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Abbas the Great

2026-05-29T01:49:54Z

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{{short description|Shah of Safavid Iran from 1587 to 1629}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Abbas the Great {{langn|fa| شاه عباس بزرگ}}
| title = Šāhanšāh-e Īrān ([[King of Kings of Iran]])<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Lenczowski |editor-first=George |editor-link=George Lenczowski |date=1978 |title=Iran under the Pahlavis |publisher=Hoover Institution Press |p=79 |isbn=9780817966416 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Sperl |editor-first1=Stefan |editor-last2=Shackle |editor-first2=Christopher |date=February 1996 |title=Qasida poetry in Islamic Asia and Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=1 - Classical Tradition and Modern Meanings |p=193 |isbn=9789004102958 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Halm |first=Heinz |date=2004 |others=translated by Janet Watson, Marian Hill |title=Shi'ism |edition=2nd, illustrated |publisher=Columbia Univ. Press |p=80 |isbn=9780231135863 }}</ref> Ẓellollāh ([[Shadow of God]]){{sfnp|Quinn|2015|loc=ch. Shah Abbas and political legitimacy}} Ṣāḥeb-e Qerān-e ʿAlāʾ (Supreme Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction){{sfnp|Quinn|2015|loc=ch. Shah Abbas as the 'Supreme Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'}}
| more =
| image = 12 Abu'l Hasan Jahangir Welcoming Shah 'Abbas, ca. 1618, Freer Gallery of Art, Washington DC (portrait).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Portrait by [[Bishandas]] {{circa|1618}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jahangir Entertains Shah Abbas, from the St. Petersburg Album |website=National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution |url=https://asia.si.edu/explore-art-culture/collections/search/edanmdm:fsg_F1942.16a/ }}</ref>{{efn|"[[Bishandas]], the artist of this double portrait, was commended by Jahangir as "without equal in drawing likenesses". He had been sent to accompany a diplomatic mission to Iran from 1613-20 in order to 'take the likeness of the Shah ['Abbas I] and his chief statesmen." Quoted from {{harvp|Crill|Jariwala|2010|p=88}}.}}
| succession = [[List of monarchs of Persia|Shah of Iran]]
| reign = 1 October 1587 – 20 January 1629
| coronation = 1588
| cor-type = [[Coronation of the Iranian monarch|Coronation]]
| predecessor = [[Mohammad Khodabanda]]
| successor = [[Safi of Persia|Safi]]
| birth_date = 27 January 1571
| birth_place = [[Herat]], [[Safavid Iran]] (modern-day [[Afghanistan]])
| death_date = 19 January 1629 (aged 57)
| death_place = [[Farahabad, Mazandaran|Farahabad]], Safavid Iran
| burial_place = [[Mausoleum of Shah Abbas I]], Kashan, Iran
| spouse = {{plainlist|
*Oghlan Pasha Khanum
*[[Yakhan Begum]]
*Fakhr Jahan Begum
*[[Princess Marta of Kakheti|Princess Marta]]
*Fatima Sultan Begum
*[[Tamar Amilakhori]]}}
| spouse-type = Consort
| issue = See [[Abbas I of Persia#Family|below]]
| issue-link =
| issue-pipe =
| full name = {{langx|en|Abbas the Great}} {{langx|fa|عباس بزرگ}}
| house = [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]]
| house-type = Dynasty
| father = [[Mohammad Khodabanda]]
| mother = [[Khayr al-Nisa Begum]]
| religion = [[Twelver Shi'ism]]
| module = {{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| battles = {{Hidden
|Treelike list
|{{tree list}}
* {{Ill|Khorasan Wars|fa|جنگ‌های خراسان (۱۵۸۰)}}
* [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)]]
* [[Persian–Uzbek wars]]
** {{Interlanguage link|Uzbek invasion of Khorasan (1529)|fa|3=جنگ ایران با ازبک‌ها (۱۵۹۲)}}
** [[Battle of Herat (1598)]]
** [[Battle of Balkh (1602)]]
* [[Ottoman–Safavid war (1603–1612)]]
**[[Safavid capture of Tabriz (1603)]]
**[[Battle of Urmia (1604)]]
**[[Abbas I's Shirvan campaign]]
**[[Siege of Dimdim]]
**[[Battle of Sufiyan]]
**[[Siege of Ganja (1606)]]
**[[Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns]]
* [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1616–1618)]]
** {{Ill|Battle of Tabriz (1618)|fa|نبرد تبریز (۱۶۱۸)}}
* [[Mughal–Persian wars]]
** [[Siege of Kandahar (1605–1606)]]
** [[Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)]]
* [[Portuguese–Safavid wars]]
**[[Safavid conquest of Bahrain]]
** [[Capture of Cambarão]]
** [[Anglo-Persian capture of Qeshm|capture of Qeshm]]
** [[Anglo-Persian capture of Hormuz|capture of Hormuz]]
* [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–1639)]]
** [[Capture of Baghdad (1624)]]
** [[Siege of Baghdad (1625–1626)]]
** [[Safavid invasions of Basra]]
*[[Kartli-Kakhetian Uprising (1625)]]
**[[Battle of Martkopi]]
**[[Battle of Marabda]]
{{tree list/end}}
|-
|style=text-align:center;
}}
}}
| burial_date =
| signature =
}}
'''Abbas I''' ({{langx|fa|عباس یکم|translit=Abbâs-e Yekom}}; 27 January 1571 – 19 January 1629),{{r|n=Munshi1629_xvii|r={{harvp|Munshi|1978|loc=Vol. I pp. [https://archive.org/details/monshi-shah-abbas-english/Monshi_Shah-Abbas_English/page/XVII/mode/1up XVII-XVIII (Foreword by Ehsan Yarshater)]}}.}} commonly known as '''Abbas the Great''' ({{langx|fa|عباس بزرگ|translit=Abbâs-e Bozorg|links=no}}), was the fifth [[Safavid Iran|Safavid]] [[shah]] of Iran from 1588 to 1629.{{r|Munshi1978_220}} The third son of Shah [[Mohammad Khodabanda]], he is generally considered one of the most important rulers in Iranian history and the greatest ruler of the Safavid dynasty.

Although Abbas would reign over Safavid Iran at its military, political and economic height, he came to the throne during a period of instability in the empire. Under the ineffective rule of his father, the country was riven with discord between the different factions of the [[Qizilbash]] army, who killed Abbas' mother and elder brother. Meanwhile, Iran's main enemies, its archrival, the [[Ottoman Empire]], and the [[Khanate of Bukhara|Uzbeks]], exploited this political chaos to seize territory for themselves. In 1588, one of the Qizilbash leaders, Murshid Quli Khan, overthrew Shah Mohammed in a [[coup]] and placed the 16-year-old Abbas on the throne. However, Abbas soon seized power for himself.

Under his leadership, Iran developed the ''[[Gholaman-e khasseh-ye sharifeh|gholam]]'' system where thousands of [[Circassians|Circassian]], [[Georgians|Georgian]], and [[Armenians|Armenian]] slave-soldiers joined the civil administration and the military, thus creating a new strata in Iranian society, this was initiated by his predecessors but significantly expanded during his rule. This allowed Abbas to eclipse the power of the Qizilbash in the civil administration, the royal house, and the military. These actions, as well as his reforms of the Iranian [[Military of the Safavid dynasty|army]], enabled him to fight the Ottomans and Uzbeks and reconquer Iran's lost provinces, including [[Kakheti]], whose people he subjected to [[Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns|widescale massacres and deportations]]. By the end of the [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–1618)|1603–1618 Ottoman War]], Abbas had regained possession over [[South Caucasus]] and [[Dagestan]], as well as swaths of [[Western Armenia]] and [[Mesopotamia]]. He also took back land from the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] and the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] and expanded Iranian rule and influence in the [[North Caucasus]], beyond the traditional territories of Dagestan.

Abbas was a great builder and moved the empire's capital from [[Qazvin]] to [[Isfahan]], and transformed the city into a masterpiece of Safavid architecture. In his later years, following a court intrigue involving several leading Circassians, Abbas became suspicious of his own sons and had them killed or blinded.

Shah Abbas changed the empire, which was mainly held together by the strong beliefs of [[Qizilbash|several militant tribes]] (''Qizilbash''), into a unified and stable monarchy. He strengthened the state by securing its borders, improving its economy, setting up a centralised administration, and creating a regular army (''Shahsavan'') that reported directly to him instead of tribal leaders. His keen economic and commercial understanding brought wealth and prosperity to the nation. Internal stability and consistent regulations encouraged agricultural growth. Infrastructure projects which included roads and public buildings, were carried out on an unprecedented scale, and enabled the flourishing of crafts and industries. As a skilled diplomat with a broad outlook, Shah Abbas sought political and economic ties with Western countries, and foreign ambassadors were warmly welcomed at his court.{{r|Munshi1629_xvii}}

== Early life ==
[[File:A Safavid portrait of Shah Abbas (1571-1629) as a young man (detail), Iran, c. 1590, with a scene from Layla and Majnun above.jpg|upright=1|thumb|right|Portrait of Shah Abbas as a young man. Painted {{circa|1590}}.]]
Abbas I claimed a fictitious lineage going back to [[Fatima]] and [[Ali]].{{efn|"It is true that during their revolutionary phase (1447–1501), Safavi guides had played on their descent from the family of the Prophet. The hagiography of the founder of the Safavi order, Shaykh Safi al-Din Safvat al-Safa written by Ibn Bazzaz in 1350-was tampered with during this very phase. An initial stage of revisions saw the transformation of Safavi identity as Sunni Kurds into Arab blood descendants of Muhammad." Quoted from {{harvp|Babayan|2002|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=WLoUePLTdfgC&pg=PA143 143]}}.}}{{sfnp|Munshi|1978|loc=Vol. I p. [https://archive.org/details/monshi-shah-abbas-english/Monshi_Shah-Abbas_English/page/13/mode/1up 13]}} He was born on 27 January 1571, in [[Herat]], and was the third son of [[Mohammad Khodabanda]] and his wife, [[Khayr al-Nisa Begum]].{{Sfnp|Savory|2018}} His father was the first-born son of [[Tahmasp I]], the second Shah of Safavid Iran. He chose the name Abbas for the infant.{{Sfnp|Rahimlu|2015}} Abbas' father, Mohammad Khodabanda, was the governor of Herat, the capital city of the major province of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]].{{Sfnp|Mitchell|2009|p=160}} Mohammad Khodanbanda was disqualified from succeeding his father because an eye disease had left him almost completely blind. The Safavid court chronicler, [[Iskandar Beg Munshi|Iskandar Beg Monshi]], describes Mohammad Khodabanda as ‘a pious, ascetic and gentle soul’.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=16}} Abbas' mother, Khayr al-Nisa Begum, was the daughter of Mir Abdollah II, a local ruler in the province of [[Mazandaran province|Mazandaran]] from the [[Mar'ashis|Mar'ashi dynasty]] who claimed descent from the fourth Shi'ia imam, [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin]].{{Sfnp|Savory|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/71/mode/1up 71]}} She and Mohammad Khodabanda had already two children before Abbas, Hassan and [[Hamza Mirza Safavi|Hamza]], and she gave birth to two more sons later: [[Abu Talib Mirza|Abu Taleb]] and Tahmasp.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=17}}

When Abbas was barely eighteen months old, he was separated from his father and his mother, who were transferred by Tahmasp to govern the city of [[Shiraz]].{{Sfnp|Rahimlu|2015}} The nominal governorship of Herat was handed over to Abbas. At first, Tahmasp intended to make Hamza the governor of Herat, but Khayr al-Nisa Begum was unwilling to be separated from Hamza, who was her favourite son. So she persuaded the shah to appoint Abbas instead.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=17}} The fact that Abbas was still a baby was not considered an obstacle, as Tahmasp himself had been appointed titular governor of Khorasan at the age of two.<ref>{{harvp|Mitchell|2009|last1=|p=58}}; {{harvp|Blow|2009||last1=|year=|p=17}}.</ref>

Shah Qoli Sultan Ustajlu, an ''[[Emir|amir]]'' from one of the [[Qizilbash]] tribes called the [[Ustajlu]] tribe, was appointed as the actual governor and as Abbas's ''[[Lala (title)|lala]]'' (guardian).{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=17}} Abbas's Qizilbash guardians and their wives became substitute parents for him. He never saw his mother again and only saw his father fifteen years later.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=17}} Abbas learnt the necessary skills of a soldier from his Qizilbash guardians. He played polo and went frequently on hunts. Like most Iranian shahs, he developed a passion for hunting, which was regarded as a form of military training.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=18}} Abbas was educated alongside household "slaves" (ghulams), who would have become his childhood companions. Some or perhaps most of them are likely to have been [[Georgians]], [[Armenians]] or [[Circassians]].{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=19}}

[[File:AliGholiKhanShamlu.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Portrait of [[Ali-Qoli Khan Shamlu]], protector of the young Abbas. Painted in 1584.{{sfnp|Necipogulu|Roxburgh|2000|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=6aQSy07yzR0C&pg=PA64 64 fig.20, 66]}}]]
On 14 May 1576, Tahmasp I died without a designated heir, which led to the realm descending into civil war. The following day, Tahmasp I's favourite son, [[Haydar Mirza Safavi|Haydar Mirza]], proclaimed himself shah with the support of the Ustajlu tribe and the powerful court Georgians. However, he was immediately overthrown and killed by the ''[[Qurchi (royal bodyguard)|qurchis]]'' (the royal bodyguards).{{sfnp|Savory|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/69/mode/1up 69]}} After his death, with the support of the majority of the Qizilbash tribes and the endorsement of Tahmasp's influential daughter, [[Pari Khan Khanum]], Ismail Mirza, who had been imprisoned by his father for twenty years, was crowned king as [[Ismail II]].{{sfnp|Savory|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/69/mode/1up 69]}} The new shah's reign turned out to be short and murderous. The long years of imprisonment had left him suffering from paranoia, with the result that he saw enemies everywhere who had to be eliminated.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=21}} First and foremost, he began murdering most of the members of Ustajlu tribe regardless of whether or not they had supported Haydar Mirza. He also executed people whose only crime was having held a position during Tahmasp's reign.<ref>{{harvp|Blow|2009||last1=|year=|p=21}}; {{harvp|Savory|1980|p=69}}.</ref> The young Abbas was directly affected by his uncle's purge when a group of horsemen rushed into his guardian's house, Shah Qoli Sultan, and killed him.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=21}}

[[File:Strangulation of Khayr al-Nisa Begum, at the Safavid court. Nusretname (1584).jpg|upright|thumb|The strangulation of Safavid queen [[Khayr al-Nisa Begum]], mother of Abbas, by the [[Qizilbash]] on 26 July 1579. ''[[Nusretname]]'' (1584).<ref name="Ul799">{{harvnb|Uluç|2013|p=799}} "An unusual miniature from the Ottoman historian Gelibolulu Mustafa Ali's (d. 1600) Nusretname (the Book of Victory) dated 992 H./1584 from the Topkapı Palace Museum Library (H. 1365, fol. 229r, fig. 1), representing the murder of the Safavid Begum."</ref>]]
Ismail then turned on his family. He ordered the execution of many of his half-brothers, cousins and nephews.{{sfnp|Newman|2006|p=42}} He spared Mohammad Khodabanda, possibly because they were full-brothers and perhaps because Mohammad Khodabanda was already blind and disqualified as a possible claimant to the throne.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=21}} In November 1577, however, Ismail dispatched [[Ali-Qoli Khan Shamlu|Ali-Qoli Khan]] from the [[Shamlu]] tribe to Herat to kill the young Abbas.{{Sfnp|Rahimlu|2015}} Ali-Qoli delayed Abbas' execution, giving as a reason that it would be "inappropriate" to execute an "innocent" descendant of a [[Sayyid|seyed]] on holy days (''[[Qadr Night]]'' and ''[[Eid al-Fitr]]''). This delay saved Abbas' life, for on 24 November 1577, Ismail II died from consuming poisoned [[opium]], and Ali-Qoli Khan assumed the governorship of Herat and the role of guardian of Abbas.{{Sfnp|Savory|2017}}

On 11 or 13 February 1578, Mohammad Khodabanda was chosen by the Qizilbash as the new shah.{{Sfnp|Savory|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/70/mode/1up 70]}} The new shah appeared weak, indifferent and incompetent. In these circumstances power soon passed into other hands.{{Sfnp|Roemer|1986|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=EF_4AQeOltUC&pg=PA253 253]}} Abbas' mother, Khayr al-Nisa Begum, was a strong-willed woman. She took complete charge of the administration and made all the decisions, even in military matters. The Qizilbash were not happy to see her taking power. The divisions in the Safavid court encouraged rebellions in various parts of the country and the old Qizilbash rivalries rose again, with the Ustajlu and Shamlu tribes immediately confronting each other.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=22}} Mohammad Khodabanda and the queen asked Ali-Qoli Khan to bring Abbas to Qazvin, fearing that Ali-Qoli Khan was conspiring to enthrone Abbas, but the Qizilbash amirs of Khorasan argued that with the threat of the [[Uzbeks]] of [[Khanate of Bukhara|Bukhara]] raiding near Herat, the presence of a prince in the city was necessary.{{Sfnp|Rahimlu|2015}}

The weak state of the realm led to the [[Ottoman Empire]] [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)|declaring war against Iran in 1578]]. The Safavid armies suffered several defeats before Khayr al-Nisa Begum organised a counter-offensive. Together with her son, Hamza Mirza and the [[List of Safavid grand viziers|grand vizier]], [[Mirza Salman Jaberi]], she led an army north to confront the Ottoman and [[Tatars|Tatar]] forces in [[Shirvan]]. But her attempt to dictate the campaign strategy angered the Qizilbash amirs.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=23}} Eventually, on 26 July 1579, the Qizilbash stormed into the [[harem]] where the queen resided and strangled Khayr al-Nisa Begum.{{Sfnp|Roemer|1986|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=EF_4AQeOltUC&pg=PA255 255]}} Although Abbas was still only a boy and barely knew his mother, her murder at the hands of the Qizilbash made a deep impression on him. That experience probably led to his belief that the power of the Qizilbash had to be broken.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=24}}

== Ascension ==
After the queen's death, Hamza Mirza, aged eleven, was proclaimed crown prince.{{Sfnp|Roemer|1986|p=256}} The Qizilbash found no reason to fear a child. So they took control over the realm while fighting among themselves over the division of power.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|pp=25–26}} The conflict was most intense at the court in Qazvin and in Khorasan, where Ali-Qoli Khan Shamlu, and his principal ally, Murshid Qoli Khan Ustajlu, had for some time been at war with the [[Turkmens|Turkman]] governor of [[Mashhad]], Morteza Quli Khan Pornak.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=26}} The Takkalu tribe eventually seized the power in Qazvin and proceeded to purge a number of prominent Shamlu members, among them being the mother and father of Ali-Qoli Khan. This angered Ali-Qoli Khan and, just as the queen had predicted, in 1581, he took arms against the crown and made his ward, the ten-year-old Abbas, the figurehead of a rebellion in Khorasan by proclaiming him Shah of Iran.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=26}} Ali-Qoli and Murshid Qoli Khan took control of [[Nishapur]]; there, they struck coins and read ''[[Khutbah|khutba]]'' in Abbas' name.{{Sfnp|Rahimlu|2015}}

{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 400
| caption_align = center
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = Prince ʽAbbās enthroned, proclaimed Shah in Khorasan in 1581.jpg
| image2 = Shah Abbas in Khorasan.jpg
| footer = Prince ʽAbbās enthroned, proclaimed Shah in Khorasan in 1581. Page from [[Ahmad Monshi Ghomi]]'s ''[[Kholāsat al-tavārikh]]'' (c.1630–50).<ref>{{cite web |title=[DE-SBB] Ms. or. fol. 2202 Berlin State Library - Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation KOHD |url=https://www.qalamos.net/receive/DE1Book_manuscript_00015263 |website=www.qalamos.net |publisher=Qalamos |quote=Image 824 can be dated to 1630–1650; image '''822''' belongs to the same style but has much larger figures and is probably by a different hand.}}</ref>
}}
In the following year, an army from western Iran advanced into Khorasan to resolve the situation. This army laid siege to [[Torbat-e Heydarieh]], where Murshid Qoli was in control, and on Herat, where both Ali-Qoli Khan and Abbas resided. Both attempts proved futile.<ref>{{harvp|Roemer|1986|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=EF_4AQeOltUC&pg=PA259 259]}}; {{harvp|Rahimlu|2015}}.</ref> Upon hearing the news of another Ottoman attack on northwest Iran, the leading ministers of the campaign hurriedly reached an agreement with Ali-Qoli Khan. The former rebel suffered no repercussions and only had to pledge loyalty to Hamza Mirza as the [[heir apparent]]. He remained as the governor and as Abbas' guardian and even received a reward from the shah. Mohammad Khodabanda removed Ali-Qoli Khan's old enemy, Morteza Quli Khan Pornak, from his position as governor of Mashhad and replaced him with an Ustajlu amir. According to Iskandar Beg Monshi, many came to believe Abbas Mirza's claim would eventually prevail over Hamza Mirza's.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=27}}

Meanwhile, Hamza Mirza was preoccupied with pushing the Ottomans out of [[Tabriz]].{{Sfnp|Roemer|1986|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=EF_4AQeOltUC&pg=PA260 260]}} However, he became caught up in the rivalries between the [[Qizilbash]] tribes and angered his officers by executing the [[Qizilbash]] governor of [[Azarbaijan]].{{Sfnp|Savory|2012}} On 5 December 1586, he was assassinated by his personal barber, who might have been bribed by a group of Qizilbash conspirators. This assassination provided a pathway for Abbas' ascension.{{Sfnp|Roemer|1986|p=261}}

In the meantime, in Khorasan, Murshid Qoli Khan emerged as a rival to Ali-Qoli. He successfully seized Mashhad and abducted Abbas from Ali-Qoli's possession.{{Sfnp|Savory|2018}} An Uzbek invasion advanced through Khorasan and laid siege to Herat. This threatened Murshid Qoli's position who realised it was his last chance to enthrone Abbas. Many of the Qizilbash amirs gave their assurance of their support for placing Abbas on the throne. After learning that Mohammad Khodabanda had left Qazvin to confront rebels in the south, Murshid Qoli Khan decided to strike.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=29}}

During the first ten days of Ramadan 1586, Abbas, his guardian and a small escort of not more than a few hundred horsemen, decided to ride towards Qazvin.<ref>{{harvp|Roemer|1986|p=261}}; {{harvp|Rahimlu|2015}}.</ref> As they rode along the Silk Road, Qizilbash amirs from the powerful Takkalu, Afshar and Zul al-Qadr tribes, who controlled many of the key towns on the way, came to pledge their allegiance. By the time they approached Qazvin, their small force had increased to 2,000 armed horsemen. The lord mayor of Qazvin and the Qizilbash amirs inside the city at first urged resistance. But they gave up when crowds of citizens and soldiers, anxious to avoid fighting, came out onto the streets and voiced their support for Abbas, who rode into the capital beside Murshid Qoli Khan in late-September 1587.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|p=29}}

Mohammad Khodabanda and his heir apparent, Abu Taleb Mirza, and their entourage of Ustajlu and Shamlu amirs, were camped 200 miles away in the city of [[Qom]]. When the news reached them, the amirs decided to abandon the shah and his heir for Abbas Mirza.{{Sfnp|Blow|2009|pp=29–30}} Mohammad Khodabanda decide that he had no choice but to abdicate. On 1 October 1587, at a ceremony in the palace in Qazvin, he placed his crown on the head of his seventeen-year-old son, who ascended the throne as Abbas I. Murshid Qoli Khan, to whom Abbas owed the crown, was rewarded with the title of ''[[vakil]]'' ([[viceroy]]).<ref>{{harvp|Savory|2018}}; {{harvp|Rahimlu|2015}}.</ref>

==Rule as shah==
===Abbas takes control===
{{see also|Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)}}
[[File:Entrance of Safavid Prince Heydar Mirza (detail), son of Hamza Mirza, in Istanbul as an hostage in 1590. Divan of Mahmud Abd al-Baki, 1590–95.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Shah Abbas had to give his young nephew [[Haydar Mirza]] as a hostage to the Ottoman court, in order to seal the [[Treaty of Constantinople (1590)|Peace Treaty of Constantinople]] in 1590.{{sfnp|Casale|2023|p=149}}]]
The empire Abbas inherited was in a desperate state. The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] had seized vast territories in the west and the north-west (including the major city of [[Tabriz]]) and the [[Uzbeks]] had overrun half of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] in the north-east. Iran itself was riven by fighting between the various factions of the [[Qizilbash]], who had mocked royal authority by killing the queen in 1579 and the [[grand vizier]] [[Mirza Salman Jaberi]] in 1583.

Firstly, Abbas settled his score with his mother's killers, executing three of the ringleaders of the plot and exiling four others.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=36}} His next task was to free himself from the power of Murshid Qoli Khan. Murshid made Abbas marry Hamza's widow and a Safavid cousin, and began distributing important government posts among his own friends, gradually confining Abbas to the palace.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=37}} Meanwhile, the Uzbeks continued their conquest of Khorasan. When Abbas heard they were besieging his old friend Ali Qoli Khan Shamlu in Herat, he pleaded with Murshid to take action. Fearing a rival, Murshid did nothing until the news came that Herat had fallen and the Uzbeks had slaughtered the entire population. Only then did he set out on campaign to Khorasan.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=38}} But Abbas planned to avenge the death of Ali Qoli Khan, and he arranged for four Qizilbash leaders to kill Murshid after a banquet on 23 July 1589. With Murshid gone, Abbas could now rule Iran in his own right.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=38–9}}<ref>{{harvp|Newman|2006|p=50}}</ref>

Abbas decided he must re-establish order within Iran before he took on the foreign invaders. To this end he made a humiliating peace treaty, known as the [[Treaty of Constantinople (1590)|Treaty of Constantinople]], with the Ottomans in 1590, ceding to them the provinces of [[Azerbaijan province (Safavid Iran)|Azerbaijan]], [[Safavid Karabakh|Karabagh]], [[Safavid Shirvan|Shirvan]], and [[Safavid Daghestan|Dagestan]], as well as parts of [[Safavid Georgia|Georgia]], [[Safavid Lorestan|Lorestan]] and [[Safavid Kurdistan|Kurdistan]]. This demeaning treaty even ceded the previous capital of [[Tabriz]] to the Ottomans.{{sfnp|Savory|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/77/mode/1up 77]}}{{sfnp|Newman|2006|p=52}}{{sfnp|Roemer|1986|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=EF_4AQeOltUC&pg=PA266 266]}} Finally, Shah Abbas had to give as hostage to the Ottomans one of the possible successors to the Safavid throne: his nephew the young [[Haydar Mirza]] was sent to Constantinople in 1590, where he would die in 1596.{{sfnp|Casale|2023|p=149}}

===Reducing the Qizilbash's power and Caucasus invasions===
[[File:Sultan Abbas I, Chehel Sotoun, 1647 painting.jpg|thumb|Near-contemporary portrait of Shah Abbas I, from the Palace of [[Chehel Sotoun]], [[Isfahan]]. Commissioned by his grandson [[Abbas II of Persia|Abbas II]], circa 1647–50.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Melville |first1=Charles |title=Safavid Persia in the Age of Empires: The Idea of Iran |date=2021 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-7556-3379-1 |volume=10 |p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=NaALEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA357 357]}}</ref>]]
The [[Qizilbash]] had provided the backbone of the [[Military of the Safavid dynasty|Safavid army]] from the very beginning of Safavid rule and they also occupied many posts in the government. As a result, effective power in the state in the early days of the dynasty was held by the Qizilbash, leaving the shah often powerless. To counterbalance their power and as a decisive answer to this problem, Abbas turned to the newly introduced members of Iranian society (an initiative put in place by Shah [[Tahmasp I]]) the ''ghulams'' (a word literally meaning "slaves"). From these newly introduced slaves, the Shah created a military force of up to 37,000 soldiers, completely funded by the Crown. This weakened the power that the Qizilbash had against the crown significantly as they no longer had a "military monopoly" in Iran.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cleveland |first1=William L. |last2=Bunton |first2=Martin |date=2016 |title=A History of the Modern Middle East |edition=6th |publisher=Westview Press |isbn=9780813349800 |p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernm0000clev_l4x8/page/50/mode/1up 50] }}</ref> Like the [[janissaries]] of the neighbouring [[Ottoman Empire]], the ''[[ghilman|ghulams]]'' were mainly [[Georgians]], [[Circassians]] and [[Armenians]] who had been brought into Iran ''en masse'' (by conquest and slave trade), had converted or had been converted to Islam, and had taken up service in the army, royal household or the civil administration, and were loyal only to the shah.{{r|n=Roemer1986_265|r={{harvp|Roemer|1986|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=EF_4AQeOltUC&pg=PA265 265]}}.}}{{r|n=Savory2018_EI|r={{harvp|Savory|2018}}.}} Under Abbas' leadership this new grouping in Iranian society (also called the ''third force''){{sfnp|Wallbank|1992|p=369}} grew in influence and power, with many thousands of ethnic [[Georgians]], [[Circassians]] and [[Armenians]] becoming an integral part of Iranian society and taking up key government, royal household and military positions.

Tahmasp I, the second Safavid shah, had realised, by looking at his own empire and that of the neighbouring Ottomans, that he faced ongoing threats from dangerous rival factions and internal family rivalries that were a threat to him as the head of state. If not properly managed, these rivalries represented a serious threat to the ruler or could lead to unnecessary court intrigues. For Tahmasp, the problem revolved around the military tribal elite of the empire, the Qizilbash, who believed that physical proximity to and control of a member of the immediate Safavid family guaranteed spiritual advantages, political fortune and material advancement.{{sfnp|Mitchell|2012}}

Therefore, between 1540 and 1555, Tahmasp conducted a series of invasions of the [[Caucasus]] region which provided battle experience for his soldiers, as well as leading to the capture of large numbers of [[Christianity|Christian]] Circassian and Georgian slaves (30,000 in just four raids).{{sfnp|Mitchell|2012}} These slaves would form the basis of a Safavid military slave system.{{sfnp|Streusand|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicgunpowder0000stre/page/148/mode/1up 148]}} These slaves would serve a similar role in their formation, implementation and use to the [[janissaries]] of the neighbouring Ottoman Empire.{{sfnp|Bosworth|2013}} Their arrival in such large numbers led to the formation of a new grouping in Iranian society solely composed of ethnic Caucasians. Although the first slave soldiers would not be organised until Abbas' reign, during Tahmasp's time Caucasians would already become important members of the royal household, the [[harem]] and in the civil and military administration.{{sfnp|Manz|Haneda|2016|}}{{sfnp|Lapidus|2012|p=[https://archive.org/details/globalhistoryofp0000lapi/page/494/mode/1up 494, 496]}}

[[File:Shah-Abbas-portrait-Echmiadzin-Cathedral-Armenia.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Abbas the Great on [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral]], Vagharshapat, Armenia]]
Learning from his grandfather, Abbas (who had been used by the vying Qizilbash factions during his youth){{r|Savory2018_EI}} decided to encourage this new (Caucasian) grouping in Iranian society, as he realised that he must impose his authority on the Qezelbāš or remain their puppet. So Abbas single-handedly encouraged the growth in influence and power of this new grouping, also called the ''third force''. It is estimated that during Abbas' reign alone some 130,000 to 200,000 Georgians,{{r|n=Mikaberidze_2015|r={{harvp|Mikaberidze|2015|pp=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=JNNQCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA291 291], [https://books.google.ca/books?id=JNNQCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA535 535-6]}}}}{{sfnp|Blow|2009|p=174}}{{r|n=Munshi1978_116|r={{harvp|Munshi|1978|loc=Vol. I p. [https://archive.org/details/monshi-shah-abbas-english/Monshi_Shah-Abbas_English/page/116/mode/1up 116]}}}}{{sfnp|Matthee|2013a}} tens of thousands of [[Circassians]], and around 300,000 [[Armenians]]{{r|n=Bournoutian2003_208|r={{harvp|Bournoutian|2003|p=208}}.}}{{r|n=Aslanian2011_1|r={{harvp|Aslanian|2011|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=l0Kn-DMl5ZoC&pg=PA1 1]}}.}} were [[Great Surgun|deported]] from the Caucasus to Persia's heartland, with a significant number gaining responsibilities and roles in Iranian society, including some of the highest positions of the state, including the ''ghulam'' corps. Many of those deported from the Caucasus settled in various regions of Iran and became craftsmen, farmers, cattle breeders, traders, soldiers, generals, governors and peasants within Iranian society.{{sfnp|Matthee|1999|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=5U0yECMV--wC&pg=PA63 63]}} As part of the ghulam slave system, Abbas greatly expanded the ghulam military corps (also known as ''ḡolāmān-e ḵāṣṣa-ye-e šarifa'', "crown servants") from just a few hundred during Tahmasp's era, to 15,000 highly trained cavalrymen,{{sfnp|Blow|2009|p=37}} as part of a whole army division of 40,000 [[Peoples of the Caucasus|Caucasian]] ghulams. Abbas then reduced the number of Qizilbash provincial governorships and systematically moved Qizilbash governors to other districts, thus disrupting their ties with the local community and reducing their power. Most were eventually replaced by ghulams, whose loyalty was to the shah.

By 1595, [[Allahverdi Khan]], a [[Georgians|Georgian]], had become one of the most powerful men in the Safavid state{{sfnp|Savory|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/81/mode/1up 81]}} when he was appointed the Governor-General of [[Safavid Fars|Fars]], one of the richest provinces in Persia. His power reached its peak in 1598, when he became the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces.{{sfnp|Savory|1980|p=82}} Not only did the ghulam system allow the shah to control and manage the rival Qizilbash Turks and Persians, it also resolved budgetary problems, in the short term at least,{{r|Savory2018_EI}} for by restoring the Shah's complete control of the provinces formerly governed by the Qizilbash chiefs, the provinces' revenues now supplemented the royal treasury. From now on, government officials collected the taxes and remitted them directly to the royal treasury. In the harem, the Circassians and Georgians rapidly replaced the Turcoman factions gaining, as a result, a significant direct influence on the [[meritocratic]] Safavid bureaucracy and the court of the Safavid state.<ref name="Mit69">{{harvp|Mitchell|2011|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=1uCaELAsv3MC&pg=PA69 69]}}.</ref>{{sfnp|Savory|1980|pp=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/183/mode/1up 183–4]}}

The Georgians and Circassians struggle against the Qizilbash for power and influence, with the related court intrigues, saw queens (and their supporters in the harem, court and bureaucracy) compete against each other in order to get their own sons on the throne. This competition increased under Abbas and his successors which weakened the dynasty considerably.{{sfnp|Manz|Haneda|2016|}} Abbas' own son, Crown Prince [[Mohammad Baqer Mirza]], was caught in a court intrigue involving several leading Circassians, which eventually led to his execution under Abbas' orders.

Though the ''ghulam'' system did not work as well as it had after the Safavids, the ''third force'' would continue to play a crucial role during the rest of the Safavid era and later until the end of the [[Qajar Iran|Qajar era]].{{sfnp|Manz|Haneda|2016|}}

===Reforming the army===
[[File:Sir Robert Shirley by Anthony Van Dyck 1622 Rome.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Anthony Shirley]] and [[Robert Shirley]] (''pictured in 1622'') helped modernise the Persian Army.]]
Abbas needed ten years to get his army into shape so that he could effectively confront his Ottoman and Uzbek enemies. During this period, the Uzbeks and the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] took swaths of territory from Iran.{{r|n=Hoiberg2010_9|r={{harvp|Hoiberg|2010|p=9}}.}} He also used military reorganisation as another way of side-lining the Qizilbash.{{sfnp|Axworthy|2007|pp=134–135}} He created a standing army of many thousands of ''ghulams'' (always conscripted from ethnic Georgians and [[Circassians]]), and to a much lesser extent Iranians, to fight alongside the traditional, feudal force provided by the Qizilbash. The new army regiments' loyalty was to the Shah. The new army consisted of 10,000 to 15,000 cavalry or squires (conscripted Caucasian ''ghulams'') armed with muskets and other weapons (then the largest cavalry in the world<ref name=BBCheels>{{harvp|Kremer|2013}}.</ref>), a corps of musketeers, or ''[[Military of the Safavid dynasty#Tofangchi|tufangchiyan]]'',{{r|Roemer1986_265}} (12,000 strong) and a corp of artillery, called ''tupchiyan''{{r|Roemer1986_265}} (also 12,000 strong). In addition Abbas had a personal bodyguard, composed of Caucasian ghulams, that was increased to 3,000. This force amounted to about 40,000 soldiers paid for and beholden to the Shah.{{r|Roemer1986_265}}{{sfnp|Savory|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/79/mode/1up 79]}}{{r|n=NahBom1998_1412|r={{harvp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=141–2}}.}}

Abbas greatly increased the number of cannon at his disposal so that he could field 500 cannon in a single battle.{{r|NahBom1998_1412}} Ruthless discipline was enforced and looting was severely punished. Abbas was also able to draw on military advice from a number of European envoys, particularly the English adventurers Sir [[Anthony Shirley]] and his brother [[Robert Shirley]], who arrived in 1598 as envoys from the [[Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex|Earl of Essex]] on an unofficial mission to persuade Persia to enter into an anti-Ottoman alliance.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=143}}

From 1600 onwards, the Safavid statesman [[Allahverdi Khan|Allāhverdī Khan]], in conjunction with Robert Shirley, undertook further reorganisations of the army, which led to a further increase in the number of ''ghulams'' to 25,000.{{sfnp|Savory|2017a}}

===Consolidation of the Empire===
During the 1590s, Abbas moved to depose the provincial rulers of Persia. He started with [[Khan Ahmad Khan]], the ruler of [[Gilan]], who had disobeyed Abbas' orders when he requested that Khan Ahmad Khan's daughter [[Yakhan Begum]] marry Abbas' son, [[Mohammad Baqer Mirza]], since Khan Ahmad Khan had no male successor. Khan Ahmad Khan disagreed due to the age of his daughter. This resulted in a Safavid invasion of Gilan in 1591 under the leadership of one of Abbas' favourites, [[Farhad Khan Qaramanlu]]. In 1593–94, [[Jahangir III]], the [[Paduspanid]] ruler of [[Nur, Iran|Nur]], travelled to the court of the Abbas, where he handed over his domains to him, and spend the rest of his life on an estate at [[Saveh]], which Abbas had given to him. In 1597, Abbas deposed the [[Khorshidi dynasty|Khorshidi]] ruler of [[Lorestan province|Luristan]]. One year later, [[Jahangir IV]], the Paduspanid ruler of [[Kojur]], killed two prominent Safavid nobles during a festival in [[Qazvin]]. In response, in 1598 Abbas invaded his domains and besieged Kojur. Jahangir managed to flee, but was captured and killed by a pro-Safavid Paduspanid named Hasan Lavasani.{{sfnp|Madelung|2016}}

==Reconquest==
===War against the Khanate of Bukhara===
Abbas' first campaign with his reformed army was against the Uzbeks who had seized Khorasan and were ravaging the province. In April 1598 he went on the attack. One of the two main cities of the province, [[Mashhad]], was easily recaptured but the Uzbek leader Din Mohammed Khan was safely behind the walls of the other chief city, Herat. Abbas managed to lure the Uzbek army out of the town by feigning a retreat. A bloody battle ensued on 9 August 1598, in the course of which the Uzbek khan was wounded and his troops retreated (the khan was murdered by his own men during the retreat). However, during the battle, Farhad Khan had fled after being wounded and was later accused of fleeing due to cowardice. He was nevertheless forgiven by Abbas, who wanted to appoint him as the governor of Herat, which Farhad Khan refused. According to Oruch Beg, Farhad Khan's refusal made Abbas feel that he had been insulted. Due to Farhad Khan's arrogant behaviour and his suspected treason, he was seen as a threat to Abbas, so Abbas had him executed.{{sfnp|Matthee|2013}} Abbas then converted Gilan and Mazandaran into the crown domain (''[[khasseh]]''), and appointed Allahverdi Khan as the new commander-in-chief of the Safavid army.{{sfnp|Matthee|2013}}

By 1599, Abbas had captured not only Herat and Mashhad, but had moved as far east as [[Balkh]]. This was a short-lived victory and he could only settle on controlling only some of this conquest, because the new ruler of the Transoxiana, [[Baqi Muhammad Khan]] returned Balkh to Uzbek domain after defeating Safavid army led by Abbas near Balkh in 1602. By 1603, the battle lines had stabilized despite the loss of the majority of the Safavid artillery to Uzbeks. Abbas was able to hold onto most of Khorasan, including Herat, [[Sabzevar]], [[Farah, Afghanistan|Farah]], and [[Nisa, Turkmenistan|Nisa]].{{sfnp|Roemer|1986|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=EF_4AQeOltUC&pg=PA267 267]}}

Abbas' north-east frontier was now safe for the time being and he could turn his attention to the Ottomans in the west.{{sfnp|Savory|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/84/mode/1up 84]}} After defeating the Uzbeks, he moved his capital from [[Qazvin]] to [[Isfahan]].{{r|Hoiberg2010_9}}

===War against the Ottomans===
{{see also|Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–1612)|Ottoman–Safavid War (1616–1618)|Capture of Baghdad (1624)|Siege of Baghdad (1625–1626)}}
[[File:RecaptureOfTabrizByShahAbbas1.jpg|thumb|upright|Drawing of the [[Capture of Tabriz (1603)|capture of Tabriz]] and the parading before [[Shah Abbas I]] of the severed heads of Ottoman soldiers. Drawn by a European traveller, 1603.]]
The Safavids had not yet beaten their archrival, the Ottomans, in battle. After a particularly arrogant series of demands from the Ottoman ambassador, the Shah had him seized, had his beard shaved and sent it to his master, the sultan, in Constantinople. This was effectively a declaration of war.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=147–8}} In the resulting conflict, Abbas first recaptured [[Nahavand]] and destroyed the fortress in the city, which the Ottomans had planned to use as an advance base for attacks on Iran.{{sfnp|Savory|1980|p=85}} The next year, Abbas pretended he was setting off on a hunting expedition to Mazandaran with his men. This was merely a ruse to deceive the Ottoman spies in his court – his real target was Azerbaijan.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=148–9}} He changed course for Qazvin where he assembled a large army and set off to retake Tabriz, which had been in Ottoman hands for some time.

[[File:Tabriz is plundered by the Ottoman army of The Grand Vizier Ḫalīl Paşa (1618).jpg|thumb|left|Tabriz is plundered by the Ottoman army of the Grand Vizier [[Damat Halil Pasha]] in 1618, during the [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1616–1618)]]. ''[[Şehname-i Nadiri]]''.<ref name="YO">{{Cite thesis |last1=Yıldız |first1=Özlem |date=August 2017 |title=The Sultan and his commanders: representations of ideal leadership in the Şehname-i Nadiri |degree=MA |publisher=[[Sabancı University]] |p=36–7 |url=https://www.academia.edu/38971770/Introduction_The_Sultan_and_His_Commanders_Representations_of_Ideal_Leadership_in_the_Şehname_i_Nadiri_MAthesisSabancı2017}}</ref>]]
For the first time, the Iranians made great use of their artillery and the town – which had been ruined by Ottoman occupation – soon fell.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=149–50}} Abbas set off to besiege [[Yerevan]], a town that had become one of the main Ottoman strongholds in the Caucasus since the Safavids had ceded it in 1590. It finally fell in June 1604 and with it the Ottomans lost the support of most Armenians, Georgians and other Caucasians. But Abbas was unsure how the new Sultan [[Ahmed I]], would respond and withdrew from the region using scorched earth tactics.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=150–1}} For a year, neither side made a move, but in 1605, Abbas sent his general [[Allahverdi Khan]] to meet Ottoman forces on the shores of [[Lake Van]]. On 6 November 1605 the Iranians, led by Abbas, scored a decisive victory over the Ottomans [[Battle of Sufiyan|at Sufiyan]], near Tabriz.{{sfnp|Savory|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/87/mode/1up 87]}} In the [[Caucasus]], during the war Abbas also managed to capture what is now [[Kabardino-Balkaria]]. The Persian victory was recognised in the [[Treaty of Nasuh Pasha]] in 1612, effectively granting them back suzerainty over most of the [[Caucasus]].

Several years of peace followed as the Ottomans carefully planned their response. But their secret training manoeuvres were observed by Iranian spies. Abbas learnt that the Ottoman plan was to invade Iran via Azerbaijan, take Tabriz then move on to [[Ardabil]] and Qazvin, which they could use as bargaining chips in exchange for other territories. The shah decided to lay a trap. He would allow the Ottomans to enter the country, then destroy them. He had Tabriz evacuated of its inhabitants while he waited at Ardabil with his army. In 1618, an Ottoman army of 100,000 led by the [[Grand vizier|Grand Vizier]] [[Damat Halil Pasha]] invaded and easily seized Tabriz.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=153}} The vizier sent an ambassador to the shah demanding he make peace and return the lands taken since 1602.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=154}} Abbas refused and pretended he was ready to set fire to Ardabil and retreat further inland rather than face the Ottoman army.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=155}} When Halil Pasha heard the news, he decided to march on Ardabil right away. This was just what Abbas wanted. His army of 40,000 was hiding at a crossroads on the way and they ambushed the Ottoman army in a battle, which ended in complete victory for the Iranians.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=156}}

In 1623, Abbas decided to take back Mesopotamia, which had been lost by his grandfather Tahmasp through the [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555)]].{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=157–8}} Profiting from the confusion surrounding the accession of the new Ottoman Sultan [[Murad IV]], he pretended to be making a pilgrimage to the Shi'ite shrines of Karbala and Najaf, but used his army to seize Baghdad.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=158}} However, Abbas was then distracted by a rebellion in Georgia in 1624 led by [[Giorgi Saakadze]] thus allowing an Ottoman force to besiege Baghdad, but the Shah came to its relief the next year and [[Siege of Baghdad (1625–1626)|defeated the Turkish army decisively.]]{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=158–9}} In 1638, however, after Abbas' death, the Ottomans retook Baghdad, and the Iranian–Ottoman border was finalised to be roughly the same as the current Iran–Turkey and Iran–Iraq borders.

===Quelling the Georgian uprisings===
{{See also|Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns}}
[[File:Standing Portrait of Shah Abbas I with one attendant, Mo'in-i Musavver (1632-1633, dated 1042 AH), Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Harvard University Art Museums, 1960.48.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Shah Abbas I and a Page. Painted in 1632-33 by [[Mo'in-i Musavver]]. Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Harvard University Art Museums, 1960.48.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Kangal |editor-first=Selmin |date=2000 |title=The Sultan's portrait: picturing the house of Osman |series=On the occasion of the namesake exibition held at the Topkapi Palace Museum, Isranbul - 6 June to 6 September 2000 |publisher=[[İşbank]] |isbn=9789754582192 |url=https://www.academia.edu/42537068 |at=p. 52, figure 13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Portrait of Shah Abbas I and a Page, folio from an album (Harvard Art Museums) |url=https://harvardartmuseums.org/collections/object/216106 |website=harvardartmuseums.org |publisher=Harvard Museum |language=en}}</ref>]]
Between 1614 and 1616, during the [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1616–1618)|Ottoman–Safavid War]], Abbas suppressed a rebellion led by his formerly loyal [[Georgians|Georgian]] subjects [[Luarsab II]] and [[Teimuraz I of Kakheti]] (also known as ''Tahmuras Khan)''.

In 1606, Abbas had appointed these Georgians onto the thrones of Safavid vassals [[Kingdom of Kartli|Kartli]] and [[Kingdom of Kakheti|Kakheti]], at the behest of Kartlian nobles and Teimuraz's mother [[Ketevan the Martyr|Ketevan]]; both seemed like malleable youths.{{sfnp|Rayfield|2013|p=187}} However, tensions soon arose between the Shah and the Georgian kings. In 1613, when the Shah summoned them to join him on a hunting expedition in [[Mazandaran province|Mazandaran]], they did not appear as they feared that they would be either imprisoned or killed.<ref name=Mit69 /> At this point war broke out, Iranian armies invaded the two territories in March 1614, and the two allied kings subsequently sought refuge in the Ottoman vassal [[Kingdom of Imereti|Imereti]].{{r|n=Rayfield2013_190|r={{harvp|Rayfield|2013|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=PxQpmg_JIpwC&pg=PA190 190]}}.}} Abbas, as reported by the Safavid court historian [[Iskandar Beg Munshi]], was infuriated by what was perceived as the defection of two of his most trusted subjects and ''gholams''.<ref name="Mit69" /> He deported 30,000 Kakhetian peasants to Iran, and appointed a grandson of [[Alexander II of Kakheti]] to the throne of Kakheti, [[Jesse of Kakheti]] (also known as "Isā Khān").<ref name="Mit69" />{{r|Rayfield2013_190}} Raised up at the court in [[Isfahan]] and a [[Shia Islam|Muslim]], he was perceived as fully loyal to the Shah.

Abbas threatened Imeretia with devastation if they did not give up the fugitive kings; the Imeretian, Mingrelian and Gurian rulers jointly refused his demand. Luarsab, however, surrendered voluntarily to the Shah; Abbas initially treated him well but when he learned that Luarsab and Teimuraz had offered an alliance with the Ottomans he demanded that Luarsab accept Islam. When Luarsab refused, he was thrown in prison.{{r|Rayfield2013_190}}

Teimuraz returned to eastern Georgia in 1615, taking advantage of a resurgence in Ottoman–Safavid hostilities, and there he defeated a Safavid force. However, when the Ottoman army postponed its invasion of the Safavids, Abbas was able to briefly send an army back to defeat Teimuraz, and redoubled his invasion after brokering a truce with the Ottomans.{{r|n=Rayfield2013_191|r={{harvp|Rayfield|2013|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=PxQpmg_JIpwC&pg=PA191 191]}}.}} Now Iranian rule was fully restored over eastern Georgia.{{r|n=Mitchell2011_70|r={{harvp|Mitchell|2011|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=1uCaELAsv3MC&pg=PA70 70]}}.}} In a punitive expedition to Kakhetia, his army then killed perhaps 60,000–70,000{{r|Mikaberidze_2015}}{{sfnp|Blow|2009|p=174}}{{r|Munshi1978_116}}{{sfnp|Khanbaghi|2006|p=131}} or 100,000{{r|Rayfield2013_191}} Georgians, with twice as many more being deported to Iran, removing about two-thirds of the Kakhetian population.{{sfnp|Kacharava|2011|pp=3-4}}{{r|Rayfield2013_191}} More refugees were rounded up in 1617.{{r|Rayfield2013_191}} In 1619 Abbas appointed the loyal [[Simon II of Kartli|Simon II]] (or ''Semayun Khan'') as a puppet ruler of Kartli, while placing a series of his own governors to rule over districts where the rebellious inhabitants were mostly located.<ref name="Mit69" />

Having momentarily secured the region, Abbas took further acts of revenge for the recalcitrance of Teimuraz and Luarsab. He castrated Teimuraz's sons, who both died shortly afterwards.{{r|n=Rayfield2013_192|r={{harvp|Rayfield|2013|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=PxQpmg_JIpwC&pg=PA192 192]}}.}} He executed Luarsab in 1622, and in 1624 he had Ketevan, who had been sent to the Shah as a negotiator, tortured to death when she refused to renounce Christianity.{{sfnp|Suny|1994|p=50}}{{sfnp|Asat'iani|Bendianachvili|1997|p=188}}{{r|Rayfield2013_192}} Teimuraz, meanwhile, sought aid from the Ottomans and [[Russia]].{{r|Rayfield2013_192}}

Abbas was then warned of another imminent Kakhetian uprising, so he returned to Georgia in early 1625. He lured Kakhetian soldiers on a false pretext and then began executing them. He also had plans to execute all armed Kartlians, including his own general [[Giorgi Saakadze]]; however Saakadze intercepted a courier and uncovered the plot. Saakadze then defected to the Georgians, and led a new rebellion which succeeded in throwing the Persians out of Kartli and Kakheti while crowning Teimuraz as king of both territories. Abbas counterattacked in June, won the subsequent war and dethroned Teimuraz, but lost half his army at the hands of the Georgians and was forced to accept Kartli and Kakheti only as vassal states while abandoning his plans to eliminate Christians from the area.{{sfnp|Rayfield|2013|pp=193-4}}

Even then, Saakadze and Teimuraz launched another rebellion in 1626, and were effective in clearing Iranian forces from most of the region.{{sfnp|Rayfield|2013|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=PxQpmg_JIpwC&pg=PA197 197]}} Thus, the Georgian territories continued to resist Safavid encroachments until Abbas' death.{{r|Mitchell2011_70}}

===Persian-Mughal relations===
{{Main|Mughal-Safavid War (1622–1623)}}

{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 400
| caption_align = center
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = Shah Abbas and Jahangir in embrace, circa 1618.jpg
| image2 = 13 Abu'l Hasan. The St. Petersburg Album. Allegorical representation of Emperor Jahangir and Shah 'Abbas са.1618 Freer and Sackler Gallery, Washington DC (cropped).jpg
| footer = Shah Abbas (left) in embrace with [[Jahangir]] (right), standing on top of the world. Contemporary Mughal painting by [[Abu'l-Hasan (artist)|Abu'l Hasan]], circa 1618, of an imaginary encounter between the two rulers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emperor Jahangir embraces Shah Abbas |url=https://asia.si.edu/explore-art-culture/collections/search/edanmdm:fsg_F1945.9a/ |website=National Museum of Asian Art}}</ref>
}}

The Safavids were traditionally allied with the Mughals in India against the Uzbeks, who coveted the province of Khorasan. The Mughal emperor [[Humayun]] had given Abbas' grandfather, Shah Tahmasp, the province of [[Kandahar]] as a reward for helping him regain his throne.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=120}}{{sfnp|Eraly|2000|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=04ellRQx4nMC&pg=PA263 263]}} In 1590, profiting from the confusion in Iran, Humayun's successor [[Akbar the Great|Akbar]] seized Kandahar. Abbas continued to maintain cordial relations with the Mughals, even though he pursued the return of Kandahar.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=121}}

In 1613, the Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]] sent an embassy to the Persian court, led by [[Khan ‘Alam]]. The embassy would remain until 1619.<ref name="SQ"/> Khan ‘Alam brought numerous gifts to Shah Abbas, including jewelry, and rare objects.<ref name="SQ"/> He spent five years at the Safavid court, where he was in close contact with Shah Abbas.<ref name="SQ"/> Upon his return, Khan ‘Alam left with gifts for Jahangir, including 240 portraits of [[Timur]] and his descendants.<ref name="SQ"/> The embassy famously included the Mughal painter [[Bishandas]], to paint the portraits of Shah Abbas and other leading Persian figures such as Abbas's second son [[Soltan Mohammad Mirza]], [[Saru Taqi]] or [[Isa Khan Safavi|Isa Khan]].<ref name="SQ">{{harvnb|Quinn|2015|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=qBy9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT110 110]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Balabanlilar |first1=Lisa |title=The Emperor Jahangir: Power and Kingship in Mughal India |date=16 April 2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-83860-044-0 |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UnTQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA91 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="LC32">{{cite book |last1=Pal |first1=Pratapaditya |title=Indian Painting, Volume 1 |date=1993 |publisher=Los Angeles County Museum of Art |page=32 |isbn=978-0-8109-3465-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/indianpaintingca01palp/page/32/mode/2up}}</ref>

Finally, in 1620, a diplomatic incident, in which the Iranian ambassador refused to bow down in front of the Emperor [[Jahangir]], led to war.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=123–4}} India was embroiled in civil turmoil and Abbas realized that he needed just a lightning raid to take back the far easternmost town of Kandahar in 1622.

After the conquest, he was very conciliatory to Jahangir, claiming he had only taken back what was rightly his and disavowing any further territorial ambitions.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=124}}{{sfnp|Eraly|2000|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=04ellRQx4nMC&pg=PA264 264]}} Jahangir was not appeased but he was unable to recapture the province. A childhood friend of Abbas, named [[Ganj Ali Khan]], was then appointed as the governor of the city, which he would govern until his death in 1624/5.{{sfnp|Parizi|2013}}{{sfnp|Babaie|Babayan|Baghdiantz-McCabe|Farhad|2004|p=94}}

===War against the Portuguese===
{{Main|Safavid–Portuguese conflicts|Capture of Ormuz (1622)}}

Abbas the Great effectively safeguarded the integrity of Persian borders, expelled the Portuguese from [[Hormuz Island]] in the [[Persian Gulf]], and solidified Iran's identity as a national state.{{r|Munshi1629_xvii}}

During the 16th century, the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] had established bases in the Persian Gulf.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=159}} In 1602, the Iranian army under the command of [[Imam Quli Khan (governor)|Imam Quli Khan]] [[Undiladze]] managed to expel the Portuguese from [[Bahrain]].{{sfnp|Cole|1987|p=186}} In 1622, with the help of four English ships, [[Capture of Ormuz (1622)|Abbas retook]] [[Hormuz Island|Hormuz]] from the Portuguese.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=161}} He replaced it as a trading centre with a new port, [[Bandar Abbas]], nearby on the mainland, but it never became successful.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=162}}

==Shah and his subjects==
[[File:Portrait of Shah ‘Abbas I. Attributed to Bishandas, circa 1617 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Sketch of Shah ‘Abbas I, from life. Attributed to [[Bishandas]], circa 1617.<ref>{{cite web |title=Portrait of Shah 'Abbas I |website=Harvard Art Museums |url=https://hvrd.art/o/199186 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Pal |first=Pratapaditya |date=1993 |title=Indian Painting |volume=1 - 1000-1700 |publisher=Los Angeles County Museum of Art |isbn=9780810934658 |p=[https://archive.org/details/indianpaintingca01palp/page/32/mode/1up 32] }}</ref>]]

===Isfahan: a new capital===
Abbas moved his capital from [[Qazvin]] to the more central city of [[Isfahan (city)|Isfahan]] in 1598. Embellished by a magnificent series of new mosques, baths, colleges, and caravansarais, Isfahan became one of the most beautiful cities in the world. As [[Roger Savory]] writes, "Not since the development of [[Baghdad]] in the eighth century A.D. by the [[Al-Mansur|Caliph al-Mansur]] had there been such a comprehensive example of town-planning in the Islamic world, and the scope and layout of the city centre clearly reflect its status as the capital of an empire."{{sfnp|Savory|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/96/mode/1up 96]}} Isfahan became the centre of Safavid architectural achievement, with the mosques [[Shah Mosque (Isfahan)|Masjed-e Shah]] and the [[Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque|Masjed-e Sheykh Lotfollah]] and other monuments including the [[Ālī Qāpū|Ali Qapu]], the [[Chehel Sotoun]] palace and the [[Naqsh-e Jahan Square]].

In making [[Isfahan]] the centre of the [[Safavid Empire]], Abbas utilized the [[Armenians]], whom he had forcibly relocated to Isfahan from their homeland in the [[Armenian highlands]]. Once they were settled, he allowed them considerable freedom and encouraged them to continue in their [[silk]] trade. Silk was an integral part of the economy and considered to be the best form of hard currency available. The Armenians had already established trade networks that allowed Abbas to strengthen Iran's economy.{{sfnp|Dale|2010|p=94}}

===Arts===
Abbas' painting studios (of the Isfahan school established under his patronage) created some of the finest art in modern Iranian history, by such illustrious painters as [[Reza Abbasi]] and Muhammad Qasim. Despite the ascetic roots of the Ṣafavid dynasty and the religious injunctions restricting the pleasures lawful to the faithful, the art of Abbas' time denoted a certain relaxation of the strictures. The portrait by Muhammad Qasim suggests that the Muslim prohibition against the consumption of wine, as well as that against male intimacy, "were more honoured in the breach than in the observance".{{sfnp|Saslow|1999|p=[https://archive.org/details/picturespassions00sasl/page/147/mode/1up?q=breach 147]}} Abbas brought in 300 Chinese potters to Iran to enhance local production of [[Persian pottery|Chinese-style ceramics]].{{sfnp|Newman|2006|p=67}}

Under Abbas' reign, [[Persian carpet|carpet weaving]] increased its role as an important part of Persian industry and culture, as wealthy Europeans started importing Persian rugs. Silk production became a monopoly of the crown, and manuscripts, bookbinding, and ceramics were also important exports.{{r|Hoiberg2010_9}}

===Attitude towards religious minorities===
Like almost all other Safavid monarchs, Abbas was a [[Shia Islam|Shi'ite Muslim]]. He had a particular veneration for [[Imam Hussein]].{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=96}} In 1601, he made a pilgrimage on foot from Isfahan to Mashhad, site of the shrine of [[Ali ar-Ridha|Imam Reza]], which he restored (it had been despoiled by the Uzbeks).{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=98–9}} Since [[Sunni Islam]] was the religion of Iran's main rival, the Ottoman Empire, Abbas often [[Safavid conversion of Iran from Sunnism to Shiism#Significant figures during the conversion process|treated Sunnis]] living in western border provinces harshly.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=111}}
[[File:Baptistère kelisa-e-vank esfahan.jpg|thumb|{{center|''Kelisa-e Vank'' (the Armenian [[Vank Cathedral]]) in New Julfa}}]]
Abbas was usually tolerant of Christianity. The Italian traveller [[Pietro Della Valle]] was astonished at the Shah's knowledge of Christian history and theology and establishing diplomatic links with European Christian states was a vital part of the shah's foreign policy.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=107}} Therefore, Abbas allowed the establishment of [[Catholic Church in Iran|Roman Catholic missions in Persia]] in his realm and the building of churches and monasteries though he forbade them converting Muslims.{{r|n=Gorder2010_604|r={{cite book |last=Gorder |first=Christian A. Van |date=2010 |title=Christianity in Persia and the Status of Non-Muslims in Modern Iran |publisher=[[The Globe Pequot Publishing Group|Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=9780739136096 |pp=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=FeHAxxEpe-cC&pg=PA60 60–4] }}}}

Abbas' treatment of Armenian Christians varied between different times. Christian [[Armenia]] was [[Persian Armenia (1502–1828)|a key Safavid province]] bordering the Ottoman Empire. While he awarded some Armenians monopolies on his silk trading houses and participated in 1620 in an Armenian religious ceremony, at other times he deported Armenians and in 1621, he set strong economic incentives for Armenians to convert and sent generals to forcibly convert Armenians communities at the edges of his empire.{{r|Gorder2010_604}} From 1604 Abbas implemented a "scorched earth" policy in Persian Armenia to protect his north-western frontier against any invading Ottoman forces, a policy that involved the forced resettlement of up to 300,000 Armenians from their homelands.{{r|Bournoutian2003_208}}{{r|Aslanian2011_1}} The Armenians came primarily from the wealthy Armenian merchant town of [[Jugha]] (also known as Jolfa).{{r|Bournoutian2003_208}} Many were transferred to [[New Julfa]], a town the shah had built for the Armenians primarily meant for these Armenians from Jugha ("Old Julfa"), near his capital Isfahan.{{r|Bournoutian2003_208}}{{r|Aslanian2011_1}} Thousands of Armenians died on the journey. Those who survived enjoyed considerable religious freedom in New Julfa, where the shah built them a new cathedral. Abbas' aim was to boost the Iranian economy by encouraging the Armenian merchants who had moved to New Julfa. As well as religious liberties, he also offered them interest-free loans and allowed the town to elect its own mayor (''kalantar'').{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=209}} Other Armenians were transferred to the provinces of [[Gilan]] and Mazandaran. These were less lucky. Abbas wanted to establish a second capital in Mazandaran, [[Farahabad, Mazandaran|Farahabad]], but the climate was unhealthy and malarial. Many settlers died and others gradually abandoned the city.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=104}}{{sfnp|Jackson|Lockhart|1986|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=fY01Tc2SZVEC&pg=PA454 454]}}{{sfnp|Kouymjian|2004|p=20}}

Abbas was more intolerant of Christians in Georgia, where the threat of rebellion loomed larger. Abbas frequently demanded that nobles convert to Shia Islam, and had [[Ketevan the Martyr]] tortured to death when she refused. Abbas's anger at Georgian rebelliousness also generated his plan to deport or exterminate eastern Georgia's Christians and replace them with [[Turkmens]], which has been described as "genocidal".{{r|Rayfield2013_191}}

==Contacts with Europe==
[[File:Rolka Mechti Kuli Beg.jpg|thumb|Persian ambassador during his entry into [[Kraków]] for the wedding ceremonies of King [[Sigismund III Vasa]] in 1605.]]

Abbas' tolerance towards most Christians was part of his policy of establishing diplomatic links with European powers to try to enlist their help in the fight against their common enemy, the Ottoman Empire. The idea of such an anti-Ottoman alliance was not a new one – over a century before, [[Uzun Hassan]], then ruler of part of Iran, had asked the [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]] for military aid – but none of the Safavids had made diplomatic overtures to Europe and Abbas' attitude was in marked contrast to that of his grandfather, Tahmasp I, who had expelled the English traveller [[Anthony Jenkinson]] from his court upon hearing he was a Christian.{{sfnp|Lockhart|1953|p=[https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.130062/page/n391/mode/1up 347]}} For his part, Abbas declared that he "preferred the dust from the shoe soles of the lowest Christian to the highest Ottoman personage".{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=114}}

[[File:Embassy to Europe.jpg|thumb|left|Canvas by [[Carlo Caliari|Carlo]] and [[Gabriele Caliari]] in the [[Doge's Palace]] in Venice depicting doge [[Marino Grimani (doge)|Marino Grimani]] receiving the Persian ambassadors, 1603]]
[[File:Abbas I as a new Caesar being honoured by the trumpets of fame and the Persian embassy in Allegorie de l Occasion by Frans II Francken 1628.jpg|thumb|Abbas I as a new [[Caesar (title)|Caesar]] being honoured by the Trumpets of Fame, together with the [[Persian embassy to Europe (1609–15)|1609–1615 Persian embassy]], in ''[[:File:Allegorie de l Occasion Frans II Francken 1628.jpg|Allégorie de l'Occasion]]'', by [[Frans II Francken]], 1628.]]
In 1599, Abbas sent his [[Persian embassy to Europe (1599–1602)|first diplomatic mission to Europe]].{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=128}} The group crossed the [[Caspian Sea]] and spent the winter in [[Moscow]], before proceeding through [[Norway]], [[Germany]] (where it was received by [[Emperor Rudolf II]]) to [[Rome]] where [[Pope Clement VIII]] gave the travellers a long audience. They finally arrived at the court of [[Philip III of Spain]] in 1602.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=129}} Although the expedition never managed to return to Iran, being shipwrecked on the journey around Africa, it marked an important new step in contacts between Iran and Europe and Europeans began to be fascinated by the Iranians and their culture – Shakespeare's 1601–02 ''[[Twelfth Night]]'', for example, makes two references (at II.5 and III.4) to 'the [[Sophy (Safavid Empire)|Sophy]]', then the English term for the Shahs of Iran.{{sfnp|Shakespeare|1863|pp=258,262,282}}{{sfnp|Wilson|2010|p=210}} Persian fashions—such as shoes with [[High-heeled footwear|heels]], for men—were enthusiastically adopted by European aristocrats.<ref name=BBCheels/> Henceforward, the number of diplomatic missions to and from Persia greatly increased.{{r|n=NahBom1998_131|r={{harvp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=131}}.}}

The shah had set great store on an alliance with [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]], the chief opponent of the Ottomans in Europe. Abbas offered trading rights and the chance to preach Christianity in Iran in return for help against the Ottomans. But the stumbling block of Hormuz remained, a port that had fallen into Spanish hands when the King of Spain inherited the throne of Portugal in 1580. The Spanish demanded Abbas break off relations with the [[East India Company|English East India Company]] before they would consider relinquishing the town. Abbas was unable to comply.{{r|NahBom1998_131}} Eventually Abbas became frustrated with Spain, as he did with the Holy Roman Empire, which wanted him to make his 400,000+ Armenian subjects swear allegiance to the Pope but did not trouble to inform the shah when the Emperor Rudolf signed a peace treaty with the Ottomans.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=134–5}} Contacts with the Pope, [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland]] and [[Tsardom of Russia|Muscovy]] were no more fruitful.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=136–7}}

More came of Abbas' contacts with the English, although [[Kingdom of England|England]] had little interest in fighting against the Ottomans. The Shirley brothers arrived in 1598 and helped reorganise the Iranian army, which proved to be pivotal for the Safavid victory in the [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–1618)|Ottoman-Safavid War (1603–1618)]] and the first Safavid victory in battle over their neighbouring Ottoman archrivals. One of the Shirley brothers, [[Robert Shirley]], led Abbas' [[Persian embassy to Europe (1609–15)|second diplomatic mission to Europe]] between 1609 and 1615. The English East India Company also began to take an interest in Iran and in 1622 four of its ships helped [[Capture of Ormuz (1622)|Abbas retake Hormuz from the Portuguese]]. The capture of Ormuz gave the opportunity for the Company to develop trade with Persia, attempting to trade English [[cloth]] and other commodities for silk, with did not become very profitable due to the lack of Persian interest and small quantity of English goods.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=161–2}}

==Family tragedies and death==
[[File:Portrait de Shah Abbas Ier et son page - MAO 494 - v5.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Shah Abbas later in life with a page. By [[Muhammad Qasim (miniaturist)|Muhammad Qasim]] (1627).{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=162}}]]

Of Abbas' five sons, three had survived past childhood, so the Safavid succession seemed secure. He was on good terms with Crown Prince [[Mohammad Baqer Mirza]] (born 1587; better known in the West as Safi Mirza).{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|p=235}} In 1614, however, during a campaign in Georgia, the shah heard rumours that the prince was conspiring against him with a leading [[Circassians|Circassian]], [[Farhad Beg Cherkes]]. Shortly after, Mohammad Baqir broke protocol during a hunt by killing a boar before the shah had a chance to put his spear in the animal. This seemed to confirm Abbas' suspicions and he sunk into melancholy; he no longer trusted any of his three sons.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=235–6}} In 1615, he decided he had no choice but to have Mohammad killed. A Circassian named [[Behbud Khan Cherkes|Behbud Beg]] executed the Shah's orders and the prince was murdered in a [[Turkish bath|hammam]] in the city of [[Rasht]]. The shah almost immediately regretted his action and was plunged into grief.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=236–7}}

In 1621, Abbas fell seriously ill. His heir, Mohammad Khodabanda, thought he was on his deathbed and began to celebrate his accession to the throne with his Qizilbash supporters. But the shah recovered and punished his son by blinding him, which would disqualify him from ever taking the throne.{{sfnp|Savory|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/95/mode/1up 95]}} The blinding was only partially successful and the prince's followers planned to smuggle him out of the country to safety with the Mughals whose aid they would use to overthrow Abbas and install Mohammad on the throne. But the plot was betrayed, the prince's followers were executed and the prince himself imprisoned in [[Alamut Castle]] where he would later be murdered by Abbas' successor, Shah Safi.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=240–1}}

Imam Qoli Mirza, the third and last son, then became the crown prince. Abbas groomed him carefully for the throne but, for some reason, in 1627, he had him partially blinded and imprisoned in Alamut.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=241–2}}

Unexpectedly, Abbas now chose as heir the son of Mohammad Baqir Mirza, Sam Mirza, a cruel and introverted character who was said to loathe his grandfather because of his father's murder. Nevertheless, he did succeed Shah Abbas at the age of 17 in 1629, taking the name Shah Safi. Abbas's health was poor from 1621 onwards. He died at his palace in [[Farahabad, Mazandaran|Farahabad]] on the Caspian coast in 1629 and was buried in [[Mausoleum of Shah Abbas I|Kashan]].{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=243–6}}

==Character and legacy==
[[File:Jules Laurens-Aschroff.jpg|thumb|[[Chehel Sotoun (Behshahr)|Chehel Sotoun]] Palace (or Shah Palace) in [[Behshahr]] by [[Jules Laurens]], the palace where Abbas the Great died.]]
[[File:Shah_Abbas_the_Great_tomb.JPG|thumb|Tomb, the [[Mausoleum of Shah Abbas I]].]]
[[File:Shah Abbas Statue.jpg|thumb|The Statue of Shah Abbas, which was on display in [[Isfahan]] before the [[Iranian Revolution]]]]
[[File:Statue of Abbas the Great in Iran.jpg|thumb|The Statue of Abbas the Great in [[Behshahr]], Mazandaran, Iran]]
Abbas projected great military power, regained most of the lands lost by his predecessors, and adopted a set of forward-looking policies designed to optimise military strength, centralise state control, and expand Iran’s internal and international commercial scope. He paired ruthlessness with justice and dealt harshly with threats to his power, while remaining in touch with his people.{{Sfnp|Matthee|2019|p=247}} These qualities ultimately led to his being styled Abbas the Great.{{Sfnp|Savory|1980|pp=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/101/mode/1up 101-3]}}

[[Roger Savory]], in the introduction to the book ''[[Tarikh-e Alam-ara-ye Abbasi]]'', quotes about Shah Abbas.
{{Blockquote
|text="None of the kings who ruled Persia in Islamic times has achieved the fame and glory enjoyed by Shah Abbas the Great. An outstanding monarch of extraordinary ability and drive, he must be considered the chief architect of the modern Iranian state. Shah Abbas is the most celebrated figure of the [[Safavid dynasty]] founded by [[Shah Esma'il I]]."{{r|Munshi1629_xvii}}

}}

Abbas I is generally considered one of the greatest rulers of Iranian history and the Safavid dynasty.{{Sfnp|Thorne|1984|p=1}} According to [[Roger Savory]]: "Shah Abbas I possessed in abundance qualities which entitle him to be styled 'the Great'. He was a brilliant strategist and tactician whose chief characteristic was prudence. He preferred to obtain his ends by diplomacy rather than war, and showed immense patience in pursuing his objectives."{{sfnp|Savory|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/101/mode/1up 101]}} In [[Michael Axworthy|Michael Axworthy's]] view, Abbas "was a talented administrator and military leader, and a ruthless autocrat. His reign was the outstanding creative period of the Safavid era. But the civil wars and troubles of his childhood (when many of his relatives were murdered) left him with a dark twist of suspicion and brutality at the centre of his personality."{{sfnp|Axworthy|2007|p=134}} [[Donald Rayfield]] described him as "exceptionally perspicacious and active," but also "a murderous paranoiac when aroused."{{sfnp|Rayfield|2013|pp=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=PxQpmg_JIpwC&pg=PA179 179, 182]}}

''[[The Cambridge History of Iran]]'' rejects the view that the death of Abbas marked the beginning of the decline of the Safavid dynasty as Iran continued to prosper throughout the 17th century, but blames him for the poor statesmanship of the later Safavid shahs: "The elimination of royal princes, whether by blinding or immuring them in the harem, their exclusion from the affairs of state and from contact with the leading aristocracy of the empire and the generals, all the abuses of the princes' education, which were nothing new but which became the normal practice with Abbas at the court of Isfahan, effectively put a stop to the training of competent successors, that is to say, efficient princes prepared to meet the demands of ruling as kings."{{sfnp|Roemer|1986|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=EF_4AQeOltUC&pg=PA278 278]}}

Abbas was fluent in the Turkic dialect used by the [[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Turkoman]] portion of the multi-ethnic [[Qizilbash]] organization, although he was equally at ease speaking Persian, which was the language of the administration and culture, of the majority of the population, as well as of the court when Isfahan became the capital under his reign (1598).{{sfnp|Blow|2009|p=165}}{{efn|"Shah Abbas moved his capital from [[Qazvin]] to [[Isfahan]]. His reign marked the peak of Safavid dynasty's achievement in art, diplomacy, and commerce. It was probably around this time that the court, which originally spoke a Turkic language, began to use Persian". Quoted from {{harvp|Glassé|2001|p=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas/page/392/mode/1up?q=Qazvin 392]}}.}} According to [[García de Silva Figueroa]], the Spanish ambassador to the Safavid court during Abbas' later reign, he heard Abbas speak [[Georgian language|Georgian]], which he had doubtlessly acquired from his [[Georgians|Georgian]] ''[[Military of the Safavid dynasty#Ghulam|gholams]]'' and concubines.{{sfnp|Blow|2009|pp=166, 118}}

Abbas gained strong support from the common people.{{clarify |date=July 2019 |reason=Where?}} Sources report him spending much of his time among them, personally visiting bazaars and other public places in Isfahan.{{sfnp|Savory|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/page/103/mode/1up 103]}} Short in stature but physically strong until his health declined in his final years, Abbas could go for long periods without needing to sleep or eat and could ride great distances. At the age of nineteen, Abbas shaved off his beard, keeping only his moustache, thus setting a fashion in Iran.{{sfnp|Nahavandi|Bomati|1998|pp=44–7, 57-8}}

Abbas was also a charismatic orator who could persuade and influence people with his eloquence. Classic [[Turkmen people|Turkmen]] poet [[Magtymguly]], who lived a century after Abbas, mentioned him in the poem {{lang|tk|"Zer bolmaz"}} (Not a jewel) with the following verses:
:{{lang|tk-Arab|rtl=yes|{{nastaliq|سخنور من ديان کوپدير جهانده}}}}
:{{lang|tk-Arab|rtl=yes|{{nastaliq|هيچ کيم شاه عباس دک سخنور بولماز}}}}
:There are many who'd say they are good orators,
:Though nobody is as eloquent as Shah Abbas.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nūrmuhammed |first=Ashūrpūr |date=1997 |title=Magtymgulynyn dusundirisli sozlugi |trans-title=Explanatory Dictionary of Magtymguly |publisher=Gonbad-e Qabous |isbn=964-7836-29-5 |p=325 |lang=tk }}</ref>

Shah ‘Abbas, despite his notable achievements, was also an autocrat, often imposing severe penalties and neutralizing many of his relatives. Nevertheless, his leadership, economic knowledge, and vision distinguished him as a notable leader. Stories of his wisdom and fairness have enriched [[Persian folklore]]. The elegant [[caravanserai]]s and public water reservoirs that modern travelers can still observe at ancient Persian waypoints stand as testaments to his achievements.{{r|Munshi1629_xvii}}

==Family==
=== Consorts ===
*A Circassian concubine, mother of Mohammad Baqer Mirza;<ref name="Babayan">{{cite thesis |last=Babayan |first=KKathryn |author-link=Kathryn Babayan |date=1993 |title=The Waning of the Qizilbash: The Spiritual and the Temporal in Seventeenth Century Iran |degree=PhD |publisher=Princeton University |pp=91, 309-10}}</ref>
*Fakhr Jahan Begum, daughter of King [[Bagrat VII of Kartli]] and Queen Anna of Kakheti, and mother of Zubayda Begum;<ref name="Babayan"/>{{sfnp|Mikaberidze|2015|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=JNNQCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61#v=onepage&q&f=false 61]}}{{sfnp|Newman|2006|p=[https://archive.org/details/safavidiranrebir0000newm/page/54/mode/1up 54]}}
*A daughter of Mustafa Mirza (m. 1587), daughter of Mustafa Mirza, son of Shah [[Tahmasp I]];{{r|n=Canby2000_118|r={{cite book |last=Canby |first=Sheila R. |author-link=Sheila R. Canby |date=2000 |title=The Golden Age of Persian Art 1501-1722 |publisher=Harry N. Abrams |isbn=9780810941441 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s-7pAAAAMAAJ |p=118 | access-date=25 November 2021 }}}}{{sfnp|Munshi|1978|loc=Vol. II p. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.38522/page/n11/mode/1up 549]}}
*Olghan Pasha Khanum (m. 1587), daughter of [[Soltan Hosayn Mirza Safavi|Soltan Hosayn Mirza]], son of [[Bahram Mirza Safavi]], and widow of Hamza Mirza;{{r|Canby2000_118}}{{r|n=Munshi1978_220|r={{harvp|Munshi|1978|loc=Vol. I p. [https://archive.org/details/monshi-shah-abbas-english/Monshi_Shah-Abbas_English/page/220/mode/1up 220]}}.}}
*[[Yakhan Begum]] (m. 1 September 1602), daughter of [[Khan Ahmad Khan]] and [[Maryam Begum]];{{sfnp|Newman|2006|p=[https://archive.org/details/safavidiranrebir0000newm/page/201/mode/1up 73 n. 4]}}{{sfnp|Necipogulu|Roxburgh|2000|p=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=6aQSy07yzR0C&pg=PA85 85]}}<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Mazzaoui |editor-first1=Michel M. |editor-last2=Moreen |editor-first2=Vera B. |date=1990 |title=Intellectual Studies on Islam: Essays Written in Honor of Martin B. Dickson |publisher=[[University of Utah Press]] |isbn=9780874803426 |p=[https://archive.org/details/intellectualstud0000unse/page/76/mode/1up?q=1602 242] }}</ref>
*Princess Helena, daughter of King [[David I of Kakheti]] and Queen [[Ketevan the Martyr]];{{sfnp|Mikaberidze|2015|p=61}}<ref name="Allen 2017">{{cite book |editor-last=Allen |editor-first=William E.D. |author-link=William Edward David Allen |date=1970 |title=Russian Embassies to the Georgian Kings, 1589–1605 (2 vols) |others=Translated by Anthony Mango |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] for [[Hakluyt Society]] |isbn=0521010292 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=QywrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT432 |pp=431–2 |access-date=25 November 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Anchabadze |first=Zaza |date=2014 |title=European Georgia: (ethnogeopolitics in Caucasus and Ethnogenetical History of Europe) |isbn=978-9941-0-6322-0 |p=60 |access-date=2 February 2026 |url=https://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/31963/1/European_Georgia.pdf }}</ref>
*[[Princess Marta of Kakheti|Princess Marta]], daughter of King David I of Kakheti and Queen Ketevan the Martyr. They married on 20 September 1604 and divorced in 1614;<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bierbrier |first=Morris |date=1997 |title=The Descendants of Theodora Comnena of Trebizond |journal=The Genealogist |volume=11 |issue=2 |p=244 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert |first=Thomas |date=2012 |orig-date=1677 |title=Travels in Africa, Persia, and Asia the great |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=John A. |series=Medieval and Renaissance texts and studies Series |publisher=[[Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies|ACMRS]] Press |isbn=9780866984751 |p=403 }}</ref>
*Fatima Sultan Begum also known a Peri and Lela, née Tinatin (married 1604 – div.), daughter of King [[George X of Kartli]] and Queen Mariam Lipartiani;{{sfnp|Mikaberidze|2015|p=61}}<ref name="Allen 2017"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Fukasawa |first1=Katsumi |last2=Kaplan |first2=Benjamin J. |last3=Beaurepaire |first3=Pierre-Yves |date=2017 |title=Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=9781351722179 |p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_-AqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA276 276] }}</ref>
*A sister of Ismail Khan, a Circassian, and Abbas' favourite wife;<ref>{{cite book |last=Andrea |first=Bernadette |date=2008 |title=Women and Islam in Early Modern English Literature |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9781139468022 |p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=fzrjqgThl-wC&pg=PA48 48] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Andrea |first=Bernadette |date=2017 |title=The Lives of Girls and Women from the Islamic World in Early Modern British Literature and Culture |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |isbn=9781487501259 |p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=05zCDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 30] }}</ref>
*A daughter of Shaykh Lotfullah Maisi, a Shia theologian;{{sfnp|Quinn|2015|p=54}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Babaie |first=Sussan |date=2008 |title=Isfahan and its Palaces: Statecraft, Shi'ism and the Architecture of Conviviality in Early Modern Iran |series=Edinburgh Studies in Islamic Art Series |publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]] |isbn=9780748633760 |p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Y28xEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA109 109 n. 66] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Indian History Congress |date=2004 |title=Proceedings |volume=64 |p=1242 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NHQMAQAAMAAJ |access-date=25 November 2021 }}</ref>
*[[Tamar Amilakhori]], daughter of Faramarz Amilakhori and sister of [[Abd-ol-Ghaffar Amilakhori]];<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=((Floor)) |editor-first1=Willem |editor-last2=Herzig |editor-first2=Edmund |author-link2=Edmund Herzig |date=2012 |title=Iran and the World in the Safavid Age |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |isbn=9781780769905 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZNpBgAAQBAJ |p=483 |access-date=23 November 2021 }}</ref>

=== Sons ===
[[File:Riza_Khudabanda_Mirza,_second_son_of_Shah_Abbas_I._Mughal_style,_by_or_after_Bishn_Das,_1605-1627.jpg|thumb|upright|Contemporary painting of [[Soltan Mohammad Mirza]], son of Abbas the Great, by or after [[Bishandas]]. Dated 1605–1627]]
*[[Mohammad Baqer Mirza]]{{r|n=Canby2009_21|r={{cite book |last=Canby |first=Sheila R. |author-link=Sheila R. Canby |date=2009 |title=Shah ʻAbbas: The Remaking of Iran |publisher=[[British Museum Press]] |isbn=9780714124520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Co4lAQAAMAAJ |p=21 |access-date=25 November 2021 }}}} (15 September 1587, [[Mashhad]], Khorasan – killed 25 January 1615, [[Rasht]], Gilan), was Governor of Mashhad 1587–1588, and of Hamadan 1591–1592. Married firstly at [[Esfahan]], 1601, Princess Fakhr Jahan Begum, daughter of [[Ismail II]], married secondly [[Dilaram Khanum]], a [[Georgians|Georgian]]. He had issue, two sons:
**Sultan Abul-Naser Sam Mirza, succeeded as [[Safi of Persia|Safi]] – with Dilaram;
**Sultan Suleiman Mirza (killed August 1632 at [[Alamut]], Qazvin) – with Fakhr Jahan;
*Sultan Hasan Mirza{{r|Canby2009_21}} (September 1588, [[Mazandaran]] – 18 August 1591, [[Qazvin]]);
*[[Soltan Mohammad Mirza]]{{r|Canby2009_21}} (18 March 1591, [[Qazvin]] – killed August 1632, [[Alamut]], Qazvin) Blinded on the orders of his father, 1621. Had issue, one daughter:
**Gawhar Shad Begum, married to Mirza Qazi, the Shaykh-ul-Islam of Isfahan;{{r|n=Babayan2002_400|r={{harvp|Babayan|2002|pp=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=WLoUePLTdfgC&pg=PA401 400-1]}}.}}
*Sultan Ismail Mirza{{r|Canby2009_21}} (6 September 1601, [[Esfahan]] – killed 16 August 1613);
*Imam Qoli Mirza<ref name="Babayan"/>{{r|Canby2009_21}} (12 November 1602, [[Esfahan]] – killed August 1632, [[Alamut]], Qazvin) Blinded on the orders of his father, 1627. He had issue, one son:
**Najaf Qoli Mirza<ref name="Babayan"/> ({{circa}} 1625 – killed August 1632, [[Alamut]], Qazvin);

=== Daughters ===
*Shahzada Begum, married to Mirza Mohsin Razavi.{{r|Babayan2002_400}} and had issue two sons;
*[[Zubayda Begum]] (killed 20 February 1632), married to [[Isa Khan Safavi|Isa Khan]] Shaykhavand,{{r|Babayan2002_400}} and had issue a daughter;
**Jahan Banu Begum,<ref name="Babayan"/> married in 1624, [[Simon II of Kartli]],{{sfnp|Rayfield|2013|p=198}} son of [[Bagrat VII of Kartli]] by his wife, Queen Anna, daughter of [[Alexander II of Kakheti]]. She had issue, a daughter:
***Princess Izz-i-Sharif Begum, married to Sayyid Abdullah, son of Mirza Muhammad Shafi. she had issue, a son:
****Sayyid Muhammad Daud, married to Shahr Banu Begum, daughter of [[Suleiman I of Persia|Suleiman I]]. She had issue, two sons including:
*****[[Suleiman II of Persia|Suleiman II]].
*Agha Begum, married to [[Khalifeh Soltan|Sultan al-Ulama Khalife Sultan]],{{r|Babayan2002_400}} and had issue four sons and four daughters;
*Havva Begum (died 1617, Zanjan), married firstly to Mirza Riza Shahristani (Sadr), married secondly to Mirza Rafi al-Din Muhammad (Sadr),{{r|Babayan2002_400}} and had issue three sons;
*Shahr Banu Begum, married to Mir Abdulazim, darughah of Isfahan;{{r|Babayan2002_400}}
*Malik Nissa Begum, married to Mir Jalal Shahristani, the mutvalli of the shrine of Imam Riza;{{r|Babayan2002_400}}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Abbas I, Shah of Iran'''
|2= 2. [[Mohammad Khodabanda|Muhammad Khodabanda, Shah of Iran]]
|3= 3. [[Khayr al-Nisa Begum]]
|4= 4. [[Tahmasp I|Tahmasp I, Shah of Iran]]
|5= [[Sultanum Begum]]
|6= 6. Mir Abdullah Khan II [[Marashis|Marashi]], Ruler of [[Mazandaran Province|Mazandaran]]
|7= Fakhr al-Nisa Begum
|8= 8. [[Ismail I|Isma'il I, Shah of Iran]]
|9= 9. [[Tajlu Khanum]]
|10= 10. Musa Sultan Musullu
|11=
|12= 12. Sultan Mahmud [[Marashis|Marashi]]}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Monarchy|History}}
* [[Battle of DimDim]]
* [[García de Silva Figueroa]]
* [[History of Iran]]
* [[Mausoleum of Shah Abbas I]]
* [[Persian embassy to Europe (1599–1602)]]
* [[Persian embassy to Europe (1609–1615)]]
* [[Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam#Abbas I of Persia|Safavid conversion of Iran from Sunnism to Shiism]]
* [[Shah Abbas Mosque, Yerevan]]
* [[Juma Mosque of Ganja (Shah Abbas)|Shah Abbas Mosque, Ganja]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|22em|refs=

}}

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* {{cite book |last=Kouymjian |first=Dickran |author-link=Dickran Kouymjian |date=2004 |orig-date=1997 |chapter=1: Armenia From the Fall of the Cilician Kingdom (1375) to the Forced Emigration under Shah Abbas (1604) |editor-last=Hovannisian |editor-first=Richard G. |title=The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times |volume=II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |isbn=0312101686 |lccn=2004273378 |url=https://archive.org/details/armenianpeoplefr0002unse/page/n6/mode/1up }}
* {{cite web | last=Kremer | first=William | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21151350 | title=Why Did Men Stop Wearing High Heels? | website=BBC News Magazine | date=25 January 2013 | archive-date=17 August 2014 | access-date=13 September 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817160312/http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21151350 | url-status=live}}
* {{cite book | last=Lapidus | first=Ira Marvin | title=A Global History of Pre-modern Islamic Societies | year=2012 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=Cambridge, UK | isbn=978-0-5217-3298-7 | lccn=2011043732}}
* {{cite book |last=Lockhart |first=Lawrence |date=1953 |chapter=Persia as seen by the West |editor-last=Arberry |editor-first=Arthur John |title=The Legacy of Persia |publisher=[[Oxford University Press#Clarendon Press|Clarendon Press]] |lccn=53002314 }}
* {{cite book |last=Matthee |first=Rudolph P. |author-link=Rudi Matthee |year=1999 |title=The Politics of Trade in Safavid Iran: Silk for Silver, 1600–1730 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-5216-4131-4 |lccn=99012830 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5U0yECMV--wC }}
* {{cite book |last=Matthee |first=Rudolph P. |author-link=Rudi Matthee |date=2019 |title=Persia in Crisis: Safavid Decline and the Fall of Isfahan |publication-place=New York City |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=9781000392876 |oclc=1274244049 }}
* {{cite book |last=Mikaberidze |first=Alexander |author-link1=Alexander Mikaberidze |date=2015 |title=Historical Dictionary of Georgia |publisher=[[The Globe Pequot Publishing Group|Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=9781442241459 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNNQCgAAQBAJ |access-date=8 November 2020 }}
* {{cite book |last=Mitchell |first=Colin Paul |date=2009 |title=The Practice of Politics in Safavid Iran: Power, Religion and Rhetoric |series=Persian Studies |location=[[London]] |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-0-8577-1588-3 |lccn=2010292168}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Mitchell |editor-first=Colin Paul |date=2011 |title=New Perspectives on Safavid Iran: Empire and Society |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-4157-7462-8 |lccn=2010032352 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=1uCaELAsv3MC }}
* {{cite book | last=Munshi | first=Eskandar Beg |author-link=Iskandar Beg Munshi |date=1978 |orig-date=1629 |others=Translated by [[Roger Savory|Roger M. Savory]] |title=Tārīkh-e 'Ālamārā-ye 'Abbāsī |trans-title=History of Shah 'Abbas the Great (two volumes) |series=Persian Heritage Series n.28 |publisher=[[Westview Press]] |isbn=0891582967 | lccn=78020663 |language=ar, en |url=https://archive.org/details/monshi-shah-abbas-english/Monshi_Shah-Abbas_English/mode/1up }}
* {{cite book |last1=Nahavandi |first1=Houchang |last2=Bomati |first2=Yves |date=1998 |title=Shah Abbas, Empereur de Perse: 1587–1629 |publisher=Perrin |location=[[Paris]] |isbn=9782262011314 |lccn=99161812 |language=fr}}
* {{cite book |last1=Necipogulu |first1=Gulru |last2=Roxburgh |first2=David J. |date=July 2000 |title=Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-11669-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6aQSy07yzR0C }}
* {{cite book |last=Newman |first=Andrew J. |date=2006 |title=Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire |publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]] |isbn=9781860646676 |series=Library of Middle East History |url=https://archive.org/details/safavidiranrebir0000newm/page/n4/mode/1up }}
* {{cite book |last=Quinn |first=Sholeh |date=2015 |title=Shah Abbas: The King who Refashioned Iran |publisher=[[Oneworld Publications]] |isbn=9781780745688 }}
* {{Encyclopaedia Islamica |last=Rahimlu |first=Yusof |date=2015 |title=ʿAbbās I |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-islamica/abbas-i-SIM_0009?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-islamica&s.q=%CA%BFAbb%C4%81s+I }}
* {{cite book |last=Rayfield |first=Donald |author-link=Donald Rayfield |date=2013 |title=Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia |publisher=[[Reaktion Books]] |isbn=9781780230306 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxQpmg_JIpwC }}
* {{cite book | last=Roemer | first=H. R. | editor1-last=Jackson | editor1-first=Peter | editor2-last=Lockhart | editor2-first=Lawrence | title=The Cambridge History of Iran | volume=6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods | chapter=5: The Safavid Period | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=Cambridge, UK | isbn=0-5212-0094-6 | lccn=67012845 | year=1986}}
* {{cite book |last=Saslow |first=James M. |date=1999 |title=Pictures and Passions: A History of Homosexuality in the Visual Arts |chapter=Asia and Islam: Ancient Cultures, Modern Conflicts |publisher=[[Viking Press|Viking]] |isbn=0670859532 |lccn=99019960 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/picturespassions00sasl/mode/1up }}
* {{cite book |last=Savory |first=Roger M. |author1-link=Roger Savory |date=1980 |title=Iran Under the Safavids |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9780521224833 |lccn=78073817 |url=https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/mode/1up }}
* {{EI2|last1=Savory|first1=Roger M.|title=Ḥamza Mīrzā|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/hamza-mirza-SIM_2701|year=2012}}
* {{cite book | last=Shakespeare | first=William | editor1-last=Clark | editor1-first=William George | editor2-last=Wright | editor2-first=William Aldis | url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=e1Q8AQAAIAAJ&rdid=book-e1Q8AQAAIAAJ&rdot=1 | title=The Works of William Shakespeare | volume=III | publisher=Macmillan and Company | location=Cambridge, UK | year=1863 | lccn=20000243 | access-date=24 May 2015 | archive-date=19 November 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119144022/https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=e1Q8AQAAIAAJ&rdid=book-e1Q8AQAAIAAJ&rdot=1 | url-status=live}}

* {{cite book | last=Streusand | first=Douglas E. | title=Islamic Gunpowder Empires: Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals | year=2011 | publisher=Westview Press | location=Boulder, CO | isbn=978-0-8133-1359-7 | lccn=2010024984}}{{verify source|date=May 2015}}
* {{cite book |last=Suny |first=Ronald Grigor |author-link1=Ronald Grigor Suny |date=1994 |title=The Making of the Georgian Nation |edition=2nd |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=9780253209153 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Thorne |editor-first=John O. |date=1984 |title=Abbas I |encyclopedia=Chambers Biographical Dictionary |publisher=[[Chambers (publisher)|Chambers]] |isbn=0-550-18022-2 |lccn=2010367095 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Uluç |first1=Lâle |title=14th International Congress of Turkish Art Proceedings |chapter=The representation of the execution of the Safavid Begum from the Ottoman Historian Mustafa Ali's Nusretname |date=2013 |publisher=Collège de France |location=Paris |isbn=978-9751736970 |pages=799-820 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lale_Uluc4/publication/275968020_The_Representation_of_the_Execution_of_the_Safavid_Begum_from_the_Nusretname_of_Mustafa_Ali/links/554c9b810cf21ed2135bde85/The-Representation-of-the-Execution-of-the-Safavid-Begum-from-the-Nusretname-of-Mustafa-Ali.pdf}} 
* {{cite book | last=Wallbank | first=Thomas Walter | title=Civilization Past & Present | publisher=HarperCollins | year=1992 | location=New York, NY | edition=7th | isbn=0-6733-8867-0 | lccn=91025406 | orig-year=1942}}
* {{cite journal |last=Wilson |first=Richard |date=March 2010 |title='When Golden Time Convents': Twelfth Night and Shakespeare's Eastern Promise |journal=Shakespeare |volume=6 |issue=2 |pp=209–226 |publisher=Routledge |issn=1745-0918 |doi=10.1080/17450911003790331 | s2cid=191598902 }}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|first1=Yves|last1=Bomati|first2=Houchang|last2=Nahavandi|title=Shah Abbas, Emperor of Persia,1587–1629|year=2017|publisher=Ketab Corporation|location=Los Angeles|isbn=978-1595845672|translator-first1=Azizeh|translator-last1=Azodi}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Canby|editor-first=Sheila R|title=Shah Abbas; The Remaking of Iran|year=2009|publisher=British Museum Press|isbn=9780714124520}}
* {{cite book | author=IBP | year=2013 | title=Armenia Country Study Guide | volume=1: Strategic Information and Developments | isbn=978-1-4387-7382-7 | publisher=International Business Publications}}
* {{cite book | last=Matthee | first=Rudi | title=Persia in Crisis: Safavid Decline and the Fall of Isfahan | year=2011 | publisher=I. B. Tauris | location=London, UK | isbn=978-1-8451-1745-0 | series=International Library of Iranian Studies}}
* {{cite book | last=Pearce | first=Francis Barrow | author-link=Francis Barrow Pearce | year=1920 | title=Zanzibar, the Island Metropolis of Eastern Africa | publisher=E. P. Dutton and Company | location=New York, NY | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XRRzAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA359 | access-date=13 September 2014 | lccn=20008651}}
* {{Encyclopædia Iranica Online |last=Simpson |first=Marianna S. |date=2014 |orig-date=1997 |title=Ebrāhīm Mīrzā |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/ebrahim-mirza }}
* {{cite book | last=Sykes | first=Ella Constance | title=Persia and its People |url=https://archive.org/details/persiaitspeople01syke | year=1910 | publisher=The Macmillan Company | location=New York, NY | lccn=10001477}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|auto=1|s=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abbas I (Persia)}}
* ''Shah Abbās: The Remaking of Iran'', [https://www.britishmuseum.org/whats_on/future_exhibitions/shah_abbas.aspx The British Museum], in association with Iran Heritage Foundation, 19 February{{snd}}14 June 2009,
* John Wilson, ''Iranian treasures bound for Britain'', BBC Radio 4, 19 January 2009, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7833000/7833651.stm BBC Radio 4's live magazine], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090228234847/http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/console/b00gqy39 ''Front Row''] (audio report).
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090509064348/http://en.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-310/_nr-633/i.html "Shah 'Abbas: The Remaking of Iran"]

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Safavid dynasty]]||27 January 1571||19 January 1629}}
{{s-roy|ir}}
{{succession box |before=[[Mohammad Khodabanda]] |title=[[List of monarchs of Persia|Shah of Iran]] |years=1588–1629 |after=[[Safi of Persia|Safi]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Safavid Rulers}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abbas 01 Of Persia}}
[[Category:16th-century Safavid shahs|Abbas 1]]
[[Category:1571 births]]
[[Category:1629 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century Iranian people]]
[[Category:17th-century Iranian people]]
[[Category:17th-century monarchs of Persia]]
[[Category:Filicides in Iran]]
[[Category:Mazandarani people]]
[[Category:Patrons of the arts]]
[[Category:People from Herat]]
[[Category:Perpetrators of filicide]]

Tiruchirappalli East Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T14:13:42Z

Sahadathossain: new new article added tags

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu}}
{{for|previous elections held in this constituency|Tiruchirappalli – II Assembly constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 141
| map_image = Constitution-Tiruchirappalli (East).svg
| established = 2008
| district = [[Tiruchirapalli district|Tiruchirappalli]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruchirappalli]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|TVK+}}
| mla = [[C. Joseph Vijay]]
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| name = Tiruchirappalli (East)
| electors = 220,191
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Vijay at Protest of the Nadigar Sangam.jpg
}}
'''Tiruchirappalli (East)''' is a constituency of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] located in [[Tiruchirappalli district]] of Tamil Nadu. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 141. It was called [[Tiruchirappalli – II]] before the constituency delimitations in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Constituencies, Post-Delimitation 2008|url=http://www.elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tamil Nadu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515102633/http://elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|archive-date=2012-05-15}}</ref>
It comes under [[Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency]] for Parliament elections. It includes Ward Nos. 8- 26, 33- 35, 37 and 38 of [[Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[R. Manoharan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[Vellamandi N. Natarajan]]
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[Inigo S. Irudayaraj]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|[[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| [[C. Joseph Vijay]]
| {{Full party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Tiruchirappalli (East)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Joseph Vijay]]|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=91,381 |percentage=50.07|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Inigo S. Irudayaraj]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=63,965|percentage=35.05|change={{decrease}}19.51}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Rajashekaran|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=19,715|percentage=10.80|change={{decrease}}12.63}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dr. Krishnasamy|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=4,725|percentage=2.62|change={{decrease}}5.66}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes= 27,416|percentage=15.02 |change={{decrease}}15.11}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,82,493|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =2,17,397 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing={{increase}}50.07 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Tiruchirappalli, India|Tiruchirappalli East]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[Inigo S. Irudayaraj]]
|votes = 94,302
|percentage = 54.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[Vellamandi N. Natarajan]]
|votes = 40,505
|percentage = 23.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Naam Tamilar Katchi
|candidate = Prabhu
|votes = 14,312
|percentage = 8.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Makkal Needhi Maiam
|candidate = D.Veerasakthi
|votes = 11,396
|percentage = 6.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[R. Manoharan]]
|votes = 9,089
|percentage = 5.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
|votes = 53,797
|percentage = 31.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Tiruchirappalli|Tiruchirappalli East]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[Vellamandi N. Natarajan]]
|votes = 79,938
|percentage = 47.87
|change = -6.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Jerome Arockiaraj
|votes = 58,044
|percentage = 34.76
|change = +34.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = Rohaiyaah Shaik Mohamed
|votes = 9,694
|percentage = 5.81
|change = +5.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Rajaiyan
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 7,210
|percentage = 4.32
|change = +2.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate =[[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes =4,329
|percentage = 2.59
|change =+2.59
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
|votes = 21,894
|percentage = 13.11
|change = -0.51
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,67,072
|percentage = 68.90
|change = -6.48
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Tiruchirappalli|Tiruchirappalli East]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[R. Manoharan]]
|votes = 83,046
|percentage = 54.84
|change = +54.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = Anbil Periyasamy
|votes = 62,420
|percentage = 41.22
|change = +41.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate =P. Parthiban
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 3,170
|percentage = 2.09
|change = +2.09
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|candidate =S. Manoj Kumar
|votes = 631
|percentage =0.42
|change =+0.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate =N. M. Elango
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = 539
|percentage =0.36
|change =+0.36
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
|votes = 20,626
|percentage = 13.62
|change = ----
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,51,466
|percentage = 75.38
|change = New
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Tiruchirappalli}}
{{coord|10.81|78.70|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Government of Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Tiruchirappalli district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Amit Roy

2026-05-06T16:52:28Z

Sahadathossain:

{{Short description|Indian cinematographer and film director}}
{{ai-generated|date=March 2026|reason=per [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_AI_Cleanup/Noticeboard#User:The_Page_Pilot]}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Amit Roy
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = Cinematographer, film director
| years_active = 2003–present
}}
'''Amit Roy''' is an Indian [[cinematographer]] and [[film director]] who works primarily in [[Hindi cinema]]. He is known for his collaborations with directors such as [[Ram Gopal Varma]] and [[Sandeep Reddy Vanga]]. His credits include ''[[Sarkar (2005 film)|Sarkar]]'' (2005), ''[[Sarkar Raj]]'' (2008), ''[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|Animal]]'' (2023), and ''[[Deva (2025 film)|Deva]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amit Roy: The Cinematographer Behind Iconic Angry Indian Men in Bollywood |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/amit-roy-the-cinematographer-behind-iconic-angry-indian-men-in-bollywood |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |date=1 December 2023 |access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DOP Amit Roy on 'Animal' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dop-amit-roy-on-animal-ranbir-kapoor-daring-to-play-a-character-like-this-despite-being-a-movie-star-a-family-man-is-for-me-hitting-the-ball-out-of-the-park-exclusive/articleshow/105995975.cms |website=The Times of India |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref>

Roy began his career with ''[[Ishq Vishk]]'' (2003) and gained recognition for his work on Varma's political thrillers. He has also directed the film ''[[Running Shaadi]]'' (2017) and several television commercials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amit Roy - Movies, Biography, News, Age & Photos |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/amit-roy/136 |website=BookMyShow |access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref>

== Career ==
=== Cinematography ===
Roy made his debut as a cinematographer with the romantic comedy ''[[Ishq Vishk]]'' (2003), directed by Ken Ghosh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amit Roy - Movies, Biography, News, Age & Photos |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/amit-roy/136 |website=BookMyShow |access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> His work on Ram Gopal Varma's ''[[Sarkar (2005 film)|Sarkar]]'' (2005), inspired by ''The Godfather'', received attention for its use of low-angle shots and dramatic lighting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amit Roy: The Cinematographer Behind Iconic Angry Indian Men in Bollywood |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/amit-roy-the-cinematographer-behind-iconic-angry-indian-men-in-bollywood |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |date=1 December 2023 |access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> He continued collaborating with Varma on films including ''[[Aag (2007 film)|Aag]]'' (2007), ''[[Nishabd]]'' (2007), ''[[Darling (2007 Indian film)|Darling]]'' (2007), and the sequel ''[[Sarkar Raj]]'' (2008).

In later years, Roy worked on ''[[Chittagong (film)|Chittagong]]'' (2012), ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2020 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' (2020), and ''[[Dhokha: Round D Corner]]'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amit Roy Filmography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1376310/ |website=IMDb |access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> He shot part of ''[[Dunki (film)|Dunki]]'' (2023) before leaving due to creative differences.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SRK's Dunki DOP Amit quits film amid ‘creative differences’ with Rajkumar Hirani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/srks-dunki-dop-amit-quits-film-amid-creative-differences-with-rajkumar-hirani-101657616854413.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=12 July 2022 |access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> His cinematography for ''[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|Animal]]'' (2023), directed by Sandeep Reddy Vanga, and ''[[Deva (2025 film)|Deva]]'' (2025), directed by Rosshan Andrrews, has been noted in industry discussions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Future-Ready Filmmaking with ARRI — AI, HDR/ACES & VP |url=https://www.cininfo.in/future-of-filmmaking-discussing-industry-challenges-with-arri/ |website=CinInfo |access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref>

=== Direction ===
Roy directed the comedy-drama ''[[Running Shaadi]]'' (2017), starring Amit Sadh and Taapsee Pannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Running Shaadi.Com |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/runningshaadicom |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref> He has also directed television commercials featuring actors such as Amitabh Bachchan.

As of 2025, Roy is set to direct ''Zamana Kya Kahega'', a comedy scripted by Mudassar Aziz and starring Taapsee Pannu, Fardeen Khan, and Ammy Virk.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mudassar Aziz's new comedy 'Zamana Kya Kahega' to star Taapsee Pannu, Fardeen Khan and Ammy Virk: Report |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mudassar-azizs-new-comedy-zamana-kya-kahega-to-star-taapsee-pannu-fardeen-khan-and-ammy-virk-report/articleshow/123434868.cms |website=The Times of India |date=21 August 2025 |access-date=15 December 2025}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== As cinematographer ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Notes
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Ishq Vishk]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2004 || ''[[Shaadi Ka Laddoo]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Fida (2004 film)|Fida]]'' ||
|-
|| ''[[Dil Maange More]]'' ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Sarkar (2005 film)|Sarkar]]'' ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Darna Zaroori Hai]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2007 || ''[[Aag (2007 film)|Aag]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Nishabd]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Darling (2007 Indian film)|Darling]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Dus Kahaniyaan]]'' ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Sarkar Raj]]'' ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Rann (film)|Rann]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011 || ''[[Dum Maaro Dum (film)|Dum Maaro Dum]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Shabri]]'' ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Chittagong (film)|Chittagong]]'' ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Deewana Main Deewana]]'' ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2020 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' ||
|-
| 2020-2022 || ''[[She (TV series)|She]]'' || Web series
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022 || ''[[Ishq Express]]'' || Web series
|-
| ''[[Dhokha: Round D Corner]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023 || ''[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|Animal]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Dunki (film)|Dunki]]'' || Partial cinematography
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Deva (2025 film)|Deva]]'' ||
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Prince: Once Upon a Time in Dhaka]]''|| Bangladeshi film
|}

=== As director ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Notes
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Running Shaadi]]'' || Also co-writer
|-
| TBA || ''Zamana Kya Kahega'' || Upcoming
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=1376310|name=Amit Roy}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Amit}}
[[Category:Amit Roy]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cinematographers]]
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Kirti Chandra Borbarua

2026-05-05T04:33:00Z

Sahadathossain: Put up a article

{{short description|Assamese politician}}
{{one source|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Keertichandra Borbarua
| office =
| predecessor =Rupchandra Barbarua
| successor = Bhadrasen Borborua
| office1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Ahom Kingdom]]
| children =
| alma_mater =
| website =
| footnotes =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Keertichandra Borbarua''' was the Prime Minister of [[Ahom Kingdom]] during the reign of [[Lakshmi Singha]].<ref>Ahomar Din by Hiteswar Borbarua, page 579</ref> He was a controversial person of Assam History. Though he was a capable statesman, burning [[Buranji]]s was the controversial incident of his life.

==Personal life==
Keertichandra Borbarua was the son of Rupchandra Barbarua, a [[Chutia people|Buruk Chutia]] by caste whose father was employed as a rope maker by a Musalman.<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, “Ahom Buranji”,p.32,”Rupchandra Barbarua of Bakatial Ahom was the son of a rope maker in the employ of a Musalman. Supatpha, the great, emancipated his father from the servitude of the Musalman. He was of the family of Buruk-Chutia.”</ref> His ancestors were included in the Bakatial Ahom clan.<ref>Ahomar Din by Hiteswar Borbarua page 268</ref> Gendhela was another name of Keertichandra Barbarua. He was assassinated by [[Moamoria]] rebel Nahar.<ref>Ahomar Din by Hiteswar Borbarua, page 279</ref>

==Lota Kota Ron==
During the reign of [[Swargadeo]] [[Rajeswar Singha]] an expedition was sent under the leadership of Haranath Phukan to free Manipur from the hand of Burmese. But the soldiers lost their path in the jungle. Naga also killed many soldiers. There was starvation among them. Fever also killed many warriors. At last Harnath Phukan decided to retreat from the jungle. Harnath Phukan informed all of these to Keertichandra Borbarua.<ref>Tungkhungiya Buranjee by Shrinath Duara Borbarua, page 55</ref> Keertichandra told [[Swargadeo]] [[Rajeswar Singha]] about the matter. [[Rajeswar Singha]] decided to send another expedition under the leadership of Keertichandra Borbarua to Manipur.<ref>Ahomar Din by Hiteswar Borbarua, page 272</ref>

==Role in the marriage of Kuranganayani==
When Keertichandra Barbarua reached [[Roha]] the Burmese decided to retreat from Manipur. So the king of Manipur decided to give his daughter [[Kuranganayani]] to [[Rajeswar Singha]] as a sign of friendship. Keertichandra Borbarua told the king that the King of Manipur had a daughter whose name is Kuranganayani. The king of Manipur was the descendant of Babrubahan. So there was no doubt that he was Kshatriya for which [[Swargadeo]] should marry the princess [[Kuranganayani]]. After hearing these [[Swargadeo]] [[Rajeswar Singha]] decided to marry Kuranganayani. In this marriage the family of Joy Singha was present. The marriage took place at the bank of river [[Sonai]] (present-day [[Cachar district]] of Assam). It was a Chaklang form of marriage.<ref>Tungkhungiya Buranjee by Shrinath Duara Borbarua, page 51</ref>

==Burning of the Buranjis==
Keertichandra Borbarua was from the house of Bokotiyal. One of the ancestors of these house was engaged in the work of tailoring in the house of a Goriya for which the Bokotiyal was called the 'jolombota Goriya'. Disturbed by the influence of Keertichandra Borbarua in the royal court Numali [[Borgohain]] decided to write a Buranji humiliating Keertichandra for his low birth. After writing the Buranji Numali Borgohain named it "Chakaree Phetee'. Hearing these Keertichandra Borbarua brought some people from Burma claiming to be his relatives (as a member of the Bakatial Ahom clan) and thus assured the king that he was an Ahom. Keertichandra also decided to burn all the Buranjis where there were wrong. After taking permission of [[Rajeswar Singha]] Keertichandra burnt all the Buranjis where he found wrong. Keertichandra Borbarua also returned the Buranjis which he found true.<ref>Ahomar Din by Hiteswar Borbarua, page 273</ref>

==Conflicts with the Moamoriya==
Swargadeo [[Lakshmi Singha]] appointed Keertichandra Borbarua as his Prime Minister. [[Lakshmi Singha]] also appointed Ramananda Pushpacharya of [[Kanauj]] as his religious teacher. This made the other Mahantas angry. Lakshmi Singha appointed Ramananda Puspacharya by counselling with Keertichandra Borbarua for which the Moamoriya Mahanta scolded Keertichandra by telling him Jolombota. This made the Moamoriya enemy of Keertichandra. One day Lakshmi Singha was coming with Keertichandra Borbarua in a boat. The Moamoriya Mahanta greeted Swargadeo but did not even look at Keertichandra. For this reason Keertichandra also scolded Moamoriya. In those days there was a rule that Moamoriya should give three elephants. One to Swargadeo, One to Burhagohain and one to Borbarua. In the year of 1691 shaka a Naharkhora of the Moamoriya gave one strong elephant to Swargadeo and one strong elephant to Burhagohain but gave a weak elephant to Keertichandra Borbarua. This made Borbarua very angry . He cut two ears of Naharkhora as punishment. Naharkhora told about all of these before the Moamoriya Mahanta.<ref>Ahomar Din by Hiteswar Borbarua, page 278</ref>

==Assassination==
The Moamoriya was already upset from the days of Siva singha because Bor Roja [[Phuleshwari]] marked their head with the blood of sacrifice made before goddess [[Durga]]. The incident of Naharkhora increased their anger. They prepared for rebellion. The Moamoriya made the Mohanmala Gohain the son of [[Rudra Singha]] their commander.<ref>Ahomar Din by Hiteswar Boebarua, page 278</ref> At last the rebellion started. At the beginning of the rebellion the Nahar of Moamoriya killed Keertichandra. Thus Keertichandra Borbarua was assassinated.<ref>Ahomar Din by Hiteswar Borbarua, page 279</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Ahomar Din by Hiteswar Borbarua, Publication Board Assam, 2018
* Tungkhungiya Buranjee by Srinath Duara Barbarua, Department of Historical and Antiquarian Studies, 2010

{{Authority control}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|Countries|Politics|Society}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Borbarua, Keertichandra}}
[[Category:People of the Ahom kingdom]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Assassinated Indian people]]
[[Category:People from Assam]]
{{Improve categories|date=November 2021}}

Sivi kingdom

2026-05-03T18:27:26Z

Sahadathossain: new first data v1

{{Short description|Ancient Indian kingdom}}
{{for|the ancient tribe|Shivi}}
[[File:EpicIndia.jpg | thumb | right | alt=Image of the Indian subcontinent labeled with places named in Indian epics | Shows the Kingdoms mentioned in Indian epics. ]]
'''Shivi''' (alias Sibi, Shibi, Sivi) is mentioned as a kingdom and as the name of a king in the [[ancient India]]n epic [[Mahabharata]]. There was a king named ''[[Shibi (king)|Shivi]]'' who became famous as Shivi or the kingdom itself may be named after him. Shivi (alias Sibi, Saivya) king was famous for his truthfulness. The legend about his truthfulness and compassion goes as follows: King Shivi protected a dove who was chased by a hawk (which wanted to eat the dove as its midday meal), and gave flesh from his thigh, as a substitute meal to the hawk.

==Geographical locations==
According to [[Sivi Játaka]], king Sivi (''as Bodhisatta'') had ruled Sivirattha with his capital at ''Aritthapura'' (Aristapura of [[Sanskrit]]) and is said to have donated his eyes to a blind [[Brahmana]]<ref>Sivi Játaka No. 499.</ref> In the [[Mahabharata]], the name Sivi is connected with Asura and like [[Kambojas|Kamboja]], it is also linked to the goddess [[Diti]].<ref>Mahabharata, 1.67.1-34.</ref> The Brahmanical texts also mentions that king Sivi was son of king Usinara and was from Anava (Anu) lineage.

Mahabharata refers to the Kambojas as ''Munda'' ("shaved-headed soldiery").<ref>Mahabharata 7.119.23. See also: Ganapatha 178 on Pāṇini's rule II.1.72 - Mayuravyamsakad'i' which calls the Kambojas Munda (i.e. ''Kambojah Munda, Yavana Munda''); Also the Kambojas are described as Mundas in numerous Puranas, e.g. see: Brahma Purana, verse 8.48.</ref> In the same Mahabharata text, Rudra Siva is also given the epithet of Munda.<ref>IHQ, 1963, p 291.</ref> The Kambojas are also attested to have been ardent worshipers of Siva-cult (Munda-cult).<ref>''The Indian Historical Quarterly'', Vol 23-24, 1947-48, pp 290/291, N. Chaudhuri-India.</ref><ref>The Kamboja rulers of Bengal were also Siva-devotees; see ''Bengal - Past and Present'', 1916, p 209, Calcutta Historical Society; Comprehensive History of Bihar, 1974, p 259, Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha, Syed Hasan Askari. The Kamboja rulers of Kambodia/Kambuja were also Sivia worshippers (see ''Studies in Sanskrit Inscriptions of Ancient Cambodia'', 2003, p 229, Mahesh Kumar Sharan, Mahesh Kumar Sharan Abhinav.</ref><ref>Cf: "There were Dionysiac festivals in honor of god Siva who belonged to Asvaka district, north of Kabul river where flourished thye vine-orchards" (See: Coins and Icons, A Study of Myth and Symbols in Indian Numistmatic Art, 1977, p 128, Bhaskar Chattopadhya). See: Article Ashvakas for Ashvakas/Kambojas identity.</ref>

In fact, the Mahabharata evidence shows that the promulgator of worship of Siva was one [[Upamanyu|sage Upamanyu]], son of Vyaghrapada. Upamanyu was a disciple of Ayodha Dhaumya who taught at [[Taxila]] University in Gandhara.<ref>Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist, 1969, p 332, Dr R. K. Mukerjee; The Cultural Heritage of India: Sri Ramakrishna Centenary Memorial, 1936, p 228, Sri Ramakrishna centenary committee - India; A Prose English Translation of the Mahabharata, 1895, p 22, Manmathanatha Datta, Manmatha Nath Dutt;Indian Universities, Retroscpect and Prospects, 1964, p 39, Chetpat Pattabhirama Ramaswami Aiyar.</ref> The northern Kamboja affinities of this Upamanyu (the epic promulgator of Synthetic Siva cult) are indicated and have been accepted <ref>Aspects of Sanskrit Literature, 1976, p 71, Dr [[Sushil Kumar De]] - Sanskrit literature; The Indian Historical Quarterly, 1947, p 290; The Indian Historical Quarterly, 1963, p 290-291, Nanimadhab Chaudhuri.</ref> since his son/or descendant [[Kamboja Aupamanyava|Aupamanyava]] is specifically referred to as Kamboja in the [[Vamsa Brahmana]]<ref>Vamsa Brahmana 1.18.</ref> of the [[Samaveda]].<ref>Trans of Rig Veda, III,113, Dr Ludwig; Alt-Indisches Leben, p 102, Dr H. Zimmer; History and Culture of Indian People, The Vedic Age, p 260, Dr [[R. C. Majumdar]], Dr A. D. Pusalkar; Bhandarkar Oriental Series, 1939, p 1, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute; The Geographical Observer, p 96, [[Meerut College]] Geographical Society; Problems of Ancient India, 2000, p 6, K. D. Sethna; Some Kshatriya Tribes of Ancient India, 1924, p 231, Dr B. C. Law; Dialectics of Hindu Ritualism, 1956, pp 59, 133, Bhupendranātha Datta; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, Dr J. L. Kamboj; Kambojas Through the Ages, 2005, pp 25-27, S Kirpal Singh; These Kamboja People, 1979, pp 27-28, K. S. Dardi; Purana, Vol VI, No 1, Jan 1964, p 212.13, Balocistān: siyāsī kashmakash, muz̤mirāt va rujḥānāt - 1989, P 1, Munīr Aḥmad Marrī etc; Tribes in Ancient India, 1943, p 1; Cf: The Society of the Rāmāyaṇa, 1991, p 88, Ananda W. P. Guruge (Note: Guruge also takes note of the ethnic connections between the ancient Kambojas, sage Upamnayu of the Rig Veda and his son/descendant Kamboja Aupamanyava of Vamsa Brahmana of Sama Veda, as implied in the Rig Vedic verse 1.102.09); ''Literary History of Ancient India in Relation to Its Racial and Linguistic Affiliations'', 1950, p. 165; The Racial History of India - 1944, p 810, Chandra Chakraberty etc.</ref> Since "Munda" is an epithet of god [[Rudra-Siva]], it has also been suggested that the Sivis derive their name from god Siva whom they ardently worshiped.

Taking clue from [[Yaska]]'s [[Nirukta]],<ref>Nirukta 2.2 (''Kambojah Kambal.Bhojah Kamaniya.Bhoja va'')</ref> S. Levi states that "the Kambhojas were a branch of the Bhojas and were not a part of the Aryas. The name "Kambhojas" is etymologised as ''Kamblala'' + ''Bhojas'' ("the Bhojas with Kambalas or blankets") as well as ''Kamniya'' +'' Bhojas'' (meaning "The handsome Bhojas or the desirable Bhojas"). Thus, Levi and others have connected the ancient Bhojas with the Kambhojas. Both Kambojas and the Bhojas are also referred to as north-western people in the 13th [[Rock Edicts|Rock Edict]] of king [[Asoka]]. Thus, the Kambojas appear to have either been anciently and inadvertently confused with the Bhojas who were a [[yadu|Yadava]] [[tribe]], or, else, there was indeed some kind of link between the Bhojas and the ancient Kambhojas as S. Levi suggests.<ref>Sylvain Lévi, P. Levi, Jules Bloch, Jean Przyluski.</ref><ref>See also: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 1889, p 288/89 (Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland); Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 1834, p 272 (Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland);'' Encyclopedia of Religions or Faiths of Man'' Part 2, Volume 2 2, 2003 edition, 282, J. G. R. Forlong.</ref> Writers like James F. K. Hewitt and others also connect the Sivis, Bhojas and the Drhuyus with the Kambhojas.<ref>''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland'', 1889, p 288/89, James F. K. Hewitt; Op cit., 282, J. G. R. Forlong.</ref> The Chinese evidence on king Sivi as well as king Vessantara (Sudana, Saniraja or Pi-lo of the Chinese records), the rulers of Oddiyana (in pre-Buddhist times) also seems to lend a fair credence in this direction.

==Mention in Mahabharata==
{{South Asia in 500 BCE||South Asia circa 500 BCE, with location of the Sivi kingdom in the Indus Valley.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (d)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182}}</ref><ref>Content mirrored from [[:File:Mahajanapadas_(c._500_BCE).png|this map]]</ref>}}

It is also mentioned in the epic that [[Jayadratha]] was the king of [[Sindhu Kingdom|Sindhu]], [[Sauvira Kingdom|Sauvira]] and Shivi kingdoms. Probably [[Sauvira]] and Shivi were two kingdom close to the Sindhu kingdom and Jayadratha conquered them, which would place Shivi somewhere in western [[Rajasthan]] though alternatively it could also be [[Sibi]], [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]] which is to the west of [[Sauvira]] and [[Sindhu]] and adjacent to both. Jayadratha was an ally of [[Duryodhana]] and husband of Duryodhana's sister [[Dussala]].

It is also mentioned that [[Yudhishthira]], king of [[Hastinapur]] after the great [[Kurukshetra War]], married a beautiful girl [[Devika (Mahabharat)|Devika]] of the Sivi tribe, and she later begot a son to him, Yaudheya, from whom the [[Yaudheyas]] claim their descent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01096.htm|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100116130453/http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01096.htm|archive-date = 2010-01-16|title = The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section XCV}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Kingdoms of Ancient India]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

== References ==
* [[Mahabharata]] of [[Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa]], translated to English by Kisari Mohan Ganguli
* {{cite book|last1=Beal|first1=Samuel (translator)|title=Si-yu-ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World|publisher=K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.|url=https://archive.org/details/siyukibuddhistr01bealgoog|date=1906|language=English}}

==External links==
{{Tribes and kingdoms of the Mahabharata}}

[[Category:Kingdoms in the Mahabharata]]

Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 16

2026-04-28T00:59:20Z

Sahadathossain: created new details!

{{short description|Indian reality show}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 16
| image = Bigg Boss 16.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #B11030
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Salman Khan]]
| num_days = 134
| num_housemates = 17
| winner = [[MC Stan]]
| runner_up = [[Shiv Thakare]]
}}
| num_episodes = 135
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|10|01|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2023|02|12|df=yes}}
}}

'''''Bigg Boss 16''''' also known as ''''' Bigg Boss: Iss baar Bigg Boss khud khelenge ''''' was the sixteenth season of the Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[reality TV]] series ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss]]''. It premiered on [[Colors TV]] on 1 October 2022. [[Salman Khan]] hosted the show for the thirteenth time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-22 |title=Bigg Boss 16 confirmed contestants list: Manya Singh, Tina Dutta, Shalin Bhanot to get locked in KRK's show |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-16-confirmed-list-manya-singh-tina-dutta-shalin-bhanot-locked-KRK-8165743/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> The grand finale aired on 12 February 2023 where [[MC Stan]] emerged as the winner and [[Shiv Thakare]] as the runner-up.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title=Here's when Bigg Boss 16 grand finale is all set to air; take a glimpse of the trophy |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/heres-when-bigg-boss-16-grand-finale-is-all-set-to-air-take-a-glimpse-of-the-trophy/articleshow/97807436.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-02-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss 16 Grand Finale: MC Stan wins Salman Khan's show; Shiv Thakare is runner-up|url=https://www.peepingmoon.com/bigg-boss-news/news/68611/Bigg-Boss-Grand-Finale-MC-Stan-wins-Salman-Khans-show-Shiv-Thakare-is-runner-up.html|access-date=2023-02-12|website=Peeping Moon|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> The season went on to become one of the most successful seasons in the show's history.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

==Production==

===Broadcast===
For the first time ever, a new segment- ''Bigg Bulletin with Shekhar Suman''<ref name="Cyril">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/new-rules-to-weekend-ka-vaar-things-that-will-be-different-on-bigg-boss-16-2006701-2022-09-30|title=New rules to Weekend Ka Vaar, things that will be different on Bigg Boss 16|first=Grace |last=Cyril|date=September 30, 2022|website=India Today}}</ref> aired on Sunday Hosted by [[Shekhar Suman]]. Weekend Ka Vaar, namely- Shukravar and Shanivar Ka Vaar<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-salman-khan-to-host-friday-and-saturday-ka-vaar-instead-of-the-usual-weekend-ka-vaar/articleshow/94488107.cms|title=Bigg Boss 16: Salman Khan to host Friday and Saturday ka Vaar instead of the usual Weekend Ka Vaar |website=The Times of India}}</ref> aired on Fridays and Saturdays instead of Saturdays and Sundays respectively as in previous seasons.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-where-and-when-to-watch-the-upcoming-season-of-salman-khans-show-details/articleshow/94555466.cms|title=Bigg Boss 16: Where and when to watch the upcoming season of Salman Khan's show, Details |website=The Times of India}}</ref> For the first time ever, eviction took place on Saturdays instead of Sundays.

A five-hour Grand Finale aired on 12 February 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-11 |title=Bigg Boss 16 Grand Finale: Date, time, live streaming, prize money and more |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/bigg-boss-16-grand-finale-date-time-live-streaming-where-to-watch-prize-money-and-more/articleshow/97817555.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-02-12 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

===Casting===
[[Colors TV]] teased the viewers, by giving a glimpse of the first two contestants answering several fan questions on their [[Instagram]] stories.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= 25 September 2022|title=Bigg Boss 16 first contestant answers fans' questions; is he Saath Nibhana Saathiya 2's... |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-16-first-contestant-is-fan-of-sidharth-shukla-asim-riaz-is-he-saath-nibhana-saathiya-2-actor-salman-khan-2022-09-25-811289 |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-26 |title=Soundarya Sharma, Gautam Vig and Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia confirmed for Bigg Boss 16 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/soundarya-sharma-gautam-vig-nimrit-kaur-ahluwalia-confirmed-for-bigg-boss-16-salman-khan-8173674/ |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> This segment was titled "#BB16ContestantFirstLook".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-25 |title=Bigg Boss 16 First Contestant Reveals Sidharth Shukla-Asim Riaz Were His Favourites - Guess Who He Is |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-16-first-contestant-reveals-sidharth-shukla-asim-riaz-were-his-favourites-guess-who-he-is-6032791.html |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-26 |title=Bigg Boss 16: From first two contestants reveal to theme this season; here's all you need to know about the show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-from-first-contestant-reveal-to-theme-of-this-season-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-show/photostory/94451146.cms |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> They were later on revealed to be [[Gautam Vig|Gautam Singh Vig]] and [[Soundarya Sharma]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16: Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2 fame Gautam Vij is the first confirmed contestant |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-saath-nibhaana-saathiya-2-fame-gautam-vij-is-the-first-confirmed-contestant/articleshow/94447406.cms |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

===Concept===
The concept for this season of Bigg Boss was "Upside Down", which meant everything would be opposite from the previous seasons.

=== Development ===
{{multiple image
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| image2 = Salman-Khan-attends-the-press-meet-of-Bigg-Boss-16.jpg
| footer = (left to right) [[Gauahar Khan]] with [[Salman Khan]] Bigg Boss 16 press conference
| align = right
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}}

The press conference<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-16-salman-khan-introduces-first-contestant-abdu-rozik/|title=Bigg Boss 16: Salman Khan introduces first contestant Abdu Rozik|date=27 September 2022}}</ref> and launch event<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-16-press-meet-live-updates-salman-khan-confirmed-contestants-8176129/|title=Bigg Boss 16 launch Live Updates: Salman Khan addresses Rs 1000 crore fee for Colors show|date=27 September 2022}}</ref> for this season was held on 27 September 2022,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-16-salman-khan-looks-dapper-in-black-as-he-attends-the-press-conference-see-pic-6051073.html|title=Bigg Boss 16: Salman Khan Looks Dapper in Black as He Attends the Press Conference, See Pic|date=27 September 2022|website=News18}}</ref> anchored by [[Gauahar Khan]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/television-bigg-boss-16-live-event-gauhar-khan-looking-so-gorgeous-in-blue-gown-as-host-of-salman-khan-show-2225572|title=बिग बॉस के लाइव इवेंट में छा गईं होस्ट गौहर खान, ब्लू गाउन में दिखाया ग्लैमरस लुक|date=27 September 2022|website=www.abplive.com}}</ref> wherein Abdu Rozik was officially introduced as first contestant.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-contestants-meet-abdu-rozik-who-salman-khan-introduced-as-the-first-confirmed-contestant/articleshow/94523411.cms|title=Bigg Boss 16 contestants: Meet Abdu Rozik who Salman Khan introduced as the first confirmed contestant |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

===Eye Logo===
The eye logo is very similar to the logo of the thirteenth season. It features a bright red colour logo with a blue pupil.

===House===
The house of this season had a "Circus" theme.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-01 |title=Bigg Boss 16 house gets a magical circus theme this year, take a look at UNSEEN PHOTOS |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bigg-boss-16-house-gets-a-magical-circus-theme-this-year-take-a-look-at-unseen-photos-article-94575286 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2022 |title=Inside Bigg Boss 16's circus-themed house: 98 cameras, four bedrooms and a lavish captain's den await contestants |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-16-house-circus-theme-98-cameras-four-bedroom-everything-new-photos-videos-8180584/}}</ref> The House was located in [[Goregaon]] for the fourth time. This season had four bedrooms: ''Fire Room'', ''Black and White Room'', ''Cards Room'' and ''Vintage Room'' and a lavish private [[Jacuzzi]] for the captain for the first time in the history of [[Bigg Boss]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16 house gets four bedrooms for the first time; read more about the new twist |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-house-gets-four-bedrooms-for-the-first-time-read-more-about-the-new-twist/articleshow/94530326.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref> The jail of the house was designed as ''Maut Ka Kuwa'' (''Well of Death'') located in a hanging position above the swimming pool.

===Release===
A promo featuring [[Salman Khan]] was released on 11 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-11 |title=Bigg Boss Season 16 teaser: Salman Khan says Bigg Boss will play the game this season |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-season-16-promo-salman-khan-8145236/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-23|title=Bigg Boss 16: Salman Khan channels Gabbar Singh in the new promo, says 'so ja varna Bigg Boss aa jayega'.|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-16-salman-khan-channels-gabbar-singh-in-new-promo-watch-101663935217051.html|access-date=2022-09-12|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Promos featuring Gori Nagori,<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=biggboss |number=1575798862505279488 |date=30 September 2022 |title=Sirf 1️⃣ din ka hai intezaar, uske baad hoga entertainment behisaab! 🔥 Dekhiye #BiggBoss16 kal se, raat 9:30 baje, sirf #Colors par.}}</ref> [[Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia]] and Abdu Rozik with Khan were released one day prior to the premiere. Promos featuring Priyanka Chahar Choudhary, [[Ankit Gupta]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=ColorsTV on Instagram: "Chaahe aapki favourite jodi ko aap jaano as #PriyAnkit ya #FaTejo, inki bemisaal chemistry ko dekhne ke liye bas aap ready raho! |url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/CjKshPTjZtb/ |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=Instagram |language=en}}</ref> and [[Tina Datta]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-01 |title=Bigg Boss 16 New Promo Introduces Tina Dutta As Contestant, She Prays To Get Love From Audience |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-16-new-promo-introduces-tina-dutta-as-contestant-she-prays-to-get-love-from-audience-6079585.html |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> were released just before the premiere.

== Housemates status==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! scope="col" style="background:#D22B2B; color:#fff;" | Sr
! scope="col" style="background:#D22B2B; color:#fff;" | Housemate
! scope="col" style="background:#D22B2B; color:#fff;" | {{nowrap|Day entered}}
! scope="col" style="background:#D22B2B; color:#fff;" | {{nowrap|Day exited}}
! scope="col" style="background:#D22B2B; color: #fff;"| Status
|-
|1
| MC Stan

| Day 1
| Day 134
| {{Win|Winner}}
|-
|2
| Shiv
| Day 1
| Day 134
| {{Runner up| 1st Runner-up}}
|-
|3
| Priyanka
| Day 1
| Day 134
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" | {{nowrap|2nd Runner-up}}
|-
| Rowspan=2|4
| Rowspan=2|Archana
| Day 1
| Day 40
| {{CRemoved|Ejected}}
|-
| Day 42
| Day 134
| {{Quit| 3rd Runner-up}}
|-
|5
| Shalin
| Day 1
| Day 134
| style="background:#FF69B4;" | 4th Runner-up
|-
|6
| Nimrit
| Day 1
| Day 131
| {{eliminated|Evicted
}}
|-
|7
| Sumbul
| Day 1
| Day 125
| {{eliminated|Evicted
}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |8
| rowspan="2" |Tina
| Day 1
| Day 70
| {{eliminated|Evicted
}}
|-
| Day 71
| Day 118
| {{eliminated|Evicted
}}
|-
|9
| Soundarya
| Day 1
| Day 112
| style="background:#BFFF04;" | {{nowrap|Evicted by Housemates}}
|-
|10
| Sajid
| Day 1
| Day 106
| {{Quit| Walked}}
|-
|11
| Abdu
| Day 1
| Day 105
| {{Quit| Walked}}
|-
| Rowspan=2| 12
| Rowspan=2| Sreejita
| Day 1
| Day 13
| {{eliminated|Evicted
}}
|-
| Day 63
| Day 105
| {{eliminated|Evicted
}}
|-
|13
| Vikkas
| Day 70
| Day 90
| {{eliminated|Evicted
}}
|-
|14
| Ankit
| Day 1
| Day 84
| style="background:#BFFF04;" | {{nowrap|Evicted by Housemates}}
|-
|15
| Gautam
| Day 1
| Day 49
| {{eliminated|Evicted
}}
|-
|16
| Gori
| Day 1
| Day 42
| {{eliminated|Evicted
}}
|-
|17
| Manya
| Day 1
| Day 21
| {{eliminated|Evicted
}}
|}

==Housemates==
The list of housemates in the order of entering the house:

===Original entrants===
* [[Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia]] – Television actress, model and lawyer.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16 contestant Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia: Here's all you need to know about the Choti Sardarni actress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-contestant-nimrit-kaur-ahluwalia-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-choti-sardarni-actress/articleshow/94553348.cms |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16: After Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia's Surprise Exit, Here Are The 5 Finalists |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-16-after-nimrit-kaur-ahluwalia-s-eviction-here-are-top-5-finalists-3760153 |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> She is best known for her dual roles as Meher Kaur Dhillon Gill and Seher Kaur Gill Babbar in ''[[Choti Sarrdaarni]]''.
* [[Abdu Rozik]] – Singer, boxer and content creator from [[Tajikistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Bigg Boss 16 contestant Abdu Rozik|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/meet-bigg-boss-16-contestant-abdu-rozik-8182709/lite/ |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=The Indian Express|date=October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-16-day-106-abdu-rozik-exits-the-house-leaves-everyone-teary-eyed-2321773-2023-01-15|title=Bigg Boss 16 Day 106: Abdu Rozik exits the house, leaves everyone teary-eyed|date=15 January 2023}}</ref> He is known to be the shortest singer in the world.
* [[Ankit Gupta]] – Actor and model.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Bigg Boss 16 contestant Ankit Gupta|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/meet-bigg-boss-16-contestant-ankit-gupta-8181082/lite/ |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=The Indian Express|date=October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2022 |title=Ankit Gupta evicted from Bigg Boss 16 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/ankit-gupta-reacts-to-bigg-boss-eviction-says-shalin-bhanot-is-genuine-tina-datta-should-have-been-out-6690277.html |access-date=25 December 2022 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He is best known for his leading role as Fateh Singh Virk in ''[[Udaariyaan]]''. Gupta also appeared in ''[[Kundali Bhagya]]'', ''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]'' and ''[[Begusarai (TV series)|Begusarai]]''
* Priyanka Chahar Choudhary – Actress.<ref>{{Cite news| title=Bigg Boss 16 contestant Priyanka Chahar Choudhary: Here's all you need to know about the Udaariyan actress
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-contestant-priyanka-chahar-choudhary-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-udaariyan-actress/articleshow/94555830.cms
|access-date=2022-09-30 |website= The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/priyanka-chahar-choudhary-bigg-boss-16-journey-bold-voice-8438216/#:~:text=Priyanka%20Chahar%20Choudhary%20is%20out%20of%20Bigg%20Boss%2016.&text=Priyanka%20Chahar%20Choudhary%2C%20who%20was,with%20a%20partner%2C%20Ankit%20Gupta.|title=Priyanka Chahar Choudhary evicted from Bigg Boss 16: The bold voice which resonated with audiences' hearts|date=13 February 2023}}</ref> She is best known for her leading portrayal of Tejo Kaur Sandhu in the soap drama ''[[Udaariyaan]]''.
* [[MC Stan]] – Rapper and music producer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Bigg Boss 16 contestant MC Stan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/meet-bigg-boss-16-contestant-rapper-mc-stan-altaf-tadavi-shaikh-8184615/|access-date=2022-10-01 |website=The Indian Express|date=October 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He is best known for his albums, ''Tadipaar'' and ''Insaan''.
* [[Archana Gautam]] – Actress, model and politician.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Bigg Boss 16 contestant Archana Gautam, who went from modelling to politics|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/meet-big-boss-16-contestant-archana-gautam-8184453/lite/|access-date=2022-10-01 |website=The Indian Express|date=October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Archana Gautam gets evicted from the winner's race and becomes the third runner up |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-finale-archana-gautam-gets-evicted-from-the-winners-race-and-becomes-the-third-runner-up/articleshow/97845155.cms |access-date=2023-02-13}}</ref> She acted in films like ''[[Great Grand Masti]]'' and ''[[Haseena Parkar]]''. She joined [[Indian National Congress]] in November 2021.
* [[Gautam Vig]] – Actor and model.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Bigg Boss 16 contestant Gautam Vig|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-16-contestant-gautam-vig-saathiya-2-naamkarann-8184327/|access-date=2022-10-01 |website=The Indian Express|date=October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-16-day-51-written-update-gautam-vig-gets-evicted-from-salman-khans-show-2299780-2022-11-21#:~:text=Gautam%20Vig%20is%20evicted%20from%20Bigg%20Boss%2016.&text=It%20was%20elimination%20day%20in,very%20upset%20at%20this%20decision.|title=Bigg Boss 16 Day 51 Written Update: Gautam Vig gets evicted from Salman Khan's show|date=21 November 2022}}</ref> He is best known for his leading role as Surya Seth in ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2]]''.
* [[Shalin Bhanot]] – Actor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Bigg Boss 16 contestant Shalin Bhanot|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/meet-bigg-boss-16-contestant-shalin-bhanot-8182799/|access-date=2022-10-01 |website=The Indian Express|date=October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shalin Bhanot become first finalist to be eliminated from Bigg Boss 16 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/shalin-bhanot-become-first-finalist-to-be-eliminated-from-bigg-boss-16-2333829-2023-02-12 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=18 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318195810/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/shalin-bhanot-become-first-finalist-to-be-eliminated-from-bigg-boss-16-2333829-2023-02-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> He is best known for his role as Keshav in ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 4]]''. Bhanot is the winner of the dance reality show ''[[Nach Baliye#Nach Baliye 4|Nach Baliye 4]]''.
* [[Soundarya Sharma]] – Actress, model and dentist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Bigg Boss 16 contestant Soundarya Sharma|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/meet-bigg-boss-16-contestant-soundarya-sharma-8183717/|access-date=2022-10-01 |website=The Indian Express|date=October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/soundarya-sharma-evicted-from-the-house-of-bigg-boss-16--news-255500|title=Soundarya Sharma Evicted From The House Of 'Bigg Boss 16'|website= Outlook|language=en |access-date=21 January 2022|date=21 January 2023}}</ref> She is known for acting in the romantic musical film ''[[Ranchi Diaries]]''.
* [[Shiv Thakare]] – Reality TV star.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-16-who-is-shiv-thakare/lite/|title=Bigg Boss 16: Who is Shiv Thakare?|work=[[Indian Express Limited|Indian Express]]|date=1 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16: Shiv Thakare becomes the first runner-up of the season |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-shiv-thakare-becomes-the-first-runner-up-of-the-season/articleshow/97846341.cms |access-date=2023-02-13}}</ref> He is the winner of ''[[Bigg Boss Marathi (season 2)|Bigg Boss Marathi 2]]''. Shiv also participated in ''[[MTV Roadies (season 15)|MTV Roadies Rising]]''.
* [[Sumbul Touqeer]] – Actress and dancer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Bigg Boss 16 contestant Sumbol Touqeer Khan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-16-sumbul-touqeer-khan-8182715/lite/|access-date=2022-10-01 |website=The Indian Express|date=October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16: Sumbul Touqeer Khan eliminated from show, says she regrets not listening to her father |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/bigg-boss-16-sumbul-touqeer-khan-eliminated-from-show-says-she-regrets-not-listening-to-her-father/articleshow/97619728.cms?from=mdr |access-date=5 February 2023 |website=The Economic Times| date=5 February 2023 }}</ref> She is best known for her role Imlie Chaturvedi Rathore in ''[[Imlie]]'' and participating in ''India's Dancing Superstar''.
* Manya Singh – Model.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Bigg Boss 16 contestant Manya Singh, the former Miss India runner-up with lots to prove|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/meet-bigg-boss-16-contestant-manya-singh-8184352/|website=The Indian Express|date=October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16's Manya Singh on her eviction: 'I was mentally ready' {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-16s-manya-singh-on-her-eviction-i-was-mentally-ready-exclusive-2288988-2022-10-25 |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> She is the runner-up of [[Femina Miss India 2020]].
* Gori Nagori – Dancer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Bigg Boss 16 contestant Gori Nagori, known as Rajasthan's Shakira|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/meet-big-boss-16-contestant-gori-nagori-8184307/|access-date=2022-10-01 |website=The Indian Express|date=October 2022 |language=en}}</ref> She is a Rajasthani-born dancer who is best known for her performance on different [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] and [[Hariyanvi]] songs.
* [[Tina Datta]] – Television actress.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttaran actor Tina Datta enters Bigg Boss 16, here's everything you need to know about her|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tina-datta-enters-bigg-boss-16-everything-to-know-about-her-8184457/|access-date=2022-10-01 |website=The Indian Express|date=October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tina Datta says she came on board Bigg Boss 16' only for 'Salman Khan sir'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tina-datta-says-she-came-on-board-bigg-boss-16-only-for-salman-sir/articleshow/94967382.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=18 November 2022|archive-date=18 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118071135/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tina-datta-says-she-came-on-board-bigg-boss-16-only-for-salman-sir/articleshow/94967382.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16': Tina Datta bids farewell to the season tonight |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/bigg-boss-16-tina-datta-bids-farewell-to-the-season-tonight-23267740 |access-date= |website=Mid-day |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128183830/https://www.mid-day.com/amp/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/bigg-boss-16-tina-datta-bids-farewell-to-the-season-tonight-23267740 |url-status=live }}</ref> She is best known for her dual roles as Ichcha and Meethi in ''[[Uttaran]]''. Datta was also seen as a contestant in the stunt-based reality show ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 7]]''.
* [[Sreejita De]] – Actress.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Bigg Boss 16 contestant Sreejita De of Uttaran fame|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/meet-bigg-boss-16-contestant-sreejita-de-of-uttaran-fame-8182742/|access-date=2022-10-01 |website=The Indian Express|date=October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-16-day-105-sreejita-de-evicted-on-weekend-ka-vaar-with-salman-khan-bharti-haarsh-roast-contestants-2321517-2023-01-14|title=Bigg Boss 16 Day 105: Sreejita De evicted on Weekend Ka Vaar, Bharti-Haarsh roast contestants|date=14 January 2023}}</ref> She is best known for her role of Mukta in ''[[Uttaran]]''. De has also played Dilruba / Sanam in ''[[Nazar (TV series)|Nazar]]'' and Aliya in ''[[Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka!]]''.
* [[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]] – Director, filmmaker, comedian and television presenter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Bigg Boss 16 contestant, director Sajid Khan|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/meet-bigg-boss-16-contestant-sajid-khan-8183316/lite/|access-date=2022-10-02 |website=The Indian Express|date=2 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-sajid-khan-leaves-the-show-hugs-and-cries-with-his-mandali-members-shiv-thakare-nimrit-kaur-ahluwalia-and-others/articleshow/96995445.cms | title=Bigg Boss 16: Sajid Khan leaves the show| newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=18 January 2024 | archive-date=31 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131201909/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-sajid-khan-leaves-the-show-hugs-and-cries-with-his-mandali-members-shiv-thakare-nimrit-kaur-ahluwalia-and-others/articleshow/96995445.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> He is the brother of [[Farah Khan]]. Khan has directed films like ''[[Heyy Babyy]]'', ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]'' and ''[[Housefull 2]]''.

===Wild card entrants===
* [[Vikkas Manaktala]] – Actor.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cyril|first=Grace|date=8 December 2022|title=Sreejita De, Vikkas Manaktala are the new wildcard contestants of Bigg Boss 16! Watch promo|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/sreejita-de-vikkas-manaktala-are-the-new-wildcard-contestants-of-bigg-boss-16-watch-promo-2306647-2022-12-08|access-date=10 December 2022|website=[[India Today]]|language=en}}</ref> He is best known for portraying Cadet Amardeep Hudda in ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]]'' and [[Gangadhar Rao]] in'' [[Jhansi Ki Rani (2019 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]''.

===Guest entrants===
* [[Fahmaan Khan]] – Actor.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web|title=Fahmaan Khan on entering Bigg Boss 16:'Don't want to spoil Sumbul's relationships in the house|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/fahmaan-khan-entering-bigg-boss-16-sumbul-touqeer-relationships-8286836/|access-date=2022-11-24 |website= The Indian Express|date= 24 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He entered the house to support Sumbul and to promote his show [[Pyar Ke Saat Vachan Dharampatnii|''Dharampatnii'']] from days 54 to 55.
* Sunny Nanasaheb Waghchaure – Businessman known as ''Golden Boy'' on social media.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16: 'Golden boys' Sunny Nanasaheb Waghchoure and Sanjay Gujar to enter as wildcard contestants |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-golden-boys-sunny-nanasaheb-waghchoure-and-sanjay-gujar-to-enter-as-wildcard-contestants/articleshow/95828101.cms |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> He stayed in the house from days 60 to 63.
* Sanjay Gujar – Businessman known as ''Golden Boy'' on social media.<ref name=":0" /> He stayed in the house from days 60 to 63.

==Twists==
===Bedroom allotment===


Housemates were chosen by the Captain / Task winners to be staying in four different bedrooms: ''Fire Room'', ''Black and White Room'', ''Cards Room'' and ''Vintage Room''. Every week the bedrooms of the housemates were chosen newly and the housemates had to stay in the chosen bedrooms. In Week 7, members of the Vintage Room and Cards Room were safe from nominations. In Week 8, and Week 10, only members of Vintage Room were safe from nominations. ''Vintage Room'' was permanently closed from Week 17. ''Fire Room'' was closed from Week 17 but reopened in Week 19. ''Black & White Room'' and ''Cards Room'' were also closed in Week 19.

'''Key:'''
{{Div col}}
:{{Color box|gold|border=silver}} indicates Captain's/King's or Queen's Room
:{{Color box|#2B3856|border=silver}} indicates Black and White Room (Room of 4)
:{{Color box|tan|border=silver}} indicates Cards Room (Room of 3)
:{{Color box|purple|border=silver}} indicates Vintage Room (Room of 2)
:{{Color box|#D22B2B|border=silver}} indicates Fire Room (Room of 6)
{{Div col end}}
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:85%; font-family: sans-serif; line-height:13px;"
|-
! rowspan="5" | Allotment by
! {{nowrap|'''Week 1'''}}
! colspan="2"|{{nowrap|'''Week 2'''}}
! colspan="2"|{{nowrap|'''Week 3'''}}
! {{nowrap|'''Week 4'''}}
! colspan="2"|{{nowrap|'''Week 5'''}}
! {{nowrap|'''Week 6'''}}
! colspan="2" |{{nowrap|'''Week 7'''}}
! {{nowrap|'''Week 8'''}}
! {{nowrap|'''Week 9'''}}
! {{nowrap|'''Week 10'''}}
! colspan=2 | {{nowrap|'''Week 11'''}}
! {{nowrap|'''Week 12'''}}
! {{nowrap|'''Week 13'''}}
! {{nowrap|'''Week 14'''}}
! {{nowrap|'''Week 15'''}}
! {{nowrap|'''Week 16'''}}
! {{nowrap|'''Week 17'''}}
! {{nowrap|'''Week 18'''}}
! {{nowrap|'''Week 19'''}}
|-
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="gold"|'''Nimrit'''
| rowspan="4" colspan="2" | '''Priyanka'''
| colspan="2" | '''Abdu'''
| rowspan="2" bgcolor=gold|'''Archana'''
| rowspan="4 " colspan="3"bgcolor=#ccc| ''None''
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" bgcolor="gold"|'''Sajid'''
| rowspan="4" bgcolor=gold|'''Shiv'''
| rowspan="4" bgcolor=gold|'''Nimrit'''
| rowspan="4" bgcolor=Gold|'''Ankit'''
| rowspan="4" colspan=2 bgcolor="gold" | '''Soundarya'''
| colspan="8" rowspan="4" bgcolor="#ccc" |''None''
|-
| colspan="2" | '''Gautam'''
|-
| colspan="2" | '''MC Stan'''
| rowspan="2" | '''Sajid'''
|-
| colspan="2" | '''Sajid'''
|-
! colspan="25" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Stan
| colspan="3" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| '''Black & White'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Captain'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap|'''Black & White'''}}}}
| bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
|-
! Shiv
| colspan="3" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Captain'''
| bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| bgcolor="gold" |'''King'''
| bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Captain'''
| bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Captain'''
| bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white| '''Fire'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap|'''Black & White'''}}}}
| bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
|-
! Priyanka
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap|'''Black & White'''}}}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| '''Black & White'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{font color|white|D22B2B|'''Fire'''}}
| bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap|'''Black & White'''}}}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
|-
! Archana
| colspan="4" bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Captain'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{font color|white|D22B2B|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap|'''Black & White'''}}}}
| bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{font color|white|D22B2B|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="9" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
|-
! Shalin
| bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap|'''Black & White'''}}}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap|'''Black & White'''}}}}
| bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="5" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="3" bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap|'''Black & White'''}}}}
| bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
|-
! Nimrit
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Captain'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| '''Black & White'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Queen'''
| colspan="7" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="3" bgcolor="gold" |'''Captain'''
| Bgcolor=grey|
|-
! Sumbul
| colspan="9" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| '''Black & White'''}}
| bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap| '''Black & White'''}}}}
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Captain'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap|'''Black & White'''}}}}
| Bgcolor=grey|
|-
! Tina
| bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap| '''Black & White'''}}}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Captain'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap| '''Black & White'''}}}}
| bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| Colspan=2 Bgcolor=grey|
|-
! Soundarya
| bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856|{{nowrap| '''Black & White'''}}}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{font color|white|D22B2B|'''Fire'''}}
| bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="3" bgcolor="gold" |'''Captain'''
| colspan="1" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="3" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="3" bgcolor="grey" |
|-
! Sajid
| colspan="3" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| '''Black & White'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="gold" |'''King'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| colspan="6" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan=4 Bgcolor=grey|
|-
! Abdu
| bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856|'''Black & White'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="gold" |'''Captain'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="purple" |{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap|'''Black & White'''}}}}
| colspan=2 bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| bgcolor=grey|
| bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Captain'''
| bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| Colspan=4 Bgcolor=grey|
|-
! Sreejita
| Colspan=2 bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="11" bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{font color|white|D22B2B|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan=2 bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap|'''Black & White'''}}}}
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Captain'''
| colspan=3 bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap|'''Black & White'''}}}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="grey" |
|-
! Vikkas
| colspan="14" bgcolor="grey" |
| colspan="4" bgcolor="tan" |{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="6" bgcolor="grey" |
|-
! Ankit
| colspan="9" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| '''Black & White'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="D22B2B" |{{font color|white|D22B2B|'''Fire'''}}
| bgcolor="gold" |'''King'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#2B3856" |{{font color| white| #2B3856| {{nowrap|'''Black & White'''}}}}
| colspan="7" bgcolor="grey" |
|-
! Gautam
| bgcolor="tan"|{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="gold"| '''Captain'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="purple"|{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| bgcolor="tan"|{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| bgcolor="gold"| '''Captain'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tan"|{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="D22B2B"|{{font color|white|D22B2B|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="13" bgcolor="grey" |
|-
! Gori
| colspan="3" bgcolor="D22B2B"|{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="tan"|{{font color| white| tan| '''Cards'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="D22B2B"|{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="15" bgcolor="grey" |
|-
! Manya
| bgcolor="purple"|{{font color| white| purple| '''Vintage'''}}
| colspan="4" bgcolor="D22B2B"|{{Font color|white|'''Fire'''}}
| colspan="19" bgcolor="grey" |
|}
</blockquote>

===Morning Anthem===
For the first time, there was a ''Bigg Boss Anthem'' in the morning instead of the usual wake-up songs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-02 |title=Bigg Boss 16 Promo: 15-year-old tradition of waking up to peppy music gets replaced by BB anthem |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/bigg-boss-16-promo-15-year-old-tradition-of-waking-up-to-peppy-music-gets-replaced-by-bb-anthem-1193178 |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201054548/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/bigg-boss-16-promo-15-year-old-tradition-of-waking-up-to-peppy-music-gets-replaced-by-bb-anthem-1193178 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Bigg Bulletin===
A new segment, ''Bigg Bulletin with Shekhar Suman'', was introduced which [[Shekhar Suman]] hosted every Sunday. In this segment, the host interacted with the contestants on the events that have transpired in the particular week. He would also roast the contestants, play games with them and pull off fun gags.<ref name="Cyril"/><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=It's time for 'Bigg Bulletin with Shekhar Suman' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/its-time-for-bigg-bulletin-with-shekhar-suman-440498 |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=Tribune India News |language=en}}</ref>

===MyGlamm Face of the Season===
In Week 1, it was revealed that all the female housemates would be competitors for ''MyGlamm Face of the Season'' through which one female housemate would become the representative of the season. Moreover, the winner of the segment would win ₹25 lakhs and get a chance to shoot for an ad with [[Shraddha Kapoor]] for ''MyGlamm''.

On Day 83, Priyanka Chahar Choudhary was declared the winner after 12 weeks through public votes.

=== Confinement punishment(s) ===

{| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
!
! colspan="2"|{{nowrap|'''Week 3'''}}
!{{nowrap|'''Week 6'''}}
!Week 7
|-
! Punishment by
| Colspan="2" Bgcolor=gold| '''Shiv'''
| bgcolor=gold|'''Abdu'''
| Bgcolor=gold|'''Sajid'''
|-
! rowspan="3" | Punishment given to
| rowspan="2" | '''Archana'''
| rowspan="3" | '''Priyanka'''
| '''Nimrit'''
| rowspan="2" | '''Priyanka'''
|-
| '''Shiv'''
|-
| '''Soundarya'''
| '''Shalin'''
| '''Ankit'''
|-
! Form of Punishment
| {{nowrap|''Maut Ka Kuwa''}}
| ''The Box''
| {{Nowrap|''Maut Ka Kuwa''}}
| {{Nowrap|''Maut Ka Kuwa''}}
|}

===Maahim (Dog)===
On Day 87 (Week 13), "Maahim" a [[St. Bernard (dog)|St. Bernard]] dog was sent in the house and it stayed in the house till the finale.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16 Day 87 update |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-16-day-87-priyanka-chahar-to-tina-datta-8-contestants-nominated-for-eviction-2314034-2022-12-27 |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16: BB welcomes a new member of the house. |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-16-bb-welcomes-a-new-member-of-the-house-any-guesses-2313637-2022-12-26 |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16 house to welcome a special new member, 'Maahim' |url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/cute-alert-bigg-boss-16-house-to-welcome-a-special-new-member-maahim-2553809.html |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>

===Family week===
In Week 15, family members of the 12 housemates, referred to as VVIPs, entered the house to meet and support them.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16: Family members of Shiv Thakare, Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia, Shalin Bhanot, MC Stan and others to visit the house for the family week - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-family-members-of-shiv-thakare-nimrit-kaur-ahluwalia-shalin-bhanot-mc-stan-and-others-to-visit-the-house-for-family-week/articleshow/96767048.cms |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-08 |title=Bigg Boss 16's Family Week: Farah Khan treats Abdu Rozik with Yakhani pulao and burger; calls him, Shiv Thakare and MC Stan her new-found brothers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-16-family-week-farah-khan-treats-abdu-rozik-yakhani-pulao-burger-calls-him-shiv-thakare-mc-stan-brothers-8368661/ |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
|-
! scope="col" style="background:#D22B2B; color:#fff;" | Housemate
! scope="col" style="background:#D22B2B; color:#fff;" |{{nowrap|Connection name}}
! scope="col" style="background:#D22B2B; color:#fff;" | Connection
! scope="col" style="background:#D22B2B; color:#fff;" | Day entered
! scope="col" style="background:#D22B2B; color:#fff;" | Day exited
|-
! Sajid
| [[Farah Khan]]
| Sister
| rowspan="3" | Day 100
| Day 100
|-
! Shiv
| Ashatai Thakare
| Mother
| rowspan="2" | Day 101
|-
! Priyanka
| Yogesh Choudhary
| Brother
|-
! Stan
| Vahida Tadavi
| Mother
| rowspan="3" | Day 101
| rowspan="3" | Day 102
|-
! Archana
| Gulshan Gautam
| Brother
|-
! Nimrit
| Gurdeep Singh Ahluwalia
| Father
|-
! Tina
| Madhumita Datta
| Mother
| rowspan="3" | Day 102
| rowspan="3" | Day 103
|-
! Shalin
| Sunita Bhanot
| Mother
|-
! Abdu
| Just Sul
| Friend
|-
! Soundarya
| Usha Sharma
| Mother
| rowspan="3" | Day 103
| rowspan="3" | Day 104
|-
! Sumbul
| Iqbal Khan
| Uncle
|-
! Sreejita
| Michael Blohm-Pape
| Fiancé
|}

==Guest appearances==
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;font-size:85%; background: white; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%;"
! bgcolor="D22B2B" |'''{{Font color|white
|Week(s)}}'''
! bgcolor="D22B2B" |'''{{Font color|white|Day(s)}}'''
! bgcolor="D22B2B" |'''{{Font color|white|Guest(s)}}'''
! bgcolor="D22B2B" |'''{{Font color|white|Notes}}'''
! bgcolor="D22B2B" |'''{{Font color|white|Ref.}}'''
|-
! rowspan="2" |Premiere
| rowspan="2" | Day 1
| {{nowrap|Touqeer Khan}}
| To support daughter Sumbul Touqeer
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16: Sumbul Touqeer's father comes on stage, he tells Salman meeting him has been a dream come true |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-imlie-fame-sumbul-touqueer-makes-a-chaka-chak-entry-on-salman-khans-show-watch/articleshow/94581343.cms |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Shehnaaz Gill]]
|To support [[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]] via video message
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title='Me Too' accused Sajid Khan gets support from Shehnaaz Gill for Salman Khan-hosted 'Bigg Boss 16', netizens lash out on Sana for her video message to the director |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/me-too-accused-sajid-khan-gets-support-from-shehnaaz-gill-for-salman-khan-hosted-bigg-boss-16-netizens-lash-out-on-sana-for-her-video-message-to-the-director-437480 |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" |Week 1
|Day 3
|Kili Paul
|For taking part in the task
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bigg-boss-16-tanzanian-creator-kili-paul-makes-surprise-entry-tu-cheez-badi-hai-mast-grooves-abdu-rozik-mc-stan-watch-promo/|title=Bigg Boss 16: Tanzanian creator Kili Paul makes surprise entry on 'Tu Cheez Badi Hai Mast', grooves with Abdu Rozik, MC Stan, watch promo|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=5 October 2022 |access-date= October 5, 2022}}</ref>
|-
|Day 6
|[[Rashmika Mandanna]] and [[Neena Gupta]]
|To promote ''[[Goodbye (2022 film)|Goodbye]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-16-salman-khan-rashmika-mandanna-neena-gupta-saami-saami-8196262/lite/|title=Bigg Boss 16: Salman Khan, Rashmika Mandanna and Neena Gupta dance on Saami Saami, watch video|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=7 October 2022 |access-date= October 7, 2022}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="5" |Week 2
| Day 12
| [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]], [[Varun Dhawan]], [[Parineeti Chopra]], [[Shehnaaz Gill]], [[Mika Singh]] & [[Urvashi Rautela]]
| To feature in Abdu Rozik’s Chota Bhaijaan video
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | Day 13
| Touqeer Khan
| To interact with daughter Sumbul Touqeer
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16: Sumbul Touqeer's dad slams Tina Datta and Shalin Bhanot; says "aap ne toh Meri beti ka Mazak bana diya" |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-sumbul-touqeers-dad-slams-tina-datta-and-shalin-bhanot-says-aap-ne-toh-meri-beti-ka-mazak-bana-diya/articleshow/94845936.cms |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Harrdy Sandhu]] and [[Parineeti Chopra]]
| To promote ''[[Code Name: Tiranga]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16: Parineeti Chopra says she is jealous of Abdu Rozik's 'three wives' as he sings Kinna Sohna for her |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bigg-boss-16-parineeti-chopra-says-she-is-jealous-of-abdu-roziks-three-wives-as-he-sings-kinna-sohna-for-her-article-94863171 |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=TimesNow |date=14 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sidharth Malhotra]] and [[Rakul Preet Singh]]
| To promote ''[[Thank God (film)|Thank God]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16: Salman Khan teases Sidharth Malhotra with Kiara Advani's name; congratulates him for his wedding |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-salman-khan-teases-sidharth-malhotra-with-kiara-advanis-name-congratulates-him-for-his-wedding/articleshow/94894841.cms |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Bhavin Rabari
|To promote ''[[Chhello Show]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-16 |title=Bigg Boss 16 Weekend Ka Vaar: Sumbul Touqeer Confronts Shalin Bhanot, Tina Dutta, Chhello Show's Bhavin Rabari in the House |url=https://www.news18.com/news/bigg-boss/bigg-boss-16-weekend-ka-vaar-sumbul-touqeer-confronts-shalin-bhanot-tina-dutta-chhello-shows-bhavin-rabari-in-the-house-6174811.html |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!Week 3
| Day 21
|[[Karan Johar]]
|To host ''Weekend Ka Vaar'' in absence of
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-salman-khan-down-with-dengue-karan-johar-takes-over-as-host/articleshow/95028837.cms|title=Bigg Boss 16: Salman Khan down with dengue, Karan Johar takes over as host|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
!Week 4
| Day 29
| [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Ishaan Khatter]] and [[Siddhant Chaturvedi]]
| To promote ''[[Phone Bhoot]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-26 |title=Bigg Boss 16: Katrina Kaif to grace Salman Khan's show in 'Shukravaar Ka Vaar' episode to promote Phone Bhoot |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/bigg-boss-16-katrina-kaif-to-grace-salman-khans-show-in-shukravaar-ka-vaar-episode-to-promote-phone-bhoot-1196412 |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215201544/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/bigg-boss-16-katrina-kaif-to-grace-salman-khans-show-in-shukravaar-ka-vaar-episode-to-promote-phone-bhoot-1196412 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
!rowspan=2|Week 5
| rowspan="2" |Day 34
|[[Janhvi Kapoor]] and [[Sunny Kaushal]]
| To promote ''[[Mili (2022 film)|Mili]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2022-11-04 |title=Bigg Boss 16: Janhvi Kapoor and Sunny Kaushal Join 'Shukravaar Ka Vaar' Episode |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-16-janhvi-kapoor-and-sunny-kaushal-join-shukravaar-ka-vaar-episode-1561535 |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sonakshi Sinha]], [[Huma Qureshi]], [[Zaheer Iqbal]] and [[Mahat Raghavendra]]
|To promote ''[[List of Hindi films of 2022|Double XL]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16: Sonakshi Sinha, Huma Qureshi and Jahnvi Kapoor to grace Salman Khan's Weekend Ka Vaar - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-sonakshi-sinha-huma-qureshi-and-jahnvi-kapoor-to-grace-salman-khans-weekend-ka-vaar/articleshow/95259358.cms |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=2|Week 6
| rowspan="2" | Day 41
| [[Arjun Bijlani]] and [[Sunny Leone]]
| To promote [[MTV Splitsvilla (season 14)|''MTV Splitsvilla X4'']]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16: Housemates Share Who Broke Their Hearts With Sunny Leone And Arjun Bijlani |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-16-tina-datta-nimrit-kaur-ahluwalia-and-others-reveal-who-broke-their-hearts-3513793 |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[Varun Dhawan]] and [[Kriti Sanon]]
|To promote [[Bhediya (film)|''Bhediya'']]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16: Varun Dhawan, Kriti Sanon teach Thumkeshwari steps to Salman Khan, video goes viral |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-bigg-boss-16-varun-dhawan-kriti-sanon-teach-thumkeshwari-steps-to-salman-khan-video-goes-viral-3001645 |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!Week 7
|Day 49
|[[Ayushmann Khurrana]] and [[Jaideep Ahlawat]]
|To promote ''[[An Action Hero]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16: Ayushmann Khurrana and Jaideep Ahlawat in the house; Play a task with the housemates |url=https://www.businessupturn.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss/bigg-boss-16-ayushmann-khurrana-and-jaideep-ahlawat-in-the-house-play-a-task-with-the-housemates/ |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=Business Upturn |date=19 November 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="4" |Week 8
| rowspan="4" | Day 56
| [[Fahmaan Khan]] and Kritika Singh Yadav
| To promote their show [[Pyar Ke Saat Vachan Dharampatnii|''Dharampatnii'']]
|<ref name="indianexpress.com"/>
|-
| [[Kajol]] and [[Revathi]]
| To promote ''[[Salaam Venky]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Indo-Asian News |date=2022-11-26 |title='BB 16': Kajol, Revathy join Salman Khan 'Weekend Ka Vaar' |url=https://www.siasat.com/bb-16-kajol-revathy-join-salman-khan-weekend-ka-vaar-2466423/ |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| Sumbul's father, Tina's mother and Shalin's parents
| To interact with the host
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-25 |title=Salman Khan schools Sumbul's dad in front of Shalin Bhanot and Tina Datta's parents on Bigg Boss 16: Aapko lagta hai... |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/salman-khan-schools-sumbul-s-dad-in-front-of-shalin-bhanot-and-tina-datta-s-parents-on-bigg-boss-16-101669361177810.html |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Arbaaz Khan]], [[Manav Vij]], [[Sudhir Mishra]], [[Waluscha De Sousa]] and [[Sumit Kaul]]
| To promote ''[[Tanaav]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16: Salman Khan reveals he wanted to be a part of Sudhir Mishra's project; says, 'Par aapne toh mujhe reject hi kar diya tha' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-salman-khan-reveals-he-wanted-to-be-a-part-of-sudhir-mishras-project-says-par-aapne-toh-mujhe-reject-hi-kar-diya-tha/articleshow/95780803.cms |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!Week 9
|Day 63
|[[Parth Samthaan]] and [[Niti Taylor]]
|To promote ''[[Kaisi Yeh Yaariaan]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16 Day 64 Written Update: Salman Khan bashes Archana, Paarth-Niti promote Kaisi Yeh Yaariaan 4 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-16-day-64-written-update-salman-khan-bashes-archana-paarth-niti-promote-kaisi-yeh-yaariaan-4-2305087-2022-12-04 |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!Week 10
|Day 69
| [[Shehnaaz Gill]] and MC Square
| To promote ''Ghani Syaani''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Shehnaaz Gill in figure-hugging sequin dress steals the show with MC Square on Bigg Boss 16: Check out pics, videos |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/shehnaaz-gill-in-figure-hugging-sequin-dress-steals-the-show-with-mc-square-on-bigg-boss-16-check-out-pics-videos-101670552965897.html |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! Rowspan=2|Week 11
| Day 76
| [[Vicky Kaushal]] and [[Kiara Advani]]
| To promote ''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-16 |title=Bigg Boss 16: Govinda Naam Mera actors Vicky Kaushal and Kiara Advani turn RJs and interact with housemates |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/bigg-boss-16-govinda-naam-mera-actors-vicky-kaushal-and-kiara-advani-turn-rjs-and-interact-with-housemates-1203635 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=17 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217194451/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/bigg-boss-16-govinda-naam-mera-actors-vicky-kaushal-and-kiara-advani-turn-rjs-and-interact-with-housemates-1203635 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|Day 77
| [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Rohit Shetty]], [[Varun Sharma]], [[Pooja Hegde]] and [[Jacqueline Fernandez]]
| To promote ''[[Cirkus (film)|Cirkus]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-17 |title=Bigg Boss 16: Ranveer Singh, Rohit Shetty Surprise Contestants; Priyanka, Shiv And Abdu Offered Khatron Ke Khiladi 13? |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-16-ranveer-singh-rohit-shetty-surprise-contestants-priyanka-shiv-and-abdu-offered-khatron-ke-khiladi13-10057774 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Jagran English |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" | Week 12
|Day 81-82
| Vijay Vikram Singh
| To distract housemates from performing ration task
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-22 |title=Who is Vijay Vikram Singh, the man behind the voice of Bigg Boss? |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/who-is-vijay-vikram-singh-the-man-behind-the-voice-of-bigg-boss-11853701.html |access-date=2022-12-25 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |Day 84
|[[Genelia D'Souza]], [[Riteish Deshmukh]]
|To promote ''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-23 |title=Bigg Boss 16: Riteish Deshmukh, Genelia D'souza raise the entertainment quotient as they enter the house |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/bigg-boss-16-riteish-deshmukhgenelia-dsouza-raise-the-entertainment-quotient-as-they-enter-the-house-1204495 |access-date=2022-12-25 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225133559/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/bigg-boss-16-riteish-deshmukhgenelia-dsouza-raise-the-entertainment-quotient-as-they-enter-the-house-1204495 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[Manish Paul]]
|To co-host and celebrate Salman's birthday
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-24 |title=Guest Maniesh Paul rings in Salman Khan's birthday celebrations on Colors' 'Bigg Boss 16' |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/guest-maniesh-paul-rings-in-salman-khans-birthday-celebrations-on-colors-bigg-boss-16-23262107 |access-date=2022-12-25 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" |Week 14
| Day 91
| [[Dharmendra]], [[Tripti shukla]], [[Krushna Abhishek]], [[Kashmera Shah]], [[Karan Kundrra]], [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]], Rajiv Adatia, [[Meet Bros]], [[Karan Aujla]] & [[Nora Fatehi]]
| For [[New Year]] celebration
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16 Shanivaar Ka Vaar: Salman Khan questions Nimrit; contestants celebrate with Dharmendra |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-16-shanivaar-ka-vaar-salman-khan-questions-nimrit-contestants-celebrate-with-dharmendra-2315907-2023-01-01 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Day 92
| [[Ikka Singh|Ikka]] and Seedhe Maut
|To perform with [[Altaf Tadavi|'''MC STΔN''']] and celebrate [[New Year]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16: Meet Ikka and Seedhe Maut who performed live with MC Stan, know their real names |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-bigg-boss-16-meet-ikka-and-seedhe-maut-who-performed-live-with-mc-stan-know-their-real-names-3014518 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Day 97
|Shiv's mother, MC Stan's mother, Archana's brother, Nimrit's father, Tina's mother, Shalin's mother, Sumbul's uncle, Sreejita's fiancé
|To interact with the host
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16: Family members of Shiv Thakare, Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia, Shalin Bhanot, MC Stan and others to visit the house for family week - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-family-members-of-shiv-thakare-nimrit-kaur-ahluwalia-shalin-bhanot-mc-stan-and-others-to-visit-the-house-for-family-week/articleshow/96767048.cms |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="15" |Week 15
|Day 100
|[[Farah Khan]] (Sajid's sister)
| rowspan="12" |To meet housemates for Family Week
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Day 100-101
|Ashatai Thakare (Shiv's mother)
|
|-
|Yogesh Choudhary (Priyanka's brother)
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |Day 101-102
|Vahida Tadavi (MC Stan's mother)
|
|-
|Gulshan Gautam (Archana's brother)
|
|-
|Gurdeep Singh Ahluwalia (Nimrit's father)
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |Day 102-103
|Madhumita Datta (Tina's mother)
|
|-
|Sunita Bhanot (Shalin's mother)
|
|-
|Just Sul (Abdu's friend)
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |Day 103-104
|Usha Sharma (Soundarya's mother)
|
|-
|Iqbal Khan (Sumbul's uncle)
|
|-
|Michael Blohm-Pape (Sreejita's fiance)
|
|-
|Day 103-104
|[[Simi Garewal]]
|To host a talk show with housemates and host
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-12 |title=Bigg Boss 16: Simi Garewal Brings Her Iconic Talk Show In The House, Quizzes Priyanka And Tina {{!}} Watch |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-16-simi-garewal-brings-her-iconic-talk-show-in-the-house-quizzes-priyanka-and-tina-watch-10060812 |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=Jagran English |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Day 104
|[[Bharti Singh]], [[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]] and their son Laksh "Gola"
| rowspan="2" |To interact with the host and housemates
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-13 |title=Bigg Boss 16: Salman Khan turns babysitter for Bharti Singh and Haarsh Limbachiyaa's son, dances with him. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-16-salman-khan-turns-babysitter-for-bharti-singh-s-son-watch-101673605933156.html |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Day 105
|[[Dibang]] and [[Sandiip Sikcand]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-14 |title=Bigg Boss 16: Renowned news anchor Dibang and a popular producer Sandiip Sikcand schools the contestants tonight |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/news-anchor-dibang-and-producer-sandiip-sikcand-to-school-contestants-tonight-23265463 |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="4" |Week 16
|Day 112-113
|Astrologer Saurish Sharma
|To predict future of housemates and interact with the host
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-20 |title=Find out the fate of housemates of Colors 'Bigg Boss 16' from astrologer and visionary mentor Saurish Sharma |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/find-out-the-fate-of-housemates-of-colors-bigg-boss-16-from-astrologer-and-visionary-mentor-saurish-sharma-23266486 |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |Day 113
|[[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]]
|To interact with the host
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16: Salman Khan gives his film titles to housemates, calls Shalin 'Tubelight', Tina 'Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-bigg-boss-16-salman-khan-calls-shalin-bhanot-tubelight-tina-datta-maine-pyaar-kyun-kiya-sajid-khan-abdu-rozik-3018541 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Abdu Rozik
|To promote his song ''Pyar''
|-
|Day 114
|[[Ekta Kapoor]] and [[Dibakar Banerjee]]
|To interact with the host and cast housemates for their upcoming film ''[[Love Sex Aur Dhokha|LSD]] 2''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16 Weekend Ka Vaar: Ekta Kapoor, Dibakar Banerjee cast Nimrit for their film; Soundarya evicted! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/bigg-boss-16-weekend-ka-vaar-ekta-kapoor-dibakar-banerjee-cast-nimrit-for-their-film-soundarya-evicted-2564611.html |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! Rowspan=3| Week 17
| rowspan="3" | Day 117
| [[Mika Singh]]
| To promote his song ''Miss You''
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16 Weekend Ka Vaar Updates: Anil Kapoor, Mika Singh Grace the BB House with host and dost Farah Khan |url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/bigg-boss-16-weekend-ka-vaar-updates-anil-kapoor-mika-singh-grace-the-bb-house-with-host-and-dost-farah-khan-2566481.html |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Anil Kapoor]]
| To promote ''The Night Manager''
|-
| [[Kartik Aaryan]]
| To promote [[Shehzada (2023 film)|''Shehzada'']]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-28 |title=Bigg Boss 16: Archana Gautam calls Kartik Aaryan 'bhaiya' while enacting a romantic scene. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-16-archana-gautam-calls-kartik-aaryan-bhaiya-while-enacting-a-romantic-scene-watch-101674884614648.html |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" |Week 18
| rowspan="3" |Day 125
|[[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
|To promote his song ''Players''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16 Shukravaar Ka Vaar: Karan Johar takes on hosting responsibilities, Badshah joins the laugh riot |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-16-shukravaar-ka-vaar-karan-johar-takes-on-hosting-responsibilities-badshah-joins-the-laugh-riot-2330319-2023-02-04 |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anupam Kher]] and [[Neena Gupta]]
|To promote ''[[Shiv Shastri Balboa]]''
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-04 |title=Bigg Boss 16: Karan Johar reprimands Archana Gautam for taking revenge |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/bigg-boss-16-karan-johar-reprimands-archana-gautam-for-taking-revenge-23268805 |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Iulia Vântur and [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
|To promote their song ''Yai Re''
|-
! rowspan="2" |Week 19
|Day 130
|[[Krushna Abhishek]]
| To entertain the housemates
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16 Day 130: Krushna Abhishek enters house as nakli Jaggu Dada, roasts top 5 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-16-day-130-krushna-abhishek-enters-house-as-nakli-jaggu-dada-roasts-top-5-2331890-2023-02-08 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Day 132
|[[Rohit Shetty]]
|To select the first contestant of Khatron Ke Khiladi 13
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16: Rohit Shetty Announces The First Contestant Of Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-16-rohit-shetty-to-select-first-contestant-for-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-3773631 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="4" |Grand Finale
| rowspan="4" |Day 133
| [[Bharti Singh]] and [[Krushna Abhishek]]
| To play with the housemates
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16 Finale: After Salman Khan, Krushna Abhishek and Bharti Singh call all the contestants inside the house; Tina Datta is missing from the gang |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-finale-after-salman-khan-krushna-abhishek-and-bharti-singh-call-all-the-contestants-inside-the-house-tina-datta-is-missing-from-the-gang/articleshow/97843670.cms |access-date=2023-02-13 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sunny Deol]] and [[Ameesha Patel]]
| To promote their film [[Gadar 2: The Katha Continues]]
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16 Finale Round-Up: MC Stan's Big Win, Sunny Deol-Ameesha Patel As Special Guests |url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/bigg-boss-16-finale-round-up-mc-stans-big-win-sunny-deol-ameesha-patel-as-special-guests-104371 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Karan Kundrra]], [[Gashmeer Mahajani]] and [[Reem Shaikh]]
| To promote ''[[Tere Ishq Mein Ghayal]]''
|-
| [[Ankit Gupta]], Neha Rana and [[Gautam Vig|Gautam Singh Vig]]
| To promote ''[[Junooniyatt]]''
|}

==Weekly summary ==

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; width=30%" bgcolor=dc143c| {{ font color | #ffffff | #DC143C | '''First Day First Show''' }}
|'''Entrances'''||Nimrit, Abdu, Ankit, Priyanka, MC Stan, Archana, Gautam, Shalin, Soundarya, Shiv, Sumbul, Manya, Gori, Tina, Sreejita and Sajid entered the house.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16 Contestants List With Photos: Know all about 16 participants of Salman Khan's show|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-16-contestants-list-with-photos-know-all-about-16-participants-of-salman-khan-show-tina-datta-abdu-ankit-gupta-2022-10-02-813044|access-date=2022-10-02 |website=India Tv|date=2 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|'''Twist'''||Nimrit was made the captain of the house by Bigg Boss as she was the first housemate.
|-
| rowspan="11" style="text-align:center; width=30%" bgcolor="red" | {{ font color | #ffffff | red | '''Week 1''' }}
|'''Nominations'''||Shiv, Archana, MC Stan, Sajid, Gori and Gautam were nominated for the first-week eviction.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16 updates: Sajid Khan, MC Stan, Gautam Vig, Gori Nagori, Shiv Thakare get nominated for elimination|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-bigg-boss-16-updates-sajid-khan-mc-stan-gautam-vig-gori-nagori-shiv-thakare-get-nominated-for-elimination-2990053/amp|access-date=2022-10-04 |website=Dna India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|'''Twists'''||
* Bigg Boss broke its 15-year ritual of morning wake-up song and replaced it with Bigg Boss Anthem.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16: Bigg Boss breaks its 15 year old tradition, plays wake up song for the last time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-bigg-boss-breaks-its-15-year-old-tradition-plays-wake-up-song-for-the-last-time/articleshow/94591209.cms |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
*For the first time Bigg Boss will keep an eye on the captain 24/7 and if the captain is negligent, they will be fired from the post immediately.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-02 |title=Bigg Boss 16 Day 2 Promo: Sajid Khan & Abdu Roziq Have A Hilarious Banter |url=https://www.missmalini.com/2022/10/02/India%27s%20#1%20source%20for%20the%20latest%20Bollywood%20&%20Indian%20TV%20news,%20celebrity%20gossip,%20fashion%20trends,%20beauty%20tips%20and%20lifestyle%20updates! |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=MissMalini |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*Bigg Boss again broke its 15-year ritual of nominating people by giving reasons and asked the housemates to nominate their co-contestants directly without reason.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16, Day 2 written updates: Bigg Boss changes nomination rules, a fight breaks out between Gautam and Priyanka|url= https://zeenews.india.com/television/bigg-boss-16-day-2-written-updates-bigg-boss-changes-nomination-rules-fight-breaks-out-between-gautam-and-priyanka-2517670.html/amp|website=Zee News| access-date=2022-10-04|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''||Nimrit was fired from the captaincy post due to continuous violation of house rules. Nimrit was given a chance to save her captaincy. The contestant who rings the bell first in the garden will get a chance to challenge Nimrit. Shalin rings the bell and challenges Nimrit. The task was that both the contenders will stand on a platform and hold baskets on their heads. The one who drops it first will lose and the other one would become the captain. The other contestants will put things in their baskets. Sajid will be the sanchalak.
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Nimrit'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – Shalin'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
* Stand-up comedy: Sajid was asked to do a stand-up comedy show for housemates. If the housemates liked it, Sajid would get a special advantage to distribute the ration among the 4 bedrooms.
* Reel competition: There was a reel competition between MC Stan and Abdu. Their managers, Sumbul and Shiv would convince the housemates to do a reel with them. The person who does maximum reels with the housemates wins the task and would get a special advantage to change the bed positions of the housemates.
* Immunity task: Gori was told to do a special dance performance for the housemates. If all housemates like her performance and join her. She will get an advantage to immune one nominated housemate including herself. If no one likes her performance, the rest of the nominated housemates will have to mutually decide to immune one housemate other than Gori.
|-
|'''Result'''||
* Stand-up comedy: Sajid won the task and distributed the ration among the 4 bedrooms.
* Reel competition: MC Stan made maximum reels with housemates and won the task. MC Stan and Sumbul also got the advantage of changing the bed positions.
* Immunity Task: Gori successfully completed the task and saved herself from nominations.
|-
|'''Punishments'''||
* Tina, Manya and Soundarya were punished for saying sorry during nominations and were told to do all the work in the house until the next notice.
*Nimrit was fired from captaincy as she was negligent.
|-
| bgcolor="#cfc" |'''House Captain'''
|'''Nimrit'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||Nimrit was asked to select one person from Tina, Manya and Soundarya who will be freed from doing all housework. She chose Manya and replaced her with Priyanka.
|-
|'''Exits'''||On Day 8, no eviction took place.
|-
! rowspan="11" style="background:red;" | {{ font color | #ffffff | '''Week 2''' }}
|-
|'''Nominations'''||Gori, MC Stan, Sreejita, Tina and Shalin were nominated for second-week eviction by house captain Gautam.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''||Gautam and Shiv competed for the captaincy task. The task was that both the contenders will stand on a platform and hold baskets on their heads. The one who drops it first will lose and the other one would become the captain. Other contestants will put things in their baskets and Nimrit will be the sanchalak.
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Gautam'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – Shiv'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||Music video: Nimrit and Priyanka would have to make a music video with Abdu as the main lead on ''Chota Bhaijaan'' which was sung by Abdu. The one who made a better video will get a special advantage in changing the bed positions of the housemates.
|-
|'''Result'''||Priyanka's music video was chosen as the best and she won the task and got the advantage in changing the bed positions of the housemates.
|-
|'''Punishments'''||
*Shalin was punished for being physical with Archana Gautam and was nominated for 2 weeks <s>and also he would not be able to become a contender for captaincy for the entire season</s>. (Shalin contended for captaincy after his punishment was called-off in Week 10)
*Gori, MC Stan, Sreejita and Tina were chosen by captain Gautam for using derogatory language in the house and were nominated directly for eviction.
|-
|bgcolor=#cfc|'''House Captain'''||'''Gautam'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||Bigg Boss asked contestants to name the most irritating person in the house. The housemates named Archana, and as a result, Bigg Boss asked Archana to stay silent and Shalin would be her voice for conveying her messages to all the housemates until his next order. They fulfilled their order and Archana got 1 kg of Ginger and Shalin got 1 week's supply of chicken.
|-
|'''Exits'''|| On Day 13, Sreejita De was evicted after facing public votes.
|-
! rowspan="12" style="background:red;" | {{ font color | #ffffff | '''Week 3''' }}
|-
|'''Nominations'''||Manya, Shalin and Sumbul were nominated for third-week eviction.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''||Shiv and Priyanka competed for the captaincy task. Both contenders had to make as many lines as they can with wooden domino bricks of a specific colour. After the time ends, sanchalak Gautam will decide who won the task on the basis of the lengths of the lines of bricks and maintaining the rules.
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Shiv'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – Priyanka'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||BB Train: Four favourite members including Abdu, Sajid, MC Stan and Gautam were selected from the choices of all the housemates. These four individuals got the exclusive right to include a housemate in their rooms.
|-
|'''Result'''|| [Check ''Bedroom Allotment'']
|-
|'''Punishments'''||
* Archana and Soundarya were sentenced to jail ''Maut Ka Kuwa'' for the time being.
* Priyanka was punished by Captain Shiv after the former refused to perform her duties and was kept in ''the Box'' for a certain amount of time.
* Shiv was fired from Captaincy on Day 20 and Archana was made the House Captain by Bigg Boss.
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#cfc" |'''House Captain'''||
'''<s>Shiv</s>'''
|-
|'''Archana'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||[[Karan Johar]] hosted ''Weekend Ka Vaar'' instead of [[Salman Khan]] as Salman was sick because of [[Dengue fever]].
|-
|'''Exits'''||On Day 21, Manya Singh was evicted after facing public votes.
|-
! rowspan="11" style="background:red;" | {{ font color | #ffffff | '''Week 4''' }}
|-
|'''Nominations'''||Abdu, Gautam, Gori, Nimrit, Shiv, Soundarya and Tina were nominated for the fourth-week eviction.
|-
|Rowspan="3"|'''Captaincy Task'''||All housemates had to fight to achieve the throne kept in Activity Area. The losing housemates will be confined in the cage by order under the throne with 2 options - remove the throne-winning person from Captaincy's race & take a particular amount of ration or keep that person as a candidate for Captaincy and sacrifice the extra ration.
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"|'''Winner –''' ''None''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed –''' '''All contestants'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
|-
|'''Result'''||Captaincy task was dissolved.
|-
|'''Punishments'''||Nimrit and Soundarya were punished by Bigg Boss due to their overuse of English and punished to repeat the same sentence in Hindi again and again given by Bigg Boss until next command.
|-
| Bgcolor=#cfc|'''House Captain'''
!''None''
|-
|'''Notes'''||
|-
|'''Exits'''||On Day 29, no eviction took place.
|-
! rowspan="14" style="background:red;" | {{ font color | #ffffff | '''Week 5''' }}
|-
|'''Nominations'''||Archana, Soundarya and Sumbul were nominated for fifth-week eviction.
|-
| rowspan="5" |'''Captaincy Task'''||
* On Day 29 Salman Khan offered Captaincy to Gautam giving the condition that Gautam had to sacrifice the housemates' ration to achieve the captaincy. Gautam accepted the offer.
* On Day 33, all the 4 ex-captains, Nimrit, Gautam, Shiv and Archana, will be the pied pipers and the remaining housemates except Shalin will be the contenders, There will be 4 rounds, each round, one pied piper will take 2 contenders to the swimming pool and tell them to go to the pool and explain why they are removed from captaincy contenders' race. The last housemate remaining will become the new Captain.
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Gautam'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed –''' ''None''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Abdu'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed –''' ''None''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
|-
|'''Result'''||
|-
|'''Punishments'''||On Day 32, Gautam was fired from captaincy due to his failure to handle the house and housemates.
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor=#cfc|'''House Captain'''
|'''<s>Gautam</s>'''
|-
|'''Abdu'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||Nominated contestants were asked to choose their representatives whom they trust. Archana, Soundarya and Sumbul chose Priyanka, Gautam and Sajid respectively. These three representatives were offered to choose between either saving all the nominated contestants from eviction and losing 25 lakh rupees from prize money, or keeping the prize money and letting one of them get evicted per public votes. They chose to save them, and the housemates lost 25 lakhs from the 50-lakh prize money.
|-
|'''Exits'''||
*On Day 33, Tina Datta walked out of the house as she got the news that her pet dog died. She re-entered on the same day after some time.
*On Day 35, no eviction took place.
|-
! rowspan="12" style="background:red;" | {{ font color | #ffffff | '''Week 6''' }}
|-
|'''Nominations'''||Gori, Priyanka and Sumbul were nominated for sixth-week eviction.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''||On Day 39, Bigg Boss gave power to contestants on whether they want Abdu to remain captain or not. There were two godowns and every time two housemates will go and collect gold bars in a bag and put the bag in either the "For Abdu" rack or the "Change Abdu" rack, whichever compartment will have more gold will win. Priyanka was the sanchalak in this task. At the end of the task, Priyanka chose the "Change Abdu" godown for the win.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-11 |title=Bigg Boss 16 Day 39-40 Highlights: Abdu Loses Captaincy, Archana Eliminated for Violence |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-16-day-39-40-highlights-abdu-loses-captaincy-archana-eliminated-for-violence-6356833.html |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Contestants who decided to change Abdu (Soundarya, Archana and Gautam)'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – Contestants who decided not to change Abdu (Tina, Nimrit and Sajid)'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
|-
|'''Result'''||
|-
|'''Punishments'''||
*Nimrit, Shiv and Shalin were sentenced to jail ''Maut Ka Kuwa'' by ''Captain'' Abdu Rozik for the time being.
|-
| Rowspan=2 bgcolor=#cfc|'''House Captain'''
|<s> '''Abdu'''</s>
|-
|'''No Captain'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||
|-
|'''Exits'''||
*On Day 40, Archana Gautam was ejected due to physical violence with Shiv Thakare.
*On Day 42, Gori Nagori was evicted after facing public votes.
|-
! rowspan="13" style="background:red;" | {{ font color | #ffffff | '''Week 7''' }}
|-
|'''Entrances'''||On Day 43, Archana Gautam {{nowrap|re-entered}} the house.
|-
|'''Nominations'''||Gautam, Shalin, Soundarya and Tina were nominated for seventh-week eviction.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''||Guide and tourist task: On hearing the buzzer, the contestants will be asked to take the form of a mannequin except for Sajid, as he is the guide for the activity. Sajid as a guide has to take two housemates on a house tour and while the tour is ongoing, he has to take the two selected inmates to every mannequin one by one. Later, Sajid will take the two chosen contestants to the activity room. In the activity room, the contestants will have to tell the names of three housemates with reasons on who and why they think should be out of captainship. The last housemate remaining will become the new captain.
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Sajid'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – Other housemates'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
|-
|'''Result'''||
|-
|'''Punishments'''||Sumbul was removed from King's favourite contestants and was put into the non-favourite ones for helping Captain Sajid to write by giving her lipstick.
|-
| bgcolor=Navajowhite|'''House King'''
|'''Sajid'''
|-
|style="background:#edfa58;"|'''Royal Favourites'''
|Abdu, Nimrit, Tina, MC Stan and Shiv
|-
|'''Notes'''||From 7th week, there were ''King'' or'' Queen'' instead of ''Captain''.
|-
|'''Exits'''||On Day 48, Gautam Vig was evicted after facing public votes.
|-
! rowspan="13" style="background:red;" | {{ font color | #ffffff | '''Week 8''' }}
|-
|'''Entrances'''|| On Day 55, Fahmaan Khan entered the house to support Sumbul and promote his upcoming show ''Dharampatnii''.
|-
|'''Nominations'''|| MC Stan, Archana, Ankit, Sumbul and Soundarya were nominated for eighth-week eviction.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''||Raja's favourite housemates (including Shiv, Nimrit, Abdu and excluding MC Stan due to his punishment) will have to do a task given by other non-favourite housemates (Priyanka, Archana, Ankit). Sajid was made the sanchalak. Nimrit was disqualified from the race as she broke the rule whereas Shiv and Abdu completed their tasks. For the tie-breaker, the rest of the other non-favorite housemates (Soundarya, Tina, Shalin) had to pick a captain between the two, resulting in the three choosing Shiv.

|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Shiv'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – Nimrit and Abdu'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||'''Nomination Task:'''

Nimrit, Shiv and Tina had to choose between 2 contestants to nominate for eviction. Contestants had to give reasons on why they deserved to be safe from nomination. After both contestants give their statements, Nimrit, Shiv and Tina will choose one contestant to save and nominate the other by shooting at him/her.

Housemates' list of each round:

* '''Round 1 (Shiv)-''' {{green|Priyanka}} and {{red|Archana}}
* '''Round 2 (Tina)-''' {{green|Sajid}} and {{red|Ankit}}
* '''Round 3 (Shiv)-''' {{green|Abdu}} and {{red|Soundarya}}
* '''Round 4 (Nimrit)-''' {{green|Shalin}} and {{red|Sumbul}}

'''Key:'''
:{{Color box|green}} indicate the housemate is safe.
:{{Color box|red}} indicate the housemate is nominated.
|-
|'''Result'''||Archana, Ankit, Soundarya and Sumbul were shot and nominated by Shiv, Tina and Nimrit respectively.
|-
|'''Punishments'''||MC Stan was nominated by Bigg Boss for four consecutive weeks for physical violence with Shalin.
|-
| bgcolor=Navajowhite|'''House King'''
|'''Shiv'''
|-
|style="background:#edfa58;"|'''Royal Favourites'''
|Nimrit and Tina
|-
|'''Notes'''||
|-
|'''Exits'''||
*On Day 56, guest Fahmaan Khan exited the house.
*On Day 56, no eviction took place.
|-
! rowspan="13" style="background:red;" | {{ font color | #ffffff | '''Week 9''' }}
|-
|'''Entrances'''||On Day 59, Sunny Waghchoure and Sanjay Gujar entered the house as guest entrants.
|-
|'''Nominations'''||MC Stan, Priyanka, Sajid, Shalin, Shiv, Sumbul and Tina were nominated for ninth-week eviction.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''||Royal favourites Nimrit and Tina were contenders to be Queen. Previous King Shiv had to decide who the Queen would be among the two. Shiv decided to make Nimrit the Queen. As a result, Nimrit became Queen for the week.
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Nimrit'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – Tina'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||'''Nomination Task:'''

The garden area was turned into a war field. Contestants were divided into two teams: '''Team of 7''' and '''Team of 4'''. Each contestant had one military camp after his/her name. Every time there is an ''emergency alarm'', Nimrit had to spin the ''wheel of fortune''. The winning team would send one contestant to blast the camp of any contestant according to their will. The blasted camp's owner contestant was nominated for eviction directly. Nimrit and MC Stan were out of the task as Nimrit was Queen and MC Stan was already nominated by Bigg Boss.

'''Round 1:''' 
Winner - '''Team of 7''' 
Blaster - {{green|Shalin}} 
Blasted - {{red|Sumbul}}

'''Round 2:''' 
Winner - '''Team of 4''' 
Blaster - {{green|Archana}} 
Blasted - {{red|Shiv}}

'''Round 3:''' 
Winner - '''Team of 4''' 
Blaster - {{green|Priyanka}} 
Blasted - {{red|Sajid}}

'''Round 4:''' 
Winner - '''Team of 4''' 
Blaster - {{green|Soundarya}} 
Blasted - {{red|Shalin}}

'''Round 5:''' 
Winner - '''Team of 7''' 
Blaster - {{green|Shiv}} 
Blasted - {{red|Priyanka}}

'''Round 6:''' 
Winner - '''Team of 4''' 
Blaster - {{green|Ankit}} 
Blasted - {{red|Tina}}

|-
|'''Result'''||Sumbul, Shiv, Sajid, Shalin, Priyanka and Tina's camps were blasted and they were nominated for eviction.
|-
|'''Punishments'''||
*MC Stan's punishment given by Bigg Boss continued for the week and he was directly nominated for eviction.
*Archana, Ankit, Priyanka, Shalin and Soundarya were punished by Bigg Boss for sleeping despite Bigg Boss's command not to sleep. As a punishment, other contestants had to splash water on them to wake them up. As Archana refused to accept the punishment and everyone failed to convince her the same, half of the ration was taken away by Bigg Boss.
|-
| bgcolor=Navajowhite|'''House Queen'''|| '''Nimrit'''
|-
|style="background:#edfa58;"|'''Royal Favourites'''
|bgcolor=#ccc|''None''
|-
|'''Notes'''||
|-
|'''Exits'''
|
* On Day 63, guests Sunny Nanasaheb Waghchoure and Sanjay Gujar exited the house.
* On Day 63, no eviction took place.
|-
! rowspan="13" style="background:red;" | {{font color | #ffffff | '''Week 10''' }}
|-
|'''Entrances'''||
* On Day 68, Sreejita De re-entered the house as the first wild card entrant.
* On Day 69, Vikkas Manaktala entered the house as the second wild card entrant.
|-
|'''Nominations'''|| MC Stan, Nimrit, Tina and Sumbul were nominated for the tenth-week eviction.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Ankit'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – Priyanka, Shalin and Sumbul'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
|-
|'''Result'''||
|-
|'''Punishments'''||MC Stan's punishment given by Bigg Boss continued for the week and he was directly nominated for eviction.
|-
| bgcolor=Navajowhite|'''House King'''|| '''Ankit'''
|-
|style="background:#edfa58;"|'''Royal Favourites'''
|Priyanka and Sajid
|-
|'''Notes'''||Shalin was offered to choose between either saving Tina and Sumbul both from eviction and losing the remaining 25 lakh rupees of prize money, or keeping the prize money and letting one of them get evicted per public votes. Shalin chose the prize money.
|-
|'''Exits'''||On Day 70, Tina Datta was evicted after facing public votes.
|-
! rowspan="14" style="background:red;" | {{font color | #ffffff | '''Week 11''' }}
|-
|'''Entrances'''||On Day 71, Tina Datta re-entered the house.
|-
|'''Nominations'''|| Sajid, Shalin, Shiv and Tina were nominated for the eleventh-week eviction.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Soundarya, Sumbul and Tina'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – Priyanka and Shalin'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
|-
|'''Result'''||
|-
|'''Punishments'''||
|-
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cfc" |'''House Captains'''|| '''Soundarya'''
|-
|'''Sumbul'''
|-
|'''Tina'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||
* Shalin was again offered to choose between either getting Tina back in the house and losing the remaining 25 lakh rupees of prize money, or keeping the prize money and letting Tina out of the house. Shalin chose Tina to come back, losing the remaining prize money.
* Week 11 onwards, there were again ''Captain'' and not ''King'' or ''Queen'', but the twist is that not one but three ''Captains'' would run the house.
|-
|'''Exits'''||
* On Day 77, no eviction took place.
* On day 77, Abdu Rozik walked out of the House due to professional commitment.
|-
! rowspan="13" style="background:red;" | {{font color | #ffffff | '''Week 12''' }}
|-
|'''Nominations'''|| Ankit, Sreejita, Tina and Vikkas were nominated for the twelfth-week eviction.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Soundarya, MC Stan and Sreejita'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – Other Housemates'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
|-
|'''Result'''||
|-
|'''Punishments'''||
|-
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="#cfc" |'''House Captains'''|| '''MC Stan'''
|-
|'''Soundarya'''
|-
|'''Sreejita'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||
* Priyanka was offered by Bigg Boss to choose between saving Ankit Gupta from on-the-spot eviction or getting 25 lakh rupees of prize money back. Priyanka chose to save Ankit from eviction.
* Priyanka won the ''MyGlamm Face of the Season'' contest through public votes with a prize amount of ₹25 lakhs and a chance to shoot for an ad with [[Shraddha Kapoor]] for ''MyGlamm''.
|-
|'''Exits'''||On Day 84, Ankit Gupta was evicted after facing housemates' votes.
|-
! rowspan="12" style="background:red;" | {{font color | #ffffff | '''Week 13''' }}
|-
| '''Entrances''' ||On Day 85, Abdu Rozik re-entered the house.
On Day 87, a [[St. Bernard (dog)|St. Bernard dog]] "Maahim" entered the house.
|-
|'''Nominations'''||
* Nimrit, Priyanka, Shalin, Soundarya, Sreejita, Sumbul, Tina and Vikkas were nominated for the thirteenth-week eviction.
* Sumbul was saved from nomination by Shiv Thakare.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''
|Housemates were asked to choose any three among the five non-nominated contestants (including Archana, Shiv, Abdu, MC Stan, and Sajid) for the captaincy contenders' race. Shiv, Abdu, and MC Stan were chosen, and then fans were invited by the show in the Bigg Boss house to choose their favourite contestant amongst the three as the new captain. Shiv Thakare won, becoming the new captain.
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Shiv'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – Abdu and MC Stan'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||'''''Nomination Task'''''
The nomination process of the week was held through ration tasks. The housemates had to take ration from the ''Activity Area'' in exchange for nominating other housemates. Housemates were to go to the ''Activity Area'' in pairs. They had to nominate 1 housemate for 5 items & 2 housemates for 10 items.

The pairs:
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"; style="text-align:center|
! Pairs
! Nominated Housemates
|-
|{{Nowrap|'''Nimrit and Tina'''}}
| Priyanka and Sumbul
|-
|{{Nowrap|'''Archana and Shiv'''}}
|Sreejita and Vikkas
|-
| {{Nowrap|'''Shalin and Priyanka'''}}
|Soundarya and Nimrit
|-
|{{Nowrap|'''Soundarya and Sajid'''}}
| Tina and Shalin
|}

MC Stan did not take part in the process as he was the House King.

Sreejita, Sumbul and Vikkas were banned from taking part in the task.
|-
|'''Result'''||
|-
|'''Punishments'''||
|-
| bgcolor="#cfc" |'''House Captain'''|| '''Shiv'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||Now again, not three but only a single ''Captain'' would run the house.
|-
|'''Exits'''||On Day 90, Vikkas Manaktala was evicted after facing public votes.
|-
! rowspan="11" style="background:red;" | {{font color | #ffffff | '''Week 14''' }}
|-
|'''Nominations'''||Archana, Sajid, Shalin, Soundarya, Sreejita, Sumbul and Tina were nominated for the fourteenth-week eviction.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''
|
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Abdu'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – MC Stan, Nimrit and Priyanka'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||'''''Nomination Task'''''
The garden area was turned into a village called ''BBpur'' having separate houses for each contestant except Shiv. All the housemates were sorted in their houses while Shiv was sorted in the glass room. Every house had a bulb in them while electric fuses of the houses were under Shiv's control which referred the {{nowrap| housemates to be safe from nomination.}} Shiv was asked to cut seven electric lines to nominate them. The contestants with lit bulbs will be safe from nomination.

 '''Shiv's Nomination:'''
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; font-size:85%; line-height:10px"; style="text-align:center|
! {{Nowrap|Nominated }} Contestants
! {{Nowrap|Saved}} Contestants
|-
| Archana
| Rowspan=2| Abdu
|-
| Priyanka
|-
| Shalin
| Rowspan=2| MC Stan
|-
| Soundarya
|-
| Sreejita
| Rowspan=2| Nimrit
|-
| Sumbul
|-
| Tina
| Rowspan=2| Sajid
|}
After Shiv's nomination, it was revealed that 4 contestants chosen by the spinning wheel would get the power to swap one safe contestant with one nominated contestant.

 '''Chosen Contestants' Nomination:'''
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; font-size:85%; line-height:10px"; style="text-align:center|
! {{Nowrap|Chosen Housemate}}
! {{Nowrap|Saved}}
! Nominated
|-
| Nimrit
| Sumbul
| Sajid
|-
| Sreejita
| Priyanka
| Sumbul
|-
| Shalin
| Tina
| Nimrit
|-
| Abdu
| Nimrit
| Tina
|}
|-
|'''Result'''||
* '''''Nomination Task'''''
**At the end of the task, Abdu, MC Stan, Nimrit and Priyanka's houses had lit bulbs while others' electric lines were cut.
|-
|'''Punishments'''||On Day 96, rations of all the housemates were asked to return, due to failure in the ''Ration or Nomination'' task by all the seven nominated contestants.
|-
| bgcolor="#cfc" |'''House Captain'''|| '''Abdu'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||
|-
|'''Exits'''||
On Day 98, no eviction took place.
|-
! rowspan="12" style="background:red;" | {{font color | #ffffff | '''Week 15''' }}
|-
|'''Entrances'''||
* On Day 100, Farah Khan, Ashatai Thakare and Yogesh Chaudhary entered the house to meet Sajid, Shiv and Priyanka respectively.
* On Day 101, Vahida Tadavi, Gulshan Gautam and Gurdeep Singh Ahluwalia entered the house to meet MC Stan, Archana and Nimrit respectively.
* On Day 102, Madhumita Datta, Sunita Bhanot and Just Sul entered the house to meet Tina, Shalin and Abdu respectively.
* On Day 103, Usha Sharma, Iqbal Khan and Michael Blohm-Pape entered the house to meet Soundarya, Sumbul and Sreejita respectively.
|-
|'''Nominations'''|| MC Stan, Nimrit, Sumbul and Sreejita were nominated for the fifteenth-week eviction.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Shiv'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – Other Housemates'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
|-
|'''Result'''||
|-
|'''Punishments'''||
|-
|'''House Captain'''|| '''Shiv'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||
|-
|'''Exits'''||
* On Day 100, Farah Khan exited the house.
* On Day 101, Ashatai Thakare and Yogesh Chaudhary exited the house.
* On Day 102, Vahida Tadavi, Gulshan Gautam and Gurdeep Singh Ahluwalia exited the house.
* On Day 103, Madhumita Datta, Sunita Bhanot and Just Sul exited the house.
* On Day 104, Usha Sharma, Iqbal Khan and Michael Blohm-Pape exited the house.
* On Day 104, Sreejita De was evicted after facing public votes.
* On Day 105, Abdu Rozik made the 'Voluntary Exit' from the show due to professional commitments.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Exclusive! Abdu Rozik on his future plans: People in India have showered me with so much love... I want to do a lot of work here - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-abdu-rozik-on-his-future-plans-people-have-showered-me-with-so-much-love-and-i-want-to-do-a-lot-of-work-here/articleshow/96994227.cms |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en|last1=Doshi |first1=Hasti }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Abdu Rozik gets evicted from Bigg Boss 16 house |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/abdu-rozik-gets-evicted-from-bigg-boss-16-house/cid/1909858 |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
* On Day 106, Sajid Khan made the 'Voluntary Exit' from the show due to professional commitments.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss 16: Sajid Khan leaves the show; hugs and cries with his 'Mandali' members Shiv Thakare, Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia and others - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-16-sajid-khan-leaves-the-show-hugs-and-cries-with-his-mandali-members-shiv-thakare-nimrit-kaur-ahluwalia-and-others/articleshow/96995445.cms |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-15 |title=Bigg Boss 16: Sajid Khan apologises to housemates with folded hands before exit, breaks down. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-16-sajid-khan-apologises-to-housemates-with-folded-hands-before-exit-101673752508503.html |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="11" style="background:red;" | {{font color | #ffffff | '''Week 16''' }}
|-
|'''Nominations'''|| Shalin, Soundarya, Sumbul and Tina were nominated for the sixteenth-week eviction.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Captaincy Task'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner – Nimrit'''
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:salmon;"|'''Failed – Other Housemates'''
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
*'''''Ration Task'''''

The corner of the garden area was turned into a ration shop called ''10 lakh ka ration ''. The contestants had to compete in order to get the rations. Whoever crosses the red line in front of the shop first gets a chance to shop. The rations were related to ₹10 lakh the prize money meaning that the spent money on ration will be deducted from the prize money. Captain Nimrit was declared as ''sanchalak'' and got the chance to take ration from any housemate according to her will.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; font-size:85%; line-height:10px"; style="text-align:center|
! Round
! {{Nowrap|Winning Housemate}}
|-
|1
| Shalin
|-
|2
| Shiv
|-
|3
| Shiv
|-
|4
|Soundarya
|-
|5
|Shalin
|-
|}

At the end of the task, ₹8.2 lakhs was spent on ration and the rest ₹1.8 were added to prize money making it ₹21.8 lakhs.
|-
|'''Result'''||
|-
|'''Punishments'''||
|-
| rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cfc" |'''House Captain'''|| '''Nimrit'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||
|-
|'''Exits'''||
On Day 112, Soundarya Sharma was evicted after facing housemates' votes.
|-
! rowspan="8" style="background:red;" | {{font color | #ffffff | '''Week 17''' }}
|-
|'''Nominations'''|| Priyanka, Shalin, Shiv and Tina were nominated for the seventeenth-week eviction.
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
* '''''Nomination Task'''''

The activity area was turned into a garden with a giant crow having a bowl in front of it. Another bowl was placed opposite the crow filled with red liquid (referred to as ''blood'') in it. The housemates had to pick up given stone props, dip them in the ''blood'' and throw them in a bowl in front of the crow to nominate two housemates.
Nimrit was declared safe in the task due to being the Captain & having the ''Ticket to Finale''.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; font-size:85%; line-height:10px"; style="text-align:center|
! Nominating Housemate
! Colspan=2| {{Nowrap|Nominated Housemates}}
|-
| Shalin
| Tina
| Priyanka
|-
| Nimrit
| Tina
| Priyanka
|-
| Archana
| Shiv
| Shalin
|-
| Tina
| Shalin
| Shiv
|-
| MC Stan
| Archana
| Tina
|-
| Shiv
| Archana
| Tina
|-
| Priyanka
| Shalin
| Shiv
|-
| Sumbul
| Tina
| Priyanka
|}

*'''''Ration Task'''''
The garden area was turned into a super shop having mini shops where the housemates had to earn their ration through tasks. Each time 2 housemates would shop for the ration. Mini shops were categorized as ''Vegetarian'', '' Non-vegetarian'', and ''Others''.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; font-size:85%; line-height:10px"; style="text-align:center|
! Round
! Colspan=2| {{Nowrap|Shopper Housemates}}
! Chosen shop
|-
|1
| Tina
| Nimrit
| ''Vegetarian''
|-
|2
| Shalin
| Priyanka
| ''Others''
|-
|3
| Shiv
| Archana
|'' Vegetarian ''
|-
|4
| MC Stan
| Sumbul
|'' Others''
|}

At the end of the task, 1 packet of chicken was given to Tina by Bigg Boss without any round due to her health issue. Though Shalin was offered to take the chicken by Tina in return she took it before, Shalin refused it and the chicken was taken by Tina. Later, Shalin was also given 1 packet of chicken by Bigg Boss.
|-
|'''Result'''||
|-
|'''Punishments'''||
|-
| rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cfc" |'''House Captain'''|| ''' Nimrit'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||
*On Day 116, ''Fire Room'' and ''Vintage Room'' were permanently closed henceforth.
* Farah Khan hosted ''Weekend Ka Vaar'' instead of Salman Khan.
|-
|'''Exits'''||
* On Day 114, Tina Datta walked out of the house for emergency medical treatment re-entering after a while.
* On Day 119, Tina Datta was evicted after facing public votes.
|-
! rowspan="4" style="background:red;" | {{font color | #ffffff | '''Week 18''' }}
|-
|'''Nominations'''||Shiv, MC Stan and Sumbul were nominated for the eighteenth-week eviction.
|-
| rowspan="1" bgcolor="#cfc" |'''House Captain'''|| ''' Nimrit'''
|-
|'''Exits'''||
* On Day 126, Sumbul Touqeer was evicted after facing public votes.
|-
! rowspan="6" style="background:red;"|'''{{font colour |white |Week 19 Finale Week}}'''
|-
|'''Nominations'''||
* Archana, MC Stan, Nimrit, Priyanka, Shalin and Shiv were nominated for the final eviction.
* After Nimrit's eviction, the 5 finalists were nominated so the public would vote for their favourite housemate to win the season.
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
* BB Finale Ka Chunav: All 6 housemates had to entertain the live audience who entered the house and the live audience would vote for them. The housemate with less votes would be directly evicted.
|-
|'''Happenings'''||
* On Day 127, All the housemates had to rank themselves between 1-6, and accordingly, the Ration will be provided
* On Day 128, the BB Finale Ka Chunav task was conducted and the final eviction was announced
* On Day 129, Krushna Abhishek entertained the housemates
* On Day 130, The media and press interview was conducted and they interviewed the 5 finalists
* On Day 131, All 5 finalists' journey video was shown
* On Day 132, Rohit Shetty entered the house and selected the first contestant of [[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 13]]
|-
|'''Notes'''||
* After Nimrit's Eviction, All the rooms were closed and only the Fire Room was open.
|-
|'''Exits'''||
* On Day 128, Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia was evicted after facing live audience votes.
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! colspan="3" style="background:gold; text-align:center"|Finalists
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|4th Runner Up
| style="background:#FF69D4; text-align:center" |'''[[Shalin Bhanot]]'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|3rd Runner Up
| style="background:#DDA0DD; text-align:center" |'''[[Archana Gautam]]'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|2nd Runner Up
| style="background:#7FFFD4; text-align:center" |'''Priyanka Chahar Choudhary'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|1st Runner Up
| style="background:#D1E8EF; text-align:center" |'''[[Shiv Thakare]]'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Winner
| style="background:#73FB76; text-align:center" |'''MC Stan'''
|}

== Nominations table ==
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">



{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:85%; font-family: arial; line-height:15px;"
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | '''Week 1'''
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 2
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 3
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 4
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 5
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 6}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 7
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 8}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 9}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 10}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 11}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 12}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 13}}
! colspan="3" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 14}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 15}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 16}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 17}}
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 18}}
! colspan="3" style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Week 19}}
|-
! style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Day 93}}
! style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Day 94}}
! style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Day 128}}
! colspan="3" style="background:gold;" |{{nowrap|Day 134}}
|- style="background:#C2DFFF;" |
! {{nowrap|Nominees for Captaincy}}
| style="background:#E5E5E5" |''No Nominees''
|Shalin
| Gautam Shiv
| Priyanka Shiv
| colspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''No Nominees''
| Abdu Ankit Gori Stan Priyanka Sajid Soundarya Sumbul Tina
| colspan="4" rowspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''No Captain''
| Priyanka Soundarya Shalin Sumbul Tina
| <s>Abdu</s> Soundarya Vikkas
| colspan="3" | Abdu MC Stan Shiv
| Abdu Priyanka MC Stan
| Abdu Archana Priyanka Sajid Shalin Shiv Soundarya Tina
| colspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''No Nominees''
| colspan="3" rowspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''No Captain''
|- style="background:#cfc;" |
! rowspan="3" | {{nowrap|House Captain(
| rowspan="3" | <s>'''Gautam'''</s>
| rowspan="3" | <s>'''Shiv'''</s>
| rowspan="3" | '''Archana'''
| rowspan="3" | <s>'''Gautam'''</s>
| rowspan="3" | '''Abdu'''
| '''Tina'''
| '''Stan'''
| colspan="3" rowspan="3" | '''Shiv'''
| rowspan="3" | '''Abdu'''
| rowspan="3" | '''Shiv'''
|-bgcolor=#cfc
| colspan="2" |'''Soundarya'''
|-bgcolor=#cfc
|'''Sumbul'''
|'''Sreejita'''
|-
! rowspan="3" | {{nowrap|House Captain's Nominations}}
| rowspan="3" bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| rowspan="3" |Shiv Archana
| rowspan="3" | Gori Stan Sreejita Tina
| rowspan="3" | Sumbul Manya
| rowspan="3" | Gori
| rowspan="3" style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| rowspan="3" | Nimrit Sajid Stan Shiv {{nowrap|(to save)}}
| Ankit Sajid (to evict)
|Tina {{nowrap|(to evict)}}
| rowspan="3" | Sreejita Vikkas {{nowrap|(to evict)}}
---- Sumbul (to save)
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | Tina Shalin Priyanka Archana Soundarya Sreejita Sumbul {{nowrap|(to evict)}}
| rowspan="3" style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| rowspan="3" | Abdu Shalin Soundarya Tina {{nowrap|(to evict)}}
| rowspan="3" | Shalin Tina {{nowrap|(to evict)}}
| rowspan="3" | Tina Priyanka {{nowrap|(to evict)}}
| rowspan="3" style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
|-
|Ankit Nimrit Priyanka (to save)
|Priyanka Ankit {{nowrap|(to evict)}}
|-
|Priyanka Shalin {{nowrap|(to evict)}}
|Vikkas {{nowrap|(to evict)}}
|-style="background:#C2DFFF;"
!Nominees for Kingship
| colspan="7" rowspan=3, style="background:#E5E5E5" |''No King/ Queen''
|All Housemates
|Abdu Nimrit Shiv
|Nimrit Shiv Tina
|Sumbul Ankit Shalin Priyanka
| colspan="13" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''No King/ Queen''
|-bgcolor=Navajowhite
!House King/ Queen
|'''Sajid'''
|'''Shiv'''
|'''Nimrit'''
|'''Ankit'''
|-
!King's / Queen's Nominations
|Bgcolor=#ccc|''Not eligible''
|Priyanka Abdu {{nowrap|(to save)}} 
---- Archana Soundarya {{nowrap|(to evict)}}
|Bgcolor=#ccc|''Not eligible''
|Priyanka Sajid (to save)
|-
! colspan="25" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Vote to:
! colspan="6" | Evict
! Save
! colspan="8" | Evict
! colspan="2" | Save
! colspan="3" | Evict
! 9-Min
! None
! colspan="2" | ''WIN''
|-
! colspan="25" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Shiv
| bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
|Gautam Priyanka
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| Sumbul Manya
| Tina
| Archana Sumbul
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#EDFA58;" |''Royal Favourite''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| Priyanka Shalin Ankit
| style="background:#cfc;" |{{nowrap|''House Captain''}}
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| colspan="3" style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Tina Shalin Soundarya Abdu
| Soundarya Archana
| Archana Tina
| bgcolor="#959FFD" |10:10 Min
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#73FB76;" |'''''Winner''''' (Day 134)
|-
! MC
| bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| Gautam Sreejita
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#cfc;" |''<s>House Captain</s>''
| Soundarya
| Soundarya Sumbul
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#EDFA58;" |''Royal Favourite''
| style="background:#FFDEAD;" |''House King''
| Priyanka
| Tina Soundarya
| Priyanka Shalin Ankit
| Ankit Vikkas
| colspan="3" style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Shalin Archana
| Archana Tina
| style="background:#959FFD;" |9:50 Min
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#D1E8EF;" |'''''1st runner-up''''' (Day 134)
|-
! Priyanka
| bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| Sajid Stan
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Manya Sumbul
| Soundarya
| Archana Shalin
|style="background:#959FFD;" | ''Nominated''
| Shalin
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Sajid
| style="background:#EDFA58;" |''Royal Favourite''
---- Tina Nimrit
| Shiv Nimrit
| Sumbul Shiv
| Nimrit Soundarya
| colspan="3" style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Nimrit Stan Sumbul Sreejita
| Soundarya Sumbul
| Shalin Shiv
| {{Nowrap|12:34 Min}}
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" |''{{nowrap|'''2nd runner-up'''}}'' (Day 134)
|-
! Archana
| bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| Stan Sajid
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Sajid Sumbul
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Ankit Sumbul
| style="background:#FFE08B;" |''Ejected'' {{nowrap|(Day 40)}}
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Shiv
| Tina Nimrit
| Sumbul Shiv Nimrit Tina Shalin Sajid Ankit
| Ankit Vikkas
| Sreejita Vikkas
| colspan="3" style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| Nimrit Stan Sumbul Sreejita
| Shiv Stan
| Shalin Shiv
| 14 Min
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#DDA0DD;" |''{{nowrap|'''3rd runner-up'''}}'' (Day 134)
|-
! Shalin
| bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| Sajid Abdu
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|style="background:#959FFD;" | Manya Sumbul
| Shiv
| Priyanka Soundarya
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Gautam
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Sumbul
| Archana Sumbul
| Sajid
| Archana Sreejita
| Nimrit Soundarya
|Nimrit
| colspan="2" | Tina
| Nimrit Stan Sumbul Sreejita
| Soundarya Sumbul
| Tina Priyanka
| 7:27 Min
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#FF69B4;" |''{{nowrap|'''4th runner-up'''}}'' (Day 134)
|-
! Nimrit
| style="background:#cfc;" |<s>''House Captain''</s>
|style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Manya Sumbul
| Gautam
| Soundarya Sumbul
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#EDFA58;" |''Royal Favourite''
| style="background:#edfa58;" |Sumbul
| style="background:#FFDEAD;" |{{nowrap|''House Queen''}}
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible ''
| Priyanka Shalin Ankit
| Priyanka Ankit
| Priyanka Sumbul
| Sajid
| colspan="2" | Sumbul
| Tina Shalin Soundarya Abdu
| colspan="3" style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| colspan="2" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted'' {{nowrap|(Day 128)}}
|-
! Sumbul
| bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| Manya Sajid
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Sajid Manya
| Abdu
| Archana Shiv
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#EDFA58;" |''Royal Favourite''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Tina Shalin
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Priyanka Ankit
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Banned''
| colspan="3" style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| Tina Shalin Soundarya Abdu
| Tina Shalin
| Tina Priyanka
| style="background:#959FFD;" |17:1 Min
| colspan="3" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted'' {{nowrap|(Day 125)}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | Tina
| rowspan="2" bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
|rowspan="2" | Sajid Stan
| rowspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| rowspan="2" | Manya Sumbul
| rowspan="2" |Gautam
| Archana Soundarya
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| rowspan="2" | Soundarya
| rowspan="2" style="background:#edfa58;" |Ankit
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted'' {{nowrap|(Day 70)}}
| rowspan="2" |Archana Sreejita
| rowspan="2" |Priyanka Sumbul
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| rowspan="2" | Nimrit Stan Sumbul Sreejita
| rowspan="2"|Soundarya Sumbul
| Shalin Shiv
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted'' (Day 118)
|-
| style="background:#fcf;" |''Walked'' {{nowrap|(Day 33)}}
|style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| style="background:#fcf;" |''Walked'' {{nowrap|(Day 114)}}
|-
! Soundarya
| bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| Abdu Ankit
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Sumbul Manya
| Shiv
| Nimrit Tina
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Tina
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#FBF373;" | Shalin
| Tina Sumbul
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Tina Shalin
| colspan="3" style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| Nimrit Stan Sumbul Sreejita
| Tina Shalin
| colspan="5" style="background:#BFFF00;" |''Evicted by Housemates'' (Day 112)
|-
! Sajid
| bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| Shalin Tina
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Sumbul Manya
| Nimrit
| Sumbul Soundarya
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#FFDEAD;" |''House King''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#EDFA58;" |''Royal Favourite''
| Priyanka Tina Shalin Ankit
| Vikkas Sreejita
| Tina Shalin
| colspan="3" style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| Nimrit Stan Sumbul Sreejita
| colspan="6" style="background:#fcf;" |''Walked'' {{nowrap|(Day 106)}}
|-
! Abdu
| bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| Shalin Soundarya
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Manya Sumbul
|Nimrit
| Sumbul Priyanka
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| style="background:#EDFA58;" |''Royal Favourite''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Did not nominate''
| colspan="2" style="background:#fcf;" |''Walked'' {{nowrap|(Day 77)}}
| Tina
| Nimrit
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| Priyanka Sajid Shiv Archana
| colspan="6" style="background:#fcf;" |''Walked'' {{nowrap|(Day 105)}}
|-
! Sreejita
| bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| Tina Gori
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="8" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted'' (Day 13)
| Tina
| style="background:#cfc;" |{{nowrap|''House Captain''}}
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Banned''
| colspan="2" |Sumbul
| Priyanka
| Tina Shalin Soundarya Abdu
| colspan="6" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted'' (Day 105)
|-
! Vikkas
| colspan="11" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not In House''
| Shiv Nimrit
| Archana Sreejita
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Banned''
| colspan="10" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted ''(Day 90)
|-
! Ankit
| bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| Stan Gori
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Sumbul Manya
| Tina
| Shalin Archana
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Tina
| bgcolor="navajowhite" |{{nowrap|''House King''}}
|Shiv Nimrit
|Nimrit Shiv
| colspan="11" style="background:#BFFF00;" | ''{{nowrap|Evicted by Housemates}}'' (Day 84)
|-
! Gautam
| bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| Gori Stan
| style="background:#cfc;" |''<s>House Captain</s>''
| Sajid Manya
| Abdu
| style="background:#cfc;" |''<s>House Captain</s>''
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| colspan="16" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted'' (Day 48)
|-
! Gori
|bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| Gautam Ankit
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| Sumbul Manya
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Shalin Archana
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="17" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted'' (Day 42)
|-
! Manya
| bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not eligible''
| Gori Stan
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Sumbul Soundarya
| colspan="20" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted'' (Day 22)
|-
! colspan="25" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Notes
| colspan="2" | ''[[#endnote 1|1]],[[#endnote 2|2]],[[#endnote 3|3]]''
| ''[[#endnote 5|5]]''
| ''[[#endnote 5|5]],[[#endnote 6|6]]''
| ''[[#endnote 7|7]]''
| ''[[#endnote 8|8]],[[#endnote 9|9]]''
| colspan="2" {{n/a|None}}
| ''[[#endnote 10|10]]''
| ''[[#endnote 10|10]]''
| ''[[#endnote 10|10]]''
| colspan="3" {{n/a|None}}
| ''[[#endnote 11|11]]''
| colspan="8" {{n/a|None}}
| colspan="2" | ''[[#endnote 12|12]]''
|- style="background:#B2FFFF"
! Against Public Vote
| colspan="2" | Archana Gautam Sajid Stan Shiv
| Gori Shalin Stan Sreejita Tina
| Manya Shalin Sumbul
| Abdu Gautam Gori Nimrit Soundarya Shiv Tina
| Archana Soundarya Sumbul
| Gori Priyanka Sumbul
| Gauutam Shalin Soundarya Tina
| Archana Ankit Stan Soundarya Sumbul
| Priyanka Sajid Shalin Stan Shiv Sumbul Tina
| Nimirit Stan Sumbul Tina
| Sajid Shalin Shiv Tina
| Ankit Sreejita Tina Vikkas
| Nimrit Priyanka Shalin Soundarya Sreejita <s>Sumbul</s> Tina Vikkas
| colspan="3" | Archana Sajid Shalin Soundarya Sreejita Sumbul Tina
| Nimrit Stan Sumbul Sreejita
| Shalin Soundarya Sumbul Tina
| Priyanka Shalin Shiv Tina
| Stan Shiv Sumbul
| Archana Nimrit Priyanka Shalin Stan Shiv
| colspan="2" | '''Archana Priyanka Shalin Stan Shiv'''
|-
! Re-entered
| colspan="5" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
| style="background:#DAFF99" |'''Tina'''
| style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
| style="background:#DAFF99" |'''Archana'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
| style="background:#DAFF99" | '''Sreejita'''
| style="background:#DAFF99" |'''Tina'''
| style="background:#daff99" |'''Abdu'''
| colspan="6" style="background:#E5E5E5" | ''None''
| style="background:#DAFF99" |'''Tina'''
| colspan="4" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
|-bgcolor=#fcf
! rowspan="2" | Walked
| colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#fcf;" |'''Tina'''
| colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
| rowspan="2" |'''Abdu'''
| colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
| style="background:#fcf;" |'''Abdu'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#fcf;" |'''Tina'''
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''None''
|-
| style="background:#fcf;" |'''Sajid'''
|-
! Ejected
| colspan="6" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''None''
| style="background:#FFE08B;" |'''Archana'''
| colspan="17" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''None''
|-
! rowspan="3" | Evicted
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5" |''No Eviction''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''Sreejita'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''Manya'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5" |{{nowrap|''No Eviction''}}
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''Gori'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''Gautam'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5" |{{nowrap|''No Eviction''}}
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''Tina'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5" |{{nowrap|''No Eviction''}}
| rowspan="3" style="background:#BFFF00;" |'''Ankit'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''Vikkas'''
| colspan="3" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5" |{{nowrap|''No Eviction''}}
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''Sreejita'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#BFFF00;" |'''Soundarya'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''Tina'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''Sumbul'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072;" |'''Nimrit'''
| style="background:#FF69B4;" |'''Shalin'''
| style="background:#DDA0DD;" |'''Archana'''
|-
| colspan="2" style="background:#7FFFD4;" |'''Priyanka'''
|-
| style="background:#D1E8EF;" |'''MC'''
| style="background:#73FB76;" |'''Shiv'''
|}
</blockquote>
'''Color Key'''
: {{Color box|#cfc}} indicates the House Captain.
:
: {{Color box|Navajowhite}} indicates the House King/Queen.
: {{Color box|#edfa58}} indicates the Royal Favourites.
: {{Color box|#C2DFFF}} indicates the Nominees for house captaincy.
: {{Color box|#959FFD}} indicates that the Housemate was directly nominated for eviction prior to the regular nominations process.
: {{color box|#87CEFA}} indicates that the housemate went to the secret room.
: {{Color box|#FBF373}} indicates that the housemate was granted immunity from nominations.
: {{Color box|#73FB76}} indicates the winner.
: {{Color box|#D1E8EF}} indicates the first runner up.
: {{Color box|#7FFFD4}} indicates the second runner up.
: {{Color box|#DDA0DD}} indicates the third runner up.
: {{Color box|#FF69B4}} indicates the fourth runner up.
: {{Color box|#DAFF99}} indicates that the contestant has re-entered the house.
: {{Color box|#fcf}} indicates that the contestant walked out of the show.
: {{Color box|#FFE08B}} indicates that the contestant was ejected out of the house.
: {{Color box|salmon}} indicates that the contestant was evicted.

=== Notes ===
* {{note|1|Note 1}}: As Nimrit was the first housemate to enter the Bigg Boss house, she was immediately assigned as the first ''House Captain'' by Bigg Boss.
* {{note|2|Note 2}}: Being the ''House Captain'', Nimrit had the power to automatically nominate two contestants.
* {{note|3|Note 3}}: Gori won a task and saved herself from eviction.
* {{note|4|Note 4}}: Nimrit was fired from ''Captaincy'' but was allowed to fight for her position once again. Nimrit and Shalin competed in a task where Nimrit won back her ''Captaincy''.
* {{note|5|Note 5}}: Shalin was nominated by Bigg Boss for two consecutive weeks as a punishment for physical violence.
* {{note|6|Note 6}}:Shiv was fired from ''Captaincy'' on Day 20 and Archana was made the new captain by Bigg Boss.
* {{note|7|Note 7}}: Archana was freed from ''Captaincy'' after her duration was completed.
* {{note|8|Note 8}}:Gautam was fired from ''Captaincy''.
* {{note|9|Note 9}}: Tina briefly left the house on Day 33 due to the passing of her pet. She returned on the same day.
* {{Note|10|Note 10}}: MC Stan was nominated by Bigg Boss for four consecutive weeks as a punishment for being physically violent against Shalin.
* {{Note|11|Note 11}}: Priyanka was given choice by Bigg Boss to either save Ankit from on-the-spot eviction or get 25 lakh rupees of prize money back. Priyanka chose to save Ankit from eviction.
* {{Note|12|Note 12}}: All 5 finalists were told to mutually evict one housemate and if the decision meets the audience's decision, 10 lakhs will be added to the prize money.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Bigg Boss 16|Bigg Boss (Hindi season 16)}}
* [https://www.colorstv.com/shows/bigg-boss-16/ ''Bigg Boss 16''] at [[Colors TV]]
* [https://www.voot.com/shows/bigg-boss/16/ ''Bigg Boss 16''] on [[Voot]]
* ''[https://www.jiocinema.com/episodes/bigg-boss/341/16/0/0 Bigg Boss 16]'' on [[JioCinema]]

{{Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)}}
{{Colors Programmes}}
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) seasons|16]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]

Azees Nedumangad

2026-04-25T16:21:49Z

Sahadathossain: created a details

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}

{{family name hatnote|Nedumangad|Azees|Indian name|lang=Toponymic}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Azees Nedumangad
| image = Ratheesh Raghunandan and Azeez Nedumangadu.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Azees Haneefa
| birth_date =
| othername =
| birth_place = [[Nedumangad]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actor|comedian}}
| yearsactive = 2012–present
}}

'''Azees Haneefa''', professionally known as '''Azees Nedumangad''', is an Indian actor and comedian who works in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film]] industry. He is known for his roles in the films ''[[Action Hero Biju]]'' (2016), ''[[CBI 5: The Brain]]'' (2021), ''[[Minnal Murali]]'' (2021), ''[[Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Hey]]'' (2022), and ''[[Kannur Squad]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-10 |title=EXCLUSIVE - ‘Kannur Squad’ actor Azees Nedumangad: Mammootty took care of us as if we were his squad! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/exclusive-kannur-squad-actor-azees-nedumangad-mammootty-took-care-of-us-as-if-we-were-his-squad/articleshow/104283852.cms |access-date=2026-02-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2012 || ''[[Kunjaliyan]]'' || Member ||
|-
| ''[[Thalsamayam Oru Penkutty]]'' || Man at Ayyappan's shop ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2013 || ''[[Rebecca Uthup Kizhakkemala]]'' || Tomichan ||
|-
| ''[[Kaanchi (2013 film)|Kaanchi]]'' || Lottery Suku ||
|-
| 2014 || ''Monayi Angane Aanayi'' || Sarangadharan ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2016 || ''[[Action Hero Biju]]'' || Card Player ||
|-
| ''Aakashvani'' || Pester ||
|-
| ''[[Angane Thanne Nethave Anjettennam Pinnale]]'' || ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Aby (film)|Aby]]'' || Benny ||
|-
| rowspan=4 |2018 || ''[[Parole (2018 film)|Parole]]'' || Kottaram Vasu ||
|-
| ''[[Premasoothram]]'' || Toddy Tapper ||
|-
| ''[[Johny Johny Yes Appa]]'' || Raghavan ||
|-
| ''Vallikudilile Vellakkaran'' || Tea Seller ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2019 || ''Gramavasees'' || Gopalan ||
|-
| ''[[Puzhikkadakan]]'' || Josekutty ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2020 || ''[[Uriyadi (2020 film)|Uriyadi]]'' || Uthaman ||
|-
| ''[[Kozhipporu]]'' || Thomas ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2021 || ''[[One (2021 film)|One]]'' || Auto Driver ||
|-
| ''[[Cold Case (film)|Cold Case]]'' || Kunjeriya ||
|-
| ''[[Minnal Murali]]'' || Chandran ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Thathvika Avalokanam]]'' || Kili Darmodaran ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2022 || ''[[Thirimali]]'' || Advocate ||
|-
|''[[Archana 31 Not Out]]'' ||Jignesh||
|-
| ''[[CBI 5: The Brain]]'' || Head Constable Boban ||
|-
| ''[[Kochaal]]'' || Cleetus ||
|-
| ''[[Vazhakku]]'' || Reghu||
|-
| ''[[Jaya Jaya Jaya Jaya Hey (film)|Jaya Jaya Jaya Hey]]'' || Ani ||
|-
| ''[[Shefeekkinte Santhosham]]'' || Adv. Suresh Mathai ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2023 || ''[[Kurukkan]]'' || Driver Manaf ||
|-
| ''[[Kannur Squad]]'' || [[Civil Police Officer|CPO]] Jose Skaria ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kannur Squad Movie Review: Mammootty takes charge efficiently, successfully |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2023/sep/28/kannur-squad-movie-reviewmammootty-takes-charge-efficiently-successfully-48110.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=28 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pazhanjan Pranayam]]'' || Maniyan ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trailer of Pazhanjan Pranayam is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/nov/16/trailer-of-pazhanjan-pranayam-is-out-49613.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=16 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=7 | 2024 || ''[[Anweshippin Kandethum]]'' || [[Inspector#India|CI]] Simon ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-26 |title=Watch: 'Anweshippin Kandethum' makers unveil an intense second success teaser |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/watch-anweshippin-kandethum-makers-unveil-an-intense-second-success-teaser/articleshow/108001572.cms |access-date=2024-03-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[All We Imagine as Light]]'' || Dr. Manoj ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title=Malayalam Film Industry Congratulates All We Imagine As Light Team On Historic Win |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/malayalam-film-industry-congratulates-all-we-imagine-as-light-team-on-historic-win-article-110434928 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thankamani (film)|Thankamani]]'' || Thankachan ||
|-
| ''[[Vaazha – Biopic of a Billion Boys]]'' || Thomachan ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-07-15 |title=Vaazha gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/15/vaazha-gets-a-new-release-date |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nunakkuzhi]]'' || [[Civil Police Officer|CPO]] Santhosh ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-09-07 |title=Basil Joseph-Jeethu Joseph film Nunakuzhi confirms OTT premiere |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2024/Sep/07/basil-joseph-jeethu-joseph-film-nunakuzhi-confirms-ott-premiere |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Gumasthan]]'' || Sura ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-09-24 |title=Gumasthan trailer: Dileesh Pothan and Bibin George's film promises a gripping crime thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Sep/24/gumasthan-trailer-dileesh-pothan-and-bibin-georges-film-promises-a-gripping-crime-thriller |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Anand Sreebala]]'' || Antony ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-04-19 |title=It's a wrap for Arjun Ashokan and Aparna Das-starrer Anand Sreebala |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Apr/19/its-a-wrap-for-arjun-ashokan-and-aparna-das-starrer-anand-sreebala |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2025 || ''[[Aabhyanthara Kuttavaali]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santhosh |first=Vivek |date=2025-02-28 |title=Asif Ali's Abhyanthara Kuttavali confirms release date, teaser out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Feb/28/asif-alis-abhyanthara-kuttavali-confirms-release-date-teaser-out |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Vyasanasametham Bandhumithradhikal]]'' ||Murali || <ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-11-16 |title=Anaswara, Siju Sunny and others in 'Vysanasametham Bandhumithradhikal' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2024/Nov/16/anaswara-siju-sunny-and-others-in-vysanasametham-bandhumithradhikal |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Raveendra Nee Evide?]]'' || Balan ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-06-23 |title=Anoop Menon-Dhyan Sreenivasan film Ideem Minnalum rechristened Raveendra Nee Evide? |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jun/23/anoop-menon-dhyan-sreenivasan-film-ideem-minnalum-rechristened-raveendra-nee-evide |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Innocent (2025 film)|Innocent]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-10-21 |title=Althaf Salim-starrer Innocent gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Oct/21/althaf-salim-starrer-innocent-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-10-25 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Aaro — Someone'' || Auto Driver|| Short film<ref>{{cite news |title=Ranjith's short film Aaro – Someone, produced by MammoottyKampany, gets streaming release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Nov/14/ranjiths-short-film-aaro-someone-produced-by-mammoottykampany-gets-streaming-release-date |access-date=16 November 2025|work=Cinema Express|date=14 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2026 || ''[[Baby Girl (film)|Baby Girl]]'' || Akbar ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2026-02-05 |title=Nivin Pauly's Baby Girl set for OTT release on this date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2026/Feb/05/malayalamnews2026feb05nivin-paulys-baby-girl-set-for-ott-release-on-this-date |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Prakambanam]]'' || Sidhu's uncle ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-21 |title=Ganapathi-Sagar Surya's Prakambanam to release on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Jan/21/ganapathi-sagar-suryas-prakambanam-to-release-on-this-date |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Shukran'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-01-03 |title=Bibin George's Shukran gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Jan/03/bibin-georges-shukran-gets-release-date |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Madhuvidhu (2026 film)|Madhuvidhu]]'' || Ambareesh ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-15 |title=Sharaf U Dheen-Kalyani Panicker starrer Madhuvidhu gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Feb/15/sharaf-u-dheen-kalyani-panicker-starrer-madhuvidhu-gets-a-new-release-date |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film| Varavu}} || {{TableTBA}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-31 |title=Joju George's Varavu gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Mar/31/joju-georges-varavu-gets-release-date |access-date=2026-04-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Controversy==
In April 2017, Nedumangad was assaulted by a group of people for coming late to a stage program, which resulted in 70% hearing loss due to a perforated eardrum, as well as other injuries.{{Efn|name="name"|Attributed to multiple sources on hearing loss.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/110417/protest-against-attack-on-cine-artist-azeez-nedumangad.html|title=Protest against attack on cine artist Azeez Nedumangad|date=11 April 2017 |accessdate=18 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The attack was premeditated: actor Azeez Nedumangad |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2017/04/12/mimicry-artist-azeez-nedumangad-recounts-brutal-attack.html |access-date=2023-05-17 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nedumangad, Azees}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|6535432|name=Azees Nedumangad}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Artists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{India-film-actor-stub}}

Prema Sandadi

2026-04-24T01:57:54Z

Sahadathossain: Adding New Entry!

{{short description|Indian Telugu-language romantic action film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Prema Sandadi
| image = Prema Sandadi.jpg
| alt =
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[P. A. Arun Prasad]]
| writer = P. A. Arun Prasad Ramesh–Gopi (dialogues)
| producer = P. S. N. Dora S. K. Nayeem
| starring = {{Ubl|[[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]]|[[Anjala Zhaveri]]}}
| cinematography = S. K. Amar Mukthahar
| editing = Nandamuri Hari
| music = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| studio = Aishwarya Movies
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2001|10|19}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Prema Sandadi''''' ({{translation|Celebration of love}}) is a 2001 Indian Telugu-language [[romantic action]] film written and directed by [[P. A. Arun Prasad]]. The film stars [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] and [[Anjala Zhaveri]]. The film bears a similar to title to ''[[Pelli Sandadi]]'' (1996) also starring Srikanth. The film features music composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]].

The film released on 19 October 2001 and was a box office failure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/research/anal/anal-teluguheroines.html|title=They drizzled, they sizzled and they fizzled|last=Sunil|first=Sreya|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=2022-06-11|archive-date=2015-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024165810/http://www.idlebrain.com/research/anal/anal-teluguheroines.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/tagore-piracy-note.html|title=Major DVD /VCD piracy racket busted|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=10 November 2003|access-date=11 June 2022|archive-date=12 February 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050212075812/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/tagore-piracy-note.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
In [[Rayalaseema]], two rival factions led by Raghupati Rayudu and Chengal Rayudu are constant tussle with each other. The hostility is continued to the following generations as well with their younger brothers Subba Rayudu and Venkatrayudu taking the lead.

Subba Rayudu's son Krishna has studied [[MBA]] in the USA. While returning to his home country he happens to meet Sita, a fellow MBA graduate from Visakhapatnam. However, both of them remain indifferent to each other.

Samara Simha Reddy erroneously informs their families that both of them are in love. While their fathers belong to the opposite sides of the warring factions, they decide to back their children despite their initial disinterest. Krishna slowly begins to like Sita, and she too reciprocates her feelings, eventually falling in love.

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
*[[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] as Krishna
*[[Anjala Zhaveri]] as Sita
*[[Vinod Kumar Alva]]
*[[Jayaprakash Reddy]] as Venkatrayudu
*[[Captain Raju]] as Raghupati Rayudu
*[[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Subba Rayudu
*[[Mohan Raj]]
*[[Brahmanandam]]
*[[Giri Babu]]
*[[Raghunatha Reddy]]
*[[L. B. Sriram]]
*[[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]]
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]]
*[[Sivaji Raja]]
*[[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]]
*[[Ramya Sri]]
*[[Shanoor Sana|Sana]]
*[[Teja Sajja|Master Teja]]
{{Colend}}

==Production==
The film was initially supposed to be directed by ''[[Nuvvu Vastavani]]'' (2000) fame V. R. Pratap.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news136.html|title=Anjala Zhaveri with Srikanth|date=29 May 2001|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=11 June 2022|archive-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601053236/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news136.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack ==
Music composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/prema-sandadi/8qhr1hPi6x8_ |title=Prema Sandadi Songs, Download Prema Sandadi Movie Songs for Free Online at Saavn.com |access-date=2022-06-11 |archive-date=2022-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611020434/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/prema-sandadi/8qhr1hPi6x8_ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*"Anukonide" - [[Udit Narayan]], [[Ganga Sitharasu|Ganga]]
*"Karanamgari" - [[P. Jayachandran]]
*"Seenugaadi" - [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
*"Gundelo Kottha" - Sriram Prabhu, [[Ganga Sitharasu|Ganga]]
*"Chalo Chalo" - [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
*"Neelo Palikina" - [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], Poornima

==Reception==
Gudipoodi Srihari of ''[[The Hindu]]'' opined that "Expectations from Arun Prasad, the director of the hit film [[Thammudu|Tammudu]], were high. But he disappoints with Prema Sandadi. Moreover, he lets the obscenity seep in. The story line is too weak to hold the audience in its grip".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-premasandadi.html|title=Another one on Rayalaseema|date=19 October 2001|work=The Hindu|last=Srihari|first=Gudipoodi|access-date=11 June 2022|archive-date=2 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502085454/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-premasandadi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Smriti Kashyap of ''Full Hyderabad'' wrote that "Avoid the flick unless you are a [[kamikaze]] and feel particularly suicidal".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/premasandadi/telugu/premasandadi-movie-reviews-633-2.html|title=Prema Sandadi Review|last=Kashyap|first=Smriti|work=Full Hyderabad|access-date=2022-06-11|archive-date=2021-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210094935/https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/premasandadi/telugu/premasandadi-movie-reviews-633-2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Telugu Cinema'' wrote "The first half of the movie is full of vulgar lines and crude situations. The story picks up in the second half but ends on a predictable note.It is the presence of too many actors that spoils the show and makes it a clamnourous affair".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/movies/reviews/premasandadi.html|title=Prema Sandadi|website=Telugu Cinema|access-date=12 September 2025|last=Usha|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020210061445/http://www.telugucinema.com/movies/reviews/premasandadi.html|archive-date=10 February 2002}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1575658}}
[[Category:Films scored by Koti (composer)]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. A. Arun Prasad]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2001 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2001 Indian films]]

Odela Railway Station

2026-04-23T02:45:02Z

Sahadathossain: Adding Data!

{{Short description|2022 film by Ashok Teja}}

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Odela Railway Station
| image = Odela Railway Station film poster.jpg
| caption = Digital premier poster
| director = Ashok Teja
| producer = [[K. K. Radhamohan]]
| writer = [[Sampath Nandi]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Hebah Patel]]|[[Pujita Ponnada]]|[[Vasishta N. Simha]]|[[Sai Ronak]]}}
| cinematography = [[Soundararajan (cinematographer)|Soundararajan]]
| editing = Tammiraju
| music = [[Anup Rubens]]
| studio = [[Sri Sathya Sai Arts]]
| distributor = [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|08|26|ref1=}}
| runtime = 91 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Odela Railway Station''''' is a 2022 Indian Telugu-language [[Crime-thriller film|crime thriller]] film directed by Ashok Teja and written by [[Sampath Nandi]]. Produced by [[K. K. Radhamohan]]'s [[Sri Sathya Sai Arts]], the film has an [[ensemble cast]] of [[Hebah Patel]], [[Pujita Ponnada]], [[Vasishta N. Simha]] and [[Sai Ronak]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2022 |title=Odela Railway Station Movie Review |url=https://ntvenglish.com/odela-railway-station-movie-review/ |access-date=28 August 2022 |publisher=[[NTV (Indian TV channel)|NTV]] |language=en-US |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827120520/https://ntvenglish.com/odela-railway-station-movie-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film is based on real incidents of [[Odela]] village in [[Telangana]]. It premiered on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] on 26 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=23 August 2022 |title=Odela Railway Station OTT release date: When and where to watch the thriller starring Vasishta Simha, Hebah Patel, Sai Ronak |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/odela-railway-station-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-the-thriller-starring-vasishta-simha-hebah-patel-sai-ronak/00580962a0942 |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=[[HT Media|OTTPlay]] |language=en |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828145119/https://www.ottplay.com/news/odela-railway-station-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-the-thriller-starring-vasishta-simha-hebah-patel-sai-ronak/00580962a0942 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film opens with a striking scene: a woman, covered in mud and visibly traumatised, walks into the local police station clutching the severed head of a man. This shocking image sets the stage for a story that unfolds through a series of flashbacks.

'''The Murders in Odela'''

The village of Odela is gripped by fear due to a series of gruesome rapes & murders of newlywed brides. The killer’s pattern is chillingly consistent, and the community is thrown into turmoil as suspicion and anxiety spread among the villagers.

'''Arrival of the Young IPS Officer'''

Anudeep, a young idealistic IPS officer, arrives in Odela for a three-month field training assignment. He is quickly drawn into the investigation of the murders, tasked with uncovering the identity of the serial killer who has eluded capture and terrorised the village.

'''Investigation and Rising Suspense'''

As Anudeep delves into the case, he faces a myriad of suspects—each with plausible motives and opportunities, but none fitting the complete profile of the killer. The film maintains a strong sense of suspense, avoiding genre clichés and instead focusing on realistic police work and the psychological toll on the villagers and investigators alike.

'''Radha’s Role'''

Radha, a key resident of the village, becomes instrumental in the investigation. Through her own discoveries and close encounters, she stumbles upon critical evidence that brings her dangerously close to the truth. Her courage and resourcefulness play a pivotal role in aiding Anudeep’s pursuit of the killer.

'''Climax and Revelation'''

The narrative builds toward a tense climax as Anudeep, with Radha’s help, pieces together the clues and finally identifies the murderer. The killer’s identity is revealed only in the final moments, keeping the audience guessing and the suspense intact until the very end.

'''Resolution'''

The film concludes with justice being served. The woman from the opening scene is revealed to be the killer's wife. Upon discovering her husband’s horrific crimes, she takes it upon herself to stop him. In a desperate act to save the killer's next intended victim, she beheads him and brings his severed head to the authorities. Her action brings closure to the case, and the village of Odela begins to heal from the trauma that had haunted it.

== Cast ==
* [[Hebah Patel]] as Radha
* [[Sai Ronak]] as Anudeep [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Vasishta N. Simha]] as Tirupati, Radha's husband
* [[Pujita Ponnada]] as Spoorthi, Anudeep's newly-wed bride
* Naga Mahesh
* Gagan Vihari

== Production ==
''[[KGF: Chapter 1|K.G.F: Chapter 1]]''-fame actor [[Vasishta N. Simha]] was cast in the film in 2020 which was reported to be his debut in [[Telugu cinema]]. But due to the delay in the production, his next film in Tollywood, ''[[Narappa]]'' (2021) became his debut Telugu cinema release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2020 |title=Sai Ronak to play the role of a powerful cop in Odela Railway Station - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sai-ronak-to-play-the-role-of-a-powerful-cop-in-odela-railway-station/articleshow/79464462.cms |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828153115/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sai-ronak-to-play-the-role-of-a-powerful-cop-in-odela-railway-station/articleshow/79464462.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Speaking about his character in the film with ''[[The Times of India]]'', Simha said, "When the team narrated the story that revolves around a true incident, I was immediately sold and agreed to do it. They told me that they were ready to shoot the moment I gave a go ahead. Soon enough, I was on a flight to [[Hyderabad]] and prepping for this film. It was a good experience, as the team was very passionate. I speak a [[dialect]] of Telugu from Telangana in the film, so that added to the challenge".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Sunayana |date=20 October 2020 |title=Rain in Telangana delays Vasishta N Simha's Telugu film debut, Odela Railway Station |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rain-in-telangana-delays-vasishta-n-simhas-telugu-film-debut-odela-railway-station/articleshow/78753307.cms |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828164158/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rain-in-telangana-delays-vasishta-n-simhas-telugu-film-debut-odela-railway-station/articleshow/78753307.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

The second schedule of shooting began in October 2020 after being halted due to heavy rains in [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2020 |title=Shooting resumes for Vasishta N Simha, Hebah Patel, Pujita Ponnada starrer Odela Railway Station after rains - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shooting-resumes-for-vasishta-n-simha-hebah-patel-pujita-ponnada-starrer-odela-railway-station-after-rains/articleshow/78952064.cms |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828164158/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shooting-resumes-for-vasishta-n-simha-hebah-patel-pujita-ponnada-starrer-odela-railway-station-after-rains/articleshow/78952064.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Release==
After several delays in production, the film premiered on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] on 26 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2022 |title=Trailer Talk: ఫస్ట్‌ నైట్‌ జరిగిన మహిళలే ఆ సీరియల్‌ కిల్లర్‌ టార్గెట్‌.. ఉత్కంఠ భరితంగా ఓదేల రైల్వే స్టేషన్‌ ట్రైలర్‌.. ఆహాలో రేపే విడుదల.. |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/ott/odela-railway-station-trailer-released-movie-premieres-august-26-on-aha-ott-au57-770715.html |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=[[TV9 Telugu]] |language=te |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828164158/https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/ott/odela-railway-station-trailer-released-movie-premieres-august-26-on-aha-ott-au57-770715.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ram |first=Avinash G. |date=28 August 2022 |title=ಕನ್ನಡದ ನಟ ವಸಿಷ್ಠ ಸಿಂಹ ಅಭಿನಯದ ತೆಲುಗು ಸಿನಿಮಾ 'ಓದೆಲಾ ರೈಲ್ವೆ ಸ್ಟೇಷನ್' ರಿಲೀಸ್‌ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/vasishta-simha-hebah-patel-starrer-odela-railway-station-movie-released/articleshow/93831935.cms |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=[[Vijaya Karnataka]] |language=kn |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828075702/http://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/vasishta-simha-hebah-patel-starrer-odela-railway-station-movie-released/articleshow/93831935.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Narendra Puppala of ''[[The Hans India]]'' wrote that "Dipping into real-life happenings, the realistic crime thriller set in a rural {{sic|mil|leu}} maintains the suspense till the climax, without resorting to the worn-out cliches normally associated with the genre".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Puppala |first=Narendra |date=27 August 2022 |title=Odela Railway Station: A suspense thriller that avoids cliches |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/odela-railway-station-a-suspense-thriller-that-avoids-cliches-759475 |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827181902/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/odela-railway-station-a-suspense-thriller-that-avoids-cliches-759475 |url-status=live }}</ref> Shyamala Tulasi of [[Sakshi (newspaper)|''Sakshi Post'']] gave a rating of 3 out of 5 and stated:"''Odela Railway Station'' is a movie which has its high moments. The film does pique the curiosity of the audience but fails to deliver in some places predictable movie at some points."

== Sequel ==
{{Main Article|Odela 2}}
''Odela 2'' is the sequel to ''Odela Railway Station''. Written by [[Sampath Nandi]] and directed by Ashok Teja, the supernatural thriller stars [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] in the lead role. Hebah Patel, who played the lead in the original film, returns in a supporting role. The cast also includes Vasishta N. Simha, Yuva, Naga Mahesh, among others. The music is composed by [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]], and cinematography was handled by [[Soundararajan (cinematographer)|Soundararajan]]. The film was released on 17 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web | title=Tamannaah to star next in Odela 2 | website=The New Indian Express | date=2 March 2024 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Mar/02/tamannaah-to-star-next-in-odela-2 | access-date=5 March 2024 | archive-date=4 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304073130/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Mar/02/tamannaah-to-star-next-in-odela-2 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author=The Hindu Bureau | title=Tamannaah Bhatia joins 'Odela 2', shooting begins | website=The Hindu | date=1 March 2024 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tamannaah-bhatia-joins-odela-2-shooting-begins/article67902890.ece | access-date=5 March 2024 | archive-date=2 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302033516/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tamannaah-bhatia-joins-odela-2-shooting-begins/article67902890.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=tt13149552|title=Odela Railway Station}}
* [https://www.aha.video/movie/odela-railway-station ''Odela Railway Station''] on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Aha (streaming service) original films]]
[[Category:2022 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in 2002]]
[[Category:Films set in Telangana]]
[[Category:2022 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian serial killer films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anoop Rubens]]

K. L. Adinarayana

2026-04-19T22:07:25Z

Sahadathossain: Put up a info...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K L Adinarayana
| image =
| caption = 
| office = ZPTC [[Hindupur]](M)
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|02|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Gollapuram]], [[Hindupur mandal, Anantapur District|Hindupur]] Taluk, [[Anantapur District]], [[Andhrapradesh]]
| constituency = [[Hindupur (ZP constituency)|Hindupur mandal]]
| term_start = 05 August 2014
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 24 June
| year = 2019
| source = http://leadertimes.org/ap-zptc-profile/1143/KLAdinarayana
| term_end = 05 August 2019
}}

'''Adinarayana K L ''' is an Indian politician, belonging to [[Telugu Desam Party]]. In the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh urban local bodies elections]] he was elected to the [[Zilla Panchayat|ZPTC]] from the [[Hindupur]] Mandal in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>[http://www.apsec.gov.in/ELECTIONRESULTS/RESULTS%202014/Andhra%20Elected%20ZPTCs%20List,%202014.pdf]<nowiki> {{ </nowiki>http://www.apsec.gov.in/ELECTIONRESULTS/RESULTS%202014/Andhra%20Elected%20ZPTCs%20List,%202014.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331125333/http://www.apsec.gov.in/ELECTIONRESULTS/RESULTS%202014/Andhra%20Elected%20ZPTCs%20List,%202014.pdf |date=31 March 2020 }}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adinarayana, K L}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]

{{AndhraPradesh-TDP-politician-stub}}

Gopal Singh Rana

2026-04-19T10:11:58Z

Sahadathossain: creating basic bio basic info.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Gopal Singh Rana
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| office = [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Nanakmatta (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Nanakmatta]]
| term_start = 10 March 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Prem Singh Rana]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| constituency1 = [[Khatima (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Khatima]]
| term_start1 = 24 February 2002
| term_end1 = 6 March 2012
| predecessor1 = Suresh Chandra Arya, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| successor1 = [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| parents =
| spouse =
| profession =
}}

'''Gopal Singh Rana'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttarakhand/gopal-singh-rana-nanakmatta-candidate-s28a069c04/|title=gopal-singh-rana in Uttarakhand Assembly Elections 2022|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/election/vidhan-sabha-elections/uttarakhand/candidates/gopal-singh-rana-inc-2022-nanak-matta-69-uttarakhand|title=Gopal Singh Rana-गोपाल सिंह राणा Inc Candidate Nanak Matta(st) Election Result 2022|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiatoday.in/know-your-candidatesuttarakhand-assembly-election-2022/nanak-matta-constituency-candidates-list/|title=Gopal Singh Rana from INC Won Nanak Matta Assembly Election Result 2022: Candidates List and Winner in Nanak Matta Constituency|website=indiatoday.in}}</ref> is an Indian politician from Uttarakhand and a three term Member of the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]. Gopal represented the [[Khatima (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Khatima Assembly constituency]] in the [[1st Uttarakhand Assembly]], [[2nd Uttarakhand Assembly]] and [[Nanakmatta (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Nanakmatta Assembly constituency]] in the [[5th Uttarakhand Assembly|5th Uttarakhand legislative Assembly]].

==Positions held==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Description
|-
| 2002 - 2007
| Elected to [[First Uttarakhand Assembly|1st Uttarakhand Assembly]]
* Member - Committee on SC, ST and Other Caste {{small|(2002–07)}}
* Member - Committee on Assembly Rules {{small|(2002–04)}}
* Member - Committee on Government Assurances {{small|(2003–04)}}
* Member - Committee on Estimates {{small|(2004–07)}}
|-
| 2007 - 2012
| Elected to [[Second Uttarakhand Assembly|2nd Uttarakhand Assembly]] (2nd term)
* Member - Committee on SC, ST and Other Caste {{small|(2007–12)}}
|-
| 2022 - Till date
| Elected to [[5th Uttarakhand Assembly]] (3rd term)
* Chairman - Committee on SC, ST and Other Caste {{small|(2022–23)}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=21 April 2022}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rana, Gopal Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:People from Udham Singh Nagar district]]
[[Category:Uttaranchal MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2022–2027]]

{{Uttarakhand-INC-politician-stub}}

Agartala Town I Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:30:56Z

Sahadathossain: created a location

{{Short description|Constituency of the Tripura legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Agartala Town I
| type= SLA
| state = [[Tripura]]
| established = 1971
| abolished = 1976
| electors = 11,963
| mla = Ajoy Biswas
| party = {{Party index link|Independent politician}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Agartala Town I Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tripura]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Ajoy Biswas || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}
== Election results ==
=== 1972 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Agartala Town I<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006023438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajoy Biswas |party=Independent politician |votes=3,810 |percentage=50.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Renuka Chakraborty |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,742 |percentage=36.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Saroj Ranjan Chanda |party=Communist Party of India |votes=819 |percentage=10.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anukul Chandra Saha |party=Independent politician |votes=86 |percentage=1.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parimalendu Bhattacharjee |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=81 |percentage=1.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajani Kanta Chakraborty |party=Independent politician |votes=39 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,068 |percentage=14.10% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,577 |percentage=64.27% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,963 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}
[[Category:1971 establishments in Tripura]]
[[Category:1976 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1971]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1976]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Agartala]]
{{Tripura-geo-stub}}

National Geographic (India)

2026-04-15T20:42:32Z

Sahadathossain: Added pg

{{short description|Indian television channel}}
{{for-multi|the Southeast Asian network|National Geographic (Asia)|the international feeds of National Geographic Channel|National Geographic Channel (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = National Geographic
| logo = Natgeologo.svg
| logo_alt = National Geographic Channel India Logo
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2016
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|1 July 1998|df=yes}}
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] (downscaled to [[letterboxed]] [[576i]] for the [[SDTV]] feed)
| network =
| sister_channels = [[National Geographic Wild]] [[Disney Star#Owned channels|JioStar channels]]
| owner = [[The Walt Disney Company]] (73%) and the [[National Geographic Society]] (27%) Operated by [[JioStar]] in India
| parent = [[JioStar]]
| country = India
| area = India Bangladesh<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bangla-archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/10/04/40863|script-title=bn:যে ২৪ বিদেশি চ্যানেল প্রচারে বাধা নেই|date=4 October 2021|access-date=8 June 2022|work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|language=bn|archive-date=8 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608075046/https://bangla-archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/10/04/40863|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nepal Sri Lanka Pakistan [[Maldives]]
| language = {{ubl|English|Hindi|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]|[[Kannada language|Kannada]]|[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]|[[Tamil Language|Tamil]]|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.natgeotv.com/in }}
}}
'''National Geographic''' (also known as '''Nat Geo''') is an Indian [[pay television]] channel owned by the [[National Geographic Global Networks]] unit of [[Disney Entertainment]] and [[National Geographic Partners]], a joint venture between [[The Walt Disney Company]] (73%) and the [[National Geographic Society]] (27%). The distribution and broadcasting within the Indian market is now managed under the [[JioStar]], a joint venture between [[Viacom18]] and [[Disney India]]. It mainly telecasts [[non-fiction]], documentaries involving nature, science, culture, and history, produced by the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|original American network]] It broadcasts in seven languages (English, Hindi, [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]]).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-28 |title=National Geographic India adds Kannada feed to its language portfolio – Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/national-geographic-india-adds-kannada-feed-to-its-language-portfolio-110540.html |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-20 |title=National Geographic India unveils Season 2 of #nofilter by IndiGo with Imtiaz Ali and Raghu Rai as Judges |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/national-geographic-india-unveils-season-2-of-nofilter-by-indigo-with-imtiaz-ali-and-raghu-rai-as-judges/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MBDesk1 |date=2025-01-18 |title=Nat Geo and Vivo collaborate to showcase India's lesser-known wonders in new docuseries |url=https://mediabrief.com/nat-geo-and-vivo-collaborate-to-showcase-indias-lesser-known-wonders-in-new-docuseries/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=MediaBrief |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=bureau |first=afaqs! news |title=National Geographic India & vivo captures India’s beauty in new docuseries |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/branded-content/national-geographic-india-vivo-captures-indias-beauty-in-new-docuseries-8630075 |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=afaqs.com |language=en}}</ref>

A HD version of the channel, National Geographic HD was launched on 20 February 2010.

==Shows==
The channel broadcast the following shows:<ref>[http://natgeotv.com/in/shows NAT GEO INDIA SHOWS]. natgeotv.com.</ref>
* ''[[Mayday (Canadian TV series)|Air Crash Investigation]]''
* ''Airport Security Brazil''
* ''Airport Security Colombia''
* ''Airport Security First Class''
* ''Airport security Madrid''
* ''Airport Security Peru''
* ''Airport Security Rome''
* ''Animal Fight Club''
* ''Animals Gone Wild''
* ''[[Banged Up Abroad]]''
* ''Battle of the Beasts''
* ''[[Brain Games (2011 TV series)|Brain Games]]''
* ''Chain of Command''
* ''China Revealed''
* ''Combat Zone''
* ''Deadly Game''
* ''Dirty Rotten Survival''
* ''Do or Die''
* ''Do or Die: The Animals''
* ''Europe from Above''
* ''Extreme Flight''
* ''[[Genius: Picasso]]''
* ''[[Gordon Ramsay: Uncharted]]''
*''Gourmet Goes Tribal''
* ''India's Incredible Rescue Ops''
* ''India's Jungle Heroes''
* ''India's Mega Kitchens''
* ''Investigates''
* ''Land of the Giants: Wild Fish''
* ''[[Monkey Thieves]]''
* ''Primal Survivor''
* ''Primal Survivor: Mighty Mekong''
* ''[[Science of Stupid]]''
* ''[[Snakes in the City]]''
* ''Snakes SOS: Goa's Wildest''
* ''[[Taboo (2002 TV series)|Taboo]]''
* ''Ultimate Animal Countdown''
* ''[[Ultimate Factories|Mega Factories]]''
* ''[[Wicked Tuna]]''
* ''[[Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks]]''
* ''World's Weirdest''

==Sister channels==

=== On air channels ===
====National Geographic Wild====
{{Main|Nat Geo Wild}}
[[File:National Geographic Wild logo.svg|150px|centre|alt=|Logo used since 2020]]

=== Dissolved channels ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Channel
!Logo
!SD/HD Availability
!Defunct
!Notes
|-
|[[Adventure One]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Natgeo adventur'e.JPG|thumb|165x165px]]
|[[Standard-definition television|SD]]
|2007
|
|-
|[[NatGeo Adventure|Nat Geo Adventure]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Standard-definition television|SD]]+[[High-definition video|HD]]
|2014
|
|-
|[[Nat Geo People]]
|[[File:New NatGeo People logo.svg|thumb|134x134px]]
| rowspan="2" |2019
|
|-
|[[Nat Geo Music]]
|[[File:Nat Geo Music.svg|thumb|136x136px]]
|
|-
|[[Nat Geo Tamil]]
|
|2020
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.natgeotv.com/ Official website]
{{National Geographic}}
{{Fox Networks Group}}

[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1998]]
[[Category:English-language television stations in India]]
[[Category:Disney Star]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]

Heresy in Buddhism

2026-04-05T14:45:41Z

Sahadathossain: Put up article...

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{PaliCanonSamanaViews}}
{{Buddhism}}
'''''Tīrthika''''' ({{langx|sa|tīrthika}}, "ford-maker," meaning one who is attempting to cross the stream of [[saṃsāra]]<ref>Keown, Damien. Oxford ''Dictionary of Buddhism'' (2004), p. 307</ref>) or '''''titthiya''''' ([[Pali]]) in Buddhism is a term referring to non-Buddhist heretics.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brancaccio |first=Pia |date=1991 |title=The Buddha and the Naked Ascetics in Gandharan Art A New Interpretation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29756972 |journal=East and West |volume=41 |issue=1/4 |pages=123 |jstor=29756972 |issn=0012-8376}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaini |first=Padmanabh S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HPggiM7y1aYC&pg=PA111 |title=Collected Papers on Jaina Studies |date=2000 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1691-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Dhammajoti|first=KL|title=Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma|date=2007|publisher=Centre of Buddhist Studies at the University of Hong Kong|location=Hong Kong|isbn=978-988-99296-1-9|page=259}}</ref>

In the [[Tipitaka]], the term ''titthiya'' may refer specifically to adherents of [[Jainism]], [[Hinduism]], and the [[six heretical teachers]]. Whereas a Buddhist takes [[Refuge (Buddhism)|refuge in the Three Jewels]] and treads the [[Middle Way]] between extremes, a ''titthiya'' does not. According to the ''Asoka Avadhana'', the ''titthiya''s that were jealous of [[Ashoka|Asoka]]'s preaching of Buddhism gathered together and said to each other, "Should this king Asoka continue a worshipper of Buddha, all other persons encouraged by him would likewise become followers of Buddha." They then went to people's houses and declared that their religion is the true religion and that Buddhism gives no [[moksha]].<ref>P. 245 ''Buddha'' by Manmatha Nath Dutt</ref>

Tīrthika is associated with the Jain term [[tirthankara]] "ford-maker".<ref>Parpola, Asko, 2003. Sacred bathing place and transcendence: Dravidian kaTa(vuL) as the source of Indo-Aryan ghâT, tîrtha, tîrthankara and (tri)vikrama. pp. 523–574 in: Olle Qvarnström (ed.), Jainism and early Buddhism: Essays in honor of Padmanabh S. Jaini, I-II. Fremont, California: Asian Humanities Press.</ref>

== Etymology ==
Etymologically, the word ''titthiya'' is formed from the root word ''tittha'' combined with the suffix ''-iya'' (derived from the suffix ''-ika'', where the consonant 'k' is grammatically altered to 'y').<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-08-03 |title=Titthiya: definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/titthiya#pali |access-date=2026-04-03 |website=Wisdom Library |language=en}}</ref> The word ''tittha'' itself originates from the Vedic term ''tīrtha''—derived from the root ''*ter'' or ''tarate'', meaning "to pass through"—which originally denoted a river fording place, landing place, or harbor. Figuratively, this "fording place" (''tittha'') was understood as a means or a person to help cross over a difficulty or doubt, though its meaning later shifted to denote a sect or belief (typically carrying a negative connotation as an order that promises salvation to its votaries but only leads them into error).<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-08-03 |title=Tittha, Tiṭṭha: definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/tittha#pali |access-date=2026-04-03 |website=Wisdom Library |language=en}}</ref> Consequently, the term ''titthiya'' (which literally refers to someone who is born into, lives in, or devotes themselves to a ''tittha'' or such views) is ultimately used to specifically describe an adherent of another religion or sect, a heretical teacher, or a non-Buddhist.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

== In the Pali Canon ==
In the [[Pali Canon]], the term ''titthiya'' can be found in various forms:

* ''aññatitthiyā'' ("followers of other religions"),
* ''titthiyehi'' ''titthiyasāvakehi'' ("monastics of other religions and their disciples"),
* ''nānātitthiyā'' ("who follow various other religions").

The usages are on these following sutta:

* [[Dīgha Nikāya]] (DN):
** Mahāsīhanāda Sutta (DN 8)
** Poṭṭhapāda Sutta (DN 9)
** Mahāparinibbāna Sutta (DN 16)
** Pāthika Sutta (DN 24)
** Udumbarika Sutta (DN 25)
** Sampasādanīya Sutta (DN 28)
** Pāsādika Sutta (DN 29)
* [[Majjhima Nikāya]] (MN):
** Cūḷasīhanāda Sutta (MN 11)
** Mahādukkhakkhandha Sutta (MN 13)
** Aṭṭhakanāgara Sutta (MN 52)
** Upāli Sutta (MN 56)
** Kukkuravatika Sutta (MN 57)
** Bahuvedanīya Sutta (MN 59)
** Mahāmālukya Sutta (MN 64)
** Bhaddāli Sutta (MN 65)
** Mahāvaccha Sutta (MN 73)
** Māgaṇḍiya Sutta (MN 75)
** Mahāsakuludāyi Sutta (MN 77)
** Mahāsuññata Sutta (MN 122)
** Mahākammavibhaṅga Sutta (MN 136)
** Nagaravindeyya Sutta (MN 150)
* [[Saṃyutta Nikāya|Saṁyutta Nikāya]] (SN):
** Nānātitthiyasāvaka Sutta (SN 2.30)
** Acelakassapa Sutta (SN 12.17)
** Aññatitthiya Sutta (SN 12.24)
* [[Aṅguttara Nikāya]] (AN):
** Samacitta Vagga (AN 2.32-41)
** Devaloka Sutta (AN 3.18)
** Aññatitthiya Sutta (AN 3.68)
** Paviveka Sutta (AN 3.93)
** Hatthaka Sutta (AN 3.127)
** Brāhamaṇsacca Sutta (AN 4.185)
** Bhaddiya Sutta (AN 4.193)
** Hatthisāriputta Sutta (AN 6.60)
** Paṭhamaniddasa Sutta (AN 7.42)
** Dutiyaniddasa Sutta (AN 7.43)
** Sīha Sutta (AN 8.12)
** Anuruddhamahāvitakka Sutta (AN 8.30)
** Mūlaka Suta (AN 8.83)
** Sambodhi Sutta (AN 9.1)
** Saupādisesa Sutta (AN 9.12)
** Nāga Sutta (AN 9.40)
** Paṭhamamahāpañhā Sutta (AN 10.27)
** Mūlaka Sutta (AN 10.58)
** Paṭhamakathāvatthu Sutta (AN 10.69)
** Kiṁdiṭṭhika Sutta (AN 10.93)
** Vajjiyamāhita Sutta (AN 10.94)
** Aṭṭhakanāgara Sutta (AN 11.16)
** Ajita Sutta (AN 10.116)
* [[Khuddaka Nikāya]] (KN):
** [[Dhammapada]] (Dhp):
*** Dhammaṭṭha Vagga (Dhp 256–272): name of a section called "Titthiyavatthu"
*** Niraya Vagga (Dhp 306–319): name of a section called "Titthiyasāvakavatthu"
** [[Udāna]] (Ud):
*** Paṭhamanānātitthiya Sutta (Ud 6.4)
*** Dutiyanānātitthiya Sutta (Ud 6.5)
*** Tatiyanānātitthiya Sutta (Ud 6.6)

== Six Heretical Teachers ==
{{Unreliable sources|date=September 2025}}
The '''Six Heretical Teachers''', '''Six Heretics''', '''Six Śramaṇa''', or '''Six Tirthikas''' (false teachers) were six sectarian contemporaries of [[Gautama Buddha]] (Śākyamuni), each of whom held a view in opposition to [[Buddhism|his teachings]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Green |first1=Arnold L. |last2=Coomaraswamy |first2=Ananda |date=1965 |title=Buddha and the Gospel of Buddhism. |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=547 |doi=10.2307/2050403 |hdl=2027/hvd.32044010328052 |issn=0021-9118 |jstor=2050403 |s2cid=171346113}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Six heretical teachers |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/six-heretical-teachers |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=Encyclopedia}}</ref> Except for Nigantha Nataputta or [[Mahavira]], the twenty-fourth [[Tirthankara]] Of [[Jainism]], the other five heretical teachers were regarded as the holders of some or other form of [[Akriyavada|Akiriyavada]] views.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Contemporary Teachers During The Time Of The Buddha |url=http://stylomilo.com/files/mv/BPCGAQ/BPFE102-Emergence_of_Buddhism_and_Basic_Buddhist_Teachings/GAQ%20L10%20&%20L11%206%20Heretical%20Teachers.pdf |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=stylomilo.com}}</ref>

In Buddhist tradition, they were defeated by Buddha in the miracle contest known as [[the Twin Miracle]].

The six heretics and their views on Indian philosophy are described in detail in the [[Samaññaphala Sutta]] of the [[Digha Nikaya]] in the [[Pāli Canon|Pali Tipitaka]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alex. |first=Wayman |title=Untying the knots in Buddhism : selected essays |date=1997 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |isbn=978-8120813212 |oclc=925708140}}</ref>
[[File:Dazu_Six_Heretical_Teachers.jpg|thumb|[[Dazu Rock Carvings]] depicting five of the Six Heretical Teachers: [[Purana Kassapa]], [[Makkhali Gosala]], [[Sanjaya Belatthiputta]], [[Ajita Kesakambali]], [[Pakudha Kaccayana|Pakudha Kaccāyana]] (left to right)]]

=== Background ===
[[File:Kizil_Caves_80.jpg|thumb|Depiction of the Six Heretical Teachers in the [[Kizil Caves]]]]
According to the [[sutra]], King [[Ajatashatru|Ajātasattu]] visited Gautama Buddha, who, at the time, was living in the mango grove of [[Jīvaka]] in [[Rajgir|Rajagaha]] among 1250 [[Bhikkhu|bhikkhus]]. The king posed the Buddha the question of whether or not it was possible that the life of a [[śramaṇa]] could bear fruit in the same way as the lives of craftsmen bear fruit, declaring that he had previously asked six teachers ([[Purana Kassapa|Pūraṇa Kassapa]], [[Makkhali Gosala|Makkhali Gosāla]], [[Ajita Kesakambali|Ajita Kesakambala]], [[Pakudha Kaccayana|Pakudha Kaccāyana]], [[Mahavira|Nigaṇṭha Nāṭaputta]] and [[Sanjaya Belatthiputta|Sañjaya Belaṭṭhaputta]]) the same question, yet had not found a satisfactory answer. At the Buddha's request, King Ajātasattu describes, the answers given to him by the six other teachers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samaññaphala Sutta: The Fruits of the Contemplative Life |url=https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.02.0.than.html |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=Access To Insight}}</ref>

The names below are provided in [[Sanskrit]], with the equivalent [[Pali]] names given in parentheses.

=== Pūrṇa Kāśyapa (Pūraṇa Kassapa) ===
The first spiritual teacher to whom Ajātasattu posed his question was Pūraṇa Kassapa. Kassapa posited the theory of akiriyāvāda (non-doing): actions considered good and evil carried no inherent morality and thus there exists [[Karma in Buddhism#Karmaphala|no future consequence]] from committing either "good" or "evil" deeds.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Six Contemporary Teachers During The Time Of The Buddha |url=http://stylomilo.com/files/mv/BPCGAQ/BPFE102-Emergence_of_Buddhism_and_Basic_Buddhist_Teachings/GAQ%20L10%20&%20L11%206%20Heretical%20Teachers.pdf |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=Stylo Milo}}</ref>

=== Maskarī Gośālīputra (Makkhali Gosāla) ===
Makkhali Gosala, the second teacher visited by Ajātasattu, subscribed to the doctrine of non-causality;<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Velez de Cea |first=J. Abraham |title=The Buddha and Religious Diversity |date=2013-01-03 |isbn=9780203072639 |doi=10.4324/9780203072639}}</ref> the attainment of any condition is dependent on circumstance, fate, or nature rather than human will and events lack in root cause.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Malalasekera |first=G. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x8ObMQ1GGsUC&dq=Makkhali+Gos%C4%81la+six&pg=PA398 |title=Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, Volume 1 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=2003 |isbn=9788120618237 |location= |pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sayadaw |first=Pa-Auk Tawya |title=The Workings of Kamma |publisher=Pa-Auk Meditation Centre (Singapore) |year=2012 |isbn= |location= |pages=}}</ref> Like Kassapa, Gosāla denied the existence of [[karma]] and [[Vipāka|vipaka]]. This doctrine has been likened to [[fatalism]] and [[determinism]]. His theory is also called the theory of causelessness (''Ahetukavāda''), the theory of natural purity (''Saṃsārasuddhivāda'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction to Six Heretical Teachers and Their Teachings |url=http://buddhistarticles.weebly.com/six-heretical-teachers.html |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=Buddhist Articles}}</ref>

=== Ajita Keśakambala (Ajita Kesakambala) ===
Ajita Kesakambala followed Gosāla as the third teacher mentioned by Ajātasattu. He is thought to be a materialist (''Bhautikavādi''), nihilist (''Ucchedavādi'') and an exponent of non-efficacy of kamma (''Akiriyavādi''). ''Kesakambala'' held that all in existence was merely the process of natural phenomena and vehemently denied the existence of any life after death; "A man is built up of the four elements', when he dies, earth returns to the aggregate of earth, water to water, fire to fire, air to air, and the senses vanish into space."<ref name=":0" />

=== Kakuda Kātyāyana (Pakudha Kaccāyana) ===
Pakudha Kaccāyana, the fourth teacher referred to by Ajātasattu, was an [[Atomism|atomist]] who posited that all things were made up of earth, fire, air, water, pleasure, pain, and the soul, which were unchangeable and eternal. Thus objects, like living beings, composed of the elements are subject to change, while the elements themselves are absolutely fixed in their existences. Thus, by this [[Mind–body dualism|dualist]] view, actions are defined solely by the physical interaction between these substances, rather than the moral value ascribed to them.<ref name=":0" />

=== Nirgraṇṭha Jñātiputra (Nigaṇṭha Ñāṭaputta) ===
Nigaṇṭha Nāṭaputta, the 24th Jain [[tirthankara]] [[Mahavira]], was the fifth teacher who Ajātasattu questioned. Nāṭaputta answered Ajātasattu with a description of Jain teachings, which, unlike the previous teachers recognized morality and consequences in the afterlife. The philosophy of Nāṭaputta, however, varied from that of Buddha in [[Karma in Jainism#Role of deeds and intent|its belief]] that involuntary actions, like voluntary actions, carry karmic weight; Buddhism holds that [[Cetanā#Relation to karma|intention]] is [[karma]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Nibbedhika Sutta |url=https://www.dhammatalks.org/suttas/AN/AN6_63.html |access-date=January 14, 2025 |website=dhammatalks.org}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

=== Saṃjaya Vairāṣṭrikaputra (Sañjaya Belaṭṭhaputta) ===
Sañjaya Belaṭṭhaputta was the sixth and final teacher referenced by Ajātasattu . He is said to have replied to King Ajātasattu as follows:

<blockquote>If you ask me whether there is another world, and if I thought there were, I would tell you so. But I do not say so. I do not say that it is thus or thus; I do not say that it is otherwise; I do not say that I deny it; I do not say that I do not deny it; I do not say that there is, there is not, is and is not, neither is nor is not, another world. If you ask me whether there are beings of spontaneous birth...whether there is any fruit, any result, of good or bad actions...whether a man who has won the truth continues to be after death... (The same answer is repeated after each of these problems as in the answer of the first question)</blockquote>

Belaṭṭhaputta did not provide Ajātasattu with a clear answer to his question one way or another, leading some scholars to align him with [[Ajñana]], an [[Agnosticism|agnostic]] school of Indian philosophy which held that metaphysical knowledge was impossible to obtain.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Lokayata A Study In Ancient Indian Materialism |publisher=People's Publishing House |year=1959 |isbn=978-8170070061 |pages=504–518}}</ref>

== Icchantika ==
{{Main|Icchantika}}

==See also==
* [[Samaññaphala Sutta]]
* [[Mleccha]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Religious slurs}}
{{Buddhism topics}}

[[Category:Buddhist philosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Heresy in Buddhism]]

Hari Vinayak Pataskar

2026-03-29T17:57:01Z

Sahadathossain: basic refine details based on references also and updated info

{{Short description|Indian lawyer and politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Hari Vinayak Pataskar
|birth_name =
|image = File:Hari Vinayak Pataskar Lok Sabha photo.jpg
|image_size =
|order = 2nd
|office = Governor of Madhya Pradesh
|1blankname = Chief Minister
|1namedata = [[Kailash Nath Katju]] [[Bhagwantrao Mandloi]] [[Dwarka Prasad Mishra]]
|term_start = 14 June 1957
|term_end = 10 February 1965
|predecessor = [[Pattabhi Sitaramayya]]
|successor = [[K.C. Reddy]]
|office1 = [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Minister of Civil Aviation]]
|prime_minister1 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|term_start1 = 7 December 1956
|term_end1 = 16 April 1957
|predecessor1 = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
|successor1 = Lal Bahadur Shastri
|office2 = Member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]
|term_start2 = 9 December 1946
|term_end2 = 24 January 1950
|birth_date = {{birth date|1892|05|15|df=y}}
|birth_place = Indapur, [[Pune]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] {{small|''(Now in Maharashtra, India)''}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|1970|02|21|1892|05|15|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Pune]], Maharashtra, India
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|awards = [[Padma Vibhushan]] (1963)
|spouse =
|children =
|alma_mater =
|signature =
}}
'''Hari Vinayak Pataskar''' was an Indian lawyer, former Vice-Chancellor of the [[University of Poona]] and politician who was a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/members.htm|title=List of members of the constituent assembly}}</ref> and a former [[List of Governors of Madhya Pradesh|Governor of Madhya Pradesh]]. He was the longest-serving governor of [[Madhya Pradesh]], with a tenure of 7 years, 8 months and 10 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mpinfo.org/mpinfonew/english/whoiswho/govelist.asp |title=Governors of Madhya Pradesh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312041102/http://www.mpinfo.org/mpinfonew/english/whoiswho/govelist.asp |archive-date=12 March 2012 }}</ref> In 1963, he was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]], the second highest civilian honour in India, for services in Public Affairs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmavibhushan_awards_list1.php?start=230 |title=Padma Vibhushan Awardees}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.rajbhavanmp.in/pataskar.asp Bio on Raj Bhavan website]

{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}
{{Governors of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pataskar, Hari Vinayak}}
[[Category:Governors of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Pune district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Law ministers of India]]
[[Category:Civil aviation ministers of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:India MPs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]

{{Maharashtra-INC-politician-stub}}
{{MadhyaPradesh-INC-politician-stub}}

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technological University, Thiruvananthapuram

2026-03-24T16:42:30Z

Sahadathossain: created data

{{short description|Tertiary education institution in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India}}
{{Distinguish|Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = '''APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University'''
| native_name =
| image = APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University logo.png
| image_size = 150px
| other_name = KTU
| motto =
| established = {{start date and age|2014}}
| coordinates = {{coord|8.5416|76.9057|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| budget = {{increase}} ₹ 50 million
| chancellor = [[Governor of Kerala]]
| vice_chancellor = Dr. Ciza Thomas
| dean =
| students = 160,000+
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| city = [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| country = India
| colours = Blue, Magenta, and Olive
{{color box|#0072BB}} {{color box|#A1045A}} {{color box|#708238}}
| mascot =
| campus =
| language = English
| free = '''KTU'''
| affiliations = [[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]], [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]
| address =
| coor =
| logo =
| website = {{URL|ktu.edu.in}}
}}

'''APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University''' (initially, '''Kerala Technological University''') or '''KTU''' is a [[State university (India)|state]] [[public university|public]] [[Institute of technology|technological university]] headquartered at [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], [[India]].

KTU is an [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE) and [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC) approved university that offers [[Undergraduate degree|undergraduate]], [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]] and [[doctorate|doctoral degrees]] in engineering, technology, and management-related streams.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/career-and-campus/top-news/2021/03/23/ktu-invites-application-phd-march-31.html |title=KTU invites applications for PhD till March 31 |date=2021-03-23 |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=[[Onmanorama]] |publisher=Malayala Manorama Company Ltd.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ktu-sanctions-new-courses-hikes-student-intake-for-new-academic-year/article67075950.ece/ |title=KTU sanctions new courses, hikes student intake for new academic year |date=2023-07-13 |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Named after the Indian aerospace scientist and statesman [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] in 2015,<ref>{{cite news |author=Press Trust of India (PTI) |date=29 July 2015 |title=Kerala's Technological University to be Named After President APJ Abdul Kalam |url=https://www.ndtv.com/kerala-news/keralas-technological-university-to-be-named-after-president-apj-abdul-kalam-1201742 |work=NDTV |location=Thiruvananthapuram |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref> it is both an affiliation and teaching university, with more than 170 affiliated colleges<ref name="fb">{{cite journal|title=KTU BTech first batch results out: 36.41 pass percentage recorded|journal=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=21 July 2019|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/Jul/20/ktu-btech-first-batch-results-out-3641-pass-percentage-recorded-2007047.html|access-date=16 February 2023}}</ref> and over 160,000 students enrolled, having jurisdiction over the [[List of districts of Kerala|14 districts of Kerala]].

It is a relatively new and reformed technological university, with its first batch enrolled in the academic year 2015–16.<ref name="fb"/><ref>{{cite news |last=K |first=Krishnachand |date=2018-12-30 |title=Government nod to set up Kerala Technological University HQ in capital |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/dec/30/govt-nod-to-set-up-ktu-hq-in-capital-1918208.html |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=2020-06-30}}</ref>

== History ==
KTU was established by the [[Government of Kerala]] through an [[Act of Parliament|Ordinance]] on 21 May 2014.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kerala Technological University Ordinance|date=5 May 2014|publisher=Government of Kerala|url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=22976&tmpl=component&format=raw&Itemid=2702|access-date=29 October 2014|ref=Ord|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029023839/http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=22976&tmpl=component&format=raw&Itemid=2702|archive-date=29 October 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Kuncheria P. Isaac, a former Member Secretary of the [[All India Council for Technical Education]], was appointed as the first [[Vice-Chancellor]] of the university on 1 September 2014, and M. Abdul Rahman, former [[All India Council for Technical Education]] Director, was appointed as the first [[Pro-Vice-Chancellor]].<ref name="VC">{{cite journal|title=VC for technical university|journal=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 July 2014|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/vc-for-technical-university/article6235742.ece|access-date=29 October 2014}}</ref> Classes for the first batch under KTU began on 1 August 2015.<ref name="fb"/>

==Affiliated colleges==
As of 2020, 140 colleges were affiliated with the KTU. Notable examples include:<ref>{{cite web |title=PROSPECTUS FOR ADMISSION TO PROFESSIONAL DEGREE COURSES |url=https://royalcet.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/prospectus-2020.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006145149/https://royalcet.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/prospectus-2020.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2022 |date=2020}}</ref>
*[[Sree Buddha College of Engineering, Elavumthitta]]
*[[MES College of Engineering]]
*[[Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam]]
*[[UKF College of Engineering and Technology]]

==Academics==
The language of instruction is English. KTU offers degrees in undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral levels.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ktu.edu.in/academics/scheme |title = Academic Programs}}</ref>

== List of vice chancellors of KTU ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Vice chancellors of APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University
|-
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" |Name
! colspan="3" |Term of office
|-
! Assumed office
! Left office
! Time in office
|-
! 1
| Kuncheria P. Isaac
| 1 September 2014<ref name="VC"/>
| 2 January 2018
| {{age in years and days|2014|9|1|2018|1|2}}
|-
! (acting)
| J. Letha
| 3 January 2018<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/cusat-v-c-given-additional-charge-of-ktu/articleshow/62314558.cms|title=CUSAT VC given additional charge of KTU |date=2017-12-31 |access-date = 2024-06-25 |work = [[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>
| 4 October 2018
| {{age in years and days|2018|1|1|2018|10|4}}
|-
! 2
| Usha Titus
| 5 October 2018
| 21 February 2019
| {{age in years and days|2018|10|5|2019|2|21}}
|-
! 3
| M. S. Rajasree
| 22 February 2019<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/200219/dr-rajasree-appointed-new-kalam-technological-university-vc.html |title=Dr Rajasree appointed new Kalam Technological University VC |date=2019-02-19 |access-date = 2024-06-25 |work = [[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>
| 3 November 2022
| {{age in years and days|2019|2|22|2022|11|3}}
|-
! (acting)
| Ciza Thomas
| 4 November 2022<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2022/Nov/04/amid-fierce-protestskerala-governors-nominee-takes-over-as-ktu-vc-in-charge-2514897.html |title=Amid fierce protests, Kerala Governor's nominee takes over as KTU VC-in charge |date=2022-11-04 |access-date=2024-06-25 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
| 31 March 2023
| {{age in years and days|2022|11|3|2023|3|31}}
|-
! (acting)
| Saji Gopinath
| 1 April 2023<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/saji-gopinath-assumes-charge-as-ktu-v-c-in-charge/article66688436.ece |title=Saji Gopinath assumes charge as KTU V-C in-charge |date=2023-04-01 |access-date=2024-06-25 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
| 27 October 2024<ref>{{Cite news |last=George |first=Sarath Babu |date=2024-10-29 |title=Leadership void at DUK and KTU: Administrative challenges persist amid Vice-Chancellor vacancies |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/leadership-void-at-duk-and-ktu-administrative-challenges-persist-amid-vice-chancellor-vacancies/article68811145.ece |access-date=2024-11-28 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| {{age in years and days|2023|4|1|2024|10|27}}
|-
!(acting)
|K. Sivaprasad
|28 November 2024<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-11-27 |title=Governor appoints interim V-Cs for KTU, Digital University |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/governor-appoints-interim-v-cs-to-ktu-digital-university/article68918876.ece |access-date=2024-11-28 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|17 December 2025
|{{age in years and days|2024|11|28|2025|12|17}}
|-
!4
|Ciza Thomas
|18 December 2025
|Incumbent
|{{Ayd|2025|12|18}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of engineering colleges in Kerala]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}
*
{{official website|http://ktu.edu.in}}
* [https://ktustudents.in Students website]
{{Universities in Kerala}}
{{Education in Kerala}}
{{Thiruvananthapuram}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Engineering universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Technical universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Universities in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technological University, Thiruvananthapuram| ]]
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2014]]
[[Category:All India Council for Technical Education]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Memorials to A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Technological University]]

I-League records and statistics

2026-03-24T10:54:31Z

Sahadathossain: Put up page...

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
The [[I-League]] was founded as the top tier of [[Football in India|Indian football]] for the start of the 2007–08 season. The following page details the football records and statistics of the I-League since then.

==Club records==

===Titles===
*'''Most titles:''' 3, [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
*'''Most consecutive title wins:''' 2, [[Gokulam Kerala FC]]

===Wins===
*'''Most wins in a season:''' 18, [[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]] ([[2010–11 I-League|2010–11]])
*'''Fewest wins in a season:''' 1, [[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]] ([[2007–08 I-League|2007–08]])
*'''Longest winning streak:''' 10, [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]] ([[2008-09 I-League|2008-09]])

===Losses===
*'''Most losses in a season:''' 16, [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]] ([[2008–09 I-League|2008–09]])
*'''Fewest losses in a season:''' 2, joint record:
**[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] ([[2007–08 I-League|2007–08]])
**[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] ([[2008–09 I-League|2008–09]])
*'''Longest losing streak:''' 6, joint record:
**[[Chirag United Club Kerala|Chirag United]] ([[2011–12 I-League|2011–12]])
**[[Air India FC]] ([[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]])
**[[Mumbai FC]] ([[2016–17 I-League|2016–17]])

===Goals===
*'''Most goals scored in a single season:''' 531, 182 matches ([[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]])
*'''Most goals scored by a team in a season:''' 63, [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] ([[2010–11 I-League|2010–11]])
*'''Fewest goals scored by a team in a season:''' 10, [[Air India FC|Air India]] ([[2007–08 I-League|2007–08]])
*'''Most goals conceded by a team in a season (26 games): 63'''
**[[Air India FC|Air India]] ([[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]])
**[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]] ([[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]])
*'''Fewest goals conceded by a team in a season:''' 13, [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] ([[2007–08 I-League|2007–08]])
*'''Best goal difference of a team in a season:''' 34, [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] ([[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]])
*'''Worst goal difference of a team in a season:''' -40, [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]] ([[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]])

===Points===
* '''Most points in a season:''' 57, [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] ([[2011–12 I-League|2011–12]])
* '''Fewest points in a season:''' 10, [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]] ([[2008–09 I-League|2008–09]])
* '''Most points in a season without winning the league:'''
** '''26 games:''' [[Pune F.C.|Pune]], 52, ([[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]])
* '''Fewest points in a season while winning the league:'''
** '''15 games:''' [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]], 29, ([[2020–21 I-League|2020–21]])
* '''Most points in a season while being relegated:'''
** '''26 games:''' [[Sporting Clube de Goa]], 27, ([[2009–10 I-League|2009–10]])
* '''Fewest points in a season while surviving relegation:''' [[Air India FC|Air India]], 17, ([[2007–08 I-League|2007–08]])






==Player records ([[National Football League (India)|NFL]] included)==
{{updated|27 October 2020}}
{{col-start}}
{{col-2}}

===Players in 100-goal club===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Rank
!Player
!Span
!Goals
|-
|1
|align="left"|{{flagicon|NGA}} '''[[Ranti Martins]]'''
|2004–2016
|214
|-
|2
|align="left"|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]
|2005–2017
|179
|-
|3
|align="left"|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Yusif Yakubu]]
|2000–2014
|147<ref name=Stats>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150117/jsp/sports/story_19347595.jsp#.VxdCgvl97IV|title=Time to regain lost glory|date=17 January 2015|first=Hariprasad|last=Chattopadhyay|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|location=Kolkata|access-date=22 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505102054/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150117/jsp/sports/story_19347595.jsp#.VxdCgvl97IV|archive-date=5 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
|4
|align="left"|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Chidi Edeh]]
|2003–2014
|104<ref name=Stats/><ref name=100GC>{{cite web|date=5 April 2014|first1=AIFF|last1=Media Team|url=http://i-league.org/?p=12481|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080338/http://i-league.org/?p=12481|title=Chidi Enters The 100-Goal Club — RANTI MARTINS TOPS LIST WITH 184 GOALS|archive-date=7 April 2014|website=i-league.org|publisher=All India Football Federation|location=New Delhi}}</ref>
|-
|5
|align="left"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Jose Ramirez Barreto]]
|1999–2012
|101
|-
|}

{{col-2}}

===Top Indian scorers===
Top five Indian goalscorers are listed below.<ref name=100GC/>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Rank
!Player
!Span
!Goals
|-
|1
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Sunil Chhetri]]'''
|2002–2017
|94<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i-league.org/i-league/chhetris-record-breaking-strike-denies-aizawl-a-win/|title=Sunil's Record-Breaking Strike Denies Aizawl A Win|website=i-league.org|publisher=Hero I-League|date=15 February 2017|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216052749/http://i-league.org/i-league/chhetris-record-breaking-strike-denies-aizawl-a-win/|location=Aizawl}}</ref>
|-
|2
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhaichung Bhutia]]
|1996–2013
|89
|-
|3
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]]
|2003–2014
|41
|-
|4
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} R. C. Prakash
|2000–2012
|38<ref name=100GC>{{cite web|date=5 April 2014|first1=AIFF|last1=Media Team|url=http://i-league.org/?p=12481|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080338/http://i-league.org/?p=12481|title=Chidi Enters The 100-Goal Club — RANTI MARTINS TOPS LIST WITH 184 GOALS|archive-date=7 April 2014|website=i-league.org|publisher=All India Football Federation|location=New Delhi}}</ref>
|-
|5
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Raman Vijayan]]
|1996–2003
|37<ref>{{cite web |title= From the History Book|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=1965 |website=All India Football Federation |publisher=the-aiff.com |access-date=19 October 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717033518/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=1965 |archivedate=17 July 2014}}</ref>
|-
|}

{{col-end}}

===Other individual records===
* '''Most individual goals in a match:''' 6 by {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Ranti Martins]], [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] vs [[Air India F.C.|Air India]] ([[2010–11 I-League|2010–11]])<ref name=Stats/>
* '''Most goals in one edition:''' 32 by {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Ranti Martins]], [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] ([[2011–12 I-League|2011–12]])<ref name=Stats/>
* '''Fastest goal in a match:''' {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Katsumi Yusa]] — 13 seconds, [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]] vs [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] ([[2018–19 I-League|2018–19]])<ref>{{cite web|title=I-League 2018/19: Neroca’s Katsumi Yusa hits new record in the I-League history|url=http://xtratime.in/i-league-2018-19-nerocas-katsumi-yusa-hits-new-record-in-the-i-league-history/|website=xtratime.in|publisher=Xtra Time News|date=15 December 2018|access-date=12 December 2018|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215222742/http://xtratime.in/i-league-2018-19-nerocas-katsumi-yusa-hits-new-record-in-the-i-league-history/|location=Kolkata}}</ref>
* '''[[List of I-League hat-tricks#Players with most hat-tricks|Most number of hat-tricks]]:''' {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]] (13)<ref name=Stats/>

==Player records (I-League only)==
===Appearances===
*Most I-League appearances: 199
** {{flagicon|NGR}} [[Ranti Martins]]
*Most I-League appearances by a foreign player: 199
** {{flagicon|NGR}} [[Ranti Martins]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{I-League}}
{{Football in India}}

==See also==
* [[List of Indian football first tier top scorers]]
[[Category:I-League lists|Records and statistics]]

Agnes Smedley

2026-03-20T18:41:50Z

Sahadathossain: fixed details further and corrected details

{{short description|American journalist and writer}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Agnes Smedley
| image = Agnes Smedley.jpg
| caption = Agnes Smedley, 1939
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1892|02|23}}
| birth_place = [[Osgood, Missouri]], [[U.S.]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1950|05|06|1892|02|23}}
| death_place = [[London]], England
| resting_place = [[Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]], [[Beijing]], China
| works = ''[[Daughter of Earth]]''
| occupation = Journalist, writer
| spouse = Ernest Brundin (1912–1916)
}}
'''Agnes Smedley''' (February 23, 1892 – May 6, 1950) was an American journalist, writer and activist who supported the [[Indian Independence Movement]] and the [[Chinese Communist Revolution]]. Raised in a poverty-stricken miner's family in Missouri and Colorado, she dramatized the formation of her feminist and socialist consciousness in the autobiographical novel ''[[Daughter of Earth]]'' (1929).

As a college student during [[World War I]], she organized support for the independence of India from the United Kingdom, receiving financial support from the government of Germany. After the war she went to Germany, where she met and worked with Indian nationalists. Between 1928 and 1941, she lived and worked in China, mainly as a journalist. During the first phase of the [[Chinese Civil War]], she was based in Shanghai and published widely in support of the communist cause; later, during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]], she traveled with the [[Eighth Route Army]] and lived for a time in the communist base in [[Yan'an]].

In addition to ''Daughter of Earth'', Smedley's publications include four non-fiction books on China; reportage for newspapers in the United States, England and Germany and a biography of the Chinese communist general [[Zhu De]]. She is accused of being a spy for the [[Comintern]] and working with such agents as [[Richard Sorge]], who was among her lovers.

==Background==
[[File:1A-ACC 93-1116 family.jpg|thumb|The Smedley family, 1899]]
Agnes Smedley was born in [[Osgood, Missouri]], on Feb 23, 1892, the second of five children. In 1901, at the age of nine, she and her family moved to [[Trinidad, Colorado]], where she witnessed many of the events in the [[Colorado Labor Wars#United Mine Workers strike, 1903-04|1903–04 coal miners' strike]].<ref name=Price/> Her father worked for several of the coal companies in Colorado and the family moved back and forth across southwestern Colorado. She finished eighth grade in [[Tercio, Colorado|Tercio]] at age 16. At the age of 17, Smedley took the county teacher's examination and taught in rural schools near her home for a semester. She returned home when her mother, Sarah, became ill. Sarah died in early 1910.<ref name=Price>
{{cite book
| last = Price
| first = Ruth
| title = The Lives of Agnes Smedley
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ogYQEUa2mJ4C
| date = 2005
| pages = 5–9 (Sorge), 20–23 (early life), 30–32 (Sarah's death), 34–36 (Tempe Normal School), 56 (NYC), 57 (Brundin), 58 (Margaret Sanger), 60–61 (Roy), 63–66 (German), 68 (1918 arrest), 69–72 (imprisonment), 82 (1919 charges dropped), 86–88 (Chattopadhyaya), 183 (Daughter of the Earth), 258 (Chinese Destinies)
| isbn = 9780195343861
| access-date = 21 July 2020}}
</ref>

Later that year, with the help of an aunt, Smedley enrolled in a business school in Greeley, Colorado, after which she worked as a traveling salesperson. Suffering from physical and emotional stress in 1911, Smedley checked into a sanatorium. A family friend in Arizona offered her a place to stay after she was discharged, and from 1911 to 1912 Smedley enrolled in [[Tempe Normal School]].<ref name=Price/> She published her first writings as editor and contributor to the school paper, ''Tempe Normal Student''. At Tempe, she became friends with a woman named Thorberg Brundin and her brother Ernest Brundin. Both Brundins were members of the [[Socialist Party of America]] and gave Smedley her first exposure to [[Socialism|socialist]] ideas. When the Brundins left Tempe for San Francisco, they invited Smedley to come stay with them, and in August 1912 Smedley married Ernest. The marriage did not last, however; by 1916, Smedley and her husband divorced and at the beginning of 1917, Smedley moved to New York City.<ref name=Price/>

Smedley's sister-in-law, Thorberg Brundin, had herself recently returned to New York, and Smedley was able to stay with Brundin and her husband Robert Haberman in their Greenwich Village home for her first few months in New York.<ref name=Price/> During her stay with them, Smedley came to know a number of Brundin's acquaintances, including feminist [[Henrietta Rodman]] and birth control activist [[Margaret Sanger]].<ref name=Price/>

==Career==

===Indian activism===
[[File:Agnes Smedley 1928.jpg|thumb|Smedley in a sari, 1928]]
During this same time, Smedley also became involved with a number of Bengali Indian revolutionaries working in the United States, including [[M. N. Roy]] and [[Shailendranath Ghosh]].<ref name=Price/> Working to overthrow British rule in India, these revolutionaries saw World War I as an opportunity for their cause, and began to cooperate with Germany, which saw in the revolutionaries' activities an opportunity to distract Britain from the European battlefront. The cooperation between the revolutionaries and Germany became known as the [[Hindu–German Conspiracy]], and the United States government soon took action against the Indians. Roy and Ghosh both moved to Mexico, and recruited Smedley to help coordinate the group's activities in the United States during their absence, including operating a front office for the group and publishing anti-allied propaganda. Most of these activities continued to be funded by Germany. Both American and British military intelligence soon became interested in Smedley's activities. To avoid surveillance, Smedley changed addresses frequently, moving ten times in the period from May 1917 to March 1918, according to biographer Ruth Price.<ref name=Price/>

In March 1918, Smedley was finally arrested by the U.S. Naval Intelligence Bureau.<ref name=Price/> She was indicted for violations of the Espionage Act, first in New York and later in San Francisco. She was imprisoned for two months, and then released on bail through the efforts of friends such as Rodman.<ref name=Price/> Smedley spent the next year and a half fighting the indictments; the New York indictment was dismissed in late 1918, and the government dropped the San Francisco charges in November 1919.<ref name=Price/> Smedley continued working for the next year on behalf of the Indians who had been indicted in the [[Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial]]. She then moved to Germany, where she met an Indian communist, [[Virendranath Chattopadhyaya]], whom she then lived with for several years in Germany, involved with various left-wing causes.<ref name=Price/> Apart from Chatto, she had also an affair with an Indian student from Oxford, Barkat Ali Mirza, who had been to Berlin in 1926. He wanted an Islamic marriage, which she refused.<ref>A Global History of Sexual Science, 1880-960 Ed By Veronika Fuechtner, University of California Press, 2017</ref>{{page needed|date=March 2021}}

In 1928, she finished her [[autobiographical novel]] ''[[Daughter of Earth]]''. She then left Chattopadhyaya and moved to Shanghai, initially as a correspondent for a liberal German newspaper. ''Daughter of Earth'' was published in 1929 to general acclaim.<ref name=Price/>

===Years in China===
[[File:Soong, Lin, Lu and Smedley.jpg|thumb|right|With friends and literary colleagues in Shanghai. From left to right: [[Lin Yutang]], [[Lu Xun]], [[Soong Ching-ling]], Smedley, Li Peihua]]
In 1933, Smedley wrote ''[[China's Red Army Marches]]'', for which [[Chinese Red Army|Red Army]] commanders were her sources.<ref name=":Li" />{{Rp|page=166}}

In China, Smedley served as a correspondent for the ''[[Frankfurter Zeitung]]'' and the ''[[Manchester Guardian]]''. She covered many topics, including the Anti-Japanese War as a major war correspondent. In [[Xi'an]] during the [[Xi'an Incident]] of December 1936, she was awaken by soldiers and recruited to broadcast the news in English via [[Radio in China|radio]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Alekna |first=John |title=Seeking News, Making China: Information, Technology, and the Emergence of Mass Society |date=2024 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3667-5 |location=Stanford, California}}</ref>{{Reference page|page=107}} Smedley's broadcasts assured foreign powers that that Chiang Kai-shek was safe, and that the incident was not a coup but rather an attempt to unite the country.<ref name=":12" />{{Reference page|page=107}}

She then reported on the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] during the [[Second United Front]]. She traveled to [[Yan'an Soviet|Yan'an]] in January 1937<ref name=":Li">{{Cite book |last=Li |first=Hongshan |title=Fighting on the Cultural Front: U.S.-China Relations in the Cold War |date=2024 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=9780231207058 |location=New York, NY |doi=10.7312/li--20704 |jstor=10.7312/li--20704}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=165–166}} and with the [[8th Route Army]] that year.<ref name="MacKinnon" /> She traveled with the [[New Fourth Army]] in 1938–39, as well as visiting some units of the non-Communist Chinese army.<ref name="MacKinnon" />

Smedley had a sexual relationship with [[Richard Sorge]], a Soviet spymaster, while in Shanghai, and probably with [[Ozaki Hotsumi]], a correspondent for the [[Asahi Shimbun]]. Later he translated Smedley's ''Daughter of Earth'' into Japanese. She introduced Sorge to Ozaki, who became Sorge's most important informant in Japan. Maj. Gen. [[Charles A. Willoughby]], who served with Gen. [[Douglas MacArthur]]'s chief of intelligence, claimed that Smedley was a member of the anti-Japanese Sorge spy ring. After the war, Smedley threatened to sue Willoughby for making the accusation. Ruth Price, author of the most recent and extensive biography of Smedley, writes that there is very strong evidence in former Soviet archives that Smedley was indeed a spy who engaged in espionage for the [[Comintern]] and on behalf of the Soviet Union.<ref name=Price/> Soviet archives also make it clear that Smedley's connection to the Comintern ended in 1936.<ref name="MacKinnon">MacKinnon</ref>

In 1937 she applied for membership in the [[Chinese Communist Party]] but was rejected due to Party reservations about her lack of discipline and what it viewed as her excessive independence of mind. Smedley was devastated by this rejection but remained passionately devoted to the Chinese communist cause.<ref>MacKinnon, chapter 12</ref>

Smedley left Yan'an in 1937; thereafter she organized medical supplies and continued writing. From 1938 to 1941, she visited both Communist and [[Kuomintang]] forces in the war zone. It was during her stay with Communist forces in [[Yan'an]], after the [[Long March]], that she conducted extensive interviews with General [[Zhu De]], the basis of her book on him. She was helped later with her book by the actress and writer [[Wang Ying (actress)|Wang Ying]] who was living in the USA during the 1940s.<ref name="Lee2016">{{cite book|author=Lily Xiao Hong Lee|title=Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: V. 2: Twentieth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22alDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA540|date=8 July 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-49924-6|pages=539–541}}</ref>

It is recorded that this is the longest tour of the Chinese war front conducted by any foreign correspondent, male or female.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

===Final years===
[[File:Smedley headstone babaoshan 2012 01.jpg|thumb|right|Headstone for Agnes Smedley at the [[Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]] in Beijing]]
She relocated to Washington, DC in 1941 to advocate for China and authored several works on China's revolution. In the mid 1940s she was an influential voice in support of the Chinese Communists on public forums and NBC radio. Her 1944 book ''Battle Hymn of China'' was widely read and reviewed. During the 1940s she lived at [[Yaddo]], a writer's colony in upstate New York and lived at times with [[Edgar Snow]]. In 1947 she was accused of espionage by General [[Douglas MacArthur]] and followed by the FBI. Feeling pressure, she left the U.S. in the autumn of 1949. She died in the UK in 1950 after surgery for an ulcer.<ref>MacKinnon, chapter 20</ref>

Her ashes were buried at the [[Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]] in Beijing in 1951.<ref>MacKinnon, photo</ref>

==Legacy==

Smedley's final book, a biography of [[Zhu De]], was incomplete at the time of her death.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/653970?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Reviewed Work: Right in Her Soul: The Life of Anna Louise Strong by Tracy B. Strong]</ref> It was published in 1956.

Smedley is a featured figure on [[Judy Chicago]]'s installation piece ''[[The Dinner Party]]'', being represented as one of the 999 names on the ''[[List of women in the Heritage Floor|Heritage Floor]].''<ref name="Smedley">{{cite web | year=2007 | title=Agnes Sampson | work=Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art: The Dinner Party: Heritage Floor: Agnes Smedley | publisher=[[Brooklyn Museum]] | url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/agnes_smedley.php | access-date=December 25, 2011}}</ref>

According to [[PBS]], in her work as triple agent for Communists in China, India, and the Soviet Union, Smedley "was one of the most prolific female spies of the 20th century."<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venona/dece_smedley.html Agnes Smedley] ''[[Nova (American TV series)|PBS Nova]]''</ref>

==Bibliography==

===Main works===

[[File:DaughterOfEarthCover.jpg|thumb|right|Cover of 1987 edition by the Feminist Press of Smedley's ''[[Daughter of Earth]]'']]
*''[[Daughter of Earth]]'' (1929)
*''[[Chinese Destinies|Chinese Destinies: Sketches of Present-Day China]]'' (1933)
*''[[China's Red Army Marches]]'' (1934)
*''[[China Fights Back|China Fights Back: An American Woman with the Eighth Route Army]]'' (1938)
*''[[Battle Hymn of China]]'' (1943, republished in 1984 as ''China Correspondent'')
*''[[The Great Road: The Life and Times of Chu Teh]]'' (1956, published posthumously)

===Miscellaneous===

*''Stories of the Wounded: An Appeal for Orthopaedic Centres of the Chinese Red Cross'' (1941, pamphlet)
*"After the Final Victory," published in ''Asia Magazine'' and included in [[Ernest Hemingway]]'s edited collection ''Men at War''
*''Portraits of Chinese Women in Revolution'' (1976, anthology, edited by Jan and Steve MacKinnon)

==See also==
* [[Jack Belden]] – fellow correspondent in China
* [[Xu Zhimo]] – Chinese poet with whom Smedley was romantically involved
* [[Anna Louise Strong]] – fellow supporter of Chinese communism

==References and further reading==
* Agnes Smedley, "Cell Mates," from ''Call Magazine'' (Sunday supplement to the ''New York Call'') 15, 22, 29 February, 14 March 1920, reprinted in {{cite book
| first = Bruce
| last = Franklin, H.
| title = Prison Writing in 20th-Century America
| place = New York
| publisher = Penguin
| date = 1998
| isbn = 0-14-027305-0
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/prisonwritingin20000unse
| ref= none}}
*{{cite AV media
| people = Veronika Feuchtner
| date = 11 November 2013
| title = Agnes Smedley between Berlin, Bombay and Beijing: Sexology, Communism and National Independence
| language = en
| url = http://sites.dartmouth.edu/humanitiesinstitute2013/2013/11/11/veronika-fuechtner/
| access-date = 26 June 2016
| format = video
| time = 28:07
| location = Hannover, New Hampshire, USSA
| publisher = Dartmouth College
}}
*{{cite journal
| last = Stranahan
| first = Patricia
| jstor = 2057879
| title = Review of MacKinnon, ''Agnes Smedley: Life and Times of an American Radical''
| journal = The Journal of Asian Studies
| volume = 47
| issue = 4
| date = 1988
| pages = 863–865
| doi=10.2307/2057879
|ref= none}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = MacKinnon
| first1 = Janice
| first2 = Stephen R.
| last2 = MacKinnon
| title = Agnes Smedley: The Life and Times of an American Radical
| url = https://archive.org/details/agnessmedleylife00jani
| url-access = registration
| place = Berkeley
| publisher = University of California Press
| date = 1988
| isbn = 0-520-06614-6}}
*{{cite book
| last = Price
| first = Ruth
| title = The Lives of Agnes Smedley
| place = Oxford
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 2005
| isbn = 0-19-514189-X
| url = https://archive.org/details/livesofagnessmed00pric
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Rabinowitz
| first = Paula
| title = Labor and Desire: Women's Revolutionary Fiction in Depression America
| place = Chapel Hill
| publisher = University of North Carolina Press
| date = 1991
| isbn = 0-8078-4332-6
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/labordesirewomen0000unse
}}
* [[Charles A. Willoughby|Willoughby, Charles Andrew]] (1952) ''Shanghai Conspiracy: The Sorge Spy Ring: Moscow, Shanghai, Tokyo, San Francisco, New York''. E.P. Dutton and Co., New York (reprinted, Boston: Western Islands, 1965).

== Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Agnes Smedley}}
* {{Internet Archive author |search=(("1892-1950" AND Smedley) AND (-mediatype:software))}}
*[http://www.asu.edu/lib/archives/smedley.htm Agnes Smedley from the] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417103533/http://www.asu.edu/lib/archives/smedley.htm |date=April 17, 2012 }} Arizona State University Hayden Library archives
*[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venona/dece_smedley.html "Secrets, Lies, and Atomic Spies"] from [[Nova (American TV series)|Nova]]
*[http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/149204.htm "A Passionate Warrior with No Compromise"] from ''China Through A Lens''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101124073557/http://globaljournalist.org/stories/2007/01/14/from-the-midwest-to-the-far-east/ "From the Midwest to the Far East"] by Jeffrey Wasserstorm from ''Global Journalist''.
*[http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/entity/agnes-smedley Agnes Smedley materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]
*[https://gwydionwilliams.com/99-problems-magazine/agnes-smedley-and-chinas-red-army/ Agnes Smedley and China's Red Army]
*[https://gwydionwilliams.com/99-problems-magazine/china-agnes-smedleys-battle-hymn-against-japan/ Agnes Smedley in the Sino-Japanese War, and how she was persecuted in the McCarthy Era]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Smedley, Agnes}}
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century American women journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century American biographers]]
[[Category:American communists]]
[[Category:American expatriates in China]]
[[Category:American spies for the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Burials at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]]
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]
[[Category:People from Sullivan County, Missouri]]
[[Category:Writers from Missouri]]
[[Category:American autobiographers]]
[[Category:American women autobiographers]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:American women in World War I]]
[[Category:People of the Chinese Civil War]]
[[Category:People of the Second Sino-Japanese War]]
[[Category:Deaths from surgical complications]]

C. K. Kuppuswamy

2026-03-18T13:50:23Z

Sahadathossain:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = C. K. Kuppuswamy
| image =
| image_size =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term = 1984 – 1996
| predecessor = Era Mohan
| successor = [[M. Ramanathan]]
| constituency = [[Coimbatore Lok Sabha constituency|Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1932|03|16|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| party = [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] (since 2018)
| other_party = {{ubl|[[Indian National Congress]] (before 1996, 2001–2018)|[[Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)]] (1996–2001)}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=10 October 2001 |title=மீண்டும் காங்கிரஸில் சி.கே. குப்புசாமி |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2001/10/10/kuppusamy.html |access-date=18 March 2026 |website=tamil.oneindia.com |language=ta}}</ref><ref name=":0"/>
| spouse = {{marriage|Muthammal|26 June 1955}}
| children = 1 daughter
| parents =
| father = Karuppanna Gounder
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession = Agriculturist and Businessman
}}

'''C. K. Kuppuswamy''' (born 16 March 1932) is an Indian politician from [[Tamil Nadu]] and a three-time member of [[Lok Sabha]].

== Early life ==
Kuppuswamy was born in Chandrapuram, [[Coimbatore district]], Tamil Nadu.

== Career ==
Kuppuswamy was first elected as a Member of Parliament in 1984. He won the Indian General Election in Tamil Nadu representing [[Indian National Congress]] from Coimbatore Lok Sabha Constituency defeating [[R. Umanath]] of [[CPI(M)]]. He was re-elected from [[Coimbatore Lok Sabha constituency]] in the 9th and [[10th Lok Sabha]] elections winning in 1989 and 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coimbatore Lok Sabha Election 2024 - Voting, Candidates & Dates |url=https://coimbatorejunction.in/coimbatore-lok-sabha-election/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=coimbatorejunction.in/ |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1989 he defeated R. Umanath and in 1991, he defeated [[K. Ramani]], both CPI(M) candidates.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2018-09-27 |title=Kuppusamy joins PMK |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kuppusamy-joins-pmk/article25062917.ece |access-date=2024-05-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 1996, he lost to DMK's [[M. Ramanathan]]. In 1999, he shifted to TMC(M) party and contested from [[Gobichettipalayam Lok Sabha constituency|Gobichettipalayam]]. He finished third after AIADMK (winner) and DMK.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuppuswamy C.k.: Get Latest News Updates and Top Headlines about Kuppuswamy C.k. |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/lok-sabha/candidates/name |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> In September 2018, he joined [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]].<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{8th Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu}}
{{9th Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu}}
{{10th Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu}}

{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuppuswamy C. K.}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Coimbatore district]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]

Nandamuri–Nara family

2026-03-17T09:15:02Z

Sahadathossain: Redirect page

{{Short description|Indian political and film family}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox family
| name = Nandamuri–Nara family
| other_names =
| alt =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt2 =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Family]]
| origin = [[Krishna district| Krishna]] and [[Tirupati district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| parent_family =
| country = India
| region =
| founded = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| founder =
| current_head =
| members = {{ubl|[[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Nara Chandrababu Naidu]], [[Nandamuri Harikrishna]], [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]], [[Daggubati Purandeswari]], [[Nandamuri Mohana Krishna]], [[Nara Lokesh]], [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]], [[Nandamuri Kalyan Ram]], [[Taraka Ratna]]}}
| other_families =
| distinctions =
| traditions = [[Telugu people|Telugu]], [[Hindu]]
| motto =
| heirlooms = [[Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital]], [[NTR Trust]], [[Ramakrishna Cine Studios]], [[N. T. R. Arts]], [[Heritage Foods]]
| estate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Nandamuri–Nara family''' is a prominent Indian [[Political families of India|political]] and [[List of Hindi film families|film]] family known for their work in [[Politics of India|Indian politics]] and [[Telugu cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-28 |title=Tracking NTR’s journey: From superstar to political stalwart |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tracking-ntr-s-journey-from-superstar-to-political-stalwart-101653762167846.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627014204/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tracking-ntr-s-journey-from-superstar-to-political-stalwart-101653762167846.html |archive-date=27 June 2022 |access-date=2025-01-10 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=From obscurity to a 'kingmaker': Tracing Chandrababu Naidu's politics |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/from-obscurity-to-a-kingmaker-tracing-chandrababu-naidu-s-politics-124060500531_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901202408/https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/from-obscurity-to-a-kingmaker-tracing-chandrababu-naidu-s-politics-124060500531_1.html |archive-date=1 September 2024 |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> The family, spanning at least three generations, is involved in politics, films, and business ventures. The prominent heads of the family are politician and actor [[N.T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]] and his son-in-law, the politician [[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nitin |first=B |date=2017-09-03 |title=Tollywood's first families: The kings and queens who rule the Telugu film industry |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tollywoods-first-families-kings-and-queens-who-rule-telugu-film-industry-67805 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904194946/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tollywoods-first-families-kings-and-queens-who-rule-telugu-film-industry-67805 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |access-date= |website=The News Minute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Clans in Indian Cinema: NT Rama Rao and His Family of Telugu Film Icons and Powerful Politicians |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/clans-in-indian-cinema-nt-rama-rao-and-his-family-of-telugu-film-icons-and-powerful-politicians-3663311.html |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The Nandamuri–Nara is a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] family with origins in the villages of [[Nimmakuru]] and [[Naravaripalle]] in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. They are one of the most prominent families in [[Politics of India|Indian politics]] and [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-05 |title=How Tollywood's Two 'Rival' Castes Work Together to Maintain Political, Industry Power |url=https://theswaddle.com/how-tollywoods-two-rival-castes-work-together-to-maintain-political-industry-power/ |website=The Swaddle |language=en}}</ref>

== Family members ==
<gallery class="center">
File:N. T. Rama Rao, 1952.jpg|[[N. T. Rama Rao]]
</gallery>[[N.T. Rama Rao|Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]], often referred to by his initials '''NTR''', was an Indian actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter, film editor, philanthropist and politician who served as the [[List of Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] for seven years over four terms. He is regarded as one of the most influential actors in the history of [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NTR, India's greatest ever actor, says survey |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/ntr-indias-greatest-ever-actor-says-survey-308711.html |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> He starred in over 300 films, predominantly in [[Telugu cinema]], and was referred to as "''Viswa Vikhyatha Nata Sarvabhouma"'' (<abbr>transl.</abbr> Universally renowned star of acting).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-01-18 |title=Remembering Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao on his 24th death anniversary: The life and legacy of Viswa Vikhyatha Nata Sarvabhouma |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/remembering-nandamuri-taraka-rama-rao-on-his-24th-death-anniversary-the-life-and-legacy-of-viswa-vikhyatha-nata-sarvabhouma/photostory/73353193.cms |access-date=2025-01-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He founded the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) in 1982 and served three tumultuous terms as [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] between 1983 and 1995. He was known as an advocate of Andhra Pradesh's distinct cultural identity, distinguishing it from the erstwhile [[Madras State]] with which it was often associated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-04-22 |title=Regionalism and sub-regionalism |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30222171.ece |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref> NTR married Basava Rama Tarakam. The marriage resulted in twelve children; including eight sons and four daughters.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-01 |title=- NTR had 12 children - eight sons and four daughters. |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/trending/live-updates-live-ntr-daughter-uma-maheswari-passes-away-nandamuri-family-plunges-into-gloom-192147/192157 |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=Zee Business |language=en}}</ref> <gallery class="center">
File:Nara Chandrababu Naidu-1.jpg|[[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
</gallery>[[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]], commonly known as '''CBN''', is an Indian politician who is currently serving as the 13th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, currently in his fourth term. He holds the record of longest-serving Chief Minister in the political history of [[Telugu states]]. He is the national president of the Telugu Desam Party (TDP). NTR's third daughter, Bhuvaneswari, is married to Nara Chandrababu Naidu. He has a younger brother [[Nara Ramamurthy Naidu]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-11-16 |title=N. Chandrababu Naidu’s brother Ramamurthy Naidu passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/chandrababu-naidus-brother-ramamurthy-naidu-passes-away/article68875449.ece |access-date=2025-01-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=}}</ref> <gallery class="center">
File:Nandamuri-Harikrishna.webp|[[Nandamuri Harikrishna]] Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao's son
File:D. Purandeswari, in New Delhi on February 07, 2013.jpg|[[Daggubati Purandeswari]] Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao's daughter
</gallery>NTR's fourth son, [[Nandamuri Harikrishna]], was an actor-turned-politician elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]], representing the TDP. NTR's fifth son [[Nandamuri Mohana Krishna]] is a cinematographer. NTR's sixth son, [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]], has been one of the leading actors in Tollywood since the mid-1980s. Balakrishna contested 2014 and has been the elected member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Hindupur (Assembly constituency)|Hindupuram constituency]] since. [[Daggubati Purandeswari]], is a politician, who has served as a Union Minister and is the current [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] Andhra Pradesh President.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-07-04 |title=BJP appoints Daggubati Purandeswari as A.P. unit president |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/bjp-appoints-daggubati-purandeswari-as-ap-unit-president/article67042175.ece |access-date=2025-03-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

<gallery class="center">
File:Nara Lokesh at CII Partnership Summit 2025, Visakhapatnam.jpg|[[Nara Lokesh]], Chandrababu Naidu's son
File:NTR Jr. (2026).jpg|[[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]], Harikrishna's youngest son
File:Kalyan Ram.png|[[Nandamuri Kalyan Ram]], Harikrishna's second son
</gallery>

Chandrababu Naidu's son [[Nara Lokesh]] is a politician serving as the member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Mangalagiri since 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Sambasiva Rao |date=2024-06-04 |title=TDP sweeps Guntur district, Nara Lokesh wins an Assembly seat for the first time |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/tdp-sweeps-guntur-district-nara-lokesh-wins-an-assembly-seat-for-the-first-time/article68252327.ece |access-date=2025-01-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Harikrishna's sons [[Nandamuri Kalyan Ram]] and [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]] are also actors in the Telugu cinema, with the latter being one of the leading actors in Telugu cinema since the early-2000s. Chandrababu Naidu's younger brother Nara Ramamurthy Naidu's son [[Nara Rohit]] is an actor.

== See also ==
* [[NTR Gardens]]
* [[Akkineni–Daggubati family]]
* [[Konidela–Allu family]]

== References ==
<references responsive="1"></references>
[[Category:Telugu families]]
[[Category:Hindu families]]
[[Category:Nandamuri–Nara family| ]]
[[Category:Telugu film families]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Political families of India]]
[[Category:Families of Indian cinema]]
[[Category:Business families of India]]

Amul

2026-03-10T03:42:48Z

Sahadathossain: edit

{{short description|Indian state government owned dairy cooperative society}}
{{About|the cooperative}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Anand Milk Union Limited
| trading_name = '''Amul Coop'''
| native_name = The [[Kaira District]] Co-Opp Milk Producers Union Ltd.
| logo = Amul official logo.svg
| logo_size = 250
| type = [[Cooperative]]
| owner =
| industry = [[Dairy]]
| products = Milk Products
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1946|12|14}}
| founder = [[Tribhuvandas Patel]]
| location = [[Anand, Gujarat]], India
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = Ashok Chaudhary (Chairman)
| revenue = {{profit}} {{INRConvert|90000|c}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Amul's revenue rises to Rs 90,000 cr in FY25, up from Rs 80,000 cr in FY24 |url=http://bestmediainfo.com/mediainfo/mediainfo-marketing/amuls-revenue-rises-to-rs-90000-cr-in-fy25-up-from-rs-80000-cr-in-fy24-8919731 |access-date=3 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
| revenue_year = 2025
| num_employees = 1,000 (officers and employees) 3.6 million
(milk producers)<ref name="amul.com">{{cite web|url=https://amul.com/files/pdf/English_Final_GCMMF_Press_Release_for_Annual_General_Meeting_on_18th_July_2020.pdf|title=Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (AMUL) achieves a turnover of Rs. 52000 crore 7billion crores with 17% growth|work=Amul|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918074747/https://amul.com/files/pdf/English_Final_GCMMF_Press_Release_for_Annual_General_Meeting_on_18th_July_2020.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| divisions = *[Kaira District Co-Opp Milk Producers Union Ltd.
*[[Banas Dairy]]
* [[Dudhsagar Dairy]]
| website = {{URL|https://amul.com/|amul.com}}
}}

The '''Anand Milk Union Limited''', commonly known as '''Amul''', is an Indian dairy brand owned by the [[cooperative|cooperative society]], '''Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF)''', based in [[Anand, Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Laidlaw |first=Alexander Fraser |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBvtAAAAMAAJ |title=Cooperatives and the Poor: A View from Within the Cooperative Movement : a Development Study Prepared for the International Cooperative Alliance and the Canadian International Development Agency |date=1977 |language=en |access-date=11 March 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404052238/https://books.google.com/books?id=GBvtAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Govind |last2=Rosencranz |first2=Armin |date=2021-10-20 |title=Cows and their milk |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/cows-and-their-milk-1503020618.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103142210/https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/cows-and-their-milk-1503020618.html |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=2022-06-03 |website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |language=en-US}}</ref> GCMMF is controlled by 3.6 million milk producers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Reeta |title=General Management Review |url=http://www.etgmr.com/GMRjan-mar04/art7.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040302120048/http://www.etgmr.com/GMRjan-mar04/art7.html |archive-date=2004-03-02 |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=www.etgmr.com}}</ref>

[[Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel]] founded the organisation in 1946 and served as its chairman until his retirement in the 1970s. He hired [[Verghese Kurien]] in 1949,<ref>{{cite book |last=Heredia |first=Ruth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYEkjpYkHrMC&pg=PA65 |title=The Amul India Story |publisher=Tata Mc-Graw Hill |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-07-463160-7 |location=New Delhi |pages=65 |access-date=1 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309030608/https://books.google.com/books?id=TYEkjpYkHrMC&pg=PA65 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Misra |first=Udit |date=10 September 2012 |title=V. Kurien: India's White Knight |newspaper=Forbes India |url=http://forbesindia.com/article/special/v-kurien-indias-white-knight/33719/2 |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402160414/http://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/v-kurien-indias-white-knight/33719/2 |archive-date=2 April 2019}}</ref> initially as the general manager, where Kurien guided the technical and marketing efforts of the cooperative. Kurien briefly became the chairman of Amul following Patel's death in 1994, and is credited with the success of Amul's marketing.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dasgupta |first=Manas |date=9 September 2012 |title=Kurien strode like a titan across the bureaucratic barriers and obstacles |newspaper=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3877337.ece |url-status=live |access-date=13 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912032719/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3877337.ece |archive-date=12 September 2012}}</ref>

Amul spurred [[White revolution (India)|India's White Revolution]], which made the country the world's largest producer of milk and milk products,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dairy Articles |url=https://indiadairy.com/dairy-articles/ |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=IndiaDairy |language=en-US |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309203116/https://indiadairy.com/dairy-articles/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and has since ventured into overseas markets.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/amuls-worlds-biggest-vegetarian-cheese-brand/articleshow/1288927.cms|title=Amul's world's biggest vegetarian cheese brand exports cheese to the US, Middle East, Singapore, Hong Kong with sales estimated to touch 600 tonne in 2005|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=1 July 2020|last1=Srinivas|first1=Nidhi Nath|archive-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005134854/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/amuls-worlds-biggest-vegetarian-cheese-brand/articleshow/1288927.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==

[[File:2_The-Amul-trinity_Kurien_Shri-TK-Patel_HM_Dalaya.jpg|thumbnail|250px |[[Verghese Kurien]], [[Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel]], and [[Harichand Megha Dalaya]]]]
Amul was founded on 14 December 1946 as a response to the exploitation of small dairy farmers by traders and agents. At the time, milk prices were arbitrarily determined, giving [[Polson (brand)|Polson]] an effective monopoly in milk collection from Kaira and its subsequent supply to [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=George |first=Shanti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbI6AAAAMAAJ |title=Operation Flood: An Appraisal of Current Indian Dairy Policy |date=1985 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-561679-8 |language=en |access-date=9 March 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404052239/https://books.google.com/books?id=dbI6AAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Ruth">{{cite book |last=Heredia |first=Ruth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYEkjpYkHrMC |title=The Amul India story |publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill |year=1997 |location=New Delhi|isbn=9780074631607 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title= Story of Cooperation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9DTUn4Bz4E|date=20 September 2025}} </ref>

Frustrated with the trade practices (which they perceived as unfair), the farmers of Kaira, led by [[Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel]], approached [[Vallabhbhai Patel]], who advised them to form a cooperative. If they did so, they would be able to directly supply their milk to the Bombay Milk Scheme instead of working for Polson.<ref name=tehelka>{{cite news|last=Suhrud|first=Tridip|author-link=Tridip Suhrud|title=The magic of manthan|url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main17.asp?filename=op040806the_magic.asp|access-date=2 February 2011|newspaper=Tehelka|date=8 April 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111211535/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main17.asp?filename=op040806the_magic.asp|archive-date=11 November 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sardar Patel sent [[Morarji Desai]] to organise the farmers.<ref name="Ruth" />

Following a meeting in [[Chaklasi]], the farmers formed the cooperative and resolved not to provide Polson with any more milk.<ref name="tehelka" /> Milk collection was decentralised, as most producers were marginal farmers who could deliver, at most, 1–2 litres of milk per day. Cooperatives were formed for each village.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Thapar |first=Romila |title=Seminar, Issues 497–508 |journal=Seminar|year=2001}}</ref>

The cooperative was strict that any farmer could become a member, irrespective of their religion, caste, gender, or political affiliation.<ref>{{cite book
|last1=Kurien
|first1=Verghese
|last2=Salvi
|first2=Gouri
|title=I Too Had a Dream
|publisher=Roli Books
|year=2005
|isbn=978-81-7436-407-4
|page=179
}}</ref>

By June 1948, the KDCMPUL had started pasteurising milk for the Bombay Milk Scheme. Then-Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] visited [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]] to inaugurate Amul's cattle feed factory. On 31 October 1964, he spoke to farmers about their cooperative. After returning to Delhi, he set in motion the creation of an organisation, the [[National Dairy Development Board]] (NDDB), to replicate the Kaira cooperative in other parts of India. Under the leadership of Tribhuvandas Patel, in 1973, Amul celebrated its 25th anniversary with Morarji Desai, [[Maniben Patel]], and [[Verghese Kurien]].<ref name="Amul Reference2">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Sharad |title=Remembering Verghese Kurien – India's first milkman |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/remembering-verghese-kurien-indias-first-milkman/article30084051.ece |access-date=10 March 2021 |publisher=businessline |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021222527/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/remembering-verghese-kurien-indias-first-milkman/article30084051.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

The cooperative was further developed through the efforts of Verghese Kurien and [[Harichand Megha Dalaya|H. M. Dalaya]]. Dalaya's innovation of making [[Skimmed milk|skim milk]] powder from buffalo milk was a technological breakthrough that revolutionised India's organised dairy industry.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kurien |first=Verghese |title=Ending Poverty in South Asia: Ideas that work |year=2007 |publisher=The World Bank |location=Washington D.C., USA |isbn=978-0-8213-6876-3 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IV9m8gF6XDcC&pg=PA47 |chapter=India' s Milk Revolution: Investing in Rural Producer Organizations |editor=Narayan, Deepa |editor2=Glinskaya, Elena |access-date=13 January 2021 |page=47 |quote=If there was one technological breakthrough that revolutionized India's organized dairy industry, it was the making of skim milk powder out of buffalo milk. The man who made this possible and who had the foresight to defy the prevailing technical wisdom was H. M. Dalaya. |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309030609/https://books.google.com/books?id=IV9m8gF6XDcC&pg=PA47 |url-status=live }}</ref>

With Kurien's help, the process was expanded on a commercial scale, which led to the first modern dairy cooperative at Anand. This cooperative would go on to compete against the established players in the market.<ref name=epw>{{cite journal|title=Economic and political weekly, Volume 6, Part 4|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|year=1971|volume=6}}</ref>

The success of the trio (T. K. Patel, Kurien, and Dalaya) at the cooperative's dairy soon spread to Anand's neighbourhood in Gujarat. Within a short span, five unions in other districts—[[Mehsana]], [[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]], [[Vadodara|Baroda]], [[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]], and [[Surat]]—were set up, following the approach sometimes described as ''the Anand pattern''.<ref name=Ruth />

In 1970, the cooperative spearheaded the "[[White revolution (India)|White Revolution]]" of India. To combine forces and expand the market while saving on advertising and avoiding competing against each other, the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd., an apex marketing body of these district cooperatives, was set up in 1973. The Kaira Union, which had the brand name Amul with it since 1955, transferred it to GCMMF. Technological developments at Amul have subsequently spread to other parts of India.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Cheese Industry in India|publisher=Chillibreeze}}</ref>

In 1999, it was awarded the "Best of All" [[Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bis.org.in/other/rgnqa_win_12.pdf | title = Annex iv: list of award winners of Rajiv Gandhi national quality awards | last1 = Shrawan | date = 29 May 2013 | website = bis.org.in | publisher = Bureau of Indian Standards | location = New Delhi | access-date = 15 May 2014 | archive-date = 2 December 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141202153812/http://www.bis.org.in/other/rgnqa_win_12.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref> In 2025, Amul was ranked third most valued brand in India in the YouGov India Value Rankings 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-06 |title=Amul ranked among India's most valued brands, the only FMCG in the top 3 list |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-amul-ranked-among-indias-most-valued-brands-the-only-fmcg-in-the-top-3-list-3769863/ |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>

==Organisation: Three tiers of hierarchical co-operative societies==
{{anchor| Org | Organisation | Organization | Tier | Tiers | Hierarchy | Hierarchical }}

Amul operates on a [[Cooperative movement in India|three-tier co-operative society model]] of dairy development is a structure, where milk producers form the village level dairy cooperative societies, federated under a milk union at the district level which are further federation as member unions at the state level. Amul at village and district level is managed by the elected officials. The three-tiered structure, known as the '''"Anand Pattern of co-operative societies"''', has the following hierarchical levels:<ref name=proft1>[https://amul.com/m/about-us About AMul], Amul, accessed 19 Sept 2025.</ref>

# '''Village level society''' - '''Village Dairy Cooperative Society''' ('''VDCS'''): Milk producers in a village come together to form this primary society, which collects surplus milk and provides support services to its members. Members elect the management council, i.e. village level societies are self-managed by the elected members.
# '''District level union of societies''' - '''District Cooperative Milk Producers Union''' ('''DCMPU''') or '''Dugdh Sangh''': Village-level societies within a district become members of a district milk union, which is responsible for procuring, processing, and transporting milk. Each village level council with one vote each is member of district level union and they elect the district level council, i.e. district level unions are self-managed by the elected members. [[Banas Dairy]] of [[ Banaskantha district]] and [[Dudhsagar Dairy]] of [[Mehsana district]] in Gujarat are examples of district level union of societies.
# '''State level federation of state level unions''' - '''State Cooperative Milk Federation''' ('''SCMF'''): The district milk unions within a state are federated under a state-level organization. This federation is in charge of marketing and distributing milk and milk products. In the case of Amul, the state federation is the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF). Each district level union with one vote each is a member of state level union and they elect the state level council. The elected state level federation's elected council hires the corporate-style outsider professionals managers to run the operation to give it the professional competitive edge.<ref name=proft1/>

* Not part of Amul structure: There are other co-operative societies in India with 4 layers which also have 4th level at national level, such as '''National Cooperative Dairy Federation of India''' ('''NCDFI''')
**4. '''National level federation of state level federations''': While Amul has 3-tier statewide structure across Gujarat state only, there are other national-level cooperative dairy organizations in India. The National Cooperative Dairy Federation of India (NCDFI) is the apex body for the country's cooperative dairy sector and is based in Anand city in Gujarat. Amul and various state-level milk co-operative of respective states are members of NCDFI, such as [[Haryana Dairy Development Cooperative Federation Ltd]] (sells products under ''"Vita"'' brand), [[Kerala Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation]], [[Karnataka Milk Federation]], [[Mother Dairy]] in Delhi, etc. All these were developed with the help of [[National Dairy Development Board]]. Similarly, there are [[Amul#Coop|several other hierarchical co-operative societies in India]] focused on various other products, such as [[Coffee Board of India|coffee]], [[Coconut Development Board|Cocconut]], [[Coir Board of India|coir]], [[Spices Board of India|spices]], [[Tea Board of India|tea]], and many more.

==Processing==

Amul has several plants for processing dairy products.

In 2025, Amul's Sabar Dairy Plant at [[Haryana_State_Industrial_and_Infrastructure_Development_Corporation#Industrial_estates_and_townships|IMT Rohtak]] in [[Haryana]] state was expanded making it India's largest processing plant for curd, buttermilk, and yoghurt catering for the Haryana, Delhi-NCR, and northern India region. In 2025, every day it processes 150 mt (metric ton) curd, 10 mt yoghurt, 10 mt sweets, and 3 mt of buttermilk. In 2025, [[Central_Institute_for_Research_on_Buffaloes#Milk_products|Haryana was India's third largest producer of milk]] (122.2 lakh tonnes per year) with highest per capita milk availability in India (1,105 grams per day).<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/sabar-dairy-expansion-a-milestone-for-haryana-amit-shah-10285640/ Sabar Dairy expansion a milestone for Haryana: Amit Shah], Indian Express, 3 Oct 2025.</ref>

==Partnerships==

Amul has entered into partnerships with cooperative organisations internationally. In May 2024, it signed an agreement to market Amul-branded fresh milk in the United States in collaboration with the Michigan Milk Producers Association, using locally produced milk and Amul formulations.<ref>{{cite news |last=Langa |first=Mahesh |title=Amul goes to U.S., partners Michigan milk producers’ body to sell fresh milk |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/amul-goes-to-us-partners-michigan-milk-producers-body-to-sell-fresh-milk/article68197242.ece |work=The Hindu |date=20 May 2024 |access-date=28 February 2026}}</ref>

In June 2025, the cooperative launched Amul milk in Spain through a partnership with a Spanish dairy cooperative.<ref>{{cite news |title=GCMMF launches Amul Milk in Spain |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/gcmmf-launches-amul-milk-in-spain/articleshow/121626489.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=4 June 2025 |access-date=28 February 2026}}</ref>
==Marketing==

{{See also|Amul girl}}
In 1966, Amul hired Sylvester daCunha, the managing director of an advertising agency, to design an ad campaign for Amul Butter. DaCunha created an operation consisting of a series of hoardings featuring topical ads related to day-to-day issues.<ref name="amulad">{{cite web|last=Varma|first=Mini|title=The moppet who put Amul on India's breakfast table|url=http://www.amul.com/story.html|publisher=Amul|access-date=2 February 2011|archive-date=13 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613085925/http://www.amul.com/story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was popular and earned a Guinness World Record for the longest-running ad campaign in the world. In the 1980s, cartoon artist Kumar Morey and scriptwriter Bharat Dabholkar were involved in sketching the Amul ads; the latter rejected the trend of using celebrities in advertisement campaigns. Dabholkar credited chairman Verghese Kurien with creating a free atmosphere that fostered the development of the ads.<ref name="hindudabholkar">{{cite news|last=Rao|first=Subha J.|title=Punch guru|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2007/12/15/stories/2007121551330100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108194414/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2007/12/15/stories/2007121551330100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 November 2012|access-date=2 February 2011|date=15 December 2007|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

Despite encountering political pressure on several occasions, daCunha's agency has made it a policy not to back down. Some of the more controversial Amul ads include one commenting on the Naxalite uprising in West Bengal, one on the Indian Airlines employees' strike, and one depicting the Amul girl wearing a Gandhi cap.

In 2013, Amul tweeted a picture featuring the [[Amul girl|Amul Butter Girl]], implying that "freedom of choice" died in 2013, in opposition to the [[Supreme Court of India]] overruling the judgment of the [[Delhi High Court|High Court of Delhi]] and criminalising [[homosexuality]] again.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Brands-peek-out-of-the-closet/articleshow/27248253.cms | work=The Times of India | title=Brands peek out of the closet – The Times of India | access-date=28 March 2014 | archive-date=13 December 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213015210/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Brands-peek-out-of-the-closet/articleshow/27248253.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>

On 17 October 2016, the Amul Butter Girl celebrated 50 years since she first appeared in the topical ad, titled "Thoroughbred". The ad showed a jockey holding a slice of bread during the horse race season in 1966. The impish Amul girl had appeared for the first time even before that, with Eustace Fernandez showing her offering bedtime prayers with a wink and a lick of lips, saying "Give us this day our daily bread: with Amul butter".<ref>{{cite web |date=16 October 2016 |title=In pics Fifty years on, Amul's 'utterly butterly' girl is still a delight |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-pics-fifty-years-on-amul-s-utterly-butterly-girl-is-still-a-delight/story-jY5tN55PJQh6b5Ftcbzb5J.html |website=Hindustan Times |publisher= |access-date=23 January 2023 |archive-date=23 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123145835/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-pics-fifty-years-on-amul-s-utterly-butterly-girl-is-still-a-delight/story-jY5tN55PJQh6b5Ftcbzb5J.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Their ad on ''Aagey Badhta Hai India'' had an excellent response from the audience. It spoke about how their milk is seen as a household product, with a catchy tune associated with it. It has over 39 lakh (3.9 million) views on YouTube.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/zIQTwukIDyg Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200708195023/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIQTwukIDyg Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Citation|last=Amul The Taste of India|title=Amul Milk – Aage Badta Hai India|date=10 July 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIQTwukIDyg|access-date=9 April 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In February 2020, Amul posted a picture of the Amul girl treating [[Joaquin Phoenix]] with butter after his academy award win for his role in the 2019 film, [[Joker (2019 film)|''Joker'']].<ref>{{cite web |date=12 February 2020 |title=Amul smears butter on vegan Joaquin Phoenix's face in an ad celebrating Oscar win, gets slammed by PETA |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/hollywood/amul-smears-butter-on-vegan-joaquin-phoenix-s-face-in-ad-celebrating-oscar-win-gets-slammed-by-peta/story-Fx77XbHBFcolop5LYcY7mM.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212132923/https://www.hindustantimes.com/hollywood/amul-smears-butter-on-vegan-joaquin-phoenix-s-face-in-ad-celebrating-oscar-win-gets-slammed-by-peta/story-Fx77XbHBFcolop5LYcY7mM.html |archive-date=12 February 2020 |access-date=3 May 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |publisher=Indo Asian News Service |language=en}}</ref> Since Phoenix is a vegan, Amul faced criticism from vegans in India and PETA for the poor knowledge of his vegan activism and life.

In July 2024, Amul featured [[Maya Neelakantan]], a ten-year-old guitar prodigy who auditioned for [[America's Got Talent season 19|''America's Got Talent'' season 19]] in June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baruah |first=Akashdeep |date=2024-07-08 |title=Amul pays tribute to 'Rock Goddess' Maya Neelakantan - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/amul-tribute-rock-goddess-maya-neelakantan-americas-got-talent-papa-roach-last-resort-19439882.htm |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
The White Revolution inspired filmmaker [[Shyam Benegal]] to base his 1976 film ''[[Manthan]]'' on it. The film was financed by over five lakh (half a million) rural farmers in Gujarat, who contributed ₹2 each to its budget. Upon its release, these farmers went in truckloads to watch 'their' film, making it a commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-08-08 |title=Phalke award for Benegal |url=http://www.ndtvmovies.com/newstory.asp?section=Movies&id=ENTEN20070021927 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719065444/http://www.ndtvmovies.com/movie_Story.aspx?id=ENTEN20070021927&keyword=&subcatg= |archive-date=2011-07-19 |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manas: Culture, Indian Cinema- Shyam Benegal |url=http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Culture/Cinema/Benegal.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805163057/http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Culture/Cinema/Benegal.html |archive-date=2012-08-05 |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=www.sscnet.ucla.edu}}</ref> ''Manthan'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Hindi Feature Film]] during the [[24th National Film Awards]] in 1977.

== See also ==

* Other milk cooperatives in India
** [[Aavin]], of Tamil Nadu state
** [[Haryana Dairy Development Cooperative Federation Ltd|Vita]], of Haryana state
** ** [[Kerala Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation|Milma]], of Kerala

{{anchor|Coop}}
* [[Cooperative movement in India]]
** [[Coffee Board of India]]
** [[Coconut Development Board]]
** [[Coir Board of India]]
** [[Spices Board of India]]
** [[Tea Board of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Amul}}
* {{Official|https://amul.com/|name=Official website}}
{{Dairy Industry in India}}
[[Category:Cooperatives in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies established in 1946]]
[[Category:Companies based in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Ice cream brands]]
[[Category:Economy of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Dairy products companies of India]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1946]]
[[Category:Dairy cooperatives in India]]
[[Category:Brand name dairy products]]
[[Category:Dairy farming in India]]
[[Category:Agricultural cooperatives in India]]
[[Category:Asian chocolate bars]]

Jogiya (raga)

2026-03-08T00:13:43Z

Sahadathossain: rework details further and cleaned formatting after review

{{Short description|Raga in Hindustani classical music, based on Bhairav Thaat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox raga
| name = Jogiya
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| thaat = [[Bhairav (thaat)|Bhairav]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tanarang.com/english/jogiya_eng.htm|title=Raag Jogiya - Indian Classical Music - Tanarang.com|website=www.tanarang.com|access-date=18 November 2015|archive-date=18 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118235236/http://www.tanarang.com/english/jogiya_eng.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
| type = Audhav - Shadhav<ref name="auto"/>
| time = Dawn time (Brahma Muhurt) <ref name="auto"/>
| season =
| arohana = {{ubl|{{svaraH|S|r|m|P|d|N|S’}}|{{svaraH|S|r|m|P|d|S'}}}}<ref name="auto"/>
| avarohana = {{ubl|{{svaraH|S'|N|d|P|m|r|S}}|{{svaraH|S'|N|d|P|d|m|r|S}}}}<ref name="auto"/>
| vadi = Ma <ref name="auto"/>
| samavadi = Sa <ref name="auto"/>
| pakad = {{svaraH|r|m|m|m|P|d|P|d|N|d|P|P|d|m|r|S}}<ref name="auto"/>
| chalan = {{svaraH|r|m|m|m|P|d|P|d|N|d|P|P|d|m|r|S}}<ref name="auto"/>
| synonym =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}

'''Jogiya''', or '''Jogia''', is a [[raga]] in [[Hindustani classical music]]. It is based on [[Bhairav (thaat)|Bhairav]] Thaat.<ref name="auto"/> It is played at the 1st Prahar of the day, dawn time ([[Brahma Muhurt]]).<ref name="auto"/> The name Jogiya came from Jogi, a colloquial version of the word [[yogi]].<ref name="auto"/>

==Nature==
It lacks Ga. Re-ma and Dha-ma are frequently rendered in Meend.

==Raga description==

Madhyam is powerful, a nyas Swar as well as a Vadi Swara. Jogiya has Rishabha and Dhaivata Komal like Raag Bhairav, however they are not oscillated here (Andolit). In Avroh, Shuddha Nishad is Alp and is always used as a Kan Swar of Komal Dhaivat like: S' (N)d P. Sometimes Komal Nishad is also used as a Kan Swar with Komal Dhaivat like: M P d (n)d M; M r S to enhance the beauty of this Raag. r-M and d-M are rendered in Meend.<ref name="auto"/>

==See also ==
* [[Kirtan]]
* [[Tala (music)|Taal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tanarang.com/english/jogiya_eng.htm Raag Jogiya at Tanarang]

{{Hindustani Classical Music page end}}
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}
{{Sikh Ragas}}

[[Category:Ragas in the Guru Granth Sahib]]
[[Category:Hindustani ragas]]

{{India-music-stub}}
{{sikh-stub}}

Akshay Kumar

2026-03-05T18:29:19Z

Sahadathossain: updated layout also and cleaned formatting after review

{{Short description|Indian actor and film producer (born 1967)}}
{{Redirect|Khiladi Kumar|other use|Khiladi (disambiguation){{!}}Khiladi}}
{{Other people}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{protection padlock|reason=Persistent [[BP:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]]|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Akshay Kumar
| image = Akshay Kumar National Award for Padman (cropped).jpg
| caption = Kumar in 2019
| image_size =
| birth_name = Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1967|09|09}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], India
| other_names =
| citizenship = {{ubl|India (1967–2011; 2023–present)|Canada (2011–2023)<ref name="HT_15Aug2023" />}}
| education =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|film producer}}
| years_active = 1991–present
| works = [[Akshay Kumar filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Twinkle Khanna]]|2001}}
| children = 2
| relatives = [[List of Hindi film families#Khanna-Kapadia-Bhatia family|Khanna family]] (by marriage)
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Akshay Kumar|Full list]]
| honours = [[Padma Shri]] (2009)
| website =
| signature = AkshayKumarSignature.png
}}

'''Akshay Hari Om Bhatia'''<ref name="HT_15Aug2023" /> (born '''Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia'''; 9 September 1967<ref name=birth>{{cite book |title=Britannica Book of the Year 2010|editor1-last=Sparks|editor1-first=Karen Jacobs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeKbAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 |date=2010 |location=Chicago |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]], Inc. |isbn=978-1-61535-366-8 |oclc=799040256 |pages=95 |access-date=23 October 2016 |archive-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715110711/http://books.google.com/books?id=QeKbAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 |url-status=live}}</ref>), known professionally as '''Akshay Kumar''' ({{IPA|hi|əkˈʂəj kʊˈmaːɾ|pron}}), is an Indian actor and film producer working in [[Hindi cinema]]. Referred to in the media as "Khiladi Kumar",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kala |first=Anusha |date=9 September 2022 |title=Decoding Akshay Kumar: We break down the evolution of Khiladi Kumar on his birthday {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/decoding-akshay-kumar-we-break-down-the-evolution-of-khiladi-kumar-on-his-birthday-55405.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909130730/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/decoding-akshay-kumar-we-break-down-the-evolution-of-khiladi-kumar-on-his-birthday-55405.html |archive-date=9 September 2022 |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/khiladi-kumar-completes-30-years-on-screen-photogallery/cid/1863550 |title=Khiladi Kumar completes 30 years on screen |access-date=29 October 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029133117/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/khiladi-kumar-completes-30-years-on-screen-photogallery/cid/1863550 |url-status=live}}</ref> through his career spanning over 30 years, Kumar has appeared in [[Akshay Kumar filmography|over 150]] films and has won [[List of awards and nominations received by Akshay Kumar|several awards]], including two [[National Film Awards]] and two [[Filmfare Awards]]. He received the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian honour, from the [[Government of India]] in 2009. Kumar is one of the most prolific actors in [[Indian cinema]].<ref>*{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/akshay-kumar-might-well-be-the-new-king-of-bollywood-here-is-why-3005752/ |title=Akshay Kumar might well be the new king of Bollywood. Here is why |work=The Indian Express |date=31 August 2016 |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831093438/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/akshay-kumar-might-well-be-the-new-king-of-bollywood-here-is-why-3005752/ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/every-6-out-of-10-akshay-kumar-films-are-hits-his-ridiculously-high-success-rate-in-graphs/story-4N0PaZpzZHwmm6fEjdKpyM.html |title=10 years, 37 films: Akshay Kumar's ridiculously high success rate in graphs |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 August 2017 |access-date= 12 August 2017 |archive-date= 12 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170812190955/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/every-6-out-of-10-akshay-kumar-films-are-hits-his-ridiculously-high-success-rate-in-graphs/story-4N0PaZpzZHwmm6fEjdKpyM.html |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>*{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/akshay-kumar-might-well-be-the-new-king-of-bollywood-here-is-why-3005752/ |title=Akshay Kumar might well be the new king of Bollywood. Here is why |work=The Indian Express |date=31 August 2016 |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831093438/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/akshay-kumar-might-well-be-the-new-king-of-bollywood-here-is-why-3005752/ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/hit-count-actor.php |title=Hit Count Actor All Time |date=15 July 2016 |access-date= 15 July 2016 |archive-date= 12 July 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160712185744/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/hit-count-actor.php |url-status= dead}}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Akshay-Kumar-now-worth-Rs-2-000-crore/Article1-1013368.aspx |title=Akshay Kumar now worth Rs 2,000 crore |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=18 February 2013 |access-date=9 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219220814/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Akshay-Kumar-now-worth-Rs-2-000-crore/Article1-1013368.aspx |archive-date=19 February 2013}}
* {{cite news |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5792 |title=Akshay Kumar Has A Historic Year |website=[[Box Office India]] |publisher=Box Office India Trade Network |date=8 January 2019 |access-date=8 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226204807/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5792 |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' included Kumar in their lists of both highest-paid celebrities and highest-paid actors in the world from 2015 to 2020.<ref>List of highest-paid celebrities by ''Forbes'':
* {{cite news |last1=Greenburg |first1=Zack O'Malley |title=Celebrity 100: The World's Highest-Paid Superstars Of 2015 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/06/29/celebrity-100-the-worlds-highest-paid-superstars-of-2015/?sh=5c8c17c73337 |work=Forbes |date=2015 |language=en |access-date=11 October 2022 |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011195455/https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/06/29/celebrity-100-the-worlds-highest-paid-superstars-of-2015/?sh=5c8c17c73337 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite news |last1=Greenburg |first1=Zack O'Malley |title=Full List: The World's Highest-Paid Celebrities Of 2016 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2016/07/13/full-list-the-worlds-highest-paid-celebrities-of-2016/?sh=44ca7d35d9c2 |work=Forbes |date=2016 |language=en |access-date=11 October 2022 |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011195500/https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2016/07/13/full-list-the-worlds-highest-paid-celebrities-of-2016/?sh=44ca7d35d9c2 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite news |last1=Greenburg |first1=Zack O'Malley |title=Full List: The World's Highest-Paid Celebrities 2017 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2017/06/12/full-list-the-worlds-highest-paid-celebrities-2017/?sh=4c97afa949ec |work=Forbes |language=en |access-date=11 October 2022 |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011195057/https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2017/06/12/full-list-the-worlds-highest-paid-celebrities-2017/?sh=4c97afa949ec |url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/5b7b16ada7ea43757f2cb680/the-worlds-highest-paid-a/|title=The World's Highest-Paid Actors 2018 |website=[[Forbes]] | access-date=10 October 2022 | archive-date=16 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016023357/https://www.forbes.com/pictures/5b7b16ada7ea43757f2cb680/the-worlds-highest-paid-a/amp/ | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>List of highest-paid actors by ''Forbes'':
* {{cite web |last1=Berg |first1=Madeline |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2019/08/21/the-highest-paid-actors-2019-dwayne-johnson-bradley-cooper-and-chris-hemsworth/ |title=The Highest-Paid Actors 2019: Dwayne Johnson, Bradley Cooper and Chris Hemsworth |website=[[Forbes]] | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=9 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009091849/https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2019/08/21/the-highest-paid-actors-2019-dwayne-johnson-bradley-cooper-and-chris-hemsworth/amp/ | url-status=live}}</ref> Between 2019 and 2020, he was the only Indian on both lists.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Basu |first1=Nilanjana |title=Akshay Kumar Is The Only Indian On Forbes 2020 List Of 100 Highest-Paid Celebs, Just Like Last Year |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-is-the-only-indian-on-forbes-2020-list-of-100-highest-paid-celebs-just-like-last-year-2241085 |access-date=11 October 2022 |work=NDTV.com |date=5 June 2020 |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011202457/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-is-the-only-indian-on-forbes-2020-list-of-100-highest-paid-celebs-just-like-last-year-2241085 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Basu |first1=Nilanjana |title=Akshay Kumar Is The Only Bollywood Celeb On Forbes List Of 10 Highest Paid Actors |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-is-the-only-bollywood-celeb-on-forbes-list-of-10-highest-paid-actors-2278190 |access-date=11 October 2022 |work=NDTV.com |date=12 August 2020 |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011194315/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-is-the-only-bollywood-celeb-on-forbes-list-of-10-highest-paid-actors-2278190 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kaushik">{{Cite news |title=Akshay Kumar Only Bollywood Star On Forbes List Of Highest-paid Actors |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/akshay-kumar-only-bollywood-star-on-forbes-list-of-highestpaid-actors/61627/1 |first=Mansvini |last=Kaushik |access-date=3 January 2021 |work=Forbes India |language=en |date=13 August 2020 |archive-date=25 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225091858/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/akshay-kumar-only-bollywood-star-on-forbes-list-of-highestpaid-actors/61627/1 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Kumar was awarded the highest tax payer "Sanman Patra" for consecutively paying the highest tax as an individual for the past five years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highest Taxpayer in India: Top 10 Highest Tax Paying Companies and Celebrities in FY 2024 |url=https://cleartax.in/s/highest-tax-payer-in-india |access-date=3 October 2025 |website=cleartax |language=en}}</ref>

Kumar began his career in 1991 with ''[[Saugandh (1991 film)|Saugandh]]'' and had his first commercial success a year later with the action thriller ''[[Khiladi (1992 film)|Khiladi]]''. The film established him as an [[action hero|action star]] in the 1990s and led to several films in the [[Khiladi (franchise)|''Khiladi'' film series]], in addition to other action films such as ''[[Mohra]]'' (1994) and ''[[Jaanwar (1999 film)|Jaanwar]]'' (1999). Although his early tryst with romance in ''[[Yeh Dillagi]]'' (1994) was positively received, it was in the next decade that Kumar expanded his range of roles. He gained recognition for the romantic films ''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]'' (2000), ''[[Andaaz]]'' (2003), ''[[Namastey London]]'' (2007), and for his [[slapstick]] comic performances in several films including ''[[Hera Pheri (2000 film)|Hera Pheri]]'' (2000), ''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]'' (2004), ''[[Phir Hera Pheri]]'' (2006), ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]]'' (2007), and ''[[Singh Is Kinng]]'' (2008). Kumar won Filmfare Awards for his negative role in ''[[Ajnabee (2001 film)|Ajnabee]]'' (2001) and his comic performance in ''[[Garam Masala (2005 film)|Garam Masala]]'' (2005).

While his career had fluctuated commercially, his mainstream success soared in 2007 with four consecutive box-office hits; it was consistent until a short period of decline between 2009 and 2011, after which he reinforced his status with several films, including ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'' (2012) and ''[[Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty|Holiday]]'' (2014). Moreover, around this time critical response to several of his films improved; his work in ''[[Special 26]]'' (2013), ''[[Baby (2015 Hindi film)|Baby]]'' (2015), ''[[Airlift (film)|Airlift]]'' (2016), and ''[[Jolly LLB 2]]'' (2017) was acclaimed, and he won the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] for the crime thriller ''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]'' (2016). He earned further notice for his self-produced social films ''[[Toilet: Ek Prem Katha]]'' (2017) and ''[[Pad Man (film)|Pad Man]]'' (2018), as well as the war film ''[[Kesari (2019 film)|Kesari]]'' (2019), and set box-office records in 2019 with ''Kesari'', ''[[Mission Mangal]]'', ''[[Housefull 4]]'', ''[[Good Newwz]]'', and the 2021 action film ''[[Sooryavanshi]]''. From 2022 to mid-2025, Kumar suffered a career decline with all of his films post ''Sooryavanshi'' failing at the box office, with the exception of the comedy-drama ''[[OMG 2]]'' (2023). Post mid-2025, he saw a slight career resurgence with the films ''[[Housefull 5]]'' (2025) and ''[[Jolly LLB 3]]'' (2025), both of which were moderately successful at the box office.<ref name="boxoffww">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2023/|title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide 2023|access-date=16 August 2023|website=Bollywood Hungama|archive-date=26 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126125943/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2023/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In addition to acting, Kumar has worked as a [[Stunt performer|stunt actor]].{{efn| has often performed stunts in his films, which has earned him the sobriquet "Indian [[Jackie Chan]]".<ref name="Chan">{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar meets Jackie Chan in Hong Kong |date=20 May 2004 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-business-talk/2004-starts-on-a-grim-note/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210042549/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2004/05/20/1112/index.html |archive-date=10 December 2008 |url-status=live |access-date=11 April 2011}}</ref>}} In 2008, he started hosting ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi]]'', which he did for four seasons. He also launched the TV reality show ''[[Dare 2 Dance]]'' in 2014 and his off-screen work includes ownership of the team Khalsa Warriors in the [[World Kabaddi League]]. The actor had also set up [[martial arts]] training schools for women safety in the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-to-expand-his-martial-arts-training-centre/articleshow/52556438.cms |title=Akshay Kumar to expand his martial arts training centre |website=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=10 November 2022 | archive-date=10 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110025101/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-to-expand-his-martial-arts-training-centre/articleshow/52556438.cms | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-to-set-up-more-branches-of-his-training-school/ |title=Akshay Kumar to set up more branches of his training school |date=12 April 2015 | access-date=10 November 2022 | archive-date=10 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110025101/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-to-set-up-more-branches-of-his-training-school/ | url-status=live}}</ref> Kumar is one of the India's most [[philanthropic]] actor and supports various charities. He is a [[brand]] endorser celebrity in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/akshay-kumar/?sh=2c77ec0f587b |title=Akshay Kumar |website=[[Forbes]] | access-date=7 March 2023 | archive-date=7 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307141038/https://www.forbes.com/profile/akshay-kumar/?sh=2c77ec0f587b | url-status=live}}</ref> From 2011 to 2023, he was a citizen of [[Canada]].<ref name=National-Post-21-May-2019 /><ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar renounces Canadian citizenship, becomes Indian national again |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1054359/akshay-kumar-renounces-canadian-citizenship-becomes-indian-national |access-date=15 August 2023 |date=15 August 2023 |archive-date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815095321/https://scroll.in/latest/1054359/akshay-kumar-renounces-canadian-citizenship-becomes-indian-national |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar gives up Canadian citizenship, confirms registration as citizen of India: Dil aur citizenship, dono Hindustani |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-gives-up-canadian-citizenship-confirms-registration-as-citizen-of-india-dil-aur-citizenship-dono-hindustani/articleshow/102742603.cms |access-date=15 August 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=15 August 2023 |archive-date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815080017/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-gives-up-canadian-citizenship-confirms-registration-as-citizen-of-india-dil-aur-citizenship-dono-hindustani/articleshow/102742603.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Early life and background ==
Kumar was born on 9 September 1967 as Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia, in the [[Chandni Chowk]] area of [[Old Delhi]],<ref name="irfan">{{Cite AV media |title=Guftagoo with Akshay Kumar |date=3 June 2014 |publisher=[[Rajya Sabha TV]] |author=S. Irfan |work=Guftagoo |minutes=3:35 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMm3vCNC4_A |access-date=9 September 2023 |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904165516/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=pMm3vCNC4_A |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="HT_15Aug2023" />{{efn|Though ''[[Britannica]]'' denotes his birthplace as [[Amritsar]] in [[Punjab, India]].<ref name=birth />}} into a [[Punjabi Hindu]] family from [[Amritsar]], to parents Hari Om Bhatia (later Brijmohan Bhatia)<ref name="HT_15Aug2023" /> and Aruna Bhatia.<ref name="HTMKhalid">{{cite news |last1=Mohammad |first1=Khalid |title=Akshay Kumar is a Punjabi by nature |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/entertainment/akshay-kumar-is-a-punjabi-by-nature/article1-211213.aspx |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=17 June 2014 |location=Mumbai |date=22 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225000554/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Akshay-Kumar-is-a-Punjabi-by-nature/Article1-211213.aspx |archive-date=25 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="25years">{{cite web |author=Verma, Sukanya |title=40 things you didn't know about Akki |date=5 September 2007 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/sep/05akshay.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=14 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219044744/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/sep/05akshay.htm |archive-date=19 February 2008}}</ref> His father was an [[Indian Army]] officer.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Ritika Handoo |title=Lesser known facts about Akshay Kumar |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/lesser-known-facts-about-akshay-kumar_1668704.html |access-date=5 May 2016 |work=Zee News |date=8 September 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210645/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/lesser-known-facts-about-akshay-kumar_1668704.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

From a young age, Kumar was very interested in sports, and his father also enjoyed wrestling. He lived and grew up in Delhi's Chandni Chowk and later moved to [[Bombay, Maharashtra]], when his father left the Army to become an accountant with [[UNICEF]].<ref name="irfan" /> Soon, his sister was born, and the family lived in [[Guru Tegh Bahadur Nagar|Koliwada]], a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] dominated area of Central Bombay.<ref name="HTMKhalid" />

He received his school education from [[Don Bosco High School, Matunga|Don Bosco High School]] in [[Matunga]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Notable Alumni {{!}} Don Bosco High School |url=https://donboscomatunga.com/alumni/notable-alumni/ |website=donboscomatunga.com |access-date=6 June 2020 |archive-date=17 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817202648/https://donboscomatunga.com/alumni/notable-alumni/ |url-status=live }}</ref> simultaneously learning Karate. He enrolled in the [[Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts, Science & Commerce]] of the [[University of Mumbai]] for higher education, but dropped out as he was not interested in studies. He requested his father to send him to Thailand to further learn martial arts. Kumar lived in [[Bangkok]] for five years, learning [[Thai Boxing]].<ref name="HTMKhalid" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Priya |title=I've got more than what I had ever dreamt of: Akshay Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Ive-got-more-than-what-I-had-ever-dreamt-of-Akshay-Kumar/articleshow/21776783.cms |access-date=19 August 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107054738/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Ive-got-more-than-what-I-had-ever-dreamt-of-Akshay-Kumar/articleshow/21776783.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> He also has a sister, Alka Bhatia.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/akshay-twinkle-at-pre-karva-chauth-bash-8460 |title=Akshay, Twinkle at pre-Karva Chauth bash |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=9 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524134015/http://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/akshay-twinkle-at-pre-karva-chauth-bash-8460 |archive-date=24 May 2013}}</ref>

When Kumar was a teenager, he told his father that he wanted to become an actor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unplugged: Akshay Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Unplugged-Akshay-Kumar/articleshow/4328069.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=9 October 2014 |date=21 September 2009 |archive-date=2 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702123941/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Unplugged-Akshay-Kumar/articleshow/4328069.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

After obtaining a [[Black belt (martial arts)|Black Belt]] in [[Taekwondo]] in India,<ref name="AS 2012">{{cite web |last=AS |first=Sashidhar |title=Akshay obtained a black belt in Taekwondo |website=The Times of India |date=8 September 2012 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know-/Akshay-obtained-a-black-belt-in-Taekwondo/articleshow/16312135.cms |access-date=29 November 2015 |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107054738/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know-/Akshay-obtained-a-black-belt-in-Taekwondo/articleshow/16312135.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> he studied martial arts in Bangkok, learning [[Muay Thai]], and worked as a chef and waiter.<ref name="Zee News 2015">{{cite web |title=Lesser known facts about Akshay Kumar |website=Zee News |date=8 September 2015 |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/lesser-known-facts-about-akshay-kumar_1668704.html |language=la | access-date=29 November 2015 | archive-date=4 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210645/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/lesser-known-facts-about-akshay-kumar_1668704.html | url-status=live}}</ref>

After Thailand, Kumar worked in [[Calcutta]] (present-day Kolkata) in a travel agency, in [[Dhaka]] in a hotel as a chef,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Siddique |first1=Habibulla |last2=Khan |first2=Rupak |title=He chopped vegetables in the kitchen – Akshay Kumar's brief stint in Dhaka's Purbani hotel |date=9 October 2019 |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/entertainment/purbani-bollywood-recollection-akshay-kumars-brief-spell |publisher=The Business Standard |access-date=30 July 2021 |archive-date=30 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730070814/https://www.tbsnews.net/entertainment/purbani-bollywood-recollection-akshay-kumars-brief-spell |url-status=live}}</ref> and in Delhi selling [[Kundan]] jewellery. Upon his return to Bombay, he started teaching martial arts.<ref name="irfan" />

During this time, the father of one of his students recommended Kumar to modelling, which led to an assignment for a furniture showroom. Kumar worked as an assistant for photographer [[Jayesh Sheth]] for 18 months to create his first portfolio.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay before he became a star |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/jan/07slide1-jayesh-on-akshay-kumar.htm |access-date=5 May 2016 |work=Rediff.com |archive-date=30 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330040919/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/jan/07slide1-jayesh-on-akshay-kumar.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> He also worked as a background dancer in various films.<ref>{{cite news |title=So what if I play Akshay Kumar's dad?: Jackie Shroff |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-so-what-if-i-play-akshay-kumar-s-dad-jackie-shroff-2024216 |access-date=6 November 2014 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=8 October 2014 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=11 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111122713/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-so-what-if-i-play-akshay-kumar-s-dad-jackie-shroff-2024216 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Kumar made his first screen appearance in the film [[Aaj (film)|''Aaj'']] (1987) as a Karate instructor. He later adopted the stage name Akshay Kumar, inspired by [[Kumar Gaurav (actor)|Kumar Gaurav]]'s character Akshay.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Prashant |date=29 June 2016 |title=This is how Rajiv Bhatia became Akshay Kumar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/this-is-how-rajiv-bhatia-became-akshay-kumar/story-pfXNsMo0GANSIdcV4ntTgM.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=27 October 2023 |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027141725/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/this-is-how-rajiv-bhatia-became-akshay-kumar/story-pfXNsMo0GANSIdcV4ntTgM.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

One morning, after missing a flight for an ad-shoot in [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]], Kumar visited a film studio with his portfolio. That evening, he was signed for a lead role in the movie ''[[Deedar (1992 film)|Deedar]]'' (1992) by producer Pramod Chakravarthy.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Verma |first1=Sukanya |title=Star of the Week – Akshay Kumar |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/nov/20list.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=29 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809104524/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/nov/20list.htm |archive-date=9 August 2014}}</ref>

== Film career ==

{{Main|Akshay Kumar filmography}}

=== 1991–1999: Breakthrough with action films ===

Kumar made his first appearance as the lead actor opposite [[Raakhee]] and [[Shantipriya (actress)|Shantipriya]] in ''[[Saugandh (1991 film)|Saugandh]]'' (1991). In the same year, he acted in Kishore Vyas-directed ''[[Dancer (1991 film)|Dancer]]'', which received poor reviews.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Verma |first1=Sukanya |title=The Ten Worst Films of Akshay Kumar (Dancer) |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-worst-of-akshay-kumar/20111128.htm#1 |access-date=8 November 2014 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=28 November 2011 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=14 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014194832/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-worst-of-akshay-kumar/20111128.htm#1 |url-status=live}}</ref> The following year he starred in [[Abbas Mustan]]-directed suspense thriller, ''[[Khiladi (1992 film)|Khiladi]]'', widely considered his [[breakthrough role]].<ref name="FP786">{{cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/movie-review-khiladi-786-is-a-leave-your-brains-at-home-kinda-comedy-550305.html |title=Movie review: Khiladi 786 is a leave-your-brains-at-home kinda comedy |work=[[Firstpost]] |publisher=[[Network 18]] |date=8 December 2012 |access-date=31 July 2014 |archive-date=27 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227131345/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/movie-review-khiladi-786-is-a-leave-your-brains-at-home-kinda-comedy-550305.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar- The Khiladi superstar |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/slideshow/akshay-kumar-the-khiladi-star_203.html |publisher=[[Zee News]] |access-date=2 August 2014 |archive-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808053610/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/slideshow/akshay-kumar-the-khiladi-star_203.html |url-status=live}}</ref> A review in ''[[The Indian Express]]'' called the film "an engrossing thriller" and described Kumar as impressive in the lead part, noting his physical appearance, strong screen presence, and commending him for being "perfectly at ease".<ref>{{cite news |author1=PR |title=Engrossing Thriller |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j39lAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7 |access-date=31 October 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=10 July 1992 |language=en |quote=In the lead role Akshay Kumar is impressive as Raaj. Tall, with a good physique and a strong screen presence, he is perfectly at ease. |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126173126/https://books.google.com/books?id=j39lAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> His next release was the [[Raj Sippy]]-directed detective film ''[[Mr. Bond]]'', based on [[James Bond]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bombay Bond – Akshay Kumar to play lead in Raj Sippy's film Mr Bond |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/19910930-akshay-kumar-to-play-lead-in-raj-sippy-film-mr-bond-814855-1991-09-29 |access-date=8 November 2014 |work=[[India Today]] |date=30 September 1991 |archive-date=13 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113040429/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/akshay-kumar-to-play-lead-in-raj-sippy-film-mr-bond/1/318818.html |url-status=live}}</ref> His last release of 1992 was ''[[Deedar (1992 film)|Deedar]]''. It failed to perform well at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Srinivasan |first1=V S |title=Akki up front |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/aug/10akki.htm |access-date=8 November 2014 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=11 August 1998 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924123351/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/aug/10akki.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1993, he acted in the [[Keshu Ramsay]]-directed bilingual film ''[[Ashaant]]'' alongside [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Dr. Vishnuvardhan]] and [[Ashwini Bhave]]. Almost all of his films released during 1993, including ''[[Dil Ki Baazi]]'', ''[[Kayda Kanoon]]'' and ''[[Sainik]]'' did not perform well commercially.<ref name="Slide6" /> In 1994, he appeared in 11 feature films.<ref name="maxmrelease">{{cite news |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/4327 |title=After 20 years, Akshay to set new record with Special Chabbis |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=22 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203064510/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/4327 |archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref> He played a police inspector in two films: Sameer Malkan's ''[[Main Khiladi Tu Anari]]'' and [[Rajiv Rai]]'s ''[[Mohra]]'', both among the highest-grossing films of the year.<ref name="1994 BO">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=200&catName=MTk5NA== |title=Box Office 1994 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=14 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404040854/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=200&catName=MTk5NA%3D%3D&PHPSESSID=dfc0170bd04e78fc807ed337537b9c9f |archive-date=4 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Further success came later that year when he starred in [[Yash Chopra]]-produced romance ''[[Yeh Dillagi]]'', opposite [[Kajol]]. One of the year's biggest mainstream successes, both the film and his performance were received well by critics, with ''The Indian Express'' describing him as "always dependable" and singling out his performance.<ref>{{cite news |author1=PR |title=Gentle comedy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nX1lAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA6 |access-date=31 October 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=3 June 1994 |pages=6 |language=en |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126173124/https://books.google.com/books?id=nX1lAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> His work in the film earned him his first nomination for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] at the Filmfare Awards<ref>{{cite news |title=The nominations-1994 |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368622.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103094834/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368622.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 |work=[[Times Internet|The Times of India]] |access-date=27 August 2014}}</ref> and the [[Screen Awards]].<ref name="Slide6">{{cite web |title=Akshay Kumar, the Entertainment Khiladi, Turns 47 (Slide 6) |work=NDTVMovies.com |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/photos/akshay-kumar-the-entertainment-khiladi-turns-47-15948/slide/6 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=6 October 2014 |archive-date=9 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009144427/http://movies.ndtv.com/photos/akshay-kumar-the-entertainment-khiladi-turns-47-15948/slide/6 |url-status=live}}</ref> During the same year, Kumar also had success with films like ''[[Suhaag (1994 film)|Suhaag]]'' and the low-budget action film ''[[Elaan (1994 film)|Elaan]]''. All these achievements established Kumar as one of the most successful actors of the year, according to ''[[Box Office India]]''.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=Top Actor |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors |access-date=14 March 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080323030211/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors&PHPSESSID=7ad4adadd9d256d7d66d404f22e56d40| archive-date= 23 March 2008 | url-status=dead}}</ref>

Kumar proved to have success with what later became known as the [[Khiladi (franchise)|''Khiladi'' series]]. He starred in the fourth and fifth action thriller films with ''Khiladi'' in the title: ''[[Sabse Bada Khiladi]]'' (1995) and ''[[Khiladiyon Ka Khiladi]]'' (1996), both directed by [[Umesh Mehra]] and released to commercial success. He played a [[dual role]] in the former.<ref>{{cite web |title=Box Office 1995 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=201&catName=MTk5NQ== |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=11 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404040900/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=201&catName=MTk5NQ%3D%3D&PHPSESSID=dfc0170bd04e78fc807ed337537b9c9f |archive-date=4 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Khiladiyon Ka Khiladi'' co-starred [[Rekha]] and [[Raveena Tandon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=202&catName=MTk5Ng== |title=Box Office 1996 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=14 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404040905/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=202&catName=MTk5Ng%3D%3D&PHPSESSID=dfc0170bd04e78fc807ed337537b9c9f |archive-date=4 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> During the film's shooting Kumar was injured, and went on to receive treatment in United States.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar, the Entertainment Khiladi, Turns 47 (Slide 8) |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/photos/akshay-kumar-the-entertainment-khiladi-turns-47-15948/slide/8 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=6 October 2014 |archive-date=9 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009142407/http://movies.ndtv.com/photos/akshay-kumar-the-entertainment-khiladi-turns-47-15948/slide/8 |url-status=live}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of ''The Indian Express'' wrote in a year-end review, "It was Akshay Kumar in ''Khiladiyon Ka Khiladi'' who packed the aisles, no doubt about it... He shoved his hair back in a slick little ponytail, much like [[Steven Seagal]], wore ankle-length great coats, wrestled with the fearsome [[Undertaker]], and walked away with the film."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Shubhra |title=Formula Fatigue |url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19961006/28050762.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970424094007/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19961006/28050762.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 April 1997 |access-date=20 April 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=24 April 1997}}</ref>

Kumar played a supporting role in Yash Chopra-directed musical romantic drama, ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]'' (1997), co-starring [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Madhuri Dixit]] and [[Karisma Kapoor]], for which he received his first nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]].<ref name="FFD">{{cite news |title=The Nominations – 1997 |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368659.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709173248/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/articleshow/368659.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 July 2012 |work=[[Times Internet|The Times of India]] |access-date=18 June 2014}}</ref> In the same year, he starred opposite [[Juhi Chawla]] in [[David Dhawan]]-directed comedy ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Khiladi]]'', fifth instalment of the ''Khiladi'' series. Unlike his previous films of the series, it failed commercially.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=203&catName=MTk5Nw== |title=Box Office 1997 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=14 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404040910/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=203&catName=MTk5Nw%3D%3D&PHPSESSID=dfc0170bd04e78fc807ed337537b9c9f |archive-date=4 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Considerable success, however, came with another dual role in the romantic action film ''[[Aflatoon (1997 film)|Aflatoon]]''. [[Khalid Mohamed]] of ''[[Filmfare]]'', while critical of the film, approved of Kumar's effort: "Akshay Kumar comes to life. Given something even slightly different to do, he does rise to the occasion."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mohamed |first1=Khalid |title=Hiss Story |url=http://www.filmfare.com/site/btalkies/bomb2.htm |work=Filmfare |publisher=Times Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991001170900/http://www.filmfare.com/site/btalkies/bomb2.htm |archive-date=1 October 1999}}</ref> His following releases failed in commercial terms and this caused a setback to his film career.<ref>{{cite news |title=I started my career with B-grade films: Akshay Kumar |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2012/akshay-kumar-b-grade-films-096240.html |publisher=[[Oneindia.in]] |access-date=17 June 2014 |date=5 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715043640/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2012/akshay-kumar-b-grade-films-096240.html |archive-date=15 July 2014}}</ref> In 1999, Kumar played opposite [[Twinkle Khanna]] in ''[[International Khiladi]]''. The film did not do well at the box office.<ref name="BO99">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=205&catName=MTk5OQ== |title=Box Office 1999 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=14 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404040915/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=205&catName=MTk5OQ%3D%3D&PHPSESSID=dfc0170bd04e78fc807ed337537b9c9f |archive-date=4 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He received critical acclaim for his roles in the films ''[[Sangharsh (1999 film)|Sangharsh]]'' and ''[[Jaanwar (1999 film)|Jaanwar]]''. While the former did not make a profit at the box office, the latter turned out to be a commercial success and marked his comeback.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-akshay-kumar-bollywoods-khiladi-turns-46/#b_id_417845_akshaysangharshjanwar |title=Happy Birthday Akshay Kumar: Bollywood's Khiladi turns 46 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher=[[Indian Express Group]] |access-date=31 July 2014 |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810223720/http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-akshay-kumar-bollywoods-khiladi-turns-46/#b_id_417845_akshaysangharshjanwar |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BO99" />

=== 2000–2011: Commercial success in comedy ===

In 2000, Kumar starred in the [[Priyadarshan]]-directed comedy ''[[Hera Pheri (2000 film)|Hera Pheri]]'' alongside [[Paresh Rawal]] and [[Suneil Shetty]]. The film which was a remake of Malayalam film ''[[Ramji Rao Speaking]]'',<ref>{{cite news |title=Siddique's not teaming up with Priyadarshan for Hera Pheri 3 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Siddiques-not-teaming-up-with-Priyadarshan-for-Hera-Pheri-3/articleshow/18046718.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 August 2014 |date=17 January 2013 |archive-date=14 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914025139/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Siddiques-not-teaming-up-with-Priyadarshan-for-Hera-Pheri-3/articleshow/18046718.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> became a commercial success<ref name="2000 BO">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=206&catName=MjAwMA== |title=Box Office 2000 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=14 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323090246/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=206&catName=MjAwMA%3D%3D |archive-date=23 March 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and proved to be a turning point in Kumar's career.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |title=Akshay Kumar teams up with Priyadarshan again |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2508177/Akshay-Kumar-teams-up-with-Priyadarshan-again |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=28 August 2014 |date=23 May 2014 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903143717/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2508177/Akshay-Kumar-teams-up-with-Priyadarshan-again |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' noted the film's "intense portrayal of the surreality of the human condition".<ref>{{cite news |author=Kumar Choudhury, Arnab |date=2000 |url=http://www.go4i.com/cinema/reviews/bollywood/reviewsbollywoodhp.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010609181551/http://www.go4i.com/cinema/reviews/bollywood/reviewsbollywoodhp.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 June 2001 |access-date=19 April 2020 |title=Hera Pheri |newspaper=Hindustan Times}}</ref> He also starred in the [[Dharmesh Darshan]]-directed romantic drama ''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]'' later that same year. The film performed moderately at the box office<ref name="2000 BO" /> but Kumar was praised for his acting.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Padmaraj |title=The good ol' 60s revisited |url=http://www.screenindia.com/20000818/freview.htm#dha |access-date=19 April 2020 |work=Screen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021007002208/http://www.screenindia.com/20000818/freview.htm#dha |date=18 August 2000 |archive-date=7 October 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Raheja |first1=Dinesh |author-link1=Dinesh Raheja |title=Dhadkan — Misses a beat |url=http://movies.india-today.com/reviews/reviewdhadkan.shtml |access-date=9 May 2020 |work=India Today |date=2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010222060827/http://movies.india-today.com/reviews/reviewdhadkan.shtml |archive-date=22 February 2001}}</ref> ''[[Rediff.com]]''{{'}}s review stated that he had proved that he is "director's actor" and that "he has worked hard on his role is apparent."<ref>{{cite web |title=The Dhadkan review |url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2000/aug/11dhad.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=27 August 2014 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903114811/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2000/aug/11dhad.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> That same year, he performed some of his most dangerous stunts in Neeraj Vora-directed action thriller ''[[Khiladi 420]]'', where he climbed a running plane, stood on top of the plane flying a thousand feet in the air, and jumped from the plane onto a hot air balloon. In a later scene, he is also seen being chased by a car, dodging bullets, jumping off buildings, and climbing walls.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar's Top 5 Stunts |publisher=[[DesiHits]] |url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/akshay-kumar-s-top-5-stunts-20100616 |access-date=11 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230148/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/akshay-kumar-s-top-5-stunts-20100616 |archive-date=2 December 2013}}</ref> His character in the film had two names and his role received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adarsh |first1=Taran |title=Movie review: Khiladi 420 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/201884 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=28 August 2014 |date=30 December 2000 |archive-date=16 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816095022/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/201884 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sukanya Verma wrote "Negative roles and Akshay Kumar don't go hand-in-hand. [...] Akshay is ridiculously over the top and irritating to the core. However, he manages a decent performance as the sober and suave Anand."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Verma |first1=Sukanya |title=Action?Thriller |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/dec/29khil.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=28 August 2014 |date=29 December 2000 |archive-date=15 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315075447/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/dec/29khil.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Padmaraj Nair of ''[[Screen India|Screen]]'', however, believed it was "the best performance of his career".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Padmaraj |title=Desi version of Surrogate Mother |url=http://www.screenindia.com/20010112/review.htm |access-date=19 April 2020 |work=Screen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021206160451/http://www.screenindia.com/20010112/review.htm |date=12 January 2001 |archive-date=6 December 2002}}</ref>

His first release in 2001 was [[Suneel Darshan]]-directed drama ''[[Ek Rishtaa: The Bond of Love]]''. Kumar was praised for his performance in the film.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Someshwar |first1=Savera R |title=Movie review: Ek Rishtaa: The Bond of Love |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/may/18rish.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=28 August 2014 |date=18 May 2001 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125229/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/may/18rish.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Next, he played a negative role in the Abbas Mustan-directed film ''[[Ajnabee (2001 film)|Ajnabee]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/news/a572942/akshay-kumar-i-want-to-do-more-villain-roles.html |title=Akshay Kumar: 'I want to do more villain roles' |work=[[Digital Spy]] |date=23 May 2014 |access-date=31 July 2014 |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810103652/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/news/a572942/akshay-kumar-i-want-to-do-more-villain-roles.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Happy Birthday Akshay Kumar: Bollywood's Khiladi turns 46 |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-akshay-kumar-bollywoods-khiladi-turns-46/#b_id_417843_akshayaankheinajnabee |work=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher=[[Indian Express Group]] |access-date=3 August 2014 |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810223720/http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-akshay-kumar-bollywoods-khiladi-turns-46/#b_id_417843_akshayaankheinajnabee |url-status=live}}</ref> While reviewing the film for Rediff.com, Sarita Tanwar termed Kumar the "surprise package" of the film. She added that he was "in total control as the bad guy."<ref>{{cite web |last=Tanwar |first=Sarita |title=The Rediff Review: Ajnabee |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/sep/20ajna.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=23 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417233043/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/sep/20ajna.htm |archive-date=17 April 2009}}</ref> The film won him his first Filmfare Award for Best Villain and IIFA award 2002 for Performance in a Negative Role.<ref name="25years" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iifa.com/city_malaysia.php |title=IIFA 2002 |access-date=21 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528050050/http://www.iifa.com/city_malaysia.php |archive-date=28 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Winners – 2001 – The 51st Filmfare Awards |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368739.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709023301/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368739.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 July 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 August 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Akshay Kumar in Sydney for Heyy Babyy.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Kumar on the sets of ''[[Heyy Babyy]]'' in [[Sydney]], 2007]]

His first release in 2002 was Dharmesh Darshan-directed romantic drama ''[[Haan Maine Bhi Pyaar Kiya]]''. He played the role as a blind man in [[Vipul Amrutlal Shah]] and Shaarang Dev Pandit-directed [[heist film]] ''[[Aankhen (2002 film)|Aankhen]]'', co-starring [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Arjun Rampal]], [[Aditya Pancholi]], [[Sushmita Sen]] and Paresh Rawal. His performance in the film was critically acclaimed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aankhen |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/reviews/type/view/id/735/Aankhen |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=27 August 2014 |date=5 April 2002 |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810164130/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/reviews/type/view/id/735/Aankhen |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Aankhen takes you on a roller-coaster ride |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/coventry/films/reviews/a_f/aankhen-review.shtml |publisher=BBC |access-date=27 August 2014 |date=12 April 2002 |archive-date=28 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028234118/http://www.bbc.co.uk/coventry/films/reviews/a_f/aankhen-review.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ganapati |first1=Priya |title=Movie review: Aankhen |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/apr/05aank.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=28 August 2014 |date=5 April 2002 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130453/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/apr/05aank.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Next, he starred in the [[Vikram Bhatt]]-directed comedy ''[[Awara Paagal Deewana]]''. Rediff.com's review of the film mentioned that his sincerity and intensity seen in ''Hera Pheri'', ''Ek Rishtaa – The Bond of Love'' and ''Aankhen'' "seems missing".<ref>{{cite web |author=Anjum, N |title=Akshay, Sunil, Aftab's star power fails, Paresh Rawal steals the show |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/21apd.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=28 August 2014 |date=21 June 2002 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924141728/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/21apd.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> His last film of the year was [[Rajkumar Kohli]]-directed [[supernatural horror film]] {{lang|hi-latn|[[Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani]]}} alongside [[Manisha Koirala]], [[Sunil Shetty]], [[Sunny Deol]], [[Aftab Shivdasani]], [[Arshad Warsi]], Aditya Pancholi and [[Armaan Kohli]]. The film was a remake of Kohli's former film ''Naagin'' and received mostly negative reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Ronjita |title=Jaani Dushman – Ek Anokhi torture |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/aug/17jaani.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=28 August 2014 |date=17 August 2002 |archive-date=12 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512084737/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/aug/17jaani.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Movie Review: Jaani Dushman – Ek Anokhi Kahani |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood/preview.php?ctid=5&cid=2425&id=11829641 |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=28 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908073530/http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood/preview.php?ctid=5&cid=2425&id=11829641 |archive-date=8 September 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Taran Adarsh wrote "only Munish[Armaan] Kohli and Akshay Kumar leave an impact."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adarsh |first1=Taran |title=Movie review: Jaani Dushman |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/539470 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=28 August 2014 |date=16 August 2002 |archive-date=19 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719083537/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/539470 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2003, he starred in Suneel Darshan's action film ''[[Talaash: The Hunt Begins...]]'' opposite [[Kareena Kapoor]]. While reviewing the film, Taran Adarsh wrote "Akshay Kumar is plain mediocre. The role hardly offers him scope to try out anything different."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adarsh |first1=Taran |title=Movie review: Talaash... The Hunt Begins |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/reviews/type/view/id/923/Talaash...%20The%20Hunt%20Begins |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=28 August 2014 |date=3 January 2003 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903143630/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/reviews/type/view/id/923/Talaash...%20The%20Hunt%20Begins |url-status=dead}}</ref> Next, he starred in [[Raj Kanwar]]-directed romantic drama ''[[Andaaz]]'' alongside [[Lara Dutta]] and [[Priyanka Chopra]]. The film received mixed reviews from critics,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Magotra |first1=Ashish |title='Andaaz': Flight to boredom |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/may/23andaaz.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=24 May 2003 |archive-date=27 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227100804/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/may/23andaaz.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Shah |first1=Kunal |title=Andaaz: Old story, fresh faces |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/andaaz-old-story-fresh-faces-review-bollywood-13157317.html |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=30 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329142128/http://www.sify.com/movies/andaaz-old-story-fresh-faces-review-bollywood-13157317.html |archive-date=29 March 2014}}</ref> but turned out to be a commercial success at the box office and the first universal hit of 2003.<ref>{{cite web |title=Box Office 2003 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=209&catName=MjAwMw== |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=30 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121000737/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=209&catName=MjAwMw%3D%3D |archive-date=21 January 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Adarsh |first1=Taran |title='Andaaz' Celebrations: Rocking |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/news/type/view/id/1192968 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=29 August 2003 |archive-date=16 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016185910/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/news/type/view/id/1192968 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2004 Kumar starred in [[Rajkumar Santoshi]]'s action drama thriller ''[[Khakee (film)|Khakee]]'' alongside Amitabh Bachchan, [[Ajay Devgn]] and [[Aishwarya Rai]]. Kumar played the role of Inspector Shekhar Verma, a corrupt, morally bankrupt cop who changes himself during a mission to transfer an accused [[Inter-Services Intelligence|Pakistani spy]] Dr. Iqbal Ansari (played by [[Atul Kulkarni (actor born 1965)|Atul Kulkarni]]) from a remote town in [[Maharashtra]] to Mumbai. The film and Kumar's acting were positively reviewed by critics.<ref>{{cite news |title=Khakee |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2004/02/06/stories/2004020601230302.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |publisher=[[The Hindu Group]] |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=6 February 2004 |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107054738/http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2004/02/06/stories/2004020601230302.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Verma |first1=Sukanya |title=Khakee is money's worth. What more do you want? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jan/23khakee.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=24 January 2004 |archive-date=25 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125031352/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jan/23khakee.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elley |first1=Derek |title=Review: 'Khakee' |url=https://variety.com/2004/film/reviews/khakee-1200536726/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=31 January 2014 |archive-date=4 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904174851/http://variety.com/2004/film/reviews/khakee-1200536726/ |url-status=live}}</ref> He was nominated for the Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award for his role in the film.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roy |first1=Deb |title=10 Best Action Movies of Akshay Kumar (Slide 1) |date=15 October 2013 |url=http://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/top-10s/20760-10-best-action-movies-of-akshay-kumar-p1.html |publisher=MensXP.com |access-date=5 October 2014 |archive-date=12 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912191002/http://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/top-10s/20760-10-best-action-movies-of-akshay-kumar-p1.html |url-status=live}}</ref> His other releases included Dileep Shukla's crime film ''[[Police Force: An Inside Story]]''. He starred alongside Raveena Tandon, [[Amrish Puri]] and [[Raj Babbar]]. The film's production was delayed following the break-up of the lead actors Tandon and Kumar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akki, Raveena join forces! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/feb/13look.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=16 February 2004 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903120622/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/feb/13look.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Upon release it received negative reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adarsh |first1=Taran |title=Movie review : Police Force |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/reviews/type/view/id/956/Police%20Force |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=28 May 2004 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903144811/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/reviews/type/view/id/956/Police%20Force |url-status=dead}}</ref> Next, Kumar played Hari Om Patnaik, an [[Indian Police Services|IPS]] officer in [[Madhur Bhandarkar]]-directed ''[[Aan: Men at Work]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fernandes |first1=Vivek |title=Akshay: It's payback time! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/may/27akshay.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=27 May 2004 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903120631/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/may/27akshay.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> He starred in David Dhawan-directed romantic comedy ''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]'' alongside [[Salman Khan]] and Priyanka Chopra. He played the role of Sunny, Sameer (played by Khan)'s roommate who pursuits Rani (played by Chopra)-Sameer's love interest. The film received positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Verma |first1=Sukanya |title='Mujhse Shaadi Karogi' is another 'Main Hoon Na' |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jul/30mujhse.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=30 July 2004 |archive-date=1 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101214911/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jul/30mujhse.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Taran Adarsh praised Kumar and wrote "Akshay Kumar is a revelation [...] he surpasses his previous work. His timing is fantastic and the conviction with which he carries off the evil streak in his personality is bound to be talked-about in days to come."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adarsh |first1=Taran |title=Mujhse Shaadi Karogi |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/54557 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=28 July 2004 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075221/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/54557 |url-status=dead}}</ref> His performance in the film earned him his third nomination for supporting actor at the [[Filmfare Awards]] as well as a nomination for [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|best comic role]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominees of 50th Filmfare Awards- The 51st Filmfare Awards |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1021384.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710013930/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1021384.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 July 2012 |work=The Times of India |access-date=27 August 2014}}</ref> His other films included Abbas-Mustan directed ''[[Aitraaz]]'' and S M Iqbal's ''[[Meri Biwi Ka Jawaab Nahin]]''. In the former, Kumar [[Playing against type|played against type]] as a worker wrongly accused of [[sexual harassment]] by his female boss played by Chopra. According to the directors, ''Aitraaz'' was inspired by [[National Basketball Association]] player [[Kobe Bryant]] (who was accused of rape by a fan);<ref>{{cite web |title=Akshay Kumar plays a rapist! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Akshay-Kumar-plays-a-rapist-news-bollywood-kkfvKIjbegi.html |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=13 July 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107054739/http://www.sify.com/movies/Akshay-Kumar-plays-a-rapist-news-bollywood-kkfvKIjbegi.html |archive-date=7 January 2016}}</ref> and the film's development began when they read about [[kobe Bryant sexual assault case|his sexual-assault case]] in the newspapers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akshay has a lot of experience: Abbas-Mustan |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood/interview.php?id=13606747&cid=2398 |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=8 November 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107054739/http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood/interview.php?id=13606747&cid=2398 |archive-date=7 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Talking about the character Kumar said that it is realistic and could be described as a "new-age [[metrosexual]]" man. He added that ''Aitraaz'' was the boldest film he had done.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |title='Aitraaz' is my boldest film: Akshay Kumar |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood/interview.php?id=13609029&cid=2398 |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=12 November 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107054739/http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood/interview.php?id=13609029&cid=2398 |archive-date=7 January 2016}}</ref> In the latter, he starred opposite [[Sridevi]]. The film was shot in 1994 but was released in 2004 after a delay of 10 years.

The next year Kumar starred in Dharmesh Darshan-directed [[romantic drama]] [[musical film]] ''[[Bewafaa (2005 film)|Bewafaa]]'' (2005) opposite Kareena Kapoor. He played the role of Raja, an aspiring musician who pursues his love interest Anjali (played by Kareena Kapoor) even after she is married to Aditya Sahai (played by [[Anil Kapoor]]). The film received mixed reviews from film critic but Kumar was praised for his acting. Anupama Chopra of India Today wrote that "Kareena Kapoor and Kumar stand out." Taran Adarsh wrote "Akshay Kumar does well in a role that fits him like a glove."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chopra |first1=Anupama |title=Old refashioned |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20050314-film-review-bewafaa-starring-anil-kapoor-akshay-kumar-kareena-kapoor-788261-2005-03-13 |work=India Today |access-date=7 September 2014 |date=14 March 2005 |archive-date=7 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907155805/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/film-review-bewafaa-starring-anil-kapoor-akshay-kumar-kareena-kapoor/1/194289.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Adarsh |first1=Taran |title=Movie Review : Bewafaa |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bewafaa-review-bollywood-13680719.html |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=7 September 2014 |archive-date=12 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912130317/http://www.sify.com/movies/bewafaa-review-bollywood-13680719.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Later that year he acted in Vipul Amrutlal Shah's family drama ''[[Waqt: The Race Against Time]]'' alongside Amitabh Bachchan, another Priyadarshan-directed comedy ''[[Garam Masala (2005 film)|Garam Masala]]'' alongside John Abraham. ''Waqt: The Race Against Time'' was a family drama film. The film and Kumar's acting received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pandohar |first1=Jaspreet |title=Waqt: The Race Against Time (2005) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/04/20/waqt_2005_review.shtml |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=14 April 2005| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006152845/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/04/20/waqt_2005_review.shtml | archive-date=6 October 2009}}</ref> Vishal D'Souza wrote "Akshay shoulders an author-backed role, carrying more of the film's emotional baggage though he is distinctly uncomfortable in the soppy-weepy scenes."<ref>{{cite web |last1=D'Souza |first1=Vishal |title=Waqt loses the race |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/22waqt.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=30 August 2014 |date=22 April 2005 |archive-date=20 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020024131/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/22waqt.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> The films succeeded at the box office<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA== |title=Box Office 2004 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=14 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404040700/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA%3D%3D |archive-date=4 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=211&catName=MjAwNQ== |title=Box Office 2005 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=14 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404041634/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=211&catName=MjAwNQ%3D%3D |archive-date=4 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and his performance in the latter earned him his second Filmfare Award, for [[Filmfare Best Comedian Award|Best Comedian]].<ref name="25years" /> His other films included Vikram Bhatt-directed action comedy romance film ''[[Deewane Huye Paagal]]'' and Suneel Darshan directed romantic drama ''[[Dosti: Friends Forever]]''. In the former he starred alongside Shahid Kapoor, Sunil Shetty and [[Rimi Sen]] while in the latter he starred alongside Kareena Kapoor and Bobby Deol. Both of these films received positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web |last1=N |first1=Patcy |title=Deewane Hue Paagal: Good fun |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/25dhp.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=7 September 2014 |date=25 November 2005 |archive-date=27 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127105831/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/25dhp.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Adarsh |first1=Taran |title=Movie Review : Dosti – Friends Forever |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/review.php?id=14056806&ctid=5&cid=2425 |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=7 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912213501/http://www.sify.com/movies/review.php?id=14056806&ctid=5&cid=2425 |archive-date=12 September 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Kumar's first release of 2006 was Rajkumar Santoshi-directed drama ''[[Family – Ties of Blood]]'' followed by Suneel Darshan's ''[[Mere Jeevan Saathi (2006 film)|Mere Jeevan Saathi]]'' and Raj Kanwar's ''[[Humko Deewana Kar Gaye]]''. Next, he starred in a sequel to ''Hera Pheri'' titled ''[[Phir Hera Pheri]]''. As was the former, the sequel became a huge success at the box office.<ref name="2006 BO">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg== |title=Box Office 2006 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=14 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221095752/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg%3D%3D |archive-date=21 February 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Later that year he starred alongside Salman Khan and [[Preity Zinta]] in the [[Shirish Kunder]]-directed [[romantic musical film]] ''[[Jaan-E-Mann]]''. The film was a well anticipated release, and despite receiving positive reviews from critics, did not do as well as expected at the box office.<ref name="2006 BO" /> The film received mostly negatively reviews. Vidya Pradhan of Rediff.com called it a "bizarre movie."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pradhan |first1=Vidya |title=Jaan-E-Mann is a bizarre movie |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/23jaan.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=7 September 2014 |date=23 October 2006 |archive-date=13 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013232214/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/23jaan.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Though the film under-performed, his role as a shy, lovable nerd was praised.<ref>{{cite web |author=Adarsh, Taran |publisher=[[Bollywood Hungama|IndiaFM]] |title=Jaan-E-Mann Review |url=http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/12573/index.html |date=20 October 2006 |access-date=14 April 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070403101903/http://indiafm.com/movies/review/12573/index.html| archive-date= 3 April 2007 | url-status=dead}}</ref> He ended the year with Priyadarshan's comedy murder mystery film ''[[Bhagam Bhag]]''. He starred alongside Lara Dutta, Govinda and Paresh Rawal and played the character of a theatre actor. The film received mixed reviews and Rediff.com called Kumar the real hero of the film.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Singh |first1=Gullu |title=Bhagam Bhag: Akshay top, Govinda flop |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/22bb.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=7 September 2014 |date=22 December 2006 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143637/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/22bb.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kazmi |first1=Nikhat |title=Bhagam Bhaag |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/bhagam-bhaag/movie-review/903798.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=7 September 2014 |date=22 December 2006 |archive-date=8 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108020548/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/Bhagam-Bhaag/movie-review/903798.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was commercially successful.<ref name="2006 BO" /> The same year, he led the ''Heat 2006'' world tour along with fellow stars [[Saif Ali Khan]], Preity Zinta, Sushmita Sen and [[Celina Jaitley]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar & Preity Zinta in Bollywood New York Shows for Aron Govil Productions |date=10 March 2006 |url=http://www.businesswireindia.com/PressRelease.asp?b2mid=9273 |publisher=Business Wire India |access-date=14 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323185651/http://www.businesswireindia.com/PressRelease.asp?b2mid=9273 |archive-date=23 March 2006}}</ref>

[[File:Akshay & Katrina on the sets of Welcome.jpg|thumb|Kumar with [[Katrina Kaif]] on the sets of ''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]'' in 2007]]

2007 proved to be Kumar's most successful year during his career in the industry, and as described by box office analysts, "probably the best ever recorded by an actor, with four outright hits and no flops."<ref name="BO 2007">{{cite news |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&articleid=42&nCat=news |title=The Toppers of 2007 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=14 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115082127/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&articleid=42&nCat=news |archive-date=15 January 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=I am kind to everyone, but trust no one: Akshay Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-am-kind-to-everyone-but-trust-no-one-Akshay-Kumar/articleshow/9779766.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 August 2014 |date=29 August 2011 |archive-date=17 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917030748/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-am-kind-to-everyone-but-trust-no-one-Akshay-Kumar/articleshow/9779766.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Somen |title=Akshay Kumar crowned 2007 King of Bollywood |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/akshay-kumar-crowned-2007-king-of-bollywood/55446-8.html |access-date=6 November 2014 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=2 January 2008 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=13 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113014759/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/akshay-kumar-crowned-2007-king-of-bollywood/55446-8.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Mauli |last2=Shah |first2=Jigar |title=Khiladi is King |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/khiladi-is-king/article3023231.ece |access-date=6 November 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]] |publisher=[[The Hindu Group]] |date=15 August 2008 |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107054738/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/khiladi-is-king/article3023231.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay- the undisputed king of Bollywood, bags Rs 72 crore deal |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-the-undisputed-king-of-bollywood-bags-rs72-crore-deal_8541.html |access-date=6 November 2014 |publisher=[[Zee News]] |date=22 August 2008 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=6 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106184944/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-the-undisputed-king-of-bollywood-bags-rs72-crore-deal_8541.html |url-status=live}}</ref> His first release, Vipul Amrutlal Shah-directed ''[[Namastey London]]'', was critically and commercially successful, and his performance earned him a Best Actor nomination at the Filmfare. Critic [[Taran Adarsh]] wrote of his performance in the film, "he's sure to win the hearts of millions of moviegoers with a terrific portrayal in this film."<ref>{{cite news |author=Adarsh, Taran |url=http://indiafm.com/movies/review/12835/index.html |title=Review of Namastey London |date=23 March 2007 |access-date=5 April 2007 |publisher=IndiaFM| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070405202710/http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/12835/index.html| archive-date= 5 April 2007}}</ref> Kumar's chemistry with lead actress Katrina Kaif also generated immense appreciation, with [[Nikhat Kazmi]] of ''[[The Times of India]]'' describing their pairing as "refreshing."<ref>{{cite news |last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |title=Namastey London |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/namastey-london/movie-review/1802925.cms |access-date=21 August 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 March 2007 |archive-date=22 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222013623/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Namastey-London/movie-review/1802925.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> His next two releases, [[Sajid Khan]]-directed ''[[Heyy Babyy]]'' and Priyadarshan's ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]]'', were box office successes as well.<ref>{{cite web |author=Adarsh, Taran |title=Top 5: 'Dhamaal' average, 'Darling' slumps! |url=http://www.indiafm.com/trade/top5/380.html |date=15 September 2007 |access-date=14 March 2008 |publisher=IndiaFM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015033244/http://indiafm.com/trade/top5/380.html |archive-date=15 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Adarsh, Taran |title=Top 5: 'J.W.M.' steady, despite pre-Diwali dull phase |url=http://www.indiafm.com/trade/top5/396.html |date=10 November 2007 |publisher=IndiaFM |access-date=10 November 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071115221205/http://www.indiafm.com/trade/top5/396.html| archive-date= 15 November 2007}}</ref> In both of these films he starred opposite [[Vidya Balan]]. Kumar's last release of the year, the [[Anees Bazmee]]-directed ''[[Welcome (2007 film)|Welcome]]'', did extremely well at the box office, receiving a blockbuster status and simultaneously becoming his fifth successive hit.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=IndiaFM |author=Adarsh, Taran |title=Midweek: 'Welcome', 'TZP' continue to rock! |url=http://www.indiafm.com/trade/top5/411.html |date=1 January 2008 |access-date=1 January 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080108131929/http://www.indiafm.com/trade/top5/411.html| archive-date= 8 January 2008}}</ref> All of Kumar's films which released that year did well in the overseas market as well.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=overseas_earners |title=Overseas Earnings (Figures in Ind Rs) |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=14 March 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080317191849/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=overseas_earners&PHPSESSID=b754628e151e869b2426dfd035eb7581| archive-date= 17 March 2008}}</ref> Kumar appeared in a cameo role in [[Farah Khan]] directed ''[[Om Shanti Om]]''. His role was listed as no. 3 on the Top 10 Cameos in Bollywood list of ''MensXP.com''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saikia |first1=Priyankee |title=Top 10 Cameos in Bollywood |url=http://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/9378-top-10-cameos-in-bollywood.html |publisher=MensXP.com |access-date=28 August 2014 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903213729/http://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/9378-top-10-cameos-in-bollywood.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Kumar's first film of 2008, [[Vijay Krishna Acharya]]-directed action thriller ''[[Tashan (film)|Tashan]]'', marked his comeback to the [[Yash Raj Films]] banner after 11 years. Although a poll (conducted by ''Bollywood Hungama'') named it the most anticipated release of the year,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://oldbh.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/02/08/3550/index.html |title=The Most Awaited movies of 2008 |access-date=19 May 2009 |date=8 February 2008 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126145213/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/02/08/3550/index.html |archive-date=26 January 2009}}</ref> the film under-performed at the box office grossing {{INRConvert|279|m|year=2009|mode=historical}} in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA== |title=Box Office 2008 |access-date=20 January 2009 |publisher=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012165321/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA%3D%3D |archive-date=12 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> His second film, Bazmee-directed ''[[Singh Is Kinng]]'' in which he starred opposite Kaif was a huge success at the box office and broke the first-week worldwide record of ''[[Om Shanti Om (film)|Om Shanti Om]]'', the previous highest figure.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA== |title=Box Office 2008 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=28 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115083431/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA%3D%3D |archive-date=15 January 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> His next film was the animated film ''[[Jumbo (2008 film)|Jumbo]]'', directed by Kompin Kemgumnird. The year also saw Kumar making his small screen debut as the host of the successful show ''[[Fear Factor – Khatron Ke Khiladi]]''. He later returned to host the show's [[Fear Factor – Khatron Ke Khiladi Level 2|second season]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khanna |first1=Niyati |title=Tracing The Journey of Fear Factor – Khatron Ke Khiladi; Season 5 Back with a Bang |url=http://businessofcinema.com/tele/tracing-journey-fear-factor-khatron-ke-khiladi-season-5-back-bang/131637 |work=Business of Cinema |access-date=28 August 2014 |date=31 January 2014 |archive-date=1 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901011825/http://businessofcinema.com/tele/tracing-journey-fear-factor-khatron-ke-khiladi-season-5-back-bang/131637 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Priyanka Chopra to host 'Fear Factor, Season 3' |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/television/article202006.ece |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |publisher=Express Publications |access-date=28 August 2014 |date=8 August 2010 |archive-date=14 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814175144/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/television/article202006.ece |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2009, Kumar featured opposite [[Deepika Padukone]] in the [[Warner Bros.]] and [[Rohan Sippy]] production ''[[Chandni Chowk to China]]''. Directed by [[Nikhil Advani]], the film was a critical and commercial failure at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kazmi |first1=Nikhat |title=Chandni Chowk to China |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/chandni-chowk-to-china/movie-review/3985572.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |date=15 January 2009 |archive-date=9 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109045851/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/Chandni-Chowk-to-China/movie-review/3985572.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Raja |title=Hindi Chini Why Why? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/jan/16review-chandni-chowk-to-china.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |date=16 January 2009 |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810192814/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/jan/16review-chandni-chowk-to-china.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&articleid=791&nCat=news |title=Ten Releases Five Disasters |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=5 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213174227/http://boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&articleid=791&nCat=news |archive-date=13 February 2009}}</ref> Kumar's next release was ''[[8 x 10 Tasveer]]'', an action-thriller directed by [[Nagesh Kukunoor]] that failed commercially. His next release was [[Sabbir Khan]]'s [[wikt:battle of the sexes|battle-of-the-sexes]] comedy ''[[Kambakkht Ishq]]''. Set in Los Angeles, it was the first Indian film to be shot at [[Universal Studios Hollywood|Universal Studios]] and featured cameo appearances by Hollywood actors.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archived-stories/nadiadwala-takes-akshay-kumar-to-hollywood/article1-282116.aspx |title=Nadiadwala takes Akshay Kumar to Hollywood |access-date=27 May 2012 |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |date=14 March 2008 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023121936/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archived-stories/nadiadwala-takes-akshay-kumar-to-hollywood/article1-282116.aspx |archive-date=23 October 2013}}</ref> The film was poorly received by critics but became an economic success, earning over {{INRConvert|840|m|year=2009|mode=historical}} worldwide. Kumar's film ''[[Blue (2009 film)|Blue]]'' was released on 16 October 2009. ''Blue'' received negative reviews and collected about ₹ 420 million at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pal |first1=Chandrima |title=Blue: Blistering Barnacles! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/movie-review-blue/20091016.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |location=Mumbai |date=16 October 2009 |archive-date=8 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908155204/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/movie-review-blue/20091016.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chopra |first1=Anupama |title=Blue |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/blue-442 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |date=16 October 2009 |archive-date=8 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908181441/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/blue-442 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Chopra |first1=Sonia |title=Review: Blue is a damp squib |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/review-blue-is-a-damp-squib-review-bollywood-14915122.html |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |archive-date=12 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912215043/http://www.sify.com/movies/review-blue-is-a-damp-squib-review-bollywood-14915122.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> His last release in 2009 was Priyadarshan's ''[[De Dana Dan]]''. He starred alongside Katrina Kaif, Suniel Shetty and Paresh Rawal. Kumar played a servant who plans to kidnap his owner's dog. The film received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adarsh |first1=Taran |title=De Dana Dan |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/502796 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |date=27 November 2009 |archive-date=16 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016185857/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/502796 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Chopra |first1=Anupama |title=De Dana Dan |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/de-dana-dan-458 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |date=27 November 2009 |archive-date=8 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908181444/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/de-dana-dan-458 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kazmi |first1=Nikhat |title=De Dana Dan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/de-dana-dan/movie-review/5272173.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |date=26 November 2009 |archive-date=9 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109053246/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/De-Dana-Dan/movie-review/5272173.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

He then appeared in the 2010 comedy, ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]'', directed by Sajid Khan which garnered the second-highest opening weekend collection of all time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/may/03/housefull-gets-biggest-opening-since-3-idiots.htm |title=Housefull gets biggest opening since 3 Idiots |author=Vinod Marani |date=3 May 2010 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=17 May 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100516143917/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/may/03/housefull-gets-biggest-opening-since-3-idiots.htm| archive-date= 16 May 2010}}</ref> Kumar's next release was ''[[Khatta Meetha (2010 film)|Khatta Meetha]]'', directed by Priyadarshan which was an average grosser. The film received negative reviews.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adarsh |first1=Taran |title=Khatta Meetha |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/khatta-meetha-review-this-satire-is-far-from-meetha-review-bollywood-14950664.html |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |archive-date=12 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912213533/http://www.sify.com/movies/khatta-meetha-review-this-satire-is-far-from-meetha-review-bollywood-14950664.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Rajeev Masand of ''CNN-IBN'' called it a schizophrenic film.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Masand |first1=Rajeev |title=Masand: 'Khatta Meetha', a schizophrenic film |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-khatta-meetha-a-schizophrenic-film/127366-47.html |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |date=31 July 2010 |archive-date=8 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908171847/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-khatta-meetha-a-schizophrenic-film/127366-47.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
He also appeared in [[Vipul Shah]]'s ''[[Action Replayy]]'', which was a box office failure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=2201&nCat=box_office_news%E2%80%9D |title=Boxofficeindia.com |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |date=8 November 2010 |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120329011947/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=2201&nCat=box_office_news%E2%80%9D |archive-date=29 March 2012}}</ref> The film received mostly negative reviews.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kazmi |first1=Nikhat |title=Action Replayy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/action-replayy/movie-review/6871125.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |date=4 November 2010 |archive-date=9 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109061919/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/Action-Replayy/movie-review/6871125.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Shekhar |first1=Mayank |title=Mayank Shekhar's review: Action Replayy |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/mayank-shekhar-s-review-action-replayy/article1-622338.aspx |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |date=4 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116144133/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/mayank-shekhar-s-review-action-replayy/article1-622338.aspx |archive-date=16 January 2014}}</ref> His last film of 2010 was ''[[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]''. Directed by Farah Khan, the film received poor critical reviews but became moderately successful.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Renuka |title=Review: Tees Maar Khan is not worth even a free ticket |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-tees-maar-khan-is-not-worth-even-a-free-ticket-1485367 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |location=Mumbai |date=23 December 2010 |archive-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012223534/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-tees-maar-khan-is-not-worth-even-a-free-ticket-1485367 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kazmi |first1=Nikhat |title=Tees Maar Khan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/tees-maar-khan/movie-review/7149954.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=8 September 2014 |date=23 December 2010 |archive-date=9 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109060408/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/Tees-Maar-Khan/movie-review/7149954.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-will-woo-katrina-kaif-on-screen-for-the-seventh-time-317005 |title=Akshay Kumar will woo Katrina Kaif on-screen for the seventh time |date=14 January 2013 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=21 August 2014 |archive-date=22 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822124612/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-will-woo-katrina-kaif-on-screen-for-the-seventh-time-317005 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="boxofficeindia.com">{{Cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=76 |title=Tees Maar Khan |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-date=16 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016094420/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=76 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011 he starred in ''[[Patiala House (film)|Patiala House]]'' and ''[[Thank You (2011 film)|Thank You]]''. His last film of 2011 was Rohit Dhawan-directed ''[[Desi Boyz]]'' (2011), which co-starred [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Chitrangada Singh]] and Deepika Padukone. He also co-produced a film with [[Russell Peters]] titled ''[[Breakaway (2011 film)|Breakaway]]'' (dubbed into Hindi as ''Speedy Singhs'') which is reminiscent of his own ''Patiala House''.<ref name="break">{{cite news |url=http://www.sawfnews.com/Bollywood/67040.aspx |title=Akshay Kumar, Russell Peters' Breakaway Gets Media Attention |publisher=Sawfnews.com |date=6 June 2011 |access-date=9 June 2011 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608185615/http://www.sawfnews.com/Bollywood/67040.aspx |archive-date=8 June 2011}}</ref> ''Breakaway'' became the highest-grossing cross-cultural movie of 2011 in Canada. Kumar dubbed for the role of Optimus Prime in the Hindi version of Hollywood, action blockbuster, ''[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon]]''. He took the dubbing role for his son, Aarav, and did so for free.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dubaichronicle.com/2011/07/29/bollywood-superstar-akshay-kumar-superhero-for-his-son/ |title=Bollywood Superstar, Akshay Kumar Superhero for his Son |work=Dubai Chronicle |access-date=29 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001073104/http://www.dubaichronicle.com/2011/07/29/bollywood-superstar-akshay-kumar-superhero-for-his-son/ |archive-date=1 October 2011}}</ref>

=== 2012–2021: Transition to social dramas and patriotic themes ===
[[File:Launch of the song 'Taang Uthake' from the film Housefull 3.jpg|thumb|Kumar with his [[Housefull (film series)|Housefull]] film series co-star [[Jacqueline Fernandez]] at the launch of the song ''"Taang Uthake"'' of ''[[Housefull 3]]'' in 2016]]
His first release of 2012 was ''[[Housefull 2]]'', a sequel of his earlier comedy film ''[[Housefull (film series)|Housefull]]'', which became a huge hit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3|title=Housefull 2 (2012)|access-date=18 April 2024|archive-date=18 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418150914/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3|url-status=live}}</ref> Kumar's next film was the [[Prabhudeva]]-directed action drama ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'' in which he played a double role opposite [[Sonakshi Sinha]].<ref name="hindustantimes1">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Rowdy-Rathore-gets-thumbs-up-from-critics/Article1-864444.aspx |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |title=Rowdy Rathore gets thumbs up from critics |date=1 June 2012| url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602064158/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Rowdy-Rathore-gets-thumbs-up-from-critics/Article1-864444.aspx |archive-date=2 June 2012}}</ref> The film earned more than {{INRConvert|1.3|b|year=2012|mode=historical}} in India. Both of these films grossed over {{INRconvert|1|b|year=2012|mode=historical}} at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |title=Barfi! joins INR1 billion club |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/446981/barfi-joins-inr1-billion-club/ |work=[[The Express Tribune]] |publisher=[[Lakson Group]] |access-date=29 July 2014 |date=4 October 2012 |archive-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809235140/http://tribune.com.pk/story/446981/barfi-joins-inr1-billion-club/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, he founded another production company called Grazing Goat Pictures Pvt Ltd.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar gets a Grazing Goat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Akshay-Kumar-gets-a-Grazing-Goat/articleshow/10901424.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 June 2014 |date=28 November 2011 |archive-date=11 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411125235/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Akshay-Kumar-gets-a-Grazing-Goat/articleshow/10901424.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[Joker (2012 film)|Joker]]'' was reportedly promoted as Kumar's 100th film,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/6933.html |title=First Look: Akshay Kumar's 100th film 'Joker' |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=11 July 2012 |access-date=22 November 2012| url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208202123/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/6933.html |archive-date=8 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/joker-trailer-to-release-with-cocktail-news-bollywood-mhirugfffdf.html?ref=false/ |title=Joker trailer to release with Cocktail |website=[[Sify]] |date=9 July 2012 |access-date=22 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124223124/http://www.sify.com/movies/joker-trailer-to-release-with-cocktail-news-bollywood-mhirugfffdf.html |archive-date=24 January 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/jul/090712-Joker-trailer-to-release-with-Cocktail.htm/ |title='Joker' trailer to release with 'Cocktail' |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=9 July 2012 |access-date=22 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710075757/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/jul/090712-Joker-trailer-to-release-with-Cocktail.htm |archive-date=10 July 2012}}</ref> but later Akshay Kumar clarified that the 100th film landmark had been crossed long before he even signed up for Joker. "It was a miscalculation on Shirish's part. ''[[Oh My God (2012 film)|OMG]]'' is my 116th film," he said.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/bollywood/akki%E2%80%99s-back-game-842 |title=Akki's back in the game |date=19 September 2012 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |publisher=Deccan Chronicle Holdings |access-date=19 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920002835/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/bollywood/akki%E2%80%99s-back-game-842 |archive-date=20 September 2012}}</ref> Kumar kept himself away from the film's promotion due to differences with Kunder. Reacting to Kumar's backing out from the film's promotion Kunder tweeted "A true leader takes responsibility for his team and leads them through thick and thin. Never abandons them and runs away." He later deleted the tweet.<ref>{{cite news |title=Top 5 Reasons: Why Akshay Kumar fell out with Shirish Kunder |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/top-5-reasons-why-akshay-kumar-fell-out-with-shirish-kunder/article1-922431.aspx |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=23 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603073319/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/TOP-5-REASONS-Why-Akshay-Kumar-fell-out-with-Shirish-Kunder/Article1-922431.aspx |archive-date=3 June 2013 |location=New Delhi |url-status=dead |date=31 August 2012}}</ref> His later release ''[[OMG: Oh My God!|Oh My God]]'' which he produced and starred along with [[Paresh Rawal]].<ref name="hindustantimes1" /> It had a slow opening, but because of positive word of mouth it picked up and emerged a superhit at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=earnings |title=Box Office Earnings 28/09/12 – 04/10/12 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=22 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109170539/http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=earnings |archive-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> His last release in 2012 was ''[[Khiladi 786]]'', the eighth instalment in his famous ''Khiladi'' series as well as the comeback of the series after 12 years. Although film was panned by critics, it grossed 970 million worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1199|title=Khiladi 786|access-date=18 April 2024|archive-date=18 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418150732/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1199|url-status=live}}</ref>

His first release in 2013 was ''[[Special 26]]'' which earned a positive critical reception and was semi-hit at the box office. Although the movie earned him positive reviews and commercial success, trade analysts noted that the movie could have done much better business due to its good content and Kumar's high-profile.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-10/news-interviews/31142603_1_akshay-kumar-shooting-special-chabbis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530163132/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-10/news-interviews/31142603_1_akshay-kumar-shooting-special-chabbis|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 May 2013|title=Akshay Kumar shoots for Special Chabbis in Delhi|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Review|first=Special 26|title=Rejeev Masand Review|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/special-chabbis-review-its-a-delicious-thriller-you-dont-want-to-miss/371706-47-84.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211095447/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/special-chabbis-review-its-a-delicious-thriller-you-dont-want-to-miss/371706-47-84.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2013|work=Rajeev Masand|publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=9 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1237|title=Special 26|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=19 November 2016|archive-date=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120093241/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1237|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Milan Luthria]] chose Kumar to play the character of Shoaib Khan (based on [[Dawood Ibrahim]]) in the [[gangster film]] ''[[Once Upon ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara!]]'', sequel to ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]''. It proved to be a below average at the box office. The film was declared a "flop" by [[Box Office India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Satyagraha Average Opening Chennai Express Hits 200 Crore |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6017&nCat= |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903073357/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=6017&nCat= |archive-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> It received mixed reviews however Kumar's acting was praised by a majority of critics. In a review for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', [[Anupama Chopra]] wrote that Kumar "makes a stellar killer".<ref>{{cite news |first=Anupama |last=Chopra |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/anupama-chopra-s-review-once-upon-a-time-in-mumbaai-dobaara/article1-1108821.aspx |title=Anupama Chopra's review: Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai Dobaara! |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=16 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817121535/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Reviews/Anupama-Chopra-s-review-Once-Upon-A-Time-In-Mumbaai-Dobaara/Article1-1108821.aspx |archive-date=17 August 2013}}</ref> Madhureeta Mukherjee of ''The Times of India'' praised Kumar's performance and said that "''Bhai'' act with flamboyance and mojo ... He gets a chance to do what he does best – ''herogiri'' (albeit less menacing, more entertaining), with charisma and clap-trap dialoguebaazi."<ref>{{cite news |first=Madhureeta |last=Mukherjee |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/times-of-india-movie-review-of-once-upon-ay-time-in-mumbai-dobaara/movie-review/21820641.cms |title=Once Upon Ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara! : Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815094643/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Once-Upon-Ay-Time-In-Mumbai-Dobaara/movie-review/21820641.cms |archive-date=15 August 2013}}</ref> [[Al Pacino]] saw the film's trailer and promos and admired Kumar's portrayal of Shoaib Khan, a gangster. He said that the promos and posters reminded him of his own ''[[The Godfather]]''. Kumar said of Pacino's response: "A touch of appreciation is always held dearly in an actor's arms, even if it's from the simplest of people like our beloved spot boys. But to have your work spoken of so kindly by the world's most admired gangster Al Pacino himself – I had goose-bumps thinking about him watching the promo! I was so humbled, not only as an actor but as a fan of his legendary work."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Anirban |title=Al Pacino praises Akshay Kumar's work |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/movies/al-pacino-praises-akshay-kumar-s-work/article1-1099759.aspx |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518004546/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/movies/al-pacino-praises-akshay-kumar-s-work/article1-1099759.aspx |archive-date=18 May 2014 |location=New Delhi |url-status=dead |date=28 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Al Pacino's thumbs up to Once Upon Ay Time in Mumbaai Dobaara |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/al-pacino/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224114843/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1946833/al-pacino |archive-date=24 December 2013 |url-status=live |date=29 July 2013}}</ref> Rajeev Masand of ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' criticised Kumar for his "in-your-face flamboyance".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Masand |first1=Rajeev |title='Once Upon Ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara' review: It is like getting a root canal |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/once-upon-ay-time-in-mumbai-dobaara-review-it-is-like-getting-a-root-canal/414577-47-84.html |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |access-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714010054/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/once-upon-ay-time-in-mumbai-dobaara-review-it-is-like-getting-a-root-canal/414577-47-84.html |archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> After the film's mainly negative reviews, Kumar lashed out at critics, accusing them of lacking an understanding of the audience and the basic ideas of filmmaking.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar breathes fury at Once Upon A Time in Mumbai Dobaara critics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/akshay-kumar-wakes-up-decides-to-breathe-fury-at-ouatimd-critics-174623-2013-08-21 |work=[[India Today]] |location=New Delhi |access-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002345/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/akshay-kumar-wakes-up-decides-to-breathe-fury-at-ouatimd-critics/1/300772.html |archive-date=3 December 2013 |url-status=live |date=22 August 2013}}</ref> Built on an approximate budget of {{INRConvert|1|b|year=2012|mode=historical}},<ref>{{cite news |author1=Indo-Asian News Service|author-link1=Indo-Asian News Service |title=Once Upon Ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara: Another film to hit the jackpot? |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/once-upon-ay-time-in-mumbai-dobaara-another-film-to-hit-the-jackpot/414267-8-66.html |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |access-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029025141/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/once-upon-ay-time-in-mumbai-dobaara-another-film-to-hit-the-jackpot/414267-8-66.html |archive-date=29 October 2013 |location=New Delhi |url-status=dead |date=14 August 2013}}</ref> it was the first major [[Hindi]] language film to be shot in [[Oman]].<ref>{{cite news |author1=Times News Network |title=Once Upon sequel – first film shot in exotic Oman |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Once-Upon-sequel-first-film-shot-in-exotic-Oman/articleshow/16722103.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=6 October 2014 |date=8 October 2012 |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107054738/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Once-Upon-sequel-first-film-shot-in-exotic-Oman/articleshow/16722103.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumar received a nomination for Best Actor in a Negative Role at [[Zee Cine Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mudi |first1=Aparna |title=Zee Cine Awards 2014: Complete list of nominations |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2014/zee-cine-awards-2014-complete-list-of-nominations_150384.html |publisher=[[Zee News]] |access-date=18 October 2014 |date=6 February 2014 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222065411/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2014/zee-cine-awards-2014-complete-list-of-nominations_150384.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

His next release was Anthony D Souza's ''[[Boss (2013 Hindi film)|Boss]]'' alongside [[Shiv Panditt]] and [[Aditi Rao Hydari]]. The movie received mixed reviews;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/566663 |title=Boss: Critic Review |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=15 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020050454/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/566663 |archive-date=20 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Review: Akshay Kumar's Boss: All title, no thunder! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-akshay-kumars-boss-all-title-no-thunder/20131016.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=17 June 2014 |date=16 October 2013 |archive-date=9 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009000428/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-akshay-kumars-boss-all-title-no-thunder/20131016.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/movie-review-boss-is-all-about-masala-and-akshay-kumar/article1-1135845.aspx |title=Movie review: Boss is all about masala and Akshay Kumar |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=31 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808060318/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/movie-review-boss-is-all-about-masala-and-akshay-kumar/article1-1135845.aspx |archive-date=8 August 2014}}</ref> it performed poorly at the box office netting {{INRConvert|540|m|year=2014}} domestically.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=1621 |title=Boss – Movie – Box Office India}}</ref> Kumar came back strongly with ''[[Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty]]'', the Hindi remake of the 2012 Tamil film ''[[Thuppakki]]''. This [[Action Film|action thriller]] earned both critical and commercial success entering the {{INRconvert|1|b|year=2014|mode=historical|nolink=yes}} elite club and emerging one of the highest grossers of 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2256|title=Holiday (2014)|access-date=18 April 2024|archive-date=18 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418151531/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2256|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bawa |first1=Jyoti Sharma |title=Akshay impresses in Holiday's action sequences |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-akshay-kumar-s-holiday-will-keep-you-hooked/article1-1226341.aspx |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=18 June 2014 |date=14 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617060035/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-akshay-kumar-s-holiday-will-keep-you-hooked/article1-1226341.aspx |archive-date=17 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/holiday-a-soldier-is-never-off-duty/movie-review/36099137.cms |title=Holiday – A Soldier Is Never Off Duty |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=5 June 2014 |access-date=31 July 2014 |archive-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808060720/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/holiday-a-soldier-is-never-off-duty/movie-review/36099137.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Holiday-enters-the-100-crore-club/articleshow/37018014.cms |title=Holiday enters the 100 crore club! |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=23 June 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014 |archive-date=10 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610063136/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Holiday-enters-the-100-crore-club/articleshow/37018014.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-s-holiday-to-enter-rs-100-crore-club/article1-1228347.aspx |title=Akshay Kumar's Holiday one of the biggest hits of 2014 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=11 June 2014 |access-date=31 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729071146/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-s-holiday-to-enter-rs-100-crore-club/article1-1228347.aspx |archive-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> He then starred in ''[[Entertainment (2014 film)|Entertainment]]'' and has sung a song for the film. Making of the song has been uploaded on YouTube.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar sings for 'Entertainment' |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/watch-akshay-kumar-sings-for-entertainment/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher=[[Indian Express Group]] |access-date=23 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823032632/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/watch-akshay-kumar-sings-for-entertainment/ |archive-date=23 August 2014 |location=Mumbai |date=27 July 2014}}</ref> His last film of 2014 was ''[[The Shaukeens]]''. He appeared as himself in it and produced it.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tarannum |first1=Asira |title=Akshay Kumar doesn't want to over-promote himself for 'The Shaukeens' |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/akshay-kumar-doesnt-want-to-over-promote-himself-for-the-shaukeens/15639156 |access-date=1 May 2015 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=27 September 2014 |archive-date=31 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031153721/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/akshay-kumar-doesnt-want-to-over-promote-himself-for-the-shaukeens/15639156 |url-status=live}}</ref> He then played the lead role in the thrillers ''[[Baby (2015 Hindi film)|Baby]]'' and ''[[Gabbar is Back]]''.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Press Trust of India |title=Akshay Kumar's 'Baby' trailer released |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumars-baby-trailer-released/ |access-date=1 May 2015 |work=The Indian Express |publisher=Indian Express Group |date=4 December 2014 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=17 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217165454/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumars-baby-trailer-released/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Watch: Sholay style teaser of Akshay Kumar's 'Gabbar Is Back' |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-watch-sholay-style-teaser-of-akshay-kumar-s-gabbar-is-back-2068549 |access-date=1 May 2015 |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=13 March 2015 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=15 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315230653/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-watch-sholay-style-teaser-of-akshay-kumar-s-gabbar-is-back-2068549 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumar's first collaboration with [[Karan Johar]], ''[[Brothers (2015 film)|Brothers]]'' was released on 14 August 2015.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Indo-Asian News Service |title=Akshay Kumar wraps up 'Brothers' shooting |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/akshay-kumar-wraps-up-brothers-shooting/articleshow/46969888.cms |access-date=1 May 2015 |work=The Economic Times |date=18 April 2015 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107054738/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/akshay-kumar-wraps-up-brothers-shooting/articleshow/46969888.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> His next release was ''[[Singh is Bling]]'', a quasi sequel to 2008's ''[[Singh is Kinng]]'' was released on 2 October 2015 and is produced by Grazing Goats Pictures.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumars-singh-is-bliing-mints-rs-54-44-crore-in-three-days/ Akshay Kumar's 'Singh is Bliing' mints Rs.54.44 crore in three days] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006040406/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumars-singh-is-bliing-mints-rs-54-44-crore-in-three-days/ |date=6 October 2015 }}. [[The Indian Express]]. 5 October 2015</ref>

His first release was ''[[Airlift (film)|Airlift]]'' released on 22 January 2016 was critically and commercially successful,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dani |first1=Arti |title=Akshay Kumar shooting in Ras Al Khaimah |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/inside.asp?xfile=/data/citytimes/2015/April/citytimes_April6.xml&section=citytimes |access-date=1 May 2015 |work=[[Khaleej Times]] |publisher=[[Galadari Printing and Publishing]] |date=2 April 2015 |location=Dubai |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402010715/http://khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/inside.asp?xfile=%2Fdata%2Fcitytimes%2F2015%2FApril%2Fcitytimes_April6.xml&section=citytimes |url-status=live}}</ref> and second was ''[[Housefull 3]]'' which released on 3 June 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay, Riteish, Abhishek begin shooting Housefull 3 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Akshay-Riteish-Abhishek-begin-shooting-Housefull-3/articleshow/48511330.cms |work=The Times of India |agency=Press Trust of India |access-date=6 October 2015 |date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=20 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820073040/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Akshay-Riteish-Abhishek-begin-shooting-Housefull-3/articleshow/48511330.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]'' which was produced by Neeraj Pandey and marked his third release of 2016. Akshay was praised for his performance in ''Rustom'' which garnered him numerous award nominations. ''Rustom'' grossed more than 2 billion at the box office.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Akshay-Kumar-s-romantic-thriller-Rustom-to-release-on-I-Day-weekend/articleshow/48884569.cms Akshay Kumar 's romantic thriller 'Rustom' to release on I-Day weekend – The Times of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511205205/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-s-romantic-thriller-rustom-to-release-on-i-day-weekend/articleshow/48884569.cms |date=11 May 2023 }} . ''The Times of India''. (9 September 2015). Retrieved 29 September 2015.</ref> Both ''Airlift'' and ''Rustom'' earned him the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]].<ref name="NFA">{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |title=Akshay Won National Award For 'Rustom' & 'Airlift': Priyadarshan |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-won-national-award-for-both-rustom-and-airlift-says-priyadarshan |access-date=19 February 2019 |work=[[The Quint]] |date=7 April 2017 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180130/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-won-national-award-for-both-rustom-and-airlift-says-priyadarshan |url-status=live}}</ref>

His second film release in 2017 was ''[[Toilet: Ek Prem Katha]]''. This film depicted the serious social issue of toilets in certain regions of the country. Akshay's performance was praised. Akshay Kumar dug a toilet in [[Madhya Pradesh]] to promote the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://santabantawallpaper.co.in/toilet-ek-prem-katha |title=Akshay Kumar Toilet ek Prem katha first look, HD Wallpapers story, star cast, released date |website=santabantawallpaper.co.in |access-date=30 July 2017 |date=11 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719151145/http://santabantawallpaper.co.in/toilet-ek-prem-katha |archive-date=19 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The movie trailer was released on 11 June 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.missmahi.com/movie/wiki/toilet-ek-prem-katha-wiki-star-cast-release-date/8908/ |title=Toilet Ek Prem Katha Wiki, Star Cast & Release Date |date=12 June 2017 |work=MissMahi |access-date=12 June 2017 |archive-date=22 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922124429/http://www.missmahi.com/movie/wiki/toilet-ek-prem-katha-wiki-star-cast-release-date/8908/ |url-status=usurped}}</ref> Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] called it a good effort to further the message of cleanliness, as per [[Swachh Bharat Abhiyan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=PM Narendra Modi Lauds Akshay Kumar Toilet Ek Prem Katha's Trailer; Calls It a Good Effort to Further the Message of Cleanliness |url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/pm-narendra-modi-lauds-akshay-kumar-toilet-ek-prem-katha-trailer-calls-it-a-good-effort-to-further-the-message-of-cleanliness-1430809.html |publisher=News18 |date=13 June 2017 |access-date=28 October 2017 |archive-date=28 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028160655/http://www.news18.com/news/movies/pm-narendra-modi-lauds-akshay-kumar-toilet-ek-prem-katha-trailer-calls-it-a-good-effort-to-further-the-message-of-cleanliness-1430809.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=PM Narendra Modi impressed with Akshay Kumar's 'Toilet Ek Prem Katha' trailer |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/pm-modi-impressed-with-akshay-kumars-toilet-ek-prem-katha-trailer/articleshow/59123054.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 June 2017 |access-date=28 October 2017 |archive-date=15 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215013455/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/pm-modi-impressed-with-akshay-kumars-toilet-ek-prem-katha-trailer/articleshow/59123054.cms |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2018, Akshay starred in another social drama film ''[[Pad Man (film)|Pad Man]]'' alongside [[Sonam Kapoor]] and [[Radhika Apte]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumars-next-r-balki-titled-pad-man/ |title=Pad man Official Theatrical Trailer |date=15 December 2017 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date = 23 December 2017 |archive-date = 23 December 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171223215749/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumars-next-r-balki-titled-pad-man/ |url-status = live}}</ref> He later made his [[Tamil cinema]] debut in the science fiction thriller ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'', a [[Standalone film#Standalone sequel|standalone sequel]] to the 2010 film ''[[Enthiran]]'', co-starring [[Rajinikanth]], in which he played an evil ornithologist named Pakshirajan.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Akshay-Kumar-plays-the-villain-in-Robot-2/articleshow/50203162.cms |title=Akshay Kumar plays the villain in 'Robot 2' |work=The Times of India |access-date=15 September 2018 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224011815/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Akshay-Kumar-plays-the-villain-in-Robot-2/articleshow/50203162.cms |url-status=live |last1=Iyer |first1=Meena}}</ref><ref name="TH2.0">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/rajinikanths-20-first-look-to-be-out-on-november-20/article9206701.ece |title=Rajinikanth's 2.0 first look to be out on November 20 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 October 2016 |access-date=28 October 2016 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224011819/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Rajinikanth%E2%80%99s-2.0-first-look-to-be-out-on-November-20/article15479000.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/2.0-is-set-to-go-where-no-Indian-film-has-gone-before/article16738922.ece |title=2.0 is set to go where no Indian film has gone before |last=Bureau |first=City |work=The Hindu |access-date=13 May 2017 |archive-date=23 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223202527/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/2.0-is-set-to-go-where-no-Indian-film-has-gone-before/article16738922.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rajnikanth's 2.0 vs Aamir Khan's Thugs of Hindostan – There Could Be A Clash This Diwali! |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/entertainment-news/movies/bollywood/rajnikanths-2-0-vs-aamir-khans-thugs-hindostan-clash-diwali |website=BookMyShow |date=25 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018 |archive-date=23 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223202539/https://in.bookmyshow.com/entertainment-news/movies/bollywood/rajnikanths-2-0-vs-aamir-khans-thugs-hindostan-clash-diwali |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, Kumar appeared in Karan Johar's film ''[[Kesari (2019 film)|Kesari]]'' opposite [[Parineeti Chopra]], based on the story of the Battle of Saragarhi. The film grossed over {{INRConvert|2|b|year=2019|mode=historical}} worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/ |title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide Bollywood Hungama |access-date=20 April 2019 |website=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=18 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118064625/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-parineeti-chopra-signed-opposite-akshay-kumar-karan-johars-kesari/ |title=BREAKING: Parineeti Chopra signed opposite Akshay Kumar for Karan Johar's Kesari |date=10 January 2018 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date = 11 January 2018 |archive-date = 11 January 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180111170712/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-parineeti-chopra-signed-opposite-akshay-kumar-karan-johars-kesari/ |url-status = live}}</ref> He next featured in ''[[Mission Mangal]]'' with an ensemble cast of [[Vidya Balan]], [[Taapsee Pannu]], [[Nithya Menen]], [[Sharman Joshi]] and Sonakshi Sinha. The film is about the story of scientists at [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] who contributed to the [[Mars Orbiter Mission]], which marked India's first interplanetary expedition.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar's Mission Mangal will star Vidya Balan, Taapsee Pannu, Nithya Menen, Sonakshi Sinha, Manish Borundia |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-signs-three-new-projects-to-start-shooting-for-mission-mangal-this-month/story-SJRWDHneqcNvDEBRBgHXMO.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=5 November 2018 |date=5 November 2018 |archive-date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105061942/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-signs-three-new-projects-to-start-shooting-for-mission-mangal-this-month/story-SJRWDHneqcNvDEBRBgHXMO.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Housefull 4]]'', directed by [[Sajid-Farhad|Farhad Samji]], was released in October 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last=Basu |first=Nilanjana |title=Housefull 4 Begins. Akshay Kumar, Bobby Deol, Riteish Deshmukh Have A Warning For You |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/housefull-4-begins-akshay-kumar-bobby-deol-riteish-deshmukh-have-a-warning-for-you-1880629 |website=NDTV |access-date=29 August 2018 |date=10 July 2018 |archive-date=11 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811152521/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/housefull-4-begins-akshay-kumar-bobby-deol-riteish-deshmukh-have-a-warning-for-you-1880629 |url-status=live}}</ref> His next release in December 2019 was Karan Johar's and his own production ''[[Good Newwz]]'', a [[romantic comedy]] about [[surrogacy]], opposite [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-good-news-that-s-the-title-of-kareena-kapoor-khan-s-next-with-akshay-kumar-here-s-what-the-film-is-all-about-2643923/amp |title='Good News'! That's the title of Kareena Kapoor Khan's next with Akshay Kumar |date=31 July 2018 |publisher=[[DNA India]] |access-date=14 February 2019 |archive-date=1 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201115308/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-good-news-that-s-the-title-of-kareena-kapoor-khan-s-next-with-akshay-kumar-here-s-what-the-film-is-all-about-2643923/amp |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Good Newwz' box office collection Day 3: Akshay Kumar and Kareena Kapoor Khan starrer witnesses a good Sunday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/good-newwz-box-office-collection-day-3-akshay-kumar-and-kareena-kapoor-khan-starrer-witnesses-a-good-sunday/articleshow/73024282.cms |access-date=31 December 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=30 December 2019 |language=en |archive-date=31 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231000749/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/good-newwz-box-office-collection-day-3-akshay-kumar-and-kareena-kapoor-khan-starrer-witnesses-a-good-sunday/articleshow/73024282.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> All of his four films were commercially successful this year with three consecutive domestic [[List of highest domestic net collection of Hindi films|200 Crore Club]] net films alongside ''[[Mission Mangal]]'', ''[[Housefull 4]]'' and ''[[Good Newwz]]''.<ref name="reldate">{{cite web |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-kareena-kapoor-khan-s-good-news-to-release-on-december-27/story-sYRIF21QdnIgYTowUCbYfP.html |title=Akshay Kumar, Kareenaas Kapoorwell Khan'sas Good News to release on December 27 |date=27 April 2019 |publisher=Hindustan Times |access-date=27 December 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref name="bo">{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/good-newwz/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |title=Good Newwz Box Office |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=22 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224075547/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/good-newwz/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |archive-date=24 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

His only release in 2020 was the horror comedy ''[[Laxmii]]'', directed by [[Raghava Lawrence]], an official remake of the Tamil film ''[[Kanchana (2011 film)|Kanchana]]'' opposite [[Kiara Advani]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/is-akshay-kumar-starrer-kanchana-remake-titled-laaxmi-bomb-heres-how-we-might-know/406253 |website=Times Now |first1=Gaurang |last1=Chauhan |title=Is Akshay Kumar starrer Kanchana remake titled Laaxmi Bomb? Here's how we might know |date=24 April 2019 |access-date=24 April 2019 |archive-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424143055/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/is-akshay-kumar-starrer-kanchana-remake-titled-laaxmi-bomb-heres-how-we-might-know/406253 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/akshay-kumar-and-raghava-lawrence-begin-shooting-of-kanchana-hindi-remake-lakshmi-1509243-2019-04-24 |date=24 April 2019 |first1=P |last1=Kirubhakar |website=IndiaToday |title=Akshay Kumar and Raghava Lawrence begin shooting of Kanchana Hindi remake Lakshmi |access-date=24 April 2019 |archive-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424142627/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/akshay-kumar-and-raghava-lawrence-begin-shooting-of-kanchana-hindi-remake-lakshmi-1509243-2019-04-24 |url-status=live}}</ref> It was released on 9 November on [[Disney+ Hotstar]], and was not released theatrically in India due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Laxmmi Bomb teaser: Akshay Kumar film to release on Nov 9 on Disney+ Hotstar, actor promises a big blast on Diwali |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/laxmmi-bomb-teaser-akshay-kumar-film-to-release-on-nov-9-on-disney-hotstar-actor-promises-a-big-blast-on-diwali/story-ph32STR42WijAWD58DgS6M.html |access-date=12 November 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=16 September 2020 |language=en |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112194625/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/laxmmi-bomb-teaser-akshay-kumar-film-to-release-on-nov-9-on-disney-hotstar-actor-promises-a-big-blast-on-diwali/story-ph32STR42WijAWD58DgS6M_amp.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The film revolves around a man who gets possessed by the ghost of a transgender. Despite receiving mixed to negative reviews from critics, it got huge response on both OTT as well as television, eventually emerging the only genuine hit to be premiered on digital.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6211|title=Laxmii Is Huge On Satellite - Premieres Second To Bahubali 2|date=2 April 2021|access-date=12 May 2024|archive-date=12 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512115702/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6211|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8254|title=Star Positions 2023 - Female Leads|date=10 January 2024|access-date=12 May 2024|archive-date=12 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512115152/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8254|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kumar's first release of 2021, ''[[Bell Bottom (2021 film)|Bell Bottom]]'' did not perform well commercially, but his second release, [[Rohit Shetty]]'s actioner ''[[Sooryavanshi]]'' proved to be a box office hit and was credited with reviving the exhibition sector for [[Hindi cinema]] post [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifco.ie/en/ifco/pages/5C93992D00424385|title=Sooryavanshi (2021)|website=[[Irish Film Classification Office]]|access-date=9 November 2022|archive-date=7 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107233534/http://www.ifco.ie/en/ifco/pages/5C93992D00424385|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=6142|title=Sooryavanshi - Movie - Box Office India|access-date=2 May 2024|archive-date=2 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502205806/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=6142|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/as-sooryavanshi-inches-closer-to-rs-200-crore-rohit-shetty-says-people-were-betting-on-film-s-fate-hours-before-release-101638091311095.html | title=As Sooryavanshi inches closer to ₹200 crore, Rohit Shetty says people were betting on film's fate hours before release | work=Hindustan Times | date=28 November 2021 | access-date=1 December 2022 | archive-date=1 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201151600/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/as-sooryavanshi-inches-closer-to-rs-200-crore-rohit-shetty-says-people-were-betting-on-film-s-fate-hours-before-release-101638091311095.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Towards the end of year, he co-starred alongside [[Dhanush]] and [[Sara Ali Khan]] in [[Aanand L. Rai]]'s [[Over-the-top media service|direct-to-digital]] romantic comedy film ''[[Atrangi Re]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=25 November 2021|title=Akshay Kumar, Dhanush, Sara Ali's 'Atrangi Re' to premiere on Disney+ Hotstar|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/akshay-kumar-dhanush-sara-ali-s-atrangi-re-to-premiere-on-disney-hotstar-11637816669858.html|access-date=24 December 2021|website=mint|language=en|archive-date=24 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224093713/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/akshay-kumar-dhanush-sara-ali-s-atrangi-re-to-premiere-on-disney-hotstar-11637816669858.html|url-status=live}}</ref> At release, ''Atrangi Re'' garnered the highest opening day viewership in their streaming service, thereby breaking the viewership records of ''[[Laxmii]]'' (2020), ''[[Hungama 2]]'' (2021) and ''[[Shiddat]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 December 2021|first=Grace|last=Cyril|title=Atrangi Re beats Laxmii, Hungama 2 to become the most-watched film on release day|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/atrangi-re-beats-laxmii-hungama-2-to-become-the-most-watched-film-on-release-day-1893125-2021-12-28|access-date=30 December 2021|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=30 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230052755/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/atrangi-re-beats-laxmii-hungama-2-to-become-the-most-watched-film-on-release-day-1893125-2021-12-28|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 December 2021|title=Dhanush Starrer Atrangi Re Becomes Most Watched Film on Disney+Hotstar|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/dhanush-starrer-atrangi-re-becomes-most-watched-film-on-disneyhotstar-4604684.html|access-date=30 December 2021|website=News18|language=en|archive-date=30 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230052757/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/dhanush-starrer-atrangi-re-becomes-most-watched-film-on-disneyhotstar-4604684.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2022–2024: Career decline and fluctuations ===
In 2022, Kumar's first release was ''[[Bachchhan Paandey]]'', a remake of ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]'', where he played the titular role of a gangster, a name derived from Kumar's character in the 2008 film ''[[Tashan (film)|Tashan]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title='Bachchan Pandey': Akshay Kumar brings his 'Tashan' character back and the poster will remind you of a South Indian don |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-bachchan-pandey-akshay-kumar-brings-his-tashan-character-back-and-the-poster-will-remind-you-of-a-south-indian-don-2775917 |access-date=12 April 2022 |work=DNA |date=26 July 2019 |language=en |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412131244/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-bachchan-pandey-akshay-kumar-brings-his-tashan-character-back-and-the-poster-will-remind-you-of-a-south-indian-don-2775917 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film paired him with [[Kriti Sanon]], and also features [[Jacqueline Fernandez]] and [[Arshad Warsi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar starrer Bachchan Pandey to release on March 18, 2022; new posters unveiled |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-starrer-bachchan-pandey-release-march-18-2022-new-posters-unveiled/ |access-date=29 March 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=18 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118095513/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-starrer-bachchan-pandey-release-march-18-2022-new-posters-unveiled/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Despite an ensemble cast and hype among fans, ''Bachchhan Paandey'' gathered negative critical reception and [[Box office bomb|bombed at the box office]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=6172|title=Bachchhan Pandey - Movie - Box Office India|access-date=2 May 2024|archive-date=2 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502210231/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=6172|url-status=live}}</ref>

His next release was the historical film ''[[Samrat Prithviraj]]'' (2022), which was based on life of the Hindu warrior [[Prithviraj Chauhan]]. It also starred [[Sonu Sood]], [[Sanjay Dutt]] and debutant [[Manushi Chhillar]]. Released theatrically on 3 June 2022, the film opened to mixed reviews. Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote 'In order to tone down his body language and accent, Kumar has lost much of his trademark energy and could not develop the gravitas required to play the celebrated ruler. He growls like a lion who has lost his bite and despite all the air-brushing, doesn't look like the boy who became a Samrat in his 20s'.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 June 2022 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/samrat-prithviraj-movie-review-disappointing-akshay-kumar-stars-in-dreary-period-piece/article65490874.ece |title=Prithviraj review by Anuj Kumar |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 June 2022 |archive-date=5 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605081936/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/samrat-prithviraj-movie-review-disappointing-akshay-kumar-stars-in-dreary-period-piece/article65490874.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> Made on a budget of ₹200 crore, the film failed to recoup the massive investment and proved to be a disaster at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=6182|title=Prithviraj - Movie - Box Office India|access-date=17 April 2024|archive-date=17 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417061018/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=6182|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Gopalan |first=Krishna |date=6 June 2022 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/bollywoods-bad-luck-at-the-box-office-continues-as-akshay-kumars-samrat-prithviraj-drags-336514-2022-06-06 |title=Bollywood's bad luck at the box office continues as Akshay Kumar's 'Samrat Prithviraj' drags |magazine=Business Today |access-date=7 June 2022 |archive-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612065651/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/bollywoods-bad-luck-at-the-box-office-continues-as-akshay-kumars-samrat-prithviraj-drags-336514-2022-06-06 |url-status=live}}</ref>

His movie [[Raksha Bandhan (film)|''Rakshabandhan'']] which was released on the extended weekend of 5 days on 11 August received mixed reviews. ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "The film's engaging powerful anti-dowry sentiments, along with Akshay's brilliant comic timing, ensures that there is enough to keep the audience tied for two hours."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=11 August 2022 |title='Raksha Bandhan' movie review: Akshay Kumar shines in this festival crowd pleaser |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raksha-bandhan-movie-review-akshay-kumar-shines-in-this-festival-crowd-pleaser/article65758449.ece |access-date=23 August 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=23 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823110725/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raksha-bandhan-movie-review-akshay-kumar-shines-in-this-festival-crowd-pleaser/article65758449.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 1.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Do the filmmakers truly believe that such low-rent family dramas, with their uneasy mix of humour and crassness".<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2022 |title=Raksha Bandhan movie review: A committed Akshay Kumar can't save this mothballed, melodramatic film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/raksha-bandhan-review-akshay-kumar-bhumi-pednekar-8083718/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=23 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823125930/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/raksha-bandhan-review-akshay-kumar-bhumi-pednekar-8083718/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The film couldn't manage to impress the audience and scored poorly at the Indian ticket windows. The film managed to earn mere $4.2 million over the extended weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushal |first=Sweta |title=India Box Office: 'Laal Singh Chaddha', 'Raksha Bandhan' Score Low |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/swetakaushal/2022/08/16/india-box-office-laal-singh-chaddha-raksha-bandhan-score-low/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=23 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823110326/https://www.forbes.com/sites/swetakaushal/2022/08/16/india-box-office-laal-singh-chaddha-raksha-bandhan-score-low/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "Akshay Kumar got a golden opportunity in the film ''[[Ram Setu (film)|Ram Setu]]'' by [[Abhishek Sharma (director)|Abhishek Sharma]] released on 25 October 2022, as his character is unlike anything he has done in the recent past. ''Ram Setu'' embraces the best of the ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and National Treasure schools of storytelling with desi action".<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2022 |title=Ram Setu movie review: Akshay Kumar film is enjoyable desi take on Indiana Jones |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ram-setu-movie-review-akshay-kumar-film-is-enjoyable-desi-take-on-indiana-jones-101666686730206.html |access-date=11 November 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=27 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127213358/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ram-setu-movie-review-akshay-kumar-film-is-enjoyable-desi-take-on-indiana-jones-101666686730206.html |url-status=live}}</ref> With the poor performance of ''Ram Setu'', 2022 proved to be one of the worst years for Kumar in recent times.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Varsha |title='बच्चन पांडे' का भी रिकॉर्ड नहीं तोड़ पाई 'सम्राट पृथ्वीराज', मिली 'मेजर' और 'विक्रम' से टक्कर |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/box-office/samrat-prithviraj-box-office-collection-day-1-report-in-hindi-akshay-kumar-struggle-for-business/articleshow/91999279.cms |access-date=26 June 2023 |work=Navbharat Times |date=4 June 2022 |language=hi |archive-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626193741/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/box-office/samrat-prithviraj-box-office-collection-day-1-report-in-hindi-akshay-kumar-struggle-for-business/articleshow/91999279.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

His first release of 2023 was ''[[Selfiee]]'', an official remake of ''[[Driving Licence (film)|Driving Licence]]'', which also starred [[Emraan Hashmi]], [[Diana Penty]] and [[Nushrratt Bharuccha]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Dhaval |date=24 February 2023 |title=Selfiee Movie Review : A rib-tickling comedy peppered with good performances |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/selfiee/movie-review/98189997.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |access-date=24 February 2023 |archive-date=24 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224055723/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/selfiee/movie-review/98189997.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> This film too bombed at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/selfiee-box-office-collection-akshay-kumars-film-declared-a-huge-flop-collects-this-much-on-day11-10067930 |title=Selfiee Box Office Collection: Akshay Kumar's Film Declared a Huge Flop, Collects THIS Much on Day 11 |newspaper=English Jagran |date=7 March 2023 | access-date=12 March 2023 | archive-date=12 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312064249/https://english.jagran.com/entertainment/selfiee-box-office-collection-akshay-kumars-film-declared-a-huge-flop-collects-this-much-on-day11-10067930 | url-status=live}}</ref> Kumar next appeared in ''[[OMG 2 – Oh My God 2 (2022 Film)|OMG 2 – Oh my God 2]]'', a spiritual successor to ''OMG – Oh My God!'', where he played a messenger of [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-starts-shooting-for-omg-2-shares-first-look-posters/articleshow/87221027.cms |title=Akshay Kumar starts shooting for 'OMG 2', shares first-look posters |newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=12 March 2023 | archive-date=12 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312064244/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-starts-shooting-for-omg-2-shares-first-look-posters/articleshow/87221027.cms | url-status=live}}</ref> Ganesh Aaglave of ''[[Firstpost]]'' stated, "Akshay's character as the messenger of Lord Shiva seems to be an extended cameo. However, the actor impresses with his expressions and dialogues and delivers one of his best performances in recent times."<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2023 |title=Akshay Kumar, Pankaj Tripathi & Yami Gautam Dhar's OMG 2 movie review |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/omg-2-movie-review-akshay-kumar-pankaj-tripathi-yami-gautam-dhar-deliver-a-path-breaking-film-on-sex-education-12983932.html/amp |access-date=11 August 2023 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810201317/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/omg-2-movie-review-akshay-kumar-pankaj-tripathi-yami-gautam-dhar-deliver-a-path-breaking-film-on-sex-education-12983932.html/amp |url-status=live}}</ref> The film became a box office hit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OMG 2 Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/omg-2/box-office/ |access-date=12 August 2023 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=21 August 2023 |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812060949/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/omg-2/box-office/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumar next appeared opposite Parineeti Chopra as [[Jaswant Singh Gill]], a brave and diligent mining engineer in the disaster thriller ''[[Mission Raniganj]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/first-look-of-akshay-kumars-coal-mine-rescue-movie-is-out/articleshow/92754577.cms |title=Akshay Kumar's first look from the sets of 'Capsule Gill' leaked; leaves fans mighty impressed |newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=12 March 2023 | archive-date=11 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311073022/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/first-look-of-akshay-kumars-coal-mine-rescue-movie-is-out/articleshow/92754577.cms | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=11 May 2023 |title=SCOOP: Akshay Kumar's next on the 1989 mining operation titled The Great Indian Rescue : Bollywood News – Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/scoop-akshay-kumars-next-1989-mining-operation-titled-great-indian-rescue/ |access-date=11 May 2023 |language=en |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511131134/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/scoop-akshay-kumars-next-1989-mining-operation-titled-great-indian-rescue/ |url-status=live}}</ref> It received mixed to positive response from critics, but flopped miserably at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar admits Mission Raniganj 'hasn't done well' at the box office: 'I own up, but it is one of my best films' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-admits-mission-raniganj-hasnt-done-well-at-the-box-office-i-own-up-but-it-is-one-of-my-best-films-8977452/ |work=The Indian Express |date=11 October 2023 |access-date=25 March 2024 |archive-date=11 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011055718/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-admits-mission-raniganj-hasnt-done-well-at-the-box-office-i-own-up-but-it-is-one-of-my-best-films-8977452 |url-status=live}}</ref>

His first release of 2024 was [[Ali Abbas Zafar]]'s actioner ''[[Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (2024 film)|Bade Miyan Chote Miyan]]'' co-starring [[Tiger Shroff]].<ref>{{cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Bade Miyan Chote Miyan|id=bade_miyan_chote_miyan_2024
|type=m|access-date=17 April 2024}}</ref> Made at a budget of ₹350 crore, the film opened to largely negative reviews from critics and did a lifetime business of ₹102.16 crore at the worldwide box-office, thus proving to be a disaster and continuing the string of flops for Kumar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/bade-miyan-chote-miyan-review-akshay-kumar-tiger-shroff-ali-abbas-zafar-2526032-2024-04-11|title='Bade Miyan Chote Miyan' Review: Akshay-Tiger film falls short of serving a good Eidi|website=[[India Today]]|date=11 April 2024 |access-date=12 May 2024|archive-date=12 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512112643/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/bade-miyan-chote-miyan-review-akshay-kumar-tiger-shroff-ali-abbas-zafar-2526032-2024-04-11|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bollywood stares at Rs 250 cr loss with Bade Miyan Chote Miyan and Maidaan bombing; 'worst week' in Hindi films' history spotlights stars charging over Rs 100 cr as fees |language=en |website=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bollywood-rs-250-cr-loss-bade-miyan-chote-miyan-maidaan-bombing-worst-week-stars-charging-over-100-cr-fees-9288104/#google_vignette |date=26 April 2023 |access-date=12 May 2024 |archive-date=7 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507211651/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bollywood-rs-250-cr-loss-bade-miyan-chote-miyan-maidaan-bombing-worst-week-stars-charging-over-100-cr-fees-9288104/#google_vignette |url-status=live }}</ref> He was next seen in ''[[Sarfira]]'' alongside [[Radhika Madan]]. The movie was a remake of the Tamil hit ''[[Soorarai Pottru]]'', which itself was an adaptation of [[Air Deccan]] founder [[G. R. Gopinath]]'s memoir ''Simply Fly: A Deccan Odyssey''. The remake performed poorly at the box-office, collecting just ₹20 crores against a budget of ₹80 crores.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 June 2022 |title=Suriya shoots cameo with Akshay Kumar for Soorarai Pottru Hindi remake |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/suriya-shoots-cameo-with-akshay-kumar-for-soorarai-pottru-hindi-remake-1962812-2022-06-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615133838/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/suriya-shoots-cameo-with-akshay-kumar-for-soorarai-pottru-hindi-remake-1962812-2022-06-15 |archive-date=15 June 2022 |access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2024 |title=Sarfira advance booking: Kumar-starrer mints Rs 24 lakh, sells 12k tickets |url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/sarfira-advance-booking-kumar-starrer-mints-rs-24-lakh-sells-12k-tickets-124071100755_1.html |website=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2024 |title=Sarfira Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/sarfira/box-office/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> Following this, Kumar played a cosmetic surgeon in ''[[Khel Khel Mein (2024 film)|Khel Khel Mein]]'' alongside Vaani Kapoor.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 July 2024 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/khel-khel-mein-poster-fans-call-akshay-kumar-king-of-comedy-as-he-returns-to-the-genre-this-time-with-fardeen-khan-101721720536161.html |title=Khel Khel Mein: Fans call Akshay Kumar 'king of comedy' as he returns to the genre, this time with Fardeen Khan |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Akshay Kumar and co. wraps up shooting of 'Khel Khel Mein' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/akshay-kumar-wraps-up-shooting-of-khel-khel-mein/article68008793.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=30 March 2024 |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] noted, "The chemistry between the motley bunch of actors works in fits and starts but Akshay Kumar's gift of the gab come out tops."<ref>{{Cite web |first=Sukanya |last=Verma |title=Khel Khel Mein Review: Game Of Phones |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/khel-khel-mein-review/20240815.htm |date=15 August 2024 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> Despite positive reviews, it emerged another commercial failure for him.<ref>{{cite news |title=Khel Khel Mein Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/khel-khel-mein-2/box-office/ |access-date=15 August 2024 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> Kumar then reprised his character from ''Sooryavanshi'' in ''[[Singham Again]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2020 |title=Akshay Kumar will appear in Rohit Shetty's next Ajay Devgn starrer Singham 3 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-will-appear-rohit-shettys-next-ajay-devgn-starrer-singham-3/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230174828/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-will-appear-rohit-shettys-next-ajay-devgn-starrer-singham-3/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |access-date=30 December 2023 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Singham Again Movie Release, Review Live Updates: Akshay Kumar's cameo wins hearts, fans happy to see Salman in new look |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/singham-again-movie-review-live-updates-rohit-shetty-ajay-devgn-salman-khan-live-updates-9647928/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> His cameo was well received but the film was a commercial disappointment. Yet, it was one of the highest-grossing film of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2024/|title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide 2024|access-date=26 January 2024|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

=== 2025–present: Slight resurgence ===

Kumar's career saw a slight resurgence in 2025, when his last 2 films of the year performed decently at the box office, though his first 2 films of the year were unprofitable at the box office despite positive critical and audience reception.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sky Force, Kesari Chapter 2, Housefull 5: How Akshay Kumar has delivered three hits in a row this year |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sky-force-kesari-chapter-2-housefull-5-how-akshay-kumar-has-delivered-three-hits-in-a-row-this-year-13895995.html/amp |website=Firstpost |date=10 June 2025 |accessdate=10 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Akshay Kumar's box office revival: From a string of flops to a resurgent 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumars-box-office-revival-from-a-string-of-flops-to-a-resurgent-2025/articleshow/121749398.cms |website=The Times of India |date=11 June 2025 |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref> His first release came with ''[[Sky Force (film)|Sky Force]]'', based on India's first airstrike during the [[Sargodha Airbase|Sargodha airbase]] attack in the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|1965 Indo-Pakistani war]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pant |first=Asmita |date=24 January 2025 |title=Sky Force: The real story behind the 1965 Sargodha airstrike |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/sky-force-movie-real-story-behind-1965-sargodha-airstrike-akshay-kumar-veer-pahariya-19545661.htm |work=CNBCTV18 |access-date=25 January 2025}}</ref> This marked his second collaboration with [[Maddock Films]] following ''[[Stree 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=After 'Stree 2', will Akshay be part of Maddock Films' horror comedy universe? Dinesh Vijan has an answer |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/after-stree-2-will-akshay-be-part-of-maddock-films-horror-comedy-universe-dinesh-vijan-has-an-answer-334217505 |work=Deccan Herald |agency=PTI |date=5 January 2025 |access-date=25 January 2025}}</ref> Pragati Awasthi of ''[[WION]]'' wrote "the aura and energy he brings to his character always manages to capture viewer attention. While his performance isn't extraordinary, he still manages to make the audience feel emotional with his poignant scenes."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Awasthi |first=Pragati |date=24 January 2025 |title=Sky Force Review: Akshay Kumar and Veer Pahariya soar high in this perfect Republic Day watch |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/sky-force-movie-review-akshay-kumar-and-veer-pahariyas-film-is-a-perfect-republic-day-watch-8649231 |work=Wion |access-date=26 January 2025}}</ref> Despite positive reviews, the film wasn't very profitable at the box office due to its high budget.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushal |first=Sweta |title=India Box Office: 'Sky Force' Crosses $10 Million In First Weekend |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/swetakaushal/2025/01/28/india-box-office-sky-force-crosses-10-million-in-first-weekend/ |access-date=2 February 2025 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Following this, Kumar played advocate [[C. Sankaran Nair]] in ''[[Kesari Chapter 2]]'', which is set against the backdrop of the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] in 1919.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akshay Kumar begins filming for Karan Johar's next titled The Untold Story of C Sankaran Nair: Report |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-begins-filming-karan-johars-next-titled-untold-story-c-sankaran-nair-report/ |access-date=30 November 2023 |work=Bollywood Hungama|date=30 November 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Ritika |title=Akshay Kumar fans say 'Content Kumar is back' with Kesari Chapter 2 trailer, praise powerhouse clash with R Madhavan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-fans-say-content-kumar-is-back-with-kesari-chapter-2-trailer-praise-powerhouse-clash-with-r-madhavan-101743673585832.html |access-date=4 April 2025 |website=Hindustan Times|date=3 April 2025 }}</ref> Titas Chowdhury stated, "Akshay Kumar sheds off his aura as a superstar and chooses to lean on his acting prowess, taking it a notch higher than ''Sarfira''."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Choudhary |first=Titas |date=18 April 2025 |title=Kesari Chapter 2 Review: Akshay Kumar, R Madhavan Are Fiery In This Courtroom Drama; Ananya Panday Holds Her Own |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kesari-chapter-2-review-akshay-kumar-r-madhavan-are-fiery-in-this-courtroom-drama-ananya-panday-holds-her-own-9304175.html |work=News18 |access-date=18 April 2025}}</ref> The film, like ''Sky Force'', wasn't profitable at the box office due to its high budget despite positive reviews.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2025 |title=Karan Johar Celebrates Kesari Chapter 2's IMDB Milestone and Box Office Success |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/karan-johar-celebrates-kesari-chapter-2s-imdb-milestone-and-box-office-success-aa-9333987.html |work=News18 |access-date=13 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 May 2025 |title=With 'Jaat', 'Kesari 2', 'Raid 2' - the box office is on a roll with a sum of Rs 300 crore within a month; Sunny Deol, Akshay Kumar, Ajay Devgn give renewed hope to theatres |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/with-jaat-kesari-2-raid-2-the-box-office-is-on-a-roll-with-a-sum-of-rs-300-crore-within-a-month-sunny-deol-akshay-kumar-ajay-devgn-give-renewed-hope-to-theatres-exclusive-analysis/articleshow/121116956.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=13 May 2025}}</ref> Kumar next played one of the primary character in ''[[Housefull 5]]'' opposite [[Nargis Fakhri]] and Jacqueline Fernandez. The film was released in two versions, titled ''Housefull 5A'' and ''Housefull 5B'', each featuring a different climax and murderer.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |title=Inside Sajid Nadiadwala's 'Housefull 5' Multiple Endings Gambit: 'Bringing Back That Element of Surprise' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/sajid-nadiadwala-housefull-5-multiple-endings-1236413688/ |website=Variety |date=30 May 2025 |accessdate=30 May 2025}}</ref> Rishabh Suri opined: "Akshay knows exactly what's expected of him. This is classic Akshay comedy territory, and he makes even the flat writing work."<ref>{{cite web |title=Housefull 5 review: Akshay Kumar and Ritesh Deshmukh anchor this cruise drama; climax makes up for the flaws |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/housefull-5-review-akshay-kumar-and-ritesh-deshmukh-anchor-this-cruise-drama-climax-makes-up-for-the-flaws-101749203508563-amp.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=6 June 2025 |accessdate=6 June 2025}}</ref> A moderate commercial success, his first since ''OMG 2'', it emerged as [[List of Hindi films of 2025|one of the highest-grossing films]] of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2025 |title=Housefull 5 Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/housefull-5/box-office/ |access-date=7 June 2025 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Top Grossers Worldwide 2025">{{cite web |title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide 2025 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2025/ |access-date=25 January 2025 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> Kumar then portrayed Lord [[Shiva]] opposite [[Kajal Aggarwal]] in a cameo appearance in the Telugu film ''[[Kannappa (film)|Kannappa]]'', which bombed at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Jyoti |date=27 May 2025 |title='Akshay Kumar rejected me twice, had to request Sudha Kongara to convince him,' recalls Kannappa star Vishnu Manchu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-rejected-me-twice-had-to-request-sudha-kongara-to-convince-him-recalls-kannappa-star-vishnu-manchu-couldnt-afford-his-fees-10031294/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=28 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528023111/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-rejected-me-twice-had-to-request-sudha-kongara-to-convince-him-recalls-kannappa-star-vishnu-manchu-couldnt-afford-his-fees-10031294/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In his last release of the year ''[[Jolly LLB 3]]'', Kumar reprised his role of an advocate from ''Jolly LLB 2'' alongside [[Arshad Warsi]], who reprised his role from ''[[Jolly LLB]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2025 |title='Jolly LLB 3' teaser: Akshay Kumar and Arshad Warsi's hilarious face-off in the courtroom leaves judge saurabh shukla in trouble|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/jolly-llb-3-teaser-akshay-kumar-and-arshad-warsis-hilarious-face-off-in-the-courtroom-leaves-judge-saurabh-shukla-in-trouble/articleshow/123252771.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=12 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akshay Kumar's 'Gutka Nahi Khana Chahiye' Remark At Jolly LLB 3 Launch In Kanpur Goes Viral {{!}} WATCH |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/akshay-kumars-gutka-nahi-khana-chahiye-remark-at-jolly-llb-3-launch-in-kanpur-goes-viral-watch-ws-kl-9564915.html |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Vineeta Kumar of ''[[India Today]]'' noted, "Akshay is a delight to watch. His sharp one-liners land effortlessly."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Vineeta |date=19 September 2025 |title=Jolly LLB 3 review: Akshay-Arshad bring charm but Saurabh Shukla owns the courtroom |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/jolly-llb-3-movie-review-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-bring-charm-but-saurabh-shukla-owns-the-courtroom-2789835-2025-09-19 |access-date=19 September 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The film emerged as yet another moderate commercial success and one of the highest-grossing film of the year.<ref name="Top Grossers Worldwide 2025" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2025 |title=Jolly LLB 3 Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jolly-llb-3/box-office/ |access-date=20 September 2025 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Other work ==

=== Television ===

In 2004, Kumar presented seven-part miniseries ''[[Seven Deadly Arts with Akshay Kumar]]'' for free,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fernandes |first1=Vivek |title=Akshay Kumar: Winning hearts with martial arts! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/apr/26akshay.htm |access-date=6 November 2014 |work=Rediff.com |date=26 April 2004 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924142634/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/apr/26akshay.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> played master and learner as he introduces viewers to each of the seven part of martial arts-[[kalaripayattu]], [[Shaolin Kung Fu]], karate, [[taekwondo]], [[aikido]], [[Muay Thai]], [[capoeira]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sahota |first1=Baldev |title=Akshay Kumar's Karate-do a Hit |url=http://www.desiblitz.com/content/akshay-kumars-karate-do-a-hit |access-date=8 November 2014 |work=Desi Blitz |date=3 November 2011 |archive-date=8 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108141132/http://www.desiblitz.com/content/akshay-kumars-karate-do-a-hit |url-status=live}}</ref> the show aired on every following Sunday.<ref>{{cite news |title=Seven deadly arts with Akshay Kumar! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/seven-deadly-arts-with-akshay-kumar-news-bollywood-kkfvMdeccaisi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031122510/http://www.sify.com/movies/seven-deadly-arts-with-akshay-kumar-news-bollywood-kkfvMdeccaisi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 October 2014 |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=21 October 2014 |date=26 April 2004}}</ref> The following year Kumar was awarded the highest Japanese honour of "Katana" and a sixth degree [[Black belt (martial arts)|black belt]] in Kuyukai [[Gōjū-ryū]] karate.

Since 2008, Kumar started India's stunt/action [[reality game show]] – "[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi]]". He hosted [[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi|Season 1]], [[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi|Season 2]] and [[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 4|Season 4]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/akshay-kumar-back-to-khatron-ke-khiladi-season-4/148294-8-66.html |title=Akshay Kumar back to Khatron Ke Khiladi season 4 |date=5 April 2011 |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=31 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810191721/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/akshay-kumar-back-to-khatron-ke-khiladi-season-4/148294-8-66.html |archive-date=10 August 2014}}</ref> The show was widely accepted and appreciated, became hugely successful in popular culture.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/khatron-ke-khiladi-torchaar-gets-maximum-ratings-ever-620005 |title=Khatron Ke Khiladi – Torchaar Gets Maximum Ratings Ever | access-date=11 October 2022 | archive-date=11 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011070256/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/khatron-ke-khiladi-torchaar-gets-maximum-ratings-ever-620005 | url-status=live}}</ref> It is still being run by [[Rohit Shetty]].

In 2011, Kumar hosted India's first [[MasterChef India (Hindi TV series)|''MasterChef'']] television show on [[Star Plus]], was viewed by 18.2 million viewers and went to prove that Indian audiences are open to experimenting and look forward to innovations in television entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Master Chef India Finale garners 4.2 TVRs |url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-corporate/master-chef-india-finale-garners-4-2-tvrs-113101801665_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606054925/https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-corporate/master-chef-india-finale-garners-4-2-tvrs-113101801665_1.html |archive-date=6 June 2021 |website=[[India Infoline]]}}</ref>

In 2014, He hosted another reality show ''[[Dare 2 Dance]]'' as a mentor, which aired on [[Life OK]] from 6 September. It broke the norms of a regular dance format with a commitment of a 'first of its kind. A dance show where trained and famed dancers wasn't judged only on the basis of their dance performances, but they had to perform stunts.survive on the dance floor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-dare-2-dance-to-air-on-life-ok-on-september-6-2010604 |title='Dare 2 Dance' to air on Life OK on September 6 | access-date=11 October 2022 | archive-date=11 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011070256/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-dare-2-dance-to-air-on-life-ok-on-september-6-2010604 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/sanam-johar-wins-dare-2-dance-thanks-akshay-kumar/story-EfO9hxfHC4eEJabxBO3UrK.html |title=Sanam Johar wins Dare 2 Dance, thanks Akshay Kumar |work=Hindustan Times |date=28 October 2014 | access-date=11 October 2022 | archive-date=11 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011070256/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/sanam-johar-wins-dare-2-dance-thanks-akshay-kumar/story-EfO9hxfHC4eEJabxBO3UrK.html | url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, Kumar also produced a successful television serial [[Jamai Raja (2014 TV series)|''Jamai Raja'']] (2014), starring [[Ravi Dubey]] and [[Nia Sharma]], which established them leading actors in Indian television industry''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Akshay-Kumar-turns-TV-producer/articleshow/38208736.cms? |title=Akshay Kumar turns TV producer |website=[[The Times of India]] |last1=Maheshwri |first1=Neha | access-date=11 October 2022 | archive-date=15 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315114907/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Akshay-Kumar-turns-TV-producer/articleshow/38208736.cms | url-status=live}}</ref>''

In 2017, he judged ''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/akshay-kumar-to-judge-the-great-indian-laughter-challenge-releases-the-teaser/articleshow/59410250.cms |title=Akshay Kumar to judge the Great Indian Laughter Challenge; releases the teaser |website=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=11 October 2022 | archive-date=3 September 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903104305/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/akshay-kumar-to-judge-the-great-indian-laughter-challenge-releases-the-teaser/articleshow/59410250.cms | url-status=live}}</ref> with [[Mallika Dua]], [[Hussain Dalal]] and [[Zakir Khan (comedian)|Zakir Khan]], later they were replaced by [[Sajid Khan]] and [[Shreyas Talpade]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/the-great-indian-laughter-challenge-trps-get-a-boost-after-sajid-khan-and-shreyas-talpade-join-show-18761182 |title=The Great Indian Laughter Challenge TRPS get a boost with Sajid and Shreyas |date=22 November 2017 | access-date=11 October 2022 | archive-date=12 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012222425/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/the-great-indian-laughter-challenge-trps-get-a-boost-after-sajid-khan-and-shreyas-talpade-join-show-18761182 | url-status=live}}</ref> The show made many popular names including [[Vishwash Chauhan]] and [[Shyam Rangeela]].

Kumar joined [[Bear Grylls]] for an episode in "[[Man vs. Wild|Into The Wild]]", which aired on Discovery channel on 14 September 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/key-takeaways-into-the-wild-with-bear-grylls-akshay-kumar-special-episode-6592299/ |title=Into the Wild with Bear Grylls and Akshay Kumar episode: Key takeaways |date=14 September 2020 | access-date=11 October 2022 | archive-date=11 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011070256/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/key-takeaways-into-the-wild-with-bear-grylls-akshay-kumar-special-episode-6592299/ | url-status=live}}</ref> The episode was second highest-rated show in the infotainment genre ([[Discovery Channel]]) in terms of TRP. 1.1 crore people watched the premiere on Discovery Network channels.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-into-the-wild-with-bear-grylls-and-akshay-kumar-creates-history-on-tv-here-s-how-2845106 |title='Into the Wild with Bear Grylls and Akshay Kumar' creates history on TV; here's how | access-date=11 October 2022 | archive-date=11 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011070257/https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-into-the-wild-with-bear-grylls-and-akshay-kumar-creates-history-on-tv-here-s-how-2845106 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/lifestyle/entertainment/akshay-kumars-into-the-wild-with-bear-grylls-episode-breaks-viewership-records/ |title=Akshay Kumar's 'Into the Wild with Bear Grylls' Episode Breaks Viewership Records |date=25 September 2020 | access-date=11 October 2022 | archive-date=11 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011070307/https://www.mansworldindia.com/entertainment/akshay-kumars-into-the-wild-with-bear-grylls-episode-breaks-viewership-records/amp/ | url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2025, Kumar will appear as an investor and mentor on ''[[Pitch to Get Rich]]'', a fashion-focused reality series produced by [[Jio Studios]], Dharmatic Entertainment, and the {{ill|Fashion Entrepreneur Fund|en}}.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kaur |first=Arshdeep |date=29 September 2025 |title=Pitch To Get Rich OTT release date: when and where to watch Karan Johar's fashion reality show online |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/pitch-to-get-rich-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-karan-johars-fashion-reality-show-online-11759486801052.html |work=Livemint |access-date=8 October 2025}}</ref>

In January 2026, he will appear as the host of the Indian version of American's gameshow ''[[Wheel of Fortune (American game show)|Wheel of Fortune]]'' produced by [[Sony Entertainment Television]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wheel of Fortune promo: Akshay Kumar breaks new rule of luck, success and money {{!}} Watch |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/wheel-of-fortune-promo-akshay-kumar-breaks-new-rule-of-luck-success-and-money-watch/08f4393500339 |access-date=16 January 2026 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

=== Fitness work and stage performances ===
Kumar promotes health fitness and exercising, stays in shape with a combination of kickboxing, basketball, swimming and [[Parkour]] as well as working out. While in standard eighth he had started practising Karate. He intended to open a martial arts school and the state government of [[Maharashtra]] allotted land for the school in Bhayandar.<ref name="Bhayandar">{{cite news |last=Ruhani |first=Faheem |title=Akshay Kumar lends glamour to kabaddi, buys a team |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/akshay-kumar-kabaddi-buys-team-maharashtra-government-world-kabaddi-league-197267-2014-06-17 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=21 August 2014 |date=17 June 2014 |archive-date=22 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822211006/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/akshay-kumar-kabaddi-buys-team-maharashtra-government-world-kabaddi-league/1/367298.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Akshay Kumar with his wife Twinkle Khanna in 2015.jpg|thumb|left|Kumar with his wife [[Twinkle Khanna]] at the launch of Khanna's book ''[[Mrs Funnybones]]'' in 2015]] He helped Khanna with editing the drafts of her debut book ''[[Mrs Funnybones]]''.<ref name=TH>{{cite news |author1=Press Trust of India |title=Twinkle Khanna's Mrs Funnybones is now a book |url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/twinkle-khannas-mrs-funnybones-is-now-a-book/article7558757.ece |access-date=8 September 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]] |publisher=[[The Hindu Group]] |date=20 August 2015 |location=Mumbai|author1-link=Press Trust of India |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107054738/http://www.thehindu.com/books/twinkle-khannas-mrs-funnybones-is-now-a-book/article7558757.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> He is a [[Teetotalism|teetotaller]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Trivedi|first=Tanvi|title=I don't smoke or drink: Akshay|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 April 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-dont-smoke-or-drink-Akshay/articleshow/7989182.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807091731/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-dont-smoke-or-drink-Akshay/articleshow/7989182.cms|archive-date=7 August 2017}}</ref> but has endorsed for a liquor brand in the past. Half of the sum was given for ''[[dāna|daan]]'' (charity work), of which he has been doing more of in recent times.<ref name="m.mid-day.com" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Thakkar |first1=Mehul S |title=Teetotaller Akshay endorses alcohol but for 'charity' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Teetotaller-Akshay-endorses-alcohol-but-for-charity/articleshow/17304750.cms |access-date=6 November 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=21 November 2012 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107054738/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Teetotaller-Akshay-endorses-alcohol-but-for-charity/articleshow/17304750.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, one of his fan travelled from [[Haryana]] to Mumbai, to meet him. The journey took him 42 days. When he reached Kumar's building, he was informed that Kumar was in Casablanca. The fan stayed outside the building for one week before Kumar met him.<ref>{{cite news |title=An Akshay Kumar fan walked for 42 days from Haryana to Mumbai to meet the actor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-an-akshay-kumar-fan-walked-for-42-days-from-haryana-to-mumbai-to-meet-the-actor-1939434 |access-date=6 November 2014 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=23 December 2013 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=6 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106142824/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-an-akshay-kumar-fan-walked-for-42-days-from-haryana-to-mumbai-to-meet-the-actor-1939434 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumar has come out in support and lauded the Sports Minister [[Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore]] for his stand against corruption. The minister said that the government entrusted CBI in the investigation against the corrupt officials in sports department.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/rajyavardhan-rathore-akshay-kumar-discuss-fitness-during-live-instagram-session/articleshow/67182613.cms |title=Rajyavardhan Rathore, Akshay Kumar discuss fitness during live Instagram session |website=The Times of India |date=21 December 2018 | access-date=11 October 2022 | archive-date=11 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011111301/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/rajyavardhan-rathore-akshay-kumar-discuss-fitness-during-live-instagram-session/articleshow/67182613.cms | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/akshay-kumar-lauds-sports-minister-rajyavardhan-singh-rathore-for-his-fight-against-corruption-in-sports |title=Akshay Kumar lauds Sports Minister Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore for his fight against corruption in sports | access-date=12 October 2022 | archive-date=14 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014182320/https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/entertainment/akshay-kumar-lauds-sports-minister-rajyavardhan-singh-rathore-for-his-fight-against-corruption-in-sports | url-status=live}}</ref>

On 9 August 2014, Kumar performed at his 500th live show. The show was held in O2 Arena in London as part of the inaugural function of the World Kabaddi League. His first live show was held in 1991 in Delhi. Kumar owns [[Bengal Warriors]] a team in the Indian Kabbadi League.<ref name="Bhayandar" /><ref name="Liveshow">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Prashant |title=Akshay Kumar's 500th live show in London |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-s-500th-live-show-in-london/article1-1248791.aspx |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=10 August 2014 |location=Mumbai |date=6 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807033148/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-s-500th-live-show-in-london/article1-1248791.aspx |archive-date=7 August 2014}}</ref> Akshay Kumar sets himself on fire at his upcoming The End series launch with [[Prime Video]], says he's a stuntman first and actor later.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-sets-himself-on-fire-at-the-end-launch-says-he-s-a-stuntman-first-and-actor-later/story-eCfx6Phw8sEposd1fo6a3O.html |title=Akshay Kumar sets himself on fire at the End launch, says he's a stuntman first and actor later |work=Hindustan Times |date=5 March 2019 | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=9 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009180922/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-sets-himself-on-fire-at-the-end-launch-says-he-s-a-stuntman-first-and-actor-later/story-eCfx6Phw8sEposd1fo6a3O_amp.html | url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Production ===
{{Main|Cape Of Good Films|Grazing Goat Pictures}}

== Personal life ==
[[File:Akshay Kumar with family.jpg|thumb|right|Kumar with his wife Twinkle Khanna and mother-in-law [[Dimple Kapadia]] in 2014]]

=== Relationships and family ===
During late 90s, Kumar was in a relationship with actress [[Raveena Tandon]]. Although they were engaged, they later parted ways.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Raveena Tandon says she is friends with Akshay Kumar: I think of him very highly |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/raveena-tandon-says-she-is-friends-with-akshay-kumar-i-think-of-him-very-highly-2381274-2023-05-19 |magazine=India Today |date=19 May 2023 |access-date=12 January 2024 |archive-date=22 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522045219/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/celebrities/story/raveena-tandon-says-she-is-friends-with-akshay-kumar-i-think-of-him-very-highly-2381274-2023-05-19 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Dishya |date=13 May 2023 |title=Raveena Tandon talks about her broken engagement with Akshay Kumar in viral video, says 'He wanted...' |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/raveena-tandon-talks-about-her-broken-engagement-with-akshay-kumar-in-viral-video-says-he-wanted-7807873.html |work=News18 India |access-date=12 January 2024 |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513195200/https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/raveena-tandon-talks-about-her-broken-engagement-with-akshay-kumar-in-viral-video-says-he-wanted-7807873.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Later from 1997 to 2000, Kumar was in a relationship with actress [[Shilpa Shetty]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Shilpa Shetty on ex-flame Akshay Kumar: all that was long back |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/shilpa-shetty-on-ex-flame-akshay-kumar-all-that-was-long-back/story-CEJz44iBnBhrJv3sBqxbAK.html |magazine=Hindustan Times |date=12 November 2013 |access-date=14 January 2024 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528045219/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/shilpa-shetty-on-ex-flame-akshay-kumar-all-that-was-long-back/story-CEJz44iBnBhrJv3sBqxbAK.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Kumar met actress [[Twinkle Khanna]], the daughter of actors [[Rajesh Khanna]] and [[Dimple Kapadia]], during a photo session for ''[[Filmfare]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Raghuvendra |title="I never had to do anything to impress Twinkle" – Akshay Kumar |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/i-never-had-to-do-anything-to-impress-twinkle-akshay-kumar-3269.html |access-date=3 March 2015 |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=28 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912201912/http://www.filmfare.com/features/i-never-had-to-do-anything-to-impress-twinkle-akshay-kumar-3269.html |archive-date=12 September 2015}}</ref> Kumar married Khanna on 17 January 2001. Together have a son (Aarav, born 2002) and a daughter (Nitara, born 2012).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/CONGRATS-Akshay-Kumar-Twinkle-Khanna-blessed-with-a-baby-girl/Article1-935239.aspx |title=CONGRATS! Akshay Kumar-Twinkle Khanna blessed with a baby girl |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=25 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925195430/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/CONGRATS-Akshay-Kumar-Twinkle-Khanna-blessed-with-a-baby-girl/Article1-935239.aspx |archive-date=25 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Akshay-Twinkle-set-to-welcome-their-second-child/articleshow/14228790.cms | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715063233/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-18/news-interviews/32298040_1_twinkle-akshay-kumar-aarav | url-status=live | archive-date=15 July 2012 |title=Akshay, Twinkle set to welcome their second child |date=18 June 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He is known as a protective father and keeps his children away from the media. He stated that he wants to "give them a normal childhood."<ref>{{cite news |title=Better to keep children away from limelight, says Akshay Kumar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/akshay-kumar-children-limelight-holiday-father-197017-2014-06-15 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=21 August 2014 |location=Mumbai |date=15 June 2014 |archive-date=22 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822212514/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/akshay-kumar-children-limelight-holiday-father/1/367011.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumar often credits Khanna for his success.<ref>{{cite news |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |title=On Mother's Day Akshay thanks Twinkle for his success |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/potpourri/on-mothers-day-akshay-thanks-twinkle-for-his-success.html |access-date=3 March 2015 |work=[[The Pioneer (India)|Daily Pioneer]] |date=12 May 2013 |location=New Delhi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003220230/http://www.dailypioneer.com/potpourri/on-mothers-day-akshay-thanks-twinkle-for-his-success.html |archive-date=3 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |title=Twinkle is my lucky charm: Akshay Kumar |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66422/twinkle-my-lucky-charm-akshay.html |access-date=3 March 2015 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=28 April 2010 |location=New Delhi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402151634/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66422/twinkle-my-lucky-charm-akshay.html |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>

In 2009, while performing at a show for Levis at [[Lakmé Fashion Week|Lakme Fashion Week]], Kumar asked Twinkle to unbutton his jeans. This incident sparked a controversy which led to a police case being filed against them.<ref name="HTOTY">{{cite news |last=Marwah |first=Navdeep Kaur |title=Over The Years: The rise of Mr Khiladi |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/over-the-years-the-rise-of-mr-khiladi/article1-934443.aspx |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=22 August 2014 |location=New Delhi |date=23 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027093350/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/OVER-THE-YEARS-The-rise-of-Mr-Khiladi/Article1-934443.aspx |archive-date=27 October 2013}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
Kumar was initially religious, till 2017 being a practising [[Shaiva]] [[Hindu]] who regularly visited shrines and temples across the country, including the famed [[Vaishno Devi Mandir]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/interviews/akshay-kumar-on-gabbar-is-back-i-have-a-great/article_8b2b61f8-f054-11e4-a4e5-7f162b79a4f6.html |title=Akshay Kumar Proclaims He's A 'Shiv Bhakt' As Well As His Grandfather |date=1 May 2015 |work=India-West |access-date=11 March 2020 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124412/https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/interviews/akshay-kumar-on-gabbar-is-back-i-have-a-great/article_8b2b61f8-f054-11e4-a4e5-7f162b79a4f6.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/pic-akshay-kumar-signs-mogul-at-the-lord-shiva-temple-in-maheshwar/articleshow/57988782.cms |title=Pic: Akshay Kumar signs 'Mogul' at the Lord Shiva temple in Maheshwar |date=3 April 2017 |website=The Times of India |access-date=11 March 2020 |archive-date=18 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418073454/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/pic-akshay-kumar-signs-mogul-at-the-lord-shiva-temple-in-maheshwar/articleshow/57988782.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/maha-shivratri-akshay-kumar-tweeted-the-best-shiva-message-we-are-already-sending-it-to-friends-4541225/lite/ |title=Maha Shivaratri: Akshay Kumar tweeted the best Shiva message. We are already sending it to friends |date=24 February 2017 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=11 March 2020 |archive-date=9 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124435/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/maha-shivratri-akshay-kumar-tweeted-the-best-shiva-message-we-are-already-sending-it-to-friends-4541225/lite/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="m.mid-day.com">{{Cite news |url=https://m.mid-day.com/amp/articles/bollywood-news-akshay-kumar-mandir-temple-true-meaning-social-messages-films/18216155 |title=Akshay Kumar reveals what he feels is the true meaning of 'mandir' |date=2 May 2017 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |access-date=11 March 2020 |agency=IANS |archive-date=9 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124313/https://m.mid-day.com/amp/articles/bollywood-news-akshay-kumar-mandir-temple-true-meaning-social-messages-films/18216155 |url-status=live}}</ref> while in 2018 he said "there is only one God" and was [[Secularism in India|against bringing religion into politics]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 March 2018 |title=Bringing religion into politics not done, says Akshay Kumar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/bringing-religion-into-politics-not-done-says-akshay-kumar/story-3QopL64wzxQ54cMn1tUHYM.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325090015/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/bringing-religion-into-politics-not-done-says-akshay-kumar/story-3QopL64wzxQ54cMn1tUHYM.html |archive-date=25 March 2018 |access-date=12 December 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> but in March 2020 he stated, "I don't believe in any religion. I only believe in being Indian".<ref>{{cite news |title=Akshay Kumar: 'I don't believe in any religion, I only believe in being Indian' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-i-don-t-believe-in-any-religion-i-only-believe-in-being-indian/story-U9w2JZxQVa84iTidAhLGDJ.html |access-date=10 March 2020 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=8 March 2020 |language=en |archive-date=10 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310103025/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-i-don-t-believe-in-any-religion-i-only-believe-in-being-indian/story-U9w2JZxQVa84iTidAhLGDJ.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Citizenship ===
Sometime during or after the [[2011 Canadian federal election]], the [[Conservative Party (Canada)|Conservative]] government there granted Canadian citizenship to Kumar by invoking a little-known law which allowed circumventing the usual residency requirement for Canadian immigrants.<ref name=National-Post-21-May-2019 /> According to a former Conservative Party minister, [[Tony Clement]], the citizenship was awarded in return for Kumar's offer of putting his "star power to use to advance Canada-Indian relations," and Canada's "trade relations, commercial relations, in the movie sector, in the tourism sector."<ref name=National-Post-21-May-2019 /> Although Kumar had earlier appeared in a campaign event for Conservative Prime Minister [[Stephen Harper]] in [[Brampton]], Ontario, a city with a large Indo-Canadian population,<ref name=toronto-star-2009>{{citation |last=Cheadle |first=Bruce |date=16 November 2009 |title=Harper goes Bollywood to sell Canada in India |work=The Star |location=Toronto |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2009/11/16/harper_goes_bollywood_to_sell_canada_in_india.html |quote="The sobering reminder of the entire region's often inflamed ethnic and religious violence stood in jarring contrast to Harper's next stop: a feel-good photo-opportunity in the penthouse of a pricey modern hotel with Akshay Kumar, an A-list Bollywood star and an Indo-Canadian, who brought out a huge throng of Indian media to an event promoting Canadian tourism. Harper also announced that Kumar, a black belt in karate, will be a torchbearer for the 2010 Winter Olympics." |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date=13 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713065537/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2009/11/16/harper_goes_bollywood_to_sell_canada_in_india.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and praised Harper, Clement denied that the citizenship was a reward for partisan support.<ref name=National-Post-21-May-2019>{{citation |last=Blackwell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2019 |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/bollywood-actor-who-campaigned-for-stephen-harper-was-granted-canadian-citizenship-by-conservative-government |title=Bollywood actor who campaigned for Stephen Harper was granted Canadian citizenship by Conservative government |newspaper=Nationalpost |publisher=National Post |access-date=29 May 2020 |quote="In the thick of the 2011 federal election, Stephen Harper appeared in the Indo-Canadian heartland of Ontario with a ringer. At a campaign stop in Brampton, Bollywood mega-star Akshay Kumar praised the then prime minister, danced on stage with his wife, Laureen Harper, and thrilled the audience. And at some point, the Harper government invoked a little-known law to grant the actor Canadian citizenship, circumventing the usual, stringent residency requirements for would-be Canadians, says a former Conservative cabinet minister. MP Tony Clement, who as industry minister met with Kumar in Mumbai, says the citizenship grant was just a thank you for the actor's help in promoting Canadian tourism and trade to a huge emerging economy – not a reward for partisan support. 'Basically, he had offered to put that star power to use to advance Canada-India relations, our trade relations, our commercial relations, in the movie sector, in the tourism sector,' said Clement." |archive-date=29 May 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200529234445/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/bollywood-actor-who-campaigned-for-stephen-harper-was-granted-canadian-citizenship-by-conservative-government |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumar had received an honorary doctorate degree from the [[University of Windsor]], and in a 2010 interview with the ''Economist'' claimed he had "dual citizenship."<ref>{{cite news |title=The Q&A: Akshay Kumar, Bollywood ambassador |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2010/10/indian_cinema |access-date=23 June 2017 |newspaper=The Economist |archive-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812055813/https://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2010/10/indian_cinema |url-status=live}}</ref> He was one of the 15 international celebrities invited for the Olympics torch-bearer rally to Canada.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/fitness/Akshay-Kumars-fitness-mantra/articleshow/9440429.cms |title=Akshay Kumar's fitness mantra |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=1 January 1970 |access-date=2 August 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224195125/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/fitness/Akshay-Kumars-fitness-mantra/articleshow/9440429.cms |archive-date=24 December 2011}}</ref>

In December 2019, Kumar stated that he had applied for an [[Indian passport]] and planned to give up his [[Canadian citizenship]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/akshay-kumar-i-have-applied-for-an-indian-passport-but-i-am-hurt-that-i-have-to-prove-my-nationality-i-am-indian-to-resume-indian-citizenship-netizens-react-1626096-2019-12-07 |title=Akshay Kumar: I've applied for an Indian passport but I'm hurt that I have to prove my nationality |date=7 December 2019 |website=India Today |access-date=7 December 2019 |archive-date=7 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207081951/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/celebrities/story/akshay-kumar-i-have-applied-for-an-indian-passport-but-i-am-hurt-that-i-have-to-prove-my-nationality-i-am-indian-to-resume-indian-citizenship-netizens-react-1626096-2019-12-07 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 August 2023, on the occasion of [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]], Kumar confirmed he had got Indian citizenship back and renounced his Canadian citizenship as required by Indian law.<ref name="HT_15Aug2023">{{Cite news |date=15 August 2023 |title=Akshay Kumar gets Indian citizenship, shares proof on Twitter: 'Dil aur citizenship, dono Hindustani' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-gets-indian-citizenship-shares-proof-on-twitter-101692081610166.html |access-date=15 August 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |archive-date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065154/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-gets-indian-citizenship-shares-proof-on-twitter-101692081610166.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== In the media ==
[[File:AkshayKumar02.jpg|thumb|right|Kumar in 2013]]

In [[Indian Media|Indian media]], Kumar is referred as ''Khiladi'' or ''Khiladi Kumar'' for doing so many dangerous stunts by himself and also because of his [[Khiladi (franchise)|''Khiladi'' film series]]. In 2009, [[Madame Tussauds]] wanted to make his wax figure next because he has an international fan following. But he declined and a source close to him said,"Akshay does not want to be waxed because he does not think it is of that great importance".<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Mandvi |date= 2 May 2009 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-declines-to-be-waxed/articleshow/4472851.cms |title=Akshay declines to be waxed! |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=15 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415210233/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Akshay-declines-to-be-waxed/articleshow/4472851.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> From 2015, he was continuously featured in ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}}s highest paid actors top 10 list.<ref name="Dahiya">{{Cite news |last=Dahiya |first=Medha Shri |author-link=Medha Shri Dahiya |date=9 August 2015 |title=Akshay Kumar: Chandni Chowk to Forbes highest-paid actors |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-chandni-chowk-to-forbes-highest-paid-actors/story-07mULTHhB8jpXeEJGLqeUO.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722044558/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-chandni-chowk-to-forbes-highest-paid-actors/story-07mULTHhB8jpXeEJGLqeUO.html |archive-date=22 July 2020 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> In 2019, he was fourth highest paid actor in the world behind [[Dwayne Johnson]], [[Chris Hemsworth]] and [[Robert Downey Jr.]] On the ''Forbes US'' list of World's 33rd Highest Earner with $65M.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Berg |first1=Madeline |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2019/08/21/the-highest-paid-actors-2019-dwayne-johnson-bradley-cooper-and-chris-hemsworth/ |title=The Highest-Paid Actors 2019: Dwayne Johnson, Bradley Cooper and Chris Hemsworth |website=[[Forbes]] | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=9 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009091849/https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2019/08/21/the-highest-paid-actors-2019-dwayne-johnson-bradley-cooper-and-chris-hemsworth/amp/ | url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, He ranked sixth and only Indian actor in top 10 of highest paid actors list with $48.5M.<ref name="Kaushik" /> Kumar is the first Indian film actor, whose films' [[List of highest domestic net collection of Hindi films|domestic net lifetime collections]] crossed [[1000 Crore Club|{{INRConvert|20|b|year=2013|mode=historical}}]] by 2013, and {{INRConvert|30|b|year=2016|mode=historical}} by 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5792 |title=Akshay Kumar Has A Historic Year |website=[[Box Office India]] |publisher=Box Office India Trade Network |date=8 January 2019 |access-date=8 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226204807/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5792 |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/hit-count-actor.php |title=Hit Count Actor All Time |date=15 July 2016 |access-date= 15 July 2016 |archive-date= 12 July 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160712185744/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/hit-count-actor.php |url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>*{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/forget-rs-100-crore-club-akshay-kumar-is-now-a-rs-2-000-crore-hero_128129.htm |title=Forget Rs 100 crore club, Akshay Kumar is now a Rs 2,000 crore hero! |publisher=[[Zee News]] |access-date=9 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217140601/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/forget-rs-100-crore-club-akshay-kumar-is-now-a-rs-2-000-crore-hero_128129.htm |archive-date=17 February 2013}}
* {{cite news |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT-akshay-kumar-beats-salman-khan-shah-rukh-khan-earns-rs-2000-crore-4182209-NOR.html |title=Akshay Kumar beats Salman Khan, Shah Rukh Khan, earns R 2000 crore |work=[[Daily Bhaskar]] |date=16 February 2013 |access-date=9 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130220102629/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT-akshay-kumar-beats-salman-khan-shah-rukh-khan-earns-rs-2000-crore-4182209-NOR.html |archive-date=20 February 2013}}
* {{cite news |last=Baker |first=Steven |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/news/a459297/akshay-kumar-beats-salman-khan-shah-rukh-khan-to-2000-crore.html |title=Akshay Kumar beats Salman Khan, Shah Rukh Khan to 2,000 crore – Bollywood News |work=[[Digital Spy]] |date=16 February 2013 |access-date=9 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218070312/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/news/a459297/akshay-kumar-beats-salman-khan-shah-rukh-khan-to-2000-crore.html |archive-date=18 February 2013}}
* {{cite news |author=Times News Network |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Akshay-Kumar-creates-history-with-2000-crore-league/articleshow/18555281.cms |title=Akshay Kumar creates history with 2000 crore league! |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 February 2013 |access-date=9 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219133952/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-18/news-interviews/37159441_1_actor-akshay-kumar-crore-club-humble-actor |archive-date=19 February 2013}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/akshay-kumar-earns-rs-2000-crore-154279-2013-02-17 |title=Forget mighty Khans, Akshay Kumar is the first actor to earn Rs 2000 crore in his lifetime |work=[[India Today]] |date=18 February 2013 |access-date=9 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218102619/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/akshay-kumar-earns-rs-2000-crore/1/250670.html |archive-date=18 February 2013}}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Akshay-Kumar-now-worth-Rs-2-000-crore/Article1-1013368.aspx |title=Akshay Kumar now worth Rs 2,000 crore |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=18 February 2013 |access-date=9 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219220814/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Akshay-Kumar-now-worth-Rs-2-000-crore/Article1-1013368.aspx |archive-date=19 February 2013}}
* {{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/has-akshay-kumar-really-earned-rs-2000-crore-from-his-films/373596-8-66.html |title=Has Akshay Kumar really earned Rs 2000 crore from his films? |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=18 February 2013 |access-date=9 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130220231812/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/has-akshay-kumar-really-earned-rs-2000-crore-from-his-films/373596-8-66.html |archive-date=20 February 2013}}</ref>

Kumar was named "Sexiest Man Alive" by People Magazine in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lifestyle.in.msn.com/fashion/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1762998 |title=Akshay Kumar: The sexiest man alive opens up |access-date=26 January 2009 |date=17 December 2008 |publisher=MSN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212104039/http://lifestyle.in.msn.com/fashion/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1762998 |archive-date=12 February 2009}}</ref> Kumar was awarded with [[NDTV]] Imagine Best Entertainer of the Year 2007 by the Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards (FTPGI). In 2009, he was awarded the highest Japanese honour of "Katana" and a sixth degree Black Belt in Kuyukai Gojuryu Karate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akshay thrilled to be honoured with Katana |work=Thaindian News |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/entertainment/akshay-thrilled-to-be-honoured-with-katana_100260574.html |access-date=26 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016212719/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/entertainment/akshay-thrilled-to-be-honoured-with-katana_100260574.html |archive-date=16 October 2012}}</ref> He was one of the 15 international celebrities invited for the Olympics torch-bearer rally to Canada in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akshay Kumar will be torch bearer from India for 2010 Olympics |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/award/filmfare-award/2009-2/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=26 January 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927094801/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2009/11/12/13463/index.html |archive-date=27 September 2012}}</ref> Kumar bagged the Ultimate "Man of the Year" at the prestigious ''GQ'' Awards in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Akshay Kumar bags The Ultimate Man of The Year title at GQ Awards! |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-bags-the-ultimate-man-of-the-year-title-at-gq-awards-581174/ |website=india.com |access-date=12 November 2022 |date=27 September 2015 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009173301/https://www.india.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-bags-the-ultimate-man-of-the-year-title-at-gq-awards-581174/ |url-status=live}}</ref> He won the HT Hottest Trendsetter (Male) award at the HT India's Most Stylish in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ht-india-s-most-stylish-akshay-kumar-says-he-was-offered-bhaag-milkha-bhaag-regrets-turning-it-down/story-Hc4iACSE1YPifBVPiUqKqO.html |title=HT India's Most Stylish: Akshay Kumar says he was offered Bhaag Milkha Bhaag, regrets turning it down |work=Hindustan Times |date=30 March 2019 | access-date=10 October 2022 | archive-date=10 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010083434/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/ht-india-s-most-stylish-akshay-kumar-says-he-was-offered-bhaag-milkha-bhaag-regrets-turning-it-down/story-Hc4iACSE1YPifBVPiUqKqO_amp.html | url-status=live}}</ref>

Kumar has great brand value and holds strong credibility in the advertising world. In 2020, Kumar has topped the list with brand value of $118M he has seen a jump of 13% by previous years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/lifestyle/entertainment/akshay-kumar-actors-brand-value-soars-to-rs-866-crores/ |title=Akshay Kumar: Actor's Brand Value Soars to Rs 866 Crores |date=8 February 2021 | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=1 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101113920/https://www.mansworldindia.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-actors-brand-value-soars-to-rs-866-crores/amp/ | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/marketing-news/birthday-boy-akshay-kumar-keeps-winning-brands-hearts-122292.html |title=Birthday boy Akshay Kumar keeps winning brands & hearts – Exchange4media |date=9 September 2022 | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=9 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009173301/https://www.exchange4media.com/marketing-news/birthday-boy-akshay-kumar-keeps-winning-brands-hearts-122292.html | url-status=live}}</ref> According to Duff and Phelps, Kumar was third most valued celebrity with $139M in 2021.<ref name="The Times of India" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://dailytrendsfeed.in/entertainment/endorsement-fees-of-top-bollywood-celebrities-check-out-how-much-your-favorite-celebs-charge-for-brands/ |title=Endorsement Fees of Top Bollywood Celebrities |date=11 August 2021 | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=9 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009173311/https://dailytrendsfeed.in/entertainment/endorsement-fees-of-top-bollywood-celebrities-check-out-how-much-your-favorite-celebs-charge-for-brands/ | url-status=live}}</ref> Kumar has endorsed brands including [[Thums Up]], [[Honda]], [[Tata Motors]], Dollar, [[Harpic]], [[Relaxo|Sparx]], Livguard Battery, and Kajarai Tiles. He was also brand ambassador of Canada Tourism.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-to-be-brand-ambassador-for-canada-tourism/ |title=Akshay Kumar to be brand ambassador for Canada Tourism : Bollywood News – Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=19 February 2011 | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=9 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009173300/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-to-be-brand-ambassador-for-canada-tourism/ | url-status=live}}</ref> Kumar ranked number 1 on TAM's list of most visible stars in TV ads with an average visibility of 37 hours per day across all channels since 2019 to 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/tv-ads-2020-akshay-kumar-virat-kohli-top-two-most-visible-celebs/article33781715.ece |title=TV ads 2020: Akshay Kumar, Virat Kohli top two 'most visible celebs' |date=8 February 2021 | access-date=23 October 2022 | archive-date=23 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023023959/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/tv-ads-2020-akshay-kumar-virat-kohli-top-two-most-visible-celebs/article33781715.ece | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-top-spot-advertising-alia-bhatt-8215202/ |title=Akshay Kumar bags top spot on TAM's list of most visible stars in TV ads, beats Alia Bhatt |date=18 October 2022 | access-date=23 October 2022 | archive-date=23 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023023958/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-top-spot-advertising-alia-bhatt-8215202/ | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-ranks-number-1-on-tam-s-list-of-most-visible-stars-in-tv-ads-101666080791160.html |title=Akshay Kumar ranks number 1 on TAM's list of most visible stars in TV ads |work=Hindustan Times |date=18 October 2022 | access-date=23 October 2022 | archive-date=23 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023024000/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-ranks-number-1-on-tam-s-list-of-most-visible-stars-in-tv-ads-101666080791160.html | url-status=live}}</ref>

Kumar has significant fan following in [[Indian diaspora]] as well as in European and African countries. As of September 2022, He is most followed Indian actor on social media including Facebook, [[Twitter]] and Instagram.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/web-stories/indias-top-10-most-followed-celebrities-on-instagram/slideshow/92769440.cms |title=India's top 10 most-followed celebrities on Instagram | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=19 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019012406/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/web-stories/indias-top-10-most-followed-celebrities-on-instagram/slideshow/92769440.cms | url-status=live}}</ref> Memes from his comedy movies, especially his face expressions are hugely popular on social media.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/akshay-kumars-fiery-stunt-for-his-digital-debut-set-meme-makers-in-motion-5613493/ |title=Akshay Kumar's fiery stunt for a new show inspires many memes |date=6 March 2019 | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=9 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009185909/https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/akshay-kumars-fiery-stunt-for-his-digital-debut-set-meme-makers-in-motion-5613493/ | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/akshay-kumar-recreates-iconic-phir-hera-pheri-meme-to-create-sooryavanshi-hype/ |title=Akshay Kumar Recreates Iconic 'Phir Hera Pheri' Meme to Create 'Sooryavanshi' Hype |date=November 2021 | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=9 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009185909/https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/akshay-kumar-recreates-iconic-phir-hera-pheri-meme-to-create-sooryavanshi-hype/ | url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, interviewed Modi on TV,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/akshay-kumar-gets-candid-with-modi-discusses-mangoes-sleep-and-the-dream-to-become-pm/articleshow/69018129.cms |title=PM Modi Interview | Akshay Kumar- PM Modi interview: PM talks about memes; offers clarification on 'strict' leader reputation |newspaper=The Economic Times | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=9 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009173304/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/akshay-kumar-gets-candid-with-modi-discusses-mangoes-sleep-and-the-dream-to-become-pm/articleshow/69018129.cms | url-status=live}}</ref> which concluded as controversies in social media, later he clarified that it was a personal interview as a common man, not political.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-interview-pm-narendra-modi-common-man-looked-fake-7947011/ |title=Akshay Kumar said that he interviewed PM Modi as a 'common man': 'Policy related questions would have looked fake' |date=June 2022 | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=9 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009173301/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-interview-pm-narendra-modi-common-man-looked-fake-7947011/ | url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2013, Kumar has been the Hindi film industry's highest advance [[taxpayer]] for six consecutive years. He paid {{INRConvert|190|m|year=2013|mode=historical}} as advance tax payment in that year.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dubey |first1=Bharti |last2=Pandey |first2=Piyush |title=Akshay Kumar Bollywood's top advance taxpayer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Akshay-Kumar-Bollywoods-top-advance-taxpayer/articleshow/19083337.cms |access-date=6 November 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 March 2013 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=7 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107054738/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Akshay-Kumar-Bollywoods-top-advance-taxpayer/articleshow/19083337.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2022, he got a certificate from Income Tax department for being highest tax payer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-on-being-the-highest-tax-payer-8068638/ |title=Akshay Kumar on being the highest tax payer: 'Good to give back to the country…' |date=3 August 2022 | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=9 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009101225/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-on-being-the-highest-tax-payer-8068638/ | url-status=live}}</ref> Kumar has criticised award functions and doesn't believe in it saying, "It happens sometimes that the people from the award night call you and tell you that if you perform then they can give half the money and give an award as well. I tell them that they can give me complete payment and keep their awards with them".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/have-been-offered-awards-in-exchange-of-half-performance-fees-akshay-kumar/story-NRXikVZvFUDiStfilcba8L.html|title=Akshay Kumar admits he was offered awards for money on Aap Ki Adalat|work=Hindustan Times |date=3 February 2017}}</ref> He called [[National Film Award]], most prestigious award of the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-on-national-award-win-for-rustom-i-ve-never-cheated-to-win-an-award/story-BDTl5Lz6c9dYGIgCyDxXkO.html |title=Akshay Kumar on National Award win for Rustom: I've never cheated to win an award |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 April 2017 | access-date=10 October 2022 | archive-date=10 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010083434/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-on-national-award-win-for-rustom-i-ve-never-cheated-to-win-an-award/story-BDTl5Lz6c9dYGIgCyDxXkO.html | url-status=live}}</ref>

Kumar holds the ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' for the most 184 [[Selfie]]s taken in three minutes at a promotional event of his film ''[[Selfiee]]'' in Mumbai. He talked to the media and termed it as a 'way of paying tribute' to his fans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/akshay-sets-world-selfie-record/20230223.htm |title=Akshay Sets World Selfie Record! | access-date=23 February 2023 | archive-date=23 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223071116/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/akshay-sets-world-selfie-record/20230223.htm | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/akshay-kumar-breaks-guinness-world-record-for-maximum-selfies-clicks-184-pics-in-3-mins/articleshow/98152870.cms |title=Akshay Kumar breaks Guinness World Record for maximum selfies, clicks 184 pics in 3 mins |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=22 February 2023 | access-date=23 February 2023 | archive-date=23 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223062647/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/akshay-kumar-breaks-guinness-world-record-for-maximum-selfies-clicks-184-pics-in-3-mins/articleshow/98152870.cms | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/omg-akshay-kumar-breaks-guinness-world-record-for-most-selfies-taken-in-3-minutes/videoshow/98155626.cms |title=OMG! Akshay Kumar breaks Guinness World Record for most selfies taken in 3 minutes |newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=23 February 2023 | archive-date=1 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101113919/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/omg-akshay-kumar-breaks-guinness-world-record-for-most-selfies-taken-in-3-minutes/videoshow/98155626.cms | url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2023, Kumar performed in various cities in the United States for "The Entertainers" tour, alongside [[Disha Patani]], [[Mouni Roy]], [[Nora Fatehi]], [[Sonam Bajwa]], [[Aparshakti Khurana]], [[Stebin Ben]] and Zahrah S Khan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akshay Kumar reaches Atlanta ahead of The Entertainers tour in US, receives grand welcome |work=Firstpost |date=1 March 2023 |access-date=20 March 2023 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-reaches-atlanta-ahead-of-the-entertainers-tour-in-us-receives-grand-welcome-12227772.html/amp |archive-date=15 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315223313/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-reaches-atlanta-ahead-of-the-entertainers-tour-in-us-receives-grand-welcome-12227772.html/amp |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside Akshay Kumar-led The Entertainers tour with Mouni Roy, Disha Patani and Sonam Bajwa |work=Indian Express |date=5 March 2023 |access-date=10 March 2023 |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/inside-akshay-kumar-led-the-entertainers-tour-with-mouni-roy-disha-patani-and-sonam-bajwa-8480502/ |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309201223/https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/inside-akshay-kumar-led-the-entertainers-tour-with-mouni-roy-disha-patani-and-sonam-bajwa-8480502/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Philanthropy and social service ==
[[File:The_Brand_ambassador_of_Road_Safety_Campaign,_Shri_Akshay_Kumar_addressing_the_gathering_at_the_launch_of_the_Road_Safety_Awareness_Programme,_in_New_Delhi_on_August_14,_2018.JPG|thumb|Kumar at Road Safety Awareness Program on 14 August 2018 in [[New Delhi]]]]

Kumar is one of India's most philanthropic celebrities, does a lot of [[Donation|helps and donations]], continues the good work offscreen with his philanthropy and services.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/akshay-kumar/?sh=47a51ed3587b |title=Akshay Kumar |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> He and his co-star Tamannaah Bhatia donated all the clothes from their film 2014 Entertainment to an animal welfare charity. Youth Organisation in Defence of Animals (YODA) is an organisation which works for the welfare of street animals.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-and-tamannaah-bhatia-donates-entertainment-clothes-for-strays-110281/ |title=Akshay Kumar and Tamannaah Bhatia donates 'Entertainment' clothes for strays |date=4 August 2014}}</ref> He has also donated {{INRConvert|5|m|year=2012|mode=historical}} to [[Salman Khan]]'s [[Being Human Foundation]]. Kumar also had donated a sum of ₹9 million to drought hit farmers in Maharashtra in 2015, Khan himself tweeted on Twitter.<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-what-akshay-kumar-did-for-farmers-will-make-you-salute-him-2130248 What Akshay Kumar did for farmers will make you salute him!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010153135/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-what-akshay-kumar-did-for-farmers-will-make-you-salute-him-2130248 |date=10 October 2015 }}. [[Daily News and Analysis]]. Upala KBR. 30 September 2015</ref><ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/akshay-kumar-lends-a-helping-hand-to-farmers-donates-rs-90-lakhs_1797799.html Akshay Kumar lends a helping hand to farmers, donates ₹90 lakhs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019201722/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/akshay-kumar-lends-a-helping-hand-to-farmers-donates-rs-90-lakhs_1797799.html |date=19 October 2015 }}. [[Zee News]]. Gayatri Shankar. 16 September 2015</ref> Kumar also helped a contestant of TV reality show Khatron Ke Khiladi by giving him Rs. 25 lakh after knowing that the contestant needed the prize money of the show for his father's cancer treatment. He has also donated ₹5 million to aid drought affected people through the Maharashtra government's [[Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra Drought: Bollywood Actor Akshay Kumar Donates Rs 50 Lakh For The Cause |url=http://www.abplive.in/photos/maharashtra-drought-bollywood-actor-akshay-kumar-donates-rs-50-lakh-for-the-cause-325133 |publisher=ABP Live |date=19 April 2016 |access-date=20 April 2016 |archive-date=20 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420053303/http://www.abplive.in/photos/maharashtra-drought-bollywood-actor-akshay-kumar-donates-rs-50-lakh-for-the-cause-325133 |url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2013, he started a 30-bed cancer shelter for policemen in [[Naigaon]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Prashant |title=Akshay Kumar's tribute to his dad |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/akshay-kumar-s-tribute-to-his-dad/article1-1026259.aspx |access-date=6 November 2014 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=14 March 2013 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=31 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031190927/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/akshay-kumar-s-tribute-to-his-dad/article1-1026259.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref> In December 2013, Vishwas Nangre Patil, Additional Commissioner of Police, West Mumbai visited his gym along with several trainee officers.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Priya |title=Akshay Kumar trains and impresses real cops |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Akshay-Kumar-trains-and-impresses-real-cops/articleshow/26743004.cms |access-date=6 November 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 December 2013}}</ref> Acid attack survivor [[Laxmi Agarwal]], on whose life Deepika Padukone's Chapaak was based is also an activist. Some years ago, she was struggling to make ends meet. Kumar came to her rescue and transferred Rs. 5 Lakh into her account so that she could fend for herself until she found a job, because medals, awards and certificates don't pay the bills.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/akshay-kumar-what-sets-him-apart-from-the-khans/akshay-kumar-lends-a-helping-hand-to-acid-attack-survivor-laxmi-agarwal/photostory/65886518.cms |title=Akshay Kumar lends a helping hand to acid attack survivor Laxmi Agarwal – Akshay Kumar: What sets him apart from the Khans |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

He launched an insurance scheme for the registered [[stunt coordinator|stunt directors]] in 2017. The family of deceased stunt director Abdul Sattar Munna has received a compensation of Rs. 20 lakh under the same scheme. Now, the actor has been asked to help those stunt choreographers who are above 55 years of age and therefore, aren't eligible to have insurance in their name.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-s-new-brainchild-an-insurance-scheme-for-stuntmen-stuntwomen/story-4WayVDAQhYtF1uAj4GuetN.html |title=Akshay Kumar's new brainchild: An insurance scheme for stuntmen, stuntwomen |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-if-there-was-no-stuntman-there-would-be-no-hero-akshay-kumar-2415328 |title=If there was no stuntman, there would be no hero: Akshay Kumar |website=[[DNA India]]}}</ref>

During the promotions of ''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]'', Kumar expressed his wish of serving the nation but destiny held something else in store for him. He has played a soldier in ''[[Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty|Holiday]]'' and ''[[Kesari (2019 film)|Kesari]]'', a special agent in ''[[Baby (2015 Hindi film)|Baby]]'' and a naval officer in Rustom. The actor was applauded by many for showing his concern towards the families of 12 slain jawans of the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF) who were killed in Chhattisgarh's Sukma district on Saturday, 11 March 2017. He donated Rs. 1.08 crore to the families of the martyred jawans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-donates-rs-1-08-cr-to-martyred-jawans-9-times-he-helped-people-in-need-4573062/lite/ |title=Akshay Kumar donates Rs 1.08 cr to martyred jawans: 9 times he helped people in need |date=17 March 2017}}</ref> In August 2016, Kumar had donated Rs. 80 lakh to the families of army men. He gave Rs 5 lakh to each family and said our soldiers need money along with "samman". In October 2016, Akshay donated Rs. 9 lakh to the family of a martyred [[Border Security Force|BSF]] jawan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/web-portal-to-donate-money-to-capf-martyrs-launched-by-govt/articleshow/58096165.cms |title=Akshay Kumar's idea gets life: Web portal to donate money to martyred jawans launched by govt |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=10 April 2017}}</ref>

He also donated Rs. 1.5 crore to build the shelter for transgender persons in [[Chennai]]. He is supporting the construction of the home. ''[[Laxmii]]''{{'}}s director [[Raghava Lawrence]] shared the "good news" of the actor's new initiative with friends and fans along with some pictures on Facebook.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 2020 |title=Akshay Kumar donates Rs 1.5 crores for 'first transgender home in India' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/akshay-kumar-donates-rs-1-5-crores-for-first-transgender-home-in-india/story-Tvg7t95jUmVC1UKLJrpdLJ.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

Kumar endorses [[Swachh Bharat Mission]], Builds Toilets in Madhya Pradesh, he had previously posted a video on social media, talking about the importance of having individual toilets at home, His movie ''[[Toilet: Ek Prem Katha|Toilet]]'' was also based on Toilet's importance.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/akshay-kumar-endorses-swachh-bharat-abhiyan-builds-toilets-madhya-pradesh-5914/ |title=Akshay Kumar Endorses Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Builds Toilets in Madhya Pradesh |date=3 April 2017}}</ref> He was named Uttarakhand's brand ambassador for '[[Swachh Bharat Mission|Swachhta Abhiyaan]]'.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/akshay-kumar-named-uttarakhand-s-brand-ambassador-for-swachhata-abhiyan/story-HU0g39rk2CtUAvS0BUgu4O.html |title=Akshay Kumar named Uttarakhand's brand ambassador for 'Swachhata Abhiyan' |work=Hindustan Times |date=18 September 2017}}</ref>

In 2017, Kumar launched the [[Bharat Ke Veer]] app, with the help of the home ministry. The platform lets people send money directly to the bank accounts of family members of soldiers martyred in the line of duty. On The Kapil Sharma Show, Akshay said that he was only carrying out his responsibility as a citizen with the app. "Hum yeh kahenge, ki hum apna kartvaya nibhate hai… Jo shaheed hote hai, unka nuksaan hum kabhi bhar nahi paayenge. That is for sure. Sarkar unko jo deti hai, woh deti hai. Lekin, as a civilian, humara bhi toh kuch kartavya banta hai. Yeh aisa app hai… Na iske beech mein koi [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] hai, na koi sarkar hai," he said.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 April 2017 |title=Akshay Kumar in tears as he launches his dream app for Indian jawans, see photo |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-in-tears-as-he-launches-his-dream-app-for-indian-jawans-see-pics-4607000/ |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bollyspice.com/akshay-kumar-launches-bharat-ke-veer-app/ |title=Akshay Kumar launches 'Bharat Ke Veer' App |date=15 April 2017}}</ref> In the aftermath of [[2019 Pulwama attack|Pulwama terror attack]] on the [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] jawans, Kumar came forward to help the families of those sacrificed their lives in the attack. He donated Rs. 15 Lakh to a martyred jawan's family and even urged his fans to do the same. He further pledged to donate Rs. 5 crore through '[[Bharat Ke Veer]]' app. He additionally donated Rs. 9 Lakh each to the families of 12 CRPF jawans who were killed in Chhattisgarh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/pulwama-terror-attack-akshay-kumar-to-donate-rs-5-cr-to-soldiers/story-DKczg1WePyH2XnyAtrxelJ.html |title=Pulwama terror attack: Akshay Kumar to donate Rs 5 cr to soldiers |work=Hindustan Times |date=18 February 2019}}</ref> In Mid-2020 when Kerala, Assam and Chennai were left devastated as they were hit by floods that severely affected several families as they lost their houses, land, crops, many people died. Kumar donated a sum of Rs. 1 crore each to not just Kerala but also Assam and Chennai. CM Sonowal thanks Kumar.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/akshay-kumar-donates-rs-1cr-towards-assam-flood-relief-cm-sonowal-thanks-actor/articleshow/77613050.cms |title=Akshay Kumar donates Rs 1cr towards Assam flood relief, CM Sonowal thanks actor |newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

Kumar was one of the first personalities from [[Bollywood]] to contribute to the [[PM CARES Fund]] right at the start of the first wave of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in March 2020, He donated Rs. 25 crores to the Prime Minister's Fund<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/akshay-kumar-pledges-rs-25-crore-to-pm-cares-fund-11585398609812.html |title=Akshay Kumar pledges ₹25 crore to PM-CARES FUND |work=mint |date=28 March 2020 |last1=Jha |first1=Lata }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bollywood-actor-akshay-kumar-donates-25-crore-to-fund-to-fight-virus/article31193779.ece |title=Bollywood actor Akshay Kumar donates ₹25 crore to fund to fight virus |newspaper=The Hindu |date=28 March 2020}}</ref> and another crore to ex-cricketer [[Gautam Gambhir]]'s charity for the same cause. The former cricketer revealed on Twitter that Akshay Kumar had donated Rs. 1 crore to his foundation during the deadly second wave to help people affected by the novel coronavirus. Gambhir wrote, "Every help in this gloom comes as a ray of hope. Thanks a lot Akshay Kumar for committing Rs 1 crore to #GGF for food, meds and oxygen for the needy! God bless."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/akshay-kumar-donates-rs-1-crore-to-gautam-gambhir-foundation-wish-we-get-out-of-this-crisis-soon-7287561/ |title=Akshay Kumar donates Rs 1 crore to Gautam Gambhir Foundation: 'Wish we get out of this crisis soon' |date=24 April 2021}}</ref>

In 2021, Kumar donated {{INR}}1 crore for construction of a school building in Neeru Village of Bandipora district in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Entertainment Desk |first=India TV |date=17 June 2021 |title=Akshay Kumar donates Rs 1 crore for school building in J&K's LoC village |work=India Tv |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/akshay-kumar-donates-rs-1-crore-for-school-building-in-j-k-s-loc-village-712543 |access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref>

In August 2024, Kumar donated {{INR}}1.21 crore to [[Haji Ali Dargah]] for its maintenance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Religion no bound: Akshay Kumar donates ₹1.21 cr to Haji Ali Dargah after pitching ₹3 cr for Ram Mandir construction |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/religion-no-bound-akshay-kumar-donates-1-21-cr-to-haji-ali-dargah-after-pitching-3-cr-for-ram-mandir-construction-101723099148184.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=8 August 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Akshay Kumar}}
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Rajat Kamal Award to the Actor, Shri Akshay Kumar for Best Actor Rustom, at the 64th National Film Awards Function, in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|Akshay receiving National Film Awards for Best Actor (2017) from President [[Pranab Mukherjee]] in May 2017]]
Kumar has been recipient of two [[Filmfare Awards]] from 13 nominations: Best Villain for ''[[Ajnabee (2001 film)|Ajnabee]]'' (2002) and Best Comedian for ''[[Garam Masala (2005 film)|Garam Masala]]'' (2006), and a [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] for the films ''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]'' and ''[[Airlift (film)|Airlift]]'' (both 2016).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407233530/http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 April 2017 |title=64 th National Film Awards, 2016 |date=7 April 2017 |work=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=7 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="NFA" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=64th National Film Awards: Akshay Kumar wins Best Actor for Rustom, Shivaay wins Best VFX award |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/akshay-kumar-rustom-national-award-best-actor-shivaay-visual-effects-970040-2017-04-07 |magazine=India Today |date=7 April 2017 |access-date=4 November 2020}}</ref> In 2008, the [[University of Windsor]] conferred an honorary Doctorate of Law on Kumar in recognition of his contribution to [[Indian cinema]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/storypage/storypage.aspx?id=6c57a4c5-b6b2-4292-9ba3-98b24b3ae199&&Headline=Canada+varsity+honours+Akshay+Kumar |title=Canada varsity honours Akshay Kumar |date=14 May 2008 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=7 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313025251/http://www.hindustantimes.com/storypage/storypage.aspx?id=6c57a4c5-b6b2-4292-9ba3-98b24b3ae199&&Headline=Canada+varsity+honours+Akshay+Kumar |archive-date=13 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Akshay-Kumar-gets-honorary-doctorate/articleshow/3038978.cms |title=Akshay Kumar gets honorary doctorate |date=14 May 2008 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=7 September 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716100543/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-05-14/india/27768262_1_doctorate-akshay-kumar-azmi-and-shilpa-shetty |archive-date=16 July 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> The following year, he was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by the [[Government of India]].<ref name="Padmashri">{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ET_Cetera/Akshay_dedicates_Padmashri_to_fans/articleshow/4032826.cms |title=Overwhelmed Akshay Kumar dedicates Padmashri to fans |date=26 January 2009 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130230845/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ET_Cetera/Akshay_dedicates_Padmashri_to_fans/articleshow/4032826.cms |archive-date=30 January 2009 |location=India}}</ref> In 2011, [[The Asian Awards]] honoured Kumar for his outstanding achievement in Cinema.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/akshay-kumar-honoured-at-annual-asian-awards/194882-8-66.html |title=Akshay Kumar honoured at Annual Asian awards |access-date=7 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228113223/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/akshay-kumar-honoured-at-annual-asian-awards/194882-8-66.html |archive-date=28 February 2014 |url-status=dead |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/superstars-who-have-never-won-the-filmfare-award-for-best-actor/photostory/30284558.cms |title=Superstars who have never won awards |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=7 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417023500/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Superstars-who-have-never-won-awards/photostory/30284558.cms |archive-date=17 April 2014}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
{{Clear}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}
* {{DNA India|akshay-kumar}}
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Akshay-Kumar Collected news and commentary] at ''[[The Times of India]]''

{{Akshay Kumar}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Akshay Kumar
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{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{National Film Award Best Actor}}
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{{FilmfareAwardBestVillain}}
{{Indian Telly Award Best Television Personality}}
{{ScreenAwardBestActor}}
{{StardustAwardBestActor}}
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}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Akshay}}
[[Category:Akshay Kumar| ]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Best Actor National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Don Bosco schools alumni]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
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[[Category:Indian Muay Thai practitioners]]
[[Category:Indian stunt performers]]
[[Category:Indian male taekwondo practitioners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Martial artists from Delhi]]
[[Category:People who lost Canadian citizenship]]
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[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
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[[Category:Male actors from Delhi]]
[[Category:Actors who have performed their own stunts]]

Oru Vilippadakale

2026-03-03T21:08:21Z

Sahadathossain: expanded structure and added references based on references

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Oru Vilippadakale
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Jeassy]]
| producer = P. M. Shamsudeen
| writer = [[Kaloor Dennis]]
| screenplay = Kaloor Dennis
| starring = [[Venu Nagavally]] [[M. G. Soman]] [[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] [[Sukumari]]
| music = [[Jerry Amaldev]]
| cinematography = [[Anandakuttan]]
| editing = G. Venkittaraman
| studio = Saheer Films
| distributor = Saheer Films
| released = {{Film date|1982|10|21|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Oru Vilippadakale''''' is a 1982 Indian [[Malayalam]] film, directed by [[Jeassy]] and produced by P. M. Shamsudeen. The film stars [[Venu Nagavally]], [[M. G. Soman]], [[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] and [[Sukumari]]. The film has musical score by [[Jerry Amaldev]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1363|title=Oru Vilippaadakale|accessdate=2014-10-16|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/as.php?197627|title=Oru Vilippaadakale|accessdate=2014-10-16|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/oru-vilippadakale-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062936/http://spicyonion.com/title/oru-vilippadakale-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Oru Vilippadakale|accessdate=2014-10-16|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Venu Nagavally]] as Vishnu
*[[M. G. Soman]] as Unnikrishnan
*[[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] as Ammu
*[[Sukumari]] as Swarnammal
*[[Jose Prakash]]
*[[Sankaradi]]
*[[Mala Aravindan]]
*[[Kozhikode Narayanan Nair]]
*Sathyachithra

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Jerry Amaldev]] with lyrics by [[P. Bhaskaran]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Ellaam Ormakal" || [[S. Janaki]], [[P. Jayachandran]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Maanathe Nirangal" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Sherin Peters || P. Bhaskaran ||
|-
| 3 || "Prakaasha Naalam Chundil Maathram" || S. Janaki || P. Bhaskaran ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0345750|Oru Vilippadakale}}

[[Category:1982 films]]
[[Category:1982 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Jerry Amaldev]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Chathur Mukham

2026-03-03T09:43:39Z

Sahadathossain: minor cleaned up citations per sources and updated info

{{Short description|2021 film directed by R. K. Sankar and Salil V.}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chathur Mukham
| image = Chathur Mukham.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ranjeet Kamala Sankar Salil V
| producer = Jiss Toms Justin Thomas [[Manju Warrier]]
| writer = Abhayakumar K Anil Kurian
| starring = [[Sunny Wayne]] [[Alencier Ley Lopez]] [[Manju Warrier]]
| music = [[Dawn Vincent]]
| cinematography = [[Abinandhan Ramanujam]]
| editing = [[Manoj (film editor)|Manoj]]
| studio = Jiss Toms Movies [[Manju Warrier| Manju Warrier Productions]]
| distributor = Century Release
| released = {{Film date|2021|4|8}}
| runtime = 138 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
{{INRConvert|5.5|c}}<ref>{{cite web |date=13 January 2021 |title=Manju Warrier's first horror thriller 'Chathurmukham' to hit theatres |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/manju-warrier-s-first-horror-thriller-chathurmukham-to-hit-theatres-in-february-movie-1.5354951 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |access-date=27 March 2021 |archive-date=24 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124041557/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/manju-warrier-s-first-horror-thriller-chathurmukham-to-hit-theatres-in-february-movie-1.5354951 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Chathurmukham Press Meet, Manju Warrier reveals one secret in meeting! | website=The PrimeTime | date=2021-03-25 | url=https://theprimetime.in/chathurmukham-press-meet-manju-warrier-reveals-one-secret-in-meeting/ | access-date=2021-07-04}}</ref>
| gross = {{INRConvert|2|c}}
}}

'''''Chathur Mukham''''' ({{Translation|The Fourth Face}}) is a 2021 [[Indian cinema|Indian]] [[techno-horror]] [[thriller film]] directed by Ranjeet Kamala Sankar and Salil V for the screenplay written by Abhayakumar K and Anil Kurian.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 February 2021 |title=Manju Warrier's Chathur Mukham is a techno-horror film |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/feb/22/manju-warriers-chathur-mukham-is-a-techno-horror-film-22974.html |website=[[The New Indian Express|Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=M. |first=Athira |date=11 March 2021 |title=Manju Warrier: I am always happy, irrespective of the success or failure of projects |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/manju-warrier-on-her-new-releases-and-her-second-innings/article34043989.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film stars [[Manju Warrier]], [[Sunny Wayne]], [[Alencier ley Lopez]], [[Niranjana Anoop]], [[Babu Annur]], [[Shyamaprasad]] and [[Rony David]] in lead roles. [[Manoj (film editor)|Manoj]] has edited the film while [[Abinandhan Ramanujam]] handled the cinematography. [[Dawn Vincent]] composed the original songs and [[background score]]. The film is jointly produced by Jiss Toms and Justin Thomas under Jiss Toms Movies and Manju Warrier Productions.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 February 2021 |title=Motion poster of Chathur Mukham unveiled |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2021/feb/23/motion-poster-of-chathur-mukham-unveiled-2267474.html |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 March 2021 |title=ഭയപ്പെടുത്താന്‍ 'ചതുര്‍മുഖം'; മലയാളത്തിലെ ആദ്യ ടെക്‌നോ ഹൊറര്‍ ചിത്രം റിലീസിന് |trans-title=Malayalam's first Techno-horror film to release |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/chathur-mukham-manju-warrier-sunny-wayne-techno-horror-movie-1.5533172 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=ml}}</ref> In the film, Thejaswini, a young woman, buys a cheap smartphone after she loses her old one in an accident. Soon, she is terrorised by a malevolent supernatural entity through the phone, which threatens her safety and those of others, making her seek help.

''Chathur Mukham'' is the story of that nightmare, when over acceptance and dependence on technology can take a turn for the worse, leaving one's best friend as the worst enemy. The movie, with the international title 'The Fourth Face' is selected to the [[25th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival]] (BIFAN) in South Korea, one of the premier festivals for fantasy and horror. It is showcased in the World Fantastic Red sections of the festival.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bifan.kr/eng/program/program_list.asp?sc_category_seq=4005 |title=Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival-238 |publisher=Bifan.kr |date= |access-date=2021-07-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Iyengar | first=Shriram | title=Three Indian films make it to 25th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival in South Korea | website=Cinestaan | date=2021-06-22 | url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2021/jun/22/30140 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625005450/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2021/jun/22/30140 | url-status=live | archive-date=25 June 2021 | access-date=2021-07-04}}</ref> It was selected to Chuncheon International Film Festival (CIFF) and [[Méliès International Festivals Federation]] (MIFF) as Asian entry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=591688|title = ഒടിടി റിലീസിന് പിന്നാലെ ചതുർമുഖത്തിന് ഇരട്ടിമധുരം, അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര ഫിലിം ഫെസ്റ്റിവലുകളിലേക്ക് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെട്ടതിന് പുറമേ തെലുങ്കിലേക്കും, റൈറ്റ്സ് വിറ്റത് റെക്കാഡ് തുകയ്ക്ക്}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.ciff.kr/notice/?uid=2&mod=document&pageid=1|title = Announcement: 2021 CCFF Official Selection(International Independent Sci-Fi Film)|date = 29 June 2021}}</ref>

==Plot==
Clement is a retired professor from the [[Kerala Agricultural University]] who has also been an avid science enthusiast all his life. Antony, a young man has come to meet Clement with a peculiar problem. He believes that Clement can find a solution to this 'never seen before' phenomenon. Over a cup of tea, Antony details the story of a young, bright woman – Thejaswini. She is a woman of today's times being a complete social media addict and constantly attached to her phone. Together with Antony, she runs a [[CCTV]] solutions business at Thiruvananthapuram. Thejaswini is from a middle-class family and believes that every girl should have a good education and attain financial stability before her nuptials. Thejaswini's parents are getting older and her sole sibling is an elder brother Bijesh who is not on talking terms with her. While attending a ''mudiyattam'' ritual at the temple, an accident renders Thejaswini's smart phone useless.

With the intention of having a cheaper phone as a stand by for the time being, Thejaswini comes across an unheard of brand of phone, called Liza, on a local reseller website. The phone has attractive features, a low price, and an accompanying free gift. Soon as she purchases the phone and it arrives via courier, unnatural events start to happen around her. These occurrences which seem way out of the normal, start to impact Thejaswini's work, self and even her body, so much so that she tries to get rid of the new purchase by various means, only to find it pulling her back to itself with greater force. Thejaswini suspects that there is something much deeper behind these events and that its somehow connected to her. She along with Antony set out on the journey to unravel the mystery behind the phone.

The mystery, it turns out, is life-threatening. The malevolent spirit behind the phone, Adarsh Paul, is the creator of the Liza phone. In his lifetime, Adarsh was unsuccessful in procuring investors for the phone. One prospective investor backed out, upon discovery that the selfie camera did not work well, and gave Adarsh a deadline of 21 days to fix the selfie camera. This matter sent Adarsh into a rage, angry that his phone was not well respected, and frustrated with the 21 day deadline. Adarsh became determined to kill others involved. He killed one investor, then set the lab on fire, and attempted to leave, only to find himself trapped in the lab. Once he perished, he became trapped in his own creation. Since then, those who purchase the phone are given 21 days to live. The number of days left is recorded in the selfie photo taken by the victims. Some who once had the phone have died. Thejaswini discovers that she has even less time to live, as the number in her selfie photo suddenly dropped from 15 to 4. The pair realise that they need to get help fast.

Thejaswini and Antony turn to Clement to find closure to this problem. Clement, though shaken due to the unexplainable incidents, consults his friend Ramachandran, who advises him to keep aside the ego of a scientist and accept the issue to arrive at an out-of-the-box solution. The trio experiment with using a [[Faraday cage]] to trap the negative energy inside positive energy. Keeping the Liza phone in the oven contains the negative energy for one day, enough for the number in Thejaswini's selfie photo, which would have been 1, to become 2. But the group realises that the oven will not be enough to keep containing the negative energy. The group decides to have a large Faraday cage custom-built. But the Faraday cage cannot be built on time, at reasonable price, through official channels. So, the group resort to having the Faraday cage built illicitly, at high cost, as otherwise Thejaswini does not have much time to live.

When the Faraday cage is built, the group sets out to turn on the machine. The trip is perilous; Thejaswini's and Antony's lives are threatened at every step. Eventually, Antony succeeds in turning on the machine. Thejaswini, who had been incapacitated, begins to recover. With the Faraday cage turned on, the malevolent spirit's power over Thejaswini and Antony ends. The group returns home.

Words that were said during the investigation are revisited. The camera shows the frightened Adarsh, trapped in the lab which he had set on fire, while it is said that he may be trapped in his own creation. It is said that negative energy cannot be destroyed, and that the energy within us may return in new forms. One investigator had copied the contents of the Liza phone to a computer. That investigator's words are repeated, as the camera pans to the computer, which is loading the contents of the Liza phone. A message appears on the command line: "Press {{LGR|ENTER}} to activate". The desk lamp falls onto the computer keyboard, hitting the Enter key, and thus activating the copy of the Liza phone. What happens thereafter is unknown.

== Cast ==
* [[Manju Warrier]] as Thejaswini
* [[Sunny Wayne]] as Antony
* [[Alencier Ley Lopez]] as Clement
* [[Niranjana Anoop]] as Safiya
* [[Babu Annur]] as Thejaswini's father
* [[Shyamaprasad]] as Ramachandran
* [[Rony David]] as Naveen Joseph
* [[Srikant Murali]] as Philip Tharian
* Shaju Sreedhar as Dr. Manoj Thomas
* Kalabhavan Prajod as Bijesh
* Balaji Sarma as Zakaria
* Navas Vallikkunnu as Basheer
* Saranjith as Adarsh Paul

== Production ==
''Chathur Mukham'' was filmed and completed during December 2019 and January 2020 at [[Trivandrum district|Trivandrum]].<ref>{{cite web |date=9 January 2020 |title=Manju Warrier's 'Chathur Mukham' nears completion |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manju-warriers-chathur-mukham-nears-completion-115761 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 February 2021 |title=Watch: First look motion poster of Manju Warrier's 'Chathur Mukham' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-first-look-motion-poster-manju-warrier-s-chathur-mukham-143889 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

== Music ==

The first [[Single (music)|single]] from the film album, ''Mayakondu'', was released by [[Malayala Manorama|Manorama Music]] on 29 March 2021 in [[YouTube]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}} The second song from the film album, the spooky ''Paathiyil theerunno'', was released by [[Malayala Manorama|Manorama Music]] on 8 July 2021 in [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/music-news/2021/07/09/paathiyil-theerunnu-song-from-the-movie-chathurmukham.html|title=നിഗൂഢത നിറച്ച് ചതുർമുഖത്തിലെ രണ്ടാം ഗാനം; പ്രേക്ഷകരെ നേടി 'പാതിയിൽ തീരുന്നോ'}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#fff;"
|+
|-
! Track !! Song !! Lyricist !! Composer !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1 || ''Mayakondu'' || [[Manu Manjith]] || [[Dawn Vincent]] || [[Shweta Mohan]]
|-
| 2 || ''Paathiyil theerunno (Liza culmination)'' || [[Manu Manjith]] || [[Dawn Vincent]] || [[Amrita Jayakumar]]
|}

==Release==
===Theatrical===
The film was released on 8 April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch Chathur Mukham Online Manju Warrier's Techno-Horror Film Releases On OTT Today|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/shestars/watch-chathur-mukham-online-manju-warrier-horror-film/|access-date=2021-07-09|language=en-US}}</ref> Due to [[COVID-19]] second wave in India, the movie was released in theatres for a week and then restricted because of increase in cases.

===Home media===
The film got digitally released on 9 July 2021 on [[Video On Demand|VOD]] [[ZEE5]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] dubbed version in [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chathur Mukham Review: A cautionary tale on technology overuse designed as a pulpy horror thriller|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/chathur-mukham-review-cautionary-tale-technology-overuse-designed-pulpy-horror-thriller-806215|access-date=2021-07-09|website=PINKVILLA|date=9 July 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-02|title=Manju Warrier's horror thriller Chathur Mukham set to premiere on ZEE5|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/manju-warrier-horror-thriller-chathur-mukham-set-to-premiere-on-zee5-7386502/|access-date=2021-07-09|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Box office===
On the opening day, the film grossed around 15 lakhs only. On the opening weekend, it grossed around ₹75 lakhs, with a one-week collection around ₹85 lakhs. Due to the clash with ''[[Nizhal (film)|Nizhal]]'', collections went low and grossed ₹1.2 crore nett and ₹1.5 crore internationally.
In its final run the movie grossed over ₹1.7 crore against a budget of ₹5.5 crore.

===Critical response===
''Chathur Mukham'' opened to positive reviews,<ref name="auto3">{{cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title='Chathur Mukham' movie review: Manju Warrier's 'techno-horror' has a few surprises up its sleeve |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chathur-mukham-movie-review-manju-warriers-techno-horror-has-a-few-surprises-up-its-sleeve/article34277300.ece |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Chathurmukham Movie Review: Fresh ideas power this impressive horror-thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/malayalam/2021/apr/08/chathurmukham-movie-reviewfresh-ideas-power-this-impressive-horror-thriller-23855.html |website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=8 April 2021 }}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=20 April 2021 |title=Chathur Mukham, Starring Manju Warrier, Is A Techno-Horror With Solid Writing And Great Performances |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/malayalam-review/chathur-mukham-malayalam-movie-review-manju-warrier-a-techno-horror-with-solid-writing-and-great-performances/|website=www.filmcompanion.in}}</ref> most of them praising Manju Warrier's performance as a social media addicted woman possessed by her smartphone, the same way a person can be possessed by a ghost.<ref name="auto2" />

[[Baradwaj Rangan]] of Film Companion South reviewed, "A Techno-Horror With Solid Writing And Great Performances", and added "This is not the kind of horror movie where you get jump scares, even though I did jump out of my chair once. You could call the film eerie and gently supernatural.".<ref name="auto2" /> S R Praveen of The Hindu noted that the film "has a few surprises up its sleeve" and added that "there is often an attempt to provide a scientific explanation for the happenings on the screen, with some of the characters even poking fun or dismissing the traditional Malayalam horror movie ingredients of black magic and exorcism".<ref name="auto3" /> Sajin Shrijith of Cinema Express said that "It's a film brimming with a lot of interesting and surprising ideas" and noted that "the film, primarily billed as a techno-horror thriller, manages to effectively combine elements of other sub-genres too, namely [[body horror]] and found footage."<ref name="auto" /> Few critics had mixed thoughts about the movie. Anna Mathews of Times of India criticised that the makers have "created some scary moments, but the horror elements are not scripted strongly and 'logically' enough", but praised Manju Warrier's performance. She noted that "Manju Warrier carries the role like only she could, being light-hearted when needed and shifting gears to feeling fearful in the most convincing manner."<ref>{{cite news |title=Chathur Mukham Movie Review: Innovative, but short on horror |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/chathur-mukham/movie-review/81970597.cms |last1=Mathews |first1=Anna }}</ref>

Sanjith Sidhardhan from OTTPlay noticed that "directors and scriptwriter to come up with novel concepts that movies like Ezra had employed, while ensuring that it passed the ‘logic’ test of the audience" and added that "Chathur Mukham also serves as a reminder of the value of relationships and the world around us that people seem to forget while obsessed with their virtual life."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/chathur-mukham-review-manju-warrier-and-a-novel-concept-power-this-technohorror-thriller/598|title=Chathur Mukham review: Manju Warrier and a novel concept power this techno-horror thriller}}</ref>

[[The Free Press Journal]] noted that Chathur Mukham decently scores as a supernatural thriller because of its novel premise, likable performances, and a focused screenplay that does not have any forced or unrelated subplots. It begins on a thoughtful note pointing towards the present era in which the human race is fast becoming slave of its self-invented gadgets and social networks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/movie-review/chathur-mukham-review-more-techno-than-horror|title=Chathur Mukham Review: More techno than horror }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|11543916}}

[[Category:2021 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Techno-horror films]]
[[Category:2021 horror thriller films]]

First Saikia ministry

2026-03-02T16:12:41Z

Sahadathossain: creating a details from scratch.

{{Short description|Cabinet of Assam, India (1983–1985)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}

{{Infobox government cabinet
|date_formed=28 February 1983
|date_dissolved=23 December 1985
|government_head=[[Hiteswar Saikia]]
|state_head=[[Prakash Mehrotra]] [[Tribeni Sahai Misra]] [[Bhishma Narain Singh]]
|political_party=*'''[[Indian National Congress|INC]]'''
|election=[[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|predecessor=[[President's rule]]
|successor=[[First Mahanta ministry|Mahanta I]]
|state_head_title=Governor
|government_head_title=Chief Minister
|legislature_status=[[Majority government|Majority]] {{Composition bar|91|114|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}|last_election=[[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]|image=Hiteswar Saikia with Shankar Dayal Sharma (cropped).jpg}}

The '''First ministry of Hiteswar Saikia''' was the [[Government of Assam|Cabinet of Assam]] headed by Chief Minister of Assam [[Hiteswar Saikia]] that was formed after the [[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election]].

== History ==
The ministry was formed after the [[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election]] under Chief Minister [[Hiteswar Saikia]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hazarika |first1=Sanjoy |date=1983-02-28 |title=NEW GOVERNMENT INSTALLED IN ASSAM'S CAPITAL AMID TIGHT SECURITY |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/28/world/new-government-installed-in-assam-s-capital-amid-tight-security.html |access-date=2025-06-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The cabinet was originally composed of 13 cabinet ministers,<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/762866/1/jpi_June_1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250106062311/https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/762866/1/jpi_June_1983.pdf |archive-date=6 January 2025 |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=eparlib.nic.in |url-status=live }}</ref> including former Chief Ministers [[Anwara Taimur]] and [[Kesab Chandra Gogoi]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C51tAAAAMAAJ&q=Keshab%20Chandra%20Gogoi:%20Revenue%20and%20Industries |title=Asian Recorder |date=1983 |publisher=K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press |language=en}}</ref>

On 2 April 1983, 16 ministers were inducted into the Council of Ministers. On 17 May 1983, three more ministers were inducted, which raised the total to 32 ministers.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/762867/1/jpi_September_1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206053530/https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/762867/1/jpi_September_1983.pdf |archive-date=6 December 2021 |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=eparlib.nic.in |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=First Saikia ministry |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/50847/10/10_chapter%201.pdf |access-date=29 June 2025 |website=shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in}}</ref>

== Council of Ministers ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Constituency
!Portfolio
!Party
|-
|[[Hiteswar Saikia]] Chief Minister
|[[Nazira Assembly constituency|Nazira]]
|
* Home
* Excise
* General Administration
* Tourism
* Food
* Civil Supplies
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Cabinet Ministers'''
|-
|Mohammad Idris
|[[Rupohihat Assembly constituency|Rupohihat]]
|
*Finance
*Planning
* Development
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|[[Kesab Chandra Gogoi]]
|[[Dibrugarh Assembly constituency|Dibrugarh]]
|
* Revenue
* Industries
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|[[Anwara Taimur]]
|[[Dalgaon Assembly constituency|Dalgaon]]
|
* PWD
* Walkfs
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|Ranendra Narayan Basumatary
|[[Kokrajhar West]]
|
* Agriculture
* Welfare of Plans Tribes and Backward Classes
* Sericulture and Weaving
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|Upendra Das
|[[Boko Assembly constituency|Boko]]
|
* Fisheries
* Panchayat
* Community Development
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|Dhani Ram Rongpi
|[[Baithalangso Assembly constituency|Baithalangso]]
|
* Forest Areas
* Soil Conservation
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|[[Zahirul Islam (politician)|Zahirul Islam]]
|[[Mankachar Assembly constituency|Mankachar]]
|
* Irrigation
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|[[Jagannath Singh (Assam politician)|Jagannath Singh]]
|[[Udharbond Assembly constituency|Udharbond]]
|
* Transport
* Town and Country Planning;
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|Mukut Sharma
|[[Nowgong Assembly constituency|Nowgong]]
|
* Education
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|[[Jagdish Chandra Choudhury|Jagadish Chandra Choudhury]]
|[[Silchar Assembly constituency|Silchar]]
|
* Animal Husbandry
* Veterinary
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|[[Rameswar Dhanowar]]
|[[Digboi Assembly constituency|Digboi]]
|
* Labour
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Minister of State'''
|-
|Padam Bahadur Chouhan
|[[Tamulpur Assembly constituency|Tamulpur]]
|
* Animal Husbandry
* Veterinary
* Panchayat
* Community
* Development.
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Template:Assam ministries}}
[[Category:Assam ministries|Saikia I]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1983|Saikia I]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress state ministries of Assam|Saikia I]]
[[Category:1983 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 1985|Saikia I]]

Pune Highway

2026-03-02T04:57:47Z

Sahadathossain: done!

{{Short description|2024 Indian Hindi-language thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pune Highway
| image = Pune Highway poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = {{Plainlist|
*Bugs Bhargava Krishna
*Rahul da Cunha}}
| producer = {{Plainlist|
*Rahul da Cunha
*Seema Mohapatra
*Jahanara Bhargava}}
| writer =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Amit Sadh]]
*[[Jim Sarbh]]
*[[Anuvab Pal]]
*[[Manjari Fadnis]]
*[[Ketaki Narayan]]
*Sudeep Modak}}
| music = Shor Police
| cinematography = Deep Metkar
| editing = Abhishek Gupta
| studio = Drop D Films Ten Years Younger Productions
| distributor = [[Zee Studios]] [[Cinépolis|Cinépolis India]]
| released = {{Film date|2024|11||IFFI|2025|05|23|India|df=yes}}
| runtime =126 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Pune Highway''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[thriller film]] directed by Bugs Bhargava Krishna and Rahul da Cunha, and produced by Rahul da Cunha and Seema Mohapatra. The film stars [[Amit Sadh]], [[Jim Sarbh]], [[Anuvab Pal]], [[Manjari Fadnis]], [[Ketaki Narayan]], and Sudeep Modak. It premiered at the [[55th International Film Festival of India|55th IFFI]] 2024,<ref name="PIB">{{Cite web |title=PIB Press Release |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2076399 |access-date=3 May 2025 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name="FreePress">{{Cite web |title=Amit Sadh announces his upcoming thriller Pune Highway with Bugs Bhargava and Rahul Da Cunha |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bollywood/amit-sadh-announces-his-upcoming-thriller-pune-highway-with-bugs-bhargava-and-rahul-da-cunha |access-date=3 May 2025 |website=[[Free Press Journal]] |archive-date=25 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125030016/https://www.freepressjournal.in/bollywood/amit-sadh-announces-his-upcoming-thriller-pune-highway-with-bugs-bhargava-and-rahul-da-cunha |url-status=live }}</ref> and was theatrically released in India on 23 May 2025.<ref name="IFFI">{{Cite web |title=Pune Highway - IFFI Goa Film Guide |url=https://filmguide.iffigoa.org/detail/?id=6344 |access-date=3 May 2025 |website=[[IFFI]]}}</ref> It began streaming on [[Amazon Prime Video]] from 4 July 2025.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.justwatch.com/in/provider/amazon-prime-video/new|title=All the new releases on Amazon Prime Video India|website=JustWatch}}</ref>

== Plot ==
''Pune Highway'' is described as a chilling tale of friendship and a mysterious murder. The story revolves around a dead body and the secrets that unravel, creating a suspenseful narrative. The trailer highlights themes of friendship gone wrong and a gripping murder mystery.<ref name="CinemaExpress">{{Cite web |date=2 May 2025 |title=Pune Highway trailer: Jim Sarbh and Amit Sadh star in tale of friendship and murder |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/May/02/pune-highway-trailer-jim-sarbh-and-amit-sadh-star-in-tale-of-friendship-and-murder |access-date=3 May 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref name="ThePrint">{{Cite web |title=Pune Highway trailer: Jim Sarbh, Amit Sadh lead gripping tale of friendship and murder |url=https://theprint.in/feature/pune-highway-trailer-jim-sarbh-amit-sadh-lead-gripping-tale-of-friendship-and-murder/2613387/ |access-date=3 May 2025 |website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Amit Sadh]] as Pramod Khandelwal, Khandu, Mona Mansekar's guardian
*[[Manjari Fadnis]] as Natasha Khandelwal, Natsu, and Pramod's sister
*[[Jim Sarbh]] as Vishnu Shegal, a lawyer, Pramod and Natasha's childhood friend
*[[Anuvab Pal]] as Nicholas Thomas, Nicky, a painter and Pramod's childhood friend
*[[Shishir Sharma]] as Madhusudhan Mansekar, Mona Mansekar's father
*[[Ketaki Narayan]] as Mona Mansekar
*[[Rajit Kapoor]] as Dr. Mahesh
*Sudeep Modak as Inspector Prabhakar Pethe
*Delisha Chutani as Pethe's daughter
*Swapnil Ajagaonkar as Sub-Inspector Godbole
*Deepali Garg as Seema
*Dilshad Bhargava as Sister Mary Ann
*Trisha Bhisht as young Natasha
*Aarush Ganesh Bankhele as young Nicky
*Smita Dongre as Miss Saple
*Abhishek Krishnan as Arvind Saple Jr. Mona's fiancee
*Kalpana Ajaney as Vishnu's grandmother
*Himanshu Balpande as Babu Bhosle

== Production ==
The film is directed by Bugs Bhargava Krishna and Rahul da Cunha, with production handled by Rahul da Cunha and Seema Mohapatra under Drop D Films and Ten Years Younger Productions. Shooting began in November 2022, as announced by Amit Sadh, who described the project as a transition from an award-winning play to a drama-thriller screenplay.<ref name="TimesIndia">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2023 |title=It's a wrap for Amit Sadh's 'Pune Highway' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/its-a-wrap-for-amit-sadhs-pune-highway/articleshow/97420845.cms |access-date=3 May 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The filming was completed by January 2023, with Amit Sadh sharing a picture from the sets alongside co-star Jim Sarbh.<ref name="TimesIndia" /> Amit Sadh has compared the film to ''[[Kai Po Che!]]'', expressing excitement about its potential impact.<ref name="FinancialExpress">{{Cite web |title='I've found my next Kai Po Che,' Amit Sadh on his upcoming thriller Pune Highway |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment-ive-found-my-next-kai-po-che-amit-sadh-on-his-upcoming-thriller-pune-highway-2865853/ |access-date=3 May 2025 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|date=20 November 2022 }}</ref>

== Release ==
''Pune Highway'' was screened at the 55th [[International Film Festival of India]] (IFFI) in Goa in November 2024.<ref name="PIB" /><ref name="IFFI" /> The teaser for the film was released on 30 April 2025, followed by the official trailer on 2 May 2025.<ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |title=Pune Highway: Amit Sadh writes, 'Bahut time se mann kar raha hae ki bolu' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/pune-highway-amit-sadh-writes-bahut-time-se-mann-kar-raha-hae-ki-bolu-474664/ |access-date=3 May 2025 |website=[[The Tribune]] |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719190039/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/pune-highway-amit-sadh-writes-bahut-time-se-mann-kar-raha-hae-ki-bolu-474664 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CinemaExpress" /> It was theatrically released in India on 23 May 2025, and began streaming on [[Amazon Prime Video]] from 4 July 2025.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="Tribune" /><ref name="IFFI"/>

==Reception==
Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' observe that "Pune Highway isn’t always alive to Nicholas’s troubling ways, or the depiction of Mona as a textbook hussy. The film does a competent job of maintaining suspense over the killer’s identity and motives, but doesn’t create compelling enough characters to make the journey entirely engaging."<ref>{{cite web|first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1082536/pune-highway-review-a-bumpy-and-uneven-murder-mystery|title=‘Pune Highway’ review: A bumpy and uneven murder mystery|website=[[Scroll.in]]|access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>
Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and said that "Ultimately, Pune Highway is a film of conflicting ambitions. It wants to be a nostalgic tale of friendship, a character-driven drama, and a suspenseful murder mystery all at once. While it succeeds in moments, it falters in integrating these elements into a cohesive whole. The result is a film that is compelling in parts but inconsistent in impact."<ref>{{cite web|first=Devesh|last=Sharma|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/pune-highway-review-watch-it-for-jim-sarbh-and-amit-sadhs-performances-74077.html|title=Pune Highway Review: Watch it for Jim Sarbh and Amit Sadh’s Performances|website=[[Filmfare]]|access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>

Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated 2.5/5 stars and said that "Pune Highway holds tremendous potential in its story arc and character development, it falls short of delivering a truly compelling experience. What could have been a gripping thriller turns into a bumpy ride."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dhaval|last=Roy|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/pune-highway/movie-review/121375864.cms|title=Pune Highway Movie Review : Suspense holds steady, but the ride turns bumpy|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>
Amit Bhatia of ''[[ABP News]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and said that "Pune Highway is the kind of thriller Indian cinema needs more of—smart, subtle, and soaked in suspense. It respects the intelligence of its audience and rewards their attention with a genuinely engrossing experience. Sadly, without a massive marketing push or studio backing, it risks becoming another great film that few people see."<ref>{{cite web|first=Amit|last=Bhatia|url=https://news.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movie-review-pune-highway-review-amit-sadh-and-jim-sarbh-shine-in-this-gripping-underrated-whodunit-1774706|title=Pune Highway Review: Amit Sadh And Jim Sarbh Shine In This Gripping, Underrated Whodunit|website=[[ABP News]]|access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref>

Subhash K Jha writes for ''[[News 24 (Indian TV channel)|News 24]]'' awarded 3 stars out of 5 and commented that "Pune Highway doesn’t offer neat closures to the quirky conundrum of boundary-less relationships among friends who don’t seem to believe in giving one another space. They discuss their scatological and sex lives in the same breath amidst wild cackles and hisses."<ref>{{cite web|first=Subhash K|last=Jha|url=https://news24online.com/entertainment/pune-highway-review-involving-intriguing-murder-mystery-about-life-wrong-friends/570098/|title=Pune Highway Review: Involving Intriguing Murder Mystery About Life-Wrong Friends|website=News 24|access-date=24 May 2025}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt23752132|Pune Highway}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pune]]
[[Category:Films set in Pune]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2020s mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian buddy films]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:Indian drama road movies]]
[[Category:Indian road movies]]
[[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian murder mystery films]]
[[Category:Murder mystery films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Police procedural films]]
[[Category:Films about friendship]]
[[Category:Films about adultery in India]]

1998 Coimbatore bombings

2026-02-11T09:03:20Z

Sahadathossain: created stub

{{short description|Bombings in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = 1998 Coimbatore bombings
| partof =
| image = 1998 Coimbatore bombings.gif
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| location = [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| target = [[L.K. Advani]]<ref name="oneindia2007">{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2007/10/09/35-convicts-sentenced-1998-coimbatore-blasts.html |title=35 convicts sentenced in Coimbatore blast case – Oneindia News |publisher=Oneindia |date=9 October 2007|access-date=30 November 2013}}</ref>
| coordinates =
| date = {{start date|df=yes|1998|02|14}}
| time = 13:30–15:40
| timezone = [[UTC+05:30]]
| type = Serial [[bomb]]ing
| fatalities = 58<ref name="oneindia2007"/>
| injuries = 200+<ref>{{cite web|author=John F. Burns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/16/world/toll-from-bombing-in-india-rises-to-50-dead-and-200-hurt.html |title=Toll From Bombing in India Rises to 50 Dead and 200 Hurt |work=The New York Times |date=16 February 1998|access-date=30 November 2013}}</ref>
| victims = 
| perpetrators= [[Al Umma]], S. A. Basha
| perps = [[Al Ummah]]<ref>[[#Cordesman|Cordesman]], p. 72</ref>
| weapons = 13 [[bomb]]s
| numparts = 
| dfens = 
| motive = To avenge killing of 18 Muslims and to target L.K Advani
| website = 
}}

The '''1998 Coimbatore bombings''' occurred on Saturday, 14 February 1998, in the city of [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. A total of 58 people were killed<ref name="oneindia2007"/> and over 200 injured in the 12 bomb attacks in 11 places, all within a {{convert|12|km}} radius. The explosives used were found to be gelatin sticks activated by timer devices and were concealed in cars, motorcycles, bicycles, sideboxes of two-wheelers, denim and rexine bags, and fruit carts. Several bombs that failed to detonate were defused by bomb disposal squads of the Army, National Security Guards and Tamil Nadu Commando School. The bombings were apparently in retaliation to the [[1997 Coimbatore riots]] during November – December the previous year, when Hindu fundamentalists groups killed 18 Muslims and 2 Hindus <ref>{{cite web | title=Behind the Coimbatore tragedy | website=Frontline | date=1998-03-07 | url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30160948.ece | access-date=2022-04-30}}</ref> and looted several thousands of properties of Muslims following the murder of a traffic policeman named Selvaraj, by a member of the radical [[Islamist]] group [[Al Ummah]]. The main conspirator was found to be S A Basha, the founder of Al Ummah, an Islamic fundamentalist body. Investigators found out that the blasts were a part of larger conspiracy to target [[L.K.Advani]], the leader of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on that day at 4 p.m in his election meeting.

A judicial committee formed on 7 April 2000 under Justice P.R. Gokulakrishnan to probe the case confirmed that Al Ummah was responsible for the attacks. The committee tabled its final report in the Tamil Nadu Assembly on 18 May 2000, whose recommendations were accepted in principle by the state government. The trial of the case began on 7 March 2002 and as many as 1,300 witnesses were examined. S. A. Basha, the mastermind of the blasts was found guilty of hatching a criminal conspiracy to trigger a series of explosions there on 14 February 1998 and was convicted to life sentence along with 12 others. During September 2002, Imam Ali and four others, suspected to be involved in the blasts were killed in a [[police encounter]] in [[Bangalore]].

The loss reported by the platform vendors was several crores, but the state government awarded a compensation of {{INRConvert|4.92|c}} to all the victims. An individual ceiling of {{INRConvert|1|l}} was fixed as the maximum for each victim and a total of {{INRConvert|3.15|c}} was awarded.

==Background==
The Hindu-Muslim fundamentalist group riots in the city culminate back to the early 1980s when there was a propaganda by [[Hindu Munnani]], a Hindu religious outfit, against the attacks on them. There were minor Muslim groups that emerged during the period and they sustained based on petty crimes. The Hindu owners and landlords pumped lot of funds for their establishments against the Muslim ones. The situation was communalized even at the level of pavement side merchants. The Hindu Munnani urged Hindus not to shop in Muslim-owned business, Muslim businesses felt intimidated. The Hindu Munnani formed associations of Hindu traders. Reportedly, there were stabbings and counter-stabbings between the youth of Hindu Munnani and Al-Ummah. This communally polarized the city.<ref name=":1" /> Some [[Islamic fundamentalism|Islamic fundamentalistic]] movements like Jihad Committee, [[Al Ummah]] and Islamic United Front became active in [[Tamil Nadu]] following the [[demolition of the Babri Masjid]] in 1992.<ref name="Shoham 187"/> The agency became popular among Muslim circles when they perpetrated a [[1993 bombing of RSS office in Chennai|bomb blast]] in the building of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) in [[Chennai]] in August 1993. The change to violent methods split the organisation, with some of the leaders distancing themselves or getting arrested.<ref name="V.S.">[[#V.K.|V.S. 2013]], p. 30</ref> The activities of the Hindu Munnani, the Hindu Makkal Katchi, and the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) escalated but went unchallenged during the [[J. Jayalalithaa]] government. Al-Ummah and the Jihad Committee emerged as fundamentalist responses to this.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=SUBRAMANIAN|first=T. S.|title=A time of troubles|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30160955.ece|access-date=2021-04-01|website=Frontline|date=6 March 1998 |language=en}}</ref> The Hindutva organisations had been engaged in a concerted effort to spread Hindu nationalism as a political mobilization tactic for a decade. The Hindu Munnani and other [[Sangh Parivar]] groups have tried to gain political influence by increasing [[communal violence]] on Tamil Nadu's minority communities in Coimbatore and other southern districts.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Coimbatore|first=T. S. SUBRAMANIAN in|title=Behind the Coimbatore tragedy|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30160948.ece|access-date=2021-05-22|website=Frontline|date=6 March 1998 |language=en}}</ref> The Hindu Munnani and Al-Umma grew, feeding on each other's mischief.<ref name=":1" /> Over the years, a portion of the police force in Coimbatore became communalized.<ref name=":0" />

=== 1997 Coimbatore riots ===
{{Main|1997 Coimbatore riots}}
Riots in Coimbatore occurred between 29 November 1997 and 1 December 1997 in Coimbatore triggered by a murder of a police constable allegedly by some Muslim youth over a dispute of detention of Al-Ummah functionaries by the police. The policemen revolted in response to the murder of the constable and in concert with the members of the Hindu Munnani and the [[Hindu Makkal Katchi]], attacked Muslims and Muslim-owned properties. Clashes erupted between both the communities and the police reportedly opened fire targeting the Muslims killing ten. At the end of the riots, 18 Muslims and 2 Hindus lost their lives.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Confrontation in Coimbatore|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30160583.ece|access-date=2021-05-22|website=Frontline|date=12 December 1997 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=SUBRAMANIAN|first=T. S.|title=A time of troubles|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30160955.ece|access-date=2021-05-22|website=Frontline|date=6 March 1998 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coimbatore becomes a communal minefield, Karunanidhi calls in Army to quell violence|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/19971215-coimbatore-becomes-a-communal-minefield-karunanidhi-calls-in-army-to-quell-violence-831059-1997-12-15|url-status=live|website=India Today|date=15 December 1997 |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522062052/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/19971215-coimbatore-becomes-a-communal-minefield-karunanidhi-calls-in-army-to-quell-violence-831059-1997-12-15 |archive-date=22 May 2021 }}</ref> Many Muslim youth were beaten to death or burnt alive. Muslim-owned businesses in different parts of the city were looted and burnt down.<ref name=":1" /> This was considered the culmination point for the serial bomb blasts.<ref name="Shoham 187" /> Two men, allegedly part of Al Ummah were also killed.<ref name="BBC" />

==Blast incidents==
On 14 February 1998, the first of the serial bombs exploded at 3.50 pm IST in a cycle stand at the [[Coimbatore Junction railway station]], killing six people. There were allegations that suicide bombers were ready to target [[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]], the leader of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), during his election meeting at 4 pm. At 3:55 pm, the second bomb went off in Sundarapuram, SB Towers, killing three people and the third at Shanmuganandham Road, the location of the meeting, killing four. The fourth blast occurred in the basement parking of Rajarajeswari Tower, a commercial complex. At 4:05 pm, a car bomb exploded at the entrance of the Coimbatore general hospital, killing two nurses, a patient and a doctor. The blast took place exactly in the place where a Muslim youth was charred to death in an earlier riots. At 4:10 pm, the sixth bomb went off at the Timber Mart and three bombs at the city's Variety Hall. The next blast at Poompugar killed two people. The penultimate blast took place at 8:30 pm, at Karunanidhi Nagar, and the final one at 10 pm in Bazaar Street. Overall, in a span of six hours, the city witnessed 12 explosions that killed 58 people and injured more than 200 people.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|title=Convictions over 1998 India bombs|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6925924.stm|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=1 August 2007|access-date=30 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="outlook">{{cite news|title=Echoes of Bombay|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?205136|newspaper=Outlook|last=A.S.|first=Panneerselvam|date=2 March 1998|access-date=30 November 2013}}</ref>

Investigators found out that the blasts were a part of larger conspiracy to target L.K. Advani at his 4 pm election meeting. One of the bombs went off {{convert|800|m|ft|abbr=on}} away from the podium where he was to conduct his election rally.<ref name="BBC"/> Since the blasts were masterminded by Islamic fundamentalists and planted in areas with a Hindu majority population, most of the victims were Hindus. There were also some Muslim victims, who were killed in the blasts. The blast near the RS Puram police station was the most powerful amongst the bombings and caused 12 casualties. The blasts were targeted at disrupting the commercial activities of the town and planted at commercial points. Most of the victims belonged to other part of the city. Most of the victims were youth, who were participants in Advani's rally were killed in the blasts. Hindu fundamentalists attacked people at random and properties belonging to Muslims were ransacked, in the aftermath of the serial blasts.<ref name="Shoham 202">[[#Shoham|Shoham 2010]], pp. 202–5</ref>

The explosives used were found to be gelatin sticks activated by timer devices. They were concealed in cars, motorcycles, bicycles, sideboxes of two-wheelers, denim and rexine bags, and in a cart loaded with pineapples. Several bombs that failed to detonate were defused by bomb disposal squads of the Army, National Security Guards and Tamil Nadu Commando School. An abandoned car laden with 70 kg of explosives, was found on East Lokamanya Street in R.S. Puram, close to the BJP meeting venue, gave cause for much anxiety for days until the complicated device was dismantled.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite journal|title=Human bombs and human error|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1510/15100320.htm|volume=15|issue=10|journal=Frontline|last=T.S.|first=Subramanian|location=Chennai|date=9–22 May 1998|access-date=30 November 2013}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
Tamil Nadu and South India are considered relatively free of communal riots and violence. The riots and the blasts following it were considered the first of its kind.<ref>[[#Gilly|Gilly 2009]], p. 29</ref> The incident put Tamil Nadu in the terrorist map.<ref name="Shoham 187">[[#Shoham|Shoham 2010]], pp. 187–9</ref><ref name="NDTV"/> The ruling party at that time, the [[D.M.K]] came under severe criticism for this incident. Most political leaders and parties expressed shock and revulsion over the blasts. AIADMK general secretary Jayalalitha demanded that then CM Karunanidhi own "moral responsibility" for the blasts and resign. Following a report from the Union Home Ministry on the security situation in Coimbatore, polling in the Coimbatore Lok Sabha constituency was postponed from 22 to 28 February. The bomb blast also had strong political implications. The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[C.P. Radhakrishnan]] won by a record margin of over 1,00,000 votes in the 1998 Lok Sabha elections.<ref name="outlook"/>

For days after the explosions, the city of Coimbatore looked like a town deserted; business establishments, shops and roadside stalls remained closed and few people ventured out. Hotels refused admission to guests. Wild rumours of fresh bomb attacks spread. In middle-class localities, residents formed vigilante groups. Anyone new to a neighbourhood was watched closely. At [[R. S. Puram, Coimbatore|R.S Puram]], where several bombs had gone off, roads in some neighbourhoods were barricaded and "outsiders" were denied parking space for their cars. All this had more than a little to do with the car bomb discovered on East Lokamanya Road in R.S. Puram. For four days, attention was riveted on it. Residents in the locality moved out even as bomb disposal experts prepared to defuse the explosive. This incident came as a severe blow to the upcoming economy of Coimbatore. Real estate prices dropped temporarily, new investments to the city were temporarily halted. However, normalcy was restored within a few months. [[K. Radhakrishnan (police officer)|K. Radhakrishnan]], then appointed as city police commissioner Coimbatore, restored normalcy to the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/26/stories/2009012657330200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129172908/http://hindu.com/2009/01/26/stories/2009012657330200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 January 2009 |title=Tamil Nadu / Chennai News : President's medal for Commissioner |date=26 January 2009|work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=30 November 2013}}</ref> The loss reported by the platform vendors was several crores, but the state government awarded a compensation of {{INRConvert|4.92|c}} to all the victims. An individual ceiling of {{INRConvert|1|l}} was fixed as the maximum for each victim and a total of {{INRConvert|3.15|c}} was awarded.<ref name="Shoham 209">[[#Shoham|Shoham 2010]], pp. 209</ref>

==Probe and arrests==
Within hours of the blasts, the Tamil Nadu Government banned the Muslim fundamentalist group Al Ummah and the Jihad Committee. Al Ummah founder-president S.A. Basha and 12 other members of the organisation were arrested in [[Chennai]];<ref>[[#Gilly|Gilly 2009]], p. 34</ref> explosive materials and weapons were seized from his house in [[Triplicane]], [[Chennai]]. Leaders of the Jihad Committee and the Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazhagam (TMMK) were arrested in a State-wide crackdown. Among those arrested were Jihad Committee president R.M. Haniffa, general secretary Mohammed Haniffa, student wing secretary Akram Khan, TMMK president and college lecturer M.H. Jawahirulla and treasurer G.M. Pakkar. Over the next few days, over 100 activists of the three organisations were arrested at Keezhakkarai, Devakottai, Dindigul, Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Nagercoil, Melapalayam and Udumalpetai. About 1,000 others were detained as a precautionary measure. In Coimbatore district, nine persons were arrested; 528 others – 326 Hindus and 202 Muslims – were detained as a precautionary measure.<ref name="outlook"/>

In Coimbatore, joint combing operations undertaken for days after the blasts by the [[Coimbatore City Police|police]], the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), the Rapid Action Force (RAF) and the Swift Action Force (SAF) in Kottaimedu, Tirumal Street, N.H. Road, Vincent Road, [[Ukkadam]], Al-Ameen Colony, Majeed Colony, Salamath Nagar and Saramedu yielded a huge haul of explosives and deadly weapons: 210 gelatin sticks, 540 pipe bombs, 575 petrol bombs, 1,100 electrical detonators and a large number of knives, swords, pickaxes and sickles.<ref name="frontline">{{cite journal|title=Behind the Coimbatore tragedy|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1505/15050090.htm|journal=Frontline|volume=15|issue=5|date=7–20 March 1998|access-date=30 November 2013|last=T.S.|first=Subramanian}}</ref> Abdul Nasir Madani, chief of Islamist political outfit called PDP, well known for his provoking speeches, was arrested by the police on 31 March 1998, for his alleged link with suspects of this blast.<ref>[[#Gupta|Gupta 2012]], p. 60</ref>

==Justice P.R. Gokulakrishnan Commission of Inquiry==
The Tamil Nadu government set up a one-man commission under Justice P.R. Gokulakrishnan to probe the blasts. The commission filed a report that was tabled in the Tamil Nadu Assembly on 27 November 1998. The report indicated that the seven instances of police firing in Coimbatore on 30 November and 1 December 1997, leading to the killing of eighteen Muslims, were justified. The report found out that the blasts were culminated by the killing of police constable Selvaraj on 29 November 1997 by three members of Al-Umma that led to a revolt by police personnel and subsequent police firings on Muslim mobs.<ref name="Gokul"/>

The final report of the commission was tabled in the Assembly on 18 May 2000. The report indicted the police by stating "the lapse on the part of the police personnel, deputed for surveillance and checks, in discharging their duties more vigorously, vigilantly and intelligently". It also quoted that "for surveillance and checks, had been more vigilant before the bomb blasts, the tragic incidents... could have been averted". The report stated that several state and central vigilance warnings were discarded by the city police. The report concluded that the [[Islamic fundamentalism|Muslim fundamentalist]] organisation [[Al Ummah]], based in Tamil Nadu, hatched a conspiracy to "avenge" the killings of 18 Muslims during earlier riots. The report quoted that three human bombs named Amanuallah, Melapalayam Amjath Ali and Rafique alias Shanmugam, were targeting L.K. Advani, but could not penetrate the security cardon. The investigations found that the group used the videotapes of the deceased during the riots to mobilise sympathy and garner [[Terrorism financing|financial support]] from Muslim countries, mainly those comprising the [[Gulf countries|Gulf]].<ref name="V.S."/><ref name="Gokul"/> The report made several recommendations like deploying checkposts in sensitive areas, proscribing organisations acting against law, setting up separate intelligence wing and methods to evaluate feedback of lower level police officers. The government accepted the commission's findings in principle and stated that specific recommendations would be examined in detail by the respective departments before passing orders.<ref name="Gokul">{{cite magazine|title=Indicting the police |url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1712/17120490.htm|magazine=Frontline|volume=17|issue=12|date=10–23 June 2000|last=T.S.|first=Subramanian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216054802/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1712/17120490.htm|archive-date=16 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="conviction"/>

==Trial==
The trial of the case began on 7 March 2002 and as many as 1,300 witnesses were examined.<ref name="conviction"/> S. A. Basha, the mastermind of the blasts was found guilty of hatching a criminal conspiracy to trigger a series of explosions there on 14 February 1998 and to create enmity between the two communities.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/indexn12.asp?main_variable=FLASH&file_name=cap1%2Etxt&counter_img=1 |title=Basha, 72 others convicted for Coimbatore blasts |newspaper=The Pioneer |date=1 August 2007 |access-date=30 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008223514/http://www.dailypioneer.com/indexn12.asp?main_variable=FLASH&file_name=cap1.txt&counter_img=1 |archive-date=8 October 2008}}</ref><ref>[[#N.C.|N.C. 1998]], p. 171</ref> During 2002, as many as 168 people were facing trial and it came to 14 during the period of conviction of trial court in 2007. The arguments ended on 10 April 2007 and judgement was pronounced on 24 October 2007. Out of the 14 accused, 13 were found guilty of blasts and were convicted. Madani was the only one out of the 14 to be acquitted. Madani earlier sought bail stating health grounds. Basha, the chief conspirator was awarded life sentence and his aide, Mohammad Ansari was awarded twin life sentence that run concurrently.<ref name="conviction">{{cite news|title=Court gives clean chit to main accused Madani|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/court-gives-clean-chit-to-main-accused-madani/45998-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820044010/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/court-gives-clean-chit-to-main-accused-madani/45998-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 August 2010|publisher=IBN Live|date=24 October 2007|last=Ravishankar|first=Sandhya|access-date=30 November 2013}}</ref>

A revision petition was filed by a victim's father in Madras High Court against the acquittal of Madani. Another revision petition was filed in the court by the 39 convicts against their conviction and one another wanted the punishment of S A Basha to be enhanced to death sentence. The court passed orders on all the petitions on 18 December 2009. It upheld the trial court judgement of 18 Al Ummah activists and also the release of Madani. It however, acquitted 21 people convicted to life sentence by the lower court.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coimbatore blasts: Madras HC acquits 21 life convicts|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/coimbatore-blasts-madras-hc-acquits-21-life-convicts-13378|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=NDTV|location=New Delhi|date=17 September 2009|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-date=9 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309221001/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/coimbatore-blasts-madras-hc-acquits-21-life-convicts-13378|url-status=dead}}</ref>

During September 2002, Imam Ali and four others, suspected to be involved in the blasts were killed in a police encounter in [[Bangalore]]. Police recovered lot of arms and ammunition from the site where encounter happened.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cops gun down five suspected terrorists in Bangalore|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/sep/29bang.htm|publisher=Rediff|last=Chand|first=Fakir|date=29 September 2002|access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=5 linked to Coimbatore blasts killed in Bangalore|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/5-linked-to-Coimbatore-blasts-killed-in-Bangalore/articleshow/21330520.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131212013647/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-09-29/bangalore/27311840_1_imam-ali-hyder-ali-coimbatore-blasts|url-status=live|archive-date=12 December 2013|date=29 September 2002|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref>
On 17 November 2009, nine members of Al Ummah, convicted in the blasts were released from jail for their good conduct, 16 months short of their full sentence on the occasion of 100th birth anniversary of [[Arignar Anna]], the founder of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) and ex-chief minister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Men guilty of Coimbatore blasts released early from jail|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/men-guilty-of-coimbatore-blasts-released-early-from-jail-8623|publisher=NDTV|location=Chennai|date=17 September 2009|access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref>

Fakrudeen, one of the nine released early, was 16 at the time of the blast. He stated that the group avenged the earlier communal riots with the blasts. He said after the release that "I deeply regret the blasts. I have realised that we ought to have avenged the riots in court. We should not have retaliated with violence. The law offered many provisions for minorities. We should have used them to get justice".<ref name="NDTV">{{cite web|title=Coimbatore blasts: The repentant terrorist|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/coimbatore-blasts-the-repentant-terrorist-8766|publisher=NDTV|location=Coimbatore|last=Daniel|first=Sam|date=19 September 2009|access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==References==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|title=World War IV: Militant Islam's Battle for World Domination|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7EvYvlUloVgC&pg=PA2025 |last=Cohen|first=Sheldon|ref=Cohen|publisher=eBookIt.com|year=2013|isbn=9781456612863}}
* {{cite book|title=Terrorism, Asymmetric Warfare, and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Defending the U.S. Homeland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FxVOtJqmVbsC&pg=PA72 |last=Cordesman|first=Anthony H|ref=Cordesman|year=2002|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780275974275|location=Washington D.C.}}
* {{cite book|title=The Ethics of Terrorism: Innovative Approaches from an International Perspective (17 Lectures)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5SlnZilfMMC&pg=PA29 |last1=Gilly|first1=Thomas A. |first2=Yakov|last2=Gilinskiy|last3=Sergevnin|first3=Vladimir A.|year=2009|publisher=Charles C Thomas Publisher|isbn=9780398079956|ref=Gilly}}
* {{cite book|title=Indian Mujahideen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v7Jp94ZaEekC&pg=PT60 |last=Gupta|first=Shishir|isbn=9789350093757|publisher=Hachette UK|ref=Gupta|year=2012}}
* {{cite book|title=Urban Terrorism: Myths and Realities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EqWnqdsgZMC&pg=PA171 |last1=N.C.|first1=Asthana|last2=Nirmal|first2=Anjali|ref=N.C.|year=1998|publisher=Pointer Publishers|isbn=9788171325986}}
* {{cite book|title=International Handbook of Victimology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UkUlVY0YZEC&pg=PA187 |last1=Shoham|first1=Shlomo Giora|last2=Knepper|first2=Paul|last3=Kett|first3=Martin |publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781420085488|year=2010|ref=Shoham}}
* {{cite book|title=Indian Mujahideen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XREJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 |last1=V.K.|first1=Subramanian|last2=Mannes|first2=Aaron|last3=Roul|first3=Animesh|last4=R.K.|first4=Raghavan|publisher=Springer International Publishing|isbn=9783319028187|year=2013|location=Switzerland|ref=V.K.}}
{{refend}}

{{Coimbatore}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121105060827/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/04/stories/2009080455170400.htm "Arguments on blasts case appeals begin "] ''The Hindu''
* [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20C12FA34580C758DDDAB0894D0494D81 "Toll From Bombing in India Rises to 50 Dead and 200 Hurt"], ''The New York Times''
{{Islamic terrorism in Asia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Coimbatore Bombings}}
[[Category:Car and truck bombings in 1998]]
[[Category:1998 mass murders]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 1998]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:20th-century mass murders in India]]
[[Category:Car and truck bombings in India]]
[[Category:1990s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Religiously motivated violence in India]]
[[Category:Crime in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 1998]]
[[Category:Marketplace attacks in India]]
[[Category:History of Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Building bombings in India]]
[[Category:Attacks on hospitals in India]]
[[Category:Hospital bombings in Asia]]
[[Category:Motorcycle bombings in India]]
[[Category:Trials in India]]
[[Category:2000s trials]]
[[Category:1998 building bombings]]
[[Category:February 1998 crimes]]
[[Category:February 1998 in India]]

U. R. Bhat

2026-01-26T17:49:16Z

Sahadathossain: Structure improved and content revised

{{Short description|Indian economist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2008}}
'''Ullal Ravindra "U. R." Bhat''' is a noted economic columnist of India.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/expert-view/bullish-on-these-3-sectors-in-next-12-24-months-ur-bhat-dalton-capital-advisors/articleshow/71632344.cms|title=Bullish on these 3 sectors in next 12-24 months: UR Bhat, Dalton Capital Advisors|accessdate=9 January 2020|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> He had his education in [[IIT Kanpur]]. He joined [[Indian Bank]] and quit to start a career in financial investments. He worked in [[Jardine Fleming]] India as head of the country operations. He is a regular at NDTV Profit Television channel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfimar.org/uploads/downloads/ed2b799d-9172-4a92-9105-27ed0e7431b4_Speaker%20series%20123%202015.pdf|title=EMINENTSPEAKER SERIESAT'CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE'2015|accessdate=9 January 2020|publisher=sfimar.org}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> He works for Dalton Capital Advisors (India) Pvt. Ltd. He is also a director of [[Karnataka Bank]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://karnatakabank.com/ktk/BoardofDirectors.jsp?id=BD7|title=Board of Directors|accessdate=2009-09-07|publisher=[[Karnataka Bank]]|archive-date=15 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115172709/http://karnatakabank.com/ktk/BoardofDirectors.jsp?id=BD7|url-status=dead}}</ref> He belongs to tulu speaking [[Shivalli]] Madhva Brahmin community.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.india-today.com/btoday/07121997/case.html Business Harvesting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929111541/http://www.india-today.com/btoday/07121997/case.html |date=29 September 2007 }}
*[http://www.etintelligence.com/etig/productsandservices/columns/columnsArchivesURBhat.jsp Articles by U.R.Bhat]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhat, U. R}}
[[Category:Indian bankers]]
[[Category:Mangaloreans]]
[[Category:Tulu people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]
[[Category:People from Dakshina Kannada district]]

Glenary's

2026-01-23T13:38:09Z

Sahadathossain: creating basic pg more to come

{{Short description|Colonial-era cafe in Darjeeling, India}}
{{Infobox restaurant
| name = Glenary's
| image = File:2024-03-05 Glenary's Bakery and Restaurant in Darjeeling Mall.jpg
| image_caption = Glenary's entrance
| slogan =
| logo =
| established = {{start date and age|1885|paren=yes}}
| current_owner =
| head_chef =
| food_type = [[Confectionery]]
| dress_code =
| rating =
| street_address =
| city = [[Darjeeling, West Bengal]]
| postcode = 734101
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates =
| seating_capacity =
| reservations =
| other_locations =
| other_information =
| website =
}}

'''''Glenary's Bakery & Cafe''''' is a [[British Raj]]-era [[heritage asset|heritage]] [[cafe]] in [[Darjeeling, India]]. It was founded as a [[confectionery store]] named ''Vado'' by an Italian family around 1885.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rongmei |first1=Precious RongmeiPrecious |title=History and tea-talk at the iconic Glenary’s in Darjeeling |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/eating-out/history-and-tea-talk-at-the-iconic-glenarys-in-darjeeling/articleshow/94376439.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Paul |first1=Prasanta |title=Glenary’s Array of Gourmet Dishes |url=https://eastindiastory.com/glenarys-array-of-gourmet-dishes/ |website=East India Story |date=25 July 2025}}</ref> It is counted among the oldest eateries in the hill station (and the country) and is known for its teas and pastries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/food/dyuti-banerjee-of-masterchef-india-fame-recommends-five-must-haves-from-glenarys-darjeeling-photogallery/cid/2105243?slide=2#goog_rewarded|title=MasterChef Dyuti ‘Energy’ Banerjee’s top-5 Glenary’s treats}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Verma |first1=Muskan |title=From Lucknow’s Tunday Kababi to Glenary’s in Darjeeling: 5 Indian restaurants serving for over 100 years |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/photo-gallery-from-lucknow-s-tunday-kababi-to-glenary-s-in-darjeeling-5-indian-restaurants-serving-for-over-100-years-3164805/tunday-kababi-in-lucknow-3164810 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

The cafe has around 170 permanent employees and no retirement policy.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/darjeeling-tea-taken-off-glenarys-menu/cid/1888422| title=Darjeeling Tea taken off Glenary’s menu}}</ref><ref>https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/coronavirus-lockdown-jobs-at-glenarys-taste-like-its-confectionery/cid/1781480</ref>

== Controversies ==
In 2022, the cafe stopped selling [[Darjeeling tea]] as a way to protest against some planters’ refusal to grant annual bonus to their workers.<ref name="auto"/>

In December 2025, its bar was ordered to be closed on account of incomplete license renewal process and several other violations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sengupta |first1=OT Staff,Anuradha |title=Ahead Of Festive Season, Darjeeling’s Historic Glenary’s Buzz Bar Faces Temporary Closure |url=https://www.outlooktraveller.com/News/ahead-of-festive-season-darjeelings-historic-glenarys-buzz-bar-faces-temporary-closure |website=Outlook Traveller |language=en |date=12 December 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian restaurants]]
[[Category:Coffeehouses and cafés in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Darjeeling]]
[[Category:Hotels in Darjeeling]]

Kalsubai Harishchandragad Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-01-22T18:11:06Z

Sahadathossain: Put up a info...

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Kalsubai Harishchandragad Wildlife Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| map = India Maharashtra#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| location = Akole tehsil, Ahmadnagar district, Maharashtra, India
| area = 361.71 km²
| established = 1986
}}

Kalsubai Harishchandragad Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the northern [[Western Ghats]] of [[Maharashtra]], India. Spanning approximately 361.71 km2, it is situated primarily within the Akole Tehsil of the [[Ahmednagar district]]. The sanctuary houses Mount [[Kalsubai]], the highest peak in Maharashtra (1,646 m), and the historic hill fort of [[Harishchandragad]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-23 |title=Kalsubai Harishchandragad Wildlife Sanctuary - WildTrails {{!}} The One-Stop Destination for all your Wildlife Holidays |url=https://wildtrails.in/kalsubai-harishchandragad-wildlife-sanctuary/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=wildtrails.in |language=en-GB}}</ref>

The rugged terrain of the sanctuary features moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests. It supports mammals such as the Indian leopard, jungle cat, palm civet, and Indian giant squirrel, alongside several species of reptiles and birds. The area is a major hub for monsoon trekking and ecotourism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nashik: Wildlife Census Reveals Rich Biodiversity in Kalsubai-Harishchandragad Sanctuary |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/pune/nashik-wildlife-census-reveals-rich-biodiversity-in-kalsubai-harishchandragad-sanctuary |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.mtdc.co.in/sanctuaries/kalsubai-harishchandragad-wildlife-sanctuary-2/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KALSUBAI HARISHCHANDRA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY - Maharashtra |url=https://arked.in/kalsubai-harishchandra-wildlife-sanctuary-maharashtra.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=arked.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-11 |title=Protecting fireflies’ habitat at Kalsubai-Harishchandragad top priority: NGT |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/protecting-fireflies-habitat-at-kalsubai-harishchandragad-top-priority-ngt-101752177194754.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of India]]
[[Category:Protected areas of India]]

{{India-geo-stub}}

Indian Revenue Service

2026-01-21T06:27:03Z

Sahadathossain:

{{Short description|Indian taxation agency}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=September 2019}}
{{tone|date=September 2019}}
{{Promotional|date=September 2019}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox
| title = Indian Revenue Service {{small|{{IAST|Bhāratīya Rājasva Sevā}}}}
| headerstyle = background:#4682B4; color:white;
| data1 = [[File:Indian Revenue Service Logo.png|220px|frameless]] {{center|IRS (Income Tax)}} [[File:Indian Revenue Service (C&CE).png|220px|frameless]] {{center|IRS (Customs and Indirect Taxes)}}
| label3 = [[Date of establishment|Founded]]
| data3 = {{start date and age|df=yes|1919}} {{small|(as Imperial Customs Service)}} {{start date and age|df=yes|1944}} {{small|(as Income Tax Service)}} {{start date and age|df=yes|1953}} {{small|(as Indian Revenue Service)}}
| header2 = Service overview
| label4 = Headquarters
| data4 = [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|North Block]], [[New Delhi]]
| label5 = Country
| data5 = {{Flag|India}}
| label6 = Staff colleges
| data6 = # [[National Academy of Direct Taxes]], [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]]
# [[National Academy of Customs Indirect Taxes and Narcotics]], [[NH-44]], [[Palasamudram]], Gorantla Mandal, Hindupur Taluk, [[Sri Sathya Sai district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| label7 = Cadre controlling authority
| data7 = Department of Revenue, [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]]
| label8 = Minister responsible
| data8 = [[Nirmala Sitharaman]], [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] and [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs|Minister of Corporate Affairs]]
| label9 = Legal personaliity
| data9 = [[Governmental]] [[Civil service]]
| label10 = Duties
| data10 =
| label11 = [[En cadre|Cadre strength]]
| data11 = 9,775 members (2018) 4,192 (Income Tax)<ref>{{cite web|title=Information to be published under Section 4(1)(b) of the Right to Information Act, 2005., Central Board of Direct Taxes, 2014|url=https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Documents/4(1)(b)_15092009.pdf |access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref> and 5,583 (Customs and Indirect Taxes)<ref>{{cite web|title=Allocation of Revised Cadre Strength, Central Board of Direct Taxes, 2018|url=http://www.cbic.gov.in/resources//htdocs-cbec/deptt_offcr/cadre-restruct/allocation_of_revised_cadre_strength_12_jan.pdf |access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref>
| label12 = Selection
| data12 = [[Civil Services Examination]]
| label13 = Associations
| data13 = #Indian Revenue Service Association
#IRS (Customs & Indirect Taxes) Association
| header14 = Service chiefs
| label15 = [[Chairperson, Central Board of Direct Taxes|Chairperson, CBDT]]
| data15 = Ravi Agarwal, IRS-IT:1988
| label16 = [[Chairperson Central Board of Excise & Customs|Chairperson, CBIC]]
| data16 = Sanjay Agarwal, IRS–C&IT:1988<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/pranab-k-das-is-new-cbic-chairman/articleshow/67154234.cms |title = Pranab K Das is new CBIC chairman - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=19 December 2018 }}</ref>
| header17 = Head of the civil services
| label18 = [[Cabinet Secretary (India)|Cabinet Secretary]]
| data18 = [[T. V. Somanathan]], [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
}}
{{Politics of India}}
The '''Indian Revenue Service''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: {{IAST|Bhāratīya Rājasva Sevā}}), often abbreviated as '''IRS''', is a [[civil service]] that is primarily responsible for [[tax collection|collecting]] and administering [[Direct tax|direct]] and [[indirect tax]]es. As a [[Central Civil Services|central civil service]] under Group A<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.legitquest.com/legal-guide/income-tax-act|title = Income Tax Act : Income Tax Act 1961 : Definition, Slab, Sections - Legitquest}}</ref> of the [[executive branch]] of the [[Government of India]], it functions under the Department of Revenue<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} Department of Revenue {{!}} Ministry of Finance {{!}} Government of India |url=https://dor.gov.in/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=dor.gov.in}}</ref> of the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] and is under the administrative direction of the Revenue Secretary and the ministerial command of the [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]].

The IRS comprises two branches, [[Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax)]] and [[Indian Revenue Service (Custom & Indirect Taxes)]], controlled by two separate [[statute|statutory]] bodies, the [[Central Board of Direct Taxes]] (CBDT) and the [[Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs]] (CBIC). The duties of the IRS (IT) include among others, formulation of domestic direct tax policy (through the Tax Policy and Legislation Section<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Central Board of Direct Taxation|url=https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Pages/about-us/central-board-of-direct-taxation.aspx|access-date=2020-11-21|website=www.incometaxindia.gov.in}}</ref>), formulation of international tax policy (through the Foreign Tax and Tax Research Division<ref name=":0" />), handling policy matters in respect of investigation of tax evasion (through the Investigation Section<ref name=":0" />), updating, resolving and maintaining the relevant laws (through the ITA Division), administering the direct tax policy (through its field offices across the country<ref>{{Cite web|title=Organizations and Functions|url=https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Pages/about-us/index.aspx|access-date=2020-11-21|website=www.incometaxindia.gov.in}}</ref>), and administering all the associated administrative functions pertaining to direct taxes. The duties of the IRS (C&IT) include formulation and enforcement of policy concerning the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|Goods and Services Tax]], prevention of smuggling, and administration of matters related to [[Customs]] and Narcotics.

In the 2017-2018 financial year (i.e. 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2018), the IRS (IT) received 5,87,13,458 returns<ref>{{cite web|last=[[Income Tax Department]]|first=Central Board of Direct Taxes|date=October 2019|title=Income Tax Return Statistics, Assessment Year 2018-19|url=https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Documents/Direct%20Tax%20Data/IT-Return-Statistics-Assessment-Year-2018-19.pdf|access-date=21 November 2020|website=Income Tax India}}</ref> and collected direct taxes amounting to ₹11.37 trillion,<ref>{{Cite web|last=[[Income Tax Department]]|first=Central Board of Direct Taxes|date=2019|title=Income Tax Department Time Series Data|url=https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Documents/Direct%20Tax%20Data/IT-Department-Time-Series-Data-FY-2000-01-to-2018-19.pdf|website=Income Tax India}}</ref> spending {{INRConvert|60|k|year=2015}} for every {{INRConvert|1|k|year=2015}} it collected.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Year Book India, 2017|url=http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/statistical_year_book_india_2015/Table-6.7_0.xls |access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref> The relative contribution of direct tax to the overall tax collection of the Central Government has risen from about 36% to 56% over the period of 2000–01 to 2013–14. The contribution of direct tax-to-GDP has doubled (from about 3% to 6%) during the same period.<ref name="Profile IRS" />

==History==
===Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax)===
{{see also|Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax)}}
Direct tax in the form of an income tax was introduced by Sir James Wilson in India in 1860 to overcome the difficulties created by the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Singh |first1=Raj |title=Raj Singh, A synthesised study of Indian income tax structure, 31/12/1993|journal=University |date=31 December 1993 |hdl=10603/113003}}</ref> The organisational history of the Income-tax Department, however, starts in the year 1922, when the ''Income-tax Act''<ref name=":1" />'', 1922'' gave, for the first time, a specific nomenclature to various Income-tax authorities. In 1924, the Central Board of Revenue Act constituted a Central Board of Revenue – the statutory body with functional responsibilities for administering the Income Tax Act.

Commissioners of income tax were appointed for each province, and assistant commissioners and tax officers were placed under their control.<ref name="ITD History">{{cite web|title=History of Direct Taxation, Income Tax Department, Government of India|url=https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Pages/about-us/history-of-direct-taxation.aspx |access-date=27 August 2018}}</ref> Officers from the [[Indian Civil Service (British India)|Imperial Civil Services]] (ICS) occupied top posts and the lower echelons were filled through promotions from the ranks. The Income Tax Service was established in 1944 and was subsequently re-constituted as the Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax) in 1953.

In 1963, given the increasingly complex roles and responsibilities of administering direct tax in India, the Central Board of Direct Taxes was constituted as a statutory body under the ''Central Board of Revenue Act, 1963''.<ref name="ITD History" />

===Indian Revenue Service (Customs and Central Excise)===
With the passing of the ''[[Government of India Act, 1919]]'' the civil services—under the oversight of the [[Secretary of State for India]]—were split into two arms, the [[All India Services]], and the Central Services.<ref name="Public Personnel Administration">{{cite book|title=Public Personnel Administration : Theory and Practice|last1=Goel|first1=S.L.|last2=Rajneesh|first2=Shalini|publisher=Deep and Deep Publications|others=Foreword by [[Vasundhara Raje]]|year=2002|isbn=978-8176293952|location=[[Delhi]]|oclc=51300460}}</ref> Apart from the Central Secretariat, the more important of these latter were the Railway Services, the Indian Posts and Telegraph Service, and the Imperial Customs Service.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Perspective, Union Public Service Commission, India| url= http://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/History%20of%20the%20Commission%20final%20%281%29_0.pdf |access-date=27 August 2018}}</ref> After [[Independence Day (India)|Independence]], the Imperial Customs Service was reconstituted as the Indian Revenue Service (Customs and Central Excise) in 1953.

The nature of the service underwent a transformational change with the enactment of the [[One Hundred and First Amendment of the Constitution of India]], which overhauled the administration of indirect taxation in India with the introduction of the [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|Goods and Services Tax (GST)]]. With the subsumption of several indirect taxes and levies, including [[Taxation in India#History|central excise duty]] and [[Service Tax|service tax]], under the GST, the nomenclature was updated to reflect the changed structure of taxation from IRS (Customs and Central Excise) to IRS (Customs and Indirect Taxes).

==Recruitment==
There are two streams of recruitment to the Indian Revenue Service. IRS officers may enter the IRS by passing the [[Civil Services Examination]] (CSE). The CSE is a three-stage competitive selection process consisting of a preliminary examination, the main examination, and an interview. It is administered by the [[Union Public Service Commission]] (UPSC).<ref name="Profile IRS">{{Cite web|url=http://persmin.gov.in/AIS1/Docs/ServiceProfile_IRS.pdf|title=Service Profile for the Indian Revenue Service|publisher=Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India|language=en|access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref> IRS officers recruited in this way are called direct recruits.

Some IRS officers are also recruited from [[Central Civil Services#Central Government Services (Group B)|Central Services (Group B)]]. These include [[Income Tax Service, Group 'B'|Income Tax Service (Group B)]], Customs Appraisers Service (Group B), Customs Preventive Service (Group B), and Central Excise Service (Group B). Group 'B' officers are gradually promoted over several years of service. The current ratio of two streams at the entry level is kept at 1:1.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.itgoawbunit.org/pdf/121835034IRS%20RR,%202015%20English.pdf|title=Rule7(2), Indian Revenue Service Recruitment Rules, 2015|publisher=Ministry of Finance, Government of India|access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref> All IRS officers, regardless of their mode of entry, are appointed by the [[President of India]].

==Training==
After selection, successful candidates undergo a 3-month [[Foundation Course]] at the [[Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration]] (LBSNAA) in [[Mussoorie]], [[Uttarakhand]],<ref name="LBSNAA Profile">{{cite web |title=Batch Profile, 92nd Foundation Course |url=http://lbsnaa.gov.in/admin/upload/doc/Batch-22.pdf |website=LBSNAA |publisher=Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration |access-date=28 August 2018 |archive-date=16 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516193122/http://www.lbsnaa.gov.in/admin/upload/doc/Batch-22.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Thereafter, IRS(IT) Officer Trainees (OTs) undergo a 16-month specialised training at the [[National Academy of Direct Taxes]] (NADT), in [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Overview of National Academy of Direct Taxes |url=http://nadt.gov.in/ViewContent.aspx?259 |website=NADT |publisher=National Academy of Direct Taxes |access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref> while IRS(C&IT) OTs undergo specialised training at the [[National Academy of Customs Indirect Taxes and Narcotics|National Academy of Customs, Indirect Taxes and Narcotics]] (NACIN), in Palasamudram, [[Gorantla, Anantapur district|Gorantla]] mandal, [[Hindupur]] taluk, [[Sri Sathya Sai district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About US |url=https://www.nacen.gov.in/page/about-us |website=NACIN |publisher=National Academy of Indirect Taxes, Customs, and Narcotics |access-date=28 August 2018 |archive-date=28 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828134400/https://www.nacen.gov.in/page/about-us |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== National Academy of Direct Taxes ===
[[File:NADT Campus.png|thumb|[[National Academy of Direct Taxes]] in [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]] is the staff training college of the IRS(IT).]]

Sixteen months of Induction Training is conducted for the directly recruited officers of IRS(IT) at NADT each year. The training is designed into two modules to enable the Officer Trainees to acquire the knowledge and skills they need to function effectively and efficiently as tax administrators. In particular, training prepares OTs to deliver quality taxpayer services, detect and penalize non-compliance, and understand the macroeconomic, taxation, and fiscal policy of the Government of India to maximize revenue.<ref>{{cite web |title=Induction Training, National Academy of Direct Taxes |url=http://nadt.gov.in/ViewContent.aspx?4 |website=National Academy of Direct Taxes |access-date=30 August 2018}}</ref>

==== First Module ====
The First Module emphasizes on giving intense theoretical inputs in the subjects such as Theoretical Concepts and Practical Application of Direct Tax Laws, Advanced Accounting and Finance, and Business Laws-I.<ref name="IT Syllabus">{{citation |url=http://www.nadt.gov.in/(S(2vwp2s45iq3g3mj4kz1q5d45))/writereaddata/MenuContentImages/Binder1634704295601659341.pdf |title=Annexure A, Course Material for the Induction Programme for IRS Probationers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830040302/http://www.nadt.gov.in/(S(2vwp2s45iq3g3mj4kz1q5d45))/writereaddata/MenuContentImages/Binder1634704295601659341.pdf |archive-date=30 August 2018 |date=17 April 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> It also includes a week-long Parliamentary Attachment, and a two-week Field Attachment.<ref name="IT Induction">{{citation |url=http://www.nadt.gov.in/writereaddata/MenuContentImages/Course%20Manual%20for%20Induction%20Training%20for%2069th%20Batch%20of%20IRS.compressed635869000854856461.pdf |title=Course Manual, 69th Batch of IRS, National Academy of Direct Taxes, Nagpur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830041340/http://www.nadt.gov.in/writereaddata/MenuContentImages/Course%20Manual%20for%20Induction%20Training%20for%2069th%20Batch%20of%20IRS.compressed635869000854856461.pdf |archive-date=30 August 2018 |date=10 December 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> OTs also undergo short-duration training at NACIN, Faridabad, LBSNAA, Mussoorie, and the [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]] (SVPNPA), Hyderabad.<ref name="IT Newsletter" /> The first Departmental Examinations are conducted at the end of the first module.<ref name="IT Induction" />

====Second Module====
The second module includes On-The-Job Training for around eight weeks, followed by Bharat Darshan, and a Financial Attachment for 2 weeks.<ref name="IT Newsletter">{{citation |url=http://www.nadt.gov.in/writereaddata/MenuContentImages/Newsletter_Sept_2010_rev634600074300338002.pdf" | title=Volume 2, Issue 9, ''NADTree,... reaching Out Newsletter'', September 2010 (pp 7) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171225205137/http://www.nadt.gov.in/writereaddata/MenuContentImages/Newsletter_Sept_2010_rev634600074300338002.pdf |archive-date=25 December 2017 |date=1 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Further, The OTs are also exposed to the international tax practices through a one or two weeks International Attachment in France, Netherlands, Australia, Malaysia, South Africa, the US, or Singapore.<ref name="IT Induction" /><ref name="IT Tie-Ups" /> OTs are also trained to apply theoretical concepts and acquire practical skills through the subjects of Procedure/Techniques of Investigation and Drafting of Orders and Reports, Information Technology and Operations, Management and Administration in the [[Income Tax Department]], International Taxation and Transfer Pricing, Law of Governance and Ethics, and Business Laws-II.<ref name="IT Syllabus" /> A number of guest lectures are organized to familiarize the trainees with the best practices in tax administration.<ref name="IT Induction" />

Officer Trainees are also expected to complete a project on Direct Tax Provisions for the award of a master's degree in Business Law and Taxation from [[Nalsar University of Law|NALSAR University of Law]], [[Hyderabad]] at the time of Valediction from NADT.<ref>{{citation |url=http://nadt.gov.in/(S(zazsfgrcm4adq13evhc1xi55))/writereaddata/MenuContentImages/64th_IRS_Batch_2010_Brochure_August_Update_Ann_IA634600779119934202.pdf" | title=Blueprint of Approach for the Research Project For completion of the Programme of Master's Degree in Taxation and Business Laws |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180830044048/http://nadt.gov.in/(S(zazsfgrcm4adq13evhc1xi55))/writereaddata/MenuContentImages/64th_IRS_Batch_2010_Brochure_August_Update_Ann_IA634600779119934202.pdf |archive-date=30 August 2018 |date=1 December 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name= "IT Newsletter" /><ref name="IT Tie-Ups">{{cite web |title=Organizational Tie-Up, National Academy of Direct Taxes |url=http://www.nadt.gov.in/ViewContent.aspx?54 |website=National Academy of Direct Taxes |access-date=30 August 2018}}</ref>

===National Academy of Customs, Indirect Taxes, and Narcotics===
This involves very dynamic training in specialised matters of conventional tax administration— be it direct or indirect–along with unarmed combat, weapons, and explosives. Additionally, IRS officers undergo extensive training with the Army and the National Police Academy, and many other prestigious institutes of the country so that they are better prepared to excel in their multifaceted role.{{Citation needed|date=August 2018}} NADT and NACIN both have signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] with the [[National Law School of India University]] in Bengaluru to award [[postgraduate diploma]]s in [[corporate law|business law]]s to the officer trainees. Recently, Finance Ministry has approved the exchange of officer trainees to various countries across the world such as the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, France, Australia, Malaysia, United States of America, Brazil, South Africa and OECD Nations, for increasing exposure to the future administrators.{{Citation needed|date=August 2018}}

There are various mid-career training programmes (MCTP) for IRS officers to keep them abreast of the latest developments in the areas of governance, particularly taxation, finance and management. These include advanced mid-career training (AMCTP), which is conducted in 3 phases. Phase I is for joint and additional commissioners, Phase II is for commissioners and principal commissioners, and Phase III is for chief commissioners and principal chief commissioners. The AMCTP generally consists of a 3-week domestic module held at premier management institutes in the country followed by a 2-week international component at internationally acclaimed universities, depending on their areas of expertise.{{Citation needed|date=August 2018}}

==Designations==
The designations and time-scales within the Indian Revenue Service are as follows after cadre restructure:<ref name="The Economic Times">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130622003534/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/news/39502017_1_lakh-crore-revamp-tax-evaders Cabinet approves revamp of the income-tax department – Economic Times]. Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com (24 May 2013). Retrieved on 2013-07-19.</ref>
===IRS (Central GST & Customs)===
[[File:Indian Customs Insignia.png|thumb|Epaulette of ranks used in CGST & Customs.]]
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
|
! scope="col" | Pay Grade in the Government of India
! scope="col" | Designations
! scope="col" | Position in the Government of India
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 1
|Junior Time Scale
|Assistant Commissioner of Central GST/Customs (Entry Level/Probationer)
|Assistant Secretary
|-

! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 2
|Senior Time Scale
|Deputy Commissioner of Central GST/Customs
|Under Secretary
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 3
|Junior Administrative Grade
|Joint Commissioner of Central GST/Customs
|Deputy Secretary
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 4
|Selection Grade
|Additional Commissioner of Central GST/Customs
|Director
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 5
|Senior Administrative Grade
|Commissioner of Central GST/Customs and Additional Director General of Central GST/Customs
|Joint Secretary
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 6
|Higher Administrative Grade
|Principal Commissioner of Central GST/Customs
|Additional Secretary
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 7
|Higher Administrative Grade +
|Chief Commissioner of Central GST/Customs and Director General of Central GST/Customs
|Special Secretary
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 8
|Apex Scale
|Principal Chief Commissioner of Central GST/Customs, [[Chairperson Central Board of Excise & Customs|CBIC Chairperson]], Member of CBIC and Director General of [[Central Economic Intelligence Bureau]]
|Secretary
|-
|}
===IRS (Income Tax)===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
|
! scope="col" | Pay Grade in the Government of India
! scope="col" | Designations
! scope="col" | Position in the Government of India<ref>{{cite web|url=http://persmin.gov.in/AIS1/Docs/ServiceProfile_IRS.pdf |title=Profile of the Indian Revenue Service |access-date=21 December 2016 |publisher=[[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 1
|Junior Time Scale
|Assistant Commissioner of Income tax / Entry-level (Probationer)
|Assistant Secretary
|-

! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 2
|Senior Time Scale
|Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax
|Under Secretary
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 3
|Junior Administrative Grade
|Joint Commissioner of income tax
|Deputy Secretary
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 4
|Selection Grade
|[[Additional Commissioner of Income Tax|Additional commissioner of income tax]]
|Director
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 5
|Senior Administrative Grade
|Commissioner of Income tax (CIT)/Additional Director General(ADG)/Director of Income Tax (DIT)
|Joint Secretary
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 6
|Higher Administrative Grade
|Principal Commissioner/Director of Income tax (PCIT/PDIT)
|Additional Secretary
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 7
|Higher Administrative Grade +
|[[Chief Commissioner of Income Tax|Chief Commissioner of Income tax (CCIT)/ Director General]] (DGIT)
|Special Secretary
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 8
|Apex Scale
|[[Chief Commissioner of Income Tax|Principal Chief Commissioner of Income tax]], [[Chairperson, Central Board of Direct Taxes|CBDT chairperson]], member of CBDT and director general of the [[Central Economic Intelligence Bureau]]
|Secretary
|-
|}
==Major concerns and reforms==
===Corruption===
In 2015, it was reported that as many as 108 IRS officers were under probe by the CBI for their alleged involvement in corruption.<ref name="108 IRS">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/108-irs-officers-under-cbi-probe-for-alleged-corruption-government/articleshow/48375107.cms|title=108 IRS officers under CBI probe for alleged corruption: Government|access-date=21 December 2016|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> From May 2009 to May 2010, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] had sought sanction for prosecution of 102 IRS officials posted in different parts of the country in connection with corruption cases.<ref name="IRS Corruption">{{cite news|url=http://archive.asianage.com/india/irs-officials-top-cbi-corrupt-list-283|title=IRS officials top CBI corrupt list|publisher=The Asian Age|date=4 July 2010|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref>

In 2016, the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], dismissed 72 and prematurely retired another 33 Indian Revenue Service officers for non-performance and on disciplinary grounds.<ref name="Finance Ministry 2016">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/for-good-governance-finance-ministry-fires-72-tax-officers-retires-33-more-116050600022_1.html|title=For good governance, Finance Ministry fires 72 tax officers, retires 33 more|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=6 May 2016|access-date=12 May 2016|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|last1=Seth|first1=Dilasha}}</ref><ref name="PIB">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=144910|title=Government takes strict action against defaulting/non performing tax officials/officers|access-date=12 May 2016|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> In 2019, Government of India dismissed 12 (IRS IT) and 15 (IRS Customs and Central Excise) officers for corruption and bribery charges.<ref name="IRS IT 2019">{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/govt-dismisses-12-senior-i-t-officers-for-corruption-misconduct-119061001099_1.html|title=Govt sacks 12 senior I-T officers including a senior officer for corruption|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="IRS CCE 2019">{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-15-senior-customs-central-excise-officers-sacked-on-corruption-bribery-charges/332478|title=Govt Sacks 15 Senior Customs, Central Excise Officers Over Corruption, Bribery Charges|publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref>

The IRS officials top the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]]'s list of most corrupt bureaucrats.<ref name="IRS CBI">{{cite news|title=IRS men top CBI list of most corrupt|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/IRS-men-top-CBI-list-of-most-corrupt/articleshow/945917.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=3 December 2004 |access-date=23 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="IRS CBI 400">{{cite web|title=Top IT officer in CBI net is worth Rs 400 crore|date=3 April 2015|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150403/nation-current-affairs/article/top-it-officer-cbi-net-worth-rs-400-crore|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=23 December 2016}}</ref> In one case, a 1992 batch IRS officer was arrested for accepting a bribe of {{INR}}2 [[crore]] in Mumbai.<ref name="IRS Bribe Corruption">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_income-tax-official-husband-arrested-for-accepting-rs1-70-crore-bribe-in-mumbai_1372623|title=Income tax official, husband arrested for accepting Rs70 crore bribe in Mumbai|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=17 April 2010|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref> Recently, in another case, some IRS officials were found to help certain companies evade payment of Service tax and related penalties of the order of {{INR}}1 crore.<ref name="CBI raid IRS and Excise">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/CBI-raids-excise-officials-and-steel-majors/articleshow/8032058.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103084140/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-20/nagpur/29450295_1_business-auxiliary-services-service-tax-excise-officials|url-status=live|archive-date=3 January 2013|title=CBI raids excise officials and steel majors|date=20 April 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref> Also CBI raided premises of an income tax officer for demanding Bribe to the tune of {{INR}}60 crore for covering up Stock Guru Scam.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/stock-guru-scam-it-officer-raided-for--rs-60cr-bribe-/1059472/ Stock Guru scam: IT officer raided for ‘Rs 60-cr bribe’]. Indian Express (15 January 2013). Retrieved on 2013-07-19.</ref>
===Murder of many officers===
Even though IRS officers have to deal with sensitive postings in their career they are not provided adequate security. Many IRS officers in the departments of customs and income tax have been assassinated in the course of their investigations.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/babloo-gets-life-term-for-customs-officer-s-death/367951/ Babloo gets life term for Customs officer's death]. Indian Express (1 October 2008). Retrieved on 2013-07-19.</ref>

Some notable IRS officers who were [[killed in action]] -

* Late [https://dri.nic.in/writereaddata/pawardupload/Late_Lakshman_Das_Arora.pdf Shri Lakshman Das Arora] (IRS Batch 1977, Customs & Central Excise)
* Late [https://dri.nic.in/writereaddata/pawardupload/Late_Sambhu_Nath_Dasgupta.pdf Shri Sambhu Nath Dasgupta] (IRS Batch 1962, Customs & Central Excise)

===Recent initiatives===
Many new initiatives were taken by the Indian Revenue Service members to curb corruption in their respective departments and make the system more efficient and responsive to the needs of the taxpayers. Use of Technology widely reduced the scope for the abuse of power. Refund Banker scheme introduced in 2007 eliminated the scope for corruption in the Refunds of Excessive Tax collected by the department.<ref>{{cite web|author=Business Standard |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/refund-banker-scheme-for-taxpayers-extended-to-9-more-cities/76245/on |title=Refund Banker Scheme for taxpayers extended to 9 more cities |publisher=Business-standard.com |date=19 October 2009 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> Introduction of E-filing of Taxes<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.taxfinanceinfo.com/2013/11/income-tax-efiling-return.html |title=Income Tax efiling Return {{!}} Tax Finance Info |website=www.taxfinanceinfo.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202171906/http://www.taxfinanceinfo.com/2013/11/income-tax-efiling-return.html |archive-date=2013-12-02}}</ref> and effective implementation of Permanent Account Number (PAN) are some revolutionary steps that reduced the scope for corruption at all levels while improving the efficiency of the whole system. Use of Centralised Processing Center setup in 2010 at Bangalore of the [[Income Tax Department]] reduced unnecessary delays in processing returns.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/06/20/stories/2011062057720700.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623034418/http://www.hindu.com/2011/06/20/stories/2011062057720700.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=23 June 2011 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Bangalore centre speeds up processing of I-T returns | date=20 June 2011}}</ref> These computerization initiatives have freed up the human resources in the department which are largely responsible for higher revenue collections.

Income Tax Ombudsmen was created in 2006 and is functional in 12 cities to look into tax-related grievances of the public.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.incometaxindiapr.gov.in/incometaxindiacr/listContent.jsp?p=OMBUDSMAN.html |title=Income Tax India PR website |publisher=Incometaxindiapr.gov.in |access-date=27 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531142825/http://www.incometaxindiapr.gov.in/incometaxindiacr/listContent.jsp?p=OMBUDSMAN.html |archive-date=31 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Department is also gearing to improve its tax payer's services with [[Sevottam]] Scheme. Under this scheme, various initiatives such as Citizen Charter, Ayakar Seva Kendra (ASK), which is a single Window mechanism for implementing Sevottam through the delivery of these services within the timelines promised in the Citizen's Charter, were launched.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_aayakar-seva-kendra-to-make-i-t-filing-easy_1642924 |title=Aayakar Seva Kendra to make I-T filing easy – Bangalore – DNA |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date=28 January 2012 |access-date=27 October 2012}}</ref> Aaykar Sampark Kendra consists of one National Call Centre and 4 regional Call Centres to aid the taxpayer were inaugurated by the Finance Minister.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.irsofficersonline.gov.in/Documents/OfficalCommunique/14162012111238.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 April 2012 |archive-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424233148/http://www.irsofficersonline.gov.in/Documents/OfficalCommunique/14162012111238.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

IRS officers handling sensitive postings are issued a [[Glock]] [[Glock#@ S&W|Model 22 pistol]] or a Glock 23 in [[.40 S&W]] caliber.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/customs-wants-to-sell-confiscated-weapons-to-its-own-officers/1000894/ Customs wants to sell confiscated weapons to its officers]. Indian Express (11 September 2012). Retrieved on 2013-07-19.</ref>

An IRS officer could rise up to the Apex Scale (₹2,50,000 fixed plus allowances) at the post of Pr.CCIT in the ITD. At the apex level, he can also get selected as a Member or Chairperson of the CBDT. The intermediate grades in this career progression are deputy commissioner, joint commissioner, additional commissioner, commissioner, principal commissioner and chief commissioner of income tax. An IRS officer is also eligible to be selected as a member of the [[Income Tax Appellate Tribunal]], Authority for Advance Ruling, Income Tax Settlement Commission and Income Tax Ombudsman as per the prescribed eligibility criteria. Cadre Review has been cleared in the Income Tax Department creating 20,751 additional posts to help generate additional revenue of {{INRConvert|250|b|lk=b|year=2013}} crore annually.<ref name="The Economic Times"/>

=== Career progression ===
The slow pace of promotion and recruitment rules creates stagnation and slow career progression in Indian Revenue Service compared to their peers in [[Indian Administrative Service]] and [[Indian Audit and Accounts Service]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dhingra |first=Sanya |date=2019-10-31 |title=Modi govt placates IRS officers unhappy with promotion delays, forced retirements |url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/modi-govt-placates-irs-officers-unhappy-with-promotion-delays-forced-retirements/313598/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> The global exposure that IRS officer gets through foreign trainings, postings and deputations are not in tandem with the cadre strength.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-03-04 |title=Blackmoney: India posts IRS officers in 7 nations except Cyprus |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/blackmoney-india-posts-irs-officers-in-7-nations-except-cyprus/articleshow/31404180.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-03 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> There is also an anomaly in the reporting structure by which Chairmen of both CBDT and CBIC, apex bodies of both streams of IRS reports to Revenue Secretary, who is generally an [[Indian Administrative Service]] officer who can be junior than them by seniority and batch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=Business |title=1992-batch IAS officer Arunish Chawla takes charge as revenue secretary |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/1992-batch-ias-officer-arunish-chawla-takes-charge-as-revenue-secretary-124122601089_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228030346/https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/1992-batch-ias-officer-arunish-chawla-takes-charge-as-revenue-secretary-124122601089_1.html |archive-date=28 December 2024 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=T. C. A. |date=2020-05-13 |title=It's time to give IRS officers their due |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/its-time-to-give-irs-officers-their-due/article31576668.ece |access-date=2025-02-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Civil Services of India]]
* [[All India Services]]
* [[Corruption in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.irsofficersonline.gov.in/ Official website of Indian Revenue Service]
* [http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/ Official website of Income Tax Department of India]
* [http://www.nadt.gov.in/ Training Academy for Members of Indian Revenue Service – Income Tax]
* [http://www.nacen.gov.in/index.asp Training Academy for Member of Indian Revenue Service – Customs and Central Excise]

{{Public Services of India}}
{{Civil service}}
{{Law enforcement in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Revenue Service}}
[[Category:Central Civil Services (India)]]
[[Category:Taxation in India]]
[[Category:Revenue services|India]]
[[Category:Ministry of Finance (India)]]
[[Category:Indian Revenue Service officers| ]]

Delhi Agreement of 1952

2026-01-19T21:15:26Z

Sahadathossain: creating the data from scratch.

{{Short description|India agreement on Jammu and Kashmir's autonomy}}
{{Infobox treaty
| name = Delhi Agreement
| long_name = Agreement between India and Constituent Assembly of Jammu Kashmir Kashmir
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Instrument of Accession|Accession]]
| location_signed = [[Delhi]], India
| date_signed = {{start date and age|1952|7|24|df=y}}
| date_effective = {{start date and age|1954|5|14|df=y}}
| condition =
| parties = * {{flagicon|India}} [[India]]
* {{flagicon|Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)}} [[Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| signatories = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] 
([[List of prime ministers of India|Prime minister of India]]) <hr />[[Sheikh Abdullah]] 
([[Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir|Prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir]] and the leader of [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]])
| ratifiers = {{hlist|[[Government of India]]|[[Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir]]}}
| languages =
| negotiators =
| depositary =
| date_expiration = Perpetual validity
| context = Establish Jammu and Kashmir's political autonomy within the [[Dominion of India|Indian union]] and incorporated into the Indian constitution under [[Article 370]]

| footnotes = Effected by the [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|revocation of Article 370]] in 2019
| previous_treaty =
| next_treaty =
}}
The '''Delhi Agreement''', sometimes referred to as the '''Nehru–Abdullah Agreement''',<ref name="l456">{{cite web | last=Noorani | first=A.G. | title=Article 370 and its provisions has at times worked against the interests of those at the Centre, with charges of constitutional abuse and political fraud being levied against the Central government. Is there a way out? | website=Frontline | date=15 Sep 2000 | url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article-370-law-and-politics/article64925699.ece | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref> was a political accord between the [[government of India]] and the [[Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly]] government led by [[Sheikh Abdullah]]. Signed between Sheikh Abdullah, the [[Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir|prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir]], and [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], the [[prime minister of India]] in 1952,<ref name="q176">{{cite web | last=Goyal | first=Shikha | title=What is Article 35A? | website=Jagranjosh.com | date=1 Aug 2019 | url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/what-is-article-35a-1564404363-1 | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref> it aimed to determine the constitutional relationship between the [[Dominion of India|Indian union]] and the Jammu and Kashmir, following the [[Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)|accession to India]] in 1947 under [[#Provisions|specific condition]]s.<ref name="q408">{{cite web | last=Life | first=Kashmir | title=#DelhiAgreement of 1952 Explained | website=Kashmir Life | date=22 Sep 2016 | url=https://kashmirlife.net/delhiagreement-of-1952-explained-118393/ | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref> The Agreement, which, according to some sources such as ''[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]'', was literally a political understanding that formed the foundation for [[Article 370]], creating a [[constitutionality|constitutional framework]] designed to balance Kashmir's autonomy with India's [[sovereignty]]<ref name="o670">{{cite web | title=Article 370 and the Nehru-Abdullah understanding | website=The Tribune | date=23 Dec 2023 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/article-370-and-the-nehru-abdullah-understanding-574505/ | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref> while addressing matters such as [[citizenship]], [[sovereignty]], and legal [[jurisdiction]].<ref name="l850">{{cite web | title=Chapter 4 Negotiating the Delhi Agreement: 1952 | website=Oxford Academic | url=https://academic.oup.com/book/26414/chapter-abstract/194791852 | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref>

This agreement was [[bilateralism|bilateral]] in nature, aiming to balance Kashmir's demand for [[autonomy]] with India's goal of national integration. It was not a legal [[treaty]] but rather a political understanding that required acceptance by both the [[Indian parliament]] and the [[Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly|Jammu and Kashmir constituent assembly]].<ref name="q408"/> Though political in nature, the agreement influenced constitutional, [[legal]], and administrative frameworks, thereby making it a [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India|constitutional-political agreement]]. However, its effectiveness was limited, as many provisions were later contested, altered, or eroded over time.<ref name="s562">{{cite web | last=Rajagopal | first=Krishnadas | title=An Article on J&K | website=The Hindu | date=8 Aug 2018 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/an-article-on-jk/article24636406.ece | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref><ref name="s645">{{cite web | last=Kumar | first=Ajay | title=Abolishing Article 35A will dilute autonomy granted under Article 370 for Jammu and Kashmir, breach UN resolution | website=Firstpost | date=28 Aug 2018 | url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/abolishing-article-35a-will-violate-spirit-of-autonomy-granted-under-article-370-for-jammu-and-kashmir-breach-un-resolution-5060131.html | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref>

== Background ==
After [[Maharaja Hari Singh]], the ruler of Jammu and Kashmir, signed a [[Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)|legal document]] in 1947, the state joined India in matters of [[defense (military)|defense]], [[communication]], and [[foreign affairs]]. However, Jammu and Kashmir retained significant internal autonomy, protected under [[Article 370 of the Indian constitution]]. Over time, differences arose between India's attempts to integrate the state and the desire of Kashmiri leaders, particularly Sheikh Abdullah, to maintain autonomy.<ref name="m569">{{cite web | title=Article 35A of the Constitution- An overview | website=Lok Sabha Secretariat Intranet | url=https://loksabhadocs.nic.in/Refinput/New_Reference_Notes/English/Article%252035A%2520of%2520the%2520Constitution-%2520An%2520overview.pdf | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref>

Around the same time in 1952, the [[Jammu Praja Parishad]], a [[Hindu]]-majority political group from Jammu led by [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) submitted a [[memorandum]] to the president of India. The memorandum demanded the complete application of the Indian constitution to Jammu and Kashmir, rejecting the state's [[special autonomy]].<ref name="h018">{{cite web | last=Dulat | first=AS | title=Centre should now be ready to face consequences, says, Vajpayee's adviser on Kashmir | website=The New Indian Express | date=5 Aug 2019 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2019/Aug/05/centre-should-now-be-ready-to-face-consequences-says-vajpayees-adviser-on-kashmir-2014780.html | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref> In response to the [[political violence]], the Indian government summoned a delegation from the state to [[Delhi]], leading to the formulation of the Delhi Agreement of 1952.

The Delhi Agreement reaffirmed Jammu and Kashmir's special status under [[Article 370]] and outlined the state's autonomy while integrating it into the Indian union. However, the Jammu Praja Parishad was [[dissatisfaction|dissatisfied]] with the agreement and subsequently launched an [[Political demonstration|agitation]] in [[Jammu division]], demanding full integration with India.<ref name="a385">{{cite web | title=1952. The Delhi Agreement and Praja Parishad agitation of Jammu | website=The Dispatch | date=29 Jul 2023 | url=https://www.thedispatch.in/1952-the-delhi-agreement-and-praja-parishad-agitation-of-jammu/ | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref>

Two years after its formalization on 24 July 1952, the Delhi Agreement came into force through a [[Executive (government)|presidential order]] issued by the [[government of India]] on 14 May 1954,<ref name="w464">{{cite web | last=Masoodi | first=Faiqa | title=(Un)Making Art 370 | website=Kashmir Life | date=4 Sep 2023 | url=https://kashmirlife.net/unmaking-art-370-vol-15-issue-22-326256/ | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref> intended to determine the [[Instrument of Accession|political relationship]] between Jammu and Kashmir and India [[power (social and political)|more clearly]].<ref name="q408"/>

== Constitutional status ==
While the Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir was still working on drafting a final [[constitutional document]], prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru sought an interim understanding with Sheikh Abdullah regarding the future relationship between the Indian union and the state of Jammu and Kashmir. To this end, a series of [[negotiation]]s took place in [[Delhi]] between representatives of the Jammu and Kashmir government, led by the [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]], and the [[government of India]]. The outcome of these discussions was formalized on 24 July 1952 in what became known as the Delhi Agreement. However, some sources, including the ''[[Daily Excelsior]]'', argued that the agreement did not hold any [[constitutionality|constitutional validity]].<ref name="z059">{{cite news | last=Excelsior | first=Daily | title=Genesis of Articles 370, 35A & Delhi Agreement | website=Daily Excelsior | date=1 Aug 2017 | url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/genesis-articles-370-35a-delhi-agreement/ | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref>

== Provisions ==
#Head of State: The [[maharaja]] of Jammu and Kashmir was formally replaced by a [[Sadr-i-Riyasat|sadr-e-Riyasat]] (head of state), elected by the state legislature.<ref name="g143">{{cite web | title=The Delhi Agreement, 1952 | website=South Asian Terrorism Portal | date=1 Jun 2001 | url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/documents/papers/delhi_agreement_1952.htm | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref> However, the appointment required recognition by the [[president of India]].
#Prime minister title: The elected head of the government in Jammu and Kashmir retained the title of prime minister ([[Wazir-e-Azam|wazir-e-azam]]) rather than [[chief minister]].
#Flags: Both the [[Indian national flag]] and the [[Flag of Jammu and Kashmir|state flag of Jammu and Kashmir]] were to be used in the state. The Indian flag was accorded the same status as in other parts of India.<ref name="v391">{{cite web | title=From the 1953 Agreement | website=Frontline | date=7 Jul 2000 | url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30254331.ece | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref>
#Citizenship: [[Kashmiris|Citizens of Jammu and Kashmir]] were also recognized as [[Indian citizen]]s. However, the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislature|Jammu and Kashmir legislature]] retained the power to define "permanent residents" and their privileges, including rights to property and employment within the state.
#Supreme Court Jurisdiction: The [[Supreme Court of India]] was granted limited jurisdiction in state, focusing on disputes between the [[government of India|union]] and the state, as well as cases involving [[fundamental right]]s that the [[government of Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir government]] agreed to recognize.<ref name="v391"/>
#Emergency Provisions: [[Emergency power]]s under Article 352 of the [[Indian constitution]] could be extended to Jammu and Kashmir only in the case of [[Foreign affairs of India|external aggression]]. For [[Internal affairs (law enforcement)|internal disturbances]], the state's request or concurrence was required.<ref name="v391"/>
#Financial Relations: [[Financial transaction|Financial arrangement]]s between India and the Jammu and Kashmir were to be finalized in further [[negotiation]]s.<ref name="g143"/>
#State subject: The Agreement included a provision regarding the state subject notifications of 1927 and 1932. It granted the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|state legislature]] the authority to enact laws for individuals originally classified as '[[Article 35A of the Constitution of India|state subject]]s' who had migrated to Pakistan due to [[partition of India|partition]] of 1947, ensuring their [[legal status]] and [[legal right|right]]s would be restored if they decided to return to the state.<ref name="d720">{{cite web | last=Life | first=Kashmir | title=The Delhi Agreement 1952 | website=Kashmir Life | date=24 Jul 2010 | url=https://kashmirlife.net/the-delhi-agreement-1952-365165/ | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref>

== Implementation and fallout ==
The Delhi Agreement was seen as an attempt to strike a balance between autonomy and integration. While it was accepted by the [[parliament of India]], opposition arose from political groups like the [[Jana Sangh]], which advocated for [[Supranational union|full integration]] of the Jammu and Kashmir into India. Some Kashmiri leaders also expressed [[dissatisfaction]], feeling the agreement did not [[decision-making|fully guarantee]] the autonomy of the state.<ref name="q408"/>

In 1953, Sheikh Abdullah began expressing doubts about the agreement, citing [[Religious violence in India|communal violence in India]] and concerns about India's [[Instrument of Accession|centralizing policies]]. This led to his [[Kashmir Conspiracy Case|dismissal and arrest]] in August 1953, marking a political shift in the [[politics of Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name="y881">{{cite journal | last1=Kumar | first1=Ravinder | last2=Nehru | first2=Jawaharlal | last3=Prasad | first3=H. Y. Sharada | last4=Wagner | first4=Christian | last5=Richter | first5=Justus | title=How and Why Nehru and Abdullah Fell Out | journal=Economic and Political Weekly | volume=34 | issue=5 | year=1999 | issn=0012-9976 | jstor=4407602 | pages=268–272 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4407602 | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}</ref> [[Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad]] replaced Abdullah as prime minister, and the state's gradual integration into India continued. Many of the provisions of the Delhi Agreement were undermined over time, particularly after the extension of more [[Indian law]]s to Jammu and Kashmir such as the [[Jammu and Kashmir (Extension of Laws) Act, 1956]].<ref name="q408"/>

== Legal implications ==
The agreement did not fully resolve the [[Kashmir dispute]]. The [[United Nations Security Council]] (UNSC) continued to monitor the situation and passed [[List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1 to 100|several resolution]]s calling for [[demilitarization]] and a [[plebiscite in Kashmir]]. The convening of the Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly in 1951, which adopted the state's constitution in 1956, was criticized by the UNSC. The Council declared that these actions did not constitute a [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 47|legitimate resolution]] of the Kashmir issue. However, by 1951, both countries had failed to implement full demilitarization.<ref name="q408"/><ref name="z059"/>

The Agreement, with its provisions for [[dual citizenship]], a special flag, and limited Supreme Court jurisdiction, was viewed by some [[International human rights instruments|international observer]]s as India's attempt to reinforce accession of the state without addressing the UN's call for a [[plebiscite]]. This created further [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|conflicts with Pakistan]], which insisted that only a plebiscite under UN supervision could resolve the dispute.<ref name="q408"/><ref name="z059"/>

The Agreement sought to formalize the [[Power (social and political)|special status]] of the Jammu and Kashmir within the Indian Union through Article 370. However, the [[treaty|legal framework]] it created was inherently complex and left room for conflicting interpretations. While India treated the Jammu and Kashmir as an integral part of the Union, the agreement confirmed the state's right to retain internal autonomy. This delicate arrangement meant that the [[Deposition (law)|legal disposition]] of Kashmir remained ambiguous, leading to [[Timeline of Kashmir conflict|continuing dispute]]s between India, Pakistan, and Kashmiri political actors.<ref name="q408"/><ref name="z059"/>

The Delhi Agreement complicated the [[UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute|UN's mediation process]]. Pakistan argued that by solidifying the relationship between India and the Jammu and Kashmir, India was undermining the UN's call for a plebiscite. The UN Security Council's resolution of 23 December 1952 reaffirmed that the convening of the Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly—and any decision it made—would not constitute a legitimate resolution of the Kashmir dispute.<ref name="q408"/><ref name="z059"/>

== See also ==
*[[Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)|Instrument of Accession]]
*[[Article 370 of the Indian Constitution]]
*[[Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly]]
*[[Abrogation of Article 370]]

== Further reading ==
* {{cite web | title=In Supreme Court of India Original Writ / Appellate Jurisdiction | url=https://webapi.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2019/29796/29796_2019_1_1501_49019_Judgement_11-Dec-2023.pdf | website=Supreme Court of India| ref={{sfnref|Anon.}} | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}
* {{cite journal | last=Kumar | first=Radha | title=Is Kashmir's Autonomy History? | journal=Social Scientist | volume=48 | issue=7/8 (566-567) | year=2020 | issn=0970-0293 | jstor=26978884 | pages=29–40 | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26978884 | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}
* {{cite journal | last=O. | first=S. | title=The Kashmir Problem: End of a Stalemate? | journal=The World Today | publisher=Royal Institute of International Affairs | volume=9 | issue=9 | year=1953 | issn=0043-9134 | jstor=40392670 | pages=393–399 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40392670 | access-date=21 Oct 2024}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{notelist}}

[[Category:Internal treaties of India]]
[[Category:1952 in Indian law]]
[[Category:1952 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:Diplomacy regarding the Kashmir conflict]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir (state)]]
[[Category:1950s in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 1952]]

Atiqa Mir

2026-01-05T22:12:15Z

Sahadathossain: created new stub!

{{Short description|Indian kart racing driver (born 2014)}}
{{Orphan|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox racing driver
| name = Atiqa Mir
| image = File:Atiqamir.jpg
| caption =
| nationality = Indian
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| championships = Vice-Champion, UAE IAME National Championship (2023, Mini R)
| wins = 1 (RMCIT Le Mans 2024)
}}

'''Atiqa Mir''' (born 2014) is an Indian kart racing driver from [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. She is known for being the first Indian and Asian female racer selected for the [[Formula One|Formula 1]] Academy’s "Discover Your Drive" development programme.<ref name="NDTVF1">{{cite news |title=In A First For India, F1 Academy Picks 10-Year-Old Racer Atiqa Mir For Its Driver Program |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/formula-1/in-a-first-for-india-f1-academy-picks-10-year-old-racer-atiqa-mir-for-its-driver-program-7817724 |publisher=NDTV |date=4 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dinakaran |first1=Vaishali |title=A 10-year-old Indian girl aims to become a top race driver |url=https://www.dw.com/en/a-10-year-old-indian-girl-aims-to-become-a-top-race-driver/video-72647947 |website=DW |access-date=30 June 2025 |date=23 May 2025}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Mir was born in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, and moved to Dubai at an early age. She began racing electric karts recreationally before transitioning to professional [[Kart racing|karting]].<ref name="KhaleejTimes1">{{cite news |title=UAE: How this 9-year-old girl from Kashmir became a karting prodigy |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/uae-how-this-9-year-old-girl-from-kashmir-became-a-karting-prodigy |publisher=Khaleej Times |date=4 July 2024}}</ref> Her father, Asif Nazir Mir, is a former national karting champion in India and has supported her racing career.<ref name="ABC">{{cite news |title=Meet Atiqa Mir, India's female racing prodigy living life in the fast lane at 10 years old |url=https://www.abc.net.au/asia/ten-year-old-atiqa-mir-signed-by-f1-academy/105092814 |publisher=ABC News |date=4 June 2025}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Karting in the UAE ===
Mir began competitive karting in the UAE at age six. In the 2022–23 season, she was vice-champion in the UAE IAME National Karting Championship in the Mini R category.<ref name="KhaleejTimes1" />

In February 2025, she secured a podium finish at the IAME Summer Cup held at [[Yas Marina Circuit]] in Abu Dhabi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kashmir's Atiqa Mir Shines At Yas Marina F1 Circuit |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/kashmirs-atiqa-mir-shines-at-yas-marina-f-1-circuit |publisher=Greater Kashmir |date=3 February 2025}}</ref>

=== International races ===
Mir became the first Indian female driver to qualify for the finals of the Rotax Euro Trophy in South Garda, Italy in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atiqa Mir – The First Indian Female Racer to Qualify for Rotax Euro Trophy Final |url=https://gomotoring.in/news/atiqa-mir-the-first-indian-female-racer-to-qualify-for-rotax-euro-trophy-final |website=GoMotoring |access-date=29 June 2025}}</ref>

Later that year, she won a race in the Micro Max category at the [[Rotax Max Challenge]] International Trophy (RMCIT) held in Le Mans, France, becoming the first female racer to win a race in the series.<ref>{{cite news |title=Atiqa Mir Becomes First Female Racer To Win Race At Max Challenge International Trophy |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2024/07/27/atiqa-mir-becomes-first-female-racer-to-win-race-at-max-challenge-international-trophy |publisher=Kashmir Observer |date=27 July 2024}}</ref>

In January 2025, she joined the Babyrace Driver Academy in Italy to compete in the WSK Karting Series.<ref>{{cite news |title=India's Atiqa Mir Signs With Babyrace For WSK 2025 Season |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/sport/story/indias-atiqa-mir-signs-with-babyrace-for-wsk-2025-season-1158009-2025-01-21 |publisher=India Today NE |date=21 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=10-year-old Atiqa Mir set to become first Indian female to race in World Series Karting |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/10-year-old-atiqa-mir-set-to-become-first-indian-female-to-race-in-world-series-karting/article69131257.ece |access-date=30 June 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=23 January 2025}}</ref>

She also became the only Asian driver selected for the Iron Dames Young Talent programme in 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Atiqa Mir, 9, Kashmir-Born, Becomes Only Asian Karter Shortlisted For Iron Dames Young Talents Initiative |url=https://www.thekashmirmonitor.net/atiqa-mir-9-kashmir-born-becomes-only-asian-karter-shortlisted-for-iron-dames-new-young-talents-initiative |publisher=Kashmir Monitor |date=25 September 2024}}</ref>

=== F1 Academy development programme ===
In 2025, Mir was selected for the Formula 1 Academy's "Discover Your Drive" programme, which aims to develop young female talent in motorsport. She was the only Asian and one of the youngest selected.<ref name="NDTVF1" />

Shortly after, she was signed by AKCEL GP, a UAE-based karting team affiliated with the F1 Academy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Atiqa Mir joins AKCEL GP as youngest racer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/atiqa-mir-akcel-gp-10-year-old-indian-racing-prodigy-2736388-2025-06-05 |publisher=India Today |date=5 June 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KiFG9_A7fDg |title=10-Year-Old F1 Racing Star I Max Verstappen, McLaren, Lando Norris & More I TRS Kids |date=2025-11-23 |last=Ranveer Allahbadia |access-date=2025-11-24 |via=YouTube}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mir, Atiqa}}
[[Category:2014 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Srinagar]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Dubai]]
[[Category:Indian female racing drivers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Mary John Thottam

2026-01-02T20:20:04Z

Sahadathossain: expanded section additionally and improved wording per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{short description|Indian Catholic nun}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mary John Thottam
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1901|6|24}}
| birth_place = [[Elanji]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1985|5|20|1901|6|24}}
| death_place = Kerala
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername = Mary Benigna
| occupation = Poet, Catholic nun
| alma mater =
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| parents = {{ublist|John Thottam|Mariam}}
| notable_works = {{ubl|''Lokame Yathra''|''Marthoma Vijayam''|''Kavanamela''|''Gandhi Jayanthi''}}
| website =
| awards = [[Benemerenti medal]]
}}
'''Mary John Thottam''' (24 June 1901 – 20 May 1985), also identified as '''Sister Mary Benigna''', was an Indian [[Catholic nun]] and a poet who wrote in [[Malayalam]]. She authored two [[mahakavyas]], ''Marthoma Vijayam'' and ''Gandhi Jayanthi'', a poetry anthology, ''Lokame Yathra'', and other works. [[Pope Paul VI]] honoured her with the [[Benemerenti medal]] in 1971.

== Biography ==
[[File:Sister mary benigna poems.jpg|thumb|235px|A poem of Sister Mary Benigna]]
Sister Mary Benigna, née Mary John Thottam, was born on 24 June 1901 at [[Elanji]], a small village near [[Koothattukulam]], in [[Ernakulam district]] in the south Indian state of [[Kerala]] to John Thottam and Pattasseril Mariam.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/SisterMaryBeninja/Html/Beneenjagraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-04-23 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref> Her early education was in the traditional way with a local teacher and later she did her formal education at Mutholi Convent School from where she passed the vernacular school leaving certificate (7th standard) to start her career as a teacher at St. Thomas Primary School, [[North Paravur]].<ref name="Women Writers of Kerala">{{Cite web |url=http://womenwritersofkerala.com/author.php?author_id=340 |title=Women Writers of Kerala |date=2019-04-24 |website=womenwritersofkerala.com |access-date=2019-04-24}}</ref> She took a break from service after 2 years pursue higher studies in Malayalam and after passing Malayalam higher examination, she returned to Paravur to teach at the English Middle School there. She moved to the Convent Middle School in [[Kuravilangad]] in 1922 as a teacher where she became the headmistress the next year.<ref name="Author Details">{{Cite web |url=http://www.puzha.com/malayalam/bookstore/cgi-bin/author-detail.cgi?code=1841 |title=Author Details |date=2019-04-24 |website=www.puzha.com |access-date=2019-04-24 |archive-date=9 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309113320/http://www.puzha.com/malayalam/bookstore/cgi-bin/author-detail.cgi?code=1841 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Thottam's first work, a poetry anthology titled ''Geethavali'', was released in 1927 which had the foreword written by [[Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer]], the noted poet.<ref name="Women Writers of Kerala" /> This was followed by several works which include two epics viz. ''Marthoma Vijayam'' and ''Gandhi Jayanthi'', 10 ''Khantakavyams'' and over 350 poems compiled in several anthologies.<ref name="Mystic Poet Sister Benigna">{{Cite web |url=http://varghesepaul.org/mystic-poet-sister-benigna/ |title=Mystic Poet Sister Benigna |last=Paul |first=Fr Varghese |last2=S.J |date=2019-04-25 |language=en-US |access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref> Besides, she also published four books of prose and a translation.<ref name="List of works">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Sahityapanchananan/Html/SahityapanchanananBooks.htm |title=List of works |date=2019-04-23 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref> She was one of the pioneers of women writers in Malayalam language<ref name="NatarajanNelson1996-1">{{cite book|author1=Nalini Natarajan|author2=Emmanuel Sampath Nelson|title=Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&pg=PA196|year=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28778-7|page=196}}</ref> and her book, ''Kavitharamam'' (A Garden of Poems), published in 1929 sold over 100,000 copies, making it a best seller of the times.<ref name="NatarajanNelson1996-2">{{cite book|author1=Nalini Natarajan|author2=Emmanuel Sampath Nelson|title=Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&pg=PA197|year=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28778-7|pages=197–}}</ref> ''Lokame Yatra'' (Farewell to the World), one of the poems in the anthology, was an autobiographical poem related to her becoming a nun.<ref name="TharuLalita1991">{{cite book|author1=Susie J. Tharu|author2=Ke Lalita|title=Women Writing in India: The twentieth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OjZYf9Xf9bcC&pg=PA635|year=1991|publisher=Feminist Press at CUNY|isbn=978-1-55861-029-3|pages=635–}}</ref> [[Pope Paul VI]] honoured her with the [[Benemerenti medal]] in 1971 and she was also honoured by the Catholic Laity Association in 1981.<ref name="Author Details" />

Thottam entered the [[Catholic religious order]] of the [[Carmelites]] under the name of Mary Benigna on 16 July 1928<ref name="Author Details" /> and superannuated from official service in 1961.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /> She died on 20 May 1985, at the age of 83.<ref name="Mary John Thottam - Kerala Literature">{{Cite web |url=http://keralaliterature.com/old/author.php?authid=805 |title=Mary John Thottam - Kerala Literature |date=2019-04-25 |website=keralaliterature.com |access-date=2019-04-25 |archive-date=25 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425075755/http://keralaliterature.com/old/author.php?authid=805 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dravidian University]] has established a study centre in honour of Mary John Thottam.<ref name="Mystic Poet Sister Benigna" /><ref name="Appalling silence by parties as Church moves to expel nun who joined protest for bishop’s arrest">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pennews.net/kerala/2019/01/09/appalling-silence-by-parties-as-church-moves-to-expel-nun-who-joined-protest-for-bishops-arrest |title=Appalling silence by parties as Church moves to expel nun who joined protest for bishop's arrest |date=2019-04-24 |website=pennews |access-date=2019-04-24 |archive-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424175402/https://www.pennews.net/kerala/2019/01/09/appalling-silence-by-parties-as-church-moves-to-expel-nun-who-joined-protest-for-bishops-arrest |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her autobiography, ''Vanambadi'' (Nightingale) was published in 1986, a year after her death, along with an anthology of selected poems, under the title, ''Lokame Yatra''.<ref name="Women Writers of Kerala" />

== Selected bibliography ==
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://find.uoc.ac.in/Record/70645 |title=Geethavali |last=Thottam |first=Mary John |date=1927 |publisher=National Book Stall, Kottayam |language=ml}}
* {{Cite book |title=Lokame Yatra |last=Thottam |first=Mary John |date=1928 |publisher=Jīvan Buks |location=Bharananganam, Kōṭṭayaṃ |language=ml |oclc=19624885}}
* {{Cite book |title=Kavitharamam |last=Thottam |first=Mary John |date=1929 |publisher=Sāhityapr̲avarttaka Sahakaraṇasaṅghaṃ |location=Kōṭṭayaṃ |language=ml |oclc=20953037}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://find.uoc.ac.in/Record/210126 |title=Easa prasadam |last=Thottam |first=Mary John |language=ml|date=1934}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://103.251.43.202:8080/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=64092 |title=Cherupushpathinte Balyakala Smaranakal |last=Thottam |first=Mary John |publisher=John Peter Thottam |year=1936 |location=Thiruvananthapuram |language=ml}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://103.251.43.202:8080/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=64185 |title=Vidivaibhavam |last=Thottam |first=Mary John |year=1936 |language=ml}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL320227W/Bha%CC%84rata_mal_a%CC%81laksmi |title=Bharatha Mahalakshmi |last=Thottam |first=Mary John |publisher=St. Thomas Press |year=1962 |location=Pala}}
* {{cite book|last=Thottam |first=Mary John |title=Kavanamēḷa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZgRAQAAIAAJ|year=1965|publisher=National Book Stall, Kōṭṭayaṃ}}
* {{Cite book |title=Marthomavijayam |last=Thottam |first=Mary John |date=1970 |oclc=39769279}}
* {{Cite book |title=Elanjippoo |last=Thottam |first=Mary John |date=1971 |language=ml |oclc=978057087}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://103.251.43.202:8080/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=41130 |title=Karayunna Kavithakal |last=Thottam |first=Mary John |publisher=National Book Stall |year=1971 |language=ml}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://111.93.136.232:8084/vufind/Record/16304 |title=Karunya Kavithakal |last=Thottam |first=Mary John |publisher=Kerala Penguin Books |year=1971 |archive-date=24 April 2019 |access-date=25 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424184656/http://111.93.136.232:8084/vufind/Record/16304 |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite book |url=https://find.uoc.ac.in/Record/221493 |title=Thottam Kavithakal |last=Thottam |first=Mary John |date=1973 |publisher=National Book Stall, Kottayam |language=ml}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://keralaliterature.com/old/book.php?bukid=541 |title=Kattuparanjakadha |last=Thottam |first=Mary John |archive-date=25 April 2019 |access-date=25 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425075753/http://keralaliterature.com/old/book.php%3Fbukid%3D541 |url-status=dead }}
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
* [[List of Malayalam-language authors by category]]
* [[List of Malayalam-language authors]]
* [[List of Benemerenti medal recipients]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/10603/138506 |title=A study on the poetic works of Mary John Thottam |last=Panengadan |first=Antony |date=2000 |website=University |access-date=2019-04-24}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.indulekha.com/mahilakal-malayala-sathithyathil-malayalam-lifesketches-ramankari-radhakrishnan |title=Mahilakal Malayala Sathithyathil |last=Ramankari Radhakrishnan |website=www.indulekha.com |publisher=National Book Stall |access-date=2019-04-24 |archive-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424181940/http://www.indulekha.com/mahilakal-malayala-sathithyathil-malayalam-lifesketches-ramankari-radhakrishnan |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=73683 |title=Women and spirituality in Benignan poetic skills |last=Biji MP |date=2011 |publisher=Mahatma Gandhi University Library}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/SisterMaryBeninja/Html/SisterMaryBeninja.htm |title=Portrait commissioned by Kerala Sahitya Akademi |date=2019-04-23 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-04-23}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/SisterMaryBeninja/Html/Beneenjascript.htm |title=Handwriting |date=2019-04-23 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-04-23}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL3067A/Mary_John_Thottam |title=Mary John Thottam |last=OpenLibrary.org |website=Open Library |language=en |access-date=2019-04-24}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZnMRcHXQ20 |title=Lokame yathra(edited)- Sister Mary Banenja |last=Jyothibai Pariyadath |date=2013-11-06 |website=YouTube |access-date=2019-04-24}}
* {{cite book|author1=Susie J. Tharu|author2=Ke Lalita|title=Women Writing in India: 600 B.C. to the early twentieth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u297RJP9gvwC&pg=PA532|year=1991|publisher=Feminist Press at CUNY|isbn=978-1-55861-027-9|pages=532–}}

{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}
{{Portalbar|India|Literature}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thottam, Mary John}}
[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1985 deaths]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Benemerenti medal]]
[[Category:People from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Roman Catholic nuns]]

Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi season 1)

2025-12-25T22:52:51Z

Sahadathossain: created article!

{{short description|Indian reality show (2021)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 1
| image = Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi season 1).jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| bgcolour = #00A6A6
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Karan Johar]]
| num_days = 42
| num_housemates = 13
| winner = [[Divya Agarwal]]
| runner_up = Nishant Bhat
}}
| num_episodes = 43
| network = [[Voot]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|8|8}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2021|9|18}}
| next_season = [[Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi TV series) season 2|Season 2]]
| episode_list = See on JioCinema App for detailed list
}}

'''''Bigg Boss OTT 1''''', also known as '''''Bigg Boss: Over-the-Top Season 1''''', was the first season of the Indian reality digital series'' [[Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss OTT]]'' which itself is the spin-off version of ''[[Bigg Boss]]''. It premiered on 8 August 2021 on [[Voot]] with [[Karan Johar]] as the host for the OTT version.<ref>{{Cite web|title="Bigg Boss OTT Release Date Out Karan Johar Hosted Show To Premiere On THIS Date"|url= https://www.india.com/entertainment/tv-news-bigg-boss-ott-release-date-out-karan-johar-hosted-show-to-premiere-on-this-date-4839580/}}</ref> The Grand Finale of the show took place on 18 September 2021 where [[Divya Agarwal]] emerged as the winner and Nishant Bhat emerged as the runner-up.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bigg Boss OTT winner: Divya Agarwal lifts the trophy and takes home prize money of Rs 10 Crore|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-ott-winner-divya-agarwal-lifts-the-trophy-and-takes-home-prize-money-of-rs-25-lakhs/articleshow/86326680.cms/|access-date=2021-09-18|website=Times Of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Before Bigg Boss 15, Bigg Boss OTT to premiere in August|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/before-bigg-boss-15-voot-confirms-launch-of-bigg-boss-ott-in-august-7396239/|access-date=2021-07-18|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== Production ==
===Teaser===
On 24 July 2021, Voot unveiled a poster with [[Karan Johar]] as the host of this digital exclusive season.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 July 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT Release Date Out: Karan Johar Hosted Show To Premiere On THIS Date|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/tv-news-bigg-boss-ott-release-date-out-karan-johar-hosted-show-to-premiere-on-this-date-4839580/|website=India.com|language=en}}</ref> On 3 August, Voot unveiled a third promo with Karan Johar revealing the format of the season being much more bolder and crazier ever in the history.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 August 2021|title=Karan Johar all set to host Bigg Boss OTT. Discloses the format in new promo. See Here!|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CSHV8OromZk/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/CSHV8OromZk |archive-date=26 December 2021 |url-access=registration|url-status=live|website=Instagram|language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

===Broadcast===
Apart from the usual hour-long episode, viewers will also have access to the direct 24x7 camera footage. The show will be streamed every day. The episodes will be first telecasted through 24 hour live channel on paid subscription of ''Voot Select'', then it will be shown for free next morning on ''Voot''. The episodes also started to telecast on [[Colors TV]] late night but it later stopped telecasting on television.

===House===
The house this year is made with the theme "Stay Connected". The house consists of a Patio, Living Room, Kitchen, Bathroom, Bedroom, Garden Area, Confession Room, Dining Table, Swimming Pool and specially for the theme, they added a special room called "Stay Connected Room". The bedroom contains bunk beds this year and the house seems to be carnival-type designed one.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT: From a colourful living area and kitchen to majestically decorated garden; sneak peek into the resplendent looking house|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-ott-from-colourful-living-area-and-kitchen-to-majestically-decorated-garden-a-sneak-peek-into-the-resplendent-looking-house/articleshow/85124953.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref>

== Concept ==
'''Theme''' This season was a first-time ever in the history of [[Bigg Boss]], that launched 6 weeks before the television version on an OTT platform Voot. The season's theme was "Stay Connected" and 6 boys and 6 girls entered as pairs while 1 girl entered alone. The contestants had to work on making the bond with their connection stronger and survive in the game. On Day 29, Bigg Boss announced that all connections are now broken and all the housemates will play as individuals.

'''Features''' The makers have also launched many new features that will give powers to the audience such as Live Nominations, Punishments and Daily Report Card.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT all you need to know: Karan Johar as host, show's new format, contestants|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-ott-all-you-need-to-know-karan-johar-as-host-shows-new-format-contestants-9872261.html|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

'''Ticket to Bigg Boss 15''' All five finalists were offered Ticket to [[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 15|Bigg Boss 15]] but the condition was that they would be out from finale race. Pratik Sehajpal chose the offer and he officially became the first contestant of Bigg Boss 15. As per the show's concept, finalists [[Shamita Shetty]], Nishant Bhat and Pratik Sehajpal were qualified to participate in Bigg Boss 15. Later [[Raqesh Bapat]] and [[Neha Bhasin]] entered the Bigg Boss 15 as wildcard contestants but they couldn't survive for very long. Later, Shetty, Bhat and Sehajpal made it into finale week of Bigg Boss 15 by living in for 17 weeks and ended up becoming as 3rd, 4th, 1st Runner-ups respectively.

==Housemate status==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
|-
! scope="col" style="background:#00A6A6; color:#fff;" | Sr
! scope="col" style="background:#00A6A6; color:#fff;" | Housemate
! scope="col" style="background:#00A6A6; color:#fff;" | {{nowrap|Day entered}}
! scope="col" style="background:#00A6A6; color:#fff;" | {{nowrap|Day exited}}
! scope="col" style="background:#00A6A6; color:#fff;" | Result
|-
| 1
| Divya
| Day 1
| Day 42
| {{Won|Winner}}
|-
| 2
| Nishant
| Day 1
| Day 42
| {{Runner-up|1st runner-up }}
|-
| 3
| Shamita
| Day 1
| Day 42
| style="background:#7FFFD4;"|{{nowrap|2nd runner-up}}
|-
| 4
| Raqesh
| Day 1
| Day 42
| style="background:#DDA0DD;" |3rd runner-up
|-
| 5
| Pratik
| Day 1
| Day 42
| {{Quit|Walked, 4th runner-up }}
|-
| 6
| Neha
| Day 1
| Day 39
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 7
| Muskan
| Day 1
| Day 36
| style="background:#BFFF00;" | {{nowrap|Evicted by Housemates}}
|-
| 8
| Akshara
| Day 1
| Day 29
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 9
| Milind
| Day 1
| Day 29
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 10
| Zeeshan
| Day 1
| Day 18
| {{CRemoved|Ejected}}
|-
| 11
| Ridhima
| Day 1
| Day 15
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 12
| Karan
| Day 1
| Day 15
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
| 13
| Urfi
| Day 1
| Day 8
| {{eliminated|Evicted}}
|}

== Housemates ==
The participants in the order of appearance and entered in stage are:

===Original entrants===
* [[Raqesh Bapat]] - Television and film actor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT confirmed contestant Raqesh Bapat: National award for painting, divorce with Ridhi Dogra, here's what you might not know about the actor|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-ott-confirmed-contestant-raqesh-bapat-national-award-for-painting-divorce-with-ridhi-dogra-heres-what-you-might-not-know-about-raqesh/articleshow/85091822.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref> He is known for acting in films like ''[[Tum Bin]]'', ''[[Dil Vil Pyar Vyar]]'' and ''[[Heroine (2012 film)|Heroine]]''. He has also worked in Popular television shows like ''[[Maryada: Lekin Kab Tak?]]'' and ''[[Qubool Hai]]''.
* Zeeshan Khan - Television actor and content creator. He is known for acting in ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''. He got famous after the video where he tried boarding his flight in a bathrobe uploaded on his YouTube Channel went viral.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2021|title=Viral 'Bathrobe Guy' Zeeshan Khan Confirmed for Bigg Boss OTT: Report|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/viral-bathrobe-guy-zeeshan-khan-confirmed-for-bigg-boss-ott-report-4031918.html|website=News18|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Millind Gaba]] - Singer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT confirmed contestant Milind Gaba: All you need to know about the 'Nazar Lag Jayegi' and 'She Don't Know' singer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-ott-confirmed-contestant-milind-gaba-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-nazar-lag-jayegi-and-she-dont-know-singer/articleshow/85096884.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref> He is known for his songs ''[[Nazar Lag Jayegi]]'', ''She Don't Know'' and ''Yaar Mod Do''.
* Nishant Bhat - Choreographer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 August 2021|title='Bigg Boss OTT'- Know all about 'Super Dancer 3' choreographer Nishant Bhat|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-bigg-boss-ott-know-all-about-super-dancer-3-winner-nishant-bhat-2905488|website=DNA India}}</ref> He has been a part of dance reality shows like ''[[Super Dancer]]'', ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'' and ''[[Dance Deewane]]''.
* [[Karan Nath]] - Film actor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT confirmed contestant Karan Nath: Did you know he worked as a child artist in Mr India?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-ott-confirmed-contestant-karan-nath-did-you-know-he-worked-as-a-child-artist-in-mr-india/articleshow/85102959.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref> He is known for acting in the film ''[[Yeh Dil Aashiqanaa]]''.
* Pratik Sehajpal - Reality television star and model.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT confirmed contestant Pratik Sehajpal: All you need to know about the Love School 3 fame|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-ott-confirmed-contestant-pratik-sehajpal-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-love-school-3-fame/articleshow/85099210.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref> He has participated in reality shows like ''[[MTV Love School]]'' and ''[[Ace of Space 1]]''.
* [[Shamita Shetty]] - Film actress.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2021|title=Shilpa Shetty's sister Shamita Shetty joins Bigg Boss OTT amid Raj Kundra pornography case controversy|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shilpa-shettys-sister-shamita-shetty-joins-bigg-boss-ott-amid-raj-kundra-pornography-case-controversy/articleshow/85154784.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref> She made her film debut with ''[[Mohabbatein]]''. She also participated in ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 3)|Bigg Boss 3]]'' and ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9]]''.
* [[Urfi Javed]] - Television actress and content creator.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT confirmed contestant Urfi Javed: All you need to know about this TV actress and social media influencer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-ott-confirmed-contestant-urfi-javed-all-you-need-to-know-about-this-tv-actress-and-social-media-influencer/articleshow/85150229.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref> She is known for acting in ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'', ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' and ''[[Bepannah]]''.
* [[Neha Bhasin]] - Singer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 July 2021|title=Neha Bhasin to participate in Bigg Boss OTT, watch promo|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/neha-bhasin-to-participate-in-bigg-boss-ott-7430812/|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> She is known for her song ''Dhunki'', ''Jag ghoomeya'' and ''Bajre da sitta''.
* Muskan Jattana - Social activist.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 August 2021|title=Who Is Moose Jattana? Social Media Celebrity And Bigg Boss OTT Contestant|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/shestars/who-is-moose-jattana-social-media-celebrity-and-bigg-boss-ott-contestant/|website=She The People}}</ref> She makes videos on women's rights and other social issues.
* [[Akshara Singh]] - Bhojpuri film and Hindi television actress.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT contestant Akshara Singh: Want to prove Bhojpuri films are not only about lehenga-choli|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/akshara-singh-bigg-boss-ott-bhojpuri-pawan-singh-controversy-karan-johar-7444286/|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> She is known for acting in ''[[Service Wali Bahu]]''.
* [[Divya Agarwal]] - Actress and model.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 August 2021|title=Divya Agarwal on Bigg Boss OTT: My tongue is my weapon, that's why this show is for me|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/divya-agarwal-on-bigg-boss-ott-my-tongue-is-my-weapon-thats-why-this-show-is-for-me/videoshow/85073219.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref> She is the winner of ''[[Ace of Space 1]]'' and Runner-up of ''[[MTV Splitsvilla#Season 10|MTV Splitsvilla 10]]''.
* [[Ridhima Pandit]] - Television actress.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT contestant Ridhima Pandit: Holding a masters degree in Sociology to starting her career as a model; everything you need to know about her|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-ott-contestant-ridhima-pandit-holding-a-masters-degree-in-sociology-to-starting-her-career-as-a-model-everything-you-need-to-know-about-her/articleshow/85149397.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref> She is known for her role in ''[[Bahu Hamari Rajni Kant]].'' She also participated in ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9]]''.

===Guest entrants===
* [[Nia Sharma]] - Television actress. She is known for her roles as Manvi Chaudhary in ''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]], [[Jamai Raja (2014 TV series)|Jamai Raja]]'' as Roshni Patel. She stayed in the house for 1 day.

== Twists ==
===Connections===
Before entering the House, the housemates had to pair up with one co-contestant as connection. Divya Agarwal entered the House without any connection which resulted in Divya being nominated. On Day 30, all the pairs were broken.
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; "
|-
! rowspan="3" style="width: 5%;" | Housemates
! colspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 1
! colspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 2
! colspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 3
! style="width: 5%;" | Week 4
! style="width: 5%;" | Weeks 5-6
|-
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 1
! style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Day 4}}
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 8
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 15
! style="width: 5%;" | {{nowrap|Day 16}}
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 18
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 29
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 30-42
|-
| colspan="2"|{{ref|1|[1]}}
| colspan=2 {{n/a|None}}
| {{ref|2|[2]}}
| {{ref|3|[3]}}
| {{n/a|None}}
| {{ref|4|[4]}}
|-
! Divya
| colspan="1" style="background:#00CED1;" |''No connection''
| colspan="4" style="background:#FFA556;" |''{{nowrap|Paired with Zeeshan}}''
| colspan="2" style="background:#00CED1;" |''{{nowrap|No connection }}''
| rowspan="7" style="background:#00CED1;" |''#StayConnected theme ended''
|-
! Nishant
| colspan="7" style="background:#B5FF56;" |''Paired with Muskan''
|-
! Shamita
| colspan="7" style="background:tomato;" |''Paired with Raqesh''
|-
! Raqesh
| colspan="7" style="background:tomato;" |''Paired with Shamita''
|-
! Pratik
| colspan="4" style="background:#56C9FF;" |''Paired with Akshara''
| colspan="3" style="background:#56C9FF;" |''Paired with Neha''
|-
! Neha
| colspan="4" style="background:#FFEB56;" |''Paired with Millind''
| colspan="3" style="background:#56C9FF;" |''Paired with Pratik''
|-
! Muskan
| colspan="7" style="background:#B5FF56;" |''Paired with Nishant''
|-
! Akshara
| colspan="4" style="background:#56C9FF;" |''Paired with Pratik''
| colspan="3" style="background:#FFEB56;" |''{{nowrap|Paired with Milind}}''
| colspan="1" style="background:#ccc" |
|-
! Millind
| colspan="4" style="background:#FFEB56;" |''Paired with Neha''
| colspan="3" style="background:#FFEB56;" |''{{nowrap|Paired with Akshara}}''
| colspan="1" style="background:#ccc" |
|-
! Zeeshan
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFA556;" |''{{nowrap|Paired with Urfi}}''
| colspan="5" style="background:#FFA556;" |''{{nowrap|Paired with Divya}}''
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
|-
! Ridhima
| colspan="4" style="background:#E0B0FF;" |''Paired with Karan''
| colspan="4" style="background:#ccc" |
|-
! Karan
| colspan="4" style="background:#E0B0FF;" |''Paired with Ridhima''
| colspan="4" style="background:#ccc" |
|-
! Urfi
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFA556;" |''{{nowrap|Paired with Zeeshan}}''
| colspan="2" style="background:#00CED1" |''{{nowrap|No connection}}''
| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc" |
|}
</blockquote>
'''Notes'''
*{{note|1}} Divya Agarwal was directly nominated on the Premiere Night as there was no connection left for her. On Day 4, there was an opportunity given to the boys where any one boy could press the buzzer within 2 hours and make Divya his connection. Zeeshan Khan pressed the buzzer and now his connection is Divya Agarwal while Urfi Javed was nominated as no connections were left for her.
*{{note|2}} On Day 16, the housemates were given a chance to change their connections in the Game Of Hearts task. Pratik-Neha and Milind-Akshara became the new connections.
*{{note|3}} On Day 18, Zeeshan was ejected from the house after getting in a physical fight with Pratik..
*{{note|4}} On Day 30, Bigg Boss announced that all contestants will play as individuals.

==Weekly summary==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%; line-height:20px"
! rowspan="14" style="background:#00A6A6;" | Week 1
|'''Entrances'''||
*On Grand Premiere, Urfi, Shamita, Riddhima, Karan, Pratik, Nishant, Muskaan(Moose), Divya, Zeeshan, Akshara, Millind, Raqesh, Neha entered the house<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT premiere highlights: The fights in the house begin; Divya Agarwal is the first nominated contestant|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-ott-grand-launch-highlights-and-full-contestants-list-filmmaker-karan-johar-is-all-set-to-host-the-show/articleshow/85150624.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
|'''Twist'''||
*The theme of the season is ''#StayConnected'' so there were 6 pairs and 1 single. The 6 pairs were Raqesh-Shamita, Zeeshan-Urfi, Neha-Millind, Muskan-Nishant, Akshara-Pratik and Ridhima-Karan. Divya was a single as nobody chose her
*On the Premiere Night, Bigg Boss announced that the girls will have to win tasks in order to get their luggage.
* On Day 4, Bigg Boss announced that boys have an opportunity to break off their existing connection and make a connection with Divya. The girl whose connection breaks will be nominated in her place.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT: Zeeshan Khan dumps Urfi Javed and chooses Divya Agarwal; former says, 'I won't spoil my mascara worth 4k and foundation worth 5k for a person like him'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-ott-zeeshan-khan-dumps-urfi-javed-and-chooses-divya-agarwal-former-says-i-wont-spoil-my-mascara-worth-4k-and-foundation-worth-5k-for-a-person-like-him/articleshow/85240883.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
|'''Nominations'''||
* On Grand Premiere, Divya was nominated as she was a single.
* On Day 4, Zeeshan broke off his connection with Urfi and made connection with Divya. So Urfi was nominated and Divya was immuned
* There will be a Nomination Task, one partner will sit in the room and the other partner will be performing. They will be given tasks to win. Pratik & Akshara are safe from the nomination as they are captains and they will supervise the task. In the end, four connections will be safe and one will be nominated. Urfi won't be a part of the task as she is already nominated.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT August 12 Highlights: Urfi, Raqesh and Shamita Shetty nominated in the first week|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-ott-august-12-live-five-contestants-nominated-for-elimination-in-the-first-week-726110|website=India TV News}}</ref> At the end, Shamita-Raqesh were nominated
* Voot Select Members nominated Muskan-Nishant for eviction
* On Day 7, An Immunity task was announced where nominated members have to entertain the 24/7 Live Audience. Muskan-Nishant was immuned and Urfi, Shamita and Raqesh were nominated for eviction.
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
*'''BB Candy Shop''':The girls have a chance to win their luggage. Their connections will play on girls behalf. All guys will pick their connection's dolls and take them to the candy shop. There are 5 gates to enter the candy shop and there will be 5 buzzers, The candy shop will open when the buzzer plays. Each boy will enter one gate. Divya will supervise the task. After every round, Divya will seal one gate. The final round winner's connection will get all their luggage
*'''Connection No. 1''': Indian Matchmaker Sima Taparia enters the house to motivate the connections and to choose the No. 1 connection.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT: Match-maker Sima Taparia enters the house; asks Urfi Javed about her connection not blooming with Zeeshan Khan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-ott-match-maker-sima-taparia-enters-the-house-asks-urfi-javed-about-her-connection-not-blooming-with-zeeshan-khan/articleshow/85210465.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref>
*'''1 2 3 Statue''': All 6 connections were divided into 2 teams, Team A (Raqesh & Shamita, Milind & Neha, Zeeshan & Divya) and Team B (Akshara & Pratik, Nishant & Muskaan, Ridhima & Karan). One team is supposed to maintain a statue-like pose for an extended amount of time, whereas the other team will try to disturb them. .The Boss Lady & Man will be chosen from winning team. Urfi is the supervisor of the task.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT Aug 13 highlights: Contestants go wild, throw bizarre items on each other during task|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-ott-august-13-live-contestants-go-wild-throw-bizarre-items-on-each-other-during-task-726363|website=India TV News}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (BB Candy Shop) – Nishant'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (BB Candy Shop) – Rest of the Male contestants'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Connection No.1) – Akshara-Pratik'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Connection No.1) – Rest of the connections'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (1 2 3 Statue) – Raqesh-Shamita, Neha-Milind, Divya-Zeeshan'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (1 2 3 Statue) – Akshara-Pratik, Nishant-Muskan, Ridhima-Karan'''
|-
| style="background:#cfc;" | '''Boss Man & Boss Lady'''||style="background:#cfc;" |'''Pratik Sehajpal & Akshara Singh'''
|-
|'''Notes'''||
*After considering the performance of the housemates, Bigg Boss Announced that all girls can take 25 items from their luggage.
* The winning team of ''1 2 3 Statue ''task got the chance to decide the next Boss Lady & Man among them. They chose Shamita-Raqesh<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT LIVE UPDATES day 6: Raqesh Bapat and Shamita Shetty become the new 'Boss Man' and 'Boss Lady' of the house|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/bigg-boss/bigg-boss-ott-live-updates-day-6-housemates-bash-pratik-sehajpal-for-his-behaviour-read-the-latest-bigg-boss-ott-news-and-gossip-1893822/|website=Bollywood Life}}</ref>
|-
|{{Yes2|'''Report Card''' }}||
On Day 2, Bigg Boss Announced that there will be a daily report card which will show the performance of the housemates . The housemates' performance will be decided by Voot Select 24x7 Live Audience. If the performance of housemates is good they can get extra privileges or no problems for the next day. If the performance of housemates was bad, Bigg Boss can take away some privileges.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT: Contestants surprised after Bigg Boss reveals their audience report card and {{as written|i|t's [sic]}} impact|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/bigg-boss-ott-contestants-surprised-after-bigg-boss-reveals-their-audience-report-card-and-its-impact-849735|website=Pinkvilla|access-date=22 August 2021|archive-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915054311/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/bigg-boss-ott-contestants-surprised-after-bigg-boss-reveals-their-audience-report-card-and-its-impact-849735|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Day 2: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{Yeac}}
* Day 3: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates. As a result, the girls got all their luggage back.{{yeac}}
*Day 4: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 5: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 6: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 7: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
|-bgcolor=salmon
|'''Exits'''||
* On Day 8, Urfi Javed was evicted by Public Vote
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! rowspan="8" style="background:#00A6A6;" | Week 2
|'''Nominations'''||
*'''Nomination Task''': In this Task, Boss Lady & Man Shamita & Raqesh will be the head sarpanch and immuned. Every round Bigg Boss declares one connection to be the sarpanch along with them. He also declares a title which must be given to one of the remaining connections. After discussing with all the connections, the four sarpanchs must declare the name of the connection who they think is the must suitable for that title. Then the 24x7 Live Voot Select Audience will decide if they agree with their decision or not. If the audience agrees, then the connection who got that title will be nominated and if they don't, then the connection who was the sarpanch for that round will be nominated.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT Aug 18 HIGHLIGHTS: Panchayat task breaks house into two; Raqesh Bapat breaks down|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-ott-day-9-written-updates-all-contestants-nominated-for-elimination-1842141-2021-08-18|website=India Today}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! style="background:lightgreen; width:20%"| Round
! style="background:lightgreen; width:30%"| Sarpanch
! style="background:lightgreen; width:50%"| Topic
! style="background:lightgreen; width:50%"| Sarpanch Decision
! style="background:lightgreen; width:50%"| Audience Decision
! style="background:lightgreen; width:50%"| Nominations
|-
|Round 1
|Divya and Zeeshan
|Sabse Kaamchor (lazy)
|Muskan & Nishant
|Bgcolor=salmon|Disagreed
|Divya and Zeeshan
|-
|Round 2
|Ridhima and Karan
|Sabse Aswachh (unhygienic)
|Muskan & Nishant
|Bgcolor=salmon|Disagreed
|Ridhima and Karan
|-
|Round 3
|Muskan and Nishant
|Sabse Kamzor (weakest)
|colspan="3" bgcolor=beige|Couldn't decide
|}
Bigg Boss cancelled the task and nominated everyone as a punishment, including Shamita & Raqesh by making their immunity invalid.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT: Failure in panchayat nomination task leads to a shocking result for the contestants|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/bigg-boss-ott-failure-panchayat-nomination-task-leads-shocking-result-contestants-862064|website=Pinkvilla|access-date=22 August 2021|archive-date=16 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916093111/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/bigg-boss-ott-failure-panchayat-nomination-task-leads-shocking-result-contestants-862064|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|'''Task'''||
*'''BB Factory''':All connections will work as factory workers. They have to make dominos using blocks and paint. They will paint the initials of the connection which they don't want to make the next Boss Lady & Man. After each round, the connections will keep getting eliminated on the basis of how many connections wrote their initials. In the end and the last connection will become Boss Lady & Man. Shamita & Raqesh will be the supervisors and they will decide which connection's name was written the most on the blocks.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT Aug 19 HIGHLIGHTS: Temperature soar high during Domino task| url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-ott-aug-19-live-temperature-soar-high-during-domino-task-727608|website=India TV News}}</ref>
|-
|'''Punishments'''||
* Bigg Boss nominated everyone as they couldn't reach to a decision in the task
* On Day 14, Bigg Boss asked the housemates to choose 2 connections who deserve punishment based on their journey so far by mutual agreement. They choose Akshara & Pratik and Shamita & Raqesh.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT Day 13 Written Update: Shamita Shetty, Nishant Bhat get into bitter fight during punishment task|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-ott-day-13-written-update-shamita-shetty-nishant-bhat-get-into-bitter-fight-during-punishment-task-1843885-2021-08-22|website=India Today}}</ref> These 2 connections must continuously rotate a mill until Bigg Boss next update.
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (BB Factory) – Divya-Zeeshan'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (BB Factory) – Neha-Millind, Muskan-Nishant, Akshara-Pratik, Ridhima-Karan'''
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''Boss Man & Boss Lady''' ||style="background:#cfc;" |'''Raqesh Bapat & Shamita Shetty'''
|-
|{{Yes2|'''Report Card''' }}||
* Day 9: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
*Day 10: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
*Day 11: Audience were not that happy with the performance of the housemates. As a result, the next day they will have a gas supply for 4 hours only. 2 hours in the morning, 2 hours in the evening.{{Nayc}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT, Day 11, August 19, Live Updates: Housemates will face cooking gas shortage after falling short of performance|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/bigg-boss/bigg-boss-ott-day-11-august-19-live-updates-shamita-shetty-divya-agarwal-pratik-sehajpal-akshara-singh-ridhima-pandit-neha-bhasin-1897805/|website=Bollywood Life}}</ref>
*Day 12: Audience were not that happy with the performance of the housemates. As a result, the next day they will have a gas supply for 4 hours only. 2 hours in the morning, 2 hours in the evening.{{Nayc}}
*Day 13: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
*Day 14: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
|-bgcolor=salmon
|'''Exits'''
|On Day 15, Karan Nath and Ridhima Pandit was evicted by Public Vote.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT: Ridhima Pandit and Karan Nath's connection gets eliminated from the show|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-ott-ridhima-pandit-and-karan-naths-connection-gets-eliminated-from-the-show/articleshow/85541352.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
! colspan=3|
|-
! rowspan="11" style="background:#00A6A6;" | Week 3
|'''Nominations'''||
*There will be a card slot and an empty card in the confession room. One connection will go to the room and has to write the name of another connection who they want to save. The next connection to go to the room can either agree with the name written or tear the card. At the end of the task, the connection whose name is left on the task will be saved from nomination. If the card is empty, everyone will be nominated. Divya & Zeeshan are already safe as they are the Boss Lady & Man.
:1. Divya & Zeeshan: Write Muskaan & Nishant's name
:2. Shamita & Raqesh: Tear the card
:3. Neha & Pratik: Write Muskaan & Nishant's name
:4. Akshara & Milind: Approve the card
:5. Muskaan & Nishant: Approve the card
At the end, Shamita-Raqesh, Akshara-Pratik and Neha-Millind were nominated
Bigg Boss announced that Voot Select Audience have the power to save 1 connection, They saved Shamita-Raqesh and Akshara, Milind, Pratik and Neha was nominated
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
*'''Game Of Hearts''':* '''Game Of Hearts (Day 16)''': Before the task, Bigg Boss dissolved all the connections and gave boys the opportunity to change their connections. The girls present their heart to a guy they want to form a connection with. The guy in question could either accept the heart or break it and toss it in the dustbin. The task won't end utill everyone has a connection.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT: Contestants Get a Chance to Change Partners in 'Game of Hearts' Task|url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-ott-contestants-get-a-chance-to-change-partners-in-game-of-hearts-task-2775717.html|website=Latestly}}</ref>
** Shamita : Gave the heart to Raqesh
** Raqesh : Accepted
** Muskaan : Gave the heart to Nishant
** Nishant : Accepted
** Akshara : Gave the heart to Pratik
** Pratik : Accepted
** Neha : Didn't give the heart to anyone
** Pratik : Broke the heart given by Akshara
** Divya : Gave the heart to Zeeshan
** Zeeshan : Accepted
** Akshara : Gave the heart to Pratik
** Pratik : Broke the heart given by Akshara
** Neha : Gave the heart to Pratik
** Pratik : Accepted
** Akshara : Gave the heart to Milind
** Milind : Accepted
The '''Connections''' were Shamita & Raqesh, Muskaan & Nishant, Divya & Zeeshan, Neha & Pratik, Akshara & Milind.
*'''Red Flags''':Zeeshan and Divya will give their rules and red flags to people if they think some rules are broken. They can give it on behavior as well. There is a whiteboard. Zeeshan and Divya can write new rules there. Everyone claps. Divya says they can give the red flag to someone who breaks those rules. They have to give all the flags. The contestant will keep flags in the bag behind them. If you play well you can become contenders.
*'''Wild Wolf'':Voot Select Viewers chose Akshara-Milind, Neha-Pratik as captaincy contenders There are two platforms in the garden. Make pyramids from the bricks there and protect them from being broken. The connection with the higher pyramid will win the task. The entire inmate will hear wolf sounds. Pratik, Neha and Akshara Milint will stop. Any two contestants will come in the garden and break one of the towers. After that, the two connections can start over again.
*'''Luxury Budget Task''':Connections have a chance to win a luxury budget. All boys have to make their connections feel special. Divya will be the captain of this task and choose the winner in which the guy has pampered his connection the best. You will get a good hamper. Your first task will start. The guys have to style their connections. In the second part, they will cook for them. The girls can suggest them but not help.. The third task is that all connections would go to the garden and they will present it to their girls. Divya will choose who was the best connection. They will be the winners.
|-
| rowspan="5" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"| Red Flags Task was cancelled by Bigg Boss due to Physical violence
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Wild Wolf) – Neha-Pratik'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Wild Wolf) – Akshara-Milind'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Luxury Budget Task) – Nishant-Muskan'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Luxury Budget Task) – Rest of the connections'''
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''Boss Man & Boss Lady''' ||style="background:#cfc;" |'''Zeeshan Khan & Divya Agarwal'''
|-
| {{Yes2|'''Report Card'''}} ||
* Day 16: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 17: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 18: Audience were not that happy with the performance of the housemates. As a result, the next day they will have a gas supply for 2 hours in the morning and The gym area will be closed for the next day{{Nayc}}
* Day 19: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 20: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 21: Audience were not at all happy with the performance of the housemates. It was announced on Monday that None of you will use the gym and gas supply will be open for two hours only. {{Nayc}}
|-
|'''Punishments'''||
* Bigg Boss asked Pratik-Neha to name 2 connections/ 1 connection+ Divya who would get the punishment. AS they couldn't decide. Everyone except Pratik-Neha got punished and were asked to push the see saw
|-bgcolor=salmon
|'''Exits'''||
* On Day 18, Zeeshan Khan was ejected due to physical violence<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 August 2021|title=Zeeshan Khan gets into a physical fight with Pratik Sehajpal, thrown out of Bigg Boss OTT|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/zeeshan-khan-gets-into-a-physical-fight-with-pratik-sehajpal-thrown-out-of-bigg-boss-ott-7470621/|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
* On Day 22, No eviction took place
|-
! colspan=3|
|-
! rowspan="10" style="background:#00A6A6;" | Week 4
|'''Nominations'''||
Divya is nominated as she does not have any connection, Neha and Pratik are Boss Man and Boss Lady so they are safe, All contestants have received letters from their home. Bigg Boss tells them that they have to mutually decide which one of you will sacrifice and let the other one read and nominate themselves.
*Nishant and Moose: Nishant tore his letter and was nominated
*Milind and Akshara:Both are nominated
*Shamita and Raqesh: Shamita is nominated
At the end, Nishant, Shamita, Akshara, Milind and Divya was nominated
Neha and Pratik were asked to save 1 person. They saved Shamita. Voot Select Viewers were asked to save one person from Nominations, They saved Nishant.
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
*'''Clock Task''': There is a clock outside but it doesn't have wings. The inmates will be the wings of it. The connections who are part of it are Raqesh Shamita, Pratik Neha, Nishant Moose and Akshara Milind. You have to count 3 5minutes in this clock. You will move after that and the one who has the closest to 35 minutes will win and become the first contender to the next Bossman and lady.
**Results: Neha and Pratik took 45 minutes and 38 seconds. Raqesh and Shamita 36 minutes. Milind and Akshara, 35 minutes 26 seconds. The connection that was closest was Nishant and Moose. Their time was 34 minutes and 35 seconds
*'''Nia Ka Raaj''': Nia Sharma entered the house as a guest, The two winners will become two more contenders. Nia is boss lady of the house. You have to win her heart. If she's happy with someone she will give them gold coin. The 2 connections who get maximum gold coins will be the next 2 contenders. Divya cant take part in the task as she is single
*'''Captaincy Task''':The three contestant couples have to play a ladder game. There are three ladders in the garden. There are no steps in them. Three connections would pick the steps from the slide and try to make their ladder. In the end the one with most number of ladders will win the task. The connections who couldn't get letters from their houses during nomination, this is another chance to get those letter. there will be 7 rounds. Bigg boss will send one letter with each round. After the buzzer, the connection who gets the step will decide if they want to tear the letter and put it on their ladder or would they give the letter to the owner and throw it in the bin. Nishant and Moose got an advantage yesterday so they already have a step. Raqesh and Shamita will be the referees of this game.
|-
|style="background:#cfc;"| '''Boss Man & Boss Lady''' ||style="background:#cfc;" |'''Pratik Sehajpal & Neha Bhasin'''
|-
| rowspan="5" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Clock Task) – Muskan-Nishant'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Clock Task) – Rest of the Connections'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Nia Ka Raaj) – Neha-Pratik, Akshara-Milind'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Nia Ka Raaj) – Raqesh-Shamita'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"| Captaincy Task was cancelled by Bigg Boss as the result was draw
|-
| {{Yes2|'''Report Card''' }}||
* Day 23: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 24: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 25: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 26: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 27: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 28: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
|-bgcolor=salmon
|'''Exits'''||
On Day 29, Akshara Singh and Milind Gaba were evicted by Public Vote
|-
! colspan=3|
|-
! rowspan="8" style="background:#00A6A6;"| Week 5
|'''Nominations'''||
*Bigg Boss asked all housemates one by one to name 2 housemates who will be nominated. At the end, Shamita, Divya, Neha, Pratik and Muskan were nominated
|-
|'''Twists''' ||
* Bigg Boss announced that all contestants will play solo for the last 2 weeks and all connections were broken
|-
|'''Tasks'''||
*'''Immunity Task''':ll nominated contestants have a chance to save themselves. There's an autorickshaw in the garden. The three who will stay in it will be safe. In this task, the rickshaw's horn would blare. Once it blares, they will pick one person out and send in a danger zone. That person will send any of the two remaining nominated people to the auto. It will repeat 5 times. The ones who are left in the danger zone will stay nominated. Since Pratik and Neha have the disadvantage. Shamita, Moose and Divya will start with auto, and Pratik and Neha have to sit in the danger zone.
* '''Ticket to Finale''':If you win the task today, the winner can make place in the finale. Today will be three rounds, tomorrow would be semi-finale and finale. We will choose two people. They will fight against each other in the garden area. You have to pick and walk with a water filled vessel. You have to protect it. If the water get lower than the yellow line, you will lose and be out. Rest of the inmates can try to keep filling vessels of the person they want to win from the tanks. If the two players keep walking on the track, then the one who has tank filled til yellow will be out. Advantage, the audience has given advantage to one person through a poll. That person is Divya. She qualifies directly for the semi-finale which would happen tomorrow.
*'''Luxury Budget Task''':Team A has Pratik, Nishant, and Moose. Team B is Raqesh. Shamita and Divya. Neha is the captain. Both teams have to get the bones outside in the box. The team that wins most rounds will get a luxury hamper. When buzzer blares Neha will say a word from the board. The people who have those numbers will come forward and try to get the bones. Until they cross the line the other team can try to get the bones. The winning team and captain will share the task.
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''Results'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"| Immunity Task and Ticket To Finale was cancelled by Bigg Boss due to Physical violence
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#9F6;"| '''Winner (Luxury Budget Task) – Shamita, Divya, Raqesh'''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#FA8072;"| '''Failed (Luxury Budget Task) – Nishant, Muskan, Pratik'''
|-
|{{Yes2| '''Report Card'''}} ||
* Day 30: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 31: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 32: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 33: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 34: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 35: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
|-bgcolor=salmon
|'''Exits'''||
On Day 29, Muskan Jattana was evicted by Housemates Vote.
|-
! colspan=3|
|-
! rowspan="5" style="background:00A6A6;"| Week 6 Finale Week
|'''Nominations'''||
* Divya, Pratik, Shamita, Raqesh, Neha, Nishant were nominated for the final eviction
* After Neha was evicted, All the finalists were nominated and One of them would be Winner
|-bgcolor=salmon
|'''Exits'''||
* Neha Bhasin was evicted by Public Vote
|-
|'''Happenings'''||
*On Day 37, Family members and friends of contestants came and met them
*On Day 38, Media entered the house for a press conference with the contestants
*On Day 39, Debates between the contestants took place and The Final eviction of the house took place
*On Day 40, Memory Task took place where Finalists will take one memory with them and destroy one memory
*On Day 41, Bharti Singh and Haarsh Limbachiyaa entered the house for a fun segment
|-
| {{Yes2|'''Report Card'''}} ||
* Day 37: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 38: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 39: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 40: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
* Day 41: Audience were happy with the performance of the housemates.{{yeac}}
|-
|'''Twists''' ||
On the Grand Finale, Karan put a briefcase in front of the five finalists and those who take the briefcase will be out from the Winner's Race but will be a part of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 15)|Bigg Boss 15]]'' as a contestant. Pratik took the briefcase and became a part of ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 15)|Bigg Boss 15]]''.
|-
! colspan=3|
|-
| colspan="3" style="background:gold; text-align:center"|'''Day 42 Grand Finale'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Walked, 4th Runner Up
| style="background:#fcf; text-align:center" |'''Pratik Sehajpal'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 3rd Runner Up
| style="background:#DDA0DD; text-align:center" |'''[[Raqesh Bapat]]'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 2nd Runner Up
| style="background:#7FFFD4; text-align:center" |'''[[Shamita Shetty]]'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| 1st Runner Up
| style="background:#D1E8EF; text-align:center" |'''Nishant Bhat'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Winner
| style="background:#73FB76; text-align:center" |'''[[Divya Agarwal]]'''
|}

== Nominations table ==
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:15px;"
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" |
! colspan="4" style="width: 5%;" | Week 1
! rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 2
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 3
! colspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 4
! colspan="2" style="width: 5%;" | Week 5
! colspan="3" style="background:#FFD700" style="width: 5%;"| Week 6
|-
! colspan="3" style="width: 5%;" | Day 1
! style="width: 5%;" |Day 4
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 23
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 24
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 30
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 36
! style="width: 5%;" | Day 39
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700; width:5%;" | Day 42
|- style="background:#87CEEB;" |
!{{nowrap|Nominees for Captaincy}}
| colspan="4" |{{nowrap|Akshara & Pratik}} {{nowrap|Shamita & Raqesh}}
| {{nowrap|Divya & Zeeshan}} {{nowrap|Neha & Millind}} {{nowrap| Shamita & Raqesh}}
| colspan="2" |{{nowrap|Akshara & Pratik}} {{nowrap|Divya & Zeeshan}} {{nowrap|Neha & Millind}} {{nowrap|Muskan & Nishant}} {{nowrap| Shamita & Raqesh}}
| colspan=2 | {{nowrap|Akshara & Pratik}} {{nowrap|Neha & Millind}}
| colspan="2" |{{nowrap|Muskan & Nishant}} Neha & Pratik Akshara & Millind
| colspan="3" rowspan="3" bgcolor="#ccc" |''No Boss Lady & Boss Man''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
! {{nowrap|Boss Lady & }} {{nowrap|Boss Man}}
| colspan="4" |{{nowrap|'''Akshara & Pratik'''}}
| {{nowrap|'''Shamita & Raqesh'''}}
| colspan="2" |'''Divya & <s>Zeeshan</s> '''
| colspan=2 | '''Neha & Pratik'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor=#ccc|''No Boss Lady & Boss Man''
|-
! Captain's Nominations
| colspan="4" style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |''Boss Man ejected''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''Not eligible''
| Shamita (to save)
|-
| colspan="15" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Vote to:
! colspan="4" | Task
! colspan="2" | None
! Task
! {{nowrap|Save / Evict}}
! Save
! Evict
! Save
! None
! colspan="2" | ''WIN''
|-
| colspan="15" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! Divya
| bgcolor="grey" |
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#FFA556;" |
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#FFA556;" |
| style="background:#cfc;" |''Boss Lady''
| colspan=2 style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| Neha Pratik
| Muskan
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#73FB76;" | '''''Winner''''' (Day 42)
|-
! Nishant
| bgcolor="#B5FF56" |
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''{{nowrap|Nominated by}} {{nowrap|Live Audience}}''
|bgcolor="#B5FF56" |
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Saved by {{nowrap|Live Audience}}''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| bgcolor="#B5FF56" |
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Nishant (to evict) Muskan (to save)
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Saved by Live Audience''
| Shamita Neha
| Muskan
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#D1E8EF" | {{nowrap|'''''1st runner-up'''''}} (Day 42)
|-
! Shamita
| bgcolor="tomato" |
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|bgcolor="tomato" |
|Bgcolor=#ccc|''Not eligible''
| style="background:#cfc;" |''Boss Lady''
| bgcolor="tomato" |
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Saved by Live Audience''
| Shamita (to evict) Raqesh (to save)
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Divya Muskan
| Neha
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" |{{nowrap|'''''2nd runner-up'''''}} (Day 42)
|-
! Raqesh
| bgcolor="tomato" |
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|bgcolor="tomato" |
|Bgcolor=#ccc|''Not eligible''
| style="background:#cfc;" |''Boss Man''
| bgcolor="tomato" |
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Saved by Live Audience''
| Shamita (to evict) Raqesh (to save)
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Pratik Muskan
| Neha
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#DDA0DD;" | {{nowrap|'''''3rd runner-up'''''}} (Day 42)
|-
! Pratik
! style="background:#56C9FF;" |
| colspan="3" style="background:#cfc;" |''Boss Man''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#56C9FF;" |
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan=2 style="background:#cfc;" |''Boss Man''
| Divya Raqesh
| Neha
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| style="background:#fcf" |{{nowrap|'''''Walked, 4th runner-up'''''}} (Day 42)
|-
! Neha
! style="background:#FFEB56;" |
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
|style="background:#FFEB56;" |
|Bgcolor=#ccc|''Not eligible''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#56C9FF;" |
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan=2 style="background:#cfc;" |''Boss Lady''
| Divya Muskan
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''BTM 2''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''No Nominations''
| colspan="2" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted ''(Day 39)
|-
! Muskan
| bgcolor="#B5FF56" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated by Live Audience''
|bgcolor="#B5FF56" |
|style="background:#FBF373;" |''Saved by {{nowrap|Live Audience}}''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| bgcolor="#B5FF56" |
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Nishant (to evict) Muskan (to save)
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| Neha Shamita
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''BTM 2''
| colspan="3" style="background:#BFFF00" |''Evicted by Housemates '' (Day 36)
|-
! Akshara
! style="background:#56C9FF;" |
| colspan="3" style="background:#cfc;" |''Boss Lady''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#FFEB56;" |
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| Akshara Milind (to evict)
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="5" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted ''(Day 29)
|-
! Milind
! style="background:#FFEB56;" |
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
|style="background:#FFEB56;" |
|Bgcolor=#ccc|''Not eligible''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#FFEB56;" |
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|Akshara Milind (to evict)
|style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="5" style="background:#FA8072" |''Evicted '' (Day 29)
|-
! Zeeshan
| bgcolor="#FFA556" |
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
|bgcolor="#FFA556" |
|Bgcolor=#ccc|''Not eligible''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| Bgcolor=#FFA556|
| style="background:#cfc;" |''<s>Boss Man</s>''
| colspan="7" style="background:#FFE08B" |''Ejected ''(Day 18)
|-
!Ridhima
! style="background:#E0B0FF;" |
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| style="background:#E0B0FF;" |
| bgcolor="#ccc" |''Not eligible''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="9" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted ''(Day 15)
|-
! Karan
! style="background:#E0B0FF;" |
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
|style="background:#E0B0FF;" |
|Bgcolor=#ccc|''Not eligible''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="9" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted '' (Day 15)
|-
! Urfi
| bgcolor="#FFA556" |
| style="background:#FBF373;" |''Safe''
| bgcolor="grey" |
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="10" style="background:#FA8072;" |''Evicted ''(Day 8)
|-
| colspan="15" bgcolor="black" |
|-
! Notes
| colspan="3" | ''[[#endnote 1|1]]''
| {{n/a|None}}
| ''[[#endnote 2|2]],[[#endnote 3|3]]''
| colspan="7" {{n/a|None}}
| colspan="2" | ''[[#endnote 4|4]],[[#endnote 5|5]]''
|- style="background:#B2FFFF"
! Against Public Vote
| colspan="4" | <s>Divya</s> <s>{{nowrap|Muskan & Nishant}}</s> {{nowrap|Shamita & Raqesh}} Urfi
| {{nowrap|Akshara & Pratik}} {{nowrap|Divya & Zeeshan}} {{nowrap| Ridhima & Karan}} {{nowrap|Neha & Millind}} {{nowrap|Muskan & Nishant}} {{nowrap|Shamita & Raqesh}}
| colspan="2" | {{nowrap|Akshara & Pratik}} {{nowrap|Neha & Millind}} {{nowrap|<s> Shamita & Raqesh</s>}}
| colspan=2 | {{nowrap|Akshara & Millind}} Divya <s>Nishant</s> <s>Shamita</s>
| Divya Muskan Neha Pratik Shamita
| Muskan Neha
| Divya Neha Nishant Pratik Raqesh Shamita
| colspan="2" | Divya Nishant Pratik Raqesh Shamita
|-
! Ejected
| colspan="5" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''None''
| colspan="2" style="background:#FFE08B;" |'''Zeeshan'''
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''None''
|-
! rowspan="3" |Evicted
| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Urfi'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Karan'''
'''Ridhima'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''No Eviction''
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Akshara'''
'''Millind'''
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" bgcolor="#BFFF00" |'''Muskan'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FA8072" |'''Neha'''
| style="background:#fcf" |'''Pratik'''
| style="background:#DDA0DD" |'''Raqesh'''
|-
| colspan="2" style="background:#7FFFD4" |'''Shamita'''
|-
| style="background:#D1E8EF" |'''Nishant'''
| style="background:#73FB76" |'''Divya'''
|}
</blockquote>
'''Color Keys'''
: {{Color box|#cfc|border=silver}} indicates the Boss Lady and Boss Man.
: {{Color box|#FBF373|border=silver}} indicates that the Housemate was safe prior to nominations.
: {{Color box|#959FFD|border=silver}} indicates that the Housemate was nominated for eviction.
: {{Color box|Tomato|border=silver}} indicates that the Housemate has been evicted.
: {{color box|#FFE08B|border=silver}} indicates that the Housemate has been ejected.

'''Nomination notes'''
* {{note|1|1}}: Divya was directly nominated on premiere night as there were no connections left but was saved on Day 4 when Zeeshan broke his connection with Urfi and chose Divya as his connection during the Buzzer Task.
* {{note|2|2}}: Muskan and Nishant saved themselves from Nomination in Week 1 on a condition that they would be nominated for Week 2. They later won the Immunity Task on Day 7 and this condition no longer applied.
* {{note|3|3}}: Bigg Boss nominated everyone including the Boss Lady and Man as punishment when the housemates couldn't reach a decision during the Nomination Task.
* {{note|4|4}}: Pratik Sehajpal chose direct entry to ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 15)|Bigg Boss 15]]''.
* {{note|5|5}}: Nishant Bhat and [[Shamita Shetty]] will participate in ''Bigg Boss 15''.


==Guest appearances==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
! style="background:#00A6A6; color:white; " | Week
! style="background:#00A6A6; color:white; " | Day
! style="background:#00A6A6; color:white; " | Guest(s)
! style="background:#00A6A6; color:white; " | Purpose of visit
|-
| rowspan="4" |1
| rowspan="2" |Premiere Night
|[[Arjun Bijlani]] and [[Karan Wahi]]
|For introducing Nishant Bhat
|-
| [[Malaika Arora]]
| For introducing the girl housemates<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT: Malaika Arora to set the stage on fire with her performance in Karan Johar's show {{!}} PROMO|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-ott-malaika-arora-sets-stage-on-fire-with-her-performance-in-karan-johar-show-promo-latest-tv-news-725239|website=India TV News}}</ref>
|-
| Day 3
| Sima Taparia
| To advice connections and rank their bond<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2021|title=Indian Matchmaking's Sima Taparia to enter Bigg Boss OTT house|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/indian-matchmaking-s-sima-taparia-to-enter-bigg-boss-ott-house-1838327-2021-08-08|website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| Day 8
| [[Sidharth Shukla]] and [[Shehnaaz Gill]]
| rowspan="2" | For interacting with the housemates<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 August 2021|title=Bigg Boss OTT Sunday Ka Vaar: Sidharth Shukla, Shehnaaz Gill Make A Smashing Entry On The Sets-Pictures|url=https://www.spotboye.com/television/television-news/bigg-boss-ott-sunday-ka-vaar-sidharth-shukla-shehnaz-gill-make-a-smashing-entry-on-the-sets-pictures/61191cb9c22b2417f3f944c8|website=SpotboyE}}</ref>
|-
|2
| rowspan="1" | Day 15
| [[Rakhi Sawant]] and [[Hina Khan]]
|-
|3
| Day 22
|[[Sunny Leone]]
| | For a special task
|-
|rowspan="4" | 4
| Day 25 and 26
| [[Nia Sharma]]
| To spend 1 day inside the house
|-
| Day 26
| [[Ankit Gupta]]
| For a special task
|-
|rowspan="2" |Day 29
|rowspan="1" |[[Nikki Tamboli]] and [[Rubina Dilaik]]
|rowspan="1" | For interacting with the housemates
|-
| [[Richa Chadda]] & [[Ronit Roy]]
| To promote their web series ''Candy''
|-
|rowspan="4" | 5
|rowspan="4" |Day 36
|rowspan="1" |[[Neha Kakkar]] and [[Tony Kakkar]]
|rowspan="1" | For interacting with the housemates<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 September 2021|title= Bigg Boss OTT: Neha Kakkar and Tony Kakkar to enter BB house as special guests{{!}} PROMO|url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/bigg-boss-ott-neha-kakkar-and-tony-kakkar-to-enter-bb-house-as-special-guests-2392417.html/|website=Zee News}}</ref>
|-
| Akshay Kakkar and Aashika Bhatia
| To promote MX Taka Tak
|-
| [[Rashami Desai]] and [[Devoleena Bhattacharjee]]
|rowspan="1" | For interacting with the housemates<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 September 2021|title= Devoleena, Rashami Desai to enter 'Bigg Boss OTT' house as special guests{{!}} PROMO|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/devoleena-rashami-desai-to-enter-bigg-boss-ott-house-as-special-guests-733147|website=India Tv News}}</ref>
|-
| [[Varun Sood (actor)|Varun Sood]] (Divya's boyfriend)
| rowspan="6" | To meet respective contestants<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 September 2021|title= Varun Sood to surprise girlfriend Divya Agarwal on 'Bigg Boss OTT'{{!}}PROMO|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/varun-sood-to-surprise-girlfriend-divya-agarwal-on-bigg-boss-ott/articleshow/86136179.cms|website=Times Of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" |6
| rowspan="5" |Day 37
| Rashi Bhasin (Neha's sister)
|-
| Isha (Raqesh's niece)
|-
| Prerna Sehajpal (Pratik's sister)
|-
| Sunanda Shetty (Shamita's mother)
|-
| [[Punit Pathak]] (Nishant's friend)
|-
| Day 41
| [[Bharti Singh]] and [[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]]
| rowspan="3" |To interact with the housemates
|-
| rowspan="2" |Grand Finale
| [[Genelia D'Souza]] and [[Riteish Deshmukh]]
|-
| [[Rithvik Dhanjani]] and [[Karan Wahi]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|15087662}}
* [https://www.voot.com/shows/bigg-boss-ott/158428 Bigg Boss OTT] on [[Voot]]

{{Bigg Boss OTT}}

[[Category:Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) seasons]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television seasons]]

Bhagwa dhwaj

2025-12-25T10:35:07Z

Sahadathossain: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Saffron (color)#Hindutva]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R to section}}
}}

Navneet Nishan

2025-12-20T12:44:20Z

Sahadathossain: corrected page per sources

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Navneet_Nishan.jpg
| name = Navneet Nishan
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[India]] 1962
| spouse =
| occupation = [[Actor]]
| yearsactive = 1968–present
}}
'''Navneet Nishan''' (also known as '''Navnit Nishan''', '''Navnit''' or '''Navnit Singh''') is an Indian [[actress]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-12-19 |title=Navneet's final Nishan: The director's chair |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/navneets-final-nishan-the-directors-chair/articleshow/1984583734.cms |access-date=2023-07-21 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She is best known for her role as Tara in the soap opera ''[[Tara (TV series)|Tara]]'',<ref>{{cite web |website=MidDay |title=Scenes in a wedding |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/jun/300609-Karan-Johar-Shahrukh-Khan-My-Name-is-Khan-Kajol-wedding-scene-Bollywood.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703060943/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/jun/300609-Karan-Johar-Shahrukh-Khan-My-Name-is-Khan-Kajol-wedding-scene-Bollywood.htm |archive-date=3 July 2009}}</ref> and ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]''. She has also worked in the TV serial ''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]'' as Shonotra. She has acted in a number of [[Cinema of Punjab|Punjabi movies]] as well.<ref>{{cite web |website=The Times of India |date=11 October 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/alok-nath-had-admitted-of-groping-navneet-nishan-reveals-a-former-co-star/articleshow/66151038.cms |title=Alok Nath had admitted to groping Navneet Nishan, reveals a former co-star}}</ref>

Nishan made her Bollywood debut in the film ''[[Jaan Tere Naam]]'' along with [[Ronit Roy]] as a supporting actress followed by ''[[Dilwale (1994 film)|Dilwale]]'', ''[[Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/heres-why-aamir-khan-made-navneet-nishan-kiss-him-7-8-times-during-hum-hai-rahi-pyar-ke/articleshow/102089207.cms|title=Here's why Aamir Khan made Navneet Nishan kiss him 7-8 times during 'Hum Hai Rahi Pyar Ke'|newspaper=The Times of India |date=25 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/hum-hain-rahi-pyar-ke-navneet-nishan-shares-delightful-memories-of-working-with-aamir-khan-and-juhi-chawla-101690109823630.html|title=30 years of Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke: I kissed Aamir Khan all day long for one scene but it got edited says Navneet Nishan}}</ref> ''[[Raja Hindustani]]'', ''[[Akele Hum Akele Tum]]'', and ''[[Tum Bin]]''. She also worked in Punjabi-language films like ''[[Jee Aayan Nu]]'' and '' [[Asa Nu Maan Watna Da]]''.

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
|-
|1975
| ''[[Mili]]''
|Young Mili
|1988
| ''[[Waaris (1988 film)|Waaris]]''
|Channo
|-
| 1990
| ''[[Drishti (film)|Drishti]]''
| Gita
|-
|1991
|''[[Hai Meri Jaan]]''
|Nikki
|-
| 1992
| ''[[Jaan Tere Naam]]''
|Archana
|-
|1993
|''[[Bomb Blast (1993 film)]]''
|Tina
|-
| 1993
| ''[[Hum Hain Rahi Pyaar Ke]]''
| Maya
|-
| Rowspan="2"|1994
| ''[[Dilwale (1994 film)|Dilwale]]''
| Jyoti
|-
|''[[Khuddar]]''
|Jenny
|-
| 1995
| ''[[Akele Hum Akele Tum]]''
| Sunita
|-
| 1996
| ''[[Raja Hindustani]]''
| Kamal Singh / Kammo
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1996
| ''Ek Hasina Ek Nagina''
| Hasina
|-
|''[[Shohrat]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shohrat - Movie - - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=2787 |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>
|Shama
|-
| 1997
| ''[[Jeeo Shaan Se]]''
|
|-
| Rowspan="2"|1998
| ''[[2001: Do Hazaar Ek]]''
| Kajal
|-
|''[[Achanak (1998 film)|Achanak]]''<ref name=ITNavneet/>
|Anjali
|-
|Rowspan ="3"|1999
| ''[[Double Gadbad]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Double Gadbad (1999) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/double-gadbad-16194/cast-crew |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref>
|Roopvati Kapoor
|-
|''[[Jaanam Samjha Karo]]''
|
|-
|''[[Pyaar Koi Khel Nahin]]''
|Pratima
|-
|rowspan="3"|2000
| ''[[Mela (2000 film)|Mela]]''
| Bulbul
|rowspan="3"|2000
| ''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]''
| Nikki
|-
| ''[[Kya Kehna]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |author-link=Taran Adarsh |date=15 December 2000 |title=Kya Kehna Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kya-kehna/critic-review/kya-kehna-movie-review/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>
| Mrs. Modi
|-
| ''[[Hadh Kar Di Aapne]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Syed Firdaus |date=14 April 2000 |title=The detective and the damsel |url=https://rediff.com/movies/2000/apr/14hadh.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=9 February 2025 |quote=The trip to Europe is like a comedy of errors. There are three more couples -- Satish Kaushik and Navneet Nishan, Paresh Rawal and Tanaz Currim (strangely pairing that), Avtar Gill and Himani Shivpuri.}}</ref>
| Mrs. Choudhury
|-
|rowspan="2"|2001
| ''[[Tum Bin]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Arora |first=Pratiksha |date=12 July 2001 |title=Two's misery, three's love! |url=https://rediff.com/movies/2001/jul/12tum.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=9 February 2025}}</ref>
|Ayesha "Phuphu"
|-
|[[Chhupa Rustam (2001 film)|Chhupa Rustam]]<ref name=ITNavneet>{{cite magazine |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |author-link=Anupama Chopra |date=24 August 1998 |title=The lady's a vamp |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19980824-once-good-only-for-skin-and-sex-bollywood-women-villains-are-crucial-to-the-plot-today-826955-1998-06-23 |magazine=[[India Today]] |location=New Delhi |publisher=[[Living Media]] |access-date=8 February 2025 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208015036/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19980824-once-good-only-for-skin-and-sex-bollywood-women-villains-are-crucial-to-the-plot-today-826955-1998-06-23 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|Mrs Chinoyre
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Hadh Kar Di Aapne]]''
| Mrs Choudhury
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Waah! Tera Kya Kehna]]''
| Anju Oberoi
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Jee Aayan Nu]]''
| Kuldeep Grewal
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Aapko Pehle Bhi Kahin Dekha Hai]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Ronjita |date=10 January 2003 |title=What is a comedy without punch? |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/aapko/20030110.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=9 February 2025 |quote=Martin Short's hilarious performance as the French wedding planner is replaced by an irritating Navneet Nishan, who jars in her five-minute role.}}</ref>
| Jinni
|-
| rowspan="3"|2004
| ''[[Yeh Lamhe Judaai Ke]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |date=9 April 2004 |title=Yeh Lamhe Judaai Ke Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/yeh-lamhe-judaai-ke/critic-review/yeh-lamhe-judaai-ke-movie-review/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>
| Nisha
|-
| ''[[Asa Nu Maan Watna Da]]''
| Harbans Dhillon
|-
| ''[[Kaun Hai Jo Sapno Mein Aaya]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |date=13 August 2004 |title=Kaun Hai Jo Sapno Mein Aaya Movie Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kaun-hai-jo-sapno-mein-aaya/critic-review/kaun-hai-jo-sapno-mein-aaya-movie-review/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>
| Mrs. Kuldeep Khanna
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Mera Pind-My home]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2009
| ''[[Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |date=9 April 2004 |title=Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ajab-prem-ki-ghazab-kahani/critic-review/ajab-prem-ki-ghazab-kahani-movie-review/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>
| Mrs. Pinto
|-
| ''[[Raat Gayi Baat Gayi]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |author-link=Subhash K Jha |date=1 January 2010 |title=Subhash K Jha speaks about Raat Gayi Baat Gayi |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/subhash-k-jha-speaks-about-raat-gayi-baat-gayi/|website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>
| Jolly J. Saxena
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Ik Kudi Punjab Di]]''
|
|-
| 2010
| ''[[My Name is Khan]]''
| Rita Singh
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Always Kabhi Kabhi]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |date=17 June 2011 |title=Always Kabhi Kabi Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/always-kabhi-kabhi/critic-review/always-kabhi-kabhi-movie-review/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>
| Mrs. Dhawan
|-
| rowspan="2"|2013 || ''[[Saadi Love Story]]'' || Bhua ji
|-
| ''[[Matru Ki Bijlee Ka Mandola]]''
| Mrs. Talwar
|-
| 2013
| ''Ronde Saare Vyah Picho''
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Aa Gaye Munde U.K. De]]''
| Roopinder's Mother
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Qarib Qarib Singlle]]''
|Mrs. Saluja
|-
|2019
| ''[[Ardab Mutiyaran]]''
|Darshana Chadda
|-
|2023
|''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Seta |first=Fenil |date=12 August 2023 |title= Navneet Nishan talks about her Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani co-star Ranveer Singh: “Meeting him is like meeting an angel who has been sent by God”; also says “Shah Rukh Khan itna tangg karta tha sab ko. Yet, he was so lovable” |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-navneet-nishan-talks-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani-co-star-ranveer-singh-meeting-like-meeting-angel-sent-god-also-says-sha/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>
|Yashpal's mother
|-
|2025
|''[[Badass Ravi Kumar]]''<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=7 February 2025 |title=Badass Ravi Kumar Movie Review: BADASS RAVI KUMAR is thoroughly entertaining and thrives on sheer madness. |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/badass-ravi-kumar/critic-review/badass-ravi-kumar-movie-review/badass-ravi-kumar-is-thoroughly-entertaining-and-thrives-on-sheer-madness/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>
|Ravi's mother
|}

===Television===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Show
! Role
|-
| 1991
| ''Chanakya''
| Shonotra
|-
| 1993
| ''Zee Horror Show''
|
|-
| 1993–1997
| ''[[Tara (TV series)|Tara]]''<ref name=NavneetTara>{{cite magazine |last=Chandra |first=Anupama |author-link=Anupama Chopra |date=15 January 1995 |title=A Change of Art |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19950115-a-change-of-art-754338-1995-01-14 |magazine=India Today |location=New Delhi |publisher=Living Media |access-date=11 February 2025 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
| Tara
|-
| 1994–1999
|''Andaaz''<ref name=NavneetTara/>
| Urmila
|-
| 1997
| ''[[Dastaan (1995 TV series)|Dastaan]]''
| Neelam
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Main Anari Tu Anari]]''
|
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]''
| Hansmukhi
|-
| 2006–2007
| ''[[Kyaa Hoga Nimmo Kaa]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Jain |first=Priyanka |date=20 March 2006 |title=First Look: Ekta Kapoor's new soap |url=https://imworld.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/20look.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=9 February 2025}}</ref>
| Honey Buns
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Hitler Didi]]''<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=27 February 2012 |title=For the sake of humour |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120227/ttlife1.htm |work=[[Tribune India]] |location=Chandigarh |access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>
|Simi Diwan Chandela
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Madhubala Ek Ishq Ek Junoon]]''
| Sharda Devi "Pabbo"
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Shastri Sisters]]''
| Nikki
|-
| 2015
| ''[[The Great Indian Family Drama]]''
| Mohini
|-
| 2016–2017
| ''[[Dil Deke Dekho (TV series)|Dil Deke Dekho]]''
| Tulsi Chopra
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
|-
|2019
|''[[Coldd Lassi Aur Chicken Masala]]''
|Shaila
|-
|2023
|''[[Chamak (web series)|Chamak]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Nair |first=Sreehari |date=8 December 2023 |title=Chamak Review: Fast Forward To Isha Talwar |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/chamak-review/20231208.htm |website=Rediff.com |access-date=9 February 2025 |quote=Most Web series, for instance, can claim to have uniformly good performances (every actor in Chamak makes some sort of an impression though it ranges from Navneet Nishan who is criminally underused to Suvinder Vicky whose supposed greatness continues to evade me despite the slavish attention he is paid here).}}</ref>
|Rocky Aunty
|-
|2025
| Chamak The Conclusion
| Rocky
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0632634}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nishan, Navneet}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Law University

2025-12-06T11:47:06Z

Sahadathossain: creating the entry basic info.

{{Short description|Public university in India (2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox university
| image = Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Law University.png
| image_size = 200px
| name = Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Law University
| native_name =
| motto =
| type = [[National Law University]]
| city = [[Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coor = {{Coord|25.5264|81.8480|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| head_label = [[Visitor]]
| head = [[Manoj Misra|Justice Manoj Misra]]
| chairperson = [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]]
| chancellor = [[Chief Justice]] of [[Allahabad High Court]]
| vice_chancellor = [[Usha Tandon]]
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| campus = Residential
| website = {{URL|https://www.rpnlup.ac.in}}
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|2024}}
| affiliation = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[Bar Council of India|BCI]]
}}
'''Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Law University''', also known as '''RPNLU''' or '''NLU Prayagraj''' or '''NLU Allahabad''' is a [[public]] [[law school]] and a [[National Law University]] located in [[Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite news |title=RPNLU welcomes new students |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/rpnlu-welcomes-new-students/articleshow/110515584.cms |access-date=2024-06-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It is second [[National Law University]] established in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] after Lucknow's [[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University]].

==See also==
* [[Legal education in India]]
* [[List of law schools in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite web |last=Trend |first=Law |date=2024-02-16 |title=Inauguration of Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Law University by CJI DY Chandrachud and CM Yogi Adityanath |url=https://lawtrend.in/inauguration-of-dr-rajendra-prasad-national-law-university-by-cji-dy-chandrachud-and-cm-yogi-adityanath/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Law Trend |language=en-US}}*{{Cite web |last=More |first=Unnati |date=2024-02-14 |title=Tender floated for National Law University (NLU) Prayagraj |url=https://media.biltrax.com/tender-floated-for-national-law-university-nlu-prayagraj/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Biltrax Media, A Biltrax Group venture |language=en}}*{{Cite web |date=2024-01-20 |title=RPNLU BA LLB Admission 2024: Registration closes today; eligibility, documents required |url=https://news.careers360.com/rpnlu-ba-llb-admission-2024-clat-registration-closes-today-eligibility-documents-required |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Careers360}}*{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Ratna |date=2024-02-17 |title=CJI DY Chandrachud inaugurates NLU Prayagraj; urges University to have Hindi as medium of instruction |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/cji-dy-chandrachud-inaugurates-nlu-prayagraj-urges-university-hindi-medium-instruction |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}*{{Cite news |title=CJI DY Chandrachud to inaugurate law university today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/cji-dy-chandrachud-to-inaugurate-law-university-today/articleshow/107738705.cms |access-date=2024-06-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}*{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-02-16 |title=डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद नेशनल लॉ यूनिवर्सिटी का सीजेआई डीवाई चंद्रचूड़ और सीएम योगी ने किया उद्घाटन, 5 वर्षीय कोर्स की शुरुआत |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/dr-rajendra-prasad-national-law-university-inaugurated-by-cji-dy-chandrachud-and-cm-yogi-ups24021605669 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}*{{Cite web |last=Trend |first=Law |date=2024-02-16 |title=सीजेआई डीवाई चंद्रचूड़ और सीएम योगी आदित्यनाथ ने डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद नेशनल लॉ यूनिवर्सिटी का उद्घाटन किया |url=https://lawtrend.in/cji-chandrachud-cm-yogi-ne-law-university-ka-udghatan-kiya/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Law Trend |language=en-US}}*https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/up-budget-prayagraj-gets-rs-2-500-crore-for-mahakumbh-2025-preparations-101707129386633-amp.html*{{Cite web |last=Trend |first=Law |date=2024-05-30 |title=Pre-Orientation Day at National Law University Prayagraj |url=https://lawtrend.in/pre-orientation-day-at-national-law-university-prayagraj/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Law Trend |language=en-US}}

==External links==
* [https://www.rpnlup.ac.in Official website]

{{Autonomous law schools in India}}
{{Universities in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Prayagraj]]
[[Category:Universities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:National Law Universities]]
{{UttarPradesh-university-stub}}

Rachol Seminary

2025-11-29T08:29:08Z

Sahadathossain: Adding Post

{{Short description|Diocesan seminary in Rachol, Goa, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Rachol Seminary
| image_name = The Patriarchal Seminary of Rachol.jpg
| caption = [[Façade]] of the seminary, 2005
| motto = ''Luceas sicut luminare''
| established = {{start date and age|1609}}
| type = Major [[Seminary]]
| president =
| rector = Rev. Fr. Donato Rodrigues
| principal =
| students = 42
| city = [[Rachol]], [[Goa]]
| country = India
| coor = {{coord|15|18|36|N|74|0|5|E|type:edu}}
| campus = Urban
| affiliations =
| website = {{URL|racholseminarygoa.org}}
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Rachol Seminary''', also known as '''Patriarchal Seminary of Rachol''', is the [[Diocese|diocesan]] [[major seminary]] of the [[Primatial]] [[Catholic]] [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman|Archdiocese of Goa and Daman]] in [[Rachol]], [[Goa]], India.

==History==

The edifice that presently houses the [[seminary]] was constructed by the [[Jesuits]] with donations from the boy-king of Portugal, [[Dom Sebastião]], in the area occupied originally by a Muslim fortress.
[[File:Sementrance.jpg|thumbnail|The coat of arms of the King of Portugal at the entrance of the Seminary]] The foundation stone for the main quadrangular portion was blessed and laid on 1 November 1606 by Fr. Gaspar Soares. Three years later, on 31 October 1609, with the solemn celebration of the [[Vespers]], the “College of All Saints” ''(Colégio de Todos os Santos)'' was blessed and inaugurated.<ref>Amaro Pinto Lobo, Memoria Historico-Eclesiastica da Arquidiocese de Goa em
commemoracao do quadricentenario da sua ereccao Canonica, 1533-1933, Tip."A Voz de S.Francisco Xavier", Nova Goa, 1933, pg. 275</ref> Somewhere between 1622 and 1640, the name of the college was changed to "College of St. Ignatius" ''(Colégio de S. Inácio)''. The change was to pay homage to [[St. Ignatius of Loyola]], the founder of the [[Jesuit Order]], who had been canonized in 1622. The [[retable]] of the main altar of the Seminary Church testifies to this fact. The Seminary community still celebrates the feast of St. Ignatius, the titular of the Seminary Church, with a solemn high mass with [[Gregorian chant]]. [[Image:Pipeorgan.jpg|thumbnail|The Pipe organ on the choir loft of the Seminary Church]] This festivity is preceded by a [[novena]] of preparation for the locals around and a week-long Retreat (Spiritual Exercises) for the seminarians. The Seminary also possesses a 19th-century Pipeorgan, that is played during liturgical services.

The Jesuits controlled the college for a century and a half. Having begun as a school for the training of natives, it gradually adopted the curriculum for training Jesuits and later even secular priests from 1646.

In 1759, the Prime Minister of Portugal, [[Marquis de Pombal]] expelled the Jesuits from Goa. Their institutions and properties were confiscated by the state and the college was shut down.<ref>Carlos Merces de Melo, The Recruitment and formation of the Native Clergy in India, 16th to 19th century: An historico-canonical study - Agencia Geral do Ultramar, Lisboa,
1955, pg. 181ff.</ref> Three years later, in 1762, Archbishop-Primate Dom António Taveira da Neiva Brum e Silveira converted the abandoned College into the "Diocesan Seminary of the Good Shepherd" ''(Seminário do Bom Pastor)'' and placed it under the protection of the Infant Jesus. He entrusted to the native [[Oratory of Saint Philip Neri|Oratorian]] Congregation of St. Philip Neri the work of priestly training. This was the first diocesan seminary erected in Asia, after the order passed by the [[Council of Trent]] (1563–1578) that all those desiring to dedicate themselves to the ecclesiastical ministry as [[Diocese|diocesan]] ([[secular]]) [[clergy]] should pass through formation in a seminary. The retable of the altar of the internal Chapel of the seminary bears a picture of Jesus as the [[Good Shepherd]]. The Church, however, continued under the invocation of St. Ignatius of Loyola.
In 1774, the ruling Royal Treasury ''Junta'' of Goa abruptly suppressed the seminary on the pretext that certain conditions were not being fulfilled, the real reason being economic.<ref>{{cite web| year = 2017| url = http://www.archgoadaman.org/content/st-pauls-college-rachol-seminary| title = St. Paul's College, Rachol Seminary| publisher = Archdiocese of Goa and Daman| accessdate = April 27, 2017| url-status = dead| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130915032209/http://www.archgoadaman.org/content/st-pauls-college-rachol-seminary| archivedate = September 15, 2013| df = mdy-all}}</ref> In 1781, owing to a petition by the people of Salcete and the Municipality of Margao, the Court of Portugal ordered the seminary to be restored. The Municipality of Salcete financed the required repairs for the building. The college was thus reopened, and its management was entrusted to the Congregation of the Mission, popularly called [[Vincentian Family|Vincentians]] or [[Lazarists]]. At first, two Vincentian priests from the Convent of Rilhafolles, Portugal, were deputed at the instance of Queen Dona Maria I of Portugal. The seminary was also condecorated with the title of "Royal Seminary of Rachol" ''(Real Seminário de Rachol)''. Later, Vincentians from Italy also came to help in the administration of the seminary, bringing with them sacred relics and a [[vial]] containing the blood of a Roman [[saint]] and [[martyr]], St. Constantius. These relics are preserved in the seminary Church even today. The seminary operated until 1790, when it was closed down for three years, after the Vincentians left the seminary. In 1793, the Oratorians were again deputed to run the diocesan seminary. They continued their work for about forty-two years.

Bad days dawned once again for the seminary, when in 1835 all [[religious institute]]s were extinguished in Portugal and in all its possessions. Consequently, the Seminary was run by the diocesan clergy<ref>Amaro Pinto Lobo, Memoria Historico-Eclesiastica da Arquidiocese de Goa em commemoracao do quadricentenario da sua ereccao Canonica, 1533-1933, Tip."A
Voz de S.Francisco Xavier", Nova Goa, 1933, pg. 275-283</ref> and came to be simply known as ''Seminário de Rachol''.

In 1886, the Archbishop of Goa and Daman was bestowed the honorific title of [[Patriarch of the East Indies]]. Since then the seminary is known as the "Patriarchal Seminary of Rachol".

==Curriculum==

The curriculum of priestly formation began at a rudimentary level and gradually grew in subject matter. Archbishop-Primate Dom João Crisóstomo de Amorim Pessoa (1862–1874) and Archbishop-Patriarch Dom António Sebastião Valente (1882–1908) were the two Prelates who, in their own times, conducted an overhauling of the studies: Preparatory Course, Philosophy Course and Theology Course. Dom Valente made a few additions to the main edifice, such as a new wing with forty rooms, a library, a dormitory for the novices, an infirmary and a Chapel. This Prelate, who had the formation of seminarians very close to his heart, presented a new and updated ''Regulamento'' for the life in the seminary. The standard of studies in the seminary acquired such a height that [[Pope Leo XIII]], acceding to Archbishop-Patriarch Valente's exposition and request, by his Apostolic letter ''Quum Venerabilis Frater'', granted the Seminary the faculty of bestowing the academic degree of "Bachelor in Divinity". The requirements, as extant in the Apostolic Letter, were very strict. The Apostolic Letter, having obtained the royal pleasure ''(beneplacitum regium)'', was executed in Goa only in 1894. Since then up to 1931, when the faculty stood abolished by virtue of the Apostolic Constitution of [[Pope Pius XI]] ''Deus Scientiarum Dominus'', thirty-five priests were conferred the said degree.

During the tenure of Archbishop-Primate Manuel de S. Galdino (1812–1831), an additional preparatory course was established at Mapusa (North of Goa). To accommodate increasing number of Theology students, Archbishop-Patriarch Valente built a two-storey new wing between 1890 and 1894. The first floor contained forty single rooms and a dormitory and study hall for beginners, while the second floor contained a library hall. Other students, called ''externos'', were housed in rented cottages (''comensalidades'') under a Prefect of Discipline, from which they would commute to the Seminary for Mass and classes. With the setting up of the minor seminary of the Archdiocese at Saligão-Pilerne, from 1952 the additional Preparatory Course at Mapusa as well as the ''comensalidades'' at the Rachol Seminary ceased to exist. In 2002, a new Academic Block with some rooms, lecture halls and a spacious Auditorium over it was constructed.

At present the Seminary holds a three-year Philosophy Course, with concomitant graduation from the “Indira Gandhi National Open University”, Delhi (IGNOU). This is followed by a year of pastoral praxis in the parishes/institutions of the Archdiocese. The final phase is the four-year Theology Course. At the end of the Fourth Year of Theology, the students are ordained deacons. After further formation at the Pastoral Institute, and after exercising diaconal pastoral ministry in the parishes, they receive priestly ordination.

The Seminary of Rachol, with its motto LUCEAS SICUT LUMINARE, faithfully imparts holistic Catholic priestly formation to the aspiring candidates. Formation at the Seminary embraces the human, spiritual, academic and pastoral levels. Besides, there are several programmes organized on a regular basis in order to keep the young seminarians abreast with the realities of life and the needs of the Church. Institutions within the seminary, like the Literary and Cultural Association, the Catechetical Association, the Cell for Vocation Promotion, the St. Joseph's Outreach to aid the less fortunate, the Sports Association, etc. help the seminarians to put together their skills and cooperate with one another in various ventures. The choral society, established by Archbishop Valente, in 1897, known today as ''Coro de Santa Cecilia'' ([[Santa Cecilia Choir]]) provides the young students a rare opportunity to further their musical and choral talents for the glory of God. [[File:Semcyard.jpg|thumbnail|The cloister (courtyard) of the Seminary]] The seminarians are also shown how to love nature by active involvement in the agricultural activity of the seminary (paddy fields, vegetable gardens, fruit plants, flower gardens). Besides, the seminarians also visit prisons, slums, orphans, hospitals, senior citizens' homes, broken families and are involved in building Small Christian Communities in the vicinity of the parish of Rachol.

==Multi-faceted service==

This college has served the Church and humanity in varied ways. It was originally planned as a college for the education of the natives. It functioned as a Catechetical School for the training of catechumens, a hospital, an orphanage, a Primary School (in Portuguese), a Konkani School for the missionaries who came from Europe, a School of Catholic morality, before being finally erected into a seminary.

Since 1762, after the closure of the seminaries at [[Old Goa]] and [[Real Colégio de Educação de Chorão|Chorão Seminary]], Rachol Seminary has produced many priests. Ecclesiastics have spread the Gospel to several parts of the world, including Mozambique, Angola, Cabo Verde, Kenya, Tanzania, Venezuela, Canada, Sri-Lanka, Pakistan, Burma, and Japan. Missionaries from this Seminary have also been pioneers in establishing various local Churches in the different states of India. Several students of Rachol have been elevated to the episcopate. The group of priests who got together in 1888 to form the well known Indian-born “Society of the Missionaries of St. Francis Xavier”(Pilar Fathers), as well as those priests who revived the Society in 1930, themselves studied at the Rachol Seminary.

Rachol Seminary also had the distinction of housing a [[printing press]], the third one in Goa. It functioned for almost sixty years in the college in the 17th century. It brought forth sixteen books, the chief ones among them being the ''[[Krista Purana]]'', a Konkani-Marathi discourse in verse of the history of salvation, written in the style of the [[Hindu]] [[Puranas]]; [[Doutrina Christam em Lingoa Bramana Canarim]], a [[catechism]] in Konkani and [[Arte da lingoa Canarim]], the first printed Konkani grammar. With the closure of the printing press at the college, the printing activity in Goa ceased, to reappear only in 1821, when the government of Goa imported a printing press from Bombay in order to publish the official weekly “Gazeta de Goa.”
The corridors and walls of the Seminary are adorned with many valuable and rare frescos and paintings, many of which have suffered the ravages of time. Among these works of art, the paintings (copies) of the celebrated Goan artist [[Angelo da Fonseca]], student of [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and pioneer in Indian [[Christian art]], are worth mentioning.

Rachol has also produced historians, writers, grammarians, scientists, scholars, pastors, parliamentarians and university professors. Among the latter we can single out the saintly and very popular Ven. Fr. Agnelo Gustavo Adolfo de Souza, sfx, (Padr Agnel) who underwent his priestly formation and was ordained at the Rachol Seminary. He later joined the Society of St. Francis Xavier (Pilar Society), and spent the last 10 years of his life as Confessor and Spiritual Director of the seminarians at Rachol. Fr. [[Thomas Stephens (Jesuit)|Thomas Stephens]] (Konkani and Marathi writer), Francisco de Souza (author of ''Oriente Conquistado''), Msgr. Rudolfo Sebastião [[Dalgado]] (Konkani writer and scholar, known as the God-father of the Konkani language), Fr. Antonio Francisco Souza (Science writer and thinker) are some of the well-known personalities associated with Rachol Seminary, either as staff or students. [[Swami Vivekananda]] is said to have made several trips to the seminary, from [[Margao]], where he had put up during his visit to Goa in 1892. He consulted the library at Rachol and discussed Christian theology and spirituality with the Professors of the seminary. This visit of [[Vivekananda]] to Rachol was in preparation for his famous address at the [[Parliament of World Religions]] in Chicago (11 to 27 September 1893), where [[Vivekananda]] represented India and Hinduism.

==IV Centenary Jubilee Celebrations==
[[File:4cent.jpg|thumbnail|The Santa Cecilia Choir in Concert (at Bom Jesus Basilica) at the closing of the IV Centenary Jubilee celebrations]]
On 1 November 2010, the Archbishop-Patriarch of [[Goa]] and Daman, Most. Rev. [[Filipe Neri Ferrão]] opened the IV centenary Jubilee celebrations with a solemn high mass. A series of programs were organized all through the year. Some of the main events were: a spiritual Retreat; an Essay Competition for seminarians all over India; a 4-day long International Seminar convened by Dr. Victor Ferrão on [[Science and Religion]] focusing on "Catholicity in the World of Science"; Bible sessions for the laity; lenten Retreat for the neighbouring faithful; Seminars for Catechists of the surrounding parishes; a Konkani Seminar ''Amchem Daiz'' on the contribution of Rachol to Konkani literature; a Konkani play ''Panz'', by the noted Konkani writer Pundalik Naik; an English operetta ''Be the Moon'', libreto by Fr. Simião Fernandes and music by Fr. Romeo Monteiro, on the heroic life of the saintly Goan priest and Apostle of Sri Lanka [[Joseph Vaz]] (canonised by Pope Francis in 2015); and an all-Goa level Football Tournament for Altar Boys. A grand Concert of [[Sacred Music]], featuring 150 musicians and singers, presented by the [[Santa Cecilia Choir]] of the Seminary with the involvement of ex-students and laity and conducted by Rev. Romeo Monteiro, Professor of Music at the Seminary, on 11 April 2011, brought the curtains down on the jubilee celebrations. The chorus of ''Te Deum laudamus'', sung by those gathered in the [[Basilica of Bom Jesus]], Old Goa, was executed as finale of thanksgiving to the Most Holy Trinity for the 400 years of service that Rachol has rendered to the Church in Goa and to humanity at large.

==See also==

* [[Real Colégio de Educação de Chorão|Chorão Seminary]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rachol Seminary}}
[[Category:Christian seminaries and theological colleges in India]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Goa]]
[[Category:Colonial Goa]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in the 1600s]]
[[Category:1609 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1600s establishments in Portuguese India]]
[[Category:Baroque architecture in India]]
[[Category:Portuguese colonial architecture in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Goa]]
[[Category:Churches in South Goa district]]
[[Category:Seminaries and theological colleges in India]]
[[Category:Christian seminaries and theological colleges|India]]

Nano Ganesh

2025-11-19T18:05:46Z

Sahadathossain: reworked details further and fixed typos for accuracy

{{Short description|Type of automated irrigation system}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}

'''Nano Ganesh''' is an irrigation automation system that allows farmers to use mobile phones to remotely control [[irrigation]] pumps. It is a hardware device that attaches to a starter/water pump set.

== History ==
The development in India of various wireless remote controllers began in 1996. Santosh Ostwal, an electrical engineer founded Ossian Agro Automation in [[Pune]].<ref name="Times">{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Moinak |last2=Mahanta |first2=Vinod |date=2009-03-27 |title=Indian entrepreneurs winning global awards for breakthrough innovations |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4321400.cms |access-date=2009-08-08 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> The application initially supported basic mobile phones and later built-in [[GSM]] modules named Nano Ganesh GSM.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://nanoganesh.com/|title=Welcome To Our Website … |publisher=Ossian Group|website=NanoGanesh.com|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> Approximately 60,000 farmers in [[India]] have been using Nano Ganesh since 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/nano-ganesh-how-mobile-phone-tech-helped-400000-maharashtra-farmers-water-plants-remotely/501101/|title=Nano Ganesh: How mobile phone tech helped 400,000 Maharashtra farmers water plants remotely|date=2017-01-09|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/a-new-avatar/articleshow/62493371.cms|title=A new avatar|last=Khan|first=Ashwin|date=14 Jan 2018|website=Pune Mirror|language=en|access-date=2019-10-08|archive-date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008160551/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/a-new-avatar/articleshow/62493371.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> In mid-2009, it was tested in [[Anand district]] in [[Gujarat]] in partnership with [[Tata Teleservices]].<ref name="Computerworld">{{Cite web|url=http://news.idg.no/cw/art.cfm?id=A71268C4-1A64-6A71-CE89CFB5780E79FB|first=John|last=Ribeiro|date=2009-07-23|title=Indian farmers use mobile phones to control irrigation|website=IDG News Service|access-date=2019-10-08|archive-date=2011-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722110145/http://news.idg.no/cw/art.cfm?id=A71268C4-1A64-6A71-CE89CFB5780E79FB|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BusinessLine">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2009/07/11/stories/2009071152160100.htm|title=Soon farmers can control irrigation with a cell phone|last=Pandit|first=Virendra|date=2009-07-11|work=Business Line|access-date=2009-08-08}}</ref> Later, it was enhanced to operate on any basic mobile phone. In 2014, Ossian further upgraded the technology as Nano Ganesh M2M to monitor the water level of overhead water tanks and remotely control the water pump as per the lower and overflow levels of water in the tanks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Nano-Ganesh-alerts-to-curb-waste/articleshow/48949609.cms|title=Nano Ganesh alerts to curb waste|last=Pandit|first=Shiladitya|date=14 September 2015|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref>

==Usage==
In some parts of India, farmers have to walk several kilometers to turn on the irrigation pumps that water their fields. With the electrical supply often erratic, they sometimes have no electricity when they reach the pump. Nano Ganesh allows them to remotely check the availability of electricity, and to remotely turn the pump on and off.<ref name="Computerworld"/> It helps the farmers to easily access the water pumps avoiding travel over difficult terrain, bad weather, and hazards.<ref name="Ossian">{{cite web|url=http://www.nanoganesh.com/html/nano%20ganesh%20-%20product.html |title=Nano Ganesh |work=Ossian Agro Automation website |access-date=2009-08-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710004720/http://www.nanoganesh.com/html/nano%20ganesh%20-%20product.html |archive-date=10 July 2009 }}</ref> It also means growers don't have to wake up in the middle of the night, which is often the time electricity is available, to go to their fields.<ref name="TimesofIndia">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Pune/A_Nano_to_make_farmers_life_easier/articleshow/4090475.cms|title=A Nano to make farmers' life easier|last=Athavale|first=Dileep|date=2009-02-07|work=Times of India|access-date=2009-08-08}}</ref>

==Specifications==
The application combines a modem with a basic mobile connection and a [[feature phone]] that attaches to the starter on the irrigation pump (Latest models do not eliminate the feature phone). Using the mobile phone, the farmer can switch on or off the water pump by text message or dialing assigned code numbers for on and off. It provides acknowledges the status of the power or pump by particular tone signals and texts.<ref name=":0" />

Another version is M2M based in which preset water levels in the overhead tanks are sensed by magnetic float sensors whose signals are passed to the GSM transmitter that sends wireless information on water levels to the mobile phone. This allows the water operator to avoid climbing up the overhead tanks to check water levels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Industrial Automation|date=October 2015|title=Mobile and wireless monitoring of water tanks in rural water supply systems.|url=http://www.nanoganesh.com/Download_Files/Industrial%20Automation%20.pdf|journal=Industrial Automation}}</ref> Another Nano Ganesh modem can alert the owner about an attempt to steal the modem, cable, or the pump.<ref>{{Cite report|date=March 2015|title=Agricultural machine-to-machine (Agri M2M): a platform for xpansion|url=https://www.gsmaintelligence.com/research/?file=9186f77efc0a47fe7f127d79d789c64c&download|publisher=GSMA Intelligence|pages=15–16}}</ref>

==Recognition==

* Grand Prize winner in [[Nokia]]'s Calling All Innovators contest in [[emerging market]] category.<ref name="ZeeNews">{{cite news|url=http://www.zeenews.com/business/ice-economy/2009-02-18/508601news.html|title=Nano Ganesh named winner in Nokia's Global Calling All Innovators competition|date=2009-02-18|work=Zee News|access-date=2009-08-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402144629/http://www.zeenews.com/business/ice-economy/2009-02-18/508601news.html|archive-date=2009-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://conversations.nokia.com/2009/02/18/calling-all-innovators-the-winners/|title=Calling all Innovators - the winners!|date=2009-02-18|work=Nokia website|access-date=2009-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217202938/http://conversations.nokia.com/2009/02/18/calling-all-innovators-the-winners/|archive-date=2012-02-17|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Nominated for the Global Mobile Awards announced by GSMA, London for the best mobile application in the world in Social-Economic category.<ref name=":0" />
* Winner of DST Lockheed-Martin IIGP 2011 program.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.indiainnovates.in/list-selected/2011/final_28thApril_winners.pdf | title=DST-Lockheed Martin IIGP 2011 - Winners | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904230803/http://indiainnovates.in/list-selected/2011/final_28thApril_winners.pdf | archive-date=4 September 2011 }}</ref>
* Laureate in the Economic Development category for 2011, by [[The Tech Awards]] at the Tech Museum at San Jose, CA, USA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.appliedmaterials.com/company/news/press-releases/2011/09/the-tech-awards-presented-by-applied-materials-in-association-with-santa-clara-university-will-honor-15-laureates-for-using-technology-to-benefit-humanity|title=The Tech Awards, Presented by Applied Materials in Association with Santa Clara University, Will Honor 15 Laureates for Using Technology to Benefit Humanity|date=15 September 2011|website=Applied Materials|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref>
* One of seven Information and Communication Tools for agriculture and rural development selected y United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization ([[Food and Agriculture Organization|UNFAO]]). (2015)<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last=Sylvester|editor-first=Gerard|date=2015|title=Success Stories on Information and Communication Technologies for Agriculture and Rural Development|url=https://www.fao.org/3/a-i4622e.pdf|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok|first=Santosh|last=Ostwal|chapter=Case Study 7: Nano Ganesh – a revolutionary ICT tool for farm irrigation|pages=79–94|isbn=978-92-5-108774-9}}</ref>
* Demonstrated in the Innovation City in M4D section of [[Mobile World Congress]] organized by [[GSMA]] at Barcelona, Spain (2017).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/programme/mobile-for-development/day-life-rural-communities-bringing-m4d-innovation-mobile-world-congress/|title=A day in the life of rural communities: bringing M4D innovation to Mobile World Congress|date=2017-03-16|website=Mobile for Development|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref>
* One of fourteen digital initiatives recognized for empowering the low income population by [[UNESCO]]-Pearson.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pearson.com/corporate/news/media/news-announcements/2017/05/unesco-and-pearson-announce-partnership-to-promote-inclusive-dig.html|title=UNESCO and Pearson announce partnership to promote inclusive digital technology solutions for improved livelihoods|website=www.pearson.com|language=en|access-date=2019-10-08|archive-date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008131702/https://www.pearson.com/corporate/news/media/news-announcements/2017/05/unesco-and-pearson-announce-partnership-to-promote-inclusive-dig.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260599 |title=Nano Ganesh: case study by UNESCO-Pearson Initiative for Literacy |website=unesdoc.unesco.org|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{portal-inline|Agriculture and Agronomy}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.nanoganesh.com/ Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120217202938/http://conversations.nokia.com/2009/02/18/calling-all-innovators-the-winners/ Nokia Calling All Innovators awards]

[[Category:Modems]]
[[Category:Irrigation in India]]
[[Category:Science and technology in India]]
[[Category:Tata Teleservices]]

Chackoyum Maryyum

2025-11-07T11:40:00Z

Sahadathossain: creating the data and citations

{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name =
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Soap opera]]
| creator = Murali Nellanadu
| developer =
| writer = Murali Nellanadu
| director = [[Niju Soman]]
| creative_director = Sajeendran Thamaraserry
| presenter =
| starring =
| opentheme = Rajeev Attukal
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 261
| executive_producer = Dileep Shukoor
| producer = NIL
| cinematography = Alok Adik
| editor = Kapil
| camera = Surya Vision
| runtime = 20–22 minutes
| network = [[Mazhavil Manorama]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2019|10|21|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2020|12|04|df=y}}
| related =
}}
'''''Chackoyum Maryyum''''' ({{Langx|ml|ചാക്കോയും മേരിയും|4=Chacko And Mary}}) is an Indian Malayalam television series being premiered on [[Mazhavil Manorama]] since 21 October 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/a-new-tv-show-based-on-murali-nellanadus-novel-to-launch-soon/articleshow/71688488.cms|title=A new TV show based on Murali Nellanadu's novel to launch soon - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 October 2019 }}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The life of Kuriachan, who lives with his wife and children, takes a drastic turn when Rajalakshmi entrusts him with Chacko, her illegitimate son. He is the son of Raja Lakshmi and her secret boyfriend. Right before her wedding, Raja Lakshmi requests her childhood friend Kuriyachan to take care Chakko for some time. Kuriyachan, who is the father of three kids, agrees to take care of the baby boy. Gradually, Kuriyachan realises that he was tricked by Raja Lakshmi and ended up being the caretaker of little Chakko.

==Cast==
;Lead Cast
*Akash Mahesh / Sajin John as Chacko
**Illegitimate son of Rajalekshmi and Gautam, raised by Kuriachan and Alice
*VK Baiju as Kuriachan
**Foster father of Chacko
*[[Monisha Arshak]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/photo-gallery/cinema/chackoyum-maryyum-fame-monishas-latest-photos-viral-on-instagram/photoshow/76709971.cms|title=നാടൻ ലുക്കിന് ബൈ ബൈ; മോഡേൺ ഡ്രസ്സിൽ കിടിലൻ ചിത്രങ്ങളുമായി മോനിഷ!}}</ref> as Neelambari
**Care taker and lover of Chacko
*[[Neena Kurup]] as Alice
**Kuriachan's wife
*Aparnadevi as Mary
*Neerada Sheen as Sandra IPS
*[[Neelima Rani]] / [[Devi Ajith]] as Rajalekshmi
**Chacko's biological mother
*Mithun as Xavier
**Elder Son of Kuriachan and Alice
*[[Archana Suseelan]] as Jiny
**Xavier's wife
*Ajoobsha as Sunny
**Younger son of Kuriachan and Alice
*[[Balachandran Chullikkadu]] as Sharmaji
**Rajalakshmi's right-hand man
*[[Joemon Joshy]] as Alen
** Elsa's College Lecturer
; Recurring Cast
*_______ as Mariya
*Chilanka S Deedu as Elsa
*Tony as Adv.Mohanachandran
*Vijayalakshmi
*[[Rajesh Hebbar]] as Chandrasenan
*Bindu Ramakrishnan as Chandrasenan's mother
*Divya M Nair as Treesa
*Rohit as Gautam
*[[Rajendran|E.K.Rajendran]] as Varkkichan
*Kottayam Manju as Lissy
*_____ as Baby
*Anzil Rehman as Jomy
*Deepika Mohan as Sreedevi (Rajalakshmi's Mother)
*Saniya Babu as Elsa
*Amith as Aravindan
*_____ as Gayathri
*Harisree Martin as Street singer
*Jolly Easow as Aalungal Ammachi (Cathrine Amma)
*Lissy Jose as Tresia Chedathi
*____ as Xavier
*[[Santhakumari (Malayalam actress)|Santhakumari]] as Eliyamma
*Sajna Firoz
*Baby Megha Mahesh as Sara

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]
[[Category:Mazhavil Manorama original programming]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series endings]]

Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy

2025-10-31T18:02:51Z

Sahadathossain: creating some entry w/ sources.

{{Short description|Economic think-tank and a business information company in Mumbai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| logo = File:Centre_for_Monitoring_Indian_Economy_Logo.jpeg
| founded = {{start date and age|df=yes|1976|04|13}}
| founder = Narottam Shah
| key_people = Mahesh Vyas
| hq_location_city = [[Mumbai]]
| hq_location_country = India
| website = {{url|https://www.cmie.com}}
}}

The '''Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy''' ('''CMIE''') is an independent private limited entity that serves both as an economic [[Think tank|think-tank]] as well as a [[business information]] company. CMIE research group has built databases on the [[Economy of India|Indian economy]] and [[Privately held company|private companies]]. CMIE provides this information in the form of databases and research reports via a subscription-based business model. It is [[Headquarters|headquartered]] in [[Mumbai]], with additional offices in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Publications |url=https://crl.du.ac.in/Publication/E-Resources%20in%20Public%20Domain-Final/Economics/Economics%20India/CMIE.htm |publisher=Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Pvt. Ltd. |access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bloomberg Profile: Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Pvt Ltd |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1623729D:IN |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref>

==History==
CMIE was founded by Narottam Shah on 13 April 1976.<ref name=Founder>{{cite web |title=CMIE |url=https://www.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?kall=wcontact&page=founder |website=www.cmie.com |access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref> It began as an information organisation cum Think Tank that helped the business community gain access to economic data and to understand the underlying trends. The company ran a service called Economic Intelligence Service<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-06-05|title=Mergers and Acquisitions by MNEs|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2000/32/special-articles/mergers-and-acquisitions-mnes.html|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|language=en|pages=7–8}}</ref> which delivered a set of documents every 5th of the month. Economic Intelligence Service delivered mostly statistics from hundreds of official documents. It presented these with useful pithy observations of the trends which reflected Shah's studious understanding of the Indian economy. The service included a Monthly Review of the Indian Economy and reference volumes such as Basic Statistics Relating to Indian Economy I & II and Key Financial Data of Larger Business Units and special occasional documents such as Profiles of Districts<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Banerjee|first=Sarmila|last2=Ray|first2=Samik|date=1998|title=On Construction of District Development Index in West Bengal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4407412|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=33|issue=47/48|pages=3019–3026|issn=0012-9976}}</ref> and Shape of Things to Come. The service was famous for punctuality and reliability. Narottam Shah died on 23 March 1984<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-06-05|title=OBITUARY-Narottam Shah|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/1984/13/our-correspondent-columns/obituary-narottam-shah.html|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|language=en|volume=19|issue=13|pages=7–8}}</ref> Eventually, the Economic Intelligence Service was phased out. But, CMIE continues to retain two main characteristics of Shah's CMIE – delivering long normalised time-series data and always being updated with the latest available data in its new deliveries.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

Prof D T Lakdawala,<ref>{{Citation|title=D. T. Lakdawala|date=2020-06-12|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D._T._Lakdawala&oldid=962207388|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2021-06-25}}</ref> Narottam Shah's [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph D guide]] took over as Director of CMIE after the sudden death of Shah. CMIE started undergoing a gradual change in the early 1990s. It had transformed itself into a private limited company owned entirely by the immediate family members of Shah. The company continues to be a family owned enterprise with shares held entirely by the four children of Narottam Shah.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CMIE|url=https://www.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?kall=wapps&tabno=7030&page=about_us|access-date=2021-06-25|website=www.cmie.com}}</ref>

Narottam Shah's son, Ajay Shah,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. (Dr.) Ajay Shah -|url=https://jgu.edu.in/jgbs/faculty/prof-dr-ajay-shah/|access-date=2021-06-27|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Ajay Shah|url=https://ccs.in/people/ajay-shah|access-date=2021-06-27|website=Centre For Civil Society|language=en}}</ref> an IIT-B alumni and a Ph D in economics from USC, LA took over the Directorship of CMIE in the early to mid-1990s. After a few years at CMIE he moved on to a career in academics and public policy work in IGIDR and then Ministry of Finance. Mahesh Vyas took over as managing director and CEO of CMIE in 1996.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

In the 1990s, CMIE transformed itself into a database services company.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CMIE|url=https://www.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?kall=wcontact&page=about_us|access-date=2021-06-27|website=www.cmie.com}}</ref> The foundations of creating [[database]] were established by Narottam Shah in 1984 just before his death. Ajay Shah played a pivotal role in strengthening that foundation. CMIE became an early user of UNIX-based systems, an early adopter of internet connectivity in the late 1980s / early 1990s thanks to his efforts and his connections with IIT-B. Ajay Shah continues to be on the board of CMIE. But, he has not been involved in the day-to-day management of the company since he left the company in 1996.

CMIE has evolved substantially since those early days, under the directorship of Mahesh Vyas. It is currently headed by Mahesh Vyas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tendulkar |first1=Reema |title=Unemployment rate declining or not growing: CMIE's Mahesh Vyas |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/economy/unemployment-rate-declining-or-not-growing-cmies-mahesh-vyas-8470861.htm |access-date=21 May 2021 |work=[[CNBC TV18]] |date=2 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Inamdar |first1=Tamanna |title=Understanding Unemployment With Mahesh Vyas, CMIE: India Development Debate |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/et-now/shows/understanding-unemployment-with-mahesh-vyas-cmie-india-development-debate/91341 |access-date=21 May 2021 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=5 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==Research focus==
CMIE's focuses on the Indian economy, industries, states, agriculture, foreign exchange, and businesses, as well as global economies. National accounts figures, public finance statistics, money controls, and balance of payments statistics are all included in the firm's macroeconomic database. ''Market beacon'' is a database of macroeconomic time series, and ''International economics'' is a database of macroeconomic time series data on individual countries. Industry analysis is provided by the firms' ''sectoral services'', which covers the manufacturing and service sectors. Its monthly state-level overview examines recent economic developments in each state, including agriculture, public distribution, infrastructure, electricity, manufacturing, investments, rates, tourism, and public finance. Competitor monitoring, analytical company reports, content delivery, spot commodity price polling, and the collection of industry statistics are also offered.<ref>{{cite web |title=Company Profile: Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Pvt. Ltd. (CMIE) |url=http://itt.nissat.tripod.com/itt95023/cmie.htm |website=itt.nissat.tripod.com |access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Centre For Monitoring Indian Economy Pvt. Ltd., Investment Management Firms in India (IN): Aurigin |url=https://www.aurigininc.com/c/Centre-For-Monitoring-Indian-Economy-Pvt-Ltd/India/ojJ1sp |website=www.aurigininc.com |access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref>

According to CMIE, India has never tracked and published monthly, quarterly or yearly [[employment]] and [[unemployment]] data for its people. This may have been a political convenience, states Mahesh Vyas, as "no measurements means there are no [political] arguments" about unemployment in India. CMIE, a non-government private entity, started to survey and publish monthly unemployment data for the first time in Indian history in 2016. Its [[data collection]] methodology and reports differ from those published by the NSSO.<ref>[https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/nyay-works-against-jobs-119040100645_1.html NYAY works against jobs], Mahesh Vyas, Business Standard (1 April 2019); for its methodology see [https://consumerpyramidsdx.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?kall=wtabnav&tab=4010&type=10&sid=10/ Unemployment], CMIE, Mumbai (2019)</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Seth Sharma |first1=Yogima |title=Unemployment rises to 14.5% in May, highest since last year's lockdown |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/unemployment-rises-to-14-5-in-may-highest-since-last-years-lockdown/articleshow/82796137.cms |access-date=21 May 2021 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=21 May 2021}}</ref>

== Primary and secondary databases ==
In the late 1980s, CMIE started building proprietary primary databases. It began with a database of the performance of enterprises operating in India. The foundation of this effort was laid by Narottam Shah. But, the operations scaled up substantially in the 1990s as the business databases industry grew rapidly and became intensely competitive. Market forces shook CMIE's hitherto monopolistic pace.

CMIE's first foray into offering its enterprises database – CIMM ([https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.magnetic_media_online_inc.79df18ebad1328a7195cd36c357c4ef1.html Corporate Information on Magnetic Media]) in the late 1980s<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vyasamoorthy|first=P.|date=1995|title=Database Industry in India: A Current Scenario|url=https://publications.drdo.gov.in/ojs/index.php/djlit/article/view/3190|journal=DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology|language=en|volume=15|issue=4|doi=10.14429/djlit.15.4.3190|issn=0976-4658}}</ref> was quickly beaten by competition in the early 1990s. CMIE relaunched the database in the late 1990s, re-christened as Prowess and regained a leadership in a highly fragmented market for databases on enterprises.

Prowess contains data on the financial performance of companies for over fifty thousand companies. Prowess is a database base of the profit and loss statements, [[balance sheet]], financial ratios, shareholding pattern, board of directors, equity prices and total returns and other market-based ratios. Prowess is a standardised database with trace-back to original values and has a long time-series from 1990. Prowess is the largest database of standardised information and with the longest time-series. The database is delivered in the form of multiple services. ProwessIQ is a querying packaging of the data, PACE is for credit evaluation and ProwessDX is for research applications.

The second proprietary database from CMIE is CapEx which tracks the life cycle of new investment projects from their announcement through their conclusion. CapEx was launched in 1997 but has its antecedents in CMIE's Shape of Things to Come compilation created by DJ Unakar in the 1970s.

CMIE started work on creating a database of the wellbeing of households in 2006. The sample, execution machinery and delivery were completely revamped in 2012 and 2013. The work, Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CPHS), is India's largest panel survey of households. The sample size is 176,600 households. The full sample is surveyed in Waves lasting 4 months each. This is a continuous household survey since January 2014. CMIE had conducted 22 Waves since then, as of June 2021. CPHS collects data on household member details such as age, gender, religion, caste, education, occupation, employment status, [[financial inclusion]] and income. For the household as a whole it collects data on household income, consumption expenditure, amenities and ownership of assets. CPHS is the brainchild of Mahesh Vyas. CMIE makes the anonymised unit level data from CPHS available to researchers.

CMIE's primary databases have focused on the demand side of the Indian economy.<ref>{{Citation|title=E44: When Sherlock looked at the Indian Economic data with Mahesh Vyas, MD & CEO of CMIE|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mQgexxy2nM|language=en|access-date=2021-06-29}}</ref>

CMIE has built very very long time-series based on official data. These can be classified as its secondary databases. These are built by drawing upon data presented periodically by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, by economic ministries, RBI, stock exchanges and other credible and reliable sources.

The secondary databases also include derivative databases from CMIE's own primary databases. Aggregates from Prowess, CapEx and CPHS.

Collectively, perhaps, CMIE is the largest depository of data on the World economy in India. {{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official|https://www.cmie.com}}
*[https://crl.du.ac.in/Publication/E-Resources%20in%20Public%20Domain-Final/Economics/Economics%20India/CMIE.htm Publications]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1976 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1976]]
[[Category:Political and economic think tanks based in India]]
[[Category:India-focused think tanks]]
[[Category:Financial services companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Economic research institutes]]
[[Category:Financial news agencies]]

Manu (para athlete)

2025-10-18T15:05:56Z

Sahadathossain: Added a post!

{{Short description|Indian para athlete}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| nationality =
| sport = [[Paralympic athletics]]
|disability =
|disability_class =
| event =
| club =
| coach =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|2|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jind]], [[Haryana]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| retired=
| height =
| weight =
| pb =
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalCountry|{{flagu|India}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Para Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Asian Para Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Shot put F37]]}}
}}

'''Manu''' (born 28 February 1999) is an Indian para athlete who competes in [[shot put]] event.<ref name=":0">{{cite web | title=Manu | work=[[Paris 2024 Paralympics]] | url=https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024-paralympics/athlete/-manu_1991403 | access-date=2024-08-28}}</ref> He qualified to represent [[India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]] at [[Paris]]. He competed in the men's shot put F37 category at the Paralympics<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-08-14 |title=India at Paris Paralympics 2024: Complete list of 84 athletes at Paralympic Games |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/olympics/paris-paralympics-2024/news/paris-2024-india-paralympics-contingent-full-list-of-84-indian-athletes-qualified-sports-ministry-paralympic-games-news/article68512627.ece |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-28 |title=Indian athletes for Paris Paralympics 2024: Full list of players with event details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/paris-paralympics/indian-contingent-for-paris-paralympics-2024-full-list-of-players-with-event-details/articleshow/112854132.cms |access-date=2024-08-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and finished sixth with a 13.86m throw.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-08-30 |title=2024 Paris Paralympics: Manu finishes 6th in shot put F37 event |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/olympics/2024-paris-paralympics-manu-finishes-6th-in-shot-put-f37-event/article68588274.ece#:~:text=Manu's%204th%20attempt%20shines%20in,6th%20with%2013.86m%20throw&text=India's%20Manu%20finished%20sixth%20in,came%20from%20his%20fourth%20attempt. |access-date=2024-09-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Career ==
Manu represented India at the [[2022 Asian Para Games]] at [[Hangzhou, China]] and won a bronze medal in the shot put F37 category.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-28 |title=India win 111 medals at Para Asian Games, here's every medal winner of the record-breaking campaign |url=https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/38759315/100-asian-para-games-medals-india-every-medal-winner-record-breaking-campaign |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-27 |title=Manu Wins Bronze Medal in Men's Shot Put F37 Event at Asian Para Games 2023 {{!}} 🏆 LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/sports/manu-wins-bronze-medal-in-mens-shot-put-f37-event-at-asian-para-games-2023-5518385.html |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, he represented India at the World Championship in [[Kobe]], Japan where he finished 8th.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manu}}
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Athletes from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Jind]]
[[Category:Indian men shot putters]]
[[Category:Paralympic athletes for India]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games medalists in athletics (track and field)]]

N. Kesava Panikkar

2025-09-24T23:10:35Z

Sahadathossain: Added new data

{{short description|Indian zoologist (1913–1977)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nedumangattu Kesava Panikkar
| image = Kasava panickar-2.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = N. Kesava Panikkar
| birth_date = {{birth-date|17 May 1913}}
| birth_place = Kerala, India
| death_date = {{death-date and age|24 June 1977|17 May 1913}}
| death_place = Tiruvanathpuram, India
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Zoologist
| yearsactive =
| known for = Marine biological research
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] Galathea Medal of Denmark ZSI Sir Dorabji Tata Medal [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] Chandrakala Hora Medal
}}

'''Nedumangattu Kesava Panikkar''' (1913–1977<ref>{{cite web|url=http://insaindia.org/BM/BM6_7911.pdf|access-date=1 May 2016|title=NEDUMANGATTU KESAVA PANIKKAR}}</ref>) was an Indian zoologist, a former director of the [[Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute]],<ref name="Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute">{{cite web | url=http://www.cmfri.org.in/former-directors.html | title=Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute | publisher=Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute | date=2015 | access-date=6 June 2015}}</ref> a former adviser to the [[Government of India]] on fishery development and a former vice chancellor of the [[Cochin University of Science and Technology]].<ref name="Deceased Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://www.insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N520544 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813012915/http://www.insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N520544 | url-status=usurped | archive-date=13 August 2016 | title=Deceased Fellow | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2015 | access-date=6 June 2015}}</ref> He was a recipient of the Indian civilian award of [[Padma Shri]] in 1973.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Shri | publisher=Padma Shri | date=2015 | access-date=11 November 2014 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Life sketch==
Panikkar was born 17 May 1913 in Kottayam, Kerala. He was the only son of his parents Sankunni Menon and JJanaki. His father was a Headmaster of a Government High School in [[Travancore State]]. Panikkar did his primary, secondary and initial college education from C. M. S. College, Kottayam. A doctoral degree (DSc) holder from the [[University of Madras]], he was reported to have undertaken research on marine organisms,<ref name="Studies on Brackish Water">{{cite web | url=http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/263526.pdf | title=Studies on Brackish Water | publisher=Zoological Society of London | date=1938 | access-date=6 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606230906/http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/263526.pdf | archive-date=6 June 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> conducted 22 voyages in the Indian Ocean for collecting specimens<ref name="On the Metamorphosis of Two Leptocephali from the Madras Plankton">{{cite journal | url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF03048783#page-1 | title=On the Metamorphosis of Two Leptocephali from the Madras Plankton | journal=Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B | volume=25 | issue=1 | pages=1–14 | date=1946 | access-date=6 June 2015| doi=10.1007/BF03048783 | last1=Nair | first1=R. Velappan | s2cid=198143555 | url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Placentation in the Sea Snake">{{cite journal | url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF03050555#page-1 | title=Placentation in the Sea Snake | journal=Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B | volume=34 | issue=1 | pages=1–32 | date=1950 | access-date=6 June 2015| doi=10.1007/BF03050555 | last1=Kasturirangan | first1=L. R. | s2cid=81434412 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> and credited with the compilation of a series of atlases.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> His efforts were also reported behind the establishment of the [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|National Institute of Oceanography]] (NIO), the [[Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute]], Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, [[Central Institute of Fisheries Technology]], [[Central Institute of Fisheries Education]] and Central Institute of Fisheries Operatives.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> He served as the Head of the Zoology Department at [[University College Thiruvananthapuram|University College, Thiruvananthapuram]], as the director of the Zoological Laboratory at the [[University of Madras]], as the Officer on Special Duty at the [[Ministry of Agriculture (India)]], as the director of the [[International Indian Ocean Expedition]], as the director of the [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|National Institute of Oceanography]] and as a member of the [[National Commission on Agriculture]].<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> He also served as a member of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] and the [[Kerala State Planning Board]] and sat on the editorial boards of journals such as Journal of the Zoological Society of India, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, Indian Journal of Marine Science, and Marine Biology.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" />

Panikkar was an elected fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]], [[Royal Society of Arts]], London, [[National Academy of Sciences, India]]<ref name="NASI Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://www.nasi.org.in/deceased.htm | title=NASI Fellow | publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India | date=2015 | access-date=6 June 2015 | archive-date=28 May 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528102550/http://www.nasi.org.in/deceased.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Indian Geophysical Union]].<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian award of [[Padma Shri]] in 1973.<ref name="Padma Shri" /> He was also a recipient of the Galathea Medal of Denmark (1953) Sir Dorabji Tata Medal from the Zoological Society of India and the Chandrakala Hora Medal by the Indian National Science Academy.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> Panikkar died on 24 June 1977.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" />

==See also==
* [[Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute]]
* [[Cochin University of Science and Technology]]
{{portal|India|Zoology}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{1900s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panikkar, N. Kesava}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientists from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Geophysical Union]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Madras]]
[[Category:Indian oceanographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian zoologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian earth scientists]]

Thanjavur Art Plate

2025-06-25T10:16:27Z

Sahadathossain: new the info more to come

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Thanjavur Art Plate
| image = Tanjore Plate V1.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| description = Art metal plates from [[Thanjavur]] region
| type = Handicraft
| area = [[Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = India
| registered = 2007–08
| material = [[silver]], [[copper]], [[bronze]]
| official website =
}}
'''Thanjavur Art Plate''' is an artifact exclusively made in the [[Thanjavur]] region of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It is a circular plate consisting of [[silver]], [[bronze]], and [[copper]] embossed with figures of [[Hindu gods]] and goddesses at its center.<ref name=Tanjore>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-editorialfeatures/cradle-of-traditional-arts-and-crafts/article2225283.ece|title=Cradle of traditional arts and crafts|date=14 July 2011|access-date=26 January 2016|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The artwork has been registered for protection under the Geographical indication of the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement. It is listed at item 63 of the Geographical Indications Act 1999 of the [[Government of India]], with registration confirmed by the Controller General of Patents Designs and Trademarks in 2007–08.<ref name=Tanjore/><ref>{{cite report|url=http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/treasures_protected/registered_GI_30March2015.pdf |title=State Wise Registration Details Of G.I Applications |access-date=26 January 2016 |publisher=Controller General of Patents Designs and Trademarks |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327150038/http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/treasures_protected/registered_GI_30March2015.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2016 }}</ref> While the size of the article is permitted to be different, metal compositions and particularization have to remain the same to be identified with the unique indicator as per GI approval.<ref name=Tanjore/>

==History==
The Thanjavur Art Plate or plaque was introduced by [[Serfoji II|Rajah Serfoji-II]] (1777–1832) during the [[Thanjavur Maratha kingdom|Maratha rule]] in Thanjavur. It was made as an exclusive gift item by the artisans of Thanjavur at the suggestion of the Rajah.<ref name=Tanjore/><ref name=Plate/>

The artifact is crafted exclusively by the community of [[Vishwakarmas]], which consists of a few goldsmith families of Thanjavur. It is an inherited art, and is a way of living for them. It is a declared cottage industry as it is made in the houses of the craftsmen. Its manufacture is the prerogative of the menfolk only.{{Sfn|Rathakrishnan|2010|p=250}}

A plaque made in the 20th century was displayed at the Government Museum in Thanjavur during 2011. This plaque made of the prescribed metals has in the [[relief]] images of [[Nataraja]], the sage [[Pathanjali]], and the goddess [[Shivakamini|Sivakami]] in a standing posture over a lotus flower, encrusted at the plate's central part.<ref name=Plate>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Thanjavur-art-plate-on-display-at-museum/2013/06/04/article1618407.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202115330/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Thanjavur-art-plate-on-display-at-museum/2013/06/04/article1618407.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2016|title=Thanjavur art plate on display at museum|date=4 June 2013|newspaper=Express News Service}}</ref>

== Manufacturing ==
The artifact consists of three components: the base plate, a circular plate of metals with primary relief, and the secondary relief. Sheets of brass are used to make the base plate, silver sheets to craft the reliefs, lead to create moulds to project the three-dimensional images, and an asphalt or wax board to fix the plate. The base plate is prepared first by craftsman specialized in heavy metals. Then the crafting of designs or reliefs is done by jewelers, and the encrusting of the relief is the prerogative of the diamond-setting expert. The procedure of manufacture involves the making of the base plate followed by the casting of the copper plate, preparing moulds, and crafting the motifs on copper plates and dyes. The base plate is also covered with motifs. Floral and other designs are carved on the reliefs, and the product is then finished by polishing.{{Sfn|Rathakrishnan|2010|pp=250–51}}

The art plates are marketed within the country and also exported. They are marketed by the artisans themselves or in handicraft showrooms and through exporters.{{Sfn|Rathakrishnan|2010|p=252}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book|last= Rathakrishnan |first=Lakshmanam |title=Innovation and Competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprises|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BVLnGPIw7k0C&pg=PA250|date=1 January 2010|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7835-834-5}}

{{Geographical indications in Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Art discs and ovals]]
[[Category:Tamil culture]]
[[Category:Indian metalwork]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Tamil Nadu]]

DG Vaishnav College

2025-06-12T18:24:31Z

Sahadathossain: small fix

{{Short description|College in Chennai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox university |
motto = सत्यं परं धीमहि |
mottoeng = May we meditate upon the Supreme Truth |
name = DG Vaishnav College |
image = [[File:DGVC LOGO.jpg|144px|DGV Logo]]|
established = 1964|
affiliation = [[University of Madras]]|
campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]|
type = Autonomous |
city = [[Arumbakkam]], [[Chennai]] |
state = [[Tamil Nadu]] |
country = India |
|colors = {{color box|#0F4D92}} Blue {{color box|#d51c2d}} Brick Red |
website = https://www.dgvaishnavcollege.edu.in |principal = Capt. Dr. S. Santhosh Baboo}}

'''DG Vaishnav College''' (Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College), commonly known as '''DDGDVC''', is a [[Liberal arts]], [[commerce]] and [[science]] college in [[Chennai]], India. It is an autonomous institution affiliated with the [[University of Madras]]. It is located in the Arumbakkam locality of Chennai, which is a hub for many shops and markets, of which the most famous Koyembedu market and bus stand. It was recently reaccredited by '''NAAC''' with '''A++''' grade ( CGPA of 3.54 /4) in 3rd cycle.

==Academics==
DG Vaishnav College was affiliated to the University of Madras, however the College has been conferred the status of "AUTONOMY" by the UGC and endorsed by the University of Madras from the academic year 2009 - 2010. Consequently, students admitted to various UG, PG and M.Phil courses during the academic year 2009 - 2010 will come under Autonomous pattern. The extension of autonomy was given by the UGC upto 2032-2033.

==Courses offered==
'''UG Courses'''
{| class="wikitable"
! Day College - Shift – I
! Evening College -Shift - II
|-
|B.A. (Economics)
|B.A. (Tamil)
|-
|B.Com (Corporate Secretary ship)
|B.A. (English)
|-
|B.Com (General)
|B.A. (Economics)
|-
|B.Sc. Mathematics (MPC)&(MAN)
|B.A. (Business Economics)
|-
|B.Sc. (Physics)
|B.A. (Sociology)
|-
|B.Sc. (Chemistry)
|B.A. (Tourism & Travel Management)
|-
|B.Sc. (Plant Biology and Biotechnology)
|B.A. (Criminology & Police Administration)
|-
|
|B.A. (Journalism)
|-
|
|B.Com (Corporate Secretary ship)
|-
|
|B.Com (General)
|-
|
|B.Com (Honours)
|-
|
|B.Com (Accounting & Finance)
|-
|
|B.Com (Bank Management)
|-
|
|B.Com (Marketing Management)
|-
|
|B.Com (Finance and Taxation (Integrated with UK ACCA))
|-
|
|B.B.A
|-
|
|B.C.A
|-
|
|B.Sc. (Biotechnology)
|-
|
|B.Sc. (Biochemistry)
|-
|
|B.Sc. (Computer Science)
|-
|
|B.Sc. (Mathematics with Computer Application)
|-
|
|B.Sc. (Visual Communication)
|-
|
|B.Sc. (Interior Design & Decor)
|-
|
|B.Sc. (Psychology)
|-
|
|B.Sc. (Statistics)
|-
|
|B.Sc. (Physics with Computer Application)
|}

'''PG Courses'''

{| class="wikitable"
! Day College - Shift – I
! Evening College -Shift - II
|-
|M.A. (Economics)
|M.A. (English)
|-
|M.A. (Social Work)
|M.A. (H.R.M)
|-
|M.Com
|M.A. (Journalism)
|-
|M.C.A
|M.Com
|-
|M.Sc. (Mathematics)
|M.B.A
|-
|M.Sc. (Chemistry)
|M.C.A
|-
|
|M.Sc. (Physics)
|-
|
|M.Sc. (Applied Micro Biology)
|-
|
|M.Sc. (Biochemistry)
|-
|
|M.Sc. (Biotechnology)
|-
|
|M.Sc. (Computer Science)
|-
|
|M.Sc. (IT)
|}

==National Social Service==
There are five NSS units of which one is exclusively for the girl students.

== National Cadet Corps ==
National Cadet Corps (NCC) in this college has two Army wing
*1[TN] ARMOURED SQUADRON NCC
*1 [TN] BATTALION NCC

== Notable alumni ==
{{alumni|date=July 2020}}
* [[Mohan Kumar Raja]], Sprinter, RIO Olympics<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070125194837/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/20/stories/2007012018540400.htm] The Hindu</ref>
* [[Kush Kumar]]Gold Medallist [[India at the 2014 Asian Games]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/kush-kumar-won-gold-in-mens-singles-squash-at-asian-youth-games-1377006275-1|title = Kush Kumar Won Gold in Men's Singles Squash at Asian Youth Games|date = 20 August 2013}}</ref>
* [[K. V. Anand]], Film Director
* [[Karthik (singer)]], Playback Singer
* [[Ajay Rathnam]], Actor
* [[P. Ravindhranath]], Politician
* [[Neyveli Santhanagopalan]], Carnatic Singer
* [[Jithan Ramesh]], Actor
* [[Preetha]], Television Personality
* [[Venu Arvind]], Actor
* [[Venkatesh Harinathan]], Actor
* [[Shakthi Vasudevan]], Actor
* [[Hari Krishnan (Tamil actor)|Hari Krishnan]], Actor
* [[Saai Gayathri]], Serial Actress
* [[Mohammed Azeem]], Serial Actor
* [[VJ Nikki]], Video Jockey
* [[Vaishali Thaniga]], Serial Actress
* [[Vinayak Vaithianathan]], Film Director

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070125194837/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/20/stories/2007012018540400.htm The Hindu]
* [https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/...DG-Vaishnav/.../article2740169.ece Golden Moment for DG Vaishnav]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord|13.0739|N|80.2128|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Arts and Science colleges in Chennai]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to University of Madras]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Chennai]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1964]]

Love You Loktantra (film)

2025-05-14T06:17:00Z

Sahadathossain: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Krushna Abhishek]]

Bangalore rose onion

2024-12-08T18:26:53Z

Sahadathossain: created stub!

{{Short description|Indian onion variety}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
'''Bangalore rose onion''', locally called '''{{lang|kn|gulabi eerulli}}''', is a variety of [[onion]] grown in and around [[Bangalore]] in [[Karnataka]]. It received the [[Geographical Indication]] tag in 2015.<ref name=bmirror/>

[[File:Bangalore rose onion.jpg|thumb|Bangalore rose onions at a market stand]]

==History==
Bangalore rose onions are grown in the districts of [[Bangalore Urban]], [[Bangalore Rural]], [[Chikkaballapur district|Chikkaballapur]] and [[Kolar district|Kolar]].<ref name=bmirror/> They were also grown in [[Tumkur district|Tumkur]], [[Hassan district|Hassan]], [[Davanagere district|Davanagere]], [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]] and [[Bagalkot district|Bagalkot]]. Bangalore rose onions are not cultivated in any other place in India.<ref name=bline/>

==Description==
The onions of this variety have bulbs with flat base and are spherical. The other characteristics which make them unique are their deep scarlet red colour, [[anthocyanin]], phenols and high pungency. They are also known to contain higher levels of protein, phosphorus, iron and carotene.<ref name=bmirror>{{cite web|last1=Prasad S|first1=Shyam|title=Bangalore Rose Onion gets GI tag|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/Bangalore-Rose-Onion-gets-GI-tag/articleshow/46816879.cms|publisher=Bangalore Mirror|date=6 April 2015|accessdate=25 January 2016}}</ref>

The ideal conditions for growing rose onion are: soil with [[pH]] between 6.5 and 7, atmospheric [[humidity]] of 70 to 75% and average temperature of 25 °C to 30 °C. As these conditions are found around the Bangalore region, the variety is grown exclusively there.<ref name=bmirror/>

==Export==
Bangalore rose onions are rarely used in India, but exported in large quantities to other countries such as [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Indonesia]], [[Bahrain]], [[UAE]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref name=know>{{cite web|last1=Prabhu|first1=Nagesh|title=Know your onions about Bangalore Blue and Rose|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/know-your-onions-about-bangalore-blue-and-rose/article2806867.ece|work=The Hindu|date=17 January 2012|accessdate=25 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kundapura|first1=Vishwa|title=Rose onion farmers in distress as prices crash|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/rose-onion-farmers-in-distress-as-prices-crash/article5274156.ece|work=The Hindu|date=26 October 2013|accessdate=25 January 2016}}</ref>

During the financial year of 2010–11, over 22,000 tonnes of Bangalore rose onion were exported to other countries. This was lower compared to more than 36,000 and 32,000 tonnes exported in 2003–04 and 2005–06 respectively. More than {{INR}}500 crore worth of rose onion was exported in five years after an [[Agri Export Zone]] (AEZ) was set up for the crop in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Urs|first1=Anil|title=Rose onion exports rise 28%|newspaper=Business Standard India |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/rose-onion-exports-rise-28-106113001027_1.html|publisher=Business Standard|date=30 November 2006|accessdate=25 January 2016}}</ref><ref name=bline>{{cite web|last1=Urs|first1=Anil|title=Bangalore rose onion exports touch 22,000-tonnes mark|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/bangalore-rose-onion-exports-touch-22000tonnes-mark/article2316687.ece|publisher=The Hindu Business Line|date=2 August 2011|accessdate=25 January 2016}}</ref>

==Geographical Indication==
The Bangalore rose onion was granted the [[Geographical indication|Geographical Indication]] status in 2015. This allowed the Bangalore Rose Onion Growers' Association headquartered in [[Chikkaballapur]] to get patent rights to cultivation of the variety.<ref name=know/>

==See also==
* [[Bangalore Blue]]
* [[Lasalgaon onion]]
* [[Alibag White onion]]
* [[List of Geographical Indications in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Allium}}

[[Category:Onion cultivars]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Economy of Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Economy of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Agricultural production in India by commodity]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Karnataka cuisine]]
[[Category:GI Tagged Onion varieties of India]]
[[Category:Onion production in India]]

Sogadu Shivanna

2024-11-14T20:27:51Z

Sahadathossain: new new entry first draft

{{Short description|Indian politician}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Minister of Environment [[Government of Karnataka]]
| term_start = 12 July 2012
| term_end = 13 May 2013
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Jagadish Shettar]]
| predecessor = [[J. Krishna Palemar]]
| successor = [[Ramanath Rai]]
| office1 = Minister of Sericulture [[Government of Karnataka]]
| term_start1 = 25 January 2007
| term_end1 = 8 October 2007
| 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata1 = [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]]
| predecessor1 = [[Ramachandra Gowda]]
| successor1 = Venkataramanappa
| office2 = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 2008
| term_end2 = 2013
| predecessor2 = ''Constituency created''
| successor2 = Rafeeq Ahmed
| constituency2 = [[Tumkur City Assembly constituency|Tumkur City]]
| term_start3 = 1994
| term_end3 = 2007
| predecessor3 = S Shafi Ahmed
| successor3 = ''Constituency ceased to exist''
| constituency3 = [[Tumkur Assembly constituency|Tumkur]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}

'''Sogadu Shivanna''' is a senior politician associated with [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Karnataka]]. He has served as Minister of Environment under [[Jagadish Shettar]] and as Minister of Sericulture under [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]].

== Political career ==
Shivanna contested [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994 Karnataka Assembly election]] on a [[BJP]] ticket from [[Tumkur City Assembly constituency|Tumkur City]] and defeated the sitting MLA S. Shafi Ahmed of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] by a margin of 9104 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tumkur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/tumkur-karnataka-assembly-constituency#1994 |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> He went on to retain the seat in [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tumkur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/tumkur-karnataka-assembly-constituency#1999 |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> & [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004 election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tumkur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/tumkur-karnataka-assembly-constituency#2004 |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> He was inducted as a Minister in the [[First Kumaraswamy ministry|Kumaraswamy cabinet]] which was supported by the [[BJP]] on 25 January 2007 and was allotted the Sericulture Department.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2007-01-29 |title=Portfolios allotted for 5 new K'taka Ministers |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2007/01/29/portfolios-allotted-for-5-new-ktaka-ministers-1170090372.html |access-date= |website=oneindia.com |language=}}</ref> In [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008 election]], he managed to retain seat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tumkur City Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/tumkurcity-karnataka-assembly-constituency#2008 |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> In July 2012 he was inducted into the cabinet of [[Shettar ministry|Jagadish Shettar]] and was allotted Environment portfolio.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP rewards MLA Shivanna for loyalty |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2012/jul/13/bjp-rewards-mla-shivanna-for-loyalty-386315.html |access-date= |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> He however lost [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013 election]] to the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] candidate Dr Rafeeq Ahmed.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2013-05-08 |title=17 Ministers in Shettar Cabinet lose |language= |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/17-ministers-in-shettar-cabinet-lose/article4696421.ece |access-date= |issn=}}</ref> In [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018 election]] he was denied ticket from Tumkur City in favour of G.B. Jyoti Ganesh at the behest of [[Yediyurappa]] since Shivanna did not join the [[Karnataka Janata Paksha|KJP]] when it was formed by Yediyurappa.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2018-04-25 |title=Miffed Sogadu Shivanna to remain neutral |language= |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/miffed-sogadu-shivanna-to-remain-neutral/article23672564.ece |access-date= |issn=}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1994–1999]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2004–2007]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:People from Tumakuru district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]