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Dholi (caste)

2026-04-30T19:11:22Z

Samantahfp: new a info

{{Distinguish|Dholi Bhil}}{{Short description|Musician caste in Western India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{notability|1=Music|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox caste|caste_name=Doli|image=Musicians - India (13668241).jpg|caption=A dholi street performer|religions=[[Hinduism]]|state=[[Rajasthan]]|status=[[Schedule Caste|SC]]|education_reservation=yes|employment_reservation=yes|population=134,287 (as of 2011)}}
'''Dholi''' is a traditional community of musicians, found primarily in [[Western India]] and used to play [[Dhol|drums]] and [[Dholak]] in religious festivals.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/People_of_India/vkkK6SZOo_gC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=dholi+caste&pg=PA1385&printsec=frontcover |title=People of India: Uttar Pradesh |date=2005 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-7304-114-3 |language=en}}</ref> They are not a separate caste but a group of different communities engaged in the service of drumming and playing musical instruments in village festivals and related auspicions. They were considered as socially and economically backward residing in the rural areas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaubisa |first=M. L. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Caste_Tribe_and_Exploitation/UhgdAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=dholi+caste&dq=dholi+caste&printsec=frontcover |title=Caste, Tribe, and Exploitation: Exploration of Inequality at Village Level |date=1988 |publisher=Himanshu Publications |isbn=978-81-85167-08-4 |language=en}}</ref>

Initially, they were not a specific caste but with the time the occupation of drum-playing became herediatery which lead to creation a Dholis as a caste,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Still |first=Clarinda |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Dalits_in_Neoliberal_India/X24wCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=dholi+caste&pg=PA201&printsec=frontcover |title=Dalits in Neoliberal India: Mobility or Marginalisation? |date=2015-07-17 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-34163-5 |language=en}}</ref> which was derived for the word '[[Dhol]]' and includes member of other castes and tribes accumulated to form the group. Due to social backwardness and being in the lowest in the strata of caste system, they are recognized as [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Registrar |first=India Office of the |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961_India/vbTUAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=dholi+caste&pg=PA311&printsec=frontcover |title=Census of India, 1961: India |last2=General |first2=India Office of the Registrar |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |language=en}}</ref>

In present times, they works as artisans and music professionals in functions and are considered as an important part of [[Culture of Rajasthan]].

== References ==
<references />
{{India-stub}}
[[Category:Hindu communities]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Rajasthan]]

2005–06 National Football League (India)

2026-04-27T15:24:38Z

Samantahfp:

{{Short description|10th season of National Football League}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]]
| season = 2005–06
| dates = 10 January – 21 May 2006
| winners = [[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra United]] 1st NFL title 1st [[List of Indian football champions|Indian title]]
| runners-up = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| relegated = {{ubl|[[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]|[[Fransa-Pax FC|Fransa-Pax]]}}
| continentalcup1 =
| continentalcup1 qualifiers =
| continentalcup2 = [[2007 AFC Cup|AFC Cup]]
| continentalcup2 qualifiers = {{ubl|Mahindra United|[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]}}
| continentalcup3 =
| continentalcup3 qualifiers =
| league topscorer = [[Ranti Martins]] (13 goals)
| biggest home win = {{ubl|[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]] 3–0 Fransa-Pax {{small|(5 March 2006)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Dudu brace sinks Fransa |url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2006/mar/06nfl.htm |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=6 March 2006}}</ref>|Mohun Bagan 3–0 Salgaocar {{small|(23 March 2006)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Bagan too good for Salgaocar |url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2006/mar/24nfl.htm |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=24 March 2006}}</ref>|[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] 3–0 [[JCT F.C.|JCT Mills]]|{{small|(31 March 2006)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Dempo resume NFL campaign in style |url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2006/mar/31nfl.htm |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=31 March 2006}}</ref>|Sporting Goa 3–0 [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] {{small|(8 April 2006)}}<ref name="Omagbemi3">{{cite news |title=Omaghbemi 'tricks' for Sporting Clube |url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2006/apr/09nfl.htm |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=9 April 2006}}</ref>|Dempo 4–1 [[Air India F.C.|Air India]] {{small|(9 April 2006)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Dempo ground Air India |url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2006/apr/09nfl1.htm |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=9 April 2006}}</ref>}}
| biggest away win = {{nobreak|Mohammedan Sporting 0–5 Mahindra United}} {{small|(5 May 2006)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Mahindra crush Mohd Sporting |url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2006/may/05nfl.htm |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=5 May 2006}}</ref>
| highest scoring = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] 5–3 Dempo {{small|(26 March 2006)}}<ref>{{cite news |title=East Bengal beat Dempo 5-3 |url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2006/mar/26nfl.htm |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=26 March 2006}}</ref>
| matches = 81<ref name="awards"/>
| total goals =
| average goals =
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest losses =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[2004–05 National Football League (India)|2004–05]]
| nextseason = [[2006–07 National Football League (India)|2006–07]]
}}
The '''2005–06 National Football League''', also known as the '''ONGC National Football League''' for sponsorship reasons,<ref name="awards"/> was the tenth season of the [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]], the top Indian professional league for association football clubs, since its inception in 1996. It started on 10 January 2006 and concluded on 21 May.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dempo hold Mahindra United |url=http://in.rediff.com/sports/2006/may/21nfl.htm |access-date=19 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=21 May 2006}}</ref>

[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]'s [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] was named the best player of the league.<ref name="awards">{{cite news |title=Bhutia declared player of NFL |url=http://in.rediff.com/sports/2006/may/27nfl.htm |access-date=19 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=27 May 2006}}</ref>

==Overview==
It was contested by 10 teams, Mohammedan SC and Air India were promoted from NFL- 2. [[Mahindra United]] won the championship under the coach Derrick Pereira and this was their first title. East Bengal came second while Mohun Bagan came as third. Fransa Pax and Salgaocar were relegated from the National Football League 2006-07. Midway through the season, Fransa Pax withdrew their team from the league after 9 matches.

==League standings==
{{Location map+|India |width=400|float=right|caption=Locations of teams in the 2005–06 National Football League|places={{Location map~ |India |lat=31.22000|long=75.77000 |label=[[JCT FC|JCT Mills]]|position=right }}


{{Location map~ |India3 |lat=22.56972 |long=88.36972 |label= <div style="font-size:90%;">{{nobreak|Kolkata}}</div>|mark=Blue pog.svg|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |India3 |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=19.00 |long=86.00 |label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''{{nobreak|[[Football in Kolkata|Kolkata]] clubs:}}''' 
{{nobreak|[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]}} 
</div>
|position=right}}


{{Location map~ |India3 |lat=15.49300|long=73.81800 |label= <div style="font-size:90%;">{{nobreak|Goa}}</div>|mark=Blue pog.svg|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |India3 |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=10.00 |long=86.00 |label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''{{nobreak|[[Goa]] clubs:}}''' 
{{nobreak|[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[Fransa-Pax FC|Fransa Pax]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[SC de Goa|Sporting Goa]]}} 
</div>
|position=right}}


{{Location map~ |India3 |lat=18.97500|long=72.82583 |label= <div style="font-size:90%;">{{nobreak|Mumbai}}</div>|mark=Blue pog.svg|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |India3 |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |marksize=1 |lat=14.00 |long=86.00 |label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''{{nobreak|[[Mumbai]] clubs:}}''' 
{{nobreak|[[Air India FC|Air India]]}} 
{{nobreak|[[Mahindra United FC|Mahindra United]]}} 
</div>
|position=right}}}}

<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|show_limit=5
|sortable_table=y

|team1=MAH|name_MAH=[[Mahindra United]]
|team2=EB |name_EB =[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|team3=MB |name_MB =[[Mohun Bagan]]
|team4=SCG|name_SCG=[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|team5=DEM|name_DEM=[[Dempo Sports Club|Dempo]]
|team6=JCT|name_JCT=[[JCT FC|JCT Mills]]
|team7=AI |name_AI =[[Air India]]
|team8=MOH|name_MOH=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]
|team9=SAL|name_SAL=[[Salgaocar Sports Club|Salgaocar]]
|team10=FP |name_FP =[[Fransa Pax FC|Fransa Pax]]

|win_MAH=11|draw_MAH=3|loss_MAH=3|gf_MAH=27|ga_MAH=13
|win_EB =9|draw_EB =4|loss_EB =4|gf_EB =25|ga_EB =16
|win_MB =8|draw_MB =6|loss_MB =3|gf_MB =17|ga_MB =10
|win_SCG=6|draw_SCG=7|loss_SCG=4|gf_SCG=24|ga_SCG=16
|win_DEM=6|draw_DEM=7|loss_DEM=4|gf_DEM=29|ga_DEM=22
|win_JCT=5|draw_JCT=5|loss_JCT=7|gf_JCT=14|ga_JCT=14
|win_AI =5|draw_AI =4|loss_AI =8|gf_AI =16|ga_AI =22
|win_MOH=5|draw_MOH=2|loss_MOH=10|gf_MOH=11|ga_MOH=25
|win_SAL=2|draw_SAL=6|loss_SAL=9|gf_SAL=15|ga_SAL=29
|win_FP =0|draw_FP =4|loss_FP =5|gf_FP =2|ga_FP =13

|col_C=#ACE1AF|result1=C|text_C=Champions
|col_R=#FFCCCC|text_R=Relegated
|result9=R|result10=R

|update=complete
|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india06.html 10th National Football League]
}}
</onlyinclude>

== Season statistics ==

=== Top scorers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Goals<ref>{{cite web |title=10th National Football League 2006 |url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/nfl06.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=20 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"|1
|align="left"|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Ranti Martins]]
|align="left"|Dempo
|rowspan="1"|13
|-
|rowspan="1"|2
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhaichung Bhutia]]
|align="left"|East Bengal
|rowspan="1"|12
|-
|rowspan="1"|3
|align="left"|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Dudu Omagbemi]]
|align="left"|Sporting Goa
|rowspan="1"|9
|-
|rowspan="1"|4
|align="left"|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Yusif Yakubu]]
|align="left"|Mahindra United
|rowspan="1"|8
|-
|rowspan="1"|5
|align="left"|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Chidi Edeh]]
|align="left"|Sporting Goa
|rowspan="1"|7
|-
|rowspan="1"|6
|align="left"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[José Ramirez Barreto]]
|align="left"|Mahindra United
|rowspan="1"|6
|-
|rowspan="4"|7
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} Bashiree Mohammed
|align="left"|Air India
|rowspan="4"|4
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Roberto Mendes Silva]]
|align="left"|Dempo
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} Parveen Kumar
|align="left"|JCT
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shanmugam Venkatesh]]
|align="left"|Mahindra United
|}

===Hat-tricks===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Player !! For !! Against !! style="text-align:center"| Result !! Date !! {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| [[Ranti Martins]] || Dempo || Mahindra United || 3–4 (H) || 17 January 2006 || <ref>{{cite news |title=Mahindra edge past Dempo 4-3 |url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2006/jan/17nfl.htm |access-date=20 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=18 January 2006}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] || East Bengal || Sporting Clube || 4–3 (H) || 18 March 2006 || <ref>{{cite news |title=Bhutia stars for East Bengal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/bhutia-stars-for-east-bengal/article3166339.ece |access-date=20 October 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=19 March 2006 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| [[Dudu Omagbemi]] || Sporting Clube || Mohammedan Sporting || 4–1 (H) || 8 April 2006 || <ref name="Omagbemi3"/>
|}
:'''Note:''' (H) – Home; (A) – Away

== Season awards ==
The following awards were given at the conclusion of the season. East Bengal's [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] was voted the best player of the season by the coaches and captains of all participating teams of the season. JCT Mills received the fairplay award for receiving the lowest number of [[Penalty card|cards]] (8).<ref name="awards"/>

{| class=wikitable
! Award
! Recipient<ref name="awards"/>
! Club
|-
| Best Player
| [[Bhaichung Bhutia]]
| East Bengal
|-
| Best Midfielder
| [[Shanmugam Venkatesh]]
| Mahindra United
|-
| Best Goalkeeper
| [[Sandip Nandy]]
| Mahindra United
|-
| Best Defender
| [[Mahesh Gawli]]
| Mahindra United
|-
| Fair Play
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|JCT Mills
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.rediff.com/sports/nfl06.htm League home] at [[Rediff.com]]
* [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india06.html 10th National Football League] at [[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]

{{National Football League seasons (India)}}
{{I-League seasons}}
{{2005–06 in Indian football}}
{{2005 in Asian football (AFC)}}
{{2006 in Asian football (AFC)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2005-06 Indian National Football League}}
[[Category:National Football League (India) seasons]]
[[Category:2005–06 in Indian football leagues]]
[[Category:2005–06 in Asian association football leagues|India]]

Sabhakunwar Kushawaha

2026-04-21T02:58:08Z

Samantahfp: Starting The Post W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sabha Kunwar Kushwaha
| image = File:Sabha Kunwar Kushwaha.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| office1 = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Bhatpar Rani Assembly constituency]]
| term_start1 = 2022
| term_end1 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party =
| alma_mater =
| parents =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| spouse =
| children =
}}
'''Sabhakunwar Kushawaha''' (born 1955) is an Indian politician from [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|member]] of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] for [[Bhatpar Rani]] constituency number 340.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sitting Members (search for 'Sabhakunwar') |website=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] |url=http://www.uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/ElectedMembers/18}}</ref> He became an M.L.A. in the May [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bhatpar Rani seat: यूपी की इस सीट पर पहली बार खिला कमल, सपा का अभेद्य दुर्ग ढहा |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/news/bjp-won-from-bhatpar-rani-seat-of-deoria-for-first-time/articleshow/90150711.cms |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Kushwaha is from Bhatpar Rani, Deoria district. He is born in an agricultural family to Ram Kishun. He completed his post graduation at Madan Mohan Malviya P.G. College, Bhatpar Rani, Deoria in 1986.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabhakunwar(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- BHATPAR RANI(DEORIA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/Uttarpradesh2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=3751 |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Kushwaha made his political debut in 2002 for [[Vidhan sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] which he lost. Since then he was a candidate for elections in 2007, 2012, 2013 (by-election), 2014 ([[Lok Sabha|Lok- sabha]]), 2017 but lost all of these. He became an MLA for the first time in 2022 when he joined the BJP.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/news/bjp-won-from-bhatpar-rani-seat-of-deoria-for-first-time/articleshow/90150711.cms|title=Bhatpar Rani seat: यूपी की इस सीट पर पहली बार खिला कमल, सपा का अभेद्य दुर्ग ढहा|website=Navbharat Times|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/deoria/batparrani/news/sabhakunwar-kushwaha-said-the-problem-of-the-public-is-a-priority-for-us-129802469.html|title=भाटपाररानी में विद्युत उपकेंद्र का उद्घाटन:सभाकुंवर कुशवाहा बोले- जनता की समस्या हमारे लिए प्राथमिकता होती है|website=Bhaskar.com|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref> He won the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from Bhatpar Rani Assembly constituency. He polled 91,282 votes and defeated [[Ashutosh Upadhyay]] of Samajwadi Party by a margin of 18,082 votes.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kushawaha, Sabhakunwar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]

{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Bundi Utsav

2026-04-20T16:04:03Z

Samantahfp: new a details - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox recurring event
| name = Bundi Utsav
| native_name = बूंदी उत्सव
| native_name_lang = hi
| image = Folk Dance at bundi Utsav.JPG
| caption = Folk Dance in Bundi Utsav
| status = active
| genre = fair, public gathering
| begins = 1996
| frequency = annually
| venue = [[Taragarh Fort, Bundi]], [[Jait Sagar Lake]], [[Nawal Sagar Lake]], [[Raniji ki Baori]], [[Chaurasi Khambon ki Chhatri, Bundi]]
| location = [[Bundi]], [[Rajasthan]]
| country = [[India]]
| years_active = 24
| prev = 2023
| next = 2024
| organised = Department of Tourism, Rajasthan
| sponsors = [[Government of Rajasthan]]
| URL = https://utsav.gov.in/view-event/bundi-festival-1
}}

'''''Bundi'' ''Utsav''''', or '''Bundi Festival,''' is an annual cultural and tourism festival celebrated in the city of [[Bundi]], located in the [[Hadoti]] region of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-11 |title=Bundi Utsav begins today, to display glory of royal heritage |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/bundi-utsav-begins-today-to-display-glory-of-royal-heritage/articleshow/95439234.cms |access-date=2024-03-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The festival showcases the Rajasthan and Bundi's cultural heritage, traditional art, and historical significance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Duttagupta |first=Samonway|title=6 festivals of Rajasthan that will make you fall in love with it |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/rajasthan/6-festivals-of-rajasthan-that-will-make-you-fall-in-love-with-it/ps61358749.cms |access-date=2024-03-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It typically takes place in November, during the Hindu calendar month of [[Kartika (month)|Kartika]], and lasts three days. The festival is known to attract both domestic and international tourists.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=DH Web |title=Rajasthan: Bundi Utsav begins in Hadoti with fanfare |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/rajasthan-bundi-utsav-begins-in-hadoti-with-fanfare-1161681.html |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
Initial preparations for ''Bundi Utsav'' began in 1995, with significant public input, and the first annual festival was held the following year. The festival was conceived by [[Bundi district|Bundi District]] Head Rajmata Daulat Kanwar Ji (who held the role between 1995 and 2000 on behalf of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]) and Bundi District Collector Madhukar Ji Gupta, perceiving it as a means to deepen the connection of local residents to their heritage. ''Bundi Utsav'' has gained popularity over the years, arguably becoming one of the most anticipated events in Rajasthan's cultural calendar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=कोटा |first=दिनेश कश्यप |date=2022-11-08 |title=धूमधाम से मनाया जाएगा 'बूंदी उत्सव', राजस्थान की संस्कृति देखने के लिए उमड़ेगी पर्यटकों की भीड़ |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/rajasthan/bundi-utsav-organized-festival-shows-the-historical-heritage-and-culture-of-rajasthan-ann-2254240 |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref>

The festival was cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name=":1" />

== Festival Activities ==
''Bundi Utsav'' offers an array of cultural events and activities, aiming to provide attendees with a glimpse into the region's varied cultural tapestry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Festivals and Events in November 2017 to Look Forward To {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/travel/articles/festivals-and-events-in-november-2017-to-look-forward-to-3227944/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Cultural processions ===
Processions take place in the streets of Bundi, and are noted by many attendees for their colourful decorations. They feature elaborately decorated camels, horses and elephants adorned with traditional attire and accessories. These processions are intended to celebrate the historical regal heritage of Rajasthan and contribute to a festive atmosphere. The procession commences with worship of Lord [[Ganesha]] at the [[Taragarh Fort, Bundi|Taragarh Fort]] in Bundi city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-16 |title=Bundi Utsav 2019 : दमक उठा शहर का वैभव, पावणों की बहार, देखें वीडियो |url=https://www.patrika.com/jaipur-news/in-bundi-utsav-tourists-are-enjoying-rajasthani-culture-5372330 |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2021-11-22 |title=Bundi Utsav begins today after a gap of two years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/bundi-utsav-begins-today-after-a-gap-of-two-years/articleshow/87841688.cms |access-date=2024-03-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Crafts bazaar ===
A marketplace is set up during the festival, offering a wide range of handcrafted items, textiles, jewelry, and pottery. It is held at the Government Senior Secondary School in Bundi. Visitors have the opportunity to purchase locally-made Rajasthani handicrafts and interact with artisans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hindi News, Hindi Samachar, हिंदी न्यूज़, News in Hindi, हिंदी समाचार |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

=== Cultural performances ===
The festival features captivating performances of traditional Rajasthani folk music, dance, and theater at [[Chaurasi Khambon ki Chhatri, Bundi|the Chaurasi Khambon ki Chhatri]] in Bundi city. Performances are given by local artists who aim to showcase their talent at gatherings known for their vibrant atmosphere.<ref name=":1" />

=== Rajasthani cuisine ===
The festival includes stalls that showcase the local [[Rajasthani cuisine]], including traditional dishes such as ''Katt Bafla, gatte ki sabzi, Danamethi ki Sabzi,'' and ''Kadke''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bundi Utsav 2022: Let's Explore Hadoti And Its Food Heritage |url=https://www.slurrp.com/article/bundi-utsav-2022-lets-explore-hadoti-and-its-food-heritage-1668148730262 |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Slurrp |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-17 |title=Rajasthan: Culture, cuisine and craft on Day 2 of Bundi Utsav |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/culture-cuisine-craft-on-day-2-of-bundi-utsav/articleshow/72090725.cms |access-date=2024-03-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Tourist activities ===
In addition to the cultural festivities, ''Bundi Utsav'' also includes various tourist-oriented activities such as heritage walks, guided tours of historical monuments, and competitive activities such as tug-of-war, a mustache competition, a turban tying competition, a pot race, a horse race and a camel race.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-06 |title=Bundi Utsav begins with traditional fervour |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/bundi-utsav-begins-with-traditional-fervour/story-EP5NpHgfaeTqggEPuSkqhL.html |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> On the last day of ''Bundi Utsav'', a cultural safari is organised to educate foreign tourists about rural Indian culture. The "village safari" takes visitors to Theekarda village to acquiant them with the rural lifestyle, attire and culture.

=== Deepdaan ===
The festival includes ''Deepdan'', an event during which earthen lamps are lit and set afloat on the waters of [[Nawal Sagar Lake]], located in Bundi city. ''Deepdan'' has tended to draw thousands of citizens.<ref name=":1" />

=== Painting workshop ===
The festival includes a drawing and painting workshop also held at ''Sukh Mahal'' located on the banks of [[Jait Sagar Lake]] in the city of Bundi.<ref name=":1" />

== Regional Significance ==
''Bundi Utsav'' plays a crucial role in promoting tourism and fostering cultural exchange in the Rajasthan region. It provides a platform for local artists and craftsmen to broadcast their skills, while preserving and promoting traditional art forms. As the festival attracts tourists from around the world, it is considered as a significant contributor to the economic development of Bundi city and the surrounding areas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=बूंदी उत्सव का आगाज, 2 साल बाद दिखे लोक संस्कृति के रंग, तस्वीरों में देखें कलाकारों की बेहतरीन प्रस्तुतियां |url=https://hindi.asianetnews.com/gallery/rajasthan/bundi-festival-2021-started-colors-of-folk-culture-visible-see-best-performances-of-artists-in-pictures-udt-r30dq4 |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=Bundi Utsav 2022: 11 नवंबर से होगा बूंदी महोत्सव का आगाज, रस्सा कसी और साफा बांधना समेत ये कुछ रहेगा खास {{!}} Bundi Utsav 2022 : Bundi Festival Will Start From 11 November |url=https://www.patrika.com/bundi-news/bundi-utsav-2022-bundi-festival-will-start-from-11-november-7847213 |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Bundi]]
* [[Taragarh Fort, Bundi]]
* [[Jait Sagar Lake]]
* [[Nawal Sagar Lake]]
* [[Rajasthan Diwas]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Festivals in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Bundi district]]
[[Category:Annual events]]

Abhayapuri South Assembly constituency

2026-04-17T00:46:44Z

Samantahfp: started initial details w/ infobox...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Abhayapuri South
| constituency_no = 35
| type = SLA
| map_image = Abhayapuri South Assembly constituency map.svg
| state = [[Assam]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency|Barpeta]]
| district = [[Bongaigaon district|Bongaigaon]]
| established = 1978
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| electors =
| abolished= 2023
}}
'''Abhayapuri South''' [[Electoral district|Assembly constituency]] was one of the 126 constituencies of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]], in Assam, [[Northeast India|northeastern India]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/2_PC%20wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |title=List of Assembly constituencies showing their Parliamentary constituences wise break-up |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceoassam.nic.in/information/pdf/3_Assembly_HPC_wise_MapA1.pdf |title=Map of Assam showing District-wise assembly and Parliamentary constituencies |website=www.ceoassam.nic.in| access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>

Abhayapuri South (constituency number 35) was one of the 3 constituencies located in [[Bongaigaon]] district.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref> It was reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes#SC definition|scheduled castes]].

This constituency was abolished in 2023.<ref name="Delimitation ">{{Cite report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf |title=DELIMITATION of PARLIAMENTARY & ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES of STATE OF ASSAM |date=August 11, 2023 |access-date=December 16, 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Abhayapuri South was part of [[Barpeta]] Lok Sabha constituency<ref name="abhay ref1">{{cite news |title=Abhayapuri South Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Abdul Batin Khandakar of INC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/abhayapuri-south-election-result-2021-live-updates-abhayapuri-south-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3697553.html |access-date=12 November 2021 |publisher=news18.com |date=2 May 2021}}</ref> along with 9 other assembly segments, namely, Bongaigaon and [[Abhayapuri]] North in this district, [[Patacharkuchi]], Barpeta, [[Jania, Barpeta district|Jania]], [[Baghbar Assembly constituency|Baghbar]], [[Sarukhetri Assembly constituency|Sarukhetri]] and Chenga in Barpeta district and Dharmapur in [[Nalbari district|Nalbari]] district.

== Town Details ==

Following are the details of Abhayapuri South:<ref name="abhay ref1" />

* Country: India.
* State: Assam.
* District: Bongaigaon
* Lok Sabha Constituency: Barpeta.
* Assembly Categorisation: Rural.
* Literacy Level: 69.74%.
* Eligible Electors as per 2021 General Elections: 206,843 Eligible Electors. Male Electors:91,211. Female Electors:83,652.
* Geographic Co-Ordinates: 26°17’36.2"N 90°34’36.1"E.
* Total Area Covered: 435 square kilometres.
* Area Includes: Abhayapuri thana [excluding the villages specified in item (15) of the Appendix] in Goalpara sub-division of Bongaigaon district of Assam.
* Inter State Border : Bongaigaon.
* Number of Polling Stations: Year 2011–206, Year 2016–240, Year 2021–35.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
*1978: Rabindra Nath Choudhury, [[Janata Party]].
*1985: Ratneswar Sarkar, [[Independent (politician)|Independent]].
*1991: [[Chandan Kumar Sarkar]], [[Indian National Congress]].
*1996: [[Rabin Banikya]], [[Asom Gana Parishad]].
*2001: [[Chandan Kumar Sarkar]], [[Indian National Congress]].
*2006: [[Rabin Banikya]], [[Asom Gana Parishad]].
*2011: [[Chandan Kumar Sarkar]], [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="abhay ref1" />
*2016: [[Ananta Kumar Malo]], [[All India United Democratic Front]].<ref name="abhay ref1" /><ref name="abhay ref2">{{cite news |title=Assam Assembly election 2021, Abhayapuri South profile: AIUDF's Anita Kumar Malo narrowly defeated Congress' Chandan Kumar Sarkar in 2016 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/assam-assembly-election-2021-abhayapuri-south-profile-aiudfs-anita-kumar-malo-narrowly-defeated-congress-chandan-kumar-sarkar-in-2016-9235651.html |access-date=12 November 2021 |publisher=firstpost.com |date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan=2 | Party
|-
| [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Pradip Sarkar (politician)|Pradip Sarkar]]<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13620-assam-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2016 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Abhayapuri South<ref name=election2016>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4017-assam-general-legislative-election-2016/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2016 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = [[Ananta Kumar Malo]]
|votes = 51,525
|percentage = 32.50
|change = +3.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Chandan Kumar Sarkar
|votes = 51,334
|percentage = 32.38
|change = -9.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = [[Rabin Banikya]]
|votes = 50,957
|percentage = 32.14
|change = +10.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Nirmalendu Banikya]]
|votes = 1,602
|percentage = 1.01
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Republican Party of India (A)
|candidate = [[Ashok Dutta]]
|votes = 1,304
|percentage = 0.82
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Jan Congress Party
|candidate = [[Dhiren Majumdar]]
|votes = 694
|percentage = 0.43
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,113
|percentage = 0.70
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 191
|percentage = 0.12
|change = -12.91
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,58,529
|percentage = 90.95
|change = +5.81
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,74,303
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = All India United Democratic Front
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Abhayapuri South (SC)}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Chandan Kumar Sarkar
|votes = 51,510
|percentage = 42.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = [[Bijay Das]]
|votes = 35,621
|percentage = 29.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = [[Dhrubajyoti Banikya]]
|votes = 26,485
|percentage = 21.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Dinesh Sarkar]]
|votes = 2,998
|percentage = 2.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Kaustav Kumar Das]]
|votes = 2,628
|percentage = 2.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ashok Dutta
|votes = 1,211
|percentage = 0.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bodoland People's Front
|candidate = [[Bimal Chandra Das]]
|votes = 996
|percentage = 0.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Lok Bharati
|candidate = [[Mohadev Das]]
|votes = 510
|percentage = 0.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 15,889
|percentage = 13.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,21,959
|percentage = 85.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Asom Gana Parishad
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}
{{coord|26.33|90.67|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Bongaigaon district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Assam]]

Ganti Prasada Rao

2026-04-16T00:29:03Z

Samantahfp: new new bio

{{Short description|Indian engineer and academic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = '''Ganti Prasada Rao'''
| image = GPRao.jpeg
| caption =
| birth_date = 25 August 1942
| birth_place = Seethanagaram, Andhra Pradesh
| education = Electrical Engineering and Control Systems
| years_active =India: PSG College of Technology Coimbatore 1969-71; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 1971-1997; 1997-Inventive Pathways-Management Consultancy, Abu Dhabi, UAE;
2006-Maharajah’s College Vizianagaram; Engineering College, Kakinada (Now JNTUK Campus)
| known_for = Continuous-time system identification, Piecewise Constant Orthogonal Functions (PCBF) and General Hybrid Orthogonal Functions (GHOF) in systems and control
| occupation = Electrical Engineering and Control Systems
}}

'''Ganti Prasada Rao''' (born 25 August 1942) is an Indian author, educator and researcher, well known in the field of systems and control in general, and as a pioneer in the applications of special orthogonal functions and Identification of Continuous-time Systems. For a comparative assessment of identification algorithms with continuous-time and discrete-time models, the Rao-Garnier test system became a bench mark.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://folk.ntnu.no/skoge/prost/proceedings/ecc03/pdfs/131.pdf
|title= Initialisation Aspects for Subspace and Output-Error Identification Methods
|last=Ljung
|first=Lennart
|access-date=31 July 2022
}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal |last1=C. Campi |first1=Lopes dos|last2=Santos |first2=Toshiharu |last3=Sakai |first3=Fumitosh |date= August 2008 |title=An Iterative Identification Method for Linear Continuous-Time Systems |journal=IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control |volume=53|issue=7 |pages=1661–1669 |doi=10.1109/TAC.2008.929371 |bibcode=2008ITAC...53.1661C |citeseerx=10.1.1.666.5261 |s2cid=8472938 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite book |last1=dos Santos |first1=P. Lopes |last2=Perdicoúlis |first2=T-P Azevedo |last3=J. A. |first3= Ramos |last4=G. | first4= Jank |last5=de Carvalho |first5=J. L. Martins |title=2013 European Control Conference (ECC) |chapter=Continuous-time IO systems identification through downsampled models |date= December 2013 |chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6669257 |pages=3421–3426 |doi=10.23919/ECC.2013.6669257 |isbn=978-3-033-03962-9 |s2cid=23848913 |access-date=31 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| title= Identification of Continuous-time Models from Sampled Data
| series=Advances in Industrial Control series
| editor-first1=Hugues
| editor-last1=Garnier
| editor-first2=Liuping
| editor-last2=Wang
| date=2008
| volume=55
| publisher=Springer-Verlag London Ltd
| doi=10.1007/978-1-84800-161-9
| isbn=978-1-84800-160-2
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ougahj_ggr8C&dq=rao-garnier+test+system&pg=PA109
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Maruta |first1=Ichiro |last2=Sugie |first2=Toshiharu |date= August 2008 |title=2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) |chapter=Direct closed-loop identification of continuous-time systems using fixed-pole observer model |pages=2172–2177 |doi=10.1109/CDC51059.2022.9993074 |arxiv=2205.00368 |isbn=978-1-6654-6761-2 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arturo |first1=Padilla|last2=Hugues |first2=Garnier |last3=Marion |first3=Gilson |date= 14 Dec 2015 |title=Version 7.0 of the CONTSID toolbox |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01242744/document |journal=IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control |volume=53|issue=7 |pages=1661–1669 |access-date=31 July 2022}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Estimating Continuous-time Transfer Function Models from Sampled Data |date=21 March 2016 |url=http://contsid.cran.univ-lorraine.fr/demos/html/2.Tutorials/tutorial1.html |access-date=31 July 2022}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |last1=A. González |first1=Rodrigo |last2=S. Welsh |first2=James |last3=R. Rojas |first3=Cristian |title= Enforcing stability through ellipsoidal inner approximations in the indirect approach for continuous-time system identification |url=https://rodrigoagv.github.io/IFAC20_RGV_JSW_CRR.pdf |access-date=31 July 2022}}</ref>

In the early 1970s when the scientific community was ‘going-completely-digital’ in an indirect way via discrete-time models, he suggested the direct path of continuous time models for identification of dynamical systems and developed techniques which outperform the indirect methods. These direct methods are now used in the MATLAB compatible CONtinuous Time System IDentification (CONTSID) Toolbox.<ref>Garnier H., Gilson M., Bastogne T., Mensler M. (2008) The CONTSID Toolbox: A Software Support for Data-based Continuous-time Modelling. In: Garnier H., Wang L. (eds) Identification of Continuous-time Models from Sampled Data. Advances in Industrial Control. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-161-9_9</ref><ref>Version 7.0 of the CONTSID toolbox A. Padilla1,2, H. Garnier1,2, M. Gilson1,2, 1Universit´e de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, 2 rue Jean Lamour, 54519 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France 2CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, France</ref> Developed at the [[Université de Lorraine]] in France.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://welcome.univ-lorraine.fr/
| title =University of Lorraine, France
}}</ref> The importance of these identification methods is evident from their compatibility with real world physical systems.

After teaching and research in [[PSG College of Technology]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.psgtech.edu/
| title = PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore
}}</ref> Coimbatore (1969–71)and [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/
| title =Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
}}</ref> (1971–97). He became a Member of the UNESCO-EOLSS Joint Committee<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.eolss.net/Eolss-Unesco-Joint-Committee.aspx
| title = UNESCO-EOLSS Joint Committee
| website = eolss.net
| publisher =UNESO-EOLSS
}}</ref> in the UNESCO - EOLSS Project in 1996. In the course of this ongoing project under the auspices of the UNESCO, he has been actively associated with the development of (1) Encyclopedia of Desalination and Water Resources (DESWARE)<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.desware.net/Desware-Development-Editorial-Team.aspx
| title =DESWARE International Editorial Board
| website = desware.net
| publisher =UNESO-EOLSS
}}</ref> and (2) [[Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems|Encyclopedia of Life support Systems]] (EOLSS).<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.eolss.net/Eolss-International-Editorial-Council.aspx
| title =UNESCO-EOLSS International Editorial Council
| website = eolss.net
| publisher =UNESO-EOLSS
}}</ref>

==Education==
Rao received the B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering from Andhra University, India in 1963 in first class and high honors, M.Tech. and Ph.D. degrees in 1965 and 1970 respectively, both from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur. [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Few Eminent KGPians - Electrical Engineering |url=http://why.iitkgp.ac.in/sites/default/files/public/alumnielectrical.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212113027/http://why.iitkgp.ac.in/sites/default/files/public/alumnielectrical.pdf |archive-date=2021-12-12 |website=Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur}}</ref> which conferred on him its Distinguished Alumnus Award in 2019<ref name="auto">{{cite news
| title = As many as 20 IIT Kharagpur alumni including IIT Bombay Professor Soumen Chakrabarti to get Distinguished Alumnus Award 2019
| newspaper = India Today
| location = New Delhi
| language =English
| date =27 June 2019
| url =https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/notification/story/iit-kharagpur-to-conferre-distinguished-alumnus-award-to-20-alumni-1557044-2019-06-27
}}</ref>
[[File:Receiving the IIT Kharagpur Distinguished Alumnus Award 2019.png|thumb|Ganti Prasada Rao Receiving the IIT Kharagpur Distinguished Alumnus Award 2019]]

==Research and Teaching Career==
Apart from his work at [[PSG College of Technology]], Coimbatore, India, [[IIT Kharagpur]], he held the following positions:

1975 October - 1976 July, Commonwealth Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Control Systems Centre, [[University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology]] (UMIST), Manchester, England,

1982-1983, 1985, 1991, 2003, 2004, and 2007: Research Fellow of the [[Alexander von Humboldt Foundation]]. Lehrstuhl für Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, [[Ruhr-Universität Bochum]], Germany;
2003, 2004 2007 Fraunhofer Institut für Rechnerarchitectkur und Softwaretchnik (Fraunhofer Institute - FIRST), Berlin<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.webadresse.de/forschung-berlin-first
| title =Fraunhofer Institut für Rechnerarchitektur und Softwaretechnik Institut FIRST
}}</ref>

2003 Visiting professor [[Henri Poincaré University]], Nancy, France.<ref>{{cite journal
| title= Direct continuous-time approaches to system identification. Overview and benefits for practical applications
| journal=European Journal of Control
| editor-first1=Hughes
| editor-last1=Garnier
| date=2015
| volume=24
| pages=50–62
| publisher=European Journal of Control, Vol. 24, July 2015, Pages 50-62
| doi=10.1016/j.ejcon.2015.04.003
| url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0947358015000588
| url-access=subscription
}}</ref>

2007 [[Royal Society]] sponsored Visiting Professor, [[Brunel University]], UK.

==Lectures==
[[File:GPRao Badran.jpg|thumb|May 2009 Felicitation by Dr. A. Badran, Former UNESCO DDG and, Former Prime minister of Jordan]]
[[File: Inauguration of Systems and Information Laboratory - IIT Kharagpur- established by IFFWSAT.png|thumb|Inauguration of Systems and Information Laboratory established by IFFWSAT in the Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Kharagpur]]
Rao has been invited to give lectures around the world. They include the Faraday Memorial Lecture, on 22 September 2006 at Hyderabad under the auspices of the IEEE,<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://ieeehyderabad.org/flagship-programs/faraday-memorial-lectures-fml
| title = Faraday Memorial Lectures
| website = ieeehyderabad.org
| publisher = IEEE Hyderabad Section}}</ref> the [[Karl Reinisch]] Memorial Lecture [[TU Ilmenau]], 2007 and GRD Centenary Distinguished Lecture Coimbatore 2014 to mention a few . He has been an invited participant and plenary speaker at many international conferences of the [[International Federation of Automatic Control]] (IFAC), institutions and conferences such as the, [[Hungarian Academy of Sciences]], [[Polish Academy of Sciences]] Wroclaw, [[USSR Academy of Sciences]] Moscow, etc. He was the Keynote Speaker [[International Conference on Systems Engineering|ICSENG]] 2005, [[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]], 17–19 August 2005. More recently at International Conference on Mathematics in Space and other Applied Sciences (ICMSAS-2019), 29–30 November 2019, [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Memorial PG college]], [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]] India<ref>{{cite news
| title = SMVDU Faculty delivers Invited Talk at International Conference
| newspaper = Jammu Links News
| location = Jammu & Kashmir
| language =English
| date = 2 December 2019
| url =http://www.jammulinksnews.com/newsdetail/209775/Jammu-Links-News-SMVDU_Faculty_delivers_Invited_Talk_at_Internatio
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| title = Dr Rakesh of SMVDU delivers talk at international conference
| newspaper = Daily Excelsior
| location = Jammu & Kashmir
| language =English
| date = 3 December 2019
| url =https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/dr-rakesh-of-smvdu-delivers-talk-at-international-conference/
}}</ref> and the Chief Guest at the International Conference on Advances in Applicable Mathematics, (ICAAM-2020) at [[Bharathiar University]] Coimbatore, India, 21–22 February 2020.

Some of his lectures are based on his investigations in search of hidden connections in mathematics and among some seemingly different fields of knowledge. One of the popular topics in this series is his own justification of the importance of the ancient Hindu concepts of zero and number systems and he shows how these concepts appear to have influenced the mind set of mathematicians to be viewed as the pillars of the world of mathematics.{{YouTube|aaRja1D3004}}{{YouTube|xcXIiFioQdc}}

==Books and Published Work==
Over 150 published papers, Books and as CO-Editor <ref>{{cite journal
| url = https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/ip-cta_20045250
| title =Identification of continuous-time systems
| year =2006
| doi = 10.1049/ip-cta:20045250
| last1 =Rao
| first1 =G.P.
| last2 =Unbehauen
| first2 =H.
| journal =IEE Proceedings - Control Theory and Applications
| volume =153
| issue =2
| pages =185–220
| doi-broken-date =12 July 2025
| s2cid =191992914
| url-access =subscription
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title= Piecewise Constant Orthogonal Functions and Their Application to Systems and Control
| series=Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences
| editor-first1=Ganti Prasada
| editor-last1=Rao
| date=1983
| volume=55
| publisher=Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
| doi=10.1007/BFb0041228
| isbn=978-3-540-12556-3
| url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783540125563
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| title= Identification of Continuous Dynamical Systems - The Poisson Moment Functional (PMF) Approach
| series=Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences
| editor-first1=Saha
| editor-last1=D.C
| editor-first2=Ganti Prasada
| editor-last2=Rao
| date=1983
| volume=56
| publisher=Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
| doi=10.1007/BFb0044036
| isbn=978-3-540-12759-8
| url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783540127598
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| series= Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences
| editor-first1=Ganti Prasada
| editor-last1=Rao
| editor-first2=Patra
| editor-last2=Amit
| date=1996
| volume= 213
| publisher=Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
| doi= 10.1007/BFb0027725
| isbn=978-3-540-76039-9
| url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783540760399
| title= General Hybrid Orthogonal Functions and their Applications in Systems and Control
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| title= Identification of Continuous Systems
| editor= Heinz Unbehauen, Ganti Prasada Rao
| date=1987
| publisher=North-Holland, 1987
| isbn=978-0-444-70316-3
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zE3vAAAAMAAJ&q=Identification+of+Continuous+Systems
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| title= Identification of Continuous-Time Systems - Methodology and Computer Implementation
| series= Intelligent Systems, Control and Automation: Science and Engineering
| editor-first1=Sinha
| editor-last1=N.K.
| editor-first2=Ganti Prasada
| editor-last2=Rao
| date=1991
| publisher=Springer Netherlands
| doi= 10.1007/978-94-011-3558-0
| isbn=978-94-011-3558-0
| url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9780792313366
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| title= Identification of Continuous-Time Systems - Methodology and Computer Implementation
| editor-first1=Sinha
| editor-last1=N.K.
| editor-first2=Ganti Prasada
| editor-last2=Rao
| date=1991
| publisher=Springer Science & Business Media, 2012
| isbn=978-94-011-3558-0
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0nzCAAAQBAJ&q=Identification+of+Continuous+Systems
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| title= Identification of Continuous-Time Systems: Linear and Robust Parameter Estimation (Engineering Systems and Sustainability)
| editor-first1=Subrahmanyam
| editor-last1=Allamaraju
| editor-first2=Ganti Prasada
| editor-last2=Rao
| date=2019
| publisher=CRC Press - 2019
| isbn=978-03-673-7143-2
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| title= Identification of Continuous-Time Systems: Linear and Robust Parameter Estimation (Engineering Systems and Sustainability)
| editor-first1= Subrahmanyam
| editor-last1= Allamaraju
| editor-first2= Ganti Prasada
| editor-last2=Rao
| date=2019
| publisher=CRC Press - 2019
| isbn=978-03-673-7143-2
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ax7CDwAAQBAJ&q=Identification+of+Continuous+Systems
}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.koumudi.net/books/koumudi_mamamchimastaru.pdf
| title =An Essay in Telugu as tribute to Rao's Teachers
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| title= The Mind of an Engineer
| chapter=My Life in an Encouraging Educational and Professional Environment - Ganti Prasada Rao
| editor-first1=Ghosh
| editor-last1=Purnendu
| editor-first2=Raj
| editor-last2=Baldev
| date=2016
| publisher=Springer Singapore
| doi=10.1007/978-981-10-0119-2
| isbn=978-981-10-0118-5
| url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789811001185
}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal
| title= Direct continuous-time approaches to system identification. Overview and benefits for practical applications
| journal=European Journal of Control
| editor-first1=Hughes
| editor-last1=Garnier
| date=2015
| volume=24
| pages=50–62
| publisher=European Journal of Control, Vol. 24, July 2015, Pages 50-62
| doi=10.1016/j.ejcon.2015.04.003
| url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0947358015000588
| url-access=subscription
}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
[[File: Lifetime Achievement Award-GP Rao.jpeg|thumb|Lifetime achievement award presented at the Second International Conference on Mathematics in Space and Applied Sciences (ICMSAS-2023), Hamirpur, March 3–4, 2023]]

* IIT Kharagpur Distinguished Alumnus Award 2019.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://kgpchronicle.iitkgp.ac.in/adding-to-the-glory/
| title =The Distinguished Alumnus Awards for 2019
| date =27 June 2019
}}</ref>
* May 2009 Felicitation by Prof. Dr. A. Badran, former President University of Petra and Former UNESCO DDG and, Former [[Prime Minister of Jordan|Prime minister of Jordan]]
* The International Foundation for Water Science and Technology has established the ‘Systems and Information Laboratory’ in the Electrical Engineering Department at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, in his honor.
* Lifetime achievement award presented at the Second International Conference on Mathematics in Space and Applied Sciences (ICMSAS-2023), Hamirpur, March 3–4, 2023 with the citation “First Generation Teacher of Computers and Computational Methods for his Valuable Contributions to Mathematics Applied to Systems and Signals”

==Personal life==
Rao married Meenakshi (Vedula) in May 1963. They have three children Nagalakshmi, Rajeswari, Venkata Lakshminarayana and three grandchildren from the daughters. Meenakshi’s book "Shaaka Paakam- Vegetarian Culinary Culture Of Telugu] (Andhra) Draavida Community Of South India" has been Published under the UNESCO-EOLSS Project as a contribution to the literature on conservation of culture.<ref>{{cite book
| title= Shaaka Paakam - Vegetarian Culinary Culture of Telugu(Andhra) Draavida Community of South India
| editor-first1= Meenakshi
| editor-last1= Ganti
| date=2009
| publisher=UNESCO-EOLSS Publishers
| isbn=978-1-84826-253-9
| url=https://www.eolss.net/ebooklib/bookinfo/shaaka-paakam-vegetarian-culinary-culture-telugu-andhra-draavida-community-south-india.aspx
}}</ref>

He established two scholarships in memory of his parents for students of the EEE Department in VCE Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://vce.ac.in/Departments/EEE/Scholorships_ECE
| title =Ganti Prasad Rao Scholorship, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
| website =Vasavi College of Engineering
}}
</ref>

Rao’s hobbies include vegetarian cooking and photography. He traveled with his wife Meenakshi around the world several times and lived in various places since 1975 and all their travels are documented. In one of his Safari travels in Tanzania he was accompanied by his friend [[Gollapudi Maruti Rao]] who wrote a travelogue describing this journey in Telugu "Teerthayaatra (Tanzania Travelogue)" )<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.koumudi.net/books/tanzania_travelog_koumudi.pdf
| title =Teerthayaatra (Tanzania Travelogue)
}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Ganti Prasada}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Engineers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scholars from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Kharagpur]]
[[Category:IIT Kharagpur alumni]]
[[Category:Andhra University College of Engineering alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]

Banikhet Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:38:49Z

Samantahfp: started basic post basic info

{{Short description|Former Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Banikhet
|state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
|constituency_no =
|type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|district = [[Chamba district|Chamba]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kangra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kangra]]
|established = 1967
|abolished = 2012
|electors = 
|reservation = None
}}
'''Banikhet''' was one of the 68 assembly constituencies of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern Indian state. [[Banikhet]] was also part of [[Kangra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kangra Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Banikhet-in-Himachal-Pradesh Previous MLAs from Banikhet Assembly Constituency]</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=2 | Des Raj || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Gian Chand || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || Des Raj || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || [[Asha Kumari (politician)|Asha Kumari]]
|-
| [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || [[Gandharv Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || rowspan=3 | [[Asha Kumari (politician)|Asha Kumari]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]] || [[Renu Chadha]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Banikhet}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Renu Chadha]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=28,310 |percentage=48.87% |change={{increase}}3.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asha Kumari (politician)|Asha Kumari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,245 |percentage=45.31% |change={{decrease}}1.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Loki Nand Sharma |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,339 |percentage=5.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,065 |percentage=3.56% |change= {{increase}}1.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,925 |percentage=74.13% |change= {{increase}}0.62 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,136 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.43 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Banikhet<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asha Kumari (politician)|Asha Kumari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,348 |percentage=47.24% |change={{decrease}}1.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Renu Chadha]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=23,488 |percentage=45.57% |change={{decrease}}2.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajender Kumar |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,266 |percentage=2.46% |change={{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bias Dev |party=Independent politician |votes=1,021 |percentage=1.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shaukat Ali |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=644 |percentage=1.25% |change={{increase}}0.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hem Raj |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=475 |percentage=0.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bodh Raj Rana |party=Independent politician |votes=304 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=860 |percentage=1.67% |change= {{increase}}0.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=51,546 |percentage=73.59% |change= {{increase}}3.41 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,122 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.20 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.86 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Banikhet<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asha Kumari (politician)|Asha Kumari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,509 |percentage=49.09% |change={{increase}}0.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Renu Chadha]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=22,088 |percentage=48.17% |change={{increase}}13.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Daulat Ram Nirdoshi |party=Communist Party of India |votes=963 |percentage=2.10% |change={{decrease}}14.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hem Raj |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=291 |percentage=0.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=421 |percentage=0.92% |change= {{decrease}}12.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=45,851 |percentage=70.85% |change= {{increase}}1.95 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,412 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.33 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.59 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Banikhet<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asha Kumari (politician)|Asha Kumari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,079 |percentage=48.50% |change={{increase}}14.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gandharv Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,673 |percentage=34.76% |change={{decrease}}3.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Daulat Ram Nirdoshi |party=Communist Party of India |votes=6,584 |percentage=16.74% |change={{decrease}}9.53 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,406 |percentage=13.74% |change= {{increase}}8.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,336 |percentage=68.66% |change= {{increase}}12.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,720 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.17 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Banikhet<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gandharv Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,962 |percentage=38.51% |change={{increase}}24.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asha Kumari (politician)|Asha Kumari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,464 |percentage=33.69% |change={{decrease}}16.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Daulat Ram Nirdoshi |party=Communist Party of India |votes=8,158 |percentage=26.26% |change={{increase}}5.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Janki Nath |party=Independent politician |votes=165 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,498 |percentage=4.82% |change= {{decrease}}25.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=31,062 |percentage=56.34% |change= {{decrease}}4.10 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,412 |ref = |change= {{increase}}30.19 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}11.84 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Banikhet<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asha Kumari (politician)|Asha Kumari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,891 |percentage=50.35% |change={{increase}}0.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Daulat Ram Nirdoshi |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,236 |percentage=20.45% |change={{decrease}}3.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bimla Mahajan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,808 |percentage=14.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gandharv Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,670 |percentage=14.33% |change={{decrease}}6.09 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,655 |percentage=29.90% |change= {{increase}}4.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,605 |percentage=60.56% |change= {{decrease}}2.17 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 42,561 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.54 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.44 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Banikhet<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Des Raj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,663 |percentage=49.90% |change={{increase}}21.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Daulat Ram Nirdoshi |party=Communist Party of India |votes=6,154 |percentage=24.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gian Chand |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,183 |percentage=20.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gandharv Singh]] |party=Janata Party |votes=683 |percentage=2.69% |change={{decrease}}64.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=387 |percentage=1.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pritam Singh |party=Lokdal |votes=240 |percentage=0.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,509 |percentage=25.65% |change= {{decrease}}12.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,376 |percentage=63.02% |change= {{increase}}7.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 40,711 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.94 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}16.90 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Banikhet<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Gian Chand |party=Janata Party |votes=13,235 |percentage=66.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Des Raj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,681 |percentage=28.67% |change={{decrease}}46.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prithvi Raj |party=Independent politician |votes=532 |percentage=2.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=365 |percentage=1.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,554 |percentage=38.13% |change= {{decrease}}19.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,813 |percentage=55.58% |change= {{increase}}9.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 36,048 |ref = |change= {{increase}}27.81 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.59 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Banikhet<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3802-himachal-pradesh-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Des Raj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,682 |percentage=75.39% |change={{increase}}22.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Mitter |party=Independent politician |votes=2,231 |percentage=17.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Daulat Ram Nirdoshi |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=929 |percentage=7.23% |change={{decrease}}34.67 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,451 |percentage=58.02% |change= {{increase}}46.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,842 |percentage=46.59% |change= {{increase}}2.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,205 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.50 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Banikhet<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081612/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Des Raj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,564 |percentage=53.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gian Chand |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=4,371 |percentage=41.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Singh |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=496 |percentage=4.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,193 |percentage=11.44% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,431 |percentage=44.19% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,420 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

* [[Banikhet]]
* [[Chamba district]]
* [[Kangra (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|32.55|75.94|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:Chamba district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 disestablishments in India]]

Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 3

2026-04-10T05:55:15Z

Samantahfp: started initial info first draft

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = BALH3.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| genre = [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Drama]]
| creator = [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| writer = Deepika Bajpai
| story = Saba Mumtaz
| screenplay =
| director = Muzammil Desai
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Nakuul Mehta]]
* [[Disha Parmar]]
}}
| theme_music_composer = '''Composer''' [[R. D. Burman]] '''Music by''' Lalit Sen Nawab Arzoo
| opentheme = "''Bade Achhe Lagte Hain''" by [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| endtheme =
| composer = Abhishek Singh Mintu Jha
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 57  
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ekta Kapoor]]
* [[Shobha Kapoor]]
}}
| cinematography = Shahir Raza
| editor = Vikas Sharma Vishal Sharma
| camera = [[Multi camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = [[Balaji Telefilms]]
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2023|05|25}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2023|08|11}}
| related = ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]'' ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2]]'' ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 4]]''
| image_alt =
}}

'''''Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 3''''' is an Indian Hindi-language television romantic drama series that premiered on 25 May 2023 until 11 August 2023 on [[Sony TV]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 3 promo: Nakuul Mehta and Disha Parmar play a rebooted Ram Kapoor and Priya Sood. happiness|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bade-achhe-lagte-hain-3-promo-nakuul-mehta-as-ram-kapoor-and-disha-parmar-as-priya-are-back-with-their-usual-cute-banter-netizens-express-happiness/articleshow/100348896.cms|access-date=25 May 2023|website=The Times of India|date=19 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]] under the banner of her [[Balaji Telefilms]], the show is the third installment of ''Bade Achhe Lagte Hain'' series.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 3 review: Nakuul Mehta and Disha Parmar recreate old-school romance as Ram and Priya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bade-achhe-lagte-hain-3-review-nakuul-mehta-and-disha-parmar-recreate-old-school-romance-as-ram-and-priya/articleshow/100526293.cms|access-date=27 May 2023|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The series stars [[Nakuul Mehta]] and [[Disha Parmar]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ahead of Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 3's finale episode, Nakuul Mehta pens down a sweet note thanking fans for all their love|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ahead-of-bade-achhe-lagte-hain-3s-finale-episode-nakuul-mehta-pens-down-a-sweet-note-thanking-fans-for-all-their-love/articleshow/102651953.cms|access-date=2023-08-12|website=The Times of India|date=11 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
Ram Kapoor, a businessman, is fun-loving and kind-hearted and has recently tasted the success of his food delivery start-up with the help of his friend and business partner, Alekha Malhotra. He lives with his mother, Shalini Kapoor and best friend, Shardul, and is in a relationship with Kriti, whom Shalini disapproves of. On the other hand, Dr. Priya Sood, a dentist, is an optimist who lives with her parents and younger sister, Ritika, and has been in a relationship with Yuvraj Sharma, a competitive, overly ambitious person for the past six years.

The story takes a turn on New Year's Eve, where Ram celebrates his success with his colleagues, Yuvraj chances upon Alekha, and plans to become rich and successful instantly like Ram by hitching with her. Ritika suspects Yuvraj's behaviour, but Priya refuses to believe it, until finally he breaks up, leaving her devastated. He does so to be ahead of his friend, Akhil, who already has ditched Priya's friend for Ram's cousin, Sonalika. Priya's mother and sister inform Ram of Yuvraj's ill intentions during a ceremony meant for Yuvraj and Alekha as well as Akhil and Sonalika, held at the Kapoor Mansion.

Meanwhile, Shalini takes an instant liking towards Priya after a visit to her clinic on New Year's Eve, and wishes to have Ram marry her. She becomes happy assuming Ram and Priya are already in love with each other. Later, Ram and Priya are hospitalized after being injured in a shootout, where the paparazzi capture the two and wrongfully tag them as a couple. Shalini’s health deteriorates and she needs surgery. Her condition for getting it is if Ram gets married within the next week which is the same timeframe she has to get the surgery.

The news about Ram and Priya excites Shalini, who then approaches Priya's mother with their marriage proposal, and the latter instantly agrees as she feels Ram is the apt partner for Priya. Priya originally decides to say no to the relationship but Ram convinces her to say yes, saying that they have to remain married for three months so Shalini will get the surgery. Priya agrees and they hold the engagement. Yuvraj, scared that Priya will reveal why he is marrying Alekha, decides to expose the contract papers for the marriage. Shalini finds the papers and asks Priya and Ram about it. Priya twists it, saying that since people would assume that she was a gold digger, she had the papers made so no one would doubt her. Shalini now says that no one can doubt Priya because of how good she is. Shreya, Ram's cousin, and Kriti try to cancel Ram and Priya's marriage but it proceeds anyway and they start their journey thinking that it is just a three-month marriage contract.

Over the period, Ram and Priya come closer to each other, but this comes at the cost of the former's friendship with Alekha, who believes Ram is unjust towards Yuvraj post-marriage. On the other hand, Ram's relatives - Avinash and Shivani (paternal uncle-aunt), Tej and Mitali (maternal uncle-aunt), and Shreya (Tej-Mitali's daughter) plot to acquire the Kapoor wealth by poisoning Shalini through their housemaid Sheetal. When Sheetal backs out, Avinash injures her, slipping her into coma. Anju and Priya suspect foul play. This leads to Priya discovering that Shalini is being poisoned.

In an attempt to discard Priya as her major obstacle, Shreya defames Priya by publicising her pictures with Yuvraj. Despite the allegations, Ram still trusts Priya and confesses his love for her. Shalini, who too suspected Priya of foul play realises her mistake when Sonalika reveals Akhil's deceit, and how Priya has been her support.
Soon enough, Ram and Priya are kidnapped after Kriti sedates their drinks, however, to her oblivion, Shreya uses this as an opportunity and is revealed to be the mastermind behind the kidnapping. Through this, Shreya and the relatives coerce Shalini to sign the will, but fail to do so. Ram and Priya save themselves and confess their love to each other and return to the Kapoor Mansion. Ritika exposes Shreya, who eventually confesses of all the wrongdoings, including how the Kapoor's relatives murdered Ram's father in the same fashion they did for Shalini. Shreya, Avinash, Shivani, Tej and Mitali are arrested for their crimes. Alekha breaks up with Yuvraj for his deceit. Kriti too leaves after Ram professes his love for Priya.

The couple finally reveal to their family of their contract marriage plan, but have fallen in love with each other. Sanjeev finally accepts Ram in the gesture the latter asked to. The story ends on beautiful takeaways of a love story from Ram and Priya amidst the rains.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Nakuul Mehta]] as Ram Kapoor: CEO of IndiaEatz, Shalini's son; Priya's husband
* [[Disha Parmar]] as Dr. Priya Sood: Dentist; Anju and Sanjeev's daughter; Ritika's sister; Ram's wife

===Recurring===
* [[Supriya Shukla]] as Shalini Kapoor: Ram's mother; Priya's mother-in-law; Tej's sister; Sonalika, Gaurav, Shreya, and Rishabh's aunt
* [[Srishti Jain]] as Ritika Sood: Sanjeev and Anju's younger daughter; Priya's younger sister
* Milind Pathak as Sanjeev Sood: Anju's husband; Priya and Ritika's father
* Shivani Mahajan as Anju Sood: Sanjeev's wife; Priya and Ritika's mother
* Kimmy Kaur as Sanjeev's sister
* [[Akshit Sukhija]] as Yuvraj Sharma: Alekha's ex fiancé; Priya's former love interest
* Chirag Mehra as Shardul Arora: Ram's best friend
* Tanya Kalra as Alekha Malhotra: Ram's business partner; Yuvraj's ex fiancée
* Saadhika Syal as Kriti: Ram's ex-girlfriend
* Sanaz Irani as Sonalika Kapoor: Avinash and Shivani's daughter; Gaurav's sister; Ram's cousin
* [[Nitin Bhatia]] as Rishabh: Ram, Gaurav and Sonalika's cousin
* Ayush Shrivastava as Gaurav Kapoor: Avinash and Shivani's son; Sonalika's brother; Ram and Rishabh's cousin
* Suman Bajaj as Shalini's friend
* Viraj Nanda as Akhil

===Guest===
* [[Shivangi Joshi]] as Aradhana Sahni: Priya's college friend; Reyansh's employee from [[Barsatein - Mausam Pyaar Ka]]
* [[Kushal Tandon]] as Reyansh "Rey" Lamba: Aradhana's boss from [[Barsatein - Mausam Pyaar Ka]]

==Production==
===Development===
The series was announced after the ratings of ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2]]'' fell. The original leads of the previous season were cast as the leads, marking their second collaboration with [[Ekta Kapoor]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bade-achhe-lagte-hain-3-promo-nakuul-mehta-as-ram-kapoor-and-disha-parmar-as-priya-are-back-with-their-usual-cute-banter-netizens-express-happiness/articleshow/100348896.cms |title=Balaji Telefilms next is the third installment of Bade Acche [sic].. titled Bade Acche [sic] Lagte Hain 3 |work=Times of India |access-date=15 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/exclusive-video-nakuul-mehta-disha-parmar-on-reuniting-for-bade-achhe-lagte-hain-3-promo-shoot-and-more-1221996?amp |title=Nakuul Mehta and Disha Parmar reunite for Bade Acche [sic] Lagte Hain 3, back as Ram and Priya |access-date=20 May 2023 |work=Pinkvilla|date=20 May 2023 }}</ref>

===Casting===
[[Nakuul Mehta]] and [[Disha Parmar]] were cast as the leads, Ram and Priya, marking their third show together.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nakuul Mehta's humble response to criticism on Bade Acche [sic] Lagte Hain 3 wins internet|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/nakuul-mehta-humble-response-to-criticism-on-bade-acche-lagte-hain-3-wins-internet-2023-06-06-874619|access-date=10 June 2023|website=India TV|date=6 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mom-to-be Disha Parmar is happy to be working for 'Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 3'|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/mom-to-be-disha-parmar-is-happy-to-be-working-for-bade-achhe-lagte-hain-3--news-299439/amp|access-date=12 July 2023|website=Outlook India|date=July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[Srishti Jain]] was cast as Ritika, Priya's sister while [[Akshit Sukhija]] was cast as the antagonist Yuvraj.<ref>{{Cite news|title=After Alibaba, Srishti Jain all set to play an important role in Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 3|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/after-alibaba-srishti-jain-all-set-to-play-an-important-role-in-bade-achhe-lagte-hain-3/articleshow/100357175.cms|access-date=2023-05-25|website=The Times of India|date=19 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Akkshith Sukhija to play the antagonist in Bade Achhe Lagte Hain|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/akkshith-sukhija-to-play-the-antagonist-in-bade-achhe-lagte-hain/articleshow/100351809.cms|access-date=2023-05-25|website=The Times of India|date=19 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 3 Original Sound Track
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Lalit Sen and Nawab Arzoo
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 25 May 2023
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Romance (music)|Romance]] [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 4:40
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| producer = [[Ekta Kapoor]] [[Shobha Kapoor]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

''Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 3''{{'}}s soundtrack music is given by Lalit Sen and Nawab Arzoo. The theme song was composed by [[R. D. Burman]] and sung by [[Shreya Ghoshal]] and Trijayh Dey.

{{track listing
| extra_column= Artist
| headline = Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 3: Tracklisting
|title1 = Bade Achhe Lagte Hain
|note1 = Duet
|extra1 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]] Trijayh Dey
|length1 = 4:40
}}

==Sequel==
A spiritual sequel ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 4]]'' was announced on 25 March 2025.<ref>{{cite web | title=Bade Acche [sic] Lagte Hai new season first look: Harshad Chopda and Shivangi Joshi share a delightful chemistry. Watch | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bade-acche-lagte-hai-new-season-first-look-harshad-chopda-and-shivangi-joshi-share-a-delightful-chemistry-watch-9906822/ | website=The Indian Express | date=26 March 2025}}</ref> It stars [[Harshad Chopda]] and [[Shivangi Joshi]] as Rishabh and Bhagyashree.<ref>{{cite web | last=Mandal | first=Pramila | title=Bade Achhe Lagte Hain: 5 things to look forward to in Harshad Chopda and Shivangi Joshi's new show – storyline and more | url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/bade-achhe-lagte-hain-5-things-to-look-forward-to-in-harshad-chopda-and-shivangi-joshis-new-show-storyline-and-more-1379360 | website=PINKVILLA | date=26 March 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}
{{Sony Entertainment Television India Shows|state=collapsed}}
{{Balaji Telefilms|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Balaji Telefilms television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]

G. V. Raja Sports School

2026-04-03T19:34:09Z

Samantahfp: new new stub - done

{{Infobox school
| name = G. V. Raja Sports School
| native_name = ജി.വി. രാജ സ്പോർട്സ് സ്കൂൾ
| latin_name =
| image =
| caption =
| motto =
| address = Sports School Rd, Mailom, [[Perumkulam]]
| city = [[Aruvikkara]]
| state = Kerala 
| zipcode = 695573
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|8.557113888818613|77.00996854844794|format=dms|display=it}}
| type = [[State school|State]], [[Sports school]]
| established = {{start date and age|1974|p=1}}
| founder = [[P. Ravindran]]
| head =
| faculty =
| principal = Dr. Pradeep C.S
| authority = Directorate Of Sports & Youth Affairs Kerala
| grades = 8-12
| gender = Co-educational
| accreditation = [[Department of General Education]]
| campus_type = Suburban
| website = {{URL|https://gvrsportsschool.org/}}
}}

'''G. V. Raja Sports School''' is a [[State school|State]] sports school in Aruvikkara, Thiruvananthapuram, [[Kerala]], focused on developing young athletes in various sports.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/sports/other-sports/gv-raja-sports-school-news-18-02-2017.html | title=GV Raja School Needs to Raise the Bar | publisher=[[Manorama Online]] | date=18 February 2017 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref> It is one of the three sports schools in Kerala under the Directorate of Sports & Youth Affairs, alongside the Sports Division in [[Thrissur]] and the Sports School in [[Kannur]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/sports-dy-director-given-charge-of-gv-raja-school/articleshow/64923714.cms | title=Sports department director given charge of GV Raja school | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | date=10 July 2018 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref>

Founded in 1974, it is named after [[G. V. Raja|Lt. Col. P. R. Godha Varma Raja]], known as the "Father of Sports in Kerala," to honor his contributions to sports promotion in the state.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2307036.pdf | title=Life of Godavarma Raja and His Contributions to the Sports Developments in Kerala | author=Praveen. M | journal=IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts | year=2023 | volume=11 | issue=7 | pages=1–4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/sports/other-sports/2024/05/11/gv-raja-sports-accademy.html | title=Local Academy Honors G.V. Raja with Renaming in His Hometown | publisher=[[Manorama Online]] | date=11 May 2024 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref>

==History==
In the early 1970s, discussions began about improving sports standards in Kerala. On April 7, 1970, Sri Raveendran, the Minister for Industries, Labor, and Sports, chaired a meeting focused on the state's sports development. This led to the formation of a committee headed by Justice [[V. R. Krishna Iyer]], tasked with proposing a sports development plan. The committee recommended the creation of sports hostels, schools, and divisions to foster young athletes.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/kerala/thiruvananthapuram-gvraja-sports-school-in-trivandrum-local18-682649.html | title=Shaping Kerala's Sports Future: G.V. Raja Sports School Leads the Way | publisher=[[News18 Kerala]] | work=Athira Balan A | date=6 August 2024 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref>

One of the key outcomes of this recommendation was the establishment of the G. V. Raja Sports School in 1974. The school was initially located at [[Shankumugham Beach]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], providing an environment where aspiring athletes could receive specialized training. The founding of the school was aimed at nurturing young talent and elevating the state's sports performance.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/columns/view-from-my-window/urgent-kerala-sports-need-a-saviour-column-m-g-radhakrishnan-1.8988726 | title=Urgent: Kerala Sports need a saviour | publisher=[[Mathrubhumi News]] | work=M G Radhakrishnan | date=15 October 2023 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref>

In 2006, the G. V. Raja Sports School was relocated to its current campus at Miletus, near [[Aruvikkara]], Thiruvananthapuram. The move was made to offer better facilities and accommodate the growing needs of the school and its students.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/india/how-this-popular-sports-school-in-thiruvananthapuram-nurtures-talent-8992920.html | title=How This Popular Sports School In Thiruvananthapuram Nurtures Talent | publisher=[[News18 India]] | date=7 August 2024 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref>

==Facilities==
The Academic Block has classrooms with teaching aids and offers academic programs from 8th grade to Vocational Higher Secondary levels. The school operates under two administrative frameworks (Directorate Of Sports & Youth Affairs Kerala): the [[General Studies|General Education Department (DPI)]] for grades 8 to 10, and the [[Vocational education|Vocational Higher Secondary Education (VHSE)]] Directorate for grades 11 and 12, specializing in [[Physical education]] and [[Sports science]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/kerala-iconic-sports-school-trying-to-regain-its-glory/articleshow/64239844.cms | title=Kerala iconic sports school trying to regain its glory | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Manoj SS | date=19 May 2018 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref>

The Sports Training Block provides facilities for athletics, [[association football|football]], [[field hockey|hockey]], [[volleyball]], [[cricket]], [[judo]], [[boxing]], and [[taekwondo]]. An Indoor Stadium is available for training during adverse weather conditions. The campus includes outdoor playgrounds for football, hockey, [[basketball]], and [[List of athletics events|athletics events]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/gv-raja-sports-school-up-for-major-facelift/article26262117.ece | title=G.V. Raja Sports School up for major facelift | publisher=[[The Hindu]] | date=14 February 2019 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://keralanews.gov.in/2067/1/gv-raja-sports-school.html | title=State-of-the-Art Indoor Basketball Court and Fitness Center Unveiled at G.V. Raja Sports School | publisher=keralanews.gov.in | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref>

==Achievements==
In 2003 and 2018, the school participated in the [[Subroto Cup|Subroto Cup International Football Tournament]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/kabiraj-win-again-in-subroto-cup-football/articleshow/336048.cms | title=Kabiraj win again in Subroto Cup football | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | date=2 December 2003 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref> In 2020, the school competed in the [[Kerala School Sports Meet|State School Athletic and Games Championship]]. By 2022, the school enabled 10 students to participate in the [[2026 Summer Youth Olympics|4th Youth Olympics]]. That same year, the school also took part in the National School Sports Championship.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2014/Aug/01/g-v-raja-school-loses-the-baton-642556.html | title=G V Raja School 'Loses the Baton' | work=Adwaidh Rajan | publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] | date=1 August 2014 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://dsya.kerala.gov.in/achievements_2023 | title=Achievements of players from Kerala - 2023 | publisher=Directorate Of Sports & Youth Affairs Kerala | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/how-kerala-school-has-triumphed-hockey-despite-lack-proper-facilities-153914 | title=How a Kerala school has triumphed in hockey despite lack of proper facilities | publisher=[[The News Minute]] | work=KC Arun | date=14 August 2021 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/gv-raja-sports-school-to-nurture-talents-from-keralas-kalikkalam-2024/articleshow/114786150.cms | title='GV Raja Sports School to train athletes from 'Kalikkalam' sports meet' | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | date=30 October 2024 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref>

=== At Kerala School Sports Meet ===
GV Raja Public School has earned recognition as a top performer at the [[Kerala School Sports Meet]], an annual event. In the most recent edition, the [[2024 Kerala School Sports Meet]], the school was named the best overall performer in the state, with a total of 268 points and 68 medals across categories such as athletics, aquatics, and games.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/thiruvananthapuram/2024/11/12/kerala-school-sports-meet-thiruvananthapuram-champions.html | title=Sports Festival Sparks Dilemma in Thiruvananthapuram | publisher=[[Manorama Online]] | date=12 November 2024 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/sports/kerala-school-games-gv-raja-sports-school/1148368 | title=Return of G.V. Raja: A Legacy Revisited | publisher=[[Deshabhimani]] | work=Jijo George | date=10 November 2024 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref>

==Notable alumni==
Due to the age of the school, it is unclear as to what year some of its alumni graduated. Those whose class is unknown, or assumed, are noted as such.

Notable alumni include:
* [[K. M. Beenamol]] – Olympian, recipient of the [[Arjuna Award]] in 2001 and [[Padma Shri]] in 2004.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2015/Sep/04/beenamols-felicitation-inspired-me-says-sreejesh-809544.html | title=Beenamol's Felicitation Inspired Me, Says Sreejesh | work=Krishnakumar KH | publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] | date=4 September 2015 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref>
* [[P. R. Sreejesh]] (class of 2000) – Olympian, former caption of [[India men's national field hockey team]], recipient of the [[Padma Shri]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://telanganatoday.com/paris-olympics-giving-our-best-in-every-game-is-crucial-to-qualify-for-quarters-says-pr-sreejesh | title=Paris Olympics: Giving our best in every game is crucial to qualify for quarters, says PR Sreejesh | publisher=[[Telangana Today]] | date=27 July 2024 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/other-sports/2024/10/30/hockey-great-pr-sreejesh-wants-another-olympic-medal.html | title=Hockey great PR Sreejesh wants another Olympic medal | publisher=[[Onmanorama]] | date=30 October 2024 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref>
* [[Shiny Abraham]] – Olympian, recipient of the [[Arjuna Award]] in 1984 and [[Padma Shri]] in 1998.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2015/Mar/14/ray-of-hope-for-g-v-raja-sports-school-728307.html | title=Ray of Hope for G V Raja Sports School | publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] | date=14 March 2015 | accessdate=19 December 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://gvrsportsschool.org/}}

[[Category:Sports academies]]
[[Category:Sports schools]]
[[Category:Sport schools in India]]
[[Category:Sports universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Sport in Kerala]]
[[Category:Schools in Kerala]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Schools in Thiruvananthapuram district]]

N. T. Rama Rao filmography

2026-03-27T13:53:04Z

Samantahfp: enhanced formatting based on references and added references

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}

[[File:N. T. Rama Rao, 1952.jpg|thumb|220px|[[N. T. Rama Rao]] in the 1952 film ''[[Daasi (1952 film)|Daasi]]'']]

[[N. T. Rama Rao]] (1923–1996), commonly known by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, screenwriter, director and producer who worked primarily in [[Telugu cinema]]. Through his over four-decade long career of almost 300 films, he was considered one of the most pivotal figures of the Telugu industry.<ref name="TH Timeline">{{Cite news |date=28 May 2017 |title=N.T. Rama Rao: A timeline |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nt-rama-rao-a-timeline/article18594639.ece |url-status=live |access-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722143315/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nt-rama-rao-a-timeline/article18594639.ece |archive-date=22 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="ThePrint" /> After his debut in ''[[Mana Desam]]'' (1949) and his first lead role in ''[[Palletoori Pilla]]'' (1950), Rama Rao's performance in the [[fantasy film]] ''[[Pathala Bhairavi]]'' (1951) made him famous.<ref name="IE" /><ref name="TH PB" />{{sfn|Narayan|1983|p=74}} His other films with [[Vijaya Vauhini Studios]], ''[[Malliswari (1951 film)|Malliswari]]'' (1951) and ''[[Pelli Chesi Choodu]]'' (1952), were also successful, causing him to become the industry's "top star" according to Ashish Rajadhyaksha and [[Paul Willemen]] in the book ''Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema''.{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} He also took his first steps into film production by forming the National Art Theatre production studio in 1953.<ref name="NAT" />

Through the 1960s, Rama Rao became well known for his work in mythological films.<ref name="IE" />{{Sfn|Lyden|2009|p=149}} After a poorly-received cameo as [[Krishna]] in ''[[Sonta Ooru]]'' (1956), his portrayal of the god in the [[epic film|epic]] ''[[Mayabazar]]'' (1957) won him praise.{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=350}}<ref name="TH Mayabazar" /> Rama Rao would go on to play Krishna in sixteen other films, with the role quickly becoming iconic for him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2016 |title=Producers of NTR's Mayabazar had nearly rejected his Krishna role |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/producers-of-ntr-s-mayabazar-had-nearly-rejected-his-krishna-role/story-UtorNcBDN5DvQdOpVJrRZN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130505/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/producers-of-ntr-s-mayabazar-had-nearly-rejected-his-krishna-role/story-UtorNcBDN5DvQdOpVJrRZN.html |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=31 August 2020 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> In 1958's ''[[Bhookailas (1958 film)|Bhookailas]]'', he played the demon king [[Ravana]] to critical acclaim, which was an unprecedented turn for an actor who had mostly played heroic roles up to that point.{{Sfn|Chandrahas|Lakshminarayana|2019|p=151}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2020 |title=Sr NTR birth anniversary special: 5 unforgettable classics that prove 'Annagaru' is irreplaceable |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/sr-ntr-birth-anniversary-special-5-unforgettable-classics-that-prove-annagaru-is-irreplaceable-842712.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130507/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/sr-ntr-birth-anniversary-special-5-unforgettable-classics-that-prove-annagaru-is-irreplaceable-842712.html |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=8 August 2020 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> In the wake of its success, Rama Rao reprised the role in his successful directorial debut ''[[Seeta Rama Kalyanam (1960 film)|Seeta Rama Kalyanam]]'' (1961).<ref name="THSitaRama" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=Seeta Rama Kalyanam was the first movie directed by NTR in 1961 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/seeta-rama-kalyanam-was-the-first-movie-directed-by-ntr-in-1961/articleshow/75249702.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130505/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/seeta-rama-kalyanam-was-the-first-movie-directed-by-ntr-in-1961/articleshow/75249702.cms |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=8 August 2020 |website=The Times of India|date=20 April 2020 }}</ref> By then, his performances, particularly his portrayal of [[Venkateswara]] in ''[[Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam]]'' the year before, caused some of his fans to ascribe divine status to the point that pilgrims would visit Rama Rao's house after going to [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|the deity's temple]].<ref name="IE" />{{Sfnm|1a1=Lyden|1y=2009|1p=149|2a1=Rajadhyaksha|2a2=Willemen|2y=1998|2p=189}}<ref name="tnm">{{Cite web |last=Richi |first=Priyankak |date=8 January 2019 |title=Playing god on screen: How NTR's mythological roles shaped his political career |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/playing-god-screen-how-ntrs-mythological-roles-shaped-his-political-career-94682 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130507/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/playing-god-screen-how-ntrs-mythological-roles-shaped-his-political-career-94682 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=31 August 2020 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>{{efn|In ''Maverick Messiah'', journalist Ramesh Kandula criticises the claim that Rama Rao's fans considered him godly as sensationalism and states that pilgrims who visited his house did not worship him.{{sfn|Kandula|2021|p=66}}}}

Later in his career, Rama Rao shifted his focus to social melodramas and vigilante films.{{Sfn|Bhrugubanda|2018|p=45}}{{Sfn|Chandrahas|Lakshminarayana|2019|p=146}} He also delved deeper into filmmaking, forming [[Ramakrishna Cine Studios]] in 1976.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dasagrandhi |first=Madhuri |date=8 July 2018 |title=Where the magic gets unfolded |work=[[Telangana Today]] |url=https://telanganatoday.com/where-the-magic-gets-unfolded |url-status=live |access-date=2020-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102091120/https://telanganatoday.com/where-the-magic-gets-unfolded |archive-date=2 November 2019}}</ref> The following year, Rama Rao wrote, directed and produced the first film under this banner, ''[[Daana Veera Soora Karna]]''.{{Sfn|Bhrugubanda|2018|p=165}} The film, where he played three characters of the Hindu epic [[Mahabharata]], namely [[Karna]], [[Duryodhana]] and Krishna, was a commercial success and became the first Telugu film to gross over {{INR|2 [[crore]]}} (20 million); as a result, it has been considered his magnum opus.<ref name="IE" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajpal |first=Roktim |date=18 January 2020 |title=Remembering Sr NTR on his death anniversary: Why 'Annagaru' is an irreplaceable icon |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/remembering-sr-ntr-on-his-death-anniversary-why-annagaru-is-an-irreplaceable-icon-795815.html |url-status=live |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130506/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/remembering-sr-ntr-on-his-death-anniversary-why-annagaru-is-an-irreplaceable-icon-795815.html |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tanmayi |first=Bhawana |date=8 July 2017 |title=Highlighting the goodness of Karna, Suyodhana |work=[[Telangana Today]] |url=https://telanganatoday.com/highlighting-goodness-karna-suyodhana |url-status=live |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130531/https://telanganatoday.com/highlighting-goodness-karna-suyodhana |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> With his adoption of a new, youthful image in his other roles that year also becoming popular with audiences, 1977 has been considered Rama Rao's ''[[annus mirabilis]]''.{{Sfn|Bhrugubanda|2018|pp=142–144}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2020 |title=1977 సీనియర్ ఎన్టీఆర్‌కి చాలా స్పెషల్.. ఎందుకో తెలుసా..? |trans-title=1977 was very special for Sr. NTR.. Do you know why..? |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/sr-ntr-birth-anniversary-special-and-1977-is-the-most-special-year-for-him-pk-526182.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918121813/https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/sr-ntr-birth-anniversary-special-and-1977-is-the-most-special-year-for-him-pk-526182.html |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=2020-11-22 |website=[[Network18 Group|News18 Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>

He would continue starring in vigilante films, often with themes of rebellion against a corrupt system and playing dual "old-young" hero roles, which were box-office hits despite being considered cheesy and over-the-top by critics.{{sfn|Kandula|2021|pp=68-69}} After Rama Rao entered politics in 1982, he started to withdraw from the film industry.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Menon |first=Amarnath K. |date=30 April 1982 |title=Inspired by MGR, N.T. Rama Rao enters rough and tumble of politics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19820430-inspired-by-mgr-n.t.-rama-rao-enters-rough-and-tumble-of-politics-771744-2013-10-18 |url-status=live |magazine=[[India Today]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124165432/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19820430-inspired-by-mgr-n.t.-rama-rao-enters-rough-and-tumble-of-politics-771744-2013-10-18 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |access-date=2020-11-22}}</ref> Having become [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] in 1983, he took a six-year break during his first two terms, with his last role beforehand being 17th century fortune teller [[Potuluri Veerabrahmam]] in ''[[Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra]]'' (1984).<ref name="tnm" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Menon |first=Amarnath K. |date=15 April 1989 |title=After six years break, Andhra CM N.T. Rama Rao returns to celluloid world |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19890415-after-six-years-break-andhra-cm-n.t.-rama-rao-returns-to-celluloid-world-815995-1989-04-15 |url-status=live |magazine=[[India Today]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918085354/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19890415-after-six-years-break-andhra-cm-n.t.-rama-rao-returns-to-celluloid-world-815995-1989-04-15 |archive-date=18 September 2019 |access-date=8 August 2020}}</ref> Near the end of his second term, he controversially re-entered cinema by starting production of his next film ''[[Brahmarshi Viswamitra]]'' (1991) while still in office.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishna Rao |first=C. H. V. M. |date=24 March 2017 |title=Like Sidhu, NTR too faced controversy over film shoot |work=[[The Asian Age]] |url=https://www.asianage.com/india/all-india/240317/like-sidhu-ntr-too-faced-controversy-over-film-shoot.html |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317092927/http://www.asianage.com/india/all-india/240317/like-sidhu-ntr-too-faced-controversy-over-film-shoot.html |archive-date=17 March 2019}}</ref> Both this film and his following production ''[[Samrat Ashoka]]'' (1992) failed to reinvigorate his career.<ref name="ITSA2" /> Rama Rao's final two films were released the year after, with ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1993 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]'' becoming a "sensational hit" and ''[[Srinatha Kavi Sarvabhoumudu]]'' flopping at the box office despite being critically praised.{{Sfn|Chandrahas|Lakshminarayana|2019|p=550}} 

== On-screen roles ==

*''All films are in Telugu, unless otherwise noted.''

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" id="filmography"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Role(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 1949
! scope="row" | ''[[Mana Desam]]''
| Police inspector
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=16 September 2012 |title=MANA DESAM (1949) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/mana-desam-1949/article3902439.ece |url-status=live |access-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214130130/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/mana-desam-1949/article3902439.ece |archive-date=14 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1950
! scope="row" | ''[[Shavukaru]]''
| Satyam
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Scroll">{{Cite web |date=30 October 2016 |title=National film archive adds Telugu classics 'Patala Bhairavi', 'Shavukaru' to its treasure chest |url=https://scroll.in/reel/820214/national-film-archive-adds-telugu-classics-patala-bhairavi-shavukaru-to-its-treasure-chest |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807221954/https://scroll.in/reel/820214/national-film-archive-adds-telugu-classics-patala-bhairavi-shavukaru-to-its-treasure-chest |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=6 August 2020 |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=320}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Palletoori Pilla]]''
| Jayanth
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=10 November 2012 |title='PALLETOORI PILLA' (1950) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/palletoori-pilla-1950/article4085252.ece |url-status=live |access-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703223617/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/palletoori-pilla-1950/article4085252.ece |archive-date=3 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Maaya Rambha]]''
| [[Nalakuvara|Nalakubharudu]]
| Simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2020 |title=Remembering Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao on his birth anniversary |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/remembering-nandamuri-taraka-rama-rao-on-his-birth-anniversary/photostory/76062012.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529084901/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/remembering-nandamuri-taraka-rama-rao-on-his-birth-anniversary/photostory/76062012.cms |archive-date=29 May 2020 |access-date=7 August 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Samsaram (1950 film)|Samsaaram]]''
| Raghu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=319}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1951
! scope="row" | ''[[Pathala Bhairavi]]''
| Thota Ramudu
| Simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] Dubbed in [[Hindi]] with two songs reshot in colour
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="TH PB">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=13 April 2013 |title=Pathalabhairavi (1951) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pathalabhairavi-1951/article4614079.ece |access-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125061307/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pathalabhairavi-1951/article4614079.ece |archive-date=25 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Malliswari (1951 film)|Malliswari]]''
| Nagaraju
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=16 March 2013 |title='Malleeswari' (1951) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/malleeswari-1951/article4515823.ece |url-status=live |access-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320174648/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/malleeswari-1951/article4515823.ece |archive-date=20 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1952
! scope="row" | ''[[Pelli Chesi Choodu]]''
| Venkataramana
| Simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Kalyanam Panni Paar''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=21 July 2013 |title=Pelli Chesi Choodu (1952) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/pelli-chesi-choodu-1952/article4936024.ece |url-status=live |access-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108115829/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/pelli-chesi-choodu-1952/article4936024.ece |archive-date=8 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Daasi (1952 film)|Daasi]]''
| Ramaiah
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="D">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=26 May 2013 |title=Dasi (1952) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/dasi-1952/article4751649.ece |access-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225060415/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/dasi-1952/article4751649.ece |archive-date=25 February 2020}}</ref> {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=326}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Palletooru]]''
| Chandram
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=12 May 2013 |title=Palletooru (1952) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/palletooru-1952/article4707370.ece |access-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110040305/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/palletooru-1952/article4707370.ece |archive-date=10 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1953
! scope="row" | ''[[Velaikari Magal]]''
| Ramaiah
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="D" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ammalakkalu]]''
| Kumar
| Simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Marumagal''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/cinema-news/70-years-for-ammalakkalu-350875.html|title=Ammalakkalu: 70 ఏళ్ళ 'అమ్మలక్కలు'|trans-title=Ammalakkalu: 70 years of 'Ammalakkalu' |work=[[NTV (India)|NTV Telugu]]|date=14 April 2023|access-date=14 October 2024|first=Prasanna|last=Pradeep|language=te}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pichi Pullayya]]''
| Pullayya
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=12 October 2013 |title=Pitchi Pullaiah (1953) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/pitchi-pullaiah-1953/article5228790.ece |url-status=live |access-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217131605/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/pitchi-pullaiah-1953/article5228790.ece |archive-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Chandirani]]''
| Kishore
| Simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Hindi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=3 August 2013 |title=Chandirani (1953) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/chandirani-1953/article4985649.ece |url-status=live |access-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814122048/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/chandirani-1953/article4985649.ece |archive-date=14 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" | 1954
! scope="row" | ''[[Chandraharam]]''
| Chandan Raju
| Simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Scroll" /> {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=330}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vaddante Dabbu]]''
| Shyam
|Simultaneously shot in Tamil as ''Panam Paduthum Padu''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parankusam |first=Aditya |date=11 June 2017 |title=Chronicles of screwball comedy |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2017-06-11/Chronicles-of-screwball-comedy/305770 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170801133847/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sunday-Hans/2017-06-11/Chronicles-of-screwball-comedy/305770 |archive-date=1 August 2017 |access-date=7 August 2020 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 1954 |title=వద్దంటే డబ్బు |language=te |trans-title=Vaddante Dabbu |page=10 |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |location=Nellore |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1954/Feb/26-FEB-1954.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913154028/http://zaminryot.com/pdf/1954/Feb/26-FEB-1954.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Thodu Dongalu (1954 film)|Thodu Dongalu]]''
| Paramesam
| Also producer
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="2ndawardPDF">{{Cite web |title=State Awards For Films 1955 |url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/112_2ndNfacatalogue.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725173439/http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/112_2ndNfacatalogue.pdf |archive-date=25 July 2020 |access-date=7 August 2020 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref> {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=339}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rechukka]]''
| Kannaiah / Kumara Rayala{{efn|Rama Rao played a single character with two or more names.|name=names}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narasimhan |first=M. L. |date=18 April 2014 |title=RECHUKKA (1954) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/rechukka-1954/article5923356.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421063054/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/rechukka-1954/article5923356.ece |archive-date=21 April 2014 |access-date=7 August 2020 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Raju Peda]]''
| Poligadu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=16 May 2014 |title=RAJU-PEDA (1954) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/rajupeda-1954/article6013503.ece |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721181208/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/rajupeda-1954/article6013503.ece |archive-date=21 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sangham (1954 film)|Sangham]]''
| Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=6 August 2018 |title=On S. Janaki's sonorous rendition of 'Nee leela paadeda Deva' in 'Muripinche Muvvalu' |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/s-janakis-rendition-of-nee-leela-paadeda-deva/article24614633.ece |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206203840/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/s-janakis-rendition-of-nee-leela-paadeda-deva/article24614633.ece |archive-date=6 February 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=16 July 1954 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: సంఘక ప్రయోజనంతో పాటు పినోదాన్ని కూర్చిన 'సంఘం' |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: 'Sangham' (lit. Society) combines entertainment with a social purpose |page=8 |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |location=Nellore |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1954/Jul/16-JUL-1954.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913100747/http://zaminryot.com/pdf/1954/Jul/16-JUL-1954.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aggi Ramudu]]''
| Aggi Ramudu / Kumar
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=2 May 2014 |title=AGGIRAMUDU (1954) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/aggiramudu-1954/article5967093.ece |access-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216135356/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/aggiramudu-1954/article5967093.ece |archive-date=16 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Parivartana (1954 film)|Parivartana]]''
| Ananda Rao
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Iddaru Pellalu]]''
| Mallaiah
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNi9-0quqZs |title=Iddaru Pellalu |date=30 January 2014 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=Telugu Movies (Volga Video) |access-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511220103/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNi9-0quqZs |archive-date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1955
! scope="row" | ''[[Missamma]]''
| M. T. Rao
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="BFP Missamma">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=16 October 2014 |title=Blast from the past: Missamma (1955) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-missamma-1955/article6505603.ece |url-status=live |access-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607035606/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-missamma-1955/article6505603.ece |archive-date=7 June 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vijaya Gauri]]''
| Gunasagara
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Cherapakura Chedevu]]''
| Mohan
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HNoKOaBM0s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/3HNoKOaBM0s |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Cherapakura Chedev |date=5 July 2017 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=v9 Videos |access-date=9 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Jayasimha (1955 film)|Jayasimha]]''
| Jayasimha / Bhavani Prasad
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. l |date=14 August 2014 |title=Jayasimha (1955) |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-jayasimha/article6317743.ece |access-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528122805/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-jayasimha/article6317743.ece |archive-date=28 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kanyasulkam (film)|Kanyasulkam]]''
| Girisam
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Kanyasulkam (songbook) |url=https://indiancine.ma/static/pdf.js/?file=%2Fdocuments%2FAAN%2F1955-Kanyasulkamu-1955.pdf |language=te |access-date=4 September 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130508/https://indiancine.ma/static/pdf.js/?file=%2Fdocuments%2FAAN%2F1955-Kanyasulkamu-1955.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jagaddhatri |date=20 April 2019 |title=Stars who immortalised protagonists of novels |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/featured/sunday-hans/stars-who-immortalised-protagonists-of-novels-522675 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130524/https://www.thehansindia.com/featured/sunday-hans/stars-who-immortalised-protagonists-of-novels-522675 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=9 August 2020 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Santosham (1955 film)|Santhosham]]''
| Anand / Paramanand{{efn|Rama Rao played two or more characters.|name=char}}
|Simultaneously shot in [[Hindi]] as ''Naya Aadmi'' (1956)
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=11 September 2014 |title=SANTHOSHAM (1955) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/santhosham-1955/article6401521.ece |url-status=live |access-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128190615/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/santhosham-1955/article6401521.ece |archive-date=28 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="10" | 1956
! scope="row" | ''[[Tenali Ramakrishna (film)|Tenali Ramakrishna]]''
| [[Krishnadevaraya|Sri Krishnadevaraya]]
| Simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Tenali Raman (film)|Tenali Raman]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=14 November 2014 |title=Tenali Ramakrishna (1956) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/tenali-ramakrishna-1956/article6596304.ece |url-status=live |access-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325071904/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/tenali-ramakrishna-1956/article6596304.ece |archive-date=25 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Chintamani (1956 film)|Chintamani]]''
| [[Vilwamangalam Swamiyar|Bellvamangaludu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=345}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Jayam Manade]]''
| Pratap
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=9 January 2015 |title=JAYAM MANADE (1956) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/jayam-manade-1956/article6768825.ece |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810120722/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/jayam-manade-1956/article6768825.ece |archive-date=10 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sonta Ooru]]''
| Madhav
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref name="TH Mayabazar" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Uma Sundari]]''
| Vijaya Rayalu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2MwGCBAI2s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/L2MwGCBAI2s |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Uma Sundari |date=10 January 2018 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=Divya Media |access-date=10 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Marma Veeran]]''
|
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film, Cameo
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5n_eWr6lJc|title=Veguchukka Telugu Full-Length Movie | Sriram | Vyjayanthimala | Rajasulochana | Nagaya | TVNXT|date=13 February 2021|work=[[Sun NXT]]|time=33:58|via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Chiranjeevulu (1956 film)|Chiranjeevulu]]''
| Mohan
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=30 October 2014 |title=Blast from past: CHIRANJEEVULU (1956) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-past-chiranjeevulu-1956/article6549130.ece |url-status=live |access-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203001441/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-past-chiranjeevulu-1956/article6549130.ece |archive-date=3 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Gauri Mahatyam]]''
| Balaveerudu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimhamaccessdate=2020-08-11 |first=M. L. |date=3 April 2009 |title=The original swashbuckler |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/The-original-swashbuckler/article15937778.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612003121/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/The-original-swashbuckler/article15937778.ece |archive-date=12 June 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_BHThbwhQM |title=Sri Gowri Mahatyam |date=12 November 2014 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=Ganesh Videos |access-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708100957/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_BHThbwhQM |archive-date=8 July 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Penki Pellam]]''
| Raju
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZ0E7F-BkVQ |title=Penki Pellam |date=5 June 2015 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=[[Shemaroo Entertainment|Shemaroo]] Telugu |access-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301142607/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZ0E7F-BkVQ |archive-date=1 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Charana Daasi]]''
| Dr. Chandra Shekar
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=20 October 2012 |title=Mathar Kula Manickam 1956 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mathar-kula-manickam-1956/article4016223.ece |access-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702213652/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mathar-kula-manickam-1956/article4016223.ece |archive-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Un5GXyWbb6E |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/Un5GXyWbb6E |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Charana Daasi |date=22 December 2014 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=Movie Time Cinema |access-date=11 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="10" | 1957
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhagya Rekha]]''
| Ravi
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=19 March 2015 |title=Bhagyarekha (1957) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/bhagyarekha-1957/article7011569.ece |access-date=18 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920065721/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/bhagyarekha-1957/article7011569.ece |archive-date=20 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Mayabazar]]''
| [[Krishna|Krishnudu]]
| Simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="TH Mayabazar">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=30 April 2015 |title=Mayabazar (1957) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/mayabazar-1957/article7159111.ece |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502053722/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/mayabazar-1957/article7159111.ece |archive-date=2 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Veera Kankanam]]''
| Veera Mohan
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Manikyeswari |first=C. V. R. |title=ఫ్లాష్ బ్యాక్ @ 50 – వీరకంకణ |language=te |trans-title=Flash Back @ 50 – Veera Kankanam |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-0 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604233540/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-0 |archive-date=4 June 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sankalpam (1957 film)|Sankalpam]]''
| Raghu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNHZ6vxBST |title=Sankalpam |date=6 May 2015 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=Niharika Movies |access-date=12 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vinayaka Chaviti]]''
| [[Krishna|Krishnudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOU7yXtxtyQ |title=Vinayaka Chavithi |date=31 December 2015 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=Divya Media |access-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125215048/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOU7yXtxtyQ |archive-date=25 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhale Ammayilu]]''
| Anand
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0xmluAmLOM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/o0xmluAmLOM |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Bhale Ammayilu |date=21 February 2012 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=TeluguOne |access-date=12 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sati Anasuya (1957 film)|Sati Anasuya]]''
| Kaushikudu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref name="Sati Anasuya">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BlxwJ5bDZM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/9BlxwJ5bDZM |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Sati Anasuya |date=14 October 2014 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=iDream Media |access-date=15 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sarangadhara (1957 film)|Sarangadhara]]''
| [[Sarangadhara|Sarangadharudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Manikyeswari |first=C. V. R. |date=8 December 2018 |title=ఫ్లాష్ బ్యాక్ @ 50 – సారంగధర |language=te |trans-title=Flash Back @ 50 – Sarangadhara |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-36 |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813002556/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-36 |archive-date=13 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kutumba Gowravam]]''
| Gopalam
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref name="Sati Anasuya"/>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Panduranga Mahatyam]]''
| [[Pundalik|Pundarikudu]]
| Also producer
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="NAT">{{Cite news |last=Dasagrandhi |first=Madhuri |date=16 September 2018 |title=NTR's phenomenal act as an atheist-turned-devotee |work=[[Telangana Today]] |url=https://telanganatoday.com/ntrs-phenomenal-atheist-turned-devotee |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130524/https://telanganatoday.com/ntrs-phenomenal-atheist-turned-devotee |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" | 1958
! scope="row" | ''[[Anna Thammudu (1958 film)|Anna Thammudu]]''
| Ravi
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite press release |title=Anna Thammudu (songbook) |url=https://indiancine.ma/static/pdf.js/?file=%2Fdocuments%2FAKU%2F1958-Annatammudu-1958.pdf |language=te |access-date=15 August 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130532/https://indiancine.ma/static/pdf.js/?file=%2Fdocuments%2FAKU%2F1958-Annatammudu-1958.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhookailas (1958 film)|Bhookailas]]''
| [[Ravana|Ravanudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=353}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sobha (1958 film)|Sobha]]''
| Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimaham |first=M. L. |date=14 May 2015 |title=Sobha (1958) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/sobha-1958/article7205419.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429160542/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/sobha-1958/article7205419.ece |archive-date=29 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Raja Nandini]]''
| Jayachandrudu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Manikyeswari |first=C. V. R. |date=4 August 2018 |title=ఫ్లాష్ బ్యాక్ @ 50 – రాజనందిని |language=te |trans-title=Flash Back @ 50 – Rajanandini |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-36 |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813002556/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-36 |archive-date=13 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Manchi Manasuku Manchi Rojulu]]''
| Raju
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=9 July 2015 |title=Manchi manasuku manchi rojulu (1958) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-manchi-manasuku-manchi-rojulu/article7403694.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716030609/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-manchi-manasuku-manchi-rojulu/article7403694.ece |archive-date=16 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Karthavarayuni Katha]]''
| Karthavaraya
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQwXleXrtcU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/yQwXleXrtcU |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Karthavarayuni Katha |date=30 March 2018 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=TVNXT Telugu |access-date=16 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Inti Guttu (1958 film)|Inti Guttu]]''
| Gopal
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=16 July 2015 |title=Intiguttu (1958) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-intiguttu/article7429947.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329120449/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-intiguttu/article7429947.ece |archive-date=29 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sampoorna Ramayanam (1958 film)|Sampoorna Ramayanam]]''
| [[Rama|Ramar]]
| Tamil film
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=30 June 2012 |title=Sampoorna Ramayanam 1956 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-columns/sampoorna-ramayanam-1956/article3588925.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123083806/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-columns/sampoorna-ramayanam-1956/article3588925.ece |archive-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=14 April 1958 |title=Sampurna Ramayanam |pages=1 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19580414&printsec=frontpage&hl=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1959
! scope="row" | ''[[Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu]]''
| Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=20 August 2015 |title=Appu Chesi Pappu Koodu (1959) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/appu-chesi-pappu-koodu-1959/article7561720.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609161335/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/appu-chesi-pappu-koodu-1959/article7561720.ece |archive-date=9 June 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rechukka Pagatichukka]]''
| Vijay Kumar
| Simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Raja Sevai''
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Manikyeswari |first=C. V. R. |date=22 December 2018 |title=ఫ్లాష్ బ్యాక్ @ 50 – రేచుక్క- పగటిచుక్క |language=te |trans-title=Flash Back @ 50 – Rechukka Pagatichukka |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-38 |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223140408/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-38 |archive-date=23 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sabhash Ramudu]]''
| Ramachandra Rao
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=3 September 2015 |title=SABHASH RAMUDU (1959) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/ntr-as-the-protagonist-ramu-displayed-subtle-emotions-with-impeccable-ease-underplaying-the-character/article7611376.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227180726/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/ntr-as-the-protagonist-ramu-displayed-subtle-emotions-with-impeccable-ease-underplaying-the-character/article7611376.ece |archive-date=27 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Daiva Balam]]''
| Chandrasenudu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Manikyeswari |first=C. V. R. |date=21 September 2019 |title=ఫ్లాష్ బ్యాక్ @ 50 – దైవ బలం |language=te |trans-title=Flash Back @ 50 – Daiva Balam |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |url=http://andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-77 |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926143445/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-77 |archive-date=26 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bala Nagamma (1959 film)|Bala Nagamma]]''
| Karyavardhi
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=26 November 2011 |title=Balanagamma (1942) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/balanagamma-1942/article2662737.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228103732/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/balanagamma-1942/article2662737.ece |archive-date=28 December 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nanisetti |first=Shanti |date=6 January 2019 |title=Unparalleled charisma of SVR |url=https://telanganatoday.com/unparalleled-charisma-of-svr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405100229/https://telanganatoday.com/unparalleled-charisma-of-svr |archive-date=5 April 2019 |access-date=16 August 2020 |website=Telangana Today}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vachina Kodalu Nachindi]]''
| Ravi
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFe1bigtUUY |title=Vachina Kodalu Nachindi |date=27 July 2018 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=SK Videos |access-date=16 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Banda Ramudu]]''
| Ramu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAXHzaKwV30 |title=Banda Ramudu |date=19 August 2014 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=Telugu Movies (Volga Video) |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407200516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAXHzaKwV30 |archive-date=7 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" | 1960
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam]]''
| [[Venkateswara|Venkateswara Swamy]]{{efn|Rama Rao played multiple forms of the same character, such as an [[avatar]].|name=form}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=17 December 2015 |title=Sri Venkateswara Mahathyam (1960) |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/the-tirumala-temple-set-erected-at-the-vijayavauhini-studios-attracted-a-large-number-of-visitors-even-after-the-shooting-was-completed/article8000306.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110153539/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/the-tirumala-temple-set-erected-at-the-vijayavauhini-studios-attracted-a-large-number-of-visitors-even-after-the-shooting-was-completed/article8000306.ece |archive-date=10 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Raja Makutam]]''
| Pratap
| Simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=M. L. Narasimhan |date=11 February 2016 |title=Rajamakutam (1960) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/starring-nt-ramarao-rajasulochana-kannamba-gummadi-padmanabham-rajanala/article8223231.ece |access-date=17 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312013711/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/starring-nt-ramarao-rajasulochana-kannamba-gummadi-padmanabham-rajanala/article8223231.ece |archive-date=12 March 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rani Ratnaprabha]]''
| Amara Simhudu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_dxROXBn7o |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/V_dxROXBn7o |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Rani Ratnaprabha |date=23 November 2018 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=v9 Videos |access-date=17 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Devanthakudu (1960 film)|Devanthakudu]]''
| Sundar
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=M. L. Narasimham |date=11 March 2016 |title=Devanthakudu (1960) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/devanthakudu-1960/article8337797.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202021739/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/devanthakudu-1960/article8337797.ece |archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vimala (film)|Vimala]]''
|Vijay Kumar / Gopalam
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUDVZxYtQEo |title=Vimala |date=3 October 2013 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=Telugu Movies (Volga Video) |access-date=17 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512115310/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUDVZxYtQEo |archive-date=12 May 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Deepavali (1960 film)|Deepavali]]''
| [[Krishna|Krishnudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="HT" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhatti Vikramarka]]''
| [[Vikramaditya|Vikramarka Maharaju]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-28 |title=నటరత్న యన్టీఆర్ 'భట్టి విక్రమార్క'కు 60 ఏళ్ళు |trans-title='Nataratna' NTR's Bhatti Vikramarka completes 60 years |url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/telugunews/nataratna-ntr-bhatti-vikramarka-completes-60-years-2020092810393438 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130542/https://www.andhrajyothy.com/telugunews/nataratna-ntr-bhatti-vikramarka-completes-60-years-2020092810393438 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=2020-09-30 |website=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kadeddulu Ekaram Nela]]''
| Ramudu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuDsG8zYMR0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/YuDsG8zYMR0 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Kadeddulu Ekaram Nela |date=9 March 2019 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=Telugu Movie Cafe |access-date=17 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhakta Raghunath]]''
| [[Krishna|Krishnudu]]
| Guest appearance
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2018 |title=ఆ విషయంలో ఎన్టీఆర్ రికార్డును ఎవ్వరూ బద్దలు కొట్టలేరు..! |trans-title=In this matter, NTR has an untouchable record! |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/ntr-plays-sri-krishna-character-in-18-times-33762.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710074116/https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/ntr-plays-sri-krishna-character-in-18-times-33762.html |archive-date=10 July 2020 |access-date=17 August 2020 |website=[[Network18 Group|News18 Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" | 1961
! scope="row" | ''[[Sita Rama Kalyanam (1961 film)|Seeta Rama Kalyanam]]''
| [[Ravana|Ravanudu]]
| Also director
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="THSitaRama">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=14 April 2016 |title=SITA RAMA KALYANAM (1961) |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/starring-nt-ramarao-kantharao-haranath-b-saroja-devi-mani-geethanjali/article8475709.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605063451/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/starring-nt-ramarao-kantharao-haranath-b-saroja-devi-mani-geethanjali/article8475709.ece |archive-date=5 June 2019}}</ref> <ref name="8thaward">{{Cite web |date=1961 |title=State Awards for Films Programme |url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/106_8thNfacatalogue.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725172311/http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/106_8thNfacatalogue.pdf |archive-date=25 July 2020 |access-date=16 August 2020 |publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Intiki Deepam Illale]]''
| Raja Shekaram
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=4 October 2016 |title=Manapandhal (1961) |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/manapandhal-1961/article5951258.ece |url-status=live |access-date=17 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228064344/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/manapandhal-1961/article5951258.ece |archive-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4Xi_L7aIRI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/k4Xi_L7aIRI |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Intiki Deepam Illale |date=27 January 2014 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=iDream Media |access-date=17 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Indrajeet (Sati Sulochana)]]''
| [[Indrajit|Meghanadhudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Rukminidevi |first=B. |date=21 September 2019 |title=నాకు నచ్చిన చిత్రం (సతీ సులోచన) |language=te |trans-title=My Favorite Picture (Sati Sulochana) |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/others-1315 |url-status=dead |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907094541/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/others-1315 |archive-date=7 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pendli Pilupu]]''
| Madhu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishna |date=14 May 1961 |title=సమీక్ష: పెండ్లి పిలుపు |language=te |trans-title=Review: Pendli Pilupu |page=8 |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/EVX/Pendli%20Pillupu%20(1961)%20Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130536/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/EVX/Pendli%20Pillupu%20%281961%29%20Review.jpg |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Santha (1961 film)|Santha]]''
| Srinivas
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=28 July 1961 |title=సమీక్ష: జనతా చిత్రం "శాంత" |language=te |trans-title=Review: People's Picture "Shantha" |page=8 |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |location=Nellore |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1961/Jul/28-jul-1961.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130537/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1961/Jul/28-jul-1961.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Jagadeka Veeruni Katha]]''
| Pratap
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=7 July 2016 |title=Jagadeka Veeruni Katha (1961) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Jagadeka-Veeruni-Katha-1961/article14475908.ece |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200610085815/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Jagadeka-Veeruni-Katha-1961/article14475908.ece |archive-date=10 June 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kalasi Vunte Kaladu Sukham]]''
| Kishtaiah
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=9 June 2016 |title=Kalasi Vunte Kaladu Sukham (1961) |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Kalasi-Vunte-Kaladu-Sukham-1961/article14412512.ece |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130541/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Kalasi-Vunte-Kaladu-Sukham-1961/article14412512.ece |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Taxi Ramudu]]''
| Ramu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarodha |date=22 October 1961 |title=సమీక్ష: టాక్సీరాముడు |language=te |trans-title=Review: Taxi Ramudu |page=8 |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FCI/Taxi%20Ramudu%20(1961)%20Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130540/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FCI/Taxi%20Ramudu%20%281961%29%20Review.jpg |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="10" | 1962
! scope="row" | ''[[Gulebakavali Katha]]''
| Vijayudu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=18 August 2016 |title=Blast from the past: Gulebakavali Katha (1962) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Blast-from-the-past-GULEBAKAVALI-KATHA-1962/article14583602.ece |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221101655/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Blast-from-the-past-GULEBAKAVALI-KATHA-1962/article14583602.ece |archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Gaali Medalu]]''
| Krishna
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishna |date=18 February 1962 |title=గాలిమేడలు చిత్రసమీక్ష |language=te |trans-title=Gaali Medalu Film Review |page=8 |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |location=Chitoor |url=http://www.pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=46057 |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130627/http://www.pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=46057 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Tiger Ramudu]]''
| Ramu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishna |date=16 March 1962 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: టైగర్ రాముడు |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Tiger Ramudu |page=6 |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FCR/Tiger%20Ramudu%20(1962)%20Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130541/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FCR/Tiger%20Ramudu%20%281962%29%20Review.jpg |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhishma (1962 film)|Bhishma]]''
| [[Bhishma|Bheeshmudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="ThePrint">{{Cite web |last=Mondal |first=Manisha |date=18 January 2019 |title=N.T. Rama Rao, the three-time CM of Andhra Pradesh who could serve one full term |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/n-t-rama-rao-the-three-time-cm-of-andhra-pradesh-who-could-serve-one-full-term/179269/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222091013/https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/n-t-rama-rao-the-three-time-cm-of-andhra-pradesh-who-could-serve-one-full-term/179269/ |archive-date=22 February 2020 |access-date=6 August 2020 |website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Dakshayagnam (1962 film)|Dakshayagnam]]''
| [[Shiva|Sivudu]]
|100th Film
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishna |date=18 May 1962 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: దక్షయజ్ఞం |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Dakshayagnam |page=6 |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |location=Vijayawada |url=http://www.pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=46057 |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130602/http://www.pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=46057 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Gundamma Katha]]''
| Anjaneya Prasad / Anji{{efn|name=names}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=1 December 2016 |title=GUNDAMMA KATHA (1962) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/GUNDAMMA-KATHA-1962/article16735882.ece |url-status=live |access-date=20 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130543/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/GUNDAMMA-KATHA-1962/article16735882.ece |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Mahamantri Timmarusu (film)|Mahamantri Timmarusu]]''
| [[Krishnadevaraya|Sri Krishnadevarayalu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=1 September 2016 |title=Mahamantri Thimmarusu (1962) |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=T |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Mahamantri-Thimmarusu-1962/article14617760.ece1 |url-status=live |access-date=20 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130545/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Mahamantri-Thimmarusu-1962/article14617760.ece1 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Swarna Manjari]]''
| Chandrabhanu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishna |date=18 May 1962 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: స్వరణమంజరి |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Swarna Manjari |page=6 |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |location=Vijayawada |url=http://www.pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=46163 |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130546/http://www.pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=46163 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rakta Sambandham]]''
| Raju / Raja Shekaram
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=20 October 2016 |title=Blast from the past: RAKTHA SAMBANDHAM (1962) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Blast-from-the-past-RAKTHA-SAMBANDHAM-1962/article16076658.ece |url-status=live |access-date=20 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130552/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Blast-from-the-past-RAKTHA-SAMBANDHAM-1962/article16076658.ece |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aatma Bandhuvu]]''
| Rangadu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=21 July 2016 |title=ATHMABANDHUVU (1962) |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/ATHMABANDHUVU-1962/article14500863.ece |url-status=live |access-date=20 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130606/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/ATHMABANDHUVU-1962/article14500863.ece |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="13" | 1963
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Krishnarjuna Yuddhamu]]''
| [[Krishna|Krishnudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=374}} <ref name="HT">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2016 |title=Janmashtami: A look at NT Rama Rao's portrayal of Lord Krishna |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/janmashtami-a-look-at-nt-rama-rao-s-portrayal-of-lord-krishna/story-Yfc7ug3DU4hTlOI9XKFDJN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130558/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/janmashtami-a-look-at-nt-rama-rao-s-portrayal-of-lord-krishna/story-Yfc7ug3DU4hTlOI9XKFDJN.html |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=20 August 2020 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Irugu Porugu]]''
| Ravi
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=D. K. N. |date=6 January 1963 |title=సినిమాసమీక్ష: ఇరుగు పొరుగు |language=te |trans-title=Cinema Review: Irugu Porugu |page=10 |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |location=Madras |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/ESL/Irugu_Porugu_(1963)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=20 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130557/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/ESL/Irugu_Porugu_%281963%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pempudu Koothuru]]''
|Raghu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rardhakrishna |date=10 February 1963 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: పెంపుడుకూతురు |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Pempudu Koothuru |page=10 |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/EVL/Pempudu_Kuthuru_(1963)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=20 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130557/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/EVL/Pempudu_Kuthuru_%281963%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Valmiki (1963 Telugu film)|Valmiki]]''
| Raksha / [[Valmiki]]{{efn|name=names}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharada |date=15 February 1963 |title=వాల్మీకి |language=te |trans-title=Valmiki |page=9 |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |location=Nellore |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1963/Feb/15-feb-1963.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=27 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130559/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1963/Feb/15-feb-1963.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> <ref name="TH Siddalingaiah">{{Cite news |last=R |first=Shilpa Sebastian |date=13 December 2019 |title=Remembering S Siddalingaiah, destined to direct |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tribute-to-director-siddalingaiah-on-his-83rd-birth-anniversary-which-falls-on-december-15/article30295337.ece |url-status=live |access-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130609/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tribute-to-director-siddalingaiah-on-his-83rd-birth-anniversary-which-falls-on-december-15/article30295337.ece |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Savati Koduku]]''
| Seshu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=am_v0ptlHlM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/am_v0ptlHlM |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Savati Koduku |date=10 October 2017 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=v9 Videos |access-date=27 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Lava Kusa (1963 film)|Lava Kusa]]''
| [[Rama|Ramudu]]
| Simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=13 January 2017 |title=Lava Kusa (1963) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/LAVA-KUSA-1963/article17032693.ece |url-status=live |access-date=27 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118065455/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/LAVA-KUSA-1963/article17032693.ece |archive-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Paruvu-Prathishta]]''
| Raju
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharada |date=28 July 1961 |title=పరువు-ప్రతిష్ |language=te |trans-title=Paruvu-Prathishta |page=9 |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |location=Nellore |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1963/May/17-may-1963.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130622/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1963/May/17-may-1963.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aapta Mitrulu]]''
| Prakash
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpLwg_UY-L0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/LpLwg_UY-L0 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Aapta Mitrulu |date=12 September 2019 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=TVNXT Telugu |access-date=28 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bandipotu (1963 film)|Bandipotu]]''
| Narasimham
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=D. K. N. |date=18 August 1963 |title=సినిమాసమీక్ష: బందిపోటు |language=te |trans-title=Cinema Review: Bandipotu |page=10 |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |location=Madras |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FIN/Bandhipotu_(1963)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=20 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130626/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FIN/Bandhipotu_%281963%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> <ref name="TH Siddalingaiah" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Lakshadhikari]]''
| Varaprasad
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=15 December 2016 |title=Lakshadhikari (1963) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Lakshadhikari-1963/article16833984.ece |url-status=live |access-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221194410/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Lakshadhikari-1963/article16833984.ece |archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Tirupatamma Katha]]''
| Gopayya
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishna |date=13 October 1963 |title=శ్రీ తిరుపతమ్మ కథ |language=te |trans-title=Sri Tirupatamma Katha |page=6 |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |location=Vijayawada |url=http://www.pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=39948 |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130714/http://www.pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=39948 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Nartanasala (1963 film)|Nartanasala]]''
| [[Arjuna|Arjunudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=7 April 2017 |title=NARTANASALA (1963) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/blast-from-the-blast-nartanasala-1963/article17867482.ece |url-status=live |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130637/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/blast-from-the-blast-nartanasala-1963/article17867482.ece |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Manchi Chedu]]''
| Gopi
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=189}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxR0kgeATnw |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/MxR0kgeATnw |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Manchi Chedu |date=21 March 2015 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=Telugu Cinema |access-date=27 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="16" |1964
! scope="row" | ''[[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]]''
| [[Krishna|Krishnan]]
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film, Cameo
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=16 March 2012 |title=Karnan movie review |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/tamil/Karnan/movie-review/12288933.cms |url-status=dead |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317082558/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/tamil/Karnan/movie-review/12288933.cms |archive-date=17 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Gudi Gantalu]]''
| Vaasu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=19 January 1964 |title=గుడిగంటలు |language=te |trans-title=Gudi Gantalu |page=6 |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FLB/256p.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130620/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FLB/256p.jpg |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Marmayogi (1964 film)|Marmayogi]]''
| Prabhakar
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 February 1964 |title=మర్మయోగి |language=te |trans-title=Marmayogi |page=6 |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FOW/Marma_Yogi_(1964)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130626/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FOW/Marma_Yogi_%281964%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kalavari Kodalu]]''
| Dr. Anand
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=22 March 1964 |title='కలవారి కోడలు' |language=te |trans-title='Kalavari Kodalu' |volume=14 |page=6 |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |issue=6 |location=Vijayawada |url=http://pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=40089 |url-status=live |access-date=2 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202190610/http://pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=40089 |archive-date=2 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Desa Drohulu]]''
| Ramu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 May 1964 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: దేశద్రోహులు |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Desa Drohulu |page=6 |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FJN/Desa_Drohulu_(1964)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130628/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FJN/Desa_Drohulu_%281964%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ramudu Bheemudu]]''
| Ramudu / Bheemudu{{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnamoorthy |first=Suresh |date=21 May 2014 |title=Fifty years of a trendsetting blockbuster Ramudu Bheemudu |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/fifty-years-of-a-trendsetting-blockbuster-ramudu-bheemudu/article6034133.ece |url-status=live |access-date=5 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524001405/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/fifty-years-of-a-trendsetting-blockbuster-ramudu-bheemudu/article6034133.ece |archive-date=24 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Satyanarayana Mahathyam]]''
| [[Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Swamy|Satyanarayana Swamy]] / Satyadas{{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Thurlapati |date=12 July 1964 |title=శ్రీ సత్యనారాయణ మహత్యము |language=te |trans-title=Sri Satyanarayana Mahathyam |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/document/FXE/0,132,1859,957 |url-status=live |access-date=5 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130629/https://indiancine.ma/document/FXE/0,132,1859,957 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aggi Pidugu]]''
| Raja / Madhav{{efn||name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=14 July 2017 |title=Aggi Pidugu (1964) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/aggi-pidugu-1964/article19275959.ece |url-status=live |access-date=28 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228093218/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/aggi-pidugu-1964/article19275959.ece |archive-date=28 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Dagudu Moothalu]]''
| Sundarayya
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=3 June 2017 |title=DAGUDU MOOTHALU (1964) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/blast-from-the-past-dagudu-moothalu-1964/article18713343.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 August 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181119044020/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/blast-from-the-past-dagudu-moothalu-1964/article18713343.ece |archive-date=19 November 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sabhash Suri]]''
|Suryam
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 September 1964 |title=చిత్ర సమీక్ష: శభాష్ సూరి |language=te |trans-title=Film review: Sabash Suri |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/document/FRU/0,0,2565,1725 |url-status=live |access-date=6 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130707/https://indiancine.ma/document/FRU/0,0,2565,1725 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Babruvahana (1964 film)|Babruvahana]]''
|[[Arjuna|Arjunudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=25 October 1964 |title=బబ్రువాహన {{!}} వివాహ బంధం |language=te |trans-title=Babruvahana {{!}} Vivaha Bandham |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/FHR/0,0,2550,16880 |url-status=live |access-date=6 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130720/https://indiancine.ma/documents/FHR/0,0,2550,16880 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vivaha Bandham]]''
|Chandra Shekar
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Manchi Manishi]]''
|Venu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 1964 |title=రూప వాని: మంచి మనిషి |language=te |trans-title=Roopa Vaani: Manchi Manishi |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/FNM/0,0,2550,1688 |url-status=live |access-date=6 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130707/https://indiancine.ma/documents/FNM/0,0,2550,1688 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vaarasatwam]]''
| Raghu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Radhakrishna |date=29 November 1964 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: వారసత్వం |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Vaarasatwam |page=8 |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FYB/Varasatvam_(1964)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214039/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/FYB/Varasatvam_%281964%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bobbili Yuddham]]''
| Raja Damerla Gopalakrishna Rangaravanayudu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Shanmukhachari |first=Acharam |title=వీర చరిత్రకు దర్పణం... బొబ్బిలియుద్ధం |trans-title=Mirror image of a brave history... Bobbilli Yuddham |url=https://www.sitara.net/animuthyalu/bobbili-yuddham/6703 |url-status=live |magazine=Sitara |language=te |publisher=[[Ramoji Group]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205131520/https://www.sitara.net/animuthyalu/bobbili-yuddham/6703 |archive-date=5 December 2020 |access-date=2021-01-23}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ramadasu (1964 Film)|Ramadasu]]''
| [[Rama|Ramudu]]
| Guest role
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=27 December 1964 |title=రామదాసు |language=te |trans-title=Ramadasu |page=6 |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/ITU/Ramadasu_(1964)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214041/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/ITU/Ramadasu_%281964%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="12" | 1965
! scope="row" | ''[[Naadi Aada Janme]]''
| Bhaskar
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Shanmukhachari |first=Acharam |title=యశస్వి సొంత సినిమా 'నాదీ ఆడజన్మే' |trans-title=[[S. V. Ranga Rao|S. V.]]'s own film "Naadi Aada Janme" |url=https://www.sitara.net/animuthyalu/naadi-aada-janme/7573 |url-status=live |magazine=Sitara |language=te |publisher=[[Ramoji Group]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214128/https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/ |archive-date=26 June 2021 |access-date=2021-01-23}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pandava Vanavasam]]''
| [[Bhima|Bheemudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnamoorthy |first=Suresh |date=14 January 2015 |title=50 years on, Pandava Vanavaasam is still appealing |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/50-years-on-pandava-vanavaasam-is-still-appealing/article6787110.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2020-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214042440/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/50-years-on-pandava-vanavaasam-is-still-appealing/article6787110.ece |archive-date=14 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Dorikithe Dongalu]]''
|Nandan Rao / Agneyam{{efn|name=names}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 March 1965 |title=చిత్ర సమీక్ష: దొరికితే దొంగలు |language=te |trans-title=Film review: Dorikithe Dongalu |work=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/document/FKK/ |url-status=live |access-date=6 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130637/https://indiancine.ma/document/FKK/ |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Mangamma Sapatham (1965 film)|Mangamma Sapatham]]''
|Raja / Vijay{{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 1965 |title=చిత్ర సమీక్ష: మంగమ్మ శపథం |language=te |trans-title=Film review: Mangamma Sapatham |work=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/document/FOJ |url-status=live |access-date=6 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130637/https://indiancine.ma/document/FOJ |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Satya Harishchandra (1965 Telugu film)|Satya Harischandra]]''
|[[Harishchandra|Harishchandrudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prakasham |first=Vasiraju |date=30 April 1965 |title=సత్య హరిశ్చంద్ర 'సమీక్ష' |language=te |trans-title=Satya Harischandra 'Review' |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/document/FWP |url-status=live |access-date=6 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130707/https://indiancine.ma/document/FWP |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Thodu Needa]]''
|Gopi
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=15 December 2017 |title=Thodu Needa (1965) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/thodu-needa-1965/article21669108.ece |url-status=live |access-date=10 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609134814/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/thodu-needa-1965/article21669108.ece |archive-date=9 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Prameelarjuneeyam]]''
| [[Arjuna|Arjunudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 June 1965 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: ప్రమీలార్జునీయం |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Prameelarjuneeyam |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |location=Vijayawada |url=http://pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=46531 |url-status=live |access-date=4 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130734/http://pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=46531 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Devata (1965 film)|Devata]]''
| Prasad
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yashodhara |date=1 August 1965 |title=దేవత |trans-title=Devata |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GBF/Devatha%20(1965)%20Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130642/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GBF/Devatha%20%281965%29%20Review.jpg |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Veerabhimanyu]]''
| [[Krishna|Krishnudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=10 November 2017 |title=VEERABHIMANYU (1965) |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/veerabhimanyu-1965/article20104073.ece |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130649/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/veerabhimanyu-1965/article20104073.ece |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Visala Hrudayalu]]''
|Shankar
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=M. S. M. |date=12 September 1965 |title=చిత్ర సమీక్ష: విశాల హృదయులు |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GFR/980,1,2550,845e |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130715/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GFR/980,1,2550,845e |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[C. I. D. (1965 film)|C. I. D.]]''
|Ravi
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 September 1965 |title=విజయ వారి సి ఐ డి |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GAP/0,0,1535,825 |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130644/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GAP/0,0,1535,825 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aada Brathuku]]''
|Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yashodhara |date=14 November 1965 |title=ఆడ బ్రతుకు |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/FZJ/0,0,2550,1650 |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130645/https://indiancine.ma/documents/FZJ/0,0,2550,1650 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="12" |1966
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam]]''
| [[Duryodhana|Duryodhanudu]] / [[Krishna|Krishnudu]]{{efn|name=char}}
| Also producer and screenwriter
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnamoorthy |first=Suresh |date=15 January 2016 |title=An NTR classic that defies time |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/An-NTR-classic-that-defies-time/article14001275.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130759/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/An-NTR-classic-that-defies-time/article14001275.ece |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Palnati Yuddham (1966 film)|Palnati Yudham]]''
| Palnati Brahmanaidu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="13thawardPDF">{{Cite web |title=13th National Film Awards |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/13th_NFA.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008121223/http://dff.nic.in/2011/13th_NFA.pdf |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=15 September 2011 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Shakuntala (1966 film)|Shakuntala]]''
|[[Dushyanta|Dushyantudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Thurlapati |date=27 March 1966 |title=చిత్ర సమీక్ష: శకుంతల |language=te |trans-title=Film review: Sakuntala |work=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/document/GDK/0,403,1859,1228 |url-status=live |access-date=5 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130648/https://indiancine.ma/document/GDK/0,403,1859,1228 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Paramanandayya Sishyula Katha]]''
|Nandivardhana Maharaju
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yashodhara |date=19 April 1966 |title=పరమానందయ్య శిష్యుల కథ |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GDA/0,313,2550,1963 |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130813/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GDA/0,313,2550,1963 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Srikakula Andhra Maha Vishnu Katha]]''
|Vallabha Devudu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yashodhara |date=8 May 1966 |title=ఆంధ్ర మహా విశువు కథ |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GDA/0,0,2550,1650 |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130808/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GDA/0,0,2550,1650 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Mangalasutram (1966 film)|Mangalasutram]]''
| Raju
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Thurlapati |date=22 May 1966 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: మంగళసూత్రం |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Mangalasutram |work=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GOB/Mangala_Suthram_(1966)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214042/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/GOB/Mangala_Suthram_%281966%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aggi Barata]]''
|Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishna |first=Radha |date=5 June 1966 |title=అగ్గి బరట |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GAE/0,0,2550,1688 |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130746/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GAE/0,0,2550,1688 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sangeeta Lakshmi]]''
|Venu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishna |first=Radha |date=17 July 1966 |title=సంగీత లక్ష్మి |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GUR/0,0,2550,1688 |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130733/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GUR/0,0,2550,1688 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Krishna Tulabharam (1966 film)|Sri Krishna Tulabharam]]''
| [[Krishna|Krishnudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yashodhara |date=4 August 1966 |title=శ్రీ కృష్ణ తులాభారం |trans-title=Sri Krishna Tulabharam |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GSY/0,0,2550,1650 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130733/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GSY/0,0,2550,1650 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> <ref name="HT" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pidugu Ramudu]]''
| Ramu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=V. |first=T. |date=23 September 1966 |title=పిడుగు రాముడు |trans-title=Pidugu Ramudu |work=Andhra Sachitra Vaara Patrika |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GRJ/1 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130652/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GRJ/1 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Adugu Jaadalu]]''
|Dr. Vijay
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yashodhara |date=3 October 1966 |title=అడుగు జాడలు |trans-title=Adugu Jaadalu |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GGV/0,0,2550,1650 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130653/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GGV/0,0,2550,1650 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Dr. Anand]]''
|Dr. Anand / Heart Patient{{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Thurlapati |date=16 October 1966 |title=డాక్టర్ ఆనంద్ |trans-title=Doctor Anand |work=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GKF |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130746/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GKF |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="12" | 1967
! scope="row" | ''[[Gopaludu Bhoopaludu]]''
| Raja / Gopi{{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishna |first=Radha |date=22 January 1967 |title=గోపాలుడు భూపాలుడు |trans-title=Gopaludu Bhoopaludu |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GLI/0,0,2550,1688 |url-status=live |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130658/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GLI/0,0,2550,1688 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Nirdoshi (1967 film)|Nirdoshi]]''
| Anand Rao / Sundaram{{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishna |first=Radha |date=1 March 1967 |title=నిర్దోషి |trans-title=Nirdoshi |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GRH/514,0,2084,844 |url-status=live |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130659/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GRH/514,0,2084,844 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |language=te}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kanchu Kota]]''
|Surendra
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yashodhara |date=26 March 1967 |title=కంచు కోట |trans-title=Kanchu Kota |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GNB/0,379,2550,2029 |url-status=live |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130659/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GNB/0,379,2550,2029 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |language=te}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhuvana Sundari Katha]]''
|Chandra Senudu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=R. |first=J. V. |date=22 April 1967 |title=భువనసుందరి కథ |trans-title=Bhuvanasundari Katha |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GJB/374,0,1944,844 |url-status=live |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130752/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GJB/374,0,1944,844 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |language=te}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ummadi Kutumbam]]''
|Ramu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yashodhara |date=26 April 1967 |title=ఉమ్మడి కుటుంబం |trans-title=Ummadi Kutumbam |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GYX/0,0,2550,1650 |url-status=live |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130752/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GYX/0,0,2550,1650 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |language=te}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhama Vijayam]]''
|Jaya Chandra
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Yashodhara |date=2 July 1967 |title=సినిమా: భామ విజయం |trans-title=Cinema: Bhama Vijayam |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GIQ/0,11,2550,1661 |url-status=live |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130705/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GIQ/0,11,2550,1661 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |language=te}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Nindu Manasulu]]''
|Raju
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=R. |first=J. V. |date=20 August 1967 |title=రూపవాణి: నిండు మనుషులు |trans-title=Roopavani: Nindu Manasulu |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GPL/0,0,2550,1688 |url-status=live |access-date=18 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130752/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GPL/0,0,2550,1688 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |language=te}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Stree Janma]]''
|Shekar
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 September 1967 |title=చిత్ర జ్యోతి: స్త్రీ జన్మ |trans-title=Chitra Jyothi:Stree Janma |work=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GPK/0,0,1535,825 |url-status=live |access-date=18 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130711/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GPK/0,0,1535,825 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |language=te}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Krishnavataram]]''
| [[Krishna|Krishnudu]] / [[Vishnu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Srikanth |date=15 October 1967 |title=సినిమా: శ్రీ కృష్ణ అవతారం |trans-title=Cinema: Sri Krishnavataram |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GVM/0,0,2550,1650 |url-status=live |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130711/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GVM/0,0,2550,1650 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |language=te}}</ref> {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=393}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Punyavathi]]''
|Prakash
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Srikanth |date=3 November 1967 |title=సినిమా: పుణ్యవతి |trans-title=Cinema: Punyavathi |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GTJ/0,811,2550,2461 |url-status=live |access-date=18 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130711/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GTJ/0,811,2550,2461 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |language=te}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aada Paduchu]]''
|Satyam
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=390}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Chikkadu Dorakadu (1967 film)|Chikkadu Dorakadu]]''
|Chikkadu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Srikanth |date=24 December 1967 |title=సినిమా: చిక్కడు దొరకడు |trans-title=Cinema: Chikkadu Dorakadu |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GJT/0,65,2550,1715 |url-status=live |access-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130713/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GJT/0,65,2550,1715 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |language=te}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="11" |1968
! scope="row" | ''[[Uma Chandi Gowri Shankarula Katha]]''
| [[Shiva|Sivudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishna |first=Radha |date=21 January 1968 |title=రూప వాని: ఉమా చండి గౌరీ శాంకురాల కథ |trans-title=Roopa Vaani: Uma Chandi Gowri Shankarula Katha |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GYG/0,0,2550,1688 |url-status=live |access-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130712/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GYG/0,0,2550,1688 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |language=te}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Niluvu Dopidi]]''
|Ramu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=2019-01-11 |title=Niluvu Dopidi (1968) |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/niluvu-dopidi-1968/article25966685.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2020-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213090621/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/niluvu-dopidi-1968/article25966685.ece |archive-date=13 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Thalli Prema]]''
|Keshava Rao
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srikanth |date=17 March 1968 |title=సినిమా: తల్లి ప్రేమ |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GWW/1015,197,2550,1022 |url-status=live |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124165432/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GWW/1015,197,2550,1022 |archive-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Tikka Sankaraiah]]''
|Mohan / Shankaram{{efn|name=names}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srikanth |date=7 April 1968 |title=సినిమా: తిక్క శంకరయ్య |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GXR/1015,61,2550,886 |url-status=live |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124165434/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GXR/1015,61,2550,886 |archive-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ramu (1968 film)|Ramu]]''
|Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=2019-04-05 |title=Ramu (1968) |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/ramu-1968/article26741894.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2020-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201192514/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/ramu-1968/article26741894.ece |archive-date=1 February 2020 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kalisochina Adrushtam]]''
|Prakash
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishna |first=Radha |date=18 August 1968 |title=రూప వాని: కలిసొచ్చిన అదృష్టం |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GMC/0,0,2550,1688 |url-status=live |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124165434/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GMC/0,0,2550,1688 |archive-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ninne Pelladata (1968 film)|Ninne Pelladata]]''
|Umapathi
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Kishnanand |date=7 September 1968 |title=చిత్ర సమీక్ష: నిన్నే పెళ్లాడుతా |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GQN/0,81,2565,1806 |url-status=live |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124165434/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GQN/0,81,2565,1806 |archive-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhagya Chakramu]]''
|Vikram
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIW7xzmZ30I |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/aIW7xzmZ30I |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Bhagya Chakram |date=December 30, 2015 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=v9 Videos |access-date=7 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Nene Monaganni]]''
|Vamsi
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Thurlapati |date=6 October 1968 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: నేనే మొనగాన్ని |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Nene Monaganni |work=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GOB/0,0,2550,1650 |url-status=live |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124165500/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GOB/0,0,2550,1650 |archive-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Baghdad Gaja Donga]]''
|Abbu / Prince Faruk{{efn|name=names}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=M. |first=Subbarao |date=27 October 1968 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: బాగ్దాద్ గజ దొంగ |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Baghdad Gaja Donga |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GHJ/0,0,2550,3300 |url-status=live |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124165433/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GHJ/0,0,2550,3300 |archive-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Nindu Samsaram]]''
|Bhaskar
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijaya |date=12 December 1968 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: నిండు సంసారం |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Nindu Samsaram |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GQE/0,0,2550,1650 |url-status=live |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124165444/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GQE/0,0,2550,1650 |archive-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="11" | 1969
! scope="row" | ''[[Varakatnam]]''
| Devasimha
| Also director and writer
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=8 March 2019 |title=Varakatnam (1968) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/varakatnam-1968/article26464030.ece |url-status=live |access-date=8 March 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190308113959/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/varakatnam-1968/article26464030.ece |archive-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> <ref name="16rhawardPDF">{{Cite web |title=State Awards For Films 1955 |url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/99_16thNfacatalogue.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109153304/https://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/99_16thNfacatalogue.pdf |archive-date=9 November 2018 |access-date=7 September 2020 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kathanayakudu (1969 film)|Kathanayakudu]]''
|Saradhi
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Veeraji |date=7 March 1969 |title=చలన చిత్ర సమీక్షలు: కథానాయకుడు |language=te |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GNR/0,0,2565,1725 |url-status=live |access-date=25 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214043/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GNR/0,0,2565,1725 |archive-date=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhale Mastaru]]''
|Madhu / Prof. Madhusudhan Rao{{efn|name=names}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Manikyeswari |first=C. V. R. |date=16 March 2019 |title=ఫ్లాష్ బ్యాక్ @ 50 – భలే మాస్టారు |language=te |trans-title=Flash Back @ 50 – Bhale Mastaru |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-50 |url-status=live |access-date=28 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325115237/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-50 |archive-date=25 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Gandikota Rahasyam]]''
|Raja / Jayanth {{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sikaraju |date=9 May 1969 |title=గండికోట రహస్యం |language=te |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GKT/0,0,1151,1534 |url-status=live |access-date=25 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214128/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GKT/0,0,1151,1534 |archive-date=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vichitra Kutumbam]]''
| Rajashekaram
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Manikyeswari |first=C. V. R. |date=22 December 2018 |title=ఫ్లాష్ బ్యాక్ @ 50 – విచిత్ర కుటుంబం |language=te |trans-title=Flash Back @ 50 – Vichitra Kutumbam |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-60 |url-status=live |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130825/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-60 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kadaladu Vadaladu]]''
|Vikram
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=A.V.S. |first=Rayudu |date=25 July 1969 |title=ఒక సమీక్ష:కదలడు వదలడు |language=te |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/HGY/0,132,4412,3564 |url-status=live |access-date=25 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214104/https://indiancine.ma/documents/HGY/0,132,4412,3564 |archive-date=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Nindu Hrudayalu]]''
|Gopi
|
| style="text-align:center;" |{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=401}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bhale Thammudu (1969 film)|Bhale Thammudu]]''
| Ram Prasad (Paul) / Shyam Prasad{{efn|Rama Rao played two or more characters, with at least one having multiple names.|name=charsnames}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Manikyeswari |first=C. V. R. |date=7 September 2019 |title=ఫ్లాష్ బ్యాక్ @ 50 – భలే తమ్ముడు |language=te |trans-title=Flash Back @ 50 – Bhale Thammudu |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-75 |url-status=live |access-date=17 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014091344/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-75 |archive-date=14 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aggi Veerudu]]''
|Yeshovardhanudu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Manikyeswari |first=C. V. R. |date=12 October 2019 |title=ఫ్లాష్ బ్యాక్ @ 50 – అగ్గివీరుడు |language=te |trans-title=Flash Back @ 50 – Aggi Veerudu |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-80 |url-status=live |access-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014092155/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-80 |archive-date=14 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Mathru Devata]]''
|Srinivasa Rao
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Manikyeswari |first=C. V. R. |date=9 November 2019 |title=ఫ్లాష్ బ్యాక్ @ 50 – మాతృదేవత |language=te |trans-title=Flash Back @ 50 – Mathru Devata |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-84 |url-status=live |access-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110203148/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-84 |archive-date=10 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ekaveera]]''
|Sethupathi
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Manikyeswari |first=C. V. R. |date=23 November 2019 |title=ఫ్లాష్ బ్యాక్ @ 50 – ఏకవీర |language=te |trans-title=Flash Back @ 50 – Ekaveera |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-85 |url-status=live |access-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014093546/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/flashback50-85 |archive-date=14 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="10" | 1970
! scope="row" | ''[[Thalla? Pellama?]]''
| Sudhakar
| Also director, story and scriptwriter
| style="text-align:center;" | {{sfn|Chandrahas|Lakshminarayana|2019|pp=124, 169}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Lakshmi Kataksham]]''
| Kulavardhanudu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanyan |first=K. |date=14 March 2020 |title=లక్ష్మీకటాక్షం (నాకు నచ్చిన సినిమా) |language=te |trans-title=Lakshmi Kataksham (My Favorite Film) |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |location=Kavali |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/others-6451 |url-status=live |access-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127203833/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/others-6451 |archive-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ali Baba 40 Dongalu]]''
| [[Ali Baba]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanyan |first=K. |date=14 March 2020 |title=ఆలీబాబా 40 దొంగలు (నాకు నచ్చిన సినిమా) |language=te |trans-title=Ali Baba 40 Dongalu (My Favorite Film) |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/others-6573 |url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214049/https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2021062406.js?31061708 |archive-date=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pettandarulu]]''
| Chandram
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=V. R. |date=8 May 1970 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: పెత్తందార్లు |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Pettandarulu |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/HPB/Pethandarlu_(1970)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214044/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/HPB/Pethandarlu_%281970%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vijayam Manade]]''
|Pratap
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gandhi |date=24 July 1970 |title=చలన చిత్ర సమీక్షలు: విజయం మనదే |language=te |trans-title=Motion Picture Reviews: Vijayam Manade |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/HUK/Vijayam_Manade_(1970)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214045/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/HUK/Vijayam_Manade_%281970%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Chitti Chellelu]]''
| Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=D. K. N. |date=7 August 1970 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: చిట్టి చెల్లెలు |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Chitti Chellelu |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/HEX/Chitti_Chellelu_(1970)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214045/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/HEX/Chitti_Chellelu_%281970%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Mayani Mamata]]''
| Madhu / Madhavaaiah{{efn|name=names}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Rentala |date=21 August 1970 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: మయిని మమత |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Mayani Mamata |page=6 |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/HLM/Mayani%20Mamatha%20(1970)%20Review.jpg |access-date=30 December 2021 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Marina Manishi]]''
| Raju
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=D. K. N. |date=27 September 1970 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: మారిన మనిషి |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Marina Manishi |page=4 |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/HJZ/Marina_Manishi_(1970)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214046/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/HJZ/Marina_Manishi_%281970%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=26 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kodalu Diddina Kapuram]]''
| Ranga
| Also screenwriter
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=27 September 1970 |title=కోడలు దిద్దిన కాపురం |language=te |trans-title=Kodalu Diddina Kapuram |page=5 |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/HHZ/Kodalu%20Didina%20Kapuram%20(1970)%20Review.jpg |access-date=30 December 2021 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Oke Kutumbham]]''
|Ramu / Rahimu{{efn|name=names}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Jayadeva |first=Rentala |date=2020-12-27 |title=అందరికీ ఒక్కడే దేవుడు! |language=te |trans-title=There is only one god for everyone! |work=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/oke-kutumbham-movie-completes-50-years-1334950 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231140052/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/oke-kutumbham-movie-completes-50-years-1334950 |archive-date=31 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="11" |1971
! scope="row" | ''Thirudatha Thirudan''
|
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] film
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thirudatha Thirudan (1971)|url=https://www.moviebuff.com/thirudatha-thirudan |work=Movie Buff}}</ref>
|- -->
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Krishna Vijayamu]]''
| [[Krishna|Krishnudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Nindu Dampathulu]]''
|Ramu
|
|
|-
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rajakota Rahasyam]]''
|Vijay
|
|
|-
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Jeevitha Chakram]]''
|Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news|date=4 April 1971 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: జీవితచక్రం |author=I. S. |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Jeevitha Chakram |page=5 |work=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/HGK/Jeevitha%20Chakram%20(1971)%20Review.jpg |access-date=11 April 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Raithu Bidda (1971 film)|Raithu Bidda]]''
| Ramu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news|date=6 May 1971 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: రైతు బిడ |author=Bharadvaja |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Raitu Bidda |page=4 |work=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/HRC/Raithu%20Bidda%20(1971)%20Review.jpg |access-date=10 April 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kannan Karunai]]''
| [[Krishna|Krishnan]]
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film; also director
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite magazine |date=20 June 1971 |title=கண்ணன் கருணை |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1971/jun/20-06-1971/p4.jpg |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |page=4 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220726111310/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1971/jun/20-06-1971/p4.jpg |archive-date=26 July 2022 |access-date=12 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Adrusta Jathakudu]]''
|Prasad
|
|
|-
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Chinnanati Snehitulu]]''
|Srinivasa Rao
|
|
|-
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pavitra Hrudayalu]]''
|Ravindra Babu
|
|
|-
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]''
| [[Rama|Ramudu]] / [[Krishna|Krishnudu]] / [[Ravana|Ravanudu]]{{efn|name=names}}
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1972
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Krishnanjaneya Yuddham]]''
| [[Krishna|Krishnudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="HT" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kula Gowravam]]''
|Raja Ramachandra Prasad / Raghunath Prasad / Shankar{{efn|name=char}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Badi Panthulu]]''
| Raghava Rao
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=2 March 2020 |title=BADI PANTHULU (1972) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/ntr-and-anjali-devi-starrer-badi-panthulu-has-timeless-appeal/article30963135.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2020-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114135332/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/ntr-and-anjali-devi-starrer-badi-panthulu-has-timeless-appeal/article30963135.ece |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1973
! scope="row" | ''Errakota Veerudu''
| Pratap
| Voiced by Dasaratha Ramireddy
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2019 |title=పాత బంగారం:కనపడేది ఎన్టీఆర్..కానీ గొంతు వేరే వారిది |trans-title=Faded gold: NTR appears... but with a different voice |url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/ntr-s-voice-is-dubbed-for-errakota-veerudu-movie-q0ggs4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124165445/https://telugu.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/ntr-s-voice-is-dubbed-for-errakota-veerudu-movie-q0ggs4 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |access-date=2020-11-22 |website=[[Asianet News]] |location=Hyderabad |language=te |agency=Tirumala AN}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Dabbuki Lokam Dasoham]]''
| Ramu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Desoddharakulu]]''
| Gopal Rao
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news|date=6 April 1973 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: దేశోద్ధారకులు |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Desoddharakulu |page=5 |work=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/HZY/Desodarakulu%20(1973)%20Review.jpg |access-date=29 December 2021 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Dhanama? Daivama?]]''
| Ramachandra Rao
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Rentala |date=1 June 1973 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: ధనమా? దైవమా? |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Dhanama? Daivama? |page=6 |work=[[Andhra Prabha]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/IBW/Dhanama%20Dhaivama%20(1973)%20Review.jpg |access-date=29 December 2021 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Devudu Chesina Manushulu (1973 film)|Devudu Chesina Manushulu]]''
| Ramakrishna
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Veera |date=12 August 1973 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: దేవుడు చేసిన మనుషులు |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Devudu Chesina Manushulu |page=4 |work=[[Visalaandhra]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/IBE/Devudu%20Chesina%20Manusulu%20(1973)%20Review.jpg |access-date=21 June 2024 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vaade Veedu]]''
| Kondadu / Rambabu{{efn|name=names}}
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1974
! scope="row" | ''[[Palleturi Chinnodu]]''
| Lakhchanna
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ammayi Pelli]]''
|Raghuram
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Manushullo Devudu]]''
|Raja / Rajashekaram
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Tatamma Kala]]''
|Ramaiah / Musalaiah{{efn|name=char}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Nippulanti Manishi (1974 film)|Nippulanti Manishi]]''
|Inspector Vijay
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Deeksha]]''
|Raja
|
|
|-
| rowspan="8" | 1975
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Ramanjaneya Yuddham]]''
| [[Rama|Ramudu]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=422}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kathanayakuni Katha]]''
|Ramu
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Samsaram (1975 film)|Samsaaram]]''
|Raghava Rao
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ramuni Minchina Ramudu]]''
|Dr. Ramu / Major Raghu{{efn|name=char}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Annadammula Anubandham]]''
|Vijay
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Maya Maschindra (1975 film)|Maya Maschindra]]''
| [[Vishnu|Vishnuvu]] / Saint Maschindra{{efn|name=names}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Teerpu]]''
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Eduruleni Manishi (1975 film)|Eduruleni Manishi]]''
|Vijay
|
|
|-
| rowspan="8" | 1976
! scope="row" | ''[[Vemulawada Bheemakavi (film)|Vemulawada Bheemakavi]]''
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aradhana (1976 film)|Aradhana]]''
| Gopi
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Manushulanta Okkate]]''
| Ramu / "Raja" Rajendrababu{{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=8 April 2021 |title=కమర్షియల్‌ విప్లవనాదం.. మనుషులంతా ఒక్కటే |trans-title=Commercial Revolution.. Manushulanta Okkate |work=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/manushulanta-okkate-movie-completes-45-years-1355395 |url-status=live |access-date=8 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407224422/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/manushulanta-okkate-movie-completes-45-years-1355395 |archive-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Magaadu (1976 film)|Magaadu]]''
| Vijay
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Neram Nadi Kadu Akalidi]]''
| Vikram
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bangaru Manishi]]''
|Venu
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Maa Daivam]]''
|Raju
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Manchiki Maro Peru]]''
|Jayanth
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1977
! scope="row" | ''[[Daana Veera Soora Karna]]''
| [[Karna|Karnudu]] / [[Krishna|Krishnudu]] / [[Duryodhana|Duryodhanudu]]{{efn|name=char}}
| Also director, producer and writer
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="IE">{{Cite news |date=29 May 2020 |title=Remembering NT Rama Rao on his 97th birth anniversary |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/ntr-97th-birth-anniversary-rare-photos-6430749/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812131629/https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/ntr-97th-birth-anniversary-rare-photos-6430749/9/ |archive-date=12 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Adavi Ramudu (1977 film)|Adavi Ramudu]]''
| Ramu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sebastian |first=Shevlin |date=31 May 1970 |title=Location Diaries : Krantiveera Sangoli Rayanna & Adavi Ramudu |work=[[Cinema Express]] |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/columns/2017/may/31/location-diaries--krantiveera-sangoli-rayanna--adavi-ramudu-378.html |url-status=live |access-date=2020-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130715/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/columns/2017/may/31/location-diaries--krantiveera-sangoli-rayanna--adavi-ramudu-378.html |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Edureeta]]''
| Madhu
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Chanakya Chandragupta]]''
| [[Chandragupta Maurya]]
|Also director, producer and writer
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=8 September 2019 |title=Top 8 Telugu Movies Featuring NTR And ANR |work=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi Post]] |url=https://english.sakshi.com/entertainment/2019/09/08/top-8-telugu-movies-featuring-ntr-and-anr |url-status=live |access-date=2020-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124165445/https://english.sakshi.com/entertainment/2019/09/08/top-8-telugu-movies-featuring-ntr-and-anr |archive-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Maa Iddari Katha]]''
| Satyam / Vishwam{{efn|name=char}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Yamagola]]''
| Satyam
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Bhrugubanda|2018|pp=73–75}}
|-
| rowspan="11" | 1978
! scope="row" | ''[[Sati Savitri (1978 film)|Sati Savitri]]''
| [[Yama (Hinduism)|Yamudu]]
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Melu Kolupu]]''
|Shekhar
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Akbar Salim Anarkali]]''
| [[Akbar]]
| Also director and screenwriter
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=434}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rama Krishnulu]]''
|Ramu
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Yuga Purushudu]]''
|Rajesh / Kalyan
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rajaputra Rahasyam]]''
|Gajendra
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Simha Baludu]]''
|Rajendra
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Rama Pattabhishekam]]''
| [[Rama|Ramudu]] / [[Ravana|Ravanudu]]{{efn|name=char}}
| Also director, story and scriptwriter
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=439}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''Sahasavanthudu''
|Raghu
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Lawyer Viswanath]]''
|Lawyer Viswanath
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[KD No:1]]''
| Krishna
|
|
|-
| rowspan="8" | 1979
! scope="row" | ''[[Driver Ramudu]]''
| Ramu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Palakodeti |date=18 February 1979 |title=లారీ రాముడు |trans-title="Lorry" Ramudu |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/JCD/Driver%20Ramudu%20(1979)%20Review.jpg |url-status=live |magazine=Sitara |language=te |publisher=[[Ramoji Group]] |page=17 |access-date=2025-11-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Maavari Manchitanam]]''
| Naresh Dutt / Amit Roy{{efn|name=names}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite magazine |author=Avarasaraala |first=Anandarao |date=25 March 1979 |title=సినేమరివ్యూ: మగవాడి మంచితనం |trans-title=Film Review: The Goodness of Masculinity |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/JGL/Maa%20Vaari%20Manchithanam%20(1979)%20Review.jpg |url-status=live |magazine=Sitara |language=te |publisher=[[Ramoji Group]] |page=17 |access-date=2025-11-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Madvirata Parvam]]''
| [[Krishna|Krishnudu]] / [[Arjuna|Arjunudu]] / [[Duryodhana|Duryodhanudu]] / [[Kichaka|Kichakudu]]{{efn|name=char}}
| Also director, producer and screenwriter
| style="text-align:center;" | {{sfn|Narayan|1983|p=79}} <ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkateshwaru |first=Kurmachalanam |date=20 November 2017 |title=శ్రీమద్విరాట పర్వం(నాకు నచ్చిన సినిమా) |language=te |trans-title=Sri Madvirata Parvam (My Favorite Movie) |work=[[Andhra Bhoomi]] |location=Karimnagar |url=http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/others-1938 |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130720/http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/content/others-1938 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vetagaadu]]''
| Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;" |{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=443}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Tiger (1979 film)|Tiger]]''
|“Tiger" Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Sudhama |date=11 May 1981 |title=[హి] రోమాటిక్ కిత్రం |trans-title=[Hey] Romantic Film |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/JOI/Tiger%20(1979)%20Review.jpg |url-status=live |magazine=Sitara |language=te |publisher=[[Ramoji Group]] |page=15 |access-date=2021-02-02}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sri Tirupati Venkateswara Kalyanam]]''
| [[Venkateswara|Venkateswara Swamy]]
| Also director
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2020 |title=NTR NBK ఎన్టీఆర్‌, బాలకృష్ణ కాంబినేషన్‌లో వచ్చిన సినిమాలు ఇవే.. |trans-title=NTR NBK: NTR and Balakrishna came combined in these films.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/ntr-nandamuri-taraka-ramarao-act-with-his-son-balakrishna-combination-movies-ta-526062-page-15.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130715/https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/ntr-nandamuri-taraka-ramarao-act-with-his-son-balakrishna-combination-movies-ta-526062-page-15.html |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=2020-10-08 |website=[[Network18 Group|News18 Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2020 |title=బాలకృష్ణ గురించి ఈ సంచలన నిజాలు తెలుసా.. |trans-title=Do you know these sensational facts about Balakrishna.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/happy-birthday-nandamuri-balakrishna-do-you-know-facts-about-balayya-ta-533370.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130755/https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/happy-birthday-nandamuri-balakrishna-do-you-know-facts-about-balayya-ta-533370.html |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=2020-10-08 |website=[[Network18 Group|News18 Telugu]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Srungara Ramudu]]''
|Rajaram
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |author=P. S. |date=28 November 1979 |title=చిత్ర సమీక్ష: శృంగార రాముడు |language=te |trans-title=File Review: Srungara Ramudu |page=5 |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |url=https://archive.org/details/ANDHRAPATRIKA28111979/page/n3/mode/2up |url-status=live |access-date=27 November 2025 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Yugandhar]]''
| Yugandhar / Vijay{{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=443}}
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1980
! scope="row" | ''[[Challenge Ramudu]]''
| Vijayaram
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkatrao |date=17 January 1980 |title=ఛాలెంజి రాముడు |language=te |trans-title=Challenge Ramudu |page=4 |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/IZQ/Challenge_Ramudu_(1980)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=2 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207161224/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/IZQ/Challenge_Ramudu_(1980)_Review.jpg |archive-date=7 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Circus Ramudu]]''
| Ramu / Raja{{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=V. R. |date=9 March 1980 |title=చిత్రసమీక్ష: సర్కస్ రాముడు |language=te |trans-title=Film Review: Circus Ramudu |work=[[Andhra Patrika]] |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/IWN/Circus_Ramudu_(1980)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |access-date=2 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206124942/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/IWN/Circus_Ramudu_(1980)_Review.jpg |archive-date=6 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aatagadu]]''
| Gopi
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Palakodeti |date=11 May 1981 |title=ఆటగాడు |trans-title=Aatagadu |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/ISR/Aatagadu_(1980)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |magazine=Sitara |language=te |publisher=[[Ramoji Group]] |page=17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214047/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/ISR/Aatagadu_%281980%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=26 June 2021 |access-date=2021-02-02}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Superman (1980 film)|Superman]]''
| Raja
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pal |first=Deepanjana |date=31 October 2013 |title=Meet Krrish's predecessors: Nagin, Ajooba and Superman |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/meet-krrishs-predecessors-nagin-ajooba-and-superman-1202615.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208155350/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/meet-krrishs-predecessors-nagin-ajooba-and-superman-1202615.html |archive-date=8 February 2021 |website=[[Firstpost]] |accessdate=2021-02-02}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rowdy Ramudu Konte Krishnudu]]''
| Ramu
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sardar Papa Rayudu]]''
| Sardar Paparayudu / Inspector Ramu{{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Srinivas|2006|p=12}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sarada Ramudu]]''
| Madhav
|
|
|-
| rowspan="9" | 1981
! scope="row" | ''[[Prema Simhasanam]]''
| Raja / Anand Varma{{efn|name=char}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''Gaja Donga''
| Raja / Krishna{{efn|name=char}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''Evaru Devudu''
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Tirugu Leni Manishi]]''
|Raja
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Satyam Shivam]]''
| Shivam
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Viswaroopam (1981 film)|Viswaroopam]]''
| Viswam / Chittaiah{{efn|name=char}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aggi Ravva]]''
| Ramu
| Also producer
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Bhaskar |first=Mynampati |author-link=Mynampati Bhaskar |date=30 August 1981 |title=అగ్గిరవ్వ |trans-title=Aggi Ravva |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/ISU/Aggi_Ravva_(1981)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |magazine=Sitara |language=te |publisher=[[Ramoji Group]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214046/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/ISU/Aggi_Ravva_%281981%29_Review.jpg |archive-date=26 June 2021 |access-date=2021-01-30}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kondaveeti Simham]]''
| S. P. Ranjith Kumar / Ramu{{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Srinivas|2006|p=12}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Maha Purushudu]]''
| Vijay
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Shihari |first=Gudipudi |date=6 December 1981 |title=మహాపురుషుడు |trans-title=Maha Purushudu |url=https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/IQQ/Maha_Purushudu_(1981)_Review.jpg |url-status=live |magazine=Sitara |language=te |publisher=[[Ramoji Group]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204065308/https://media.indiancine.ma/documents/IQQ/Maha_Purushudu_(1981)_Review.jpg |archive-date=4 February 2021 |access-date=2021-01-30}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1982
! scope="row" | ''[[Anuraga Devatha]]''
|Ramu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kaliyuga Ramudu]]''
|Ramu
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Justice Chowdary]]''
| Justice R. K. Chowdary / Ramu{{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Srinivas|2006|p=12}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bobbili Puli]]''
| Major Chakradhar
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Srinivas|2006|p=12}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Vayyari Bhamalu Vagalamari Bhartalu]]''
|Peddababu Prabhakar
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Naa Desam]]''
|Bharat
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=190}} <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpmJ0XZJ-6c |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/fpmJ0XZJ-6c |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Naa Desam |date=20 March 2015 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=Ganesh Videos |access-date=27 December 2020 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1983
! scope="row" | ''[[Simham Navvindi]]''
|Narasimham
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Chanda Sasanudu]]''
| Hari Chandra Prasad / Raja{{efn|name=char}}
| Also director and writer
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Amarnath K. |date=15 July 1983 |title=Chandasasanudu, starring N.T. Rama Rao, is a typical formula film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19830715-chandasasanudu-starring-n.t.-rama-rao-is-a-typical-formula-film-770825-2013-07-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130720/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19830715-chandasasanudu-starring-n.t.-rama-rao-is-a-typical-formula-film-770825-2013-07-18 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=2020-11-04 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
|-
| 1984
! scope="row" | ''[[Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra]]''
| [[Potuluri Veerabrahmam]] / [[Gautama Buddha|Buddhudu]] / [[Adi Shankara]] / [[Ramanuja]] / [[Vemana]]{{efn|name=char}}
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Chandrahas|Lakshminarayana|2019|p=170}} <ref name="tnm" />
|-
| 1991
! scope="row" | ''[[Brahmarshi Viswamitra]]''
| [[Vishvamitra|Viswamitrudu]] / [[Ravana|Ravanudu]]{{efn|name=char}}
| Also Director / Story/ Screenwriter / Editor
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Menon |first=Amarnath K. |date=15 July 1989 |title=NTR's film Brahmarishi Viswamitra sparks off tussle between Telugu Desam and Congress(I) |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19890715-ntrs-film-brahmarishi-viswamitra-sparks-off-tussle-between-telugu-desam-and-congressi-816266-1989-07-15 |url-status=live |magazine=[[India Today]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626214049/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19890715-ntrs-film-brahmarishi-viswamitra-sparks-off-tussle-between-telugu-desam-and-congressi-816266-1989-07-15 |archive-date=26 June 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> {{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=190}}
|-
| 1992
! scope="row" | ''[[Samrat Ashoka]]''
| [[Ashoka]] / [[Chanakya]]{{efn|name=char}}
| Also Director / Story / Screenwriter / Editor
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Chandrahas|Lakshminarayana|2019|p=548}} <ref name="ITSA1">{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Amarnath K. |date=31 October 1991 |title=Waffling between films and politics, Telugu Desam chief NTR drifts away from National Front |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19911031-waffling-between-films-and-politics-telugu-desam-chief-ntr-drifts-away-from-national-front-814992-1991-10-31 |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130828/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19911031-waffling-between-films-and-politics-telugu-desam-chief-ntr-drifts-away-from-national-front-814992-1991-10-31 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> <ref name="ITSA2">{{Cite news |last=Mannan |first=M. A. |title=N.T. Rama Rao's Samrat Asoka flops badly |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19920815-n.t.-rama-rao-samrat-asoka-flops-badly-766683-2013-01-02 |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130718/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19920815-n.t.-rama-rao-samrat-asoka-flops-badly-766683-2013-01-02 |archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1993
! scope="row" | ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1993 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]''
| Major Chandrakanth
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2020 |title=When Sr NTR paid tribute to four freedom fighters in a song from 'Major Chandrakanth' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/when-sr-ntr-paid-tribute-to-four-freedom-fighters-in-a-song-from-major-chandrakanth-873244.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130719/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/when-sr-ntr-paid-tribute-to-four-freedom-fighters-in-a-song-from-major-chandrakanth-873244.html |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=16 August 2020 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 1993 |title=N.T. Rama Rao all set to blaze silver screen with two new Telugu films |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19930115-n-t-rama-rao-all-set-to-blaze-silver-screen-with-two-new-telugu-films-810571-1993-01-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130853/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19930115-n-t-rama-rao-all-set-to-blaze-silver-screen-with-two-new-telugu-films-810571-1993-01-15 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |access-date=16 August 2020 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Srinatha Kavi Sarvabhowmudu]]''
| [[Srinatha]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Sfn|Chandrahas|Lakshminarayana|2019|p=549}}
|}

== Off-screen roles ==

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Story
! scope="col" | Screenplay
! scope="col" | Direction
! scope="col" | Editor
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|1961 || ''[[Seeta Rama Kalyanam (1960 film)|Seetharama Kalyanam]]''
|
|
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|1962 ||''[[Gulebakavali Katha]]''
|
|
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|1966 || ''[[Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam]]''
|
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|1967 || ''[[Ummadi Kutumbam]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|
|-
|1969 || ''[[Varakatnam]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|1970 || ''[[Thalla? Pellama?]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|1970 || ''[[Kodalu Diddina Kapuram]]''
|
|{{yes}}
|
|
|
|-
|1971 || ''[[Kannan Karunai]]''
|
|
|{{yes}}
|
|Tamil film
|-
|1972 || ''[[Kula Gowravam]]''
|
|{{yes}}
|
|
|
|-
|1974 || ''[[Tatamma Kala]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}||
|
|-
|1976 || [[Vemulawada Bheemakavi (film)|''Vemulawada Bheemakavi'']]
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|
|-
|1977 || ''[[Daana Veera Soora Karna]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|1977 || ''[[Chanakya Chandragupta]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|1978 || ''[[Akbar Salim Anarkali]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|1978 || ''[[Sri Rama Pattabhishekam]]''
|
|
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|1979 || ''[[Sri Madvirata Parvam]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|1979 || ''[[Sri Tirupati Venkateswara Kalyanam]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|1983 || ''[[Chanda Sasanudu]]''
|
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|1984 || ''[[Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|1991 || ''[[Brahmarshi Viswamitra]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|1992 || ''[[Samrat Ashoka]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|}

== Production credits ==

{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Film
|-
|1953
|''[[Pichi Pullayya]]''
|-
|1954
|''[[Thodu Dongalu (1954 film)|Thodu Dongalu]]''
|-
|1955
|[[Jayasimha (1955 film)|''Jayasimha'']]
|-
|1957
|''[[Panduranga Mahatyam]]''
|-
|1961
|''[[Seeta Rama Kalyanam (1960 film)|Seetharama Kalyanam]]''
|-
|1962
|''[[Gulebakavali Katha]]''
|-
|1966
|''[[Sri Krishna Pandaveeyam]]''
|-
|1967
|''[[Ummadi Kutumbam]]''
|-
|1969
|''[[Varakatnam]]''
|-
|1970
|''[[Thalla? Pellama?]]''
|-
|1970
|''[[Kodalu Diddina Kapuram]]''
|-
|1971
|''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]''
|-
|1972
|''[[Kula Gowravam]]''
|-
|1974
|''[[Tatamma Kala]]''
|-
|1975
|''[[Vemulawada Bheemakavi (film)|Vemulawada Bheemakavi]]''
|-
|1977
|''[[Daana Veera Soora Karna]]''
|-
|1977
|''[[Chanakya Chandragupta]]''
|-
|1978
|''[[Sri Rama Pattabhishekam]]''
|-
|1979
|''[[Sri Madvirata Parvam]]''
|-
|1979
|''[[Sri Tirupati Venkateswara Kalyanam]]''
|-
|1980
|''[[Rowdy Ramudu Konte Krishnudu]]''
|-
|1981
|''[[Aggi Ravva]]''
|-
|1982
|''[[Anuraga Devatha]]''
|-
|1983
|''[[Simham Navvindi]]''
|-
|1983
|''[[Chanda Sasanudu]]''
|-
|1984
|''[[Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra]]''
|-
|1991
|''[[Brahmarshi Viswamitra]]''
|-
|1992
|''[[Samrat Ashoka]]''
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bhrugubanda |first=Uma Maheswari |url=https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780199487356.001.0001/oso-9780199487356 |title=Deities and Devotees: Cinema, Religion, and Politics in South India |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-19-948735-6 |location=New Delhi |doi=10.1093/oso/9780199487356.001.0001 |oclc=1079179346 |access-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124165514/https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780199487356.001.0001/oso-9780199487356 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Chandrahas |first1=K. |title=NTR: A Biography |last2=Lakshminarayana |first2=K. |publisher=CLS Publishers LLP |year=2019 |isbn=978-8-19-400310-6 |location=Hyderabad}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kandula |first=Ramesh |publisher=[[Ebury Publishing|Ebury Press]] |title=Maverick Messiah: A Political Biography of N.T. Rama Rao |date=2021 |isbn=978-0-670-09393-9 |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |oclc=1237107554 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Lyden |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEGMAgAAQBAJ |title=The Routledge Companion to Religion and Film |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-415-60187-0 |location=London |oclc=237881008 |access-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130721/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEGMAgAAQBAJ |archive-date=14 November 2020 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book |last=Narayan |first=S. Venkat |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |title=NTR: A Biography |date=1983 |isbn=0-7069-2404-5 |location=New Delhi |oclc=10432404}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |url=https://indiancine.ma/texts/indiancine.ma%3AEncyclopedia_of_Indian_Cinema/text.pdf |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author-link2=Paul Willemen |orig-date=1994}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Srinivas |first=S. V. |date=2006 |title=Persistence of the Feudal: Star and Film Form in Post 1970s Telugu Cinema |url=https://jmionline.org/article/persistence_of_the_feudal_star_and_film_form_in_post_1970s_telugu_cinema |url-status=live |journal=Journal of the Moving Image |location=Kolkata |publisher=Department of Film Studies, [[Jadavpur University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130720/https://jmionline.org/article/persistence_of_the_feudal_star_and_film_form_in_post_1970s_telugu_cinema |archive-date=14 November 2020}}
{{Refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, N. T. Rama}}
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]

Shenaz Treasury

2026-03-24T17:11:50Z

Samantahfp:

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shenaz Treasury
| image = Shenaz Treasuryvala graces the Polo match (02).jpg
| caption = Treasury in 2018
| birth_name = Shenaz Treasurywala
| birth_date = {{ birth_ date age|1981|6|29|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| years_active = 2001–2021
| alma_mater = [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]]
| occupation = Actress
}}

'''Shenaz Treasurywala''' is an Indian actress and travel vlogger.

== Career ==
Discovered by a photographer during her first year in college, her first modeling assignment was for the soft drink [[Gold Spot]].<ref name="TIVV">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/11128.cms |title=Veejays with a vengeance! |accessdate=10 April 2007 |date=8 June 2003 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> She also did [[advertising]] work for [[Akai]] and [[Philips]] before [[MTV Networks Asia]] hired her to work as a [[VJ (media personality)|VJ]] on the ''[[MTV's Most Wanted]]'' program.<ref name="TIVV" /><ref name="TITMW">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/484591.cms |title=Treasured and most wanted! |accessdate=10 April 2007 |last=Vashisht |first=Pooja |date=9 February 2004 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Her acting debut was in the 2001 [[Telugu film]] ''[[Eduruleni Manishi (2001 film)|Eduruleni Manishi]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ei_dnbzJByg |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/Ei_dnbzJByg |archive-date=15 December 2021 |url-status=live |title=Eduruleni Manishi – Nadumunu Chooste jarade Song |date=24 August 2010 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> followed by the 2003 [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Ishq Vishk]]'',<ref name="TISA">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad-times/straight-answers/articleshow/2708.cms |title=Straight Answers |accessdate=10 April 2007 |last=Dhattiwala |first=Raheel |date=3 June 2003 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> which earned her a nomination for the best supporting actress award by the [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Film Awards]].<ref>[[49th Filmfare Awards]]</ref> With her lifelong love of travel,<ref name="TITMW" /><ref name="TIBTFM">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2708.cms |title=Bollywood is too filmi for me |accessdate=10 April 2007 |last=Iyer |first=Sandhya |date=28 July 2003 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> she wrote travel articles for ''[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]'', ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]'', and ''[[Femina (India)|Femina]]''.<ref name="TCCS">{{cite web |url=http://travel.discovery.com/tv/culture-shock/shenaz-bio.html |title=Shenaz: Culture Shock |accessdate=9 April 2007 |publisher=[[Travel Channel]], [[Discovery Communications]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517020427/http://travel.discovery.com/tv/culture-shock/shenaz-bio.html |archivedate=17 May 2007 }}</ref> As of the early 2010s, Treasurywala resides in [[Mumbai]], India and serves as the host of ''Culture Shock'' on the [[Travel Channel]].<ref name="TCCS" /> In 2011, she got a recurring role as Rama Patel on the American soap opera ''[[One Life to Live]]''. A few months later, she signed a contract with the show until its cancellation in 2012 and then returned as a contract player when the show started airing its webisodes in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.soapoperadigest.com/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128161350/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/news/breaking/ |url-status=dead |title=Soap Opera Digest: Your No. 1 Source For Soap News |archivedate=28 January 2011 |website=Soap Opera Digest}}</ref>

Treasury returned to India to visit her family and was offered a leading role in ''Ishq Vishk'' after meeting director [[Ken Ghosh]] at a Mumbai night club.<ref name="TISA" /><ref name="TIBTFM" />

In 2009, she appeared in the films ''Aagey Se Right'' and ''Radio''. She wrote the screenplay for and appeared in the 2011 movie ''[[Luv Ka The End]]''. She also appeared in the movie ''[[Delhi Belly (film)|Delhi Belly]]''. She is part of the film ''[[Main Aur Mr. Riight]]''.

During 2015, she was a contributor and occasional panelist on ''[[The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore]]'' on [[Comedy Central]] in the United States.<ref name=ContributorsEW>{{cite magazine |last1=Rivera |first1=Joshua |title='The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore' announces its cast of contributors -- exclusive |url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2015/01/09/nightly-show-larry-wilmore-panelists/ |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |accessdate=10 January 2015}}</ref>

In 2017, she appeared in the critically acclaimed indie film ''[[The Big Sick]]'' where she played [[Kumail Nanjiani]]'s sister-in-law.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-30 |title=The Big Sick movie review: Welcome this Anupam Kher film with open arms |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/the-big-sick-movie-review-kumail-nanjiani-zoe-kazan-anupam-kher-michael-showalter-star-rating-4729198/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

She has also hosted All Women Special Wrestling Event "[[WWE Evolution]]" on 28 October 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shenaz Treasury to Host All-women's Special Wrestling Event 'WWE Evolution' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shenaz-treasury-to-host-all-womens-special-wrestling-event-wwe-evolution-1918805.html |website=News18 |date=24 October 2018}}</ref>
In addition to acting, she has now started to share her travel vlogs on [[YouTube]] and Instagram.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-29 |title=B'day Special: VJ, Actress And Now A Vlogger, The Journey Of Shenaz Treasurywala |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/authorbday-special-vj-actress-and-now-a-vlogger-the-journey-of-shenaz-treasurywala-5459509.html |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Social activism ==
In December 2014, days before the release of her film ''[[Main Aur Mr. Riight]]'' (on 12 December), Shenaz Treasurywala wrote an open letter to the most powerful people of India including [[Narendra Modi]], [[Sachin Tendulkar]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Salman Khan]], [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Aamir Khan]] and [[Anil Ambani]] on women's safety in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Shenaz Treasury's open letter to NaMo, Big B, Tendulkar, Khans, Ambani in appeal against rapes |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/7620 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215173328/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/7620 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=10 December 2014 |accessdate=15 December 2014 |ref=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shenaz Treasurywala: India actress in plea to stop rape |work=BBC News |date=12 December 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-30444248 |accessdate=15 December 2014 |ref=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shenaz Treasurywala's Open Letter To NaMo, Sachin, Amitabh & The 3 Khans |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Im-choosy-in-real-life-Shenaz-Treasurywala/articleshow/45476305.cms |work=The Times of India |accessdate=15 December 2014 |ref=12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shenaz Treasurywala Open Letter |url=http://www.timestoday.tv/shenaz-treasurywala-open-letter/ |website=timestoday.tv |publisher=Times Today |accessdate=15 December 2014 |ref=13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shenaz Treasurywala's open letter to PM Modi, Big B, SRK, Salman and Anil Ambani |url=https://in.screen.yahoo.com/salman-khan/shenaz-treasurywala-open-letter-pm-144200206.html |publisher=Yahoo! |accessdate=15 December 2014 |ref=14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Actor Shenaz Treasurywala's open letter to PM, Amitabh Bachchan, SRK |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/actor-shenaz-treasurywalas-open-letter-to-pm-amitabh-bachchan-srk-230796-2014-12-11 |work=India Today |date=11 December 2014 |access-date=15 December 2014 |ref=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Uber Rape Case: Actress Shenaz Treasurywala writes open letter to Narendra Modi, Shah Rukh Khan, Amitabh Bachchan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/uber-rape-case-actress-shenaz-treasurywala-writes-open-letter-to-narendra-modi-shah-rukh-khan-amitabh-bachchan/ |work=The Indian Express |date=11 December 2014 |accessdate=15 December 2014 |ref=17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SHENAZ TREASURYWALA OPEN LETTER |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/topic/shenaz-treasurywala-open-letter |website=movies.ndtv.com/ |publisher=NDTV Movies |accessdate=15 December 2014 |ref=18}}</ref>

== Personal life ==

Her father is a [[Ship transport|merchant marine engineer]],<ref name="TCCS" /> and she was born in a [[Parsi people|Parsi]] family. Treasurywala attended school and college in Mumbai,<ref name="TCCS" /> [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai|St. Xavier's College]].<ref name="TIVV" /> In 2001, she moved to [[New York City]] where she studied [[method acting]] at the [[Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute]].<ref name="TISMWA">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/8298521.cms |title=Shenaz: Most wanted again |accessdate=10 April 2007 |last=Fatima |first=Nishat |date=27 April 2002 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> While in New York, she also took a writing course at [[New York University|NYU]].<ref name="TISMWA" />

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Eduruleni Manishi (2001 film)|Eduruleni Manishi]]'' || Sri || [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film, credited as Shenaz
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Ishq Vishk]]'' || Alisha Sahay || credited as Shenaz
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' || Shalini ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Umar (film)|Umar]]'' || Sapna P. Lakha || rowspan="4" | Credited as Shenaz Treasurywala
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009 || ''[[Aagey Se Right]]'' || Pearl
|-
| ''[[Radio (2009 film)|Radio]]'' || Shanaya Dhingra
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011 || ''[[Luv Ka The End]]'' || Ms. Naaz
|-
| ''[[Delhi Belly (film)|Delhi Belly]]'' || Sonia Mehra ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Main Aur Mr. Riight]]'' || Aliya Raj ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017 || ''[[The Big Sick]]'' || Fatima ||
|-
| ''[[Munna Michael]]'' || Anchor ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Kaalakaandi]]'' || Ayesha ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Americanish]]'' || Ameera || American film
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Ref.
|-
| 2007 || ''Culture Shock'' || Herself/host ||
|-
| 2011–2013 || ''[[One Life to Live]]'' || Rama Patel ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore]]'' || Contributor ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Brown Nation]]'' ||Dimple Parikh ||
|-
|2018
| ''WWE Raw Sunday Dhamaal'' || Herself/host || <ref>{{cite news |date=24 October 2018 |title=Shenaz Treasury to host a special WWE Sunday Dhamaal episode of WWE Evolution |language=en |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/shenaz-treasury-to-host-a-special-wwe-sunday-dhamaal-episode-of-wwe-evolution}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shenaz Treasury to Host All-women's Special Wrestling Event 'WWE Evolution' |work=News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shenaz-treasury-to-host-all-womens-special-wrestling-event-wwe-evolution-1918805.html}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{BH person}}
* {{Instagram}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Treasurywala, Shenaz}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Parsi people]]
[[Category:Parsi people from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:St. Xavier's College, Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute alumni]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate actresses in the United States]]
[[Category:Indian video jockeys]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1981 births]]

Narendra Narayan Yadav

2026-03-23T22:23:59Z

Samantahfp: fixed issues

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder||
| name = Narendra Narayan Yadav
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| office4 = Minister of Minor Water Resources [[Government of Bihar]]
| term_start4 = 2 June 2019
| term_end4 = 16 November 2020
| predecessor4 = [[Dinesh Chandra Yadav (Indian politician)|Dinesh Chandra Yadav]]
| successor4 = [[Santosh Kumar Suman]]
| office2 = [[List of ministers of law of Bihar|Minister of Law]] [[Government of Bihar]]
| term_start2 = 2 June 2019
| term_end2 = 16 November 2020
| predecessor2 = [[Krishna Nandan Prasad Verma]]
| successor2 = [[Ram Surat Rai]]
| term_start3 = 26 November 2010
| term_end3 = 20 November 2015
| predecessor3 = [[Ram Nath Thakur]]
| successor3 = [[Krishna Nandan Prasad Verma]]
| office1 = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Alamnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Alamnagar]]
| term_start1 = 1995
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = Birendra Kumar Singh
| successor1 = |2blankname = Chief Minister| 2namedata = [[Nitish Kumar]] |1blankname = Speakar| 1namedata = [[Nand Kishore Yadav]] [[Prem Kumar (politician)|Prem Kumar]]
| office = Deputy Speaker of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 23 February 2024
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Maheshwar Hazari]]
| successor =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1951|1|16}}
| birth_place = Bala Tola, [[Madhepura]], Bihar, India
| residence = [[Patna]], Bihar
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| otherparty = [[Janata Dal]]
| website =
| alma_mater = Bachelor of Science [[Lalit Narayan Mithila University]] in 1974
| profession = Politician
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Narendra Narayan Yadav''' is an Indian politician who currently serves as Deputy Speaker of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-23 |title=JD(U)’s Narendra Narayan Yadav elected unopposed as Bihar assembly deputy speaker |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/patna/jdus-narendra-narayan-yadav-bihar-assembly-deputy-speaker-9176762/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He was elected to the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Alamnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Alamnagar]] in the 2020 [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] as a member of the [[Janata Dal (United)]]. He also served as the Minister of Law and Minor Water Resources in the [[Sixth Nitish Kumar ministry|Bihar Cabinet]] under [[Sixth Nitish Kumar ministry|Nitish Kumar]] ministry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bihar-cabinet-expansion-8-jd-u-mlas-appointed-ministers/articleshow/69618948.cms|title=Nitish Kumar inducts 8 new ministers in Bihar cabinet|website=economictimes.indiatimes.com|access-date= 2 June 2019}}</ref> He started career in politics from 1967 in his childhood, was also involved in [[JP Movement]] and has been an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Alamnagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Alamnagar]] constituency since 1995. He was appointed as the Pro tem Speaker on 24 November 2025 after the conclusion of 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election to facilitate the oath taking of new MLAs and the election of the new Assembly Speaker [[Prem Kumar (politician)|Dr. Prem Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=JD(U) leader Narendra Yadav appointed Pro-tem speaker of Bihar Assembly|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/bihar-assembly/jdu-leader-narendra-yadav-appointed-pro-tem-speaker-of-bihar-assembly/article70317917.ece/|date=24 November 2025 |website=thehindu.com|language=en}}</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Narendra Narayan}}
[[Category:People from Madhepura district]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1995–2000]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2000–2005]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2005–2010]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]

Sadulpur

2026-03-21T23:10:16Z

Samantahfp: created initial entry initial version

{{Short description|City in Rajasthan, India}}

{{More citations needed|date=May 2010}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sadulpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| imagesize = 300px
| image_alt = Saheed samarak
| image_caption = [[Clock Tower]]
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.64|N|75.38|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Churu district|Churu]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1804
| founder =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| government_type = [[Municipal council|Municipality]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 20
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 479
| population_total = 59193
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Native language
| demographics1_info2 = [[Bagri language|Bagri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 331023
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01559
| registration_plate = RJ-10
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Hisar, Haryana|Hisar]], [[Bhiwani]], [[Rewari]] ([[Haryana]]); [[Sikar]], [[Pilani]], [[Jaipur]] ([[Rajasthan]]); [[New Delhi]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] Constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Churu district|Churu]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[State legislative assemblies of India|Vidhan Sabha]] Constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Sadulpur
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Sadulpur''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sadulpur |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/tags/sadulpur.html |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref> natively known as '''Rajgarh''' is a city, municipality, [[tehsil]] and [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] seat in [[Churu district]] of northern part of [[Rajasthan]] [[States and territories of India|state]] in [[India]]. It was the territory of the [[Gaur (clan)|Gaur]] dynasty later after defeated in war with Shekhawat Rajputs. It lies in [[Shekhawati]] region at an elevation of {{Cvt|239|m}}. To distinguish Rajgarh from several other places with same name, Sadulpur has become a synonym of Rajgarh town's name in recent times.<ref>{{Cite web |last=english |title=Sadulpur City Pin Code - 331023, All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search churu Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/rajasthan/churu/sadulpur-city-pincode-331023.html |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

==History==

=== Construction of fort and founding of town ===
{{see also | Shekhawati#Thikanas_of_Shekhawati | l1= Thikanas of Shekhawati }}

Rajgarh is named after Maharaja Raj Singh I of [[Bikaner]]. It was part of [[Shekhawati]] where [[Shekhawat]] branch of [[Rajput]]s had ruled. ''Great Raj Fort'' was built in 18th century by Maharaja Raj Singh I of Bikaner. Most Muslims in the town had migrated here from [[Narhar]] during the construction of the fort.

===List of Maharajkumars===

The area of Rajgarh was granted by HH Maharao Shri Sir Madho Singh Ji Bahadur in 1930 to his son.
Maharajkumars were:

* Maharajkumar Bijay Singh (1930-1956)
* Maharajkumar Ajaypratap Singh (1956-1967)
* Maharajkumar Baghwatpratap Singh (1967-2000)
* Shri Sahib Anshupratap Singh (2000–present)
* Sahib Jagannath Singh

== Administration ==

Rajgarh is a municipality and city in Churu district of Rajasthan. The Rajgarh city is divided into 40 wards for which elections<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Sadulpur, Rajasthan Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: Sadulpur सीट पर BSP ने हासिल की जीत |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/sadulpur-rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830394-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref> are held every 5 years. In 2011, Rajgarh Municipality had administration over total 9,902 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Municipality limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.

== Demography ==

{{bar box
|title=Rajgarh religion data 2015
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|59.80}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|39.63}}
|caption=Distribution of religions 
Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.5%), [[Christians|Christian]] (0.6%), [[Jain]] (0.42%), others (0.1%) <ref name=CE2 />
}}

In 2011, Rajgarh Municipality had a population of 79,232 of which 30,710 are males while 28,483 are females as per report released by [[2011 Census of India|Census of India 2011]]. The population of children aged 0-6 is 8122 which is 13.72% of total population of Rajgarh (M). In Rajgarh Municipality, [[Sex ratio|Sex Ratio]] is of 927 against state average of 928. Moreover the child sex ratio in Rajgarh is around 880 compared to Rajasthan state average of 888. The literacy rate of Rajgarh city is 72.72% higher than the state average of 66.11%. In Rajgarh, male literacy is around 83.30% while the female literacy rate is 61.41%. Out of the total population, 19,699 were engaged in work or business activity. Of this 15,286 were males while 4,413 were females. In a census survey, the worker is defined as a person who does business, job, service, and cultivator and labor activity. Of the total 19699 working population, 88.96% were engaged in main work while 11.04% of total workers were engaged in marginal work. A large number of skilled and unskilled laborers from Sadulpur are working abroad in places such as [[Dubai]], [[Oman]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]], and [[Saudi Arabia]].
<ref name="CE2">[http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800465-rajgarh-rajasthan.html Census of rajgarh], Census of India, 2011.</ref>

==Geography==

===Topography===

Rajgarh is located at{{Coord|28.36|N|75.24|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Rajgarh.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Rajgarh]</ref> The area is located on [[bagar tract]] which runs along Haryana-Rajasthan border.

===Climate===

The region has record temperatures ranging from below freezing point in the winter to over 50 °C in summer. The District of Churu is also the hottest zone in the country.

==Economy==

The town has a wholesale market for commodity trading. Trading of commodity products is always a hot business for the locals in the small town. Sadulpur's Anaj Mandi serves as a vital point for agri trade for the region with many prominent shops such as Raghav Industries and Mittal Trading Company.

Sadulpur is also famous for delicious sweets. Common Sweets available here are [[Sitta]], [[Peda]], [[Kaju katli]], [[Kalakand]] (Milk cake made from milk / [[Khoa|Mawa]]/[[Khoa]]).

== Education ==
The town has a post-graduate college (Mohta PG College) affiliated to [[University of Bikaner]], Balika Mahavidalya, and Government College, also affiliated to Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner. There are several higher secondary, secondary, and primary schools in Rajgarh, some of them are Mohta Public School, Chandgiram Public School, Senior High Secondary and Lords International School.

== Transport ==

=== Roads ===

Rajgarh is connected to Bikaner, [[Jaipur]], [[Delhi]] and other cities by road. It is about 240 km from Delhi by NH-10 via [[Rohtak]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] (170 km), then needs to take NH-52 on [[Kaithal]]-Hisar-Jodhpur Road (70 km). Shorter route from Delhi is via [[Rohtak]], [[Bhiwani]], [[Bahal, India|Bahal]] (around 210 km).
The National Highway No-52 passing through Rajgarh via Dokwa, Dudhwa Khara, Churu, Fatehpur, Salasar, etc.
The State Highway No-41 passing through Rajgarh via Lambore, [[Jhunjhunu]], etc. Malsisar. A bypass road attaches to NH52 to Taranagar, Bhadra, Hisar road. The [[National Highway 709 (India)|National Highway No-709 Ext]]. also ending at Rajgarh.

=== Rail ===
[[Sadulpur Junction railway station]], named after Maharaja [[Sadul Singh of Bikaner]], is the name of main railway station in Rajgarh, which is the largest railway station in Churu district. It lies on [[Delhi Junction Railway station|Delhi]]-[[Rewari]]-[[Loharu]]-Sadulpur-Churu-[[Bikaner]] rail, Hisar-Sadulpur-Churu-Jodhpur rail and Sriganganagar-Jaipur rail links. Routes have been electrified and Sadulpur rail bypass cabin was constructed to enable goods train to bypass Sadulpur. After 2011, the [[metre gauge]] track was converted to {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]].

Several trains connect Rajgarh and Sadulpur to major cities [[Delhi]], Bikaner, Jaipur, Chennai, [[Lucknow]], [[Degana]], [[Sri Ganganagar]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], [[Hanumangarh]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kolkata]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Howrah]], [[Jammu Tawi]], [[ludhiana]], Guwahati, and [[Pathankot]].

=== Bus routes ===

Bus transportation facility can be availed to [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], [[Kaithal]], [[Jaipur]], [[Pilani]], [[Churu, Rajasthan|Churu]], [[Rohtak]].

=== Airports ===

The nearest international airports are [[New Delhi Airport]], [[Jaipur Airport]]. [[Hisar Airport]] and [[Bikaner Airport]] are two nearby airports.

== Notable people ==

* [[Bimal Jalan]], a former Governor of India's Reserve Bank and [[Rajya Sabha]] member
* [[Devendra Jhajharia]], Paralympic javelin thrower, only Indian to win two gold medals at Paralympics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/rio-paralympics-2016-javelin-thrower-devendra-jhajharia-wins-gold-breaks-world-record-3003408.html|title=Devendra Jhajharia wins second gold, breaks world record at Rio Paralympics 2016 - Firstpost|website=www.firstpost.com|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=September 2016}}
* [[Krishna Poonia]], Padam Shri awardee, Olympian and MLA
* [[Lakshmi Mittal]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-01-31 |title=Mittal's 5-cr gift to Rajasthan hometown |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mittals-5-cr-gift-to-rajasthan-hometown/articleshow/1540527.cms |access-date=2024-06-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> steel tycoon born in tehsil Sadulpur (Rajgarh) of [[Churu district]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.indiatvnews.com/business/india/15-interesting-facts-about-lakshmi-niwas-mittal-6416.html| title = 15 interesting facts about Lakshmi Niwas Mittal {{!}} India News – India TV}} </ref>
* Sajjan Singh Malik was in Indian Army Special Force who got posthumous ''[[Kirti Chakra]]'' for his acts of bravery in fighting with [[Terrorism|terrorists]] on 7 July 2004 in Gundpura village of Baramula district. He killed three terrorists before becoming [[martyr]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-13 |title=10 Heroes of Special Forces Who Gave Their All For Us |url=https://defence.in/threads/10-heroes-of-special-forces-who-gave-their-all-for-us.17/ |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Defence.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[List of districts of Rajasthan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Churu district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Churu district]]

2012 Women's Kabaddi World Cup (International Kabaddi Federation)

2026-03-20T11:00:53Z

Samantahfp: started initial details first draft...

{{Short description|International kabaddi tournament in India}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox sport tournament
| name = 2012 Women's Kabaddi World Cup
| image =
| caption =
| start_date = 1 March
| end_date = 4 March
| administrator = [[Government of Bihar]] and [[Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India]] Recognised by [[International Kabaddi Federation]]
| format = [[Kabaddi#Standard style|Standard style]]
| tournament_format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] and [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]
| host = {{flagu|India}}
| venues = [[Patliputra Sports Complex]], [[Kankarbagh]], [[Patna]]
| participants = [[2012 Women's Kabaddi World Cup#Teams|16]]
| champions = {{IND}}
| runners-up1 = {{IRN}}
| runners-up2 = {{JAP}} {{THA}}
| matches = 31
| previous =
| next = [[2025 Women's Kabaddi World Cup (International Kabaddi Federation)|2025]]
}}

The '''2012 Women's Kabaddi World Cup''' was the first [[Kabaddi World Cup (International Kabaddi Federation)|Kabaddi World Cup]] held for women that was recognised by the [[International Kabaddi Federation]]. It was organised by the [[Government of Bihar]] and the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India.<ref name=IKF>{{cite web |url=http://www.kabaddiikf.com/1wckcw.htm |title=Welcome to International Kabaddi Federation |publisher=Kabaddiikf.com |date=4 March 2012 |accessdate=17 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421204814/http://www.kabaddiikf.com/1wckcw.htm |archive-date=21 April 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> It was held at [[Patna]] from 1 to 4 March 2012 at the Patliputra Sports Complex, [[Kankarbagh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/stage-set-for-first-world-cup-womens-kabaddi-championship/969313.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711211127/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/stage-set-for-first-world-cup-womens-kabaddi-championship/969313.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 July 2012 |title=Stage set for first World Cup Women's Kabaddi championship |work=IBN Live News |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=29 February 2012 |accessdate=17 July 2013}}</ref> Hosts [[India]] won the World Cup defeating [[Iran]] in the finals.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tehrantimes.com/sports/96082-iranian-women-second-in-kabbadi-world-cup |title=Iranian women second in Kabbadi World Cup |newspaper=Tehran Times |date=6 March 2012 |accessdate=17 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418231444/http://www.tehrantimes.com/sports/96082-iranian-women-second-in-kabbadi-world-cup |archive-date=18 April 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.kabaddiikf.com/1wckcw-sr.htm |title=1st World Cup Kabaddi WOMEN - Patna, Bihar 2012 |website=kabaddiikf.com |date=4 March 2012 |accessdate=17 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317113906/http://www.kabaddiikf.com/1wckcw-sr.htm |archive-date=17 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Teams==
A total of 16 teams took part in the World Cup.<ref name=IKF/>
The teams are :
*{{BGD}}
*{{CAN}}
*{{TPE}}
*{{IND}} (Host Nation)
*{{INA}}
*{{IRN}}
*{{ITA}}
*{{JPN}}
*{{KOR}}
*{{MYS}}
*{{MEX}}
*{{NEP}}
*{{THA}}
*{{TKM}}
*{{USA}}
*{{SRI}}

==Venue ==
All the matches were held at [[Patliputra Sports Complex]], [[Kankarbagh]], Bihar.<ref name=Hindu/>

==Groups==
The teams were divided into 4 groups of 4 teams each: <ref name=IKF/>

{|class="wikitable;"
|-
! Group A !! Group B !! Group C !! Group D
|-
| {{IND}} || {{THA}} || {{BGD}} || {{IRN}}
|-
| {{KOR}} || {{JPN}} || {{SRI}} || {{INA}}
|-
| {{TPE}} || {{CAN}} || {{ITA}} || {{NEP}}
|-
| {{MEX}} || {{TKM}} || {{MYS}} || {{USA}}
|}

==Group stage ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=2|Key to colours in group tables
|-
| style="background:#cfc; width:20px;"|
|align=left|Group winners and runners-up advance to the quarter-finals<ref name=IKF/>
|}
=== Group A ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Played !! Won !! Lost !! Draw !! Points
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| {{IND}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 6
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| {{KOR}} || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 4
|-
| {{TPE}} || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 2
|-
| {{MEX}} || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0
|}

=== Group B ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Played !! Won !! Lost !! Draw !! Points
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| {{THA}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 6
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| {{JPN}} || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 4
|-
| {{CAN}} || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 2
|-
| {{TKM}} || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0
|}

=== Group C ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Played !! Won !! Lost !! Draw !! Points
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| {{BGD}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 6
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| {{SRI}} || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 4
|-
| {{ITA}} || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 2
|-
| {{MYS}} || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0
|}

=== Group D ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Played !! Won !! Lost !! Draw !! Points
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| {{IRN}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 6
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| {{INA}} || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 4
|-
| {{NEP}} || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 2
|-
| {{USA}} || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0
|}

# {{IRI}} 53-20 {{NEP}}
# {{IRI}} 51-37{{USA}}
# {{IRI}} 57-28 {{INA}}

==Knockout stages==
{{Round8


|3 March – Patliputra Sports Complex, Kankerbagh|'''{{IND}}'''|'''66'''|{{INA}}|20
|3 March – Patliputra Sports Complex, Kankerbagh|'''{{JPN}}'''|'''17'''|{{BGD}}|15
|3 March – Patliputra Sports Complex, Kankerbagh|'''{{THA}}'''|'''30'''|{{SRI}}|18
|3 March – Patliputra Sports Complex, Kankerbagh|'''{{IRN}}'''|'''40'''or'''42'''<ref>https://www.isna.ir/news/9012-09333/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9-4-%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF</ref>|{{KOR}}|16

|4 March – Patliputra Sports Complex, Kankerbagh|'''{{IND}}'''|'''59'''|{{JPN}}|20<ref name=Hindu>{{cite news|author=PTI |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/article2960665.ece |title=Indian eves win Kabaddi World Cup |newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 March 2012 |accessdate=17 July 2013}}</ref>
|4 March – Patliputra Sports Complex, Kankerbagh|{{THA}}|26|'''{{IRN}}''' |'''46'''

|4 March – Patliputra Sports Complex, Kankerbagh|'''{{IND}}'''|'''25'''|{{IRN}}|19<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/India-clinch-womens-Kabaddi-World-Cup-championship/articleshow/12136837.cms |title=India clinch women's Kabaddi World Cup championship |newspaper=The Times of India |date=4 March 2012 |accessdate=17 July 2013}}{{Registration required|date=July 2013}}</ref>
}}

==Schedule and results==

1 March
*2012 17:00 hours M-01 India V/S Korea Pool – A India won by 38–14 points

2 March 2012

*08:00 hours M-02 Thailand V/S Turkmenistan Pool – B Thailand won by 64–19 points
*08:00 hours M-03 Iran V/S Nepal Pool – D Iran won by 53–20 points
*09:00 hours M-04 Bangladesh V/S Malaysia Pool – C Bangladesh won by 70–30 points
*09:00 hours M-05 Taipei Vs Mexico Pool – A Taipei won by 88–21 points
*10:00 hours M-06 Japan V/S Canada Pool – B Japan won by 29–08 points
*10:00 hours M-07 Sri Lanka V/S Italy Pool – C Sri Lanka won by 75–13 points

EVENING SESSION

2 March 2012

*15:00 hours M-08 Indonesia V/S USA Pool – D Indonesia won by 78–31 points
*15:00 hours M-09 Japan V/S Turkmenistan Pool – B Japan won by 51–10 points
*16:00 hours M-10 Sri Lanka V/S Malaysia Pool – C Sri Lanka won by 74–11 points
*16:00 hours M-11 India V/S Taipei Pool – A India won by 43–18 points
*17:00 hours M-12 Korea V/S Mexico Pool – A Korea won by 72–14 points
*17:00 hours M-13 Thailand V/S Canada Pool – B Thailand won by 44–14 points
*18:00 hours M-14 Bangladesh V/S Italy Pool – C Bangladesh won by 85–11 points
*18:00 hours M-15 Indonesia V/S Nepal Pool – D Indonesia won by 60–30 points
*19:00 hours M-16 Iran V/S USA Pool – D Iran won by 50–38 points
3 March 2012

*08:00 hours M-17 Iran V/S Indonesia Pool – D Iran won by 57–28 points
*08:00 hours M-18 Korea V/S Taipei Pool – A Korea won by 33–29 points
*09:00 hours M-19 Malaysia V/S Italy Pool – C Italy won by 57–55 points
*09:00 hours M-20 Thailand V/S Japan Pool – B Thailand won by 21–20 points
*10:00 hours M-21 Bangladesh V/S Sri Lanka Pool – C Bangladesh won by 38–26 points
*10:00 hours M-22 India V/S Mexico Pool – A India won by 49–23 points
*11:00 hours M-23 Nepal V/S USA Pool – D Nepal won by 72–50 points
*11:00 hours M-24 Turkmenistan V/S Canada Pool – B Canada won by 68–27 points

EVENING SESSION

3 March 2012
Quarter-finals

*16:00 hours M-25 India V/s Indonesia India won by 66–20 points
*17:00 hours M-26 Japan V/s Bangladesh Japan won by 17–15 points
*18:00 hours M-27 Thailand V/s Sri Lanka Thailand won by 30–18 points
*19:00 hours M-28 Iran V/s Korea Iran won by 40–16 points

4 March 2012
Semi-finals

*15:30 hours M-29 Thailand V/s Iran Iran won by 46–26 points
*16:30 hours M-30 India V/s Japan India won by 59–20 points

FINAL

*18:00 hours M-31 winner of match no. 29
Vs India won by 25–19 points
Winner of Match No −30<ref name=IKF/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317113906/http://www.kabaddiikf.com/1wckcw-sr.htm |date=2016-03-17 |title=Official website}}

{{Kabaddi World Cup}}

[[Category:Kabaddi World Cup (International Kabaddi Federation)]]
[[Category:International kabaddi competitions in India]]
[[Category:2012 in Indian women's sport]]
[[Category:Women's kabaddi]]

Rajasthan

2026-03-19T18:51:18Z

Samantahfp: Updated and refined page content

{{Short description|State in northwestern India}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox Indian state or territory
| name = Rajasthan
| official_name = State of Rajasthan
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 280
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/2/1
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Thar Khuri.jpg
| caption1 = [[Thar desert]]
| image2 = Jodhpur mehrangarh fort (enhanced).jpg
| caption2 = [[Mehrangarh]]
| image3 = Udaipur-Stadtpalast-42-vom Picholasee-2018-gje.jpg
| caption3 = [[City Palace, Udaipur]]
| image4 = Baroli temple.jpg
| caption4 = [[Ghateshwar Temple]]
| image5 = Kumbhalgarh 055.jpg
| caption5 = [[Kumbhalgarh]]
| image6 = Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam, Banswara.jpg
| caption6 = [[Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam]]
| image7 = Jain Temple Ranakpur.jpg
| caption7 = [[Ranakpur Jain temple]]
| image8 = Amber palace, Jaipur.jpg
| caption8 = [[Amer Fort]]
}}
| type = State
| image_seal = Emblem of India.svg
| seal_size = 100
| etymology = Land of [[Raja|Kings]]
| motto = [[Satyameva Jayate]] (Sanskrit) (Truth alone triumphs)
| image_map = IN-RJ.svg
| coordinates = {{coord|26.6|73.8|region:IN-RJ_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| region = Northwest India
| before_was = [[Rajputana Agency]]
| formation_date4 = {{Start date and age|1949|03|30|df=yes}}
| capital = Jaipur
| largestcity = capital
| districts = [[List of districts of Rajasthan|41 (7 divisions)]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ahead of Assembly polls, Gehlot announces formation of 19 new districts in Rajasthan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ahead-of-assembly-polls-gehlot-announces-formation-of-19-new-districts-in-rajasthan/article66632231.ece |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |date=17 March 2023 |access-date=17 March 2023 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317180332/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ahead-of-assembly-polls-gehlot-announces-formation-of-19-new-districts-in-rajasthan/article66632231.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
| Governor = [[Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde]]<ref>{{cite news |title=BJP's Veteran Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde Named Rajasthan Governor: 5 Points |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjps-veteran-haribhau-kisanrao-bagde-named-rajasthan-governor-5-points-6207173 |work=NDTV |date=28 July 2024 |access-date=28 July 2024}}</ref>
| Chief_Minister = [[Bhajan Lal Sharma]]
| party = [[BJP]]
| Deputy_CM = [[Diya Kumari]] ([[BJP]]) 
[[Prem Chand Bairwa]] ([[BJP]])
| legislature_type = Unicameral
| assembly = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| assembly_seats = 200 seats
| rajya_sabha_seats = 10 seats
| lok_sabha_seats = 25 seats
| judiciary = [[Rajasthan High Court]]
| area_total_km2 = 342239
| area_rank = 1st
| length_km = 826
| width_km = 869
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Physiography of Rajasthan |url=https://environment.rajasthan.gov.in/content/environment/en/rsbb/about-rajasthan/physiography-of-rajasthan.html |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=Environment Portal |publisher=Government of Rajasthan |archive-date=24 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324211322/https://environment.rajasthan.gov.in/content/environment/en/rsbb/about-rajasthan/physiography-of-rajasthan.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| elevation_m = 225
| elevation_max_m = 1,722
| elevation_max_point = [[Guru Shikhar]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2009 |title=Guru Shikhar...Mount Abu |url=http://sirohi.nic.in/guru.htm |access-date=24 March 2023 |publisher=National Informatics Centre |archive-date=10 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410000632/http://sirohi.nic.in/guru.htm }}{{better source needed|date=May 2023}}</ref>
| elevation_min_m = 100
| elevation_min_point = [[Luni River]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="RjPOP">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND008_Rajasthan.pdf|title=Rajasthan Profile|publisher=[[Census of India]]|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916102940/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND008_Rajasthan.pdf|archive-date=16 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_total = {{Increase}} 68,548,437
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 7th
| population_density = 200
| population_urban = 24.87%
| population_rural = 75.13%
| population_demonym = [[Rajasthani people|Rajasthani]]
| 0fficial_Langs = [[Hindi]]<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 34–35 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 16 February 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171523/http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 28 December 2017}}</ref>
| additional_official = [[English language|English]]<ref name=nclmanurep2010/>
| official_script = [[Devanagari script]]
| GDP_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Department, GoR |url=https://finance.rajasthan.gov.in/docs/budget/statebudget/2024-2025%20(Modified%20Budget)/EconomicReviewE.pdf |access-date=23 February 2023 |website=finance.rajasthan.gov.in |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223083234/https://finance.rajasthan.gov.in/website/StateBudgetAll.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>{{nonspecific|date=May 2023}}
| GDP_total = {{Increase}}{{INRConvert|21.05|lc|lk=r|year=2022}}
| GDP_year = 2025–26
| GDP_rank = 6th
| GDP_per_capita = {{Increase}}{{INRConvert|202349|lk=r|year=2025}}
| GDP_per_capita_rank = 22nd
| HDI = {{Increase}} 0.692 {{color|#fc0|Medium}}<ref>{{cite web |title=India: Subnational HDI |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/IND/ |website=Global Data Labs |access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref>
| HDI_year = 2022
| HDI_rank = 23rd
| literacy = 75.8%<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/AnnualReport_PLFS2023-24L2.pdf |title=Annual Report, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) (July 2023 – June 2024) |date=23 September 2024 |publisher=National Sample Survey Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India |pages=A-10 |chapter=Appendix-A: Detailed tables, Table (7): Literacy rate (in per cent) of persons of different age groups for each State/UT (persons, age-group (years): 7 & above, rural+urban (column 6))}}</ref>
| literacy_year = 2024
| literacy_rank = 33rd
| sex_ratio = 1009[[female|♀]]/1000 [[male|♂]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sex ratio of State and Union Territories of India as per National Health survey (2019–2021)|url=https://main.mohfw.gov.in/basicpage-14|website=Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India|access-date=8 January 2023|archive-date=8 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108164803/https://main.mohfw.gov.in/basicpage-14|url-status=live}}</ref>
| sexratio_year = 2021
| sexratio_rank = 30th
| iso_code = IN-RJ
| registration_plate = RJ
| website = Rajasthan.gov.in
| mammal = [[Camel]] and [[Chinkara]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rajasthan.gov.in/StateSymbols.aspx?menu_id=42|title=Symbols of Rajasthan|publisher=Government of Rajasthan|access-date=13 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114002041/http://rajasthan.gov.in/index.php/home/about-rajasthan/state-symbols/|archive-date=14 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
| bird = [[Great Indian bustard|Godawan]]
| flower = [[Tecomella|Rohida]]
| tree = [[Prosopis cineraria|Khejri]]
| image_highway = SH IN-RJ.png
| SH_numbers = [[List of state highways in Rajasthan|RJ SH1 -RJ SH138]]
}}

'''Rajasthan''' ({{Indic Transl|hi|Rājasthāna|ɾaːd͡ʒəsˈtʰaːn|Rajasthan.ogg}}; [[Literal translation|lit.]] 'Land of Kings')<ref name=etymology /> is a [[States and union territories of India|state]] in [[northwestern India]].<ref name="Indian Zonal Council">{{Cite web|url=http://interstatecouncil.nic.in/iscs/genesis/|title=Inter-state Council Secretariat – Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=1 December 2018|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217223824/http://interstatecouncil.nic.in/iscs/genesis/|archive-date=17 February 2017}}</ref><ref name=MoC-North>{{cite web|title=North Zone Cultural Centre|url=http://www.culturenorthindia.com/|publisher=Ministry of Culture, [[Government of India]]|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019132454/http://www.culturenorthindia.com/|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Language">{{cite web |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date=8 July 2016 |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |page=22}}</ref> It is the [[List of states and union territories of India by area|largest Indian state by area]] and the [[List of states and union territories of India by population|seventh largest by population]]. It covers {{convert|342239|km2|mi2}} or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographical area. It is on India's northwestern side, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable [[Thar Desert]] (also known as the Great Indian Desert) and shares a border with the [[Pakistan]]i provinces of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] to the northwest and [[Sindh]] to the west, along the [[Sutlej]]-[[Indus]] River valley. It is bordered by five other Indian states: [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] to the north; [[Haryana]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]] to the northeast; [[Madhya Pradesh]] to the southeast; and [[Gujarat]] to the southwest. Its geographical location is 23°3' to 30°12' North latitude and 69°30' to 78°17' East longitude, with the [[Tropic of Cancer]] passing through its southernmost tip.

Its major features include the ruins of the [[Indus Valley civilisation]] at [[Kalibangan]] and [[Balathal]], the [[Dilwara Temples]], a [[Jainism|Jain]] pilgrimage site at Rajasthan's only [[hill station]], [[Mount Abu]], in the ancient [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli mountain range]] and eastern Rajasthan, the [[Keoladeo National Park]] of [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]], a [[World Heritage Site]]<ref name="WorldHeritageList">{{cite web |title=World Heritage List |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/340 |access-date=18 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030050702/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/340/ |archive-date=30 October 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> known for its bird life. Rajasthan is also home to five national [[tiger]] reserves, the [[Ranthambore National Park]] in [[Sawai Madhopur]], [[Sariska Tiger Reserve]] in [[Alwar]], the [[Mukundara Hills National Park|Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve]] in [[Kota district|Kota]], [[Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary|Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger reserve]] and Karauli Dholpur tiger reserve.

The State of Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949 when the states of the [[Rajputana Agency]] of the erstwhile [[British Empire in India]] were merged into the new [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]]. Its [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|capital]] and largest city is [[Jaipur]]. Other important cities are [[Jodhpur]], [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], [[Bikaner]], [[Ajmer]], [[Bhilwara]], [[Sawai Madhopur]], [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]] and [[Udaipur]]. The [[economy of Rajasthan]] is the [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|seventh-largest state economy]] in India with {{INRConvert|10.20|lc}} in [[gross domestic product]] and a per capita [[GDP]] of {{INRConvert|118|k}}.<ref name="MOSPI">{{Cite web|url=http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_releases_statements/State_wise_SDP_28_02_2020.xls|title=MOSPI Net State Domestic Product, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323204745/http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_releases_statements/State_wise_SDP_28_02_2020.xls|url-status=live}}</ref> Rajasthan ranks [[List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index|22nd]] among Indian states in [[human development index]].<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database |website=Global Data Lab|access-date=13 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|archive-date=23 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
Rajasthan means "Land of Kings" and is a [[Blend word|portmanteau]] of [[Sanskrit]] "[[Raja|Rājā]]" ('King') and Sanskrit "[[-sthan|Sthāna]]" ('Land') or [[Persian language|Persian]] "[[-stan|Stān]]", with the same meaning.''<ref name="etymology">{{cite book |last1=Boland-Crewe |first1=Tara |last2=Lea |first2=David |title=The Territories and States of India |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-35625-5 |page=208 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2uPAgAAQBAJ&q=Tara+Boland-Crewe,+David+Lea,+The+Territories+and+States+of+India+rajasthan&pg=PA213 |access-date=26 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref>'' The first printed mention of the name ''Rajasthan'' appears in the 1829 publication ''[[Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan|Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India]]'', while the earliest known record of ''[[Rajputana]]'' as a name for the region is in [[George Thomas (soldier)|George Thomas]]'s 1800 memoir ''Military Memories''.<ref name="Kapil1999">{{cite book|author=F. K. Kapil|title=Rajputana states, 1817–1950|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eCZuAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Book Treasure|page=1|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101121202/https://books.google.com/books?id=eCZuAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=1 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> [[John Keay]], in his book ''India: A History'', stated that ''Rajputana'' was coined by the British in 1829, [[John Briggs (East India Company officer)|John Briggs]], translating [[Firishta|Ferishta]]'s history of [[Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent|early Islamic India]], used the phrase "[[Rajput|Rajpoot (Rajput)]] princes" rather than "Indian princes".<ref>{{cite book|title=India: a history|author=John Keay|publisher=Grove Press|year=2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ibLUu6RlvqwC&pg=PA231|pages=231–232|quote=Colonel James Todd, who, as the first British official to visit Rajasthan, spent most of the 1820s exploring its political potential, formed a very different idea of "Rush boots" […] and the whole region thenceforth became, for the British, 'Rajputana'. The word even achieved a retrospective authenticity, [for,] in [his] 1829 translation of Ferishta's history of early Islamic India, John Bridge discarded the phrase 'Indian princes', as rendered in Dow's earlier version, and substituted 'Rajpoot princes'.|isbn=978-0-8021-3797-5|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101121202/https://books.google.com/books?id=ibLUu6RlvqwC&pg=PA231&dq|archive-date=1 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Main|History of Rajasthan|List of battles of Rajasthan}}

=== Ancient times ===
Parts of what is now Rajasthan were partly part of the [[Vedic Civilisation]] and the [[Indus Valley civilisation]]. [[Kalibangan]], in [[Hanumangarh district]], was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilisation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazines.com/Indus_Valley_Civilization_related.html|title=Indus Valley Civilization Related Articles arsenical bronze writing, literature|publisher=Amazines.com|access-date=5 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220003630/http://www.amazines.com/Indus_Valley_Civilization_related.html|archive-date=20 December 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Andrew Topsfield|Topsfield]]<ref name=":0" /> writes that the [[Rajput]]s first entered India from the north west in the first millennium A.D. They established kingdoms in western India in the region that is now known as Rajasthan.<ref name=":0" />

An [[Archaeology|archaeological]] excavation at the [[Balathal]] site in Udaipur district shows a settlement contemporary with the Harrapan civilisation dating back to 3000–1500 BCE. Stone Age tools dating from 5,000 to 200,000 years were found in [[Bundi district|Bundi]] and [[Bhilwara district|Bhilwara]] districts of the state.<ref>{{citation |last=Pillai |first=Geetha Sunil |title=Stone age tools dating back 200,000 years found in Rajasthan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/udaipur/stone-age-tools-dating-back-200000-years-found-in-rajasthan/articleshow/57385393.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 February 2017 |access-date=23 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417224702/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/udaipur/stone-age-tools-dating-back-200000-years-found-in-rajasthan/articleshow/57385393.cms |archive-date=17 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Bhabru inscription.jpg|thumb|The [[Minor Rock Edict]] 3 of Ashoka, found on the platform in front of the [[Bairat Temple]] of [[Viratnagar]], Rajasthan.<ref name=ASI>{{cite book |title=Archaeological Survey Of India Four Reports Made During The Years 1862 - 63 - 64 - 65 Volume Ii |date=1871 |pages=242–248 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3s4OAAAAQAAJ |last1=Cunningham |first1=Sir Alexander |access-date=31 October 2023 |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031092627/https://books.google.com/books?id=3s4OAAAAQAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
The [[Matsya (tribe)|Matsya kingdom]] of the [[Vedic civilisation]] of India is said to roughly correspond to the former state of [[Jaipur]] in Rajasthan and included the whole of Alwar with portions of [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Chatterjee|first=Ramanand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KPkEAAAAMAAJ|title=The Modern review|publisher=Prabasi|year=1948|volume=84|type=History|author-link=Ramananda Chatterjee}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Sita Sharma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZvWAAAAMAAJ|title=Krishna Leela theme in Rajasthani miniatures|author2=Pragati Prakashan|year=1987|page=132}}</ref> The capital of Matsya was at [[Bairat|Viratanagar]] (modern Bairat), which is said to have been named after its founder King [[Virata]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|title=Rajasthan aajtak|isbn=978-81-903622-6-9}}</ref>{{Request quotation|date=July 2018|reason=Non-english source}}

Bhargava<ref>Sudhir Bhargava. "Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati river is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati river". Seminar, ''Saraswati river: a perspective'', 20–22 November 2009, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, organized by Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana. Seminar report: pages 114–117</ref> identifies the two districts of [[Jhunjhunu]] and [[Sikar]] and parts of [[Jaipur]] district along with Haryana districts of [[Mahendragarh]] and [[Rewari]] as part of [[Vedic Period|Vedic]] state of [[Brahmavarta]]. Bhargava also locates the present day [[Sahibi River]] as the Vedic [[Drishadwati]] River, which along with [[Saraswati River]] formed the borders of the Vedic state of Brahmavarta.<ref>[[Manusmriti]]</ref> Manu and [[Bhrigu]] narrated the [[Manusmriti]] to a congregation of seers in this area. The ashrams of Vedic seers [[Bhrigu]] and his son Chayvan Rishi, for whom [[Chyawanprash]] was formulated, were near [[Dhosi Hill]], part of which lies in Dhosi village of [[Jhunjhunu]] district of Rajasthan and part of which lies in [[Mahendragarh]] district of [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jain|first=M. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUfaAQAACAAJ|title=Concise History of Modern Rajasthan|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Wishwa Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7328-010-8|language=en}}</ref>

The [[Western Kshatrapas]] (405–35 BCE), the [[Saka]] rulers of the western part of India, were successors to the [[Indo-Scythians]] and were contemporaneous with the [[Kushans]], who ruled the northern part of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The Indo-Scythians invaded the area of [[Ujjain]] and established the [[Saka era]] (with their [[Saka calendar|calendar]]), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka [[Western Satraps]] state.<ref>John Rosenfield, ''The dynastic art of the Kushans'', p. 130.</ref>

The [[Allahabad Pillar|Allahabad Pillar Inscription]] (also known as the Prayaga Pillar Inscription) of [[Samudragupta]], AD 360, records that the [[Abhira dynasty|Abhiras]] were a powerful tribe who ruled over the whole of Rajasthan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Amr̥tarāya |url=http://archive.org/details/housedividedorig0000amrt |title=A house divided : the origin and development of Hindi-Urdu |date=1991 |publisher=Delhi; New York : Oxford University Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-19-562811-1 |pages=51}}</ref>

=== Classical era ===
==== Gurjara-Pratihara ====
[[File:Baroli temple.jpg|thumb|left|Ghateshwara Mahadeva temple at the [[Baroli Temples|Baroli Temple Complex]]. The temples were built between the 10th and 11th centuries by the [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty]].]]

The [[Pratihara dynasty|Pratiharas]] ruled for many dynasties in this part of the country; the region was known as ''[[Gurjaratra]]''.<ref name="RC MajumdarThe Age of imperial Kanauj vol 4">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/ageofimperialkan0000unse/page/19/mode/1up|chapter=Ancient India |title=The Age of imperial Kanauj | publisher = Motilal Banarsidassr| year = 1994| page = 263| editor-first=R. C. |editor-last=Majumdar| isbn = 978-81-208-0436-4| access-date = 15 November 2015}}</ref> Up to the 10th century, almost all of [[North India]] acknowledged the supremacy of the Imperial Pratiharas, with their seat of power at [[Kannauj]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay |volume=21 |author=Asiatic Society of Bombay|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Bombay Branch|year=1904|page=432|quote=Up to the tenth century almost the whole of North India, excepting Bengal, owned their supremacy at Kannauj.}}</ref>

The [[Gurjara-Pratihara|Gurjara Pratihar Empire]] acted as a barrier for [[Arab]] invaders from the 8th to the 11th century. The chief accomplishment of the Gurjara-Pratihara Empire lies in its successful resistance to foreign invasions from the west, starting in the days of [[Junaid]]. Historian [[R. C. Majumdar]] says that this was openly acknowledged by the Arab writers. He further notes that historians of India have wondered at the slow progress of Muslim invaders in India, as compared with their rapid advance in other parts of the world. Now there seems little doubt that it was the power of the Pratihara army that effectively barred the progress of the Arabs beyond the confines of [[Sindh]], their only conquest for nearly 300 years.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Ancient India: Earliest Times to 1000 A.D.|author=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|pages=207–208|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cWmsQQ2smXIC&pg=PA207|publisher=Atlantic|year=2002|isbn=978-81-269-0027-5}}</ref>

=== Medieval and early modern eras ===
{{Rajputana 1525}}
The [[Ghurids]] had made an attempt to invade India through southern Rajasthan, however they were defeated in the [[Battle of Kasahrada]] on 1178 by a confederacy of Rajputs under [[Mularaja II]] of the Kingdom of Gujarat.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bhatia|first=P.|title=The Paramāras: (c. 800 - 1305 A.D.); a Study in the Political and Cultural History of Their Kingdoms|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|year=1970| isbn=978-81-215-0410-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CW6oyAEACAAJ|access-date=1 May 2022}}</ref> [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] led a confederacy of Rajput clans and defeated the invading Ghruids under [[Muhammad Ghori]] in the [[First Battle of Tarain]] in 1191. In 1192, Muhammad Ghori decisively defeated Prithviraj at the [[Second Battle of Tarain]]. After the defeat of Chauhan in the same year, a part of Rajasthan came under Muslim rulers. The principal centres of their powers were [[Nagaur]] and Ajmer. [[Ranthambore Fort|Ranthambhore]] was also under their suzerainty. At the beginning of the 13th century, the most prominent and powerful state of Rajasthan was [[Mewar]]. Since the invasion of the Muslim Turks from the 13th century onwards, the Rajputs resisted the Muslim incursions into India, and preserved [[Hindu culture]] at their courts.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Kulbhushan |title=Paradigms of Indian Architecture |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7007-1038-6 |pages=159 |chapter=Spatial Organisation and Aesthetic Expression in the Traditional Architecture of Rajasthan}}</ref>

The Rajputs put up resistance to the Islamic invasions with their warfare and chivalry for centuries. The Ranas of Mewar led other kingdoms in their resistance to outside rule. Rana [[Hammir Singh]] defeated the [[Tughlaq dynasty]] and recovered a large portion of Rajasthan. The indomitable [[Kumbha of Mewar|Rana Kumbha]] defeated the Sultans of [[Malwa Sultanate|Malwa]], Nagaur and [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]] and made Mewar the most powerful Rajput Kingdom in India. The ambitious [[Rana Sanga]] united the various Rajput clans, including the [[Khanzadas of Mewat|Muslim Khanzadas of Mewat]] under [[Hasan Khan Mewati|Raja Hasan Khan Mewati]], and fought against the foreign powers in India. Rana Sanga defeated the Afghan [[Lodi Empire]] of Delhi and crushed the Turkic Sultanates of Malwa and Gujarat. Rana Sanga then tried to create an Indian empire but was defeated by the first [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Babur]] at [[Khanwa]]. The defeat was due to betrayal by the Tomar King [[Silhadi]] of Raisen. After [[Rana Sanga]]'s death, [[Marwar]] rose as a power centre in Rajasthan under Rao [[Maldeo Rathore]]. He conquered Jaisalmer, parts of Gujarat, Jalore, Nagaur, Ajmer, Sanchore, Bhinmal, Radhanpur, Bayana, Tonk, Toda and Nabhara. He expanded the territories of Marwar up to Sindh-Cholistan in west and his northern boundary was just fifty kilometres from Delhi.<ref>Rima Hooja, "The State of Marwar/Jodhpur", in ''History of Rajasthan'', pp. 520–522</ref><ref>Majumdar, R.C., ed. (2006). ''The Mughul Empire''. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 81–82.</ref> After defeating Humayun, Sher Shah came towards Rajputana. He defeated Chiefs of Rathore army by trickery in [[Battle of Sammel]] and captured some territory of Marwar but it was recovered by Rathores in 1545.<ref>Mahajan, V. D. (1991, reprint 2007). ''History of Medieval India'', Part II. New Delhi: S. Chand. p. 43.</ref>

[[Hem Chandra Vikramaditya]], the Hindu emperor,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Sir Jadunath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qoRDAAAAYAAJ&q=brahmin|title=Military History of India|date=1960|publisher=Orient Longmans|isbn=978-0-86125-155-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Coetzee|first1=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DW2jAQAAQBAJ&q=brahmin+hemu&pg=PA43|title=Philosophers of War: The Evolution of History's Greatest Military Thinkers|last2=Eysturlid|first2=Lee W.|date=21 October 2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-07033-4}}</ref> was born in the village of Machheri in [[Alwar District]] in 1501. He won 22 battles against Afghans, from [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] to [[Bengal]] including the states of [[Ajmer]] and [[Alwar]] in Rajasthan, and defeated Akbar's forces twice, first at [[Agra]] and then at [[Delhi]] in 1556 at [[Battle of Delhi (1556)|Battle of Delhi]]<ref>Bhardwaj, K. K. ''Hemu: Napoleon of Medieval India''. New Delhi: Mittal Publications, p. 25</ref> before acceding to the throne of [[Delhi]] and establishing the "Hindu Raj" in [[North India]], albeit for a short duration, from [[Purana Qila]] in Delhi. Hem Chandra was killed in the battlefield at [[Second Battle of Panipat]] fighting against Mughals on 5 November 1556.

[[File:Akbar shoots Jaimal at the siege of Chitor.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Akbar]] shoots the Rajput commander [[Jaimal Rathore|Jaimal]] using a [[matchlock]], during the [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)|Siege of Chittor (1567–1568)]].]]
During [[Akbar]]'s reign most of the Rajput kings accepted Mughal suzerainty, but the rulers of Mewar (Rana [[Udai Singh II]]) and Marwar (Rao [[Chandrasen Rathore]]) refused to have any form of alliance with the Mughals. To teach the Rajputs a lesson Akbar attacked Udai Singh and killed Rajput commander Jaimal of Chitor and the citizens of Mewar in large numbers. Akbar killed 20,000–25,000 unarmed citizens in Chittor on the grounds that they had actively helped in the resistance.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Richards|first1=John F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&pg=PA26|title=The Mughal Empire|date=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-56603-2|page=26|author-link=John F. Richards}}</ref>

[[Maharana Pratap]] took an oath to avenge the citizens of Chittor; he fought the Mughal empire till his death and liberated most of Mewar apart from Chittor itself. [[Maharana Pratap]] soon became the most celebrated warrior of Rajasthan and became famous all over India for his sporadic warfare and noble actions. According to [[Satish Chandra (historian)|Satish Chandra]], "Rana Pratap's defiance of the mighty Mughal empire, almost alone and unaided by the other Rajput states, constitutes a glorious saga of Rajput valor and the spirit of self-sacrifice for cherished principles. Rana Pratap's methods of sporadic warfare were later elaborated further by Malik Ambar, the Deccani general, and by Shivaji".<ref name="Satish Chandra">{{cite book|last1=Chandra|first1=Satish|title=Medieval India|year=2000|publisher=National Council of Educational Research and Training|location=New Delhi|page=164}}</ref>

Rana [[Amar Singh I]] continued his ancestor's war against the Mughals under [[Jehangir]], he repelled the Mughal armies at Dewar. Later an expedition was again sent under the leadership of Prince [[Shah Jahan|Khurram]], which caused much damage to life and property of [[Mewar]]. Many temples were destroyed, several villages were put on fire and women and children were captured and tortured to make Amar Singh accept surrender.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pant |first=Ashok |date=2012 |title=The Truth of Babri Mosque |isbn=978-1-4759-4289-7 |page=129|publisher=iUniverse }}</ref>

During [[Aurangzeb]]'s rule Rana [[Raj Singh I]], Veer [[Durgadas Rathore]] and Patshah [[Akheraj Rajpurohit|Akheraj Singh Rajpurohit]]<ref>Dr Prahalad Singh [[Rajpurohit]],"Veer Kesari Singh Rajpurohit ka Jasprakash"</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sevaṛa |first1=Prahalādasiṃha |title=Rājapurohita jāti kā itihāsa |date=2021 |isbn=978-93-90179-06-0 |edition=Dvitīya saṃsodhita saṃskaraṇa |location=Jodhapura}}</ref> were chief among those who defied the intolerant emperor of Delhi. They took advantage of the Aravalli hills and caused heavy damage to the Mughal armies that were trying to occupy Rajasthan.<ref>[[Niccolò Manucci]], {{lang|it|[[Storia do Mogor]]}}</ref><ref>''Cambridge History of India'', p. 304</ref>

After Aurangzeb's death [[Bahadur Shah I]] tried to subjugate Rajasthan like his ancestors but his plan backfired when the three [[Rajput]] [[Raja]]s of [[Jaipur State|Amber]], [[Udaipur State|Udaipur]], and [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]] made a joint resistance to the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]]. The Rajputs first expelled the commandants of [[Jodhpur]] and [[Bayana]] and recovered [[Amer, India|Amer]] by a night attack. They next killed Sayyid Hussain Khan Barha, the commandant of [[Mewat]] and many other Mughal officers. [[Bahadur Shah I]], then in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] was forced to patch up a truce with the Rajput Rajas.<ref>''The Cambridge History of India'', Volume 3, p. 322</ref> The [[Jat people|Jats]], under [[Suraj Mal]], overran the Mughal garrison at Agra and plundered the city taking with them the two great silver doors of the entrance of the famous [[Taj Mahal]] which were then melted down by Suraj Mal in 1763.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Dwivedi|first1=Girish Chandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AR5uAAAAMAAJ|title=The Jats, Their Role in the Mughal Empire|last2=Prasad|first2=Ishwari|date=1989|publisher=Arnold Publishers|isbn=978-81-7031-150-8|pages=56–61|language=en}}</ref>

Over the years, the Mughals began to have internal disputes which greatly distracted them at times. The Mughal Empire continued to weaken, and with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the late 18th century, [[Rajputana]] came under the influence of the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]]. The Maratha Empire, which had replaced the Mughal Empire as the overlord of the subcontinent, was finally replaced by the [[British Empire]] in 1818.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hallissey|first=Robert C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3jRuAAAAMAAJ|title=The Rajput Rebellion Against Aurangzeb: A Study of the Mughal Empire in Seventeenth-century India|date=1977|publisher=University of Missouri Press|isbn=978-0-8262-0222-2|pages=34–41}}</ref>

In the 19th century, the Rajput kingdoms were exhausted financially and in manpower after continuous wars and due to heavy tributes exacted by the [[Maratha Empire]]. To save their kingdoms from instability, rebellions and banditry the Rajput kings concluded treaties with the British in the early 19th century, accepting British [[suzerainty]] and control over their external affairs in return for internal autonomy.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhargava|first=Visheshwar Sarup|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbY9AAAAIAAJ|title=Marwar and the Mughal Emperors (A.D. 1526–1748)|date=1966|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|pages=123–126|isbn=978-81-215-0400-3}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Maharana Kumbhakarna of Mewar.jpg|[[Rana Kumbha]] was the vanguard of the fifteenth century Rajput resurgence.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book|last=Sen|first=Sailendra|title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History|publisher=Primus Books|year=2013|isbn=978-9-38060-734-4|pages=116–117}}</ref>
File:Maharaja Hemu Bhargava - Victor of Twenty Two Pitched Battles, 1910s.jpg|The emperor [[Hemu]], who rose from obscurity and briefly established himself as ruler in northern India, from Punjab to Bengal, in defiance of the warring [[Sur Empire|Sur]] and [[Mughal Empire]]s.
File:Durgadas Rathore painting.jpg|Durgadas Rathore, a Rathore Rajput warrior of [[Jodhpur]] who played an important role in protecting the [[Rathore dynasty]] of [[Marwar]] and for his rebellion against [[Aurangzeb]].
File:RajaRaviVarma MaharanaPratap.jpg|[[Maharana Pratap|Maharana Pratap Singh]], sixteenth-century Rajput ruler of [[Mewar]], known for his defence of his realm against Mughal invasion.
File:Maharaja Suraj Mal.jpg|[[Suraj Mal]] was ruler of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]]. Some contemporary historians described him as "the [[Plato]] of the [[Jat people]]" and by a modern writer as the "Jat [[Odysseus]]", because of his political sagacity, steady intellect and clear vision.<ref>R. C. Majumdar, H. C. Raychaudhury, ''Kalikaranjan Datta: An Advanced History of India'', 4th ed., 1978, {{ISBN|0-333-90298-X}}, p. 535</ref>
</gallery>

=== Modern era ===
{{See also|List of palaces in Rajasthan}}
The State of Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949 when the states of the [[Rajputana Agency]]<ref name="GuptaBakshi2008PA143">{{cite book|author1=R.K. Gupta|author2=S.R. Bakshi|title=Studies in Indian History: Rajasthan Through The Ages The Heritage Of Rajputs (Set Of 5 Vols.)|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC|date=1 January 2008|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-841-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC/page/n151 143]–|access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> of the erstwhile [[British Empire in India]] were merged into the new [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]]. Modern Rajasthan includes most of [[Rajputana]], which comprises the erstwhile nineteen [[princely state]]s, three chiefships, and the British district of [[Ajmer-Merwara]].<ref name="GuptaBakshi2008">{{cite book|author1=R. K. Gupta|author2=S. R. Bakshi|title=Studies in Indian History: Rajasthan Through the Ages the Heritage of Rajputs |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC|date=1 January 2008|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-841-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC/page/n151 143]–|access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> [[Jaisalmer State|Jaisalmer]], [[Marwar]] (Jodhpur), [[Bikaner]], [[Mewar]] (Chittorgarh), [[Alwar]] and [[Dhundhar]] (Jaipur) were some of the main Rajput princely states. [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]] and [[Dholpur]] were Jat princely states whereas [[Tonk (princely state)|Tonk]] was a princely state under [[Pathan]]s. The three chiefships were Lawa, Neemrana and Kushalgarh.<ref name="Lodha">{{cite book |last1=Lodha |first1=Sanjay |editor1-last=Kumar |editor1-first=Ashutosh |title=Rethinking State Politics in India: Regions within Regions |date=2011 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-59777-7 |page=400 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ypKoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA400 |access-date=12 December 2019 |chapter=Subregions, Identity and Nature of Political Competition in Rajasthan |quote=The 19 independent ruling houses were governed by different Rajput clans, Jats and Pathans. The Chauhan Rajputs ruled Bundi, Kota and Sirohi; the Gehlot Rajputs ruled Banswara, Dungarpur, Mewar, Pratapgarh and Shahpura; the Jadon Rajputs ruled Jaisalmer and Karauli; the Jhala Rajputs were the rulers of Jhalawar; the Kachhawaha Rajputs controlled Alwar, Jaipur and the Lawa Estate; and the Rathore Rajputs looked after Bikaner, Marwar, Kishangarh and the chiefship of Kushalgarh. Bharatpur and Dholpur were under Jat rule and Tonk was ruled by the Pathans.}}</ref>

== Geography ==
{{Main|Climate of Rajasthan}}

The geographic features of Rajasthan are the [[Thar Desert]] and the [[Aravalli Range]], which runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than {{convert|850|km}}.<ref name="TharD">{{cite web |title=Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan |url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/im1304 |publisher=WWF |access-date=3 August 2023 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412045553/https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/im1304 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mount Abu]] lies at the southwestern end of the range, separated from the main ranges by the [[West Banas River]].<ref name="MountabuOnline">{{cite web |title=Geography of Mount Abu |url=https://www.mountabuonline.in/city-guide/geography-of-mount-abu |publisher=Mountabu Online |access-date=3 August 2023 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803103706/https://www.mountabuonline.in/city-guide/geography-of-mount-abu |url-status=live }}</ref> Although a series of broken ridges continues into [[Haryana]] in the direction of [[Delhi]] where it can be seen as outcrops in the form of the [[Raisina Hill]] and the ridges farther north. About three-fifths of Rajasthan lies northwest of the Aravallis, leaving two-fifths on the east and south direction.

[[File:Mount Abu.jpg|thumb|[[Mount Abu]].]]

The Aravalli Range runs across the state from the southwest peak [[Guru Shikhar]] (Mount Abu), which is {{convert|1722|m}} in height, to [[Khetri]] in the northeast.<ref name="Topographical">{{cite web |title=Topographical divisions |url=https://foundation.rajasthan.gov.in/Topographicaldivisions.aspx |publisher=Rajasthan Foundation |access-date=3 August 2023 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803103903/https://foundation.rajasthan.gov.in/Topographicaldivisions.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> This range divides the state into 60% in the northwest of the range and 40% in the southeast. The northwest tract is sandy and unproductive with little water but improves gradually from desert land in the far west and northwest to comparatively fertile and habitable land towards the east. The south-eastern area, higher in elevation (100 to 350&nbsp;m above sea level) and more fertile, has a very diversified topography. In the south lies the hilly tract of Mewar. In the southeast, a large area within the districts of [[Kota district|Kota]] and [[Bundi]] forms a tableland.<ref name="Topographical"/> To the northeast of these districts is a rugged region (badlands) following the line of the [[Chambal River]]. Farther north the country levels out; the flat plains of the northeastern [[Bharatpur district]] are part of an [[alluvial]] basin. [[Merta City]] lies in the geographical centre of Rajasthan.<ref name="Topographical"/>

The Aravalli Range and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the [[Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]] ecoregion, with [[tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests|tropical dry broadleaf forests]] that include [[teak]], ''[[Acacia]]'', and other trees. The hilly [[Vagad]] region, home to the cities of [[Dungarpur]], [[Pratapgarh, Rajasthan|Pratapgarh]], and [[Banswara]] lies in southernmost Rajasthan, on the border with Gujarat and [[Madhya Pradesh]]. With the exception of Mount Abu, Vagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan, and the most heavily forested. North of Vagad lies the [[Mewar]] region, home to the cities of [[Udaipur]] and [[Chittaurgarh]]. The [[Hadoti]] region lies to the southeast, on the border with Madhya Pradesh. North of Hadoti and Mewar lies the [[Dhundhar]] region, home to the state capital of [[Jaipur]]. [[Mewat]], the easternmost region of Rajasthan, borders [[Haryana]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Eastern and southeastern Rajasthan is drained by the [[Banas River|Banas]] and [[Chambal River|Chambal]] rivers, tributaries of the [[Ganges]].

The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is generally sandy and dry. Most of this region is covered by the [[Thar Desert]] which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan. The Aravalli Range does not intercept the moisture-giving southwest [[monsoon]] winds off the [[Arabian Sea]], as it lies in a direction parallel to that of the coming monsoon winds, leaving the northwestern region in a [[rain shadow]]. The Thar Desert is thinly populated; the City of [[Jodhpur]] is the largest city in the desert and a major metropolitan area of India which is known as the gateway of the Thar desert. The desert has some major districts like [[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur]], [[Jaisalmer]], Barmer, [[Bikaner]], and [[Nagaur district|Nagaur]]. This area is also important from a defence point of view. [[Jodhpur]] airbase is one of the largest airbases in India, BSF and Military bases are also situated here. Currently four civil airports are located here: Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Nagaur, of which Jodhpur is the major civil airport, being the 44th busiest airport in India and one of the oldest air strips of India, being built in the 1920s.

The [[Northwestern thorn scrub forests]] lie in a band around the Thar Desert, between the desert and the Aravallis. This region receives less than 400&nbsp; mm of rain annually. Temperatures can sometimes exceed 45&nbsp;°C in the summer months and drop below freezing point in the winter. The [[Godwar]], [[Marwar]], and [[Shekhawati]] [[List of regions in India|regions]] lie in the thorn scrub forest zone, along with the city of Jodhpur. The [[Luni River]] and its tributaries are the major river system of Godwar and Marwar regions, draining the western slopes of the Aravallis and emptying southwest into the great [[Rann of Kutch]] wetland in neighbouring [[Gujarat]]. This river is saline in the lower reaches and remains potable only up to Balotara in [[Barmer district]]. The [[Ghaggar River]], which originates in [[Haryana]], is an intermittent stream that disappears into the sands of the Thar Desert in the northern corner of the state and is seen as a remnant of the primitive [[Sarasvati river]].
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Mt. Abu.jpg|[[Mount Abu]] is a popular hill station in Rajasthan.
File: A sunset on the dunes of the Great Indian Thar Desert Rajasthan India.jpg|The [[Thar Desert]] near [[Jaisalmer]].
File: An aerial view of Udaipur and Aravali hills Rajasthan India 2012.jpg|Aerial view Udaipur and Aravali hills.
</gallery>

== Flora and fauna ==
{{main|Wildlife of Rajasthan}}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em; float:right; width:25%;"
|+ State symbols of Rajasthan
|-
| '''Formation day'''
| 1 November
|-
| '''State animal'''
| [[Chinkara]]<ref name="Rajasthan State Symbol">{{cite web|title=States and Union Territories Symbols|url=http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=16#raj|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112080035/http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=16#raj|archive-date=12 November 2013}}</ref> and [[camel]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Now the state animal camel|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/now-the-state-animal-camel/1015253|access-date=7 July 2014|work=Patrika Group|date=1 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806141624/http://www.patrika.com/news/now-the-state-animal-camel/1015253|archive-date=6 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
| '''State bird'''
| [[Great Indian bustard|Godavan (great Indian bustard)]]<ref name="Rajasthan State Symbol" />
|-
| '''State flower'''
| [[Tecomella undulata|Rohida]]<ref name="Rajasthan State Symbol" />
|-
| '''State tree'''
|[[Prosopis cineraria|Khejadi]]
|}
[[File:Sonchiriya.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[great Indian bustard]] has been classed as [[critically endangered]] since 2011]]
The [[Desert National Park]] in [[Jaisalmer]], spread over an area of {{convert|3162|km2|sqmi}}, is an excellent example of the [[ecosystem]] of the Thar Desert and its diverse [[fauna (animals)|fauna]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Desert National Park |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5448/ |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=26 June 2009 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516235029/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5448/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Seashells and massive [[fossilised]] tree trunks in this park record the geological history of the desert. The region is a haven for [[bird migration|migratory]] and resident birds of the desert. One can see many [[eagle]]s, [[harrier (bird)|harriers]], [[falcon]]s, [[buzzard]]s, [[kestrel]]s and [[vulture]]s. [[Short-toed snake eagle]]s (''Circaetus gallicus''), [[tawny eagle]]s (''Aquila rapax''), [[spotted eagle]]s (''Aquila clanga''), [[laggar falcon]]s (''Falco jugger'') and kestrels are some of the raptor species seen in Desert National Park. Road traffic inside the Park is, however, a threat to several wild species of the park with several species of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals reported to have died as roadkill.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kumawat |first1=Rakesh |last2=Ashok |first2=Purohit |date=2020 |title=Impact and assessment of wildlife mortalities on road due to vehicular movements in Desert National Park, Rajasthan, India |url=https://www.ajcb.in/journals/short_others_july_2020/AJCB-Vol9-No1-Kumawat-Purohit.pdf |journal=Asian Journal of Conservation Biology |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=173–177 |access-date=1 March 2024 |archive-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301061946/https://www.ajcb.in/journals/short_others_july_2020/AJCB-Vol9-No1-Kumawat-Purohit.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Ranthambore National Park]] located in [[Sawai Madhopur]],<ref name="Sadhu et al., 2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Sadhu |first1=Ayan |last2=Jayam |first2=Peter Prem Chakravarthi |last3=Qureshi |first3=Qamar |last4=Shekhawat |first4=Raghuvir Singh |last5=Sharma |first5=Sudarshan |last6=Jhala |first6=Yadvendradev Vikramsinh |title=Demography of a small, isolated tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) population in a semi-arid region of western India |journal=BMC Zoology |volume=2 |page=16 |doi=10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y |issn=2056-3132 |date=28 November 2017|doi-access=free }}</ref> one of the well known tiger reserves in the country, became a part of [[Project Tiger]] in 1973.

[[Tal Chhapar Sanctuary]] is a very small sanctuary in [[Sujangarh]], [[Churu District]], {{convert|210|km|mi}} from [[Jaipur]] in the [[Shekhawati]] region. This sanctuary is home to a large population of [[blackbuck]]. [[Red fox|Desert foxes]] and the [[caracal]], an [[apex predator]], also known as the ''desert lynx'', can also be spotted, along with birds such as the [[partridge]], [[harrier (bird)|harrier]]s, [[Eastern Imperial Eagle|eastern imperial eagle]], [[Pale Harrier|pale harrier]], [[Marsh Harrier|marsh harrier]], [[Short-toed Eagle|short-toed eagle]], [[Tawny Eagle|tawny eagle]], [[Sparrow Hawk|sparrow hawk]], [[Crested Lark|crested lark]], [[Demoiselle Crane|demoiselle crane]], [[Oriental skylark|skylarks]], [[Green Bee-eater|green bee-eater]], [[Brown Dove|brown dove]], [[Black Ibis|black ibis]], and [[sand grouse]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tal Chhapar Black Buck Sanctuary |date=29 June 2013 |url=https://www.insideindianjungles.com/wildlife-sanctuaries/tal-chhapar-wildlife-sanctuary/ |website=Inside Indian Jungles |access-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408182034/https://www.insideindianjungles.com/wildlife-sanctuaries/tal-chhapar-wildlife-sanctuary/ |archive-date=8 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[great Indian bustard]], known locally as the ''godavan'', and which is a state bird, has been classed as critically endangered since 2011.<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Ardeotis nigriceps'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T22691932A134188105 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22691932A134188105.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>

=== Wildlife protection ===
[[File:Reclining Tiger, Ranthambore National Park.JPG|thumb|left|Reclining tiger, [[Ranthambore National Park]]]]
Rajasthan is also noted for its national parks and [[wildlife]] sanctuaries. There are four national parks and wildlife sanctuaries: [[Keoladeo National Park]] of [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]], [[Sariska Tiger Reserve]] of Alwar, [[Ranthambore National Park]] of [[Sawai Madhopur]], and [[Desert National Park]] of Jaisalmer. A national-level institute, [[Arid Forest Research Institute]] (AFRI) an autonomous institute of the ministry of forestry is situated in Jodhpur and continuously works on desert flora and their conservation.

[[Ranthambore National Park]] is 7&nbsp;km from [[Sawai Madhopur]] Railway Station. It is known worldwide for its tiger population and is considered by both wilderness lovers and photographers as one of the best places in India to spot tigers. At one point, due to poaching and negligence, tigers became extinct at Sariska, but five tigers have been relocated there.<ref>{{cite news|title=A tale of two tiger reserves|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/a-tale-of-two-tiger-reserves/article3019496.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=21 March 2012|access-date=29 January 2014|location=Jaipur|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203160826/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/a-tale-of-two-tiger-reserves/article3019496.ece|archive-date=3 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Prominent among the wildlife sanctuaries are [[Mount Abu]] Sanctuary, Bhensrod Garh Sanctuary, [[Darrah National Park|Darrah Sanctuary]], Jaisamand Sanctuary, [[Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary]], Jawahar Sagar Sanctuary, and [[Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary]].

== Governance and administration ==
{{Main|Politics of Rajasthan|Government of Rajasthan|Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan}}

[[File:Rajassembly.jpg|left|thumb|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
The state is governed by a parliamentary system of representative democracy. The governor serves as the state's constitutional leader, whereas the [[List of chief ministers of Rajasthan|chief minister]] assumes the role of both the head of the government and the head of the council of ministers. The [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] consists of 200 members who are elected for five-year terms. The state contributes 25 seats to [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the Indian Parliament, and 10 seats to [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house.<ref name="RS">{{cite web |title=MEMBERS OF RAJYA SABHA (STATE WISE LIST) |url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/Members/StateWiseSummary |publisher=Rajya Sabha |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326055714/https://rajyasabha.nic.in/Members/StateWiseSummary |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="LS">{{cite web |title=State-wise Representation Of Members |url=https://loksabha.nic.in/members/statewisestatisticallist.aspx |publisher=Lok Sabha |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326055713/https://loksabha.nic.in/members/statewisestatisticallist.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Government of Rajasthan]] is a democratically elected body in India with the governor as its constitutional head. [[List of governors of Rajasthan|Governor]] is appointed by the [[President of India]] for a five-year term. The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the chief minister by the governor, and the council of ministers are appointed by the governor on the advice of the [[List of chief ministers of Rajasthan|chief minister]]. The governor remains a ceremonial head of the state, while the chief minister and his council are responsible for day-to-day government functions. The council of ministers consists of [[Cabinet Ministers]], [[Ministers of State]] (MoS) and Deputy Ministers. The Secretariat headed by the Chief Secretary assists the council of ministers. The [[Chief secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] is also the administrative head of the government. Each government department is headed by a minister, who is assisted by an [[Additional Chief Secretary]] or a Principal Secretary, who is usually an officer of [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS), the Additional Chief Secretary/Principal Secretary serve as the administrative head of the department they are assigned to. Each department also has officers of the rank of Secretary, Special Secretary, Joint Secretary etc. assisting the Minister and the Additional Chief Secretary/Principal Secretary.

For the administration purpose, the state is divided into 07 divisions and 41 districts. [[Divisional Commissioner]], is the head of administration on the divisional level.<ref name="Divisionalise">{{cite web |title=Civil Officer Details |url=https://dop.rajasthan.gov.in/Content/civilsearch/CivilOfficerDetail.aspx?ofcusername=A99SL01 |publisher=Department of Personnel (DOP), Rajasthan |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326060250/https://dop.rajasthan.gov.in/Content/civilsearch/CivilOfficerDetail.aspx?ofcusername=A99SL01 |url-status=live }}</ref> The administration in each district is headed by a [[District magistrate|District Collector]]/District Magistrate, who is also an IAS officer, and is assisted by a number of officers belonging to [[Rajasthan Public Service Commission|Rajasthan Administrative Services]]. In Rajasthan, the police force is led by an IPS officer holding the position of [[Director General of Police]]. Each district is supervised by a [[Superintendent of Police]], also an IPS officer, who is supported by officers from the Rajasthan Police Services. Their primary responsibility involves maintaining law and order and addressing relevant issues within their respective districts. The management of forests, environment, and wildlife in the district is overseen by the [[Forest range officer|Divisional Forest Officer]], who is a member of the [[Indian Forest Service]]. This responsibility is carried out with the assistance of officers from the [[Rajasthan Forest Service]] and Rajasthan Subordinate Service.

[[File:New Rajasthan High Court Building.jpg|right|thumb|Rajasthan High Court]]
Rajasthan has its [[Rajasthan High Court|High court]] Jodhpur which has its principal seat at [[Jodhpur]] and a bench at [[Jaipur]], with district courts and session courts in each district or Sessions Division, and lower courts at the tehsil level.<ref name="High Court">{{cite web |title=Judiciary |url=https://rajasthan.gov.in/Judiciary.aspx?menu_id=8 |publisher=Government of Rajasthan |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326060958/https://rajasthan.gov.in/Judiciary.aspx?menu_id=8 |url-status=live }}</ref> The president of India appoints the chief justice of the High Court of Rajasthan judiciary on the advice of the [[Chief Justice of India|Chief Justice]] of the [[Supreme Court of India]] as well as the governor of Rajasthan. In Rajasthan, the Subordinate Judicial Service is an essential component of the state's judiciary, and it is divided into two categories: the Rajasthan Civil Judicial Services and the Rajasthan Higher Judicial Service.<ref name="High Court History">{{cite web |title=History Of The Rajasthan High Court |url=https://hcraj.nic.in/hcraj/history.php |publisher=Rajasthan High Court |access-date=3 August 2023 |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810225609/https://hcraj.nic.in/hcraj/history.php |url-status=live }}</ref> The former includes Civil Judges (Junior Division)/Judicial Magistrates and Civil Judges (Senior Division)/Chief Judicial Magistrate. On the other hand, the latter consists of Civil and Sessions Judges. The [[District courts of India|District Judge]] has control over the Subordinate Judicial Service in Rajasthan.

The politics of Rajasthan has mainly been dominated mainly by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and the [[Indian National Congress]].

Chief Secretary Of Rajasthan is V. Srinivas<ref>{{cite web |title=मुख्य सचिव |url=https://rajasthan.gov.in/pages/sm/department-page/142678/877 |website=Government of Rajasthan |access-date=20 March 2026}}</ref> and [[Director general of police|Director General of Police]] or DGP of Rajasthan is Umesh Mishra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=राजस्थान पुलिस के मुखिया बने उमेश मिश्रा, जानें कौन हैं गहलोत के पसंदीदा IPS अफसर DGP मिश्रा? |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/rajasthan/jaipur/new-raj-dgp-umesh-mishra-is-the-1989-batch-ips-officer-of-rajasthan-cadre/articleshow/95130555.cms |website=Navbharat Times |access-date=20 April 2023 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420174956/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/rajasthan/jaipur/new-raj-dgp-umesh-mishra-is-the-1989-batch-ips-officer-of-rajasthan-cadre/articleshow/95130555.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Regions, divisions, districts and cities===
{{Main|Districts of Rajasthan|List of urban local bodies in Rajasthan}}

[[File:New Rajasthan with 50 Districts.jpg|alt=refer caption|thumb|Districts of Rajasthan]]
[[File:Udaipur Lake India.JPG|thumb|[[Lake Palace]] and [[Jag Mandir]] from a distance, [[Lake Pichola]], Udaipur.]]
[[File:Jodhpur modern Skyline2.jpg|thumb|Modern Jodhpur skyline]]

Rajasthan is composed of the following geographical, political and historical regions:
#[[Bagar region|Bagar]]
#[[Hadoti]]
#[[Dhundhar]]
#[[Gorwar]]
#[[Shekhawati]]
#[[Mewar]]
#[[Marwar]]
#[[Vagad]]
#[[Mewat]]
#[[Braj|Brij]]
#[[Ajmer-Merwara]]

Rajasthan is divided into 41 districts within 7 [[Divisions of Rajasthan|divisions]]:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! [[Divisions of Rajasthan|Division]]
! [[Districts of Rajasthan|Districts]]
|-
|[[Ajmer division|Ajmer]]
| {{hlist |[[Ajmer District|Ajmer]] |[[Beawar district|Beawar]]|[[Nagaur District|Nagaur]] |[[Tonk District|Tonk]]|7=[[Didwana-Kuchaman district|Didwana-Kuchaman]]}}
|-
|[[Bharatpur division|Bharatpur]]
| {{hlist |[[Bharatpur District|Bharatpur]] |[[Deeg district|Deeg]] |[[Dholpur District|Dholpur]] |[[Karauli District|Karauli]] |[[Sawai Madhopur District|Sawai Madhopur]]}}
|-
|[[Bikaner division|Bikaner]]
| {{hlist |[[Bikaner District|Bikaner]] |[[Jhunjhunun district|Jhunjhunun]]|[[Sri Ganganagar district|Sri Ganganagar]] |[[Hanumangarh District|Hanumangarh]]|[[Churu district|Churu]]}}
|-
|[[Jaipur division|Jaipur]]
| {{hlist |[[Jaipur District|Jaipur]] |3=[[Alwar District|Alwar]]|4=[[Khairthal-Tijara district|Khairthal-Tijara]]|5=[[Dausa District|Dausa]]|6=[[Dudu district|Dudu]]|7=[[Kotputli-Behror district|Kotputli-Behror]]}}
|-
|[[Jodhpur division|Jodhpur]]
| {{hlist |[[Barmer District|Barmer]] |[[Jaisalmer District|Jaisalmer]] |[[Phalodi district|Phalodi]]|5=[[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur]]|6=[[Balotra district|Balotra]]|7=[[Jalore district|Jalore]]|8=[[Pali district|Pali]]|9=[[Sirohi district|Sirohi]]}}
|-
|[[Kota division|Kota]]
| {{hlist |[[Baran District|Baran]] |[[Bundi District|Bundi]] |[[Jhalawar District|Jhalawar]] |[[Kota District|Kota]]}}
|-
|[[Udaipur division|Udaipur]]
| {{hlist |[[Udaipur District|Udaipur]] |[[Salumbar district|Salumbar]]|[[Chittorgarh district|Chittorgarh]] |[[Bhilwara district|Bhilwara]]|[[Rajsamand district|Rajsamand]]|[[Banswara district|Banswara]]|8=[[Pratapgarh, Rajasthan|Pratapgarh]]|9=[[Dungarpur district|Dungarpur]]}}
|-
|}

A [[district collector]] and [[district magistrate]], who is appointed by the government from the cadre of [[Indian Administrative Service]] or [[Rajasthan Administrative Service]], administer each district. Each district is divided into subdivisions headed by a [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate]] (SDM), comprising tehsils under [[Tehsildar]]s, primarily responsible for land revenue administration.<ref>{{cite web |title=Notifications - Revenue Units |url=https://landrevenue.rajasthan.gov.in/content/landrevenuenew/en/rajasthan-revenue-department/documents/notifications-revenue-units.html |website=Government of Rajasthan, India |access-date=3 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, districts are further divided into [[Community development block|blocks]] for rural development administration, headed by [[Block (district subdivision)|Block Development Officers]] (BDOs). A block consists of panchayats ([[Gram panchayat|village councils]]).

[[Panchayat samiti|Panchayat Samitis]] are intermediate level panchayat between the [[District Councils of India|Zilla Parishad]] (district councils) at the district level and [[gram panchayat]] (village councils) at the lower level. These [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayati Raj institutions]] govern rural areas of districts, with elections held every five years.<ref>{{cite web |title=State Election Commission, Rajasthan |url=https://sec.rajasthan.gov.in/About-Us.aspx |website=[[Government of Rajasthan]] |access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref>

Rajasthan has 5 cities with over one million population. The absolute urban population of the state is 17.4 million, which constitutes 24.87% of the total urban population of the state. There are 10 [[municipal corporation]]s, 34 [[municipal council]]s and 172 municipal boards or [[Nagar panchayat|nagar parishads]] in the state. [[Jaipur]], [[Jodhpur]], and [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] have two municipal corporations each since October 2019, as their populations have exceeded 1&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajasthan: Jaipur, Jodhpur and Kota to get additional municipal corporations|url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/rajasthan-jaipur-jodhpur-and-kota-to-get-additional-municipal-corporations/71670354|access-date=8 October 2020|website=ETGovernment.com|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326062426/https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/rajasthan-jaipur-jodhpur-and-kota-to-get-additional-municipal-corporations/71670354|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Communication ==
Major internet service provider (ISP) and telecom companies are present in Rajasthan including [[Vodafone Idea]], [[BSNL]], [[Airtel]], [[Jio]], [[Data Infosys Limited]], [[RailTel Corporation of India]], [[Software Technology Parks of India]] (STPI). Data Infosys was the first ISP to bring the internet to Rajasthan in April 1999<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-16/news/30631907_1_isp-email-system-family-business|title=Rajasthan's first ISP|website=timesofindia-economictimes|access-date=10 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610214934/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-16/news/30631907_1_isp-email-system-family-business|archive-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> and [[Airtel India|OASIS]] was the first private mobile telephone company.

== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of Rajasthan}}

[[File:PV power plants cluster Bhadla (India) develpment 2016 2018 2020.png|thumb|Timeline of the [[Bhadla Solar Park]] (India) development, the World's largest photovoltaic power plants cluster in 2020]]
Rajasthan's economy is primarily agricultural and [[pastoral]]. Wheat and [[barley]] are cultivated over large areas, as are [[pulse (legume)|pulses]], [[sugarcane]], and [[oilseed]]s. Cotton and tobacco are the state's cash crops. Rajasthan is among the largest producers of [[edible oil]]s in India and the second-largest producer of [[oilseeds]]. Rajasthan is also the biggest [[wool]]-producing state in India and the main [[opium]] producer and consumer. There are mainly two crop seasons. The water for irrigation comes from wells and tanks. The [[Indira Gandhi Canal]] irrigates northwestern Rajasthan.
[[File:Bada Bagh1.jpg|alt=|thumb|left|Wind turbines near Bada Bagh, Rajasthan.]]
The main industries are mineral based, agriculture-based, and [[textiles|textile]] based. Rajasthan is the second-largest producer of [[polyester]] fibre in India. Several prominent chemical and engineering companies are located in the city of [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], in southern Rajasthan. Rajasthan is pre-eminent in [[quarrying]] and mining in India. The [[Taj Mahal]] was built from white marble which was mined from a town called [[Makrana]]. The state is the second-largest source of cement in India. It has rich salt deposits at [[Sambhar, Rajasthan|Sambhar]], copper mines at [[Khetri]], [[Jhunjhunu]], and [[zinc]] mines at Dariba, Zawar mines and Rampura Agucha (opencast) near [[Bhilwara]]. Dimensional stone mining is also undertaken in Rajasthan. Jodhpur [[sandstone]] is mostly used in monuments, important buildings, and residential buildings. This stone is termed as ''Chittar Patthar''. Jodhpur leads in the [[handicraft]] and [[Guar Gum|guar gum]] industries.
Rajasthan is also a part of the Mumbai-Delhi Industrial corridor set to benefit economically. The state gets 39% of the DMIC, with major districts of Jaipur, Alwar, Kota and Bhilwara benefiting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Business Opportunities|url=http://www.rajasthan.gov.in/StateProfile/BusinessOpportunities/Pages/Business-Opportunity.aspx|publisher=Government of Rajasthan|access-date=11 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210064822/http://www.rajasthan.gov.in/StateProfile/BusinessOpportunities/Pages/Business-Opportunity.aspx|archive-date=10 February 2014}}</ref>

Rajasthan also has reserves of low-silica limestone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsmm.com/mininglime.htm|title=Rajasthan state mines and minerals limited|access-date=14 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605044357/http://rsmm.com/mininglime.htm|archive-date=5 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rajasthan connected 100% of its population to electricity power in 2019 (raising the rate of electricity access from 71% of the population in 2015).<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Naimoli|first1=Stephen|last2=Singh|first2=Kartikeya|date=October 2019|title=Engaging with India's Electrification Agenda: Powering Rajasthan|url=https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/191009_U.S.IndiaState_Rajasthan_v2.pdf|access-date=16 July 2020|publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)|archive-date=16 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716171135/https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/191009_U.S.IndiaState_Rajasthan_v2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The renewable energy sector plays the most important role in the increase of generation capacities, with the main focus on [[solar energy]]. In 2020, [[Bhadla Solar Park]] was recognised as the largest cluster of [[Photovoltaic power station|photovoltaic power plants]] in a single region in the world, with the installed power exceeding the 2.2 gigawatt peak.

Rajasthan is also a significant producer of silver. The state produced 679.172 tonnes of silver in 2018–19, 609.153 tonnes in 2019–20, and 705.676 tonnes in 2020–21.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Indian Minerals Yearbook 2021 - Silver |url=https://ibm.gov.in/writereaddata/files/02132023162941Silver_2021.pdf |journal=Indian Bureau of Mines |date=Feb 2023| edition=60}}</ref>

== Transportation ==
Rajasthan is connected by many national highways, the most renowned being [[NH 8]], which is India's first 4–8 lane highway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rajasthandirect.com/tourism/transportation/rajasthan-national-highways|title=Rajasthan National Highways – List of Rajasthan Roads and Highway|access-date=18 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214193054/http://www.rajasthandirect.com/tourism/transportation/rajasthan-national-highways|archive-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Rajasthan also has an inter-city surface transport system both in terms of railways and bus network. All chief cities are connected by air, rail, and road.

===Air===
[[Jaipur International Airport]] (JAI) in Jaipur, is the state's largest, busiest and only international airport. Jaipur International Airport offers international service to [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai]], [[Don Mueang International Airport|Bangkok]], [[Sharjah International Airport|Sharjah]] and [[Muscat International Airport|Muscat]]. There are five civilian airports in Rajasthan including [[Jodhpur Airport]], [[Udaipur Airport]], [[Kishangarh Airport|Ajmer Airport]], [[Nal Airport|Bikaner Airport]] and [[Jaisalmer Airport]].<ref name="Domestic">{{cite web |title=A comprehensive guide to airports in India |url=https://www.goindigo.in/airport-directory/india.html |publisher=Indigo |access-date=28 March 2023 |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328044700/https://www.goindigo.in/airport-directory/india.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Domestic airports are operated by the [[Airports Authority of India]] (AAI) and shares its airside with the Indian Air Force. These airports connect Rajasthan with the major cities of India such as Mumbai, [[Kolkata]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Chennai]] and [[Bangalore]].

=== Railway===
[[Indian Railways|Railways]] length in the state constitute 8.66 per cent of all India route length. [[Jaipur Junction railway station|Jaipur Junction]] is the headquarters of the [[North Western Railway zone|North Western Railway]].<ref name="NWR">{{cite web |title=North Western Railway / Indian Railways Portal |url=https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/TenderDetails_cpp.jsp?T_ID=4001&lang=0&id=0,3 |publisher=Indian Railways |access-date=9 April 2023 |archive-date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409162702/https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/TenderDetails_cpp.jsp?T_ID=4001&lang=0&id=0,3 |url-status=live }}</ref> Jaipur, [[Ajmer Junction railway station|Ajmer]], [[Bikaner Junction railway station|Bikaner]] are the busiest railway stations in the state. [[Kota Junction railway station|Kota]] is the only electrified section served by three Rajdhani Expresses and trains to all major cities of India. [[Jaipur Superfast Express]], fastest train under [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]] category of trains; connects the finance capital of India [[Mumbai]] to Jaipur. [[luxury train|Luxury tourist train]] [[Maharajas' Express]] runs across North-West and Central India, mainly centred on Rajasthan. There is also an international railway, the [[Thar Express]] from [[Jodhpur]] (India) to [[Karachi]] (Pakistan). However, this is not open to foreign nationals. [[Jaipur Metro]] is the metro rail system in the city of Jaipur. It is the only metro rail system in Rajasthan and has been operational since 3 June 2015. It is the first metro in India to run on triple-storey elevated road and metro track.

=== Road===
The state is served by a substantial road network, providing links between urban centres, agricultural market-places and rural areas. There are 33 [[National highways of India|national highways]] (NH) in the state, covering a total distance of {{convert|10004.14|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Highway">{{cite web |title=Development of Roads and Highways in Rajasthan |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=180858 |publisher=Ministry of Road Transport & Highways |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327055753/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=180858 |url-status=live }}</ref> The state has a total road length of {{convert|269028|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The [[Third Gehlot ministry|Department of Public Works]] is responsible for maintaining and expanding the [[List of state highways in Rajasthan|state highways]] system and major district roads. [[Jaipur–Kishangarh Expressway]] forms a segment of the [[NH-8]] which is a part of the [[Golden Quadrilateral]] project. [[Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation]] (RSRTC) was established in 1964 to provide economical and reliable passenger road transport service in the state with connecting services to adjoining states.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsrtc.gov.in/|title=rsrtc.gov.in|access-date=18 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112022156/http://www.rsrtc.gov.in/|archive-date=12 January 2012}}</ref> For travelling locally, the state, like most of the country, has [[auto rickshaw]]s and [[cycle rickshaw]]s. Average speed on state highways varies between {{convert|50|and(-)|60|km/h|mph}} due to the heavy presence of vehicles; in villages and towns, speeds are as low as {{cvt|25|–|30|km/h|mph}}.<ref name="Speed Limit">{{cite news |title=Speed limit on expressways |url=https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/news/speed-limit-on-expressways-may-be-increased-nitin-gadkari-to-discuss-proposal-41662525886957.html |access-date=9 April 2023 |work=HT Auto |agency=Hindustan Times |date=7 September 2022 |archive-date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409163230/https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/news/speed-limit-on-expressways-may-be-increased-nitin-gadkari-to-discuss-proposal-41662525886957.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:NIGHT - Jaipur International Airport (13-07-2022) 02.jpg|[[Jaipur International Airport]]
File:Maharajas' Express - Mayur Mahal, dining (4809207224).jpg|Maharajah's Express dining saloon
File:Jaipur 03-2016 34 Jaipur Metro.jpg|The [[Jaipur Metro]] is an important urban transportation link
File:National highway 841.jpg|[[NH 8]] between [[Udaipur]] and [[Ahmedabad]]
</gallery>

== Demographics ==
===Population===
{{See also|List of people from Rajasthan}}
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=10294090|13=1911|14=10983509|15=1921|16=10292648|17=1931|18=11747974|19=1941|20=13863859|21=1951|22=15970774|23=1961|24=20155602|25=1971|26=25765806|27=1981|28=34261862|29=1991|30=44005990|31=2001|32=56507188|33=2011|34=68548437|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Census of India Website: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=13 December 2019|archive-date=8 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808131957/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|url-status=live}}</ref>|align=right}}

According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Rajasthan has a total population of 68,548,437.<ref name="RjPOP" /> The state contributes to 5.66% of India's population. The population density is 201 people per square kilometre. The [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] in 2011, at 928 women to 1000 men, was lower than the national figure of 943. The native [[Rajasthani people]] make up the majority of the state's population. The state of Rajasthan is also populated by [[Sindhi people|Sindhis]], who came to Rajasthan from [[Sindh province]] (now in [[Pakistan]]) during the India-Pakistan separation in 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|title=Census of India|access-date=21 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|archive-date=13 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Brahmins, according to ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' constituted 8% to 10% of the population of Rajasthan as per a 2003 report, but only 7% in a 2007 report.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/distribution-of-brahmin-population/220442|title=Distribution Of Brahmin Population|date=16 June 2003|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|access-date=7 December 2019|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806145222/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/distribution-of-brahmin-population/220442|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/brahmins-in-india/234783|title=Brahmins in India|date=4 June 2007|work=Outlook|access-date=8 December 2019|archive-date=30 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730051814/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/brahmins-in-india/234783|url-status=live}}</ref> According to a 2007 ''[[DNA India]]'' report, 12.5% of the state are Brahmins.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rajasthan-s-brahmins-now-seek-job-quotas-1106039|title=Rajasthan's Brahmins now seek job quotas|date=26 June 2007|work=DNA India|access-date=7 December 2019|language=en|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206204733/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rajasthan-s-brahmins-now-seek-job-quotas-1106039|url-status=live}}</ref> According to a report by ''[[Moneycontrol.com]]'' at the time of [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]], the [[Scheduled Caste]] (SC) population was 18%, [[Scheduled Tribe]] (ST) was 13%, [[Jats]] 12%, [[Gurjars]] and [[Rajputs]] 9% each, [[Brahmin]]s and [[Meena]]s 7% each.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Handa |first1=Aakriti |title=Rajasthan Assembly Polls 2018: The caste dynamics in the state and the race for reservations |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/politics/rajasthan-assembly-polls-2018-the-caste-dynamics-in-the-state-and-the-race-for-reservations-3086771.html |access-date=27 March 2020 |work=Moneycontrol |date=25 October 2018 |archive-date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327114437/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/politics/rajasthan-assembly-polls-2018-the-caste-dynamics-in-the-state-and-the-race-for-reservations-3086771.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report from 2019 also agrees to the total ST population of 13%, of which [[Meenas]] constitute the biggest group at 7%.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goswami |first1=Rakesh |title=In Rajasthan, tribal body acts as family court for ST couples |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-rajasthan-a-tribal-organization-not-courts-gives-divorce-decrees/story-kAU0nQnORMI5O80aVMeMdJ.html |access-date=7 April 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 July 2019 |language=en |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406143759/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-rajasthan-a-tribal-organization-not-courts-gives-divorce-decrees/story-kAU0nQnORMI5O80aVMeMdJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to a [[Deutsche Welle]] report, the Jats constitute 12–15% of the population of Rajasthan, followed by Meenas with 10% and Gurjars with 6%.<ref>{{cite news |title=आखिर क्यों भड़कते हैं आरक्षण के आंदोलन {{!}} DW {{!}} 12 February 2019 |url=https://www.dw.com/hi/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8/a-47474059 |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=Deutsche Welle |language=hi |archive-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512132458/https://www.dw.com/hi/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8/a-47474059 |url-status=live }}</ref> While as per a 2007 [[BBC Hindi]] report, Meenas were 14% and Gurjars were 4% of the state's population.<ref>{{cite news |title=वसुंधरा के लिए सांप छछूंदर वाली स्थिति |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/regionalnews/story/2007/06/printable/070602_rajasthan_analysis |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=BBC |date=June 2007 |language=hi |archive-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512175020/https://www.bbc.com/hindi/regionalnews/story/2007/06/printable/070602_rajasthan_analysis |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Bar chart
| title=Largest cities of Rajasthan by population
| label_type=City |data_type=Population
| bar_width=35 |width_units=em |data_max=3,500,000
| label1=[[Jaipur]] |data1=3,073,349
| label2=[[Jodhpur]] |data2=1,138,300
| label3=[[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] |data3=1,001,694
| label4=[[Bikaner]] |data4= 647,804
| label5=[[Ajmer]] |data5= 551,101
| label6=[[Udaipur]] |data6= 474,531
| label7=[[Bhilwara]] |data7= 360,009
| label8=[[Alwar]] |data8= 341,422
| label9=[[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]] |data9= 252,838
| label10=[[Sri Ganganagar]] |data10= 249,914
}}

=== Language ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Rajasthan (2011)<ref name="census2011-langreport">{{cite web |title=Language – India, States and Union Territories |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |work=Census of India 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General |pages=13–14 |access-date=22 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114073412/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|label1 = [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] |value1 = 36.88 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 27.34 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]] |value3 = 9.05 |color3 = maroon
|label4 = [[Mewari language|Mewari]] |value4 = 6.1 |color4 = pink
|label5 = [[Wagdi]] |value5 = 5.54 |color5 = darkviolet
|label6 = [[Hadauti language|Hadauti]] |value6 = 4.29 |color6 = indianred
|label7 = [[Dhundari language|Dhundari]] |value7 = 2.15 |color7 = sienna
|label8 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value8 = 1.68 |color8 = gold
|label9 = [[Braj Bhasha]] |value9 = 1.19 |color9 = wheat
|label10 = [[Bagri language|Bagri]] |value10 = 1.03 |color10 = goldenrod
|label11 = Others |value11 = 4.75 |color11 = Grey
}}

[[Hindi]] is the official language of the state, while [[English language|English]] is the additional official language.<ref name="Language"/>

The languages of Rajasthan primarily belong to the [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani group]] of [[Indo-Aryan languages]], which most people regard as their own language. In the north are dialects of [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Bagri language|Bagri]], which is a transition between Rajasthani and Punjabi. In the northeast [[Shekhawati language|Shekhawati]] and [[Dhundari language|Dhundari]] are spoken which gradually merge with [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]]. In the east [[Mewati language|Mewati]] is spoken in the [[Mewat|Mewat region]], while in the far east [[Braj Bhasha|Braj]] is spoken.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yogesh |first=Kumar, Ritesh Lahiri, Bornini Alok, Deepak Ojha, Atul Kr. Jain, Mayank Basit, Abdul Dawer |title=Automatic Identification of Closely-related Indian Languages: Resources and Experiments |date=26 March 2018 |oclc=1228352635 }}</ref> To the southeast Haryanvi is spoken. To the west in the heart of the Thar Desert [[Marwari language|Marwari]] is spoken, which merges to [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] in the southwest. In the south, in the [[Mewar]] region, [[Mewari language|Mewari]] is spoken, while in the hills of [[Vagad|Wagad]], [[Wagdi]], a [[Bhil languages|Bhil language]], is spoken. Many speakers of Rajasthani languages refer to their language as Hindi, and Standard Hindi is the medium of education and is common in cities. [[Urdu]] is also common in cities although the vast majority of Muslims speak one of the Rajasthani languages as their first language. [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] is also common in the cities and along the border with Sindh in Pakistan where [[Dhatki language|Dhatki]], a transition between Marwari and Sindhi, is the main dialect on both sides of the border.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} The literacy rate of Rajasthan was 66.11% according to the [[2011 census of India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Chapter-3 (Literates and Literacy Rate) - Rajasthan |url=https://rajasthan.census.gov.in/pca_2011_final_data/pca_chapter_3.pdf |page=46 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref>

The languages taught under the [[three-language formula]] are:<ref>{{cite web|title=51st Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM51stReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|date=15 July 2015|access-date=15 February 2018|page=44|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216025959/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM51stReport.pdf|archive-date=16 February 2018}}</ref>

*First language: Hindi
*Second language: English
*Third language: Gujarati, Punjabi, [[Sanskrit]], Sindhi or Urdu

===Religion===
Rajasthan's residents are mainly [[Hindus]], who account for 88.49% of the population. [[Rajasthani Muslims|Muslims]] make up 9.07%, [[Sikhs]] 1.27% and [[Jainism|Jains]] 0.91% of the population.
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Rajasthan (2011)<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|color1 = DarkOrange
|value1 = 88.50
|label2 = [[Rajasthani Muslims|Islam]]
|color2 = Green
|value2 = 9.07
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|color3 = Yellow
|value3 = 1.27
|label4 = [[Jainism in Rajasthan|Jainism]] |color4 = brown |value4 = 0.91
|label5 = [[Christianity]] |color5 = Blue |value5 = 0.14
|label6 = [[Buddhism]] |color6 = Gold |value6 = 0.02
|label7 = Other religions
|color7 = Gray
|value7 = 0.10
}}

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Rajasthan}}

{{Rajasthanis}}

=== Food ===
[[File:Rajasthani food.jpg|thumb|Rajasthani food]]
[[Rajasthani cuisine|Rajasthani cooking]] was influenced by both the war-like lifestyles of its inhabitants and the availability of ingredients in this arid region. Food that could last for several days and could be eaten without heating was preferred. Thus, pickles of Rajasthan are quite famous for their tangy and spicy flavour. The ''Panchkuta'' delicacy is also a famous one – meaning 5 vegetables – a dish that lasts for several days, and is made out of certain weed plants that only grow in the wild desert. The scarcity of water and fresh green vegetables have all had their effect on cooking. It is known for its snacks like [[Bikaneri Bhujia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=It's one of India's tastiest snacks. But there's only one place you can sample the real thing |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/bikaneri-bhujia-indian-snack-rajasthan-intl-hnk/index.html |website=CNN |date=12 September 2022 |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421080311/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/bikaneri-bhujia-indian-snack-rajasthan-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Other famous dishes include ''bajre ki roti'' (millet bread) and ''lahsun ki chutney'' (hot garlic paste), ''mawa kachori'' [[Mirchi Bada]], [[Pyaaj Kachori]] and [[ghevar]] from Jodhpur, [[Alwar]] ka Mawa (milk cake),<ref>{{Cite news |title=In search of Alwar Ka Kalakand |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/in-search-of-alwar-ka-kalakand/article4884208.ece |website=The Hindu |date=6 July 2013 |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421080311/https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/in-search-of-alwar-ka-kalakand/article4884208.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Kadhi kachori'' from Ajmer, ''Malpua'' from Pushkar, Daal [[kachori]] (Kota kachori) from Kota and rassgullas from Bikaner.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}} Originating from the [[Marwar]] region of the state is the concept of [[Marwari Bhojnalaya]] or vegetarian restaurants, today found in many parts of India, which offer vegetarian food popular among [[Marwari people]]. Ghee is an essential ingredient in most Rajasthani cuisines, and dollops of ghee are poured over food as a welcoming gesture for guests.[[File:Rajasthani Dish.jpg|alt=|thumb|Dal Bati Choorma, a traditional Rajasthani Dish]] [[Dal baati|Dal-baati-churma]] is very popular in Rajasthan. The traditional way to serve it is to first coarsely mash the baati, and then pour pure ghee on top of it. It is served with daal (lentils) and spicy garlic chutney; it is also served with besan (gram flour) ki kadi. It is commonly served at all festivities, including religious occasions, wedding ceremonies, and birthday parties in Rajasthan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TBI Food Secrets: The Fascinating History Behind Rajasthan's Traditional Dish Dal Baati Churma |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/73751/story-dal-baati-churma-rajasthan/ |website=The better India |date=2 November 2016 |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421080315/https://www.thebetterindia.com/73751/story-dal-baati-churma-rajasthan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Music and dance ===
{{Main|Music of Rajasthan|Folk dances of Rajasthan}}

The [[Ghoomar]] dance from Jaipur, Jodhpur, and [[Kalbelia]] of the Kalbelia tribe has gained international recognition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghoomar Dance – Folk Dance of Rajasthan |url=https://www.rajasthandirect.com/culture/dance/ghoomar |website=Rajasthan direct |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205040103/https://www.rajasthandirect.com/culture/dance/ghoomar |url-status=live }}</ref> Folk music is a large part of the Rajasthani culture. The [[Manganiyar]], [[Meena]] and [[Langha (tribe)|Langa]] communities from Rajasthan are notable for their folk music. [[Kathputli (puppetry)|Kathputli]], [[Bhopa]], Chang, Teratali, Ghindr, [[Gair dance]], Kachchhi Ghori, and [[Tejaji]] are examples of traditional Rajasthani culture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan: अपनी परंपरा और संस्कृति को दर्शाते हैं राजस्थान के ये 8 लोक नृत्य, देशभर में रखते हैं अलग पहचान |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/rajasthan/rajasthan-news-these-are-the-8-famous-folk-dance-of-rajasthan-know-about-them-2216926 |website=Abp live |date=16 September 2022 |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421080750/https://www.abplive.com/states/rajasthan/rajasthan-news-these-are-the-8-famous-folk-dance-of-rajasthan-know-about-them-2216926 |url-status=live }}</ref> Folk songs are commonly ballads that relate heroic deeds and love stories; and religious or devotional songs known as ''bhajans'' and ''banis'' which are often accompanied by musical instruments like [[dholak]], [[sitar]], and [[sarangi]] are also sung.

=== Art ===
[[File:Vintage Textile Art Shawl Odhana Textile from Rajasthan, courtesy The Wovensouls collection, Singapore.jpg|thumb|Vintage Textile Art Shawl Odhana Textile with traditional motifs from Rajasthan, courtesy The Wovensouls collection, Singapore]]
Rajasthan is known for its traditional, colourful art. The block prints, tie and dye prints, [[Gota (embroidery)|gota patti]] (main), Bagaru prints, Sanganer prints, and [[Zari]] embroidery are major export products from Rajasthan. Handicraft items like wooden furniture and crafts, carpets, and blue pottery are commonly found here.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Handicraft in Rajasthan |url=https://www.rajasthantourstoindia.com/handicraft-in-rajasthan |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421081149/https://www.rajasthantourstoindia.com/handicraft-in-rajasthan |url-status=live }}</ref> Shopping reflects the colourful culture, Rajasthani clothes have a lot of mirror work and embroidery. Traditional Rajasthani dress for females consists of an ankle-length skirt and a short top, known as ''[[chaniya choli]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's Traditional Dress |url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/an-introduction-to-rajasthans-traditional-dress/ |website=The culture trip |date=26 March 2018 |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421081149/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/an-introduction-to-rajasthans-traditional-dress/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A piece of cloth is used to cover the head, both for protection from heat and maintenance of modesty. Rajasthani dresses are usually designed in bright colours such as blue, yellow, and orange.

== Education ==
{{See also|List of institutions of higher education in Rajasthan|University of Rajasthan}}
[[File:NIIT University.jpg|alt=|thumb|NIIT University in Neemrana, Rajasthan]]
In recent years, Rajasthan has worked on improving education. The state government has been making sustained efforts to raise the education standard.

Schools in the state are either managed by the government or by private trusts. The medium of instruction in most of the schools is mainly English, or Hindi. Under the [[10+2+3 plan]], after completing secondary school, students typically enroll for two years in a [[junior college]], also known as pre-university, or in schools with a higher secondary facility affiliated with the [[Board of Secondary Education, Rajasthan|Board of Secondary Education]] or any central board. Students choose from one of three streams, namely [[liberal arts]], commerce, or science. Upon completing the required coursework, students may enrol in general or professional degree programs. The secondary schools are affiliated with the [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations]] (CISCE), the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE)]], and the [[National Institute of Open Schooling|National Institute of Open School (NIOS)]].

Rajasthan has 52 universities, 26 state funded public universities, 7 [[deemed universities]], an [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IIT]] in Jodhpur, an [[Indian Institute of Management Udaipur|IIM]] in [[Udaipur]], an [[Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur|NIT]] in Jaipur, a [[National Law University, Jodhpur|National Law University]] in Jodhpur, and one central and state-run university.<ref name="Universities">{{cite web |title=List of State Funded Universities |url=https://rajbhawan.rajasthan.gov.in/content/rajbhawan/en/highereducation/listofsfus.html |publisher=Raj Bhawan, Rajasthan |access-date=9 April 2023 |archive-date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409170420/https://rajbhawan.rajasthan.gov.in/content/rajbhawan/en/highereducation/listofsfus.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Educational">{{cite news |last1=Saroha |first1=Sakshi |title=Maximum number of universities in Rajasthan, colleges in UP: AISHE Report |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/rajasthan-up-maximum-universities-ladakh-least-aishe-report-8412285/ |access-date=9 April 2023 |work=Indian Express |agency=Indian Express Group |date=3 February 2023 |archive-date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409171919/https://indianexpress.com/article/education/rajasthan-up-maximum-universities-ladakh-least-aishe-report-8412285/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], is renowned for being a hub for training students in various national-level competitive exams that are necessary for securing admission to engineering and medical colleges across the country. In order to promote a reading culture among the rural population, the state has established new libraries up to the [[Panchayati raj|panchayat]] level and computerised all public libraries throughout the state, providing modern amenities to readers and subscriber.<ref name="Libraries">{{cite web |title=Libraries |url=https://rajasthan.gov.in/Libraries.aspx?menu_id=36 |publisher=Government of Rajasthan |access-date=9 April 2023 |archive-date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409175255/https://rajasthan.gov.in/Libraries.aspx?menu_id=36 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Literacy ===
In recent decades the [[literacy]] rate of Rajasthan has increased significantly. In 1991, the state's literacy rate was only 38.55% (54.99% male and 20.44% female). In 2001, the literacy rate increased to 60.41% (75.70% male and 43.85% female). This was the highest leap in the percentage of literacy recorded in India (the rise in female literacy being 23%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rajliteracy.org/Literacy.html|title=Directorate of Literacy and Continuing Education: Government of Rajasthan|publisher=Rajliteracy.org|access-date=5 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323190159/http://www.rajliteracy.org/Literacy.html|archive-date=23 March 2012}}</ref> At the Census 2011, Rajasthan had a literacy rate of 67.06% (80.51% male and 52.66% female). Although Rajasthan's literacy rate is below the national average of 74.04% and although its female literacy rate is the lowest in the country, the state has been praised for its efforts and achievements in raising literacy rates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/news/81-rajasthan-literacy-rate-now-67-06-census-data.html |title=Rajasthan literacy rate now 67.06: Census Data &#124; Census 2011 Indian Population |website=Census2011.co.in |date=27 April 2011 |access-date=5 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323190200/http://www.census2011.co.in/news/81-rajasthan-literacy-rate-now-67-06-census-data.html |archive-date=23 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://infopiper.com/2012/2011/rajasthan-population-2011-growth-rate-literacy-sex-ratio-in-census-2011/|title=Rajasthan Population 2011&nbsp;– Growth rate, literacy, sex ratio in Census 2011 "2011 Updates" InfoPiper|website=Infopiper.com|access-date=5 June 2012|archive-date=23 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323190211/http://infopiper.com/2012/2011/rajasthan-population-2011-growth-rate-literacy-sex-ratio-in-census-2011/}}</ref>

In rural areas of Rajasthan, the literacy rate is 76.16% for males and 45.8% for females. This has been debated across all the party levels, when the governor of Rajasthan set a minimum educational qualification for the village panchayat elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/rajasthan-governor-fixes-minimum-education-qualifications-for-panchayat-polls/|title=Rajasthan Governor fixes minimum education qualifications for Panchayat polls|date=22 December 2014|work=The Indian Express|access-date=16 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707035259/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/rajasthan-governor-fixes-minimum-education-qualifications-for-panchayat-polls/|archive-date=7 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insightsonindia.com/2015/01/06/lok-sabha-tv-insights-educational-qualification-and-elections/|title=Lok Sabha TV Insights: Educational Qualification and Elections|work=INSIGHTS|access-date=16 June 2015|date=6 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408000218/http://www.insightsonindia.com/2015/01/06/lok-sabha-tv-insights-educational-qualification-and-elections/|archive-date=8 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rajasthan Education|url=http://www.rajshikshaorder.in/|website=Rajshiksha|access-date=18 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205024234/http://www.rajshikshaorder.in/|archive-date=5 December 2015}}</ref>

== Tourism ==
{{Main|Tourism in Rajasthan}}

[[File:Man in Rajasthan - Kristian Bertel.jpg|thumb|Man in Rajasthan, India.]]
Rajasthan attracted a total of 45.9&nbsp;million domestic and 1.6&nbsp;million foreign tourists in 2017, which is the tenth highest in terms of domestic visitors and fifth highest in foreign tourists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/Other/INDIA%20TOURISM%20STATISTICS%202017.pdf#page=20|title=Tourist Visited in India 2017|website=tourism.gov.in|language=en-IN|access-date=24 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127154409/http://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/Other/INDIA%20TOURISM%20STATISTICS%202017.pdf#page=20|archive-date=27 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The tourism industry in Rajasthan is growing effectively each year and is becoming one of the major income sources for the state government.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Raina |first1=A. K. |last2=Agarwal |first2=S. K. |title=The Essence of Tourism Development: Dynamics, Philosophy, and Strategies |date=2004 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-527-1 |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKPM6MAozzwC&pg=PA264 |language=en |quote=important source of tax revenue and total revenue of the state government of Rajasthan besides the income creation and employment generation}}</ref> Rajasthan is home to many attractions for domestic and foreign travellers, including the forts and palaces of [[Jaipur]], the lakes of [[Udaipur]], the temples of [[Rajsamand]] and [[Pali, Rajasthan|Pali]], sand dunes of [[Jaisalmer]] and [[Bikaner]], Havelis of [[Mandawa]] and [[Fatehpur, Rajasthan|Fatehpur]], the wildlife of [[Sawai Madhopur Wildlife Sanctuary|Sawai Madhopur]], the scenery of [[Mount Abu]], the tribes of [[Dungarpur]] and [[Banswara]], and the cattle fair of [[Pushkar]].

Rajasthan is known for its customs, [[culture]], colours, majestic forts, and palaces, [[Folk dances of Rajasthan|folk dances]] and music, local festivals, local food, sand dunes, carved temples and [[Haveli]]s.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Rajasthan's Jaipur [[Jantar Mantar]], [[Mehrangarh Fort]] and [[Stepwell]] of [[Jodhpur]], [[Dilwara Temples]], [[Chittor Fort]], [[Lake Palace]], miniature paintings in [[Bundi]], and numerous city palaces and Havelis are part of the architectural heritage of India. Jaipur, the ''Pink City'', is noted for the ancient houses made of a type of sandstone dominated by a pink hue. In Jodhpur, most houses are painted blue.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/why-is-jodhpur-known-as-the-blue-city/as33916125.cms|title=Why is Jodhpur Known as the Blue City?|website=Times of India|language=en-IN|access-date=2 November 2019|archive-date=31 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031133049/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/why-is-jodhpur-known-as-the-blue-city/as33916125.cms|url-status=live |last1=Forster |first1=Stuart}}</ref> At [[Ajmer]], there is white marble Bara-dari on the [[Anasagar]] lake and [[Soniji Ki Nasiyan]]. [[Jain Temples]] dot Rajasthan from north to south and east to west. [[Dilwara Temples]] of Mount Abu, [[Shrinathji]] Temple of Nathdwara, [[Ranakpur Jain temple]] dedicated to Lord [[Rishabhanatha|Adinath]] in [[Pali District]], Jain temples in the fort complexes of [[Chittor]], Jaisalmer and [[Kumbhalgarh]], [[Lodhruva|Lodurva]] Jain temples, [[Mirpur Jain Temple]] of [[Sirohi]], Sarun Mata Temple at [[Kotputli]], Bhandasar and Karni Mata Temple of [[Bikaner]] and [[Mandore]] of [[Jodhpur]] are some of the best examples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/tourist-destinations|title=Tourist Places to Visit in Rajasthan – Rajasthan Tourism|website=tourism.rajasthan.gov.in|language=en-IN|access-date=16 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116040352/http://tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/tourist-destinations|archive-date=16 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Keoladeo National Park]], [[Ranthambore National Park]], [[Sariska Tiger Reserve]], [[Tal Chhapar Sanctuary]], are wildlife attractions of Rajasthan. Mewar festival of Udaipur, [[Teej festival]] and [[Gangaur]] festival in Jaipur, [[Rajasthan desert festival|Desert festival]] of Jodhpur, Brij Holi of Bharatpur, Matsya festival of Alwar, [[Kite festival]] of Jodhpur, Kolayat fair in Bikaner are some of the most popular fairs and festivals of Rajasthan.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="125">
File:Camel rides in Thar desert.jpg|Camel rides in [[Thar desert]]

File:Temples at Pushkar Lake.jpg|[[Pushkar Lake]] and Ghat
File:Bhavai is a genre of folk dance popular in Rajasthan. The male or female performers balance a number of earthen pots while dancing.jpg|[[Kalbelia]], a folk dance popular in Rajasthan
File:Demoiselle cranes in Khichan near Bikaner (Rajasthan).jpg|[[Demoiselle crane]]s in [[Khichan]] near [[Bikaner]]
File:Hawa Mahal 2011.jpg|[[Hawa Mahal]], [[Jaipur]]
File:20191219 Fort Amber, Amer, Jaipur 0955 9481.jpg|[[Amber Fort]] as seen from the bank of Maotha Lake, Jaigarh Fort on the hills in the background
File:Nakki Lake during daytime.JPG|[[Nakki Lake]], [[Mount Abu]]
File:Mehrangarh Fort.jpg|[[Mehrangarh Fort]]
File:Kalpavruksha page.jpg|Delicate marble carving at [[Dilwara Temples]]
File:Lake Pichola (1580558921).jpg|[[Lake Palace]], [[Udaipur]]
File:Kirti Stambha of Fort of Chittaur -Chittaurgarh -Rajasthan -IMG 8307.jpg|Kirti Stambha of [[Chittor Fort]]
File:A tiger in Ranthambore National Park (2016).jpg|Tiger at [[Ranthambore National Park]]
File:Jaipur 03-2016 39 Jal Mahal - Water Palace.jpg|[[Jal Mahal]], [[Jaipur]]
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Outline of Rajasthan]]
* [[North India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Bhattacharya, Manoshi. 2008. ''The Royal Rajputs: Strange Tales and Stranger Truths''. Rupa & Co, New Delhi.
* Gahlot, Sukhvirsingh. 1992. ''RAJASTHAN: Historical & Cultural''. J. S. Gahlot Research Institute, Jodhpur.
* Somani, Ram Vallabh. 1993. ''History of Rajasthan''. Jain Pustak Mandir, Jaipur.
* Tod, James & Crooke, William. 1829. ''Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India,''. Numerous reprints, including 3 Vols. Reprint: Low Price Publications, Delhi. 1990. {{ISBN|81-85395-68-3}} (set of 3 vols.)
* Mathur, P.C., 1995. ''Social and Economic Dynamics of Rajasthan Politics'' (Jaipur, Aaalekh)

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|Rajasthan|voy=Rajasthan}}

===Government===
* [http://rajasthan.gov.in/ Official Site of the Government of Rajasthan, India]
* [http://tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/ Official Tourism Site of Rajasthan, India]

===General information===
* {{OSM relation|1942920}}
* The Modern Endangered Archives Program [https://meap.library.ucla.edu/projects/rupayan-sansthan-india Hereditary Music of Western Rajasthan] collection is available through the UCLA Library.

{{Portal bar|India|Asia}}
{{Rajasthan}}
{{Districts of Rajasthan}}
{{States and territories of India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rajasthan| ]]
[[Category:North India|*]]
[[Category:States and union territories of India]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1950]]
[[Category:1950 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Northwest India]]

Gondal, India

2026-03-13T22:54:54Z

Samantahfp: further adjusted formatting based on references further and improved wording

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gondal
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Gondal, India.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View of Gondal
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.958|N|70.795|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]
| established_title = 
| founder = Kumbhoji I Jadeja
| unit_pref = Metric
| elevation_m = 132
| population_total = 1,73353<ref name="2011 Census data">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2409-F-Census.xlsx|title=Census of India: 2011|publisher=Census Commission of India|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 30th (Gujarat)
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 360311
| area_code_type = STD code
| area_code = 02825
| registration_plate = GJ 03
| website = {{URL |https://www.gondalnagarpalika.org/}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| area_total_km2 = 74.48
}}

'''Gondal''' is a city of about 115,000 residents<ref name="GR|India">{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/326-gondal.html|title=Census of India: 2011|publisher=Census Commission of India|access-date=3 July 2016}}</ref> and a [[municipality]] of about 175,000 in the [[Rajkot district]] of the Indian state of [[Gujarat]]. Gondal village was one of the eight first-class [[princely states]] of [[Kathiawar Agency]], [[Bombay Presidency]] in [[British India]].

==History==
{{See also|Gondal State}}
[[File:H.H. Maharaja Thakore Shri Sir Bhagwant Singhji Sagramji Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Gondal, GCSI, GCIE, 1911.jpg|left|110px|thumb|Maharaja [[Bhagvatsinhji]] of Gondal, 1911]]
Gondal is mentioned in texts like the ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'' (written in the reign of [[Akbar]]) and ''Mirat-i-Ahmadi'' as a [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela]] state in Sorath ([[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]). The [[Gondal State]] in [[Kathiawar Agency]] was founded in 1634 by Kumbhojī I from the [[Jadeja]] dynasty, who received [[Ardoi]] and other villages from his father Merāmanjī.<ref name=gondal/> Kumbhoji's fourth descendant, Kumbhoji IV, increased the size of the state by acquiring [[pargana]]s such as Dhoraji, Upleta, and Sarai.<ref name=gondal>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_325.gif Gondal state] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', 1908. v. 12, ''p. 319''</ref>

[[Bhagvatsinhji|Sir Bhagwant Singhji]], who reigned from 1888 until his death in 1944, was noted for tax reforms, compulsory education for women, and also for stopping the practice of [[purdah]] (female seclusion) at a time when the royal households of India were known for this tradition.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110130050139/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,740757,00.html "Purdah Women"]. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', 24 November 1930.</ref>

In 1901, Gondal city had a population of 19,592, and was a stop on the branch line between Rajkot and Jetalsar on the [[Viramgam–Okha line|Viramgam–Rajkot]] and [[Rajkot–Somnath line|Rajkot–Somnath]] lines.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_327.gif Gondal Town] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', 1908, v. 12, ''p. 321''</ref>

The ancestors of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], founder of Pakistan, belong to Paneli village in Gondal state.

===Historical places===
[[File:Naulakha Palace 02.jpg|thumb|Detail of Naulakha Palace]]
[[File:Baroda state 1909.jpg|right|thumb|Gondal, 1909]]
[[File:Clock tower in Gondal.jpg|thumb|Clock tower]]
The Naulakha Palace is the oldest extant palace in Gondal, dating back to the 17th century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/6/208 |title=Gondal, City State, Rajkot, Tourism Hubs, Gujarat, India |website=Gujarat Tourism |access-date=12 June 2016 |archive-date=14 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614153922/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/6/208 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.discoveredindia.com/gujarat/attractions/palaces/navlakha-palace-gondal.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011062103/http://www.discoveredindia.com/gujarat/attractions/palaces/navlakha-palace-gondal.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=11 October 2014 |title=Navlakha Palace Gondal |newspaper=discoveredindia.com |access-date=12 June 2016 }}</ref> It has [[stone carving]]s with [[jharokha]]s (enclosed balconies), a pillared courtyard, delicately carved arches, and a unique spiral staircase. The large chandelier-lit [[durbar (court)|durbar]] (court) contains stuffed [[leopard|panthers]], gilt wooden furniture, and antique mirrors. The Private Palace Museum has a display of silver caskets which were used to carry messages and gifts for Maharajah [[Bhagvatsinhji]] during his [[silver jubilee]] as ruler of Gondal.

The Riverside Palace was built in 1875 by Maharajah Bhagwat Sinhji for his son, Yuvraj Bhojraji. It has groomed lawns and gardens, a living room furnished in typical [[colonial style]] with chandelier, antique wooden furniture and sofas, and an "Indian room" decorated with [[beadwork]], [[brass]]ware and paintings. The palace has now become a heritage hotel.<ref>[http://heritagehotels.com/heritage-hotels-india/gujarat.htm Heritage Hotels in Gujarat]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritagepalacesgondal.com/ |title=History of Gondal |newspaper=Heritagepalacesgondal.com |access-date= 12 June 2016}}</ref>

The Huzoor Palace is the current royal residence. One wing of this palace, called the Orchard palace, is open to the public. It was built as an annex of the Huzoor Palace in the late 19th century to host guests of the Maharajas. The property gets its name from the fruit [[orchard]]s, lawns and gardens that surround the palace.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritagepalacesgondal.com/orchard_palace.htm |title=Orchard Palace |newspaper=Heritagepalacesgondal.com |access-date=12 June 2016 |archive-date=6 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606100414/http://www.heritagepalacesgondal.com/orchard_palace.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Orchard Palace was converted into a seven-room heritage hotel decorated with 1930s–1940s art deco furniture, antiques and handicrafts. The garden contains many types of birds, including a large population of peacocks. The Room of Miniatures is a sitting room with a collection of [[Indian painting|miniature painting]]s, brass, and furniture. One of the highlights of the palace is the Rail Saloon of the royal family of Gondal which has been converted into a suite with a drawing room, dining room and bedroom. The royal garages have an extensive collection of [[vintage car|vintage]] and [[classic car]]s.<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Hot-wheels-Vintage-cars-from-Gondal-to-elegantly-parade-in-Mumbai/359502/ Hot wheels: Vintage cars from Gondal to elegantly parade in Mumbai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014204647/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Hot-wheels-Vintage-cars-from-Gondal-to-elegantly-parade-in-Mumbai/359502/ |date=14 October 2008 }} ''[[Indian Express]]'', 10 September 2008.</ref>

=== Thakurs ===
The rulers of Gondal were Thakurs of the [[Jadeja]] dynasty who had the right to an 11-[[gun salute]]. They bore the title 'Thakur Sahib' from 1866 onwards.

{| class="wikitable"
!Tenure
!Name (birth-death)
|-
|1648–1713
|Sagramji I Kumbhoji (1634–1713)
|-
|1713–1752
|Haloji Sagramji (1676–1752)
|-
|1752–1789
|Kumbhoji II Haloji (1712–1789)
|-
|1789–1791
|Muluji Sagramji (Malubhai Sahib) (1754–1791)
|-
|1791–1800
|Dajibhai Muluji (1775–1800)
|-
|1800–1812
|Devaji Sagramji (Devabhai Sahib) (1769–1812)
|-
|1812–1814
|Nathuji Devaji (Nathubhai Sahib) (died 1814)
|-
|1814–1821
|Kanuji Devaji (died 1821)
|-
|1821–1841
|Chandrasimhji Devaji (Motibhai Sahib) (1797–1841)
|-
|1841–1851
|Bhanabhai Devaji (died 1851)
|-
|1851–1866
|Sagramji II Devaji (Sagramji Bhanabhai) (1822–1869)
|-
|1866 – 14 December 1869
|Sagramji II Devaji (s.a.)
|-
|14 December 1869 – 10 March 1944
|[[Bhagvatsinhji|Bhagwatsimhji Sagramsimhji]] (1865–1944)
(from 15 February 1887, Sir [[Bhagvatsinhji|Bhagwatsimhji Sagramsimhji]])
(personal style Maharaja from 1 January 1888)
|-
|10 March 1944 – 15 August 1947
|Bhojrajji Bhagwatsimhji (1883–1952)
(personal style Maharaja)
|}

==Religious sites==
{{More citations needed|date=February 2012}}
[[File:Gondal - Swaminarayan Temple, Gujarat - India (3417863798).jpg|thumb|left|Swaminarayan Temple]]
The people of the Gondal, as in most of the other parts of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], are considered highly spiritual.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}

The temples in Gondal include Akshar Mandir and Deri (BAPS Swaminarayan), Shri Trikamrayji Haveli, Shri Madanmohanji ni haveli (Moti Haveli), Shri Ramji Mandir, Bhuvneshwari Mandir (one of the few temples in India dedicated to this Goddess), Ashapura Mata, Sureshwar Mahadev, Dhareshwar Mahadev, Kashi Vishwanath Mahadev and the massive Ambey Dham (Ramanath) Temple.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sriramanathdham.org/ |title=Welcome – the "Children of Immortality"!! |access-date=16 February 2017 |archive-date=25 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525224746/http://sriramanathdham.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> There is also another Pushtimargiya Haveli and Swaminarayan temple in the city centre.

The [[Akshar Deri]], housed within the Akshar Mandir, is the [[Samadhi (shrine)|samadhi sthan]] (memorial site) of [[Gunatitanand Swami]], who was a [[paramhansa]] of [[Swaminarayan]], and is accepted as the first spiritual successor of Swaminarayan by the [[Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha]] (BAPS).<ref>{{cite book|last=Waghorne|first=Joanne|title=Gods Of Flesh. Gods Of Stone|year=1985|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=United States|isbn=978-0-231-10777-8|pages=147}}</ref> This temple is visited by people from all over the world.

Dasi Jeevan Mandir (temple) in Ghoghavadar, {{Convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Gondal, is a site where [[:gu: દાસી જીવણ|Saint Dasi Jeevan]] lived.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sureshbjani.wordpress.com/2011/06/08/jivan_saheb/ |title=દાસી જીવણ, Dasi Jivan |newspaper= sureshbjani.wordpress.com |date=8 June 2011 |access-date= 12 June 2016}}</ref> Every [[Diwali in Gujarat|Gujarati New Year]] day, people gather to celebrate the holy saint's birthday.

Anand Ashrama, located easterly to Gondal close to Ghoghavadar, is a research center for folklore and Gujarati literature.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anand-ashram.com/ |title=Anand Ashram, Ghoghavadar |newspaper=Anand-ashram.com |access-date= 12 June 2016}}</ref>

==Geography==
Gondal is located at {{Coord|21.97|N|70.8|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/09/Gondal.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Gondal]</ref> It has an average elevation of 132 metres (433 feet).

==Demographics==
Total Population of Gondal City as per last census was 113,000 Approx. while the Average Literacy rate is 84.3% much higher than the national average of 59% . The Demographic Distribution of the Gondal city as per 2011 census is as mentioned below :
{| class="wikitable"
|+Gondal City Demographics, 2011
!Particulars
!Total
!Males
!Females
|-
|City population
|112,197
|58,300
|53,897
|-
|Literates
|84,394
|45,853
|38,541
|-
|Children (0–6)
|12,037
|6,548
|5,489
|-
|Avg literacy
|84.26%
|88.60%
|79.62%
|-
|Sex ratio
|
|108.17
|100
|}

==Culture and economy==
[[File:Gondal - Swaminarayan Temple, Gujarat - India (3417857288).jpg|thumb|Swaminarayan Temple, Gondal]]
Gondal has a history of art and literature. It is the birthplace of poets, singers and artists like [[Pankaj Udhas]], [[Manhar Udhas]], [[Nirmal Udhas]], [[Dhumketu (writer)|Dhumketu]], [[Makarand Dave]], [[Jay Vasavada]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.gujaratishow.com/2014/03/kathiyawad-airlines-sairam-dave.html |title=Kathiyawad Airlines – Sairam Dave – Gujarati Jokes |newspaper=Gujaratishow.com |access-date= 12 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.ovi.com/in/en/nm/Product/Sairam-Dave/Lekhak-Atul-Pandya-Agharo-Kalakar/54978795 |title=Download Lekhak Atul Pandya Agharo Kalakar by Sairam Dave on Nokia Music |access-date=6 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714114228/http://music.ovi.com/in/en/nm/Product/Sairam-Dave/Lekhak-Atul-Pandya-Agharo-Kalakar/54978795 |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref>

Janmashtami is a major and important festival and usually a week-long holiday. The 'Janmashtami Lok Mela' is organized for five to seven days at Sangramsinhji highschool ground (college chowk) to celebrate Janmashtami.{{Citation needed|date=November 2015}}

The largest factors in the economy of Gondal are oil mills and marketing yards. Gondal is the largest producer of ground nut oil in Gujarat, with 300–500 oil mills.{{Citation needed|date=November 2015}} The marketing yard is one of the biggest in the [[Kathiawar Agency|Kathiawar region]] and the second largest in Gujarat, after [[Unjha]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} Gondal is growing in the cotton trade with the development of many ginning and pressing industries.{{Citation needed|date=November 2015}}

In addition, there are two [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] (alternative) medicine manufacturers in Gondal that export overseas{{Citation needed|date=November 2015}}, as well as businesses involved in jewelry design, timber trading, and hardware manufacturing. Farming is important in the outskirts of Gondal despite a shortage of water.{{Citation needed|date=November 2015}} The markets for most commodities in Gondal are in two areas known as Nani [[Bazaar]] (small market) and Moti Bazaar (large market). The main business areas in Gondal include Town Hall, Gundala Street, Nani Bazaar, Moti Bazaar, Kadiyalane, Bus stand road, and Kumbharwada.

Transportation from other parts of the country is primarily by road and rail. [[Gondal railway station]], under the [[Bhavnagar railway division]], serves Gondal city.

The main residential areas in Gondal include Bhojrajpara, G. Parekh Street, Khandheria Street, Gundala Street, Mahadevwadi, Housing Board, Station Plot, Gundala Road, Yoginagar, Kashi Vishwanath road, Kadavani Nagar, Shajanand Nagar, Khodiyar Nagar and Gokul Dham. The most upscale residential areas in Gondal are Bhojrajpara and Kailashbag, which are near to the bus station and the main market. Gardens and parks include Tulsi Baugh and Ashapura Gardens.

The schools in Gondal include St. Mary's School, Vidhya mandir, Patel Boarding, Akshar Purshotam Swami Narayan High School, and Highway Gurukul. Monghiba High school is one of the oldest girls' schools in the region.{{Citation needed|date=November 2015}}

Other landmarks in Gondal are the Center Theater, the Roma Theater, College Chowk, and the Victory Cinema.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}

In 1947, many people who spoke [[Memoni]] migrated to Pakistan.{{Citation needed|date=November 2015}}

==See also==
* [[Bhagvatsinhji]]
* [[Kambojas]]
* [[Kumbhoj]]
* [[Sage Kambhoja]]
* [[Kambu Swayambhuva]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{EB1911 poster|Gondal}}
* {{cite book |title=A Short History of Gondal|author=Harikrishna Laishankar Dave|publisher=Education Society's Press|year=1867|pages=[https://archive.org/details/ashorthistorygo00davegoog/page/n213 202] |url=https://archive.org/details/ashorthistorygo00davegoog |quote=Gondal.}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Gondal, India}}
* [http://www.marugondal.com/ History and all information of Gondal]
* [http://www.gondalonline.com/ Portal of Gondal Business]
* [http://www.heritagepalacesgondal.com/ Portal of Gondal Heritage Palaces]

{{Rajkot district}}
{{Gujarat}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Rajkot district]]
[[Category:Former capitals in India]]
[[Category:1634 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1634]]

Anjar, Gujarat

2026-03-13T22:52:49Z

Samantahfp: started some details w/ refs

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Anjar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Kachchhi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Municipality
| image_skyline = Chhaganbapa Circle, Devaliya Gate, Anjar.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Devaliya Gate Circle of Anjar
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.13|N|70.02|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kachchh district|Kachchh]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 805 AD (V.S. 862) - <ref>{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Pálanpur, and Mahi Kántha |year=1880 |publisher=Government Central Press |volume=5 |page=211 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.17323/page/211/mode/2upa}}</ref>
| established_title1 = Capital of the Kingdom of Kutch
| established_date1 = 1545 by King [[Khengarji I]].
| founder = Ajepal, brother of the king of [[Ajmer]]
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Anjar Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 72
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = 150000
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = [http://www.citypincode.in/GUJARAT/KACHCHH/Anjar__PINCODE 370110]
| registration_plate = GJ 39
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Anjar''' is a town, [[tehsil|township]] and [[municipality]] of the [[Kachchh district]] (Kutch)in the state of [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. Founded in 650 AD, Anjar is a culturally diverse town of historic importance in the region. It is home to several historic religious temples, including the Jesal-Toral Shrines built in honour of a fourteenth century couple, whose lives inspired works of art and cinema. The town was devastated by several earthquakes, including the [[1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake]] and [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]]. In recent years, Anjar has become a hub of manufacturing activity.

==History==
[[File:અંજાર નો ટીમ્બી કોઠો - 3.jpg|thumb|Inscriptions of Anjar]]
The foundation and early history of the town is unclear, due to a lack of written evidence and documentation. Popular [[folklore]] suggests a group of settlers led by Ajay Pal Chauhan (also called Ajepal) – the brother of the king of neighbouring [[Ajmer]] – arrived in Anjar in '''650 AD''' ([[Samvat|Samvat 707]]).<ref name="Anjar"/> While some local chronicles mention a settlement as early as '''593 AD (V.S. 650)''', British colonial records from the ''Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency'' (1880) place the official founding of the fort in '''805 AD (V.S. 862)'''.<ref name="gb" /> The town was fortified by '''Ajepal Chauhan''', a Rajput warrior and brother of the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]] ruler of [[Ajmer]](Shakambhari), to secure the frontier against invasions. At different points in history, the town was ruled by the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chauhan]], [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya]], [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela]] and [[Chawda]], and lastly by the [[Jadeja]]s, who gained control of the entire [[Kutch]] region. The town was declared the capital of the [[Kingdom of Kutch]] by King [[Khengarji I]] in 1545, and was [[Fortification|fortified]] by [[Deshalji II]] in the early eighteenth century. The fort wall was sixteen feet high and six feet thick.<ref name="gb">{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dLUBAAAAYAAJ|year=1880|publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press|pages=210–211|access-date=29 October 2016|archive-date=20 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220020629/https://books.google.com/books?id=DLUBAAAAYAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

There are two main stories about the origin of the name '''Anjar'''. The first story suggests the city was named after '''Ajepal''', a famous historical warrior, as the area was originally known as "Ajay Vas." The second story believes the name comes from the phrase '''Ann-Bajar''', which translates to "Grain Market." Because the region had plenty of water and good soil for farming, it became a popular place for trading grain (''Ann''). Over time, the name ''Ann-Bajar'' was shortened in the local language to become "Anjar."

Anjar was gifted to [[Fateh Muhammad]] in 1800, who extended the town's trading routes by establishing the [[Tuna Port]].<ref name="gb" /> The town was attacked by [[Colonel (Eastern Europe)|Colonel East]] of the British [[East India Company]] on 25 December 1815, with Tuna being occupied the following day. The fort and dependent villages were [[Company rule in India|colonised]] by the British over the following year, with British rule imposed there until 1822.<ref name="gb" />{{sfnp|EB|1878}} The town suffered massively from the [[1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake]], which destroyed or damaged thousands of homes and caused thousands of deaths.<ref name="gb" />{{sfnp|EB|1878}} The population fell shortly afterwards to about 10,000.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} In 1822, the East India Company transferred the region back to the Jadeja clan in exchange for an annual fee.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} The payments were a burden on the local treasury, and the entire burden (including arrears) was paid on its behalf by the British government.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} The Fortification of town which was destroyed by 1819 earthquake was rebuilt by order of [[Deshalji II|Rao Deshalji]] in 1826 by Jagmal Peetamber, who was head-workman from [[Mistris of Kutch|Maistry]] clan<ref>{{cite book |last1=Postans |first1=Marianne |title=Cutch; Or Random Sketches, Taken During a Residence in One of the Northern Provinces of Western India; Interspersed with Legends ... with Engravings |date=1839 |publisher=Smith |pages=84 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vv1jAAAAcAAJ&dq=anjar++peetamber&pg=PA84 |access-date=2 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref> By 1901, the population of the town had increased to 18,014.{{sfnp|EB|1911}}

Since the earthquake of 1819, Anjar has endured several other major earthquakes. The town was the [[epicenter]] of the [[1956 Anjar earthquake]], which destroyed approximately 1,350 homes and killed around 115 people, injuring hundreds more.<ref>{{cite book|author=J.R. Kayal|title=Microearthquake Seismology and Seismotectonics of South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=POLg0eGi3EAC&pg=PA393|year=2008|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]|isbn=978-1-4020-8180-4|page=393|access-date=7 September 2022|archive-date=7 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907023828/https://books.google.com/books?id=POLg0eGi3EAC&pg=PA393|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]] caused large scale devastation in Anjar. The earthquake resulted in the destruction of the entirety of the "old town" district. 143 people were killed in a single incident when the buildings on both sides of a narrow laneway collapsed on to students as they were celebrating [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/15-years-of-Gujarat-earthquake-A-trauma-etched-in-Gujarats-memory/articleshow/50730183.cms|title=15 years of Gujarat earthquake: A trauma etched in Gujarat's memory|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 January 2016|access-date=7 September 2022|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329183809/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/15-years-of-Gujarat-earthquake-A-trauma-etched-in-Gujarats-memory/articleshow/50730183.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Around 2,000 people died in Anjar as a result of the earthquake, and over 6,000 families were made homeless.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/anjar-remembers-its-dead-children/articleshow/421065389.cms|title=Anjur Remembers Its Dead Children|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 January 2002|access-date=7 September 2022|archive-date=7 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907023828/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/anjar-remembers-its-dead-children/articleshow/421065389.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> According to official estimates, between 13,805<ref>{{cite news|title=Gujarat to set up quake memorial in Bhuj|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/gujarat-to-set-up-quake-memorial-in-bhuj-104041601028_1.html|author=Ray Joydeep|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=16 April 2004|access-date=6 September 2022|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415011507/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/gujarat-to-set-up-quake-memorial-in-bhuj-104041601028_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and 20,023 people died – and over 166,000 people were injured – in the Kutch region as a result of the earthquake.<ref>{{citation|title=PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/PAGER_CAT_v2.zip|author=USGS|date=4 September 2009|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|series=Version 2008_06.1|access-date=6 September 2022|archive-date=10 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410041158/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/PAGER_CAT_v2.zip|url-status=live}}</ref> The region was drastically redeveloped following the 2001 earthquake.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|author1=Bhasker Solanki|author2=Emily Buchanan|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12309791|title=Gujarat's astonishing rise from rubble of 2001 quake|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|date=30 January 2011|access-date=6 September 2022|archive-date=24 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424181534/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12309791|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Notable People==
Farhan Memon is a poet and Lyricist who works in Bollywood and Gujarati Movies born in Anjar Kutch. He wrote lyrics for many hit songs including 'Rang Dariya' from movie CHEHRE Starring Amitabh Bachchan and Emraan Hashmi.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chehre</ref><ref>https://www.wikigraphy.in/farhan-memon/</ref><ref>https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/stirred-not-shaken--the-perfect-cocktail/81821968.html</ref>
==Demography==
As of the 2011 Indian census, the total population of Anjar is almost 150,000, with a [[sex ratio|male—female ratio]] of approximately 90%: 78,000 male to 70,000 female.<ref name="Growing">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiagrowing.com/Gujarat/Kutch/Anjar|title=Anjar Population (2021/2022), Taluka Village List in Kutch, Gujarat|work=IndiaGrowing.com|access-date=8 September 2022|archive-date=11 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911201528/https://www.indiagrowing.com/Gujarat/Kutch/Anjar|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Gate of Anjar.jpg|thumb|Gate of Anjar]]
Anjar is located at {{coord|23.113424|N|70.027744|E}} and has an average elevation of {{convert|72|m|sigfig=2}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/09/Anjar.html|title=Maps, Weather and Airports for Anjar, India|website=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc.|access-date=8 September 2022|archive-date=3 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603040710/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/09/Anjar.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The land is mainly dry, arid flatland. In the late 19th century, the town was greatly dependent on well [[irrigation]] for its water supply, and was listed in the 1878 and 1911 editions of ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]'' as being only {{convert|10|mi|sigfig=2}} north of the [[Gulf of Kutch]].{{sfnp|EB|1878}}{{sfnp|EB|1911}} However, the town is nearly {{convert|40|km|sigfig=1}} away from the gulf, and is also {{convert|75|km|sigfig=1}} south of the [[Great Rann of Kutch]], a seasonal [[salt marsh]]land.<ref name="Anjar">{{cite web|url=https://anjar.gujaratonline.in/city-guide/about-anjar|title=About Anjar {{!}} Culture and Climate|website=Gujarat Online|access-date=8 September 2022|archive-date=19 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919224522/https://anjar.gujaratonline.in/city-guide/about-anjar|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Climate==
Anjar is in a region classified on the [[Köppen climate classification|Koppen-Geiger]] system as [[hot semi-arid climate]], or [[BSh]]. There are three distinct [[season]]s in Anjar: winter, summer, and the [[rainy season]]. The town can experience severe winters, which span from November to February with temperatures dropping as low as {{convert|4|C|F}}. Summer usually begins in March and lasts until July or August, with the town frequently experiencing strong [[heat wave]]s. The [[monsoon]] season typically ranges from September to October, when the town experiences the majority of its yearly rainfall. On average, the region receives {{convert|400|mm|ftin}} of rainfall per year.<ref name="Anjar"/>

==Places of interest==
===Temples and Shrines===
[[File:10th-century Bhandeshwar Mahadev temple complex, Anjar Kutchchh Gujarat 089.jpg|thumb|10th-century Bhandeshwar Mahadev temple complex]]
[[File:અંજાર નો ટીમ્બી કોઠો - 4.jpg|thumb|left|Timbi Kotha]]
The Madhavrai temple is a [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnav]] shrine, with the silver-plated entrance doors bearing an inscription dated Samvat 1869 (1812 AD), presumably the year construction was completed. The temple consists of a domed hallway, a black and white marbled floor and eight pillars featuring carved images of mermaids and [[Nāga]] figures. Mohanrai's temple is also a Vaishnav shrine, with a neatly carved wooden door and idols of [[Krishna]] with [[Radha]] and Chaturbhuj ([[Vishnu]]). The temple was extensively rebuilt from 1814 to 1824.<ref name="gb"/> [[Swaminarayan]]'s temple is located near the centre of the town.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/rajkot/for-anjar-residents-memories-of-dreadful-quake-hauntingly-fresh-8116045/|title=For Anjar residents, memories of dreadful quake hauntingly fresh|author=Gopal Kateshiya|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=28 August 2022|access-date=11 September 2022|archive-date=11 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911225814/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/rajkot/for-anjar-residents-memories-of-dreadful-quake-hauntingly-fresh-8116045/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Amba Mata's shrine and the adjoining monastery were built from the fragments of older temples; the large red-stone door over the gateway features carved drawings of [[Devi]], indicating it may have originated from a [[Shaktism|Shakta]] temple. The adjoining monastery belongs to the Atits of Ajepal, with an inscription of 1842 on the door. Located outside the town walls, Ajepal's shrine is a small domed room featuring images of Ajepal on horseback and [[Ganesha]] (Ganpati).<ref name="gb"/>

[[File:Om Kaleshwar Mahadev Temple Anjar.jpg|thumb|Om Kaleshwar Mahadev Temple]]
Other temples located near the town include Kalya Mahadev's temple, which is outside the town wall and is comparatively modern, with a dancing [[Yogini]] as its goddess. To the northwest is the [[Bhavani]] temple of Vankal Mata, and to the west the temple of Dvarkanath. Near the latter is an unfinished temple dedicated to [[Bahuchara Mata]], with three shrines.<ref name="gb"/>

====Jesal-Toral shrines====
To the east of Ajepal's monastery is a temple known locally as "Jesal Toral ni Samadhi", translating to "The Tomb of Jesal and Toral". It is a small tiled shed with tombs decorated with Muslim patterns sacred to the fourteenth century couple Jesal and his wife Toral. The shrine is under the care of the Ajepal monastery. Jesal's descendants, known as the Jesar Rajputs, built shrines to the couple in each of the town's twelve villages.<ref name="gb"/>

According to local history, Jester (later Jesal or Jesar) was the grandson of [[Jadeja]] Ragput leader [[Jam Rawal]]. Jesal would later become an outlaw: killing people, destroying villages and stealing cattle. Toral or Turi – a [[Kathi people|Kathi]] woman – was famous for composing [[hymn]]s and for her devotion, as well as her beauty. She lived with an ascetic man named Sávasdhir, who did not consider Toral his wife but instead as someone who would bring salvation. The fame of her beauty reached Jesal, who unsuccessfully attempted to abduct her. After being foiled, Jesal returned to the town disguised as an ascetic, but again his plans to abduct Toral were exposed.<ref name="gb"/>

Confessing his plans to abduct Toral to a [[sect]] who granted a wish to every confessed sinner, Jesal was offered Toral on condition that he became ascetic. He agreed, but eventually grew tired of the constraints of asceticism, trying again to abduct Toral, who foiled his plans and over time changed Jesal into a model ascetic. Permanently settling in Anjar, Jesar died and Turi was buried alive beside his tomb.<ref name="gb"/> The story was the inspiration for the 1971 [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] film ''[[Jesal Toral]]''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=djUFmlFbzFkC&pg=PA95|title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinema|author1=K. Moti Gokulsing|author2=[[Wimal Dissanayake]]|date=17 April 2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-136-77284-9|page=95|access-date=11 September 2022|archive-date=25 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525070401/https://books.google.com/books?id=djUFmlFbzFkC&pg=PA95|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Buildings===
[[file:MacMurdo's Bungalow Wall Painting - 2.jpg|thumb|[[MacMurdo's Bungalow]]]]
[[MacMurdo's Bungalow]] is a state-protected monument due to the interior wall paintings depicting scenes associated with Krishna and [[Rama]].<ref name=gs>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/index.php/articles/display_article/anjar-rah-juve-che-21-mi-sadi-na-mac-murdoch-ni|title=અંજાર રાહ જુએ છે, ૨૧મી સદીના મેક મર્ડોની|language=gu|date=June 2016|access-date=19 September 2016|website=[[Gujarat Samachar]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919182336/http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/index.php/articles/display_article/anjar-rah-juve-che-21-mi-sadi-na-mac-murdoch-ni|archive-date=19 September 2016}}</ref> However, the exterior of the building is now in a neglected condition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-walls-have-years/article25079200.ece|title=The walls have years|author=Azera Parveen Rahman|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=29 September 2018|access-date=11 September 2022|archive-date=11 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911225813/https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-walls-have-years/article25079200.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cuisine==
Anjar cuisine is famous both in India and internationally. The local specialty is [[Dabeli]], a [[Masala (spice)|masala]]-spiced mashed potato mixture served in a [[burger bun]] and garnished with [[pomegranate]] seeds or peanuts, and served with a variety of [[chutney]]. [[Farsan (food)|Farsan]] is another local delicacy. Anjar is also home to region-specific varieties of [[mango]] (Kesar Keri) and [[date palm]] fruit (Kharek). The region also produces a locally sourced form of [[buttermilk]] known as "Chhash".<ref name="Anjar"/>

==Economy==
[[File:Chitrakoot_Circle.jpg|thumb|Chitrakoot Circle]]
Following the 2001 earthquake, the government in Kutch created a number of initiatives that greatly benefited the community in Anjar. Local government exempted all business operations from [[tax rate|taxes]], including [[excise duty]] and [[indirect tax]], for five years after the earthquake. Textile company [[Welspun India]] built the largest towel factory in the world in Anjar nine months after the earthquake. The factory was producing 250,000 towels a day by 2011, when the [[BBC]] reported that the company had purchased [[Christy (towel manufacturer)|Christy]], the official towel provider of the [[Wimbledon Championships]]. A decade after the earthquake, over 110,000 jobs had been created in the Kutch province.<ref name="BBC"/> Anjar is also one of the largest manufacturers of [[Pipeline transport|pipeline]] in the world. In 2006, the town produced over one million tonnes of pipeline, primarily for the oil, gas, water and sewage industries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sa-aiyar/swaminomics/anjar-new-global-pipeline-hub/articleshow/1483079.cms|title=Anjar: new global pipeline hub|author=Swaminathan S. Anklesaria Aiyar|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 April 2006|access-date=12 September 2022|language=en|archive-date=9 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309185504/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sa-aiyar/swaminomics/anjar-new-global-pipeline-hub/articleshow/1483079.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Kalash_Circle.jpg|thumb|Kalash Circle]]
The people of Anjar come from a wide variety of backgrounds. The three most populous religions are [[Hindu]], [[Jainism|Jain]] and [[Islam]]. [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] and [[Hindi]] are the most commonly spoken languages. Major festivals from multiple religions are celebrated in the town, including [[Hindola]], [[Navaratri]], [[Ram Navami]], [[Sharad Purnima]], [[Diwali]], [[Holi]], [[Eid al-Fitr]] and [[Ramadan]].<ref name="Anjar"/>

==Villages in Anjar==
In total, there are 66 villages in the [[Administrative division]] ("[[Taluka]]") of Anjar, including, among others: [[Amrapar]], [[Bhalot]], [[Chandiya]], [[Chandroda]], [[Devaria, Kachchh|Devaria]], [[Khambhra]], Pantiya, [[Khedoi]], [[Khokhra]], [[Kotda Chandrani]], [[Kumbharia, Kutch District, Gujarat|Kumbhariya]], [[Lakhapar]], [[Lovariya]], [[Meghpar, Anjar|Meghpar]], [[Mindiyana]], [[Nagalpar, Anjar|Nagalpar]], [[Pantiya]], [[Ratnal]], [[Sanghad]], [[Sinugra]], [[Tuna Port|Tuna]], [[Vidi, Kutch|Vidi]] and [[Vira, Kutch|Vira]].<ref name="Growing"/>

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
* {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Anjár |volume=2 |ref={{harvid|EB|1878}} |page=58 }}
* {{cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Anjar |volume=2 |ref={{harvid|EB|1911}} |page=55 }}

==External links==
* [http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=23111194&x=70029817&z=15&l=0&m=a Direct View Of Anjar]

{{Navbox
| name = Anjar, India
| title = [[Taluka]] of Anjar
| image = [[Image:Map Gujarat state and districts.png|150px|left]]
| group1 = Capital Town
| list1 = Anjar
| group2 = Major cities
| list2 = Anjar{{·}} [[Adipur]]{{·}} [[Gandhidham]]{{·}}
| group3 = Villages of Anjar taluka
| list3 = [[Sinugra]]{{·}} [[Khambhra]]{{·}} [[Lovariya]]{{·}} [[Nagalpar]]{{·}} [[Mindiyana]]{{·}} [[Chandiya]]{{·}} [[Chandroda]]{{·}} [[Khedoi]]{{·}} [[Pantiya]]{{·}} [[Devaliya]]{{·}}[[Meghpar, Anjar|Meghpar]]{{·}}
| group4 = Topics
| list4 = [[Sarpanch]]{{·}} [[List of Chief Ministers of Gujarat|Taluka Head]]{{·}} [[:Category:History of Gujarat|History]]{{·}} [[List of people from Gujarat|Notable people]]{{·}} [[:Category:Cities and towns in Gujarat|Cities and Towns]]{{·}} [[:Category:Education in Gujarat|Education institutes]]{{·}} [[List of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries of Gujarat, India|National parks & Sanctuaries]]
}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kutch district]]
[[Category:Former capitals in India]]

Vanathi Srinivasan

2026-03-10T05:20:50Z

Samantahfp: adjust intro after review and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1970)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vanathi Srinivasan
| native_name = வானதி சீனிவாசன்
| image =
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption = Vanathi Srinivasan in December 2020
| nationality = Indian
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 12 May 2021
| constituency = [[Coimbatore South (state assembly constituency)|Coimbatore South]]
| predecessor = [[Amman K. Arjunan]]
| office1 = President of the [[BJP Mahila Morcha]]
| term_start1 = 28 October 2020
| term_end1 =
| president1 = [[Jagat Prakash Nadda]]] [[Nitin Nabin]]
| predecessor1 = Vijaya Rahatkar
| successor1 =
| office2 = Vice President of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party, Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start2 = 3 July 2020
| term_end2 = 28 October 2020
| president2 = [[L. Murugan]]
| office3 = General Secretary of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party, Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start3 = 16 August 2014
| term_end3 = 3 July 2020
| president3 = [[Tamilisai Soundararajan]] [[L. Murugan]]
| birth_name = Vanathi Kandaswamy
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|6|6|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| residence = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| website = {{URL|http://vanathisrinivasan.com/}}
| spouse = Su Srinivasan
| children = 2
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Politician, lawyer
| alma_mater =
* [[Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai]],
* [[University of Madras]]
| date =
| year =
| signature =
| bodyclass =
}}

'''Vanathi Srinivasan''' ([[Help:IPA/Tamil|/ʋaːnati/]]; born 6 June 1970) is an Indian politician and a [[lawyer]] from Tamil Nadu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/bjp-looks-for-new-party-chief-in-state/articleshow/69589502.cms|title=BJP looks for new party chief in Tamil Nadu |first=Jaya |last=Menon |website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-24|date=31 May 2019 }}</ref> She has practiced law in [[Madras High Court]] since 1993.<ref name="NIE2020">{{cite news |title=Vanathi Srinivasan elevated as BJP women's wing president |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/oct/29/vanathi-srinivasan-elevated-as-bjp-womens-wing-president-2216434.html |access-date=4 March 2021 |work=The New Indian Express |date=29 October 2020}}</ref> She is a member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from [[Coimbatore South Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/coimbatore-south-election-result-2021-live-updates-coimbatore-south-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3694766.html|title = Tamil Nadu: Kamal Haasan Loses to BJP's Vanathi Srinivasan in Coimbatore South|date = 3 May 2021}}</ref> She currently serves as national president of the women's wing of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. She is member of central election committee of party since 2022.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Hebbar |first=Nistula |date=2022-08-17 |title=Nadda drops Gadkari, brings in Yediyurappa in BJP rejig |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bjp-parliamentary-board-gadkari-chouhan-dropped-yediyurappa-sonowal-among-six-new-entrants/article65778595.ece |access-date=2023-12-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-17 |title=Nitin Gadkari, Shivraj Singh Chouhan dropped from BJP's parliamentary board |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bjp-organisational-shuffle-parliamentary-board-changes-election-commitee-nitin-gadkari-shivraj-chouhan-8095285/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life and education==
Vanathi was born to Kandasamy and Poovathal in Uliyampalayam Village near [[Thondamuthur]] block in [[Coimbatore]]. She is the eldest in her family and she has a brother, Shiva Kumar. She did her schooling at Thondamuthur Higher Secondary School. Later, she did her UG program in chemistry from [[PSG College of Arts and Science]]. She graduated from [[Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai|Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College]], Chennai in 1993 and completed her master's degree in law from the [[University of Madras]] in the branch of International Constitution in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanathi Srinivasan became Tamil Nadu’s 1st MLA to earn ISO certified tag for her office |url=https://theprint.in/politics/how-bjps-vanathi-srinivasan-became-tamil-nadus-1st-mla-to-earn-iso-certified-tag-for-her-office/1975070/ |access-date=2021-12-22 |website=www.theprint.in |language=en}}</ref> She married Srinivasan and they have two sons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanathi Srinivasan(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- COIMBATORE SOUTH(COIMBATORE) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/TamilNadu2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=282 |access-date=2021-12-22 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

==Career==
Vanathi is a lawyer by profession and has been practicing law in [[Chennai high court|Chennai High Court]] for over two decades.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tn-bjp-leader-hosts-chat-shows-on-facebook/article6100637.ece| title = TN BJP leader hosts chat shows on Facebook | date = 23 May 2016 | access-date = 26 January 2018 | work = The Hindu}}</ref> She started her professional career in 1993, working for B. S. Gnanadesikan, Senior Advocate who was former President, Tamil Nadu Congress Committee. She was also a standing counsel for Southern Railway and Union Government. She was a former state secretary of BJP Tamil Nadu and also served as board member of Central Board of Film Certification.<ref>Vanathi Srinivasan [https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Affidavits2011/25/No.%2011%20Vanathi%20Srinivasan.pdf Election Affidavit] </ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/aug242005/national223182005823.asp | publisher = Deccan Herald | date = 24 August 2005 | access-date = 27 September 2016 | title = Actor Surya held, out on bail | archive-date = 27 September 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160927203648/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/aug242005/national223182005823.asp | url-status = dead }}</ref> She contested 2011 and 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election as a BJP candidate.

==Political career==
Vanathi has been a member of BJP since 1993 and held various positions in the party since 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vanathi Srinivasan: Party Veteran And BJP's Hope For Coimbatore South|url=https://www.ndtv.com/people/vanathi-srinivasan-party-veteran-and-bjps-hope-for-coimbatore-south-in-tamil-nadu-assembly-elections-2426332|access-date=2021-12-22|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> She was appointed a State Secretary of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP Tamil Nadu]] in 2013 and continued until 2014 when she was appointed the General Secretary of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP Tamil Nadu]], a post she continued till June 2020. Later, she was elevated as the state vice president of the state unit.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-07-03|title=Office bearers announced for BJP Tamil Nadu, V.P. Duraisamy, Vanathi Srinivasan named State vice presidents|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/office-bearers-announced-for-bjp-tamil-nadu-vp-duraisamy-vanathi-srinivasan-named-state-vice-presidents/article31978999.ece|access-date=2021-12-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> On 28 October 2020, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) National President [[Jagat Prakash Nadda]] appointed her as the National President of the [[BJP Mahila Morcha]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vanathi Srinivasan Appointed Chief Of BJP Mahila Morcha|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/vanathi-srinivasan-appointed-chief-of-bjp-mahila-morcha-2317156|access-date=2021-12-22|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rao|first=Madhu|date=2020-10-28|title=Vanathi Srinivasan appointed BJP Mahila Morcha chief|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national-bjp-mahila-morcha-chief-vanathi-srinivasan-appointed-660603|access-date=2021-12-22|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-29|title=Vanathi Srinivasan Appointed Chief of BJP Mahila Morcha.|url=https://allindialegalforum.in/2020/10/29/vanathi-srinivasan-appointed-chief-of-bjp-mahila-morcha/|access-date=2021-12-22|website=All India Legal Forum|language=en|archive-date=22 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222034247/https://allindialegalforum.in/2020/10/29/vanathi-srinivasan-appointed-chief-of-bjp-mahila-morcha/|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was added into Central Election Committee of BJP in 2022.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

She was first elected as MLA representing the BJP, as part of an alliance, and won the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Coimbatore South (state assembly constituency)|Coimbatore South constituency]]. She defeated actor [[Kamal Haasan]] of [[Makkal Needhi Maiam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP announces candidates for Tamil Nadu election, Khushbu Sundar to contest from Chennai |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-polls-2021/story/bjp-candidates-list-for-tamil-nadu-election-khushboo-sundar-vanathi-srinavasan-1779180-2021-03-14}}</ref> Earlier in 2016, she secured 33,113 votes contesting from the same seat (2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election).<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.thehindu.com/elections/tamilnadu2016/in-coimbatore-bjp-performs-better-than-dmdkpwftmc/article8623059.ece| title = In Coimbatore, BJP performs better than DMDK-PWF-TMC | date = 12 September 2016 | access-date = 26 January 2018 | work = The Hindu| last1 = Madhavan | first1 = Karthik }}</ref>

===Elections contested===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! Constituency
! colspan="2" | Party
! Votes
! %
! colspan="3" | Opponent
! Votes
! %
! Margin
|-
! [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[Mylapore Assembly constituency|Mylapore]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|shortname=BJP|rowspan=3}}
| 6,911
| 4.84
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|shortname=ADMK|rowspan=2}}
| Rajalakshmi R
| 56.03
|{{no2|Lost}}
| 73,152
|-
! [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[Coimbatore South Assembly constituency|Coimbatore South]]
| 26,675
| 21.57
| [[Amman K. Arjunan]]
| 38.94
|{{no2|Lost}}
| 26,675
|-
! [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[Coimbatore South Assembly constituency|Coimbatore South]]
| 53,209
| 34.38
|{{Party name with color|Makkal Needhi Maiam|shortname=MNM}}
| [[Kamal Haasan]]
| 33.26
|{{yes2|Won}}
| 1,728
|}

== Controversy ==

=== Disproportionate asset allegation ===
Srinivasan was involved in a controversy after raids on a company named Zylog Systems, where she holds shares and her brother was a vice president. She denied any involvement with the company and stated that there was no proof to back up the allegations.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mathi|date=2017-05-22|title=என்னைப் பற்றி வதந்தி பரப்பும் விஷமி ... ஜாக்கிரதை.. வானதி சீனிவாசன் போட்டு தாக்குவது யாரை?|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/tamilnadu/vanathi-srinivasan-explains-on-zylog-company-issue-283512.html|access-date=2021-05-18|website=tamil.oneindia.com|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-11|title=ED takes action against Zylog systems - Does it spell trouble for BJP's Vanathi Srinivasan?|url=https://simplicity.in/coimbatore/english/news/43792/ED-takes-action-against-Zylog-systems---Does-it-spell-trouble-for-BJPs-Vanathi-Srinivasan|access-date=2021-05-18|website=simplicity.in|language=en}}</ref>

=== Legal cases ===
The [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] filed criminal cases of assault on Vanathi Srinivasan and six other members including the [[Hindu Munnani]] district President T. Guna in Coimbatore during the state assembly campaigns of 2016. The [[Madras High Court|Madras High court]] granted her an anticipatory bail for the case in August 2016.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Subramani |first=A. |date=8 August 2016 |title=Madras HC grants anticipatory bail to BJP leader Vanathi Srinivasan |language=en |website=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Madras-HC-grants-anticipatory-bail-to-BJP-leader-Vanathi-Srinivasan/articleshow/53599680.cms |access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref>

===Tamil Nadu bifurcation proposal===
Vanathi supports the idea of bifurcating Tamil Nadu to create a separate [[Kongu Nadu]] union territory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/in-tamil-nadu-murmurs-of-state-bifurcation-provoke-a-backlash-101626668302705.html|title=In Tamil Nadu, murmurs of state bifurcation provoke a backlash|date=19 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/politics/kongu-nadu-has-been-alone-at-that-time-excitement-by-vanathi-srinivasan-information--qw10k3|title = அப்போதே தனியாகத்தான் இருந்திருக்கிறது கொங்கு நாடு... வானதி சீனிவாசன் தகவலால் பரபரப்பு..!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tamil-nadu-bifurcation-dmk-left-slam-bjp-over-kongu-nadu-1826660-2021-07-11|title = DMK, Left slam Tamil Nadu BJP for allegedly stoking 'Kongu Nadu' controversy}}</ref>

==Social activism==
She was the State Organiser for [[Sister Nivedita]] 150th Birth Anniversary Celebrations.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/sister-nivedita-ratha-yatra-flagged-off/article22494071.ece |title=Sister Nivedita ratha yatra flagged off |work=The Hindu |date=2018-01-23 |access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref> She also initiated water conservation projects in Coimbatore to protect the local water bodies.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/uliyampalayam-pond-fills-up/article17600488.ece |title=Uliyampalayam pond fills up |work=The Hindu |date=2017-04-23 |access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivasan, Vanathi}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Politicians from Coimbatore]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]

St. Francis Indian School

2026-03-04T17:40:04Z

Samantahfp: Made The Article W/ Sources

{{Short description|School in South Dakota, United States}}{{Infobox school
| established = {{start year and age|1886}}
| grades = K-12
| language = {{Plainlist|
* [[English language|English]]
* [[Lakota language|Lakota]]
}}
| affiliation = [[Bureau of Indian Education]]
}}

{{Use American English|date=September 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}

'''St. Francis Indian School''' is a K-12 Native American school in [[St. Francis, South Dakota]]. It is tribally controlled and is affiliated with the [[Bureau of Indian Education]] (BIE).<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Francis Indian School |url=https://www.bie.edu/schools/directory/st-francis-indian-school |accessdate=July 11, 2021 |publisher=[[Bureau of Indian Education]]}}</ref>

[[Lakota people]] are served by the school.<ref name="Hollandsignificant">{{cite news |last=Holland |first=Debra |date=June 29, 1986 |title=St. Francis School is significant part of Lakota life |page=B1 |newspaper=[[Rapid City Journal]] |place=[[Rapid City, South Dakota]]}} - [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81211395/ Clipping] from [[Newspapers.com]]</ref>

==History==
In 1886 the school, initially a Christian elementary school of St. Francis Mission meant to serve Native students with [[English as a second language]], was established. It had 200-person boarding facilities, with all students boarding, and had one building, though a second was later added and the boarding facilities filled. A fire destroyed the existing facilities in January 1916. Concrete replacement facilities were built and school resumed in fall 1916. The high school classes began in 1931. It had a peak enrollment of 500 in the 1940s and 1950s. The dormitories were decommissioned in the 1960s after improvements to the roads were implemented. Tribal control came in 1979.<ref>{{cite news |last=Taylor |first=Kay |date=June 29, 1986 |title=Catholic ministry nurtures heritage at St. Francis |page=B1 |newspaper=[[Rapid City Journal]] |place=[[Rapid City, South Dakota]]}} - [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81211028/for-st-francis-indian-school/ Clipping] from [[Newspapers.com]]</ref> Residents had a positive reception to gaining tribal control.<ref name=Hollandsignificant/>

By 2004 the school began hiring teachers from other countries to fill vacancies.<ref>{{cite news|last=Schmidt|first=Brenda Wade|title=Schools take small steps toward higher achievement|newspaper=[[Argus Leader]]|place=[[Sioux Falls, South Dakota]]|date=2004-01-26|page=1A, 6A}} - [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119798387/ Clipping of first] and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119798428/ of second page] ([https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119866165/ detail view #1] and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119865808/ detail view] #2) at [[Newspapers.com]].</ref>

==Curriculum==
In 1986, in addition to English and Lakota, the school had the following foreign languages available: German, Latin, Russian, and Spanish. Some languages classes were only open to high school students.<ref name=Hollandsignificant/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.sfisk12.org/ St. Francis Indian School]

{{NativeAmericanhighschoolsU.S.}}

{{coord|43.1408|-100.9007|type:edu_region:US-SD|display=title}}

[[Category:Catholic Church and minority language rights]]
[[Category:Public K–12 schools in South Dakota]]

[[Category:Native American boarding schools in South Dakota]]
[[Category:Native American history of South Dakota]]


{{SouthDakota-school-stub}}
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1886]]
[[Category:1886 establishments in Dakota Territory]]

Byomkesh Bakshi (2010 film)

2026-03-04T00:23:59Z

Samantahfp: slightly adjusted layout per sources and updated info as per guidelines

{{Short description|2010 Indian Bengali film by Anjan Dutt}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{For|other novels, films, and series about Byomkesh Bakshi|Byomkesh Bakshi in other media}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Byomkesh Bakshi
| image = Byomkesh Bakshi 2010 film DVD cover.png
| alt =
| caption = DVD cover of the film
| director = [[Anjan Dutt]]
| producer = [[Kaustuv Ray]]
| screenplay = Anjan Dutt
| based_on = ''[[Byomkesh Bakshi#Stories|Adim Ripu]]'' by [[Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay]]
| starring = Abir Chatterjee
| music = [[Neel Dutt]]
| cinematography =
| editing = [[Arghyakamal Mitra]]
| studio = RP Techvision (I) Pvt. Ltd.
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2010|08|13|Kolkata}}
| runtime = 136 mins
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Byomkesh Bakshi''''' is an Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language crime drama film about the exploits of the fictional detective [[Byomkesh Bakshi]].<ref name="toi report">{{cite news |url=http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=11&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIKM&mydateHid=24-05-2014&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Kolkata&edname=&articleid=Ar01100&publabel=TOI |title=Mystery Trail |last=Chatterjee |first=Shoma |date=24 May 2014 |access-date=27 July 2014 |newspaper=The Times of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026105115/http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=11&sectid=edid%3D&edlabel=TOIKM&mydateHid=24-05-2014&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Kolkata&edname=&articleid=Ar01100&publabel=TOI |archive-date=26 October 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> It is directed by [[Anjan Dutt]] and produced by [[Kaustuv Ray]]. The film was released on 13 August 2010 and spawned five sequels till date, including ''[[Abar Byomkesh]]'' (2012), ''[[Byomkesh Phire Elo]]'' (2014), ''[[Byomkesh Bakshi (2015 film)|Byomkesh Bakshi]]'' (2015), ''[[Byomkesh O Chiriyakhana]]'' (2016) and ''[[Byomkesh O Agnibaan]]'' (2017).

==Plot==
[[Byomkesh Bakshi]] is a Bengali detective (though he likes to be addressed as ''Satyanweshi'', eng. truthseeker) who takes on another spine-chilling case with [[Ajit Kumar Banerjee (writer)|Ajit Kumar Banerjee]], his friend who is a novelist.

The story Adim Ripu starts off with local goon Bantul Sardar offering firearms left behind by departed American WW-II soldiers to Byomkesh and Ajit in their Harrison Road, Kolkata residence. Sardar's departure is quickly followed by the arrival of Miss Nanibala Roy. Ms. Roy has an adopted son Prabhat Roy, who is also the foster-son of rich businessman Anadi Halder. Halder being single lets Ms. Nanibala Roy manages his household.

Halder has two nephews Nimai and Nitai who obviously have ill feelings towards Prabhat in the context of the inheritance of Halder's riches. Additionally, Halder had recently blocked Prabhat from marrying a girl he likes, and it is suspected that Nimai and Nitai have something to do with this.

Ms. Nanibala Roy is apprehensive about her adopted son's safety.

Anadi Halder is murdered, and the story takes a fascinating turn with an extremely surprising ending.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/7933610-adim-ripu-2010-bengali-stills-byomkesh-bakshi-film-abir-chatterjee-swastika-mukherje|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721044053/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/7933610-adim-ripu-2010-bengali-stills-byomkesh-bakshi-film-abir-chatterjee-swastika-mukherje|url-status=usurped|archive-date=21 July 2010|title = Unable to select database}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Abir Chatterjee]] as [[Byomkesh Bakshi]]
*[[Saswata Chatterjee]] as [[Ajit Bandyopadhyay (character)|Ajit]]
*[[Ushasie Chakraborty]] as [[Byomkesh|Satyabati]]
*Arindol Bagchi as Nripen/Nyapa
*Kalyan Chatterjee as Keshto Das
*Swagata Banerjee as Miss Nanibala Roy
*[[Rudranil Ghosh]] as Prabhat
*[[Chandan Sen]] as Bantul
*[[Pijush Ganguly]] as Gadananda
*[[Biswajit Chakraborty]] as Anadi Haldar
*[[Swastika Mukherjee]] as Shiuli Majumdar

==Sequels==

===''Abar Byomkesh'' (2012)===
A sequel of this film ''[[Abar Byomkesh]]'' was released on 23 March 2012.<ref name="Abar Byomkesh">{{cite news|title=Abar Byomkesh|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120331/jsp/calcutta/story_15317267.jsp#.UHISCs95MxA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402171757/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120331/jsp/calcutta/story_15317267.jsp#.UHISCs95MxA|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 April 2012|accessdate=7 October 2012|newspaper=Telegraph, Calcutta|date=31 March 2012}}</ref>

===''Byomkesh Phire Elo'' (2014)===
[[Anjan Dutt|Dutt]] made another sequel named ''[[Byomkesh Phire Elo]]'' which was released on 19 December 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Abir's Feluda to compete against Abir's Byomkesh?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Abirs-Feluda-to-compete-against-Abirs-Byomkesh/articleshow/36483874.cms|accessdate=7 October 2012|newspaper=The times of India|date=13 June 2014}}</ref>

===''Byomkesh Bakshi'' (2015)===
The third sequel starring [[Jisshu Sengupta]] as Bakshi instead was released on 16 October 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7mwxqqjxI8|title = - YouTube|website = [[YouTube]]}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Byomkesh Bakshi]]
*[[Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay]]
*[[Abar Byomkesh]]
*[[Satyanweshi (film)|Satyanweshi]]
*[[Detective Byomkesh Bakshi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|title=Byomkesh Bakshi|id=1723596}}
{{Byomkesh Bakshi}}
{{Anjan Dutt}}

[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]
[[Category:2010 crime drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Anjan Dutt]]
[[Category:Byomkesh Bakshi films]]
[[Category:Films set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:2010 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Saradindu Bandopadhyay]]
[[Category:Bengali-language detective films]]

{{2010s-Bengali-film-stub}}
{{2010s-crime-drama-film-stub}}

Manthrikumaran

2026-03-03T21:17:38Z

Samantahfp: fix article per standard format to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Manthrikumaran
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Thulasidas]]
| producer = Dr Rajan Dennis, Ravi P Dennis
| writer = [[Suresh Poduval]]
| screenplay =
| starring =
| music = [[Mohan Sithara]]
| cinematography = [[Saloo George]]
| editing = G Murali
| studio = Dennis Brothers
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1998}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}
'''''Manthrikumaran''''' is a 1998 Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam language film]] directed by [[Thulasidas]], starring [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] and [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangita]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=3106|title=Manthrikumaran|accessdate=2014-11-07|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.msidb.org/m.php?1423|title=Manthrikumaran|accessdate=2014-11-07|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/malayalam-cinema-and-the-multiverse-of-misogyny-7807136/ | title=Malayalam cinema and the multiverse of misogyny | date=9 March 2022 }}</ref>

==Plot==
{{more plot|date=April 2020}}
Achuthankutty wants to become a bank manager and thinks highly of himself. His father Pothuval brings a marriage proposal for him with Aswathi. She is a nurse and for that reason Achuthankutty insults her without seeing her before her father. He gets a job as peon in the same town where Aswathi works. Achuthankutty's superior is Sunderashan. Sunderashan is fed up with his feminist and arrogant wife Chandrika and they fight. Chandrika and Aswathy are friends and they find out about Achuthankutty.

Chandrika tells Aswathy that she should take revenge on Achuthankutty. They trick him into believing that she is an air hostess. Chandrika makes Achuthankutty fall for the trick and he himself introduces to her as a bank manager and marries her. Aswathi has now thrown her life for revenge and Achuthankutty on a fool's paradise. But soon the lies begin to peel off and Achutankutty goes to extreme ends to meet his primary goal, but later he understands what life and married life should be and comes back to Aswathy after an arduous period of despicable games.

==Cast==
* [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Achuthankutty
* [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangita]] as Aswathy
* [[Jagadeesh]] as Ramanan
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Sundareshan
* [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Adv. Bahuleyan
* [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha|KPAC Lalitha]] as Chandrika Sundareshan
* Chandni Shaju as Sreekutty
* [[Oduvil Unnikrishnan]] as Pothuval
* [[Bobby Kottarakkara]] as Raghu
* [[K. T. S. Padannayil]] as grandfather
* Kaviyoor Renuka as Janaki
* [[M. R. Gopakumar]] as Ravunni
* Poojappura Radhakrishnan as Postman
* [[Sadiq (Indian actor)|Sadiq]] as Raghavan
* [[Madhupal]] as Sarath (Cameo Appearance)
* Anila Sreekumar as Subadra
* [[Rajith Kumar]] as Bank Employee
* Sindhu as Malavika

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack album was composed by Mohan Sithara and the lyrics were written by [[Bharanikkavu Sivakumar]] & [[S. Ramesan Nair]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Track !! Song title !! Singer(s)
|-

| 1 || ''Thingalppoo Virinjuvo V1'' || Mohan Sithara, [[Biju Narayanan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]

|-

| 2 || ''Thingalppoo Virinjuvo V2'' || Mohan Sithara, K. S. Chithra

|-

| 3 || ''Thingalppoo Virinjuvo V3'' || Mohan Sithara, Biju Narayanan

|-

| 4 || ''Kilukile Vala Kilungave'' || K. S. Chithra

|-

| 5 || ''Pongi Pongi Pokanam'' || [[M. G. Sreekumar]]

|-

| 6 || ''Kala Kala Kalamozhi'' || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]

|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0273785}}

[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:1998 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thulasidas]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mohan Sithara]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Enga Muthalali

2026-03-03T04:56:09Z

Samantahfp: fixed structure additionally and fixed typos as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Enga Muthalali.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Liaquat Ali Khan (director)|Liaquat Ali Khan]]
| writer = [[Panchu Arunachalam]]
| producer = Meena Panchu Arunachalam
| starring = {{ubl|[[Vijayakanth]]|[[Kasthuri Shankar|Kasthuri]]}}
| cinematography = Rajarajan
| editing = Ashok Metha
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = P. A. Art Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1993|11|13}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Enga Muthalali''''' ({{Translation|Our Boss}}) is a 1993 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[Liaquat Ali Khan (director)|Liaquat Ali Khan]] and written by [[Panchu Arunachalam]]. The film stars [[Vijayakanth]] and [[Kasthuri Shankar|Kasthuri]]. It was released on 13 November 1993.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2002 |title=நட்சத்திர படப் பட்டியல் |url=https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202064212/https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2 February 2024 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |pages=41–43 |language=Ta}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Vijayaragunatha, a compassionate landlord and village chieftain, resides with his mother while his younger brother, Balakrishna "Balu", pursues his college education. Vijayaragunathan witnesses his cousin, Jayarama, murdering a poor farmer and refuses to withhold his testimony despite his uncle Narayana's pleas to lie. As a result, Jayarama is sentenced to life imprisonment. Narayana seeks revenge against Vijayaragunatha's family for his son's imprisonment. He exploits Seetharama, the caste union leader's caste-oriented sentiments to create divisions within the community. Vijayaragunathan, who advocates for equality, opposes these decisions, which leads to a confrontation between Vijayaragunathan and Seetharaman. Seetharaman, also Vijayaragunathan's brother-in-law, mistakenly believes Vijayaragunathan orchestrated the humiliation. Seetharaman's daughter, Kalyani, has been in love with Vijayaragunathan since childhood. When Seetharaman discovers their meetings, he beats Kalyani and arranges her marriage to another groom. However, none of the prospective grooms accept due to fear of Vijayaragunathan.

Seetharaman ultimately settles on Panduranga "Bambaram Pandu", the immature son of Godhandarama, who agrees to the marriage due to his interest in Seetharaman's property. Vijayaragunathan crashes the wedding, fights off the goons, and helps Kalyani confess her true feelings to the gathered relatives. Despite Seetharaman's objections, Vijayaragunathan and Kalyani get married. Narayana and his relatives await an opportunity to manipulate Balu against his brother Vijayaragunathan. Meanwhile, Balu falls in love with Kaveri, the daughter of Seetharaman's mistress, Vani Nair. Before departing for [[Delhi]], Balu promises Kaveri that he will marry her, a vow witnessed by Kalyani. Balu and Kaveri eventually consummate their relationship. Narayana and his sons deceive Balu, claiming that if he leaves for Delhi, Vijayaragunathan will monopolize the family's wealth and make Balu stay in the village, sowing discord between the brothers.

Vijayaragunathan discovers Balu's love for Kaveri and approaches Seetharaman to request her hand in marriage for Balu. Seetharaman, overwhelmed by Vijayaragunatha's gesture, agrees to the union. However, Parvathi, Vijayaragunatha's sister, refuses to accept the marriage, citing the societal implications of Balu marrying the daughter of her husband's mistress. Narayanan further manipulates Balu, falsely claiming that Vijayaragunathan rejected a lucrative marriage proposal from Krishna's daughter on Balu's behalf. Narayanan advises Balu to keep Kaveri as his mistress and marry Krishna's daughter instead. Trusting Narayanan's words, Balu calls off the marriage. Vijayaragunathan implores Balu to explain his sudden change of heart, but Balu remains obstinate. In a fit of anger, Vijayaragunathan slaps Balu, who enraged, abandons their home. Narayana exploits Balu's vulnerability, urging him to partition their ancestral property. But, Vijayaragunathan transfers the entire property to Balu and leaves the house with his mother and Kalyani.

Meanwhile, Jayarama is released from Salem prison on bail and is made to stay in Salem. During Balu's engagement with Krishna's daughter, Kaveri interrupts, confronting Balu demanding justice for impregnating her. Balu lashes out at Kaveri. Narayana secretly brings Jayarama back to the village and orchestrates Kaveri's murder, using a knife with Balu's fingerprints, and plants the knife in Balu's belongings, framing him for the crime. Balu is falsely arrested and charged with Kaveri's murder. Seetharaman witnesses the murder and is subsequently kidnapped by Jayarama, who tries to coerce him into committing suicide. Vijayaragunathan intervenes, fighting off Jayarama and his men, and protects Seetharaman. Seetharaman then brings the police and, using a letter signed by himself on behalf of Narayana, ensures Narayana and Jayarama's arrest. With the truth revealed, Balu is released from prison, and the family reunites, with Balu now reformed.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Vijayakanth]] as Vijayaragunatha
*[[Kasthuri Shankar|Kasthuri]] as Kalyani
*[[Radha Ravi]] as Seetharama
*[[Raja (Tamil actor)|Raja]] as Balakrishna "Balu"
*[[R. Sundarrajan]] as Narayana
*[[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] as Jayarama, Narayana's son
*John Amirtharaj as Krishna
*[[Vellai Subbaiah]] as a marriage broker
*[[Karuppu Subbiah]] as Karuppusamy
*[[Pasi Narayanan]] as a marriage broker
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as Godhandarama, Pandurangan's father
*[[Thyagu (actor)|Thiyagu]] as Nanjappan
*[[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Panduranga 'Bambaram Pandu'
*[[Junior Balaiah]] as Narayana's relative
*[[Nalinikanth]] as Narayana's relative
*[[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]] as Parvathi
*[[Vichithra]] as Kaveri
*[[S. N. Parvathy]] as Pandurangan's mother
*[[Dubbing Janaki]] as Vijayaragunatha, Balu and Parvathi's mother
*[[C. R. Saraswathi]] as Vani Nair, Kaveri's Mother
*[[Thalapathi Dinesh]] as a henchman (uncredited)
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinna Jamin / Thai Manasu / Enga Muthalali |url=https://avdigital.in/products/chinna-jamin-thai-manasu-enga-muthalali |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629043544/https://avdigital.in/products/chinna-jamin-thai-manasu-enga-muthalali |archive-date=29 June 2022 |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=AVDigital}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 1993 |title=Enga Muthalali (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP |url=https://music.apple.com/sg/album/enga-muthalali-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1706006931 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251023013516/https://music.apple.com/sg/album/enga-muthalali-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1706006931 |archive-date=23 October 2025 |access-date=23 October 2025 |website=[[Apple Music]] |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Bhoomikkum Saamikkum" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]] || rowspan=4|[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || 5:05
|-
| "Kolli Malai" || Mano, [[Swarnalatha]] || 4:49
|-
| "Kungumam Manjalukku (Ragam: Rathnakanthi)" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]] || 5:00
|-
| "Mahathaana Uravugalai" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || 4:44
|-
| "Marumagale" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra || [[Panchu Arunachalam]] || 5:01
|}

== Critical reception ==
Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Liyakat Ali Khan's treatment is fairly neat and he has tackled a subject that is different".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=19 November 1993 |title=Ingratitude of a brother |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19931119&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Thulasi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'', however, found the film to be clichéd and predictable.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=துளசி |date=5 December 1993 |title=எங்க முதலாளி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1993-12-05/page/n43/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230211055808/https://archive.org/details/kalki1993-12-05/page/n43/mode/2up |archive-date=11 February 2023 |access-date=1 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=43 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:1993 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1993 drama films]]
[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:1993 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Liaquat Ali Khan (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Panchu Arunachalam]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Richie (film)

2026-03-03T03:15:00Z

Samantahfp: Starting New Info From Scratch

{{short description|2017 Indian Tamil-language neo noir action crime film by Gautham Ramachandran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Richie
| image = Richie film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Gautham Ramachandran]]
| producer = {{ubl|Anand Kumar|Vinod Shornur}}
| writer =
| screenplay = Gautham Ramachandran
| based_on = ''[[Ulidavaru Kandanthe ]]'' (Kannada) by [[Rakshit Shetty]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Nivin Pauly]]|[[Natty Subramaniam|Natty]]|[[Shraddha Srinath]]|[[Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli]]}}
| music = [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
| cinematography = S. Pandi Kumar{{citation needed|reason=performing a light dig doesn't show that name anywhere related to film|date=April 2017}}
| editing = Athul Vijay
| studio = {{ubl|Yes Cinema|Cast n' Crew}}
| distributor = Trident Arts
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|12|08}}
| runtime = 111 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = ~₹12.65 crore 
}}

'''''Richie''''' (formerly titled as '''''Santa Maria''''' and '''''Avargal''''') is a 2017 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action crime]] film directed by [[Gautham Ramachandran]] and written by [[Rakshit Shetty]]. It is a remake of the 2014 [[Kannada]] film ''[[Ulidavaru Kandanthe]]'' and stars [[Nivin Pauly]] in the title role, along with [[Natty Subramaniam|Natty]], [[Shraddha Srinath]], and [[Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli]] in lead roles, while [[Prakash Raj]], [[Elango Kumaravel]], [[Raj Bharath (actor)|Raj Bharath]], and [[Aadukalam Murugadoss]] play supporting roles.

The film began production in June 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nivin's Tamil film named Santa Maria? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Nivins-Tamil-film-named-Santa-Maria/articleshow/52729573.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010140949/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Nivins-Tamil-film-named-Santa-Maria/articleshow/52729573.cms |archive-date=10 October 2016 |access-date=25 June 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and was released in India on 8 December 2017.

==Plot==
The film opens on [[Boxing Day]] with Megha, a news reporter from [[Chennai]] who is writing a story about the mysterious death of a young man named Richard K. Sagayam alias Richie, who was shot dead during a [[Santa Claus parade]] in the port city of [[Thoothukudi]]. Megha actually knows Richie as he grew up at the [[reform school]] her parents used to work at. Megha goes to the port city to investigate the story for her article.

By questioning many villagers, Megha learns that Richie was wrongly sent to the reform school for killing a classmate, even though his childhood best friend Raghu was the culprit. However, Raghu managed to run away from the city and escape the law. The local police then framed Richie for the murder to close the case. After witnessing his son beating up another boy at the school, Richie's father, the local priest Father A. K. Sagayam, stopped visiting him. After leaving school, Richie returned to his hometown and became a henchman of Isaac Annachi, the don of the city who controlled the local fisherman community. Anything taken from the sea is split between the fishermen and Annachi.

One evening, "Kaaka" Peter, a local fisherman, finds an ancient statue in the sea and tries to sell it by himself to a smuggler from [[Kolkata]]. However, Annachi finds out about this and has Richie abduct Peter to find out where the statue is. Peter's best friend, the motorboat mechanic Selvam alias Selvaa, who is in love with Peter's sister Philomena, tries to search for him. As it turns out, Raghu works for the smuggler. Wanting to make money for himself, Raghu steals the statue and returns to Thoothukudi for the first time in years. He secretly meets his widowed mother Radha and promises to take her with him to [[Dubai]], where they can start a new life.

On [[Christmas Eve]], Annachi learns that Peter sold the statue to a smuggler in Kolkata who has allegedly run away to Thoothukudi. He is then also told by Radha that her long-lost son has returned last night from Kolkata. Sensing the connection between the two cases, Annachi sends Richie to retrieve the statue from Raghu. Richie forcefully brings Raghu onto one of his boats, where he tortures Peter in front of him as punishment for going behind Annachi's back. Richie then reveals to Raghu that when he was tormented at the reform school and can never change now. However, after taking the statue, he lets Raghu go but keeps Peter captive. Raghu returns to his mother and tells her to wait for him at the train station the next day so that they can leave the city forever.

On [[Christmas]] morning, Raghu manages to track down the house of Murugesh, Richie's friend from the reform home and another member of Annachi's gang. Raghu steals the statue from the house and tries to run away but is captured by Richie and his men. Richie secretly tells Murugesh that he still cares for Raghu and that he plans to let his former friend run away with the statue and his mother. However, while driving Raghu to the train station to meet his mother, Raghu starts to get suspicious of Richie's intentions and tries to kill him but ends up getting killed by his childhood friend. Murugesh and their other friends help Richie dispose of Raghu's body in the sea. Radha is shown waiting at the train station for Raghu, who will never come.

Later in the evening, Sagayam participates in the parade and stops at Annachi's house to bless his own son for the very first time in years. Meanwhile, Selvaa finds Peter's bloodied mask in Richie's jeep, which leads him to believe that Richie killed Peter. He steals Murugesh's gun and guns Richie while he is dancing in the parade. Subsequently, Murugesh follows Selvaa and guns him down. Meanwhile, another one of Annachi's goons finds the statue and runs away with it, while the parade turns into a commotion.

Peter manages to escape his captivity, and Murugesh is arrested for killing Selvaa. Both of them, as well as Annachi, narrate their story to Megha.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Nivin Pauly]] as Richard K. Sagayam (Richie)
**Master Hitesh S. Bharadwaj as Young Richie
* [[Natty Subramaniam|Natty]] as Selvam (Selvaa)
**Master Dharmi S. Bharadwaj as Young Selvaa
* [[Shraddha Srinath]] as Megha
* [[Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli]] as Philomena
* [[Prakash Raj]] as Father A. K. Sagayam
* [[Elango Kumaravel]] as "Kaaka" Peter
* [[Raj Bharath (actor)|Raj Bharath]] as Raghu
* [[Aadukalam Murugadoss]] as Murugesh
* [[Tulasi (actress)|Tulasi]] as Radha
* G. K. Reddy as Isaac Annachi
* Bhargav Ramakrishnan as Das
* Winner Ramachandran as Village Chief
* Sivaraju as Sudhi
* Singam Saravanan as Elango
* Mithra as Elango's wife
* Janakiraman as Editor
* Santhakumar as Peter's friend
* Feroz Khan as Dockyard Employee
}}

==Production==
=== Development ===
In 2012, Gautham Ramachandran met [[Nivin Pauly]] and the pair began discussing the idea of making a bilingual film. They developed several story lines but then chose to purchase the remake rights of [[Rakshit Shetty]]'s Kannada film ''[[Ulidavaru Kandanthe]]'' (2014), after being impressed with the script.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2016 |title=Gautham Ramchandran Interview: Remaking Nivin Pauly |url=http://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/gautham-ramchandran-interview-remaking-nivin-pauly/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530234454/http://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/gautham-ramchandran-interview-remaking-nivin-pauly/ |archive-date=30 May 2016 |access-date=25 June 2016 |website=Silverscreen.in}}</ref> Gautham began working on the script during June 2015 and revealed that nearly 40 drafts were made as he changed the screenplay of the original to fit in with the Tamil milieu. Nivin Pauly had also worked closely with Gautham on scripting the Tamil version, with the pair dropping their initial plans of making it a bilingual venture in Malayalam too. In April 2015, Gautham denied that [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] had been signed on as the lead actress.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2016 |title=It took 40 drafts to finalise Nivin Pauly's next Tamil film |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/it-took-40-drafts-to-finalise-nivin-paulys-next-tamil-film-2760388/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623234049/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/it-took-40-drafts-to-finalise-nivin-paulys-next-tamil-film-2760388/ |archive-date=23 June 2016 |access-date=25 June 2016 |website=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2016 |title=Director Gautham Ramachandran on his film with Nivin Pauly |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/director-gautham-ramachandran-on-his-film-with-nivin-pauly.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622082454/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/director-gautham-ramachandran-on-his-film-with-nivin-pauly.html |archive-date=22 June 2016 |access-date=25 June 2016 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref> The film was later dubbed in Malayalam with certain scenes being retained with the Tamil dialogue.

=== Casting ===
[[Natty Subramaniam]] joined the team to play another leading role, after the team had considered casting other actors including [[M. Sasikumar|Sasikumar]]. Gautham revealed that Natty was eventually chosen because they wanted an actor who did not carry any particular image.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2016 |title=Natraj Subramaniam teams up with Nivin Pauly for next film |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/natty-natraj-subramaniam-teams-up-with-nivin-pauly-for-next-film-2852264/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615121536/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/natty-natraj-subramaniam-teams-up-with-nivin-pauly-for-next-film-2852264/ |archive-date=15 June 2016 |access-date=25 June 2016 |website=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> Kannada actress [[Shraddha Srinath]] was signed on to play the leading female role opposite Nivin, while [[Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli]] and [[Elango Kumaravel]] were signed on to portray supporting roles as members of a fishermen community.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lakshmi Chandramouli a fisherwoman in Nivin's Tamil film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Lakshmi-Chandramouli-a-fisherwoman-in-Nivins-Tamil-film/articleshow/52820386.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629061928/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/lakshmi-chandramouli-a-fisherwoman-in-nivins-tamil-film/articleshow/52820386.cms |archive-date=29 June 2016 |access-date=25 June 2016 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Veteran producer G. K. Reddy, the father of actor [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]], was signed on to play a supporting role in the film during the first schedule.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2016 |title=Vishal's father to make Tamil debut with Nivin Pauly's next |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/vishals-father-to-make-tamil-debut-with-nivin-paulys-next-2866315/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624063607/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/vishals-father-to-make-tamil-debut-with-nivin-paulys-next-2866315/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=25 June 2016 |website=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The film began the first schedule of its shoot in [[Tuticorin]] during early June 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nivin Pauly shoots in Tuticorin |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Nivin-Pauly-shoots-in-Tuticorin/articleshow/52845597.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625152510/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Nivin-Pauly-shoots-in-Tuticorin/articleshow/52845597.cms |archive-date=25 June 2016 |access-date=25 June 2016 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Previously the movie was titled as ''Santa Maria'' and then the name was changed to ''Avargal''. Later, it was titled as ''Richie''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2016 |title=Nivin Pauly's Tamil Movie titled as Avargal |url=http://newscoopz.com/nivin-paulys-tamil-movie-titled-avargal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130193511/http://www.newscoopz.com/nivin-paulys-tamil-movie-titled-avargal/ |archive-date=30 November 2016 |access-date=30 November 2016 |website=newscoopz.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nivin Pauly - Shraddha Srinath's film titled Richie |url=http://www.moviecrow.com/News/14935/nivin-pauly---shraddha-srinaths-film-titled-richie |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131141019/http://www.moviecrow.com/News/14935/nivin-pauly---shraddha-srinaths-film-titled-richie |archive-date=31 January 2017 |access-date=30 January 2017}}</ref>

[[Ashok Selvan]] shot for a cameo appearance in the film during September 2016, but the scenes were not featured in the final version.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2016 |title=Director Gautham Ramachandran on Ashok Selvan's Cameo in Ulidavaru Kandanthe Remake |url=https://silverscreen.in/tamil/news/director-gautham-ramachandran-ashok-selvans-cameo-ulidavaru-kandanthe-remake/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924064140/http://silverscreen.in/tamil/news/director-gautham-ramachandran-ashok-selvans-cameo-ulidavaru-kandanthe-remake/ |archive-date=24 September 2016 |access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Richie
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|11|23}}
| recorded = 2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 16:38
| label = [[Think Music]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Kurangu Bommai]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Mojo (2017 film)|Mojo]]
| next_year = 2017
}}
Music was composed by [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]], who composed the original Kannada film, retaining all the tunes. This is Ajaneesh's second Tamil soundtrack album after ''[[Kurangu Bommai]]''. Audio for the movie was launched along with trailer on 23 November 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2017 |title=Trailer and audio of Nivin Pauly's Richie launched |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/trailer-and-audio-of-nivin-pauly-richie-launched-4951437/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127011929/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/trailer-and-audio-of-nivin-pauly-richie-launched-4951437/ |archive-date=27 November 2017 |access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref>
{{track listing
| extra_column = Singers
| title1 = Sollathan Nenaikirane
| extra1 = B. Ajaneesh Loknath
| length1 = 4:21
| title2 = Thaayai Thedi
| extra2 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| length2 = 4:43
| title3 = Richie (Theme Music)
| extra3 =
| length3 = 3:27
| title4 = Final Showdown
| extra4 =
| length4 = 4:09
|total_length = 16:40}}

== Reception ==
M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "Where ''Richie'' scores is in the new-age-y treatment of its premise. [...] But the film doesn’t leave as much of an impact as it should. This is mainly because it doesn’t feel rooted in its milieu."<ref>{{cite news |title=Richie Movie Review {3/5}: Where Richie scores is in the new-age-y treatment of its premise |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/richie/movie-review/61980706.cms |work=The Times of India |date=15 December 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Sreedhar Pillai of [[Firstpost]] wrote, "Nivin Pauly makes a decent Kollywood [Tamil cinema] debut with his swagger and screen presence, though his Tamil dialogue delivery needs to improve. [...] For audiences fed a steady diet of commercial cinema, this film — devoid of the massy entertainment elements — may come across as a dark and dreary."<ref>{{cite news |title=Richie movie review: Nivin Pauly is impressive in this sometimes dark, dreary film |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/richie-movie-review-nivin-pauly-is-impressive-in-this-sometimes-dark-dreary-film-4249179.html |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=8 December 2017}}</ref>

Haricharan Pudipeddi of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "The actors get under the skin of the character and performances of Natty, Lakshmi Priya, Raj Bharat and Tulasi stand out. However, the extremely slow narrative is a letdown and makes even the two hour film feel really long."<ref>{{cite news |title=Richie movie review: Nivin Pauly makes a confident debut |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/richie-movie-review-apt-subject-for-nivin-pauly-s-tamil-debut/story-hvwSAlfy121yLd2zbe7uYL.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=8 December 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Ashameera Aiyappan of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "There are several new angles added to the story in form of explanations as to why the characters do what they do. Unfortunately, they don’t sit well with the chaos the narrative style generates."<ref>{{cite news |title=Richie movie review: This Nivin Pauly and Prakash Raj starrer works in parts |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/richie-movie-review-nivin-pauly-star-rating-4972595/ |work=The Indian Express |date=9 December 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

G. Ragesh of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote, "''Richie'' is undoubtedly one of the best characters that have come Nivin’s ways, and he has played the troubled youth in a matured way. However, one could still doubt if all the emotional depths of the character was translated onto the screen."<ref>{{cite news |title=Richie review: Nivin Pauly’s ‘noir’ pick |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2017/12/08/richie-audience-review.html |work=OnManorama |date=9 December 2017}}</ref> Sowmya Rajendran of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote, "It's an interesting premise to play with within the neo noir genre, but the film leaves you wanting more."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rajendran |first1=Sowmya |title=‘Richie’ Review: The Gautham directorial starring Nivin Pauly needs more meat |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/richie-review-gautham-directorial-starring-nivin-pauly-needs-more-meat-72842 |work=The News Minute |date=8 December 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Anupama Subramanian of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote, "Although significantly shorter in duration than the original ''[[Ulidavaru Kandanthe]]'', we cannot really say it is a well-crafted film and is bit too simplistic at times. The story and screenplay is a bit chaotic especially in the first half and seems to sense only post interval."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Subramanian |first1=Anupama |title=Richie movie review: Stylised and a bit raw at times {{!}} Richie movie review: Stylised and a bit raw at times |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/091217/richie-movie-review-stylised-and-a-bit-raw-at-times.html |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=9 December 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt7297586}}

[[Category:Tamil remakes of Kannada films]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:2010s mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:2017 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:2017 crime action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]

Oru Nodi

2026-03-03T02:26:26Z

Samantahfp: Starting Initial Pg W/ Infobox

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Oru Nodi Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = B. Manivarman
| writer = B. Manivarman
| producer = {{Plain list|
*G. Azhagar
*[[G. Dhananjayan]]
*K G Ratheesh
}}
| starring = {{Plain list|
*[[Thaman Kumar]]
*[[M. S. Bhaskar]]
*[[Vela Ramamoorthy]]
}}
| cinematography = [[K G Ratheesh]]
| editing = S. Gurusuriya
| music = Sanjay Manickam
| studio = Creative Entertainers & Distributors
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|04|26|India|}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Oru Nodi''''' ({{Translation|One second}}) is a 2024 [[Tamil-language]] [[crime thriller]] film written and directed by B. Manivarman, produced by G. Azhagar, [[G. Dhananjayan]], and K G Ratheesh under the banner of Creative Entertainers & Distributors. The film features [[Thaman Kumar]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]], and [[Vela Ramamoorthy]] in the lead roles, while [[Pala. Karuppiah]], Gajaraj, Karuppu Nambiyaar, [[Sriranjani (Tamil actress)|Sriranjani]], and [[Deepa Shankar]] play supporting roles. A missing man and murder of young woman story<ref>{{Cite web |last=Darshan |first=Navein |date=2024-02-03 |title=Taman Kumar's next titled Oru Nodi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Feb/03/taman-kumars-next-titled-oru-nodi-51732.html |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-03 |title=Taman Kumar's crime thriller focuses on the importance of time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/taman-kumars-crime-thriller-focuses-on-the-importance-of-time/articleshow/107378380.cms |access-date=2024-04-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The music was composed by Sanjay Manickam with cinematography by KG Ratheesh and editing by S. Gurusuriya. The film was released on 26 April 2024.

==Plot==
The movie starts of with a woman going to a police station to complain about her missing husband, Sekhar. When asked by a Constable, she says that she suspects Karimedu Thyagu, a ruthless loan shark to kidnap her husband. When constable refuses to take the case due to Thyagu's influence, a sincere police inspector Paruthi Ilamaran takes up the case. He has a strong feeling that Thyagu had done this due to a feud between Thyagu and Sekhar as the latter did not oblige to give his land documents resulting in Thyagu forcefully grabbing his documents from him. Paruthi was about to arrest Thyagu but was stopped by MLA Thirugnanamoorrhy, Thyagu's friend and a corrupt MLA

Paruthi successfully arrests Thyagu and interrogates him in a room about the kidnapping. But Thyagu does not divulge any information to him. Meanwhile, there is another case of a woman murdered mysteriously in a farm. Paruthi investigates the case and finds out that she's Parvathy, a girl working in a jewellery store. She gets stalked by a man named Natraj into pressurising her to marry him. Paruthi goes to catch Natraj but he hanged himself upon getting shocked by Parvathy's death. Then he interrogates her parents but her father denies any love affair, making Paruthi suspicious.

Paruthi finds out that Parvathy indeed had a boyfriend named Jeeva who Paruthi had met for some important case. When Jeeva gave wrong details to Paruthi, he catches him and beats him in a police station. Then Jeeva realises that her girlfriend got pregnant and that he truly loved her. Then Paruthi interrogates her father but he denied any involvement in her killing, leaving Paruthi perplexed.

Meanwhile, the woman Shakunthala gets anxiously worried about her husband and pressurizes Paruthi to find him. Paruthi still believes that Thyagu did it, but it was later found that Thyagu did not do it. He later realises that Sekhar got slit by an unknown person. That unknown person is revealed to be Vinayagam, a barber who mistakenly killed Sekhar with a shaving knife when he was taking the phone. To avoid himself of getting caught, he kills Sekhar again with an axe. Then he feeds Sekhar's body parts to a dog, Parvathy took a video and was about to give it to the cops, Vinayagam killed her ruthlessly and strangled her.

The Barber eventually admits his mistakes and gets a lifetime imprisonment. The movie ends with Paruthi solving another murder case

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Thaman Kumar]] as Paridhi Ilamaran, a police inspector
* [[M. S. Bhaskar]] as Sekaran, a photographer
* [[Vela Ramamoorthy]] as Karimedu Thyagu, a notorious financier
* [[Pala. Karuppiah]] as MLA Thirugnana Moorthy
* [[Aadukalam Naren]] as [[Commissioner]] Mathimaran
* Vignesh Adithya as Vinayagam
* Gajaraj as Yogalingam
* Karuppu Nambiyaar as SI Manickam
* [[Swaminathan]] as Manoharan
* [[Sriranjani (Tamil actress)|Sriranjani]] as Sakunthala Sekaran
* [[Deepa Shankar]] as Ponnuthayi
* Arun Karthi as Jeeva
}}

== Release ==
''Oru Nodi'' was theatrically released on 26 April 2024.

== Reception ==
Abhinav Subramanian of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3 stars out of 5 stars and noted "A tighter screenplay and a more suspenseful build-up could have elevated the film to a truly gripping experience."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Oru Nodi Movie Review : Oru Nodi: A truth lost in the maze |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/oru-nodi/movie-review/109616943.cms |access-date=2024-04-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Manigandan KR of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film 3 stars out of 5 stars and noted "''Oru Nodi'' might not be an exceptional thriller but it certainly is a sincere and commendable attempt at narrating a gripping investigative story that keeps you guessing right till the very end."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-25 |title=Oru Nodi Review: A Reasonably Good Investigative Thriller |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/oru-nodi-review-a-reasonably-good-investigative-thriller-review-109599443 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

Akshay Kumar from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the film 2 stars out of 5 stars and noted "With all that being said, ''Oru Nodi'' has safely distanced itself from indulging too much on the romantic track and also thankfully stays away from a typical ‘Tamil cinema cop song’."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2024-04-08 |title='Oru Nodi' movie review: Promising premise let down by incoherent execution |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Apr/27/oru-nodi-movie-review-promising-premise-let-down-by-incoherent-execution |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

RK Spark from ''[[Zee Tamil]]'' noted "The screenplay does not let it be thought of, even though there are logic mistakes in a few places in the film."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-26 |title=ஒரு நொடி படம் எப்படி உள்ளது? திரை விமர்சனம்! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/oru-nodi-crime-thriller-movie-review-in-tamil-501000 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Zee Tamil |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt32096149}}

[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in Madurai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Madurai]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kodaikanal]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]

Gautam Gulati

2026-02-25T10:28:06Z

Samantahfp: General cleanup and content improvements

{{short description|Indian film and TV actor (Born: 1987)}}
{{pp-pc}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gautam Gulati
| image = Gautam Gulati at Babubhai Kanchwala and Dr. Aasshna Kanchwala’s Eid celebrations 2023 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Gulati in 2023
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|11|27}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = ''[[Hansraj College|Hansraj College, North Campus, DU]]''
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|TV Personality}}
| yearsactive = 2008–Present
| known_for = ''[[Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna (2008 TV series)|Tujh Sang Preet Lagayi Sajna]]'' ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]'' ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 8)|Bigg Boss 8]]''
| website =
}}

'''Gautam Gulati''' (born 27 November 1987) is an Indian [[film]] and television actor known for his roles in ''[[Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna (2008 TV series)|Tujh Sang Preet Lagayi Sajna]]'', ''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]'' and ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''. In 2014, he participated in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss 8]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=Bigg Boss winners 'Lost and Found' |work=[[Free Press Journal]] |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bigg-boss-winners-lost-and-found}}</ref> and emerged as the winner.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos-news/photo-biggboss8/biggboss8inmates/Article4-1267043.aspx |title=Gautam Gulati is a TV actor who appears on Diya aur Baati Hum. This maybe his ticket to stardom |access-date=10 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221121402/http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos-news/photo-biggboss8/biggboss8inmates/Article4-1267043.aspx |archive-date=21 December 2014 }}</ref> He appeared in Rakesh Mehta's short film ''Darpok'', which was screened at the 67th [[Cannes Film Festival]],<ref name = film>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bigg-boss-8-gautam-gulati-turns-27-rare-unseen-photos-615344 |title=Gautam Gulati Turns 27, Rare and Unseen Photos|website=IBTIMES|date=27 November 2014|access-date=27 November 2014}}</ref> and in ''Siddhartha-The Buddha'' where he played the role of Devadutta.<ref name = film/> He played Indian cricketer [[Ravi Shastri]] in Mohammad Azharuddin's biopic ''[[Azhar (film)|Azhar]]''.<ref name="zee">{{Cite news
| title = Gautam Gulati set to play Ravi Shastri | work = Zee News| date = 5 June 2015| url = http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/gautam-gulati-set-to-play-ravi-shastri_1607328.html}}</ref> His next project was ''[[Behen Hogi Teri]]'', where he played the role of Rahul. In 2019 he portrayed the role of a RAW Agent in ''Operation Cobra'', a [[web series]] on [[Eros Now]].

==Early life==
Gulati was born on 27 November 1987 in [[Delhi]].<ref name = film/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/photo/bigg-boss-8-winner-gautam-gulati-birthday-10-hottest-photos-of-his-six-packs-dimpled-smile-376846-2015-11-27|title=10 drool-worthy photos of birthday boy Gautam Gulati|date=27 November 2015|work=India Today|access-date=6 February 2021}}</ref>

==Career==
Gulati made his television career with auditioning for ''[[MTV Roadies (season 5)|MTV Roadies 5]]'' but got rejected.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-mtv-roadies-19-gang-leader-gautam-gulati-reveals-raghu-ram-nikhil-chinapa-rejected-him-in-auditions-in-2007-3038534|title=MTV Roadies 19 gang leader Gautam Gulati reveals Raghu Ram, Nikhil Chinapa rejected him in auditions in 2007|date=25 April 2023}}</ref> Gulati started his acting career in television with the 2008 series ''[[Kahaani Hamaaray Mahaabhaarat Ki]]'' where he played [[Duryodhana]].<ref>{{cite web |date=12 November 2014 |title=Watch: Gautam Gulati's Duryodhan act can put Puneet Issar to shame |url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/CEL-watch-gautam-gulatis-duryodhan-act-can-put-puneet-issar-to-shame-4804914-NOR.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326224823/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/CEL-watch-gautam-gulatis-duryodhan-act-can-put-puneet-issar-to-shame-4804914-NOR.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 March 2016 |website=Daily Bhaskar}}</ref> He later played one of the supporting roles in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Kasamh Se]]'' and played Varun which was by [[Ekta Kapoor]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Was never offered MS Dhoni's biopic, says Gautam Gulati |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/was-never-offered-ms-dhonis-biopic-says-gautam-gulati/articleshow/48844874.cms |access-date=22 March 2020 |work=The Economic Times |date=6 September 2015}}</ref> Later in the same year he played Tejj in Star Plus show ''[[Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna (2008 TV series)|Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna]]''.<ref name="tv">{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gautam-gulatis-bollywood-debut-will-be-hit-say-fans-626929 |title=Gautam Gulati's Bollywood Debut will be a Hit, Say Fans|website=IB Times|date=22 March 2015|access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref>

In 2010 he was selected to play a gay character Shaurya Khanna in Star One's ''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi//photostory/45821403.cms|title=Actors who played gay characters on TV|date=9 January 2015 |website=The Times of India|access-date=28 September 2019}}</ref> From 2011 to 2014, he played Vikram Rathi in Star Plus' longest running show ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''. In September 2014, he participated in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss]]'' in its [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 8)|eighth season]] as a celebrity contestant.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-gautam-gulati-to-enter-bigg-boss-karan-goddwani-replaces-him-in-diya-aur-baati-hum-2016877|title=Gautam Gulati to enter Bigg Boss, Karan Goddwani replaces him in 'Diya Aur Baati Hum'|date=8 September 2014|work=DNA|access-date=13 March 2021}}</ref> He survived for 19 weeks until he emerged as the winner.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/gautam-gulati-wins-bigg-boss-8-beats-karishma-in-the-finale/story-uaFjjN0m7Z5H0b8GvLPaMO.html|title=Gautam Gulati wins Bigg Boss 8, beats Karishma in the finale|date=31 January 2015|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=13 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/gautam-i-regret-going-into-the-bathroom-with-diandra-in-bigg-boss/20150202.htm|title=Gautam: I regret going into the bathroom with Diandra in Bigg Boss|date=1 February 2015|work=Rediff|access-date=13 March 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Gautam Gulati grace Colors' annual bash.jpg|thumb|Gautam post winning Bigg Boss 8 at [[Colors TV|Colors]] TV Bash in 2016]]
In 2015, Gulati hosted a show named ''[[MTV Big F]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Bigg Boss winner Gautam Gulati is back with Big F|url = http://www.india.com/showbiz/bigg-boss-winner-gautam-gulati-is-back-with-big-f-545279/|work = India.com|date = 11 September 2015|access-date = 12 October 2015}}</ref> He later made his entry in Bollywood with the film ''[[Azhar (film)|Azhar]]'' which released in April 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bigg-boss-8-winner-gautam-gulati-to-play-cricketer-turned-commentator-in-azhar/|title=Bigg Boss 8 winner Gautam Gulati to play cricketer-turned-commentator in Azhar|date=28 March 2016|work=Indian Express|access-date=13 March 2021}}</ref>

In 2023, Gautam turned tables from giving auditions to Raghu & Nikhil (Roadies season 5) to becoming the Gang leader in [[MTV Roadies: Karm Ya Kaand|Roadies season 19 - Karm Ya Kand]] along with [[Prince Narula]] and [[Rhea Chakraborty]] on the show.

2025, saw the return of Gautam as the Gang leader in [[MTV Roadies: Double Cross|Roadies season 20 - XX Double Cross]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacinto |first=Grinell |date=2025-04-05 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Gautam Gulati Entry Into Roadies Double Cross Turns Up The Heat; Latest Task To Test Alliances |url=https://www.bollywoodbubble.com/exclusive-news/gautam-gulati-entry-into-roadies-double-cross-turns-up-the-heat/ |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=Bollywood Bubble |language=en-US}}</ref> along with new leaders like [[Elvish Yadav]] & [[Neha Dhupia]] on the show.

== Filmography ==

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2007
| ''[[MTV Roadies (season 5)|MTV Roadies 5]]''
| Contestant
| Rejected
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Kahaani Hamaaray Mahaabhaarat Ki]]''
| [[Duryodhana]] (teenage)
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name = kid>{{cite news|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-np/CEL-watch-gautam-gulatis-duryodhan-act-can-put-puneet-issar-to-shame-4804914-NOR.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307090111/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-np/CEL-watch-gautam-gulatis-duryodhan-act-can-put-puneet-issar-to-shame-4804914-NOR.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 March 2016 |title=Watch: Gautam Gulati's Duryodhan act can put Puneet Issar to shame |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]|access-date=12 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2008–2009
| ''[[Kasamh Se]]''
| Varun Sahil Bali
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name = tv/>
|-
| 2008–2010
| ''[[Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna (2008 TV series)|Tujh Sang Preet Lagayi Sajna]]''
| Teji
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name = tv/>
|-
| 2010–2011
| ''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]''
| Shaurya Khanna
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name = tv/>
|-
| 2010
| ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]''
| Abhimanyu
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name = tv/>
|-
| 2011–2014
| ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''
| Vikram Arun Rathi
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-gautam-gulati-to-enter-bigg-boss-karan-goddwani-replaces-him-in-diya-aur-baati-hum-2016877 |title=Gautam Gulati to enter Bigg Boss, Karan Goddwani replaces him in 'Diya Aur Baati Hum' |work=DNA|date=8 September 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 5|Nach Baliye 5]]''
| rowspan="2" |Himself
| rowspan="2" |Guest
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name = tv/>
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 5|Nach Baliye 6]]''
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name = tv/>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014–2015
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 8)|Bigg Boss 8]]''
| rowspan="3" | Contestant
| rowspan="2" |Winner
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-8-Day-5-Praneet-turns-dominant-fights-with-Gautam-Gulati/photostory/43533302.cms|title=Bigg Boss 8 Day 5: Praneet turns dominant, fights with Gautam Gulati|date=26 September 2014|work=The Times of India|access-date=13 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 8)|Bigg Boss Halla Bol]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2015
| ''[[Farah Ki Dawat]]''
| rowspan="3" |Guest
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Farah-Ki-Daawat-When-Alia-Bhatt-and-Gautam-Gulati-were-tied-to-each-other/articleshow/46485155.cms|title=Farah Ki Daawat: When Alia Bhatt and Gautam Gulati were tied to each other|date=10 April 2015|work=The Times of India|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 8]]''
|Guest Contestant
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-not-a-wild-card-entry-gautam-gulati-on-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-reloaded-appearance-2127726|title=Not a wild card entry: Gautam Gulati on 'Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Reloaded' appearance!|date=22 September 2015|work=DNA|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kaisi Yeh Yaariyan]]''
|Himself
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/gautam-gulati-appear-kaisi-yeh-yaariaan-2-creates-hilarious-dubsmash-video-parth-samthaan-649539|title=Gautam Gulati to appear on 'Kaisi Yeh Yaariaan 2'; creates hilarious dubsmash video with Parth Samthaan|date=7 October 2015|work=IB Times|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''[[MTV Big F]]''
| Host
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/Gautam-Gulati-to-debut-as-a-host/videoshow/48896062.cms|title=Gautam Gulati to debut as a host on TV |work=The Times of India|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 9)|Bigg Boss 9]]''
| rowspan="6" | Himself
| rowspan="6" |Guest
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/bigg-boss-9-day-34-salman-khan-rebukes-prince-gautam-gulati-enters-the-house-1164736.html|title='Bigg Boss 9', day 34: Salman Khan rebukes Prince; Gautam Gulati enters the house |date=15 November 2015|work=News18|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|Bigg Boss 10]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-10-mandana-karimi-gautam-gulati-salman-khan-weekend-ka-vaar-lifetv-354117-2016-11-26|title=BB10: Mandana Karimi, Gautam Gulati to give contestants a piece of their mind on Weekend Ka Vaar|date=26 November 2016|work=India Today|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |date=29 May 2017 |title=Rajkummar Rao, Shruti Haasan, Gautam Gulati On The Sets Of The Kapil Sharma Show |url=https://www.spotboye.com/photos/photo-gallery/rajkummar-rao-shruti-haasan-gautam-gulati-on-the-sets-of-the-kapil-sharma-show/592c1801a53dade31560fe5c |website=Spotboye}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 12)|Bigg Boss 12]]''
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-12-gautam-gulati-kamya-punjabi-and-priyank-sharma-enter-the-house-contestants-get-an-opportunity-to-regain-their-lost-prize-money/articleshow/67272125.cms|title=Bigg Boss 12: Gautam Gulati, Kamya Punjabi and Priyank Sharma enter the house; contestants get an opportunity to regain their lost prize money|date=28 December 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 13)|Bigg Boss 13]]''
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-13-weekend-ka-vaar-highlights-tehseen-is-out-salman-reprimands-mahira-for-targeting-sidharth-1617534-2019-11-10|title=Bigg Boss 13 Weekend Ka Vaar highlights: Tehseen is out, Salman reprimands Mahira for targeting Sidharth, Gautam Gulati enters|date=10 November 2019|work=India Today|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-13-shehnaaz-gill-showers-gautam-gulati-with-kisses-hugs-dances-with-him-on-dil-diyan-gallan-video-1144753/amp|title=Bigg Boss 13: Shehnaaz Gill Showers Gautam Gulati With Kisses & Hugs, Dances With Him On 'Dil Diyan Gallan'|date=18 January 2020|work=ABP News|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karoge]]''
| Host
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/mujhse-shaadi-karoge-gautam-gulati-slams-shehnaaz-gill-for-disrespecting-the-contestants-1650841-2020-02-28|title=Mujhse Shaadi Karoge: Gautam Gulati slams Shehnaaz Gill for disrespecting the contestants|date=28 February 2020|work=India Today|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 15)|Bigg Boss 15]]''
| Himself
|Guest
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|date=1 November 2021|title=Gautam Gulati, Kamya Punjabi, Rashami and Devoleena to give Bigg Boss 15 contestants a reality check|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/gautam-gulati-kamya-punjabi-rashami-and-devoleena-to-give-bigg-boss-15-contestants-a-reality-check-7603005/|access-date=1 November 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[MTV Roadies (season 19)|MTV Roadies: Karm Ya Kaand]]''
| Himself
|Gang Leader
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/gautam-gulati-recalls-being-rejected-from-roadies-16-17-years-ago-and-now-i-am-a-gang-leader-exclusive-2360533-2023-04-15 | title=Gautam Gulati recalls being rejected from Roadies 16-17 years ago and 'now I am a gang leader' | Exclusive | date=15 April 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| 2024-25
| ''[[MTV Roadies (season 20)|MTV Roadie XX]]''
| Himself
|Gang Leader
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-newssports/mtv-roadies-20-gautam-gulati-makes-grand-entrance-last-250324 | title=MTV Roadies 20: Gautam Gulati makes a grand entrance at last}}</ref>
|}

===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''Darpok''
| Jogi
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="ibtimes.co.in">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=27 November 2014|title='Bigg Boss 8': Gautam Gulati Turns 27, Rare and Unseen Photos|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bigg-boss-8-gautam-gulati-turns-27-rare-unseen-photos-615344|access-date=1 November 2021|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sri Siddhartha Gautama (film)|Sri Siddhartha Gautama]]''
| [[Devadatta]]
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="ibtimes.co.in"/>
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Azhar (film)|Azhar]]''
| [[Ravi Shastri]]
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|date=27 April 2016|title=Gautam Gulati hopes for good films after 'Azhar'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gautam-gulati-hopes-for-good-films-after-azhar-2773145/|access-date=1 November 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Behen Hogi Teri]]''
| Rahul
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|date=4 December 2016|title=Gautam Gulati joins the star cast of Behen Hogi Teri|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gautam-gulati-behen-hogi-teri-4410279/|access-date=1 November 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Virgin Bhanupriya]]''
| Shartiya/Abhimanyu
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news|title='Virgin Bhanupriya' Trailer Video: Urvashi Rautela, Rumana Molla, Gautam Gulati starrer 'Virgin Bhanupriya' Official Trailer Video|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/virgin-bhanupriya-trailer-video-urvashi-rautela-rumana-molla-gautam-gulati-starrer-virgin-bhanupriya-official-trailer-video/videoshow/76987280.cms|access-date=1 November 2021|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Radhe (2021 film)|Radhe]]''
| Girgit
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|date=24 November 2019|title=Gautam Gulati on Salman Khan's Radhe: Can't thank God enough for this opportunity|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ex-bigg-boss-contestant-gautam-gulati-in-salman-khan-film-radhe-6134545/|access-date=1 November 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Ref.
|-
| 2018
| ''A Wicked Plan''
| Shivdas Rao
|
|-
| 2019
| ''Operation Cobra''
| Agent Karan Singh
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=15 February 2019|title=Operation Cobra: A riveting tale of a RAW agent|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-operation-cobra-a-riveting-tale-of-a-raw-agent-2720221|access-date=1 November 2021|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" id="filmography"
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Year
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Singer(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Album
!Label
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2015
| scope="row" | ''Teddy Bear''
| [[Kanika Kapoor]], [[Ikka Singh]]
| The Big Indian Wedding
| [[Zee Music Company]]
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 August 2015|title=Make Way For Gautam Gulati And Kanika Kapoor's New Music Video!|url=https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/archive/gautam-gulati-kanika-kapoor-music-video--article23554.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722124358/https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/archive/gautam-gulati-kanika-kapoor-music-video--article23554.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 July 2021|access-date=22 July 2021|website=Desimartini|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''Besharam Bewaffa''
| [[B Praak]]
| rowspan="4" | {{TableTBA|Non-album single}}
| rowspan="2" | [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| style="text-align: center;" |{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
|''Meri Tarah''
|[[Payal Dev]], [[Jubin Nautiyal]]
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meri Tarah: Gautam Gulati, Himansh Kohli And Heli Daruwala Come Together For Bhushan Kumar's T - Series Music Track|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/meri-tarah-gautam-gulati-himansh-kohli-and-heli-daruwala-come-together-for-bhushan-kumars-t-series-music-track-2702137|access-date=13 January 2022|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
|''Choti Choti Galtiyan''
|[[Papon (singer)|Papon]]
|DRJ Records
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Valentine's Month Special: Papon brings two love ballads for the month of love|url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-valentines-month-special-papon-brings-two-love-ballads-for-the-month-of-love-452395|access-date=14 February 2022|website=[[WION]]|date=11 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Jaana Hai Toh Jaa''
|[[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammed Irfan]]
|SK Music Works
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gautam Gulati and Nyra Banerjee's love story in singer Mohammed Irfan's latest single Jaana Hai Toh Jaa is to watch out for |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/television/jaana-hai-toh-jaa-gautam-gulati-and-nyra-banerjees-love-story-in-singer-mohammed-irfans-latest-single-is-to-watch-out-for |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
|-
| 2014
| [[Indian Telly Awards]]
| Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Comedy)
| ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''
| {{Nominated}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/13th-indian-telly-awards-vote-appeal-gautam-and-naveen-best-actor-supporting-role-comedy |title=13th Indian Telly Awards: Vote Appeal from Gautam and Naveen for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Comedy) category |date=6 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015
|Television Style Awards
| Most Stylish Actor in Reality Show
| rowspan="3" |''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 8)|Bigg Boss 8]]''
| {{won}}
|-
|[[Gold Awards]]
| Most Fit Male Actor
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| Most Stylish Male in Reality Series
| {{won}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Portal|India|Bollywood}}
* {{IMDb name|5013482}}
* {{Instagram|welcometogauthamcity}}

{{Bigg Boss}}
{{Bigg Boss 8}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gulati, Gautam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Male actors from Delhi]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) winners]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss Halla Bol winners]]

Rama Raya

2026-02-19T20:23:20Z

Samantahfp: Starting First Pg W/ Infobox

{{Short description|Regent of Vijayanagara from 1542 to 1565}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Rama Raya
| title = [[Raja]] Aliya{{sfn|Heras|1927|p=21}}
| succession = [[Regent]] of [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]]
| reign = 1542 – 23 January 1565
| reign-type = Regent
| successor = [[Tirumala Deva Raya]]
| birth_name = Rama Raya
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1565|01|23|1484|||df=y}}
| birth_date = 1484<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521254847.006 |chapter=Rama Raya (1484–1565): élite mobility in a Persianized world |title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761 |year=2005 |pages=78–104 |isbn=9780521254847 }}</ref>
| death_place = [[Talikota]]
| spouse = Tirumalamba
| house = [[Aravidu dynasty|Aravidu]]
| occupation = General, regent, statesman
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}

'''Rama Raya''' (1484 – 23 January 1565) was a statesman of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]], the son-in-law of Emperor [[Krishna Deva Raya]] and the progenitor of the [[Aravidu dynasty]] of [[Vijayanagara Empire]], the fourth and last dynasty of the empire. As a regent, he was the ''de facto'' ruler of the empire from 1542 to 1565, although legally the emperor during this period was [[Sadasiva Raya]], who was merely a puppet ruler.{{sfn|Eaton|2005|p=92}} Rama Raya was killed at the [[Battle of Talikota]], after which the Vijayanagara Empire got fragmented into several semi-independent principalities paying only nominal allegiance to the empire.

==Early life and career==
Rama Raya was born into a [[Telugu language|Telugu]] family. His mother, Abbaladevi, was the daughter of a chieftain in [[Nandyal|Nandyala]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qltOAAAAYAAJ|title=Sri Venkateswara University Oriental Journal|date=1971|pages=39|language=en}}</ref> The [[Aravidu dynasty|Aravidu family]], to which Rama Raya belonged, was native to South Andhra.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Talbot|first=Cynthia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C&pg=PA27|title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra|date=2001-09-20|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198031239|pages=27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HXYWAQAAMAAJ&q=ramaraya+of+vijayanagara+veershaiva|title=Census of India, 1991: Dakshina Kannada|date=1992|publisher=Government Suburban Press|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guha|first=Sumit|date=2009|title=The Frontiers of Memory: What the Marathas Remembered of Vijayanagara|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20488079|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=43|issue=1|pages=269–288|doi=10.1017/S0026749X07003307|issn=0026-749X|jstor=20488079|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rama Raya and his younger brother, [[Tirumala Deva Raya]], were sons-in-law of the great [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] emperor [[Krishnadevaraya|Krishna Deva Raya]]. In [[Kannada]] tradition, he is referred to as Aliya Rama Raya, where "Aliya" means "son-in-law" in the Kannada language.

Along with another brother, Venkatadri, the Aravidu brothers rose to prominence during Krishna Deva Raya's rule. Rama Raya distinguished himself as a successful army general, an able administrator, and a tactful diplomat, conducting many victorious campaigns under the emperor's leadership.

After Krishna Deva Raya's demise in 1529, his younger brother, Achyuta Deva Raya, ascended the throne. Rama Raya's influence grew significantly during this period, aided by his alliance with [[Pemmasani Erra Timmanayudu]] of the [[Pemmasani Nayaks]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Murthy|first=N. S. Ramachandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYDfAAAAMAAJ|title=Forts of Āndhra Pradesh: From the Earliest Times Upto 16th C. A.D.|date=1996-01-01|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|isbn=9788186050033|pages=202|language=en}}</ref> Following [[Achyuta Deva Raya]]'s death in 1542, the throne passed to his nephew, [[Sadasiva Raya]], who was then a minor. Rama Raya became the [[regent]] and effectively controlled the administration.

Although Sadasiva Raya eventually came of age, Rama Raya retained power by keeping him a virtual prisoner. During this time, Rama Raya became the de facto ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire. To consolidate his authority, he replaced many of the kingdom's loyal servants with officers loyal to him.

To strengthen the military, he appointed two Muslim commanders, the Gilani brothers, who had previously served Sultan Adil Shah. However, this decision proved to be a grave error, as their betrayal contributed to the empire's defeat in the decisive [[Battle of Talikota]].

Rama Raya lacked royal lineage, and to legitimize his rule, he claimed a vicarious connection with two powerful medieval Indian empires—the [[Western Chalukya Empire]] and the [[Chola empire]]. Despite his achievements, his tenure as regent left a mixed legacy for the Vijayanagara Empire.{{sfn|Eaton|2005|p=99}}
[[File:Stone_representation_of_Rama_Raya's_head.jpg|thumb|Stone representation of Rama Raya's head]]

==Sultanate affairs==
{{Main|Siege of Ahmednagar (1561–1562)|Siege of Ahmednagar (1558–1559)}}
During his rule, the Deccan Sultanates were constantly involved in internal fights and requested Rama Raya on more than one occasion to act as a mediator, enabling Rama Raya to push north of the Krishna river and expand his domains utilizing the disunity of the Deccan Sultans. Rama Raya had a lot of money at his disposal, which he generously spent, and often sought strategic alliances with the Deccan sultans, who he had intentionally kept divided.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Jackson|first=William J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QymrCwAAQBAJ|title=Vijayanagara Voices: Exploring South Indian History and Hindu Literature|date=2016-03-03|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-00193-5|pages=215–216|language=en}}</ref> He also suppressed revolts of the chieftains of [[Travancore]] and [[Chandragiri]]. Some scholars have criticised Rama Raya for interfering in the affairs of the Sultans too much, but scholars like [[P. B. Desai|Dr. P. B. Desai]] have defended his political affairs, saying that Rama Raya did whatever he could to increase the prestige and importance of the Vijayanagara empire, ensuring no single Sultanate would rise above the others in power, hence preventing a difficult situation for Vijayanagara. Rama Raya interfered in many Sultanate affairs upon the insistence of one Sultan or the other, just the way the Sultans had acted as parleys between Rama Raya and Achyuta Raya in earlier years. When the Nizam of Ahmednagar and Qutbshah of Golconda sought Rama Raya's help against Bijapur, Rama Raya secured the Raichur doab for his benefactors. Later in 1549 when the Adilshah of Bijapur and Baridshah of Bidar declared war on Nizamshah of Ahmednagar, Ramaraya fought on behalf of the Ahmednagar ruler and secured the fort of Kalyana. In 1557 Ramaraya allied himself with Ali Adilshah of Bijapur and Baridshah of Bidar when the Sultan of Bijapur invaded Ahmednagar. The combined armies of the three kingdoms defeated the partnership between Nizamshah of Ahmednagar and the Qutbshah of Golconda.

The Vijayanagar ruler's constantly changing sides to improve his own position eventually prompted the Sultanates to form an alliance. Intermarriage among Sultanate families helped resolve internal differences of the Muslim rulers. The Battle of Talikota resulted from this consolidation of Muslim power in the northern Deccan, who had felt insulted by Ramaraya and formed a 'general league of the faithful.'<ref name=":0" />

==Battle of Talikota==
{{Main|Battle of Talikota}}

[[File:Battle of Talikota (detail).jpg|thumb|[[Husain Shah]] (riding a horse) orders the decapitation of Ramaraya (reigned 1542-65), the defeated ruler of Vijayanagara, in the [[Battle of Talikota]]. ''[[Ta'rif-i Husain Shahi]]'' (Chronicle of Husain Shah), 16th century.]]
Rama Raya remained loyal to the legitimate dynasty until it was finally extinguished by war, with the notable exception of imprisoning the appointed ruler Sadasiva Raya and ruling in his stead. In 1565, it was Rama Raya, as the pre-eminent general of the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] army, who led the defense against the invading army of Deccan Sultans (i.e. Husain Nizam Shah, Ali Adil Shah and Ibrahim Qutb Shah) in the battle of [[Talikota]].

Rama Raya was eventually beheaded either by Sultan Nizam Hussain himself or by someone else acting on his behest despite Adil Shah, who had friendly relations with Raya, intending against.<ref name=":5">{{cite book |title=Courtly Encounters |year=2012 |isbn=9780674067363 |pages=34–102 |chapter=1 Courtly Insults |doi=10.4159/harvard.9780674067363.c2}}</ref> The city of [[Vijayanagara]] was sacked by the invaders and the inhabitants were massacred. The imperial family was largely exterminated.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book |last1=Heras |first1=Henry |year = 1927 | title=The Aravidu Dynasty Of Vijayanagar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.77307/mode/2up}}
* Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat, Concise History of Karnataka, 2001, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002)
* {{cite book | last=Eaton | first=Richard M. | title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | publication-place=Cambridge (Grande Bretagne) New York | date=2005-11-17 | isbn=978-0-521-25484-7}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Vijayanagar empire]]|before=[[Achyuta Raya]]|after=[[Tirumala Deva Raya]] |years=1542–1565}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raya, Aliya Rama}}
[[Category:1565 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:16th-century regents]]
[[Category:Vijayanagara emperors]]
[[Category:Aravidu dynasty]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Executed monarchs]]

Indian Congress (Socialist)

2026-02-18T16:13:36Z

Samantahfp:

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}

{{Infobox Indian Political Party
| party_name = Indian Congress (Socialist)
| party_logo =
| colorcode = {{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}
| founder = [[Sharad Pawar]] [[Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi]] [[A.K. Antony]] [[Sarat Chandra Sinha]]
| leader = [[Sharad Pawar]]
| secretary =
| loksabha_leader =
| rajyasabha_leader =
| foundation = 1978
| dissolution = 1986
| merged =
| split = [[Indian National Congress]]
| eci =
| alliance =

| position =
| loksabha_seats =
| rajyasabha_seats =
| youth = [[Indian Youth Congress (Socialist)]]
| ideology =
|colours = [[Green]] {{Colorsample|{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}}}
| headquarters =
| publication =
| symbol =
| website =
|abbreviation=IC(S)}}

'''Indian Congress (Socialist)''' (IC(S)) also known as '''Congress (Secular)''' was a [[List of political parties in India|political party]] in India between 1978 and 1986.

The party was formed through a split in the [[Indian National Congress]]. Initially the party was known as the [[Indian National Congress (Urs)]] and was led by [[D. Devaraj Urs|D. Devraj Urs]].

It broke away from the parent party in 1978 following [[Indira Gandhi]]'s drubbing in the [[1977 Indian general election|1977 General Elections]]. Urs took with him many legislators from [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Goa]], including future Union Ministers and [[Chief Minister (India)|Chief Ministers]] [[A. K. Antony|A.K. Antony]], [[Sharad Pawar]], [[Devakanta Barua|Dev Kant Baruah]], [[Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi|Priyaranjan Das Munshi]], [[Sarat Chandra Sinha]], [[K.P. Unnikrishnan|K. P. Unnikrishnan]] and [[Mohammad Yunus Saleem]].

When [[Sharad Pawar]] took over the party presidency in October 1981, the name of the party was changed to '''Indian Congress (Socialist)'''.<ref>Andersen, Walter K.. ''India in 1981: Stronger Political Authority and Social Tension'', published in Asian Survey, Vol. 22, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1981: Part II (February 1982), pp. 119–135</ref>

Pawar became the youngest chief minister of Maharashtra by toppling the [[Vasantdada Patil]]-led Congress government in 1978. He led a group of 40 MLAs to split from the parent party and formed the government with [[Janata Party]]'s support.

In 1980, after [[Indira Gandhi]] swept the [[Lok Sabha]] polls, Pawar's state government was dismissed. In the [[Maharashtra]] [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|elections in 1980]], his party could only win 47 seats, with [[Indian National Congress (Indira)]] winning 186.<ref name="pdf">{{cite web |title=Maharashtra Assembly Election Results in 1980 |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/1980-election-results.html |access-date=4 October 2025 |website=elections.in}}</ref>

Again in 1985, Pawar's party the Indian National Congress (Socialist) won only 54 seats and he became the [[Leader of Opposition]] in [[Maharashtra]]. With the split and the decline of the [[Janata Party]] nationally, Pawar soon realised that he can't get back to power in Maharashtra on his own. Pawar merged his party back into the Congress in 1986.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Sharad Pawar is a politician obsessed with staying in power |url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/sharad-pawar-ncp-narendra-modi-bjp-congress-sonia-gandhi-shiv-sena-maharashtra/story/1/7998.html |access-date=23 July 2018 |work=dailyo.in }}</ref>

One section led by Sarat Chandra Sinha broke away from IC(S) in 1984 and formed a separate party known as [[Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha]]. This faction merged with Sharad Pawar's [[Nationalist Congress Party]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jun11/spotlite.htm | title = Spotlight: Merger with NCP | publisher = Tribune India | date = 1999-06-11 | access-date = 2009-05-19}}</ref>

However, in Kerala, the residual faction of Indian Congress (Socialist), [[Congress (Secular)]] led by [[Kadannappalli Ramachandran]] still exists and is a part of the [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]]. In 2007, [[Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)|Democratic Indira Congress]] (Left) merged with this party.

== See also ==

*[[Indian National Congress breakaway parties]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:1978 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1986 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Defunct socialist parties in India]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress breakaway groups]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1986]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1978]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress (Socialist)]]

My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves (song)

2026-01-19T18:11:07Z

Samantahfp: updated details

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox song|
| name = My name Is Anthony Gonsalves
| cover =
| alt =
| caption = The song was picturized on [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
| type =
| artist = [[Kishore Kumar]] and [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
| album = [[Amar Akbar Anthony]]
| EP =
| written =
| published =
| released = 1977
| format =
| recorded = [[Mumbai]], 1977
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = [[Film score]]
| length =
| label =
| writer = [[Anand Bakshi]]
| composer = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| lyricist =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| title =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
'''"My Name is Anthony Gonsalves"''' is a song from the 1977 Hindi film ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony]]''. One unusual feature of this song is that the actor featured in its picturization, [[Amitabh Bachchan]], provides vocals along with [[Kishore Kumar]]. Amitabh speaks and Kumar sings. It is shown in a sequence which in a reception, Anthony (Bachchan) sings and performs to be close to Jenny ([[Parveen Babi]]), for which her bodyguard keeps him away from her.<ref>[https://dcubed.blogspot.com/2005/01/hey-my-heart-show-me.html Hey My Heart, Show Me]</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/asiannetwork/presenters/top40_soundtracks_no36.shtml BBC Asian Network Top 40 Soundtracks of All Time #36] - link dead 27 May 2007 ({{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050313062209/http://www.bbc.co.uk/asiannetwork/presenters/top40_soundtracks_no36.shtml |date=13 March 2005 }})</ref>

The song was composed by duo [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]. The character [[Anthony Gonsalves]] is named after [[Anthony Gonsalves]], a music teacher of [[Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma]] who was one of the most famous music arrangers in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] in the 1930s. He had among his students the likes of [[RD Burman]] apart from Pyarelal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=6675 |title=The 'Real' Anthony Gonsalves! |access-date=26 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223001912/http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=6675 |archive-date=23 December 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

[[Special effects]] are used for comic purposes in the picturisation of this song.

The opening line, "You are a sophisticated rhetorician intoxicated by the exuberance of your own verbosity", that is spoken by Anthony when he emerges from the Easter egg, is an almost exact quotation from a speech in the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] given by British Prime Minister [[Benjamin Disraeli]] in 1878. Disraeli (who was referring to [[William Ewart Gladstone]]) used the word "[[inebriated]]" rather than "[[Substance intoxication|intoxicated]]".<ref>[http://www.westernciv.com/syllabi/notes/Gladstone-Disraeli--Instit.pdf Institute for the Study of Western Civilization: The Long Century - Eminent victorians]</ref> Anthony Gonsalves was also the name of the arranger for the famous music director [[Salil Chaudhary]].<ref name="Milon">{{cite web |title=Interview with Milon Gupta (Bengali with English sub titles) - You tube |date=24 November 2013 |publisher=Posted by RamanaRaaga |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyDdsQZ2Vwg}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Parda Hai Parda (song)|Parda Hai Parda]]
* ''[[My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves (film)|My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves]]'' (2007 film)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1977 songs]]
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Kishore Kumar songs]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Anand Bakshi]]
[[Category:Amitabh Bachchan songs]]

Charles Robert Mortimer Green

2025-12-29T03:23:15Z

Samantahfp: cleanup

{{Short description|English surgeon (1863–1950)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:Charles Robert Mortimer Green.jpg|thumb|c. 1907]]
'''Charles Robert Mortimer Green''' (21 May 1863{{ndash}}10 April 1950) was a surgeon in the [[Indian Medical Service]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/lives/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ASSET$002f0$002f338791/one?qu=%22rcs%3A+E004284%22&rt=false%7C%7C%7CIDENTIFIER%7C%7C%7CResource+Identifier|title=Green, Charles Robert Mortimer (1863 - 1950)|website=livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk|access-date=2018-12-20}}</ref> He wrote a book on the ''Management of Children in India'' (1913).

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.39354 Management Of Children In India (1913)]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Green, Charles}}
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:English surgeons]]
[[Category:Indian Medical Service officers]]
{{England-med-bio-stub}}

Trimeresurus mayaae

2025-12-16T04:01:35Z

Samantahfp: created initial post w/ sources

{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Trimeresurus mayaae imported from iNaturalist photo 265006243 on 30 March 2024.jpg
| image_caption = Male from [[Buxa Tiger Reserve]], [[West Bengal]], India
| taxon = Trimeresurus mayaae
| authority = Rathee, Purkayastha, Lalremsanga, Dalal, Biakzuala, Muansanga & Mirza, 2022
}}

'''''Trimeresurus mayaae''''' also commonly known as '''Maya's pit viper''' is a [[species]] of [[Venomous snake|venomous]] [[pit viper]] endemic to [[Northeast India|north-eastern]] [[India]].<ref name="inaturalist-Trimeresurus mayaae">{{cite web |title=Trimeresurus mayaae |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1403060-Trimeresurus-mayaae |website=iNaturalist |access-date=2024-03-29 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Rathee-2022">{{Cite journal |date=2022-05-20 |title=A new cryptic species of green pit viper of the genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Serpentes, Viperidae) from northeast India |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=17 |issue=5 |article-number=e0268402 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0268402 |issn=1932-6203 |doi-access=free|pmc=9122190 |last1=Rathee |first1=Yashpal Singh |last2=Purkayastha |first2=Jayaditya |last3=Lalremsanga |first3=Hmar Tlawmte |last4=Dalal |first4=Siddharth |last5=Biakzuala |first5=Lal |last6=Muansanga |first6=Lal |last7=Mirza |first7=Zeeshan A. |pmid=35594256 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1768402R }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Rahul |date=2022-05-21 |title=New species of venomous snake registered from Northeast |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/new-species-of-venomous-snake-registered-from-northeast/article65442320.ece |access-date=2024-03-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="Meghalayan-2022">{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=The Meghalayan |date=2022-05-21 |title=New pit viper species found in Meghalaya; named after Army officer's mother |url=https://themeghalayan.com/new-pit-viper-species-found-in-meghalaya-named-after-army-officers-mother/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The Meghalayan |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Description==
Males have a deep green dorsum, and fluorescent green ventrum with black interstitial skin. The head is dark green with cyan borders on scales, eyes are rust colored and red-white stripes on the body. Female individuals are similar but with yellowish-green ventrum and green eyes. Both sexes exhibit rusty red tails.<ref name="Rathee-2022" />

[[File:Trimeresurus mayaae.png|thumb|left|Male from [[Mizoram]], India.]]

==Range==
''Trimeresurus mayaae'' occurs throughout the [[Shillong Plateau]] and the adjoining [[Jaintia Hills|Jaintia hills]], [[Barail Range|Barail]] and [[Mizo Hills|Mizo hills]].<ref name="Rathee-2022" /> It has also been found in [[Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Elangbam |first1=Premjit Singh |last2=Biakzuala |first2=Lal |last3=Shinde |first3=Parag |last4=Decemson |first4=Ht |last5=Vabeiryureilai |first5=Mathipi |last6=Lalremsanga |first6=Hmar Tlawmte |date=2023-06-26 |title=Addition of four new records of pit vipers (Squamata: Crotalinae) to Manipur, India |url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/8486 |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |language=en |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=23315–23326 |doi=10.11609/jott.8486.15.6.23315-23326 |issn=0974-7907|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Habitat and ecology==
Specimens were found during early hours of night in a forested patch next to a stream within Military Cantonment area. An individual was spotted on the ground, crossing a track. In captivity, the specimens fed on the ''[[Rhacophorus bipunctatus]]'', ''[[Leptobrachium]]'' sp. and [[Minervarya]] sp.

All known records of the species are from elevations greater tha 900m and hence, the low land areas may potentially act as a biogeographic barrier for the new species. The distributed areas are isolated from other members of ''Viridovipera'' (Subgenus of ''Trimeresurus''), by low elevation human dominated landscape, The [[Brahmaputra River]] to its north and the [[Indo-Burma|Indo-Burma hills]] along the international borders of the two countries (India and [[Myanmar]]).<ref name="Rathee-2022" />

==Etymology==
The specific epithet ''mayaae'' is derived from the name of one of the species discoverer's late mother, Maya Singh Rathee.<ref name="Rathee-2022" /><ref name="Meghalayan-2022" />

==Taxonomy==
''Trimeresurus mayaae'' is likely a member of the [[subgenus]] ''Viridovipera'' as suggested by molecular data. Molecular data also suggests that the species is sister to ''[[Trimeresurus medoensis|T. medoensis]]''.<ref name="Rathee-2022" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q114157458}}

[[Category:Trimeresurus|mayaae]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2022]]

Vidyut-class missile boat

2025-12-10T21:41:58Z

Samantahfp: quick update

{{Short description|Indian variant of the Soviet Osa-class missile boat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=
|image_caption=
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview
|name= ''Vidyut'' class
|builders=
|operators= {{navy|India}}
|class_before=
|class_after= {{sclass|Chamak|missile boat|4}}
|subclasses=
|built_range=
|in_commission_range=
|total_ships_building=
|total_ships_planned= 8
|total_ships_completed= 8
|total_ships_canceled=
|total_ships_active=
|total_ships_laid_up=
|total_ships_lost=
|total_ships_retired= 8
|total_ships_preserved=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|type= [[Fast attack craft]]
|displacement= 245 tons (full load)<ref name=in-chamak>{{cite web|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/missile_chamak.htm |title=Indian Naval Ships-Missile Boat - Chamak Class |publisher=Indiannavy.nic.in |access-date=2012-04-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223133429/http://indiannavy.nic.in/missile_chamak.htm |archive-date=23 February 2012 }}</ref>
|length= {{convert|38.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|beam= {{convert|7.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|draught=
|propulsion=
|speed= {{convert|37|kn|km/h}}+
|range=
|complement= 30
|sensors=
|armament=*4 × [[SS-N-2]]A Styx anti-ship missile
*2 × [[AK-230]] 30mm guns
|armour=
|aircraft=
|aircraft_facilities=
|notes=
}}
}}

The '''''Vidyut''-class missile boats''' ([[Sanskrit]]; [[Devanagari]]: विद्युत्, ''lightning'') of the [[Indian Navy]] were an [[India]]n variant of the [[Soviet Navy|Soviet]] [[Osa-class missile boat|Osa I class]].<ref name=gs-vidyut>{{cite web|first=John |last=Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/viyut.htm |title=K83 Vidyut (Sov Osa-I) / K90 Viyut (Sov Osa-II) |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |date=9 July 2011 |access-date=22 May 2015}}</ref><ref name=br-osa-I>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Past/88-Osa-I-Class.html |title=NAVY - Osa I Class |publisher=Bharat-Rakshak.com |date=1971-10-28 |access-date=2012-04-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807090852/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Past/88-Osa-I-Class.html |archive-date=7 August 2011 }}</ref>

These vessels formed the 25th "Killer" Missile Boat Squadron, which sunk 2 [[destroyer]]s, a [[minesweeper]] and various other vessels of the [[Pakistan Navy]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]].

== Acquisition ==
In 1964, the [[Soviet Union]] offered the Osa-class missile boats to a visiting Indian delegation. However, the Indian Navy showed no interest in the smaller boats at the time.

Until 1965, the primary acquisitions of the Indian Navy had been from [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. After the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], the British declined to transfer modern equipment to India. So, India turned to the Soviet Union for its military acquisitions.<ref name=in-transition-chap7>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/t2t2e/Trans2Trimph/chapters/7_events%20prior%20to%201971%20war-1.htm |title=Chapter-7 |publisher=Indiannavy.nic.in |access-date=2012-04-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224022327/http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/t2t2e/Trans2Trimph/chapters/7_events%20prior%20to%201971%20war-1.htm |archive-date=24 February 2012}}</ref>

In 1967, during the [[Six-Day War]], an [[Egypt]]ian missile boat attacked and sank the [[Israel]]i frigate, [[INS Eilat (1955)|''Eilat'']], from a range well beyond the frigate's guns.<ref name=gs-vidyut />

In 1968, a Pakistani delegation to the Soviet Union was also offered the missile boats and transfer of associated infrastructure. However, the Pakistan Navy wanted larger vessels and turned down the offer.<ref name=in-transition-chap7 />

In 1969, after examining the performance of the Egyptian boats during the Six Day War, India finalized agreements for the acquisition of the Osa-I-class missile boats from the Soviet Union. The vessels were commissioned into the Indian Navy starting in 1971, a few months before the start of the war with Pakistan.

== Operations ==
During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], the 25th Missile Boat Squadron, consisting of vessels from the ''Vidyut'' class, played a crucial role in the Indian attacks on [[Karachi]] in December 1971. The two key operations in which these vessels played an active role, were [[Operation Trident (Indo-Pakistani War of 1971)|Operation Trident]] and [[Operation Python]]. Indian attacks destroyed half of the [[Pakistani Navy]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Ali |first=Tariq |author-link=Tariq Ali |year=1983 |title=Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State |publisher=Penguin Books |page=95 |isbn=0-14-02-2401-7 |quote=In a two-week war, Pakistan lost half its navy.}}</ref> and most of Pakistan's naval fuel reserves in the port's fuel storage tanks, which cleared the way for the decisive victory of the [[Indian Armed Forces]].<ref name=globalsecurity1>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/viyut.htm|title=K83 Vidyut (Sov Osa-I) / K90 Viyut (Sov Osa-II)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=S.M.Nanda |title=The Man Who Bombed Karachi |publisher=HarperCollins India |year=2004 }}</ref>

Commander B.B. Yadav, who commanded Operation Trident was awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]].<ref name=in-awards>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/t2t2e/Trans2Trimph/chapters/42_awards1.htm |title=Chapter-42 |publisher=Indiannavy.nic.in |access-date=2012-04-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224022341/http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/t2t2e/Trans2Trimph/chapters/42_awards1.htm |archive-date=24 February 2012 }}</ref> Lieutenant Commander B.N. Kavina, Petty Officer M.O. Thomachan, Petty Officer R.N. Sharma and L.K. Chakravarty and Lieutenant Commander Inderjit Sharma received the [[Vir Chakra]] for their roles in Operation Trident. Lieutenant Commander Vijai Jerath, was awarded the Vir Chakra for Operation Python.

== Ships of the class ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Pennant
!Commissioned
!Decommissioned
!Notes
|-
| {{INS|Veer|K82|2}} || K82 || 2 April 1971 || 31 December 1982 ||
|-
| {{INS|Vidyut|K83|2}} || K83 || 16 February 1971 || 31 March 1991 ||
|-
| {{INS|Vijeta|K84|2}} || K84 || 27 March 1971 || 30 June 1992 ||
|-
| {{INS|Vinash|K85|2}} || K85 || 20 January 1971 || 15 January 1990 ||
|-
| {{INS|Nipat|K86|2}} || K86 || 26 April 1971 || 29 February 1988 ||
|-
| {{INS|Nashak|K87|2}} || K87 || 19 March 1971 || 31 December 1990 ||
|-
| {{INS|Nirbhik|K88|2}} || K88 || 20 February 1971 || 31 December 1986 ||
|-
| {{INS|Nirghat|K89|2}} || K89 || 29 January 1971 || 31 July 1989 ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Vidyut-class missile boat}}
{{Ship classes of the Indian Navy}}

[[Category:Vidyut-class missile boats| ]]
[[Category:India–Soviet Union relations]]

Satyanarayana Dasa

2025-12-02T20:37:16Z

Samantahfp: created basic stub more to come

{{Short description|Indian Gaudiya Vaisnava scholar and practitioner (born 1954)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Dr. Satyanarayana dasa
| image = Babaji after seminar with garland.jpg
| image_upright = yes
| alt = Babaji
| native_name =
| religion = [[Vaishnavism]]
| philosophy = [[Achintya Bheda Abheda]]
| sect = [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]
| lineage = Gadadhara parivara
| temple = Gaur-Gadadhara temple
| other_name = Satyanarayana Dasa Babaji
| nationality = Indian
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1954|06|09|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Faridabad]], [[Haryana]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| location = [[Vrindavan]], India
| title = Babaji
| period =
| consecration =
| predecessor = [[Haridas Shastri]]
| reason =
| rank =
| teacher = [[Haridas Shastri]]
| reincarnation_of =
| students =
| works = [[Sat Sandarbhas]], [[Bhagavad Gita]]
| ordination =
| initiation =
| previous_post =
| present_post =
| post = Director of Jiva Institute
| website = [http://jiva.org/ Official Website of Jiva Institute]
| background = #FFC569
}}

'''Dr. Satyanarayana Dasa''' (born 9 June 1954<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jiva Institute of Vedic Studies |url=https://learning.jiva.org/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=learning.jiva.org}}</ref>) is an Indian [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism|Gaudiya Vaisnava]] scholar and practitioner. Dasa is a [[polymath]], holding a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in [[Sanskrit]] from [[Agra University]], a degree in Indian law from Agra University, a [[Bachelor of Technology|Bachelors of Technology]] in [[Mechanical engineering]] from the [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology]] and a [[Master of Technology|Masters of Technology]] in [[Industrial engineering|Industrial Engineering]] from the Indian Institute of Technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vrajainstitute.org/faculty.html|title=Faculty - Vraja Institute|website=vrajainstitute.org|access-date=2017-09-30}}</ref> Currently based in [[India]] at the Jiva Institute, which he founded, Dasa has published numerous books and original papers in the field of [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism|Gaudiya Vaisnavism]] including translations and commentaries on the [[Sat Sandarbhas]]. His honors include an award from the [[President of India]] in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chakra.org/2012articles/2012-12-01.html|title=President of India Honors Babaji Satyanarayan Dasa|website=www.chakra.org|access-date=2017-09-30}}</ref> Dasa has been called a leading living practitioner-scholar of Jīva Gosvāmin.<ref name =':4'>{{cite journal|last1=Edelmann|first1=Jonathan|title=Book Review of Jīva Gosvāmin. Śrī Bhagavat Sandarbha: God—His Qualities, Abode and Associates. Sanskrit Text with English Translation and Jīva-toṣaṇī Commentary. Translated and edited by Satyanarayana Dasa. Vrindavan, India: Jiva Institute of Vaishnava Studies.|journal=Journal of Dharma and Hindu Studies|date=2014|volume=1|issue=1|pages=77–81}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Satyanarayana Dasa grew up in a village named Palla near [[Faridabad|Faridabad, Haryana]] in India.<ref name =':5'>{{cite book |last1=Jaitly |first1=V.K. |title=100 Great IITians |date=February 2024 |publisher=Excel India Publishers |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-93-91355-94-4}}</ref> His primary education happened in the village school, and secondary education in the Government school of Malviya Nagar, Delhi. During his IIT years, he was also an avid sportsman who represented IIT Delhi in hockey and weightlifting.<ref name =':5'/> After working for a few years for a company in [[Miami]], he returned to India to study Sanskrit. It is in [[Vrindavan]], while still a member of [[ISKCON]] (he was previously an initiated disciple of ISKCON guru [[Bhaktisvarupa Damodar Swami]]), that he met [[Haridas Shastri|Shri Haridas Sastri Maharaja]], one of the eminent scholars and saints of India. From him he studied the entire range of Gaudiya Vaisnava literature. He also learned the six systems of [[Indian philosophy]] under Swami Shyama Sharana Maharaja and various other traditional [[guru]]s with a special focus on [[Nyaya]] (Indian logic).
In 1994, while translating and commenting on Jiva Gosvami's Sad Sandarbhas,<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Hare Krishna Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant|pages=262}}</ref> a philosophical controversy arose about the falldown of the [[jiva]] from [[Vaikuntha]], which culminated in the publication of Satyanarayana's book, "In Vaikuntha not even the Leaves Fall",<ref>{{Cite book|title=In Vaikuntha not even the Leaves Fall|publisher=Jiva Institute|year=1994|location=New Delhi}}</ref> co-authored with Kundali Das.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Hare Krishna Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant|last1=Bryant|first1=Edwin|last2=Ekstrand|first2=Maria|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2004|isbn=9780231122566|pages=233}}</ref> When ISKCON authorities refused to accept his presentation of traditional Vaisnava teaching regarding the origin and nature of the soul, he officially separated himself from that organization and took diksa (formal initiation) and babaji vesa (Vaishnava sannyas) in the traditional Gaudiya Vaishnava line of Sri [[Gadadhara Pandita]], the Gadadhara parivara, from his guru Sri Haridas Sastri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.vrindavantoday.org/tag/sri-haridas-niwas/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414124533/http://news.vrindavantoday.org/tag/sri-haridas-niwas/|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 April 2015|title=Sri Haridas Niwas Archives - Vrindavan Today|website=Vrindavan Today|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-23}}</ref>

Dr. Dasa has been bestowed with the "Grateful to Gurus 2023" award by Indica, an institute for Indian knowledge systems<ref>{{cite web |title=Grateful To Gurus 2023 Awardees |url=https://indica.in/grateful-to-gurus-2023-awardees/ |date=July 3, 2023 |access-date=25 April 2024}}</ref> and has been called a living legend of Gaudiya Vaishnavism.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shri Satyanarayana Dasa Babaji: A Living Legend in Gaudiya Vaishnavism |date=31 July 2023 |url=https://vrindavantoday.in/6821-2/ |access-date=April 24, 2024}}</ref>

== Publications ==
Dr. Dasa's research is in the [[philosophy]] and [[theology]] of the Caitanya School of Vaisnavism. He has published more than 20 books including original translations and commentaries of the [[Sat Sandarbhas|Sat-sandarbhas]] by [[Jiva Goswami]]. He has contributed to different research journals with other academics. He teaches Indian scripture to scholars.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Edelmann|first=Jonathan|date=June 2013|title=Hindu Theology as Churning the Latent|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion|volume=81|issue=2 |pages=427–466|doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfs132 }}</ref>

His doctoral research focused on [[Jiva Goswami]]’s Bhakti Sandarbha.

=== Academic reception ===

In a book review of Dasa's translation of the Bhagavat Sandarbha, Aleksandar Uskokov from the [[University of Chicago]] called it "the first serious translation of the second Sandarbha, Bhagavat, in any European language".<ref name=":3">{{cite journal |last1= Uskokov |first1= Aleksandar|date= 2017|title= Śrī Bhagavat Sandarbha: God—His Qualities, Abode and Associates. Sanskrit Text [by Śrīla Jīva Gosvāmī], with English Translation and Jīva-toṣaṇī Commentary [by Satyanarayana Dasa]|journal= International Journal of Hindu Studies |volume= 21|pages= 119–120}}</ref> Uskokov suggests that Dasa "clearly knows Jiva's works in and out and is at home with this high point of Sanskrit learning in the sixteenth century and the traditions from which Jiva draws ideas, such as Vedic hermeneutics, Sanskrit grammar, Indian epistemology and poetics, and so on". Overall, Uskokov considers the book "an important event in our attempts to understand [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]", and that the translation is "precise and reliable, the arguments accurately understood, and the comments well informed by their intellectual background".<ref name=:3/>

Jonathan Edelmann at the [[University of Florida]] calls the translation "readable and generally accurate and true to the original text". Noting that the "translator’s commentary brings to the discussion a breadth of learning from Nyāya, Mīmāṃsā, Pāṇini, Advaita-Vedānta, as well as other Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava thinkers such as Viśvanātha Cakravartin, Rūpa Gosvāmin, etc.", he concludes that the book "offers a wealth of theological content and insight".

[[Edwin Bryant (author)|Edwin Bryant]] at [[Rutgers University]] commented that Dasa's Bhagavat Sandarbha "combines superb Sanskrit and hermeneutical skills rendered in accordance with academic standards of scholarship".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bryant|first1=Edwin|title=Thoughts and Reflections|url=http://sandarbhas.jiva.org/|website=The Sat Sandarbhas|publisher=Jiva Institute|access-date= 8 November 2017}}</ref>

== Educational activities ==
Dr. Dasa has lectured or taught at various universities, such as Universite Terre de Ciel, France, [[Heidelberg University]] and [[University of Tübingen]], [[Germany]], [[University of Zurich|Zürich University]], Switzerland, [[Mississippi State University]], [[Rutgers University|State University of New Jersey, Rutgers]], and [[University of Florida]], [[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville, USA]]. Currently he is a visiting Faculty at Rutgers and an Adjunct Faculty member at the [[International Vedic Hindu University|Hindu University of America]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindu-university.com/doc/HUA_List_of_Courses_available.pdf|title=Hindu University of America - Course Descriptions for Courses Offered for 2016 Semesters|website=hindu-university.com|access-date=26 October 2017|archive-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120010322/http://hindu-university.com/doc/HUA_List_of_Courses_available.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He regularly teaches scholars from different universities on personal request. He travels to different countries and delivers lectures on Indian scriptures (Kripalu Yoga Center,<ref name=":2" /> Yoga Vida, Iyengar, NY).

Dr. Dasa has developed a new subject, Jiva Vedic Psychology, based on his studies and experience of Indian scriptures. He is currently training psychotherapists of Sandy Pines hospital, Florida and Fort Lauderdale Hospital in new techniques of treating patients through Vedic Psychology. He also lectures to different audiences in various countries such as US,<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://kripalu.org/presenters-programs/presenters/satya-narayana-dasa|title=Satya Narayana Dasa|work=Kripalu|access-date=2017-10-23}}</ref> Poland, Lithuania, France,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.association-a-ciel-ouvert.org/intervenants.aspx?intervenant=293|title=Intervenants|last=Sources|website=www.association-a-ciel-ouvert.org|access-date=2017-10-23|archive-date=27 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027030404/http://www.association-a-ciel-ouvert.org/intervenants.aspx?intervenant=293|url-status=dead}}</ref> Japan.

=== Jiva Institute ===
Under the guidance of [[Haridas Shastri|Haridas Shastri Maharaj]] and with the assistance of his brothers Rishi and Dr. Partap Chauhan, Satyanarayana Dasa founded the Jiva Institute in 1992. The Jiva Institute has three divisions: education, health and culture. Satyanarayana Dasa is the director of the cultural division, located at Sheetal Chaya in [[Vrindavan]], India. Students from India and abroad come there to study Sanskrit, and the six systems of Indian thought, called Sad-darshana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hinduismtoday.com/blogs-news/hindu-press-international/rutgers-university-takes-students-to-vrindaban/11826.html|title=Hinduism Today Magazine|last=Academy|first=Himalayan|website=www.hinduismtoday.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-23}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.jiva.org/bhakti-tirtha-a-review-of-the-first-semester/|title=Bhakti-tirtha – A Review of the First Semester {{!}} Jiva Institute of Vaishnava Studies|website=www.jiva.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-23}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://news.vrindavantoday.org/2016/08/international-ayurveda-retreat-jiva-institute-august/|title=International Ayurveda Retreat at Jiva Institute in August - Vrindavan Today|date=2016-08-01|work=Vrindavan Today|access-date=2017-10-23|language=en-US|archive-date=27 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027125653/http://news.vrindavantoday.org/2016/08/international-ayurveda-retreat-jiva-institute-august/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Specialization in the study of Gaudiya Vaishnava literature is the unique feature of Jiva Institute. Scholars come to consult with Satyanarayana Dasa<ref name=":1" /> and to access books in the library, which has a collection of printed as well as rare handwritten manuscripts. The other two divisions of education and Ayurveda are located at Faridabad. The education division runs a high school and has about 1800 students. The Ayurveda division has 70 clinics all over India and three tele-medicine centers that receive about 6000 calls per day and offers free consultation to patients.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatogether.org/stories/jiva.htm|title=India Together: The Jiva Institute seeks education reform - May 2001|website=indiatogether.org|access-date=2017-09-30}}</ref>

In 2016, Dasa started a five-year course in Indian schools of philosophy running each year from Oct. to end of April at the Jiva Institute, co-taught by Dr. Jan Brzezinski, and visiting professors, such as Prof. Matthew Dasti, [[Edwin Bryant (author)|Prof. Edwin Bryant]] and Prof. Jack Hawley, Koenraad Elst, and Dr. Mans Broo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.vrindavantoday.org/2016/01/bhakti-tirtha-course-being-offered-at-jiva-institute/|title=Bhakti-tirtha Course being offered at Jiva Institute - Vrindavan Today|date=2016-01-11|work=Vrindavan Today|access-date=2017-09-30|language=en-US|archive-date=27 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027030218/http://news.vrindavantoday.org/2016/01/bhakti-tirtha-course-being-offered-at-jiva-institute/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

Jiva Institute runs a Sanskrit school that is affiliated with Sampoornananda Sanskrit University Benares.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icbse.com/colleges/shri-chaitanya-shiksha-sansthan-shital-chaya-raman-reti-vr/14075/2|title=Shri Chaitanya Shiksha Sansthan, Shital Chaya Raman Reti, Vrindavan Mathura - Uttar Pradesh|website=iCBSE|language=en|access-date=2017-10-23}}</ref> There is also a branch of the school at [[Radha Kund|Radhakunda]].
{{Hindu philosophy}}

== Bibliography ==

=== Books ===

* Tattva-sandarbha: first of the six Sandarbhas written by Jiva Gosvami. New Delhi, Jiva Institute for Vaisnava Studies, 1995, 424 p.
* Bhakti-Sandarbha: three volumes; New Delhi: Jiva Institute, 2005.
* Bhagavat Mahatmya, from Padma Purana: translation and commentary, New Delhi, Jiva Institute, 2002.
* In Vaikuntha not even the Leaves Fall; New Delhi: Jiva Institute, 1994, 305 p.
* Hitopadesa of Narayana Pandita: New Delhi, Jiva Institute, 1997.
* The Yoga of Dejection: New Delhi: Jiva Institute, 2000
* Nama-Tattva, New Delhi, Jiva Institute, 2001.
* Message to Disciples; New Delhi: Jiva Institute, 2001
* The Yoga of Eating; New Delhi: Jiva Institute, 2007
* Spiritual Health; New Delhi: Jiva Institute, 2007.
* Sri Guru Smaranam, Vrindavan 2014
* Bhagavat Sandarbha: God, His Qualities, Abode and Associates, Althusried; Germany, 2015
* Bhagavad Gita - Sara-samanvita: Sanskrit Text with English translation and summary; Althusried, Germany, 2015
* Sri Guru Darsanam, Vrindavan, 2015
* Tattva Sandarbha: Vaisnava Epistemology and Ontology, Althusried, Germany, 2015
* Paramatma Sandarbha: The Living Being, Its Bondage and The Immanent Absolute; Althusried, Germany, 2016
* Sadhana Guide, Vrindavan, 2016
* Kṛṣṇa Sandarbha. Germany: Jiva Institute, 2018
* Prīti Gīti, Jiva Institute 2018
* Sanskrit Non-Translatables, co-authored with Rajiv Malhotra. Manjul Publishing House, 2020
* Jiva Tattva, Jiva Institute, 2021
* Bhagavata Mahatmya, revised edition, Lithuania 2021
* Bhakti Sandarbha in 2 vols, Germany 2021

=== Papers ===

* "The Six Treatises of Srila Jiva Gosvami - An Overview in 7 parts" by Satya Narayana Dasa and Kundali Dasa, in the ''[[Back to Godhead]]'' magazine, 1992 ([http://www.backtogodhead.in/an-overview-by-satya-narayana-dasa-and-by-kundali-dasa/ Vol. 26, No. 6]) to 1993 ([http://www.backtogodhead.in/part-2-tattva-sandarbha-by-satya-narayana-dasa-and-kundali-dasa/ Vol. 27, No. 1])
* "The Concept of Saranagati in the Caitanya School of Vaisnavism" Proceedings of Ananthacharya Indological Research Institute of Mumbai National Seminar on Saranagati, 2002
* ‘The Philosophy and Theology of the Caitanya School of Vaisnavism’,in ‘Theistic Vedanta’, a volume in Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture. (25 Volumes) New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003.
* "Caitanya and the Bengal School of Vaiṣṇavism", in History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol, II, Part 3: Theistic Vedanta, New Delhi, Pauls Press, 2003, {{ISBN|81-87586-12-5}}
* "Synthesis of Yoga in the Caitanya School," in History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol. XVI, Part 4: Synthesis of Yoga, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2011, {{ISBN| 978-81-87586-50-0}}
* "The Six Sandarbhas of Jiva Goswami" in Sources of the Krishna Tradition. Ed. Bryant, Edwin F. Oxford University Press, (2007), p. 373-408.
* "The Concept of Bhagavan in Bengal Vaishnavism as Found in Jiva Goswami’s Bhagavat Sandarbha" in Journal of Vaishnava Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1, Fall 2009
* "Un esprit calme et ferme" in Source pour une vie reliee, No. 20, 2012
* "Agency in the Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava Tradition" by Satyanarayana Dasa and Jonathan B. Edelmann in Free Will Agency and Selfhood in Indian Philosophy, ed.by Matthew R. Dasti and Edwin F. Bryant, Oxford University Press 2014
* "When Stones Float and Mud Speaks: Scriptural Authority and Personal Experience in Jīvagosvāmin’s Sarvasaṁvādinī" by Jonathan Edelmann and Satyanarayana Das, Journal of Hindu Studies 2014
* "Contribution of Sri Caitanya to Indian Theology", in: Vraja Vrindavan Vithiyo me Sri Caitanyadeva (Hindi and English), by Amiya Nimai Gauranga Mahaprabhu Mandir, Vrindavan 2015
* "Sanskrit is not Dead" 2017, Proceeding of Svadeshi II Conference
* The Source of All Sources: Śrī Kṛṣṇa as Svayaṁ Bhagavān, Journal of Vaishnava Studies, Fall 2017

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.jiva.org/satyanarayana-dasa/ Babaji Satyanarayana Dasa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228191448/https://www.jiva.org/satyanarayana-dasa/ |date=28 February 2024 }}
*[http://www.jiva.org/ Jiva Institute]

{{Modern Gaudiya Vaishnavas}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dasa, Satyanarayana}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:People from Faridabad]]
[[Category:20th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:21st-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian theologians]]
[[Category:Gaudiya religious leaders]]
[[Category:Former International Society for Krishna Consciousness religious figures]]
[[Category:Hindu studies scholars]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian theologians]]
[[Category:Indian Vaishnavites]]
[[Category:Scholars from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Haryana]]

Jalpesh Temple

2025-11-29T07:00:35Z

Samantahfp: made new place

{{Short description|Hindu temple in West Bengal, India}}
{{Infobox Mandir
|name = Jalpesh Temple
|image = Jalpesh Temple.jpg
|caption =
|deity = [[Shiva]]
|country = {{flag|India}}
|state = [[West Bengal]]
|district = [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]
|locale = [[Mainaguri]]
|creator = [[Biswa Singha]]
|established = 1524 1563 (reconstruction) 1653 (Reconstructed by Raja Pran Narayana) 30 January 1899 (Restoration by Queen Jagadeswari Devi)
|festival = [[Maha Shivaratri]]
|temple_board = Jalpesh Temple Board of Trustees
|governing_body =
}}

'''Jalpesh Temple'''<ref name="northbengaltourism">{{cite web |title=Japlesh Temple |url=https://northbengaltourism.com/jalpesh-temple/ |website=northbengaltourism.com |language=en |access-date=2023-04-05 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405052306/https://northbengaltourism.com/jalpesh-temple/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ({{langx|rkt|zolpeś mondir}}, {{langx|bn|jolpeś mondir}}) is an important [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to the Bhramari Saktipitha's Bhairava as Jalpesh. The worshiped in this temple is Bhairava as Jalpesh, a form of [[Shiva]] – one of Hinduism's trinity of supreme divinity. The temple is located on the banks of the [[Dharla River|Jarda]] river, 7–8 km from [[Mainaguri]] town in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]].

== History ==
[[Biswa Singha|Bishwa Singha]], father of Maharaja [[Nara Narayan]] of [[Cooch Behar State|Cooch Behar]], founded the Jalpesh temple in 1524. Later he rebuilt the temple in 1563. Again after 100 years, King Pran Narayan rebuilt this temple in 1663.<ref name="coochbehar-gov1">{{cite web |title=Cooch Behar Government: Royal History : Book of Facts and Events |url=http://www.coochbehar.gov.in/Htmfiles/history_book.html |website=www.coochbehar.gov.in |access-date=5 April 2023 |language=en |archive-date=23 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023142432/http://www.coochbehar.gov.in/HTMfiles/history_book.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="bengali-indianexpress1">{{cite web |title=বহু প্রাচীন মন্দির, যার সঙ্গে জড়িয়ে আছে রাজকাহিনিও |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/lifestyle/jalpesh-temple-in-jalpaiguri-476926/ |website=bengali.indianexpress.com |access-date=5 April 2023 |language=bn |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405053850/https://bengali.indianexpress.com/lifestyle/jalpesh-temple-in-jalpaiguri-476926/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the reign of King Lakshmi Narayan of Cooch Behar, Mahidev Raikut declared his independence in 1621 AD, refusing to obedience to the [[Koch dynasty]]. Since then the temple was under the supervision of [[Raikat|Raikats of Baikunthapur]]. It was restored on 30 January 1899 by Rani Jagadeswari Devi, wife of King Jagendra Deva Raikut.<ref name="bengali-indianexpress1"/><ref name="kolkata24x7-1">{{cite web |title=শিব চতুর্দশী উপলক্ষ্যে জমজমাট শৈবতীর্থ জল্পেশ |url=https://kolkata24x7.com/shivratri-jalpesh-tempel-north-bengal.html |website=kolkata24x7.com |access-date=5 April 2023 |language=bn |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407155132/https://kolkata24x7.com/shivratri-jalpesh-tempel-north-bengal.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

An [[earthquake]] occurred in [[Jalpaiguri district]] on 26 April 2015 at 11:41 AM (IST). The duration of the earthquake was 58 seconds. Initially, the magnitude of the tremor was 7.5 on the Richter scale, but it was finally 7.8. [[University of North Bengal]]'s meteorologist Subir Sarkar said that the magnitude of the earthquake in Jalpaiguri was 6.9 on the Richter scale. The earthquake caused numerous cracks in the walls and spire of the ancient Jalpesh temple.<ref name="anandabazar2">{{cite web |title=ফের ভূকম্পে ফাটল জল্পেশের মন্দিরে |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/north-bengal/earthquake-makes-crack-in-jalpesh-temple-1.139288 |website=Anandabazar |access-date=5 April 2023 |language=bn |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405055312/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/north-bengal/earthquake-makes-crack-in-jalpesh-temple-1.139288 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Deity ==
The worshipped deity in the temple is Bhairava as Jalpesh. Inside the temple there is a [[Lingam|Shivalinga]] called 'Anadi'.<ref name="dooars-info">{{cite web |title=Jalpesh Mandir (জল্পেশ মন্দির) – Mahashivaratri is the key festival celebrated in this temple |url=http://dooars.info/jalpesh-mandir-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-mahashivaratri-is-the-key-festival-celebrated-in-this-temple/ |website=dooars.info |access-date=5 April 2023 |language=en |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405053250/http://dooars.info/jalpesh-mandir-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-mahashivaratri-is-the-key-festival-celebrated-in-this-temple/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Festivals and fairs ==
The main festival celebrated in this temple is [[Maha Shivaratri|Mahashivratri]]. Pilgrims come in July–August and February–March to worship [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]]. Shravani Mela is held in the temple during the month of [[Shravana (month)|Shravan]]. Ever since the construction of the temple in the 17th century, a famous fair started here on the occasion of [[Maha Shivaratri|Shiva Ratri]]. The fair is one of the oldest fairs in [[West Bengal]]. Hundreds of thousands of people gather for the fair. Before [[Independence Day (India)|India's independence]], elephants were sold at these fairs. People from [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]], [[Bangladesh]] and other nearby states come here for the fair.<ref name="anandabazar3">{{cite web |title=পর্যটক টানতে ঢেলে সাজা হচ্ছে জল্পেশ, জটিলেশ্বর |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/state/jalpesh-jatileshwar-two-unique-tourist-spots-in-wb-dgtl-1.253696 |website=Anandabazar |access-date=5 April 2023 |language=bn |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407155530/https://www.anandabazar.com/state/jalpesh-jatileshwar-two-unique-tourist-spots-in-wb-dgtl-1.253696 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="anandabazar4">{{cite web |title=জল্পেশ জমজমাট |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/north-bengal/pilgrims-are-coming-at-jalpesh-temple-1.1027879 |website=Anandabazar |access-date=5 April 2023 |language=en |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405061543/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/north-bengal/pilgrims-are-coming-at-jalpesh-temple-1.1027879 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Jalpesh Temple gallery ==
<gallery widths="230px" heights="170px">
File:Jalpesh Temple by Tirtha.aec09.jpg|
File:Jalpesh Shiva temple 13.jpg|
File:Jalpesh Shiva temple 22.jpg|
</gallery>

==References==
{{Commons category}}

{{Reflist|3}}

{{Hindu temples in West Bengal}}

{{coord|26.52565|88.86684|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Shiva temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Jalpaiguri district]]
[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]
[[Category:16th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Bengal temple architecture]]

Podaturpet

2025-11-13T05:01:44Z

Samantahfp: Starting A Stub Basic Info

{{more citations needed|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Podaturpet
| other_name =
| nickname = PDT
| settlement_type = Town panchayat
| image_skyline =
| image_alt = Podaturpet Town
| image_caption = Podaturpet Town Map
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = Top
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.28308|N|79.48363|E|display=inline ,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]]
| subdivision_type3 = taluka
subdivision_name2 = [[pallipatu]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Town]]
| governing_body = [[Town Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-tamilnadu.php?cityid=3340110000|title=Podaturpet (Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information|website=www.citypopulation.de|access-date=2019-07-10}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 8.86
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 28040
| population_as_of = 2023
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 631208
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-44
| registration_plate = TN-20
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name = Podaturpet
| image_map =
}}
'''Podaturpet''' (also Podhaturpet, Podhattoorpet or Pothatturpettai) is a Town under [[Pallipattu]] (Pallipet) Taluk in [[Thiruvallur district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].

Podaturpet is located between [[Thiruttani|Tiruttani]] – [[Pallipattu]](Pallipet) and [[Sholinghur]] – [[Nagari, Andhra Pradesh|Nagari]] (Andhra pradesh) also one of the border towns of [[Tamilnadu]] - [[Andhra Pradesh]]. This [[panchayat town|Town panchayat]] has 18 wards. In local body elections 2022, ADMK won majority by winning 13 wards.

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Podaturpet had a population of 28,040. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Podhaturpettai has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 45%. In Podhaturpettai, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.1) Iyer (Advaita) 2) Osur Veeramuthu lineage 3) Thirupali lineage 4) Ekri lineage 5) Pakapadaya lineage 6) Lingayat lineage

== Politics ==
{{Main|Andhra Pradesh and Madras Alteration of Boundaries Act}}

The Andhra Pradesh and Madras Alteration of Boundaries Act, enacted in 1959 by the [[Parliament of India]] under the provisions of article 3 of the [[Constitution of India|constitution]], went into effect from 1 April 1960. Under the act, Tiruttani [[taluk]] and Pallipattu sub-taluk of the [[Chittoor]] district of [[Andhra Pradesh]] were transferred to [[Madras State]] in exchange for territories from the Chingelput ([[Chengalpattu]])

[[Tiruttani (state assembly constituency)|Tiruttani's assembly constituency]] is in [[Arakkonam (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. It was part of [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)]] earlier.

== The Main Industry ==
Weaving is the most important industry and is done by the majority of the people. They are engaged in handloom and powerloom, both types of weaving. The high quality knitwear woven here is distributed to all parts of the country. Next to the textile industry, agriculture is the primary occupation carried out by the majority of the population. Paddy and sugarcane are the major crops.

== Transport ==
Pothatturpettai has transport links to the nearest cities, towns and villages. Pothatturpettai has bus depot and its contains govt buses. The state of Tamil Nadu operates buses to locations including Tiruttani, [[Pallipattu]], Sorakkaiyapettai, Tiruvallur, Poonamallee, Athimanjeripettai, R.K. Pet, Sholingur, Nagari, Walajah, Vellore, [[Chittoor]], and '''Private buses Operates''' to Pallipattu, Tiruttani, Arakkonam, Nagari, Puttur, Narayanavanam, Arani, Arcot and Sholinghur

'''Near by Railway stations'''

# Tiruttani Railway station (Distance – 23 km)
# Nagari Railway station (Distance – 13.5 km)
# Ekambarakuppam Railway station (Distance – 14.5 km)
# Arakkonam Junction Railway station (Distance – 35 km)
# Sholinghur Railway station (Distance – 39 km)
==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tiruvallur district]]

Kirpal Singh Batth

2025-11-06T12:17:22Z

Samantahfp:

{{Short description|Discus Thrower from India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}

{{Infobox sportsperson
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|05|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Patti, Punjab]], India
| height = 1.96 m
| sport = [[Track and field]]
| event = [[Discus throw]]
| pb = 61.83 m (2022)
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Track and field|athletics]]}} [[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[South Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 South Asian Games|2019 Kathmandu]]|[[Athletics at the 2019 South Asian Games#Men's events|Discus throw]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati]]|[[Athletics at the 2016 South Asian Games#Men|Discus throw]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[South Asian Athletics Championships|South Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 South Asian Athletics Championships|2025 Ranchi]]|[[2025 South Asian Athletics Championships#Men|Discus throw]]}}
}}

'''Kirpal Singh Batth''' (born 19 May 1992) is an Indian [[Discus throw|discus thrower]].

== Personal life ==
Kirpal Singh Batth was born on 19 May 1992 in [[Patti, Punjab]], to Nainderbir Singh and Sukhbir Kaur. He is employed as an officer at [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation|ONGC]]. In 2016, he married Harpreet Kaur, an [[advocate]] by profession. The couple has a daughter named Sifat Batth. He follows a [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]] lifestyle.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-12-06 |title=2 ONGC sportspersons win Gold Medals in South Asian Games {{!}} Garhwal Post |url=https://garhwalpost.in/2-ongc-sportspersons-win-gold-medals-in-south-asian-games/ |access-date=2025-11-05 |language=en-US}}</ref>

A self-taught discus thrower, Kirpal trains by studying videos of top athletes from around the world and recording his own performances for self-analysis and improvement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamath |first=Amit |date=2022-04-06 |title=Self-coached Kirpal Singh Batth starting to resurrect stop-start discus throw career |url=http://www.news9live.com/sports/athletics/self-coached-kirpal-singh-batth-starting-to-resurrect-stop-start-discus-throw-career-163049 |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-05 |title=Fed Cup Athletics: Kripal Singh Batth breaks 22-year-old discus throw meet record |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/athletics/fed-cup-athletics-kripal-singh-batth-breaks-22-year-old-discus-throw-meet-record/articleshow/90669160.cms |access-date=2025-11-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Sports links}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Kripal Bhatt}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men discus throwers]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in athletics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2019 South Asian Games]]

{{India-athletics-bio-stub}}

Srindra Varmana

2025-10-21T18:26:53Z

Samantahfp:

{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
'''Srindra Varmana''' according to the ''[[Skanda Purana]]'' was a king of the [[Kambojas|Kamboja kingdom]].<ref name="awasthi59">Studies in Skanda Purana, 1978, p 59, A. B. L. Awasthi.</ref> He is said to have installed the image of [[Varaha|Varahadeva ]]in his capital and made a gold throne for it.<ref>Studies in Skanda Purana, 1978, p 1, A. B. L. Awasthi.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Chandravarma Kamboja]]
*[[Kamatha Kamboja]]
*[[Sudakshina Kamboja]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Kambojas]]

{{Hindu-myth-stub}}

2015 National Games of India medal table

2025-09-22T15:36:45Z

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#REDIRECT [[2015 National Games of India#Medals tally]]

{{R from merge}}
{{R to section}}

Christhupalayam

2025-09-18T18:59:51Z

Samantahfp: new pg - done

{{short description|Village in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Christhupalayam
| official_name = Kristhupalayam
| native_name = கிறிஸ்துபாளையம்
| native_name_lang = ta
| other_name = Chrishthupalayam
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Kristhupalayam.jpg
| image_alt = Road Side Sign board which indicates this village name
| image_caption = Road Side Sign board which indicates this village name
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|12.5553|N|77.7575|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kongu Nadu]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Tehsil|Thaluk]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Denkanikottai taluk|Denkanikottai]]
| subdivision_type5 = [[Panchayat samiti|Block]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Thally]]
| subdivision_type6 = [[Gram panchayat|Panchayat]]
| subdivision_name6 = Marudanapalli <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/644006-marudanapalli-tamil-nadu.html | title=Marudanapalli Village Population - Denkanikottai - Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu }}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| demographics1_title2 = Secondary
| demographics1_info2 = [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 635107 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://pincode.net.in/635107 | title=Pin Code: 635107, List of Post Offices, KRISHNAGIRI, TAMIL NADU Pincode.net.in }}</ref>
| postal2_code_type = [[Post Office]]
| postal2_code = Anniyalam
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-4347
| registration_plate = TN 70
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] Constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Krishnagiri Lok Sabha constituency|Krishnagiri]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] Member
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[A. Chellakumar]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] Constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Thalli Assembly constituency|Thalli]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/thalli-election-result-2021-live-updates-thalli-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3695939.html | title=Thalli Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Ramachandran T of CPI wins | date=2 May 2021 }}</ref>
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] Member
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[T. Ramachandran (CPI politician)|T. Ramachandran]]
}}

'''Christhupalayam''', also spelled ''Kristhupalayam'', is a village located 6 km from the major town Denkanikottai, Tamil Nadu, India.<ref>https://www.veethi.com/christupalayam/PL223619 {{bare URL inline|date=August 2025}}</ref> The primary occupations of the villagers are farming and labor service.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://studybystep.com/educational-institutions/schools-in-tamil-nadu/school.php?village=CHRISTUPALAYAM_krishnagiri-thally | title=Schools in CHRISTUPALAYAM village of Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu }}</ref>

Chrishthupalayam holds a unique cultural identity, heavily influenced by the presence of Catholic missionaries who settled in the village over a century ago. As a result, the village has a notable population of Catholics who actively participate in religious rituals and festivities.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ivdpkrishnagiri.org/educational-services/ | title=Integrated Village Development Project - IVDP Krishnagiri }}</ref> The missionaries not only brought the Catholic faith but also played an integral role in establishing educational in the village.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://schools.org.in/krishanagiri/33311703501/st-mary-s-primary-aided.html | title=ST. MAry's PRIMARY AIDED - Christupalayam, District Krishanagiri (Tamil Nadu) }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dasarapalli]]
*[[Denkanikottai taluk]]
*[[Thally]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Krishnagiri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Krishnagiri district]]

People's Democratic Council of Karbi Longri

2025-09-16T14:06:31Z

Samantahfp: Starting New Post First Draft

{{Short description|Militant group in India (2016–2021)}}
{{Multiple issues|{{refimprove|date=September 2017}}{{notability|date=September 2017}}{{context|date=September 2017}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
The '''People's Democratic Council of Karbi Longri (PDCK)''' was an armed militant outfit which sought to obtain sovereignty for the [[Karbis]] in India. <ref name= "nagaland">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nagalandpost.com/ChannelNews/Regional/RegionalNews.aspx?news=TkVXUzEwMDEwNDYyMg%3D%3D |title=New Karbi outfit PDCK formed |website= www.nagalandpost.com|access-date=2017-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031220353/http://www.nagalandpost.com/ChannelNews/Regional/RegionalNews.aspx?news=TkVXUzEwMDEwNDYyMg%3D%3D |archive-date=2016-10-31 |url-status=live }}</ref>

PDCK was disbanded on 23 February 2021, and all its members surrendered to state authorities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-militant-wanted-for-multiple-killings-returns-from-myanmar-to-surrender-101614094611573-amp.html|title=Assam militant wanted for multiple killings returns from Myanmar to surrender|date= 23 February 2021|publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==Formation==
It was formed on 27 October 2016 at an undisclosed location.

A statement was given by the leaders:

''"Concurring individuals believing in sovereignty of the Karbis held various discussions earlier this month where the need for a new armed outfit in the district to fight for the rights of the Karbis was strongly felt. Thus, a unanimous decision was taken to give birth to PDCK which was formally formed."''<ref name= "nagaland"/>

==Leaders==
* Chairman: Jeksai Kangtang Lijang
* General Secretary: Nongme Tungjang
* Chief of Army Staff: Captain David Mukrang

==Affiliations==
PDCK was affiliated with United National Liberation Front of Western South East Asia (UNLFWSEA), which comprises other militant outfits of the region such as [[Kangleipak Communist Party|KCP]], [[Kamtapur Liberation Organization|KLO]], [[Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup|KYKL]], [[NDFB]], [[NLFT]], [[NSCN]], [[PREPAK]], PREPAK (Pro), [[Revolutionary People's Front|RPF]] and [[United National Liberation Front|UNLF]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:People's Democratic Council of Karbi Longri}}
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Secessionist organizations]]
[[Category:Rebel groups in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Assam]]
[[Category:Terrorism in Assam]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Political organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Karbi Anglong district]]

Vansh Sayani

2025-06-25T06:48:57Z

Samantahfp: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[Baalveer]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

England women's cricket team in India in 1995–96

2025-05-30T05:16:45Z

Samantahfp: new post - done

{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = English women's cricket team in India in 1995–96
| team1_image = Flag of India.svg
| team1_name = India
| team2_image = Flag of England.svg
| team2_name = England
| from_date = 7 November
| to_date = 15 December 1995
| team1_captain = [[Purnima Rau]]
| team2_captain = [[Karen Smithies]]
| no_of_tests = 3
| team1_tests_won = 0
| team2_tests_won = 1
| team1_tests_most_runs = [[Sangita Dabir]] (194)
| team2_tests_most_runs = [[Jan Brittin]] (229)
| team1_tests_most_wickets = [[Sangita Dabir]] (10) [[Neetu David]] (10)
| team2_tests_most_wickets = [[Debra Stock]] (11)
| player_of_test_series =
| no_of_ODIs = 5
| team1_ODIs_won = 3
| team2_ODIs_won = 2
| team1_ODIs_most_runs = [[Anju Jain]] (136)
| team2_ODIs_most_runs = [[Jan Brittin]] (145)
| team1_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Pramila Bhatt]] (10)
| team2_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Karen Smithies]] (8)
| player_of_ODI_series =
}}
The [[English women's cricket team]] toured [[India]] in November and December 1995. They played [[India women's national cricket team|India]] in 5 [[Women's One Day Internationals|One Day Internationals]] and 3 [[Women's Test cricket|Test matches]]. India won the ODI series 3–2, whilst England won the Test series 1–0.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-women-tour-of-india-1995-96-61573 |title=England Women tour of India 1995/96|access-date=17 June 2021 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> England's Test win, by 2 runs, is the narrowest winning margin by runs in Women's Test history.<ref name="narrow">{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283261.html |title=Records/Women's Test Matches/Team Records/Smallest Margin of Victory (By Runs) |access-date=17 June 2021 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In the same Test, [[Neetu David]] took the best bowling figures in an innings in Women's Test history, with 8/53.<ref name="bbi">{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283972.html |title=Records/Women's Test Matches/Bowling Records/Best Bowling Figures in an Innings |access-date=17 June 2021 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! {{crw|IND}}<ref name="IND-squad">{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=1053;team=1863;type=series |title=Records/England Women in India Women's Test Series, 1995/96 - India Women/Batting and Bowling Averages |access-date=17 June 2021 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
! {{crw|ENG}}<ref name="ENG-squad">{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling.html?class=13;id=1314;type=tour |title=Records/England Women Tour of India, Nov-Dec 1995/All Matches/Batting and Bowling Averages|access-date=17 June 2021 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
*
* [[Purnima Rau]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Sandhya Agarwal]]
* [[Pramila Bhatt]]
* [[Anjum Chopra]]
* [[Sangita Dabir]]
* [[Neetu David]]
* [[Laya Francis]]
* [[Smitha Harikrishna]]
* [[Anju Jain]]
* [[Chanderkanta Kaul]]
* [[Renu Margrate]]
* [[Rishijae Mudgel]]
* [[Manju Nadgoda]]
* [[Lissy Samuel]]
* [[Shyama Shaw]]
* [[Arati Vaidya]]
* [[Rajani Venugopal]]
|
* [[Karen Smithies]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Jan Brittin]]
* [[Jo Chamberlain]]
* [[Clare Connor]]
* [[Barbara Daniels (cricketer)|Barbara Daniels]]
* [[Kathryn Leng]]
* [[Debra Maybury]]
* [[Sue Metcalfe]]
* [[Helen Plimmer]]
* [[Sue Redfern]]
* [[Melissa Reynard]]
* [[Jane Smit]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Debra Stock]]
* [[Clare Taylor]]
|}

==Tour Matches==
===45-over match: Indian XI v England===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 7 November 1995
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|ENG}}
| team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} Indian XI
| score1 = 107/8 (45 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jane Smit]] 45 (104)
| wickets1 = Preeti Dudhe 2/32 (9 overs)
| score2 = 70 (31.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shyama Shaw]] 17 (46)
| wickets2 = [[Jo Chamberlain]] 4/18 (7 overs)
| result = England Women won by 37 runs
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/179/179281.html Scorecard]
| venue = Narendra Mohan Sports Stadium, [[Ghaziabad]]
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss = Indian XI Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===45-over match: Women's Cricket Association of India President's XI v England===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 9 November 1995
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = Women's Cricket Association of India President's XI {{flagicon|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|ENG}}
| score1 = 121/7 (45 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kalyani Dhokarikar]] 35 (–)
| wickets1 = [[Melissa Reynard]] 4/23 (8 overs)
| score2 = 125/2 (39.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jan Brittin]] 56[[not out|*]] (–)
| wickets2 = V Matkar 1/10 (4 overs)
| result = England Women won by 8 wickets
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/179/179282.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Nahar Singh Stadium]], [[Faridabad]]
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss = Toss not known.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===45-over match: Air India v England===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 8 December 1995
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = Air India {{flagicon|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|ENG}}
| score1 = 155/4 (45 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mamatha Maben]] 40 (–)
| wickets1 = [[Debra Stock]] 2/17 (9 overs)
| score2 = 75 (31.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Clare Connor]] 19 (–)
| wickets2 = [[Rupanjali Shastri]] 4/8 (9 overs)
| result = Air India Women won by 80 runs
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/179/179283.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Jamia Millia Islamia University Ground]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss = England Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==WODI Series==
===1st ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 11 November 1995
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|ENG}}
| score1 = 112 (44.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Chanderkanta Kaul]] 22 (55)
| wickets1 = [[Melissa Reynard]] 2/11 (3.5 overs)
| score2 = 113/1 (41.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Barbara Daniels (cricketer)|Barbara Daniels]] 40[[not out|*]] (81)
| wickets2 = [[Neetu David]] 1/12 (10 overs)
| result = England Women won by 9 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-women-tour-of-india-1995-96-61573/india-women-vs-england-women-1st-odi-67013/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Arun Jaitley Stadium|Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Des Raj]] (Ind) and [[Shyam Bansal]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Barbara Daniels (cricketer)|Barbara Daniels]] (Eng)
| toss = England Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===2nd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 14 November 1995
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|ENG}}
| score1 = 85 (32.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sangita Dabir]] 15 (31)
| wickets1 = [[Jo Chamberlain]] 4/18 (7.3 overs)
| score2 = 78 (43.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sue Metcalfe]] 32 (110)
| wickets2 = [[Pramila Bhatt]] 3/9 (8.5 overs)
| result = India Women won by 7 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-women-tour-of-india-1995-96-61573/india-women-vs-england-women-2nd-odi-67141/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss = England Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = Match reduced to 45 overs per side due to rain.
| notes =
}}

===3rd ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 1 December 1995
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|ENG}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 194/6 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jan Brittin]] 81 (105)
| wickets1 = [[Purnima Rau]] 3/43 (11 overs)
| score2 = 153 (46.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Anju Jain]] 42 (95)
| wickets2 = [[Karen Smithies]] 3/20 (10 overs)
| result = England Women won by 41 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-women-tour-of-india-1995-96-61573/india-women-vs-england-women-3rd-odi-66910/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Moin-ul-Haq Stadium]], [[Patna]]
| umpires = BK Bhaskaran (Ind) and PK Pranyeen (Ind)
| motm =
| toss = India Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Manju Nadgoda]] and [[Shyama Shaw]] (Ind) both made their WODI debuts.
}}

===4th ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 5 December 1995
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|ENG}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 131/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Karen Smithies]] 36[[not out|*]] (83)
| wickets1 = [[Pramila Bhatt]] 4/25 (10 overs)
| score2 = 133/1 (41.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Anju Jain]] 65 (116)
| wickets2 = [[Clare Taylor]] 1/23 (10 overs)
| result = India Women won by 9 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-women-tour-of-india-1995-96-61573/india-women-vs-england-women-4th-odi-67142/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[K. D. Singh Babu Stadium, Lucknow|K. D. Singh Babu Stadium]], [[Lucknow]]
| umpires = [[R. P. Singh (cricketer, born 1965)|RP Singh]] (Ind) and SIR Naqvi (Ind)
| motm = [[Pramila Bhatt]] (Ind)
| toss = India Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===5th ODI===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 December 1995
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|ENG}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 146/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Karen Smithies]] 38 (93)
| wickets1 = [[Laya Francis]] 2/19 (10 overs)
| score2 = 147/3 (44.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Anjum Chopra]] 53[[not out|*]] (124)
| wickets2 = [[Karen Smithies]] 1/15 (10 overs)
| result = India Women won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-women-tour-of-india-1995-96-61573/india-women-vs-england-women-5th-odi-66986/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai|Madras]]
| umpires =
| motm = [[Purnima Rau]] (Ind)
| toss = India Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Lissy Samuel]] (Ind) made her WODI debut.
}}

==WTest Series==
===1st Test===
{{Test match
|date = 17 – 20 November 1995
|team1 = {{crw-rt|ENG}}
|team2 = {{crw|IND}}

|score-team1-inns1 = 209/5[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (94 overs)
|runs-team1-inns1 = [[Jan Brittin]] 84 (177)
|wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Sangita Dabir]] 3/8 (12 overs)

|score-team2-inns1 = 314/6[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (114 overs)
|runs-team2-inns1 = [[Anju Jain]] 110 (278)
|wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Karen Smithies]] 2/52 (21 overs)

|score-team1-inns2 = 28/2 (20 overs)
|runs-team1-inns2 = [[Jan Brittin]] 16 (46)
|wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Pramila Bhatt]] 1/1 (3 overs)

|score-team2-inns2 =
|runs-team2-inns2 =
|wickets-team2-inns2 =

|result = Match drawn
|venue = [[Calcutta Cricket and Football Club]], [[Kolkata]]
|umpires = SB Nandy (Ind) and [[Subrata Banerjee]] (Ind)
|motm = [[Anju Jain]] (Ind)
|report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-women-tour-of-india-1995-96-61573/india-women-vs-england-women-1st-test-67498/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|toss = India Women won the toss and elected to field.
|rain =
|notes = [[Barbara Daniels (cricketer)|Barbara Daniels]], [[Kathryn Leng]], [[Melissa Reynard]], [[Clare Taylor]] (Eng), [[Anjum Chopra]] and [[Shyama Shaw]] (Ind) all made their WTest debuts.
}}

===2nd Test===
{{Test match
|date = 24 – 27 November 1995
|team1 = {{crw-rt|ENG}}
|team2 = {{crw|IND}}

|score-team1-inns1 = 196 (105.3 overs)
|runs-team1-inns1 = [[Jan Brittin]] 44 (129)
|wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Sangita Dabir]] 4/36 (21 overs)

|score-team2-inns1 = 263 (114 overs)
|runs-team2-inns1 = [[Sangita Dabir]] 60 (114)
|wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Debra Stock]] 3/44 (27 overs)

|score-team1-inns2 = 194 (126.3 overs)
|runs-team1-inns2 = [[Jane Smit]] 42[[not out|*]] (108)
|wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Neetu David]] 8/53 (31.3 overs)

|score-team2-inns2 = 125 (38.3 overs)
|runs-team2-inns2 = [[Anjum Chopra]] 31 (48)
|wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Debra Stock]] 4/32 (12 overs)

|result = England Women won by 2 runs
|venue = [[Keenan Stadium]], [[Jamshedpur]]
|umpires = K Chakravarthy (Ind) and Randhir Biswas (Ind)
|motm = [[Jan Brittin]] (Eng)
|report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-women-tour-of-india-1995-96-61573/india-women-vs-england-women-2nd-test-67499/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|toss = England Women won the toss and elected to bat.
|rain =
|notes = [[Sue Redfern]] (Eng) made her WTest debut.
* England's victory margin of 2 runs is the narrowest winning margin by runs in Women's Test match history.<ref name="narrow"/>
* [[Neetu David]]'s 8/53 in the third innings of the match is the best bowling figures in an innings in Women's Test match history.<ref name="bbi"/>
}}

===3rd Test===
{{Test match
|date = 10 – 13 December 1995
|team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
|team2 = {{crw|ENG}}

|score-team1-inns1 = 184 (89.4 overs)
|runs-team1-inns1 = [[Shyama Shaw]] 66 (104)
|wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Clare Taylor]] 4/38 (24 overs)

|score-team2-inns1 = 98 (77.3 overs)
|runs-team2-inns1 = [[Sue Metcalfe]] 23 (126)
|wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Shyama Shaw]] 3/19 (14 overs)

|score-team1-inns2 = 216/7[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (97 overs)
|runs-team1-inns2 = [[Chanderkanta Kaul]] 67 (175)
|wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Karen Smithies]] 2/36 (18 overs)

|score-team2-inns2 = 182/9 (137 overs)
|runs-team2-inns2 = [[Jan Brittin]] 68 (256)
|wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Purnima Rau]] 4/51 (54 overs)

|result = Match drawn
|venue = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad|Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|umpires = [[V. K. Ramaswamy (umpire)|V. K. Ramaswamy]] (Ind) and V.S. Rajan (Ind)
|motm = [[Shyama Shaw]] (Ind)
|report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-women-tour-of-india-1995-96-61573/india-women-vs-england-women-3rd-test-67500/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|toss = England Women won the toss and elected to field.
|rain =
|notes = [[Clare Connor]] (Eng) made her WTest debut.
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-women-tour-of-india-1995-96-61573 England Women tour of India 1995/96] from ESPNcricinfo

{{England women's cricket team}}
{{India women's national cricket team}}
{{International women's cricket tours of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:English women's cricket team in India in 1995-96}}
[[Category:England women's cricket team tours|India]]
[[Category:Women's international cricket tours of India]]
[[Category:1995 in women's cricket]]

Purandar

2025-05-24T04:29:56Z

Samantahfp:

{{Wikt|पुरंदर}}
'''Purandar''' or '''Purandara''' may refer to:

* An epithet of the Hindu gods [[Indra]], [[Shiva]] and [[Agni]]
* Purandara (philosopher), a 7th-century [[Cārvāka]] philosopher
* [[Purandara Dasa]], a 16th-century Indian musician
** [[Purandara Dasa Aradhana]], festival dedicated to him
** [[Purandaradasa (film)|''Purandaradasa'' (film)]], a 1937 Indian film about him
* [[Purandar Fort]], a fort in the below taluka
* [[Purandar taluka]], a sub-district in Pune, Maharashtra, India

== See also ==
* {{Intitle}}
* {{Intitle|Purandara}}
* [[Treaty of Purandar (disambiguation)]]

{{disambig}}

Mawar, Kanpur Dehat

2025-05-15T01:26:45Z

Samantahfp: Added details...

{{for|cyclones with this name|List of storms named Mawar}}
{{Issues|
{{Notability|date=May 2025}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mawar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26|18|28|N|79|56|19|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kanpur Dehat district|Kanpur Dehat]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 118
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-
| blank1_name_sec1 = Coastline
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{Convert|0|km|mi}}
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Mawar''' is a town in [[Kanpur Dehat district]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 14, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref>

==Transport==
It is well connected by rail and road.

==Geography==
Mawar has an average elevation of 118 meters (390 feet).

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kanpur Dehat district]]

{{KanpurDehat-geo-stub}}

Cheedella

2025-05-06T01:33:05Z

Samantahfp: new new details

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Cheedella
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Cheedella, Suryapet, Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.026111|N|79.683333|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Suryapet district|Suryapet]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5943
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 508233
| registration_plate =TS 29
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Cheedella''' is a village in [[Penpahad mandal]] of [[Suryapet district]] in [[Telangana]], [[India]].<ref name="district">{{cite web|title=Suryapet district|url=http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130644554246.Suryapet.pdf|website=New Districts Formation Portal|accessdate=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011225153/http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130644554246.Suryapet.pdf#|archive-date=11 October 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It is located 33 km from district headquarters, [[Suryapet]].

==Geography==
It has an elevation of {{cvt|153|m}} above [[mean sea level]].

==Demographics==
Cheedella is the most populated village in Penpahad mandal . It has population of 5943 of which 2986 are males while 2957 are females as per Population Census 2011. The literacy rate of village was 59.34% where Male literacy stands at 69.72% while female literacy rate was 48.78%.<ref>[http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/577038-cheedella-andhra-pradesh.html Cheedella census]</ref>

==Politics==
It falls under [[Suryapet (Assembly constituency)|Suryapet Assembly constituency]] and the village is administrated by Sarpanch, who is elected representative of village.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Suryapet district]]

Shankar Memorial National Cartoon Museum and Art Gallery

2025-05-05T06:20:50Z

Samantahfp: created some post initial version

{{Infobox museum
|name = Shankar Memorial National Cartoon Museum and Art Gallery
|native_name = {{Transliteration|ml|ISO|Shankar Smaraka Cartoon museum}}
|image = Shankar memoreal.jpg
|imagesize = 200
|caption = Shankar Memorial National Cartoon Museum and Art Gallery
|map_type =
|map_caption = Shankar Memorial National Cartoon Museum and Art Gallery
|coordinates = {{coord|09.15|76.531|display=inline}}
|established = 2014
|dissolved =
|location = Krishnapuram, [[Kayamkulam]], [[Kerala]]
|type = Art museum
|visitors =
|director = [[Kerala Lalithakala Akademi]], Kerala Government
|curator =
|publictransit =
|website =
}}

'''Shankar Memorial National Cartoon Museum and Art Gallery''' is an [[art museum]] established by the [[Kerala Lalithakala Akademi]] under the Government of Kerala, India, in 2014, as a tribute to the renowned Indian cartoonist [[K. Shankar Pillai|Shankar]]. The institution is situated at Krishnapuram in Kayamkulam which is the home town of Shankar, in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Lekshmi Priya |date=2017-11-24 |title=Lovers of Art! This Gem in Kerala's Kayamkulam Has to Be on Your Travel Plans! |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/122226/this-gem-in-keralas-kayamkulam-has-to-be-on-your-travel-plans/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-07-21 |title=Final touches to Shankar memorial museum |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/final-touches-to-shankar-memorial-museum/article4938286.ece |access-date=2023-02-22 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shankar Memorial Museum, Krishnapuram KL |url=https://www.touristplaces.net.in/krishnapuram-kl/shankar-memorial-museum/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=www.touristplaces.net.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2014 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Art museums and galleries established in 2014]]
[[Category:Art museums and galleries in India]]
[[Category:Biographical museums in India]]
[[Category:National museums of India]]
[[Category:Museums devoted to one artist]]
[[Category:Museums in Kerala]]
[[Category:Cartooning museums]]

{{India-museum-stub}}

2021 Rajasthan Royals season

2025-04-14T02:33:57Z

Samantahfp: started a entry w/ infobox...

{{Short description|Indian cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Rajasthan Royals
| season = [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021]]
| coach = [[Trevor Penney]] (Lead Assistant Coach)
| captain = [[Sanju Samson]]
| ground = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]]
| comp1 = [[2021 Indian Premier League|Tournament performance]]
| comp1 result = League stage (7th)
| most runs = [[Sanju Samson]] (484)
| most wickets = [[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]] (15)
| prevseason = [[Rajasthan Royals in 2020|2020]]
| nextseason = [[Rajasthan Royals in 2022|2022]]
}}
The [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021 season]] was the 12th season for the [[Indian Premier League]] franchise [[Rajasthan Royals]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=IPL 2021 Auction: VIVO Remains The Title Sponsor As BCCI Releases The Player Auction List|url=https://cricket.yahoo.net/news/ipl-2021-auction-vivo-remains-175508420|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Yahoo! Cricket}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=BCCI looking to get players vaccinated, UAE not a back-up option for IPL|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bcci-looking-to-get-players-vaccinated-uae-not-a-back-up-option-for-ipl-1249660|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=30 January 2021|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref> After winning only 5 matches out of 14 matches, they finished seventh in the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/119345/rampant-kkr-edge-closer-to-playoffs-with-clinical-win-indian-premier-league-2021-ipl-cricket|title=Rampant KKR edge closer to playoffs with clinical win|work=Cricbuzz|access-date=7 October 2021}}</ref>

==Background==
===Player retention and transfers ===
{{Main|List of 2021 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}

The Rajasthan Royals retained 17 players and released eight players.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|title=IPL 2021 PLAYER RETENTIONS LIST|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/228284/ipl-2021-player-retentions-list|access-date=20 January 2021|date=20 January 2021|publisher=IPLt20}}</ref>

;Retained: [[Sanju Samson]], [[Ben Stokes]], [[Jofra Archer]], [[Jos Buttler]], [[Mahipal Lomror]], [[Manan Vohra]], [[Mayank Markande]], [[Rahul Tewatia]], [[Riyan Parag]], [[Shreyas Gopal]], [[Robin Uthappa]] (traded to [[Chennai Super Kings]]), [[Jaydev Unadkat]], [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]], [[Anuj Rawat]], [[Kartik Tyagi]], [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]], [[Andrew Tye]]

;Released: [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]], [[Akash Singh (cricketer, born 2002)|Akash Singh]], [[Aniruddha Joshi]], [[Ankit Rajpoot]], [[Oshane Thomas]], [[Shashank Singh]], [[Tom Curran (cricketer)|Tom Curran]], [[Varun Aaron]]

;Added: [[Shivam Dube]], [[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]], [[Mustafizur Rahman]], [[Liam Livingstone]], [[Chetan Sakariya]], [[Kuldip Yadav]], [[Akash Singh (cricketer, born 2002)|Akash Singh]], [[K. C. Cariappa (cricketer)|K. C. Carriapa]]

==Squad==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Nationality
! Birth date
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Year signed
! Salary
! Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
|7|| '''[[Liam Livingstone]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1993|8|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021|| style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l|1}} || Overseas
|-
|10|| '''[[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1989|6|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l|-3}} || Overseas
|-
|17|| '''[[Evin Lewis]]''' || {{cr|TRI}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1991|12|27|df=y}} || left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| || Overseas
|-
|19|| [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|2001|12|28|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.4|c}} ||
|-
|24|| [[Manan Vohra]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1993|7|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|-3}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
|2|| '''[[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]]''' || {{cr|SA}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1987|4|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|16.25|c|1}} || Overseas
|-
|4||[[Rahul Tewatia]]|| {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1993|5|20|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|75|l}} || Vice Captain
|-
|5|| [[Riyan Parag]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|2001|11|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2019 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|-3}} ||
|-
|6|| [[Mahipal Lomror]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1999|11|16|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|-3}} ||
|-
|25|| '''[[Shivam Dube]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1993|06|26|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[medium fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.4|c|1}} ||
|-
|55|| '''[[Ben Stokes]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1991|6|4|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|12.5|c|1}} || Overseas Withdrew<ref>{{Cite web|title=Broken finger rules Ben Stokes out of remainder of IPL 2021|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-rajasthan-royals-broken-finger-rules-ben-stokes-out-of-remainder-of-ipl-2021-1258891|access-date=13 April 2021|website=ESPN Cricinfo|language=en}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
|11|| '''[[Sanju Samson]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1994|11|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Pace bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8|c|1}} || Captain
|-
|12|| [[Anuj Rawat]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1999|10|17|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[N/A]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|80|l|-3}} ||
|-
|63|| '''[[Jos Buttler]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1990|9|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[N/A]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.4|c|-3}} || Overseas
|-
|98|| '''[[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]]''' || {{cr|NZ}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1996|12|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l|-3}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Spin Bowlers
|-
|3|| [[Shreyas Gopal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1993|09|04|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|-3}} ||
|-
|26|| '''[[Tabraiz Shamsi]]''' || {{cr|SA}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1990|2|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Left-arm unorthodox spin|unorthodox spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| || Overseas
|-
|94|| [[K. C. Cariappa]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1994|04|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|-3}} ||
|-
|99|| '''[[Mayank Markande]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1997|11|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|-3}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Pace Bowlers
|-
|9|| [[Kartik Tyagi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|2000|11|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.3|c|1}} ||
|-
|15|| [[Kuldip Yadav]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1996|10|15|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Pace bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|}} ||
|-
|22|| '''[[Jofra Archer]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1995|4|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2018 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|7.2|c|1}} || Overseas Withdrew<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jofra Archer ruled out of entire IPL 2021|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/jofra-archer-ruled-out-of-entire-ipl-2021-1260641|access-date=2021-04-26|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|28|| '''[[Chetan Sakariya]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1998|2|28|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Pace bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.2|C|}} ||
|-
|42|| '''[[Oshane Thomas]]''' || {{cr|Jamaica}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1997|02|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| || Overseas
|-
|68|| '''[[Andrew Tye]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1986|12|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Pace bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c|-3}} || Overseas Withdrew<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-rajasthan-royals-andrew-tye-leaves-for-home-as-anxiety-about-worsening-covid-19-situation-builds-1261029|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=25 April 2021|date=25 April 2021|language=en|title=Andrew Tye leaves for home as anxiety about worsening Covid-19 situation builds}}</ref>
|-
|77|| '''[[Jaydev Unadkat]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1991|10|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2020 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c|1}} ||
|-
|90|| '''[[Mustafizur Rahman]]''' || {{cr|BAN}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|1995|9|6|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1|c|1}} || Overseas
|-
|117|| [[Akash Singh (cricketer, born 2002)|Akash Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2021|04|11|2002|4|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Pace bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2021 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l|}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="text-align: center;"| Source:[https://rajasthanroyals.com/players RR Players]
|}

==Administration and support staff==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
|Owner|| [[Manoj Badale]], [[Lachlan Murdoch]], [[Gerry Cardinale]]
|-
|COO|| Jake Lush McCrum
|-
|CEO|| Mike Fordham
|-
| Team Manager|| Romi Bhinder
|-
|Brand ambassador and mentor|| [[Shane Warne]]
|-
|Director of Cricket|| [[Kumar Sangakkara]]
|-
| Assistant coach|| [[Trevor Penney]]
|-
| Development and performance director || [[Zubin Bharucha]]
|-
| Batting coach|| [[Amol Mazumdar]]
|-
| Spin bowling coach|| [[Sairaj Bahutule]]
|-
|Team Liaison and spin bowling consultant|| [[Ish Sodhi]]
|-
| Fast bowling coach|| [[Rob Cassell]]
|-
| Fast bowling development coach|| [[Steffan Jones]]
|-
| Fielding coach|| [[Dishant Yagnik]]
|-
|Physiotherapist|| [[John Gloster]]
|-
| Strength and conditioning coach|| Rajamani Prabhu
|-
| Team doctor|| Rob Young
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"| Source:
|}

==Kit manufacturers and sponsors ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! Kit manufacturer
! Shirt sponsor (chest)
! Shirt sponsor (back)
! Chest Branding
|-
|Alcis Sports
|[[Expo 2020]]
|[[Balkrishna Industries|BKT Tyres]]
|KEI
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source :[https://www.rajasthanroyals.com/sponsors RR Sponsors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301151259/https://www.rajasthanroyals.com/sponsors |date=1 March 2022 }}
|}
{{col-2}}
|{{Cricket uniform
| pattern_la = _pinkborder
| pattern_b = _upper_blue2
| pattern_ra = _pinkborder
| pattern_sh =
| pattern_so =
| leftarm = 0000FF
| body = FF70B5
| rightarm = 0000FF
| pants = FF70B5
| title = T20 uniform
}}
{{col-end}}

==Teams and standings==
=== Results by match ===
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header=Round
|label2= Result
| res2=
L/W/L/L/W/L/W/W/L/L/L/W/L/L

|label3= Position
| pos3=
6/5/6/8/6/7/5/5/6/6/7/6/7/7

| color_W = green2|text_W=Win
| color_NR = yellow2|text_NR=No Result
| color_L = red2|text_L=Loss
| color_1-2=green1| color_3-4=#ffc
| source = Fixtures
}}

=== League table 2021 ===
{{2021 Indian Premier League Points table|showteam=RR}}

==League stage==
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}
The full schedule was published on the IPL website on 7 March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BCCI announces schedule for VIVO IPL 2021|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/228478/bcci-announces-schedule-for-vivo-ipl-2021|access-date=2021-04-01|website=www.iplt20.com|language=en}}</ref>
{{main|2021 Indian Premier League #League stage}}

=== Matches ===
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match4}}
----
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match7}}
----
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match12}}
----
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match16}}
----
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match18}}
----
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match24}}
----
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match28}}
----
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match32}}
----
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match36}}
----
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match40}}
----
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match43}}
----
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match47}}
----
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match51}}
----
{{#section:2021 Indian Premier League|match54}}

==Statistics==

===Most runs===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Match
! Inns
! NO
! Runs
! HS
! Ave.
! BF
! SR
! 100s
! 50s
! 0
! 4s
! 6s
|-
| 1 ||[[Sanju Samson]] || 7 || 7 || 1
! 277
|| 119 || 46.16 || 190 || 145.78 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 26 || 11
|-
| 2 ||[[Jos Buttler]]|| 7 || 7 || 0
! 254
|| 124 || 36.28 || 166 || 153.01 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 27 || 13
|-
| 3 ||[[Shivam Dube]]|| 6
|| 6 || 0
! 145
|| 46 || 24.16 || 123 || 117.88 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 14 || 5
|-
| 4 ||[[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]]|| 6 || 6 || 3
! 102
|| 62 || 34.00 || 80 || 127.50 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 11 || 3
|-
| 5 ||[[Rahul Tewatia]]|| 7
|| 5 || 0
! 86
|| 40 || 17.20 || 67 || 128.35 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 6 || 4
|}
* '''Source: '''Cricinfo<ref>{{Cite web|title=RR Most runs in IPL 2021|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=6&id=2021&team=4345&type=year|access-date=2 May 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

=== Most Wickets ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Match
! Inns
! Overs
! Maidens
! Runs
! Wickets
! BBI
! Ave.
! Eco.
! SR
! 4
! 5
|-
| 1 ||[[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]]|| 11 || 11 || 41.0 || 0 || 376
! 15
|| 4/23 || 25.06 || 9.17 || 16.4 || 1 || 0
|-
| 2 ||[[Mustafizur Rahman]]|| 14 || 14 || 51.1 || 0 || 436
! 14
|| 3/20 || 31.14 || 8.41 || 22.21 || 0 || 0
|-
| 2 ||[[Chetan Sakariya]]|| 14 || 14 || 52.0 || 0 || 426
! 14
|| 3/31 || 30.42 || 8.19 || 22.28 || 0 || 0
|-
| 4 ||[[Rahul Tewatia]]|| 14 || 13 || 37.0 || 0 || 340
! 8
|| 3/39 || 42.50 || 9.18 || 27.75 || 0 || 0
|-
| 5 ||[[Jaydev Unadkat]]|| 6 || 6 || 22.0 || 0 || 168
! 4
|| 3/15 || 42.00 || 7.63 || 33.00 || 0 || 0
|}
* '''Source: '''Cricinfo<ref>{{Cite web|title=RR Most runs in IPL 2021|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=6&id=2021&team=4345&type=year|access-date=2 May 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==Player of the match awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable" text-align: center;"
|-
! No.
! Date
! Player
! Opponent
! Result
! Contribution
! Ref.
|-
| 1 || {{dts|1=2021|2=4|3=12|format=dmy}} ||[[Sanju Samson]] || [[Punjab Kings]] || Lost by 4 runs || 119 (63) ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Punjab Kings snatch thrilling victory as KL Rahul 91 trumps Sanju Samson 119|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2021-1249214/rajasthan-royals-vs-punjab-kings-4th-match-1254061/match-report|access-date=12 April 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || {{dts|1=2021|2=4|3=15|format=dmy}} ||[[Jaydev Unadkat]] || [[Delhi Capitals]] || Won by 3 wickets || 11[[Not out|*]] (7) & 3/15 (4 overs) ||<ref>{{Cite web|title=David Miller and Chris Morris haul Rajasthan Royals home in tense chase|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2021-1249214/rajasthan-royals-vs-delhi-capitals-7th-match-1254064/match-report|access-date=15 April 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|3
|24 April 2021
|[[Chris Morris (cricketer)|Chris Morris]]
|[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|Won by 6 wickets
|4/23 (4 overs)
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chris Morris, Sanju Samson take Rajasthan Royals to convincing win|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2021-1249214/rajasthan-royals-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-18th-match-1254075/match-report|access-date=26 April 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|4
|2 May 2021
|[[Jos Buttler]]
|[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|Won by 55 runs
|124 (64)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2021-1249214/rajasthan-royals-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-28th-match-1254085/match-report|title=Jos Buttler's 64-ball 124 set up big Rajasthan Royals win|access-date=2 May 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{2021 Indian Premier League}}
{{Rajasthan Royals}}

[[Category:2021 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Rajasthan Royals seasons]]
[[Category:2020s in Rajasthan]]

Onkar Nath (disambiguation)

2025-03-09T20:16:03Z

Samantahfp: Starting A Data Nd Citations

'''Onkar Nath ''' or '''Onkarnath''' is an Indian name and may refer to

*[[Onkar Nath]], Indian politician.
*[[Onkar Nath Srivastava]], Indian material physicist.
*[[Onkarnath Baranwal]], Indian politician
*[[Omkarnath Thakur|Onkarnath Thakur]], Indian singer.
*[[Jeevan (Hindi actor)]], born as Omkar Nath Dhar.

{{Disambiguation}}

Welcome to the Jungle (2024 film)

2025-02-11T16:57:34Z

Samantahfp: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Welcome (film series)#Welcome to the Jungle]]
{{R to section}}

Srinibash Udgata

2024-12-29T17:52:01Z

Samantahfp:

{{Short description|Indian writer, translator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = '''Srinivas Udgata'''
| image = SrinivasUdgata.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Padma Shri Srinivas Udgata
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1935|01|06}}
| birth_place = [[Balangir]], [[Orissa]], British India
| death_date = 
| resting_place =
| occupation = Writer, Poet, Painter
| language = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| nationality = Indian
| ethnicity =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notable works =
| spouse = Saudamini Udgata
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]](2008), Sarala Award(2002), Bidhubhusan Guru Smruti Samman(2022), Sahitya Bharati Samman(2023), Atibadi Jagannath Das Puraskar(2023)
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| portaldisp =
}}
'''Srinivas Udgata''' (born 6 January 1935), is a poet, story and drama writer, painter, novelist and translator from [[Odisha]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kosal.org/balangir/ |title=Balangir at a Glance |publisher=Kosal |access-date=4 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://orissadiary.com/personality/writer/SRINIVASUDGATA%20.asp |title=Srinivas Udgata |publisher=Orissadiary.com |date=6 January 1935 |access-date=4 June 2012}}</ref>

==List of works==

===Books===
* Purnima
* Parbati
* Dibya Purusha
* Kipari Kahibi Mu
* Ranipadra O' Anyanya Kahani
* Chhada Anchala Mahabahu
* Sei Subasita Atmati
* Khali Tharute
* Rutam (Collection of Poems)

===Novels===
* Nila Nayana Tale
* Kanta
* Sesha Ratrira Prathama Sakala
* Shilara Sapana
* Ahira Bhairaba
* Byaghrarohan
* Sesha Chitau
* Bhari Kathina se preeti paliba

==Awards and recognitions==
He was awarded [[Padma Shri Awards (2000–2009)|Padma Shri award]] in 2008 by the president of India in 2008 for Literature and Education.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | access-date=July 21, 2015}}</ref> He received the Jhankar Award in 1974.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orissadiary.com/personality/writer/SRINIBASHUDGATA%20.asp |title=SRINIBASH UDGATA |website=orissadiary.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023085858/http://orissadiary.com/personality/writer/SRINIBASHUDGATA%20.asp |archive-date=2006-10-23}} </ref> In 2002 he received Bharati Bharati Award for his poetry from the Hindi Sahitya Sanstha of Uttar Pradesh. Besides these awards, he has also received the Sarala Award in 2002, Sarala Samman in 2002 and Acharya Vidyasagar Samman from Calcutta. He was honored with Bidhubhusan Guru Smruti Samman in 2022 by Bidhubhusan Guru Smruti Parishad. He received his D.Litt. from [[Sambalpur University]]. The title "Vidyavachaspati" awarded by Prayag Sahitya Sammelan, Allahabad, Award from Kendriya Sahitya Akademi, U.P. Hindi Sahitya Sansthan, Lucknow- Souhardya Samman etc. He was president of Orissa Sahitya Akademi<ref>gymkhana.iitb.ac.in/~cultural/music/Brochure%20updated.pdf</ref> from 1994 to 1997. He is continuing as president of Atmaprakashani (A Writers' Association). He has been awarded & honored by more than 100 organisations in India.{{CN|date=November 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Padma Award winners of Odisha}}

{{authority control}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Udgata, Srinivas}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Odia-language writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:People from Balangir]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Novelists from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Kumkum Chatterjee

2024-10-16T21:46:00Z

Samantahfp: made a entry

{{Short description|Indian American historian}}

'''Kumkum Chatterjee''' (née '''Banerjee'''; 12 June 1958, in [[Kolkata]] – 13 December 2012, in [[State College, Pennsylvania]]) was an Indian American historian, best known for her works ''Europe Observed: Multiple Gazes in Early Modern Encounters'' (2008) and ''The Cultures of History in Early Modern India'' (2009). She was professor of history and [[Asian studies]] at [[Pennsylvania State University]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Mrinalini |title=Kumkum Chatterjee (1958–2012) |url=https://www.historians.org/research-and-publications/perspectives-on-history/april-2013/in-memoriam-kumkum-chaterjee |access-date=13 March 2023 |work=Perspectives on History |date=1 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=PASSING AWAY BEFORE HER TIME |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/passing-away-before-her-time/cid/347133 |access-date=13 March 2023 |work=Telegraph India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Obituary of Kumkum Chatterjee |url=https://kochfuneralhome.com/tribute/details/458/Kumkum-Chatterjee/obituary.html |website=Koch Funeral Home |access-date=13 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Remembering Kumkum Chatterjee |url=https://www.chapatimystery.com/archives/remembering_kumkum_chatterjee.html |access-date=13 March 2023 |work=Chapati Mystery |date=21 October 2013}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chatterjee, Kumkum}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
{{India-historian-stub}}