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Jason Shah

2026-05-08T15:11:18Z

Saileshchauhan:

{{short description|British actor and fitness model (born 1987)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Jason Shah
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| occupation = Actor, model
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|12|14}}
| birth_place = [[Ireland]]
| years_active = 2007–present
}}
'''Jason Shah''' (born 14 December 1987<ref name=":0" />) is a British actor and fitness model. He has participated in the 10th season of the Indian reality TV show [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|''Bigg Boss'']] as a wildcard entrant, and played Captain Hugh Ross in [[Jhansi Ki Rani (2019 TV series)|''Jhansi Ki Rani'']] on [[Colors TV]]. He also played the role of Sir John Greenwood in ''[[Barrister Babu]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Q&A with Jason Shah|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/qa-with-jason-shah-733992|access-date=2020-11-19|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jason Shah makes his Tamil debut as British officer's son in '1947' |url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/regional/south/jason-shah-makes-his-tamil-debut-british-officers-son-1947-220513 |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=Jason Shah To Tamil Debut With Movie '1947' |url=https://www.glamsham.com/regional/regional-news/jason-shah-to-tamil-debut-with-movie-1947 |access-date=2022-09-09 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Recently was featured in [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] directed [[Netflix]] [[Heeramandi|series Heeramandi]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Jason Shah on Sharmin Segal's performance in Heeramandi: Sanjay Leela Bhansali kept telling her to act from the heart |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jason-shah-on-sharmin-segal-performance-in-heeramandi-sanjay-leela-bhansali-kept-telling-her-to-act-from-the-heart-101716376391911.html |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Shah was born to a British mother and an American father. His mother remarried an Indian man of [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] origin. He attended [[New York Film Academy]] and graduated from the [[University of Memphis]].<ref name=":0" /> He was featured in the 2007 film ''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]'', played the groom of [[Katrina Kaif]] in the "Dupatta Tera Nau Rang Da" music video,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-contestant-Jason-Shah-has-shared-screen-space-with-Salman-Khan-in-this-film/articleshow/55850324.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10 contestant Jason Shah has shared screen space with Salman Khan in this film|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2017-05-14}}</ref> and starred in an ad for [[Van Heusen (brand)|Van Heusen]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://biggboss10.com/jason-shah/|title=Jason Shah Biography, Wiki, Age, Height, Girlfriend & Images [BB10 Wild Card] {{!}} Bigg Boss 10|website=[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|Bigg Boss 10]]|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-14}}</ref> He made his [[Bollywood]] debut in the 2016 film ''[[Fitoor]]'', which featured [[Aditya Roy Kapoor]] and [[Katrina Kaif]] in the lead roles.

Shah participated in the Indian reality show [[Bigg Boss|''Bigg Boss 10'']] as a wild card entrant.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Wild-card-entry-Jason-Shah-featured-in-this-Bollywood-film/articleshow/55682519.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10: Wild card entry Jason Shah featured in this Bollywood film|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2017-05-14}}</ref> He faced criticism in the news for alleging that his [[Bollywood]] career was cut short by [[Katrina Kaif]], telling fellow contestants that it was Kaif's fault that he went unnoticed in ''Fitoor'', stating that his cameo was cut short as a result of Kaif wanting to re-shoot her opening scenes in the movie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bigg-boss-10-jason-shah-makes-a-shocking-revelation-about-katrina-kaif-2280302|title=Bigg Boss 10: Jason Shah makes a shocking revelation about Katrina Kaif!|date=6 December 2016|publisher=}}</ref>

He currently{{when|date=May 2024}} resides in [[Mumbai|Mumbai, India]].

==Filmography==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Notes
|-
|2007
|''[[Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]''
|Groom
| rowspan="3" |[[Hindi]]
| rowspan="2" |Uncredited role
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Fitoor]]''
|Cameo
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Thugs of Hindostan]]''
| [[East India Company]] Officer
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2023
| ''[[August 16 1947]]''
| Justin
| rowspan="2"|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
| ''[[Conjuring Kannappan]]''
| Soldier William
|
|-
| ''[[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire]]''
| Consignment owner
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2024
| ''[[Mission: Chapter 1]]''
| Supervising Officer Neil Johnson
| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Jigra]]''
| Matthew
| Hindi
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Jana Nayagan]]''
|TBA
|Tamil
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 10|Bigg Boss 10]]''
| Wild Card Contestant
| 13th place
|-
| 2018
|''[[Chandrashekhar (TV series)|Chandrashekhar]]''
| [[John Nott-Bower]]
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Khoob Ladi Mardaani – Jhansi Ki Rani]]''
| [[Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn]]
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Barrister Babu]]''
| Officer Sir John Greenwood
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Swaraj (TV series)|Swaraj]]''
| [[Vasco da Gama|Vasco Da Gama]]
|
|-
| 2024
|''[[Heeramandi|Heeramandi: The Diamond Bazaar]]''
| Alastair Cartwright
| [[Netflix]] series
|-
| 2026
| ''[[The Revolutionaries (TV series)|The Revolutionaries]]''
| {{TableTBA}}
| [[Amazon Prime Video]] series<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/who-is-jason-shah-heeramandis-bad-cop-now-part-of-the-revolutionaries-9441154.html |title=Who is Jason Shah? Heeramandi's 'Bad Cop' Now Part of The Revolutionaries |website=News18 |date=10 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025}}</ref>
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year 2024
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Dev DD]]''
| Philip
|
|-
| 2020
| ''State of Siege: 26/11''<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Arjan Bajwa: ''State Of Siege: 26/11'' took the best out of me|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/arjan-bajwa-state-of-siege-2611-took-the-best-out-of-me/1756403|access-date=2021-01-25|website=Outlookindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-16|title=ZEE5's State of Siege: 26/11 uncovers the untold stories during the dreadful Mumbai attacks|url=https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5s-state-of-siege-26-11-uncovers-the-untold-stories-during-the-dreadful-mumbai-attacks/|access-date=2021-01-25|website=The Digital Hash|language=en-US|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124065210/https://www.thedigitalhash.com/zee5s-state-of-siege-26-11-uncovers-the-untold-stories-during-the-dreadful-mumbai-attacks/|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Dev DD|Dev DD 2]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=Tellychakkar|title=Jason Shah roped in for ALTBalaji's Dev DD season 2|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/jason-shah-roped-altbalaji-s-dev-dd-season-2-190116|access-date=2021-06-07|website=Tellychakkar.com|language=en}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| 2024
|''[[Heeramandi]]''
| Cartwright
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|8622854|Jason Shah}}
{{Bigg Boss 10}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Jason}}
[[Category:British male models]]
[[Category:Indian male models]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Fitness models]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:British expatriate actors in India]]
[[Category:Expatriate male actors in India]]
[[Category:British people of American descent]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]

Pudukkottai Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T04:31:37Z

Saileshchauhan: starting a data

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 180
| map_image = Constitution-Pudukkottai.svg

| established = 1951
| district = [[Pudukottai district|Pudukottai]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruchirappalli]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| mla = [[V. Muthuraja]]
| latest_election_year = 2026
| name = Pudukkottai
| electors = 225,944
| reservation = None
}}

'''Pudukottai''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below. An election was not held in year 1957. It comes under [[Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency]] for Parliament elections.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3473-tamil-nadu-general-legislative-election-2016/ |title=Tamil Nadu General Legislative Election 2016 - Tamil Nadu - Election Commission of India |access-date=22 July 2020 |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127134040/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3473-tamil-nadu-general-legislative-election-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[Balakrishnan (Pudukkottai MLA)|Balakrishnan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party}}
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[A. Thiagarajan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[Rajakumar Vijaya Raghunatha Thondaiman]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[M. Sathiyamurthy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan=2| [[Rajakumar Vijaya Raghunatha Thondaiman]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (I)}}
| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| [[J. Mohammad Gani]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[A. Periannan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| [[C. Swaminathan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| A. Periannan
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 1997*
| P. Mari Ayya
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[Dr. C. Vijayabaskar]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[R. Nedunchezhiyan]]
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[S. P. Muthukumaran]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| 2012*
| [[V. R. Karthik Thondaiman]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[Periyannan Arasu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[V. Muthuraja]]
|-
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| [[V. Muthuraja]]
|}

* ''By-elections were held on the account of vacancy due to the demise of the sitting MLA.''

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|47.70}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|39.19}}
{{bar percent|[[#2012 by-election|2012 by-election]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|71.16}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|46.78}}
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|42.18}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.96}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.66}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|66.44}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|36.24}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|62.37}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|49.71}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|42.74}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|46.80}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|62.07}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|64.97}}
{{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party}}|52.53}}

}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. Muthuraja]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Ramachandran|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ezhilarasi |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= K. M. Shareef |party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,23,928|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{cite web|title=Pudukkottai Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a180|access-date= 12 Jun 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. Muthuraja]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=85,802 |percentage=47.70% |change=+8.5 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. R. Karthik Thondaiman]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=72,801 |percentage=40.47% |change=+2.5 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sasikumar |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=11,503 |percentage=6.39% |change=+5.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Moorthy |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=3,948 |percentage=2.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Subramanian |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=1,873 |percentage=1.04% |change=-3.55 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,001 |percentage=7.23% |change= 6.00% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=179,892 |percentage=73.72% |change= -1.03% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=114|percentage=0.06% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 244,029 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 8.50% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Periyannan Arassu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=66,739 |percentage=39.19% |change=-5.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. R. Karthik Thondaiman]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,655 |percentage=37.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Chokkalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=22,973 |percentage=13.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jahir Hussain |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=7,810 |percentage=4.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,637 |percentage=0.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Arunmozhichozhan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=1,625 |percentage=0.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Kumar |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=1,061 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Radhakrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=913 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,084 |percentage=1.22% |change= -0.99% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=170,282 |percentage=74.75% |change= -4.14% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 227,802 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -7.58% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2012 by-election===

{{Election box begin | title=Bye-election, 2012: Pudukkottai}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate =[[V. R. Karthik Thondaiman]]
|votes =0
|percentage = 0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
|candidate =Jahir Hussain. N.
|votes =40000
|percentage = 88.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi
|candidate =Srinivasan N
|votes = 4,495

|percentage = 3.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Manithaneya Makkal Katchi
|candidate =Arivalagan
|votes =1,370
|percentage =0.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes =71,498
|percentage = 49.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,43,346
|percentage = 73.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser =Communist Party of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. P. Muthukumaran]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=65,466 |percentage=46.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Periyannan Arassu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=62,365 |percentage=44.56% |change=+3.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Srinivasan |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=4,098 |percentage=2.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Bharathan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,901 |percentage=2.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pala. Selvam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,748 |percentage=1.25% |change=-7.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Ravi |party=Independent politician |votes=832 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Sevanthilingam |party=Independent politician |votes=750 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,101 |percentage=2.22% |change= 0.94% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=139,957 |percentage=78.89% |change= 3.40% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 177,413 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 4.60% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. Nedunchezhian |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,319 |percentage=42.18% |change=-11.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Jaffarali |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=62,369 |percentage=40.90% |change=+6.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Durai Dhiviyanathan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,559 |percentage=8.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Javaheer |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=6,880 |percentage=4.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Arumugam |party=TNJC |votes=837 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Vijayakumar |party=Independent politician |votes=811 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Vetriselvam |party=Independent politician |votes=770 |percentage=0.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,950 |percentage=1.28% |change= -18.31% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=152,502 |percentage=75.49% |change= 10.67% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 202,027 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -11.78% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Dr. C. Vijayabasker]]|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=77,627 |percentage=53.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Periyannan Arasu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=49,444 |percentage=34.37% |change=-22.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kaliyamoorthy |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=10,702 |percentage=7.44% |change=-2.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kasi Viduthalaikkumaran |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation |votes=2,199 |percentage=1.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Vijayabaskar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,435 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Palanisamy |party=Independent politician |votes=960 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=28,183 |percentage=19.59% |change= -11.01% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=143,864 |percentage=64.82% |change= -8.50% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 221,966 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -2.70% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Periannan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=79,205 |percentage=56.66% |change=+25.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. C. Swaminathan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=36,422 |percentage=26.05% |change=-40.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. N. Mani |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=14,165 |percentage=10.13% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Shariff |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=2,244 |percentage=1.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. R. Subbiah |party=Independent politician |votes=2,234 |percentage=1.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Ravi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,348 |percentage=0.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Balakrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=978 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=42,783 |percentage=30.60% |change= -4.47% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=139,794 |percentage=73.31% |change= 4.44% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 199,005 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -9.78% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=C. Swaminathan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=82,205 |percentage=66.44% |change=+46.91 }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=V. N. Mani |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,806 |percentage=31.36% |change=-4.87 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=43,399 |percentage=35.08% |change= 19.73% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=123,728 |percentage=68.87% |change= -9.84% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 183,488 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 30.20% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Periannan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=45,534 |percentage=36.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Erama Veerappan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,254 |percentage=20.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Chellathurai |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,703 |percentage=20.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Mohamed Gani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,536 |percentage=19.53% |change=-42.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Saminathan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,836 |percentage=1.46% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,280 |percentage=15.34% |change= -21.43% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=125,661 |percentage=78.71% |change= 0.52% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 162,152 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -26.13% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=J. Mohamed Gani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=63,877 |percentage=62.37% |change=+12.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. R. Subbiah |party=Communist Party of India |votes=26,214 |percentage=25.60% |change=-22.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Chelladhuri |party=Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) |votes=7,354 |percentage=7.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Sundaravel Udayar |party=Independent politician |votes=3,018 |percentage=2.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Samiaiah Kadavarar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,023 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Lakshmanan |party=Independent politician |votes=690 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=37,663 |percentage=36.77% |change= 35.45% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=102,418 |percentage=78.19% |change= 4.12% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 137,340 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 12.66% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Rajakumar Vijaya Raghunatha Thondaiman]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=47,660 |percentage=49.71% |change=+6.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. R. Subbiah |party=Communist Party of India |votes=46,387 |percentage=48.38% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Chidambaram |party=Independent politician |votes=708 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Kuttayan |party=Independent politician |votes=700 |percentage=0.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,273 |percentage=1.33% |change= -18.69% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=95,877 |percentage=74.07% |change= 5.25% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 130,814 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 6.97% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Rajakumar Vijaya Raghunatha Thondaiman]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=36,406 |percentage=42.74% |change=-4.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Anbarasan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=19,352 |percentage=22.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Chindambaram |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=19,217 |percentage=22.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Karuppiah Udayar |party=Janata Party |votes=8,175 |percentage=9.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Muthukrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,103 |percentage=1.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Uthrapathy |party=Independent politician |votes=937 |percentage=1.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,054 |percentage=20.02% |change= 18.28% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=85,190 |percentage=68.82% |change= -7.19% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 125,055 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -4.07% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=M. Sathiamoorthy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=34,680 |percentage=46.80% |change=-15.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. R. Subbaiah |party=Communist Party of India |votes=33,393 |percentage=45.07% |change=+41.7 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Jeyaraj |party=Independent politician |votes=4,996 |percentage=6.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Chidambaram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,026 |percentage=1.38% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,287 |percentage=1.74% |change= -25.76% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=74,095 |percentage=76.01% |change= -7.03% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 103,655 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -15.26% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Rajakumar Vijaya Raghunatha Thondaiman]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=45,342 |percentage=62.07% |change=+27.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thiagarajan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,255 |percentage=34.57% |change=-30.4 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rengasamy |party=Communist Party of India |votes=2,458 |percentage=3.36% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,087 |percentage=27.50% |change= -2.45% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=73,055 |percentage=83.03% |change= 16.20% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 91,205 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -2.91% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Thiagarajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,563 |percentage=64.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Arunachala Thevar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,252 |percentage=35.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,311 |percentage=29.94% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,815 |percentage=66.83% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,173 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Pudukkottai<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1951| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf| access-date=2014-10-14|archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Balakrishnan |party=Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party |votes=22,954 |percentage=52.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Natesan Ambalakarar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,756 |percentage=29.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sivaswami Servai |party=Independent politician |votes=4,364 |percentage=9.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Palaniyandi |party=Independent politician |votes=2,375 |percentage=5.43% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. R. Vythianatha Ayyar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,250 |percentage=2.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,198 |percentage=23.34% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=43,699 |percentage=53.68% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,414 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|10.38|N|78.82|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Pudukkottai district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

St. Mary's Convent School, Ujjain

2026-05-03T13:19:00Z

Saileshchauhan: Made First Pg W/ Refs!

{{Short description|Convent school in India}}{{More citations needed|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{coord|23.1772545|75.7828188|display=title}}
'''St. Mary's Convent School''' is a [[co-ed]] [[day school]] in [[Ujjain]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India, providing public school education up to the senior secondary level (Class 12), which started in 1964.

The institution is administered and run by the [[Franciscan]] Sisters of St. Mary of the Angels (FSMA), a religious charitable institute which has established several schools in the country. The school is affiliated with the highly recognized [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE).

== History ==

St. Mary's Convent Senior Secondary School [[Ujjain]] is run by the Franciscan Sisters of St. Mary of the Angels (F.S.M.A), a religious congregation dates back to 8 July 1964. Three young enthusiastic and zealous pioneers arrived at Ujjain to open an English Medium School in response to the demand of the local population and Mr. Tickoo, the then Collector of Ujjain.

The school started officially functioning in August 1964 in a rented building at [[Freeganj]] with about 150 students on the roll. In the year 1966, the school was shifted to its present building. In the 51 years of its operation, thousands of students have joyously spent their best years here. Today, it has more than 2000 students enrolled.

The school currently operates at four levels of education:

* Pre-primary: Classes Nursery, LKG and UKG
* Primary: Classes 1 to 5
* Secondary (Juniors): Classes 6-8
* Secondary (Seniors): Classes 9-12 (includes Senior Secondary (Classes 11 and 12))

== Notable alumni ==
*[[Saumya Tandon]] - actress and presenter<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saumya Tandon’s Biography|url=https://www.mynation.com/biography/saumya-tandon-biography-iwh-s0vbdx|website=MyNation|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en|last=|last2=|last3=|last4=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Saumya Tandon's Breathtaking Gaze In Sequin Lehengas|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/saumya-tandons-breathtaking-gaze-in-sequin-lehengas/2022/10/02|website=IWMBuzz|date=2022-10-02|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
* {{official|http://www.stmarysujjain.in}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Mary's Convent School Ujjain}}
[[Category:Franciscan high schools]]
[[Category:Christian schools in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Education in Ujjain]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1964]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Save Urdu Movement

2026-04-29T07:39:19Z

Saileshchauhan: created new stub...

{{Orphan|date=October 2017}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
'''Save Urdu Movement''' ({{langx|ur|اردو بچاؤ تحریک}}) is a movement found in both [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. In India, it is represented by the statewide units in different states of that country. In Pakistan, the movement is dedicated to ensure that [[Urdu]] is protected in [[Pakistan]] as its national language. It has especially argued for safeguarding Urdu education in schools.

==India==
===Save Urdu Movement and Indira Gandhi===
Former [[India]]n [[Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]] had a long and fruitful association with the representatives of the Save Urdu Movement. They had frequent access to her and she tried address some of their grievances related to [[Urdu]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tGVBAgAAQBAJ&q=%22save+urdu%22&pg=PT138 | title=Google Books - Lifting the Veil | isbn=9789351184515 | accessdate=23 April 2014| last1=Chughati | first1=Ismat | date=12 September 2001 }}</ref>

===Role of Save Urdu Movement in highlighting Problems of Urdu in India===
This organisation has pointed out that partisan treatment is being meted out to [[Urdu]] language in many states of [[India]]. One such glaring example highlighted is that in spite of the status of official language in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Urdu]] is now totally absent from government offices. There are now too few schools in the state where [[Urdu]] teaching has remained intact because [[Urdu]] teachers had not been inducted in for 14 years. All this information was furnished in a 2008 press statement issued by Irshad Ahmad, the general secretary of the state unit of ‘Urdu Bachao Tahreek’ (Save Urdu Movement) in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://twocircles.net/2008jun25/urdu_second_official_language_absent_offices.html | title=Urdu, second official language, absent from offices | accessdate=23 April 2014}}</ref>

==Pakistan==
===Rift with the Sindh Government===
This organisation particularly had a problematic time in Sindh where the provincial government tried to promote [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] over Urdu. One such scheme introduced by the Sindh Government of the ''Sindhi Salees'' scheme to promote Sindhi as a compulsory subject by slashing a 100-mark paper of Urdu taught to the students in Class XI. Save Urdu Movement argued that efforts should be made to teach Urdu and Sindhi to the students at schools in a meaningful way with a spirit to enable the students to understand significantly the language and its uses in the daily life, and the government should not try to impose Sindhi or Urdu teaching as a compulsory subject on the students at the intermediate level.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/162751/karachi-teachers-oppose-decision-on-language-subject | title=Home Newspaper Karachi KARACHI: Teachers oppose decision on language subject | publisher=Dawn Newspaper | access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Urdu]]
[[Category:Education in India]]
[[Category:Education in Pakistan]]

Zorawar Singh (Dogra general)

2026-04-25T07:15:23Z

Saileshchauhan: Made The Bio Added Tags

{{Short description|General of the Sikh Empire (1784–1841)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Zorawar Singh
| image = Zorawar-Singh-Kahluria-338x250.jpg
| caption = 300 [[Indian paisa|paisa]] General Zorawar Singh postal stamp released by Government of India on December 31, 2000.
| birth_date = {{birth-date|1784}}
| death_date = {{death-date and age|12 December 1842
|1784}}
| birth_place = Beri Darol, [[Kahlur]] (present-day [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]])
| death_place = [[Tibet]], [[Qing Dynasty ]]
| allegiance = [[Gulab Singh]] of [[Jammu]]<ref name="Schofield2000">{{citation|last=Schofield|first=Victoria|title=Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkTetMfI6QkC&pg=PA7|year=2000|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-86064-898-4|pages=7–}}</ref><ref name="Snedden2015">{{citation|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5KMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-1-84904-342-7|pages=121–|quote=and the Ladakh area made by Gulab Singh's General Zorawar Singh in the 1830s-40s.}}</ref>
| relations = [[Bhim Singh (politician)|Bhim Singh]] (great-grandson)
{{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| allegiance =
[[File:Sikh Empire flag.svg|20px]] [[Sikh Empire]]
| branch = [[Sikh Khalsa Army]] 
[[Dogra Dynasty]]
| rank = ''Wazir''
| battles = *[[Dogra–Tibetan war]]
*[[Dogra invasion of Baltistan]]
*[[Dogra invasion of Ladakh]]
}}
}}

'''Zorawar Singh''' (1784–12 December 1841) was a military general of the [[Dogra dynasty|Dogra]] Rajput ruler, [[Gulab Singh]], who served as the Raja of [[Jammu]] under the [[Sikh Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Sanjeev Kumar Bhasin |title=Amazing Land Ladakh: Places, People, and Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8IZloNzI8BgC&pg=PA55 |year=2006 |publisher=Indus |isbn=978-81-7387-186-3 |pages=55–56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=John Keay |title=India: A History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IquM4BrJ4YC&pg=PT664 |year=2011 |publisher=Open Road + Grove/Atlantic |isbn=978-0-8021-9550-0 |page=664}}</ref> He was born in the [[Kahlur|Chandel Rajput family]] in the princely state of [[Kahlur]] (Bilaspur, state of [[Chandel (Rajput clan)|Chandels]]), in present-day [[Himachal Pradesh]], hence known as Kahluria.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sukh Dev Singh Charak |title=General Zorawar Singh |url=https://archive.org/details/generalzorawarsi00char |year=1983 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |page=[https://archive.org/details/generalzorawarsi00char/page/14 14] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Archer |first=William George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BInuAAAAMAAJ&q=kahluria+chandel |title=Indian Paintings from the Punjab Hills: Text |date=1973 |publisher=Sotheby Parke Bernet |isbn=978-0-85667-002-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Commissioner |first=India Census |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dRtYAAAAYAAJ&dq=kahluria+chandel&pg=PA318 |title=Census of India, 1901 |date=1902 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Ahsan Raza |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shAdAAAAMAAJ&q=kahlur+chandel |title=Chieftains in the Mughal Empire During the Reign of Akbar |date=1977 |publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study |isbn=978-0-89684-376-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brentnall |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&dq=kahlur+chandel&pg=PA50 |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh |date=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-163-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Khushwant Singh |title=Ranjit Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D068dKeyGW4C&pg=PR14 |date=27 September 2008 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-306543-2 |page=14 |quote="And a couple of years later Zorawar Singh, a Dogra Hindu, planted the Sikh flag in the heart of Tibet."}}</ref> He served as the governor (''wazir-e-wazarat'') of [[Kishtwar]] and extended the territories of the kingdom by conquering [[Ladakh]] and [[Baltistan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-renovates-zorawar-fort-in-leh/articleshow/1987796.cms|title=Army renovates Zorawar Fort in Leh|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 September 2006 }}</ref> He also attempted to conquer the Western Tibet (''Ngari Khorsum'') but was killed in battle of To-yo during the [[Dogra-Tibetan War|Dogra-Tibetan war]]. Due to his role in the conquests in the [[Himalayas|Himalaya Mountains]] Zorawar Singh has been referred to as the "Conqueror of Ladakh".<ref name="google190">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Shiv |title=India - A Travel Guide |url= https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8128400673 |year=2008 |publisher= Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. |location= India |isbn= 978-8128400674 |page=190 }}</ref><ref name="google304">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Harbakhs |title=War Despatches: Indo-Pak Conflict 1965 |url= https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1935501291 |year=2010 |publisher=Lancer International, Lancer Press |location= India |isbn= 978-1935501299 |page=304 }}</ref>

==Early life and career==
He was born in September 1784 in a [[Hindu]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goswamy |first=Karuna |title=Kashmiri painting : assimilation and diffusion : production and patronage |date=1998 |publisher=Indian Institute of Advance Study |others=Indian Institute of Advanced Study |isbn=81-7305-160-7 |location=Shimla |pages=90 |oclc=40783274}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Āhalūwālīā |first1=Jasabīra Siṅgha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wnhuAAAAMAAJ |title=An Overview of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and His Times |last2=Singh |first2=Parm Bakhshish |date=2001 |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University |isbn=978-81-7380-788-6 |pages=116 |language=en}}</ref> [[Kahlur|Chandel Rajput family]] in the princely state of [[Kahlur]] (Bilaspur, of [[Chandel (Rajput clan)|Chandels]], in present-day [[Himachal Pradesh]], hence known as Kahluria.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sukh Dev Singh Charak |title=General Jorawar Singh |url=https://archive.org/details/generalzorawarsi00char |year=1983 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |page=[https://archive.org/details/generalzorawarsi00char/page/14 14] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Archer |first=William George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BInuAAAAMAAJ&q=kahluria+chandel |title=Indian Paintings from the Punjab Hills: Text |date=1973 |publisher=Sotheby Parke Bernet |isbn=978-0-85667-002-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Commissioner |first=India Census |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dRtYAAAAYAAJ&dq=kahluria+chandel&pg=PA318 |title=Census of India, 1901 |date=1902 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Ahsan Raza |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shAdAAAAMAAJ&q=kahlur+chandel |title=Chieftains in the Mughal Empire During the Reign of Akbar |date=1977 |publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study |isbn=978-0-89684-376-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brentnall |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&dq=kahlur+chandel&pg=PA50 |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh |date=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-163-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Khushwant Singh |title=Ranjit Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D068dKeyGW4C&pg=PR14 |date=27 September 2008 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-306543-2 |page=14 |quote="And a couple of years later Zorawar Singh, a Dogra Hindu, planted the Sikh flag in the heart of Tibet."}}</ref> His family migrated to the Jammu region where, on coming of age, Zorawar took up service under Raja Jaswant Singh of Marmathi (modern [[Doda district|Doda]] district). Zorawar Singh was employed by the ambitious Raja [[Gulab Singh]] of [[Jammu]] and was placed under the commandant of the [[Reasi]] fort ([[Bhimgarh fort]]). While delivering a routine message to the Gulab Singh, Zorawar told him of the financial waste occurring in the fort administration and boldly presented his own scheme to effect savings. Gulab Singh was impressed by Zorawar's sincerity and appointed him commandant of Reasi.<ref name=":2" />

Zorawar Singh fulfilled his task and his grateful ruler made him commissariat officer of all forts north of Jammu. He was later made governor of Kishtwar and was given the title of ''Wazir'' (minister).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = Ladák, physical, statistical, and historical with notices of the surrounding countries|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=s-VAAAAAcAAJ&q=5000|publisher = Allen|date = 1854|first = Alexander|last = Cunningham|pages = 10–19, 333–340, 349–354}}</ref>

Official Records of the Sikh Empire show that Zorawar Singh was in command of his personal battalion of 875 men with a salary of Rs. 7,604 per month.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/CatalogueOfKhalsaDarbarRecordsVol.1CompiledBySitaRamKohli/page/n53/mode/1up?q=zorawar | title=Catalogue of Khalsa Darbar records Vol. 1 Compiled by Sita Ram Kohli | date=March 1919 | publisher=[[Khalsa Darbar records]]}}</ref>

Even though it was a newly conquered region Zorawar had no trouble in keeping the peace; many of the local Rajputs were recruited into his army. In 1835 the nearby region of [[Paddar]] was taken from [[Chamba, Himachal Pradesh|Chamba]] (now in Himachal Pradesh) in the course of a battle. Paddar later became known for its [[sapphire]] [[Mining|mines]]. But this was a mere sideshow to General Zorawar Singh's more famous expeditions, on which he had already embarked in the previous year.

==Ladakh campaigns==
[[File:Zorawerfort.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Zorawar fort in Ladakh. Col. Mehta [[Basti Ram]] was the first ''Qiladar'' (commandant).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bansal|first=Bobby Singh|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jUiwDAAAQBAJ&q=Colonel+Mehta+Basti+Ram&pg=PT231|title=Remnants of the Sikh Empire: Historical Sikh Monuments in India & Pakistan|date=2015-12-01|publisher=Hay House, Inc|isbn=978-93-84544-93-5|location=|pages=|language=en|chapter=10}}</ref>]]
[[File:Fragment from a painted scroll depicting Zorawar Singh of the Sikh Empire's army marching through the mountains of Ladakh.webp|thumb|right|250px|Fragment from a painted scroll depicting Zorawar Singh's army marching through the mountains of Ladakh]]
To the east of Kishtwar and Kashmir are the snow-clad mountains of the upper Himalayas — the rivers of [[Zanskar Gorge]], [[Suru River (Indus)|Suru River]], and [[Dras River|Drass]] rise from these snows, and flow across the plateau of Ladakh into the Indus River. Several petty principalities in this region were tributary to the [[Gyalpo of Ladakh]] (King). In 1834 one of these, the Raja of Timbus, sought Zorawar's help against the Gyalpo. Meanwhile, the Rajput general had been burning to distinguish himself by expanding the territory of Raja Gulab Singh — also at that time, according to the ''Gulabnama'', Kishtwar went through a drought that caused a loss of revenue and forced Zorawar to extract money through war.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Art of Generalship|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uAmqCQAAQBAJ|publisher = Vij Books India Pvt Ltd|date = 2015-05-07|isbn = 9789382652939|first = K. K.|last = Khanna|page = 131}}</ref>

The Rajputs of Jammu and Himachal have traditionally excelled in mountain fighting; therefore Zorawar had no trouble in crossing the mountain ranges and entering Ladakh through the source of the Suru River where his 5000 men defeated an army of local [[Botis]].<ref name=":0" /> After moving to [[Kargil town|Kargil]] and subduing the landlords along the way Zorawar received the submission of the Ladakhis — however Tsepal Namgyal, the Gyalpo (ruler), sent his general Banko Kahlon by a roundabout route to cut off Zorawar's communications. The astute general doubled back to Kartse, where he sheltered his troops through the winter. In the spring of 1835 he defeated the large Ladakhi army of Banko Kahlon and marched his victorious troops towards [[Leh]]. The Gyalpo now agreed to pay 50,000 rupees as war-indemnity and 20,000 rupees as an annual tribute.<ref name=":0" />

Alarmed at the gains of the Dogras, the governor of Kashmir, [[Mihan Singh|Mehan Singh]], incited the Ladakhi chieftains to rebel but Zorawar quickly marched back to the Himalayan valleys and subdued the rebels, now forcing the Raja of Zanskar to also pay a separate tribute to Jammu. But in 1836 Mehan Singh, who was in correspondence with the Lahore durbar, this time instigated the Gyalpo to revolt — Zorawar force-marched his army in ten days to surprise the Ladakhis and forced them to submit. He now built a fort outside Leh and placed there a garrison of 300 men under Dalel Singh — the Gyalpo was deposed to an estate and a Ladakhi general, Ngorub Stanzin, was made King. But the latter did not prove to be loyal hence the Gyalpo was restored to his throne in 1838.

==Baltistan campaign==
To the northwest of Ladakh, and to the north of Kashmir, lies the region of [[Baltistan]]. Muhammad Shah, the son of the ruler of [[Skardu]], Raja Ahmad Shah, fled to Leh and sought the aid of the Gyalpo and Zorawar against his father. But some of the Ladakhi nobles allowed Ahmad Shah to imprison his son and sought his aid in a general rebellion against the Dogras. After defeating the Ladakhi rebels Zorawar invaded Baltistan in the winter of 1839/40, adding a large contingent of Ladakhis to his army.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Buddhist Western Himalaya: A politico-religious history|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=R4VuovXa5YUC|publisher = Indus Publishing|date = 2001|isbn = 9788173871245|page = 194}}</ref>

The advance brigade of 5,000 under Nidhan Singh lost its way in the cold and snow and was surrounded by the enemy; many soldiers perished from the cold. Then [[Mehta Basti Ram]], a prominent Rajput from Kishtwar, established contact with the main force. On their arrival the Botis of Skardu were defeated and forced to flee. They were chased to the fort of Skardu which was invested by Zorawar for a few days. One night the Dogras scaled the steep mountain behind the fort and after some fighting captured the small fort on its crest. From this position the next day they began firing down at the main fort and forced the Raja to surrender. Zorawar built a fort on the banks of the Indus where he placed a contingent of his soldiers.

After placing Muhammad Shah on the throne for an annual tribute of 7000 rupees, a Dogra contingent under Wazir Lakhpat advanced westwards, conquered the fort of Astor and took its Darad Raja prisoner. However this Raja was tributary to Mehan Singh, the governor of Kashmir, who was alarmed at the Dogra conquests since they only expanded the kingdom of Gulab Singh while not bringing any benefit to the Lahore durbar. His complaint at Lahore was forwarded to Raja Gulab Singh at Jammu and he ordered the Darad Raja to be released.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title = General Zorawar Singh|url = https://archive.org/details/generalzorawarsi00char|publisher = Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|date = 1983|first = Sukh Dev Singh|last = Charak}}</ref>

==Tibet expedition and Death==
{{Main|Dogra–Tibetan War}}

[[File:Zorawarsingh.JPG|thumb|An [[equestrian statue]] depicting Zorawar Singh]]
Zorawar Singh had expressed his desire to expand the territories of Gulab Singh and the Sikh Empire. According to Sohan Lal Suri, an attorney in the court of the Sikh Empire, Zorawar Singh had met Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]] in March 1836 and asked him for permission to start a campaign in Tibet, the Maharaja however had declined his request.<ref>Victor Jacquemont, Letters from India, 1829-1832, trans. by Catherine Alison Phillips, John Sidney Lethbridge & K. G. Lethbridge(London: Macmillan, 1936)</ref> However, Zorawar Singh would finally get permission under Maharaja [[Sher Singh]] in 1841, which allowed the Sikh Empire to expand northwards without violating their treaties with the [[East India Company]].

One column under the Ladakhi prince, Nono Sungnam, followed the course of the [[Indus River]] to its source. Another column of 300 men, under Ghulam Khan, marched along the mountains leading up to the [[Kailas Range]] and thus south of the Indus. Zorawar himself led 4,000 men along the plateau region where the vast and picturesque [[Pangong Tso|Pangong Lake]] is located. Sweeping all resistance before them, the three columns passed the [[Lake Manasarovar]] and converged at [[Gartok]], defeating the small Tibetan force stationed there. The enemy commander fled to [[Taklakot]] but Zorawar stormed that fort on 6 September 1841. Envoys from Tibet now came to him as did agents of the Maharaja of [[Nepal]], whose kingdom was only fifteen miles from Taklakot.
[[File:Painting of Zorawar Singh Kahluria receiving the Gyalpo (Raja) and Gyalmo (Queen) of the Namgyal Dynasty of Ladakh, circa 19th century.jpg|thumb|252x252px|General Zorawar Singh (seated left) with the Gyalpo (King) and Gyalmo (Queen) of Ladakh. Following his conquest the King of Ladakh agreed to pay 50,000 rupees war indemnity and 20,000 rupees tribute per annum in 1835. Circa 19th century depiction.]]

The fall of Taklakot finds mention in the report of the Chinese Imperial Resident, Meng Pao, at [[Lhasa]]:<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=yKPdw2EkTwoC&dq=On+my+arrival+at+Taklakot+a+force+of+only+about+1%2C000+local+troops+could+be+mustered%2C+which+was+divided+and+stationed+as+guards+at+different+posts&pg=PA31 Perspectives on South Asian Security by Shanthie Mariey D'Souza, Rajsthree Jetly]</ref> <blockquote>On my arrival at Taklakot a force of only about 1,000 local troops could be mustered, which was divided and stationed as guards at different posts. A guard post was quickly established at a strategic pass near Taklakot to stop the invaders, but these local troops were not brave enough to fight off the Shen-Pa (Dogras) and fled at the approach of the invaders. The distance between Central Tibet and Taklakot is several thousand li…because of the cowardice of the local troops; our forces had to withdraw to the foot of the Tsa Mountain near the Mayum Pass. Reinforcements are essential in order to withstand these violent and unruly invaders.</blockquote>

Zorawar and his men now went on pilgrimage to [[Mansarovar]] and [[Mount Kailash]].<ref>{{Cite book|title = Footprints in the Snow: On the Trail of Zorawar Singh|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4S99oXkx_-cC&q=Zorawar%2520and%2520his%2520men%2520now%2520went%2520on%2520pilgrimage%2520to%2520Mansarovar&pg=PA124|publisher = Lancer Publishers|date = 2002|isbn = 9788170622925|first = G. D.|last = Bakshi}}</ref> He had extended his communication and supply line over 450 miles of inhospitable terrain by building small forts and pickets along the way. The fort Chi-T’ang was built near Taklakot, where Mehta Basti Ram was put in command of 500 men, with 8 or 9 cannon.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title = Indian Conquest of the Himalayan Territories: Military Exploits of General Zorawar Singh Dogra|url = https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12482|publisher = Ajaya|date = 1978|first = Sukh Dev Singh|last = Charak}}</ref> With the onset of winter all the passes were blocked and roads snowed in. The supplies for the Dogra army over such a long distance failed despite Zorawar's meticulous preparations.

Owing to intense cold and fatigue, many of the soldiers lost their fingers and toes to frostbite. Mehta Basti Ram writes of men being unable to use weapons effectively due to cold.<ref>{{cite book |author=H. N. Sinha |title=Selections from the Nagpur Residency Records |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62979/page/n483/mode/2up |year=1926 |publisher=Government of Madhya Pradesh |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62979/page/n483/mode/2up 468] }}</ref> Others starved to death, while some burnt the wooden stock of their muskets to warm themselves. The Tibetans and their [[Qing dynasty|Chinese]] allies regrouped and advanced to give battle, bypassing the Dogra fort of Chi-T’ang.<ref name=":1" />

Zorawar and his men met them at the Battle of To-yo on 12 December 1841 — in the early exchange of fire the general was wounded in his right shoulder by a matchlock ball.<ref name=":1" /> Zorawar was tired of the fighting and said, "Either the Tibetans will take my head and neck, or I shall take it myself (commit suicide)!" Then, shouting Gulab Singh's name, Zorawar said, "The omens are not good!". After he had killed four or five Tibetans, a lance hurled against him thrust right through his chest. He fell to the ground, not uttering a single sound and his sword escaped his hand. Once more the thought occurred to him to seize his sword, but he could not. The Tibetan executioner drew out the lance from Zorawar's chest and also took his sword from the belt. He then cut off Zorawar's head and carried it off. Zorawar Singh's head, hands and ears were cut off and sent to Lhasa authorities.<ref>{{cite book |author=H. N. Sinha |title=Selections from the Nagpur Residency Records |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62979/page/n483/mode/2up |year=1926 |publisher=Government of Madhya Pradesh |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62979/page/n483/mode/2up 468] }} {{source-attribution|inline=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=A. H. Francke |title=Antiquities of India Tibet, Part 2, The Chronicles of Ladakh |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2295/page/133/mode/2up |year=1926 |publisher=Superintendent Government Printing, India |page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2295/page/133/mode/2up 133] }} {{source-attribution|inline=yes}}</ref>

Then the Dogra soldiers lost their way. When the Tibetan infantry also pressed into the entrenchments, the Dogra officers as well as the Ladakhi noblemen became confused. He who could save his life fled, the remainder were killed. A little after noon the battle came to an end.<ref>{{cite book |author=A. H. Francke |title=Antiquities of India Tibet, Part 2, The Chronicles of Ladakh |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2295/page/133/mode/2up |year=1926 |publisher=Superintendent Government Printing, India |page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2295/page/133/mode/2up 133] }} {{source-attribution|inline=yes}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
The [[Zorawar LT]] is an Indian [[light tank]], named for Zorawar Singh.<ref>{{Cite news|title=DRDO light tank 'Zorawar' to be ready for trials by year-end along China border|url= https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/drdo-light-tank-zorawar-to-be-ready-for-trials-by-year-end-along-china-border/articleshow/100356991.cms|publisher=ET|access-date=16 July 2023}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Mehta Basti Ram]]
* [[Dogra–Tibetan war|Dogra-Tibetan war]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [[Frederick Drew]], ''The Jummoo & Kashmir territories''
* Alexander Cunningham, ''Ladak''
* A. H. Francke, ''Antiquities of Indian Tibet''
* Fisher, Rose, and Huttenback, ''The Himalayan Battle-ground''

{{History HP}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Zorawar}}
[[Category:History of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Dogra people]]
[[Category:People from Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Military history of Kashmir]]
[[Category:Indian military leaders]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:History of Ladakh]]
[[Category:1784 births]]
[[Category:1841 deaths]]

E. P. Poulose

2026-04-24T23:55:22Z

Saileshchauhan: put up new post w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian lawyer and politician (1909–1983)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = E. P. Poulose.jpg
| office = Minister for Food and Agriculture, [[Kerala]]
| predecessor = [[K. C. George]]
| successor = [[M. N. Govindan Nair]]
| term_start = 22 February 1960
| term_end = 10 September 1964
| office1 = Member of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor1 = ''Constituency established''
| successor1 = ''Constituency disestablished''
| term_start1 = 1957
| term_end1 = 1965
| constituency1 = Ramamangalam
| office2 = Member of the [[Travancore Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| 1namedata2 = '''In office''' 1948
| 1namedata = [[Pattom A. Thanu Pillai]] [[R. Sankar]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1909|10|2|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ramamangalam]], [[Travancore]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1983|11|17|1909|10|2|df=y}}
}}
'''E. P. Poulose'''{{Efn|Also spelled Paulose.}} (2 October 1909 – 17 November 1983) was an Indian lawyer and politician who served in the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] from 1957 until 1965, representing the Ramamangalam constituency. A member of the [[Indian National Congress]], Poulose was the Minister for Food and Agriculture of [[Kerala]] from 1960 until 1964.

== Biography ==
E. P. Poulose was born on 2 October 1909 in the village of [[Ramamangalam]], then part of the [[princely state]] of [[Travancore]]. In 1933, Poulose received a law degree and began working as a lawyer. A [[Syrian Christianity in India|Syrian Christian]], Poulose joined the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1935 and became a member of the [[Indian independence movement]]. Due to this affiliation, he was briefly imprisoned by British authorities in 1946. In 1948, Poulose was elected to the Travancore Legislative Assembly.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=E. P. Paulose |url=http://www.stateofkerala.in/niyamasabha/e_p_paulose.php |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=[[State of Kerala]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=E. P. Poulose |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m505.htm |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=[[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]}}</ref>

In the [[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957 election]], Poulose stood as a candidate in the newly-established [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]], facing [[Communist Party of India]] candidate Parameswaran Nair in the Ramamangalam constituency. Poulose defeated Nair, receiving 20,086 votes compared to Nair's 13,588.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Elections to the First Kerala Assembly – 1957 |url=https://kerala.gov.in/docs/election_reportage/assembly_election/1957.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726211928/https://kerala.gov.in/docs/election_reportage/assembly_election/1957.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-26 |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=[[Government of Kerala]] |page=7}}</ref> In the [[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]], Poulose defeated CPI candidate [[P. V. Abraham]], receiving 32,448 votes to Abraham's 19,871.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Interim Elections to the Kerala Assembly – 1960 |url=https://kerala.gov.in/docs/election_reportage/assembly_election/1960.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726234718/https://kerala.gov.in/docs/election_reportage/assembly_election/1960.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-26 |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=[[Government of Kerala]] |page=9}}</ref> After winning re-election, Poulose was appointed Minister for Food and Agriculture in the [[Pattom A. Thanu Pillai ministry|government]] of [[Pattom A. Thanu Pillai]], the [[chief minister of Kerala]], on 22 February 1960. He was retained in the [[Sankar ministry|government]] of Pillai's successor, [[R. Sankar]], after Pillai's resignation in 1962. Poulose served as minister until 10 September 1964.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The following year, Poulose ran for re-election in the [[1965 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]], running in the [[Muvattupuzha Assembly constituency|Muvattupuzha constituency]]. Poulose was defeated by [[Kerala Congress]] candidate [[A. T. Pathrose]], receiving 14,659 votes to Pathrose's 18,929.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Interim Elections to the Kerala Assembly – 1965 |url=http://kerala.gov.in/docs/election_reportage/assembly_election/1965.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402121228/http://kerala.gov.in/docs/election_reportage/assembly_election/1965.pdf |archive-date=2013-04-02 |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=[[Government of Kerala]] |page=12}}</ref>

During his tenure in the assembly, Poulose was an advocate for Christian traditions. In 1957, Poulose and other Christian MLAs led the opposition to the [[Kerala Education Act]], a bill which proposed regulations on the educational system; the bill was strongly opposed by [[Christianity in Kerala|Christians in Kerala]], as it would establish regulations on private Christian schools.{{sfn|Thomas|2018|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9nRuDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22E.+P.+Paulose%22&pg=PA97 97]}} The following year, Poulose opposed a bill which would repeal the 1916 Travancore Christian Succession Act, a law which codified the Christian [[Dowry system in India|dowry system]], in which Christian women who received a dowry would forfeit all claims of inheritance to their family's property.{{sfn|Thomas|2018|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9nRuDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22E.+P.+Paulose%22&pg=PA102 102]}}{{sfn|Thomas|2011|p=[https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/36248/PDF/1/play/#page=285 278]}}

Poulose died on 17 November 1983.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
=== Notes ===
{{notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Works cited ===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=Sonja |title=From Chattas to Churidars: Syrian Christian Religious Minorities in a Secular Indian State |date=2011 |publisher=[[Rutgers University]] |location=New Brunswick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3bROnQAACAAJ |access-date=1 November 2022 |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=Sonja |title=Privileged Minorities: Syrian Christianity, Gender, and Minority Rights in Postcolonial India |date=2018 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |location=Seattle |isbn=978-0-295-74383-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9nRuDwAAQBAJ |access-date=1 November 2022 |language=en}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Poulose, E. P.}}
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:Place of death missing]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1957–1959]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1960–1964]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Kerala]]
[[Category:Saint Thomas Christians]]
[[Category:People from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Travancore]]

Moulvi Muhammad Amiruddin

2026-04-24T17:55:28Z

Saileshchauhan: added first article w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_place = Kalikajhari, Mikirbeta, [[Morigaon district]], [[Assam]]
| name = Moulvi Muhammad Amiruddin Mukhtar
| office = Deputy Speaker of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 7 April 1937
| term_end = 2 March 1946
}}

'''Moulvi Muhammad Amiruddin ''' was an Indian politician from [[Assam]]. He was the first Deputy Speaker of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] from 7 April 1937 to 2 March 1946.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Loiwal |first=Manogya |date=2018-07-16 |title=Family members of Assam's first deputy speaker struggle to prove their citizenship |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/family-members-of-assam-s-first-deputy-speaker-struggle-to-prove-their-citizenship-1287461-2018-07-16 |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam Legislative Assembly |url=https://assambidhansabha.org/ |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=assambidhansabha |language=en}}</ref>

He is from Kalikajari, a small village in Morigaon. He was active in the freedom struggle and went to prison many times.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Imported |date=2018-07-31 |title=Refugees – made in India |url=https://madhyamamonline.com/editorial/2018/jul/31/refugees-%E2%80%93-made-india |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=madhyamamonline.com |language=en}}</ref>

He was elected from the then Nowgong Mohammedan East constituency as an independent candidate. He took a stand against Muslim League and reportedly supported the then premier Gopinath Bordoloi, who prevented a ploy to merge Assam with Pakistan.<ref name=":0" />

In 2018, many of his close family members, including his grand nephew Rafikul Islam, were termed as 'foreigners' by the Foreigners’ Tribunal in Assam as part of the National Register of Citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-03 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Assam's former Dy Speaker's kin declared 'Foreigner' |url=https://cjp.org.in/assams-former-dy-speakers-kin-declared-foreigner/ |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=CJP |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Assam MLAs 1937–1946]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Deputy speakers of the Assam Legislative Assembly]]

Ranen Ayan Dutt

2026-04-19T23:58:51Z

Saileshchauhan:

{{Short description|Indian artist (1927–2024)}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Ranen Ayan Dutt
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1927|11|24}}
| birth_place = [[Sylhet]], [[British India]] (now [[Bangladesh]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2024|03|03|1927|11|24}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| field = Painting
| training = [[Government College of Art & Craft|Government College of Art & Craft, Calcutta]]
| movement = Swadeshi art movement of Bengal
| awards =
| works =
}}

'''Ranen Ayan Dutt''' (November 24, 1927 – March 3, 2024)<ref name="toi">{{ cite web | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/ranen-ayan-dutt-kabuliwala-poster-designer-passes-away-at-96/articleshow/108221216.cms |title= Artist, "Kabuliwala" poster designer passes away at 96 | website = [[The Times of India]]|date= 5 March 2024 |access-date =2025-10-22}}</ref> was an Indian painter, illustrator, muralist, and graphic designer from Kolkata in [[West Bengal]].<ref name="researchgate">{{cite journal | doi=10.1108/JHRM-03-2018-0014 | title= Through the eyes of an artist:consumption ethos and commercial art in Bengal| website =[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref><ref name="dagw">{{ cite web | url = https://dagworld.com/from-fine-art-to-commercial-art-celebrating-ranen-ayan-dutta.html | title= From Fine art to Commercial art: Celebrating Ranen Ayan Dutt | access-date =2025-10-22}} </ref>

== Early life ==
Dutt was born in [[Sylhet]], [[British India]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Datta |first=Anisha |date=September 21, 2018 |title=Through the eyes of an artist: consumption ethos and commercial art in Bengal |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/JHRM-03-2018-0014 |journal=Journal of Historical Research in Marketing |via=Google Scholar}}</ref> (currently [[Bangladesh]]), into a Hindu [[Kayastha]] family. His father, Rajanimohan Dutt, was a [[freedom fighter]] and a teacher at [[Sanskrit College]], Kolkata; his mother, Priyobala, was a homemaker.<ref name="robbar1">{{cite web | url = https://robbar.in/daily-update/an-obituary-of-ranen-ayan-dutt-by-debasis-mukhopadhyay/ | title = কাজ দেখে মুগ্ধ ইন্দিরা গান্ধী আলাপ করেছিলেন রণেন আয়ন দত্ত সঙ্গে (in Bengali) | website = [[Sangbad Pratidin]] | access-date =2025-10-23}}</ref> At an early age, Dutt started with pre-partition Bengal, drawing inspiration from [[Abanindranath Tagore]] and [[Jamini Roy]].<ref name="researchgate"/> Following his matriculation,<ref name="dagw"/> he enrolled at the art college in Kolkata in 1942, graduating from [[Government College of Art & Craft|Government College of Art & Craft, Kolkata]] with first-class honours in Fine Arts in 1948.<ref name="researchgate"/> Among his teachers were painters [[Zainul Abedin]],<ref name="researchgate"/> [[Atul Bose]], Ramendranath Chakraborti, and [[Anwarul Huq]]. Upon completing his studies, Dutt met [[Annada Munsi]], through whom he entered the field of commercial art, working briefly at Munsi's studio, Prakashika.<ref name="dagw"/> He was also associated with filmmaker [[Satyajit Ray]], who had likewise been trained and mentored by Munsi.<ref name ="Galerie 88">{{cite web | url = http://www.galerie88.in/nt/doc/RDutt-writeup.pdf | title= A Periscopic Journey through seven decades | access-date =2025-10-24}}</ref>

==Career==
After graduating, Dutt joined Stronachs India as an art director in Bombay (now [[Mumbai]]).{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}} On his return to [[Kolkata]], he joined [[J. Walter Thompson|J Walter Thompson]] (JWT) as its Chief Art Director.<ref name="toi"/> Over two decades, he created several campaigns and promotional material for brands like Tea Board, [[Tata Steel]], [[Ilham Jaya Kesuma|Jabakusum]] and Shalimar hair oil,<ref name="researchgate"/> as well as the campaign ''Made for Each Other'' for [[W.D. & H.O. Wills|Wills's Cigarettes]].

In 1957, Dutt designed book covers and posters for Bengali cinema, including [[ Tapan Sinha |Tapan Sinha's]] ''[[Kabuliwala (1957 film) |Kabuliwala]]<ref name="toi" />'' and [[Ajoy Kar |Ajoy Kar's]]'' [[Harano Sur|Harano]] Sur.'' In 1967, he designed posters for [[Arundhati Devi|Arundhati Devi's]]'' [[Chhuti]]''.''<ref name="banglalive">{{cite web | url =https://banglalive.com/article-on-ranen-ayan-dutt/ | title= শিল্পী থেকে 'বিজ্ঞাপন গুরু' : নানা ভূমিকায় ভাস্কর রণেন আয়ন দত্ত | access-date =2025-10-24}}</ref><ref name="jbmrc" />''

In 1974, Dutt started his own firm, R.A.D. Associates, to expand his work in architectural and museum design.<ref name="dagw"/>

Dutt designed pavilions and murals for [[Tata Steel]], Tea Board, and [[Steel Authority of India]].<ref name ="Galerie 88"/> He created a commercial pavilion in 1972 for Asia1972 festival, which drew the attention of [[Indira Gandhi]], who was then Prime Minister of India.<ref name="robbar1"/><ref name=Statesman>{{ cite web| url = https://www.dainikstatesmannews.com/literature/a-unique-artist-skilled-in-line-and-watercolor/73731 | title = রেখা ও জলরঙে সুদক্ষ এক অনন্য শিল্পী | language = Bengali | website = [[Dainik Statesman]] | date = 17 March 2024 | access-date = 2025-10-29}}</ref> The Bengal pavilion later became a permanent structure at [[Delhi]].<ref name ="Galerie 88"/> Landmarks such as the [[Air India Building]] in Mumbai, Exide Industries, and the Indian Institute of Coal Management in [[Ranchi]] also bear Dutt's aesthetic imprint. He further contributed to the archives of the local head office of the [[State Bank of India]] at Stand Road, [[Kolkata]].<ref name ="Galerie 88"/><ref name="researchgate"/>

In addition, Dutt designed the Shipping Transport Museum (the first floating maritime museum on the Ganges), the Earth Science Museum, and the Steel Museum in Durgapur.<ref name="tsi">{{cite web | url =https://thespace.ink/essays/ranen-ayan-dutt-painter-illustrator-muralist-graphic-artist-24-11-1927-03-03-2024/ | title = Ranen Ayan Dutt: Painter, Illustrator, Muralist, Graphic Artist (24.11.1927-03.03.2024)| date = 4 March 2024| access-date =2025-10-24}}</ref>

=== Fine art ===
Alongside his commercial work, Dutt maintained a career as a fine artist, creating paintings, murals, graphics, calendar art, and watercolors that often depicted Kolkata's cityscape and everyday life. Among his more notable sketches are "[[Trafalgar Square]]" and "Darjeeling Station"<ref name="toi"/>, as well as scenes of London city life.<ref name="dagw"/>

Dutt's work was featured in several exhibitions, including a 50-painting display at the [[Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture]] in 2015.<ref name=TT-Design-Guru>{{ cite web | url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/design-guru/cid/1490503 | title= Design Guru | website = [[ The Telegraph (India)]] | access-date =2025-10-24}}</ref> This was followed by a retrospective at Galerie88 in Kolkata in 2016.<ref name ="Galerie 88"/> His first verified exhibition abroad was at [[Delhi Art Gallery|Dag]] [[New York City|New York]] in 2021, in two group shows, titled as ''Indian Blue: From Realism to Abstraction''.<ref name="ArtFacts">{{ cite web | url =https://artfacts.net/artist/ranen-ayan-dutta | title= Ranen Ayan Dutta | access-date =2025-10-24}}</ref> He is not known to have held any solo exhibitions during his active career.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}

Dutt sought to revive interest in Indian mythology, [[folklore]], and cultural history through his figurative drawings, landscapes, and commercial designs. For instance, his depictions of the [[Gangasagar Mela]] scene and his illustrations for the [[ Kathasaritsagara |Katha Sarit Sagar]] series were incorporated into his advertisements for Shalimar hair oil. In an interview, he noted:<ref name="researchgate" />
{{quote | I had no knowledge of western art. My art is swadeshi. My commercial art is inspired by deshi galpo (folk tales), such as the stories of Kunchbaran Kesh Raj Kanya (the princes with long dark hair).}}

==Recognition==

Dutt was awarded a D. Litt by [[Rabindra Bharati University]] in 1999 for his contribution to Applied Art.<ref name="dagw"/> He was furthermore a member of the Bengal chapter of the Art Society of India.

==Personal life and death==

Dutt married Hillola, the daughter of Umashankar Dutta, a lawyer of [[Silchar]], [[Assam]] in 1954. The couple resided at Dover Lane, Ballygunge, Kolkata.<ref name="robbar">{{cite web | url = https://robbar.in/robbar-durga-puja/remembering-ranen-ayan-dutt-by-shubhasree-nandi/ | title = রণেন আয়ান দত্তের তুলি কোনও সমঝোতা স্বীকার করেনি কখনও (in Bengali) | website = [[Sangbad Pratidin]] | access-date =2025-10-26}}</ref> He painted regularly until his nineties. He was admitted on March 3, 2024 to a nursing home for respiratory problems but died later that night.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-05 |title=Artist, ‘Kabuliwala’ poster designer passes away at 96 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/ranen-ayan-dutt-kabuliwala-poster-designer-passes-away-at-96/articleshow/108221216.cms |access-date=2026-04-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He was survived by his wife and two daughters.<ref name="TGI">{{Cite web | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/painter-and-illustrator-ranen-ayan-dutt-passes-away-at-96/cid/2004764 | title = Painter and illustrator Ranen Ayan Dutt passes away at 96 | website = [[The Telegraph (India)]]| access-date =2025-10-22}}</ref>

==Legacy==

[[Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta |CSSSC]], a [[social science]] and [[humanities]] research and teaching institute in Kolkata, acknowledged Dutt by showcasing various selected artworks in its 2025 commemorative calendar based on the visual archives of the Jadunath Bhavan Museum and Resource Centre (JBMRC), a unit of CSSSC. Dutt's artworks for a 1961 Philips India Ltd calendar on "Boats and Ships" were featured in the calendar.<ref name="jbmrc">{{cite web | url = https://jbmrc.cssscal.org/events/ | title = CSSSC Calendar Available | access-date=2025-10-27}}</ref><ref name=tgo>{{ cite web | url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kolkata/date-with-ranen-ayan-dutts-art-tribute-by-centre-for-studies-in-social-sciences/cid/2081422 | title= Date with Ranen Ayan Dutt's art: Tribute by Centre for Studies in Social Sciences | website = [[The Telegraph (India)]]| access-date=2025-10-25}}</ref>

[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Government College of Art & Craft alumni]]
[[Category:Indian painters]]
[[Category:Artists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian designers]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dutt, Ranen Ayan}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Artists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian illustrators]]
[[Category:Indian muralists]]
[[Category:Indian graphic designers]]
[[Category:Artists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Sylhet District]]
[[Category:Bengali artists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Indian art directors]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Rabindra Bharati University alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Poster artists]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:People from Sylhet]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:Indian contemporary painters]]
[[Category:Indian modern painters]]
[[Category:Indian watercolourists]]
[[Category:Indian landscape painters]]
[[Category:Indian portrait painters]]
[[Category:Indian advertising executives]]
[[Category:Artists from Mumbai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian illustrators]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian illustrators]]

Bhupalpalle Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:24:40Z

Saileshchauhan: New some pg initial version

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhupalpalle
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (108-Bhupalpalle highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Bhupalpalle Assembly constituency within Telangana
| mla = [[Gandra Satyanarayana Rao]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = 2023
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = [[Warangal district|Warangal]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| electors = 2,34,620
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 108
| loksabha_cons= [[Warangal Lok Sabha constituency|Warangal]]
}}
'''Bhupalpalle Assembly constituency''' is a constituency of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> It is one of 12 constituencies in [[Warangal district]]. It is part of [[Warangal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Warangal Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Mandals==
The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following Mandals:
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Bhupalpalle]]
|-
| [[Mogullapalle]]
|-
| [[Chityal, Warangal|Chityal]]
|-
| [[Ghanpur (Mulug)|Ghanpur]]
|-
| [[Regonda]]
|-
| [[Shyampet]]
|-
|[[Gori Kothapally|Kothapallygori]]
|-
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
| 2009<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4054-andhra-pradesh-2009/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>
|[[Gandra Venkata Ramana Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Telangana]]
|-
| 2014
|[[S. Madhusudhana Chary]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| 2018
|[[Gandra Venkata Ramana Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 2023
|[[Gandra Satyanarayana Rao]]
|}

==Election results==

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2023]]: Bhupalpalle}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Gandra Satyanarayana Rao
| votes = 1,23,116
| percentage =54.55
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=[[Gandra Venkata Ramana Reddy]]|votes=70,417|percentage=31.2|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Chandupatla Keerthi Reddy|votes=14,731|percentage=6.53|change=}}{{Election box candidate|party=Alliance of Democratic Reforms Party|candidate=Ramesh Goud Tallapally|votes=3,464|percentage=1.53|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Sampath Manthena|votes=2,901|percentage=1.29|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Gajji Jithender|votes=2,010|percentage=0.89|change=}}{{Election box candidate|party=Aabaad Party|candidate=Adlakonda Sravanthi|votes=1,130|percentage=0.5|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telangana Communist Party of India|candidate=Vangara Sambaiah|votes=1,012|percentage=0.45|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Marxist Communist Party of India (United)|candidate=Asraf Mahmad|votes=916|percentage=0.41|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Allam Mahesh|votes=833|percentage=0.37|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=830|percentage=0.37|change=}}{{Election box majority|votes=52,699|percentage=23.35|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=2,25,688|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner =Indian National Congress
| loser =Bharat Rashtra Samithi
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhupalpalle<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9691-telangana-general-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Telangana General Legislative Election 2018 - Statistical Report |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 20 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Gandra Venkata Ramana Reddy]]
| votes = 69,918
| percentage = 33.50
| change = +2.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Forward Bloc|candidate=Gandra Satyanarayana Rao|votes=54,283|percentage=26.00|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|candidate=[[S. Madhusudhana Chary]]|votes=53,567|percentage=25.66|change=-8.68}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Chandupatla Keerthi Reddy|votes=15,744|percentage=7.54|change=-22.80}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=1,399|percentage=0.67|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=15,635|percentage=7.50|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=2,08,741|percentage=82.13|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhupalpalle<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4055-andhra-pradesh-2014/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = [[S. Madhusudhana Chary]]
| votes = 65,113
| percentage = 34.34
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Gandra Venkata Ramana Reddy]]|votes=57,899|percentage=30.54|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Gandra Satyanarayana Rao|votes=57,530|percentage=30.34|change=}}

{{Election box majority|votes=7,214|percentage=3.40|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,88,296|percentage=79.73|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|18.43|79.86|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}
{{Jayashankar Bhupalpally district}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Jayashankar Bhupalpally district]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Akbar Mirza Khaleeli

2026-04-13T06:58:09Z

Saileshchauhan: New initial entry from scratch

{{Short description|Indian diplomat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
'''Akbar Mirza Khaleeli''' (born 1936) is a retired Indian diplomat who served as the Indian ambassador to [[Iran]], [[Italy]] and High Commissioner to [[Australia]] with concurrent accreditation to [[Vanuatu]] and [[Solomon Islands]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bangalore |first=Asia Centre |title=Ambassador Akbar M Khaleeli |url=https://asiacentrebangalore.org/ambassador-akbar-m-khaleeli/ |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=Asia Centre Bangalore |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Akbar Khaleeli was born in 1936 in [[Bangalore|Bengaluru (Bangalore)]]. He was educated at [[Bishop Cotton Boys' School]], Bengaluru and Doveton Corrie Boys' High School, Chennai before completing BA (Honours) in Economics from [[Loyola College, Chennai]] and Bachelor of Law from [[Madras Law College]], Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TwoCircles.net |date=2011-09-03 |title=Akbar Khaleeli: Tennis champ, a debater with a passion for Persian poetry |url=https://twocircles.net/2011sep03/akbar_khaleeli_tennis_champ_debater_passion_persian_poetry.html |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US}}</ref>

He married his maternal first cousin [[Shakereh Khaleeli]] in 1965 with whom he has four daughters including [[Rehane Yavar Dhala]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-28 |title=Husband Buried Her Alive in a Special Coffin Box He Made for Her. Shakereh Khaleeli Murder Revisited |url=https://www.news18.com/explainers/dancing-on-the-grave-prime-video-shakereh-khaleeli-revisited-7666003.html |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Diplomatic career==
Akbar Khaleeli entered the Indian foreign service in 1959. He had served various posts in [[Delhi]], [[Baghdad]], [[Colombo]], [[Paris]] and [[Amman]] before taking the position of Chief of Protocol in the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] in 1976, the Indian ambassador to Iran from 1980-84, Italy from 1986-90 and High Commissioner to Australia with concurrent accreditation to [[Vanuatu]] and [[Solomon Islands]] from 1991-95. He was also a permanent representative of India to the [[Food and Agriculture Organization|Food and Agricultural Organisation, Rome]].[https://www.fao.org/4/x5561E/X5561e0g.htm]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fao.org/4/AK633E/ak633e38.htm |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref>

During his career in the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] from 1959 to 1995, he held multiple posts including Chief of Protocol, Joint Secretary Haj, Director West Asia and North Africa and charges d'affairs.<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
* [[Shakereh Khaleeli]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khaleeli, Akbar Mirza}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Iran]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Italy]]
[[Category:High commissioners of India to Australia]]
[[Category:Politicians from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Bishop Cotton Boys' School alumni]]
[[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Food and Agriculture Organization officials]]

Lalaji Prasad Nirmal

2026-04-10T08:51:46Z

Saileshchauhan: added initial details v1 - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Laljji Prasad Nirmal
| office = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| nominator = [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start = April 2023
| governor = [[Anandiben Patel]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Yogi Adityanath]]
}}
'''Lalji Prasad Nirmal''' is an Indian politician from the state of Uttar Pradesh, Currently he is serving as member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]. Previously he has also served as chairman of Uttar Pradesh Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation. He is affiliated with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dastak |first=Nishpaksh |date=2023-04-04 |title=डा.लाल जी प्रसाद निर्मल बने एमएलसी |url=https://nishpakshdastak.com/dr-lalji-prasad-nirmal-became-mlc/ |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=NishpakshDastak |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Sanjay |date=2023-04-01 |title=UP Govt Sends Nominations For 6 Vacant MLC Seats To Governor — Know The Names |url=https://news.abplive.com/states/up-uk/uttar-pradesh-news-yogi-adityanath-govt-sends-recommendations-for-six-vacant-mlc-seats-to-governor-know-the-names-here-1592436 |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> He is also serving as the President of Baba Saheb Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Mahasabha.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-01-17 |title=Ahead of UP polls, politics over Ambedkar's legacy gathers pace |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Ahead-of-UP-polls-politics-over-Ambedkar%E2%80%99s-legacy-gathers-pace/article14003682.ece |access-date=2025-03-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Political career==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Post's Held !! From !! To
|-
| [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]] || April 2023 || [[Incumbent]]
|-
| Chairman of Uttar Pradesh Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation || April 2018<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-19 |title=Once close to Mayawati, former DGP Brij Lal appointed chief of UP's SC/ST commission |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/once-close-to-mayawati-former-dgp-brij-lal-appointed-chief-of-ups-sc-st-commission-yogi-adityanath-5142391/ |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>|| N/A
|-
| Chairman of Bharat Ratna Dr. Ambedkar Cultural Centre || N/A || N/A
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nirmal, Lalaji Prasad}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Crown of Bahadur Shah Zafar

2026-04-09T19:54:42Z

Saileshchauhan: put up new article added tags - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
[[File:Bahadur Shah II of India.jpg|thumb|210px| Crown of the Bahadur Shah II, ca 1850 painting]]
The '''Crown of [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]],''' the last Mughal emperor (r. 1837 - 1857), was taken by the British in the aftermath of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and later acquired by [[Queen Victoria]]. Following the deposition and exile of the emperor to [[British rule in Burma|Burma]], the British formally abolished the Mughal Empire and auctioned off many of the imperial treasures in [[Shahjahanabad|Delhi]]. Among the objects removed was a richly jewelled skullcap worn by the emperor beneath his turban, commonly referred to as his crown.<ref name="RCT">{{Cite web |title=India - Crown of the Emperor Bahadur Shah II |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/67236/crown-of-the-emperor-bahadur-shah-ii |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=www.rct.uk |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
It was created in the second quarter 19th century, most probably in [[Delhi]] or the surrounding areas by goldsmiths and jewellers. It is strictly speaking not a crown, but an article of head dress. The materials used are gold, turquoises, rubies, diamonds, pearls, emeralds, feathers and velvet. Its dimensions are 28.5 x 23.5 x 23.5 cm.<ref name="RCT"/>

The crown was purchased, along with two throne chairs, by Robert Tytler, who had taken part in the 1857 [[Siege of Delhi (1857)|Siege of Delhi]]. After bringing the items to England in 1860, Tytler rejected an offer of £1,000 from a Bond Street jeweller, instead seeking to place them in the hands of the monarchy. On 3 January 1861, Charles Wood, Secretary of State for India, informed Prince Albert of the crown’s arrival and described it as a “very rich skull-cap worn on the head of the Emperor... round the lower part of which the turban was wound.” John Lawrence, a senior British administrator, confirmed the item as authentic.

The crown was then sent to Windsor for Victoria’s inspection and subsequently purchased, along with the throne chairs. Tytler was paid £500, a figure he and his wife later regarded as inadequate. He had been promised a future appointment in India in exchange, but this never materialised. Harriet Tytler later expressed enduring bitterness over what she saw as a dishonourable and exploitative transaction after her husband acquired the forcibly auctioned crown.<ref name="RCT"/>

It is part of the [[Royal Collection]] with the inventory number RCIN 67236.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Jonathan Marsden. ''Victoria & Albert: Art & Love''. The Royal Collection, London, 2010. {{ISBN|978-1905686216}}
* Harriet Tytler. ''An Englishwoman in India: The Memoirs of Harriet Tytler, 1828-58''. Oxford Paperbacks, Oxford, 1988. {{ISBN|978-0192821003}}

== External links ==
* {{Royal Collection|67236|Crown of the Emperor Bahadur Shah II}}

[[Category:Individual crowns|Bahadur Shah II]]
[[Category:Mughal court]]
[[Category:Mughal art]]
[[Category:Red Fort]]
[[Category:Jewellery in the Royal Collection of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:History of Delhi]]
[[Category:Islamic metal art]]
[[Category:Individual items of jewellery]]
[[Category:Jewellery industry in India]]
[[Category:Crown jewels]]
[[Category:Royal attire]]
[[Category:Jewels of the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Indian artefacts held abroad]]

Hardik Shah

2026-04-09T08:57:31Z

Saileshchauhan: started first article v1

{{Short description|Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Hardik Shah, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| image =
| office = [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of India]]
| prime_minister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| term_start = July 2020
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Rajeev Topno]]
| successor = Incumbent
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1973|07|03}}
| birth_place = [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education =
| alma_mater = ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]]) [[Gujarat University]] [[University of Manchester]] [[Harvard University]]
| occupation = [[Civil servant]], [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Dr.]]
}}
'''Hardik Satishchandra Shah '''(born 3 July 1973) is an [[Indian Administrative Service|Indian Administrative Service officer]] of 2010 batch from [[Gujarat]] cadre who is currently serving as the [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of India]], [[Narendra Modi]] since July 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hardik Satishchandra Shah appointed Private Secretary to PM Modi |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/hardik-satishchandra-shah-appointed-private-secretary-to-pm-modi-120003 |publisher=[[Tribune India]] |date=30 July 2020}}</ref> He previously served as a Deputy Secretary in the [[Prime Minister's Office (India)]] (PMO) from August 2019 to July 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hardik Satishchandra Shah IAS appointed Deputy Secretary - PMO |url=https://www.indianbureaucracy.com/hardik-satishchandra-shah-ias-appointed-deputy-secretary-pmo/ |publisher=Indianbureaucracy.com |date=31 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-GPCB chief Hardik Shah reaches PMO |url=https://www.petrowatch.com/synopsis.php?artId=17932&w=1 |url-access=subscription|publisher=[[Petrowatch]] |date=5 September 2019 |pages=Vol 22, PW 23}}</ref><ref name=et/><ref name=toi/>

== Education and early life ==
Shah holds degrees in BTech, MTech and law. He received his bachelor's degree in Law from [[Gujarat University]]. He did a post-graduate certificate in Environment Impact Assessment from the [[University of Manchester]]. He has done a [[PhD]] in [[environmental engineering]] from Gujarat University. He was also a fellow at the [[Harvard Kennedy School]].<ref name=am/> He was selected for [[Indian Administrative Service]] in 2010.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

He began his career as a junior engineer in the [[Gujarat Pollution Control Board]] (GPCB). He is given credit for making [[Gujarat Pollution Control Board]]'s operations modern and transparent.<ref name=am/>

In 2017, Shah was handpicked by PM [[Narendra Modi]] as Private Secretary to the Union minister of environment, forest and climate change and information and broadcasting.<ref name=et/><ref>{{cite news |title=Hardik Satishchandra Shah IAS appointed PS to Prakash Javadekar |url=https://www.indianbureaucracy.com/hardik-satishchandra-shah-ias-appointed-ps-to-prakash-javadekar/ |publisher=Indianbureaucracy.com |date=22 June 2019}}</ref><ref name=elets>{{cite news |title=Hardik Shah appointed Private Secretary to Environment, Forest and Climate Change Minister |url=https://egov.eletsonline.com/2019/06/hardik-shah-appointed-private-secretary-to-environment-forest-and-climate-change-minister/ |publisher=Elets News |date=24 June 2019}}</ref>

In August 2019, Hardik Shah was appointed as deputy secretary in the [[Prime Minister's Office (India)]] (PMO).<ref name=et>{{cite news |title=PMO elevates Gujarat cadre IAS officer Hardik Shah as personal secretary to PM |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/pmo-elevates-gujarat-cadre-ias-officer-hardik-shah-as-personal-secretary-to-pm/77276283 |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=31 July 2020}}</ref> Shah was also behind the PM Modi's national plan to control the plastic menace and environment conservation. He has played an important role in bringing key policy changes nationally in controlling environmental pollution and promoting environmental protection in states.<ref name=et/>

He has closely worked with Nobel laureates [[Abhijit Banerjee]], [[Esther Duflo]],<ref name=am>{{cite news |title=The Nobel Connection |url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/columns/the-informer/the-nobel-connection/articleshow/71587763.cms |publisher=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]] |date=15 October 2019}}</ref> professor [[Michael Greenstone]] and environmental engineer [[John Briscoe (water engineer)|John Briscoe]].<ref name=et/>

== Recognition ==
He received the 'Special Recognition Award' as a Member Secretary, [[Gujarat Pollution Control Board|GPCB]] for e-Governance under 'Environment Category' by [[Computer Society of India|CSI]] Nihilent e-Governance Awards 2009–2010.<ref name=elets/><ref>{{cite web |title=CSI Nihilent e-Governance Awards 2009-10 |url=http://www.csinihilent-egovernanceawards.org/e_governance_2010.php |work=csinihilent-egovernanceawards.org |date=2010 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2013, he was awarded the AMA's Outstanding Manager of the Year Award 2013 by the Ahmedabad Management Association.<ref name=toi>{{cite news |title=Three IAS babus transferred |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Three-IAS-babus-transferred/articleshow/47437705.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=17 May 2015}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://gcpcenvis.nic.in/Experts/Dr_Hardik_Shah.pdf Dr. Hardik Shah]'s Bio

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Hardik}}
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Prime Minister's Office (India)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat University alumni]]
[[Category:1973 births]]

South Asian Canadians in British Columbia

2026-04-04T21:37:39Z

Saileshchauhan: Made Initial Pg W/ Sources

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = South Asians in British Columbia
| image = South Asian Distribution in British Columbia, 2021 Census.jpg
| caption = Population distribution of South Asian Canadians in British Columbia by census division, 2021 census
| population = '''473,970'''<ref name="population2021" /> '''9.6%''' of the B.C. population (2021)
| popplace = 
| region1 = [[Metro Vancouver Regional District]]
| pop1 = 369,290 (14.2%)
| region2 = [[Fraser Valley Regional District]]
| pop2 = 53,585 (16.9%)
| region3 = [[Capital Regional District]]
| pop3 = 13,825 (3.4%)
| region4 = [[Regional District of Central Okanagan]]
| pop4 = 7,425 (3.4%)
| region5 = [[Thompson-Nicola Regional District]]
| pop5 = 4,940 (3.6%)
| region6 = [[Regional District of Fraser-Fort George]]
| pop6 = 4,060 (4.3%)
| region7 = [[Regional District of Nanaimo]]
| pop7 = 3,450 (2.1%)
| region8 = [[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen]]
| pop8 = 3,445 (3.9%)
| region9 = [[Squamish-Lillooet Regional District]]
| pop9 = 1,725 (3.5%)
| region10 = [[Peace River Regional District]]
| pop10 = 1,600 (2.7%)
| langs = [[Canadian English|English]] • [[Canadian French|French]] • [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] • [[Hindi]] • [[Urdu]] • [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] • [[Tamil language|Tamil]] • [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| rels = [[Sikhism]] (60.8%) {{smaller|[[Hinduism]] (16%) [[Islam]] (9.4%) [[Irreligion]] (8.1%) [[Christianity]] (4.6%) [[Buddhism]] (0.7%) [[Jainism]] (0.2%) [[Zoroastrianism]] (0.1%) [[Judaism]] (0.03%) [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]] (0.03%) Others (0.1%)}}<ref name="CensusReligion2021" />
| related = [[Indian Canadians]] • [[Punjabi Canadians]] • [[South Asian Canadians]] • [[South Asian Canadians in Greater Vancouver]] • [[Bangladeshi Canadians]] • [[Pakistani Canadians]]
}}
{{Ethnic British Columbia sidebar}}
The [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]] community in [[British Columbia]] was first established in 1897. The first immigrants originated from [[Punjab region|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]], a northern region and state in modern-day [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. [[Punjabis]] originally settled in rural British Columbia at the turn of the twentieth century, working in the forestry and agricultural industries.

As their numbers grew, [[Indophobia|anti-"Hindu"]] sentiment increased among the [[European Canadians|Europeans]] living in the province thus preventing them from voting in 1908. Originally, Indian settlement was predominantly male; large numbers of women and children began arriving in the mid-20th century. In 1947, South Asians were given the right to vote, therefore permitting their entry into British Columbian political life.

In the late 20th century, many South Asians transitioned from living in rural areas of the province into living in urban areas as the economic vitality of the forestry industry declined.

==History==

[[File:Streetcars passing at the 400 Block of Granville Street, Vancouver, in 1908.jpg|thumb|275px|Punjabi Sikhs in Vancouver, 1908]]

=== 1897 to 1906 ===

The first persons of South Asian origin to visit British Columbia were soldiers transiting from India to the United Kingdom. They went through in 1897 and 1902, the former during the [[Diamond Jubilee]] of [[Queen Victoria]] and the latter when [[Edward VII]] was crowned as king.<ref name="WaltonRobertsThreeReadingsp316">Walton-Roberts, Margaret. 1998. "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Margaret_Walton-Roberts/publication/250171093_THREE_READINGS_OF_THE_TURBAN_SIKH_IDENTITY_IN_GREATER_VANCOUVER/links/53f749e90cf2823e5bd635cf Three Readings of the Turban: Sikh Identity in Greater Vancouver]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160205002355/http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Margaret_Walton-Roberts/publication/250171093_THREE_READINGS_OF_THE_TURBAN_SIKH_IDENTITY_IN_GREATER_VANCOUVER/links/53f749e90cf2823e5bd635cf Archive]). In ''[[Urban Geography]]'', Vol. 19: 4, June. - DOI [https://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.19.4.311 10.2747/0272-3638.19.4.311] - [https://www.academia.edu/1419124/Three_readings_of_the_turban_Sikh_identity_in_Greater_Vancouver Available at] [[Academia.edu]] and at [[ResearchGate]]. p. 316.</ref> The Punjabis who did not stay in Canada returned home and spread the word about life in Canada.<ref>Das, p. [http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf 4] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150524084531/http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf Archive]).</ref> Additional British Indians, soldiers stationed in East Asia, including [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]], traveled after the [[Boxer Rebellion]] period. Many of them arrived in Canada.<ref>Das, p. [http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf 3] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150524084531/http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf Archive]).</ref>

The Indians who had participated in the Diamond Jubilee and Chinese both had given positive information regarding Canada, convincing Indians in China to immigrate to Canada.<ref>Lal, p. 17.</ref> Some of these early pioneers remained in the province and by 1900 were around 100 South Asians in the Lower Mainland.<ref name="WaltonRobertsThreeReadingsp316" /> Most of these early settlers were male Sikh Punjabis thus becoming the first South Asian-origin group to move to Canada. They settled in British Columbia with the wish to find jobs.<ref>"[http://moia.gov.in/pdf/Canada.pdf Country Brief – Canada]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20130626020104/http://moia.gov.in/pdf/Canada.pdf Archive]). [[Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs]]. p. 3/7. Retrieved on October 21, 2014. "The vast majority of Vancouver Indians are of Sikh Punjabi origin."</ref>
[[File:Sikh men on rail platform next to Canadian Pacific rail car, probably in British Columbia, circa 1905-1914 (AL+CA 6612).jpg|thumb|left|275px|Punjabi Sikhs next to CPR, circa 1914]]
At the turn of the 20th century new restrictions on Chinese immigrants caused their immigration figures to decline. Steamship lines began recruiting Indians to make up for the loss of business from the Chinese. There was a job shortage in the agricultural sector, and the Fraser River Canners' Association and the Kootchang Fruit Growers' Association asked the Canadian government to abolish immigration restrictions on persons working as domestic servants and agricultural workers and to allow increased immigration. Letters from persons settling in Canada gave persons still in India encouragement to move to Canada, and there was an advertising campaign to promote British Columbia as an immigration destination.<ref name="SinghHirap94">Singh, Hira, p. [http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759475&qryID=7a5ddb5d-b341-42c0-a403-40619d79f0fe 94]{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YTj7DRo7?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759475&qryID=fc5017ef-41f0-4b8e-ab11-e598bb3c3974 Archive]).</ref>

[[Hoshiarpur]] and [[Jullundur]] in Punjab were the areas from which the largest groups of initial immigrants originated. This was due to a crisis in the region at the time; peasants in Jullundur became tenants had gone into debt after losing control of their land due to the concept of private property and cash taxation established during British colonization.<ref>Singh, Hira, p. [http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759478&qryID=3f4e4b0a-6d7a-4ac8-88d8-dbb9dac65b40 97]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YVfDDKfI?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759478&qryID=ab48592f-38ee-4e95-8eb4-143abfb2bf8c Archive])-[http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759479&qryID=3f4e4b0a-6d7a-4ac8-88d8-dbb9dac65b40 98]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YVfGarR4?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759479&qryID=0e290387-f197-465c-8728-b7ed1b63bc80 Archive]).</ref> Facing rising debts, many individuals emigrated from Jullundur and Hoshiarpur to Canada.<ref>Singh, Hira, p. [http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759479&qryID=3f4e4b0a-6d7a-4ac8-88d8-dbb9dac65b40 98]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YVfGarR4?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759479&qryID=0e290387-f197-465c-8728-b7ed1b63bc80 Archive]).</ref> Other three major points of origin were [[Amritsar]], [[Ferozpur]], and [[Ludhiana]].<ref>Lal, p. 29.</ref> The vast majority came from the [[Doaba]] and [[Malwa (Punjab)|Malwa]] areas while relatively few came from [[Majha]] and some emigrated from the United States and other areas in the [[British Commonwealth]]. In the coming decades, the differentiation between Doaba and Malwa-originating persons continued to be an issue even as it had decreased in importance in the Punjab".<ref name="AmesInglisTradChangep78">Ames and Inglis, "Tradition and Change in British Columbia Sikh Life," p. 78.</ref>
[[File:Sikh men standing in front of a house at a lumber camp in British Columbia, circa 1914 (INDOCC 1526).jpg|thumb|275px|Punjabi Sikhs at a lumber camp, circa 1914]]
[[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], the [[Deputy Minister of Labour]], concluded that, "exploitative ventures of some East Indian immigration agents in British Columbia" and "misleading literature by certain individuals" were the primary reasons why persons of Indian origin immigrated to Canada to be the most important causes of Indian immigration to Canada; King had been tasked to discover why persons of Indian origin were immigrating to Canada.<ref name="Lalp16" /> However, the report did not take into account other factors which convinced people to leave Punjab,<ref>Lal, p. 24.</ref> including the promotion of [[social mobility]] and a lack of stratification in [[Sikhism]] as well as a lack of stigma against migration.<ref>Lal, p. 28.</ref>

A notable moment in early South Asian Canadian history in British Columbia was in 1902 when Punjabi Sikh settlers first arrived in [[Golden, British Columbia]] to work at the Columbia River Lumber Company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://goldenbcmuseums.com/first-sikh-temple-in-north-america/|title=FIRST SIKH TEMPLE IN NORTH AMERICA|date=March 10, 2021|quote=The first Sikhs came to Golden about 1902, arriving to work in the sawmill of the Columbia River Lumber Company. When the Sikhs arrived in Golden the community was in its infancy and the sawmill had recently opened. The Columbia River Lumber Company recognized the value of these tall strong men and had no problem with the men. They hired them to work in the lumberyard, planer, and sawmill. The first documented proof that we have of South Asians of the Sikh faith being residents of Golden is a copy of a telegram sent to G.T. Bradshaw, Chief of Police, New Westminster from Colin Cameron, Chief of Police, Golden, BC on July 20, 1902. It was sent collect and reads: Geha Singh of Golden sent a telegram to Santa Singh care of Small and Bucklin for one thousand dollars.}}</ref> This was a theme amongst most early Punjabi settlers in Canada to find work in the agricultural and forestry sectors in British Columbia.<ref name="Country Brief – Canada">"[http://moia.gov.in/pdf/Canada.pdf Country Brief – Canada]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20130626020104/http://moia.gov.in/pdf/Canada.pdf Archive]). [[Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs]]. p. 4/7. Retrieved on October 21, 2014. "Emigrants from India today enjoy success in all fields within the economy while there are some concentration in British Columbia in agriculture and forestry."</ref> Punjabis became a prominent ethnic group within the sawmill workforce in British Columbia almost immediately after initial arrival to Canada.<ref name="NayarPunjabisp28">Nayar, ''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia]]'', p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA28 28]. "In fact, early in the twentieth century, when many Chinese and Japanese men were working in sawmills, lumber labour had become associated with ethnicity."</ref>
[[File:Komogata Maru LAC a034014 1914.jpg|thumb|left|275px|Punjabis aboard ''Komagata Maru'' in Vancouver's [[Burrard Inlet]], 1914]]
The early settlers in Golden built the first [[Gurdwara]] (Sikh Temple) in Canada and North America in 1905,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegoldenstar.net/community/sikhs-celebrate-history-in-golden/|title=Sikhs celebrate history in Golden|date=April 26, 2018|quote=The original temple in Golden sat on a corner of a lot, in the south western area of town at the end of the street looking toward where Rona is now. The largest influx of men came from South Asia around 1905, which would be the time period that the temple in Golden would have begun services. In 1926, a fire burned the timber limits of the Columbia River Lumber Company, where the South Asian men worked.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2016TRAN0350-002325|title=Golden's Sikh heritage recognized on new Stop of Interest sign|date=November 9, 2016|quote="We acknowledge the Gurdwara in Golden as the first in B.C., and quite likely the first in North America," said Pyara Lotay, on behalf of the local Sikh community. "We thank the B.C. government for recognizing Golden's Sikh pioneers and their place of worship with this Stop of Interest."}}</ref> which would later be destroyed by fire in 1926.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegoldenstar.net/community/golden-gurdwara-is-recognized-for-its-historical-significance/|title=Golden Gurdwara is recognized for its historical significance|date=June 7, 2017|quote=The original temple sat on the corner of a lot, which is now owned by Gurmit Manhas, at the end of the street past the School Board Office looking towards the Rona. Plans are being put together to erect a kiosk there that would share information about the original building, the first South Asian people to Canada, the importance of the Gurdwara to the Sikh people and the history of why they left and what brought them back. The largest influx of men came from South Asia in about 1905-06, which would be the time period that the Temple would have begun services. In 1926 a fire burned the timber limits of the Columbia River Lumber Company, where all the South Asian men worked and the men left for the coast having no work to do. When the forest started to grow back the men came back and soon it was necessary to build the present Gurdwara on 13th Street South.}}</ref> The second Gurdwara to be built in Canada was in 1908 in [[Kitsilano]] ([[Vancouver]]), aimed at serving a growing number of Punjabi Sikh settlers who worked at nearby sawmills along [[False Creek]] at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vancouverheritagefoundation.org/place-that-matters/first-sikh-temple/|title=First Sikh Temple • Vancouver Heritage Foundation}}</ref> The Gurdwara would later close and be demolished in 1970, with the [[Khalsa Diwan Society Vancouver|temple society]] relocating to the newly built Gurdwara on Ross Street, in South Vancouver. The third Gurdwara to be built in Canada was the [[Gur Sikh Temple]], located in [[Abbotsford, British Columbia]]. Built in 1911, it is the oldest existing Gurdwara in the country and the continent, and was designated as a [[National Historic Sites of Canada|national historic site of Canada]] in 2002.

The first large contingent of South Asians first arrived in 1904; nearly all were Punjabi Sikhs originating from the Chinese cities of [[Guangzhou]] (Canton), [[Hong Kong]], and [[Shanghai]].<ref name="Lalp16">Lal, p. 16.</ref><ref name="AmesConflictp17">Ames, and Inglis, "[http://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/download/789/832 Conflict and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life]," p. 17.</ref> These first settlers began to work in the forestry industry and congregated around sawmills along the [[Fraser River]], including settlements such as [[Fraser Mills]] and [[Queensborough, New Westminster|Queensborough]]; the former in present-day [[Coquitlam]], with the later situated in [[New Westminster, British Columbia|New Westminster]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sikh Heritage Month: The South Asian pioneers of Fraser Mills|work=vancouversun |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/sikh-heritage-month-the-south-asian-pioneers-of-fraser-mills}}</ref> Small towns on [[Vancouver Island]] including [[Paldi, British Columbia|Paldi]] were prominent sites for early South Asian settlement (primarily Punjabi Sikhs) that revolved around the sawmill industry, while a minority also found employment in agriculture in the [[Fraser Valley Regional District|Fraser Valley]] in [[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford]]. Out of these sites, today, both Queensborough and Abbotsford still retain a large South Asian community, each forming around 30% of the local population.

=== 1907 to 1920 ===
[[File:Komagata Maru incident VPL 127 (11326123445).jpg|thumb|275px|Komagata Maru Incident, Vancouver, 1914]]
{{see also|Komagata Maru incident|Continuous journey regulation}}
{{Historical populations
| title = South Asian Canadian population history in [[British Columbia]]
| type = Canada
| align = right
| footnote = ''Source: [[Statistics Canada]]'' <ref name="population2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title=Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810032401 |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="population2016">{{cite web|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census British Columbia [Province] and Canada [Country]|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=59&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=British%20Columbia&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="population2011">{{cite web|title=NHS Profile, British Columbia, 2011|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=59&Data=Count&SearchText=British%20Columbia&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Visible%20minority&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="population2006">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2020-05-01
|title= Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=92333&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=80&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="population2001">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-12-23
|title= Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=62911&PRID=0&PTYPE=55440&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=44&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="population1996">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-06-04 |title= Data tables, 1996 Census Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data) |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census96/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=5216&PRID=0&PTYPE=89103&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=9&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> <ref name="population1991">{{cite web|title=1991 Census Highlights|url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS96-304-1994-eng.pdf|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="population1991B">{{cite web|title=Ethnocultural portrait Provinces and territories Highest proportion of visible minorities in British Columbia |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census01/products/analytic/companion/etoimm/provs.cfm#highest_proportion_visible_minorities |quote=In 1991, the predominant visible minority group in British Columbia was Chinese (192,300 or 5.9% of the provincial population), followed by South Asians (118,200 or 3.6%) and Filipinos (31,100 or 1.0%).|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="population1986">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03
|title=Census Canada 1986 Profile of ethnic groups |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.676331/publication.html |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|34}}<ref name="population1986B">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title= 1986 Census of Canada: Ethnic Diversity In Canada. |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.576036/publication.html |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="population1986C">{{cite web|title=Profile of visible minorities and aboriginal peoples : 1986 census, 20% sample data|date=July 2002 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.676347/publication.html|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="population1981">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=1981 Census of Canada : volume 2 - provincial series : population; language, ethnic origin, religion, place of birth, schooling |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.838030/publication.html |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1976 Census of Canada Population: Demographic Characteristics |url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS92-821-1976.pdf}}</ref><ref name="population1971">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title= 1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I - part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I - partie 3. Ethnic groups. |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.834330/publication.html |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="population1961">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title= 1961 Census of Canada : population : vol. I - part 2 = 1961 Recensement du Canada : population : vol. I - partie 2. Ethnic groups. |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.831160/publication.html |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="population1951">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=Ninth census of Canada, 1951 = Neuvième recensement du Canada Vol. 1. Population: general characteristics. |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.836019/publication.html |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|484}} <ref name="population1941">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=Eighth census of Canada,1941 = Huitième recensement du Canada Vol. 2. Population by local subdivisions. |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.833108/publication.html |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|272}}<ref name="population1941B">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=Eighth census of Canada,1941 = Huitième recensement du Canada Vol. 4. Cross-classifications, interprovincial migration, blind and deaf-mutes. |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.833108/publication.html |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|2}}<ref name="population1931">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title= Seventh census of Canada, 1931. Vol. 2. Population by areas |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.832354/publication.html |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|503}}<ref name="population1911to1921">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title= Sixth census of Canada,1921. v. 1. Population: number, sex and distribution, racial origins, religions |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.830550/publication.html |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|354&356}}<ref>{{cite web|title=1Immigration History: Ethno-Cultural Groups East Indian|website=[[Library and Archives Canada]]|date=17 April 2012|url=https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/immigration/history-ethnic-cultural/Pages/east-indian.aspx |last1=Canada |first1=Library Archives }}</ref><ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|20}}<ref name="Immigration1901to1914">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2017-10-11 |title= Canada Year Book 1913 |url=https://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/1913-eng.htm |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |pages=102–112}}</ref><ref name="Lal1976">{{Cite thesis |last=Lal |first=Brij |date=1976 |title= East Indians in British Columbia 1904-1914 : an historical study in growth and integration |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2429/19965 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=www.open.library.ubc.ca|doi=10.14288/1.0093725 |hdl=2429/19965 }}</ref>{{rp|15}}
| 1901|100
| 1908|5179
| 1911|2292
| 1921|951
| 1931|1283
| 1941|1343
| 1951|1937
| 1961|4526
| 1971|18795
| 1981|56210
| 1986|78810
| [[Canada 1991 Census|1991]]|118200
| [[Canada 1996 Census|1996]]|165010
| [[Canada 2001 Census|2001]]|210420
| [[Canada 2006 Census|2006]]|265595
| [[Canada 2011 Census|2011]]|313440
| [[Canada 2016 Census|2016]]|365705
| [[Canada 2021 Census|2021]]|473970
}}
A large increase in Indian settlement occurred in 1906 and 1907 as nearly 4,800 individuals from South Asia arrived in Canada.<ref name="Lal1976"/><ref name="Immigration1901to1914"/><ref name="SinghHirap94" /> Many immigrants initially settled rural areas, and there they worked in Canada's forestry industry.<ref name="Nayarpxix">Nayar, ''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia]]'', p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8ETZg0CYu40C&pg=PR19 xiv]. "In effect, the study examines the "twice-migration" of the Punjabi community - the migration from India to rural Canada and then the internal migration from rural to urban Canada."</ref><ref>Pontellini, Michaela. "[http://vancouverweekly.com/the-history-of-punjabis-in-british-columbia/ The History of Punjabis in British Columbia]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141022144253/http://vancouverweekly.com/the-history-of-punjabis-in-british-columbia/ Archive]) (book review). ''[[Vancouver Weekly]]''. Retrieved on October 18, 2014.</ref> As of 1908 there were about 5,179 persons of Indian origin in Canada, primarily Punjabi settlers all concentrated in British Columbia forming 1.6 percent of the provincial population at the time,<ref name="Koehnp5">Koehn, p. 5.</ref><ref name="Immigration1901to1914"/><ref name="Lal1976"/> of which many of whom would ultimately migrate south to the [[United States]],<ref>Das, p. [http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf 15] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150524084531/http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf Archive]).</ref> with some heading back to [[British Raj|British India]] or [[British Hong Kong]] as the [[1911 Canadian census|1911 Canadian Census]] later revealed the South Asian Canadian population in British Columbia had declined to 2,342 persons or 0.6 percent of the provincial population.<ref name="population1911to1921"/>{{rp|354&356}}

[[Indophobia|Anti-Indian]] sentiment among the white population increased as the numbers of South Asians increased.<ref name="Lalp16" /> The persons already in British Columbia had already felt anti-Chinese and anti-Japanese sentiment, which had been responsible for [[1907 Vancouver anti-Asian riots|1907 riots]] investigated by the Canadian government. Nevertheless, many Indians continued to arrive on the shores of British Columbia through 1908; in effect, this renewed the hostile feeling of the Canadian people towards East and South Asians.<ref>Das, p. [http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf 8] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150524084531/http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf Archive]).</ref>

[[Kitsilano]], a community straddling [[False Creek]] in Vancouver also played host to a large contingent of Sikh settlers and in 1908 was the site of the second-oldest [[Gurdwara]] (Sikh temple) to be constructed in Canada and North America, three years after the oldest Gurdwara in the country and continent opened in Golden. The third-oldest Gurdwara ([[Gur Sikh Temple]]) to be built in Canada and North America, and the oldest existing Gurdwara in the country and continent was built in Abbotsford in 1911. Later, the fourth Gurdwara to be built Canada was established in 1912 in [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] on Topaz Avenue, while the fifth soon was built at the [[Fraser Mills, British Columbia|Fraser Mills]] ([[Coquitlam]]) settlement in 1913, followed a few years later by the sixth at the Queensborough settlement (1919),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/new-westminster-sikh-temple-celebrates-100-year-anniversary-1.5041082|title=New Westminster Sikh temple celebrates 100-year anniversary|date=March 3, 2019|quote=The Gurdwara Sahib Sukh Sagar is one of the oldest Sikh temples in the country and its members are celebrating the milestone anniversary by reflecting on its historic significance to the local Sikh community. The temple was actually founded more than 100 years ago when a pioneering Sikh named Bhai Bishan Singh bought a house next door to where the building is now. Singh paid $250 for the house, which served as a place of worship until the congregation grew too large. In 1919, Singh bought the neighbouring lot at 347 Wood Street and the Gurdwara Sahib Sukh Sagar was born.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newwestrecord.ca/in-the-community/new-westminster-sikh-temple-welcomes-community-to-celebrate-its-centennial-anniversary-3094558|title=New Westminster Sikh temple welcomes community to celebrate its centennial anniversary|date=February 27, 2019|quote=The Khalsa Diwan Society New Westminster is inviting community members to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Gurdwara Sahib Sukh Sagar in Queensborough. Since opening in 1919, the temple has become an integral part of the Queensborough and New Westminster communities, and has provided a place for Sikhs from New Westminster and the Lower Mainland to gather and to worship. "It is starting up on Thursday and it will be four days, with the main event on Sunday. It's open to anyone within the community – in Queensborough and in New West. It's to show support, learn about each other and the heritage," said Jag Sall, a member of the committee that's organizing the celebration. "I don't think a lot of people know that the Sikh community has been in Queensborough for over 100 years, and/or the gurdwara itself has been there that long. Not just the Sikh community, but other communities in Queensborough have been living there for a century."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thetyee.ca/Culture/2020/01/23/Gurdwara-New-West/|title=The Gurdwara of New West Shares a Century of Stories|date=January 23, 2020|quote=Every Sunday in 1919, the Sikhs of Queensborough on the Fraser River would stroll over to the house of Bhai Bishan Singh for worship. Singh, like many Punjabi immigrants, settled in the New Westminster neighbourhood because he worked upriver at a sawmill. A devout Sikh, he had the holy scripture installed in his home, the Guru Granth Sahib. Singh was a bachelor and gave much of his earnings to the local Khalsa Diwan Society, which in 1908 had built B.C.'s first gurdwara, the Sikh place of worship, in Vancouver. In March 1919, Singh helped the Sikhs of New Westminster start a gurdwara of their own. For $250, Singh bought the property next door and donated it to the society. Later, he would donate his house as well.}}</ref> and the seventh at the Paldi settlement (1919).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cowichanvalleycitizen.com/community/paldi-sikh-temple-in-cowichan-celebrating-100-years/|title=Paldi Sikh Temple in Cowichan celebrating 100 years|date=June 26, 2019|quote=The town's cultural centres were the Japanese community hall and the Sikh Temple, which officially opened July 1, 1919, to coincide with Dominion Day.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/sikh-temple-celebrates-100-years-of-tolerance-1.5194810|title=Sikh temple celebrates 100 years of acceptance in Vancouver Island ghost town|date=June 29, 2019|quote=Paldi's Gurdwara was built in 1919 and soon became one of the most important fixtures of the community, even surviving several town fires.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bcanuntoldhistory.knowledge.ca/1910/the-founding-of-paldi|title=THE FOUNDING OF PALDI|quote=In 1919, Mayo built a Sikh temple, or a gurdwara.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.desitoday.ca/paldi-town-soaked-in-sikh-history/|title=PALDI: Town soaked in Sikh History|quote=Wherever there are five or more Sikh's there will be Sikh Temple even just a spare room in some ones house. Therefore it was only that once the natural that once the mill and bunkhouses were erected the next building should be a Temple. The first official Temple in Paldi was built in 1919. On the same spot where the present Temple is located.}}</ref>

Europeans stated that the increase in Indians during this period was depressing wages, and the employment situation became a job shortage. Trade unions and the Victoria Trade and Labour Council protested the immigration influx.<ref name="SinghHirap94" /> The authorities acted due to pressure from white persons; the federal government instituted immigration restrictions against persons of Indian origin.<ref name="SinghHirap95">Singh, Hira, p. [http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759476&qryID=f6eebacd-996f-4860-967e-1a1d8bb4578e 95] ([https://archive.today/20240527082140/https://www.webcitation.org/6YTtMTeJl?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx%3Fid%3D3759476%26amp;qryID%3Df6eebacd-996f-4860-967e-1a1d8bb4578e Archive]).</ref> Later, Indo-Canadians opposed a 1909 attempt by British authorities to move those in British Columbia to British Honduras, modern day [[Belize]].<ref name="AmesConflictp17" />

In 1908 the British Columbia government passed a law preventing East Indian men from voting. Because eligibility for federal elections originated from provincial voting lists, East Indian men were unable to vote in federal elections.<ref>Nayar, ''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia]]'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA15 page 15].</ref> Restrictions were placed despite the British government's concerns that anti-British sentiment would grow back in India, and that anti-British forces would take advantage of these sentiments.<ref name="SinghHirap95" /> In addition the Canadian government had enacted a $200 [[head tax]] and ''de facto'' blocked significant immigration from India by establishing the ''[[continuous journey regulation]]'' - a rule requiring immigrants to take a continuous journey from their country of origin to Canada. At the time there was no continuous route between India and Canada. There were also measures that prevented wives and children of Indians already resident in Canada from going to Canada. Beginning in 1909 the annual numbers of Indians immigration to Canada did not go above 80 and this did not change until the mid-20th century immigration reforms.<ref name="Koehnp5" />

Throughout much of the community's history it was mostly made up of men due to restrictions on the importation of difficulties in bringing women and children. This era was referred to as the "bunkhouse life",<ref name="AmesConflictp20">Ames, and Inglis, "[http://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/download/789/832 Conflict and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life]," p. 20.</ref> as the men were unable to establish families.<ref>Ames and Inglis, "Tradition and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life," p. 79.</ref> As a result, by 1912 there were fewer than 2,400 persons of Indian origin residing in Canada; this decline was a result of the 1908 restrictions.<ref name="Koehnp5" /> South Asians continued the attempt to immigrate to Canada; the [[Komagata Maru Incident]], involving a ship with 376 Punjabi Sikh, Muslim and Hindus being denied entry into British Columbia, occurred in 1914.<ref name="AmesConflictp18">Ames, and Inglis, "[http://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/download/789/832 Conflict and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life]", p. 18.</ref>

The [[Paldi, British Columbia|Paldi]] mill colony was established by Punjabi immigrants who had invested in the [[Mayo Lumber Company]] in 1916.<ref name="NayarPunjabisp29">Nayar, ''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia]]'', p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA29 29].</ref> Soon later, a count revealed the declining population of South Asians throughout the province; numbers revealed there were 1,100 Indo-Canadians in British Columbia.<ref name="SinghHirap95" /> By 1919, the Canadian government passed the ban against immigration of wives and children of Indians already in Canada. The British Indian authorities had pressured the Canadian government to lift the ban.<ref name="Koehnp5" />

=== 1921 to 1980 ===
[[File:GurdwaraSukhSagar1931.jpg|thumb|275px|[[Queensborough, New Westminster]] Sikh temple in 1931.]]
By 1923 Vancouver became the primary cultural, social, and religious centre of British Columbia Indo-Canadians and it had the largest Indian-origin population of any city in North America.<ref>Das, p. [http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf 20-21] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150524084531/http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf Archive]).</ref> [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] became another centre of Indo-Canadian business activity and members of the ethnic group also settled [[Coombs, British Columbia|Coombs]], [[Duncan, British Columbia|Duncan]], [[Fraser Mills]], [[New Westminster]], and [[Ocean Falls, British Columbia|Ocean Falls]].<ref>Das, p. [http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf 21] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150524084531/http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf Archive]).</ref> As of 1923 rural areas that received Indo-Canadian settlement included those in the [[Fraser Valley]] and [[Vancouver Island]].<ref>Das, p. [http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf 20] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150524084531/http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf Archive]).</ref>

During the 1920s, the South Asian population growth leveled off; by 1929, there were only around 1,000 South Asians British Columbia; most were Punjabis with 80% being Sikh and about 20% were Hindu or Muslim.<ref name="Perryp577578">Perry, p. 577-578.</ref> In the post-[[World War I]] period about half of the Punjabis in British Columbia moved to India as they were unable to find work. Many Punjabis left during the [[Great Depression]] in the 1930s after additional sawmills closed.<ref name="NayarPunjabisp29" /> Many remaining Punjabis were employed at sawmills, particularly those operated by Punjabis, and logging camps.<ref name="NayarPunjabisp2930">Nayar, ''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia]]'', p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA29 29]-[https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA30 30].</ref>

The Canadian authorities passed additional immigration restrictions in the 1930s.<ref name="SinghHirap96">Singh, Hira, p. [http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759477&qryID=f628c5e5-1bc9-4a4d-895e-bab8bc5e0a89 96] ([https://archive.today/20240527082418/https://www.webcitation.org/6YTyFIM9j?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx%3Fid%3D3759477%26amp;qryID%3Df628c5e5-1bc9-4a4d-895e-bab8bc5e0a89 Archive]).</ref> This created a population stagnation in the following decade during the great depression; by 1940, the estimated number of those of South Asian origins in British Columbia was 1,100. Vancouver and several logging camps housed the majority of Indians at that time.<ref name="AmesConflictp20" /> Of all Indian immigrants to Canada, the percentage of those moving to British Columbia in particular was around 90% until the 1950s.<ref>Koehn, p. 4. See footnote 3, citing Sandhu 1972.</ref>

After the [[independence of India]] in 1947 and the beginning of regulation of immigration from India in 1951 the numbers of women and children increased.<ref name="AmesConflictp20" /> This was the first significant immigration from India to Canada since the restrictions were passed in 1908.<ref name="Koehnp5" /> Persons of South Asian origin in BC were given the right to vote in 1947.<ref name="CanadianEncyc">"[http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/british-columbia/ British Columbia]." [[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]. Retrieved on December 27, 2014.</ref> The Canadian government adopted new immigration rules in 1962,<ref name="SinghHirap96" /> ending the quota-by-country system. The [[Immigration Act of 1967]] established a new point system for determining immigration eligibility.<ref name="Koehnp6">Koehn, p. 6.</ref>

By the 1960s Indo-Canadians who came after 1947 outnumbered those who came before 1947 (with most of the latter group coming before 1920).<ref>Srivastava, p. 375-376. "The first batch of immigrants arrived[...]who now form a majority in the community's membership." Also see footnote 6 which defines the author's use of "old-timers" (largely before 1920) and "newcomers" (after 1947).</ref> An increase in the forestry and fishing sectors lead to Punjabi persons moving to the [[Skeena Country]] in the 1960s and 1970s. Once the fishery and forestry industries downturned in the following decades, South Asians began moving to urban areas.<ref name="Nayarpxix" />

The South Asian population would begin growing at an accelerating rate through the 1960s. By 1971, British Columbia had 18,795 residents of South Asian origins; the number of non-Sikhs had increased since the late 1960s. Nevertheless, Punjabi Sikhs still retained a strong majority among the South Asian population in the province; at the time, about 80 per cent of South Asians in British Columbia were Sikh with 90% belonging to the [[Jat people]].<ref name="AmesConflictp17" /> However, since the census had no separate category for Punjabi Sikhs, no accurate figure for them existed with Sikh temples in New Westminster and Vancouver estimating that British Columbia had about 15,000-20,000 Sikhs with most living in the southwest of the province.<ref name="AmesInglisTradChangep78" /><ref name="AmesInglisTradChangep7879">Ames and Inglis, "Tradition and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life," p. 78-79.</ref> By this time, over half of the total South Asians residing in the province lived in Metro Vancouver.<ref name="AmesConflictp1617">Ames, and Inglis, "[http://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/download/789/832 Conflict and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life]," p. 16-17.</ref><ref name="AmesConflictp16">Ames, and Inglis, "[http://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/download/789/832 Conflict and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life]," p. 16.</ref>

Through the 1970s, the South Asian population in the province began to get more diverse fueled by an increase in immigration of persons of South Asian origin who were not Sikhs.<ref name="AmesConflictp17" /> Nevertheless, the Sikh population continued to grow throughout the province and by the mid-1980s, the estimated population exceeded 40,000 in Greater Vancouver and 20,000 in other areas of British Columbia for a total of over 60,000.<ref name="JoyWorkEthp93" />

=== 1981 to present ===
In 1986, following the British Columbia provincial election, [[Moe Sihota]] became the first Canadian of South Asian ancestry to be elected to provincial parliament. Sihota, who was born in [[Duncan, British Columbia]] in 1955, ran as the NDP Candidate in the riding of [[Esquimalt-Port Renfrew]] two years after being involved in municipal politics, as he was elected as an [[Alderman]] for the City of [[Esquimalt]] in 1984.

[[Inderjit Singh Reyat]], convicted of being involved in the [[Air India Flight 182]] bombing,<ref name="dowd">{{cite news|last=Dowd |first=Allan |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE68H1W220100918 |title="Canadian convicted of lying in Air India bomb case", Reuters Sept 18, 2010 |work=Reuters |date= 18 September 2010|access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> was a resident of [[Duncan, British Columbia|Duncan]].<ref name="FormerDuncan">"[http://www.westerlynews.ca/bc-news/air-india-bomb-maker-a-former-duncan-resident-appeals-nine-year-perjury-sentence-1.712260 Air India bomb maker, a former Duncan resident, appeals nine-year perjury sentence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105132144/http://www.westerlynews.ca/bc-news/air-india-bomb-maker-a-former-duncan-resident-appeals-nine-year-perjury-sentence-1.712260 |date=2015-01-05 }}." ''[[The Canadian Press]]''. November 27, 2013. Retrieved on January 5, 2015.</ref> The "Duncan Blast", a test explosion, occurred outside of Duncan,<ref>Staff. "[https://www.straight.com/news/john-majors-air-india-flight-182-inquirys-key-findings-bomb-exploded-1985-killing-329-people John Major's Air India Flight 182 inquiry's key findings before the bomb exploded in 1985, killing 329 people]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150105133852/http://www.straight.com/news/john-majors-air-india-flight-182-inquirys-key-findings-bomb-exploded-1985-killing-329-people Archive]). ''[[The Georgia Straight]]''. July 17, 2010. Retrieved on January 5, 2015. " When a CSIS surveillance team observed experiments involving a test explosion conducted by Sikh extremists in the woods in Duncan B.C. in June 1985 (the Duncan Blast), the loud sound heard was misinterpreted as a gunshot."</ref> on June 4, 1985. Reyat was present at the test explosion.<ref>"[http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sikh-probe-took-wrong-turn-after-duncan-blast-former-csis-agent-1.672409 Sikh probe took wrong turn after Duncan blast: former CSIS agent]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150131173845/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sikh-probe-took-wrong-turn-after-duncan-blast-former-csis-agent-1.672409 Archive]). [[CBC News]]. May 24, 2007. Retrieved on January 5, 2015.</ref> The bomb that went on AI182 was first placed on a connecting flight that departed Vancouver.<ref>Staff. "[https://www.straight.com/news/john-majors-air-india-flight-182-inquirys-key-findings-bomb-exploded-1985-killing-329-people John Major's Air India Flight 182 inquiry's key findings before the bomb exploded in 1985, killing 329 people]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150105133852/http://www.straight.com/news/john-majors-air-india-flight-182-inquirys-key-findings-bomb-exploded-1985-killing-329-people Archive]). ''[[The Georgia Straight]]''. July 17, 2010. Retrieved on January 5, 2015.</ref>

While wide-scale urbanization of the South Asian community had been ongoing for decades, the most statistically significant populations nonetheless continued to exist across rural parts of the province through the late 20th century; a legacy of previous waves of immigration and settlement patterns that existed earlier in the 20th century, as Punjabi Sikh Canadians and new immigrants continued to seek employment in the provincial forestry sector at sawmills throughout the [[Vancouver Island|island]] and [[British Columbia Interior|interior]]. During the period between 1981 and 1996, small towns including [[Fort St. James]] (South Asians formed 22 percent of the total population), [[Quesnel, British Columbia|Quesnel]] (14 percent), [[Lake Cowichan]] (13 percent), [[Merritt, British Columbia|Merritt]] (13 percent), [[Williams Lake, British Columbia|Williams Lake]] (12 percent), [[Tahsis]] (10 percent), [[Golden, British Columbia|Golden]] (10 percent), [[100 Mile House]] (10 percent), [[Squamish, British Columbia|Squamish]] (9 percent), and [[Lillooet]] (9 percent) had the largest South Asian concentrations in Canada.<ref name="population1981" /><ref name="citypopulations1981" /><ref name="citypopulations1986" /><ref name="citypopulations1991" /><ref name="citypopulations1996" /><ref name="citypopulations1996B" />

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable"
|+ Rural [[British Columbia]] subdivisions with high South Asian populations (1981−1996)
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subdivision
! rowspan="2" | [[Regional district]]
! colspan="4" | Percentage
|-
![[Census in Canada|1981]]<ref name="population1981" /><ref name="citypopulations1981">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2020-05-26 |title= Data tables, 1981 Census Profile for Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1981 Census - Part B |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census81/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=113752&PRID=0&PTYPE=113743&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1986&THEME=134&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
![[Census in Canada|1986]]<ref name="citypopulations1986">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-06-27 |title= Data tables, 1986 Census Census Profile for Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1986 Census - Part B |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census86/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=113685&PRID=0&PTYPE=113679&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1986&THEME=133&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
![[1991 Canadian census|1991]]<ref name="citypopulations1991">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-03-29
|title= 1991 Census Area Profiles Profile of Census Divisions and Subdivisions - Part B |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census91/data/profiles/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=30&PRID=0&PTYPE=3&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1991&THEME=113&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
![[1996 Canadian census|1996]]<ref name="citypopulations1996">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-06-04 |title= Data tables, 1996 Census Top 25 Ethnic Origins in Canada by Age Groups (13), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data) |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census96/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=15511&PRID=0&PTYPE=89103&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=9&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="citypopulations1996B">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-06-04
|title= Electronic Area Profiles Profile of Census Divisions and Subdivisions, 1996 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census96/data/profiles/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=35782&PRID=0&PTYPE=89103&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=34&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="citypopulations1996C">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-06-04
|title= Population Able to Speak Various Non-official Languages (73), Showing Age Groups (13A) and Sex (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data) |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census96/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=13637&PRID=0&PTYPE=89103&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=6&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="citypopulations1996D">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-06-04
|title= Total Population by Visible Minority Population (14) and Age Groups (13), Showing Sex (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data) |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census96/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=15521&PRID=0&PTYPE=89103&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=9&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|-
|[[Fort St. James]]
|[[Regional District of Bulkley-Nechako|Bulkley-Nechako]]
| {{Percentage | 345 | 2235 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 335 | 1980 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 435 | 2015 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 405 | 2045 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Quesnel, British Columbia|Quesnel]]
|[[Cariboo Regional District|Cariboo]]
| {{Percentage | 1155 | 8135 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1130 | 8260 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1040 | 8100 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1150 | 8375 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Lake Cowichan]]
|[[Cowichan Valley Regional District|Cowichan Valley]]
| {{Percentage | 310 | 2435 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 160 | 2185 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 105 | 2240 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 2855 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Merritt, British Columbia|Merritt]]
|[[Thompson-Nicola Regional District|Thompson-Nicola]]
| {{Percentage | 715 | 6135 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 815 | 6180 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 655 | 6220 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 715 | 7600 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Tahsis]]
|[[Comox-Strathcona Regional District|Comox-Strathcona]]
| {{Percentage | 180 | 1740 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 175 | 1395 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 90 | 1090 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 955 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Williams Lake, British Columbia|Williams Lake]]
|[[Cariboo Regional District|Cariboo]]
| {{Percentage | 835 | 8230 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1165 | 10120 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1035 | 10270 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1025 | 10350 | 2 }}
|-
|[[100 Mile House]]
|[[Cariboo Regional District|Cariboo]]
| {{Percentage | 180 | 1885 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 55 | 1640 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 115 | 1885 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 1815 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Lillooet]]
|[[Squamish-Lillooet Regional District|Squamish-Lillooet]]
| {{Percentage | 140 | 1580 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 100 | 1680 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 105 | 1755 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1955 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Golden, British Columbia|Golden]]
|[[Columbia-Shuswap Regional District|Columbia-Shuswap]]
| {{Percentage | 220 | 3340 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 345 | 3520 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 340 | 3690 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 250 | 3935 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Elkford]]
|[[Regional District of East Kootenay|East Kootenay]]
| {{Percentage | 190 | 3115 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 230 | 3185 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 175 | 2920 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 225 | 2740 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Alberni]]
|[[Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District|Alberni-Clayoquot]]
| {{Percentage | 1100 | 19735 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1170 | 18125 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1025 | 18270 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1165 | 18250 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Houston, British Columbia|Houston]]
|[[Regional District of Bulkley-Nechako|Bulkley-Nechako]]
| {{Percentage | 205 | 3920 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 320 | 3905 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 255 | 3630 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 290 | 3930 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Squamish, British Columbia|Squamish]]
|[[Squamish-Lillooet Regional District|Squamish-Lillooet]]
| {{Percentage | 490 | 10310 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 565 | 10120 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 695 | 11660 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1245 | 13935 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Terrace, British Columbia|Terrace]]
|[[Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine|Kitimat-Stikine]]
| {{Percentage | 480 | 10785 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 435 | 10450 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 690 | 11330 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 580 | 12660 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Mackenzie, British Columbia|Mackenzie]]
|[[Regional District of Fraser–Fort George|Fraser-Fort George]]
| {{Percentage | 250 | 5895 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 325 | 5545 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 290 | 5790 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 265 | 5985 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Thompson-Nicola Regional District#Electoral Areas|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision A]]{{efn|name="Thompson_Nicola_Subdivision_A"|[[Rural area|Rural]] region including [[Clearwater, British Columbia|Clearwater]], [[Vavenby]], etc.}}
|[[Thompson-Nicola Regional District|Thompson-Nicola]]
| {{Percentage | 355 | 8375 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 305 | 7995 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 270 | 7625 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 155 | 8575 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kitimat]]
|[[Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine|Kitimat-Stikine]]
| {{Percentage | 540 | 12745 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 670 | 11130 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 660 | 11280 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 430 | 11110 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Vanderhoof, British Columbia|Vanderhoof]]
|[[Regional District of Bulkley-Nechako|Bulkley-Nechako]]
| {{Percentage | 110 | 2630 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 70 | 3450 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 120 | 3985 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 95 | 4360 | 2 }}
|-
|[[North Cowichan]]
|[[Cowichan Valley Regional District|Cowichan Valley]]
| {{Percentage | 750 | 18305 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 905 | 18535 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 800 | 21255 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 960 | 25105 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Sparwood]]
|[[Regional District of East Kootenay|East Kootenay]]
| {{Percentage | 140 | 4170 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 155 | 4540 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 140 | 4135 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 3980 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Campbell River, British Columbia|Campbell River]]
|[[Comox-Strathcona Regional District|Comox-Strathcona]]
| {{Percentage | 475 | 15875 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 385 | 16860 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 280 | 21045 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 515 | 28730 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert]]
|[[North Coast Regional District|North Coast]]
| {{Percentage | 405 | 16110 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 480 | 15485 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 435 | 16560 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 625 | 16630 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Ladysmith, British Columbia|Ladysmith]]
|[[Cowichan Valley Regional District|Cowichan Valley]]
| {{Percentage | 110 | 4560 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 100 | 4385 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 50 | 4865 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 6425 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Hardy]]
|[[Regional District of Mount Waddington|Mount Waddington]]
| {{Percentage | 115 | 5135 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 180 | 5385 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 85 | 5075 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 5280 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kamloops]]
|[[Thompson-Nicola Regional District|Thompson-Nicola]]
| {{Percentage | 1175 | 63230 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1510 | 61025 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1250 | 66335 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1735 | 75630 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port McNeill|Port McNeil]]
|[[Regional District of Mount Waddington|Mount Waddington]]
| {{Percentage | 45 | 2440 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 2505 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 55 | 2685 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2925 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]]
|[[Regional District of Fraser–Fort George|Fraser-Fort George]]
| {{Percentage | 1140 | 67305 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1490 | 67305 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1620 | 69315 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1735 | 74725 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Midway, British Columbia|Midway]]
|[[Regional District of Kootenay Boundary|Kootenay Boundary]]
| {{Percentage | 10 | 700 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 50 | 630 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 610 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 690 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Duncan, British Columbia|Duncan]]
|[[Cowichan Valley Regional District|Cowichan Valley]]
| {{Percentage | 75 | 5760 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 105 | 3875 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 160 | 4055 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 75 | 4430 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Fort Nelson, British Columbia|Fort Nelson]]
|[[Northern Rockies Regional Municipality|Northern Rockies]]
| {{Percentage | 40 | 3810 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 55 | 3740 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 3755 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 4400 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Fernie, British Columbia|Fernie]]
|[[Regional District of East Kootenay|East Kootenay]]
| {{Percentage | 55 | 5390 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 100 | 5130 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 4945 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4815 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Columbia-Shuswap Regional District#Regional District Electoral Areas|Columbia-Shuswap Subdivision A]]{{efn|name="Columbia_Shuswap_Subdivision_A"|[[Rural area|Rural]] region including [[Donald, British Columbia|Donald]], [[Field, British Columbia|Field]], and surrounding small settlements.}}
|[[Columbia-Shuswap Regional District|Columbia-Shuswap]]
| {{Percentage | 30 | 3045 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 55 | 3070 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3125 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3305 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Vernon, British Columbia|Vernon]]
|[[Regional District of North Okanagan|North Okanagan]]
| {{Percentage | 180 | 19640 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 340 | 19705 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 305 | 22960 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 580 | 31285 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Gold River, British Columbia|Gold River]]
|[[Comox-Strathcona Regional District|Comox-Strathcona]]
| {{Percentage | 20 | 2310 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 1940 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2130 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2025 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Montrose, British Columbia|Montrose]]
|[[Regional District of Kootenay Boundary|Kootenay Boundary]]
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1220 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 60 | 1080 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 1225 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 75 | 1185 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Penticton]]
|[[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen|Okanagan-Similkameen]]
| {{Percentage | 185 | 22905 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 355 | 23255 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 365 | 26910 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 870 | 30645 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Logan Lake]]
|[[Thompson-Nicola Regional District|Thompson-Nicola]]
| {{Percentage | 20 | 2520 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 2115 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 2380 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2505 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen#Electoral areas|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision B]]{{efn|name="Okanagan_Similkameen_Subdivision_B"|[[Rural area|Rural]] region including [[Cawston, British Columbia|Cawston]] and surrounding small settlements.}}
|[[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen|Okanagan-Similkameen]]
| {{Percentage | 70 | 9155 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 140 | 8970 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 370 | 8165 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 735 | 9010 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Pemberton, British Columbia|Pemberton]]
|[[Squamish-Lillooet Regional District|Squamish-Lillooet]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 275 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 365 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 500 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 850 | 2 }}
|-
! Canada
! Total
! {{Percentage | 223235 | 24083495 | 2 }}
! {{Percentage | 300545 | 25022005 | 2 }}
! {{Percentage | 505515 | 26994040 | 2 }}
! {{Percentage | 723345 | 28528125 | 2 }}
|}
{{clear}}

[[File:Merritt Sikh Temple -3.jpg|thumb|right|Gurdwara in [[Merritt, BC]], 2019]]
The 1991 [[Statistics Canada]] census counted over 67,495 people in British Columbia natively spoke Punjabi.<ref name="Koehnp8">Koehn, p. 8.</ref> From January 1992 through March of the same year, 7,121 Indian immigrants settled in British Columbia. The number of Indian immigrants to British Columbia at that time made up around 25% of all Indian immigration to Canada with Indian immigration accounting for 10% of the total immigration to British Columbia. This made India the third most common origin of immigrants to the province. Over half of the new Indian immigrants settled in Greater Vancouver.<ref name="Koehnp6" /> Meanwhile in the mid-1990s, the number of jobs in forestry decreased, thus threatening the livelihood of many South Asians across the province. Eventually the British Columbian forest sector collapsed in the early 2000s; this prompted many South Asians - mainly Punjabi Sikhs - residing in sawmill-based towns throughout the interior to relocate to urban areas.<ref>Nayar, ''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia]]'', p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA27 27].</ref>

As of the [[Statistics Canada]] 2001 Census there were 210,420 Indo-Canadians in British Columbia. In terms of ethnic origins, of BC's Indo-Canadians, 183,650 were East Indian, 16,565 were Punjabi, 6,270 were Pakistani, 6,160 were South Asian, n.i.e., 2,295 were Sri Lankan, 1,185 were Tamil, 560 were Bangladeshi, 450 were Sinhalese, 305 were Nepali, 295 were Bengali, 250 were Goan, 205 were Gujarati, and 55 were Kashmiri. As of the same census, a total of 163,340 Indo-Canadians lived in the Vancouver region.<ref name="StatsCanada" />

In the 2020s, [[extortion]] cases against primarily South Asians rose in British Columbia, including the communities of Surrey and Abbotsford.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Jon |date=10 November 2025 |title=B.C. extortion timeline: when it started and who might be behind it |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/extortion-bc-timeline-9.6950645 |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=4 April 2026}}</ref>

== Demography ==
{{image frame
|content={{Graph:Chart
|height=333
|width=666
|xAxisTitle=Year
|yAxisMin=0
|yAxisMax=947940
|xGrid=
|yAxisTitle=Population
|yGrid=
|y1Title=Canada
|type=line
|showSymbols=
|x=1901, 1908, 1911, 1921, 1931, 1941, 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, 2021
|y1=100, 5209, 2292, 951, 1283, 1343, 1937, 4526, 18795, 56210, 78810, 118200, 165010, 210420, 265595, 313440, 365705, 473970
|colors=red,lightblue,pink,blue,lightgreen,orange}}
|caption=Canadians of South Asian descent in British Columbia: Total population (1901−2021)
|border=no
}}
{{image frame
|content={{Graph:Chart
|height=333
|width=666
|xAxisTitle=Year
|yAxisMin=0
|yAxisMax=19.283
|xGrid=
|yAxisTitle=Percentage
|yGrid=
|y1Title=Canada
|type=line
|showSymbols=
|x=1901, 1908, 1911, 1921, 1931, 1941, 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, 2021
|y1=0.056, 1.577, 0.584, 0.181, 0.185, 0.164, 0.166, 0.278, 0.860, 2.071, 2.766, 3.640, 4.472, 5.439, 6.519, 7.248, 8.019, 9.641
|colors=red,lightblue,pink,blue,lightgreen,orange}}
|caption=Canadians of South Asian descent in British Columbia: Percentage of the total population (1901–2021)
|border=no
}}

=== Population ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ South Asian Canadian population history in British Columbia (1901–2021)
|-
!Year
!Population
!% of total population
|-
|1901 <ref name="WaltonRobertsThreeReadingsp316" />
| align="right" |>100
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 100 | 178657 | 3 }}
|-
|1908 <ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|20}}<ref name="Immigration1901to1914"/><ref name="Lal1976"/>{{rp|15}}
| align="right" |5,179
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 5179 | 328333 | 3 }}
|-
|1911 <ref name="population1911to1921" />{{rp|354&356}}<ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|20}}
| align="right" |2,292
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 2292 | 392480 | 3 }}
|-
|1921 <ref name="population1911to1921" />{{rp|354&356}}<ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|20}}
| align="right" |951
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 951 | 524582 | 3 }}
|-
|1931 <ref name="population1931" />{{rp|503}}<ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|20}}
| align="right" |1,283
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 1283 | 694263 | 3 }}
|-
|1941 <ref name="population1941" />{{rp|272}}<ref name="population1941B" />{{rp|2}}<ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|20}}
| align="right" |1,343
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 1343 | 817861 | 3 }}
|-
|1951 <ref name="population1951" />{{rp|484}}<ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|20}}
| align="right" |1,937
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 1937 | 1165210 | 3 }}
|-
|1961 <ref name="population1961" /><ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|20}}
| align="right" |4,526
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 4526 | 1629082 | 3 }}
|-
|1971 <ref name="population1971" /><ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|20}}
| align="right" |18,795
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 18795 | 2184620 | 3 }}
|-
|1981 <ref name="population1981" />
| align="right" |56,210
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 56210 | 2713615 | 3 }}
|-
|1986 <ref name="population1986" />{{rp|34}}<ref name="population1986B" /><ref name="population1986C" />
| align="right" |78,810
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 78810 | 2849585 | 3 }}
|-
|1991 <ref name="population1991" /><ref name="population1991B" />
| align="right" |118,200
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 118200 | 3247505 | 3 }}
|-
|1996 <ref name="population1996" />
| align="right" |165,010
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 165010 | 3689755 | 3 }}
|-
|2001 <ref name="population2001" />
| align="right" |210,420
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 210420 | 3868870 | 3 }}
|-
|2006 <ref name="population2006" />
| align="right" |265,595
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 265595 | 4074380 | 3 }}
|-
|2011 <ref name="population2011" />
| align="right" |313,440
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 313440 | 4324455 | 3 }}
|-
|2016 <ref name="population2016" />
| align="right" |365,705
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 365705 | 4560240 | 3 }}
|-
|2021 <ref name="population2021" />
| align="right" |473,970
| align="right" |{{Percentage | 473970 | 4915940 | 3 }}
|}

South Asian settlement in British Columbia began in the late 19th century; by 1901, there were upwards of 100 who had entered the province. This number grew rapidly and peaked at 5,179 in 1908<ref name="Immigration1901to1914"/><ref name="Lal1976"/>{{rp|15}} before declining to around 1,000 in 1921 and later stagnating through to the early 1950s.<ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|20}} Prior to the elimination of racial restrictions to Canada in 1961, the South Asian population in British Columbia had grown to approximately 4,530.<ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|20}}

According to the [[2021 Canadian census]], the South Asian Canadian population in British Columbia stood at 473,970 persons, accounting for just over 9.6% of the total provincial population.<ref name="population2021" /> The growth of the population is primarily attributed to sustained invitations of immigration from South Asian nations. The vast majority of South Asian immigrants who immigrate to and reside in British Columbia trace their roots to the [[Punjab region]] of India and Pakistan; the province has the largest [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] population in Canada. According to a 2022 study conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], British Columbians with South Asian ancestry will grow to between 807,000 and 1.1 million by 2041 or 13.4 to 14.7 percent of the provincial population overall.<ref name="FutureProjectionsA">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-08 |title=Canada in 2041: A larger, more diverse population with greater differences between regions |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220908/dq220908a-eng.htm |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="FutureProjectionsB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-08 |title=Projected population by racialized group, generation status and other selected characteristics (x 1,000) |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710014601 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>

=== National origins ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+ South Asian Canadians in British Columbia by national origin (1996–2016)
|-
| rowspan=2 |
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|<big>2016</big><ref name="population2016" />
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|<big>2011</big><ref name="population2011" />
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|<big>2006</big><ref name="population2006" />
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|<big>2001</big><ref name="population2001" />
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|<big>1996</big><ref name="population1996" />
|-
!Population
!%
!Population
!%
!Population
!%
!Population
!%
!Population
!%
|-
| style="text-align:left"| [[Indo-Canadians|India]]{{efn|[[2016 Canadian census|2016 census]]: Statistic includes all persons with ethnic or cultural origin responses with ancestry to the nation of India, including "Bengali" (850), "Goan" (485), "Gujarati" (700), "East Indian" (309,315), "Kashmiri" (185), "Punjabi" (38,725), and "Tamil" (1,235).<ref name="population2016" /> [[2011 Canadian census|2011 census]]: Statistic includes all persons with ethnic or cultural origin responses with ancestry to the nation of India, including "Bengali" (615), "Goan" (275), "Gujarati" (560), "East Indian" (274,065), "Kashmiri" (70), "Punjabi" (24,240), and "Tamil" (1,260).<ref name="population2011" /> [[2006 Canadian census|2006 census]]: Statistic includes all persons with ethnic or cultural origin responses with ancestry to the nation of India, including "Bengali" (470), "Goan" (365), "Gujarati" (535), "East Indian" (232,370), "Kashmiri" (90), "Punjabi" (18,525), and "Tamil" (850).<ref name="population2006" /> [[2001 Canadian census|2001 census]]: Statistic includes all persons with ethnic or cultural origin responses with ancestry to the nation of India, including "Bengali" (295), "Goan" (250), "Gujarati" (205), "East Indian" (183,650), "Kashmiri" (55), "Punjabi" (16,565), and "Tamil" (1,185).<ref name="population2001" /> [[1996 Canadian census|1996 census]]: Statistic includes all persons with ethnic or cultural origin responses with ancestry to the nation of India, including "Bengali" (190), "Goan" (280), "Gujarati" (300), "East Indian" (141,370), "Punjabi" (18,950), and "Tamil" (585).<ref name="population1996" />|name=indianorigin}}
| 351,495
| {{Percentage | 351495 | 365705 | 2 }}
| 301,085
| {{Percentage | 301085 | 313440 | 2 }}
| 253,205
| {{Percentage | 253205 | 265595 | 2 }}
| 202,205
| {{Percentage | 202205 | 210420 | 2 }}
| 161,675
| {{Percentage | 161675 | 165010 | 2 }}
|-
| style="text-align:left"| [[Pakistani Canadians|Pakistan]]
| 12,585
| {{Percentage | 12585 | 365705 | 2 }}
| 9,770
| {{Percentage | 9770 | 313440 | 2 }}
| 7,975
| {{Percentage | 7975 | 265595 | 2 }}
| 6,270
| {{Percentage | 6270 | 210420 | 2 }}
| 4,180
| {{Percentage | 4180 | 165010 | 2 }}
|-
| style="text-align:left"| [[Sri Lankan Canadians|Sri Lanka]]
| 5,710
| {{Percentage | 5710 | 365705 | 2 }}
| 5,215
| {{Percentage | 5215 | 313440 | 2 }}
| 4,150
| {{Percentage | 4150 | 265595 | 2 }}
| 2,295
| {{Percentage | 2295 | 210420 | 2 }}
| 1,430
| {{Percentage | 1430 | 165010 | 2 }}
|-
| style="text-align:left"| [[Bangladeshi Canadians|Bangladesh]]
| 1,840
| {{Percentage | 1840 | 365705 | 2 }}
| 1,210
| {{Percentage | 1210 | 313440 | 2 }}
| 840
| {{Percentage | 840 | 265595 | 2 }}
| 560
| {{Percentage | 560 | 210420 | 2 }}
| 245
| {{Percentage | 245 | 165010 | 2 }}
|-
| style="text-align:left"| [[Nepalese Canadians|Nepal]]
| 1,495
| {{Percentage | 1495 | 365705 | 2 }}
| 1,255
| {{Percentage | 1255 | 313440 | 2 }}
| 570
| {{Percentage | 570 | 265595 | 2 }}
| 305
| {{Percentage | 305 | 210420 | 2 }}
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| style="text-align:left"| [[Bhutanese people|Bhutan]]
| 120
| {{Percentage | 120 | 365705 | 2 }}
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| style="text-align:left"| '''Total South Asian Canadian population in British Columbia'''
| '''365,705'''
| '''{{Percentage | 365705 | 365705 | 2 }}'''
| '''313,440'''
| '''{{Percentage | 313440 | 313440 | 2 }}'''
| '''265,595'''
| '''{{Percentage | 265595 | 265595 | 2 }}'''
| '''210,420'''
| '''{{Percentage | 210420 | 210420 | 2 }}'''
| '''165,010'''
| '''{{Percentage | 165010 | 165010 | 2 }}'''
|}
*Note: Totals exceed 100% due to multiple origin responses.
{{clear}}

Presently, the majority of the South Asian population in British Columbia remains of [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] heritage, predominantly of the [[Sikhism|Sikh]] faith.

According to the [[2021 Canadian census]], the Punjabi population in British Columbia is 315,000,<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2021" />{{efn|name="PunjabiPopulation"|Statistic includes all speakers of the [[Punjabi language]], as many [[Immigrant generations|multi-generation]] individuals do not speak the language as a [[Mother-tongue|mother tongue]], but instead as a [[Second language|second]] or [[Third language acquisition|third language]]}} representing approximately 6.4 percent of the total population. Furthermore, as per the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], 92 percent of Punjabis in British Columbia were [[Sikhs|Sikh]], with the remaining 8 percent being [[Punjabi Hindus|Hindu]], [[Punjabi Muslims|Muslim]] or adherents of another faith.{{efn|name="PunjabiReligion"|All speakers of the [[Punjabi language]], as many [[Immigrant generations|multi-generation]] individuals do not speak the language as a [[Mother-tongue|mother tongue]], but instead as a [[Second language|second]] or [[Third language acquisition|third language]],<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2021" /> divided by the total number of Sikhs in the province.<ref name="religion2021" />}}

{{Historical populations
| title = Punjabi population history in [[British Columbia]]{{efn|name="PunjabiPopulation"}}{{efn|name=PunjabiPopulationB|Census data on total language speakers began during the [[1991 Canadian census|1991 census]]. [[1981 Canadian census|1981]]<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages1981"/><ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages1981B"/> (x1.375) and [[1986 Canadian census|1986 census]]<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages1986"/> (x1.5) figures are regression estimates derived using the proportion of total Punjabi speakers to Punjabi mother tongue speakers from the 1991 census, which was approximately 1.5 times greater.}}
| type = Canada
| align = left
| footnote = ''Source: [[Statistics Canada]]'' <ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2021">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000259&HEADERlist=,15,13,18,12,16,14,17&SearchText=British%20Columbia|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table British Columbia [Province] Total – Knowledge of languages for the population in private households – 25% sample data |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2016">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=59&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=British+Columbia&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1&type=0|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census British Columbia [Province] and Canada [Country] Language |date=8 February 2017 |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2011">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=59&Data=Count&SearchText=British%20Columbia&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Non-official%20language&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|title=NHS Profile, British Columbia, 2011 Non-official language|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2006">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=89189&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=705&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=Various Languages Spoken (147), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2001">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=55664&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=41&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=Various Non-official Languages Spoken (76), Age Groups (13) and Sex (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Data|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages1996">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census96/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=13637&PRID=0&PTYPE=89103&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=6&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=Population Able to Speak Various Non-official Languages (73), Showing Age Groups (13A) and Sex (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)|date=3 March 1998 |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages1991">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census91/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=58&PRID=0&PTYPE=4&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1991&THEME=110&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|title=L9105 – Population Able to Speak Various Non-official Languages (11), Showing Age Groups (13b) – Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions|date=21 August 2018 |access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages1986">{{cite web|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.588569/publication.html|title=Census Recensement Canada 1986 The Nation Le pays Language : part 1|date=July 2002 |access-date=19 November 2023}}</ref><ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages1981">{{cite web|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.837638/publication.html|title=1981 Census of Canada : volume 1 - national series : population = Recensement du Canada de 1981 : volume 1 - série nationale : population. Mother tongue.| date=July 2002 |access-date=19 November 2023}}</ref><ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages1981B">{{cite web|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.837638/publication.html|title=1981 Census of Canada : volume 1 - national series : population = Recensement du Canada de 1981 : volume 1 - série nationale : population. Mother tongue, official language and home language.| date=July 2002 |access-date=19 November 2023}}</ref>
|[[1981 Canadian census|1981]]|45000
|[[1986 Canadian census|1986]]|54075
|[[1991 Canadian census|1991]]|77830
|[[1996 Canadian census|1996]]|112365
|[[2001 Canadian census|2001]]|142785
|[[2006 Canadian census|2006]]|184590
|[[2011 Canadian census|2011]]|213315
|[[2016 Canadian census|2016]]|244485
|[[2021 Canadian census|2021]]|315000
}}
{{Bar chart
| title = Punjabi proportion of the South Asian population in [[British Columbia]] (1981—2021)
| label_type = Year
| data_type = Proportion %
| bar_width = 33
| width_units = em
| data_max = 100
| label1 = [[1981 Canadian census|1981]]
| data1 = 80.06
| label2 = [[1986 Canadian census|1986]]
| data2 = 68.61
| label3 = [[1991 Canadian census|1991]]
| data3 = 65.85
| label4 = [[1996 Canadian census|1996]]
| data4 = 68.10
| label5 = [[2001 Canadian census|2001]]
| data5 = 67.86
| label6 = [[2006 Canadian census|2006]]
| data6 = 69.50
| label7 = [[2011 Canadian census|2011]]
| data7 = 68.06
| label8 = [[2016 Canadian census|2016]]
| data8 = 66.85
| label9 = [[2021 Canadian census|2021]]
| data9 = 66.46
}}
{{clear}}

While the heavy concentration of [[Punjabi Canadians|Punjabis in Canada]] relative to their proportion in South Asia continues to exist, it is more pronounced in British Columbia compared with other provinces, owing to historical settlement patterns as Punjabis were the first South Asian-origin group to settle in the province.<ref name="Johnston1984">{{cite journal | last = Johnston | first = Hugh | date = 1984 | title = The East Indians in Canada | url = https://cha-shc.ca/_uploads/5c3747af03156.pdf | journal = Canada's Ethnic Groups | location = Ottawa | publisher = Canadian Historical Association | access-date = 24 August 2022 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Nonetheless, despite the large proportion of Punjabis in the province, the South Asian population in British Columbia remains diverse; minority populations of [[Gujarati people|Gujaratis]], [[Bengali people|Bengalis]], and individuals from [[South India]] as well as [[Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa|East African]] [[Ismailism|Ismailis]], and [[Indians in Fiji|Fijian Indians]] are present.<ref name="Johnston1984" />

=== Language ===
As of 2021, the most prominent South Asian languages spoken in British Columbia include [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Hindustani language|Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu)]] and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]].<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2021" />

In particular, the Punjabi speaking population in British Columbia has witnessed constant growth over recent decades. [[1991 Canadian census|In 1991]], nearly 78,000 people in British Columbia spoke Punjabi;<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages1991" /> [[1996 Canadian census|by 1996]] this number grew to approximately 112,000.<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages1996" /> [[2001 Canadian census|By 2001]], roughly 143,000 people in the province spoke Punjabi,<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2001" /> climbing to around 185,000 [[2006 Canadian census|in 2006]],<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2006" /> to 213,000 [[2011 Canadian census|in 2011]],<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2011" /> with further growth to about 244,000 [[2016 Canadian census|by 2016]].<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2016" />

[[2021 Canadian census|As of 2021]], British Columbia has about 315,000 Punjabi speakers, accounting for roughly 6.4% of the total provincial population.<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2021" /> Punjabi is also the third most known language across British Columbia, after English and French.<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2021" /> Due to the prominence of Punjabi in British Columbia, some provincial and federal institutions in some municipalities across the province have literature and office signage using the [[Gurmukhi]] script.<ref name="Sutherlandp1077">Sutherland, Anne. "Sikhs in Canada." In: Ember, Carol R., Melvin Ember, and Ian A. Skoggard. ''Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Volume I: Overviews and Topics; Volume II: Diaspora Communities''. [[Springer Science & Business Media]], 2005. {{ISBN|0306483211}}, 9780306483219. CITED: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7QEjPVyd9YMC&pg=PA1077 1077].</ref>

==== Knowledge of language ====
Many South Asian Canadians speak [[Canadian English]] or [[Canadian French]] as a first language, as many [[Immigrant generations|multi-generational]] individuals do not speak South Asian languages as a [[Mother-tongue|mother tongue]], but instead may speak one or multiple{{efn|name=multiple|The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses.}} as a [[Second language|second]] or [[Third language acquisition|third language]].
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Population (and % of population) of people who speak [[South Asian languages]] in British Columbia (2021 census)
!
! colspan="2" | [[British Columbia]]<ref name="BritishColumbiaLanguages2021" />
! colspan="2" | [[Metro Vancouver Regional District|Metro Vancouver]]<ref name="MetroVancouverLanguages2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-08-17 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Vancouver British Columbia [Census metropolitan area] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021S0503933&HEADERlist=,15,13,18,12,16,14,17&SearchText=vancouver |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | [[Fraser Valley Regional District|Fraser Valley]]<ref name="FraserValleyLanguages2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-08-17 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Vancouver British Columbia [Census metropolitan area] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00035909&HEADERlist=,15,13,18,12,16,14,17&SearchText=fraser%20valley |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|-
| ''' Total population'''
| colspan="2" | 5,000,879
| colspan="2" | 2,642,825
| colspan="2" | 324,005
|-
| ''' Number of responses '''
| colspan="2" | 4,915,940
| colspan="2" | 2,607,010
| colspan="2" | 317,670
|-
|
: '''[[Indo-Aryan languages]]'''
| 406,380
| {{Percentage | 406380 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 317,790
| {{Percentage | 317790 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 49,805
| {{Percentage | 49805 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]'''
| 315,000
| {{Percentage | 315000 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 239,205
| {{Percentage | 239205 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 47,065
| {{Percentage | 47065 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]'''
| 160,730
| {{Percentage | 160730 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 132,450
| {{Percentage | 132450 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 10,295
| {{Percentage | 10295 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
::: '''[[Hindi]]'''
| 134,950
| {{Percentage | 134950 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 110,485
| {{Percentage | 110485 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 8,950
| {{Percentage | 8950 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
::: '''[[Urdu]]'''
| 25,780
| {{Percentage | 25780 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 21,965
| {{Percentage | 21965 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 1,345
| {{Percentage | 1345 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]'''
| 14,340
| {{Percentage | 14340 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 12,615
| {{Percentage | 12615 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 305
| {{Percentage | 305 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Bengali language|Bengali]]'''
| 6,565
| {{Percentage | 6565 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 5,330
| {{Percentage | 5330 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 130
| {{Percentage | 130 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]'''
| 3,440
| {{Percentage | 3440 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 3,040
| {{Percentage | 3040 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Marathi language|Marathi]]'''
| 3,560
| {{Percentage | 3560 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 2,930
| {{Percentage | 2930 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 75
| {{Percentage | 75 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Kutchi language|Kacchi]]'''
| 2,925
| {{Percentage | 2925 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 2,745
| {{Percentage | 2745 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 50
| {{Percentage | 50 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Nepali language|Nepali]]'''
| 2,445
| {{Percentage | 2445 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 1,645
| {{Percentage | 1645 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 105
| {{Percentage | 105 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Konkani language|Konkani]]'''
| 770
| {{Percentage | 770 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 655
| {{Percentage | 655 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]'''
| 650
| {{Percentage | 650 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 505
| {{Percentage | 505 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]'''
| 185
| {{Percentage | 185 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 140
| {{Percentage | 140 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Odia language|Oriya]]'''
| 180
| {{Percentage | 180 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 140
| {{Percentage | 140 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Assamese language|Assamese]]'''
| 100
| {{Percentage | 100 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 95
| {{Percentage | 95 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Rohingya language|Rohingya]]'''
| 55
| {{Percentage | 55 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 55
| {{Percentage | 55 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''Other'''
| 1,645
| {{Percentage | 1645 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 1,395
| {{Percentage | 1395 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 100
| {{Percentage | 100 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
: '''[[Dravidian languages]]'''
| 20,585
| {{Percentage | 20585 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 16,585
| {{Percentage | 16585 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 630
| {{Percentage | 630 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]'''
| 9,740
| {{Percentage | 9740 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 8,440
| {{Percentage | 8440 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 125
| {{Percentage | 125 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Malayalam]]'''
| 6,765
| {{Percentage | 6765 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 4,615
| {{Percentage | 4615 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 395
| {{Percentage | 395 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Telugu language|Telugu]]'''
| 4,860
| {{Percentage | 4860 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 3,940
| {{Percentage | 3940 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 160
| {{Percentage | 160 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Kannada]]'''
| 1,620
| {{Percentage | 1620 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 1,425
| {{Percentage | 1425 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''[[Tulu language|Tulu]]'''
| 205
| {{Percentage | 205 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 180
| {{Percentage | 180 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 317670 | 2 }}
|-
|
:: '''Other'''
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 4915940 | 2 }}
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 317670 | 2 }}
|}

=== Religion ===
[[File:Sikh Temple at 2nd Avenue, Vancouver.jpg|thumb|200px|Kitsilano Gurdwara, ''c.'' 1910]]
[[File:Khalsa Diwan Society Vancouver.jpg|thumb|200px|Ross Street Gurdwara, Vancouver]]
In 1971, the Canadian government introduced a policy of multiculturalism, and this resulted in the South Asian community establishing urban places of worship using traditional architecture styles.<ref name="NayarSikhSpacep48" />

The [[2001 Canadian census]] found that the religious breakdown of Canadians with South Asian ancestry in British Columbia was 63.3% [[Sikhism in Canada|Sikhism]], 14.2% [[Hinduism in Canada|Hinduism]], 11.6% [[Islam in Canada|Islam]], 5.8% [[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]], 3.9% [[Irreligion|irreligious]], 0.5% [[Buddhism in Canada|Buddhism]], 0.2% [[Zoroastrianism]], 0.05% [[Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous]], 0.04% [[Judaism in Canada|Judaism]], 0.04% [[Jainism]], 0.01% [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]], and 0.1% [[Major religious groups|other]].<ref name="CensusReligion2001" />

As of the 2001 [[Statistics Canada]] there were 135,305 Sikhs and 31,500 Hindus in British Columbia. 99,005 Sikhs and 27,405 Hindus were in Metro Vancouver.<ref name="StatsCanada" />

The [[2011 Canadian census]] found that the religious breakdown of Canadians with South Asian ancestry in British Columbia was 63.4% [[Sikhism in Canada|Sikhism]], 13.9% [[Hinduism in Canada|Hinduism]], 10.1% [[Islam in Canada|Islam]], 6.1% [[Irreligion|irreligious]], 5.4% [[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]], 0.6% [[Buddhism in Canada|Buddhism]], 0.04% [[Judaism in Canada|Judaism]], and 0.5% [[Major religious groups|other]].<ref name="CensusReligion2011" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ South Asian Canadians in British Columbia: Demography by religion (2001–2021)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in Canada|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |2021<ref name="CensusReligion2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26
|title= Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810034201 |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="CensusReligion2011">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-01-23 |title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Religion (19), Age Groups (10), Sex (3), Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force and Educational Characteristics (268) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=107554&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="CensusReligion2001">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-12-23 |title=2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Religion (95) and Visible Minority Groups (15) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=55825&PRID=0&PTYPE=55440&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=56&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="CensusReligion2001B">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-12-23 |title=2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Selected Demographic and Cultural Characteristics (104), Selected Religions (35A), Age Groups (6) and Sex (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=67771&PRID=0&PTYPE=55496&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=56&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Sikhism]]
| 287,940
| {{Percentage | 287940 | 473970 | 1 }}
| 198,785
| {{Percentage | 198785 | 313440 | 1 }}
| 133,190
| {{Percentage | 133190 | 210295 | 1 }}
|-
| [[Hinduism]]
| 75,935
| {{Percentage | 75935 | 473970 | 1 }}
| 43,705
| {{Percentage | 43705 | 313440 | 1 }}
| 29,880
| {{Percentage | 29880 | 210295 | 1 }}
|-
| [[Islam]]
| 44,690
| {{Percentage | 44690 | 473970 | 1 }}
| 31,510
| {{Percentage | 31510 | 313440 | 1 }}
| 24,350
| {{Percentage | 24350 | 210295 | 1 }}
|-
| [[Irreligion]]
| 38,560
| {{Percentage | 38560 | 473970 | 1 }}
| 19,170
| {{Percentage | 19170 | 313440 | 1 }}
| 8,450
| {{Percentage | 8450 | 210295 | 1 }}
|-
| [[Christianity]]
| 21,740
| {{Percentage | 21740 | 473970 | 1 }}
| 16,770
| {{Percentage | 16770 | 313440 | 1 }}
| 12,410
| {{Percentage | 12410 | 210295 | 1 }}
|-
| [[Buddhism]]
| 3,100
| {{Percentage | 3100 | 473970 | 1 }}
| 1,860
| {{Percentage | 1860 | 313440 | 1 }}
| 1,105
| {{Percentage | 1105 | 210295 | 1 }}
|-
| [[Jainism]]
| 720
| {{Percentage | 720 | 473970 | 1 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 85
| {{Percentage | 85 | 210295 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Zoroastrianism]]
| 510
| {{Percentage | 510 | 473970 | 1 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 475
| {{Percentage | 475 | 210295 | 1 }}
|-
| [[Judaism]]
| 150
| {{Percentage | 150| 473970 | 2 }}
| 135
| {{Percentage | 135 | 313440 | 2 }}
| 90
| {{Percentage | 90 | 210295 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]]
| 120
| {{Percentage | 120 | 473970 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 210295 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous spirituality]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 473970 | 1 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 95
| {{Percentage | 95 | 210295 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Major religious groups|Other]]
| 505
| {{Percentage | 505 | 473970 | 1 }}
| 1,505
| {{Percentage | 1505 | 313440 | 1 }}
| 135
| {{Percentage | 135 | 210295 | 1 }}
|-
! Total responses
! 473,970
! {{Percentage | 473970 | 473970 | 1 }}
! 313,440
! {{Percentage | 313440 | 313440 | 1 }}
! 210,295
! {{Percentage | 210295 | 210420 | 1 }}
|-
! Total South Asian Canadian population in British Columbia
! 473,970
! {{Percentage | 473970 | 473970 | 1 }}
! 313,440
! {{Percentage | 313440 | 313440 | 1 }}
! 210,420
! {{Percentage | 210420 | 210420 | 1 }}
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious affiliation amongst South Asian Canadians in British Columbia by [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|metropolitan areas]] (2021)<ref name="CensusReligion2021"/>
! rowspan="2" |[[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|Metropolitan area]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]]
! colspan="2" |[[Irreligion]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]]
! colspan="2" |[[Buddhism]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=OtherReligions|Including [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous spirituality]] others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Greater Vancouver|Vancouver CMA]]
| 219,960
| {{Percentage | 219960 | 369290 | 2 }}
| 62,065
| {{Percentage | 62065 | 369290 | 2 }}
| 39,475
| {{Percentage | 39475 | 369290 | 2 }}
| 27,665
| {{Percentage | 27665 | 369290 | 2 }}
| 15,830
| {{Percentage | 15830 | 369290 | 2 }}
| 2,690
| {{Percentage | 2690 | 369290 | 2 }}
| 620
| {{Percentage | 620 | 369290 | 2 }}
| 990
| {{Percentage | 990 | 369290 | 2 }}
! 369,290
! {{Percentage | 369290 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford–Mission]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
| 41,325
| {{Percentage | 41325 | 49840 | 2 }}
| 3,860
| {{Percentage | 3860 | 49840 | 2 }}
| 1,105
| {{Percentage | 1105 | 49840 | 2 }}
| 2,290
| {{Percentage | 2290 | 49840 | 2 }}
| 1,205
| {{Percentage | 1205 | 49840 | 2 }}
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 49840 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 49840 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 49840 | 2 }}
! 49,840
! {{Percentage | 49840 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Greater Victoria|Victoria CMA]]
| 5,135
| {{Percentage | 5135 | 13720 | 2 }}
| 2,965
| {{Percentage | 2965 | 13720 | 2 }}
| 1,270
| {{Percentage | 1270 | 13720 | 2 }}
| 2,700
| {{Percentage | 2700 | 13720 | 2 }}
| 1,330
| {{Percentage | 1330 | 13720 | 2 }}
| 170
| {{Percentage | 170 | 13720 | 2 }}
| 50
| {{Percentage | 50 | 13720 | 2 }}
| 95
| {{Percentage | 95 | 13720 | 2 }}
! 13,720
! {{Percentage | 13720 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Greater Kelowna|Kelowna CMA]]
| 4,130
| {{Percentage | 4130 | 7420 | 2 }}
| 1,175
| {{Percentage | 1175 | 7420 | 2 }}
| 560
| {{Percentage | 560 | 7420 | 2 }}
| 1,005
| {{Percentage | 1005 | 7420 | 2 }}
| 465
| {{Percentage | 465 | 7420 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 7420 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 7420 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 7420 | 2 }}
! 7,420
! {{Percentage | 7420 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kamloops]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
| 2,050
| {{Percentage | 2050 | 4420 | 2 }}
| 965
| {{Percentage | 965 | 4420 | 2 }}
| 520
| {{Percentage | 520 | 4420 | 2 }}
| 560
| {{Percentage | 560 | 4420 | 2 }}
| 300
| {{Percentage | 300 | 4420 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 4420 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4420 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 4420 | 2 }}
! 4,420
! {{Percentage | 4420 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 2,405
| {{Percentage | 2405 | 3905 | 2 }}
| 560
| {{Percentage | 560 | 3905 | 2 }}
| 280
| {{Percentage | 280 | 3905 | 2 }}
| 405
| {{Percentage | 405 | 3905 | 2 }}
| 260
| {{Percentage | 260 | 3905 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3905 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3905 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3905 | 2 }}
! 3,905
! {{Percentage | 3905 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Chilliwack]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
| 1,630
| {{Percentage | 1630 | 3275 | 2 }}
| 505
| {{Percentage | 505 | 3275 | 2 }}
| 355
| {{Percentage | 355 | 3275 | 2 }}
| 430
| {{Percentage | 430 | 3275 | 2 }}
| 315
| {{Percentage | 315 | 3275 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 3275 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3275 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3275 | 2 }}
! 3,275
! {{Percentage | 3275 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nanaimo]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
| 1,345
| {{Percentage | 1345 | 3175 | 2 }}
| 750
| {{Percentage | 750 | 3175 | 2 }}
| 265
| {{Percentage | 265 | 3175 | 2 }}
| 525
| {{Percentage | 525 | 3175 | 2 }}
| 230
| {{Percentage | 230 | 3175 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 3175 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3175 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 3175 | 2 }}
! 3,175
! {{Percentage | 3175 | 3175 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Squamish, British Columbia|Squamish]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 1,245
| {{Percentage | 1245 | 1530 | 2 }}
| 90
| {{Percentage | 90 | 1530 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 1530 | 2 }}
| 125
| {{Percentage | 125 | 1530 | 2 }}
| 35
| {{Percentage | 35 | 1530 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1530 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1530 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1530 | 2 }}
! 1,530
! {{Percentage | 1530 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Greater Vernon|Vernon]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 490
| {{Percentage | 490 | 1305 | 2 }}
| 235
| {{Percentage | 235 | 1305 | 2 }}
| 230
| {{Percentage | 230 | 1305 | 2 }}
| 215
| {{Percentage | 215 | 1305 | 2 }}
| 115
| {{Percentage | 115 | 1305 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1305 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1305 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 1305 | 2 }}
! 1,305
! {{Percentage | 1305 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Penticton]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 775
| {{Percentage | 775 | 1220 | 2 }}
| 160
| {{Percentage | 160 | 1220 | 2 }}
| 35
| {{Percentage | 35 | 1220 | 2 }}
| 185
| {{Percentage | 185 | 1220 | 2 }}
| 55
| {{Percentage | 55 | 1220 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1220 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1220 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1220 | 2 }}
! 1,220
! {{Percentage | 1220 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Fort St. John, British Columbia|Fort St. John]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 485
| {{Percentage | 485 | 1120 | 2 }}
| 290
| {{Percentage | 290 | 1120 | 2 }}
| 125
| {{Percentage | 125 | 1120 | 2 }}
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 1120 | 2 }}
| 135
| {{Percentage | 135 | 1120 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1120 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1120 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1120 | 2 }}
! 1,120
! {{Percentage | 1120 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Duncan, British Columbia|Duncan]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 410
| {{Percentage | 410 | 1010 | 2 }}
| 165
| {{Percentage | 165 | 1010 | 2 }}
| 65
| {{Percentage | 65 | 1010 | 2 }}
| 255
| {{Percentage | 255 | 1010 | 2 }}
| 110
| {{Percentage | 110 | 1010 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1010 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1010 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1010 | 2 }}
! 1,010
! {{Percentage | 1010 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Terrace, British Columbia|Terrace]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 385
| {{Percentage | 385 | 720 | 2 }}
| 145
| {{Percentage | 145 | 720 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 720 | 2 }}
| 80
| {{Percentage | 80 | 720 | 2 }}
| 100
| {{Percentage | 100 | 720 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 720 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 720 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 720 | 2 }}
! 720
! {{Percentage | 720 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 410
| {{Percentage | 410 | 660 | 2 }}
| 165
| {{Percentage | 165 | 660 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 660 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 660 | 2 }}
| 35
| {{Percentage | 35 | 660 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 660 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 660 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 660 | 2 }}
! 660
! {{Percentage | 660 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Courtenay, British Columbia|Courtenay]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 215
| {{Percentage | 215 | 625 | 2 }}
| 140
| {{Percentage | 140 | 625 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 625 | 2 }}
| 170
| {{Percentage | 170 | 625 | 2 }}
| 75
| {{Percentage | 75 | 625 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 625 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 625 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 625 | 2 }}
! 625
! {{Percentage | 625 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Campbell River, British Columbia|Campbell River]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 200
| {{Percentage | 200 | 540 | 2 }}
| 160
| {{Percentage | 160 | 540 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 540 | 2 }}
| 105
| {{Percentage | 105 | 540 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 540 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 540 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 540 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 540 | 2 }}
! 540
! {{Percentage | 540 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Port Alberni]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 210
| {{Percentage | 210 | 485 | 2 }}
| 125
| {{Percentage | 125 | 485 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 485 | 2 }}
| 95
| {{Percentage | 95 | 485 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 485 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 485 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 485 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 485 | 2 }}
! 485
! {{Percentage | 485 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dawson Creek]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 205
| {{Percentage | 205 | 450 | 2 }}
| 80
| {{Percentage | 80 | 450 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 450 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 450 | 2 }}
| 140
| {{Percentage | 140 | 450 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 450 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 450 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 450 | 2 }}
! 450
! {{Percentage | 450 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Williams Lake, British Columbia|Williams Lake]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 325
| {{Percentage | 325 | 450 | 2 }}
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 450 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 450 | 2 }}
| 35
| {{Percentage | 35 | 450 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 450 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 450 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 450 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 450 | 2 }}
! 450
! {{Percentage | 450 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Cranbrook, British Columbia|Cranbrook]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 155
| {{Percentage | 155 | 365 | 2 }}
| 115
| {{Percentage | 115 | 365 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 365 | 2 }}
| 35
| {{Percentage | 35 | 365 | 2 }}
| 35
| {{Percentage | 35 | 365 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 365 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 365 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 365 | 2 }}
! 365
! {{Percentage | 365 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Quesnel, British Columbia|Quesnel]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 180
| {{Percentage | 180 | 320 | 2 }}
| 60
| {{Percentage | 60 | 320 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 320 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 320 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 320 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 320 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 320 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 320 | 2 }}
! 320
! {{Percentage | 320 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nelson, British Columbia|Nelson]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 75
| {{Percentage | 75 | 275 | 2 }}
| 65
| {{Percentage | 65 | 275 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 275 | 2 }}
| 100
| {{Percentage | 100 | 275 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 275 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 275 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 275 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 275 | 2 }}
! 275
! {{Percentage | 275 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Trail, British Columbia|Trail]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 95
| {{Percentage | 95 | 270 | 2 }}
| 60
| {{Percentage | 60 | 270 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 270 | 2 }}
| 55
| {{Percentage | 55 | 270 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 270 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 270 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 270 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 270 | 2 }}
! 270
! {{Percentage | 270 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Parksville, British Columbia|Parksville]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 230 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 230 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 230 | 2 }}
| 60
| {{Percentage | 60 | 230 | 2 }}
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 230 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 230 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 230 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 230 | 2 }}
! 230
! {{Percentage | 230 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Salmon Arm]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 100
| {{Percentage | 100 | 200 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 200 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 200 | 2 }}
| 60
| {{Percentage | 60 | 200 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 200 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 200 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 200 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 200 | 2 }}
! 200
! {{Percentage | 200 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Powell River, British Columbia|Powell River]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 35
| {{Percentage | 35 | 155 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 155 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 155 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 155 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 155 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 155 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 155 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 155 | 2 }}
! 155
! {{Percentage | 155 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ladysmith, British Columbia|Ladysmith]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 70 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 70 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 70 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 70 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 70 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 70 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 70 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 70 | 2 }}
! 70
! {{Percentage | 70 | 473970 | 2 }}
|-
! British Columbia
! 287,940
! {{Percentage | 287940 | 473970 | 2 }}
! 75,935
! {{Percentage | 75935 | 473970 | 2 }}
! 44,690
! {{Percentage | 44690 | 473970 | 2 }}
! 38,560
! {{Percentage | 38560 | 473970 | 2 }}
! 21,740
! {{Percentage | 21740 | 473970 | 2 }}
! 3,100
! {{Percentage | 3100 | 473970 | 2 }}
! 720
! {{Percentage | 720 | 473970 | 2 }}
! 1,275
! {{Percentage | 1275 | 473970 | 2 }}
! 473,970
! {{Percentage | 473970 | 473970 | 2 }}
|}

====Sikhism====
{{Historical populations
| title = Sikh population history [[British Columbia]]{{efn|In the absence of official census data for Sikhs during the 1901, 1941, and 1951 censuses, the populations detailed are 95% of the total South Asian Canadian population enumerated in each respective census, based on the quote "From 1904 to the 1940s, 95% of all South Asian immigrants to Canada were Sikhs from the Punjab region of India.", taken from page 4 of the book "A Social History of South Asians in British Columbia".<ref name="History">{{Cite web |date=April 2022 |title=A Social History of South Asians in British Columbia |url=https://saclp.southasiancanadianheritage.ca/social-history-book/ |quote=From 1904 to the 1940s, 95% of all South Asian immigrants to Canada were Sikhs from the Punjab region of India. |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=www.saclp.southasiancanadianheritage.ca}}</ref>{{rp|4}}|name=SikhPopulation}}
| type = Canada
| align = right
| footnote = ''Source: [[Statistics Canada]]'' <ref name="religion2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table British Columbia [Province] Total – Religion for the population in private households – 25% sample data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&DGUIDlist=2021A000259&HEADERlist=32&SearchText=British%20Columbia |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="religion2011">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-01-23 |title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Religion (108), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=105399&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="religion2001">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-12-23
|title=Religion (13) and Age Groups (8) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=68339&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=56&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="religion1991">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-03-29
|title=R9101 – Population by Religion (29), Showing Age Groups (13) Education (20% Data) – Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census91/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=66&PRID=0&PTYPE=4&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1991&THEME=114&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="religion1981">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03
|title=1981 Census of Canada : volume 1 – national series : population = Recensement du Canada de 1981 : volume 1 – série nationale : population. Religion. |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.837638/publication.html |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="population1951" />{{rp|484}}<ref name="1944SikhCanadianSurvey">{{Cite web |last=Jagpal |first=Sarjeet Singh |date=1994 |title= Becoming Canadians: Pioneer Sikhs In Their Own Words |url=https://digital.lib.sfu.ca/km-7014/becoming-canadians-pioneer-sikhs-their-own-words-page-1 |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=www.digital.lib.sfu.ca}}</ref>{{rp|131–132}} <ref name="population1941" />{{rp|272}}<ref name="population1941B" />{{rp|2}}<ref name="religion1931">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03
|title= Seventh census of Canada, 1931 . v. 1. Summary |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.832354/publication.html |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|788}}<ref name="religion1931B">{{cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.833224/publication.html|title=Population of Canada, 1931, by religious denominations.|date=July 2002 |access-date=2024-01-21}}</ref>{{rp|6-7}}<ref name="religion1921">{{cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.830550/publication.html|title=Sixth census of Canada,1921. v. 1. Population: number, sex and distribution, racial origins, religions|access-date=2024-01-21}}</ref>{{rp|572-573}}<ref name="religion1911">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03
|title= Fifth census of Canada 1911 . v. 2. Religions, origins, birthplace, citizenship, literacy and infirmities, by provinces, districts and sub-districts |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.828391/publication.html |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{rp|2-3}}<ref name="religion1911B">{{cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=1913-01-27|url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.831165/publication.html|title=Religions of Canada for the year 1911 as enumerated under date of first June.|access-date=2024-01-21}}</ref><ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|20}}
|1901|95
|1911|1758
|1921|849
|1931|1173
|1941|1276
|1944|1715
|1951|1840
|1981 | 40940
|1991 | 74545
|2001 | 135305
|2011 | 201110
|2021 | 290870
}}
[[File:Sikh Distribution in British Columbia, 2021 Census.jpg|thumb|Population distribution of Sikh Canadians in British Columbia by census division, 2021 census]]
[[File:Sikh Distribution in Vancouver, 2021 Census.jpg|thumb|Population distribution of Sikh Canadians in Vancouver by federal electoral district, 2021 census]]
The ability to freely practice the Sikh religion is the reason why many Sikhs immigrated to Canada.<ref name="RanaSihotap118" /> Many of the earliest ''[[gurdwara]]s'' were built at "[[mill colonies]]." Often they were built on-site because there were difficulties in getting transportation to other places. The first gurdwara established in a mill colony was in [[Maillardville]], situated in [[Fraser Mills]] on the south slope of [[Coquitlam, British Columbia|Coquitlam]].<ref name="NayarSikhSpacep46">Nayar, "The Making of Sikh Space," p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA46 46].</ref> Mill colony gurdwaras were segregated from mainstream Canadian society.<ref name="NayarSikhSpacep47">Nayar, "The Making of Sikh Space," p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA47 47].</ref> Once the mill colonies were disestablished, the gurdwaras often went with them. For instance, the Burquitlam gurdwara had been disestablished.<ref name="NayarSikhSpacep46" />

Many of the early urban gurdwaras were operated by the [[Khalsa Diwan Society]] (KDS), headquartered in [[Vancouver]], while the small town gurdwaras had separate management.<ref name="NayarSikhSpacep46" /> The first gurdwara in Vancouver opened in 1908 by the KDS.<ref>Nayar, ''The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver'', p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NShXfaNbRyEC&pg=PA16 16].</ref> In 1911 the KDS opened a gurdwara in [[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford]], and it subsequently opened gurdwaras in [[New Westminster]] and [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]].<ref name="NayarSikhSpacep46" /> Many gurdwaras in urban areas were in proximity to Sikh communities or mill camps.<ref name="NayarSikhSpacep46" />

Cities in British Columbia which had gurdwaras by 1920 included Abbotsford, [[Fraser Mills, British Columbia|Fraser Mills]], [[Golden, British Columbia|Golden]], [[Nanaimo]], New Westminster, [[Paldi, British Columbia|Paldi]], Vancouver, and Victoria.<ref>Singh, Narindar. ''Canadian Sikhs: History, Religion, and Culture of Sikhs in North America''. Canadian Sikhs' Studies Institute, 1994. {{ISBN|0969847009}}, 9780969847007. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rv0UAAAAYAAJ&q=Paldi 40].</ref> The main Sikh temple in Victoria, as of 1929, was a painted wooden building on Topaz Avenue. That year Perry wrote that the temple was "comparing not unfavourably with many Christian churches" in Victoria but that it was "crude and tawdry, perhaps, as compared with" the [[Harmandir Sahib]] (Golden Temple) in [[Amritsar]].<ref>Perry, p. 577.</ref>

In 1953, tensions between more religious Sikhs (often new arrivals), and more Westernized Sikhs (those that had adopted western standards, such as clothing or Anglicization of names), resulted in the Akali Singh Society being established in Vancouver and Victoria to preserve orthodox Sikhism,<ref name="NayarSikhSpacep47" /><ref name="NayarSikhSpacep46" /> opening another temple in [[Port Alberni]] by 1973.<ref name="AmesConflictp2022">Ames, and Inglis, "[http://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/download/789/832 Conflict and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life]," p. 20, 22 (page 20 continues on page 22).</ref> A gurdwara in Victoria independent of both Akali Singh and the KDS was opened by 1973.<ref name="AmesConflictp22" />

New gurdwaras opened in former churches in rural British Columbia in the 1970s. This occurred due to the general increase in Sikh immigration. The expansion of the Sikh community in British Columbia continued into the 1980s.<ref name="NayarSikhSpacep47" /> By 1973 the cities with Khalsa Diwan Society temples were Abbotsford, [[Mesachie Lake, British Columbia|Mesachie Lake]], New Westminster, Paldi, [[Port Alberni, British Columbia|Port Alberni]], and Vancouver.<ref name="AmesConflictp20" /> However the New Westminster Khalsa Diwan became its own Sikh society the following year.<ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|18}} In 1975 the Khalsa Diwan Society of Abbotsford also separated, as the title of the Abbotsford gurdwara was transferred to the separated entity. The Abbotsford Sikhs wanted to have local control over their gurdwara, the [[Gur Sikh Temple]].<ref>"[https://carleton.ca/india/wp-content/uploads/Budh-Singh-Kashmir-Kaur-Dhahan.pdf Budh Singh and Kashmir Kaur Dhahan]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150413164352/http://carleton.ca/india/wp-content/uploads/Budh-Singh-Kashmir-Kaur-Dhahan.pdf Archive]). [[Carleton University]]. Retrieved on April 13, 2015.</ref> In the mid-1970s, Ames and Inglis stated that there are British Columbia Sikhs who do not actively participate in religious ceremonies but that "Few if any Sikhs have converted to Christianity".<ref name="AmesConflictp22" />

Many smaller Indo-Canadian communities have two gurdwaras. These communities include [[Kamloops, British Columbia|Kamloops]], [[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]], and [[Terrace, British Columbia|Terrace]]. A 1997 disagreement regarding a dining hall in a [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]] gurdwara resulted in the Sikh community being split into two.<ref>Nayar, ''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia]]'', p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA325 325].</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Sikh Canadians by metropolitan areas in British Columbia (1981–2021)
|-
! rowspan="2" | Metro area
! colspan="2" |[[2021 Canadian census|2021]]<ref name="religion2021" /><ref name="religionmetro2021">{{cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2023-06-21 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810035302 |title=Religion by gender and age: Census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations |access-date=2023-08-20}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |[[2011 Canadian census|2011]]<ref name="religion2011" />
! colspan="2" |[[2001 Canadian census|2001]]<ref name="religion2001" />
! colspan="2" |[[1991 Canadian census|1991]]<ref name="religion1991B">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-03-29 |title= Profile of Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations – Part A |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census91/data/profiles/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=1&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=224&PRID=0&PTYPE=56079&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=1991&THEME=113&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="religion1991C">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-03-29 |title= Profile of Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations – Part B |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census91/data/profiles/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=1&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=225&PRID=0&PTYPE=56079&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=1991&THEME=113&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |[[Census in Canada|1981]]<ref name="religion1981B">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03 |title=1981 Census of Canada : volume 2 – provincial series : population; language, ethnic origin, religion, place of birth, schooling |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.838030/publication.html |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="religion1981C">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2020-05-26 |title= Data tables, 1981 Census Profile for Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1981 Census – Part B |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census81/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=113750&PRID=0&PTYPE=113743&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1986&THEME=134&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
|[[Greater Vancouver|Vancouver CMA]]
| 222,165
| {{Percentage | 222165 | 2607010 | 2 }}
| 155,945
| {{Percentage | 155945 | 2280695 | 2 }}
| 99,005
| {{Percentage | 99005 | 1967480 | 2 }}
| 49,625
| {{Percentage | 49625 | 1584115 | 2 }}
| 22,390
| {{Percentage | 22390 | 1250610 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford–Mission]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
| 41,665
| {{Percentage | 41665 | 192110 | 2 }}
| 28,235
| {{Percentage | 28235 | 166680 | 2 }}
| 16,780
| {{Percentage | 16780 | 144990 | 2 }}
| 6,525
| {{Percentage | 6525 | 111375 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Greater Victoria|Victoria CMA]]
| 5,160
| {{Percentage | 5160 | 388475 | 2 }}
| 3,645
| {{Percentage | 3645 | 336180 | 2 }}
| 3,470
| {{Percentage | 3470 | 306970 | 2 }}
| 2,990
| {{Percentage | 2990 | 283630 | 2 }}
| 1,980
| {{Percentage | 1980 | 229500 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Greater Kelowna|Kelowna CMA]]
| 4,200
| {{Percentage | 4200 | 218530 | 2 }}
| 1,875
| {{Percentage | 1875 | 176435 | 2 }}
| 990
| {{Percentage | 990 | 145950 | 2 }}
| 600
| {{Percentage | 600 | 110720 | 2 }}
| 305
| {{Percentage | 305 | 76720 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 2,415
| {{Percentage | 2415 | 87910 | 2 }}
| 1,385
| {{Percentage | 1385 | 82865 | 2 }}
| 1,825
| {{Percentage | 1825 | 84610 | 2 }}
| 1,425
| {{Percentage | 1425 | 69310 | 2 }}
| 1,050
| {{Percentage | 1050 | 67305 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kamloops]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
| 2,070
| {{Percentage | 2070 | 110540 | 2 }}
| 1,150
| {{Percentage | 1150 | 96610 | 2 }}
| 1,395
| {{Percentage | 1395 | 86025 | 2 }}
| 1,065
| {{Percentage | 1065 | 67135 | 2 }}
| 1,095
| {{Percentage | 1095 | 63975 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Chilliwack]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
| 1,675
| {{Percentage | 1675 | 111560 | 2 }}
| 455
| {{Percentage | 455 | 90240 | 2 }}
| 230
| {{Percentage | 230 | 69130 | 2 }}
| 150
| {{Percentage | 150 | 59315 | 2 }}
| 145{{efn|name=1981Census|Note: 1981 census religious breakdown for all subdivisions and census agglomerations includes an "Eastern Non-Christian" section. Estimates derived using the Sikh proportion of Eastern Non-Christian religious total from the 1991 census.}}
| {{Percentage | 145 | 41095 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Nanaimo]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
| 1,355
| {{Percentage | 1355 | 112410 | 2 }}
| 1,000
| {{Percentage | 1000 | 95685 | 2 }}
| 985
| {{Percentage | 985 | 84470 | 2 }}
| 1,235
| {{Percentage | 1235 | 73060 | 2 }}
| 850
| {{Percentage | 850 | 57285 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Squamish, British Columbia|Squamish]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 1,260
| {{Percentage | 1260 | 23960 | 2 }}
| 910
| {{Percentage | 910 | 17225 | 2 }}
| 1,580
| {{Percentage | 1580 | 14375 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Penticton]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 780
| {{Percentage | 780 | 46160 | 2 }}
| 640
| {{Percentage | 640 | 41335 | 2 }}
| 660
| {{Percentage | 660 | 41335 | 2 }}
| 285
| {{Percentage | 285 | 44505 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Fort St. John, British Columbia|Fort St. John]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 485
| {{Percentage | 485 | 28430 | 2 }}
| 55
| {{Percentage | 55 | 26240 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 15935 | 2 }}
| 60
| {{Percentage | 60 | 14055 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Vernon, British Columbia|Vernon]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 485
| {{Percentage | 485 | 65325 | 2 }}
| 290
| {{Percentage | 290 | 56715 | 2 }}
| 505
| {{Percentage | 505 | 50805 | 2 }}
| 335
| {{Percentage | 335 | 47460 | 2 }}
| 220{{efn|name=1981Census}}
| {{Percentage | 220 | 41520 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Duncan, British Columbia|Duncan]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 430
| {{Percentage | 430 | 46430 | 2 }}
| 645
| {{Percentage | 645 | 42215 | 2 }}
| 840
| {{Percentage | 840 | 38235 | 2 }}
| 880
| {{Percentage | 880 | 27025 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 410
| {{Percentage | 410 | 13300 | 2 }}
| 290
| {{Percentage | 290 | 13110 | 2 }}
| 415
| {{Percentage | 415 | 15190 | 2 }}
| 365
| {{Percentage | 365 | 18375 | 2 }}
| 370{{efn|name=1981Census}}
| {{Percentage | 370 | 18315 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Terrace, British Columbia|Terrace]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 390
| {{Percentage | 390 | 19515 | 2 }}
| 270
| {{Percentage | 270 | 15360 | 2 }}
| 345
| {{Percentage | 345 | 19880 | 2 }}
| 610
| {{Percentage | 610 | 18800 | 2 }}
| 895{{efn|name=1981Census}}
| {{Percentage | 895 | 32340 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Williams Lake, British Columbia|Williams Lake]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 340
| {{Percentage | 340 | 23340 | 2 }}
| 365
| {{Percentage | 365 | 18320 | 2 }}
| 845
| {{Percentage | 845 | 24860 | 2 }}
| 1,145
| {{Percentage | 1145 | 34535 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Courtenay, British Columbia|Courtenay]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 215
| {{Percentage | 215 | 62025 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 54195 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 46685 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 44255 | 2 }}
| 25{{efn|name=1981Census}}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 35010 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Alberni]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 215
| {{Percentage | 215 | 25375 | 2 }}
| 280
| {{Percentage | 280 | 25085 | 2 }}
| 435
| {{Percentage | 435 | 25185 | 2 }}
| 735
| {{Percentage | 735 | 26460 | 2 }}
| 900{{efn|name=1981Census}}
| {{Percentage | 900 | 32445 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Dawson Creek]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 205
| {{Percentage | 205 | 17380 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 11240 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 17275 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 10960 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Campbell River, British Columbia|Campbell River]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 200
| {{Percentage | 200 | 39935 | 2 }}
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 35535 | 2 }}
| 370
| {{Percentage | 370 | 33705 | 2 }}
| 250
| {{Percentage | 250 | 30730 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Quesnel, British Columbia|Quesnel]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 185
| {{Percentage | 185 | 22900 | 2 }}
| 360
| {{Percentage | 360 | 21835 | 2 }}
| 720
| {{Percentage | 720 | 24215 | 2 }}
| 1,000
| {{Percentage | 1000 | 23215 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Cranbrook, British Columbia|Cranbrook]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 155
| {{Percentage | 155 | 26295 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 24535 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 24060 | 2 }}
| 35
| {{Percentage | 35 | 16245 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Salmon Arm]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 105
| {{Percentage | 105 | 18895 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 17085 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Trail, British Columbia|Trail]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 100
| {{Percentage | 100 | 13865 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 65{{efn|name=1981Census}}
| {{Percentage | 65 | 22700 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Nelson, British Columbia|Nelson]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 75
| {{Percentage | 75 | 18710 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Ladysmith, British Columbia|Ladysmith]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 15230 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Parksville, British Columbia|Parksville]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 30015 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 26715 | 2 }}
| 65
| {{Percentage | 65 | 24120 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Powell River, British Columbia|Powell River]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 17460 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 16360 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 18075 | 2 }}
| 65
| {{Percentage | 65 | 18265 | 2 }}
| 70{{efn|name=1981Census}}
| {{Percentage | 70 | 19215 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kitimat]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 330
| {{Percentage | 330 | 10235 | 2 }}
| 505
| {{Percentage | 505 | 11275 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Sikh Canadians by subdivisions in British Columbia (1981–2021)
|-
! rowspan="2" | Subdivision
! rowspan="2" | [[Regional district]]
! colspan="5" | Percentage
|-
![[2021 Canadian census|2021]]<ref name="religion2021C">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-05-17 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Select from a list of geographies, British Columbia Census division |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/search-recherche/lst/results-resultats.cfm?Lang=E&GEOCODE=59 |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
![[2011 Canadian census|2011]]<ref name="religion2011C">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-12-23 |title=NHS Profile, 2011 Subprovincial geography levels: British Columbia Census subdivisions |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/search-recherche/lst/page.cfm?Lang=E&TABID=1&GEOCODE=59 |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
![[2001 Canadian census|2001]]<ref name="religion2001C">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-12-23 |title=Religion (13) and Age Groups (8) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Data |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=68341&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=56&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
![[1991 Canadian census|1991]]<ref name="religion1991" />
![[Census in Canada|1981]]<ref name="population1981B">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2020-05-26 |title= Data tables, 1981 Census Profile for Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1981 Census – Part B |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census81/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=113752&PRID=0&PTYPE=113743&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1986&THEME=134&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{efn|name=1981Census}}
|-
|[[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]]
|[[Metro Vancouver Regional District|Metro Vancouver]]
| {{Percentage | 154415 | 562565 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 104720 | 463340 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 56325 | 345785 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20905 | 243425 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 3950 | 146180 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford]]
|[[Fraser Valley Regional District|Fraser Valley]]
| {{Percentage | 38395 | 150800 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 26145 | 130950 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15225 | 113770 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5305 | 85355 | 2 }}{{efn|name=matsqui}}
| {{Percentage | 1785 | 53680 | 2 }}{{efn|name=matsqui}}
|-
|[[Delta, British Columbia|Delta]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 19235 | 107270 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10495 | 98745 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 8255 | 96365 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 3695 | 88330 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1565 | 74325 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Cawston, British Columbia|Cawston]]
|[[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen|Okanagan–Similkameen]]
| {{Percentage | 180 | 1100 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 115 | 1135 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 120 | 1130 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 360 | 8165 | 2 }}{{efn|name="Okanagan_Similkameen_Subdivision_B2"|[[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen#Electoral areas|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision B]], including Cawston and surrounding areas|group="nb"}}
| {{Percentage | 75 | 9155 | 2 }}{{efn|name="Okanagan_Similkameen_Subdivision_B2"}}
|-
|[[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen#Electoral areas|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision A]]{{efn|[[Rural area|Rural]] region surrounding [[Osoyoos]]|name=Okanagan_Similkameen_Subdivision_A}}
|Okanagan–Similkameen
| {{Percentage | 330 | 2080 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 320 | 1895 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 155 | 1860 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 7630 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 6210 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen#Electoral areas|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision C]]{{efn|[[Rural area|Rural]] region surrounding [[Oliver, British Columbia|Oliver]]|name=Okanagan_Similkameen_Subdivision_C}}
|Okanagan–Similkameen
| {{Percentage | 565 | 3940 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 545 | 3475 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 625 | 4145 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1770 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1695 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Mission, British Columbia|Mission]]
|Fraser Valley
| {{Percentage | 3275 | 40625 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2090 | 35465 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1560 | 30595 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1225 | 25575 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 745 | 19635 | 2 }}
|-
|[[McBride, British Columbia|McBride]]
|[[Regional District of Fraser–Fort George|Fraser–Fort George]]
| {{Percentage | 45 | 560 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 570 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 680 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 570 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 645 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Oliver, British Columbia|Oliver]]
|[[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen|Okanagan–Similkameen]]
| {{Percentage | 375 | 4960 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 245 | 4700 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 185 | 4125 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 3610 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 1660 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Squamish, British Columbia|Squamish]]
|[[Squamish-Lillooet Regional District|Squamish–Lillooet]]
| {{Percentage | 1260 | 23545 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 910 | 16900 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1585 | 14180 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 655 | 11660 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 490 | 10310 | 2 }}
|-
|[[100 Mile House]]
|Cariboo
| {{Percentage | 95 | 1785 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 1780 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 1675 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 70 | 1885 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 120 | 1885 | 2 }}
|-
|[[New Westminster]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 3750 | 78055 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2920 | 65090 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2720 | 53810 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1025 | 42655 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 770 | 37235 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen#Electoral areas|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision G]]{{efn|[[Rural area|Rural]] region surrounding [[Keremeos]]|name=Okanagan_Similkameen_Subdivision_G}}
|Okanagan–Similkameen
| {{Percentage | 105 | 2295 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 135 | 2310 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 2045 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 375 | 9100 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[White Rock, British Columbia|White Rock]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 905 | 20725 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 85 | 18535 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 17325 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 65 | 15595 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 85 | 13045 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Osoyoos]]
|[[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen|Okanagan–Similkameen]]
| {{Percentage | 225 | 5275 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 255 | 4575 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 4245 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 3355 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2630 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley (District)]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 5170 | 130960 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1965 | 103145 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1055 | 86225 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 300 | 65635 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 320 | 44345 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Langley, British Columbia (city)|Langley (City)]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 1045 | 28025 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 24485 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 50 | 23405 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 125 | 19550 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 50 | 14890 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert]]
|[[North Coast Regional District|North Coast]]
| {{Percentage | 415 | 12180 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 295 | 12365 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 415 | 14530 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 370 | 16560 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 375 | 16110 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Pitt Meadows]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 640 | 19025 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 560 | 17710 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 670 | 14655 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 370 | 11135 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 115 | 6225 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Richmond, British Columbia|Richmond]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 6985 | 208400 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 7155 | 189305 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5755 | 163400 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 4500 | 125995 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2285 | 95830 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Terrace, British Columbia|Terrace]]
|[[Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine|Kitimat–Stikine]]
| {{Percentage | 390 | 11825 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 265 | 11305 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 350 | 12020 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 615 | 11330 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 430 | 10785 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]]
|[[Regional District of Fraser–Fort George|Fraser–Fort George]]
| {{Percentage | 2405 | 75160 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1385 | 70790 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1820 | 71990 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1425 | 69310 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1190 | 67305 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Williams Lake, British Columbia|Williams Lake]]
|[[Cariboo Regional District|Cariboo]]
| {{Percentage | 320 | 10710 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 370 | 10605 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 840 | 10970 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1035 | 10270 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 860 | 8230 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Golden, British Columbia|Golden]]
|Columbia-Shuswap
| {{Percentage | 115 | 3900 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 115 | 3675 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 170 | 3975 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 300 | 3690 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 185 | 3340 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Saanich, British Columbia|Saanich]]
|[[Capital Regional District|Capital]]
| {{Percentage | 3250 | 115505 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2380 | 107860 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2570 | 102485 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2055 | 94770 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1135 | 77740 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Burnaby]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 6905 | 245725 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 6395 | 220255 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5625 | 191385 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 3370 | 156415 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2025 | 133820 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Merritt, British Columbia|Merritt]]
|Thompson–Nicola
| {{Percentage | 185 | 6745 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 265 | 6895 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 565 | 7035 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 600 | 6220 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 635 | 6135 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kelowna]]
|[[Regional District of Central Okanagan|Central Okanagan]]
| {{Percentage | 3665 | 141760 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1525 | 114570 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 855 | 94760 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 495 | 74905 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 305 | 58470 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Vancouver]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 16535 | 650380 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 16815 | 590205 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15200 | 539630 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 12935 | 465300 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10055 | 408080 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Fort St. John, British Columbia|Fort St. John]]
|[[Peace River Regional District|Peace River]]
| {{Percentage | 490 | 21175 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 55 | 18450 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 60 | 14055 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 105 | 13770 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Coquitlam]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 1335 | 60390 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1260 | 55780 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 805 | 50800 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 595 | 36535 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 280 | 27300 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Maple Ridge, British Columbia|Maple Ridge]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 1925 | 89860 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 870 | 75140 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 695 | 62380 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 390 | 47890 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 165 | 31595 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kamloops]]
|[[Thompson-Nicola Regional District|Thompson–Nicola]]
| {{Percentage | 2005 | 94560 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1150 | 83725 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1340 | 76820 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1065 | 66335 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1180 | 63230 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Penticton]]
|[[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen|Okanagan–Similkameen]]
| {{Percentage | 750 | 35725 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 555 | 31720 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 640 | 30740 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 255 | 26910 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 135 | 22905 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Quesnel, British Columbia|Quesnel]]
|Cariboo
| {{Percentage | 185 | 9685 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 355 | 9830 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 695 | 9840 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 975 | 8100 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1130 | 8135 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Smithers, British Columbia|Smithers]]
|[[Regional District of Bulkley-Nechako|Bulkley–Nechako]]
| {{Percentage | 95 | 5260 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4975 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4515 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Chilliwack]]
|Fraser Valley
| {{Percentage | 1570 | 91985 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 445 | 76925 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 230 | 62300 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 150 | 49090 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 165 | 40250 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Dawson Creek]]
|Peace River
| {{Percentage | 205 | 12070 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 70 | 11240 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 10685 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 10960 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 11285 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Central Saanich]]
|Capital
| {{Percentage | 270 | 17170 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 85 | 15725 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 75 | 15325 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 13510 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1981pop | 10165 | 2 }}
|-
|[[View Royal]]
|Capital
| {{Percentage | 170 | 11260 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 250 | 9245 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 170 | 7265 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 160 | 5915 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Fort St. James]]
|Bulkley Nechako
| {{Percentage | 20 | 1330 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 50 | 1630 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 200 | 1940 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 435 | 2015 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 350 | 2235 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Houston, British Columbia|Houston]]
|Bulkley-Nechako
| {{Percentage | 45 | 3015 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 155 | 3135 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 250 | 3580 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 255 | 3630 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 215 | 3920 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Castlegar, British Columbia|Castlegar]]
|[[Regional District of Central Kootenay|Central Kootenay]]
| {{Percentage | 115 | 8060 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 6890 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 6525 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 6875 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Sechelt]]
|[[Sunshine Coast Regional District|Sunshine Coast]]
| {{Percentage | 150 | 10610 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6010 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1025 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Nanaimo]]
|[[Regional District of Nanaimo|Nanaimo]]
| {{Percentage | 1330 | 97020 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 880 | 81565 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 950 | 71805 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1145 | 59640 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 910 | 46650 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Langford, British Columbia|Langford]]
|Capital
| {{Percentage | 600 | 46190 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 435 | 28960 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 240 | 18670 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 115 | 17190 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 230 | 31315 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Coquitlam]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 1855 | 147465 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1430 | 125020 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 985 | 111430 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 625 | 82405 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 330 | 59105 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Trail, British Columbia|Trail]]
|[[Regional District of Kootenay Boundary|Kootenay Boundary]]
| {{Percentage | 95 | 7600 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 90 | 7320 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 7700 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 9385 | 2 }}
|-
|[[North Saanich]]
|Capital
| {{Percentage | 150 | 12190 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 11015 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 10410 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 9645 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 6135 | 2 }}
|-
|[[North Cowichan]]
|[[Cowichan Valley Regional District|Cowichan Valley]]
| {{Percentage | 385 | 31425 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 610 | 28240 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 775 | 25835 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 745 | 21255 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 695 | 18310 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Alberni]]
|[[Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District|Alberni–Clayoquot]]
| {{Percentage | 215 | 17960 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 265 | 17395 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 425 | 17535 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 725 | 18270 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 855 | 19735 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Lake Country]]
|Central Okanagan
| {{Percentage | 170 | 15625 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 85 | 11365 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 60 | 9260 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 10090 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 7740 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Summerland, British Columbia|Summerland]]
|[[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen|Okanagan–Similkameen]]
| {{Percentage | 125 | 11700 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 10880 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 10550 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 9035 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 7365 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Hardy]]
|[[Regional District of Mount Waddington|Mount Waddington]]
| {{Percentage | 40 | 3860 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 5075 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 5135 | 2 }}
|-
|[[North Vancouver (city)|North Vancouver (City)]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 530 | 57510 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 375 | 47685 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 265 | 43930 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 340 | 38135 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 150 | 33645 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Cranbrook, British Columbia|Cranbrook]]
|[[Regional District of East Kootenay|East Kootenay]]
| {{Percentage | 155 | 19845 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 18830 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 18280 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 16245 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 90 | 15770 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Vernon, British Columbia|Vernon]]
|[[Regional District of North Okanagan|North Okanagan]]
| {{Percentage | 335 | 43110 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 175 | 36490 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 425 | 32920 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 295 | 22965 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 175 | 19635 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Lake Cowichan]]
|Cowichan Valley
| {{Percentage | 25 | 3315 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 65 | 2950 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 70 | 2830 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 90 | 2240 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 210 | 2435 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Oak Bay, British Columbia|Oak Bay]]
|Capital
| {{Percentage | 120 | 17640 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 85 | 17380 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 17485 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 75 | 17515 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 16840 | 2 }}
|-
|[[West Kelowna]]
|Central Okanagan
| {{Percentage | 235 | 35750 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 245 | 30550 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 50 | 20805 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 65 | 17790 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 60 | 12750 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Nelson, British Columbia|Nelson]]
|[[Regional District of Central Kootenay|Central Kootenay]]
| {{Percentage | 70 | 10725 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 9980 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 9170 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 8625 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 9010 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Duncan, British Columbia|Duncan]]
|Cowichan Valley
| {{Percentage | 30 | 4645 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 4460 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 65 | 4440 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 130 | 4055 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 90 | 5760 | 2 }}
|-
|[[North Vancouver (district municipality)|North Vancouver (district)]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 550 | 87385 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 430 | 83555 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 400 | 81675 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 300 | 74665 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 190 | 65035 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Courtenay, British Columbia|Courtenay]]
|[[Comox Valley Regional District|Comox Valley]]
| {{Percentage | 170 | 27820 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 23575 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 18155 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 11560 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 8865 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Campbell River, British Columbia|Campbell River]]
|[[Strathcona Regional District|Strathcona]]
| {{Percentage | 200 | 34885 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 30730 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 355 | 28295 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 250 | 21045 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 380 | 15875 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Fernie, British Columbia|Fernie]]
|East Kootenay
| {{Percentage | 35 | 6175 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 4555 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 4945 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 55 | 5390 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Salmon Arm]]
|[[Columbia–Shuswap Regional District|Columbia–Shuswap]]
| {{Percentage | 100 | 18620 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 16865 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 14965 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 11955 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 10770 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]]
|Capital
| {{Percentage | 420 | 87890 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 315 | 76025 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 300 | 71590 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 355 | 68740 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 310 | 62225 | 2 }}
|-
|[[West Vancouver]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 135 | 43385 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 115 | 42045 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 120 | 40860 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 38125 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 35230 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kitimat]]
|Kitimat–Stikine
| {{Percentage | 20 | 8210 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 55 | 8340 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 335 | 10240 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 505 | 11275 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 395 | 12740 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Moody]]
|Metro Vancouver
| {{Percentage | 80 | 33455 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 180 | 32875 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 23735 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 65 | 17680 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 14910 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Lillooet]]
|Squamish-Lillooet
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 2325 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 65 | 2720 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 105 | 1750 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 115 | 1580 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Mackenzie, British Columbia|Mackenzie]]
|Fraser-Fort George
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 3575 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 370 | 5235 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 265 | 5790 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 250 | 5900 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Elkford]]
|East Kootenay
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2525 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 2580 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 80 | 2925 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 100 | 3110 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Tahsis]]
|Strathcona
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 320 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 600 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 90 | 1085 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 180 | 1740 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Thompson-Nicola Regional District#Electoral Areas|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision A]]{{efn|name="Thompson_Nicola_Subdivision_A"}}
|Thompson–Nicola
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 70 | 4395 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 270 | 7625 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 325 | 8380 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Sparwood]]
|East Kootenay
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 3810 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 140 | 4135 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 145 | 4170 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Montrose, British Columbia|Montrose]]
|Kootenay-Boundary
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 1065 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 1225 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1220 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port McNeill]]
|Mount Waddington
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 2685 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 2440 | 2 }}
|-
|}

==== Hinduism ====
{{expand section|date=October 2022}}
In the past, Hindus went to Sikh gurdwaras because they lacked their own Hindu temples. Historically there were ten times the number of Punjabi Sikhs compared to Punjabi Hindus.<ref name="Johnston1984" />{{rp|11}}

==== Islam ====
{{expand section|date=October 2022}}
Originally Muslims participated in Sikh gurdwaras. After 1947 Indo-Canadian Muslims continued having a relationship with Sikhs but began referring to themselves as "Pakistanis" due to the [[Partition of India]]. The B.C. Muslim Association was established in 1966.<ref name="Johnston1984" />

==== Christianity ====
{{expand section|date=October 2022}}
As of April 1, 2013 the [[Canadian Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches]] had Indo-Canadian outreach missions at the South Abbotsford (B.C.) MB Church and in the [[Fraserview]] area.<ref>McMaster, Barrie. "[http://mbherald.com/cooperative-sparks-new-energy-for-outreach-to-indo-canadians/ Cooperative sparks new energy for outreach to Indo-Canadians]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150417123727/http://mbherald.com/cooperative-sparks-new-energy-for-outreach-to-indo-canadians/ Archive]). ''[[Mennonite Brethren Herald]]''. [[Canadian Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches]], Monday, April 1, 2013. Retrieved on April 17, 2015.</ref>

=== Generation status ===
A large minority of British Columbians are first generation, numbering 1,657,620 people and forming 33.72% of the provincial population as of the [[2021 Canadian census]].<ref name="population2021" /> In comparison with the province-wide statistics, as of the [[2021 Canadian census]], a majority of the South Asian British Columbian community was first generation, numbering 313,570 people and forming 66.16% of the total South Asian British Columbian population.<ref name="population2021" />

Similarly, a large minority of British Columbians are second generation, numbering 1,068,595 people and forming 21.74% of the total provincial population as of the [[2021 Canadian census]].<ref name="population2021" /> In comparison with the province-wide statistics, as of the [[2021 Canadian census]], a large minority of the South Asian British Columbian community was second generation, numbering 142,360 people or 30.04% of the total South Asian British Columbian population.<ref name="population2021" />

A narrow plurality of British Columbians are third or more generation, numbering 2,189,720 people and forming 44.54% of the total provincial population as of the [[2021 Canadian census]].<ref name="population2021" /> In comparison with the province-wide statistics, as of the [[2021 Canadian census]], a small minority of the South Asian British Columbian community was third or more generation, numbering 18,030 people or 3.80% of the total South Asian British Columbian population.<ref name="population2021" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Generation status of South Asian British Columbians by [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|metropolitan area]] (2021)<ref name="population2021" />
! rowspan="2" |Metropolitan area
! colspan="2" |[[Immigrant generations#First generation|First generation]]
! colspan="2" |[[Immigrant generations#Second generation|Second generation]]
! colspan="2" |Third generation or more
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
|[[Greater Vancouver|Vancouver CMA]]
| 245,410
| {{Percentage | 245410 | 369295 | 2 }}
| 111,135
| {{Percentage | 111135 | 369295 | 2 }}
| 12,750
| {{Percentage | 12750 | 369295 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford–Mission]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
| 32,085
| {{Percentage | 32085 | 49835 | 2 }}
| 16,515
| {{Percentage | 16515 | 49835 | 2 }}
| 1,240
| {{Percentage | 1240 | 49835 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Greater Victoria|Victoria CMA]]
| 8,395
| {{Percentage | 8395 | 13715 | 2 }}
| 4,120
| {{Percentage | 4120 | 13715 | 2 }}
| 1,205
| {{Percentage | 1205 | 13715 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Greater Kelowna|Kelowna CMA]]
| 4,950
| {{Percentage | 4950 | 7420 | 2 }}
| 2,055
| {{Percentage | 2055 | 7420 | 2 }}
| 420
| {{Percentage | 420 | 7420 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kamloops]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
| 3,040
| {{Percentage | 3040 | 4420 | 2 }}
| 1,130
| {{Percentage | 1130 | 4420 | 2 }}
| 250
| {{Percentage | 250 | 4420 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 2,755
| {{Percentage | 2755 | 3905 | 2 }}
| 930
| {{Percentage | 930 | 3905 | 2 }}
| 215
| {{Percentage | 215 | 3905 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Chilliwack]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
| 1,835
| {{Percentage | 1835 | 3275 | 2 }}
| 1,170
| {{Percentage | 1170 | 3275 | 2 }}
| 270
| {{Percentage | 270 | 3275 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Nanaimo]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
| 2,195
| {{Percentage | 2195 | 3175 | 2 }}
| 775
| {{Percentage | 775 | 3175 | 2 }}
| 210
| {{Percentage | 210 | 3175 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Squamish, British Columbia|Squamish]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 1,000
| {{Percentage | 1000 | 1530 | 2 }}
| 490
| {{Percentage | 490 | 1530 | 2 }}
| 35
| {{Percentage | 35 | 1530 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Vernon, British Columbia|Vernon]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 805
| {{Percentage | 805 | 1305 | 2 }}
| 370
| {{Percentage | 370 | 1305 | 2 }}
| 135
| {{Percentage | 135 | 1305 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Penticton]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 785
| {{Percentage | 785 | 1220 | 2 }}
| 355
| {{Percentage | 355 | 1220 | 2 }}
| 75
| {{Percentage | 75 | 1220 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Fort St. John, British Columbia|Fort St. John]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 940
| {{Percentage | 940 | 1120 | 2 }}
| 165
| {{Percentage | 165 | 1120 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 1120 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Duncan, British Columbia|Duncan]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 595
| {{Percentage | 595 | 1010 | 2 }}
| 275
| {{Percentage | 275 | 1010 | 2 }}
| 140
| {{Percentage | 140 | 1010 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Terrace, British Columbia|Terrace]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 525
| {{Percentage | 525 | 720 | 2 }}
| 145
| {{Percentage | 145 | 720 | 2 }}
| 55
| {{Percentage | 55 | 720 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 525
| {{Percentage | 525 | 660 | 2 }}
| 125
| {{Percentage | 125 | 660 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 660 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Courtenay, British Columbia|Courtenay]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 440
| {{Percentage | 440 | 625 | 2 }}
| 125
| {{Percentage | 125 | 625 | 2 }}
| 65
| {{Percentage | 65 | 625 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Campbell River, British Columbia|Campbell River]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 380
| {{Percentage | 380 | 540 | 2 }}
| 135
| {{Percentage | 135 | 540 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 540 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Alberni]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 275
| {{Percentage | 275 | 485 | 2 }}
| 135
| {{Percentage | 135 | 485 | 2 }}
| 75
| {{Percentage | 75 | 485 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Dawson Creek]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 405
| {{Percentage | 405 | 450 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 450 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 450 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Williams Lake, British Columbia|Williams Lake]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 360
| {{Percentage | 360 | 450 | 2 }}
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 450 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 450 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Cranbrook, British Columbia|Cranbrook]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 320
| {{Percentage | 320 | 365 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 365 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 365 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Quesnel, British Columbia|Quesnel]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 215
| {{Percentage | 215 | 320 | 2 }}
| 60
| {{Percentage | 60 | 320 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 320 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Nelson, British Columbia|Nelson]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 175
| {{Percentage | 175 | 275 | 2 }}
| 65
| {{Percentage | 65 | 275 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 275 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Trail, British Columbia|Trail]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 225
| {{Percentage | 225 | 270 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 270 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 270 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Parksville, British Columbia|Parksville]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 115
| {{Percentage | 115 | 230 | 2 }}
| 65
| {{Percentage | 65 | 230 | 2 }}
| 50
| {{Percentage | 50 | 230 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Salmon Arm]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 110
| {{Percentage | 110 | 200 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 200 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 200 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Powell River, British Columbia|Powell River]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 110
| {{Percentage | 110 | 155 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 155 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 155 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Ladysmith, British Columbia|Ladysmith]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 70 | 2 }}
| 35
| {{Percentage | 35 | 70 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 70 | 2 }}
|-
! [[British Columbia]]
! 313,570
! {{Percentage | 313570 | 473970 | 2 }}
! 142,360
! {{Percentage | 142360 | 473970 | 2 }}
! 18,030
! {{Percentage | 18030 | 473970 | 2 }}
|}

== Geographical distribution ==
According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], [[regional districts]] in British Columbia with the highest proportions of South Asian Canadians included [[Fraser Valley Regional District|Fraser Valley]] (16.9%), [[Metro Vancouver Regional District|Metro Vancouver]] (14.2%), [[Regional District of Fraser–Fort George|Fraser−Fort George]] (4.3%), [[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen|Okanagan−Similkameen]] (3.9%), [[Thompson-Nicola Regional District|Thompson−Nicola]] (3.6%), [[Squamish-Lillooet Regional District|Squamish−Lillooet]] (3.5%), [[Capital Regional District|Capital]] (3.4%), [[Regional District of Central Okanagan|Central Okanagan]] (3.4%), [[Peace River Regional District|Peace River]] (2.6%), [[Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine|Kitimat−Stikine]] (2.4%), and [[Regional District of Nanaimo|Nanaimo]] (2.1%).<ref name="population2021B" />

{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ South Asian Canadians by [[regional district]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Regional district]]
! rowspan="2" |Largest subdivision
! colspan="2" |[[2021 Canadian census|2021]]<ref name="population2021B">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-06-21 |title=Visible minority by gender and age: Census divisions |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810035201 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |[[2016 Canadian census|2016]]
! colspan="2" |[[Census in Canada|1986]]<ref name="population1986D">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-06-27
|title= Data tables, 1986 Census Census Profile for Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1986 Census – Part A |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census86/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=113684&PRID=0&PTYPE=113679&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1986&THEME=133&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="population1986E">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-06-27
|title= Data tables, 1986 Census Census Profile for Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1986 Census – Part B |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census86/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=113685&PRID=0&PTYPE=113679&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1986&THEME=133&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
|[[Metro Vancouver Regional District|Metro Vancouver]]
|[[Vancouver]]
|369,290<ref name="VancouverRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Greater Vancouver, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Greater%20Vancouver&DGUIDlist=2021A00035915&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 369290 | 2607010 | 2 }}
|291,005<ref name="VancouverRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27
|title= Census Profile, 2016 Census Greater Vancouver, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5915&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=greater%20vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 291005 | 2426235 | 2 }}
|49,870
|{{Percentage | 49870 | 1249210 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Fraser Valley Regional District|Fraser Valley]]
|[[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford]]
|53,585<ref name="FraserValleyRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Fraser Valley, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Fraser%20Valley&DGUIDlist=2021A00035909&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 53585 | 317670 | 2 }}
|39,920<ref name="FraserValleyRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Fraser Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5909&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=fraser%20valley&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 39920 | 288765 | 2 }}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|-
|[[Capital Regional District|Capital]]
|[[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]]
|13,825<ref name="CapitalRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Capital, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Capital&DGUIDlist=2021A00035917&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 13825 | 406080 | 2 }}
|10,850<ref name="CapitalRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Capital, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5917&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=capital&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 10850 | 372875 | 2 }}
|3,375
|{{Percentage | 3375 | 259830 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of Central Okanagan|Central Okanagan]]
|[[Kelowna]]
|7,425<ref name="CentralOkanaganRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Central Okanagan, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Central%20Okanagan&DGUIDlist=2021A00035935&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 7425 | 218530 | 2 }}
|3,955<ref name="CentralOkanaganRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Central Okanagan, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5935&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=central%20okanagan&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 3955 | 190565 | 2 }}
|470
|{{Percentage | 470 | 88815 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Thompson-Nicola Regional District|Thompson−Nicola]]
|[[Kamloops]]
|4,940<ref name="ThompsonNicolaRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Thompson-Nicola, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Thompson%2DNicola&DGUIDlist=2021A00035933&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 4940 | 139265 | 2 }}
|3,110<ref name="ThompsonNicolaRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Thompson-Nicola, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5933&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=thompson%20nicola&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 3110 | 129015 | 2 }}
|2,610
|{{Percentage | 2610 | 96075 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of Fraser-Fort George|Fraser−Fort George]]
|[[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]]
|4,060<ref name="FraserFortGeorgeRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Fraser-Fort George, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Fraser%2DFort%20George&DGUIDlist=2021A00035953&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 4060 | 95300 | 2 }}
|2,720<ref name="FraserFortGeorgeRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Fraser-Fort George, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5953&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=fraser%20fort%20george&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 2720 | 92935 | 2 }}
|2,130
|{{Percentage | 2130 | 88970 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of Nanaimo|Nanaimo]]
|[[Nanaimo]]
|3,450<ref name="NanaimoRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Nanaimo, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Nanaimo&DGUIDlist=2021A00035921&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 3450 | 166165 | 2 }}
|2,370<ref name="NanaimoRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Nanaimo, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5921&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=nanaimo&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 2370 | 151630 | 2 }}
|1,035
|{{Percentage | 1035 | 81445 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen|Okanagan−Similkameen]]
|[[Penticton]]
|3,445<ref name="OkanaganSimilkameenRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Okanagan-Similkameen, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Okanagan%2DSimilkameen&DGUIDlist=2021A00035907&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 3445 | 87665 | 2 }}
|2,950<ref name="OkanaganSimilkameenRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Okanagan-Similkameen, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5907&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=okanagan%20similkameen&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 2950 | 80445 | 2 }}
|595
|{{Percentage | 595 | 58340 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Squamish-Lillooet Regional District|Squamish−Lillooet]]
|[[Squamish, British Columbia|Squamish]]
|1,725<ref name="SquamishLillooetRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Squamish-Lillooet, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Squamish%2DLillooet&DGUIDlist=2021A00035931&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 1725 | 49615 | 2 }}
|1,550<ref name="SquamishLillooetRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Squamish-Lillooet, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5931&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=squamish%20lillooet&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 1550 | 41580 | 2 }}
|685
|{{Percentage | 685 | 17795 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Peace River Regional District|Peace River]]
|[[Fort St. John, British Columbia|Fort St. John]]
|1,600<ref name="PeaceRiverRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Peace River, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Peace%20River&DGUIDlist=2021A00035955&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 1600 | 60335 | 2 }}
|990<ref name="PeaceRiverRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Peace River, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5955&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=peace%20river&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 990 | 61525 | 2 }}
|400
|{{Percentage | 400 | 57035 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of North Okanagan|North Okanagan]]
|[[Vernon, British Columbia|Vernon]]
|1,390<ref name="NorthOkanaganRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table North Okanagan, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=North%20Okanagan&DGUIDlist=2021A00035937&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 1390 | 89510 | 2 }}
|940<ref name="NorthOkanaganRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census North Okanagan, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5937&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=north%20okanagan&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 940 | 82455 | 2 }}
|435
|{{Percentage | 435 | 54050 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Cowichan Valley Regional District|Cowichan Valley]]
|[[Duncan, British Columbia|Duncan]]
|1,295<ref name="CowichanValleyRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Cowichan Valley, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Cowichan%20Valley&DGUIDlist=2021A00035919&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 1295 | 87330 | 2 }}
|1,375<ref name="CowichanValleyRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Cowichan Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5919&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=cowichan%20valley&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 1375 | 81880 | 2 }}
|1,380
|{{Percentage | 1380 | 52025 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of Kitimat-Stikine|Kitimat−Stikine]]
|[[Terrace, British Columbia|Terrace]]
|895<ref name="KitimatStikineRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Kitimat-Stikine, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Kitimat%2DStikine&DGUIDlist=2021A00035949&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 895 | 37270 | 2 }}
|625<ref name="KitimatStikineRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Kitimat-Stikine, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5949&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=kitimat%20stikine&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 625 | 36940 | 2 }}
|1,220
|{{Percentage | 1220 | 39365 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Cariboo Regional District|Cariboo]]
|[[Williams Lake, British Columbia|Williams Lake]]
|890<ref name="CaribooRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Cariboo, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Cariboo&DGUIDlist=2021A00035941&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 890 | 62180 | 2 }}
|1,045<ref name="CaribooRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Cariboo, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5941&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=cariboo&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 1045 | 61000 | 2 }}
|2,720
|{{Percentage | 2720 | 59220 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of East Kootenay|East Kootenay]]
|[[Cranbrook, British Columbia|Cranbrook]]
|830
|{{Percentage | 830 | 64420 | 2 }}
|385
|{{Percentage | 385 | 59235 | 2 }}
|610
|{{Percentage | 610 | 52755 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of Central Kootenay|Central Kootenay]]
|[[Nelson, British Columbia|Nelson]]
|730
|{{Percentage | 730 | 61180 | 2 }}
|475
|{{Percentage | 475 | 58335 | 2 }}
|95
|{{Percentage | 95 | 48635 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Comox Valley Regional District|Comox Valley]]
|[[Courtenay, British Columbia|Courtenay]]
|665
|{{Percentage | 665 | 71115 | 2 }}
|480
|{{Percentage | 480 | 65355 | 2 }}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|-
|[[North Coast Regional District|North Coast]]
|[[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert]]
|665
|{{Percentage | 665 | 17990 | 2 }}
|420
|{{Percentage | 420 | 17895 | 2 }}
|600
|{{Percentage | 600 | 22965 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Columbia-Shuswap Regional District|Columbia–Shuswap]]
|[[Salmon Arm]]
|585
|{{Percentage | 585 | 55765 | 2 }}
|405
|{{Percentage | 405 | 50195 | 2 }}
|415
|{{Percentage | 415 | 39645 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Strathcona Regional District|Strathcona]]
|[[Campbell River, British Columbia|Campbell River]]
|545
|{{Percentage | 545 | 47280 | 2 }}
|275
|{{Percentage | 275 | 43810 | 2 }}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|-
|[[Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District|Alberni−Clayoquot]]
|[[Port Alberni, British Columbia|Port Alberni]]
|530<ref name="AlberniClayoquotRD2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-09-02
|title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Alberni-Clayoquot, Regional district (RD) British Columbia [Census division] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Alberni%2DClayoquot&DGUIDlist=2021A00035923&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 530 | 32680 | 2 }}
|640<ref name="AlberniClayoquotRD2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Alberni-Clayoquot, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5923&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&SearchText=alberni%20clayoquot&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|{{Percentage | 640 | 30260 | 2 }}
|1,270
|{{Percentage | 1270 | 30225 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of Bulkley-Nechako|Bulkley–Nechako]]
|[[Smithers, British Columbia|Smithers]]
|460
|{{Percentage | 460 | 37300 | 2 }}
|255
|{{Percentage | 255 | 37445 | 2 }}
|820
|{{Percentage | 820 | 37320 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Sunshine Coast Regional District|Sunshine Coast]]
|[[Sechelt]]
|430
|{{Percentage | 430 | 31510 | 2 }}
|235
|{{Percentage | 235 | 29370 | 2 }}
|15
|{{Percentage | 15 | 16645 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of Kootenay Boundary|Kootenay Boundary]]
|[[Trail, British Columbia|Trail]]
|415
|{{Percentage | 415 | 32405 | 2 }}
|125
|{{Percentage | 125 | 30675 | 2 }}
|225
|{{Percentage | 225 | 30005 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Qathet Regional District|qathet]]
|[[Powell River, British Columbia|Powell River]]
|160
|{{Percentage | 160 | 21065 | 2 }}
|70
|{{Percentage | 70 | 19615 | 2 }}
|125
|{{Percentage | 125 | 18220 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Regional District of Mount Waddington|Mount Waddington]]
|[[Port Hardy]]
|70
|{{Percentage | 70 | 10710 | 2 }}
|40
|{{Percentage | 40 | 10870 | 2 }}
|225
|{{Percentage | 225 | 14920 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Northern Rockies Regional Municipality|Northern Rockies]]
|[[Fort Nelson, British Columbia|Fort Nelson]]
|65
|{{Percentage | 65 | 4390 | 2 }}
|40
|{{Percentage | 40 | 5295 | 2 }}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|-
|[[Central Coast Regional District|Central Coast]]
|[[Bella Coola, British Columbia|Bella Coola]]
|0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 3555 | 2 }}
|0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 3300 | 2 }}
|0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 3115 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Stikine Region|Stikine]]
|[[Atlin, British Columbia|Atlin]]
|0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 660 | 2 }}
|0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 740 | 2 }}
|35
|{{Percentage | 35 | 2025 | 2 }}
|-
! British Columbia
!Total
!473,965
!{{Percentage | 473965 | 4915945 | 2 }}
!365,705
!{{Percentage | 365705 | 4560240 | 2 }}
!78,810
!|{{Percentage | 78810 | 2849585 | 2 }}
|}

As per the 2021 census, metropolitan areas in British Columbia with large South Asian Canadian communities include [[Metro Vancouver|Vancouver]] (369,295), Abbotsford-Mission (49,835), [[Greater Victoria|Victoria]] (13,715), [[Kelowna Metropolitan Area|Kelowna]] (7,420), [[Kamloops]] (4,420), [[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]] (3,905), Chilliwack (3,275), [[Nanaimo]] (3,175), [[Squamish, British Columbia|Squamish]] (1,530), and [[Greater Vernon|Vernon]] (1,305). Additionally, according to the 2021 census, metropolitan areas in British Columbia with the highest proportions of South Asian Canadians include Abbotsford-Mission (25.9%), [[Metro Vancouver|Vancouver]] (14.2%), [[Squamish, British Columbia|Squamish]] (6.4%), [[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert]] (5.0%), [[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]] (4.4%), [[Kamloops]] (4.0%), [[Fort St. John, British Columbia|Fort St. John]] (3.9%), [[Terrace, British Columbia|Terrace]] (3.7%), [[Greater Victoria|Victoria]] (3.5%), and [[Kelowna Metropolitan Area|Kelowna]] (3.4%).
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ South Asian Canadians by [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|metropolitan areas]] (1986–2021)
|-
! rowspan="2" | Metro area
! colspan="2" |[[2021 Canadian census|2021]]<ref name="MetroAreas2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2023-06-21 |title=Visible minority by gender and age: Census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810035102 |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |[[2016 Canadian census|2016]]<ref name="MetroAreas2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-06-17 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Select from a list Subprovincial geography levels: British Columbia Census metropolitan areas / Census agglomerations |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/search-recherche/lst/results-resultats.cfm?Lang=E&TABID=1&G=1&Geo1=&Code1=&Geo2=&Code2=&GEOCODE=59&type=0 |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |[[Census in Canada|1986]]<ref name="population1986F">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-06-27
|title= Data tables, 1986 Census Census Profile for Census Metropolitan Areas, Tracted Census Agglomerations and Census Tracts, 1986 Census – Part A |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census86/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=113686&PRID=0&PTYPE=113679&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1986&THEME=133&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="population1986G">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-06-27
|title= Data tables, 1986 Census Census Profile for Census Metropolitan Areas, Tracted Census Agglomerations and Census Tracts, 1986 Census – Part B |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/English/census86/data/tables/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=113687&PRID=0&PTYPE=113679&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=1986&THEME=133&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="population1986H">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03
|title= Census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations : part 1 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.676551/publication.html |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="population1986I">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-04-03
|title= Census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations : part 2 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.676553/publication.html |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
|[[Greater Vancouver|Vancouver CMA]]
|369,295
|{{Percentage | 369295 | 2607015 | 2 }}
|291,005
|{{Percentage | 291005 | 2426235 | 2 }}
|51,975
|{{Percentage | 51975 | 1362445 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford–Mission]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
|49,835
|{{Percentage | 49835 | 192115 | 2 }}
|38,250
|{{Percentage | 38250 | 176330 | 2 }}
|4,775
|{{Percentage | 4775 | 86700 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Greater Victoria|Victoria CMA]]
|13,715
|{{Percentage | 13715 | 388470 | 2 }}
|10,780
|{{Percentage | 10780 | 357690 | 2 }}
|3,375
|{{Percentage | 3375 | 250845 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Greater Kelowna|Kelowna CMA]]
|7,420
|{{Percentage | 7420 | 218525 | 2 }}
|3,955
|{{Percentage | 3955 | 190565 | 2 }}
|470
|{{Percentage | 470 | 88810 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kamloops]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
|4,420
|{{Percentage | 4420 | 110545 | 2 }}
|2,650
|{{Percentage | 2650 | 100755 | 2 }}
|1,510
|{{Percentage | 1510 | 61025 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|3,905
|{{Percentage | 3905 | 87915 | 2 }}
|2,630
|{{Percentage | 2630 | 85135 | 2 }}
|1,810
|{{Percentage | 1810 | 67305 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Chilliwack]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
|3,275
|{{Percentage | 3275 | 111560 | 2 }}
|1,465
|{{Percentage | 1465 | 98850 | 2 }}
|320
|{{Percentage | 320 | 49590 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Nanaimo]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CMA]]
|3,175
|{{Percentage | 3175 | 112410 | 2 }}
|2,115
|{{Percentage | 2115 | 101985 | 2 }}
|995
|{{Percentage | 995 | 59920 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Squamish, British Columbia|Squamish]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|1,530
|{{Percentage | 1530 | 23955 | 2 }}
|1,320
|{{Percentage | 1320 | 19490 | 2 }}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|-
|[[Vernon, British Columbia|Vernon]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|1,305
|{{Percentage | 1305 | 65320 | 2 }}
|880
|{{Percentage | 880 | 59715 | 2 }}
|380
|{{Percentage | 380 | 42100 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Penticton]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|1,220
|{{Percentage | 1220 | 46155 | 2 }}
|965
|{{Percentage | 965 | 42105 | 2 }}
|345
|{{Percentage | 345 | 38475 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Fort St. John, British Columbia|Fort St. John]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|1,120
|{{Percentage | 1120 | 28430 | 2 }}
|635
|{{Percentage | 635 | 27990 | 2 }}
|135
|{{Percentage | 135 | 13275 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Duncan, British Columbia|Duncan]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|1,010
|{{Percentage | 1010 | 46435 | 2 }}
|1,040
|{{Percentage | 1040 | 43165 | 2 }}
|1,020
|{{Percentage | 1020 | 23785 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Terrace, British Columbia|Terrace]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|720
|{{Percentage | 720 | 19515 | 2 }}
|410
|{{Percentage | 410 | 15460 | 2 }}
|500
|{{Percentage | 500 | 17310 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|660
|{{Percentage | 660 | 13295 | 2 }}
|410
|{{Percentage | 410 | 12515 | 2 }}
|560
|{{Percentage | 560 | 17335 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Courtenay, British Columbia|Courtenay]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|625
|{{Percentage | 625 | 62030 | 2 }}
|455
|{{Percentage | 455 | 53120 | 2 }}
|15
|{{Percentage | 15 | 37275 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Campbell River, British Columbia|Campbell River]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|540
|{{Percentage | 540 | 39935 | 2 }}
|255
|{{Percentage | 255 | 37110 | 2 }}
|375
|{{Percentage | 375 | 26605 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Alberni]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|485
|{{Percentage | 485 | 25380 | 2 }}
|600
|{{Percentage | 600 | 24715 | 2 }}
|1,215
|{{Percentage | 1215 | 26030 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Dawson Creek]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|450
|{{Percentage | 450 | 17380 | 2 }}
|340
|{{Percentage | 340 | 11780 | 2 }}
|70
|{{Percentage | 70 | 10420 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Williams Lake, British Columbia|Williams Lake]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|450
|{{Percentage | 450 | 23340 | 2 }}
|425
|{{Percentage | 425 | 17840 | 2 }}
|1,415
|{{Percentage | 1415 | 33375 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Cranbrook, British Columbia|Cranbrook]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|365
|{{Percentage | 365 | 26295 | 2 }}
|185
|{{Percentage | 185 | 25555 | 2 }}
|115
|{{Percentage | 115 | 15705 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Quesnel, British Columbia|Quesnel]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|320
|{{Percentage | 320 | 22900 | 2 }}
|535
|{{Percentage | 535 | 22940 | 2 }}
|1,275
|{{Percentage | 1275 | 23170 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Nelson, British Columbia|Nelson]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|275
|{{Percentage | 275 | 18715 | 2 }}
|135
|{{Percentage | 135 | 17955 | 2 }}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|-
|[[Trail, British Columbia|Trail]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|270
|{{Percentage | 270 | 13860 | 2 }}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|135
|{{Percentage | 135 | 20030 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Parksville, British Columbia|Parksville]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|230
|{{Percentage | 230 | 30015 | 2 }}
|215
|{{Percentage | 215 | 27985 | 2 }}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|-
|[[Salmon Arm]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|200
|{{Percentage | 200 | 18890 | 2 }}
|155
|{{Percentage | 155 | 17225 | 2 }}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|-
|[[Powell River, British Columbia|Powell River]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|155
|{{Percentage | 155 | 17465 | 2 }}
|65
|{{Percentage | 65 | 16360 | 2 }}
|95
|{{Percentage | 95 | 18220 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Ladysmith, British Columbia|Ladysmith]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|70
|{{Percentage | 70 | 15235 | 2 }}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|-
|[[Kitimat]] [[List of metropolitan areas in Canada|CA]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|720
|{{Percentage | 720 | 11130 | 2 }}
|-
! British Columbia
!473,965
!{{Percentage | 473965 | 4915945 | 2 }}
!365,705
!{{Percentage | 365705 | 4560240 | 2 }}
!78,810
!{{Percentage | 78810 | 2849585 | 2 }}
|}

=== South Coast ===
==== Metro Vancouver ====
{{main|South Asian Canadians in Greater Vancouver#Geographical distribution}}
[[File:Downtown Vancouver Sunset.jpg|thumb|300px|South Asian Canadians in the [[Metro Vancouver Regional District]] number 369,295 persons or 14.2 percent of the total population.]]
The [[Vancouver Metropolitan Area]], including [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]], has a high concentration of South Asian Canadians.<ref name="Bloemraadp68">Bloemraad, Irene. "Diversity and Elected Officials in the City of Vancouver." In: Andrew, Caroline, John Biles, Myer Siemiatycki, and Erin Tolley (editors). ''Electing a Diverse Canada: The Representation of Immigrants, Minorities, and Women''. [[UBC Press]], July 1, 2009. {{ISBN|0774858583}}, 9780774858588. CITED: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EWCq1_Jg82gC&pg=PA68 68].</ref>

According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], the South Asian Canadian population in the [[Metro Vancouver Regional District]] is 369,295 persons or 14.2 percent of the region's total population; an increase over the [[2016 Canadian census|2016 census]] count of 291,005 persons or 12 percent of the total population.<ref name="vancouver-2016">[http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5915&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Greater%20Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1 Census Profile, 2016 Census: Greater Vancouver, Regional district]. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 4 October 2018.</ref> As per the [[Statistics Canada]] 2001 census, the South Asian Canadian population in the region stood at approximately 163,340 persons.<ref name="StatsCanada">"[http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/indo-canadian/annexes.asp Annexes]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140904100704/http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/indo-canadian/annexes.asp Archive]). ''Report of Meetings with Representatives of the Indo‑Canadian Community''. [[Government of Canada]]. Retrieved on October 21, 2014.</ref>

The [[2006 Canadian census|2006 census]] counted 33,415 South Asian Canadians in the City of Vancouver.<ref>"[http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Vancouver.pdf Profile of Diversity in BC Communities 2006 Vancouver]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141024072900/http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Vancouver.pdf Archive]). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved on October 24, 2014.</ref> In the same census report, the South Asian Canadian population in the City of Surrey was considerably higher, at approximately had 107,810 persons.<ref>"[http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Surrey.pdf Profile of Diversity in BC Communities 2006 Surrey]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141024072855/http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Surrey.pdf Archive]). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved on October 24, 2014.</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ South Asian Canadians by [[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|subdivisions]] in Metro Vancouver (1986–2021)
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|Subdivision]]
! colspan="3" |Percentage
|-
![[2021 Canadian census|2021]]<ref name="Subdivisions2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-05-17 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Select from a list of geographies, British Columbia Census subdivision |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/search-recherche/lst/results-resultats.cfm?Lang=E&GEOCODE=59 |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
![[2016 Canadian census|2016]]<ref name="Subdivisions2016">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-06-17 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Select from a list Subprovincial geography levels: British Columbia Census subdivisions (municipalities) |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/search-recherche/lst/results-resultats.cfm?Lang=E&TABID=1&G=1&Geo1=&Code1=&Geo2=&Code2=&GEOCODE=59&type=0 |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
![[Census in Canada|1986]]<ref name="population1986D" /><ref name="population1986E" />
|-
|[[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]]
| {{Percentage | 212680 | 562565 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 168040 | 511540 | 2 }}<ref name="Surrey2016">{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915004&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&SearchText=surrey&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 | title=Surrey, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Greater Vancouver, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia | publisher=Statistics Canada | access-date=October 4, 2016}}</ref>
| {{Percentage | 9070 | 180285 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Delta, British Columbia|Delta]]
| {{Percentage | 27990 | 107270 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20485 | 100845 | 2 }}<ref name="Delta2016">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915011&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&SearchText=delta&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |title=Delta, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Greater Vancouver, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia |date= 4 October 2018 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>
| {{Percentage | 3325 | 79180 | 2 }}
|-
|[[New Westminster, British Columbia|New Westminster]]
| {{Percentage | 8105 | 78055 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5790 | 69905 | 2 }}<ref name="NewWestminster2016">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915029&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&SearchText=new%20westminster&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – New Westminster, City, British Columbia |date= 4 October 2018 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>
| {{Percentage | 1680 | 38735 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Burnaby]]
| {{Percentage | 23155 | 245725 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 18875 | 230080 | 2 }}<ref name="Burnaby2016">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915025&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&SearchText=burnaby&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Burnaby, City, British Columbia |date= 25 January 2018 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>
| {{Percentage | 6170 | 142635 | 2 }}
|-
|[[White Rock, British Columbia|White Rock]]
| {{Percentage | 1575 | 20725 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 995 | 19120 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 13850 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Richmond, British Columbia|Richmond]]
| {{Percentage | 15370 | 208400 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 14480 | 196660 | 2 }}<ref name="Richmond2016">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915015&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&SearchText=richmond&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Richmond, City, British Columbia |date= 4 October 2018 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>
| {{Percentage | 6945 | 107960 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Langley, British Columbia (city)|Langley (city)]]
| {{Percentage | 1960 | 28025 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 590 | 25315 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 70 | 16350 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Vancouver, British Columbia|Vancouver (city)]]
| {{Percentage | 44850 | 650380 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 37625 | 618210 | 2 }}<ref name="Vancouver2016">{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915022&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&SearchText=vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 | title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Vancouver, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Canada [Country] | date=8 February 2017 }}</ref>
| {{Percentage | 17410 | 424670 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley (district)]]
| {{Percentage | 8720 | 130960 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5140 | 115835 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 720 | 53025 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Metro Vancouver Electoral Area A|Metro Vancouver Subdivision A]]
| {{Percentage | 995 | 17080 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 605 | 14285 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 90 | 5450 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Coquitlam]]
| {{Percentage | 3490 | 60390 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2800 | 57895 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 785 | 28865 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Pitt Meadows]]
| {{Percentage | 1020 | 19025 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 880 | 18430 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 235 | 7995 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Coquitlam]]
| {{Percentage | 7405 | 147465 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 6220 | 138095 | 2 }}<ref name="Coquitlam2016">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915034&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&SearchText=coquitlam&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |title=Coquitlam, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Greater Vancouver, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=20 March 2018 |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>
| {{Percentage | 1835 | 67495 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Maple Ridge, British Columbia|Maple Ridge]]
| {{Percentage | 4245 | 89860 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2495 | 80975 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 285 | 35305 | 2 }}
|-
|[[North Vancouver (city)]]
| {{Percentage | 2100 | 57505 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2045 | 52185 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 725 | 35360 | 2 }}
|-
|[[West Vancouver]]
| {{Percentage | 1405 | 43385 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1080 | 41680 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 325 | 35730 | 2 }}
|-
|[[North Vancouver (district municipality)|North Vancouver (district)]]
| {{Percentage | 2780 | 87385 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 3345 | 84875 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1385 | 67785 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Moody]]
| {{Percentage | 1005 | 33455 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 800 | 33445 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 195 | 15740 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Anmore]]
| {{Percentage | 70 | 2395 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 2210 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Lions Bay]]
| {{Percentage | 20 | 1390 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 1380 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1125 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Bowen Island]]
| {{Percentage | 25 | 4225 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 70 | 3670 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Belcarra]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 645 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 595 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 555 | 2 }}
|}

==== Fraser Valley ====
[[File:Fraser Valley Panorama 4.jpg|300px|thumb|South Asian Canadians in the [[Fraser Valley Regional District]] number 53,585 persons or 16.9 percent of the total population.]]
According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], the South Asian Canadian population in the [[Fraser Valley Regional District]] is 53,585 persons or 16.9 percent of the region's total population; an increase over the [[2016 Canadian census|2016 census]] count of 39,920 persons or 13.8 percent of the total population.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Fraser Valley, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province]|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=5909&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=fraser%20valley&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1}}</ref>

The [[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford]] metropolitan area, in the [[Fraser Valley Regional District]], has Canada's highest proportion of Indo-Canadians.<ref>"[https://www.ufv.ca/media/assets/centre-for-indo-candian-studies/CICScase.pdf CENTRE FOR INDO-CANADIAN STUDIES AND RESEARCH at University College of the Fraser Valley]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141020040900/https://www.ufv.ca/media/assets/centre-for-indo-candian-studies/CICScase.pdf Archive]). [[University College of the Fraser Valley]]. p. 3 (PDF p. 4/14). Retrieved on October 20, 2014.</ref> In 2006 Abbotsford City had 23,355 South Asian visible minorities, and 23,615 persons indicated they had South Asian ethnic ancestry.<ref>"[http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Abbotsford.pdf Profile of Diversity in BC Communities 2006 Abbotsford]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141024072913/http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Abbotsford.pdf Archive]). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved on October 24, 2014.</ref> As of November 2009 Punjabi Sikhs were the majority group within the Indo-Canadian population in Abbotsford, and the city also had small numbers of Indo-Canadian Hindus, [[Ismailism|Ismailis]], other Muslims, and Christians. 96% of the Indo-Canadians in Abbotsford were Punjabi at that time, and Punjabis originated from [[Doaba, Punjab|Doaba]], [[Majha]], [[Malwa, Punjab|Malwa]], and other regions.<ref>"[http://www.abbotsford.ca/Assets/2014+Abbotsford/Parks+Recreation+and+Culture/Social+Development/Abbotsford+Indo+Canadian+Seniors+Project.pdf ABBOTSFORD INDO CANADIAN SENIORS PROJECT PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE STRATEGIC AND COMMUNITY PLANNING DEPT CITY OF ABBOTSFORD NOVEMBER 2009]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150315222131/http://www.abbotsford.ca/Assets/2014+Abbotsford/Parks+Recreation+and+Culture/Social+Development/Abbotsford+Indo+Canadian+Seniors+Project.pdf Archive]). Consultant: Centre for Indo Canadian Studies of the [[University of the Fraser Valley]]. p. 8. Retrieved on April 17, 2015.</ref> As of 2006 to 2009, the [[Punjabi language]] was spoken by 39.3% of Abbotsford households, making it the second most-commonly spoken language at home after English.<ref name="AbbotsfordSeniorsp12">"[http://www.abbotsford.ca/Assets/2014+Abbotsford/Parks+Recreation+and+Culture/Social+Development/Abbotsford+Indo+Canadian+Seniors+Project.pdf ABBOTSFORD INDO CANADIAN SENIORS PROJECT PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE STRATEGIC AND COMMUNITY PLANNING DEPT CITY OF ABBOTSFORD NOVEMBER 2009]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150315222131/http://www.abbotsford.ca/Assets/2014+Abbotsford/Parks+Recreation+and+Culture/Social+Development/Abbotsford+Indo+Canadian+Seniors+Project.pdf Archive]). Consultant: Centre for Indo Canadian Studies of the [[University of the Fraser Valley]]. p. 12. Retrieved on April 17, 2015. "Indo Canadians make up approximately 15% of Abbotsford's total population. Of the 23,190 visible minorities identified in the 2001 census,[...]" (in section discussing 2001 statistics) and "In 2006 these statistics saw a sharp increase in population of people from the region called South Asia. Indo Canadians now make up approximately 18% of the total population in Abbotsford. This is an increase of 7% in five years.[...]" (in section discussing 2006 statistics) and "The total immigrant population of which South Asians are the largest group has risen 3.3% in five years and Abbotsford attracted 20% more immigrants from India in the last five years."</ref>

Indo-Canadian settlement of Abbotsford began in 1905, and the existing residents of the community initially had a positive reception to the Indo-Canadians. The [[MSA Museum Society]] stated that only a few of the existing residents had anti-Indo-Canadian feelings and that "most of the community" had "not only tolerated but welcomed" the Indo-Canadians.<ref name="MSAMuseum">"[http://www.msamuseum.ca/abbotsford-history/indo-canadian-history/ Indo Canadian History]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150417094725/http://www.msamuseum.ca/abbotsford-history/indo-canadian-history/ Archive]). [[MSA Museum Society]]. Retrieved on April 17, 2015.</ref> Around 1911 the largest employer of Abbotsford Sikh people was the Tretheway family, the owner of the Abbotsford Lumber Company. The Hartnell Lumber Mill, which provided residential quarters, also employed large numbers of Indo-Canadians.<ref name="MSAMuseum" /> In addition Indo-Canadians in Abbotsford worked in berry farms and in area businesses.<ref name="Canadamortgage">"[http://www.cmhc.ca/en/co/buho/seca/ab/ab_001.cfm City of Abbotsford]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20151017103154/http://www.cmhc.ca/en/co/buho/seca/ab/ab_001.cfm Archive]). [[Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation]]. Retrieved on October 19, 2014.</ref> The first permanent gurdwara and Canada's oldest still-standing gurdwara, the [[Gur Sikh Temple]], was built in 1911 with lumber donated from the Trethewey family and opened on February 25, 1912. Prior to the construction of the gurdwara, Indo-Canadian Sikhs held services at a house in Maple Grove. The MSA Museum stated that according to the memory of Abbotsford resident Margaret Weir, the first Indo-Canadian baby in Abbotsford was born in 1912.<ref name="MSAMuseum" /> Additional members of the ethnic group first arrived in the 1920s.<ref name="Canadamortgage" />

A 1982 survey of farm workers in British Columbia by the Abbotsford-Matsqui Community Services organization stated that many of the Punjabi farm workers in British Columbia were illiterate even in Punjabi. The survey had chronicled 270 Punjabi-speaking and French-speaking farm workers.<ref>Singh, Hira, p. [http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759484&qryID=915cc7d1-8237-45d4-9146-8d4c2c9a5bae 103] ([https://archive.today/20240527082945/https://www.webcitation.org/6YVzNiH9e?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx%3Fid%3D3759484%26amp;qryID%3D915cc7d1-8237-45d4-9146-8d4c2c9a5bae Archive]).</ref>

As of 2006 persons of Indian origin were immigrating to Abbotsford, and therefore maintaining the city's Indo-Canadian presence. At the same time many members of Abbotsford's Indo-Canadian community were in their third and fourth generations.<ref name="AbbotsfordSeniorsp11">"[http://www.abbotsford.ca/Assets/2014+Abbotsford/Parks+Recreation+and+Culture/Social+Development/Abbotsford+Indo+Canadian+Seniors+Project.pdf ABBOTSFORD INDO CANADIAN SENIORS PROJECT PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE STRATEGIC AND COMMUNITY PLANNING DEPT CITY OF ABBOTSFORD NOVEMBER 2009]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150315222131/http://www.abbotsford.ca/Assets/2014+Abbotsford/Parks+Recreation+and+Culture/Social+Development/Abbotsford+Indo+Canadian+Seniors+Project.pdf Archive]). Consultant: Centre for Indo Canadian Studies of the [[University of the Fraser Valley]]. p. 11. Retrieved on April 17, 2015.</ref>

There were 6,075 residents of Abbotsford who had Indian origins in 1991.<ref name="MSAMuseum" /> In 2001 73% of Abbotsford's visible minorities were Indo-Canadian, and about 15% of the city's total population was Indo-Canadian. In 2006 72.5% of the city's visible minority population was Indo-Canadian. From 2001 to 2006 the Indo-Canadian population percentage rose by 7%, up to 18%. The percentage of immigrants coming from India to Abbotsford increased by 20% within a five year span ending around 2009.<ref name="AbbotsfordSeniorsp12" />

In 2014 Ken Harar of the ''[[Abbotsford News]]'' wrote that [[Mission, British Columbia|Mission]] "has always had a vibrant Indo-Canadian community".<ref>Harar, Ken. "[http://www.abbynews.com/opinion/244055841.html Grewall first Indo-Canadian to hold office of mayor in Canada]" (Opinion) ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150418100600/http://www.abbynews.com/opinion/244055841.html Archive]). ''[[Abbotsford News]]''. February 6, 2014. Retrieved on April 18, 2015.</ref> This community was active since the early 1900s. An Indo-Canadian volleyball team, "Mission Sikhs", played in the area. In 1950, [[Naranjan Grewall]] became the first Indo-Canadian elected to public office when he took a position in Mission City's government as a Commissioner, and in 1954, was elected as the Chairman.<ref name="Mahil">Mahil, Lovleen. "[http://www.missionmuseum.com/milestone-indo-canadians.php Indo-Canadian Community in Mission]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150110173738/http://www.missionmuseum.com/milestone-indo-canadians.php Archive]). ''Mission Community Archives'', Mission Museum. Retrieved on March 16, 2015.</ref> In 2006 2,220 South Asian visible minorities resided in Mission, making up 63.2% of the city's visible minorities, and 2,180 persons in Mission claimed South Asian ancestry, making up 3.8% of the total persons in the city.<ref>"[http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Mission.pdf Profile of Diversity in BC Communities 2006 Mission]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121032/http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Mission.pdf Archive]). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved on October 24, 2014.</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ South Asian Canadians by [[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|subdivisions]] in the Fraser Valley (1986–2021)
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|Subdivision]]
! colspan="3" |Percentage
|-
![[2021 Canadian census|2021]]<ref name="Subdivisions2021" />
![[2016 Canadian census|2016]]<ref name="Subdivisions2016" />
![[Census in Canada|1986]]<ref name="population1986D" /><ref name="population1986E" />
|-
|[[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford]]
| {{Percentage | 45505 | 150800 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35310 | 138555 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 3000 | 64635 | 2 }}{{efn|name=matsqui|Including the [[District of Matsqui]], which was amalgamated with Abbotsford in 1995}}
|-
|[[Fraser Valley Regional District#Electoral Area "G"|Fraser Valley Subdivision G]]
| {{Percentage | 205 | 1690 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 110 | 1770 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Mission, British Columbia|Mission]]
| {{Percentage | 4330 | 40625 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2940 | 37490 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1165 | 21550 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Fraser Valley Regional District#Electoral Area "F"|Fraser Valley Subdivision F]]
| {{Percentage | 100 | 1380 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 50 | 1285 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Fraser Valley Regional District#Electoral Area "A"|Fraser Valley Subdivision A]]
| {{Percentage | 20 | 470 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 455 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Chilliwack]]
| {{Percentage | 3025 | 91985 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1325 | 82210 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 290 | 41135 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Fraser Valley Regional District#Electoral Area "B"|Fraser Valley Subdivision B]]
| {{Percentage | 25 | 780 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 770 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Fraser Valley Regional District#Electoral Area "D"|Fraser Valley Subdivision D]]
| {{Percentage | 45 | 1995 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1490 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Harrison Hot Springs]]
| {{Percentage | 40 | 1860 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 1435 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 720 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Hope, British Columbia|Hope]]
| {{Percentage | 100 | 6335 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 155 | 6065 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 105 | 3015 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kent, British Columbia|Kent]]
| {{Percentage | 80 | 5585 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 5215 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 3220 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Fraser Valley Regional District#Electoral Area "C"|Fraser Valley Subdivision C]]
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1115 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 905 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Fraser Valley Regional District#Electoral Area "H"|Fraser Valley Subdivision H]]
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2425 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 1815 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Fraser Valley Regional District#Electoral Area "E"|Fraser Valley Subdivision E]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1460 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 1420 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Matsqui
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 3000 | 50220 | 2 }}
|-
|Fraser Cheam Subdivision A
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 190 | 3775 | 2 }}
|-
|Dewdney-Alouette Subdivision A
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 60 | 2830 | 2 }}
|-
|Central Fraser Valley Subdivision A
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 320 | 2 }}
|-
|Fraser Cheam Subdivision B
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3080 | 2 }}
|-
|Fraser Cheam Subdivision C
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 90 | 2 }}
|}

==== Vancouver Island ====
[[File:The Empress, Victoria, BC.jpg|thumb|300px|South Asian Canadians in the [[Capital Regional District]] number 13,825 persons or 3.4 percent of the total population according to the 2021 census. This represented an increase over the 1986 census, when South Asian Canadians comprised 1.3 percent of the total population of the regional district.]]
[[File:Namaimo aerial 4.jpg|thumb|300px|South Asian Canadians in the [[Regional District of Nanaimo]] number 3,450 persons or 2.1 percent of the total population according to the 2021 census. This represented an increase over the 1986 census, when South Asian Canadians comprised 1.3 percent of the total population of the regional district.]]
[[File:Aerial view of the south end of Port Alberni.JPG|thumb|300px|South Asian Canadians in the [[Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District]] number 530 persons or 1.6 percent of the total population according to the 2021 census. This represented a decrease from the 1986 census, when South Asian Canadians comprised 4.2 percent of the total population of the regional district.]]
[[File:Cowichan River delta from Mt Tzouhalem.jpg|thumb|300px|South Asian Canadians in the [[Cowichan Valley Regional District]] number 1,295 persons or 1.5 percent of the total population according to the 2021 census. This represented a decrease from the 1986 census, when South Asian Canadians comprised 2.7 percent of the total population of the regional district.]]
[[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]], within the [[Capital Regional District]], had 1,015 South Asian visible minorities in 2006. 1,105 persons stated that they had South Asian origins.<ref>"[http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Victoria.pdf Profile of Diversity in BC Communities 2006 Victoria]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141024072910/http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Victoria.pdf Archive]). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved on October 24, 2014.</ref> Officials of the India-Canada Cultural Association of Victoria (ICCA) stated in 2013 that the Victoria area had about 5,000 families with Indian descent.<ref name="ReidTimesColonist">Reid, Michael D. "[http://www.timescolonist.com/life/around-town-celebrating-diverse-culture-1.574494 Around Town: Celebrating diverse culture]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150418081901/http://www.timescolonist.com/life/around-town-celebrating-diverse-culture-1.574494 Archive]). ''[[Times Colonist]]''. August 9, 2013. Retrieved on April 18, 2015.</ref>

Outside of Victoria, smaller South Asian communities exist all along the Island's east coast. Sikh temples exist in [[Campbell River, British Columbia|Campbell River]], [[Port Alberni, British Columbia|Port Alberni]], [[Nanaimo, British Columbia|Nanaimo]], [[Lake Cowichan, British Columbia|Lake Cowichan]], [[Duncan, British Columbia|Duncan]], and most notably in the historic settlement of [[Paldi, British Columbia|Paldi]]. Mayo Singh founded the town of [[Paldi, British Columbia|Paldi]] on [[Vancouver Island]], naming it after Paldi, [[Hoshiarpur]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], and accordingly this town hosted a large Indo-Canadian community for several decades.<ref>{{cite web |title=PALDI: Town soaked in Sikh History |url=https://www.desitoday.ca/paldi-town-soaked-in-sikh-history/ |website=Desi Today Magazine |access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref> Until the 1970s, Paldi was the only Sikh majority area in all of Canada.<ref name="AmesConflictp22">Ames, and Inglis, "[http://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/download/789/832 Conflict and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life]," p. 22.</ref>

As Indo-Canadians in early Vancouver Island were extremely influential, owning large companies and land holdings – a number of public spaces on the Island are named for Indo-Canadians. ''Kapoor Regional Park'' for example, is named after businessman and philanthropist Kapoor Singh Siddoo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kapoor Regional Park |url=https://www.crd.bc.ca/parks-recreation-culture/parks-trails/find-park-trail/kapoor |website=www.crd.bc.ca |access-date=11 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> A park near [[Shawnigan Lake, BC|Shawnigan Lake]] is named ''Drs. Jagdis K and Sarjit K. Siddoo Park'' after other members of the Siddoo family who donated the land.<ref>{{cite web |title=New 8.4-hectare park donated in Cowichan Valley |url=https://www.chemainusvalleycourier.ca/news/new-8-4-hectare-park-donated-in-cowichan-valley/ |website=Chemainus Valley Courier |access-date=11 April 2022 |date=10 September 2018}}</ref> Streets in Paldi bare Punjabi first names such as "Rajeet Road", "Kapoor Road", "Bishan Road", and "Jindo Road". Similarly a street in Lake Cowichan is named "Natara Place", after Sikh priest Natara Singh who lived in the area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Burns – Natara family – City of Vancouver Archives |url=https://searcharchives.vancouver.ca/burns-natara-family |website=searcharchives.vancouver.ca |access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref> The same town also has a "Johel Street" and "Johel Court", the surname of another prominent Punjabi family in the area.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ South Asian Canadians by [[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|subdivisions]] on Vancouver Island (1986–2021)
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|Subdivision]]
! colspan="3" |Percentage
|-
![[2021 Canadian census|2021]]<ref name="Subdivisions2021" />
![[2016 Canadian census|2016]]<ref name="Subdivisions2016" />
![[Census in Canada|1986]]<ref name="population1986D" /><ref name="population1986E" />
|-
|[[View Royal]]
| {{Percentage | 655 | 11260 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 565 | 9910 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Saanich, British Columbia|Saanich]]
| {{Percentage | 6605 | 115505 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5795 | 111835 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2155 | 81860 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Langford, British Columbia|Langford]]
| {{Percentage | 1880 | 46190 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 935 | 34920 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Nanaimo]]
| {{Percentage | 3095 | 97020 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1995 | 87650 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 990 | 48525 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]]
| {{Percentage | 2540 | 87890 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1940 | 81655 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 775 | 63840 | 2 }}
|-
|[[North Cowichan]]
| {{Percentage | 900 | 31425 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 895 | 29035 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 905 | 18535 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Central Saanich]]
| {{Percentage | 490 | 17170 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 400 | 16470 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 100 | 11400 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Alberni]]
| {{Percentage | 465 | 17960 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 520 | 17320 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1170 | 18125 | 2 }}
|-
|[[North Saanich]]
| {{Percentage | 275 | 12190 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 150 | 11195 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 7240 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Oak Bay, British Columbia|Oak Bay]]
| {{Percentage | 370 | 17640 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 310 | 17475 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 16720 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Esquimalt]]
| {{Percentage | 305 | 17290 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 225 | 16925 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 145 | 15765 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Lake Cowichan]]
| {{Percentage | 55 | 3315 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 80 | 3220 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 160 | 2185 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Courtenay, British Columbia|Courtenay]]
| {{Percentage | 445 | 27815 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 325 | 25005 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 9605 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Campbell River, British Columbia|Campbell River]]
| {{Percentage | 535 | 34885 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 245 | 31960 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 385 | 16860 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Colwood, British Columbia|Colwood]]
| {{Percentage | 280 | 18790 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 205 | 16725 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 95 | 11430 | 2 }}
|-
|Mount Waddington Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 10 | 725 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 880 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1155 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Ucluelet]]
| {{Percentage | 25 | 1985 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1640 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 1565 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Sidney, British Columbia|Sidney]]
| {{Percentage | 140 | 11780 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 95 | 11130 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 8860 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Hardy]]
| {{Percentage | 40 | 3860 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 4075 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 180 | 5385 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Duncan, British Columbia|Duncan]]
| {{Percentage | 45 | 4645 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 75 | 4470 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 105 | 3875 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Tofino]]
| {{Percentage | 20 | 2230 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 1750 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 900 | 2 }}
|-
|Nanaimo Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 65 | 7395 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 7025 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 10900 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port McNeill|Port McNeil]]
| {{Percentage | 20 | 2345 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2330 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 2505 | 2 }}
|-
|Cowichan Valley Subdivision C
| {{Percentage | 40 | 5045 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 65 | 5020 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 8615 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Metchosin]]
| {{Percentage | 35 | 4710 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 4520 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 3530 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Comox, British Columbia|Comox]]
| {{Percentage | 105 | 14330 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 70 | 13705 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 6800 | 2 }}
|-
|Cowichan Valley Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 35 | 4865 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 4585 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 80 | 2850 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Ladysmith, British Columbia|Ladysmith]]
| {{Percentage | 60 | 8800 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 8355 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 100 | 4385 | 2 }}
|-
|Cowichan Valley Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 55 | 8870 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 70 | 8415 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 9410 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Parksville, British Columbia|Parksville]]
| {{Percentage | 80 | 13305 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 95 | 12030 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5665 | 2 }}
|-
|Alberni-Clayoquot Subdivision E
| {{Percentage | 20 | 2930 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 2740 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Comox Valley Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 50 | 7830 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 7105 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Qualicum Beach]]
| {{Percentage | 50 | 8775 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 8505 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3410 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Cumberland, British Columbia|Cumberland]]
| {{Percentage | 20 | 4380 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3685 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1775 | 2 }}
|-
|Comox Valley Subdivision C
| {{Percentage | 35 | 9090 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 8550 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Strathcona Subdivision C
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2675 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2360 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Comox Valley Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 15 | 7385 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 7090 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Alberni-Clayoquot Subdivision F
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1910 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 50 | 1915 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Lantzville]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3820 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 90 | 3605 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Alberni-Clayoquot Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 0 | 525 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 425 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 655 | 2 }}
|-
|Alberni-Clayoquot Subdivision C
| {{Percentage | 0 | 875 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 620 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Strathcona Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1055 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 1075 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Strathcona Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 0 | 930 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 740 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Alberni-Clayoquot Subdivision D
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1820 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1625 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Strathcona Subdivision D
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4075 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 4295 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Tahsis]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 365 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 215 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 175 | 1395 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Gold River, British Columbia|Gold River]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1245 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1210 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 1940 | 2 }}
|-
|Alberni-Clayoquot Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 0 | 200 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 235 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 90 | 7490 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Port Alice]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 760 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 620 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1325 | 2 }}
|-
|Capital Subdivision B
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 135 | 20090 | 2 }}
|-
|Comox-Strathcona Subdivision B
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 9130 | 2 }}
|-
|Capital Subdivision A
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 8965 | 2 }}
|-
|Comox-Strathcona Subdivision C
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 18940 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Alert Bay]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 350 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 520 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 665 | 2 }}
|-
|Mount Waddington Subdivision C
| {{Percentage | 0 | 770 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 730 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Mount Waddington Subdivision D
| {{Percentage | 0 | 355 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 210 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Nanaimo Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4495 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4015 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 12405 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Sayward]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 285 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 305 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 385 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Zeballos, British Columbia|Zeballos]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 100 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 95 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 195 | 2 }}
|-
|Capital Subdivision C
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 8115 | 2 }}
|-
|Comox-Strathcona Subdivision A
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2685 | 2 }}
|-
|Comox-Strathcona Subdivision D
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 210 | 2 }}
|-
|Mount Waddington Subdivision B
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2490 | 2 }}
|}

==== Sunshine Coast/Sea-to-Sky Corridor ====
[[Squamish, British Columbia|Squamish]] in the [[Squamish-Lillooet Regional District]] has an Indo-Canadian population.<ref name="ConnellySetbacks" /> In 2006 it had 1,675 persons of South Asian origin and 1,695 persons claiming South Asian ancestry.<ref>"[http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Squamish.pdf Profile of Diversity in BC Communities 2006 Squamish]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141103055146/http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Squamish.pdf Archive]). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved on November 3, 2014.</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ South Asian Canadians by [[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|subdivisions]] on the [[Sunshine Coast (British Columbia)|Sunshine Coast]] and [[Sea-to-Sky Corridor]] (1986–2021)
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|Subdivision]]
! colspan="3" |Percentage
|-
![[2021 Canadian census|2021]]<ref name="Subdivisions2021" />
![[2016 Canadian census|2016]]<ref name="Subdivisions2016" />
![[Census in Canada|1986]]<ref name="population1986D" /><ref name="population1986E" />
|-
|[[Squamish, British Columbia|Squamish]]
| {{Percentage | 1530 | 23545 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1315 | 19110 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 565 | 10120 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Gibsons]]
| {{Percentage | 110 | 4575 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 4405 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2615 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Sechelt]]
| {{Percentage | 250 | 10610 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 115 | 10005 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1210 | 2 }}
|-
|Squamish-Lillooet Subdivision D
| {{Percentage | 20 | 1025 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 990 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Lillooet]]
| {{Percentage | 25 | 2275 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 2250 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 100 | 1680 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Powell River, British Columbia|Powell River]]
| {{Percentage | 150 | 13635 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 60 | 12855 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 115 | 12310 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Pemberton, British Columbia|Pemberton]]
| {{Percentage | 35 | 3395 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 2565 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 365 | 2 }}
|-
|Sunshine Coast Subdivision D
| {{Percentage | 30 | 3520 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 3415 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Whistler, British Columbia|Whistler]]
| {{Percentage | 105 | 13425 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 170 | 11245 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1985 | 2 }}
|-
|Sunshine Coast Subdivision F
| {{Percentage | 15 | 2325 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 50 | 1990 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Sunshine Coast Subdivision E
| {{Percentage | 20 | 3810 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 3620 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Sunshine Coast Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2955 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2705 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Squamish-Lillooet Subdivision C
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1990 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 1650 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Squamish-Lillooet Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 0 | 255 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 200 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 1845 | 2 }}
|-
|Sunshine Coast Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2980 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2565 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 12245 | 2 }}
|-
|Squamish-Lillooet Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 0 | 435 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 400 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1415 | 2 }}
|-
|Powell River Subdivision D
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1055 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Powell River Subdivision B
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1480 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Powell River Subdivision A
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1100 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5260 | 2 }}
|-
|Powell River Subdivision C
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2000 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|}

=== Southern Interior ===
==== Okanagan & Similkameen ====
There has been an Indo-Canadian population in the [[Okanagan]] region, including [[Kelowna, British Columbia|Kelowna]].<ref name="Joyp12">Joy, ''[https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/23609/UBC_1982_A1%20J69.pdf?sequence=1 Accommodation and Cultural Persistence]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'', p. 1-2.</ref> The Okanagan Sikh community began at the turn of the 20th century and increased in size in the 1960s and 1970s. As of 1984 the Okanagan region had about 600 Sikh families.<ref name="JoyWorkEthp93">Joy, "Work and Ethnicity," p. 93.</ref> In 2006 Kelowna had 1,870 South Asian visible minority residents. That year, 1,985 persons indicated that they had South Asian ethnic origins.<ref>"[http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Kelowna.pdf Profile of Diversity in BC Communities 2006 Kelowna]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141024072920/http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Kelowna.pdf Archive]). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved on October 24, 2014.</ref> Indo-Canadian Sikhs in the Okanagan area had worked in the lumber industry.<ref name="Joyp12" />

As of the 1980s most of the population had originated from rural India, and almost all Okanagan male Sikhs had job experience in the area sawmills. As of the 1980s some Okanagan Sikhs had interacted with urban India prior to moving to Canada.<ref name="Koehnp8" /> Annamma Joy, in the 1975 PhD thesis ''Accommodation and Cultural Persistence: The Case of the Sikhs and Portuguese in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia'', a study of the Sikh population of the [[Okanagan]], surveyed 40 Sikhs and concluded that most Sikhs in the Okanagan originated from rural areas in Jullunder and Hoshiarpur; those who had attained university education had done so in other Punjabi towns.<ref>Joy, ''[https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/23609/UBC_1982_A1%20J69.pdf?sequence=1 Accommodation and Cultural Persistence]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'', p. 123 (PDF 139/389).</ref>

Sikh Indo-Canadian women worked as fruit pickers on farms and in the domestic sector, including kitchen workers and maids. As of the 1980s, within the Okanagan Valley male Sikh persons were more likely to have [[English as a second language|a command of English]] than female Sikhs, and 85% of the males stated that they were not comfortable using the English language.<ref name="Koehnp8" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ South Asian Canadians by [[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|subdivisions]] in the [[Okanagan]] and [[Similkameen Country|Similkameen]] (1986–2021)
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|Subdivision]]
! colspan="3" |Percentage
|-
![[2021 Canadian census|2021]]<ref name="Subdivisions2021" />
![[2016 Canadian census|2016]]<ref name="Subdivisions2016" />
![[Census in Canada|1986]]<ref name="population1986D" /><ref name="population1986E" />
|-
|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 330 | 2085 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 295 | 1860 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6595 | 2 }}
|-
|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision C
| {{Percentage | 570 | 3940 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 560 | 3500 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1815 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Cawston, British Columbia|Cawston]]
| {{Percentage | 140 | 1100 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 105 | 895 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 140 | 1230 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 110 | 1025 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 140 | 8970 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Oliver, British Columbia|Oliver]]
| {{Percentage | 465 | 4960 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 415 | 4685 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 1865 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Osoyoos]]
| {{Percentage | 305 | 5280 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 225 | 4860 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 2915 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kelowna]]
| {{Percentage | 6300 | 141760 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 3235 | 124140 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 405 | 60335 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Penticton]]
| {{Percentage | 1135 | 35725 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 920 | 32490 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 355 | 23255 | 2 }}
|-
|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision G
| {{Percentage | 70 | 2295 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 140 | 2230 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|North Okanagan Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 95 | 3185 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 3185 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 13355 | 2 }}
|-
|Central Okanagan Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 105 | 4245 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 105 | 3810 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 8420 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Vernon, British Columbia|Vernon]]
| {{Percentage | 1040 | 43110 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 730 | 38825 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 340 | 19705 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Princeton, British Columbia|Princeton]]
| {{Percentage | 65 | 2805 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 2760 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2860 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Summerland, British Columbia|Summerland]]
| {{Percentage | 235 | 11695 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 170 | 11095 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 7595 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Keremeos]]
| {{Percentage | 25 | 1455 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 65 | 1445 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 820 | 2 }}
|-
|[[West Kelowna]]
| {{Percentage | 590 | 35750 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 375 | 32070 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Coldstream, British Columbia|Coldstream]]
| {{Percentage | 125 | 10990 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 110 | 10485 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 6745 | 2 }}
|-
|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision D
| {{Percentage | 40 | 3975 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 5825 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision E
| {{Percentage | 20 | 2005 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 1890 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|North Okanagan Subdivision C
| {{Percentage | 40 | 4470 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 3825 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Armstrong, British Columbia|Armstrong]]
| {{Percentage | 45 | 5115 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 50 | 4925 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2565 | 2 }}
|-
|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision F
| {{Percentage | 15 | 2090 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2015 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision I
| {{Percentage | 15 | 2290 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Central Okanagan Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 15 | 2875 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 105 | 13480 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Peachland]]
| {{Percentage | 30 | 5765 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 5420 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3180 | 2 }}
|-
|North Okanagan Subdivision D
| {{Percentage | 15 | 2900 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 2640 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Enderby, British Columbia|Enderby]]
| {{Percentage | 15 | 2980 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2930 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1725 | 2 }}
|-
|Okanagan-Similkameen Subdivision H
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2170 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1895 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Spallumcheen]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5305 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 5100 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4420 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Lumby, British Columbia|Lumby]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2015 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1830 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1125 | 2 }}
|-
|North Okanagan Subdivision E
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1080 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1000 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|North Okanagan Subdivision F
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4355 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3990 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|North Okanagan Subdivision A
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3235 | 2 }}
|-
|}

==== Thompson-Nicola/Columbia-Shuswap ====
[[Kamloops]] in the [[Thompson-Nicola Regional District]] had 1,545 South Asian visible minorities in 2006. That year, 1,595 persons claimed South Asian origins.<ref>"[http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Kamloops.pdf Profile of Diversity in BC Communities 2006 Kamloops]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141024072923/http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Kamloops.pdf Archive]). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved on October 24, 2014.</ref>

[[Merritt, British Columbia|Merritt]] in the [[Nicola Valley]] has an Indo-Canadian population.<ref name="ConnellySetbacks">Connelly, Joel. "[http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/In-the-Northwest-Indo-Canadians-overcome-1173317.php In the Northwest: Indo-Canadians overcome setbacks to gain clout]." ''[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]''. Thursday May 12, 2005. Retrieved on November 3, 2014. "Sihota was a brash young Victoria lawyer who, in 1986, became the first Sikh and first Indo-Canadian elected to a provincial legislature in Canada."</ref> In 2006 it had 615 South Asian visible minorities and 545 persons claiming South Asian ethnic ancestry.<ref>"[http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Merritt.pdf Profile of Diversity in BC Communities 2006 Merritt]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141103055433/http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Merritt.pdf Archive]). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved on November 3, 2014.</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ South Asian Canadians by [[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|subdivisions]] in the [[Thompson-Nicola Regional District|Thompson-Nicola]] and [[Columbia-Shuswap Regional District|Columbia-Shuswap]] (1986–2021)
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|Subdivision]]
! colspan="3" |Percentage
|-
![[2021 Canadian census|2021]]<ref name="Subdivisions2021" />
![[2016 Canadian census|2016]]<ref name="Subdivisions2016" />
![[Census in Canada|1986]]<ref name="population1986D" /><ref name="population1986E" />
|-
|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 50 | 250 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 195 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 3360 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Merritt, British Columbia|Merritt]]
| {{Percentage | 375 | 6740 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 415 | 6880 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 815 | 6180 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Golden, British Columbia|Golden]]
| {{Percentage | 180 | 3900 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 125 | 3595 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 345 | 3520 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kamloops]]
| {{Percentage | 4260 | 94560 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 2585 | 87340 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 1510 | 61025 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Revelstoke, British Columbia|Revelstoke]]
| {{Percentage | 135 | 8185 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 75 | 7445 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 8215 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Salmon Arm]]
| {{Percentage | 205 | 18620 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 155 | 17035 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 11040 | 2 }}
|-
|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1545 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1470 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 305 | 7995 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Ashcroft, British Columbia|Ashcroft]]
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1615 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1520 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1745 | 2 }}
|-
|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision M
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1650 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 1585 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Columbia-Shuswap Subdivision D
| {{Percentage | 15 | 4365 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 4020 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Columbia-Shuswap Subdivision C
| {{Percentage | 25 | 8870 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7890 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 12505 | 2 }}
|-
|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision P
| {{Percentage | 10 | 4070 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3635 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision J
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1785 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 1570 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Columbia-Shuswap Subdivision F
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3165 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 2435 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision O
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1520 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1310 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Logan Lake]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2255 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1990 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 2115 | 2 }}
|-
|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision L
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3225 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2935 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Columbia-Shuswap Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3260 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3000 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 55 | 3070 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Lytton, British Columbia|Lytton]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 145 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 220 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 340 | 2 }}
|-
|Columbia-Shuswap Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 0 | 595 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 580 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 730 | 2 }}
|-
|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision E
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1085 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1005 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 2440 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Cache Creek, British Columbia|Cache Creek]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 940 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 995 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1175 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Chase, British Columbia|Chase]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2380 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2225 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1940 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Clinton, British Columbia|Clinton]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 620 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 630 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 840 | 2 }}
|-
|Columbia-Shuswap Subdivision E
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1375 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1165 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision I
| {{Percentage | 0 | 965 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1240 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision N
| {{Percentage | 0 | 690 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 760 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision D
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 2400 | 2 }}
|-
|Thompson-Nicola Subdivision C
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2740 | 2 }}
|-
|}

==== Kootenays ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ South Asian Canadians by [[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|subdivisions]] in the [[Kootenays]] (1986–2021)
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Census geographic units of Canada#Census subdivisions|Subdivision]]
! colspan="3" |Percentage
|-
![[2021 Canadian census|2021]]<ref name="Subdivisions2021" />
![[2016 Canadian census|2016]]<ref name="Subdivisions2016" />
![[Census in Canada|1986]]<ref name="population1986D" /><ref name="population1986E" />
|-
|[[Trail, British Columbia|Trail]]
| {{Percentage | 255 | 7600 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 7420 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 75 | 7595 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Castlegar, British Columbia|Castlegar]]
| {{Percentage | 270 | 8060 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 215 | 7780 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 6305 | 2 }}
|-
|East Kootenay Subdivision F
| {{Percentage | 115 | 3430 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2665 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Nelson, British Columbia|Nelson]]
| {{Percentage | 250 | 10725 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 95 | 10255 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 7990 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Grand Forks, British Columbia|Grand Forks]]
| {{Percentage | 85 | 3890 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 3825 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 3185 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Fernie, British Columbia|Fernie]]
| {{Percentage | 115 | 6180 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 5155 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 100 | 5130 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Cranbrook, British Columbia|Cranbrook]]
| {{Percentage | 365 | 19845 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 180 | 19560 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 95 | 15705 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Creston, British Columbia|Creston]]
| {{Percentage | 80 | 5370 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 5100 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 4000 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Rossland, British Columbia|Rossland]]
| {{Percentage | 40 | 4135 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 3720 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 3460 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Elkford]]
| {{Percentage | 25 | 2750 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 2500 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 230 | 3185 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Salmo, British Columbia|Salmo]]
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1130 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1130 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1075 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Warfield, British Columbia|Warfield]]
| {{Percentage | 15 | 1745 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1715 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1975 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Sparwood]]
| {{Percentage | 35 | 4150 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 80 | 3785 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 155 | 4540 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Invermere]]
| {{Percentage | 30 | 3795 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 3220 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1950 | 2 }}
|-
|Central Kootenay Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 30 | 4730 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 30 | 4645 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 12270 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kimberley, British Columbia|Kimberley]]
| {{Percentage | 45 | 7945 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 7240 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6655 | 2 }}
|-
|Central Kootenay Subdivision E
| {{Percentage | 20 | 3875 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 3750 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Central Kootenay Subdivision H
| {{Percentage | 20 | 4995 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 4605 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Central Kootenay Subdivision I
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2605 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 2530 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Kootenay Boundary Subdivision E
| {{Percentage | 10 | 2865 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2120 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Kootenay Boundary Subdivision D
| {{Percentage | 10 | 3215 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 3175 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Central Kootenay Subdivision F
| {{Percentage | 10 | 4110 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 35 | 3955 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|[[Silverton, British Columbia|Silverton]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 160 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 160 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 210 | 2 }}
|-
|East Kootenay Subdivision E
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1660 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 25 | 1745 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Central Kootenay Subdivision C
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1450 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1475 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 6520 | 2 }}
|-
|Central Kootenay Subdivision J
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3470 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 20 | 3115 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Central Kootenay Subdivision G
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1645 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1615 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Kootenay Boundary Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1610 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 1885 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 3880 | 2 }}
|-
|East Kootenay Subdivision C
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6445 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 5990 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3755 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Midway, British Columbia|Midway]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 660 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 630 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 50 | 630 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Montrose, British Columbia|Montrose]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1010 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 945 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 60 | 1080 | 2 }}
|-
|East Kootenay Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1940 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1935 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 55 | 4270 | 2 }}
|-
|Central Kootenay Subdivision A
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2185 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1885 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 50 | 7050 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Greenwood, British Columbia|Greenwood]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 760 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 635 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 815 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Fruitvale, British Columbia|Fruitvale]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1895 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1850 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 2030 | 2 }}
|-
|Kootenay Boundary Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1420 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1440 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 5350 | 2 }}
|-
|East Kootenay Subdivision B
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1845 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1880 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7120 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Kaslo]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1020 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 940 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 855 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Nakusp]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1545 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1630 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1375 | 2 }}
|-
|[[New Denver]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 475 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 435 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 650 | 2 }}
|-
|[[Slocan, British Columbia|Slocan]]
| {{Percentage | 0 | 305 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 245 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 260 | 2 }}
|-
|Central Kootenay Subdivision D
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1460 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1385 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Central Kootenay Subdivision K
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1770 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1595 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|East Kootenay Subdivision G
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1600 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1515 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|Kootenay Boundary Subdivision C
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1605 | 2 }}
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1310 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
|-
|}

=== Central Interior & North ===
As of 1997 the largest immigrant group arriving in [[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]], in the [[Fraser-Fort George Regional District]], are the Indo-Canadians.<ref name="RepQualityPG">"[http://web.unbc.ca/isre/1997/26.pdf The Indo-Canadian Community]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110409155412/http://web.unbc.ca/isre/1997/26.pdf Archive]). ''Report on the Quality of Life in [[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]]''. 1997. [[University of Northern British Columbia]]. p. 254 (PDF 3/17). Retrieved on October 19, 2014.</ref> In 2006, within Prince George, 1,785 persons were South Asian visible minorities and 1,880 persons claimed South Asian ethnic ancestry.<ref>"[http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Prince-George.pdf Profile of Diversity in BC Communities 2006 Prince George]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141024072916/http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Prince-George.pdf Archive]). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved on October 24, 2014.</ref> In 1997, 11.7% of the immigrants in Prince George were Indo-Canadians who had arrived in the years 1986–1991.<ref name="RepQualityPG" />

In the 1990s, [[Fort St. James]] had the highest proportion of South Asians of any municipality in Canada – at approximately 20%. The South Asian community of Fort St. James consisted mostly of Punjabis of the Sikh faith. The local Sikh temple was put for sale in 2012, as fewer than 50 South Asian residents remain in the community.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sikh Temple sale in limbo |url=https://www.caledoniacourier.com/news/sikh-temple-sale-in-limbo/ |website=Caledonia Courier |access-date=11 August 2020 |date=13 October 2012}}</ref>

[[Quesnel, British Columbia|Quesnel]] in the [[Cariboo Regional District]] has an Indo-Canadian population.<ref name="ConnellySetbacks" /> In 2006 it had 550 South Asian visible minorities and 575 persons claiming South Asian origins.<ref>"[http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Quesnel.pdf Profile of Diversity in BC Communities 2006 Quesnel]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141103055709/http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Quesnel.pdf Archive]). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved on November 3, 2014.</ref>

[[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert]], within the [[Skeena-Queen Charlotte Regional District]], had 535 South Asian visible minorities in 2006. That year, there were 550 people claiming South Asian origins in Prince Rupert.<ref>"[http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Prince-Rupert.pdf Profile of Diversity in BC Communities 2006 Prince Rupert]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141024074442/http://www.welcomebc.ca/welcome_bc/media/Media-Gallery/docs/diversity/2006/Prince-Rupert.pdf Archive]). Government of British Columbia. Retrieved on October 24, 2014.</ref> According to an account,{{which|date=October 2014}} the Prince Rupert Indo-Canadian community had about 30–40 adult males and about four extended families in the early 1970s.<ref name="NayarSikhSpacep48">Nayar, "The Making of Sikh Space," p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA48 48].</ref> Initially Prince Rupert did not have its own gurdwara.<ref name="NayarSikhSpacep47" /> The Indo-Canadian Association, established in 1972, bought a gurdwara facility for $38,000. The association, on June 16, 1974, was renamed the Indo-Canadian Sikh Association.<ref name="NayarSikhSpacep48" /> Nayar wrote that the Indo-Canadian population of [[Skeena Country]] prioritize economic success and employment, education, and English proficiency "in contrast to Punjabis in large urban centres" and that "Punjabis from the Skeena region generally dislike" the "Punjabi Bubble" that involves few interactions with non-Punjabis, awareness of intra-Punjab geography, and physical segregation from non-Punjabis.<ref>Nayar, ''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia]]'', p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA217 217].</ref> The Skeena Punjabis interact with both White Canadians and [[First Nations of Canada|First Nations]].<ref>Nayar, ''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia]]'', p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8ETZg0CYu40C&pg=PA266 266].</ref>

==Commerce==
{{expand section|date=October 2014}}
The initial Sikh Indo-Canadian population primarily worked in laborer trades, with about 75% of the total population working in the forestry industry as of 1967. Indo-Canadians worked in [[Okanagan Valley]] fruit farms and [[Fraser Valley]] dairy farms. Some Indo-Canadians also established retail operations and commercial fishing operations.<ref name="Koehnp8" />

Seasonal outdoor jobs such as field-hand work, road work, railway gang work, fruit picking, and clearing lots had a slightly higher pay compared to indoor work, and the focus was on making higher wages instead of stable and long term employment, so many of the very first Punjabis to come to British Columbia took these jobs. They transitioned into sawmill work because it had better pay.<ref name="NayarPunjabisp28" /> Many Indo-Canadians in the pre-1947 era had few choices for jobs, because South Asians until that year were unable to get the right of franchise,<ref name="SinghHirap96" /> or the right to vote in British Columbian provincial elections. Several jobs required having that right and therefore persons of Indian descent were not eligible to apply for them. Therefore jobs in the education and legal sectors were not available.<ref name="Koehnp5" /> In addition many private sector, municipal, and public service jobs were also barred from being held by East Indian persons.<ref name="SinghHirap96" /> Government contract work was unavailable for those of Indian descent.<ref name="Koehnp5" />

===Sawmill industry===
[[File:Sikh man standing near sawmill equipment and lumber, British Columbia, circa 1914 (INDOCC 1523).jpg|thumb|200px|Punjabi Sikh at a lumber mill, circa 1914]]
In British Columbia the agricultural and forestry sectors have significant numbers of Indo-Canadians.<ref name="Country Brief – Canada" /> Since the beginning of immigration from South Asia, Indo-Canadians in British Columbia, have been involved in the wood-related sectors.<ref name="AmesConflictp22" /> Punjabis were the majority ethnic group ethnic group within the sawmill workforce by 1907, as many [[English Canadian|Anglo Canadians]] had disinterest in being sawmill workers. Nayar wrote that "In effect, the Punjabi male immigrant living in British Columbia became equated with manual sawmill labour."<ref name="NayarPunjabisp28" /> The Punjabis were associated with sawmill work even though there were also East Asians in the sawmills.<ref name="NayarPunjabisp28" /> Some Punjabi sawmills and farms were leased by collective shares.<ref name="NayarPunjabisp2829">Nayar, ''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia]]'', p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA28 28]-[https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA29 29].</ref> Punjabi-owned sawmills became a places where Punjabis could get skilled labour, or alternatively, find employment.<ref name="NayarPunjabisp30">''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia]]'', p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA30 30].</ref> By 1923 Indo-Canadian-owned sawmills included the Bharat Lumber Company in Vancouver, the Virginia Lumber Company in [[Coombs, British Columbia|Coombs]], the Mayo Lumber Company and Tansor Lumber Company in [[Duncan, British Columbia|Duncan]], and the Eastern Lumber Company in [[Ladysmith, British Columbia|Ladysmith]].<ref name="Dasp2627">Das, p. [http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf 26–27] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150524084531/http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf Archive]). The names of the businesses are in section "6. Farmers and Businessmen" while the summary of Indo-Canadian sawmill work is in section "4. Mill Workers" on pages 26 and 27.</ref> By that year Indo-Canadians also worked in sawmills in Vancouver, [[Fraser Mills]], [[New Westminster]], and [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] that were owned by non-Indo-Canadians.<ref>Das, p. [http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf 26] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150524084531/http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/14265/5/Chapter1-8_1-76p.pdf Archive]).</ref>

===1960s through the modern era===
In the 1960s Punjabis continued to be a part of the sawmill business.<ref name="NayarPunjabisp28" /> As of 1973, very few Sikh women worked, so most of the employed were men. Most women who worked did so at government agencies since there was a belief private businesses would discriminate against them: the jobs women often held were clerical and office positions. Many men worked at logging camps and sawmills.<ref name="AmesConflictp22" />

As of circa 1987 about 9,600 farm workers in the [[Fraser Valley]]/[[Lower Mainland]] region were immigrants of Punjabi origin, making up 80% of that region's farm workers.<ref>Singh, Hira, p. [http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759474&qryID=7a5ddb5d-b341-42c0-a403-40619d79f0fe 93]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YTjlTrjg?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759474&qryID=601ba03b-a994-4a2d-a1dd-e22e98c0cf21 Archive]).</ref> By the 1970s these farm workers operated under a contracting system which involved the contractors transporting their charges and taking cuts from their charges' paychecks.<ref>Singh, Hira, p. [http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759480&qryID=3f4e4b0a-6d7a-4ac8-88d8-dbb9dac65b40 99] ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YVhtFddj?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759480&qryID=3f4e4b0a-6d7a-4ac8-88d8-dbb9dac65b40 Archive]).</ref> Illegal and legal immigrants often had little [[English as a second language|English fluency]] and knowledge of Canadian employment customs,<ref name="SinghHirap100">Singh, Hira, p. [http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759481&qryID=3f4e4b0a-6d7a-4ac8-88d8-dbb9dac65b40 100]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YVi9M8kA?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759481&qryID=55dc6420-cef4-4dd2-b97b-bc80d8a59b2e Archive]).</ref> and some of them were also illiterate.<ref>Singh, Hira, p. [http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759482&qryID=82ab9935-4130-45ba-b677-aa6b4fc6ca27 101]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YViFZFex?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759482&qryID=6f0a4527-6855-4319-95a7-8d74f41e2709 Archive]).</ref> The contractors themselves were also Punjabi East Indians. The nature of piece-rate work system, which pays by product instead of using a salary, made these workers dependent on contractors,<ref name="SinghHirap100" /> since they required the advance loans the contractors offer them, and they became dependent on these loans.<ref>Singh, Hira, p. [http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759481&qryID=3f4e4b0a-6d7a-4ac8-88d8-dbb9dac65b40 100]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YVi9M8kA?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759481&qryID=55dc6420-cef4-4dd2-b97b-bc80d8a59b2e Archive])-[http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759482&qryID=82ab9935-4130-45ba-b677-aa6b4fc6ca27 101]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YViFZFex?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759482&qryID=6f0a4527-6855-4319-95a7-8d74f41e2709 Archive]).</ref>

East Indian farm workers often discussed their issues with family and friends and at meetings at [[gurdwaras]], and this was a factor in establishing farm worker rights associations.<ref name="SinghHirap104">Singh, Hira, p. [http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759485&qryID=e605d577-aadc-4c12-bc18-a7d3d97c6ee3 104] ([https://archive.today/20240527083023/https://www.webcitation.org/6YW04ZCb2?url=http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx%3Fid%3D3759485%26amp;qryID%3De605d577-aadc-4c12-bc18-a7d3d97c6ee3 Archive]).</ref>

Canada's first Indo-Canadian owned travel agency was Bains International Travel Service, established in [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] by Kuldeep Singh Bains. Members of Bains's family established branch businesses in British Columbia. The original company closed around 2002, shortly after receiving an award for being open for 50 years.<ref name="VancouverDesiKuldeepSinghBains">"[http://www.vancouverdesi.com/featured-stories/in-the-1940s-kuldeep-singh-bains-was-instrumental-in-getting-indo-canadians-the-right-to-vote/ In the 1940s, Kuldeep Singh Bains was instrumental in getting Indo-Canadians the right to vote]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150724232850/http://www.vancouverdesi.com/featured-stories/in-the-1940s-kuldeep-singh-bains-was-instrumental-in-getting-indo-canadians-the-right-to-vote/ Archive]). ''[[Vancouver Desi]]''. May 26, 2015. Retrieved on June 3, 2015.</ref>

==Politics==
In 1924, British Columbia barred people of South Asian ancestry from voting as per the Provincial Elections Act.<ref name="bains">{{cite journal|last1=Bains|first1=Satwinder Kaur|last2=Sandhra|first2=Sharanjit Kaur|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=31h&AN=136683669&site=eds-live&scope=site|title=The Battle for the South Asian Right to the Vote|journal=[[British Columbia History]]|date=Spring 2019|volume=52|issue=1|page=20|via=[[EBSCOHost]] / [[Wikipedia Library]]}}</ref> This was overturned in 1947.<ref name="bains" />

Kuldeep Singh Bains, an Indo-Canadian in Victoria who originated from [[Mahilpur]], Punjab and moved to Canada in 1938, engaged in political activism in the 1940s and 1950s. Bains joined the International Woodworkers of America (IWA) and advocated for pay equality between Indo-Canadian and Caucasian sawmill workers. He advocated for the Indo-Canadian vote in the 1940s. One decade later he protested against immigration laws that did not favor Indo-Canadians in the early 1950s by contacting the [[Canadian Ministry of Immigration]].<ref name="VancouverDesiKuldeepSinghBains" />

In 1941 [[Naranjan Singh Grewall]] moved from Toronto to [[Mission City, British Columbia|Mission City]].<ref>"[http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/multiculturalism/asian/people.asp Notable Canadians of Asian heritage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229135233/http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/multiculturalism/asian/people.asp |date=2012-12-29 }}" (press the buttons until you get to Naranjan Singh Grewall's profile). [[Citizenship and Immigration Canada]]. Retrieved on October 23, 2014.</ref> Grewal was elected to the Board of Commissioners of the Corporation of the Village of Mission City in 1950 with a large percentage of the vote,<ref name="GrewalStreet">"[http://www.missionarchives.com/publicprog/StreetStories/Grewall.pdf Streets Stories: Grewall Street]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150111160145/http://www.missionarchives.com/publicprog/StreetStories/Grewall.pdf Archive]). Mission District Historical Society, Mission Community Archives website. Retrieved on March 16, 2015.</ref> thus becoming the first Indo-Canadian elected to political office in British Columbia and, it is believed, in all of North America.<ref name="Mahil" /> He was re-elected in 1952 and elevated by his fellow commissioners to Chairman of the Board of Commissioners of the village in 1954. A [[millwright]] and union official, and known as a sportsman and philanthropist as well as a lumberman, he eventually owned six sawmills and was active in community affairs serving on the boards or as chairman of a variety of organizations, and was instrumental in helping create Mission's municipal tree farm. A humanitarian with strong pro-labour beliefs despite his role as a mill-owner, he ran unsuccessfully for the [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]] (the precursor of today's [[New Democratic Party]]) in the [[1956 British Columbia general election|provincial election of 1956]]. He was shot to death on 12 July 1957 at the age of 48. Grewall Street in Mission was named in his honour.<ref name="GrewalStreet" />

Irene Bloemraad, author of "Diversity and Elected Officials in the City of Vancouver," wrote in 2009 that Indo-Canadians from British Columbia are demographically "over-represented" in the [[Canadian Parliament]] and that they had "made remarkable inroads to politics" in the period between 1999 and 2009.<ref name="Bloemraadp68" /> In 2013, the Canadian Parliament had three Indo-Canadian members from British Columbia, [[Nina Grewal]] ([[Fleetwood-Port Kells]], [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]]), [[Jinny Sims]] ([[Newton-North Delta]], [[New Democratic Party|NDP]]), and [[Jasbir Sandhu]] ([[Surrey North (federal electoral district)|Surrey North]], NDP).<ref>O'Neil, Peter. "[https://vancouversun.com/life/Indo+Canadian+denounce+Quebec+Sikh+headgear+soccer+matches/8516496/story.html B.C.'s Indo-Canadian MPs denounce Quebec ban on Sikh headgear in soccer matches]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20181116100219/http://www.vancouversun.com/life/Indo+Canadian+denounce+Quebec+Sikh+headgear+soccer+matches/8516496/story.html Archive]). ''[[Vancouver Sun]]''. June 12, 2013. Retrieved on October 20, 2014.</ref>

==Institutions==
The East Indian Canadian Citizens' Welfare Association (EICCWA), which politically represented Indo-Canadians of all religious backgrounds, was founded in the 1950s. It had absorbed some functions of the [[Khalsa Diwan Society]] (KDS).<ref name="AmesConflictp22" />

The East Indian Women's Association made recreational events open to the wider public. Those events included dinners and fashion shows.<ref name="AmesConflictp22" />

The [[Fraser Valley]] Indo-Canadian Business Association represents Indo-Canadian businesses in the Abbotsford area. It was established in 1987.<ref name="VaisaikhiLuncheon">"[http://www.abbynews.com/business/254770471.html Vaisakhi luncheon hosted by Fraser Valley Indo-Canadian Business Association]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160305113825/http://www.abbynews.com/business/254770471.html Archive]). ''[[The News (Abbotsford)|The News]]''. [[Black Press, Inc.]] April 11, 2014. Retrieved on April 17, 2015.</ref>

The India-Canada Cultural Association of Victoria (ICCA) is maintained by Victoria-based Indo-Canadians.<ref name="ReidTimesColonist" /> It was established in the early 1960s.<ref>"[http://www.iccavictoria.com/about-us/ About Us]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150418111650/http://www.iccavictoria.com/about-us/ Archive]). India-Canada Cultural Association of Victoria. Retrieved on April 18, 2015.</ref>

The Immigrant and Multicultural Services Society of [[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]], founded by Baljit Sethi, serves Indo-Canadian communities in the northern part of the province.<ref>"[http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/multiculturalism/asian/people.asp Notable Canadians of Asian heritage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229135233/http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/multiculturalism/asian/people.asp |date=2012-12-29 }}" (press the buttons until you get to Baljit Sethi's profile). [[Citizenship and Immigration Canada]]. Retrieved on October 23, 2014.</ref>

Punjabi farm workers in British Columbia were involved in the establishment of the Canadian Farmworkers' Union (CFU) and the Farm Workers' Organising Committee (FWOC).<ref name="SinghHirap104" />

As of circa 2015 the Abbotsford Police Department has an Indo-Canadian Teen Support Group and a Multicultural School Based Prevention crime preventing group focusing on Indo-Canadian students at Abbotsford schools. The department also offers a Punjabi-language "Parent of Teen Group" for Indo-Canadian parents. In addition the Abbotsford Addictions Centre, in conjunction with the police department, offers an Info-Canadian support group available in English, Punjabi, Hindi, and Urdu.<ref>"[http://www.abbypd.ca/files/File/CrimePrevention/ForIndividuals/Reference_Guide_for_Parents.pdf Reference Guide for Parents]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185524/http://www.abbypd.ca/files/File/CrimePrevention/ForIndividuals/Reference_Guide_for_Parents.pdf Archive]). Abbotsford Police Department. p. 3/50. Retrieved on April 17, 2015.</ref>

==Media==
{{expand section|date=May 2015}}
Indo-Canadian newspapers outside of the Vancouver area include ''The Canadian Sikh'', published in Victoria.<ref>"[http://db.lib.washington.edu/press/targetlist.htm Preliminary List of Target Newspapers]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150322045438/http://db.lib.washington.edu/press/targetlist.htm Archive]). [[University of Washington]]. Retrieved on May 19, 2015.</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Vaisakhi parade 2017 (33217388724).jpg|thumb|South Asians celebrating Vaisakhi. Vancouver, ([[Punjabi Market, Vancouver|Punjabi Market]]) 2017.]]
[[File:Vaisakhi fair mela in Surrey Canada.jpg|thumb|South Asians celebrating Vaisakhi. Surrey, 2012]]
Many British Columbian Punjabi Sikh families eat Indian cuisine, practice Sikhism, prioritize family, and speak Punjabi. Many Punjabi-Sikh parents in British Columbia try to pass on their cultural values to their children, and Ruby Rana and Sukkie Sihota, the authors of "Counselling in the Indo-Canadian Community: Challenges and Promises," wrote that in many cases, "A disconnect exists between the home culture and the dominant Western culture outside of the home."<ref>Rana, Ruby and Sukkie Sihota. "Counselling in the Indo-Canadian Community: Challenges and Promises" (Chapter 7). In: France, M. Honoré, María del Carmen Rodríguez, and Geoffrey G. Hett (editors). ''Diversity, Culture and Counselling: A Canadian Perspective''. Second Edition. [[Brush Education]], December 10, 2012. {{ISBN|1550594419}}, 9781550594416. Start: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=N6onkJfrvCoC&pg=PA114 114]. CITED: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=N6onkJfrvCoC&pg=PA121 121]. Source text is the segment that begins: "We use the following descriptions to illustrate the ideals of many, but not necessarily all, Punjabi-Sikh families as experienced in BC."</ref>

In regards to Sikh history in India and Sikhism, Rana and Sihota wrote, "Many Punjabi-Sikhs in BC have formed opinions and values on the basis of key religious and/or cultural traumas that took place in the history of India and the state of Punjab."<ref name="RanaSihotap118">Rana, Ruby and Sukkie Sihota. "Counselling in the Indo-Canadian Community: Challenges and Promises" (Chapter 7). In: France, M. Honoré, María del Carmen Rodríguez, and Geoffrey G. Hett (editors). ''Diversity, Culture and Counselling: A Canadian Perspective''. Second Edition. [[Brush Education]], December 10, 2012. {{ISBN|1550594419}}, 9781550594416. Start: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=N6onkJfrvCoC&pg=PA114 114]. CITED: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=N6onkJfrvCoC&pg=PA118 118].</ref>

Small town Sikhs in British Columbia tend to have a larger interaction with other ethnic groups, while urban Sikhs in Vancouver have less interaction.<ref>Nayar, ''[[The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver]]'', p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NShXfaNbRyEC&pg=PA201 201]: "In contrast to Sikhs in Vancouver, which has a large Sikh community,{{sic}} Sikhs in small towns throughout British Columbia interact far more with other communities."</ref>

The first Canadian official heritage site that has no French and English heritage is the [[Gur Sikh Temple]] in [[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford]],<ref>Murphy, Anne. ''The Materiality of the Past: History and Representation in Sikh Tradition''. [[Oxford University Press]], November 29, 2012. {{ISBN|0199916292}}, 9780199916290. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=r13hjYfoI6MC&pg=PA258 258].</ref> which had opened in 1911.<ref>Ashley, Susan. "A Museum of Our Own" (Chapter 9). In: Gourievidis, Laurence (editor). ''Museums and Migration: History, Memory and Politics'' (Museum Meanings). [[Routledge]], July 25, 2014. {{ISBN|1317684893}}, 9781317684893. Start: [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jh4WBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA153 153]. CITED: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jh4WBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA157 157].</ref>

===By generation===
In 1929 Perry wrote that Sikh men in Victoria were "almost without exception well and comfortably dressed, wearing modern Canadian clothes" with the only items that were unique being the [[bangle]] and [[turban]].<ref>Perry, p. 580.</ref>

The Indo-Canadians immigrating after 1947 had differing attitudes compared to those who immigrated before 1920: the former were more lenient in their practice of Sikhism compared to the latter and had more extensive relationships with and less hostility towards White (''gora'') Canadians.<ref>Srivastava, p. 376.</ref> The mid-to-late 20th century second wave of Indo-Canadian Sikh immigrants had tendencies to acquire material goods such as automobiles and residences and to engage in [[upward mobility]]. They believed that they could gain respect from others through ownership of assets.<ref name="Koehnp9">Koehn, p. 9.</ref>

By the 1960s a group of Canada-born people with a lack of fluency in Punjabi and a feeling of confusion between the two cultures had formed; they were shaped tremendously by exposure to Canadian mass media.<ref>Srivastava, p. 377.</ref> Ram P. Srivastava of the [[University of Calgary]] wrote that young Indo-Canadians of the 1960s had only limited control from their parents and were "closer to other teenagers in their love of music, adventure, romance, and excitement, than to their own traditional East Indian values."<ref>Srivastava, p. 385.</ref>

The cultural practices of the first generation of Indo-Canadian Sikhs, including traditional Sikh religion, [[arranged marriages]], and [[endogamy]], began to wither away with assimilation. The second wave of immigration revived these practices in British Columbia.<ref name="Koehnp9" /> Ames and Inglis stated in 1976 that the "Indianness" was reinforced by continuing immigration and contact between those in Canada and those in India.<ref name="AmesInglisTradp81">Ames and Inglis, "Tradition and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life," p. 81.</ref> They stated that despite many BC Sikhs not wishing to westernize nor assimilate into Canadian society, even though they wish to modernize, they "assimilate in ways that are quite unintended" since they are reacting to "a complex and unstable mixture of Canadian ''and'' Indian ideals that are both traditional and modern."<ref name="AmesInglisTradp81" />

In 1976 Ames and Inglis stated that the Canadian-born were small in number and did not have influence in the Indo-Canadian community, while those who immigrated after World War II had become the leadership of the Indo-Canadian community.<ref>Ames and Inglis, "Tradition and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life," p. 80.</ref>

Ames and Inglis also reported that, by 1976, inter-generational and inter-familial tensions regarding the changing role of women and women's liberation began to form.<ref>Ames and Inglis, "Tradition and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life," p. 89.</ref> They reported that highly educated women were less likely to stay in arranged marriages.<ref>Ames and Inglis, "Tradition and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life," p. 90.</ref>

===Family life===
In 1976 Ames and Inglis stated that since in British Columbia wages earned by persons were the standard of income, rather than land held by a family, it was no longer necessary to have joint households in which several relatives by male kinship, or ''agnates'', and their immediate families shared residences.<ref>Ames and Inglis, "Tradition and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life," p. 84.</ref>

{{Asof|1974}} parents and/or older relatives often arranged marriages for younger people living in British Columbia.<ref>Srivastava, p. 380.</ref> As of the 1960s arranged marriage matchmakers in British Columbia, unlike those in India, were required to have extensive networks of relatives and friends and have funds to travel between Canada and India.<ref>Srivastava, p. 380-381.</ref> Canadian-born men were generally paired with women born in India.<ref>Srivastava, p. 382-383.</ref> There were generally more marriages between Canadian-born girls and Indian-born boys than there were between pairs of Canadian-born persons.<ref>Srivastava, p. 383.</ref>

Ames and Inglis stated that land ownership was still a trait prized by British Columbia Sikhs; young men were expected to buy property with funds they accumulated over the years, and parents had a habit of giving houses to their newlywed children or allowing them to live in them rent-free.<ref>Ames and Inglis, "Tradition and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life," p. 85-86.</ref>

===Festivals===
{{expand section|date=April 2015}}
The Fraser Valley Indo-Canadian Business Association holds an annual [[Vaisakhi]] luncheon in Abbotsford.<ref name="VaisaikhiLuncheon" />

The India-Canada Cultural Association of Victoria holds the annual India Fest Mela.<ref name="ReidTimesColonist" /> It started around 2009 and includes Indian dancing, cuisine, jewelry and fashion.<ref>asingh. "[http://www.asianpacificpost.com/article/5679-victoria-host-indian-mela.html Victoria to host Indian Mela]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150418110621/http://www.asianpacificpost.com/article/5679-victoria-host-indian-mela.html Archive]). ''[[Asian Pacific Post]]''. Tuesday July 23, 2013. Retrieved on April 18, 2015.</ref>

==Research==
{{expand section|date=October 2014}}
In 1923 [[Walter de Gruyter]] of Germany published ''Hindustani Workers on the Pacific Coast'' by Rajani Kant Das. In 1976 Lal stated that the book was outdated due to new evidence and that it "focuses" its attention on the subject "in a rather general way", but that it was still "the most important single work on the East Indians."<ref>Lal, p. 3-4.</ref>

Archana B. Verma wrote ''The Making of Little Punjab in Canada'', which included a study of Sikhs living in [[Paldi, British Columbia|Paldi]].<ref>Nayar, ''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia]]'', p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8ETZg0CYu40C&pg=PA286 286].</ref>

==Notable residents==
* [[Harry Bains]], politician, former MLA for [[Surrey-Newton (provincial electoral district)|Surrey-Newton]].<ref name="MOIAp5">"[http://moia.gov.in/pdf/Canada.pdf Country Brief – Canada]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20130626020104/http://moia.gov.in/pdf/Canada.pdf Archive]). [[Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs]]. p. 5/7. Retrieved on October 21, 2014.</ref>
*[[Johnder Basran]], businessman and mayor of [[Lillooet]], first Indo-Canadian mayor in Canada
* [[Jagrup Brar]]<ref name="MOIAp5" />
* [[Gulzar Cheema]] (politician and physician)<ref name="UnivCollegep5">"[https://www.ufv.ca/media/assets/centre-for-indo-candian-studies/CICScase.pdf CENTRE FOR INDO-CANADIAN STUDIES AND RESEARCH at University College of the Fraser Valley]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141020040900/https://www.ufv.ca/media/assets/centre-for-indo-candian-studies/CICScase.pdf Archive]). [[University College of the Fraser Valley]]. p. 4 (PDF p. 5/14). Retrieved on October 20, 2014.</ref> – [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]]
* [[Raj Chouhan]]<ref name="MOIAp5" /> (Current [[Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia]] (2020–Present), MLA for ([[Burnaby-Edmonds]] 2005–Present)
* [[Herb Dhaliwal]]<ref name="MOIAp5" />
* [[Ujjal Dosanjh]] (politician and lawyer, served as [[Attorney General of British Columbia]])<ref name="UnivCollegep5" /> – Vancouver
* [[Gurmant Grewal]]<ref name="MOIAp5" />
* [[Sindi Hawkins]]<ref name="MOIAp5" />
* [[Tara Singh Hayer]] (journalist)
* [[Mobina Jaffer]] ([[Senate of Canada|Canadian Senator]])<ref name="UnivCollegep5" />
* [[Harry Lali]], politician, formerly MLA for [[Yale-Lillooet]]<ref name="MOIAp5" />
* [[Rob Nijjar]]<ref name="MOIAp6">"[http://moia.gov.in/pdf/Canada.pdf Country Brief – Canada]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20130626020104/http://moia.gov.in/pdf/Canada.pdf Archive]). [[Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs]]. p. 6/7. Retrieved on October 21, 2014.</ref>
* [[Wally Oppal]], judge, politician and chancellor of [[Thompson Rivers University]]<ref name="UnivCollegep5" />
* [[Inderjit Singh Reyat]] (convicted [[Air India Flight 182]] conspirator) – [[Duncan, British Columbia|Duncan]]<ref name="FormerDuncan" />
* [[Patty Sahota]]<ref name="MOIAp6" />
* [[Jaswinder Kaur Sidhu]] (honour killing victim)
* [[Moe Sihota]], politician and NDP executive; and first Indo-Canadian MLA elected in British Columbia and Canada.<ref name="MOIAp5" /> – [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]]<ref name="ConnellySetbacks" />

==See also==
{{Portal|Canada|India}}
* [[Demographics of British Columbia]]
* [[Indo-Canadians in Greater Vancouver]]
* [[Indo-Canadian organized crime]]
*[[Bangladeshi British Columbians]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
{{notelist}}
{{reflist|group=nb}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* Ames, Michael M. & Joy Inglis. 1974. "[http://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/download/789/832 Conflict and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150711204226/http://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/download/789/832 Archive]). In ''[[British Columbia Studies]]'', Vol. 20. Winter 1973–1974. pp. 15–49.
* Ames, Michael M. & Joy Inglis. 1976. "Tradition and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life". In ''The Canadian Family'', K. Ishwaran (ed.). Toronto: Hold, Reinhart and Winston of Canada. p. 77–91. This is a partially revised and abridged version of "Conflict and Change in British Columbia Sikh Family Life," written by Ames and Inglis.
* {{cite journal|last1=Bains|first1=Satwinder Kaur|last2=Sandhra|first2=Sharanjit Kaur|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=31h&AN=136683669&site=eds-live&scope=site|title=The Battle for the South Asian Right to the Vote|journal=[[British Columbia History]]|date=Spring 2019|volume=52|issue=1|pages=18–23|via=[[EBSCOHost]]/[[Wikipedia Library]]}}
* Das, Rajani Kant. ''[http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/handle/10689/14265 Hindustani Workers on the Pacific Coast]''. [[W.de Gruyter & Co.]] ([[Berlin]]), 1923.
* Joy, Annamma. ''[https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/23609/UBC_1982_A1%20J69.pdf?sequence=1 Accommodation and Cultural Persistence: The Case of the Sikhs and Portuguese in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia]'' (Ph.D. thesis) ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041115/https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/23609/UBC_1982_A1%20J69.pdf?sequence%3D1 Archive]). [[University of British Columbia]] (UBC). 1982. [https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/23609 See record at] UBC.
* Joy, Annamma. 1984. "Work and Ethnicity: The Case of the Sikhs in Okanagan Valley in British Columbia". In ''[[South Asian in the Canadian Mosaic]]'', Rabindra Kanungo (ed.). Montreal: Kala Bharati.
* Koehn, Sharon Denise. 1993. ''Negotiating New Lives and New Lands: Elderly Punjabi Women in British Columbia'' (M.A. thesis), University of Victoria, Victoria. – [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/35299212_Negotiating_new_lives_and_new_lands_microform__elderly_Punjabi_women_in_British_Columbia_ See info at] [[ResearchGate]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=kS7aSgAACAAJ see profile at] [[Google Books]].
* Lal, Brij. 1976. ''[https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/831/items/1.0093725 East Indians in British Columbia, 1904 – 1914: An Historical Study in Growth and Integration]'' (M.A. thesis) ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150602111737/http://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/19965/UBC_1976_A8%20L34.pdf?sequence=1 Archive]), [[University of British Columbia]], Vancouver. – [http://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/19965 See profile at] UBC.
* Nayar, Kamala Elizabeth. ''[[The Punjabis in British Columbia: Location, Labour, First Nations, and Multiculturalism]]'' (Volume 31 of McGill-Queen's studies in ethnic history). [[McGill-Queen's Press]] (MQUP), October 1, 2012. {{ISBN|0773588000}}, 9780773588004.
* Nayar, Kamala Elizabeth. ''[[The Sikh Diaspora in Vancouver: Three Generations Amid Tradition, Modernity, and Multiculturalism]]''. [[University of Toronto Press]], 2004. {{ISBN|0802086314}}, 9780802086310.
* Nayar, Kamala Elizabeth. "The Making of Sikh Space: The Role of the Gurdwara" (Chapter 2). In: DeVries, Larry, Don Baker, and Dan Overmyer. ''Asian Religions in British Columbia'' (Asian Religions and Society Series). [[UBC Press]], January 1, 2011. {{ISBN|0774859423}}, 9780774859424. Start: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA43 43].
* Perry, Martha E. 1929. "The Sikhs in British Columbia". In ''[[United Empire]]'', Vol. 20: 10. p. 577–581.
* Singh, Hira. "[http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759468&qryID=c4782f1e-0e4c-412b-b1c9-57c0186046e9 The Political Economy of Immigrant Farm Labour: a Study of East Indian Farm Workers in British Columbia]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}." In: ''[http://nosracines.ca/toc.aspx?id=9196&qryID=7a5ddb5d-b341-42c0-a403-40619d79f0fe The South Asian diaspora in Canada : six essays]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. [[Multicultural History Society of Ontario]] (Toronto, Ontario), 1987. Start p. [http://nosracines.ca/page.aspx?id=3759468&qryID=c4782f1e-0e4c-412b-b1c9-57c0186046e9 87]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. The papers were originally presented in 1983, at a conference held by the [[University of Toronto]].
* Srivastava, Ram P. ([[University of Calgary]]). "Family Organization and Change among the East Indians of British Columbia, Canada." In: Kurian, A. (editor). ''Family in India: A Regional View''. 1974 (The Hague). p. 369–391.

== Further reading ==
* Archie, Trudy & Sherry Edmunds-Flett. 1999. The History of Sikh-Canadians in British Columbia: Fundamental Reading and Writing Exercises. Abbotsford, BC: UCFV.
* Bains, Nina. 1974. A Brief Study of East Indian (Sikh) Community of Victoria. B.A. Hons. thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
* Bolarian, B. Singh & G. S. Basran. 1985. Sikhs in Canada: History of Sikhs in British Columbia- A Research Report. Saskatoon: University of Saskatchewan.
* Button, R. A. 1964. Sikh Settlement in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia. B.A. thesis, Geography Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
* Hans, Raj Kumar. 2003. "Gurdwara as a Cultural Site of Punjabi Community in British Columbia, 1905 – 1965." In ''Fractured Identity: The Indian Diaspora in Canada'', Sushma J. Varma & Radhika Seshan (eds.). Jaipur: Rawat Publications.
* Inglis, Joy and Michael M. Ames. "Conflict and Change in B.C. Sikh ideals of family life." (1967). – Paper presented to the 1967 annual meeting of the [[Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association]].
* Joy, Annamma & Verne A. Dusenbery. 1980. ''Being Sikh in British Columbia: Changing Definitions of Self and Others''. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Asian Studies Association.
* Kumar, Hans Raj. 1998. "Punjab Press and Immigrant Culture in British Columbia between Wars". In ''[[Economic & Political Weekly]]'', Vol. 33:16.
* Lowes, George H. 1963. ''The Sikhs of British Columbia'' (Ph.D. thesis), [[University of British Columbia]], Vancouver.
* Lowes, G. H. 1952 "The Sikhs of British Columbia" (Honors Essay) – University of British Columbia Honors Essay, available on microfilm.
* MacInnes (1927). ''Oriental Occupation of British Columbia'' (Vancouver).
* Paranjpe, A. C. 1986. "Identity Issues among Immigrations: Reflections on the Experiences of Indo-Canadians in British Columbia". In Tradition and Transformation: Asian Indians in America, Richard Harvey Brown & George C. Coelho (eds.). Williamsburg, Va: [[College of William and Mary]] [[Studies in Third World Societies]] (38).
* Sandhu, Karnail Singh. 1972. "Indian Immigration and Racial Prejudice in British Columbia". In ''Peoples of the Living Land: Geography of Cultural Diversity in British Columbia'', Julian V. Minghi (ed.). Vancouver: Tantalus.
* Sandhu, Teresa Jane. 1983. ''Social Distance and the Pidginized Speech of Punjab Women in British Columbia'' (M.A. thesis), University of Victoria. Also in ''Resources for Feminist Studies'', Vol. 13:3, 1984. – [https://books.google.com/books?id=jJHUngEACAAJ See profile at] [[Google Books]].
* Shroff, Rani. 1978. ''East Indians in British Columbia'' (M.A. thesis), [[University of British Columbia]], Vancouver. – [https://books.google.com/books?id=Et39SAAACAAJ See profile at] [[Google Books]]
* Verma, Archana B. 1994. ''[http://summit.sfu.ca/system/files/iritems1/6539/b16962825.pdf Status and Migration among the Punjabis of Paldi, British Columbia and Paldi, Punjab]'' (Ph.D. thesis) ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141020024302/http://summit.sfu.ca/system/files/iritems1/6539/b16962825.pdf Archive]), [[Simon Fraser University]]. [http://summit.sfu.ca/item/6539 See profile at] Simon Fraser University.
* Verma, Archana B. ''The making of Little Punjab in Canada: patterns of immigration''. [[SAGE Publications]], May 1, 2002. {{ISBN|0761995994}}, 9780761995999. [https://books.google.com/books?id=PPAUAAAAYAAJ&q=The+Making+of+Little+Punjab+in+Canada See Snippet view at] [[Google Books]].
* Walton-Roberts, Margaret. 2001. ''[http://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/13825/ubc_2001-715523.pdf?sequence=1 Embodied Global Flows: Immigration and Transnational Networks between British Columbia, Canada, and Punjab, India]'' (Ph.D. thesis) ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160205002355/http://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/13825/ubc_2001-715523.pdf?sequence%3D1 Archive]), [[University of British Columbia]]. [http://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/13825 Profile at] UBC.
* Wilson, J. Donald & Dahlie Jorgen. 1975. "Negroes, Finn, Sikhs: Education and Community Experience in British Columbia". In ''Sounds Canadians: Language and Cultures in a Multi-ethnic Society'', Paul Migus (ed.). Toronto: P. Martin Assoc.

== External links ==
* [https://www.sfu.ca/aq/issues/november2008/features/indo-canadian-collection.html Indo-Canadian Collection] – [[Simon Fraser University]]
** [http://content.lib.sfu.ca/cdm/search/collection/icohc Indo-Canadian Oral History Collection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521012129/http://content.lib.sfu.ca/cdm/search/collection/icohc |date=2015-05-21 }} – SFU
* ''[http://vicindocanadian.com/ Victoria Indo-Canadian Messenger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025071010/http://vicindocanadian.com/ |date=2014-10-25 }}''
* [http://www.iccavictoria.com/ India Canada Cultural Association] (Victoria)
* [http://www.i-cba.com/ Indo-Canadian Business Association]
* [http://www.icfsbc.com/ Indo-Canadian Friendship Society of British Columbia] (ICFSBC)
* [http://www.sababc.com/ South Asian Bar Association of British Columbia]
{{Indian diaspora}}

[[Category:Asian-Canadian culture in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Indo-Canadian culture| ]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in British Columbia]]

Ishani (TV series)

2026-04-01T15:15:25Z

Saileshchauhan: started a details from scratch

{{Short description|2025 Indian drama television series}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| creator = [[Leena Gangopadhyay]]
| genre = {{ubl|[[Romance film|Romance]]| [[Drama]]}}
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| director =
| creative_director =
| starring =
{{Plainlist|
* [[Megha Chakraborty]]
* [[Karam Rajpal]]
* [[Richa Rathore]]
* [[Aasiya Kazi]]
* [[Shresth Kumar]]
}}
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| open_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 114
| executive_producer =
| producer = [[Leena Gangopadhyay]]
| editor =
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 20 minutes
| company = [[Magic Moments Motion Pictures]]
| network = [[StarPlus]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|07|3|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2025|10|28|df=y}}
| related =
}}
'''''Ishani''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language television drama series that aired from 3 July to 28 October 2025 on [[StarPlus]] and streams digitally on [[JioHotstar]]. A spin-off of ''[[Jhanak]]'', It was produced by [[Leena Gangopadhyay]] under [[Magic Moments Motion Pictures]], and stars [[Megha Chakraborty]], [[Karam Rajpal]] and [[Richa Rathore]].

==Plot==
{{expand section|date=November 2025}}
{{More plot|date=November 2025}}
Ishani is now married to a man, named Shashwat Sengupta, who already has children, named Pihu and Yash. But even in her new home, happiness remains elusive. Ishani's in-laws and her husband, Shashwat mistreat her for no clear reason at all, and she continues to live under the weight of judgment and isolation. Despite everything, Ishani finds support in an unexpected place, her step-daughter, Pihu.

Encouraged, by Pihu's belief in Ishani, she decides to reclaim her life. She takes a bold step and resumes her education, hoping to finally realize the dreams of becoming an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer that, she had once buried. But life throws another twist her way, when she enrolls in a college and comes face to face, with her past, her ex-boyfriend, Anurag, who is now a college professor at the same institution that, Ishani has enrolled in.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Megha Chakraborty]] as Ishani Sengupta: An inspired [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]; Anurag's ex-girlfriend and love interest; Shashwat's estranged widow and enemy; Pihu's step-mother; Yash's estranged adopted step-mother (2025)
*[[Karam Rajpal]] as Anurag Banarjee: An honest college professor; Ishani's ex-boyfriend and love interest; Shashwat's enemy (2025)

===Recurring===
*[[Richa Rathore]] as Pihu Sengupta: Shashwat's estranged daughter; Ishani's step-daughter; Yash's estranged adopted sister; Prabhakar's granddaughter; Anurag's former one-sided obsessive love interest; Siddharth's wife (2025)
*Pankaj Bijlani as Dr. Siddharth: A honest doctor; Pihu's husband (2025)
*Akshat Jain as Brijesh Singh (2025)
*Anupam Bhattacharya as Shashwat Sengupta: A dishonest businessman; Prabhakar's son; Anjali and Shouvik's brother; Ishani's estranged late abusive husband and enemy; Nandini's brother-in-law, former business partner, ex-lover and enemy; Pihu's estranged father; Yash's adopted father; Anurag's enemy (2025)
*[[Aasiya Kazi]] as Nandini Mitra Sengupta: An honest businesswoman; Shouvik's widow; Shashwat's sister-in-law, former business partner, ex-lover and enemy; Ishani and Pihu's enemy (2025)
*Tanmay Nagar as Yash Sengupta: Shashwat's adopted son; Ishani's estranged adopted step-son; Pihu's estranged adopted brother; Ankita's husband (2025)
*Sneha Bhawsar as Ankita Ghosh Sengupta: Yash's wife (2025)
*[[Shresth Kumar]] as Jeet: Ishani's enemy and rapist (2025)
*Riya Bhattacharjee as Radhika (2025)
*Unknown as Advocate Abhishek: An honest lawyer; Ishani's friend (2025)
*Unknown as Anjali Sengupta: Prabhakar's daughter; Shashwat and Shouvik's sister; Pihu's aunt; Yash's adopted aunt; Ishani's enemy (2025)

==Production==
===Casting===
[[Megha Chakraborty]] was signed in to play Ishani.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sehgal|first=Chirag|date=5 July 2025|title=After Jhanak, Megha Chakraborty Is The Face Of Ishani
|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/after-jhanak-megha-chakraborty-is-the-face-of-ishani-ws-l-aa-9422840.html|access-date=23 October 2025|work=[[News18]]|language=en}}</ref> [[Aasiya Kazi]] was cast as Nandini and this series marks Kazi's return to television after a 2-year hiatus.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Maheshwari|first=Neha|date=26 April 2025|title=Aasiya Kazi returns to TV after two years with Ishani
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/aasiya-kazi-returns-to-tv-after-two-years-with-ishani/articleshow/122437601.cms|access-date=23 October 2025|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref> Anupam Bhattacharya were roped in to play Shashwat.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nemane|first=Sanskruti|date=13 July 2025|title=Anupam Bhattacharya talks about his role in Ishani [Exclusive]
|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/tv/jhanak-2-anupam-bhattacharya-reacts-to-rumours-of-show-going-off-air-talks-about-his-role-in-ishani-exclusive-3207114/|access-date=23 October 2025|work=[[Bollywood Life]]|language=en}}</ref> Tanmay Nagar joined the cast for playing Yash.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=10 June 2025|title=Exclusive- After Pushpa Impossible, Tanmay Nagar joins the cast of Jhanak; shares 'I am playing the character of Yash who is Ishani's son'
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-after-pushpa-impossible-tanmay-nagar-joins-the-cast-of-jhanak-shares-i-am-playing-the-character-of-yash-who-is-ishanis-son/articleshow/121751375.cms|access-date=23 October 2025|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref>

The show went off air on 28th October 2025 due to low trp response.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Domestic violence in television]]

Kala namak

2026-04-01T13:01:52Z

Saileshchauhan: started first data w/ refs

{{short description|Kiln-fired rock salt from South Asia}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Black salt
| alternate_name = Kala namak
| image = Black Salt (crystals).jpg
| caption = Large pieces of Kala Namak
| region = South Asia, Himalayan regions
}}

'''''Kala namak''''' ({{langx|hi|काला नमक}}, {{langx|ur|کالا نمک}}, {{lit|black salt}}) is a kiln-fired [[Halite|rock salt]] with a sulphurous, pungent smell used mainly in the countries of [[South Asia]]. It is also known as "Himalayan black salt", ''bit noon'', ''bire noon'', ''bit loona'', ''bit lobon'', ''kala loon'', ''sanchal'', ''kala meeth'', ''guma loon'', or ''pada loon'', and is manufactured from the salts mined in the regions surrounding the Himalayas.

The condiment is composed largely of crystalline [[sodium chloride]] heated with charcoal and several other herbal components lending the salt its color and smell. The smell is mainly due to its sulphur content; the salt is heated in presence of many herbal components and also contains [[greigite]] {{chem2|(Fe3S4}}, [[Iron(II,III) sulfide|Iron(II,III) sulphide]]). When whole, the salt is brown and black. When ground into a powder, its color may range from pink to black-brown to dark black.

Kala namak has been praised in herbal science and used for its perceived medical qualities.<ref name=MLachu/><ref name=foods>{{citation|title=1001 Foods You Must Eat Before You Die|last=Case|first=Frances|publisher=Cassell Illustrated|isbn=978-1-84403-612-7|date=6 June 2008|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/1001foodsyoumust0000sutc}}</ref>

==Production==
The raw material for producing kala namak was originally manufactured from natural [[halite]] from mines in Northern [[India]] in certain locations of the [[Himalayas]],<ref name=mb>{{citation |title=Salted:A Manifesto on the World's Most Essential Mineral, with Recipes |first=Mark |last=Bitterman |publisher=Random House of Canada |year=2010 |pages=166–167}}</ref><ref name=birb>{{citation |publisher=Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR) |date=2003-08-25 |title=Vorkommen von Schwefelwasserstoff in "Schwarzsalz"|url=http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/208/vorkommen_von_schwefelwasserstoff_in_schwarzsalz.pdf}}</ref> salt manufactured from the North Indian salt lakes of [[Sambhar Salt Lake|Sambhar]] or [[Didwana]].<ref name=DC>{{citation |first=D |last=Chandrashekhar |title=Maqsood Mohammad vs The State Of Uttar Pradesh And Anr. on 22 February 1977 |publisher=Allahabad High Court |date=1977-02-22 |url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/41243/}}</ref>

Traditionally, the salt was transformed from its relatively colorless raw natural forms into the dark-colored commercially sold kala namak through a [[Redox|reductive]] chemical process that transforms some of the naturally occurring [[sodium sulphate]] of the raw salt into pungent [[hydrogen sulphide]] and [[sodium sulphide]].<ref name=SC>{{citation |first=S |last=Chandra |title=Commissioner, Sales Tax vs Balwant Singh Jag Roshan Lal on 18 February 1970 |publisher=Allahabad High Court |date=1970-02-18 |url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1542863/}}</ref> This involves firing the raw salts in a kiln or furnace for 24 hours while sealed in a ceramic jar with [[charcoal]] along with small quantities of [[Terminalia chebula|harad seeds]], [[Phyllanthus emblica|amla]], [[Terminalia bellirica|bahera]], [[Vachellia nilotica|babul bark]], or [[natron]].<ref name=DC/><ref name=SC/> The fired salt melts, the chemical reaction occurs, and the salt is then cooled, stored, and aged prior to sale.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/SXD8j30MG08 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200519145913/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXD8j30MG08&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Citation|last=Sher Ali Tiwana|title=How black salt is made on big scale|date=2016-12-05|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXD8j30MG08|access-date=2019-02-12}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name=mb /> Kala namak is prepared in this manner in northern India with production concentrated in [[Hisar (district)|Hisar district]], [[Haryana]].<ref name=SC/> The salt-crystals appear black and are usually ground to a fine powder that is purple.

Although kala namak may have traditionally been chemically produced from impure deposits of salt (sodium chloride) with the required chemicals (small quantities of [[sodium sulphate]], [[sodium bisulphate]], and [[ferric sulphate]]) and charcoal in a furnace it is now common to simply add the required chemicals to pure salt before firing. Reportedly, it is also possible to create similar products through reductive heat treatment of salt, 5-10% of [[sodium carbonate]], sodium sulphate, and some [[sugar]].<ref name=SC/>

==Composition==
Kala namak consists primarily of [[sodium chloride]], with trace impurities of [[sodium sulphate]],<ref name=folk>{{citation|doi=10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00039-8|first=ZA |last=Ali |title=Folk veterinary medicine in Moradabad District (Uttar Pradesh), India |journal=Fitoterapia |volume=70 |issue=4 |date=August 1999 |pages=340–347}}</ref><ref name=elephants>{{citation |first1=Nalini |last1=Sadhale |first2=YL |last2=Nene |title=On Elephants in Manasollasa – 2. Diseases and Treatment |journal=Asian Agri-History |volume=8 |issue=2 |year=2004 |pages=115–127}}</ref> [[sodium bisulphate]], [[sodium bisulphite]], [[sodium sulphide]], [[iron sulphide]], and [[hydrogen sulphide]].

Sodium chloride provides kala namak with its salty taste, iron sulphide provides its dark violet hue, and all the sulphur compounds give kala namak its slight savory taste as well as a highly-distinctive smell, with hydrogen sulphide being the most prominent contributor to the smell. The acidic bisulphates/bisulphites contribute a mildly sour taste.<ref name="birb"/> Although hydrogen sulphide is toxic in high concentrations, the amount present in kala namak used in food is small and thus its effects on health are negligible.<ref name=birb/>

==Uses==
[[Image:Black salt.jpg|thumb|Powdered kala namak]]
Kala namak is used extensively in [[South Asian cuisine]]s of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal as a condiment or added to [[chaat]]s, [[chutney]]s, salads, fruit, [[raita]]s, and many other savory snacks. [[Chaat masala]], a South Asian spice blend, is dependent upon black salt for its characteristic sulphurous egg-like aroma. Those who are not accustomed to black salt may describe the smell as resembling [[flatulence]].<ref name=MLachu>{{citation |title=Ajanta: Regional feast of India| last= Moorjani |first=Lachu |publisher=Gibbs Smith |isbn=978-1-58685-777-6|year=2005 |page=22}}</ref> Black salt is sometimes used sparingly as a topping for fruits or snacks in North India and Pakistan.

Kala namak is sometimes applied to tofu in vegan egg recipes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aujla|first=Rupy|title=Tofu scramble recipe|date=19 June 2023 |url=https://www.elephantasticvegan.com/kala-namak/}}</ref>

Kala namak is considered a cooling spice in [[Ayurveda]] and is used as a [[laxative]] and digestive aid.<ref name=mb/><ref name=folk/><ref name=elephants/><ref name=jamma/> It is also been noted to relieve [[flatulence]] and [[heartburn]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 29, 2022 |title=Health Benefits of Black Salt |url=https://www.webmd.com/diet/health-benefits-black-salt#:~:text=Black%20salt%20stimulates%20bile%20production,and%20limit%20bloating%20and%20flatulence. |access-date=March 24, 2022 |website=WebMD}}</ref> It is used in [[Jammu]] to cure [[goitre|goiter]]s.<ref name=jamma>{{citation |first1=Hemla |last1=Aggarwal |first2=Nidhi |last2=Kotwal |title=Foods Used as Ethno-medicine in Jammu |journal=Studies on Ethno-Medicine |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=65–68 |year=2009|doi=10.1080/09735070.2009.11886340 |s2cid=56232276 }}</ref> This salt is also used to treat [[hysteria]] and for making toothpastes by combining it with other mineral and plant ingredients.<ref name=mb/> The uses for goiter and hysteria are dubious. Goiter, due to dietary iodine deficiency, would not be remedied unless iodide was present in the natural salt. In the United States, the [[Food and Drug Administration]] [[FDA warning letter|warned]] a manufacturer of [[dietary supplement]]s, including one consisting of Himalayan salt, to discontinue marketing the products using unproven [[health claim|claims]] of health benefits.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations Herbs of Light, Inc.|date= June 18, 2013 |url=https://www.fda.gov/iceci/enforcementactions/warningletters/2013/ucm359315.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714081712/http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/2013/ucm359315.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 July 2013 |publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) |access-date=July 7, 2018}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Black lava salt]]
*[[Himalayan salt]]
*[[Jugyeom]]
*[[Thursday salt]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Condiments}}
{{Salt topics}}

{{portal bar|Food}}

[[Category:Edible salt]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic medicaments]]
[[Category:Indian spices]]
[[Category:Spices]]
[[Category:Salt industry in India]]
[[Category:Pakistani spices]]
[[Category:Salt industry in Pakistan]]

Alluri Sitharama Raju district

2026-03-16T17:42:27Z

Saileshchauhan:

{{Short description|New district in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Alluri Sitharama Raju district
| other_name = Alluri district, ASR district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Andhra Pradesh|District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Lambasinghi on a cloudy day.jpg
|photo1b = Entrance to Borra caves from above 01.jpg
|photo2a = Coffee plantation in Araku Valley 02.jpg
|photo2b = Chintapalle Waterfalls.jpg
}}
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Clockwise from T
top left: Eastern Ghats at [[Lambasingi]], [[Borra Caves]], [[Chintapalle, Visakhapatnam district|Chintapalle]] Falls, Coffee plantations at [[Araku Valley]]
| image_map = Alluri Sitharama Raju in Andhra Pradesh (India).svg
| map_caption = Location of Alluri district in Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|18.08|82.67|display=title,inline}}
| year_start = 
| established_title = First formed
| established_date = 4 April 2022
| established_date2 = 31 December 2025 ([[Polavaram district]])
| established_title2 = Reorganized
| founder = [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Paderu]]
| population_total = 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of Andhra Pradesh.svg}} [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[North Andhra|Uttara Andhra]]
| parts_type = Administrative divisions
| parts = {{bulleted list|
| [[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|1 revenue divisions]]
| [[List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh|11 mandals]]
}}
| leader_title = [[District magistrate (India)|District collector and magistrate]]
| leader_name = A.S. Dinesh Kumar {{small|IAS}}
| leader_title1 = [[Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name1 = Amit Bardar {{small|IPS}}
| leader_title2 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 01 constituency
| leader_title3 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Assembly constituencies]]
| leader_name3 = [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|2 constituencies]]
| area_total_km2 = 
| population_footnotes = <ref name="demographics"/>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| utc_offset = +05:30
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| named_for = [[Alluri Sitarama Raju]]
| website = {{URL|https://allurisitharamaraju.ap.gov.in/}}
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 7
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
}}

'''Alluri Sitharama Raju district''', also known as '''Alluri district'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh government may bifurcate newly-formed Alluri Sitarama Raju district |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2022/apr/06/andhra-pradeshgovernmentmay-bifurcate-newly-formed-alluri-sitarama-raju-district-2438567.html |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> and by its initials as '''ASR district''',<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2022 |title=Coastal Andhra Pradesh to witness intense heatwave during next three days; mercury may touch 47°C |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/coastal-andhra-pradesh-to-witness-intense-heatwave-during-next-three-days-mercury-may-touch-47c/article65488135.ece |access-date=3 June 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> is a district in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The headquarters of the district is located at [[Paderu]]. Named after [[Alluri Sitarama Raju]], a revolutionary in the [[Indian independence movement]] who hailed from the region. The district is known for its scenery and lies in the [[Eastern Ghats]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apparasu |first=Srinivasa Rao |date=3 January 2023 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Hamlet nestled in Eastern Ghats a popular winter getaway |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/andhra-pradesh-hamlet-nestled-in-eastern-ghats-a-popular-winter-getaway-101672685841015.html |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopal |first=B. Madhu |date=17 October 2022 |title=Andhra Pradesh: As winter nears, Lambasingi beckons tourists |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/as-winter-nears-lambasingi-beckons-tourists/article66022076.ece |access-date=26 September 2024 |work=The Hindu |language= |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[[File:Alluri Sita Rama Raju statue.jpg|thumb|A statue of [[Alluri Sitarama Raju]]|left]]

This district is named after [[Alluri Sitarama Raju]], a revolutionary in the Indian independence movement who came from the region.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=8 August 2021 |title=Call to draw inspiration from Alluri |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/call-to-draw-inspiration-from-alluri/article35806018.ece |access-date=26 September 2024 |work=The Hindu |language= |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=G. Janardhana |date=4 April 2022 |title=Andhra district named after Alluri, his memorials in neglect |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2022/Apr/04/andhra-district-named-after-alluri-his-memorials-in-neglect-2437679.html |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=The New Indian Express |language=}}</ref>

== History ==
In July 2019, on the occasion of Alluri Sitarama Raju's 122nd birth anniversary, state Tourism Minister [[Muttamsetti Srinivasa Rao|Avanthi Srinivasa Rao]] said a newly formed district would be named after Alluri Sitarama Raju.<ref name="nee1">{{cite web |date=5 July 2019 |title=New district will be named after Alluri: Minister |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2019/jul/05/new-district-will-be-named-after-alluri-minister-1999664.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028054433/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2019/jul/05/new-district-will-be-named-after-alluri-minister-1999664.html |archive-date=28 October 2019 |access-date=26 January 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
The district was proposed on 26 January 2022 by the [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]'s government as part of a reorganisation of all the existing 13 districts in the state to form 26 districts in total. Final notification was issued by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] on 3 April 2022 and the district was effective from 4 April 2022. The administrative headquarters of the district is located at [[Paderu]]. It was formed from [[Paderu revenue division]] of [[Visakhapatnam district]] and [[Rampachodavaram revenue division]] of [[East Godavari district]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Raghavendra|first=V.|date=26 January 2022|title=With creation of 13 new districts, AP now has 26 districts|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/with-creation-of-13-new-districts-ap-now-has-26-districts/article38327788.ece|url-status=live|access-date=26 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126110443/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/with-creation-of-13-new-districts-ap-now-has-26-districts/article38327788.ece|archive-date=26 January 2022|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 March 2022|title=New districts to come into force on April 4|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/new-districts-to-come-into-force-on-april-4/article65274658.ece|access-date=31 March 2022|website=[[The Hindu]]|language=en}}</ref>

On December 31st 2025, Rampachodavaram division was carved out of this district and formed as a new district named '''[[Polavaram district]]'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Cabinet approves formation of two new districts, headquarters status for Madanapalle|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2025/Dec/30/andhra-pradesh-cabinet-approves-formation-of-two-new-districts-headquarters-status-for-madanapalle |date=30 December 2025 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en }}</ref>

==Geography==
The district is bordered to the north by [[Malkangiri district]] and [[Koraput district]] in [[Odisha]], to the west by [[Polavaram district]], to the south by [[Anakapalli district]], and to the east by [[Vizianagaram district]] and [[Parvathipuram Manyam district]]s.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

== Administrative divisions ==
The district has one revenue division, namely [[Paderu revenue division|Paderu]], which is further subdivided into a total of 11 mandals, each administered by a Tahsildar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2022 |title=కొత్త జిల్లా తాజా స్వరూపం |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/ap-top-news/general/2501/122062849 |access-date=31 March 2022 |website=[[Eenadu.net]] |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jonathan |first=P. Samuel |date=2022-09-07 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Cabinet clears investment proposals worth ₹1.25 lakh crore |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-cabinet-clears-investment-proposals-worth-125-lakh-crore/article65862971.ece |access-date=2022-09-13 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AP Issues GO Creating Polavaram District With Rampachodavaram as Headquarters
|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/ap-issues-go-creating-polavaram-district-with-rampachodavaram-as-headquarters-1927331|date=30 December 2025 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en }}</ref>

=== Mandals ===
There are 11 mandals located in [[Alluri Sitharama Raju district]], which are under [[Paderu revenue division]], are listed below.

{{Div col}}

*[[Paderu revenue division]]
# [[Ananthagiri mandal, ASR district|Ananthagiri]]
# [[Araku Valley mandal|Araku Valley]]
# [[Chintapalli mandal|Chinthapalli]]
# [[Dumbriguda mandal|Dumbriguda]]
# [[Ganagaraju Madugula mandal|Ganagaraju Madugula]]
# [[Gudem Kotha Veedhi mandal|Gudem Kotha Veedhi]]
# [[Hukumpeta mandal|Hukumpeta]]
# [[Koyyuru mandal|Koyyuru]]
# [[Munchingiputtu mandal|Munchingiputtu]]
# [[Paderu mandal|Paderu]]
#[[Peda Bayalu mandal|Pedabayalu]]
{{Div end}}

== Cities and towns ==
There are no cities or towns in the district. Major villages are Araku and Padern
{| class="wikitable"
|+
Major villages in Alluri Sitharama Raju District
!S.No.
!Name
!Civic status
!Revenue division
!Population (2011 census)
|-
| 1
| [[Araku]]
| Gram Panchayat
| [[Paderu revenue division|Paderu]]
| 56,674
|-
| 2
| [[Paderu]]
| Gram Panchayat
| [[Paderu revenue division|Paderu]]
| 20,760
|}

== Demographics ==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Alluri Sitarama Raju district (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|97.32}}
{{bar percent|[[Telugu Christians|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|1.55}}
{{bar percent|[[Andhra Muslims|Islam]]|green|0.71}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.42}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Alluri Sitarama Raju district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value1 = 70.27 |color1 = steelblue
|label2 = [[Odia language|Odia]] |value2 = 11.43 |color2 = saddlebrown
|label3 = [[Koya language|Koya]] |value3 = 7.63 |color3 = teal
|label4 = [[Kuvi language|Kuvi]] |value4 = 7.09 |color4 = lightskyblue
|label5 = [[Konda language (Dravidian)|Konda]] |value5 = 2.02 |color5 = lightblue
|label6 = Others |value6 = 1.56 |color6 = grey
|thumb=right}}
The district when it was created in 2022 had a population of 953,960, of which 37,973 (3.98%) live in urban areas based on 2011 census data. Alluri Sitarama Raju district has a sex ratio of 1046 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 42.34%.<ref name="census1">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Visakhapatnam |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/122/download/138/DH_2011_2813_PART_A_DCHB_VISAKHAPATNAM.pdf|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref><ref name="census2">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – East Godavari |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/158/download/282/DH_2011_2814_PART_A_DCHB_EAST_GODAVARI.pdf|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 2.49% and 82.67% of the population respectively.<ref name="demographics">{{Cite web |title=Demography Sri Alluri Sitharamaraju District |url=https://allurisitharamaraju.ap.gov.in/demography/}}</ref> The tribals are a mix of peoples: [[:te:బగత_ప్రజలు|Bhagatha]], Konda Dora, [[Khonds|Khond]], [[Konda Reddis|Konda Reddy]], Konda Kapu, [[Koya (tribe)|Koya]], Parang Proja, Valmiki, Kotia, Nooka Dora, Goudu, Mali and Gadaba.

The vast majority of people are [[Hindus|Hindu]], with small minorities of Christians and Muslims.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11363/download/14476/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

At the time of creation of the district in 2022, 70.27% of the population spoke [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 11.43% [[Odia language|Odia]], 7.63% [[Koya language|Koya]], 7.09% [[Kuvi language|Kuvi]] and 2.02% [[Konda language (Dravidian)|Konda]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10193/download/13305/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Politics ==
There is one parliamentary and 3 assembly constituencies in Alluri Sitharama Raju district. The parliamentary constituency is {{bulleted list
|[[Araku (ST) (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
}}
The assembly constituencies are<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/Right%20to%20Infn.Act/annex1.htm|title=District-wise Assembly-Constituencies|work=ceoandhra.nic.in}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!width="50px" style="font-size:75%"|Constituency number
!Name
!style="font-size:75%"|Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
!Parliament
|-
|28
|[[Araku Valley (Assembly constituency)|Araku Valley]]
|[[Adivasi|ST]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Araku Lok Sabha constituency|Araku]]
|-
|29
|[[Paderu (ST) (Assembly constituency)|Paderu]]
|[[Adivasi|ST]]
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=Category:Alluri Sitharama Raju district | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=Q110714850}}

{{authority control}}
{{Districts of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Alluri Sitharama Raju district}}

[[Category:Alluri Sitharama Raju district]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Districts of Andhra Pradesh]]

Karan B. Rawat

2026-03-14T20:45:25Z

Saileshchauhan: started basic details basic info

{{Short description|Indian cinematographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Karan B. Rawat
| birth_name = Karan Bahadur Rawat
| occupation = Cinematographer
| years_active =
| notable_works = ''[[Panghrun]]'' (2022)
}}

'''Karan B. Rawat''' is an Indian cinematographer who predominantly works in [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]] and [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] films. In 2024, he won the [[Maharashtra State Film Awards|Maharashtra State Film Award]] of Best cinematography for ''[[Panghrun]]'' film.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-23 |title=57 व्या राज्य मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्काराचे वितरण, 'वाय' ठरला सर्वोत्कृष्ट चित्रपट |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/57th-state-marathi-film-awards-y-adjudged-the-best-film-maharashtra-entertainment-news-1258896 |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Film ===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Ronde Sare Vyah Picho]]''
| Hindi
| Debut
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
| ''[[Koyelaanchal]]''
| Hindi
|
|-
| ''[[Titoo MBA]]''
| Hindi
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
| ''[[FU: Friendship Unlimited]]''
| Marathi
| Debut in [[Marathi cinema]]
|-
| ''[[2016 The End]]''
| Hindi
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Shikari (2018 film)|Shikari]]''
| Marathi
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019
| ''[[Me Shivaji Park]]''
| Marathi
|
|-
| ''[[Bhai: Vyakti Ki Valli]]''
| Marathi
|
|-
| ''[[Bhai: Vyakti Ki Valli 2]]''
| Marathi
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
| ''[[Antim: The Final Truth]]''
| Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Antim: The Final Truth Movie Review : A massy attempt to entertain in the old-school Bollywood style |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/antim-the-final-truth/movie-review/87913463.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[1962: The War in the Hills]]''
| Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=1962: The War In The Hills Review: Mahesh Manjrekar's War Show Is A Weird Balance Of Good & Bad, Latter Overpowers |url=https://www.koimoi.com/reviews/web-reviews/1962-the-war-in-the-hills-review-starring-abhay-deol-directed-by-mahesh-manjrekar/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=Koimoi}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
| ''[[Nay Varanbhat Loncha Kon Nay Koncha]]''
| Marathi
|
|-
| ''[[Panghrun]]''
| Marathi
|
|-
| ''[[De Dhakka 2]]''
| Marathi
|
|-<ref>{{Cite web |last=Information |first=Film |date=2022-08-05 |title='DE DHAKKA 2' (MARATHI) REVIEW {{!}} 5 August 2022 – Film Information |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/de-dhakka-2-marathi-review-5-august-2022/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Hi Anokhi Gaath]]''
| Marathi
|
|-
| 2025
|''[[Ace (film)|Ace]]''
|Tamil
|Debut in [[Tamil cinema]]
|-
| 2026
|''[[Gandhi Talks]]''
| Sound
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-21 |title=IFFI 2023: Vijay Sethupathi's 'Gandhi Talks' to become first silent film to be screened at the festival |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/iffi-2023-vijay-sethupathis-gandhi-talks-to-become-first-silent-film-to-be-screened-at-the-festival/article67557500.ece |access-date=2024-02-24 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2023-11-23 |title=A.R. Rahman on IFFI Silent Film 'Gandhi Talks,' Starring Vijay Sethupathi, Aditi Rao Hydari: 'This Movie Is a Gift to the Composer' |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/ar-rahman-iffi-silent-film-gandhi-talks-vijay-sethupathi-aditi-rao-hydari-1235806315/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| TBA
| {{Pending film|[[Vedat Marathe Veer Daudle Saat]]}}
| Marathi
|
|}

=== Music videos ===

* "Bollywood Wala Dance" (2021)
* "Vande Matram" (2022)
* "Main Chala" (2022)
* "Dance With Me" (2022)
* "Kya Farak Padta Hai" (2022)

== Awards ==

* 2024:'''Won''':[[Maharashtra State Film Awards|Maharashtra State Film Award]] Best Cinematography – [[Panghrun]]<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|id=2159617}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rawat, Karan B.}}
[[Category:Indian cinematographers]]
[[Category:Marathi film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Hindi film cinematographers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Thilakam

2026-03-04T05:17:40Z

Saileshchauhan: created a page

{{Short description|1960 film by Krishnan–Panju}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thilakam
| image = Thilakam poster.jpg

| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Krishnan–Panju]]
| writer = K. M. Narayanswami
| based_on = {{based on|''Thilakam''|K. M. Narayanswami}}
| producer = [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]]
| starring = [[Prem Nazir]] [[M. N. Rajam]]
| cinematography = S. Maruthi Rao
| editing = Panjabi
| music = [[R. Sudarsanam]]
| studio = [[AVM Productions]]
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1960|11|11}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Thilakam''''' is a 1960 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[Krishnan–Panju]], produced by [[AVM Productions]] and written by K. M. Narayanasami. Based on Narayanasami's play of the same name, the film stars [[Prem Nazir]] and [[M. N. Rajam]]. It was released on 11 November 1960 and failed commercially.

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=November 2022}}
Saraswathi is a woman separated from her husband. She and her daughter Thilakam take refuge in her sister's family in [[Tiruchirappalli|Tiruchi]]. Saraswathi wants her daughter Thilakam to be married to her brother Sekhar. But her uncle Sambasivam wants to marry Thilakam to a rich but old man in [[Mumbai|Bombay]]. Sambasivam's son Gunasekharan is against this plan and wants Thilakam to be married to Sekhar. Whether he succeeds in this, forms the plot of the story.<ref name="hindu" />

== Cast ==
The details are adapted from [[The Hindu]] review article.<ref name="hindu" />
{{Cast listing|
* [[Prem Nazir]]
* [[M. N. Rajam]]
* [[Sriranjani Jr.]]
* R. Rajakumari
* [[D. Balasubramaniam]]
*[[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]]
* [[Tambaram Lalitha]]
* [[Kuladeivam Rajagopal|"Kuladeivam" V. R. Rajagopal]]
* S. Rama Rao
* C. S. Pandian
* S. L. Narayanan
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]
* "Appa" K. Duraiswami
* "Thilakam" K. M. Narayanasami
* Seethalakshmi
* Ramamani Bai
* Pakkirisami
}}

== Production ==
''Thilakam'' was a popular stage play written by K. M. Narayanasami. [[A. V. Meiyappan]], the founder and then-owner of [[AVM Productions]], bought the film rights to the play and produced the film. His son [[M. Saravanan (producer)|Saravanan]] started his film production career with this film working as a "production executive".<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=1 November 2014 |title=Thilakam {{sic|nolink=y|1959}} |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-thilakam-1959/article6555579.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170508133648/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-thilakam-1959/article6555579.ece |archive-date=8 May 2017 |access-date=27 September 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Narayanasami wrote the film's dialogues.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 November 1960 |title=Thilakam |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=vzY-6mMDyDUC&dat=19601111&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=14 September 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=1 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[R. Sudarsanam]] and the lyrics were penned by [[Kothamangalam Subbu]], [[M. K. Athmanathan]], [[A. Maruthakasi]], ''Kavi'' S. Rajagopal and V. Seetharaman. The song "B-o-y Boy, Boyinna Paiyan, G – i – r – l Girl, Girlinna Ponnu" (based on the song "Cat Maane Billi" from the [[Hindi]] film ''[[Dilli Ka Thug]]''), sung by S. C. Krishnan and Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi was a hit.<ref name="hindu" />

'''Partial List of Songs'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song !! Singer/s !! Lyricist !! Length
|-
| "B-o-y Boy, Boyinna Paiyan" || [[S. C. Krishnan]] & [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]] || || 03:52
|-
| "Manasukkulle Maraichu Vaikka Mudiyale" || [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]] & [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]] || M. K. Athmanathan || 03:43
|-
| "Aadi Varum Poonkodi Azhginile" || [[P. Susheela]] || [[A. Maruthakasi]] || 03:47
|-
| "Ezhaikkum Vaazhvukkum Vegudhooramaa" || Seerkazhi Govindarajan, M. L. Vasanthakumari T. S. Bagavathi || Kavi Rajagopal || 04:38
|-
| "Kaaveri Karadhanile Kaaval Iruppavale" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] || 01:25
|-
| "Aayi Mahamaayi Perai Cholli" || S. C. Krishnan, [[L. R. Eswari]] & Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi || [[Kothamangalam Subbu]] || 01:02
|-
| "Karagam Karagam Karagam" || S. C. Krishnan & Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi || Kothamangalam Subbu || 01:34
|-
| "Maari Mutthu Maari" || T. M. Soundararajan & Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi || Kothamangalam Subbu || 01:17
|-
| "Inneram Ennai Seidhe" || S. C. Krishnan & L. R. Eswari || Kothamangalam Subbu || 01:38
|-
| "Bayaaskoppu Paatthiyaa Dappaskoppu Paatthiyaa" || T. M. Soundararajan & Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi || Kothamangalam Subbu || 01:46
|-
| "Thanjavoor Karagamadi Oh Mariammaa" || S. C. Krishnan, Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi, L. R. Eswari & T. M. Soundararajan || Kothamangalam Subbu || 01:22
|-
| "Kaathirundha Kannukku Oli Vandhadhu" || M. L. Vasanthakumari ||| ''Kavi'' S. Rajagopal ||| 04:22
|-
| "Sandhegam Enum Oru Sarakku" || S. C. Krishnan & Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi || || 03:26
|}

== Release and reception ==
''Thilakam'' was released on 11 November 1960.<ref name="avm">{{Cite web |title=AVM Movies |url=http://www.avm.in/movies.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316025635/http://avm.in/movies.html |archive-date=16 March 2017 |access-date=16 March 2017 |website=[[AVM Productions]]}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express|The Sunday Standard]]'' appreciated the plot, performances and cinematography.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 November 1960 |title=Thilakam |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=vzY-6mMDyDUC&dat=19601113&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=11 February 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express|The Sunday Standard]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' appreciated the dialogues, but criticised the story, performances and songs.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=27 November 1960 |title=திலகம் |url=https://ibb.co/x3YvRNX |url-status=usurped |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |pages=50–51 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128091638/https://ibb.co/x3YvRNX |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=28 November 2022}}</ref> The film was a commercial failure.<ref name="hindu" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0234880}}
{{Krishnan–Panju}}
{{AVM Productions}}

[[Category:1960 drama films]]
[[Category:1960 films]]
[[Category:1960 Indian films]]
[[Category:1960 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Krishnan–Panju]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. Sudarsanam]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Munna (1954 film)

2026-03-04T04:09:10Z

Saileshchauhan: added some details added tags - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Munna
| image = Munna_(1954).jpg

| caption =
| director = [[K. A. Abbas]]
| producer = K. A. Abbas
| writer = K. A. Abbas
| narrator =
| starring = [[Master Romi]] [[Jagdeep]] [[Achla Sachdev]] [[Manmohan Krishna]]
| music = [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]]
| cinematography = Ramchandra
| editing =
| distributor =
| studio = Naya Sansar
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1954}}
| runtime = 139 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Munna''''' also called '''''The Lost Child''''' is a 1954 [[Hindi]] social drama film produced and directed by [[K. A. Abbas]] for the Naya Sansar banner.<ref name=Gomolo>{{cite web|title=Munna (1954)|url=http://www.gomolo.com/munna-movie/2468|website=gomolo.com|publisher=Gomolo.com|accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref> The story was written by Abbas with photography by Ramchandra.<ref name=Indiancinema>{{cite web|title=Munna (1954)|url=https://indiancine.ma/HGR/info|website=indiancine.ma|publisher=Indiancine.ma|accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref> The music director was Anil Biswas though there were no songs in the film.<ref name=MySwar>{{cite web|title=Munna (1954)|url=http://myswar.com/album/munna-1954|website=myswar.com|publisher=MySwar|accessdate=2 March 2015|archive-date=20 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820061706/http://myswar.com/album/munna-1954|url-status=dead}}</ref> Master Romi played Munna and the actor [[Jagdeep]] appeared as a child artist in the film. The rest of the cast included [[Sulochana Chatterjee]], [[Shammi (actress)|Shammi]], Tripti Mitra, [[Achala Sachdev]], [[David (actor)|David]], [[Manmohan Krishna]], [[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]], [[Rashid Khan (actor)|Rashid Khan]] and [[Nana Palsikar]].<ref name=citwf>{{cite web|title=Munna (The Lost Child)|url=http://www.citwf.com/film233736.htm|website=citwf.com|publisher=Alan Goble|accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref>

The film is stated to be a sequel to Abbas' debut directorial film ''[[Dharti Ke Lal]]'' (1946), especially with reference to the beginning of ''Dharti Ke Lal''.<ref name=Indiancinema /> Cited as the first Indian film produced without songs and dances, it was acclaimed as an international critical success though it failed at the box office.<ref name=Booth>{{cite book|last1=Booth|first1=Gregory|title=Behind the Curtain : Making Music in Mumbai's Film Studios: Making Music in Mumbai's Film Studios|date=15 September 2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Auckland|isbn=978-0-19-971665-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/behindcurtainmak00boot/page/29 29]|url=https://archive.org/details/behindcurtainmak00boot|url-access=registration|accessdate=2 March 2015|ref=Barnaouw and Krishnaswamy 1980}}</ref>

A couple wants to adopt a child from an orphanage, but he escapes. His mother looks for him and the two keep missing each other. The story was later used by [[Chetan Anand (director)|Chetan Anand]] for his film ''[[Aakhri Khat]]'' (1960).<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|author3=Professor of Critical Studies Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT310|accessdate=2 March 2015|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-94318-9|pages=310–}}</ref>

==Plot==
Munna (Romi) is a six-year-old boy who lives with his poor widowed mother (Tripti Mitra). In the city, the mother is finding it hard to get food for him. Finally Munna's mother, unable to fend for him, leaves him at an orphanage. Munna escapes from there to look for his mother and they cross several times only to miss each other at different places in the city. His journey results in him coming across several characters; bringing a change in their lives. The story also involves a couple who wants to adopt Munna.

==Cast==
* [[Master Romi]] as Munna
* [[Jagdeep]]
* [[Sulochana Chatterjee]]
* Naaz
* [[P. Jairaj]]
* [[David (actor)|David]]
* Tripti Mitra
* [[Madan Puri]]
* [[Achala Sachdev]]
* [[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]]
* [[Shammi (actress)|Shammi]]
* [[Rashid Khan (actor)|Rashid Khan]]
* Manju

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0151670|Munna (1954) }}

{{K. A. Abbas}}

[[Category:1954 films]]
[[Category:1954 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. A. Abbas]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1954 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

Brahma Chellaney

2026-03-03T01:37:26Z

Saileshchauhan: put up a pg v1

{{Short description|Indian geostrategist and writer}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Brahma Chellaney
| image = chellaney.jpg
| caption = Chellaney in 2009
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|18 January 1962}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi, India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Academic and public intellectual
| alma_mater = [[Hindu College, Delhi]] [[Delhi School of Economics]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
| networth =
| spouse =
| children =
| website = [http://chellaney.net/ chellaney.net]
}}
'''Brahma Chellaney''' (born 18 January 1962) is an Indian [[geostrategist]] and columnist.<ref name=Weiss>{{citation |author=Stanley A. Weiss |title=Whom Do Sanctions Hurt |newspaper=The New York Times |date=20 February 2009 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/20/opinion/20iht-edweiss.1.20331049.html |id={{ProQuest|2220509275}}}}</ref><ref name=Georgetown>{{cite web |url=http://www.press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/water |title=Water: Asia's New Battleground |publisher=Georgetown University Press |date=2013}}</ref> He is a professor of strategic studies at the [[Centre for Policy Research]] in New Delhi; a Richard von Weizsäcker Fellow of the Robert Bosch Academy in Berlin; and an affiliate with the International Centre for the Study of Radicalization at King’s College London. He was a member of India's National Security Advisory Board and an author of its draft nuclear doctrine.<ref name="Nature"/> He is a regular columnist for [[Project Syndicate]],<ref name="Project Syndicate">{{cite news |title=Columnist Brahma Chellaney |newspaper=Project Syndicate |url=http://www.project-syndicate.org/columnist/brahma-chellaney}}</ref> and writes for numerous other international publications.

==Education and career==
Chellaney was born in New Delhi. After passing the [[Senior Cambridge]] examination at [[Mount St. Mary's School, India]], he did a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) from [[Hindu College, University of Delhi]] and a [[Master of Arts]] from the [[Delhi School of Economics]]. He holds a PhD in international studies from the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]].<ref name=CPR/>

He is a Professor of Strategic Studies at the New Delhi-based [[Centre for Policy Research]]; a Richard von Weizsäcker Fellow with the [[Robert Bosch Academy]] in Berlin; and a nonresident affiliate with the International Centre for the Study of Radicalization at [[King's College London]].<ref name=Rajaratnam/> In the mid-2000s, he was a member of the Indian government's Policy Advisory Group, which was chaired by the External Affairs Minister of [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Brahma Chellaney (Guest Speaker) |publisher=Wilson Center |date=12 September 2011|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/brahma-chellaney |accessdate=21 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=25th Anniversary Debate |publisher=United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research |date=5 February 2006 |accessdate=9 January 2020 |url=https://www.unidir.org/html/en/25th_anniversary.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060205142924/https://www.unidir.org/html/en/25th_anniversary.html |archive-date=5 February 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Before that, he was an adviser to India’s National Security Council, serving as convener of the External Security Group of the National Security Advisory Board.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brahma Chellaney: India's hydro-diplomacy with Pakistan, Bangladesh and China |publisher=Global Water Forum |date=30 August 2019 |url=https://globalwaterforum.org/2019/08/30/brahma-chellaney-indias-hydro-diplomacy-with-pakistan-bangladesh-and-china/}}</ref>

==Career==
Chellaney was described in ''[[The New York Times]]'' in 1999 as "one of the independent experts who helped draft India's proposed nuclear doctrine".<ref>
{{cite web |author=Brahma Chellaney |title=India, Too, Has a Right to Credible Nuclear Deterrence |newspaper=The New York Times |date=1 September 1999 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/01/opinion/IHT-india-too-has-a-right-to-credible-nuclear-deterrence.html}}</ref><ref name="Nature">{{cite journal |author1=Zia Mian |author2=M. V. Ramana |title=Where nuclear weapons come before basic needs |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/45373 |journal=Nature |date=16 December 1999|volume=402 |issue=6763 |page=722 |doi=10.1038/45373 |bibcode=1999Natur.402..722M }}</ref> The country's draft nuclear doctrine was publicly released in August 1999.<ref>
{{cite web |title=Draft Report of National Security Advisory Board on Indian Nuclear Doctrine |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |date=17 August 1999 |url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/india/doctrine/990817-indnucld.htm}}</ref> The institutions where he has held appointments include [[Harvard University]], the Norwegian Nobel Institute, the [[Brookings Institution]], the [[Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies]] at the [[Johns Hopkins University]], and the [[Australian National University]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Brahma Chellaney |publisher=Robert Bosch Academy |date= |accessdate=21 December 2019 |url=http://www.robertboschacademy.de/content/language2/html/53215.asp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=25th Anniversary Debate |publisher=United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research |date=5 February 2006 |url=https://www.unidir.org/html/en/25th_anniversary.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060205142924/https://www.unidir.org/html/en/25th_anniversary.html |archive-date=5 February 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Graham Tobin from the University of South Florida has as described Chellaney’s geopolitical analyses as astute and critical.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tobin |first1=Graham |title=Water, Peace, and War: Confronting the Global Water Crisis by Brahma Chellaney |journal=Journal of Latin American Geography |date=January 2014 |volume=13 |issue=3 |page=257-259 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|doi=10.1353/lag.2014.0051 |s2cid=145367818 }}</ref>

Chellaney coined the term [[debt-trap diplomacy]] to describe how the Chinese government leverages the debt burden of smaller countries for geopolitical ends.<ref>
{{citation |title=China and Africa: Debt-Trap Diplomacy? |author=Heather Zeiger |newspaper=Mind Matters |date=13 November 2020 |url=https://mindmatters.ai/2020/11/china-and-africa-debt-trap-diplomacy/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Brahma Chellaney |title=China's Debt-Trap Diplomacy |newspaper=Project Syndicate |date=23 January 2017 |url=https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/china-one-belt-one-road-loans-debt-by-brahma-chellaney-2017-01}}</ref> He saw 'debt trap diplomacy' in China's handling of Sri Lanka's debt distress by taking over its [[Hambantota port]] on a long-term lease.<ref>{{Citation |last=Chellaney |first=Brahma |date=2017-12-21 |title=China's creditor imperialism |url=https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/chinas-creditor-imperialism/1 |newspaper=The Strategist}}</ref> The thesis caught on and began to be used widely, becoming "something approaching conventional wisdom", especially in Washington DC.<ref>{{cite news |author=Sebastian Srangio |title=Inside China's Belt and Road Tangle |newspaper=The Diplomat |date=1 September 2020 |url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/09/inside-chinas-belt-and-road-tangle/}}</ref> Other scholars have disputed the assessment, and the "myth of debt trap", arguing that Chinese finance was not the source of Sri Lanka’s financial distress.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Jones |first2=Shahar |last2=Hameiri |title=Debunking the myth of 'debt trap' |at=4. Sri Lanka and the BRI |url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/2020/08/debunking-myth-debt-trap-diplomacy/4-sri-lanka-and-bri |date=2020-08-19 |website=Chatham House}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Carrai |first=Maria Adele |date=2021-06-05 |title=Questioning the Debt-Trap Diplomacy Rhetoric surrounding Hambantota Port |url=https://gjia.georgetown.edu/2021/06/05/questioning-the-debt-trap-diplomacy-rhetoric-surrounding-hambantota-port/ |website=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Rithmire |first2=Deborah |last2=Brautigam |first1=Meg |date=2021-02-06 |title=The Chinese 'Debt Trap' Is a Myth |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2021/02/china-debt-trap-diplomacy/617953/ |newspaper=The Atlantic}}</ref>

==Publications==
Chellaney is the author of nine books.<ref name=CPR>{{cite web |title=Brahma Chellaney |publisher=Center for Policy Research |accessdate=21 December 2019 |url=http://www.cprindia.org/users/brahma-chellaney}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Brahma Chellaney |publisher=Nikkei Asian Review |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Opinion/Brahma-Chellaney |accessdate=17 March 2020}}</ref>

* ''Asian Juggernaut: The Rise of China, India and Japan'', [[HarperCollins]] USA, 2010. {{isbn|9780061987625}}
* ''Water, Peace, and War: Confronting the Global Water Crisis'', [[Rowman & Littlefield]], 2015.<ref>{{cite news |author=G. John Ikenberry |title=Water, Peace, and War: Confronting the Global Water Crisis |newspaper=Foreign Affairs |date=21 October 2013 |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2013-10-21/water-peace-and-war-confronting-global-water-crisis}}</ref>
* ''Water: Asia's New Battleground'', [[Georgetown University Press]], 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Water: Asia's New Battleground |author=Andrew J. Nathan |newspaper=Foreign Affairs |date=1 November 2011 |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2011-11-01/water-asia-s-new-battleground }}</ref>

Two of his most recent books relate to the geopolitics of water resources. Another book, an international best-seller, focuses on how a fast-rising Asia has become the defining fulcrum of global geopolitical change.<ref name=Rajaratnam>{{cite web |title=The S.T. Lee Distinguished Annual Lecture by Professor Brahma Chellaney |publisher=S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies |date=30 October 2018 |url=https://www.rsis.edu.sg/event/the-s-t-lee-distinguished-annual-lecture-by-professor-brahma-chellaney-professor-of-strategic-studies-centre-for-policy-research-new-delhi/}}</ref>

==Reception==

Chellaney was criticized by Chinese state-owned media outlet the ''[[Global Times]]'' for indirectly accusing China of having involvement in the death of [[Bipin Rawat]]. The Global Times described Chellaney as a "conspiracy theorist".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/world/china-slams-conspiracy-theory-over-cds-chopper-crash/ | title=China slams conspiracy theory over CDS chopper crash | date=10 December 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/world/chinas-state-affiliated-media-says-death-of-gen-rawat-in-chopper-crash-exposes-india-s-lack-of-combat-preparedness-1059331.html | title=China's state-affiliated media says death of Gen Rawat in chopper crash exposes India's lack of combat preparedness }}</ref>

Chellaney received the $20,000 Bernard Schwartz Award from the New York-based [[Asia Society]] for his work, ''Water: Asia's New Battleground'', published by Georgetown University Press. The award recognises outstanding contributions regarding contemporary Asian affairs and US-Asia relations.<ref name="Hindu award">{{cite news |title=Brahma Chellaney wins Asia Society Bernard Schwartz Book Award |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line |date=25 October 2012 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/Brahma-Chellaney-wins-Asia-Society-Bernard-Schwartz-Book-Award/article20519053.ece}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Brahma Chellaney}}
* [http://chellaney.net/ Stagecraft and Statecraft]: Brahma Chellaney's website

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chellaney, Brahma}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Hindu College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Geopoliticians]]

Lata (region)

2026-03-01T18:57:25Z

Saileshchauhan: basic correct article per standard format and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Ancient Indian region known as Lār-deśa or Larike}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
'''Lata''' ([[IAST]]: Lāṭa) was a historical region of India, located in the southern part of the present-day [[Gujarat]] state.
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== Location and extent ==

''Shakti-Sangam-Tantra'', a [[Shaktism|Shakt sampradaya]] text composed before 7th century CE, states that Lata was located to the west of [[Avanti (India)]] and to the north-west of [[Vidarbha]].{{sfn|Sharma|1978|p=218}}

According to Tej Ram Sharma, Lata's northern boundary was formed by the [[Mahi River]], or at times, by the [[Narmada River]]. In the south, Lata extended up to the [[Purna River (tributary of Tapti)|Purna River]], and at times, up to [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]]. It included [[Surat]], [[Bharuch]], [[Kheda]] and [[Vadodara]].{{sfn|Sharma|1978|p=218}}

According to [[Georg Bühler]], Lata was the area between [[Mahi River]] and [[Kim River]], and its major city was Bharuch.{{sfn|Sharma|1978|p=218}}

== Historical mentions ==

The Lata region is not mentioned in the earliest of the [[Purana]]s or the [[Indian epic poetry|Sanskrit epics]]. The earliest mention of the region probably comes from the writings of the 2nd century Greco-Egyptian writer [[Ptolemy]].{{sfn|Pruthi|2004|p=148}} The Larike mentioned by him is identified with Lata by multiple scholars including [[Hasmukh Dhirajlal Sankalia|H. D. Sankalia]]{{sfn|Sankalia|1977|p=3}} and [[D. C. Sircar]],{{sfn|Sircar|1968|p=116}} The Greek name might have derived from Lār-deśa ("Lār country"), the [[Prakrit]] form of Lāṭa.{{sfn|Pruthi|2004|p=148}} Ptolemy mentions that the delta of the river Mophis (identified with Mahi) and [[Barygaza]] (Bharuch) were located in Larike.{{sfn|Pruthi|2004|p=148}} [[Vatsayayana]] in his ''[[Kama Sutra]]'' of the third century calls it ''Láṭa''; describes it as situated to the west of Malwa; and gives an account of several of the customs of its people.<ref name="GBP">{{cite book|editor=James Macnabb Campbell|editor-link=James Macnabb Campbell|title=History of Gujarát|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm|series=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|volume=I. Part II.|year=1896|publisher=The Government Central Press|pages=236–241|chapter=II. ÁHMEDÁBÁD KINGS. (A. D. 1403–1573.)}}{{PD-notice}}</ref>

In Sanskrit writings and inscriptions later than the third century, the name is frequently found. In the sixth century, the astronomer [[Varahamihira]] mentions the country of Láṭa, and the name also appears as Láṭa in an Ajanta and in a Mandasor inscription of the fifth century. It is common in the later inscriptions (700–1200 CE) of the [[Chaulukya]], Gurjara and Ráshṭrakúṭa kings as well as in the writings of Arab travellers and historians between the eighth and twelfth centuries.<ref name="GBP"/> ''[[Dipavamsa]]'' and ''[[Mahavamsa]]'' mention that [[Prince Vijaya]] came from the [[Sinhapura]] city in the Lala or Lada region. This region is variously identified as Lata in Gujarat or [[Rarh]] in Bengal.{{sfn|Pruthi|2004|p=149}}

In the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]]-era records, Lata is mentioned as a ''[[vishaya]]'' ([[IAST]]: viṣaya) or district.{{sfn|Pruthi|2004|p=149}} The Lāṭa-viṣaya was well-known until the 8th century.{{sfn|Pruthi|2004|p=148}}

The Latesvara country mentioned in some early [[Gurjara-Pratihara]] and [[Rashtrakuta]] records is probably same as Lata.{{sfn|Pruthi|2004|p=150}}

The [[Chalukyas of Lata]] ruled the region during the 10th and 11th centuries.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=53owAQAAIAAJ |title=The Beautiful India - Daman & Diu |author=Syed Amanur Rahman and Balraj Verma |publisher=Reference Press |year=2006 |page=9 |isbn=9788184050226 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

=== Bibliography ===

* {{cite book |last=Pruthi |first=R. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QTSwN8JBJJAC&pg=PA148 |title=The Epic Civilization |publisher=Discovery |year=2004 |isbn=9788171418633 }}
* {{cite book |last=Sankalia |first=Hasmukhlal Dhirajlal |title=Aspects of Indian History and Archaeology |publisher=B. R. |year=1977 |page=27 }}
* {{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Tej Ram |title=Personal and Geographical Names in the Gupta Empire |year=1978 |publisher=Concept |location=New Delhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WcnnB-Lx2MAC }}
* {{cite book |last=Sircar |first=D. C. |title=Studies in Indian Coins |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1968 |isbn=9788120829732 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1JYwP5tVQUC&pg=PA116 }}
{{Gujarat}}

[[Category:Historical regions in India]]
[[Category:History of Gujarat]]

Long Island (Andaman Islands)

2026-02-21T08:55:15Z

Saileshchauhan: added a details needs work

{{Short description|Island within Indian union territory}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox islands
| name = Long Island
| native_name =
| native_name_link =
| native_name_lang =
| sobriquet =
| image_name =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| map = India Andaman and Nicobar Islands#Bay of Bengal
| map_caption = Location in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] and in the [[Bay of Bengal]]
| pushpin_label_position = left
| coordinates = {{coord|12.38|N|92.93|E|region:IN-AN_type:isle_dim:50000_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| etymology =
| location = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| archipelago = [[Andaman Islands]]
| waterbody = [[Indian Ocean]]
| area_km2 = 14.05
| area_footnotes = <ref name="cit">{{cite web|url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|title=Islandwise Area and Population - 2011 Census|publisher=Government of Andaman}}</ref>
| rank =
| length_km = 8.7
| width_km = 2.0
| coastline_km = 23.81
| elevation_m = 75
| elevation_footnotes =
| highest_mount =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[List of districts in India#Andaman and Nicobar (AN)|District]]
| country_admin_divisions = [[North and Middle Andaman district|North and Middle Andaman]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Island group]]
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Andaman Islands]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Island sub-group
| country_admin_divisions_2 = [[East Baratang Group]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_3 = [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]]
| country_admin_divisions_3 = [[Rangat|Rangat Taluk]]
| country_largest_city = Long Island village
| population = 1032
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_rank =
| population_rank_max =
| density_km2 = 73.45
| density_rank =
| density_footnotes =
| ethnic_groups = [[Hindu]], [[Andamanese people|Andamanese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 744203<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-codes.com/pincodes/a-n-islands-pin-code |title=A&N Islands - Pincodes |date=22 September 2016 |accessdate=22 September 2016 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323224041/http://www.india-codes.com/pincodes/a-n-islands-pin-code |archivedate=23 March 2014 }}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 031927 <ref name="allcodesindia">{{cite web|url=http://allcodesindia.in/stdcode/andaman+and+nicobar.php |publisher=allcodesindia.in|title=STD Codes of Andaman and Nicobar|accessdate=2016-09-23}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://www.and.nic.in/}}
| iso_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|ISO code]]
| iso_code = IN-AN-00<ref>Registration Plate Numbers added to ISO Code</ref>
|additional_info = {{Infobox|child=yes
| label2 = Literacy | data2 = 84.4%
| label3 = Avg. summer temperature| data3 ={{convert|30.2|°C|°F}}
| label4 = Avg. winter temperature| data4 ={{convert|23.0|°C|°F}}
| label5 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]| data5 =1.2[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| label7 = Census Code| data7 = 35.639.0004
| label8 = Official Languages| data8 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
}}
}}
'''Long Island''' is an island of the [[Andaman Islands]]. It belongs to the [[North and Middle Andaman district|North and Middle Andaman]] administrative [[Districts of India|district]], part of the [[India]]n [[union territory]] of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].<ref name="census">{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-VillageDirectory/Directory/short_code_rural_35.pdf|title=Village Code Directory: Andaman & Nicobar Islands|publisher=Census of India|accessdate=2011-01-16}}</ref>
The island is located {{convert|80|km|0|abbr=on}} north from [[Port Blair]].

==Geography==
The island belongs to the [[East Baratang Group]] and lies east of [[Porlob Island]].

==Climate==
The island has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Am'').
{{Weather box
| location = Long Island (1991–2020, extremes 1952–2020)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 35.1
| Feb record high C = 36.0
| Mar record high C = 38.1
| Apr record high C = 40.7
| May record high C = 43.1
| Jun record high C = 37.6
| Jul record high C = 37.6
| Aug record high C = 36.7
| Sep record high C = 38.0
| Oct record high C = 35.6
| Nov record high C = 36.0
| Dec record high C = 35.2
|year record high C = 43.1
| Jan high C = 30.8
| Feb high C = 31.0
| Mar high C = 32.1
| Apr high C = 33.6
| May high C = 33.3
| Jun high C = 31.4
| Jul high C = 30.9
| Aug high C = 30.6
| Sep high C = 30.5
| Oct high C = 31.0
| Nov high C = 31.1
| Dec high C = 30.7
| year high C = 31.4
| Jan low C = 22.5
| Feb low C = 22.0
| Mar low C = 23.0
| Apr low C = 24.9
| May low C = 25.5
| Jun low C = 25.0
| Jul low C = 25.1
| Aug low C = 24.8
| Sep low C = 24.3
| Oct low C = 24.5
| Nov low C = 24.6
| Dec low C = 23.7
| year low C = 24.2
| Jan record low C = 16.0
| Feb record low C = 15.1
| Mar record low C = 17.3
| Apr record low C = 19.2
| May record low C = 18.2
| Jun record low C = 19.4
| Jul record low C = 19.0
| Aug record low C = 18.0
| Sep record low C = 20.0
| Oct record low C = 20.0
| Nov record low C = 18.6
| Dec record low C = 17.2
|year record low C = 15.1
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 35.5
| Feb rain mm = 10.5
| Mar rain mm = 8.5
| Apr rain mm = 44.8
| May rain mm = 247.5
| Jun rain mm = 409.9
| Jul rain mm = 417.9
| Aug rain mm = 437.3
| Sep rain mm = 458.3
| Oct rain mm = 259.5
| Nov rain mm = 172.1
| Dec rain mm = 103.0
|year rain mm = 2604.6
| Jan rain days = 1.7
| Feb rain days = 0.4
| Mar rain days = 0.4
| Apr rain days = 2.0
| May rain days = 10.8
| Jun rain days = 16.1
| Jul rain days = 17.0
| Aug rain days = 17.6
| Sep rain days = 17.5
| Oct rain days = 12.8
| Nov rain days = 8.1
| Dec rain days = 4.3
|year rain days = 108.7
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 84
| Feb humidity = 78
| Mar humidity = 77
| Apr humidity = 75
| May humidity = 82
| Jun humidity = 86
| Jul humidity = 87
| Aug humidity = 87
| Sep humidity = 89
| Oct humidity = 88
| Nov humidity = 86
| Dec humidity = 83
|year humidity = 84
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archivedate = 5 February 2020
| url = http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Long Island Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 445–446
| accessdate = 10 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archivedate = 5 February 2020
| url = http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M2
| accessdate = 10 February 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Administration==
Politically, Long Island, along with neighboring [[East Baratang Group]], is part of [[Rangat]] [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]].<ref name="and">{{cite web|url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf |publisher=andssw1.and.nic.in|title=DEMOGRAPHIC – A&N ISLANDS |accessdate=2016-09-23}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
There are three villages on the island: Long Village, Middle Village, and Lalaji Bay.
Parkinson point (the northern tip of the island), was previously also inhabited.
The island has its own power house, boat building yard, senior secondary school, bank, wireless facilities, hospital, Range Forest Office and police outpost. Long Island is an isolated settlement without any road network.

==Transportation==
The island is reachable by boat from [[Port Blair]], or from [[Rangat]].
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiatravelnext.com/islands-of-andaman/long-island-in-andaman-and-nicobar.html |title=Long Island in Andaman and Nicobar, Travel to Long Island |website=www.indiatravelnext.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520212912/http://www.indiatravelnext.com/islands-of-andaman/long-island-in-andaman-and-nicobar.html |archive-date=20 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Tourism==
Merk Bay and Lalaji Bay<ref>[http://www.knowandamans.com/2011/11/lalaji-bay-beach-long-island.html beach]</ref> are two beaches popular as a picnic spot in this island. The island is a good location for beach camping.
The rest houses <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.andamans.gov.in/html/longisland.html|title = Official Website of Andaman & Nicobar Tourism || Andaman and Nicobar Administration || India}}</ref> are mainly managed by the forest department.
A visit to nearby Guitar Island is also popular.<ref>[http://www.knowandamans.com/2011/11/guitar-island-andaman-and-nicobar-islands.html visit]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Wikivoyage|Long Island (Andamans)}}
{{Portal|India}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050728121303/http://www.gsi.gov.in/mudvol.htm Geological Survey of India]
{{North and Middle Andaman district |state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Long Island}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in North and Middle Andaman district]]
[[Category:Islands of North and Middle Andaman district]]

Nagina Mosque

2026-02-15T09:53:56Z

Saileshchauhan: added the stub added tags

{{Short description|Former mosque in Champaner, Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Nagina Mosque
| image = Nagina Masjid - Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park - Gujarat - DSC001.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Gujarat
| map_size = 250| map_relief = 1| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Gujarat]]
| location = [[Champaner]], [[Panchmahal]], [[Gujarat]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|22.4859|73.5371|type:landmark_region:IN-GJ|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]] {{small|(former)}}
| status = [[Mosque]] {{small|(former)}}
| functional_status = {{ubl|'''Abandoned''';|Preserved}}
| rite =
| heritage_designation = [[Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park]]
| funded_by = [[Mahmud Begada]]
| website =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = {{ubl|[[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]|[[Mughal architecture|Mughal]]}}
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = 15th century
| construction_cost =
| specifications =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity = Three
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity = Two
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| materials = Rubble [[masonry]]
| nrhp =
| added =
| refnum =
| designated =
| module = {{Infobox historic site
| embed = yes
| designation1 = MANI | designation1_offname = Nagina Mosque and Cenatop of Nagina Masjid | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = N-GJ-96 and 97 | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value =
| designation2 = WHS | designation2_offname = [[Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park]] | designation2_type = | designation2_criteria = Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) | designation2_date = 2004 | delisted2_date = | designation2_partof = | designation2_number = 1101 | designation2_free1name = | designation2_free1value = | designation2_free2name = | designation2_free2value = | designation2_free3name = | designation2_free3value =
}}
}}

The '''Nagina Mosque''' (meaning 'Jewel Mosque', see [[Negin]]) is a former [[mosque]], now a heritage site, in [[Champaner]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. It was built during the time of [[Mahmud Begada]], in the 15th century. It has minarets, globe-like domes, and narrow stairs.<ref name="Singh2009">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Sarina|title=India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vK88ktao7pIC&pg=PA742|accessdate=29 September 2012|date=1 September 2009|publisher=LP|isbn=978-1-74179-151-8|pages=742–}}</ref> The mosque is a [[Monuments of National Importance (India)|Monument of National Importance]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/alphabetical-list-of-monuments-gujarat/ |title=List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of Gujarat |work=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |date= |access-date=2016-11-18}}</ref> and, together with other structures, is part of the [[Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park]], a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], and is among the 114 monuments there which are listed by the Baroda Heritage Trust.<ref name="Bombay1879">{{cite book|author=Bombay (India: State)|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Kaira and Panch Maháls|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLUBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA308|accessdate=29 September 2012|edition=Public domain|year=1879|publisher=Government Central Press|pages=308–}}</ref><ref name=Goud>{{Cite web |url=http://portal.unesco.org/pv_obj_cache/pv_obj_id_1BE01ADA16E57D45AE12B1BAA3A6840B7ABF0A00/filename/B+B+Goud.pdf |title=Champaner-Pavagarh World Heritage Site– Gujarat |publisher=[[UNESCO]] }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== History ==
The mosque was built in Champaner during the time of [[Mahmud Begada]], as were several other mosques within the Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, including the [[Bawaman Mosque|Bawaman]], [[Jama Mosque, Champaner|Jama]], [[Kevada Mosquer|Kevada]], and [[Lila Gumbaj Ki Mosque|Lila Gumbaj Ki]] mosques, and the Ek Minar, Khajuri, and Shahar Ki mosques.<ref name="Congress2003">{{cite book|author=Congress|title=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oxJDAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=29 September 2012|year=2003|publisher=Indian History Congress|page=342}}</ref>

==Geography==
The mosque, or masjid, is approximately {{Convert|0.75|mi}} to the south of the citadel, and {{convert|1800|ft}} north of the ''Bhadr''.<ref name="BurgessCousens1897">{{cite book|last1=Burgess|first1=James|last2=Cousens|first2=Henry|title=Revised lists of antiquarian remains in the Bombay Presidency: and the native states of Baroda, Palanpur, Radhanpur, Kathiawad, Kachh, Kolhapur, and the southern Maratha minor states|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2ZBAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA95|accessdate=30 September 2012|edition=Public domain|year=1897|publisher=Printed at the Government central press|pages=95–}}</ref> The [[Kajuri Masjid, Champaner|Kajuri Masjid]] is west of the Nagina and the Kevada is to the north-northwest. A small lake is situated considerably to the north.<ref name="BurgessCousens1897" /> After James Burgess and Henry Cousens wrote descriptions of the Nagina, Kevada, and Jama Masjids, roads were built to reach them.<ref name="Khanna1992">{{cite book|last=Khanna|first=Amar Nath|title=Archaeology of India: retrospect and prospect|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwhuAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=29 September 2012|date=1 February 1992|publisher=Clarion Books|isbn=978-81-85120-17-1|page=223}}</ref>
[[File:Nagina Masjid 06.jpg|left|thumb|Interior of Nagina Masjid, Champaner.]]
[[File:Nagina Masjid 07.jpg|thumb|left|Nagina Masjid's cenotaph.]]

==Architecture==
The masjid is a large monument built on a high-rise plinth with a large open courtyard in front. The building was constructed of pure white stone.<ref name=" Bombay 1879">{{cite book|last= Bombay |first= (India : State)|title=Volume 3 of Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Bombay (India :State)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLUBAAAAYAAJ&q=Champaner+city&pg=PA305|accessdate=23 September 2012|year=1887|publisher= Printed at the Government Central Press |pages=304–309}}</ref> At the main entrance, the masjid is marked by [[minaret]]s, which have intricate and elegant carvings; as in other masjids, like Kevada Masjid, it has floral designs in its niches. Three large domes rise over the main prayer hall, above decorative columns and windows. The architecture also features a series of beautifully designed projecting [[corbel]]s and a projecting [[cornice]], and is decorated with geometric motifsm both inside and outside at the platform level. The main prayer hall rises two storeys and has a balcony.<ref name=Survey>{{Cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_champaner_monuments.asp|title=World Heritage Sites - Champaner - Monuments at Champaner|accessdate=28 September 2012|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501151106/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_champaner_monuments.asp|archive-date=1 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Tour>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/showpage.aspx?contentid=73&webpartid=75|title=Mosques of Champaner|accessdate=29 September 2012|publisher=Official Web site of Government of Gujarat Tourism|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016003238/http://www.gujarattourism.com/showpage.aspx?contentid=73&webpartid=75|archivedate=16 October 2011|df=}}</ref>

==Grounds==
Within the precincts of the masjid there are a few brick structures and [[step well]]s. An elegant domed [[mausoleum]] is situated in front of the mosque to the northeast.<ref name="BurgessCousens1897" /> The [[cenotaph]] has openings on all four directions; its frontage, columns and niches are decorated with carved floral and geometrical designs. The cenotaph's central dome has disappeared.

==Restoration==
Initial restoration works were carried out in the 1890s.<ref name="CircleDept1897">{{cite book|author=Bombay (India : State). General Dept|title=Archaeology, Progress Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9MksAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=1 October 2012|year=1897|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India. Western Circle|location=Bombay|page=8}}</ref> The pillars of Nagina Masjid and [[Lila Gumbaj Ki Masjid]] were subject to deterioration due to wind, humidity and moisture (bio-deterioration) and the stones were "pulverized". Further pulverization was prevented by spraying on OH-100 ([[ethyl silicate]]) and also in a few cases deteriorated areas were filled with stone powder mixed with OH-100.<ref name=Goud/> Other treatment measures included removing insoluble salts using a 2% solution of [[sodium hexametaphosphate]], [[ferrous salt]]s with a 2% solution of [[EDTA]] and removing [[bat]] excreta with a 5% solution of [[liquid ammonia]] and non-ionic [[detergent]] followed by a second stage of treatment by applying a mixture of [[ammonium carbonate]] and [[ammonium bicarbonate]], with EDTA as an additive. Micro-vegetation growth were carefully removed by brushing with soft [[nylon]] brushes sprayed with an aqueous solution of 3% ammonia and 1% non-ionic detergent, which was later removed by washing with a large quantity of water.<ref name=Goud/>

== Other mosques ==
There are several other mosques within the Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, including the [[Bawaman Mosque|Bawaman]], [[Jama Mosque, Champaner|Jama]], [[Kevada Mosque|Kevada]], and [[Lila Gumbaj Ki Mosque|Lila Gumbaj Ki]] mosques.

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam|Architecture}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]]
* [[Monuments of Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline|Nagina Masjid (Champaner)}}

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:15th-century mosques in India]]
[[Category:Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]

[[Category:Mosques in Champaner]]
[[Category:Mosque ruins in India]]

Jodhpur railway station

2026-02-14T23:21:12Z

Saileshchauhan: started a entry basic info

{{Short description|Railway station in Rajasthan, India}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Jodhpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Express trains in India|Express train]] and [[Slow and fast passenger trains in India|Passenger train]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Jodhpur Railway Station.jpg
| image_caption =
| address = [[Jodhpur]], [[Rajasthan]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|26|16|59|N|73|01|21|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|241|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| line = [[Jodhpur–Jaisalmer line]] [[Jodhpur–Luni section]] [[Jodhpur–Bathinda line]]
| other = Taxi stand, Autorickshaw
| structure = At grade
| platform = 5
| tracks = 7
| entrances =
| parking = Available
| website = https://jodhpurstation.in
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|1885}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = JU
| zone = [[North Western Railway Zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Jodhpur}}}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[North Western Railway zone]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_dot_label = Jodhpur railway station
| map_size = 270
| map_type = India Rajasthan
| map_caption = {{center|Location in Rajasthan}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}
}}
'''Jodhpur railway station''' (station code:- '''JU''') is a major railway station located in [[Jodhpur]], [[Rajasthan]], India. The railway station is under the administrative control of [[North Western Railway]] of [[Indian Railways]].

==History==
{{See also|North Western Railway zone#History}}

Jodhpur railway station was opened in 1885 under the jurisdiction of New Jodhpur Railway The first train ran from Jodhpur to Luni on 9 March 1885. The New Jodhpur Railway was later combined with Bikaner State Railway to form Jodhpur–Bikaner Railway in 1889 A Railway line was completed between Jodhpur and Bikaner in 1891, Later in 1900, lt combined with Jodhpur–Hyderabad Railway (some part of this railway is in Pakistan) leading to connection with Hyderabad of Sindh Province. Later in 1924 Jodhpur and Bikaner Railways worked as independent Railways. After Independence, a part of Jodhpur Railway went to West Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |title = IR History: Part - 2 (1870–1900)| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 2014-02-01}}</ref>

==Railway reorganization==
[[Jodhpur–Bathinda line|Jodhpur–Bikaner line]] was merged with the [[Western Railway (India)|Western Railway]] on 5 November 1951.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?id=0,1,283 | title = Western railway history}}</ref> Later North Western Railway came into existence on 1 October 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,261 |title=North Western railway history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031916/http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C1%2C261 |archive-date= 4 March 2016 }}</ref>

==References==
{{commons category|Jodhpur railway station}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IndiaRailInfo|126}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Jodhpur}}

{{Railway stations in Rajasthan}}
{{Jodhpur}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1885]]
[[Category:Transport in Jodhpur]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Jodhpur district]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jodhpur]]
[[Category:Jodhpur railway division]]

Ustaad (TV show)

2026-02-05T22:28:45Z

Saileshchauhan: Made New Data Nd Citations!

{{Short description|Indian variety talk-show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Ustaad (TV show).jpg
| alt_name =
| genre = {{plain list|
* [[Variety show|Variety]]
* [[Talk show]]
}}
| creator = [[Manchu Manoj]]
| developer =
| writer =
| director = Surendra Redrowthu
| presenter =
| music =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 9
| executive_producer =
| producer = TG Vishwa Prasad
| location = [[Ramoji Film City]], [[Hyderabad]]
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = Multi-camera
| company = People Media Factory
| network = [[ETV Win]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|12|15|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2024|2|8|df=y}}
}}

'''''Ustaad''''' is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Variety show|variety]] [[talk show]] hosted by [[Manchu Manoj]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchu Manoj on his OTT debut Ustaad - 'It is only the beginning, feels like a rebirth' |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/manchu-manoj-on-his-ott-debut-ustaad-it-is-only-the-beginning-feels-like-a-rebirth/8c66272d8c490 |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=27 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227170222/https://www.ottplay.com/news/manchu-manoj-on-his-ott-debut-ustaad-it-is-only-the-beginning-feels-like-a-rebirth/8c66272d8c490 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was premiered on 15 December 2023 on [[ETV Win]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Hari Prasad |title=Manchu Manoj in OTT: ఫ్యాన్స్‌కు రిటర్న్ గిఫ్ట్ ఇస్తానంటున్న మంచు మనోజ్.. ఓటీటీలోకి ఎంట్రీ |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/manchu-manoj-in-ott-ustaad-reality-show-in-etv-win-121701863406026.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te |archive-date=14 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214164022/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/manchu-manoj-in-ott-ustaad-reality-show-in-etv-win-121701863406026.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ustaad OTT release date - When and where to watch Manchu Manoj's game show |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ustaad-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-manchu-manojs-game-show/ea6f7ff4ae682 |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=15 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715020405/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ustaad-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-manchu-manojs-game-show/ea6f7ff4ae682 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2023-12-18 |title=Here is a list of Telugu movies, shows you can watch on OTT this week starting December 18 |url=https://telanganatoday.com/here-is-a-list-of-telugu-movies-shows-you-can-watch-on-ott-this-week-starting-december-18 |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Episodes ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!#
!Guest(s)
!Premiere
|-
|1
|[[Nani (actor)|Nani]]
|15 December 2023
|-
|2
|[[Siddhu Jonnalagadda]]
|21 December 2023
|-
|3
|[[Rana Daggubati]]
|28 December 2023
|-
|4
|[[Vishwak Sen]]
|4 January 2024
|-
|5
|[[Teja Sajja]], [[Prasanth Varma]]
|11 January 2024
|-
|6
|[[Adivi Sesh]]
|18 January 2024
|-
|7
|[[Aadhi Pinisetty]], [[Sundeep Kishan]]
|25 January 2024
|-
|8
|[[Ravi Teja]]
|1 February 2024
|-
|9
|[[Sharwanand]]
|8 February 2024
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.etv.co.in/etv-telugu/showview/ustaad}}
* [https://www.etvwin.com/win-exclusive/ustaad ''Ustaad''] on [[ETV Win]]
* {{IMDb title|id=30470375|title=Ustaad}}
[[Category:2023 web series debuts]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian television talk shows]]
[[Category:Telugu-language web series]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Web talk shows]]
[[Category:ETV Win original programming]]

Manuke, Moga district

2026-02-02T19:41:14Z

Saileshchauhan: added new location w/ refs

{{Short description|Village located in Punjab, India}}
{{Distinguish|Manuke, Ludhiana district|text=[[Manuke, Ludhiana district|Manuke]], another village with the same name located in the neighbouring [[Ludhiana district]]}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Manooke
| native_name =
| other_name = Manuke
| settlement_type = Village
| translit_lang1 = Māṇūkē
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Moga district|Moga]]
| coordinates = {{coord|30.62964358495033|N|75.19125907520178|E}}
| area_total_km2 = 24.5841
| population_total = 10,406
| population_as_of = 2011
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=30 August 2019|page=32|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
}}

'''Manuke''', alternatively spelt as '''Manooke''' or '''Manuki''', is a village situated in the Nihal Singhwala ''[[tehsil]]'' of the [[Moga district]] of the state of [[Punjab, India]]. It is located approximately 9 km away from the sub-district headquarter of Nihal Singhwala (''tehsildar'' office), and 28 km south away from [[Moga, Punjab|Moga]], the eponymous city of the district. The total literacy rate of Manooke is 64.79%, out of which the individual literacy values by [[sex]] are 67.26% for males and 61.99% for females of the locality.{{when?|date=April 2023}}{{fact|date=April 2023}} There are about 1,987 houses located in the village. 3,358 persons of the village belong to [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census of India 2011 - Punjab - Series 04 - Part XII B - District Census Handbook, Moga |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1007 |access-date=17 August 2022 |website=Census of India}}</ref> The village belongs to the [[Malwa (Punjab)|Malwai culture]] and the [[Malwai dialect]] of Punjabi is spoken by the locals.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Moga |first1=Parminder Singh Grover |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dy-pOAnlQL0C&q=malwa+punjab&pg=PT16 |title=Discover Punjab: Attractions of Punjab |last2=Singh |first2=Davinderjit |date=20 May 2011 |publisher=Parminder Singh Grover |pages=179 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Manuke village in Moga tehsil, Survey of India geographical block-map for 44 N NW Ferozepore (1921) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Manuke village in Moga tehsil, Survey of India geographical block-map for 44 N NW Ferozepore (1921)]]
The ''Kakar'' fair was held in Manuke village during the end of the traditional month of ''[[Harh|Har]]'' (June-July) as per A. H. Bingley's ''Sikhs'' (1899).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bingley |first=A. H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S3lKAAAAYAAJ |title=Sikhs |publisher=Government Central Printing Office |year=1899 |pages=vii |chapter=Appendix B}}</ref> During World War I, at-least ninety-five local men of Manuke served in the British Indian Army during the war, with at-least two dying during it.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=George |title=Punjab Registers: Ferozepore District - Manoke |publisher=University of Greenwich |year=1920}}</ref>

== Land records ==
''[[Shajra|Shajjra Nasb]]'' (also known as ''Kursee Nama''{{Efn|Kursee Nama is also spelt as 'Kurseenama' or 'Kursinama'.|group=note}}) records of Manuke village from 1952–1953 have been digitized by the [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] via [[FamilySearch]] and are available for online viewing.<ref>"India, Punjab, Moga Land Ownership Pedigrees, 1887-1958," images, ''FamilySearch'' (<nowiki>https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:939V-YZJD-T?cc=1867929&wc=M6PG-LM9%3A170343101%2C170762101</nowiki> : 20 May 2014), Moga District Office > vol. 112 1952-1953 (Manuke, HBN 105) > image 1 of 205; District Offices, Moga.</ref> These records detail land ownership pedigrees for families of the village.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2024 |title=India, Punjab, Moga Land Ownership Pedigrees - FamilySearch Historical Records |url=https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/India,_Punjab,_Moga_Land_Ownership_Pedigrees_-_FamilySearch_Historical_Records |access-date=12 April 2025 |website=FamilySearch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2024 |title=India Land and Property |url=https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/India_Land_and_Property |access-date=12 April 2025 |website=FamilySearch}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Moga district]]

{{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}

Love Story (soundtrack)

2026-01-23T06:05:36Z

Saileshchauhan: added new details w/ refs - done

{{short description|2021 soundtrack album by Pawan Ch}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox album|cover=Pawan Ch Love Story (soundtrack).jpg|border=yes
| name = Love Story
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Pawan Ch
| released = 22 September 2021
| recorded = 2020–2021
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 20:53
| language = [[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = Pawan Ch
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|y5mi5QvctvM|Audio Jukebox}}}}
{{Singles
| name = Love Story
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Ay Pilla
| single1date = 11 March 2020
| single2 = Nee Chitram Choosi
| single2date = 14 February 2021
| single3 = [[Saranga Dariya]]
| single3date = 28 February 2021
| single4 = Evo Evo Kalale
| single4date = 25 March 2021
}}
}}

'''''Love Story''''' is the [[soundtrack album]] composed by Pawan Ch<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-21|title=Interview : Pawan Ch – Shekhar Kammula rejected me multiple times|url=https://www.123telugu.com/interviews/interview-pawan-ch-shekhar-kammula-rejected-me-multiple-tiimes.html|access-date=2022-01-13|website=123telugu.com|language=en}}</ref> for the 2021 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film [[Love Story (2021 film)|of the same name]] featuring [[Naga Chaitanya]] and [[Sai Pallavi]] in lead roles, directed by [[Sekhar Kammula]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Overwhelmed by the response to my music in Love Story: Pawan Ch - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/overwhelmed-by-the-response-to-my-music-in-love-story-pawan-ch/articleshow/81724888.cms|access-date=2022-01-13|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The album consists of five songs (along with an additional song) with [[Suddala Ashok Teja]], [[Bhaskarabhatla]], [[Roll Rida]], Chaithanya Pingali and Mittapalli Surender penning the lyrics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Love Story 'ఫిదా'కి తిరస్కరించారు.. 'లవ్‌స్టోరి'కి అవకాశం ఇచ్చారు|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/telugu-news-lovestory-music-director-pawan-interview/0206/121194354|access-date=2022-01-13|website=EENADU|language=te}}</ref> The soundtrack album was released on 22 September 2021 through [[Aditya Music]] label. Kartik Srinivasan of ''[[Film Companion]]'' added the song "Evo Evo Kalale" in his list of Top 10 Telugu songs of 2021.

== Background and development ==
Pawan Ch, a student of [[A. R. Rahman]]'s music institution [[KM Music Conservatory]], was chosen to compose the film's soundtrack and score.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Love Story: AR Rahman sends best wishes to music director Pawan Ch and the film's team - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/love-story-ar-rahman-sends-best-wishes-to-music-director-pawan-ch-and-the-films-team/articleshow/86365949.cms|access-date=2022-01-13|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The album marks his debut as a composer in a feature film. About his opportunity to work in the film, Pawan told that "I was rejected for Fidaa and another film of his too. Sekhar sir is very demanding, he always wants something more and better. It was with a rough version of Ay Pilla that helped me bag Love Story. He later tested me for several song situations. I think I was responding well and only then, he gave me the actual song situation for this number, Evo Evo Kalale. With most of the songs in the film, we created multiple versions and improvised them with time".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive! Ch Pawan on Love Story: Whatever I know about scoring music for movies today, I owe it to AR Rahman|url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-ch-pawan-on-love-story-whatever-i-know-about-scoring-music-for-movies-today-i-owe-it-to-ar-rahman/b5e7530c1b412|access-date=2022-01-13|website=OTTPlay|language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
A preview of the first single track titled "Ay Pilla" was released on 14 February 2020,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Musical preview of Ay Pilla from Love Story on Feb 14 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/musical-preview-of-ay-pilla-from-love-story-on-feb-14/articleshow/74101177.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> to coincide with [[Valentine's Day]]<ref>{{Cite news|title='Ay Pilla's musical preview released from 'Love Story' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/ay-pillas-musical-preview-released-from-love-story/articleshow/74130182.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|last1=Nyayapati |first1=Neeshita }}</ref> and the full lyrical version of the song on 11 March 2020. The song had lyrics written by Chaitanya Pingali and was sung by [[Haricharan]] with [[Nakul Abhyankar]], Hiral Viradia singing additional vocals.<ref>{{cite web|date=11 March 2020|title=Full lyrical of Ay Pilla from Love Story released|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/full-lyrical-of-ay-pilla-from-love-story-released/articleshow/74577925.cms|access-date=11 March 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref> The lyric video of the song crossed 10 million views in [[YouTube]] as of January 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Love Story: 'Ay Pilla' lyrical song crosses 10 million views - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/love-story-ay-pilla-lyrical-song-crosses-10-million-views/articleshow/80082789.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

Less than a year after its first single being released, the second song "Nee Chitram Choosi" written by Mittapalli Surender and sung by [[Anurag Kulkarni]] was released on Valentine's Day, 14 February 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Nee Chitram Choosi' from Love Story: Chaitanya and Sai Pallavi will keep you glued - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/nee-chitram-choosi-from-love-story-chaitanya-and-sai-pallavi-will-keep-you-glued/articleshow/80907546.cms|access-date=2021-02-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> On 28 February 2021, the third song "[[Saranga Dariya]]" featuring vocals by [[Mangli]] and lyrics by [[Suddala Ashok Teja]] was released.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Samantha to release the folk number Saranga Dariya from Naga Chaitanya, Sai Pallavi starrer Love Story - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/samantha-to-release-the-folk-number-saranga-dariya-from-naga-chaitanya-sai-pallavi-starrer-love-story/articleshow/81227715.cms|access-date=2021-03-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The lyrical song received praise for Sai Pallavi's dance choreography and the vocals by Mangli adding a "perfect Telangana nativity to the folk number".<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|title=Sai Pallavi's Saranga Dariya from Love Story hits 100 million views - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/sai-pallavis-saranga-dariya-from-love-story-hits-100-million-views-in-48-hours/articleshow/81293908.cms|access-date=2021-03-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The song had crossed more than 100 million views upon release.<ref name=":4" /> On 25 March 2021, [[Mahesh Babu]] unveiled the fourth song "Evo Evo Kalale" featuring vocals by [[Jonita Gandhi]] and [[Nakul Abhyankar]] and written by [[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar|Bhaskarabhatla Ravikumar]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mahesh Babu releases Evo Evo Kalale from Naga Chaitanya and Sai Pallavi starrer Love Story - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/mahesh-babu-releases-evo-evo-kalale-from-naga-chaitanya-and-sai-pallavi-starrer-love-story/articleshow/81686677.cms|access-date=2021-03-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The full album featuring five tracks was unveiled on the occasion of [[Vinayaka chavithi|Vinayaka Chaviti]] (10 September 2021).<ref>{{Citation|title=Love Story|date=22 September 2021|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0OImGXGRBT5TAiMBXvKMFO|language=en|access-date=2021-09-23}}</ref> An additional song "Mutyala Chemma Chekka" which is a remix from the 1964 film ''[[Bobbili Yuddham]]'' was released after the film's release. The official background score track list was released on 11 January 2022.

=== Marketing ===
To promote the soundtrack's success, a musical event titled ''Love Story Unplugged'' was held on 20 September 2021, by Pawan and his music team, at the [[Yousufguda]] Police Grounds in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Citation|title=#LoveStory Unplugged Live {{!}} Naga Chaitanya {{!}} Sai Pallavi {{!}} Sekhar Kammula {{!}} Pawan Ch|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKmqs4013fA|language=en|access-date=2021-09-23}}</ref>

== Reception ==
J Jagannath of ''[[Business Standard]]'' felt that his music makes the movie watchable and also wrote: "Pawan Ch, an alumnus of A R Rahman's KM Music Conservatory, makes a barnstorming musical debut with ''Love Story''. His sense of melody, the trademark of a Kammula movie, is spot on. At least three tracks are instant chartbusters and the background music is spellbindingly inventive considering how much of an emotional movie it is. The song 'Evo Evo Kalale' has been shot like a fevered dream and its brilliance is to be seen on the big screen to be believed."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jagannath|first=J.|date=2021-10-01|title=Love Story review: A meandering mess of a movie|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/love-story-review-a-meandering-mess-of-a-movie-121100101372_1.html|access-date=2022-01-13}}</ref> Writing for [[Idlebrain.com|''Idlebrain'']], Jeevi stated that "Songs and background music by Pawan Ch is the highlight of the film among the technical departments". He further wrote: "Background music helps in enhancing the emotions/mood of the scenes. The audiences who loved the youtube song of Saranga Dariya are in for a little disappointment (unlike Vachinde song from Fidaa) as you can’t completely enjoy the song as it comes in a tense moment of the film and is edited in a way to accommodate story-related scenes in between".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Love Story jeevi review - Telugu cinema review - Naga Chaitanya & Sai Pallavi|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/lovestory.html|access-date=2022-01-13|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref>

''[[The Hans India]]'' wrote. "Pawan Ch's music is a major advantage of the film. Already, the songs have become chartbusters and now, he scored brownie points with the background score. Vijay C Kumar's cinematography is beautiful".<ref>{{Cite web|last=hansindia|date=2021-09-24|title=Love Story Movie Review & Rating {3/5}|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/love-story-movie-review-rating-35-78454|access-date=2022-01-13|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=te}}</ref> Another critic, of ''[[Firstpost]]'', too praised Pawan's work and felt that "Pawan Ch’s music brings the story alive. Especially the background score. It mimics the heartbeats of a character in a tense moment, and it complements the spring in the hero’s steps when he is happy, and it does all this without bringing much attention to itself".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-24|title=Love Story movie review: Sekhar Kammula shows a mirror, but not sans his trademark style|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/love-story-movie-review-sekhar-kammula-shows-a-mirror-but-not-sans-his-trademark-style-9994721.html|access-date=2022-01-13|website=Firstpost|language=en}}</ref> [[Mallemala Entertainments|''123telugu'']] in their review, wrote that "The music by Pawan CH is amazing and his BGM was even more haunting. The songs drive the narrative and are placed perfectly in the second half. Choreography for [[Saranga Dariya]] is just amazing".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-25|title=Love Story Telugu Movie Review|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/love-story-telugu-movie-review.html|access-date=2022-01-13|website=123telugu.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Track listing ==
{{track listing
| headline = Original Motion Picture Track List
| lyrics2 = Mittapalli Surender
| total_length = 20:53
| title1 = Ay Pilla
| lyrics1 = Chaithanya Pingali
| extra1 = [[Haricharan]]
| length1 = 4:13
| all_writing =
| title2 = Nee Chitram Choosi
| extra2 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]]
| length2 = 4:22
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| length3 = 3:50
| title3 = [[Saranga Dariya]]
| lyrics3 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| extra3 = [[Mangli]]
| title4 = Evo Evo Kalale
| length4 = 4:30
| extra4 = [[Jonita Gandhi]], [[Nakul Abhyankar]]
| lyrics4 = [[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar]]
| title5 = Winner Winner Bro
| length5 = 3:58
| lyrics5 = [[Roll Rida]]
| extra5 = Abhijith Rao, [[Roll Rida]]
}}{{Track listing
| title1 = Mutyala Chemma Chakka Remix
| length1 = 1:33
| total_length = 22:36
| extra1 = [[Rakshita Suresh]]
| all_lyrics = [[Aarudhra]]
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Additional soundtrack
}}

== Controversy ==
In March 2021, singer Komali Tatte, who gathered and performed the [[Folk music|folk song]] "[[Saranga Dariya]]" on a television show years before the release of its theatrical version, stated that she wasn't credited in the lyrical video as promised.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sekhar Kammula clarifies on the Saranga Dariya folk song controversy - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sekhar-kammula-clarifies-on-the-saranga-dariya-folk-song-controversy/articleshow/81450630.cms|access-date=2021-04-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Director Kammula responded that Komala will be credited and compensated for the song.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-11|title='Will give credit to Komala': Director Shekar Kammula on 'Saranga Dariya' row|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/will-give-credit-komala-director-shekar-kammula-saranga-dariya-row-145010|access-date=2021-03-12|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2021 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:2020s film soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Telugu film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Romance film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Drama film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Aditya Music soundtracks]]

Mankapur Assembly constituency

2026-01-13T15:02:54Z

Saileshchauhan:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mankapur
| map_image = 300-Mankapur.svg
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Gonda district|Gonda]]
| reservation = SC
| type = SLA
| electors = 3,31,841
| constituency_no = 300
| mla = [[Ramapati Shastri]]
| party = [[BJP]]
| latest_election_year = 2017
}}
'''Mankapur''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Mankapur in the [[Gonda district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Gonda Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 300 amongst 403 constituencies.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<ref name="election1957">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3242-uttar-pradesh-1957/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=21 April 2023}}</ref>
| rowspan="2"|Raja Raghavendra Pratap Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<ref name="election1962">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3244-uttar-pradesh-1962/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=21 April 2023}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| 1964^
| rowspan="3"|[[Anand Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Kunwar Anand Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<ref name="election1967">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3246-uttar-pradesh-1967/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=27 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<ref name="election1969">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3247-uttar-pradesh-1969/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1969 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=27 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1972^
| Devendra Nath Mishra
|-
| [[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| Ram Garib<ref name="election1974">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3249-uttar-pradesh-1974/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1974 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Ganga Prasad<ref name="election1977">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3253-uttar-pradesh-1977/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Chhedi Lal<ref name="election1980">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3254-uttar-pradesh-1980/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<ref name="election1985">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3255-uttar-pradesh-1985/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="2"|Ram Vishun Azad
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<ref name="election1989">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3256-uttar-pradesh-1989/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| Chhedi Lal
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="4"|Ram Vishun Azad
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<ref name="election1996">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3259-uttar-pradesh-1996/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=18 March 2024}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party |rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]<ref name="election2002">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3260-uttar-pradesh-2002/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]<ref name="election2007">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3261-uttar-pradesh-2007/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
| [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| Babulal<ref name="election2012">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
| [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name="election2017"/>
|rowspan="2"|[[Ramapati Shastri]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|| [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
|}

^denotes by-poll

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mankapur<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ramapati Shastri]]
|votes = {{formatnum:105677}}
|percentage = 57.69
|change = +0.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Ramesh Gautam]]
|votes = {{formatnum:63328}}
|percentage = 34.57
|change = +20.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Shyam Narayan
|votes = {{formatnum:6579}}
|percentage = 3.59
|change = -20.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2291}}
|percentage = 1.25
|change = -0.32
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:42349}}
|percentage = 23.12
|change = -10.39
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:183192}}
|percentage = 55.2
|change = -1.11
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate [[Ramapati Shastri]] won in last Assembly election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate [[Ramesh Gautam|Ramesh Chandra Gautam]] by a margin of 60,161 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Mankapu<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ramapati Shastri
|votes = {{formatnum:102862}}
|percentage = 57.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ramesh Chandra
|votes = {{formatnum:42701}}
|percentage = 23.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ram Bishun Azad
|votes = {{formatnum:24695}}
|percentage = 13.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2769}}
|percentage = 1.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:60161}}
|percentage = 33.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:179521}}
|percentage = 56.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|27.05|82.21|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Gonda district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Vice admiral (India)

2026-01-10T06:58:52Z

Saileshchauhan:

{{Short description|Three-star flag officer rank in the Indian Navy}}
{{Infobox military rank
| name = Vice Admiral
| image = [[File:Vice Admiral ensign of Indian Navy.svg|150px|border]]
| image_size =
| caption = Flag of a Vice admiral
| image2 = [[File:13-Indian_Navy-VADM.svg|50px]] [[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-8.svg|50px]] [[File:IN SURG VADM.png|50px]] [[File:SURG SLEEVE VADM.png|50px]]
| image_size2 =
| caption2 = Rank insignia of a Vice Admiral and Surgeon Vice Admiral
| image3 = Vehicle star plate of Vice admiral (Indian Navy).svg
| image_size3 = 120px
| caption3 = Vehicle star plate of a Vice Admiral
| country = {{flag|India}}
| service branch = {{navy|India}}
| abbreviation = VAdm/ Surg VAdm
| rank = [[Three-star rank]]
| NATO rank =OF 8
| Non-NATO rank =
| formation =
| abolished =
| higher rank = [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]]
| lower rank = [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear admiral]]
| equivalents = [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant general]] ([[Indian Army]]) [[Air Marshal (India)|Air marshal]] ([[Indian Air Force]])
| history =
|rank group=Flag officer|native_name={{lang|hi|वाइस एडमिरल}}|pay grade=[[7th Central Pay Commission and Defence Forces|Pay level 15,16,17]]}}
'''Vice admiral''' is a [[Three-star rank|three-star]] [[flag officer]] rank in the [[Indian Navy]]. It is the second-highest active rank in the Indian Navy. Vice admiral ranks above the [[two-star rank]] of [[rear admiral]] and below the [[four-star rank]] of [[Admiral (India)|admiral]], which is held by the [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] (CNS).

The equivalent rank in the [[Indian Army]] is [[Lieutenant General (India)|lieutenant general]] and in the [[Indian Air Force]] is [[Air Marshal (India)|air marshal]]. Officers in the rank of vice admiral hold important appointments at the naval commands and at the naval headquarters.

==History==
[[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] [[Ram Dass Katari]] was the first Indian to be promoted to the rank of Vice admiral. On 22 April 1958, he took over as the first Indian [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] (CNS) and promoted to the substantive rank of [[Vice Admiral]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=136 |date=14 June 1958|url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1958/O-2068-1958-0024-93594.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>

From 1948 to 1968, the appointment of CNS, the professional head of the [[Indian Navy]] was held by a vice admiral. The position of the CNS was upgraded from vice admiral to [[Admiral (India)|admiral]] in 1968. The first officer to hold the rank was Admiral [[Adhar Kumar Chatterji]] who was promoted to the rank while he served as the CNS.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=245 |date=23 March 1968 |work=The Gazette of India}}</ref>

==Naval commanders (C-in-C grade)==
[[File:Vice Admiral Karambir Singh assumes the charge as the Vice Chief of Naval Staff, in New Delhi on May 31, 2016. The outgoing Vice Chief of Naval Staff, Vice Admiral P. Murugesan is also seen.jpg|thumb|300px|Vice Admirals [[Karambir Singh]] and [[Parasurama Naidu Murugesan|P N Murugesan]] in uniform]]
Senior vice admirals who are in the C-in-C grade (naval commanders), are considered to be in a grade higher than other vice admirals. They hold the senior-most appointments like the [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]] and the heads of the three naval commands (styled "flag officer commanding-in-chief"). The three FOC-in-C appointments are:

* [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command]]
* [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Naval Command]]
* [[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command]]

==Appointments==
At naval headquarters, the principal staff officers (PSO) are senior vice admirals. The Directors General and Controllers are also officers of the rank of vice admiral. The chiefs of staff of the Western Naval Command and the Eastern Naval Command are also vice admirals.

=== Indian Navy Medical Service ===
[[File:Surg VAdm Rajat Datta.jpg|thumb|Surgeon Vice Admiral Rajat Datta (Retd), a distinct [[Cardiothoracic surgery|Cardiothoracic surgeon]], he also held the highest office in AFMS, ie of [[Director General Armed Forces Medical Services (India)|DGAFMS]] from 2021 to 2023]]
Surgeon Vice Admirals in the Indian Navy serve mainly as Director General Medical Services (Navy), the highest ranking [[Physician|medical officer]] of the Navy, and they may also be appointed as [[Director General Armed Forces Medical Services (India)|Director General Armed Forces Medical Services]] (DGAFMS) when the post rotates to the Navy, they can also hold senior roles like Command Medical Officer in major commands or high-level tri-service medical staff appointments.

==Insignia==
The flag of a vice admiral has a gold-blue octagon bearing naval crest in the middle, and three blue stars placed vertically at hoist side.

The badges of rank have a crossed sword and baton over three eight-pointed stars and the [[State Emblem of India|Ashoka emblem]] above, on a golden shoulder board. A vice admiral wears [[gorget patches]] which are golden patches with three white stars. Naval commanders in the C-in-C grade have additional oak leaves under the three white stars. In addition to this, the double-breasted [[reefer jacket]] has three golden sleeve stripes consisting of a broad band with two narrower bands.

==Order of precedence==
A vice admiral in the C-in-C grade ranks at No. 23 on the [[Indian order of precedence]], along with lieutenant generals of the [[Indian Army]] and air marshals of the [[Indian Air Force]] in the C-in-C grade. The other vice admirals rank at No. 24 in the order of precedence.<ref name="rajyasabha">{{cite web |work=Office of the President of India |publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] |access-date=2010-08-05 |date=1979-08-26 |url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/guidline_govt_mp/chap11.pdf |title=President's Secretariat}}</ref>

Vice admirals in the C-in-C grade are at the apex pay scale (pay level 17), with a monthly pay of ₹225,000 (US$3,100). Other vice admirals, in the HAG+ pay scale (pay level 16) draw lesser, depending on the years in service. However, since they should not draw equivalent or more than the next higher level, the remuneration is capped at ₹224,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120092637/http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 November 2015 |date=20 November 2015 |access-date=2023-03-29 |title=Report of the Seventh Central Pay Commission}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=DelhiJune 29 |first1=India Today Web Desk New |last2=June 29 |first2=India Today Web Desk New |last3=Ist |first3=India Today Web Desk New |title=7th Pay Commission cleared: What is the Pay Commission? How does it affect salaries? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/7th-pay-commission-cleared-what-is-pay-commission-how-does-it-effect-our-pockets-16980-2016-06-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of serving admirals of the Indian Navy]]
* [[Naval ranks and insignia of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{citation|first1=Anup|last1=Singh|title=Blue Waters Ahoy!: The Indian Navy 2001-2010 |year=2018|isbn=978-9353025526|publisher= HarperCollins Publishers India}}

{{Military ranks by country}}
{{Indian Navy}}

[[Category:Military insignia|India Navy]]
[[Category:Indian Navy]]
[[Category:Military ranks of the Indian Navy]]
[[Category:Three-star officers]]

Patti

2025-12-31T03:47:50Z

Saileshchauhan: created a entry...

{{wiktionary|Patti|patti}}
'''Patti''' may refer to:
{{ToC right}}
==People==
* [[Patti (given name)]]
* [[Patti (surname)]]
* [[Patti caste]], a caste in Sri Lanka

==Places==
* [[Patti, Iran (disambiguation)]]
* [[Patti, Punjab]], India
** [[Patti, Punjab Assembly constituency]], India
* [[Patti, Sicily]]
* [[Patti, Uttar Pradesh]], India
** [[Patti, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency]], India
* [[Mount Patti]], Nigeria

==Music==
* [[Patti (album)|''Patti'' (album)]], a 1985 album by Patti LaBelle
* Sissieretta Jones, soprano and opera singer known as "[[The Black Patti]]"
* "Patti Rap", a song by [[A. R. Rahman]], [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Suresh Peters]] and Noel James from the 1994 Indian film [[Humse Hai Muqabala (soundtrack)|''Humse Hai Muqabala'']]

== Other ==

* [[Patti (subdivision)]], a traditional method of land division in [[Punjab]]

==See also==
*[[Pati (disambiguation)]]
*[[Pattie (disambiguation)]]
*[[Patty (disambiguation)]]
*[[Patta (disambiguation)]]
*[[Pettai (disambiguation)]]
*[[Petta (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation|geo}}

List of Yuva Puraskar winners for Bengali

2025-12-04T02:55:04Z

Saileshchauhan: expanded content per sources and added references

{{Short description|List of winners of a literary honor in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
'''[[Yuva Puraskar]]''' is given each year to young writers for their outstanding works in the 24 languages, since 2011.

== Recipients ==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Yuva Puraskar]] for their works written in [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. The award comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.<ref name="timesofindia-economictimes 2015">{{cite web |date=2015-11-19 |title=Some Sahitya Yuva Puraskar awardees 'condemn' intolerance |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-11-19/news/68412654_1_sahitya-akademi-religious-intolerance-young-writers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609175500/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-11-19/news/68412654_1_sahitya-akademi-religious-intolerance-young-writers |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 June 2016 |access-date=2016-05-05 |website=timesofindia-economictimes}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Author
! Work
! Type of Work
! Reference
|-
| 2011 || [[Binod Ghoshal]]|| ''Danawola Manus'' || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2012
| [[Sadique Hossain]] || ''Sammohan'' || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2013 || [[Subhro Bandopadhyay]] || ''Bouddho Lekhomala O Onyanyo Shraman'' || Poetry
|-
| 2014 || Abhimanyu Mahato || ''Mati'' (Earth) || Poetry || <ref>{{cite news |title=Poetry dominates Sahitya Akademi Yuva awards |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/poetry-dominates-sahitya-akademi-yuva-awards/article6342960.ece |work=The Hindu |date=22 August 2014 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Sudip Chakraborty || ''Premer Size Battirish'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2016 || Raka Dasgupta || ''Aparanha Downtown'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2017 || [[Shamik Ghosh]] || ''Elvis O Amolasundari'' || Short Stories ||
|-
| 2018 || Samragnee Bandyopadhyay || ''Khelnabatir Din Sesh'' || Poetry || <ref name="the quint">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal, Yuva Puraskar for 2018 |url=https://www.thequint.com/hotwire-text/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-yuva-puraskar-for-2018 |website=www.thequint.com |date=2018-06-22 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || Moumita || ''Kuntal Fire Ase'' || Novel ||
|-
| 2020 || Sayam Bandyopadhyay || ''Puranpurush'' || Novel ||
|-
| 2021 || Gourob Chakraborty || ''Sreeman Sonnet'' || Poetry || <ref>{{cite web |date=31 December 2021 |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2021 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021-megha-majumdar-7699167/ |publisher=indianexpress.com |access-date=3 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-30 |title=Sahitya Akademi Awards, Yuva Puraskar and Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2021 announced |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/sahitya-akademi-awards-yuva-puraskar-and-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021-announced/articleshow/88596074.cms |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=timesofindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-31 |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2021 |url=https://staging.theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021/792021/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=staging.theprint.in}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || Suman Patari || ''Likhe Kichu Hoy Na'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2023 || Hamiruddin Middya || ''Mathrakha'' || Short Stories ||<ref>{{cite web |date=23 June 2023 |title=Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar 2023|url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_YP-2023.pdf|access-date=27 June 2023|website=[[Sahitya Akademi]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || [[Sutapa Chakraborty]] || ''Deraje Halud Ful, Gatajanma'' || Poetry ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || Sudeshna Moitra || ''Ekrokha Chiruni Tollashi'' || Poetry ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-18 |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal Sahitya, Yuva Puraskar for 2025 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025/articleshow/121930724.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-06-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Bengali]]
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Bengali]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/yuva_samman_suchi.jsp Yuva Puraskar-Sahitya Akademi India - Official Website]
* [https://bestcurrentaffairs.com/sahitya-akademi-yuva-puraskar/ List of Yuva Puraskar Winners]

[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Awards established in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in India]]

Ka (Devanagari)

2025-11-30T04:06:47Z

Saileshchauhan: started basic info from scratch

{{For|an overview encompassing all Indic scripts|Ka (Indic)}}
{{Infobox grapheme
|name = Ka
|letter = क
|variations =
|script = [[Devanagari script]]
|type = [[Abugida]]
|language = [[Sanskrit]]
|phonemes={{flex list|width=2em|{{IPA|sa|kɐ|}}|}}
|unicode=U+0915
|usageperiod= 7th century
|fam1= [[File:Brahmi k.svg|20px|class=skin-invert-image]]
|fam2= [[File:Gupta allahabad k.svg|20px|class=skin-invert-image]]
|children={{flex list|
* ક
* 𑘎
}}
|direction=Left-to-Right
}}

'''Ka''' ('''क''' ''k'') (कवर्ण ''{{translit|sa|iso|kavarṇa}}'') is the first consonant of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter 𑀓 ([[Image:Brahmi k.svg|13px|ka|class=skin-invert-image]]), after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad k.svg|13px|class=skin-invert-image]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter '''ક''', and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘎.

==Usage==
In all languages, क is pronounced as {{IPA|hi|kə|}} or {{IPAblink|k}} when appropriate. In the following example, क implements its inherent vowel, the [[schwa]]:
*[[wikt:नक़ली#Hindi|नक़ली]] = ''naqali'' {{IPA|hi|nəqəliː|}} "fake"

In this example, क [[Schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages|deletes the inherent schwa]] for correct pronunciation:
*[[wikt:बक्वास#Hindi|बकवास]] = ''bakvās'' {{IPA|hi|bəkʋaːs|}} "nonsense"

[[File:Devanagari matras.svg|thumb|center|700px|क with vowel diacritics|class=skin-invert-image]]

Certain words that have been borrowed from [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Arabic]] implement the [[nukta]] to more properly approximate the original word. It is then transliterated as a ''q''.
*[[wikt:क़दम#Hindi|क़दम]] = ''qadam'' {{IPA|hi|qəd̪əm|}} "footstep"

===Conjuncts with क===
*क + त(t̪) gives us क्त kt̪ with a somewhat irregular form.
[[File:Devanagari ligature Kta.svg|120px|class=skin-invert-image]]
*क + ष(ʂ) gives us the fully ligated क्ष kʂ with a very irregular form.
[[File:Devanagari ligature Kssa.svg|100px|class=skin-invert-image]]
*ङ(ŋ) + क gives us the vertical conjunct ङ्क ŋk with the ङ placed above the क.
[[File:Devanagari ligature Ngka.svg|100px|class=skin-invert-image]]
*क + ख(kʰ) gives us क्ख kkʰ with the क placed above the ख.
*क + क gives us क्क with the क placed above another क.
[[File:Devanagari ligature Kka.svg|100px|class=skin-invert-image]]
*क + ल(l̪) gives us क्ल kl̪ with the क placed above the ल.
[[File:Devanagari ligature Kla.svg|100px|class=skin-invert-image]]
*क + व(ʋ) gives us क्व kʋ with the क placed above the व.
[[File:Devanagari ligature Kva.svg|100px|class=skin-invert-image]]
*क + न(n̪) gives us क्न kn̪ with the न rotated and placed under the hook of the क.
[[File:Devanagari ligature Kna.svg|100px|class=skin-invert-image]]
*क + र [ɾ] is a fully ligated (irregular) conjunct

==Mathematics==
{{See also|Indian mathematics}}
===Āryabhaṭa numeration===
{{Main|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}
[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to that of the Greeks, even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]].
The values of the different forms of क are:
*क {{IPA|sa|kɐ|}} = 1 (१)
*कि {{IPA|sa|kɪ|}} = 100 (१००)
*कु {{IPA|sa|kʊ|}} = 10,000 (१० ०००)
*कृ {{IPA|sa|kɽɪ|}} = 1,000,000 (१० ०० ०००)
*कॢ {{IPA|sa|klɪ|}} = 10{{e|8}} (१०८)
*के {{IPA|sa|keː|}} = 10{{e|10}} (१०१०)
*कै {{IPA|sa|kai|}} = 10{{e|12}} (१०१२)
*को {{IPA|sa|koː|}} = 10{{e|14}} (१०१४)
*कौ {{IPA|sa|kau|}} = 10{{e|16}} (१०१६)

==Tabla Strokes==
{{See also|Tabla}}

क (ka) also seen as कि (ki), or के (ke). This is usually a flat, nonresonant stroke of the left hand. The heel of the hand is left on the drum, while the hand rotates to hit the drum, with the focus of the force being focused between the tips and first joints of the fingers.

==Hindu astrology==
{{Main|Hindu Astrology}}
के (ke) is the abbreviation used for केतु ([[Ketu (mythology)|Ketu]]), the descending lunar node. In [[Hindu astrology]] Ketu represents karmic collections both good and bad, spirituality and supernatural influences. Ketu is associated with the [[Matsya]] [[Avatar]] (Fish Incarnation) of [[Vishnu]]. Ketu signifies the spiritual process of the refinement of materialization to spirit and is considered both malefic and benefic, as it causes sorrow and loss, and yet at the same time turns the individual to [[God in Hinduism|God]]. In other words, it causes material loss in order to force a more spiritual outlook in the person. Ketu is a ''karaka'' or indicator of intelligence, wisdom, non-attachment, fantasy, penetrating insight, derangement, and psychic abilities. Ketu is believed to bring prosperity to the devotee's family, removes the effects of snakebite and illness arising out of poisons. He grants good health, wealth and cattle to his devotees.

== See also ==
* [[Ka (Javanese)]]
* [[Ka (Egyptian soul)]], ancient Egyptian concept of spirit or soul

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Kurt Elfering: ''Die Mathematik des Aryabhata I. Text, Übersetzung aus dem Sanskrit und Kommentar''. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, München, 1975, {{ISBN|3-7705-1326-6}}
* Georges Ifrah: ''The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer''. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000, {{ISBN|0-471-39340-1}}.
* B. L. van der Waerden: ''Erwachende Wissenschaft. Ägyptische, babylonische und griechische Mathematik''. Birkhäuser-Verlag, Basel Stuttgart, 1966, {{ISBN|3-7643-0399-9}}
* {{Cite journal
| issn = 0035-869X
| pages = 109–126
| last = Fleet
| first = J. F.
| title = Aryabhata's System of Expressing Numbers
| journal = Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
| date = January 1911
| volume = 43
| doi = 10.1017/S0035869X00040995
| jstor = 25189823
}}
* {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S0035869X00040995| jstor = 25189823 | pages = 109–126 | volume = 43 | journal = The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland | title = Aryabhata's System of Expressing Numbers | publisher = Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland | year = 1911| last1 = Fleet | first1 = J. F.}}

{{Devanagari abugida}}

[[Category:Devanagari]]
[[Category:Indic letters]]

Kaatrukkenna Veli (TV series)

2025-11-19T04:56:32Z

Saileshchauhan: started a data w/ infobox

{{Short description|2021 Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = KaatrukkenaVeli.jpeg
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| channel = [[Star Vijay]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| writer = [[Leena Gangopadhyay]] (Dialogues) [[Sangeetha Mohan]] D.J. Dhanajayan
| producer =
| director = Francis Kathiravan (episodes 1–15) Chandrashekar V (episodes 16–235) Harish Adithya (episodes 236–644) P. Niravi Pandiyan (episodes 645–809)
| creative_director = Ramesh D. Aravind
| editor = P.Arunkumar
| company = Endemol Shine India (2021–2023) Box Office Studio & Sumukha Entertainment (2023)
| starring = Priyanka Kumar Swaminathan Anantharaman Darshan K. Raju
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 809<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-katrukenna-veli-completes-800-episodes/articleshow/103838502.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Katrukenna Veli' completes 800 episodes|date=21 September 2023|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2021|01|18}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2023|9|30}}
| image_alt =
| list_episodes =
| related = [[Mohor (TV series)|Mohor]]
| theme_music_composer = Kiran
| camera = [[Multi-Camera]]
}}

'''Kaatrukkena Veli''' ({{Translation|''What's the Need of a Fence for Air?''}}) is a 2021 Indian-[[Tamil language|Tamil]] language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] starring Priyanka Kumar with Swaminathan Anantharaman and Darshan K. Raju.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tv/news/vijay-tv-new-serial-kaatrukkenna-veli-episode-2-written-update/articleshow/80349974.cms|title=காற்றுக்கென்ன வேலி.. விஜய் டிவியின் புது சீரியல் எப்படி இருக்கு?|website=Samayam Tamil}}</ref> It is an official remake of [[Star Jalsha]] serial [[Mohor (TV series)|Mohor]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/sona-moni-saha-pratik-sen-starrer-mohor-remade-in-tamil/articleshow/80360492.cms|title=Sona Moni Saha-Pratik Sen starrer 'Mohor' remade in Tamil - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=20 January 2021 }}</ref> It premiered on 18 January 2021, and aired on [[Star Vijay]] and is also available on the digital platform [[Disney+ Hotstar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hotstar.com/us/tv/kaatrukkenna-veli/1260051971|title=Kaatrukkenna Veli Full Episode, Watch Kaatrukkenna Veli TV Show Online on Hotstar US|website=[[Hotstar]]}}</ref> before its telecast.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/shyamala-lambasts-vijay-tv-for-partial-treatment-to-her-show-kaatrukkenna-veli-4948268.html|title=Shyamala Lambasts Vijay TV For Partial Treatment To Her Show Kaatrukkenna Veli|date=6 April 2022|website=News18}}</ref> The series final episode was aired 30 September 2023 and ended with 809 episodes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-tv-show-kaatrukkenna-veli-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/103626328.cms|title=Tamil TV show 'Kaatrukkenna Veli' to go off-air soon|date=13 September 2023|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-tv-show-kaatrukkenna-veli-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/103354234.cms|title=Tamil TV show 'Kaatrukkenna Veli' end soon|date=4 September 2023|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/sep/04/tamil-serial-news-vijay-tv-kaatrukkenna-veli-serial-end-soon-like-pandian-stores-kanne-kalaimaane-4066793.html|title=பிரபல தொடர் விரைவில் முடிகிறது..|date=4 September 2023|website=www.dinamani.com}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Priyanka Kumar]] as Vennila Surya – Varadharajan and Vasuki's younger daughter; Sowmya and Vishnu's sister; Surya's student turned wife. (2021–2023)
* Darshan K. Raju / Swaminathan Anantharaman as Surya Mahadevan – Sharadha and Mahadevan's son; Meenakshi and Shivanantham's nephew/foster son; Abhi and Anandhi's cousin; Madhuvarshini's ex-fiancé; Vennila's economic professor turned husband (2021) / (2021–2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/surya-darshan-leaving-kaatrukkenna-veli-to-pursue-movie-career-say-reports-4356650.html|title=Surya Darshan Leaving Kaatrukkenna Veli To Pursue Movie Career, Say Reports|date=23 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tv/news/vijay-tv-kaatrukenna-veli-hero-darshan-k-raju-quits-serial-swaminathan-anantharaman-to-replace-him/articleshow/87205620.cms|title=விஜய் டிவியின் முக்கிய சீரியலில் ஹீரோ மாற்றம்! இனி இவர் தான் சூர்யாவாம்|date=}}</ref>
* [[Malavika Avinash]] / [[Jyothi Rai]] / Harsha Nair as Sharadha Mahadevan – Mahadevan's wife; Surya's mother; Vennila's mentor. (2021) / (2021–2023) / (2023)

=== Supporting ===
* Veena Venkatesh / Sujatha Panju as Meenakshi Shivanantham – Shivanantham's wife; Surya's aunt/foster mother. (2021; 2023) / (2021–2023) (Main Antagonist)
* Tarun Master as Shivanantham – Mahadevan and Vishwanathan's brother; Meenakshi's husband; Surya's uncle/foster father.
* Bhanu Prakash as Mahadevan – Shivanantham and Vishwanathan's brother; Sharadha's husband; Surya's father.
* Akshitha Ashok as Abhinaya "Abhi" Vishwanathan – Bhanumathi and Vishwanathan's elder daughter; Anandhi's twin sister; Surya's cousin (Antagonist)
* Preetha Reddy as Anandhi Vishwanathan – Bhanumathi and Vishwanathan's younger daughter; Abhi's twin sister; Surya's cousin.
* Aarthi Ramkumar<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actress-aarthi-ramkumar-receives-her-first-dose-of-covid-19-vaccine-says-stay-safe-and-get-vaccinated/articleshow/82372701.cms|title = Actress Aarthi Ramkumar receives her first dose of COVID-19 vaccine; says, "stay safe and get vaccinated" - Times of India| newspaper=The Times of India | date=4 May 2021 }}</ref> as Bhanumathi Vishwanathan – Vishwanathan's wife; Abhi and Anandhi's mother.
* Raj Khanna as Vishwanathan – Shivanantham and Mahadevan's brother; Bhanumathi's husband; Abhi and Anandhi's father. (Antagonist)
* [[Sridevi Ashok]] as Shyamala – Meenakshi and Shivanantham's daughter-in-law.
* Vetrivel as Inspector Anbucheziyan - Vennila's ex-fiance. (Antagonist)
* Reshmaa as Sowmya Madhavan – Varadharajan and Vasuki's elder daughter; Vishnu and Vennila's sister; Madhavan's wife. (Dead)
* Maanas Chavali as Madhavan – Maragathavalli's son; Sowmya's abusive husband and murderer. (Antagonist)
* Padmini as Vasuki Varatharajan – Varatharajan's wife; Sowmya, Vishnu and Vennila's mother.
* [[Nalinikanth]] as Varatharajan – Vasuki's husband; Sowmya, Vishnu and Vennila's father.
* [[P. R. Varalakshmi]] as Varatharajan's mother; Sowmya, Vishnu and Venneila's grandmother.
* Shammi as Maragathavalli – Madhavan's mother.
* Shyam Sundar as Madhavan's father.
* Dayana as Roopa – Vennila's college friend
* Raghavendran Puli / Chandru as Maaran – Vennila's college friend.
* Harishankar Narayanan as Seenu – Surya's best friend
* Gana Hari as Tamizh – Vennila's college friend
* Dhilip Kumar as Akash – Vennila's college friend

=== Cameo appearances ===
* [[Janani Ashok Kumar]] as Madhuvarshini – Surya's ex-fiancé (2021)
* [[Ashwini Aanandita]] as Shivani – Surya's colleague and one-sided lover (2023)
* Vinoth Babu as Vetri - a well known rowdy who intervenes to save Vennila from Inspector Anbu (2023)

==Production==
=== Development===
At the end of 2020, [[Star Vijay]] planned an official Tamil remake of [[Star Jalsha]]'s [[Bengali language]] series ''[[Mohor (TV series)|Mohor]]'' to be produced by Endemol Shine India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/new-twist-to-spice-up-mohors-storyline/articleshow/81775998.cms|title=New twist to spice up Mohor's storyline|newspaper=The Times of India |date=31 March 2021}}</ref>

===Casting===
Actors Darshan K. Raju and Priyanka Kumar were initially cast to fill the roles of the lead characters Surya Mahadevan and Vennila; however, Raju left the show in October 2021 and was replaced by Swaminathan Anantharaman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/change-in-timings-of-tamil-show-kaatrukkenna-veli-leaves-fans-disappointed-4562315.html|title=Change in Timings of Tamil Show Kaatrukkenna Veli Leaves Fans Disappointed|date=16 December 2021|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/surya-darshan-leaving-kaatrukkenna-veli-to-pursue-movie-career-say-reports-4356650.html|title=Surya Darshan Leaving Kaatrukkenna Veli To Pursue Movie Career, Say Reports|date=23 October 2021|website=News18}}</ref> The role of Surya's mother was initially given to [[Malavika Avinash]], who left in September 2021 and was replaced first by Jyothi Rai,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://astroulagam.com.my/entertainment/kaatrukkenna-veli-actress-changed-netizens-are-wondering-why-209324|title=Kaatrukkenna Veli Actress Changed; Netizens are Wondering Why!|date=4 September 2021|website=astroulagam.com}}</ref> then by Harsha Nair.

Veena Venkatesh was cast Meenakshi Shivanantham (Surya's aunt and foster mother), but tested positive for Covid-19 and was unable to complete filming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/ive-lost-two-serialsall-my-dreams-have-been-shattered-popular-actress-records.html#google_vignette|title="I'VE LOST TWO SERIALS...ALL MY DREAMS HAVE BEEN SHATTERED...": POPULAR SERIAL ACTRESS RECORDS HEARTBREAKING VIDEO!! DEETS|date=26 October 2021|website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://astroulagam.com.my/entertainment/i-have-lost-all-love-serial-actress-releases-emotional-video-after-losing-her-roles-228018|title="I Have Lost All This Love!" - Serial Actress Releases Emotional Video After Losing Her Roles!|date=27 October 2021|website=astroulagam.com}}</ref> [[Sridevi Ashok]] was cast as Shyamala.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sridevi-ashok-all-excited-about-her-new-show-kaatrukkenna-veli/articleshow/80329389.cms|title = Sridevi Ashok all excited about her new show Kaatrukkenna Veli| newspaper=The Times of India | date=18 January 2021 }}</ref>

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! style="background:#00cc00; width:15%;"| Language
! style="background:#00cc00; width:24%;"| Title
! style="background:#00cc00; width:22%;"| Original release
! style="background:#00cc00; width:12%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:#00cc00; width:12%;"| Last aired
! style="background:#00cc00; width:24%;"| Notes
|-
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|''[[Mohor (TV series)|Mohor]]'' মোহর
|28 October 2019
|[[Star Jalsha]]
|3 April 2022
|Original
|-
|[[Kannada]]
|''Sarasu'' ಸರಸು<ref>{{Cite news|title=TV serial 'Mohor' to be remade in Kannada|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/tv-serial-mohor-to-be-remade-in-kannada/articleshow/78928044.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 October 2020 }}</ref>
|11 November 2020
|[[Star Suvarna]]
|28 August 2021
|rowspan="6"|Remake
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|''[[Guppedantha Manasu]]'' గుప్పెడంత మనసు
|7 December 2020
|[[Star Maa]]
|31 August 2024
|-
|[[Hindi]]
|''[[Shaurya Aur Anokhi Ki Kahani]]'' शौर्य और अनोखी की कहानी
|21 December 2020
|[[StarPlus]]
|24 July 2021
|-
|[[Malayalam]]
|''[[Koodevide (TV series)|Koodevide]]'' കൂടെവിടെ
|4 January 2021
|[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|22 July 2023
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|''Kaatrukkenna Veli'' காற்றுக்கென்ன வேலி
|18 January 2021
|[[Star Vijay]]
|30 September 2023
|-
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|''[[Swabhiman – Shodh Astitvacha]]'' स्वाभिमान – शोध अस्तित्वाचा
|22 February 2021
|[[Star Pravah]]
|6 May 2023
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/kaatrukkenna-veli/1260051971 ''Kaatrukkenna Veli''] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
* {{IMDb title|15079900}}

{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}

[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:2021 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television series based on Bengali-languages television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Azhagiya Manavala Perumal Temple

2025-11-09T19:06:01Z

Saileshchauhan: New first place added tags

{{Short description|Perumal temple in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name =
| image = Nachiyar4.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|10.8269|N|78.6734|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Tiruchirapalli]]
| location = [[Uraiyur]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = {{Plainlist|
* Azhagiya Manavala Perumal ([[Vishnu]])
* Kamalavalli Nachiyar ([[Lakshmi]])
}}
| facade_direction =
| temple_tank =
| tower =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator = [[Cholas]]
| website =
}}

'''Azhagiya Manavalan Perumal Temple''' (also called '''Thirukozhi''' or '''Nachiyar Koil''') in [[Uraiyur]], a suburb [[Tiruchirappalli]] in the south Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], is dedicated to the Hindu God Azhagiya Manavalan ([[Vishnu]]) and Goddess Kamalavalli ([[Lakshmi]]). Constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]], the temple is glorified in the ''[[Divya Prabandha]]'', the early medieval [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] canon of the [[Alvars|Alvar]] saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 ''[[Divyadesam]]'' dedicated to [[Lakshmi Narayana]].

The temple is believed to have been built by the [[Medieval Cholas]] of the late 8th century CE, with later contributions from [[Pandyan Dynasty#Pandya revival (7th–10th centuries CE)|later Pandyas]], [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagar kings]] and [[Madurai Nayaks]]. As per Hindu legend, Azhagiya Manavalan appeared to Kamalavalli, the daughter of Chola king Nanda Cholan, in this place to marry her.

A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines and bodies of water. The temple has a five-tiered ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'', the temple's gateway tower. Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the chariot festival, celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Chittirai'' (March–April), is the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

== Legend ==
[[File:Nachiyar1.jpg|Legend of Nachiyar's marriage to Azhagiya Manavalar|thumb|200px|left]]
As per Hindu legend, the god [[Vishnu]] was pleased by the worship of the childless [[Chola]] king Nanda Chola. He blessed the king with a child that was an incarnate of [[Lakshmi]], his consort. The king found the child in a 1000 petal lotus tank while hunting in a forest. Since the child was born out of lotus, she was named Kamalavalli by the king. Time came when Kamalavalli fell in love with Vishnu in the form of [[Ranganatha]], the presiding deity of [[Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple]]. The Chola king readily got her married to Ranganatha, who appeared here as the groom. Since Vishnu appeared as Azhagiya Manavalan, meaning a beautiful groom, the temple built here is called Azhagiya Manavalan Temple.<ref name="iskcon"/><ref>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|ref=R.|pages=486–7r}}</ref> The event is celebrated as Serthi Sevai festival every year.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news|title=Re-enacting the celestial wedding|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/reenacting-the-celestial-wedding/article1567580.ece|work=The Hindu|last=S.|first=Prabhu|date=24 April 2011|access-date=2013-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=About the temple|url=http://www.woraiyurvekkaliamman.tnhrce.in/history-vekkaliamman.html|publisher=Temple administration, Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=2013-05-05}}</ref>

As per another legend, a fowl (called ''kozhi'' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]) and an elephant fought at this place, with the fowl victorious. Since the fowl won, the place came to be known as Kozhiyur. It has another name Nichulapuri. The temple is also believed to be the place where King Ravivarmaraja worshiped the presiding deity.<ref>{{cite book|title=South Indian Shrines: Illustrated|publisher=Asian Educational Services|page=533|last=Ayyar|first=P. V. Jagadisa|isbn=9788120601512|location=New Delhi|year=1982|ref=Ayyar}}</ref>

==History==
The temple is believed to be in existence much before the 7th century.<ref name="TN">{{cite web|title=Trichy Temples|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/trichytourism/other.htm|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=2013-09-09}}</ref>
The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. An Executive officer appointed by the Board manages the temple along with Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple, [[Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple]] at Thiruvellarai, [[Sri Vadivazhagiya Nambi Perumal Temple]] and Mariamman Temple at Anbil. Annadhanam scheme, which provides free food to devotees, is implemented in the temple by the Board. Under the scheme, free food is offered to hundred devotees every day in the temple and the expenditure is fully funded by the contributions from devotees.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Lord Sri Ranganatha Temple - a study|journal=Monthly Multidisciplinary Research Journal|last1=J.|first1=Sulochana Gandhi|last2=R.|first2=Soundarajan|pages=2–5|url=http://aygrt.isrj.net/UploadedData/1911.pdf|issn=2231-5063|volume=2|issue=7|date=January 2013|access-date=2013-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002140622/http://aygrt.isrj.net/UploadedData/1911.pdf|archive-date=2013-10-02|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Architecture==
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=right
|total_width=350
|width1=876| height1=657
|width2=3264| height2=2448
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Tirukozhi4.jpg
|image2=Nachiyar5.jpg
|footer=Pillared halls in the temple
}}
The temple has a five-tiered ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'' (gateway tower).<ref name="iskcon"/> The [[vimana (tower)|vimana]], is called Kamala Vimanam.<ref name="dinamalar"/> The central shrine has the image of Vishnu as Azhagiya Perumal in sitting posture. The shrine of the goddess Kamalavalli Nachiyar faces North and it is the only ''divyadesam'' where the presiding goddess has a north-facing shrine.<ref name="hindu"/><ref name="iskcon"/> There are separate shrines for the saints [[Ramanuja]] and [[Nammalvar]]. There are paintings on the inner walls of the shrine of the [[Alvars|Alvar]] saint Nammalvar. The temples were painted during the early 1800s and has images of [[Matsya]] and [[Narasimha]] [[avatar]]s of Vishnu, Vaishnava Acharyas, Alvars, Vaishnavite mythology, the law of justice and ''[[dharma]]'' as enunciated by [[Ambarisha]].<ref name="TN"/>

==Festivals and religious practices==
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=left
|total_width=350
|width1=3264| height1=2448
|width2=3264| height2=2448
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Nachiyar8.jpg
|image2=Nachiyar9.jpg
|footer=Paramapada Vasal and entrance of Tirupanazhwar shrine
}}
The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavaite]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed six times a day: ''Ushathkalam'' at 7 a.m., ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 p.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m., ''Irandamkalam'' at 7:00 p.m. and ''Ardha Jamam'' at 8:00 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Azhagiya Manavalan and Kamalavalli. During the last step of worship, ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the ''[[Vedas]]'' (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the [[Iconography of Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu#Dvajasthamba and Pali Peedam|temple mast]]. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite news|title=Sri Azhagia Manavalar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=168|newspaper=Dinamalar|access-date=2013-09-09}}</ref>

Serthi Sevai, the annual home coming festival is celebrated in the temple annually during the ''Ayilyam'' star in the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Panguni''. The festival is a part of the Panguni Uthiram festival of Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple, when the festival idol of Srirangam temple, Namperumal, is brought to the Nachiyar temple and the images of Nachiyar and Namperumal are adorned in the Serthi hall of the temple. Special rituals are performed during the occasion.<ref>{{cite news|title=Devotees throng Nachiyar temple to witness 'Serthi Sevai'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/devotees-throng-nachiyar-temple-to-witness-serthi-sevai/article3275734.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=3 April 2012|location=Tiruchi|access-date=2013-09-09}}</ref> The other major festivals celebrated in the temple are Dolostava, Vasanthothsava (spring festival) and [[Navaratri]].<ref name="iskcon">{{cite journal|title=Krishna Voice |pages=11–12 |url=https://www.iskconbangalore.org/sites/default/files/kv-March-2013.pdf |last=Dasan |first=Sampathkumar Ramanuja |volume=14 |issue=3 |date=March 2013 |publisher=Sankirthana Seva Trust |location=Bangalore |access-date=2013-09-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819024145/http://iskconbangalore.org/sites/default/files/kv-March-2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-08-19 }}</ref>

The temple is believed to be the birthplace of [[Thiruppaan Alvar]], one of the Alvar saints belonging to the 6th-8th centuries. In Srirangam Ranganthaswamy temple, a yearly birth festival of Thiruppaan is celebrated with [[Vishvarupa|Viswaroopa]] [[Darśana|darshan]] of Ranganatha at the sanctum on the occasion of his birthday. The festive idol of Thiruppaan is taken from the temple to Srirangam. Thiruppaan is accorded with grand honours called "Keezha Padi Honours". A ''Parivattam'' (silk turban) is tied on the Alvar's head, adorned with a garland, a shawl is wrapped around his shoulders and sacred sandal paste is handed to him, all of which are believed to bring a smile on the face of the Alvar. An hour later, the image of the Alvar is taken to Nammalvar shrine and then to the goddess shrine, with the chanting of ''Nalayira Divya Prabandham'' with the verses of the Alvar's work ''Amalanaathipiraan''. In the Azhagiya Manavala Perumal temple, a 10-day festival is celebrated in parallel that includes ''Araiyar sevai'', ''Veda Paaraayanam'' (reciting of ''[[Vedas]]''), special ''thirumanjanam'' (ablution) and procession inside the temple.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ranganatha suffered his pain|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/ranganatha-suffered-his-pain/article2778704.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 January 2012|access-date=2013-07-21|last=S.|first=Prabhu}}</ref>

==Religious significance==
[[File:Nachiyar10.jpg|200px|thumb|Entrance of the sanctum]]
The temple is revered in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by [[Kulashekhara Alwar|Kulasekara alvar]] in eleven hymns and [[Thirumangai Alvar]] in thirteen hymns. The temple is classified as a ''[[divyadesam]]'', one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book.<ref>{{cite news|title=Siva temple of yore |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/11/05/stories/2004110503201000.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629105912/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/11/05/stories/2004110503201000.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 June 2013|date=4 November 2004|last=V.|first=Ganapathy|work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2013-09-09}}</ref> The temple is counted as the second in the line of ''divyadesams'' after Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple.<ref name="TN"/> The temple is one of the few ''divyadesams'' where the goddess has prominence over Vishnu. Some of the other temples where such female dominance is observed are [[Srivilliputhur Divya Desam|Andal Temple]] at [[Srivilliputhur]], [[Nachiyar Koil]] and [[Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple]] in Thiruvellarai. During all festive occasions, the first rights are reserved for Nachiyar, who moves ahead, while the god follows her. The food served to Nachiyar is prepared with pepper instead of chillies.<ref>{{cite news|title=Unique drama unfolds during procession|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/unique-drama-unfolds-during-procession/article4244915.ece|last=S.|first=Prabhu|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 December 2012|access-date=2013-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Unique drama unfolds during procession|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040800110300.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125070614/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040800110300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 April 2005|access-date=2013-09-09}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090807033855/http://www.divyadesamonline.com/hindu/temples/trichy/tirukozhi-temple.shtml Sri Azhagiya Manavala Perumal Temple]
*[https://www.dinamalar.com/koil/248_alagimanavalan_uriyur_trichy.asp About the temple (in Tamil)]

{{Famous Vishnu temples}}
{{commons category|Sri Azhagiya Manavala Perumal Temple}}

[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Tiruchirappalli]]

Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission

2025-11-08T11:32:36Z

Saileshchauhan:

{{short description|State government agency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission
| native_name = मध्य प्रदेश लोक सेवा आयोग
| native_name_a = MPPSC
| native_name_r =
| type = [[Constitutional body]]
| seal =
| seal_caption =
| logo = Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission.png
| logo_caption =
| image =
| image_caption =
| formed = {{start date and age|df=yes|1956|11|01}}
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding1 =
| superseding2 = 
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]]
| headquarters = [[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| coordinates =
| motto = सत्यमेव जयते
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name =
| minister1_pfo =
| minister2_name =
| minister2_pfo = 
| deputyminister1_name =
| deputyminister1_pfo =
| chief1_name = RajeshLal Mehra<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amarujala.com/madhya-pradesh/appointment-rajesh-lal-mehra-appointed-as-chairman-of-madhya-pradesh-public-service-commission | title=RAJESH LAL MEHRA appointed as chairman of madhya pradesh public service commission}}</ref>
| chief1_position = ({{small|Chairman}}) Prabal Sipaha (IAS) ({{small|Secretary}}) Rakhi Sahay (IAS)({{small|Deputy Secretary}}) Chandrashekhar Raikwar ({{small|Member}}) Prof. Krishnakant Sharma({{small|Member}}) Prof. Narendra Kumar Koshti({{small|Member}})
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| chief3_name =
| chief3_position =
| public_protector =
| deputy =
| parent_department = [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]]
| parent_agency = General Administrative Department (GAD)
| child1_agency = [[RCVP Noronha Academy of Administration]]
| keydocument1 = 
| website = {{URL|https://mppsc.mp.gov.in//}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mppsc.mp.gov.in/uploads/files/Info_Official_Website_Dated_28_03_2022.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331084114/https://mppsc.mp.gov.in/uploads/files/Info_Official_Website_Dated_28_03_2022.pdf|archive-date=31 Mar 2022|title=Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission}}</ref>
| map =
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| map_caption = https://goo.gl/maps/qxjNYT7bQDm1NezT7
| footnotes =
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The '''Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission''' ('''MPPSC''')<ref name="UPSC 2017">{{cite web | title=State Public Service Commissions | website=UPSC | date=29 June 2017 | url=https://www.upsc.gov.in/external-links/state-public-service-commissions | access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref> is a [[government body]] of the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], established by the provisions of the [[Constitution of India]], responsible for recruiting candidates for various state government jobs through [[competitive examination]]s.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/madhya-pradesh-public-service-commission-mppsc-488068.html |title = Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission (MPPSC)}}</ref>

==History==
The history of MPPSC begins with the former state commission Madhya Bharat Commission which was working from 1954-1956. Following the reorganization of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state, the [[Public service commissions in India|new commission]] came into existence on 1 November 1956 under the Article 315 of the Constitution and Section 118 (3) of [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mppsc.nic.in/main_history.htm|title=www.mppsc.com|website=www.mppsc.nic.in}}</ref>

==Functions ==
The functions and duties of the commission are amended under the [[Forty-first Amendment of the Constitution of India]], Article 335 and 376 which grants the commission permission to perform specific functions in the state.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/490234/ | title=Article 355 in the Constitution of India 1949}}</ref>
*To make direct recruitments of government servants in the state.
*To make promotions of the state-level officers in any department.
*To make transfers in civil and departmental services from one department to another.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mppsc.nic.in/main_recruitment.htm |title = Functions}}</ref>
*
.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/articles/mppsc-notification-for-civil-services-exam-2019-1573797841-1|title=MPPSC Civil Services Exam 2019 Update: Registration Closing Today @mponline.gov.in, Check Direct Apply Link Here, 389 Vacancies|date=9 December 2019|website=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref>

== State Services Examination (SSE) ==
The '''State Services Examination (SSE)''' is a prestigious competitive exam conducted by the '''Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission (MPPSC)'''<ref name="UPSC 2017" /> for the recruitment of officers to various [[Public administration|administrative positions]] in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. The exam is held annually and is considered one of the most important exams for candidates seeking [[Government of India|government]] jobs in the [[States and union territories of India|state]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-05 |title=MPPSC 2025: Registration Begins For 158 Vacancies, Check Details |url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/mppsc-2025-registration-begins-for-158-vacancies-check-details-7402615 }}</ref>

The SSE exam consists of three stages:

* '''Preliminary Examination:''' This is the first stage of the exam and consists of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) covering General Studies, General Aptitude, and relevant subjects.<ref name=":1" />
* '''Mains Examination:''' Candidates who qualify the preliminary exam are eligible to appear for the mains examination, which is a written test. The Mains exam is usually subjective and tests the candidates' knowledge in various subjects, including General Studies, General Hindi, and specific subjects based on the candidate's choice.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-05 |title=MPPSC State Service Examination 2025 Notification: Apply Online, Important Dates, Eligibility, and Exam Date |url=https://parikshasathi.com/mppsc-state-service-examination-2025/}}</ref>
* '''Interview/Personality Test:''' The final stage of the exam is the interview, where candidates are assessed on their personality, communication skills, and suitability for the administrative roles.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

==Commission profile==
The Commission is headed by a Chairman, Secretary and other members for the specific roles.<ref>{{cite web |last=member |first=mppsc |date=17 August 2023 |title=mppsc member |url=http://mppsc.mp.gov.in/Member/Current}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Designation
|-
| Dr. Rajesh Lal Mehra<ref>{{Cite web |title=MADHYA PRADESH PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION |url=https://mppsc.mp.gov.in/Member/Chairman |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312012514/http://mppsc.mp.gov.in/Member/Chairman |archive-date=2023-03-12 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=mppsc.mp.gov.in |language=de}}</ref> [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]|| '''Chairman'''
|-
| Prabal Sipaha<ref>{{Cite web |title=MADHYA PRADESH PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION |url=https://mppsc.mp.gov.in/Member/Secretary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311193639/http://mppsc.mp.gov.in/Member/Secretary |archive-date=2023-03-11 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=mppsc.mp.gov.in |language=de}}</ref> [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]|| Secretary
|-
| Rakhi Sahay [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]|| Deputy Secretary
|-
|Shri Chandrashekhar Raikwar<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=MADHYA PRADESH PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION |url=https://mppsc.mp.gov.in/Member/Current |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311165114/http://mppsc.mp.gov.in/Member/Current |archive-date=2023-03-11 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=mppsc.mp.gov.in |language=de}}</ref>|| Member
|-
|Prof. Krishnakant Sharma<ref name=":3" />|| Member
|-
|Prof. Narendra Kumar Koshti<ref name=":3" />
|Member
|}

==See also==

* [[Public service commissions in India|List of Public service commissions in India]]
* Documentary Film "pradipti " by MPPSC<ref>{{citation |title=Documentary Film "प्रदीप्ति" by MPPSC | date=9 July 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0xZkoUsuvA |access-date=17 August 2023 }}</ref>

==References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.mppsc.nic.in/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416144928/http://www.mppsc.nic.in/ |date=16 April 2020 }}
{{Standardized tests in India}}
{{Public Service Commissions in India}}
{{Public Services of India}}
{{Indian military academies and colleges}}
{{Government of India |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Government of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:State agencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:State public service commissions of India]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Geetiara Safya Chowdhury

2025-10-27T21:10:00Z

Saileshchauhan: improved layout per standard format and fixed typos

{{short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Geetiara Shafia Choudhury
|office = Advisor of Caretaker Government
|term_start =
|term_end =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|birth_date =
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party =
}}

'''Geetiara Shafia Choudhury''' is a Bangladeshi businesswoman and former advisor of the caretaker government led by [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]]. She is the chairperson of [[ADCOMM]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Five Bangladeshi female mountaineers complete training |url=http://archive.dhakatribune.com/feature/2016/jul/20/five-bangladeshi-female-mountaineers-complete-training |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=14 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115131949/http://archive.dhakatribune.com/feature/2016/jul/20/five-bangladeshi-female-mountaineers-complete-training |archive-date=15 November 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Career==
In 1978, she became the first female member of the [[Dhaka Club]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/08/05/anniversary.htm |title=Aging Remarkably Well |last=Amin |first=Aasha Mehreen |date= |work=The Daily Star |access-date=2016-11-14 |archive-date=2016-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326105131/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/08/05/anniversary.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> She was an advisor of the caretaker government led by [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]]. She was in charge of the Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Textiles and Jute, Ministry of Social Welfare, and Ministry of Women and Children Affairs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Time for selling, delivary of AJM structures extended |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/05/16/d70516100390.htm |work=The Daily Star |access-date=14 November 2016 |archive-date=15 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115132129/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/05/16/d70516100390.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Govt to expedite efforts for empowering women: CA |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-14964 |work=The Daily Star |date=10 December 2007 |access-date=14 November 2016}}</ref>

==Personal life==
She is married to [[Nazim Kamran Choudhury]], a former member of parliament.<ref>{{cite news |title=Husband gets bail, Geeteara untraced |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/husband-gets-bail-geeteara-untraced |work=bdnews24.com |date=3 July 2009 |access-date=14 November 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Geetiara Safya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Advisers of caretaker governments of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Bangladesh-business-bio-stub}}

Holt Mackenzie

2025-10-23T13:47:54Z

Saileshchauhan: started new stub w/ infobox

{{Short description|British colonial administrator}}
'''Holt Mackenzie''', [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|PC]] (1786–1876) was a British colonial administrator in India.

The son of the Scottish writer [[Henry Mackenzie]], Holt Mackenzie and of Penuel, daughter of Sir Ludovich Grant of Grant. He obtained an [[East India Company]] writership in July 1807 and rose steadily until he retired to England in 1831. In India, he was instrumental for setting up the [[Mahalwari]] system of land revenue.

After returning to England, he became a member of the [[India Board|Board of Control]], and was sworn of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] in 1832. The same year, he stood unsuccessfully for [[Elgin Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)|Elgin Burghs]].

== References ==

* "Mr. Holt Mackenzie", ''The Times'', 3 April 1876, p. 4.

[[Category:British East India Company civil servants]]
[[Category:1876 deaths]]
[[Category:Scottish expatriate sportspeople in India]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] effects in

Unemployment in Kerala

2025-10-12T08:41:27Z

Saileshchauhan: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Short description|none}}
{{MOS|date=June 2021}}

'''Unemployment in Kerala''' discusses the causes and measures of [[Kerala]] [[unemployment]] and strategies for reducing it. Job creation and unemployment are affected by factors such as economic conditions, global competition, education, automation, and demographics. These factors can affect the number of workers, the duration of unemployment, and wage levels.

==Features==
===Demographic===
{{Main article|Demographics of Kerala}}
[[Kerala]] is a state on the southwestern [[Malabar Coast]] of [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Malabar-Coast |title=Malabar Coast – Britannica |website=www.britanicca.com}}</ref> It accounts for 1.18% of the total area of India as well as around 2.76% of its total population. With a density of 859 persons per km2, its land is nearly three times as densely settled as the national average of 370 persons per km2.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Size, Growth Rate and Distribution of Population |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter3.pdf |website=Census 2011 |publisher=Government of India |access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> In the state, the rate of population growth is India's lowest, and the decadal growth of 4.9% in 2011 is less than one third of the all-India average of 17.6%.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Kerala's population more than doubled between 1951 and 1991 by adding 15.6 million people to reach 29.1 million residents in 1991; the population stood at 33.3 million by 2011.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Kerala's coastal regions are the most densely settled with population of 2022 persons per km2, 2.5 times the overall population density of the state, 859 persons per km2, leaving the eastern hills and mountains comparatively sparsely populated.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.ncscm.org/cms/geo/pdf/research/kerala_fact_sheet.pdf |title=Shoreline change assessment for Kerala coast |publisher=National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment and Forests |author1=R Ramesh |author2=R Purvaja |author3=A Senthil Vel |access-date=30 May 2015 |archive-date=30 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204904/http://www.ncscm.org/cms/geo/pdf/research/kerala_fact_sheet.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kerala is the [[Urbanisation in India|second-most urbanised major state]] in the country with [[List of cities in Kerala by urban area growth|47.7% urban population]] according to the [[2011 Census of India]].<ref name="ubn">{{Cite web|url=http://mohua.gov.in/cms/level-of-urbanisation.php|title=Level of Urbanisation in Indian States|date=|website=mohua.gov.in|publisher=Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India}}</ref>

The state is a pioneer in many of the social development indices of India. Kerala has the lowest positive population growth rate in [[India]], 3.44%; the highest [[Human Development Index]] (HDI), 0.784 in 2018 (0.712 in 2015); the highest [[literacy]] rate, 96.2% in the 2018 literacy survey conducted by the National Statistical Office, India;<ref name="Literacy survey_2018">{{cite web |title=Literacy Survey, India (2017–18) |date=8 September 2020 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/at-96-2-kerala-tops-indias-literacy-rate-chart-again-andhra-pradesh-ranks-lowest-with-66-4-8796401.html |publisher=Firstpost |access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> the highest life expectancy, 77 years; and the highest sex ratio, 1,084 women per 1,000 men.<ref name="pc-census2011">{{cite web |title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban) |url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |website=planningcommission.gov.in |publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India |access-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kerala is the [[List of Indian states and union territories by poverty rate|second-least impoverished state]] in India according to the Annual Report of [[Reserve Bank of India]] published in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Table 162, Number and Population Below Poverty Line|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=16603|year=2013|publisher=Reserve Bank of India, Government of India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602074949/https://www.rbi.org.in/SCRIPTs/PublicationsView.aspx?id=16603|archive-date=June 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=SDGs India Index | url=https://sdgindiaindex.niti.gov.in/#/ranking | date=31 December 2019}}</ref> The state topped in the country to achieve the [[Sustainable Development Goals]] according to the annual report of [[NITI Aayog]] published in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kerala tops sustainable development goals index|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/kerala-tops-sustainable-development-goals-index-11577729046641.html|last=Gireesh Chandra Prasad|date=30 December 2019|access-date=4 December 2020|work=Livemint}}</ref>

===Economic===
{{Main article|Economy of Kerala}}
Kerala's economy is primarily based on the concept of "[[democratic socialism|democratic socialist]] [[welfare state]]".<ref>{{Cite news|title=A virus, social democracy, and dividends for Kerala|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-virus-social-democracy-and-dividends-for-kerala/article31370554.ece|last=Heller|first=Patrick|date=18 April 2020|access-date=2 February 2021|work=The Hindu}}</ref> Some, such as Financial Express, use the term "Money Order Economy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/cashing-out-of-the-money-order-economy/242464/|title=Cashing out of the money order economy|date=23 November 2007 }}</ref> The [[economy of Kerala]] significantly depends upon its [[Tertiary sector of the economy|service sector]]. In 2019–20, the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|service sector]] contributed around 63% of the state's [[Gross value added|GSVA]], compared to 28% by [[Secondary sector of the economy|industrial sector]], and 8% by [[Primary sector of the economy|agricultural sector]].<ref name="eco">{{Cite book|title=Economic Review 2020 – Volume I|last=Government of Kerala|publisher=Kerala State Planning Board|year=2021|location=Thiruvananthapuram|url=https://spb.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-01/English-Vol-1_0.pdf|archive-date=2021-05-02|access-date=2021-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502171017/https://spb.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-01/English-Vol-1_0.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the period between 1960 and 2020, Kerala's economy was gradually shifting from an agrarian economy into a service-based one.<ref name="eco"/> Only 27.3% of the families in Kerala depend upon agriculture for their livelihood, which is also the least corresponding rate in India.{{sfn|Chandran|2018|p=406}} In 2015–16 the figures were 63.66% for service sector, 24.27% for industrial sector, and 12.07% for agricultural sector.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|url=http://slbckerala.com/Economy.aspx|title=Economy of Kerala – 2016|website=slbckerala.com|access-date=2021-06-19|archive-date=2021-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628012213/http://slbckerala.com/Economy.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> The state's per-capita income is much higher than the national average of India. This has fuelled internal migration to Kerala for low-end jobs, even as Keralites have emigrated—mostly to the Gulf countries—in search of better-paying jobs. The Kerala Economy is therefore also largely dependent on trade in services and resulted [[remittances]].<ref name="abroad">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/07/world/asia/07migrate.html?_r=1&pagewanted=1|title=Jobs Abroad Support 'Model' State in India|work=The New York Times| first=Jason | last=Deparle | date=7 September 2007 | access-date=1 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="rem1">{{cite web |url=http://ideas.repec.org/p/ind/cdswpp/328.html|title=Kerala's Gulf connection: Emigration, remittances and their macroeconomic impact 1972–2000|year=2002|author=K.P. Kannan, K.S. Hari|work=Centre for Development Studies, Trivendrum Working Papers }}</ref><ref name="rem2">{{cite web|url=http://www.iss.nl/content/download/8303/81035/file/Panel%202_Rajan.pdf|title=Remittances and its impact on the Kerala Economy and Society|year=2007|author=S Irudaya Rajan, K.C. Zachariah|access-date=2 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225101006/http://www.iss.nl/content/download/8303/81035/file/Panel%202_Rajan.pdf|archive-date=25 February 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2012, the state was the highest receiver of overall [[remittances to India]] which stood at Rs. 499.65 billion (31.2% of the state's GDP), followed by [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=hin12>{{cite news | title = NRIs beat FDI, keep the money coming |newspaper= Hindustan Times| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/nris-beat-fdi-keep-the-money-coming/article1-941337.aspx | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140313025252/http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/nris-beat-fdi-keep-the-money-coming/article1-941337.aspx | url-status = dead | archive-date = March 13, 2014 |date=8 October 2012| access-date = 2014-07-09}}</ref>

The state's [[Tertiary sector of the economy|service sector]] which accounts for around 65% of its revenue is mainly based upon its [[hospitality industry]], [[Tourism in Kerala|tourism]], [[ayurveda]] and medical services, pilgrimage, [[information technology]], [[Roads in Kerala|transportation]], financial sector, and [[Education in Kerala|education]].<ref name=":15"/> Major initiatives under the industrial sector include [[Cochin Shipyard]], shipbuilding, oil refinery, software industry, coastal mineral industries,{{sfn|Chandran|2018|p=343}} food processing, marine products processing, and rubber-based products. The primary sector of the state is mainly based upon [[cash crop]]s.{{sfn|Chandran|2018|p=409}} Kerala produces a significant amount of national output of the cash crops such as [[coconut]], [[tea]], [[coffee]], [[Malabar pepper|pepper]], [[natural rubber]], [[cardamom]], and [[cashew]] in India.{{sfn|Chandran|2018|p=409}} The cultivation of food crops began to reduce since the 1950s.{{sfn|Chandran|2018|p=409}} The [[migrant labourers in Kerala]] are a significant [[workforce]] in its industrial and agricultural sectors. Being home to only 1.18% of the total land area of India and 2.75% of its population, Kerala contributes more than 4% to the [[gross domestic product]] of India.

==Unemployment rate==
{{See also|Unemployment in India}}
The [[Unemployment]] rate of Kerala is higher than the national average of India.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|url=https://spb.kerala.gov.in/economic-review/ER2017/web_e/ch412.php?id=41&ch=412|title=Human Resources- Employment (2017)|website=spb.kerala.gov.in|publisher=Kerala State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram}}</ref> The rate among youth between 15 and 29 years of age stood at 40.5% in Kerala between January and March 2020 as per the ''Periodic Labour Force Survey'' (PLFS) published by the [[Government of India]].<ref name="TNIE">{{Cite news|title=Anger of the jobless in Kerala|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/editorials/2021/feb/20/anger-of-thejobless-in-kerala-2266400.html|last=|date=20 February 2021|access-date=19 June 2021|publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref> However the national rate was only 21%, according to the survey released on 31 December 2020.<ref name="TNIE"/> The PLFS defines unemployment as "The percentage of people unemployed of the total available labour force, both employed and unemployed."<ref name="TNM"/> Overall unemployment rate of Kerala in 2018-19 was 9% according to the PLFS report compared to the national average of 5.8%.<ref name="plfs_19"/>{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=377}} In 2017–18, the [[unemployment]] rate of Kerala stood at 11.4% while that of India was 6.1%.<ref name="plfs_18"/>{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=377}} The Economic Review Report tabled in the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] revealed that the corresponding rate among youth was around 36% in 2018–19, which was again more than twice the national average rate of 17%.<ref name="TNM">{{Cite news|title=Kerala's unemployment rate among youth rises to 40.5%: Here's why|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kerala-s-unemployment-rate-among-youth-rises-405-here-s-why-143614|last=Kuttappan|first=Rejimon|date=17 February 2021|access-date=19 June 2021|work=The News Minute}}</ref> However, [[Demographics of Kerala|rural-urban divide]] is not seen in the unemployment rate of Kerala, much like that of the other indices of the state, and unlike most of the other states of India. The rural rate among youth between 15 and 29 years of age stood at 35.8% while its urban counterpart was 34.6% in 2018–19.<ref name="TNM"/>

==Structure of unemployment==
The structure of unemployment and job seekers in the southwestern state of [[Kerala]] varies significantly from the rest of [[India]]. K. P. Kannan, a development economist in Kerala, calls it as '''Educated Unemployment''', in which '''a person can't find desired job according to his educational qualification'''.<ref name="TNM"/> Other varying factor of Kerala with respect to rest of India is the higher number of female job seekers with respect to its male counterpart.

===Genderwise distribution===
The genderwise distribution of job seekers in Kerala differ significantly from that of the rest of India. '''More than 60% of the total job seekers in Kerala are women''', with most of them are well-educated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://employment.kerala.gov.in/statistics/|title=Employment statistics|website=employment.kerala.gov.in|publisher=Government of Kerala}}</ref> It is also seen that the unemployment rate among the women job seekers is much higher than that among the male job seekers.<ref name=":17"/> A comparison among the unemployment rate of men and women of Kerala and India of the age group 15–29 in the year 2011–12 is given below:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
|+Unemployment Rate of the Youth (Age group: 15–29) in Kerala and India (2011–12)<ref name=":17"/>
|-
| colspan="6" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Rural'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Urban'''
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Male'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Female'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Total'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Male'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Female'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Total'''
|-
! Kerala
! India
! Kerala
! India
! Kerala
! India
! Kerala
! India
! Kerala
! India
! Kerala
! India
|-
| 9.7%
| 5.0%
| '''47.4%'''
| '''4.8%'''
| 21.7%
| 4.9%
| 8.4%
| 8.1%
| 28.9%
| 13.1%
| 18.0%
| 9.2%
|}

===Educational qualification===
In Kerala, the unemployment rate is higher for those who have higher educational qualifications.<ref name=":17"/><ref name="TNM"/> The rate is much higher for those who are graduates.<ref name=":17"/> Around 25% of the [[Postgraduate education|Postgraduates]] are unemployed while nearly 17% of each of those who have attained either a technical degree or vocational training are unemployed.<ref name=":17"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
|+Unemployment rate by Skill in Kerala (15 years and above)<ref name=":17"/>
|-
! General education
! Rate of Unemployment
! Vocational Training
! Rate of Unemployment
|-
| Not Literate
| 4.6%
| Formal
| 14.9%
|-
| Just Literate
| 4.1%
| Informal
| 3.5%
|-
| '''Primary'''
| '''2.4%'''
| No Training
| 9.7%
|-
| Middle
| 4.1%
| Graduate
| 16.2%
|-
| Secondary
| 10.2%
| Diploma
| 20.3%
|-
| Higher Secondary
| 18.8%
| '''Post Graduate Diploma'''
| '''25.7%'''
|-
| Graduate
| 20.0%
| No Qualification
| 7.7%
|-
| Post-Graduate
| 23.3%
|
|
|}

==Statistics==
===Terms and definitions===
* '''Usual Status''':The activity status determined on the basis of the reference period of last 365 days preceding the date of survey.<ref name="pib"/>
* '''Currently Week Status (CWS)''':The activity status determined on the basis of a reference period of last 7 days preceding the date of survey.<ref name="pib"/>

===Labour Force Participation Rate===
LFPR is defined as the ratio of the section of working-age population currently employed or seeking employment to the total [[Working age|working-age population]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/Labour-Force-Participation-Rate|title=Definition of Labour Force Participation Rate|website=|publisher=Economic Times}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
|+Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) according to Usual Status - 2017-18 and 2018-19 (In %){{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=364}}<ref name="plfs_19">{{Cite book|title=Annual Report of Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) - 2018-19|last=Sadhu|first=Asit Kumar|publisher=National Statistical Office, Ministry of Statistics and Implementation, Government of India|year=2020|location=New Delhi|url=http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual_Report_PLFS_2018_19_HL.pdf}}</ref><ref name="plfs_18">{{Cite book|title=Annual Report of Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) - 2017-18|last=Poddar|first=Jyotirmoy|publisher=National Statistical Office, Ministry of Statistics and Implementation, Government of India|year=2019|location=New Delhi|url=http://www.mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202017-18_31052019.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Sl.no'''
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Age group'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Rural'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Urban'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Total'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Rural'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Urban'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Total'''
|-
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
|-
!
!
! colspan="9"| Kerala 2017-18
! colspan="9"| India 2017-18
|-
! 1
| 15–29 years
| '''55.1'''
| '''20.8'''
| 37.2
| 48.4
| 27.6
| 37.8
| 52.2
| 23.6
| 37.4
| '''58.9'''
| '''15.9'''
| 38.1
| 58.5
| 17.5
| 38.5
| 58.8
| 16.4
| 38.2
|-
! 2
| 15–59 years
| '''79.5'''
| '''31.1'''
| 53.6
| 78.1
| 33.0
| 53.6
| 78.9
| 31.9
| 53.6
| '''80.2'''
| 26.6
| 53.6
| 80.1
| '''22.3'''
| 51.6
| 80.2
| 25.3
| 53.0
|-
! 3
| 15 years and above
| '''71.1'''
| '''25.9'''
| 46.6
| 68.9
| 27.3
| 46.4
| 70.1
| 26.5
| 46.5
| '''76.4'''
| 24.6
| 50.7
| 74.5
| '''20.4'''
| 47.6
| 75.8
| 23.3
| 49.8
|-
! 4
| All ages
| '''54.1'''
| '''20.7'''
| 36.4
| 53.6
| 22.1
| 36.8
| 53.9
| 21.3
| 36.6
| '''54.9'''
| 18.2
| 37.0
| 57.0
| '''15.9'''
| 36.8
| 55.5
| 17.5
| 36.9
|-
!
!
! colspan="9"| Kerala 2018-19
! colspan="9"| India 2018-19
|-
! 1
| 15–29 years
| 43.3
| '''23.0'''
| 32.9
| '''51.6'''
| 29.1
| 39.9
| 47.0
| 25.8
| 36.0
| '''58.8'''
| '''15.8'''
| 37.8
| 58.6
| 17.1
| 38.7
| 58.8
| 16.2
| 38.1
|-
! 2
| 15–59 years
| 76.5
| 35.5
| 54.6
| '''79.9'''
| '''35.0'''
| 55.4
| 78.1
| 35.2
| 55.0
| '''80.6'''
| 28.3
| 54.5
| 79.6
| '''22.5'''
| 51.6
| 80.3
| 26.5
| 53.6
|-
! 3
| 15 years and above
| 71.0
| 31.3
| 49.7
| '''71.4'''
| '''29.7'''
| 48.8
| 71.2
| 30.6
| 49.3
| '''76.4'''
| 26.4
| 51.5
| 73.7
| '''20.4'''
| 47.5
| 75.5
| 24.5
| 50.2
|-
! 4
| All ages
| '''56.9'''
| 25.0
| 39.7
| 56.3
| '''24.2'''
| 39.2
| 56.6
| 24.6
| 39.5
| 55.1
| 19.7
| 37.7
| '''56.7'''
| '''16.1'''
| 36.9
| 55.6
| 18.6
| 37.5
|}
†'''M:Male, F:Female, P:Person'''

===Worker Population Ratio===
WPR is defined as the percentage of employed persons in the population.<ref name="pib">{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1629366|title=Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) – Annual Report [July, 2018 – June, 2019]|date=2020-06-04|access-date=2021-06-20|website=pib.gov.in|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
|+Worker Population Ratio in Kerala and India - 2018–19 (in %){{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=364}}<ref name="plfs_19"/>
|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Male'''
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Female'''
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Person'''
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''15–29 years'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''15–59 years'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''15 years and above'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''All ages'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''15–29 years'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''15–59 years'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''15 years and above'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''All ages'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''15–29 years'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''15–59 years'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''15 years and above'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''All ages'''
|-
! K
! I
! K
! I
! K
! I
! K
! I
! K
! I
! K
! I
! K
! I
! K
! I
! K
! I
! K
! I
! K
! I
! K
! I
|-
| 36.1
| 48.6
| '''73.5'''
| '''75.1'''
| 67.7
| 71.0
| 53.8
| 52.3
| '''11.5'''
| '''13.3'''
| 28.5
| 25.0
| 25.3
| 23.3
| 20.4
| 17.6
| 23.4
| 31.5
| 49.3
| 50.3
| 44.9
| 47.3
| 35.9
| 35.3
|}
†'''K:Kerala, I:India'''

===Average wage earnings per day===
{{See also|Migrant labourers in Kerala}}
Kerala offers the best wages in unorganised sector among the subnational entities of [[South Asia]], which might be a pull factor for the [[migrant labourers in Kerala]]. According to the India Wage Report prepared by [[International Labour Organization]] in 2018, the states with the consistent highest casual wages in both rural and urban areas are [[Kerala]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Punjab]], and [[Haryana]].{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=365}} The existing wages for casual workers in Kerala are around 65% higher than that of India.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=365}} It is notable that the wage rates for women in Kerala is 50% more than that of their counterparts in India.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=365}} However, it is much lesser than their male counterparts in Kerala.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=365}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
|+Average wage earnings per day from casual labour work other than public works in Currently Week Status (CWS) for Kerala and India, in ₹{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=365}}<ref name="plfs_19"/><ref name="plfs_18"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Period'''
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''K/I'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Rural'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Urban'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Total'''
|-
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
|-
| rowspan="2"| '''July–September 2018'''
! Kerala
| 641.83
| '''357.79'''
| 598.79
| '''710.13'''
| 422.76
| 676.4
| 664.82
| 375.6
| 624.23
|-
! India
| 276.92
| '''170.1'''
| 253.93
| '''342.15'''
| 204.73
| 319.3
| 287.88
| 174.54
| 264.38
|-
| rowspan="2"| '''October–December 2018'''
! Kerala
| 659.41
| 377.8
| 605.64
| '''678.44'''
| '''365.85'''
| 649.06
| 666.26
| 375.43
| 620.16
|-
! India
| 286.84
| '''185.64'''
| 264.63
| '''348.76'''
| 226.25
| 331.24
| 297.86
| 190.26
| 275.59
|-
| rowspan="2"| '''January–March 2019'''
! Kerala
| 677.53
| 403.4
| 651.61
| '''684.01'''
| '''332.02'''
| 649.73
| 680.07
| 374.84
| 650.87
|-
! India
| 287.36
| '''190.23'''
| 267.42
| '''357.53'''
| 220.22
| 339.15
| 299.08
| 193.44
| 278.56
|-
| rowspan="2"| '''April–June 2019'''
! Kerala
| '''732.17'''
| 388.32
| 697.18
| 680.32
| '''372.25'''
| 648.27
| 710.77
| 381.59
| 676.96
|-
! India
| 297.44
| '''199.24'''
| 278.62
| 367.65
| 244.15
| '''351.82'''
| 309.77
| 204.49
| 290.7
|}
†'''M:Male, F:Female, P:Person'''

===Unemployment rate===
It is the percentage of persons unemployed among the persons in the labour force.<ref name="pib"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
|+Unemployment Rate in Kerala and India - 2017-18 and 2018-19 (in %){{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=366}}<ref name="plfs_19"/><ref name="plfs_18"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Sl.no'''
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Age group'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Rural'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Urban'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Total'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Rural'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Urban'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Total'''
|-
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''M'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''F'''
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''P'''
|-
!
!
! colspan="9"| Kerala 2017-18
! colspan="9"| India 2017-18
|-
! 1
| 15–29 years
| '''20.5'''
| 61.7
| 32.5
| 27.4
| '''65.2'''
| 41.5
| 23.3
| 63.4
| 36.3
| 17.4
| 13.6
| 16.6
| '''8.7'''
| '''27.2'''
| 20.6
| 17.8
| 17.9
| 17.8
|-
! 2
| 15–59 years
| '''6.6'''
| 21.3
| 11.2
| 7.5
| '''29.0'''
| 14.7
| 7.0
| 24.8
| 12.7
| 6.3
| '''4.0'''
| 5.7
| 7.3
| '''11.3'''
| 8.2
| 6.6
| 6.0
| 6.5
|-
! 3
| 15 years and above
| '''5.9'''
| 19.6
| 10.0
| 6.6
| '''27.4'''
| 13.2
| 6.2
| 23.2
| 11.4
| 5.7
| '''3.8'''
| 5.3
| 6.9
| '''10.8'''
| 7.7
| 6.1
| 5.6
| 6.0
|-
! 4
| All ages
| '''5.9'''
| 19.6
| 10.0
| 6.6
| '''27.5'''
| 13.2
| 6.2
| 23.2
| 11.4
| 5.8
| '''3.8'''
| 5.3
| 7.1
| '''10.8'''
| 7.8
| 6.2
| 5.7
| 6.1
|-
!
!
! colspan="9"| Kerala 2018-19
! colspan="9"| India 2018-19
|-
! 1
| 15–29 years
| 23.4
| '''57.8'''
| 35.8
| '''23.1'''
| 53.1
| 34.6
| 23.3
| 55.4
| 35.2
| 16.6
| '''13.8'''
| 16.0
| 18.7
| '''25.7'''
| 20.2
| 17.2
| 17.7
| 17.3
|-
! 2
| 15–59 years
| '''5.6'''
| 17.8
| 9.9
| 6.0
| '''20.7'''
| 11.0
| 5.8
| 19.1
| 10.4
| 6.0
| '''3.8'''
| 5.4
| 7.4
| '''10.3'''
| 8.3
| 8.0
| 5.5
| 6.2
|-
! 3
| 15 years and above
| '''4.7'''
| 15.6
| 8.4
| 5.2
| '''18.8'''
| 9.7
| 4.9
| 17.0
| 9.0
| 5.5
| '''3.5'''
| 5.0
| 7.0
| '''9.8'''
| 7.6
| 6.0
| 5.1
| 5.8
|-
! 4
| All ages
| '''4.7'''
| 15.6
| 8.4
| 5.2
| '''18.8'''
| 9.7
| 5.0
| 17.1
| 9.0
| 5.6
| '''3.5'''
| 5.0
| 7.1
| '''9.9'''
| 7.7
| 6.0
| 5.2
| 5.8
|}
†'''M:Male, F:Female, P:Person'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
|+Unemployment rate in Kerala - 2018–19, both Usual Status and Currently Week Status (in %){{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=378}}<ref name="plfs_19"/>
|-
| colspan="6" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Rural'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Urban'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Total'''
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Male'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Female'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Person'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Male'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Female'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Person'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Male'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Female'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Person'''
|-
! ps+ss
! CWS
! ps+ss
! CWS
! ps+ss
! CWS
! ps+ss
! CWS
! ps+ss
! CWS
! ps+ss
! CWS
! ps+ss
! CWS
! ps+ss
! CWS
! ps+ss
! CWS
|-
| '''4.7'''
| 8.0
| 15.6
| 19.0
| 8.4
| 11.6
| 5.2
| 7.9
| 18.8
| '''20.9'''
| 9.7
| 12.1
| 4.9
| 8.0
| 17.0
| 19.8
| 9.0
| 11.8
|}
†'''ps+ss:Usual Status, CWS:Currently Week Status'''

===Distribution of employment===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
|+Employment in the Organised Sector-Kerala (in [[Lakh]]){{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=380}}
|-
! Sector
! 2010
! 2011
! 2012
! 2013
! 2014
! 2015
! 2016
! 2017
! 2018
! 2019
! 2020
|-
| bgcolor="#FE6F5E" |'''Public'''
| 6.1
| 6.1
| 5.8
| 5.7
| 5.8
| 5.7
| 5.6
| 5.6
| 5.5
| 5.6
| 5.5
|-
| bgcolor="#97BC62FF" |'''Private'''
| 5.0
| 5.0
| 5.1
| 5.2
| 5.5
| 5.7
| 6.1
| 6.1
| 6.6
| 6.9
| 6.9
|}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = '''Distribution of Employment in Public Sector (2020)'''{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=380}}
|label1 = [[Government of India|Central Government]]
|value1 = 11
|color1 = Yellow
|label2 = [[Government of Kerala|State Government]]
|value2 = 47
|color2 = Red
|label3 = Central Quasi Government
|value3 = 15
|color3 = Dodgerblue
|label4 = State Quasi Government
|value4 = 23
|color4 = Green
|label5 = [[Local government in Kerala|Local Self Government Institutions]]
|value5 = 4
|color5 = Purple
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
|+Women Participation in Public Sector Employment in 2019-20{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=381}}
|-
! Sl.no
! Branch
! No. of Women Employed
! Share (%)
|-
| 1
| State Government
| 104,628
| 54.2
|-
| 2
| State Quasi Government Sector
| 38,666
| 20.0
|-
| 3
| Central Government
| 14,745
| 7.6
|-
| 4
| Central Quasi Government Sector
| 25,968
| 13.4
|-
| 5
| Local Self Government Institutions
| 9,217
| 4.8
|-
!
! Total
! 193,224
! 100.0
|}
{{bar box
| title = '''Distribution of Employment in Organised Sector, both Public and Private (March-2020)'''{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=382}}
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1 = Sector
| right1 = Percent
| float = left
| bars =
{{bar percent|[[Economy of Kerala|Manufacturing]]|green|18.33}}
{{bar percent|[[Education in Kerala|Education]]|green|17.86}}
{{bar percent|[[Government of Kerala|Administrative and support service activities]]|green|8.92}}
{{bar percent|[[Economy of Kerala|Financial and insurance activities]]|green|7.97}}
{{bar percent|Public Administration and defence; compulsory social security|green|7.76}}
{{bar percent|Information and communication|green|6.61}}
{{bar percent|Professional, Scientific, and technical activities|green|6.50}}
{{bar percent|Human health and social work activities|green|6.26}}
{{bar percent|Agriculture, forestry, and fishing|green|5.76}}
{{bar percent|Wholesale and Retail trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motor Cycles|green|4.29}}
{{bar percent|Transportation and Storage|green|4.13}}
{{bar percent|Accommodation and food Service activities|green|1.85}}
{{bar percent|Construction|green|1.11}}
{{bar percent|Electricity, gas, steam, and air Conditioning supply|green|0.65}}
| caption = Distribution of employment 
{{small|'''Source: Economic Review 2020, Kerala'''}}
}}
{{clear}}

===Employment exchanges===
====Registered job seekers====
Kerala had around 4,330,000 job seekers on 31 December 2012, who had registered in the live register of state employment exchanges.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=383}} However, it decreased to around 3,430,000 by 31 July 2020.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=383}} A decline of nearly 900,000 occurred in the number of the registered job seekers within 8 years.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=383}} As on 31 July 2020, '''63.6% of the registered job seekers in Kerala are women'''.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=383}} Around 92.1% of total job seekers in the state have at least qualified their secondary schooling.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=383}} The number of professional and technical job seekers is around 350,000, as on 31 July 2020.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=383}} Technical, Diploma, or Engineering certificate holders together constitute more than 70% of the professional and technical job seekers.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=383}} The number of engineering graduates among the registered job seekers is 47,525, while their medical counterpart is only 9,000.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=383}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
|+Work seekers in Kerala (in [[Lakh]]){{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=383}}
|-
!
! 2005
! 2010
! 2011
! 2012
! 2013
! 2014
! 2015
! 2016
! 2017
! 2018
! 2019
! 2020 (to 31 July)
|-
! Total Work Seekers (in [[Lakh]])
| 34.9
| 41.6
| 42.0
| 43.3
| 37.3
| 36.2
| 34.9
| 35.6
| 35.0
| 35.6
| 35.2
| 34.3
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
|+Job seekers in Kerala as on July 31, 2020 (Status of Men and Women){{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=384}}
|-
! colspan="2"| District
! colspan="2"| Work Seekers (in [[Lakh]])
|-
! {{nowrap|District wise map of Kerala}}
! Name
! Male
! Female
|-
| rowspan ="14"| [[File:Political map of Kerala.svg|300px]]
| [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]]
| 0.3
| 0.6
|-
| [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
| 0.8
| 1.5
|-
| [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]]
| 0.4
| 0.6
|-
| [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
| 1.0
| 2.0
|-
| [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
| 1.0
| 1.7
|-
| [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
| 0.8
| 1.4
|-
| [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
| 0.9
| 1.8
|-
|-
| [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
| 1.2
| 2.1
|-
| [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
| 0.4
| 0.6
|-
| [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]
| 0.8
| 1.3
|-
| [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
| 1.0
| 1.6
|-
| [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]]
| 0.5
| 0.9
|-
| [[Kollam district|Kollam]]
| 1.4
| 2.3
|-
| [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
| 1.9
| 3.4
|}
'''Source:Directorate of Employment, Government of Kerala'''

====Placements====
The number of placements through Employment Exchanges in Kerala is much less than the number of total registered job seekers in the state.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=387}} The total placement has been declining since 2010.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=387}} From 2015 to 2018, it has been increasing.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=387}} However, in 2019, it again declined as compared to 2018 figures.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=387}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"
|+Placement through Employment Exchanges - Kerala{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=387}}
|-
!
! 2005
! 2010
! 2011
! 2012
! 2013
! 2014
! 2015
! 2016
! 2017
! 2018
! 2019
! 2020 (to 31 July)
|-
! Placement (in numbers)
| 11,450
| 12,643
| 12,150
| 11,731
| 8,841
| 8,792
| 10,303
| 10,212
| 11,647
| 12,887
| 12,027
| 5,759
|}

==Government policies==
The [[Government of Kerala]] has initiated some policies and projects to reduce problems caused by the state's unemployment. Some of the projects are:
* [[Kerala Startup Mission]]: Introduced in 2006.
* Kaivalya: Introduced in 2016.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=385-386}}
* Self-Employment Schemes:
#Kerala Self-Employment Scheme for the Registered Unemployed (KESRU): Introduced in 1999.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=385-386}}
#Multi-Purpose Service Centres/Job Clubs (MPSC/JC).{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=385-386}}
#Saranya.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=385-386}}
* Employability Centres.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=385-386}}
* Career Development Centres.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=385-386}}
* Model Career Centre.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=385-386}}
* Unemployment Assistance: Introduced in 1982.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=385-386}}
* Niyukthi-2020.{{sfn|Kerala|2020|p=385-386}}

==Solutions==
The economy of Kerala depends upon its [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]]. Its share in the GSDP of state is nearly 65%, which is the highest curresponding rate in India, probably due to the high [[Human Development Index|Human Development]] of the state. The state also has the least rate of agricultural households in the country as well as the least share of [[Primary sector of the economy|primary sector]] to the GSDP (only about 8%). The share of primary sector to economy shows a decrease, while that of the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|industrial sector]] shows increase, comparing the rates in the fiscal years 2015–16 and 2019–20. The labour force used for the primary and secondary sectors of the state are mainly the [[migrant labourers in Kerala]], who come from other states of India, for higher wages.<ref name="TNM"/><ref name="FirstPost-01">{{cite news |last=K |first=Rejimon |title=Left-led Kerala govt will be first in country to provide insurance, free medical treatment for migrant workers |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/left-led-kerala-govt-will-be-first-in-country-to-provide-insurance-free-medical-treatment-for-migrant-workers-3416142.html |work=Firstpost |date=1 May 2017 |access-date=10 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="Unescogym">{{Cite web |title=God's Own Workforce |url=https://www.unescogym.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Gods-Own-Workforce-CMID-2017.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=www.unescogym.org |archive-date=July 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721221750/https://www.unescogym.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Gods-Own-Workforce-CMID-2017.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/684044/can-kerala-learn-to-respect-its-non-resident-millionaires-and-bengali-immigrants-equally/ |title=Election 2016: Can Kerala learn to respect its non-resident millionaires and Bengali immigrants equally? — Quartz |publisher=Qz.com |date=2016-05-16 |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref> A portion of the male workforce of the state have emigrated—mostly to the Gulf countries—in search of better-paying jobs, which has resulted the creation of [[Kerala Gulf diaspora]]. However the female work force doesn't do so resulting in higher unemployment rate among the women, who are more than 60% of the total job seekers in Kerala.<ref name="TNM"/><ref name=":17"/> The unemployment rate can be reduced if the state create more jobs in the Service sector, which contributes more than 60% of its revenue.<ref name="TNM"/> Creation of more service and industrial jobs that makes use of the [[human resources]] of the state would reduce its unemployment rate.<ref name="TNM"/>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Business and economics}}
* [[Unemployment in India]]
* [[Kerala Startup Mission]]
* [[Migrant labourers in Kerala]]
* [[Kerala Gulf diaspora]]
* [[Demographics of Kerala]]
* [[Education in Kerala]]
* [[Economy of Kerala]]
* [[Kerala model]]
* [[Kerala Public Service Commission]]
* [[Public sector undertakings in Kerala]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|title=Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus – 2019|publisher=P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode|year=2018|location=Kozhikode|last=Chandran |first=VP |edition=Malayalam }}
* {{Cite book|title=Economic Review 2016 - Volume I|last=Kerala|first=Government of|publisher=Kerala State Planning Board|year=2017|location=Thiruvananthapuram|url=https://kerala.gov.in/documents/10180/ad430667-ade5-4c62-8cb8-a89d27d396f1|archive-date=2020-07-20|access-date=2021-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720141140/https://kerala.gov.in/documents/10180/ad430667-ade5-4c62-8cb8-a89d27d396f1|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book|title=Economic Review 2020 (Volume-I)|publisher=Kerala State Planning Board|year=2020|location=Thiruvananthapuram|last=Kerala|first=Government of|url=https://spb.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-01/English-Vol-1_0.pdf|archive-date=2021-05-02|access-date=2021-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502171017/https://spb.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-01/English-Vol-1_0.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book|title=Annual Report of Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) - 2018-19|last=Sadhu|first=Asit Kumar|publisher=National Statistical Office, Ministry of Statistics and Implementation, Government of India|year=2020|location=New Delhi|url=http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual_Report_PLFS_2018_19_HL.pdf}}
* {{Cite book|title=Annual Report of Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) - 2017-18|last=Poddar|first=Jyotirmoy|publisher=National Statistical Office, Ministry of Statistics and Implementation, Government of India|year=2019|location=New Delhi|url=http://www.mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202017-18_31052019.pdf}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote|Kerala}}
* [https://employment.kerala.gov.in/statistics/ National Employment Service (Kerala) - Statistics]
* [http://www.ecostat.kerala.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/NSS/data/nss61_employment_unemploy.pdf Report on National Sample Survey 61st round (July 2004 – June 2005) Employment and unemployment survey] by Department of Economics and Statistics, [[Government of Kerala]]

{{Navboxes
| title = [[Kerala]]
| list =
{{Kerala}}
{{Kerala topics}}
}}
{{Navboxes
| title = [[Unemployment]]
| list =
{{Economy of India topics}}
{{Life in India}}
{{Social issues in India}}
{{Asia topic|Unemployment in}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kerala, Unemployment in}}
[[Category:Economy of Kerala| ]]
[[Category:Employment in India| ]]
[[Category:Unemployment|Kerala]]

Sahara Assembly constituency

2025-10-03T11:31:32Z

Saileshchauhan:

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Rajasthan State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sahara
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-179-Sahara.svg
| mla = [[Ladu Lal Pitliya]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2023
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Bhilwara district|Bhilwara]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhilwara Lok Sabha constituency|Bhilwara]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:254268}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 179
}}
'''Sahara Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Bhilwara district|Bhilwara]] district.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| [[Kailash Chandra Trivedi]]<ref name=election2018/>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[#2021|2021 (Bye-election)]]
| [[Gayatri Devi Trivedi]]<ref name=byelection2021/>
|-
| [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Ladu Lal Pitliya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Sahara<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ladu Lal Pitliya
|votes = {{formatnum:117203}}
|percentage = 61.76
|change = +28.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Rajendra Trivedi
|votes = {{formatnum:54684}}
|percentage = 28.82
|change = -8.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Badrilal Jat
|votes = {{formatnum:8971}}
|percentage = 4.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Kailash Gehlot
|votes = {{formatnum:4125}}
|percentage = 2.17
|change = +0.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1591}}
|percentage = 0.84
|change = -0.91
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:62519}}
|percentage = 32.94
|change = +28.93
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:189771}}
|percentage = 74.63
|change = +1.08
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021 bypoll===
A bye-election was needed due to the death of the sitting MLA, [[Kailash Chandra Trivedi]], in October 2020.<ref name="election2020">{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rajasthan-congress-mla-kailash-chandra-trivedi-dies-of-post-covid-complications-6705862/ |title=Rajasthan: Congress MLA Kailash Chandra Trivedi dies of post-Covid complications |date=7 October 2020 |author= |access-date= 20 June 2021}}</ref>

{{Election box begin | title=Bye-election, 2021: Sahara<ref name=byelection2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13640-bye-elections-2021-parliamentary-and-assemblies/ |title=Byelections - January - June 2021 (L.A. & P.C.) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Gayatri Devi Trivedi
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 81,700
|percentage = 58.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dr. Ratanlal Jat
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 39,500
|percentage =28.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Badri Lal Jat
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|votes = 12,231
|percentage = 8.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ishwar Choudhary
|party = Right to Recall Party
|votes = 701
|percentage = 0.5
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = None of the above
|party = None of the above
|votes = 4,108
|percentage = 2.93
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 42,200
|percentage = 30.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,40,368
|percentage = 56.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|loser =
|winner=Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Sahara <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Kailash Chandra Trivedi
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:65420}}
|percentage = 37.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Roop Lal Jat
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:58414}}
|percentage = 33.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ladu Lal Pitlia
|votes = {{formatnum:30573}}
|percentage = 17.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bhagwati Lal
|votes = {{formatnum:5101}}
|percentage = 2.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Kailash Gehlot
|votes = {{formatnum:3642}}
|percentage = 2.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Hiralal Kharol
|votes = {{formatnum:2478}}
|percentage = 1.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Govind Kumar Bairwa
|votes = {{formatnum:2231}}
|percentage = 1.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rameshwar Lal Joshi
|votes = {{formatnum:1740}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3055}}
|percentage = 1.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:7006}}
|percentage = 4.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:174621}}
|percentage = 73.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Sahara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Dr Balu Ram Chaudhary
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 82,470
|percentage = 51.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Kailash Chandra Trivedi
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 61,714
|percentage = 38.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = None of the above
|party = None of the above
|votes = 3,718
|percentage = 2.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Kailash Gehlot
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 3,210
|percentage = 2.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 20,756
|percentage = 13.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,60,731
|percentage = 77.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Bhilwara district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|25.19|74.24|display=title}}

[[Category:Bhilwara district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]

Tour de India

2025-09-24T18:46:04Z

Saileshchauhan: Made Basic Pg W/ Refs!

{{Short description|Indian bicycle race}}
{{Infobox cycling race
| name = Tour de India
| current_event =
| image = [[File:Official Logo Tour de India 2013.png|160px]]
| date = December 15
| region = Mumbai, Delh, Jaipur, Shrinagar
| localnames = Cyclothon {{in lang|hi}}
| nickname = Cyclothon India
| discipline = Road
| competition = Professional
| type = Stage race (Grand Tour)
| organiser = ID Sports
| first = 2012
| number = 2 (2013)
| website = www.tourdeindia.asia
}}
'''Tour de India''' was a three city cycling event that was held in [[India]]. The first edition took place in 2012 in Mumbai, Srinagar & Delhi, and in 2013 the races were held in Mumbai, Jaipur and Delhi. Having received an affiliation from the [[Union Cycliste Internationale]] (UCI),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/uci-recognises-tour-de-india-2013/article5408491.ece|title=UCI recognises Tour de India 2013|date=November 30, 2013|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> the cycling event had cyclists participating from India and abroad. The event was brought to India by Dr. Akil Khan, and was sponsored by Godrej Eon from the first edition.

Vaibhav Vinay Maloo was the managing director of Tour de India in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tourdeindia.asia/aboutus.html|title=Godrej Eon Tour De India - 2013 - About Us|website=tourdeindia.asia}}</ref> During his term, he tied up with [[University of Cambridge]] students to come and do a study on their operational model, and came up with ways to promote cycling as a sport in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insight.jbs.cam.ac.uk/2015/cambridge-executive-mba-team-takes-up-cycling/|title=Cambridge Executive MBA team takes up cycling - News & insight|date=6 March 2015}}</ref>

==2013 winners==

===Mumbai===
* Full Cyclothon - [[Hussain Ajij Kurbu|Husen Ajij Korabu]]
* Champions of Cyclothon (Seniors) - Sudhakar Balakrishna Rane
;Half Cyclothon
*Road Men - Adil Niazi
*Hybrid Men - Kiran Shedge
*Hybrid Women - Meena Barot

===Delhi===
* Champions of Cyclothon (Children) - Nidhi Sharma
;Half Cyclothon
*Road Men - Navneet
*Hybrid Men - Tanveer Alam
*Hybrid Women - Deepakshi Vasudeva

===Jaipur===
* Green Cyclothon
* Champions of Cyclothon
* International

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news/john-abraham-becomes-brand-ambassador-tour-india-2013-183000530.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214050644/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news/john-abraham-becomes-brand-ambassador-tour-india-2013-183000530.html |date=2013-12-14 }}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f86lONZLdpo Tour de India Official Trailer]- YouTube {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204081854/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f86lONZLdpo&gl=US&hl=en |date=2013-12-04 }}

[[Category:Cycling in India]]

National Highway 4C (India, old numbering)

2025-09-23T21:24:10Z

Saileshchauhan: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[National Highway 548 (India)]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R with history}}
}}

[[Category:National highways in Maharashtra|4C]]
[[Category:Raigad district]]

Kathivakkam railway station

2025-08-24T19:48:53Z

Saileshchauhan: added info

{{Short description|Railway station in Chennai, India}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more footnotes needed|date=February 2019}}
{{one source|date=February 2019}}
{{independent sources|date=February 2019}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Kathivakkam
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] and [[Chennai Suburban Railway]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Kathivakkam Railway Station nameplate.JPG
| image_caption = A passenger waits for a local train at Kathivakkam Railway Station
| address = [[Kathivakkam]], Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord |13|12|16|N|80|19|0|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN-TN|display=inline}}
| map_type = India#India Tamil Nadu
| line = [[North Line, Chennai Suburban|North]] line of [[Chennai Suburban Railway]]
| other =
| structure = Standard on-ground station
| platform =
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks =
| parking = Available
| bicycle =
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 13 April 1979<ref name="IRFCA_HistoryOfElectrification"/>
| accessible =
| code = KAVM
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Indian Railways]]
| zone = [[Southern Railway (India)|Southern Railways]]
| former = South Indian Railway
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services =
| map_locator =
}}

'''Kathivakkam railway station''' is one of the railway station of the [[Chennai Central]]–[[Gummidipoondi]] section of the [[Chennai Suburban Railway Network]]. It serves the neighbourhood of [[Kathivakkam]], a suburb of Chennai, and is located 14 km north of [[Chennai Central]] railway station. It has an elevation of 9 m above [[Mean sea level|sea level]].

==History==
The lines at the station were electrified on 13 April 1979, with the electrification of the Chennai Central–Gummidipoondi section.<ref name="IRFCA_HistoryOfElectrification">{{cite web
| title = IR Electrification Chronology up to 31.03.2004
| work = History of Electrification
| publisher = IRFCA.org
| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html
| access-date = 17 November 2012}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Kathivakkam railway station.jpg
File:WAG5 Ennore.JPG|A WAG5 Loco with a freight train at Kathivakkam railway station
File:Kathivakkam Railway Station.JPG|People wait on platform no.2 of Kathivakkam Railway Station
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Chennai Suburban Railway]]
* [[Railway stations in Chennai]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/kathivakkam-kavm/8311 Kathivakkam station at Indiarailinfo.com]

{{Chennai - Suburban Railway, North|Kathivakkam|Wimco Nagar|Ennore|8|14.58}}
{{Chennai Topics}}

[[Category:Chennai Suburban Railway stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Chennai]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Tiruvallur district]]

{{TamilNadu-railstation-stub}}

Siddhivinayak Temple, Siddhatek

2025-07-23T16:43:24Z

Saileshchauhan: formatting fix

{{short description|Hindu temple dedicated to Ganesha in Siddhatek India}}
{{Infobox Mandir
| name = Siddhi Vinayak Temple
| image = Siddhi Vinayak at Siddhatek.jpg
| alt =
| caption = The temple and the paveway leading to it
| map_type = Maharashtra
| map_caption = Location within Maharashtra
| coordinates = {{coord|18|26|38.81|N|74|43|34.53|E|region:IN}}
| country = India
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = Ahmednagar District
| locale = [[Siddhatek]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Ganesha]] as Siddhivinayak
| festivals = [[Ganesh Chaturthi]], [[Ganesh Jayanti]]
| architecture = [[Mandir]] architecture
| established = Before 17th century 
| year_completed = 18th century
| creator = [[Ahilyabai Holkar]]
| website =
}}

The '''Siddhivinayak Temple''' of [[Siddhatek]] is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Ganesha]], the elephant-headed god of wisdom. The temple is one of the [[Ashtavinayaka]], the eight revered shrines of Ganesha in the [[Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]] and the only Ashtavinayaka shrine in [[Ahmednagar district]].<ref name="anne"/>

==Location==
The temple is located on the northern bank of the river [[Bhima]] in Siddhatek in the Karjat [[taluka]] of Ahmednagar district.<ref name="nic">{{cite web|url=http://ahmednagar.gov.in/html_docs/..%5Chtml_docs%5CSiddhtek.htm|title=Siddhatek|year=2009|work=The Official Website of Ahmednagar District|publisher=National Informatics Centre, District –Ahmednagar|access-date=26 August 2011}}</ref> The nearest station is [[Daund]] (19 km). The temple is accessible from the small village of Shirapur in [[Pune district]], on the southern bank of the river, from where it can be reached by boat or newly constructed bridge.<ref name="nic" /><ref name = "satguru">{{Cite book|author=Subramuniya|title=Loving Ganesa: Hinduism's Endearing Elephant-Faced God|work=The Morgaon Temple|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lovingganesahind00subr/page/n324 279]–80|url=https://archive.org/details/lovingganesahind00subr|url-access=limited|publisher=Himalayan Academy Publications|year=2000|isbn=9780945497776}}</ref> Other routes are (48 km) Daund-Kasti-Padgaon, Shirur-Shrigonda-Siddhatek, Karjat-Rashin-Siddhatek<ref name="nic" /><ref name = "ashtavinayakOnline">{{cite web|url=http://www.ashtavinayak.net/siddhatek/index.php|title=SHREE SIDDHIVINAYAK - SIDDHATEK|work=Ashtavinayaka Darshan Online|access-date=2011-08-25|archive-date=2011-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904123050/http://www.ashtavinayak.net/siddhatek/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The temple stands on a hillock, surrounded by thick foliage of [[Acacia nilotica|Babul]] trees and is located approximately 1 km from the core Siddhatek village.<ref name=Gunaji>{{Cite book|last=Gunaji|first=Milind|title=Offbeat tracks in Maharashtra|chapter=Siddhatek|pages=104–5|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2003|isbn=9788171546695}}</ref> To propitiate the deity, devotees often perform [[pradakshina]] (Circumambulation) of the hillock seven times, even though there is no paved road and the path passes through thorny shrubs.<ref name = "satguru"/>

==Religious importance==
Though Siddhatek is prescribed to the second temple to be visited in the Ashtavinayak circuit after the foremost [[Morgaon]], pilgrims often visit it third after Morgaon and [[Theur]], as it is a more convenient route.<ref name="anne">{{cite news|url=https://archive.org/details/connectedplacesr00feld|url-access=limited|title=Connected places: region, pilgrimage, and geographical imagination in India|year=2003|last=Anne Feldhaus|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|pages=[https://archive.org/details/connectedplacesr00feld/page/n160 142], 145–6| isbn=978-1-4039-6324-6}}</ref>

The Ganesha icon here is with his trunk turned to the right. Usually, the trunk of Ganesha is depicted turned to his left. It is believed that the right-trunked Ganesha is very powerful, but difficult to please.<ref name=Gunaji/><ref name="grimes117"/> This is the only Ashtavinayaka shrine where the deity has his trunk to the right.<ref name="grimes117"/> Traditionally, an icon whose trunk is to the right is named "Siddhi-Vinayaka", the giver of ''[[siddhi]]'' ("accomplishment, success", "supernatural powers").<ref name="grimes117"/> The temple is thus considered as a ''jagrut [[kshetra]]'' where the deity is said to highly powerful.<ref name="nic"/>

The ''[[Mudgala Purana]]'' narrates that at the beginning of Creation, the creator-god [[Brahma]] emerges from a lotus, that rises the god [[Vishnu]]'s navel as Vishnu sleeps in his ''[[yoganidra]]''. While Brahma starts creating the universe, two demons [[Madhu-Kaitabh|Madhu and Kaitabha]] rise from the dirt in Vishnu's ear. The demons disturb Brahma's process of creation, thereby compelling Vishnu to awake. Vishnu battles the battle, but cannot defeat them. He asks the god [[Shiva]] the reason for this. Shiva informs Vishnu that he cannot succeed as he had forgotten to invoke Ganesha – the god of beginning and obstacle removal – before the fight. Therefore, Vishnu performs penance at Siddhatek, invoking Ganesha with his [[mantra]] – "Om Sri Ganeshaya Namah". Pleased, Ganesha bestows his blessings and various ''siddhi''s ("powers") on Vishnu, returns to his fight and slays the demons. The place where Vishnu acquired ''siddhi''s was thereafter known as Siddhatek.<ref name="grimes117">Grimes pp. 117-8</ref>

==History==
The original temple is believed to be built by Vishnu, however it was destroyed over time. Later, a cowherd is believed to have had a vision of the ancient temple and found the icon of Siddhi-vinayaka. The cowherd worshipped the deity and soon others learned of the shrine.<ref name="nic"/>

The present temple was built in the late 18th century by [[Ahilyabai Holkar]], the ''Philosopher Queen'' of [[Indore]], who built and renovated many Hindu temples.<ref name="grimes117"/> ''[[Sardar]]'' Haripant Phadke, an official with the [[Peshwa]] rulers, built the ''Nagarkhana'' - a chamber which stores ''[[Naqareh|Nagara]]''s (kettle drums) and a paved pathway to the main door of the temple.<ref name=Gunaji/> Haripant Phadke got his post as commander-in-chief back after praying to the deity for 21 days, daily circumbulating the temple 21 times.<ref name="nic"/><ref name = "ashtavinayakOnline"/> The outer sabha-mandapa (hall) – previously built by Mairal, a landlord from [[Braoda|Baroda]] – was broken in 1939 and was rebuilt in 1970.<ref name = "ashtavinayakOnline"/>

The [[Ganapatya]], a sect that worships Ganesha as the Supreme Being, Saint [[Morya Gosavi]] (dated between 13th to 17th century), and his son Narayan Maharaj are described as having worshipped at the temple, where they attained siddhi.<ref name="nic"/>

Currently, the temple is under the administration of the ''Chinchwad Devasthan Trust'', which also governs Morgaon and Theur Ashtavinayak temples.<ref name = "ashtavinayakOnline"/><ref>As per the official receipt of donation, provided by the Morgaon temple</ref>

==Architecture==

The temple - constructed in black stone - faces north. The temple has ''sabha-[[mandapa]]'' (assembly hall) of black stone and another ''sabha-[[mandapa]]'', which is a later addition. The threshold of the main shrine has a small demonic head sculpture. The temple also has a ''Nagarkhana''.<ref name=Gunaji/>

The ''[[garbhagriha]]'' (sanctum) is 15 ft high and 10 ft wide.<ref name = "ashtavinayakOnline"/> It has the [[Jaya-Vijaya]] – the gatekeepers of Vishnu's abode – brass sculptures flanking the central icon of Siddhivinayaka. It has a dome-shaped stone ceiling.<ref name = "ashtavinayakOnline"/><ref name=Gunaji/> Like all Ashtavinayaka shrines, the central Ganesha image is believed to be ''[[svayambhu]]'' (self-existent), naturally occurring in the form of an elephant-faced stone.<ref>Grimes pp. 110–1</ref> The central icon of Siddhi-Vinayaka is seated cross-legged with his consort [[Consorts of Ganesha|Siddhi]] seated nearby, though often she is hidden with flower garlands and the [[sindoor]] paste that covers the image.<ref name=Gunaji/> The icon is sheathed in brass and with its trunk turned to the right.<ref name=Gunaji/> The sanctum also has a Shiva-[[panchayatana puja|panchayatana]] (Shiva surrounded by Ganesha, Vishnu, [[Devi|the Goddess]] and the Sun-god [[Surya]]) and a shrine to goddess Shivai.<ref name = "ashtavinayakOnline"/>

==Festivals==
The temple celebrates three main festivals. The [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] festival is celebrated from the first to the fifth day of the Hindu month of [[Bhadrapada]], where Ganesh Chaturthi is the fourth day. A festival is held to commemorate the birthday of Ganesha – [[Ganesha Jayanti]], on the fourth day of the Hindu month of [[Magha (month)|Magha]]. This festival is celebrated from the first to the fifth day of Magha. The [[palkhi]] of Ganesha is taken for three consecutive days in these festivals.<ref name = "ashtavinayakOnline"/>

A festival and fair is also held on [[Vijayadashami]] and ''Somavati Amavasya'', a [[Amavasya|no-moon day]] that falls on a Monday.<ref name=Gunaji/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=33em}}

==References==
*{{Cite book|series=SUNY Series in Religious Studies |last=Grimes |first=John A. |title=Ganapati: Song of the Self |year=1995 |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albany |isbn=0-7914-2440-5}}

==External links==
* [https://www.ashtavinayak.net/siddhatek.php Shri Siddhivinayak Temple - Siddhatek] - Information about the temple & idol history. ( www.ashtavinayak.net )

{{Ganesha}}
{{Hindu temples in Maharashtra}}
{{Hindu holy cities}}

[[Category:Ashtavinayaka temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Ahmednagar district]]

2017 Kolkata Knight Riders season

2025-04-16T07:26:09Z

Saileshchauhan:

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club =[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| season =2017
| coach = [[Jacques Kallis]]
| captain = [[Gautam Gambhir]]
| ground = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| comp1 = [[2017 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = 3rd
| most runs = [[Gautam Gambhir]] (498)
| most wickets = [[Chris Woakes]] (17)
| prevseason = [[Kolkata Knight Riders in 2016|2016]]
| nextseason = [[Kolkata Knight Riders in 2018|2018]]
}}

[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (KKR) are a franchise cricket team based in [[Kolkata]], India, which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They are one of the eight teams that competed in the [[2017 Indian Premier League|2017 IPL]] edition. They were captained by [[Gautam Gambhir]], while former Knight Riders all-rounder [[Jacques Kallis]] was in his third season as the team's head coach.

==Pre-season==
* In December 2016, [[Wasim Akram]] stepped down as the bowling coach and mentor, citing "professional commitments and time constraints."<ref>{{cite news|title=Wasim Akram to Miss IPL 2017|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/indian-premier-league-2017/wasim-akram-to-miss-ipl-2017-1636256|access-date=25 December 2016|work=NDTV}}</ref>

==Player auction==
{{main|List of 2017 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}
The player auction for the 2017 Indian Premier League was held on 20 February in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news|title=IPL 2017 auction to be held on February 20|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/92023/ipl-2017-auction-to-be-held-on-february-20|work=Cricbuzz|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref>

The Knight Riders bought the following players at the auction:

*[[Trent Boult]]
*[[Chris Woakes]]
*[[Rishi Dhawan]]
*[[Nathan Coulter-Nile]]
*[[Rovman Powell]]
*[[R Sanjay Yadav]]
*[[Ishank Jaggi]]
*[[Darren Bravo]]
*[[Sayan Ghosh]]

In April the side signed New Zealander [[Colin de Grandhomme]] as a replacement for [[Andre Russell]] who was banned for one year in January 2017 for a violation of doping codes.

== Squad ==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| No.
! style="text-align:center;"| Name
! style="text-align:center;"| Nationality
! style="text-align:center;"| Birth date
! style="text-align:center;"| Batting style
! style="text-align:center;"| Bowling style
! style="text-align:center;"| Year signed
! style="text-align:center;"| Salary
! style="text-align:center;"| Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
|9|| '''[[Manish Pandey]]''' || {{cr|IND}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1989|9|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.7|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|23|| '''[[Gautam Gambhir]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1981|10|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 (since 2011) || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
|37|| '''[[Robin Uthappa]]''' || {{cr|IND}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1985|9|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Occasional wicketkeeper
|-
|46|| '''[[Darren Bravo]]''' || {{cr|TTO}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1989|2|06|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
|50|| '''[[Chris Lynn]]''' || {{cr|AUS}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1990|4|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.3|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|72|| [[Ishank Jaggi]] || {{cr|IND}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1989|1|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|212|| [[Suryakumar Yadav]] || {{cr|IND}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1990|9|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|70|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} || [[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|Vice-captain]]
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
|01|| '''[[Rishi Dhawan]]''' || {{cr|IND}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1990|2|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|55|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|8|| '''[[Chris Woakes]]''' || {{cr|ENG}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1989|3|02|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.2|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|12|| '''[[Andre Russell]]''' || {{cr|JAM}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1988|4|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|60|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
|24|| '''[[Yusuf Pathan]]''' || {{cr|IND}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1982|11|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 (since 2011) || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.25|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|52|| '''[[Rovman Powell]]''' || {{cr|JAM}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1993|7|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
|75|| '''[[Shakib Al Hasan]]''' || {{cr|BAN}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1987|3|24|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 (since 2011) || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.8|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|77|| '''[[Colin de Grandhomme]]''' || {{cr|NZ}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1986|7|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| Replacement signing || Overseas
|-
||| [[Sanjay Yadav (cricketer)|Sanjay Yadav]] || {{cr|IND}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1995|5|10|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
|21|| [[Sheldon Jackson (cricketer)|Sheldon Jackson]] || {{cr|IND}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1986|9|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|15|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
|03|| [[Ankit Rajpoot]] || {{cr|IND}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1993|12|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.5|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|10|| '''[[Trent Boult]]''' || {{cr|NZ}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1989|7|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|5|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|11|| '''[[Piyush Chawla]]''' || {{cr|IND}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1988|12|24|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.25|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|13|| '''[[Nathan Coulter-Nile]]''' || {{cr|AUS}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1987|10|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.5|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
|18|| '''[[Kuldeep Yadav]]''' || {{cr|IND}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1994|12|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm wrist-spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|40|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}}||
|-
|19|| '''[[Umesh Yadav]]''' || {{cr|IND}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1987|10|25|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2014 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.6|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
|74|| '''[[Sunil Narine]]''' || {{cr|TTO}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1988|5|26|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2012 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} || Overseas
|-
||| [[Sayan Ghosh]] || {{cr|IND}}|| {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1992|9|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|}

==Season standings==
{{2017 Indian Premier League Points table|team=KKR}}

==Matches==
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack=y | date = {{anchor|match3}} 7 April |local time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Gujarat Lions]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 183/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 184/0 (14.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Suresh Raina]] 68[[not out|*]] (51)
| wickets1 = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Chris Lynn]] 93[[not out|*]] (41)
| wickets2 = [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]] 0/13 (2 overs)
| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Chris Lynn]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (India) and [[C. K. Nandan]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082593.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 10 wickets
| notes = This was the highest total successfully chased without losing a wicket in a T20 match.<ref name="chase">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1090860.html |title=Gambhir, Lynn blaze away in record chase |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=7 April 2017 |access-date=7 April 2017}}</ref>
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack=y | date = {{anchor|match7}} 9 April |local time = 20:00 | team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| score1 = 178/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 180/6 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Manish Pandey]] 81[[not out|*]] (47)
| wickets1 = [[Krunal Pandya]] 3/24 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nitish Rana]] 50 (29)
| wickets2 = [[Ankit Rajpoot]] 3/37 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Nitish Rana]] (Mumbai Indians)
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (India) and [[C. K. Nandan]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082597.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 4 wickets
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack=y | date = {{anchor|match11}} 13 April |local time = 20:00 | team1 = [[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| score1 = 170/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 171/2 (16.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Manan Vohra]] 28 (19) [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]] 28 (19)
| wickets1 = [[Umesh Yadav]] 4/33 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Gautam Gambhir]] 72[[not out|*]] (49)
| wickets2 = [[Varun Aaron]] 1/23 (2 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Sunil Narine]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[Abhijit Deshmukh (umpire)|Abhijit Deshmukh]] (India) and [[Nigel Llong]] (England)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082601.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 8 wickets
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack=y | date = {{anchor|match14}} 15 April |local time = 16:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 172/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 155/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Robin Uthappa]] 68 (39)
| wickets1 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 3/20 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Yuvraj Singh]] 26 (16)
| wickets2 = [[Chris Woakes]] 2/49 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Robin Uthappa]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] (India) and [[Nigel Llong]] (England)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082604.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 17 runs
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack=y | date = {{anchor|match18}} 17 April | time = 16:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Delhi Daredevils]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 168/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 169/6 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sanju Samson]] 39 (25)
| wickets1 = [[Nathan Coulter-Nile]] 3/22 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Manish Pandey]] 69[[not out|*]] (49)
| wickets2 = [[Zaheer Khan]] 2/28 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to bat.
| motm = [[Manish Pandey]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (India) and [[C. K. Nandan]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082608.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 4 wickets
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack=y | date = {{anchor|match23}} 21 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Gujarat Lions]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 187/5 (20)
| score2 = 188/6 (18.2)
| runs1 = [[Robin Uthappa]] 72 (48)
| wickets1 = [[Suresh Raina]] 1/11 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Suresh Raina]] 84 (46)
| wickets2 = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] 2/33 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Gujarat Lions won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Suresh Raina]] (Gujarat Lions)
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (India) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (New Zealand)
| report =
[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082613.html Scorecard]
| result = Gujarat Lions won by 4 wickets.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack=y | date = {{anchor|match27}} 23 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 131/10 (19.3)
| score2 = 49/10 (9.4)
| runs1 = [[Sunil Narine]] 34 (17)
| wickets1 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 3/16 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kedar Jadhav]] 9 (7)
| wickets2 = [[Colin de Grandhomme]] 3/4 (1.4 overs) [[Chris Woakes]] 3/6 (2 overs) [[Nathan Coulter-Nile]] 3/21 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Nathan Coulter-Nile]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (New Zealand) and [[C. K. Nandan]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082617.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 82 runs.
| notes = Royal Challengers Bangalore's 49 runs was the lowest ever total in the IPL.<ref name=IPLT20>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iplt20.com/news/97671/quick-stats-m27-kkr-vs-rcb|title = Quick Stats: M27 - KKR vs RCB}}</ref> Royal Challengers Bangalore's innings of 9.4 overs was the shortest ever in the IPL.<ref name=IPLT20 /> This was the first match in the IPL where none of the batmen in a side were able to get in to double digits.<ref name=IPLT20 /> This was only the second time both sides in an IPL match were all out.<ref name=IPLT20 />
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack=y | date = {{anchor|match30}} 26 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Rising Pune Supergiant]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 182/5 (20)
| score2 = 184/3 (18.1)
| runs1 = [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] 51 (37)
| wickets1 = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] 2/31 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Robin Uthappa]] 87 (47)
| wickets2 = [[Dan Christian]] 1/31 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = Robin Uthappa (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] (India) and [[Nigel Llong]] (England)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082620.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 7 wickets.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack=y | date = {{anchor|match32}} 28 April | time = 16:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 161/3 (16.2)
| score2 = 160/6 (20)
| runs1 = [[Gautam Gambhir]] 71 (52)
| wickets1 = [[Kagiso Rabada]] 2/20 (3.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sanju Samson]] 60 (38)
| wickets2 = [[Nathan Coulter-Nile]] 3/34 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Gautam Gambhir]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[Nigel Llong]] (England) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082622.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 7 wickets.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack=y | date = {{anchor|match37}} 30 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 209/3 (20)
| score2 = 161/7 (20)
| runs1 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 126 (59)
| wickets1 = [[Chris Woakes]] 1/46 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Robin Uthappa]] 53 (28)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammed Siraj]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] (India) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082627.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 48 runs.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack=y | date = {{anchor|match41}} 3 May | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Rising Pune Supergiant]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 155/8 (20)
| score2 = 158/6 (19.2)
| runs1 = [[Manish Pandey]] 37 (32)
| wickets1 = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 2/28 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahul Tripathi]] 93 (52)
| wickets2 = [[Chris Woakes]] 3/18 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Rising Pune Supergiant won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = Rahul Tripathi (Rising Pune Supergiant)
| umpires = [[K.N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] (India) and [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]]
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082631.html Scorecard]
| result = Rising Pune Supergiant won by 4 wickets.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack=y | date = {{anchor|match46}} 7 May | time = 16:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 158/6 (20)
| score2 = 159/4 (15.1)
| runs1 = [[Travis Head]] 75 (47)
| wickets1 = [[Umesh Yadav]] 3/36 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sunil Narine]] 54 (17)
| wickets2 = [[Pawan Negi]] 2/21 (3.1 overs)
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = Sunil Narine (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] (India) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082636.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 6 wickets.
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible |stack=y | date = {{anchor|match49}} 9 May | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | daynight = yes
| score1 = 167/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 153/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Glenn Maxwell]] 44 (25)
| wickets1 = [[Chris Woakes]] 2/20 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Chris Lynn]] 84 (52)
| wickets2 = [[Rahul Tewatia]] 2/18 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Mohit Sharma]] (Kings XI Punjab)
| umpires = [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (India) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082639.html Scorecard]
| result = Kings XI Punjab won by 14 runs
}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match54}} 13 May | time = 20:00 | team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| score1 = 173/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 164/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ambati Rayudu]] 63 (37)
| wickets1 = [[Trent Boult]] 2/30 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Manish Pandey]] 33 (33)
| wickets2 = [[Hardik Pandya]] 2/22 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Ambati Rayudu]] (Mumbai Indians)
| umpires = [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (India) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082644.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 9 runs
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.kkr.in/}}
* [http://www.iplt20.com/teams/kolkata-knight-riders Kolkata Knight Riders] on [[IPL Twenty20]]

{{Kolkata Knight Riders}}

[[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders seasons]]
[[Category:2017 Indian Premier League]]

Tenpin Bowling Federation (India)

2025-02-15T05:33:51Z

Saileshchauhan:

{{Redirect|TBFI|the English political party|The Borough First}}{{Infobox sport governing body
|name = Tenpin Bowling Federation (India)
|abbrev = TBFI
|logo = TBFLOGO.png
|logosize = 135px
|sport = [[Ten-pin bowling]]
|category =
|image =
|caption =
|jurisdiction = [[India]]
|membership =
|founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1975}}
|aff = [[World Bowling]]
|affdate =
|region = [[Asian Bowling Federation]]
|regionyear =
|headquarters = 572, 16th B Main, 3rd Block, [[Koramangala]], [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Contact Us |url=http://www.tbfi.org.in/index.php?option=com_contact&view=contact&id=3&Itemid=132 |website=www.tbfi.org.in |accessdate=22 July 2018 |language=en-gb |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722070621/http://www.tbfi.org.in/index.php?option=com_contact&view=contact&id=3&Itemid=132 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|president = Ajay Singh
|vicepresident =
|secretary = Vijay Krishna Dasari<ref>{{cite web |title=Office Bearers (2019-23) |url=http://www.tbfi.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=129&Itemid=502 |website=www.tbfi.org.in |accessdate=22 July 2018 |language=en-gb |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722071930/http://www.tbfi.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=129&Itemid=502 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|coach =
|womenscoach =
|key staff =
|operating income =
|sponsor =
|url = www.tbfi.org.in
|countryflag = IND
|more =
}}
The '''Tenpin Bowling Federation (India)''', abbreviated to '''TBFI''', is the national [[Sports governing body|sports federation]] for [[ten-pin bowling]] in [[India]]. Legally, it is a [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit association]] registered under the [[Societies Registration Act, 1860]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Registration Certificates |url=http://www.tbfi.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=124&Itemid=405 |website=www.tbfi.org.in |accessdate=22 July 2018 |language=en-gb |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722070610/http://www.tbfi.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=124&Itemid=405 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Bowling Federation of India was founded in 1975. The organization was renamed to the Tenpin Bowling Federation (India) in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.tbfi.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=113&Itemid=355 |website=www.tbfi.org.in |accessdate=22 July 2018 |language=en-gb}}</ref>

The TBFI was recognized by the [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]] on 16 January 1998.<ref>{{cite web |title=Affiliations |url=http://www.tbfi.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=120&Itemid=372 |website=www.tbfi.org.in |accessdate=22 July 2018 |language=en-gb}}</ref>

TBFI is affiliated to the [[Asian Bowling Federation]] and [[World Bowling]].<ref>{{cite web |title=abf-online.org - brought to you by ASIAN BOWLING FEDERATION - bycountry.asp |url=http://www.abf-online.org/asp/bycountry.asp?Mode=1 |website=www.abf-online.org |accessdate=22 July 2018 |archive-date=25 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625213727/http://www.abf-online.org/asp/bycountry.asp?Mode=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Asian Zone – World Bowling |url=http://www.worldbowling.org/about/federations/asian-zone/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110004713/http://www.worldbowling.org/about/federations/asian-zone/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=January 10, 2018 |website=www.worldbowling.org |accessdate=22 July 2018}}</ref> It is also affiliated to the [[World Tenpin Bowling Association]] and to the [[Commonwealth Tenpin Bowling Federation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Affiliations |url=http://www.tbfi.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=120&Itemid=372 |website=www.tbfi.org.in |accessdate=22 July 2018 |language=en-gb |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722071927/http://www.tbfi.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=120&Itemid=372 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Sports governing bodies in India}}

[[Category:Sports organizations established in 1975]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bowling organizations]]
[[Category:Sports governing bodies in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Karnataka]]

{{India-sport-stub}}
{{India-org-stub}}

Nandi Assembly constituency

2025-01-24T15:33:07Z

Saileshchauhan: added new entry from scratch

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nandi
| type= SLA
| state = Jammu and Kashmir
| established = 1962
| abolished = 1972
| electors = 30,441
| mla = Ali Mohammed Dar
| party = {{Party index link|Jamaat-e-Islami}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Nandi Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Abdul Kabir Wani || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || A. Rehman || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Ali Mohammed Dar || {{Full party name with color|Jamaat-e-Islami}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ali Mohammed Dar |party=Jamaat-e-Islami |votes=7,201 |percentage=39.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Hassan Rathir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,773 |percentage=26.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Salam Jeeline |party=Independent politician |votes=3,513 |percentage=19.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohmmad Bhat |party=Independent politician |votes=1,844 |percentage=10.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Salam Rathir |party=Independent politician |votes=1,001 |percentage=5.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,428 |percentage=13.24% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,332 |percentage=65.44% |change= {{increase}}60.22 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,441 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.14 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jamaat-e-Islami |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052138/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=A. Rehman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,438 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,438 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.59 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Nandi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Abdul Kabir Wani |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=23,274 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,274 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

{{coord missing|Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]

{{JammuandKashmir-geo-stub}}

Aayushi Dholakia

2024-12-10T12:10:25Z

Saileshchauhan: New initial stub first draft

{{short description|Indian female pageant winner}}
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| name = Aayushi Dholakia
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| alt =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|02|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Vadodara]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Model (person)|Model]]
| years_active = 2018–present
| citizenship =
| education = Anand Vidyavihar School, [[Vadodara]]
| known_for =
| height =
| title = Miss Teen India International 2019 [[Miss Teen International 2019]]
| competitions = Miss Teen India International 2019 (Winner) [[Miss Teen International 2019]] (Winner) [[Femina Miss India 2024]] (2nd Runner-Up)
| eye_color = Brown

}}

'''Aayushi Dholakia''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] beauty queen, who was crowned as [[Miss Teen International 2019]] on 19 December 2019 in [[New Delhi]], [[India]]. She is the first [[Indian people|Indian]] to win the title of [[Miss Teen International (India)|Miss Teen International]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/india-wins-the-first-miss-teen-international-crown-in-27-years/1691767|website=outlookindia.com|title=India wins the first Miss Teen International crown in 27 years}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thegreatpageantcommunity.com/2019/10/13/aayushi-dholakia-crowned-as-miss-teen-india-international-2019/|website=thegreatpageantcommunity.com|title=Aayushi Dholakia crowned as Miss Teen India International 2019|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020194210/https://thegreatpageantcommunity.com/2019/10/13/aayushi-dholakia-crowned-as-miss-teen-india-international-2019/|archive-date=2019-10-20|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Pageantry ==
=== Miss Teen India 2019 ===
Aayushi competed in the Miss Teen India 2019 competition owned by Glamanand held at the JaiBagh Palace, [[Jaipur]] on 30 September 2019 where she was crowned Miss Teen International 2019 by outgoing queen, Ritika Khatnani. During the competition she also bagged several sub-awards including Miss Congeniality, Miss Environment and Miss Beauty with Cause.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newfrenzy.org/aayushi-dholakia-from-vadodara-won-glamanand-miss-teen-india-international-2019-title/|website=newfrenzy.org|title=Aayushi Dholakia from Vadodara won Glamanand Miss Teen India International 2019 title|access-date=2019-12-21|archive-date=2019-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020225822/https://www.newfrenzy.org/aayushi-dholakia-from-vadodara-won-glamanand-miss-teen-india-international-2019-title/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Miss Teen International 2019 ===
Aayushi represented [[India]] in the [[Miss Teen International 2019]] pageant held in [[New Delhi]], India where she was crowned Miss Teen International 2019 by outgoing queen Odalys Duarte of [[Mexico]]. Competing against 20 contestants from around the globe, Aayushi became the first [[Indian people|Indian]] to win the Miss Teen International crown in the pageant's 27-year history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/aayushi-dholakia-crowned-miss-teen-international-2019-first-indian-in-27-years-to-win-the-prestigious-title-view-pics-1420119.html|website=latestly.com|title=Aayushi Dholakia Crowned Miss Teen International 2019, First Indian in 27 Years to Win the Prestigious Title}}</ref> During the final question and answer portion, the contestants were asked different questions by the host, including "Do you believe that when the entire world had just an international federal government with no split nation, then globe might have already been a significantly better destination?"

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Portal|India}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{S-bef
| before = [[Manipur]] [[Thounaojam Strela Luwang]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Femina Miss India 2024|Femina Miss India 2nd Runner-Up]]
| years = 2024
}}
{{s-aft
| after = {{tableTBA}}
}}
{{S-bef
| before = Simran Saini
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Femina Miss India 2024|Femina Miss India Gujarat 2024]]
| years = 2024
}}
{{s-aft
| after = {{tableTBA}}
}}
{{S-bef
| before = {{Flagicon|Mexico}} Odalys Duarte
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Miss Teen International
| years = 2019
}}
{{s-aft
| after = {{flagicon|Vietnam}} Ngô Ngọc Gia Hân
}}
{{S-bef
| before = [[Ritika Khatnani]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Miss Teen India
| years = 2019
}}
{{S-aft
| after = Rashi Parasrampuria
}}
{{S-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dholakia, Aayushi}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Female models from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Beauty pageant contestants from India]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Katakadond Vittal Dondiba

2024-08-17T21:37:56Z

Saileshchauhan: started new page with sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Katakadond Vittal Dondiba
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| office = Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2023
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Devanand Fulasing Chavan]]
| successor =
| constituency = [[Nagthan Assembly constituency|Nagthan]]
| term_start1 = 2008
| term_end1 = 2013
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 = Raju Alagur
| constituency1 = [[Nagthan Assembly constituency|Nagthan]]
| spouse =
| chief minister =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}

'''Katakadond Vittal Dondiba''' is an Indian politician and member of the [[Indian National Congress]]. He is a member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Nagthan Assembly constituency|Nagthan]] in [[Vijayapura district]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Nagthan Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/nagthan-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-7795495.html |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagthan Election and Results 2023, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/nagthan.html |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dondiba, Katakadond Vittal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Karnataka-INC-politician-stub}}

Dosti... Yaariyan... Manmarziyan

2024-08-07T22:08:24Z

Saileshchauhan: put up some pg first draft - done

{{About||2018 Hindi film|Manmarziyaan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox television
|image = Dosti... Yaariyan... Manmarziyan.jpg
|caption =
|genre = [[Coming Of Age]] [[Drama]]
|creator = [[Swastik Productions]]
|writer = Anshuman Sinha Radhika Anand Jaya Misra Prakriti Mukherjee
|director = Pushkar Mahabal
|creative_director = Rishi Rajendra, Nitin Gupta
|starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
|country = India
|language = Hindi
|num_seasons = 1
|num_episodes = 118
|list_episodes =
|producer = Siddharth Kumar Tiwari Gayatri Gil Tewary Rahul Kumar Tewary
|editor =
|location = [[Hrishikesh]] [[Mumbai]]<ref name=dna1/>
|runtime =
|company = Swastik Productions
|channel = [[StarPlus]]
|first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|4|13|}}
|last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2015|8|29|}}
}}

'''''Dosti... Yariyaan... Manmarziyan''''' is an Indian television drama series which aired from 13 April to 29 August 2015 on [[StarPlus]].<ref name=dna1>{{cite web|date=5 January 2015|title=New TV shows to roll in 2015 - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-new-tv-shows-to-roll-in-2015-2049633|access-date=29 July 2024|last=Unnikrishnan|first=Chaya|work=Daily News & Analysis}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tere Sheher Mein to replace Manmarzian|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Tere-Sheher-Mein-to-replace-Manmarzian/articleshow/48466950.cms|last=Bhatia|first=Saloni|access-date=29 July 2024|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 August 2015 }}</ref> The series was produced by Siddharth Kumar Tewary and directed by Pushkar Mahabal for Swastik Productions.<ref name="ie1">{{cite web|date=21 November 2014|title=Kashmira Irani to make a comeback with Manmarziyan|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/kashmira-irani-to-make-a-comeback-with-manmarziyan/|access-date=18 September 2016}}</ref> It starred [[Monica Sehgal]], [[Aham Sharma]], [[Shravan Reddy]] and [[Kashmira Irani]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Coutinho|first=Natasha|date=6 June 2015|title=When opposites do attract...|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150606/entertainment-tvmusic/article/when-opposites-do-attract|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref> The series, set in [[Mumbai]], focuses on two young women from contrasting backgrounds who work in an office and want to find the courage to live their own lives.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150531/commentary-sunday-chronicle/article/friendly-competition|title=Friendly competition|date=30 May 2015|work=Deccan Chronicle|last=Varma|first=Lipika|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>

==Plot==
Radhika Mishra and Samaira Khanna are best friends. Radhika, an easygoing and optimistic young woman from [[Rishikesh]], wants to be a writer. Her grandfather inspires her to live life to the fullest. Saral Joshi is deeply in love with her, wants to marry her.

Samaira is an independent, bubbly, fun-loving young woman who works at Birdsong Advertising Agency in Mumbai. Neil Malhotra, Sam's friend since childhood, also works at Birdsong and is secretly in love with her. Sam has a poor relationship with her mother, Piyali, who blames her for her son Jay's death.

Radhika befriends Sam and Neil when they go to Rishikesh to shoot an advertisement. Radhika helps Sam by providing her with a [[tagline]] for the ad. Seeing her talent, Sam and Neil encourage Radhika to focus on writing. She and Saral get engaged; she moves to Mumbai and begins working at Birdsong.

Sam fights with her mother and leaves Birdsong. She meets Arjun Mehra, who saves her from a dog. However, he is Birdsong's new head of business operations and wants to sabotage Sam.

After overhearing an argument between her parents, Sam leaves home. Radhika's colleagues play a practical joke on her, causing her to get home late; her relatives throw her out. Arjun offers Sam a house; she and Radhika move into it, and Radhika mends Sam's relationship with Piyali.

Sam slowly falls in love with Arjun and proposes to him, which upsets Neil. Radhika becomes suspicious of Arjun and warns Sam, who breaks up with him. Sam and Neil go to [[Lonavala]] to look for a shooting location. Arjun, wanting to reconcile with Sam, goes to Lonavla to meet her; Radhika accompanies him, however, and prevents him from doing so.

In Lonavla, while trying to save Arjun, Radhika has an accident. Arjun brings her to the hospital; she realizes that Arjun is a good person, and regrets misunderstanding him.

Arjun and Sam reconcile. Arjun then falls for Radhika, however, because of her selflessness, loyalty and kindness. Mala (Radhika's mother) and Saral go to Mumbai, and Sam and Arjun get engaged.

Nandini, Arjun's adopted sister and a former Birdsong employee, had had an extra-marital affair with Samrat Khanna (Sam's father); however, he returned to his family. Nandini was devastated and suicidal, ten-year-old Arjun saw her mental state, and became bitter. She seeks revenge from Samrat for her misfortune.

Arjun's growing love for Radhika makes him guilty. Realising that Arjun loves Radhika, Nandini manipulates Saral into marrying Radhika without letting Arjun know. Radhika decides to quit her job when Saral blackmails her. However, Arjun advises Radhika not to marry Saral and to focus on her dreams. When she refuses to marry Saral, he tries to marry her forcefully but Arjun stops the wedding. Radhika develops respect for and trust in Arjun, which makes him feel guilty for trying to ruin Sam's life.

Nandini misleads Sam into believing that Radhika is trying to get between her and Arjun. Radhika discovers Arjun's motives and tries to save Sam from Nandini's plan by marrying Arjun. This jeopardises Sam and Radhika's friendship, and Neil consoles the heartbroken Sam.

Nandini asks Arjun to divorce Radhika and court Sam. Arjun tries to manipulate Sam again, but he still loves Radhika and does not want to divorce her. Radhika is determined to save Sam, who tries to get Arjun back and ruin Radhika's life despite Neil's warning.

Radhika learns that Nandini plans to kill Sam without Arjun's knowledge, and realises that Nandini has been using Arjun to seek revenge. After she learns about his innocence, she falls in love with Arjun. Radhika shows Arjun Nandini's true colors, shattering him. He tells Nandini to leave.

Radhika decides to go back to Rishikesh, but Arjun asks her to stay. Since she knows that Sam loves him, however, she leaves.

Neil and Sam then realise that they love each other, and marry. Neil, Sam and Arjun go to Rishikesh to bring Radhika back. Arjun apologizes, and proposes to her romantically.

Two years pass. Arjun and Radhika are happily married, and Radhika receives an award as best [[Copywriting|copywriter]] of the year. Radhika, Samaira, Neil and Arjun continue to work together at Birdsong.

==Cast==
*[[Monica Sehgal]] as Radhika Mehra (nee: Mishra): Dilip and Mala's daughter; Ridheema and Ankush's younger sister; Suraj's grand-daughter; Sam's best-friend; Arjun's wife.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 April 2015|title=From You Tube to TV!|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/from-youtube-to-tv-69451|access-date=29 July 2024|work=The Tribune}}</ref>
*[[Kashmira Irani]] as Samaira "Sam" Malhotra (nee: Khanna) : Samrat's daughter; Jay and Manya's sister; Radhika's best-friend; Arjun's ex-fiancee; Neil's childhood friend turned wife.
*[[Aham Sharma]] as Arjun Mehra: head of the Birdsong advertising agency; Sam's ex-fiance; Radhika's husband.
*[[Shravan Reddy]] as Neil Malhotra: Arjun's friend; Sam's childhood friend turned husband
*Rohan Tewary as ten-year-old Arjun
*Pooja Kapoor as eight-year-old Sam
*Karan Khanna as Saral Joshi; Ridheema's husband.
*[[Jason Tham]] as Teji, Radhika's colleague
*Dev Kapoor as Zubin, Radhika's colleague
*[[Shaiza Kashyap]] as Kritika, Radhika's colleague
*Shreya Sharma as Susan
*Amit Dhawan as Sapan
*[[Shilpa Saklani]] as Nandini<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kavita-likes-to-do-her-own-makeup-for-show/articleshow/47396951.cms|last=Bhatia|first=Saloni|title=Kavita likes to do her own makeup for show|date=24 May 2015|work=The Times of India|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>
*[[Mohan Kapoor]] as Samrat Khanna, Sam, Manya and Jay's father and founder of Birdsong
*Gagan Singh as Jay Khanna, Sam's elder brother, who dies at a young age
*Orvana Ghai as Manya Khanna, Sam's younger sister<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Real-daughter-to-play-Kavita-Ghais-on-screen-daughter/articleshow/48003681.cms|title=Real daughter to play Kavita Ghai's on-screen daughter|last=Maheshwri|first=Neha|date=10 July 2015|work=The Times of India|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>
*Vidyadhar Karmarkar as Suraj Mishra, Radhika's grandfather<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Vidyadhar-Karmarkar-oldest-actor-on-television/articleshow/47015664.cms|title=Vidyadhar Karmarkar oldest actor on television|date=22 April 2015|work=The Times of India|access-date=23 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427020939/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Vidyadhar-Karmarkar-oldest-actor-on-television/articleshow/47015664.cms|archive-date=27 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Sadanand Patil as Dilip Mishra, Radhika, Riddhima and Ankush's father
*Ushma Rathod as Mala Dilip Mishra, Radhika, Riddhima and Ankush's mother
*[[Ridheema Tiwari]] as Ridheema Joshi (nee: Mishra), Radhika and Ankush's elder sister, who is married to Saral's elder brother<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ridheema-Tiwari-to-play-her-namesake-in-Manmarziyan/articleshow/46430602.cms|last=Maheshwri|first=Neha|title=Ridheema Tiwari to play her namesake in Manmarziyan|work=The Times of India|date=9 April 2015|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>
*Aashish Mahrotra as Ankush Mishra, Radhika's elder brother and Saral's friend
*[[Pooja Sharma (Indian actress)|Pooja Sharma]] (cameo appearance)<ref>{{cite news|date=6 March 2015|title=Pooja Sharma to do cameo in 'Manmarziyan'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/pooja-sharma-to-do-cameo-in-manmarziyan/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>

=={{anchor|Filming|Cancellation}}Production==
''Dosti... Yaariyan... Manmarziyan''{{'s}} opening scenes were filmed in [[Rishikesh]]; other scenes were filmed in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite news|date=7 April 2015|title='Manmarzian' gets the 'Aisha' touch|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/manmarzian-gets-the-aisha-touch/|access-date=29 July 2024|work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 April 2015|title='Dosti…Yariyaan…Manmarzian' actress Monica Sehgal faints while shooting|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/dosti-yariyaan-manmarzian-actress-monica-sehgal-faints-while-shooting/|access-date=29 July 2024|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> Due to low ratings, the series was cancelled within four months of its premiere.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 July 2015|work=The Times of India|title=Blink & miss shows on television|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi//photostory/47893852.cms|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Critical reception===
According to a ''[[The Times of India|Times of India]]'' review, "Manmarziyan have created characters which are real and relatable to the youth today."<ref>{{cite news|date=31 July 2015|title=Top 5 must watch shows on 'Friendship's Day|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi//photostory/48291706.cms|access-date=29 July 2024|work=The Times of India}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the series two-and-a-half stars: "What struck us was the freshness of the show. Monica Sehgal leaves quite an impression, whereas veteran Kashmira Irani who makes a comeback on television after seven years still knows how to make an impact on-screen. The show also scores some brownie points by exploiting the unmatched beauty of real locations."<ref>{{cite news|last=Kapoor|first=Jaskiran|date=27 June 2017|title=Tv show Dosti… Yariyaan… Manmarziyan: So far there are little complaints|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/play/out-of-the-box-of-friends-and-big-dreams/|access-date=29 July 2024|work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Awards and accolades}}Award nominations===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Person
!Result
|-
|rowspan=3|2015
|rowspan=3|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
|Best Cinematographer
|Sayak Bhattacharya
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Director
|Pushkar Mahabal
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Editor
|Satya Sharma
|{{nom}}{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.hotstar.com/#!/dosti--yaariyan--manmarzian-3289-s Dosti, Yaariyan, Manmarzian] on [[hotstar]]

{{Star Plus Shows}}

[[Category:2015 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2015 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]
[[Category:Swastik Productions television series]]