Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Malayalam hip-hop

2026-05-08T12:11:28Z

SabinaGuffey: Creating A Info.

{{Short description|Subgenre of hip hop originating in Kerala, India}}
'''Malayalam hip hop''' is a genre of [[popular music]] developed in [[Kerala]] starting in around 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malayalam music's massive growth: What's driving this phenomenal rise? |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2024/05/18/how-indie-artistes-are-driving-the-phenomenal-rise-of-malayalam-music.html |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> The term has also come to be used as an alternative for rap music, and even pop music, which involves rappers of South Asian origins.<ref>{{cite web |title=Outta da hoods|publisher= newindianexpress|date=2023|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/kochi/2023/Sep/15/outtada-hoods-2614910.html}}</ref>

==Overview==
[[Street Academics]] were the first ever hip hop band to be established in 2009, in Malayalam hip hop. They started with freestyling.<ref>{{cite web |title= Bengaluru: Kerala band forced off stage after unruly pub-goers object to singing in Malayalam|publisher= Indian Express |date=2019|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-kerala-band-forced-off-stage-after-unruly-pub-goers-object-to-singing-in-malayalam/}}</ref>
[[File:Ocha Festival.png|thumb|The Ocha Music Festival organized by Saina Music Indie and Pacayafog held in [[Bolgatty Palace]] in 2024 was the biggest Hip Hop stage which Kerala has seen , Ocha played a crucial part in its first season in 2023 to showcase the raw talent in the state such as baby jean doing his first stage performance , Season 2 introduced the Rising Panther Gabri too .]]
Malayalam hip hop was initially introduced widespread by [[Fejo (rapper)|FEJO]] and [[ThirumaLi]] during the 2018 to 2019 period, they played significant role in introducing the genre among the Malayali community. FEJO's first debut release in 2018 "Vere Level" and ThirumaLi's first debut hit "Malayali Da," in 2019, marked the onset of Malayalam rap.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-09 |title=Catch Up With ThirumaLi, The Malayali Rapper Who's Here To Stay And Slay |url=https://pinklungi.com/catch-up-with-thirumali-the-malayali-rapper-whos-here-to-stay-and-slay/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=PinkLungi |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Fejo: Knowing that rappers in other languages too face the same struggles was inspiring|publisher= timesofindia |date=2019|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/fejo-knowing-that-rappers-in-other-languages-too-face-the-same-struggles-was-inspiring/articleshow/71758639.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-09-01 |title=Rap finally finds its rhythm in Mollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/rap-finally-finds-its-rhythm-in-mollywood/articleshow/65623280.cms |access-date=2024-05-31 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2022 Saina Music a Homegrown Label which was a Household label for last 4 decades signed the first track with Dabzee while representing Manushyar , Which happened to be just after the Event Utopian Dystopia which showcased few talents across the state, Meanwhile the label has been in the front row for the new and unrecognized artist to showcase and release their Indie tracks to the public .
In 2023, [[Mass Appeal India]] initiated a scouting program in the South Indian market to sign [[Malayalam]] hip-hop artists. Later, Spotify officially announced that Malayalam music consumption has increased, with a significant portion attributed to Malayalam hip-hop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malayalam music's massive growth: What's driving this phenomenal rise? |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2024/05/18/how-indie-artistes-are-driving-the-phenomenal-rise-of-malayalam-music.html |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> During the period, The [[Spotify]] has noticed several releases by Malayalam hip hop artists featured in the Global and Hip hop Charts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Priya |first=Akchayaa Rajkumar,Lakshmi |date=2024-03-14 |title=Spotify says Malayalam music consumption grew by 5300% in 5 years: Here’s why |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/spotify-says-malayalam-music-consumption-grew-by-5300-in-5-years-heres-why |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

A hip-hop music festival called "Ocha Music Festival", was introduced in 2023. It is currently one of the leading hip-hop music festivals in Kerala. It is usually held in the [[Bolgatty Palace]] Arena in Kochi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Parvana K. |date=2024-01-30 |title=Ready to groove @ Kerala’s biggest beach music fest? |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2024/Jan/30/ready-to-groove-keralas-biggest-beach-music-fest |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-05-16 |title=Kerala’s hip-hop scene to get loud at Ocha music festival |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2024/May/16/keralas-hip-hop-scene-to-get-loud-at-ocha-music-festival |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, The hip hop artist [[Dabzee]] significantly gained fame, producing and singing for Malayalam movies.<ref>{{cite web |title= 'Manavaalan Thug' was meant for my album: Indie artist Dabzee |publisher= newindianexpress |date=2023 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/kochi/2023/Sep/15/interview-manavaalan-thug-was-meant-for-my-album-indie-artistdabzee-2614911.html#:~:text=Dabzee%20is%20one%20of%20the,has%20catapulted%20several%20international%20hitmakers.&text=%27Manavaalan%20Thug%27%2C%20from%20%27,the%20colloquial%20slang%20of%20Malabar}}</ref> He is the first ever artist from [[Kerala]] to perform at Earth Soul in [[Coca-Cola Arena|Coco-Cola Arena]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=earthsoulfestival |url=https://earthsoulfestival.com/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |language=en}}</ref>

== Major artists ==
List of established artists in Malayalam hip hop genre .

* [[Dabzee]]
* [[ThirumaLi]]
* [[Fejo (rapper)|FEJO]]
* MC Couper<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prasanna |first=Likhitha |date=2022-03-12 |title=Coup d’état |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2022/Mar/12/coup-deacutetat-2429042.html |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Vedan (rapper)|Vedan]]
* [[Baby Jean]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-17 |title=Breaking: Southern India's Fierce Rapper Baby Jean Signs Exclusive Record Deal With Mass Appeal India - Culture Haze |url=https://culturehaze.com/breaking-southern-indias-fierce-rapper-baby-jean-signs-exclusive-record-deal-with-mass-appeal-india/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Neeraj Madhav|NJ]]
* Parimal Shais<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Mikhail |date=2022-08-24 |title=PARIMAL SHAIS: Inside The Mind Of Southsides’ Resident Bass Dropping Alien |url=https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-explore/parimal-shais-inside-the-mind-of-southsides-resident-bass-dropping-alien |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Homegrown |language=en}}</ref>
* [[San Jaimt]]

== See also ==
* [[Indian hip-hop]]
* [[Gully rap]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian hip-hop]]
[[Category:Music of India]]
[[Category:Culture of Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala music|Hip hop]]

Eken Babu (TV series)

2026-05-07T10:27:51Z

SabinaGuffey:

{{short description|Bengali web series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Eken Babu (TV series) Poster.jpg
| caption = Promotional Poster
| director = {{ubl||[[Joydip Mukherjee]]||Surajit Chatterjee|| Anupam Hari||Anirban Mallik||[[Abhijit Chowdhury]]}}
| country = India
| genre = {{hlist|[[Detective]]|[[Crime]]|[[Mystery fiction|Mystery]]|[[Comedy]]|[[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]}}
| num_seasons = 9
| num_episodes = 60
| language = Bengali
| company = Eyewash Production
| first_aired = {{Start date|2018|03|03|df=yes}}
| last_aired = present
| screenplay = Padmanabha Dasgupta
| based_on = [[Ekenbabu]]
| theme_music_composer = Mayukh Mainak
}}
'''''Eken Babu''''' is a [[Bengali-language]] web series streaming on Hoichoi. The web series is based on [[Ekenbabu]] detective story, which is written by [[Sujan Dasgupta]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hoyejak.com/entertainment/speaking-of-bengali-detective-characters-whos-eken-babu/ |title=Speaking of Bengali Detective Characters, Who's Eken Babu? – hoyejak |website=hoyejak.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030102752/https://hoyejak.com/entertainment/speaking-of-bengali-detective-characters-whos-eken-babu/ |archive-date=30 October 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Anirban Chakrabarti|Anirban Chakraborti]] plays the title role, with Shuhotro Mukhopadhay and Somak Ghosh in supporting roles.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |date=21 June 2018 |title=Hoichoi's biggest musical thriller has dropped its TRAILER | Indian Television Dot Com |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/hoichois-biggest-musical-thriller-has-dropped-its-trailer-180621}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Tripathy |first=Antara |date=20 September 2018 |title=Hoichoi turns 2 – A Gala celebration by Tollywood stars with this young online platform's birthday |url=https://ibgnews.com/hoichoi-turns-2-a-gala-celebration-by-tollywood-stars-with-this-young-online-platforms-birthday/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 September 2018 |title=Hoichoi announces 100+ hours of original content with more than 30 originals |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/technology/in-other-news/210918/hoichoi-announces-100-hours-of-original-content-with-more-than-30-ori.html |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=HOICHOI S NEW BOUQUET |url=https://epaper.telegraphindia.com/textview_222965_154118337_4_1_12_05-10-2018_79_1.html |website=epaper.telegraphindia.com}}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Anirban Chakrabarti]] as [[Ekenbabu]]
* Shoumo Banerjee as Bapyaditya or Bapi (season 1 to 5)
* Debapriyo Bagchi (Bubble) as Promotho (season 1 to 5)
* Suhotra Mukhopadhyay as Bapi (Since Season 6)
* Somak Ghosh as Promotho (Since Season 6)
* Shreya Sinha as Rupal Mehra IPS
* Yash Roshan as Mamud (in Season 3)
* Shahdul Alam Sachchu as Jamal (in Season 3)
* Ziaul Hasan Kislu as Masud (in Season 3)
* Shimul Khan as Mr. Khan (in Season 3)
* Quazi Nawshaba Ahmed as Meherunisa (in Season 3)
* Anuradha Mukherjee (in Season 4)
* Kaushik Chatterjee as Tunganath Burman (in Season 4)
* Kaushiki Guha as Arundhati Burman (in Season 4)
* Debopriyo Mukherjee as Riddhi Burman (in Season 4)
* Chitra Vanu Basu (in Season 4)
* Kinjal Kumar Nanda as Satyakam Javed Chowdhury (in Season 4)
* Mridul Chandra Sen (in Season 4)
* Sohini Banerjee (in Season 4)
* Sourav Chatterjee as Suresh Mitra (in Season 5)
* Mimi Dutta as Soma Mitra (in Season 5)
* Krishnendu Dewanji as Ajay (in Season 5)
* Biswajit Chakraborty as Khokha Mama
* Rajnandini Paul as Paramita (Season 8)
* [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Banerjee]] as Avik (SEASON 8)
* Saonli Chattopadhyay as Monica (Season 9)
* Shankar Chakraborty as Shubhankar (Season 9)
* Sumanta Mukherjee as Amiyo Maharaj (Season 9)

== Episodes ==
'''Season overview'''{{Series overview
| color1 = #4C5966
| link1 = #Season 1 (2018)
| episodes1 = 10
| released1 = {{Start date|2018|03|03|df=yes}}
| color2 = #273746
| link2 = #Season 2 (2018)
| episodes2 = 6
| released2 = {{Start date|2018|11|10|df=yes}}
| color3 = #1C2833
| link3 = #Season 3 (2019)
| episodes3 = 5
| released3 = {{Start date|2019|11|28|df=yes}}
| color4 = #273746
| link4 = #Season 4 (2020)
| episodes4 = 6
| released4 = {{Start date|2020|10|02|df=yes}}
| color5 = #273746
| link5 = #Season 5 (2021)
| episodes5 = 6
| released5 = {{Start date|2021|10|08|df=yes}}
| color6 = #1C2833
| link6 = #Season 6 (2022)
| episodes6 = 6
| released6 = {{Start date|2022|12|23|df=yes}}
| color7 = #273746
| link7 = #Season 7 (2023)
| episodes7 = 7
| released7 = {{Start date|2023|12|08|df=yes}}
| color8 = #273746
| link8 = #Season 8 (2025)
| episodes8 = 7
| released8 = {{Start date|2025|01|23|df=yes}}
| color9 = #4C5966
| link9 = #Season 9 (2026)
| episodes9 = 7
| released9 = {{Start date|2026|04|15|df=yes}}
}}

===Season 1 (2018)===
The first season is directed by Anirban Mallik, it streamed on Bengali OTT platform hoichoi from 3 March 2018.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bgr.in/news/hoichoi-turns-one-new-seasons-and-exclusives-top-up-card-launched/ |title=Hoichoi turns one, new seasons and exclusives, top-up card launched | BGR India |website=www.bgr.in |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920135156/https://www.bgr.in/news/hoichoi-turns-one-new-seasons-and-exclusives-top-up-card-launched/ |archive-date=20 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://svf.in/news/hoichois-biggest-musical-thriller-launched-today/|title=Hoichoi's biggest musical thriller launched today|date=21 June 2018}}</ref> It was based on the story "''Manhattane Moonstone".''

{{Episode table |background=#4C5966 |overall=Police decided to encounter Guddu and Bablu and attack them. Kaleen ask them to stay low, they hide in Bihar border. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Two deaths, one mystery
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Suicide or Murder?
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Doubt... Doubt...
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = An Astrologer's Day
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = The Diary
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Murder He Says
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = The Missing Friday
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Pink Elephant
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|Title = Hard Rock
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|Title = Final Showdown
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

===Season 2 (2018)===
The second season released on 10 November 2018; all the episodes were directed by Anupam Hari. The story is based on "''Manhattan ey Man hunt"''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://themoviean.com/hoichoi-2018/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030101251/https://themoviean.com/hoichoi-2018/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=30 October 2019|title=Hoichoi! Releases List Of Favourite Stars And Originals|date=2 January 2019}}</ref>

{{Episode table |background=#273746 |overall=Police decided to encounter Guddu and Bablu and attack them. Kaleen ask them to stay low, they hide in Bihar border. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Bentumashir Goendagiri
|DirectedBy = Anupam Hari
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|11|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Natural death, ami penguin
|DirectedBy = Anupam Hari
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|11|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Dui Mrityu Ekdine
|DirectedBy = Anupam Hari
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|11|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = This Man Is Something
|DirectedBy = Anupam Hari
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|11|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Sunglass Pore Rajnikanth
|DirectedBy = Anupam Hari
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|11|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Bhol Bodoler Rongo
|DirectedBy = Anupam Hari
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2018|11|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

===Season 3 (2019)===
The third season aired on 28 November 2019; all the five episodes were directed by [[Abhijit Chowdhury]]. The story is set in Bangladesh, and most of the shooting is also done in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.binged.com/news/streaming-alert-eken-babu-new-season-o-dhaka-rahasya-streaming-from-november-28-on-hoichoi/|title=Streaming Alert: Eken Babu New Season, O Dhaka Rahasya, Streaming from November 28 on Hoichoi!|first=Rashmi|last=Paharia|date=25 November 2019|website=Binged}}</ref> It was based on the story, "''Dhaka Rahasyo Unmochito".''

{{Episode table |background=#1C2833 |overall=Police decided to encounter Guddu and Bablu and attack them. Kaleen ask them to stay low, they hide in Bihar border. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Destination Dhaka
|DirectedBy = Abhijit Chowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|11|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Mrityu Mystery
|DirectedBy = Abhijit Chowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|11|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Ekengiri
|DirectedBy = Abhijit Chowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|11|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Highly Suspicious
|DirectedBy = Abhijit Chowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|11|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Kolkata Chalo
|DirectedBy = Abhijit Chowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2019|11|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

===Season 4 (2020)===
On 2 October 2020, hoichoi released Season 4 with six new episodes directed by [[Joydip Mukherjee]] and Surajit Chatterjee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.binged.com/streaming-premiere-dates/eken-babu-season-4-streaming-online-watch-on-hoichoi-tv/|title = Eken Babu Season 4 on Hoichoi}}</ref> It was based on the story "''Ekenbabu O Barman Bari Rahasya".''

{{Episode table |background=#212121 |overall=Police decided to encounter Guddu and Bablu and attack them. Kaleen ask them to stay low, they hide in Bihar border. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Shiraz-er Biriyani
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee, Surajit Chatterjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Agontuk
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee, Surajit Chatterjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Chitro Bichitro
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee, Surajit Chatterjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Jolponar Kolpona
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee, Surajit Chatterjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Porda Phash
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee, Surajit Chatterjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Shunani
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee, Surajit Chatterjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

===Season 5 (2021)===
On 8 October 2021, hoichoi released Season 5 with six new episodes directed by Anirban Mullick.<ref>{{Citation|title=Eken Babu (একেন বাবু) 5 {{!}} Official Trailer {{!}} Anirban Chakrabarti {{!}} 8th Oct {{!}} hoichoi| date=2 October 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6ZBfQJAnJE|language=en|access-date=2021-10-07}}</ref> It is based on the story, "''Sankhyar Sanket"''. Eken Babu season 5, titled "Eken Babu: Santiniketan Shanket Mochon,"

{{Episode table |background=#212121 |overall=Eken Bau solves a case in Shantiniketan. |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=U.S. |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Thik Duppurbela
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|10|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Kothay Pabo Tare?
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|10|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Outhouse-ey Henyali
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|10|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Ulot Puran
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|10|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Female Moumachhi
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|10|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = National Anthem
|DirectedBy = Anirban Mallik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|10|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

===Season 6 (2022)===
On 20 September 2022, hoichoi announced Season 6. The series started streaming from 23 December 2022. It was based on the story "''Asol Khunir Sondhane''". From this season the actors of the role of both Bapi and Promotho were changed.Eken Babu season 6, titled "Eken Babu Ebar Kolkatay".

{{Episode table|background=#212121|overall=Eken Babu ebar Kolkatay.|title=|director=|airdate=|airdateR=|country=U.S.|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Kolkatay Kelenkari
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Picnic
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Doping
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Badminton
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Destination Ranchi
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Tribhuj na Choturbhuj
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}}}

===Season 7 (2023)===
Eken Babu season 7, titled "Tungkulung E Eken," premiered on December 8th, 2023. The season follows Eken Babu, Bapi, and Promotho on vacation in [[Tonglu, West Bengal|Tungkulung]]."Tungkulung E Eken" is based on the detective story "''Khuner Age Khuni Khoja''".<ref>{{Cite news |title=টুংকুলুংয়ে খুনের আগেই খুনি ধরতে একেনবাবু! দেখছেন তো হইচই-এর একেনবাবুর সিজ়ন ৭? |lang=bn |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/brand-studio/tungkulung-e-eken-the-newly-launched-series-on-hoichoi-is-going-to-amazed-the-audience-dgtl/cid/1480136}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eken babu 7th season |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/brand-studio/tungkulung-e-eken-the-newly-launched-series-on-hoichoi-is-going-to-amazed-the-audience-dgtl/cid/1480136}}</ref>

{{Episode table|background=#212121|overall=Eken Babu in Tungkulung.|title=|director=|airdate=|airdateR=|country=India|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Tungkulung
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|12|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Rail Roko
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|12|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Bish
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|12|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Ondher Joshthi
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|12|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Hirer Sandhaney
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|12|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Otit-er Khonjey
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|12|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Bhanumotir Khel
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|12|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}}}

===Season 8 (2025)===
The eight season is titled "Puro Puri Eken". As title suggests, the story is based on [[Puri]]. The series is based on the story "''Nrityoshilpir Mrityu Tadonte Ekenbabu"''.

{{Episode table|background=#212121|overall=Puro Puri Eken|title=|director=|airdate=|airdateR=|country=India|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Raghurajpure Rawktopaat
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|01|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Khondogirir Laash
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|01|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Guest House-ey Khun
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|01|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Samudra Phiriye Dey
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|01|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Plot Bordhon
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|01|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Shakkhigopal
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|01|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Khuner Panda
|DirectedBy = Joydip Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|01|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}}}

=== Season 9 (2026) ===
Eken babu's season 9 is set in [[Purulia]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: Shooting and story update of Eken Babu season 9 |url=https://www.aajkaal.in/entertainment/breaking-shooting-and-story-update-of-eken-babu-season-9-179569 |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=www.aajkaal.in |language=bn-IN}}</ref>. The series released on 15 April 2026, coinciding with the occasion of [[Poila Boishakh|Poila Baishakh]]. The series is based on Sujan Dasgupta's [[Ekenbabu]] story, ''Bhoyonkor Chithi''. The pre-credits scene of the final episode announced the next instalment of the film franchise, ''The Eken: Keralay Kurukkhetro'' that will be releasing on Durga Pujo 2026.

{{Episode table |background=#212121 |overall=Eken Babu: Puruliay Pakrao |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR= |country=India |episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Panna Udhao
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =Eken Babu, Bapi and Pramatha came for the trip and mutton, Purulia served them a stolen emerald and a mystery instead.
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Humkir Teer
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Eken Babu only wanted a sweet. Instead he finds a centuries old mystery and a stubborn tiny companion.
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Jwole Bhashe Laash
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = At the ashram, clues slowly fall into place. But behind the strict no-meat rule lies something unexpected.
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Pyanchar Pyanchal
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Raju's murder, two cases, one empty stomach, a blackout and a missing book. Eken Babu is having a very bad day.
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Foske Gelo
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = A fellow detective surfaces in the ashram. The mutton on a leaf plate finally arrives, and so does the missing emerald.
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Chhayabaji
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = The emerald is back but the mystery refuses to leave. Sambuddho has a new riddle and Eken Babu has a gun to his head.
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Barbar Ghughu Tumi
|DirectedBy = Joydeep Mukherjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Just as Eken Babu closes in on the truth and dreams of a sweet reward, he suddenly vanishes without a trace. Does this give way to a new mystery?
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

== Dubbed version ==
From November 2025 to December 2025 [[Sony SAB]] released ''Eken Babu'' in Hindi dub.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anirban Chakrabarti, who played detective Ekon Babu for Bengali audience, is ready for a bigger viewership |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/anirban-chakrabarti-who-played-detective-ekon-babu-for-bengali-audience-is-ready-for-a-bigger-viewership/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://ndtv.in/television/eken-babu-on-sony-sab-tv-special-interview-with-actor-anirban-chakraborty-9691092</ref>

==Movies==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Film adaptations
!Year
!Title
!Based on
!Location
|-
|2022
|''[[The Eken]]''
|"Manhattaner Madman"
|[[Darjeeling]]
|-
|2023
|''[[The Eken: Ruddhaswas Rajasthan]]''
|"Osommane Bidai"
|[[Rajasthan]]
|-
|2025
|''[[The Eken: Benaras e Bibhishika]]''
|"Ideal Jewellery"
|[[Benaras]]
|-
|2026
|The Eken: Keralay Kurukshetra <ref>{{Cite web |title=পুজোয় এবার একেনবাবু |url=https://www.aaroananda.com/story/entertainment-news/tollywood/eken-babu-film-returns-puja-battle-kerala-kurukshetra/10997883 |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=www.aaroananda.com |language=bn}}</ref>
|ucomming
|[[Kerala]]
|}
On 19 November 2021, [[Shree Venkatesh Films|Shree]]" [[Shree Venkatesh Films|Venkatesh Films]], announced the first film of the franchise, ''[[The Eken]]''. The film released in theatres on 14 April 2022. The film was shot in the hill station of [[Darjeeling]]. It was based on the story "''Manhattaner Madman"''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=বড়পর্দায় আসছে 'একেন বাবু'! দার্জিলিংয়ে রহস্যের সমাধানে বাঙালির নতুন গোয়েন্দা|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/bengali-popular-web-series-eken-babu-coming-on-big-screens/|access-date=2021-11-19|website=sangbadpratidin|language=bn}}</ref>

On 1 November 2022, SVF announced the second film, which will be shot in December 2022, in Rajasthan. Titled ''[[The Eken: Ruddhaswas Rajasthan]]'' and directed by [[Joydip Mukherjee]], the movie stars Anirban Chakrabarti, Suhotra Mukhopadhyay, Somak Ghosh, Sandipta Sen and [[Rajatava Dutta]] in central roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-27 |title=Eken Babu sets the mood for a 'Ruddhaswas Rajasthan' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/eken-babu-sets-the-mood-for-a-ruddhaswas-rajasthan/articleshow/97370772.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-06-17 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Indiablooms |title=In Images: The Eken-Ruddhaswas Rajasthan team chats over Bengali food {{!}} Indiablooms - First Portal on Digital News Management |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/photos-details/SBZ/8085/in-images-the-eken-ruddhaswas-rajasthan-team-chats-over-bengali-food.html |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=Indiablooms.com |date=3 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2022-11-04 |title=Eken Babu is set to return with a new quest titled 'The Eken, Ruddhaswas Rajasthan' |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/eken-babu-is-set-to-return-with-a-new-quest-titled-the-eken-ruddhaswas-rajasthan-1503128259.html |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=The Statesman |language=en-US}}</ref> The film released in theatres worldwide on 14 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Eken: Anirban Chakrabarti and others soak in Bengaliness with good food |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/the-eken-ruddhaswas-rajasthan-anirban-chakrabarti-and-others-soak-in-bengaliness-with-good-food-and-adda/37d223291d492 |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> It was loosely based on the story "''Sosommane Bidai".''

The third film titled ''[[The Eken: Benaras e Bibhishika]]'' was announced on January 2025. The film is directed by [[Joydip Mukherjee]] and produced by [[Shrikant Mohta]] and Mahendra Soni under the banner of [[Shree Venkatesh Films]] and Hoichoi Studios. It was released in the theatres on 16 May 2025. It is based on the novel "''Ideal Jewellery"''.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt9543666}}

[[Category:Ekenbabu]]
[[Category:Indian web series]]
[[Category:2017 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Bengali-language web series]]
[[Category:Hoichoi original programming]]

Poovellam Un Vaasam

2026-05-04T22:42:31Z

SabinaGuffey: starting a stub w/ infobox

{{short description|2001 film directed by Ezhil}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Poovellam Un Vaasam
| image = Poovellam Un Vaasam.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[S. Ezhil]]
| writer = S. Ezhil Na.Anbharasu (uncredited)
| producer = [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|V. Ravichandran]]
| starring = [[Ajith Kumar]] [[Jyothika]]
| cinematography = [[Arthur A. Wilson]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| studio = Oscar Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2001|8|17|ref1=}}
| runtime = 158 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Poovellam Un Vaasam''''' ({{translation|All flowers bear your fragrance}}) is a 2001 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written and directed by [[S. Ezhil]] and produced by [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|V. Ravichandran]]. It stars [[Ajith Kumar]] and [[Jyothika]] as childhood friends, alongside an ensemble supporting cast of [[Nagesh]], [[Sivakumar]], [[Sayaji Shinde]], [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], [[Yugendran]], and [[Kovai Sarala]].

''Poovellam Un Vaasam'' was released on 17 August 2001. It received positive reviews and became a commercial success.

== Plot ==
Two families stay in identical bungalows, adjacent to each other, tracing their friendship to over 40 years. Their respective progenies Chinna and Chella are childhood friends, their easy camaraderie and strong bonding carried over to their adult years. The two of them study in the same college, same class, zoom together on the motorbike, their togetherness at home and college, as accepted a fact as it was in films like ''[[Piriyadha Varam Vendum]]'' (2001). Somewhere along the way, the duo falls in love, throwing some soft glances at each other when the other is not looking.

Their college mate Karna, makes devious plans to separate the duo and make Chella his. He does not seem to have any running feud with Chinna, is quite friendly with the duo, and does not seem to be particularly in love with Chella. Chinna laps up all that Karna tells him about Chella loving him, and is heartbroken and goes out on a business trip. Chella, persuaded by both families to marry a NRI, boldly informs them that she loved Chinna and would marry him. The two families are happy.

Chinna returns home and learns of the preparation for his engagement ceremony. Feeling that since Chella loved Karna, it must be family pressure that must have forced her to agree. Chinna then backs out. It is Chella's turn to be indignant about Chinna's mistrust of her love, and after giving him a piece of her mind, she backs out, with Chinna pleading for acceptance. After a period of separation, during which all ties between the two families are severed, both soon come to realise that they cannot live without their dearest friends and lovers. Chinna and Chella with their families then reunite.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Ajith Kumar]] as Chinna
* [[Jyothika]] as Chella
* [[Sivakumar]] as Arunachalam, Chinna's father
* [[Janaki Sabesh]] as Janaki, Chinna's mother
* [[Nagesh]] as Murugesan, Chinna's grandfather
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as Rajasekar, as Chella's father
* Jaya Murali as Narmada, Chella's mother
* [[V. S. Raghavan]] as Chinnasamy, Chella's grandfather
* [[Sukumari]] as Chella's grandmother
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Varathan
* [[Yugendran]] as Karna
* [[Kovai Sarala]] as Kanniga
* [[Vaiyapuri]] as Durai
* [[Sona Heiden]] as Anitha
* [[Madhan Bob]] as Chella's family friend
* [[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Durai's grandmother
* [[Swaminathan]] as Saamy, cook
* [[Ilavarasu]] as Pandi, laundry owner
* [[Mayilswamy]] as a guest at Anitha's wedding
* [[Lavanya (actress)|Lavanya]] as Chinna's sister
* Prabhakaran Chandran "Prabhu" as Diwakar "Diwa", Chella's brother
* Mathiazhagan as a college professor
* [[Yukta Mookhey]] special appearance as herself in the song "Yukta Mookhey"
* [[Ezhil]] special appearance in the song "Yukta Mookhey"
* [[Raju Sundaram]] special appearance in the song "Yukta Mookhey"
}}

== Production ==
[[Ajith Kumar]] signed the film in early 2001 after pulling out of Praveenkanth's ''[[Star (2001 film)|Star]]''.<ref name="hindu2002">{{Cite web |date=26 April 2002 |title=A success team reunites |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/04/26/stories/2002042600970400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030704153642/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/04/26/stories/2002042600970400.htm |archive-date=4 July 2003 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The producers initially approached [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai]] and then [[Preity Zinta]] to star, with their refusals leading to the casting of [[Jyothika]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Whither K |url=http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/33Hot%20News%20Just%20for%20U6.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919031434/http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/33Hot%20News%20Just%20for%20U6.htm |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=Cinematoday2.itgo.com}}</ref> [[Miss World]] 1999, [[Yukta Mookhey]] was chosen to appear in an [[item number]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=பூவெல்லாம் உன் வாசம் |url=http://cinematoday3.itgo.com/Previews%20-%20Poovellam%20Un%20Vaasam.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919030419/http://cinematoday3.itgo.com/Previews%20-%20Poovellam%20Un%20Vaasam.htm |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=Cinematoday3.itgo.com}}</ref> Before filming began, Ajith became popular as an [[action hero]] due to films like ''[[Amarkkalam]]'', ''[[Dheena]]'' and ''[[Citizen (2001 film)|Citizen]]'', so producer [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|Ravichandran]] expressed his doubts to Ezhil about continuing a family-oriented film with an action hero like Ajith. But Ezhil was confident about Ajith's capabilities in pulling off varying roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2013 |title=Ezhil praises Ajith |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ezhil-praises-ajith/articleshow/18969013.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/TTnPq |archive-date=1 November 2024 |access-date=1 November 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Twin bungalows were erected in [[Prasad Studios]] for the film by art director Prabhakaran as the director could not locate a twin bungalow in the same compound.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rs 1 crore bungalow for Ajith film. |url=http://ajithkumar.free.fr/derniere07.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326191018/http://ajithkumar.free.fr/derniere07.htm |archive-date=26 March 2012 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=ajithkumar.fr.fm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |title=Poovellam Unn Vaasam |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/location/poovellam.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040821141014/http://www.chennaionline.com/location/poovellam.asp |archive-date=21 August 2004 |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> One house was built to feature antiques and the other with modern artefacts and computers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajitha |date=27 January 2001 |title=On the floors |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/jan/27tamil.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102101302/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/jan/27tamil.htm |archive-date=2 November 2012 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2001 |title=More romance in the offing |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/01/19/stories/09190226.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110070258/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/01/19/stories/09190226.htm |archive-date=10 November 2012 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It took seventy five days to complete the set with the help of six hundred people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/interviews/ravi.asp|title=Producer Ravichandran and his Midas touch|website=Chennai Online|access-date=2 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050108211002/http://www.chennaionline.com/interviews/ravi.asp|archive-date=8 January 2005}}</ref> During the making of the film, Ajith was admitted to a Chennai city hospital for a surgery of his backbone causing a month's delay in the film's release.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ajith wounded again during shoot |url=http://ajithkumar.free.fr/derniere06.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326191100/http://ajithkumar.free.fr/derniere06.htm |archive-date=26 March 2012 |access-date=1 December 2016 |website=ajithkumar.fr.fm}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]], with lyrics by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poovellam Unn Vaasam |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/poovellam-unn-vaasam/0lr-TdKHYh0_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901111028/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/poovellam-unn-vaasam/0lr-TdKHYh0_ |archive-date=1 September 2022 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=[[JioSaavn]]|date=January 2001 }}</ref> The song "Kaadhal Vandhadhum" is set in [[Kapi (raga)|Kapi]] raga. Vidyasagar reused the tune later in Telugu as "Pannendintiki Padukkonte", for the 2002 Telugu film ''[[Neetho (2002 film)|Neetho]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=7 December 2012 |title=Notes that intrigue |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/Notes-that-intrigue/article15616721.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118235754/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/Notes-that-intrigue/article15616721.ece |archive-date=18 January 2021}}</ref>

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 32:24
| title1 = Kaadhal Vandhadhum
| extra1 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| length1 = 5:35
| title2 = Pudhu Malar Thottu
| extra2 = [[Sriram Parthasarathy]]
| length2 = 4:42
| title3 = Thirumana Malargal
| extra3 = [[Swarnalatha]]
| length4 = 5:25
| title4 = Thalaattum Kaatre
| extra4 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length3 = 6:14
| title5 = Chella Namm Veettukku
| extra5 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[Harish Raghavendra]], Sangeetha Sajith
| length5 = 4:51
| title6 = Yukthaamukhi
| extra6 = [[Devan Ekambaram|Devan]], [[Clinton Cerejo]]
| length6 = 5:37
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Poovellam Un Vaasam'' was released on 17 August 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2019 |title=ஆகஸ்ட் மாதம் ரிலீசாகும் ஹிட் படங்கள்... அஜித்தின் சென்டிமென்ட்! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/ajith-movies-released-in-the-month-of-august-130809.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230607075945/https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/ajith-movies-released-in-the-month-of-august-130809.html |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=[[News18]] |language=ta}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' labelled it as "reasonably interesting", with Ajith's performance being praised as "natural and neat".<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2001 |title=Film Review: Poovellam Un Vaasam |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/08/24/stories/09240222.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050225044038/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/08/24/stories/09240222.htm |archive-date=25 February 2005 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Visual Dasan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'', playing on the film's title, said "Poovellam Serial Vaasam" (the flowers bear the smell of [[Serial (radio and television)|serials]]).<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=தாசன் |first=விஷுவல் |date=2 September 2001 |title=பூவெல்லாம் உன் வாசம் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2001-09-02/page/n97/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230607075559/https://archive.org/details/kalki2001-09-02/page/n97/mode/2up |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=7 June 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=96 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Rajitha of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote, "Trouble is the story/script/screenplay which, in a word, is insipid. To the point where, when the movie crescendoes with the two once-close families splitting amidst high drama, you put a polite hand up to stifle a yawn".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajitha |date=4 October 2001 |title=Yawn! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/oct/04poove.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172752/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/oct/04poove.htm |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=18 September 2022 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The success of the film prompted Ezhil, Ajith and Jyothika to team up for a venture the following year with ''[[Raja (2002 film)|Raja]]'' (2002).<ref name="hindu2002" /> K. N. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' called it "strictly for Ajith and Jyothika fans".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. N. |date=1 September 2001 |title=So lost in love |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2aktAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jXgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4056%2C491347 |access-date=2 November 2024 |website=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=35 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote "No effort has been spared to make it a lavish production. The songs are pleasantly picturised, with Arthur Wilson's camera capturing the richness of the sets and the colourful ambience. But what is lacking is a clear script and freshness in narration".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |title=Poovellam Unn Vasam |url=http://chennaionline.com/moviereviews/tammov140.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031212023322/http://chennaionline.com/moviereviews/tammov140.asp |archive-date=12 December 2003 |access-date=2 November 2024 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
''Poovellam Un Vaasam'' won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Family Film|Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Second Best Family Film]] and Ajith won a [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize|special prize from the committee]]. At the same ceremony, Sai won [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Costume Designer|Best Costume Designer]], Prabhakaran won [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Art Director|Best Art Director]], Kovai Sarala won [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Comedian|Best Comedian]] and Vidyasagar won [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2004 |title=Tamil Nadu announces film awards for three years |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/10733.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041024060415/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/10733.html |archive-date=24 October 2004 |access-date=19 October 2009 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref> Jyothika won the [[Cinema Express Award for Best Actress – Tamil]], which was given to her by Ajith at the [[Cinema Express Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2018 |title=Happy birthday Thala: Here are some rare photos of actor Ajith on his birthday |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/entertainment/2018/may/01/happy-birthday-thala-here-are-some-rare-photos-of-actor-ajith-on-his-birthday-101472--34.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002101458/http://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/entertainment/2018/may/01/happy-birthday-thala-here-are-some-rare-photos-of-actor-ajith-on-his-birthday-101472--34.html |archive-date=2 October 2019 |access-date=18 January 2020 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2011 |title=Jyothika Suriya: Beautiful at 33 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/jyothika-suriya-beautiful-at-33-11583 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607074653/https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/jyothika-suriya-beautiful-at-33-11583 |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Ajith was nominated for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]], and Jyothika for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 49th Annual Filmfare Awards -South {{!}} Nominees |url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/south2001/sthnom.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419010312/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/south2001/sthnom.html |archive-date=19 April 2015 |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Indiatimes}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{Ezhil}}

[[Category:2001 Indian films]]
[[Category:2001 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2001 drama films]]
[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. Ezhil]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Javid Hassan Baig

2026-05-02T14:58:39Z

SabinaGuffey: New A Pg Initial Version

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
'''Javid Hassan Baig''' (born 1964) is an Indian politician from [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. He is an MLA from [[Baramulla Assembly constituency]] in [[Baramulla district]]. He won the [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2014-12-23 |title=Jammu and Kashmir Assembly election winners list |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2015/jammu-and-kashmir/story/jammu-kashmir-election-winners-list-assembly-polls-results-bjp-congress-pdp-nc-232557-2014-12-23 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> and the [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] as a member of the [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]].

== Early life and education ==
Baig is from Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir. He is the son of Mohammad Hassan Baig. His wife is a government teacher. He completed his B.A. at a college affiliated with University of Kashmir, Srinagar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Javid Hassan Baig(JKPDP):Constituency- BARAMULLA(BARAMULLA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/jk2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=401 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Baig won from Baramulla Assembly constituency representing the [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party]] in the 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election. He polled 14,418 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Gh. Hassan Rahi of the [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]], by a margin of 7,017 votes.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.oneindia.com/elections/jammu-and-kashmir-mlas-list/ | title=Jammu and Kashmir MLA List 2024: Full List of Winners from JKNC, BJP and Others - Oneindia }}</ref> In July 2018, he rebelled against the party but later in September 2018, he rejoined the JKPDP fold.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-11 |title=I'm back in PDP: Javaid Baig |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/im-back-in-pdp-javaid-baig/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref> He again quit the party and joined the National Conference, winning in 2024 from the Baramulla assembly and defeating his closest rival and independent candidate Shoaib Nabi Lone by a margin of 11,773 votes.
== Electoral performance ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Election !! Constituency !! colspan="2"|Party !! Result !! Votes % !! Opposition Candidate !! colspan="2"|Opposition Party !! Opposition vote %|| Ref
|-
|[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]||[[Baramulla Assembly constituency|Baramulla]]||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}||{{Won}}||32.75%||Shoaib Nabi Lone||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||15.63%||<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bandipora|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|access-date=10 October 2024|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072117/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|archive-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]||[[Baramulla Assembly constituency|Baramulla]]||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}||{{Won}}||43.75%||Ghulam Hassan Rahi||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||22.46%||<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baig, Javid Hassan}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2014–2018]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Baramulla]]
[[Category:Jammu & Kashmir National Conference politicians]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2024–2029]]

List of Yash Raj Films films

2026-05-01T23:20:50Z

SabinaGuffey: Creating New Page.

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
[[File:Yash Chopra 2012.jpg|thumb|[[Yash Chopra]], the founder of [[Yash Raj Films]], pictured in 2012. He directed 13 films for the company between 1973 and 2012, |alt=Yash Chopra is standing with his hands in his pockets, and looking away from the camera]]
[[File:Aditya Chopra returns from vacation.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Aditya Chopra]], the elder son of Yash Chopra and the company's managing director. He directed 4 films for the company.]]
[[Yash Raj Films]] (abbreviated as YRF) is an [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[entertainment]] company, established by filmmaker [[Yash Chopra]] in 1970, that [[film production|produces]] and [[film distribution|distributes]] motion pictures.<ref name="Punathambekar2013">{{cite book|last=Punathambekar |first=Aswin |title=From Bombay to Bollywood: The Making of a Global Media Industry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nsiyynyoZ1AC&pg=PA195 |date=24 July 2013 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-0-8147-7189-1 |pages=195–197 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404230405/https://books.google.com/books?id=nsiyynyoZ1AC&pg=PA195 |archive-date= 4 April 2017 }}</ref><ref name="results">{{cite news|last=Bhushan |first=Nyay |title=Yash Chopra: Producing results |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/yash-chopra-producing-results-89812 |date=8 October 2009 |access-date=30 December 2014 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208053915/https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/yash-chopra-producing-results-89812 |archive-date= 8 February 2015 }}</ref> As of 2022, the company has produced over 80 [[Bollywood|Hindi]] films and one [[Tamil Cinema|Tamil]] film. YRF started a film distribution business in 1997;<ref name="distribution">{{cite book|title=Business of Cinema.com |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gq_LrAjaiJ8C&pg=PA36 |date=March 2008 |publisher=Join The Dots Media Pvt. Ltd. |page=28 |id=GGKEY:QKBD4RDWLXK |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404230950/https://books.google.com/books?id=Gq_LrAjaiJ8C&pg=PA36 |archive-date=2017-04-04 }}</ref> in addition to distributing their own productions, the company has handled the domestic and/or international distribution of over 50 films from other companies. The most frequent collaborations of the company have been with the actors [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Raakhee]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Kajol]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Anushka Sharma]], [[Katrina Kaif]], and [[Saif Ali Khan]].

YRF's first release came in 1973 with the Chopra-directed ''[[Daag (1973 film)|Daag]]'', a drama about [[bigamy]], starring [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Raakhee]] and [[Sharmila Tagore]].<ref name="Chintamani2014">{{cite book|last=Chintamani |first=Gautam |title=Dark Star: The Loneliness of Being Rajesh Khanna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AuiBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT76 |date=15 September 2014 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India |isbn=978-93-5136-340-8 |pages=76–78 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406201141/https://books.google.com/books?id=5AuiBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT76 |archive-date= 6 April 2017 }}</ref> The company had four more releases in the 1970s, including the ensemble romantic drama ''[[Kabhi Kabhie]]'' and the action film ''[[Kaala Patthar]]'', both of which starred [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and Raakhee.<ref name="GulazāraNihalani2003">{{cite book|last1=Gulzar |last2=Nihalani |first2=Govind |last3=Chatterjee |first3=Saibal |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PT565 |year=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-066-5 |page=565 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103081204/http://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PT565 |archive-date=2014-01-03 }}</ref> YRF's sole commercial success in the 1980s was the [[Sridevi]]-starring romantic musical ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]''.<ref name="GulazāraNihalani2003"/> The year 1995 marked the directorial debut of Chopra's elder son [[Aditya Chopra]] with the highly successful romantic drama ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=all_time_earners|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107103929/http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=all_time_earners|archive-date=7 January 2012|title=All Time Grossers|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=13 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Somaaya2008">{{cite book|last=Somaaya |first=Bhawana |title=Fragmented Frames: Reflections of a Critic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQ3Yi9VPU8QC&pg=PP114 |date=1 January 2008 |publisher=Pustak Mahal |isbn=978-81-223-1016-0 |page=114 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406203948/https://books.google.com/books?id=HQ3Yi9VPU8QC&pg=PP114 |archive-date= 6 April 2017 }}</ref> Starring [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]] and [[Kajol]], the film has the longest theatrical run in Indian cinema history.<ref name="ddlj">{{cite web |title='DDLJ' to complete 1000 weeks at Maratha Mandir theatre on Friday |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/517598/ddlj-to-complete-1000-weeks-at-maratha-mandir-theatre-on-friday.html |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=11 December 2014 |access-date=11 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530051347/http://www.ibnlive.com/videos/india/ddlj-1000-weeks-730712.html |archive-date=30 May 2015 }}</ref> Other successful releases of the 1990s were ''[[Darr]]'' (1993) and ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]'' (1997), both starring Khan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=126&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5|title=Top Lifetime Grossers 1990–1999 (Figures in Ind Rs)|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=13 January 2014|date=1 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014072959/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=126&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5|archive-date=14 October 2013}}</ref>

Since the 2000s, YRF produced a larger number of films. In addition to directorial ventures from Yash and Aditya, the company launched several new directors, including [[Sanjay Gadhvi]], [[Vijay Krishna Acharya]], [[Kunal Kohli]], [[Siddharth Anand]], [[Shaad Ali]], and [[Ali Abbas Zafar]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Jain |first=Priyanka |title=Come on, show me the money! |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/come-on-show-me-the-money/article1-888451.aspx |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=13 July 2012 |access-date=30 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129023613/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/come-on-show-me-the-money/article1-888451.aspx |archive-date=29 November 2014 }}</ref> Some of the company's top-grossing films in the 2000s include Gadhvi's action thrillers ''[[Dhoom]]'' (2004) and ''[[Dhoom 2]]'' (2006), Kohli's romantic thriller ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]'' (2006), Ali's crime comedy ''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]'' (2005), Yash's period romantic drama ''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' (2004), and Aditya Chopra's dramas ''[[Mohabbatein]]'' (2000) and ''[[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]'' (2008).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=127&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|title=Top Lifetime Grossers 2000–2009 (Figures in Ind Rs)|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=13 January 2014|date=1 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014070531/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=127&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|archive-date=14 October 2013}}</ref> Beginning in 2008, the company introduced a number of new actors such as Anushka Sharma, [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Parineeti Chopra]], [[Arjun Kapoor]], [[Bhumi Pednekar]], and [[Vaani Kapoor]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Yash Raj Films to launch newcomers every two years|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Yash-Raj-Films-to-launch-newcomers-every-two-years/articleshow/12729717.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 April 2012|access-date=30 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407193022/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Yash-Raj-Films-to-launch-newcomers-every-two-years/articleshow/12729717.cms|archive-date=7 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

YRF's highest-grossing films came in the 2010s with the [[YRF Spy Universe]] action thrillers ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' (2012), ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' (2017) and ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'' (2019), the action sequel ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' (2013), and the sports drama ''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]'' (2016). All five films rank among the [[List of highest-grossing Hindi films|highest-grossing Hindi films of all time]].<ref name="alltime">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/all-time/ |title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide: All Time |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=6 February 2023 }}</ref> Following a series of commercial failures in the early 2020s,<ref>{{cite web|last=Seta|first=Fenil|title=With Shamshera's debacle, Yash Raj Films has given five back-to-back flops. Trade experts share their views on whether brand YRF has got affected|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/shamsheras-debacle-yash-raj-films-given-five-back-back-flops-trade-experts-share-views-whether-brand-yrf-got-affected/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=29 July 2012|access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref> the company produced the fourth instalment in the YRF Spy Universe, ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023), starring Shah Rukh Khan and directed by Siddharth Anand, which earned over {{INRConvert|10|b}} to rank as the company's highest-grossing release.<ref name="alltime"/>

==Films produced==
[[File:Rakhee Gulzar.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Raakhee]] played the lead female role in four of the five productions of Yash Raj Films in the 1970s.]]
[[File:Amitabh Bachchan December 2013.png|right|thumb|145px|[[Amitabh Bachchan]] has collaborated with Yash Raj Films on six projects, playing leading roles in three of them.]]
[[File:Rishi Kapoor.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Rishi Kapoor]] has collaborated with Yash Raj Films on ten projects.{{efn|name=rishi|This does not include a guest appearance in ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Malani|first=Gaurav|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Jab-Tak-Hai-Jaan-Yash-Chopras-immortal-love-story/articleshow/17205991.cms|title=Jab Tak Hai Jaan: Yash Chopra's immortal love story|accessdate=31 December 2014|work=The Times of India|date=13 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108015735/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Jab-Tak-Hai-Jaan-Yash-Chopras-immortal-love-story/articleshow/17205991.cms|archive-date=8 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>}}]]
[[File:Sridevi.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Sridevi]] played the title role in Yash Raj Films' most successful film of the 1980s {{mdash}} ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]'' (1989).<ref name="GulazāraNihalani2003"/>]]
[[File:Shahrukh interacts with media after KKR's maiden IPL title.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Shah Rukh Khan]] has worked with Yash Raj Films on ten projects, including their highest-grossing release ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023)]]
[[File:Hrithik at Rado launch.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Hrithik Roshan]] has worked with Yash Raj Films on four projects, beginning with ''[[Mujhse Dosti Karoge!]]'' (2002).]]
[[File:Kajol at Dilwale press conference.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Kajol]] played the lead role in ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' (1995) {{mdash}} the film with the longest theatrical run in Indian cinema history.<ref name="ddlj"/>]]
[[File:Rani Mukerji 2009 (2).jpg|thumb|145px|[[Rani Mukerji]] has worked with Yash Raj Films on fourteen projects, beginning with ''[[Mujhse Dosti Karoge!]]'' (2002).]]
[[File:Preity Zinta at an event for ISHKQ IN PARIS.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Preity Zinta]] starred in three of the company's productions in the 2000s.]]
[[File:Abhi 2013.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Abhishek Bachchan]] played the lead role in the [[Dhoom (film series)|''Dhoom'' franchise]] (2004–13).]]
[[File:Saif at 2014 Stardust.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Saif Ali Khan]] has played leading roles in seven of the company's films.]]
[[File:Katrina Kaif 2011.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Katrina Kaif]] has collaborated with Yash Raj Films on eight projects, beginning with ''[[New York (2009 film)|New York]]'' (2009)]]
[[File:Ranveer Singh at Sahara Star New Year's bash press meet2.jpg|thumb|145px|[[Ranveer Singh]] made his acting debut with ''[[Band Baaja Baaraat]]'' (2010), after which he worked with the company for five more films. ]]
[[File:Anushka Sharma 2015.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Anushka Sharma]] made her acting debut with ''[[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]'' (2008) and has collaborated with the company six more times.]]
[[File:Parineeti Chopra inaugurates a school on wheels (03).jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Parineeti Chopra]] has collaborated with Yash Raj Films on seven projects, including her debut film ''[[Ladies vs Ricky Bahl]]'' (2011).]]
[[File:Arjun Kapoor at the 59th Filmfare Pre-Awards Party.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Arjun Kapoor]] made his acting debut with ''[[Ishaqzaade]]'' (2012) and has since worked with the company three more times.]]
[[File:Vaani Kapoor from Befikre promotion.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Vaani Kapoor]] made her acting debut with ''[[Shuddh Desi Romance]]'' (2013) and has collaborated with the company on four more films.]]
[[File:Sharvari Wagh.png|right|thumb|145px|[[Sharvari]] made her acting debut with ''[[Bunty Aur Babli 2]]'' (2021) and has collaborated with the company on three more films.]]
[[File:Aamir Khan 2013.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Aamir Khan]] has starred in two top-grossing films of the company, ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]'' (2006) and ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' (2013).]]
[[File:Salman Khan at Renault Star Guild Awards.jpg|right|thumb|145px|[[Salman Khan]] has starred in four of the company's highest-grossing releases, including the three films in the [[Tiger (franchise)|''Tiger'' film series]].]]
[[File:Ali Abbas Zafar in 2016.jpg|thumb|145px|[[Ali Abbas Zafar]] has directed four films for the company, including ''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]'' (2016) and ''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]'' (2017).]]
[[File:Siddharth Anand at the special screening of ‘Chaar Sahibzaade – Rise of Banda Singh Bahadur’ (cropped).jpg|thumb|145px|[[Siddharth Anand]] has directed five films for the company, including the [[YRF Spy Universe]] films ''[[War (2019 film)|War]]'' (2019) and ''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]'' (2023).]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" | Cast
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Synopsis
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Ref heading}}
|-
| 1973
! scope="row" |''[[Daag (1973 film)|Daag]]''
|{{sortname|Yash|Chopra}}
| [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Sharmila Tagore]], [[Raakhee]]
|A woman learns her presumed-dead husband is alive and married to someone else.
|<ref name="Chintamani2014"/>
|-
|1976
! scope="row" |''[[Kabhi Kabhie]]''
|{{sortname|Yash|Chopra}}
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Raakhee]], [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Waheeda Rehman]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Neetu Singh]]
|An aspiring poet and a young woman fall in love but marry others, only to be brought together years later through their children.
|<ref name="Ganti2013">{{cite book|last=Ganti |first=Tejaswini |title=Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2GAdCp1VAf0C&pg=PA135 |date=5 March 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-84929-9 |pages=135–140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112001849/http://books.google.com/books?id=2GAdCp1VAf0C |archive-date=12 January 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| 1977
! scope="row" |''[[Doosra Aadmi]]''
| {{sortname|Ramesh|Talwar}}
| [[Raakhee]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Neetu Singh]], [[Shashi Kapoor]]
|A successful woman becomes infatuated with a younger married man who reminds her of her late lover.
|<ref name="Jain2009">{{cite book|last=Jain|first=Madhu|title=Kapoors: The First Family of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l3heZ8I-k9AC&pg=PT273|date=17 April 2009|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-813-9|page=273|access-date=4 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326071210/https://books.google.com/books?id=l3heZ8I-k9AC&pg=PT273|archive-date=26 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
| 1979
! scope="row" |''[[Noorie]]''
| {{sortname|Manmohan|Krishna}}
| [[Farooq Sheikh]], [[Poonam Dhillon]]
|After a young woman takes her life following a sexual assault, her fiancé sets out to avenge her death.
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Bhattacharya|first=Roshmilla|title='Noorie' still makes me shiver: Farooque Shaikh|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Noorie-still-makes-me-shiver-Farooque-Shaikh/articleshow/18286022.cms|date=1 February 2013|access-date=26 December 2014|work=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221173013/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Noorie-still-makes-me-shiver-Farooque-Shaikh/articleshow/18286022.cms|archive-date=21 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
| 1979
! scope="row" |''[[Kaala Patthar]]''
| {{sortname|Yash|Chopra}}
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Raakhee]], [[Parveen Babi]], [[Neetu Singh]], [[Sanjeev Kumar]]
|A disgraced sea captain becomes a coal miner and, with the support of his colleagues, leads a fight for workers’ rights.
|<ref name="LewisLewis2014">{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=David|last2=Woolcock|first2=Michael|last3=Rodgers|first3=Dennis|title=Popular Representations of Development: Insights from Novels, Films, Television and Social Media|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=42anAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA141|date=23 January 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-90256-8|page=141|access-date=4 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326052016/https://books.google.com/books?id=42anAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA141|archive-date=26 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last=Us Salam |first=Ziya |title=Kaala Pathhar (1979) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/kaala-patthar-1979/article4172341.ece |date=7 December 2012 |access-date=26 December 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831223141/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/kaala-patthar-1979/article4172341.ece |archive-date=31 August 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="2" | 1981
! scope="row" |''[[Nakhuda (film)|Nakhuda]]''
| {{sortname|Dilip|Naik|nolink=yes}}
| [[Raj Kiran (Bollywood actor)|Raj Kiran]], [[Swaroop Sampat]], [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]]
|A loyal protégé’s relationship with his mentor begins to fracture after his wealthy father-in-law manipulates him for personal gain.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Nakhuda (1981) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/504446 |access-date=26 December 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226144935/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/504446 |archive-date=26 December 2014 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Silsila (1981 film)|Silsila]]''
| {{sortname|Yash|Chopra}}
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Jaya Bachchan]], [[Rekha]], [[Sanjeev Kumar]]
| After his brother's death, a man marries his brother's pregnant girlfriend, only to later reignite a love affair with his now-married former lover.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=100 Filmfare Days: Day 55- Silsila |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/100-filmfare-days-day-55-silsila-6452.html |access-date=26 December 2014 |date=18 June 2014 |work=[[Filmfare]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226140924/http://www.filmfare.com/features/100-filmfare-days-day-55-silsila-6452.html |archive-date=26 December 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| 1982
! scope="row" |''[[Sawaal (film)|Sawaal]]''
| {{sortname|Ramesh|Talwar}}
| [[Sanjeev Kumar]], [[Poonam Dhillon]], [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Randhir Kapoor]], [[Waheeda Rehman]]
| A powerful criminal's world unravels when his daughter falls in love with a police officer and his son turns against his criminal empire.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Sawaal (1982) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540349 |access-date=26 December 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226145516/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540349 |archive-date=26 December 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| 1984
! scope="row" |''[[Mashaal]]''
| {{sortname|Yash|Chopra}}
| [[Dilip Kumar]], [[Waheeda Rehman]], [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Rati Agnihotri]]
| An honest journalist who exposes a drug lord loses his career and seeks revenge, but a vagabond he once saved tries to steer him away from a life of crime.
|<ref name="GulazāraNihalani2003"/> <ref name="Chaudhuri2014">{{cite book|last=Chaudhuri|first=Diptakirti|title=Bollybook: The Big Book of Hindi Movie Trivia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gq-CBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT250|date=12 September 2014|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-93-5118-799-8|page=250|access-date=4 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326063010/https://books.google.com/books?id=gq-CBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT250|archive-date=26 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
| 1985
! scope="row" |''[[Faasle]]''
|{{sortname|Yash|Chopra}}
| [[Sunil Dutt]], [[Rekha]], [[Farooq Sheikh]], [[Farah (actress)|Farah]], [[Deepti Naval]], [[Raj Kiran (Bollywood actor)|Raj Kiran]], [[Rohan Kapoor (actor)|Rohan Kapoor]]
| A widower struggles to balance raising his children and his relationship with a younger woman, but disapproves when his daughter chooses to marry her lover.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Faasle (1985) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/505728 |access-date=26 December 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226154639/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/505728 |archive-date=26 December 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| 1988
! scope="row" |''[[Vijay (1988 film)|Vijay]]''
|{{sortname|Yash|Chopra}}
| [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Hema Malini]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Meenakshi Sheshadri]]
| Two friends become enemies upon discovering they are first cousins, with their destinies shaped by the manipulation of their evil grandfather.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Vijay (1988) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508676 |access-date=26 December 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226154335/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508676 |archive-date=26 December 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| 1989
! scope="row" |''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]''
|{{sortname|Yash|Chopra}}
| [[Sridevi]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Waheeda Rehman]]
| After her fiancé becomes paralysed in an accident and pushes her away, a heartbroken woman finds comfort in the home of a middle-aged widower.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Yash Chopra's greatest hits |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Yash-Chopra-s-greatest-hits/Article1-948908.aspx |date=23 October 2012 |access-date=26 December 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126002510/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Yash-Chopra-s-greatest-hits/Article1-948908.aspx |archive-date=26 November 2012 }}</ref>

|-
| 1991
! scope="row" |''[[Lamhe]]''
|{{sortname|Yash|Chopra}}
| [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Sridevi]], [[Waheeda Rehman]], [[Anupam Kher]]
| A man falls in love with an older woman who marries someone else, and years later, her daughter falls in love with him.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=The very best of Yash Chopra: Lamhe (1991) |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-very-best-films-of-yash-chopra/20121022.htm#12 |date=22 October 2012 |access-date=26 December 2014 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223224806/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-very-best-films-of-yash-chopra/20121022.htm |archive-date=23 February 2015 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="2" | 1993
! scope="row" |''[[Aaina (1993 film)|Aaina]]''
| {{sortname|Deepak|Sareen}}
| [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Amrita Singh]], [[Juhi Chawla]]
| Two sisters fall in love with the same man, leading to jealousy and heartbreak when he marries one, only for the other to return and claim him.
|<ref name="GHOSH2013">{{cite book|last=Ghosh|first=Avijit|title=40 Retakes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iStBAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT133|date=25 September 2013|publisher=Westland|isbn=978-93-83260-31-7|pages=133–135|access-date=4 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326074602/https://books.google.com/books?id=iStBAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT133|archive-date=26 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Darr]]''
| {{sortname|Yash|Chopra}}
| [[Sunny Deol]], [[Juhi Chawla]], [[Shah Rukh Khan]]
| A newly-wed woman is stalked by an obsessed man claiming to be in love with her, and with her husband's help, she tries to escape his harassment.
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Anthikad-Chhibber |first=Mini |title=Swiss watch! |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/swiss-watch/article1761287.ece |date=23 April 2011 |access-date=26 December 2014 |work=The Hindu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222073832/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/swiss-watch/article1761287.ece |archive-date=22 February 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| 1994
! scope="row" |''[[Yeh Dillagi]]''
| {{sortname|Naresh|Malhotra|nolink=yes}}
| [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Kajol]]
| Two brothers with contrasting personalities fall in love with their chauffeur's daughter, a model, causing tension with their domineering mother.
|<ref name="McNally2010">{{cite book|last=McNally |first=Karen |title=Billy Wilder, Movie-Maker: Critical Essays on the Films |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LAOzV2hJri8C |date=16 December 2010 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-8520-8 |pages=216–217 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627190906/http://books.google.com/books?id=LAOzV2hJri8C |archive-date=27 June 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| 1995
! scope="row" |''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]''
| {{sortname|Aditya|Chopra}}
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Kajol]]
| A teenage girl falls in love with a flirtatious boy during a trip across Europe, but is forced by her father to marry someone else.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=DDLJ: Ten years, everybody cheers |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/may/13raja.htm |date=13 May 2005 |author=Sen, Raja |access-date=29 January 2011 |work=Rediff.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530014324/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/may/13raja.htm |archive-date=30 May 2015 }}</ref>

|-
| 1997
! scope="row" |''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]''
| {{sortname|Yash|Chopra}}
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Madhuri Dixit]], [[Karisma Kapoor]], [[Akshay Kumar]]
| A stage dancer falls for her director, but he is in love with another dancer who is engaged to her childhood friend.
|<ref name="Raj2009">{{cite book|last=Raj |first=Ashok |title=Hero Vol.2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wo9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT143 |date=1 November 2009 |publisher=Hay House, Inc |isbn=978-93-81398-03-6 |page=143 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230075920/https://books.google.com/books?id=2wo9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT143 |archive-date=30 December 2016 }}</ref>

|-
| 2000
! scope="row" |''[[Mohabbatein]]''
| {{sortname|Aditya|Chopra}}
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai]], [[Uday Chopra]], [[Shamita Shetty]], [[Jugal Hansraj]], [[Kim Sharma]], [[Jimmy Shergill]], [[Preeti Jhangiani]]
| A music teacher inspires his students to stand up against their authoritarian principal to avenge the suicide of his girlfriend.
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/57069 |title=Mohabbatein |access-date=7 July 2014 |author=Adarsh, Taran |date=15 December 2000 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520143737/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/57069 |archive-date=20 May 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="3" | 2002
! scope="row" |''[[Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai]]''
| {{sortname|Sanjay|Gadhvi}}
| [[Uday Chopra]], [[Tulip Joshi|Sanjana]], [[Jimmy Shergill]], [[Bipasha Basu]]
| A man decides to break the engagement of his childhood friend after realising that he is in love with her.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/07mere.htm |title=Meet Bollywood's Julia Roberts and Meg Ryan |access-date=27 December 2014 |author=Verma, Sukanya |date=7 June 2002 |work=Rediff.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924141726/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jun/07mere.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Mujhse Dosti Karoge!]]''
| {{sortname|Kunal|Kohli}}
| [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Kareena Kapoor Khan|Kareena Kapoor]], [[Uday Chopra]]
| A man falls for a woman, believing her e-mails were written by her, unaware that they were actually sent by her childhood friend, who secretly loves him.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/aug/09dosti.htm |title=Why Hrithik is a heartthrob! |access-date=27 December 2014 |author=Verma, Sukanya |date=9 August 2002 |work=Rediff.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721014516/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/aug/09dosti.htm |archive-date=21 July 2015 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]''
| {{sortname|Shaad|Ali}}
| [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Vivek Oberoi]]
| A couple faces a series of troubles and misunderstandings after eloping and getting married.
| <ref>{{cite news|author=Jhunjhunwala, Udita|title=Saathiya |work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=21 December 2002|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/hindimoviesreview/2002/december/39633.htm|access-date=26 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030202113210/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/hindimoviesreview/2002/december/39633.htm|archive-date=2 February 2003}}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="3" | 2004
! scope="row" |''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]''
| {{sortname|Kunal|Kohli}}
| [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Rani Mukerji]]
| A man and a woman cross paths at various stages of their lives and eventually fall in love after the woman's husband dies.
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Mahesh |first=Chitra |title=Hum Tum |date=4 June 2004 |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/06/04/stories/2004060401780300.htm |access-date=25 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040912105133/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/06/04/stories/2004060401780300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=12 September 2004 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Dhoom]]''
| {{sortname|Sanjay|Gadhvi}}
| [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[John Abraham]], [[Uday Chopra]], [[Esha Deol]], [[Rimi Sen]]
| A police officer and a motorbike dealer team up to catch a group of bank robbers.
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Dhoom : Movie Review |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/65066 |date=27 August 2004 |first=Taran |last=Adarsh |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235816/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/65066 |archive-date= 2 December 2013 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Veer-Zaara]]''
| {{sortname|Yash|Chopra}}
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Preity Zinta]], [[Rani Mukerji]]
| An [[Indian Air Force]] pilot falls in love with a Pakistani woman, leading to his wrongful imprisonment for 22 years, while a Pakistani lawyer fights for his freedom.
| <ref name="Bhattacharya2013">{{cite book|last=Bhattacharya|first=Nandini|title=Hindi Cinema: Repeating the Subject|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wfByP2TG8MoC&pg=PA104|date=7 May 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-18987-6|pages=104–108|access-date=4 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326080008/https://books.google.com/books?id=wfByP2TG8MoC&pg=PA104|archive-date=26 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="3" | 2005
! scope="row" |''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]''
| {{sortname|Shaad|Ali}}
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Rani Mukerji]]
| Two villagers run away and become con artists under the aliases Bunty and Babli, while an alcoholic policeman tries to catch them.
| <ref>{{cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |title=Bunty aur Babli |date=13 June 2005 |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?227633 |access-date=7 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202165402/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?227633 |archive-date=2 February 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Salaam Namaste]]''
| {{sortname|Siddharth|Anand}}
| [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Preity Zinta]]
| A couple living together in [[Melbourne]] faces complications when the woman becomes pregnant, and the man refuses to take responsibility.
| <ref>{{cite news|author=Gates, Anita |title=True to the Bollywood Look, While Defying Traditions |date=10 September 2005 |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2005/09/10/movies/10nama.html?_r=1&oref=slogin |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=7 February 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217024347/http://movies.nytimes.com/2005/09/10/movies/10nama.html?_r=1&oref=slogin |archive-date=17 February 2012 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Neal 'n' Nikki]]''
| {{sortname|Arjun|Sablok|nolink=yes}}
| [[Uday Chopra]], [[Tanishaa Mukerji]]
| A man plans to sleep with 21 women before marriage, but his plans are interrupted by a free-spirited woman.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/dec/09neal.htm |title=Neal 'N' Nikki better not be a hit! |access-date=27 December 2014 |author=Sen, Raja |date=9 December 2005 |work=Rediff.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302073907/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/dec/09neal.htm |archive-date= 2 March 2015 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="3" | 2006
! scope="row" |''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]''
| {{sortname|Kunal|Kohli}}
| [[Aamir Khan]], [[Kajol]]
| A blind woman falls in love with an undercover terrorist who abandons her, and years later, after regaining her sight, she cares for him without realizing his true identity.
| <ref>{{cite news|last=Kamat |first=Sudish |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/06/02/stories/2006060201010200.htm |title=Absolute non-starter — Fanaa |date=2 June 2006 |access-date=1 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223030836/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/06/02/stories/2006060201010200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=23 February 2014 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Dhoom 2]]''
| {{sortname|Sanjay|Gadhvi}}
| [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai]], [[Uday Chopra]], [[Bipasha Basu]], [[Rimi Sen]]
| A team of police officers tries to catch a skilled jewel thief, using a petty thief to seduce him, but her loyalty to the police is called into question.
| <ref>{{cite news|title=A Modern Bollywood Treatment of Mischief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/27/movies/27dhoo.html?_r=0|date=27 November 2006|work=The New York Times|access-date=27 December 2014|first=Rachel|last=Saltz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326140125/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/27/movies/27dhoo.html?_r=0|archive-date=26 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kabul Express]]''
| {{sortname|Kabir|Khan|link=Kabir Khan (director)}}
| [[John Abraham]], [[Arshad Warsi]], [[Salman Shahid]], [[Linda Arsenio]]
| Two Indian journalists and an American journalist are held hostage by a Taliban militant while trying to cross the border into Pakistan.
| <ref>{{cite web|last=Masand|first=Rajeev|publisher=CNN-IBN|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict-kabul-express/28609-8.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141227043333/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict-kabul-express/28609-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 December 2014 |title=Masand's Verdict: Kabul Express|date=16 December 2006|access-date=1 June 2012}}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="5" | 2007
! scope="row" |''[[Ta Ra Rum Pum]]''
| {{sortname|Siddharth|Anand}}
| [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Rani Mukerji]]
| A car racing champion loses his career after an accident, and his family faces hardships before he makes a triumphant comeback.
| <ref>{{cite news |last=Mohamed |first=Khalid |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/review-ta-ra-rum-pum/article1-218976.aspx |title=Review: Ta Ra Rum Pum |date=27 April 2007 |access-date=27 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227085736/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/review-ta-ra-rum-pum/article1-218976.aspx |archive-date=27 December 2014 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Jhoom Barabar Jhoom]]''
| {{sortname|Shaad|Ali}}
| [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Bobby Deol]], [[Preity Zinta]], [[Lara Dutta]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
| Two strangers at a train station lie about their partners while secretly falling for each other, and hire others to be their partners for a dance competition.
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Kazmi|first=Nikhat|work=The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/Jhoom-Barabar-Jhoom/movie-review/2127129.cms|title=Jhoom Barabar Jhoom|date=16 June 2007|access-date=27 December 2014}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Chak De! India]]''
| {{sortname|Shimit|Amin}}
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]]
| A disgraced hockey player tries to redeem himself by coaching a group of underachievers in the [[India women's national field hockey team]] to win the world cup.
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/review-chak-des-a-winner-all-the-way/46605-8.html |title=Review: Chak De's ... a winner all the way |publisher=CNN-IBN |author=Masand, Rajeev |date=16 February 2008 |access-date=12 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204100319/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/review-chak-des-a-winner-all-the-way/46605-8.html |archive-date= 4 February 2012 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Laaga Chunari Mein Daag]]''
| {{sortname|Pradeep|Sarkar}}
| [[Jaya Bachchan]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Konkona Sen Sharma]], [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]], [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Anupam Kher]]
| To support her family, a young woman moves to the city in search of work, but hardships lead her to become a female escort.
|<ref>{{cite news|author=Gupta, Shubhra|work=[[The Indian Express]]|title=Laaga Chunari Mein Daag|date=1 November 2007|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/laga-chunari-mein-daag/228028/0|access-date=27 November 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140201165350/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/laga-chunari-mein-daag/228028/0|archive-date=1 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Aaja Nachle]]''
| {{sortname|Anil|Mehta}}
| [[Madhuri Dixit]], [[Konkona Sen Sharma]], [[Akshaye Khanna]], [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]]
| A [[New York (state)|New York]]-based choreographer returns to her hometown in India to save a dance theatre from being demolished by a local politician.
| <ref>{{cite news|last=Saltz |first=Rachel |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/01/movies/01nach.html |title=Come Back to Bollywood |date=1 December 2007 |access-date=27 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605034306/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/01/movies/01nach.html |archive-date= 5 June 2015 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="5" | 2008
! scope="row" |''[[Tashan (film)|Tashan]]''
| {{sortname|Vijay Krishna|Acharya}}
| [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Kareena Kapoor Khan|Kareena Kapoor]], [[Anil Kapoor]]
| A woman steals money from her criminal boss, who then hires her disgruntled ex-lover and a gangster to track her down.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/25tashan2.htm |title=The Tashan The Timepass |work=Rediff.com |author=Sen, Raja |date=25 April 2008 |access-date=27 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226120216/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/25tashan2.htm |archive-date=26 February 2014 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic]]''{{efn|name=kohli|The film was co-produced with Kunal Kohli Productions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201927 |title=Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic (2008) |access-date=3 January 2015 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213195744/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201927 |archive-date=13 December 2014 }}</ref>}}
| {{sortname|Kunal|Kohli}}
| [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Ameesha Patel]]
| An angel comes to Earth to help four troubled kids after a judge orders a loner to take custody of them following an accident that kills their parents.
| <ref>{{cite news |last=Mohamed |first=Khalid |work=Hindustan Times |title=Review: Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic |date=27 June 2008 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Reviews/Review-Thoda-Pyaar-Thoda-Magic/Article1-320208.aspx |access-date=7 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310232149/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Reviews/Review-Thoda-Pyaar-Thoda-Magic/Article1-320208.aspx |archive-date=10 March 2014 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bachna Ae Haseeno]]''
| {{sortname|Siddharth|Anand}}
| [[Ranbir Kapoor]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Bipasha Basu]], [[Minissha Lamba]], [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]], [[Hiten Paintal]]
| A womanizer seeks forgiveness from two women he abandoned after his heart is broken by another.
| <ref>{{cite news|last=Saltz|first=Rachel|title=Love in Transition|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/16/movies/16bach.html?_r=0|work=The New York Times|date=16 August 2008|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731090724/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/16/movies/16bach.html?_r=0|archive-date=31 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Roadside Romeo]]''{{efn|name=romeo|The film was co-produced with [[Walt Disney Pictures]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/yash-raj-disney-in-animation-films-tie-up-107061301114_1.html |title=Yash Raj, Disney in animation films tie-up |access-date=31 December 2014 |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=13 June 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231142847/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/yash-raj-disney-in-animation-films-tie-up-107061301114_1.html |archive-date=31 December 2014 }}</ref>}}
| {{sortname|Jugal|Hansraj}}
| [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Kareena Kapoor Khan|Kareena Kapoor]]
| A deserted dog befriends four strays and battles an evil neighborhood dog.
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2008/10/25/movies/25rome.html?ref=movies |title=Bollywood: Often Energetic, Now Animated |access-date=27 October 2008 |author=Saltz, Rachel |work=The New York Times |date=25 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027144738/http://movies.nytimes.com/2008/10/25/movies/25rome.html?ref=movies |archive-date=27 October 2008 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]''
| {{sortname|Aditya|Chopra}}
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Anushka Sharma]], [[Vinay Pathak]]
| An under-confident middle-aged man pretends to be a boisterous younger man to win the affection of his newly-wed bride.
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Saltz |first=Rachel |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2008/12/13/movies/13jodi.html?ref=arts |title=Bollywood's Shahrukh Khan Plays a Forlorn Husband Who Makes the Right Moves |work=The New York Times |date=12 December 2008 |access-date=13 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208080304/http://movies.nytimes.com/2008/12/13/movies/13jodi.html?ref=arts |archive-date= 8 February 2009 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="3" | 2009
! scope="row" |[[New York (2009 film)|''New York'']]
| {{sortname|Kabir|Khan|Kabir Khan (director)}}
| [[John Abraham]], [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Neil Nitin Mukesh]], [[Irrfan Khan]]
| After being wrongly imprisoned [[post-9/11]], a Muslim student turns to terrorism for revenge, while the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] uses his friend to spy on him.
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |date=27 June 2009 |title='New York', a remarkable effort |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/New-York-a-remarkable-effort/articleshow/4709214.cms?referral=PM |url-status=live |access-date=23 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215052638/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/New-York-a-remarkable-effort/articleshow/4709214.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=15 February 2016}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Dil Bole Hadippa!]]''
| {{sortname|Anurag|Singh|link=Anurag Singh (director)}}
| [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Shahid Kapoor]], [[Rakhi Sawant]], [[Anupam Kher]], [[Sherlyn Chopra]], [[Dalip Tahil]]
| A woman disguises herself as a man to pursue her dream of playing professional cricket.
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Malani|first=Gaurav|work=[[The Economic Times]]|title=Movie Review: Dil Bole Hadippa|date=18 September 2009|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-09-18/news/28405460_1_indo-pak-cricket-cricket-team-veera|access-date=22 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521170722/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-09-18/news/28405460_1_indo-pak-cricket-cricket-team-veera|archive-date=21 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year]]''
| {{sortname|Shimit|Amin}}
| [[Ranbir Kapoor]], [[Gauahar Khan]], [[Shazahn Padamsee]]
| A disillusioned salesman starts his own firm with the help of other disgruntled employees from a computer service company.
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Mayank Shekhar's review: Rocket Singh |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Reviews/Mayank-Shekhar-s-Review-Rocket-Singh/Article1-485680.aspx |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 December 2009 |first=Mayank |last=Shekhar |access-date=22 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009225312/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Mayank-Shekhar-s-Review-Rocket-Singh/Article1-485680.aspx |archive-date=9 October 2010 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="4" | 2010
! scope="row" |''[[Pyaar Impossible]]''
| {{sortname|Jugal|Hansraj}}
| [[Uday Chopra]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Dino Morea]]
| A software engineer becomes a nanny for the daughter of a divorced businesswoman he once had a crush on in college.
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Pyaar Impossible! – Film Review |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/review/pyaar-impossible-film-review-29104 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=14 October 2010 |last=Lovece |first=Frank |access-date=28 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207204715/https://hollywoodreporter.com/review/pyaar-impossible-film-review-29104 |archive-date= 7 February 2015 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Badmaash Company]]''
| {{sortname|Parmeet|Sethi}}
| [[Shahid Kapoor]], [[Anushka Sharma]], [[Meiyang Chang]], [[Vir Das]]
| Four underachieving friends start a successful scam business, but misunderstandings within the group threaten their venture.
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Badmaash Company movie review|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/Badmaash-Company/movie-review/5902462.cms|work=The Times of India|date= 7 May 2010|first=Nikhat|last=Kazmi|access-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Lafangey Parindey]]''
| {{sortname|Pradeep|Sarkar}}
| [[Neil Nitin Mukesh]], [[Deepika Padukone]]
| A blind girl trains to win a skating competition, and is helped in her quest by a street fighter who was responsible for her loss of sight.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article600437.ece |title=Lafangey Parindey Movie Review |author=Kamath, Sudhish |work=The Hindu |access-date=28 April 2011 |date=28 August 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220131856/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article600437.ece |archive-date=20 December 2013 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Band Baaja Baaraat]]''
| {{sortname|Maneesh|Sharma}}
| [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Anushka Sharma]]
| An ambitious girl and a street-smart boy start a wedding-planning business, but a one-night stand turns them into rivals.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Band-Baaja-Baaraat/moviereview/7059509.cms |title=Band Baaja Baaraat: Review |last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |date=9 December 2010 |access-date=7 October 2011 |work=The Times of India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030060412/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Band-Baaja-Baaraat/moviereview/7059509.cms |archive-date=30 October 2011 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011
! scope="row" |''[[Mere Brother Ki Dulhan]]''
| {{sortname|Ali Abbas|Zafar}}
| [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Imran Khan (film actor)|Imran Khan]], [[Ali Zafar]], [[Tara D'Souza]]
| A man arranges for the marriage of his brother to a loquacious woman, but falls in love with her instead.
| <ref>{{cite news|last=Malani|first=Gaurav|title=Mere Brother Ki Dulhan: Movie review|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-09/news/30135706_1_mere-brother-ki-dulhan-katrina-kaif-imran-khan|access-date=23 September 2013|work=The Economic Times|date=9 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928031353/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-09/news/30135706_1_mere-brother-ki-dulhan-katrina-kaif-imran-khan|archive-date=28 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ladies vs Ricky Bahl]]''
| {{sortname|Maneesh|Sharma}}
| [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Anushka Sharma]], [[Parineeti Chopra]], [[Dipannita Sharma]], [[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1983)|Aditi Sharma]]
| Three women, who have been robbed and deceived by a con man, hire a con woman whom he loves to teach him a lesson.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Review: Ladies Vs Ricky Bahl |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/review-ladies-vs-ricky-bahl-678 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=11 May 2014 |author=Dasgupta, Piyali |date=9 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528214108/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/review-ladies-vs-ricky-bahl-678 |archive-date=28 May 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012
! scope="row" |''[[Ishaqzaade]]''
| {{sortname|Habib|Faisal}}
| [[Parineeti Chopra]], [[Arjun Kapoor]], [[Gauahar Khan]]
| A Hindu man and a Muslim woman from warring political families engage in a passionate affair with each other.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ishaqzaade Review |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/548051 |author=Adarsh, Taran |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=11 May 2012 |access-date=1 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223053412/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/548051 |archive-date=23 December 2012 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]''
| {{sortname|Kabir|Khan|Kabir Khan (director)}}
| [[Salman Khan]], [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Ranvir Shorey]]
| An Indian [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] agent is on a mission to recover confidential information from a scientist, during which he falls in love with a mysterious Pakistani [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] agent.
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Guha |first=Aniruddha |title=Aniruddha Guha reviews Ek Tha Tiger |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-aniruddha-guha-reviews-ek-tha-tiger-method-in-the-salman-madness-1728293 |access-date=24 September 2013 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=15 August 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012224312/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-aniruddha-guha-reviews-ek-tha-tiger-method-in-the-salman-madness-1728293 |archive-date=12 October 2014 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]''
| {{sortname|Yash|Chopra}}
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Anushka Sharma]]
| After a car accident, a woman promises to break up with her boyfriend to save his life, leading him to defy death as a bomb-disposal expert.
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Tsering |first=Lisa |title=Till My Last Breath (Jab tak Hai Jaan): Film Review |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/movie/jab-tak-hai-jaan/review/390456 |access-date=19 July 2014 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=14 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013081925/https://hollywoodreporter.com/movie/jab-tak-hai-jaan/review/390456 |archive-date=13 October 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="3" | 2013
! scope="row" |''[[Aurangzeb (film)|Aurangzeb]]''
| {{sortname|Atul|Sabharwal|nolink=yes}}
| [[Arjun Kapoor]], [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Zahrah S. Khan|Sashaa Agha]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Jackie Shroff]]
| The doppelganger of a criminal's son, is forced by his family to go undercover in the criminal's home to take down their criminal syndicate.
| <ref>{{cite web|last=Vats |first=Rohit |title='Aurangzeb' review: The cruel persuasion of money and power |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aurangzeb-review-the-cruel-persuasion-of-money-and-power/392232-47-77.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=17 May 2013 |access-date=21 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226162951/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aurangzeb-review-the-cruel-persuasion-of-money-and-power/392232-47-77.html |archive-date=26 December 2013 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Shuddh Desi Romance]]''
| {{sortname|Maneesh|Sharma}}
| [[Sushant Singh Rajput]], [[Parineeti Chopra]], [[Vaani Kapoor]], [[Rishi Kapoor]]
| A man runs away from his arranged wedding to live with another woman, only for her to leave him on their wedding day.
|<ref>{{cite web |author=Masand, Rajeev |date=7 September 2013 |title='Shuddh Desi Romance' review: It's a non-formulaic, charming little film |url=http://ibnlive.com/news/shuddh-desi-romance-review-its-a-nonformulaic-charming-little-film/420141-47-84.html |access-date=9 September 2013 |publisher=CNN-IBN}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Dhoom 3]]''
| {{sortname|Vijay Krishna|Acharya}}
| [[Aamir Khan]], [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Uday Chopra]], [[Jackie Shroff]]
| A circus boy, trained in circus theatrics, vows to take down a corrupt Chicago-based bank after his father's suicide. Two police officers from Mumbai try to catch them.
| <ref>{{cite web|last=Chopra |first=Sonia |title=Dhoom 3 review: The great Indian circus, indeed! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhoom-3-review-the-great-indian-circus-indeed-review-bollywood-15045625.html |website=[[Sify]] |date=20 December 2013 |access-date=4 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618101953/http://www.sify.com/movies/dhoom-3-review-the-great-indian-circus-indeed-review-bollywood-15045625.html |archive-date=18 June 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="7" |2014
! scope="row" |''[[Gunday]]''
| {{sortname|Ali Abbas|Zafar}}
| [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Arjun Kapoor]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Irrfan Khan]]
| Two refugees from Bangladesh emerge as the most powerful coal bandits in [[Calcutta]]. Misunderstandings arise when they both fall in love with the same [[cabaret]] dancer.
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/gunday-review-starring-priyanka-chopra-ranveer-singh-arjun-kapoor-181020-2014-02-14 |title=Movie review: Gunday is old wine in a new bottle, it tastes awesome! |author=Khilnani, Rohit |work=[[India Today]] |date=14 February 2014 |access-date=25 February 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224223702/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/gunday-review-starring-priyanka-chopra-ranveer-singh-arjun-kapoor/1/343438.html |archive-date=24 February 2014 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Aaha Kalyanam]]''{{efn|name=aaha|The [[Tamil language|Tamil]]film was a remake of ''[[Band Baaja Baaraat]]'' and the company's first film not in the Hindi language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/regional/yash-raj-films-southern-debut-aaha-kalyanam-disappoints-637592 |title=Yash Raj Films' southern debut Aaha Kalyanam disappoints |access-date=31 December 2014 |publisher=NDTV |date=25 February 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231151227/http://movies.ndtv.com/regional/yash-raj-films-southern-debut-aaha-kalyanam-disappoints-637592 |archive-date=31 December 2014 }}</ref>}}
| {{sortname|A. Gokul|Krishna|nolink=yes}}
| [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], [[Vaani Kapoor]]
| An ambitious girl and a street-smart boy begin a wedding-planning business, but a one-night stand turns them into rivals.
| <ref>{{cite news|last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/aaha-kalyanam-conjugal-fights/article5716741.ece |title=Aaha Kalyanam: Conjugal fights |work=The Hindu |date=22 February 2014 |access-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301211155/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/aaha-kalyanam-conjugal-fights/article5716741.ece |archive-date= 1 March 2014 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Bewakoofiyaan]]''
| {{sortname|Nupur|Asthana}}
| [[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Sonam Kapoor]], [[Rishi Kapoor]]
| A man fired from his job during the Indian recession must convince his rich girlfriend's father to let her marry him.
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Chopra |first=Anupama |title=Movie review by Anupama Chopra: Bewakoofiyaan is a bland tale of yuppies |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-by-anupama-chopra-bewakoofiyaan-is-a-bland-tale-of-yuppies/article1-1195317.aspx#sthash.oRDleKZE.dpuf |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 March 2014 |access-date=27 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214175815/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-by-anupama-chopra-bewakoofiyaan-is-a-bland-tale-of-yuppies/article1-1195317.aspx |archive-date=14 December 2014 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Titli (2014 film)|Titli]]''{{efn|name=banerjee|The film was co-produced with Dibakar Banerjee Productions.<ref>{{cite news|last=Frater |first=Patrick |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/cannes-indias-kanu-behl-and-dibakar-banerjee-explain-titli-challenges-1201186974/ |title=India's Kanu Behl and Dibakar Banerjee Explain 'Titli' Challenges |access-date=3 January 2015 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=20 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112054043/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/cannes-indias-kanu-behl-and-dibakar-banerjee-explain-titli-challenges-1201186974/ |archive-date=12 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Prashant |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dibakar-banerjee-plans-a-movie-on-byomkesh-bakshi/article1-1083186.aspx |title=Dibakar Banerjee plans a movie on Byomkesh Bakshi |access-date=3 January 2015 |work=Hindustan Times |date=27 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103051851/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dibakar-banerjee-plans-a-movie-on-byomkesh-bakshi/article1-1083186.aspx |archive-date=3 January 2015 }}</ref> }}
| {{sortname|Kanu|Behl}}
| [[Shashank Arora]], [[Shivani Raghuvanshi]], [[Ranvir Shorey]], [[Amit Sial]]
| The youngest son of a criminal family and his reluctant bride manipulate and ultimately help each other to escape the family.
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Young |first=Deborah |title='Titli':Cannes Review |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/review/titli-cannes-review-705883 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=20 May 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207204741/https://hollywoodreporter.com/review/titli-cannes-review-705883 |archive-date= 7 February 2015 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Mardaani]]''
| {{sortname|Pradeep|Sarkar}}
| [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Tahir Raj Bhasin]]
| Following the disappearance of a teenage girl, a policewoman uncovers secrets of a high-profile [[sex trafficking]] racket in India.
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Masand |first=Rajeev |title='Mardaani' review: Reasonably short and minus songs, the film is consistently watchable |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mardaani-review-reasonably-short-and-minus-songs-the-film-is-consistently-watchable/493689-47-84.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=22 August 2014 |access-date=23 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825214904/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mardaani-review-reasonably-short-and-minus-songs-the-film-is-consistently-watchable/493689-47-84.html |archive-date=25 August 2014 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Daawat-e-Ishq]]''
| {{sortname|Habib|Faisal}}
| [[Aditya Roy Kapur]], [[Parineeti Chopra]]
| A young woman and her father trap a man under the [[dowry law in India]] to fund her trip to America.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Film review: Parineeti Chopra shines but 'Daawat-e-Ishq' drags on without clarity |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-review-parineeti-chopra-shines-but-daawat-e-ishq-drags-on-without-clarity-2019912 |author=Tanwar, Sarita A |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=19 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927145847/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-review-parineeti-chopra-shines-but-daawat-e-ishq-drags-on-without-clarity-2019912 |archive-date=27 September 2014 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kill Dil]]''
| {{sortname|Shaad|Ali}}
| [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Parineeti Chopra]], [[Ali Zafar]], [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]
| Two orphans are trained to be assassins by a gangster. Trouble arises when one of them falls in love and decides to leave the business.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Review: Kill Dil is a disaster! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-kill-dil-is-a-disaster/20141114.htm |work=Rediff.com |date=14 November 2014 |access-date=20 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220194856/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-kill-dil-is-a-disaster/20141114.htm |archive-date=20 December 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015
! scope="row" |''[[Dum Laga Ke Haisha]]''
| {{sortname|Sharat|Katariya}}
| [[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Bhumi Pednekar]]
| An unambitious man is forced into marrying an aspiring schoolteacher. Initially hesitant to accept his overweight bride, the couple eventuality grow closer.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Dum Laga Ke Haisha (2015) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/728444 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=28 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227215707/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/728444 |archive-date=27 December 2014 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Detective Byomkesh Bakshy!]]''{{efn|name=banerjee}}
| {{sortname|Dibakar|Banerjee}}
| [[Sushant Singh Rajput]], [[Swastika Mukherjee]]
| During [[World War II]], [[Byomkesh Bakshi|Byomkesh Bakshy]], a young detective in Calcutta, becomes embroiled in a murder mystery.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Detective Byomkesh Bakshy (2015) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/600622 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=28 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227182936/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/600622 |archive-date=27 December 2014 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="3" |2016
! scope="row" |''[[Fan (2016 film)|Fan]]''
| {{sortname|Maneesh|Sharma}}
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]]
| A star's doppelganger fan turns into a dangerous foe when the former refuses the latter's advances.
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/14/fan-review-bollywood-shah-rukh-khan |title=Fan review – Bollywood icon chases himself around the world |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 April 2016 |access-date=15 April 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418085420/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/14/fan-review-bollywood-shah-rukh-khan |archive-date=18 April 2016 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]''
|{{sortname|Ali Abbas|Zafar}}
| [[Salman Khan]], [[Anushka Sharma]]
| A middle-aged former wrestler with a tragic past overcomes his insecurities to return to the sport.
|<ref>{{cite news|title='Sultan' – Movie Review |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/sultan---movie-review/17407199 |last=Atray Banan |first=Aastha |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=6 July 2016 |access-date=8 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708050641/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/sultan---movie-review/17407199 |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Befikre]]''
| {{sortname|Aditya|Chopra}}
| [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Vaani Kapoor]]
| An impulsive couple in Paris engage in an affair while promising not to fall in love with each other.
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/cast-and-crew-at-dvd-launch-of-tamas/ |title=Befikre (2016) |date=13 August 2011 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=27 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217154404/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/6283126/Befikre |archive-date=17 February 2016 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="3" |2017
! scope="row" |''[[Meri Pyaari Bindu]]''
| {{sortname|Akshay|Roy|nolink=yes}}
| [[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Parineeti Chopra]]
|A successful writer, stuck with writer's block, returns to his roots to write an old-fashioned love story.
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Watch: Parineeti Chopra sings and announces the title of her new film |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/watch-parineeti-chopra-sings-and-announces-the-title-of-her-new-film-1200976.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=9 February 2016 |access-date=9 February 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212022257/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/watch-parineeti-chopra-sings-and-announces-the-title-of-her-new-film-1200976.html |archive-date=12 February 2016 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Qaidi Band]]''
|{{sortname|Habib|Faisal}}
| [[Aadar Jain]], [[Anya Singh]]
| Seven innocent under-trials give a band performance in the prison to secure their acquittal.
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Jalan|first=Shivangi|title=Qaidi Band first trailer: An interesting story of undertrials-turned-singers|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/qaidi-band-first-trailer-an-interesting-story-of-undertrials-turned-singers-4756197/|work=The Indian Express|date=18 July 2017|access-date=23 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721164352/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/qaidi-band-first-trailer-an-interesting-story-of-undertrials-turned-singers-4756197/|archive-date=21 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]''
|{{sortname|Ali Abbas|Zafar}}
| [[Salman Khan]], [[Katrina Kaif]]
| Tiger and his wife, Zoya, unite to rescue Indian and Pakistani nurses held hostage by an Islamic terror group.
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Tiger Zinda Hai: Salman and Katrina's chemistry is smoking hot in this new pic |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/220317/tiger-zinda-hai-salman-and-katrinas-chemistry-is-smoking-hot-in-this-new-pic.html |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=22 March 2017 |access-date=4 April 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404223951/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/220317/tiger-zinda-hai-salman-and-katrinas-chemistry-is-smoking-hot-in-this-new-pic.html |archive-date= 4 April 2017 }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="3" | 2018
! scope="row" |''[[Hichki]]''
| {{sortname|Siddharth|P. Malhotra|}}
| [[Rani Mukerji]]
| An aspiring teacher suffering from [[Tourette syndrome]] must prove herself by educating a group of underprivileged students.
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Rachit |title=Hichki Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/hichki/movie-review/63428161.cms |work=The Times of India |date=23 March 2018 |access-date=23 March 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323114107/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/hichki/movie-review/63428161.cms |archive-date=23 March 2018 }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Sui Dhaaga]]''
| {{sortname|Sharat|Katariya}}
| [[Anushka Sharma]], [[Varun Dhawan]]
| An unemployed small town couple start their own garment business.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sui-dhaaga-review-and-rating-varun-dhawan-anushka-sharma-sharat-katariya-made-in-india/story-NRFa8EfOqFJ0QdVifetnNL.html|title=Sui Dhaaga review: Anushka Sharma, Varun Dhawan's film is not even as exciting as embroidery|last=Sen|first=Raja|work=Hindustan Times|date=28 September 2018|access-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929000354/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sui-dhaaga-review-and-rating-varun-dhawan-anushka-sharma-sharat-katariya-made-in-india/story-NRFa8EfOqFJ0QdVifetnNL.html|archive-date=29 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Thugs of Hindostan]]''
|{{sortname|Vijay Krishna|Acharya}}
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Aamir Khan]], [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Fatima Sana Shaikh]]
| In 1795, a band of [[Thugee|thugs]] aspire to free [[Hindustan|Hindostan]] from the rule of the [[East India Company]]. Alarmed, the British send a con-artist to infiltrate and counter the threat.
|<ref>{{cite news|title='Thugs of Hindostan' review: Aamir Khan's weakest film in years|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/bollywood/thugs-of-hindostan-review-aamir-khans-weakest-film-in-years|work=[[Khaleej Times]]|date=8 November 2018|access-date=8 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184752/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/bollywood/thugs-of-hindostan-review-aamir-khans-weakest-film-in-years|archive-date=8 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
! scope="row" |''[[War (2019 film)|War]]''
| {{sortname|Siddharth|Anand}}
| [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Tiger Shroff]], [[Vaani Kapoor]]
| An Indian soldier is assigned to eliminate his mentor, a former soldier gone rogue.
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/war-movie-review-strictly-for-fans-of-hrithik-roshan-and-tiger-shroff-1-5-stars-out-of-5-2110762|title=War Movie Review: Strictly For Fans Of Hrithik Roshan And Tiger Shroff|website=NDTV|author=Chatterjee, Saibal|access-date=3 October 2019|date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003014734/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/war-movie-review-strictly-for-fans-of-hrithik-roshan-and-tiger-shroff-1-5-stars-out-of-5-2110762|archive-date=3 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Mardaani 2]]''
| {{sortname|Gopi|Puthran|nolink=yes}}
| [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Vishal Jethwa]]
| A policewoman goes up against a young rapist and serial killer.
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-mardaani-2-rani-mukerji-s-film-finally-goes-on-floors-2732988|title='Mardaani 2': Rani Mukerji's film finally goes on floors|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=25 March 2019|access-date=25 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325064332/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-mardaani-2-rani-mukerji-s-film-finally-goes-on-floors-2732988|archive-date=25 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
| 2021
! scope="row" |''[[Bunty Aur Babli 2]]''
|{{sort|Sharma|Varun V. Sharma}}
| [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Siddhant Chaturvedi]], [[Sharvari]]
|Two scam artists are forced out of retirement when their calling card begins appearing across India.
|<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Bunty Aur Babli 2: Saif Ali Khan Joins Rani Mukerji Because 'Things Didn't Work Out' With Abhishek Bachchan|work=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bunty-aur-babli-2-saif-ali-khan-joins-rani-mukerji-because-things-didnt-work-out-with-abhishek-bachc-2151276|access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="3" | 2022
! scope="row" |''[[Jayeshbhai Jordaar]]''
| {{sortname|Divyang|Thakkar}}
| [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Shalini Pandey]]
|A timid man flees with his wife to protect their daughter from foeticide.
|<ref name="failure"/>

|-
! scope="row"|''[[Samrat Prithviraj]]''
| {{sortname|Chandraprakash|Dwivedi}}
| [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Sonu Sood]], [[Manushi Chhillar]]
| Samrat [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] of the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chauhan dynasty]], clashes with [[Muhammad Ghori]], a ruler from the [[Ghurid dynasty]] who led the [[Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent|Islamic Conquest of Hindustan]].
| <ref name="failure">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Simran |title=Rani Mukerji reveals box office failure of Samrat Prithviraj, Shamshera impacted YRF a lot, Aditya Chopra refused to... |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-rani-mukerji-reveals-box-office-failure-of-samrat-prithviraj-shamshera-impacted-yrf-aditya-chopra-3080479 |access-date=25 September 2024 |publisher=DNA India |date=5 March 2024}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row"|''[[Shamshera]]''
| {{sortname|Karan|Malhotra}}
| [[Ranbir Kapoor]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Vaani Kapoor]]
| Set in the 1800s, a dacoit tribe fight for independence against British rule.
| <ref name="failure"/>

|-
| rowspan="3" | 2023
! scope="row" |''[[Pathaan (film)|Pathaan]]''
| {{sortname|Siddharth|Anand}}
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[John Abraham]]
| An exiled RAW agent must prevent a disgruntled terrorist from releasing a deadly synthetic virus.
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Shah Rukh Khan starts shooting for 'Pathan' today|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/exclusive-shah-rukh-khan-starts-shooting-for-pathan-today/articleshow/79276617.cms|work=The Times of India|date=18 November 2020|access-date=18 November 2020}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" | ''[[The Great Indian Family]]''
|{{sortname|Vijay Krishna|Acharya}}
| [[Vicky Kaushal]], [[Manushi Chhillar]]
| A religious Hindu man has a crisis when he finds out that he is Muslim by birth.
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Pramit |title='The Great Indian Family' Review: Yash Chopra's Spirit Is Thriving Thanks To Vijay Krishna Acharya |url=https://dmtalkies.com/the-great-indian-family-review-2023-film-vijay-krishna-acharya/ |access-date=25 September 2024 |publisher=DMT |date=22 September 2023}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[Tiger 3]]''
|{{sortname|Maneesh|Sharma}}
| [[Salman Khan]], [[Katrina Kaif]], [[Emraan Hashmi]]
| Framed as traitors by a vengeful terrorist, two spies embark on a dangerous mission to clear their names.
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |title='Pathaan,' 'Tiger 3,' 'The Railway Men': Yash Raj Films CEO on Stellar 2023 – 'India Is Where the Party's At' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/pathaan-tiger3-romantics-railway-men-yash-raj-films-1235845199/ |access-date=25 September 2024 |publisher=Variety |date=20 December 2023}}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="2" |2025
! scope="row" |''[[Saiyaara (film)|Saiyaara]]''
|{{sortname|Mohit|Suri}}
| Ahaan Panday, [[Aneet Padda]]
| Two artistic souls find harmony through music despite their contrasting worlds. As feelings deepen, age and circumstances challenge their undeniable bond.
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/mega-exclusive-yash-raj-films-mohit-suris-intense-love-story-titled-saiyaara-releases-july-18-2025-theatres-worldwide/ |title=MEGA EXCLUSIVE: Yash Raj Films and Mohit Suri's intense love story titled Saiyaara; releases on July 18, 2025 in theatres worldwide|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=22 April 2025 |access-date=22 April 2025}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" |''[[War 2 (film)|War 2]]''
|{{sortname|Ayan|Mukerji}}
| [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]], [[Kiara Advani]]
| A rogue agent infiltrates a multinational terror syndicate while being pursued by another, equally dangerous agent who has a history with him.
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shackleton |first1=Liz |title=NTR Jr To Star Opposite Hrithik Roshan in Yash Raj Films' Spy Universe Film 'War 2' |url=https://deadline.com/2023/04/ntr-jr-hrithik-roshan-war-2-yash-raj-films-spy-universe-1235318421/ |access-date=25 September 2024 |publisher=Deadline |date=5 April 2023}}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="2"|2026
! scope="row" |''[[Mardaani 3]]''
| {{sortname|Abhiraj|Minawala|nolink=yes}}
| [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Janki Bodiwala]], Mallika Prasad
| A veteran policewoman investigates the case of 93 young girls who have gone missing in three months.
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-21 |title=Mardaani 3 first look: Rani Mukerji returns in fearless cop avatar at 47; film to release on this date |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mardaani-3-first-look-rani-mukerji-returns-in-fearless-cop-avatar-at-47-film-to-release-in-february-2026-101745215865548.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421212853/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mardaani-3-first-look-rani-mukerji-returns-in-fearless-cop-avatar-at-47-film-to-release-in-february-2026-101745215865548.html |archive-date=21 April 2025 |access-date=2025-05-20 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" style="background:#ffc;color:black;"|''[[Alpha (2026 film)|Alpha]]'' {{dagger}}
|{{sortname|Shiv|Rawail|nolink=yes}}
| [[Alia Bhatt]], [[Sharvari]], [[Bobby Deol]], [[Anil Kapoor]]
| {{TableTBA}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2026-03-09 |title=Alia Bhatt, Sharvari starrer Alpha locks July 10, 2026 for its theatrical release : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/alia-bhatt-sharvari-starrer-alpha-locks-july-10-2026-theatrical-release/ |access-date=2026-03-09 |language=en}}</ref>

|-
| rowspan="2"| 2027
! scope="row" style="background:#ffc;color:black;"|''Ali Abbas Zafar's Untitled Next'' {{dagger}}
| [[Ali Abbas Zafar]]
| Ahaan Panday, [[Sharvari]], Aaishvary Thackeray, [[Bobby Deol]], [[Jimmy Sheirgill]]
| {{TableTBA}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raut |first=Rahul |date=2026-04-13 |title=Ahaan Panday Turns Gangster for YRF-Ali Abbas Zafar’s Action Romance (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://varietyindia.com/ahaan-panday-turns-gangster-for-yrf-ali-abbas-zafars-action-romance-exclusive/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=Variety India |language=en-US}}</ref>

|-
! scope="row" style="background:#ffc;color:black;"|''Sameer Saxena's Untitled Next'' {{dagger}}
| Sameer Saxena
| [[Ayushmann Khurrana]]
| {{TableTBA}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-23 |title=Ayushmann Khurrana begins filming in Kerala for Sameer Saxena' directorial gritty thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ayushmann-khurrana-begins-filming-in-kerala-for-sameer-saxena-directorial-gritty-thriller/articleshow/130467956.cms |access-date=2026-04-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

==Films distributed==
The following films from other banners were distributed, in domestic and/or overseas markets, by the company:<ref>{{cite web|title=YRF Distributes |url=http://www.yashrajfilms.com/Movies/MovieArchive.aspx |publisher=Yash Raj Films |access-date=28 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202150202/http://yashrajfilms.com/Movies/MovieArchive.aspx |archive-date= 2 December 2014 }}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
* ''[[Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa]]'' (1994) (Re-Release Only)
* ''[[Dil Se..]]'' (1998) (Re-Release Only)
* ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Biwi No.1]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Mann (1999 film)|Mann]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Godmother (film)|Godmother]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Jaanwar (1999 film)|Jaanwar]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Deewane]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Gaja Gamini]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Zubeidaa]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Aashiq (2001 film)|Aashiq]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Dil Chahta Hai]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'' (2002) (Re-Release Only)
* ''[[Supari (film)|Supari]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Maqbool]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' (2004) (Re-Release Only)
* ''[[Charas: A Joint Operation]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Gayab]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Jurm (2005 film)|Jurm]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Sins (film)|Sins]]'' (2005)
* ''[[My Brother…Nikhil]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Kaal (2005 film)|Kaal]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Mangal Pandey: The Rising]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Yaaran Naal Baharan]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Krrish]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Om Shanti Om]]'' (2007) (Re-Release Only)
* ''[[Krazzy 4]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Dostana (2008 film)|Dostana]]'' (2008)
* ''[[All the Best: Fun Begins]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Chhota Bheem and the Throne of Bali]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana 2]]'' (2013)
* ''[[D-Day (2013 film)|D-Day]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Chennai Express]]'' (2013) (Re-Release Only)
* ''[[Aa Gaye Munde U.K. De]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Happy New Year (2014 film)|Happy New Year]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Piku]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Tubelight (2017 Hindi film)|Tubelight]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Jab Harry Met Sejal]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Ittefaq (2017 film)|Ittefaq]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Race 3]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Teefa in Trouble]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Hanuman vs Mahiravana]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Loveyatri]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Notebook (2019 film)|Notebook]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Chhota Bheem Kung Fu Dhamaka]]'' (2019)
* ''[[De De Pyaar De]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Saaho]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Dabangg 3]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Jai Mummy Di]]'' (2020)
* ''[[Malang (film)|Malang]]'' (2020)
* ''[[Sandeep Aur Pinky Faraar]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Jersey (2022 film)|Jersey]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Runway 34]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Uunchai]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Drishyam 2 (2022 film)|Drishyam 2]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Vadh (2022 film)|Vadh]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Kuttey]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Jawan (2023 film)|Jawan]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Dono (film)|Dono]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Dunki (film)|Dunki]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Premalu]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Thankamani (film)|Thankamani]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (2024 film)|Bade Miyan Chote Miyan]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Sureshanteyum Sumalathayudeyum Hrudayahariyaya Pranayakadha]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Thalavan]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Nadanna Sambhavam]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Idiyan Chandhu]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Level Cross (film)|Level Cross]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Kishkindha Kaandam]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Pani (film)|Pani]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Mura (film)|Mura]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Kanguva]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Narayaneente Moonnaanmakkal]]'' (2025)
* ''[[Chhaava]]'' (2025)
* ''[[Bhool Chuk Maaf]]'' (2025)
* ''[[Thamma]]'' (2025)
* ''[[De De Pyaar De 2]]'' (2025)
* ''[[Ikkis]]'' (2026)
* ''[[Vadh 2]]'' (2026)
* ''Cocktail 2'' (2026)
* ''[[King (2026 film)|King]]'' (2026)
}}

==Footnotes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.yashrajfilms.com/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120109004454/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/company/type/view/id/38622 Yash Raj Films] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]

{{featured list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yash Raj Films, List of films released by}}
[[Category:Yash Raj Films films| ]]
[[Category:Lists of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Lists of films by studio]]
[[Category:Indian films by studio]]

All We Imagine as Light

2026-05-01T08:03:18Z

SabinaGuffey: creating first details more to come...

{{Short description|2024 film by Payal Kapadia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = All We Imagine as Light
| image = All We Imagine as Light film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = [[Payal Kapadia (filmmaker)|Payal Kapadia]]
| writer = Payal Kapadia
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Thomas Hakim
* Julien Graff
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Kani Kusruti]]
* [[Divya Prabha]]
* [[Chhaya Kadam]]
* [[Hridhu Haroon]]
}}
| cinematography = Ranabir Das
| editing = Clément Pinteaux
| music = {{Plainlist|
* Topshe
* [[Emahoy Tsegué-Maryam Guèbrou]]
}}
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* Petit Chaos
* Chalk & Cheese Films
* BALDR Film
* Les Films Fauves
* Another Birth
* Pulpa Films
* [[Arte France Cinéma]]
}}
| distributor = {{Plainlist|
* Condor Distribution (France)
* [[Rana Daggubati|Spirit Media]] (India)
* September Film (Netherlands)
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|5|23|[[2024 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]]|2024|9|21|India|2024|10|2|France}}
| runtime = 115 minutes
| country = {{Plainlist|
* [[France]]
* [[India]]
* [[Netherlands]]
* [[Luxembourg]]
* [[Italy]]
}}
| language = Malayalam Hindi Marathi
| budget =
| gross = $3.2 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite Box Office Mojo|id=32086077|title=All We Imagine as Light (2024)|access-date=18 February 2025|publisher_hide=yes}}</ref>
}}
'''''All We Imagine as Light''''' ({{Langx|ml|പ്രഭയായ് നിനച്ചതെല്ലാം|Prabhayaay Ninachathellam}}) is a 2024 [[drama (film and television)|drama film]] written and directed by [[Payal Kapadia (filmmaker)|Payal Kapadia]]. The cast includes [[Kani Kusruti]], [[Divya Prabha]], [[Chhaya Kadam]] and [[Hridhu Haroon]]. Featuring [[Malayalam]], [[Hindi]], and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] dialogue, it is an [[international co-production]] involving companies from France, India, Netherlands, Luxembourg and Italy.

The film had its world premiere at the main competition of the [[2024 Cannes Film Festival|77th Cannes Film Festival]] on 23 May 2024, where it was nominated for the [[Palme d'Or]] and won the [[Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)|Grand Prix]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/payal-kapadias-all-we-imagine-as-light-in-cannes-2024s-competition-section-9264595/|title=Payal Kapadia's All We Imagine as Light is first Indian film in 30 years to make it to Cannes' competition section|date=11 April 2024|publisher=Indian Express|access-date=5 May 2024|archive-date=5 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505130814/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/payal-kapadias-all-we-imagine-as-light-in-cannes-2024s-competition-section-9264595/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="a679">{{cite web | last=Chhabra | first=Aseem | title=All We Imagine as Light: Indian sisterhood story earns glowing reviews at Cannes | website=BBC Home | date=24 May 2024 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cl55dpd4d24o | access-date=25 May 2024 | archive-date=28 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528212541/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cl55dpd4d24o | url-status=live }}</ref> It was the first film from India to compete in the main competition since ''[[Swaham]]'' in 1994.<ref name="deadline" />

It received a [[limited release]] in [[Kerala]], India, on 21 September 2024,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/cannes-winner-all-we-imagine-as-light-to-be-released-in-limited-screens-in-kerala-on-saturday/article68658808.ece|title=Cannes winner 'All We Imagine As Light' to be released in limited screens in Kerala on Saturday|work=The Hindu |date=19 September 2024|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=30 November 2024|archive-date=4 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204144651/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/cannes-winner-all-we-imagine-as-light-to-be-released-in-limited-screens-in-kerala-on-saturday/article68658808.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> before opening nationwide on 29 November 2024 to positive reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/all-we-imagine-as-light-review-b2654002.html|title=All We Imagine as Light's beautiful loneliness will speak to your soul|first=Clarisse|last=Loughrey|work=The Independent |date=28 November 2024|via=www.independent.co.uk|access-date=30 November 2024|archive-date=29 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129033341/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/all-we-imagine-as-light-review-b2654002.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It topped the ''[[Sight & Sound]]'' poll for best film of 2024 and was named one of the top five international films of 2024 by the [[National Board of Review]].<ref name="HTDas">{{cite news|last=Das|first=Ananya|title=Payal Kapadia reacts as All We Imagine As Light named best 2024 film by Sight and Sound magazine: 'Astounded, grateful'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/payal-kapadia-reacts-as-all-we-imagine-as-light-named-best-2024-film-by-sight-and-sound-magazine-astounded-grateful-101733533795114.html|access-date=11 December 2024|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|publisher=HT Media Group|date=7 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2024 Archives|url=https://nationalboardofreview.org/award-years/2024/|access-date=4 December 2024|website=National Board of Review|language=en-US|archive-date=4 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204200831/https://nationalboardofreview.org/award-years/2024/|url-status=live}}</ref> At the [[82nd Golden Globe Awards]], the film received two nominations, for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/golden-globe-awards-2025-payal-kapadia-scores-best-director-nomination-for-all-we-imagine-as-light-101733750236138.html|magazine=[[Hindustan Times]]|title=Golden Globe Awards 2025: Payal Kapadia scripts history, scores Best Director nomination for All We Imagine As Light|first=Santanu|last=Das|date=9 December 2024 }}</ref> It was also nominated for the [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language]].

==Plot==
[[Malayalis]] Prabha and Anu are nurses living together in [[Mumbai]]. Prabha is straitlaced and reserved, and yearns for her husband, who lives in [[Germany]] and visited [[India]] only once for a short [[arranged marriage]], but has not contacted her in over a year. Anu is more outgoing and is having a secret affair with a [[Muslims|Muslim]] man named Shiaz.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-current-cinema/the-gorgeous-mumbai-rhapsody-of-all-we-imagine-as-light |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |title=The Gorgeous Mumbai Rhapsody of 'All We Imagine as Light' |first1=Justin |last1=Chang |date=14 November 2024 }}</ref>

One day, Prabha and Anu receive a modern [[rice cooker]] from an unknown sender; the cooker is made in Germany. A doctor, Manoj, tries to woo Prabha, but she rejects his advances, claiming her [[marital status]].

Prabha tries to help Parvaty, the cook at their hospital, fight against a construction company who wants to demolish her [[chawl]] to build a skyscraper. Unable to claim legal [[lease|tenancy]], Parvaty decides to quit her job and move back to her village near [[Ratnagiri]]. Prabha and Anu travel with her, to help her relocate.

Unbeknownst to Prabha and Parvaty, Shiaz has followed Anu. Then they meet and secretly come together in a private place. He kisses her lips and neck. Anu feels shy, with a tingling sensation running through her. In that impulse, she kisses him intensely, and they engage in sexual intimacy.

They secretly meet up, which Prabha discovers. Later they have sex. Meanwhile, Prabha rescues a middle-aged man from drowning by performing [[CPR]]. While he is waiting for the local doctor, Prabha cleans and cares for him. She sees the man she rescued as her husband. He apologises for abandoning her and seeks her forgiveness, but she tells him that she does not want to see him ever again.

That night, at a [[beach house|beach shack]], Prabha asks a surprised Anu to invite Shiaz to sit with herself and Parvaty. They all chat happily, as the lights of the shack shine over them.

==Cast==
* [[Kani Kusruti]] as Prabha
* [[Divya Prabha]] as Anu
* [[Chhaya Kadam]] as Parvathy
* [[Hridhu Haroon]] as Shiaz
* [[Azees Nedumangad]] as Dr. Manoj
* [[Anandsami]] as Drowned Man / Husband
* [[Kashish Singh]] as Young Nurse
* Lovleen Mishra as Dr. Supriya
* Madhu Raja as Kaki

==Production==
The film was produced by Thomas Hakim and Julian Graff through their French-based company Petit Chaos, in co-production with the Indian companies Chalk & Cheese and Another Birth, as well as by the Netherlands's BALDR Film, Luxembourg's Les Films Fauves, Italy's Pulpa Films and France's [[Arte France Cinéma]]. Hakim first met Kapadia at the [[68th Berlin International Film Festival]] in 2018. This was the first feature film produced by Chalk & Cheese, which previously produced commercials for nine years.<ref name="deadline">{{Cite news |last=Ntim |first=Zac |date=18 May 2024 |title=Made In India: The World's Biggest Film Industry Hasn't Had A Film In The Cannes Competition Since 1994 ... Until Now |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |url=https://deadline.com/2024/05/india-movies-cannes-all-we-imagine-as-light-1235908014/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519115407/https://deadline.com/2024/05/india-movies-cannes-all-we-imagine-as-light-1235908014/ |archive-date=19 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hopewell |first=John |date=7 August 2022 |title=Cannes Best Doc Laureate Payal Kapadia Next Racks Up Production Partners for Petit Chaos (EXCLUSIVE) |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/festivals/payal-kapadia-petit-chaos-arte-france-1235335404/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525232928/https://variety.com/2022/film/festivals/payal-kapadia-petit-chaos-arte-france-1235335404/ |archive-date=25 May 2024}}</ref>

Kapadia used money from the [[Huub Bals]] grant and [[Cinéfondation]] to reside in Europe in order to plan the film production with Hakim. Financing for the film was obtained from [[Arte]], [[Cineworld]], [[Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée|CNC]], Condor, [[Eurimages]], Gan Foundation, Hubert Bals Fund, Luxbox, Pulpa Film, and Visions Sud Est.<ref name="deadline" />

Filming was done in [[Mumbai]] over the course of twenty-five days and then in [[Ratnagiri]] for fifteen days.<ref name="deadline" />

==Release==
[[File:Cast and Crew at All We Imagine As Light Press Conference at 2024 Cannes Film Festival 3.jpg|thumb|right|Actresses [[Chhaya Kadam]], [[Divya Prabha]], director [[Payal Kapadia (filmmaker)|Payal Kapadia]], actress [[Kani Kusruti]], and actor [[Hridhu Haroon]] at a press conference at [[2024 Cannes Film Festival]]]]
''All We Imagine as Light'' was selected to compete for the [[Palme d'Or]] at the [[2024 Cannes Film Festival]], where it had its world premiere on 23 May,<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 2024 |title=The Screenings Guide of the 77th Festival de Cannes |work=[[Cannes Film Festival]] |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/2024/the-screenings-guide-of-the-77th-festival-de-cannes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525233300/https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/2024/the-screenings-guide-of-the-77th-festival-de-cannes/ |archive-date=25 May 2024}}</ref> and received an eight-minute standing ovation at the end of its screening.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 May 2024 |title=Cannes 2024: Payal Kapadia's 'All We Imagine As Light' brings India back in competition with eight-minute standing ovation |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/payal-kapadias-all-we-imagine-as-light-brings-india-back-in-competition-at-cannes-with-an-8-minute-standing-ovation/article68210460.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525233422/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/payal-kapadias-all-we-imagine-as-light-brings-india-back-in-competition-at-cannes-with-an-8-minute-standing-ovation/article68210460.ece |archive-date=25 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2024/05/payal-kapadia-all-we-imagine-cannes-xxx-ovation-1235928739/|title=Payal Kapadia's 'All We Imagine As Light', The First Indian Film In The Cannes Competition In 30 Years, Gets 8-Minute Ovation Following World Premiere|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=23 May 2024|access-date=24 May 2024|archive-date=25 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525075339/https://deadline.com/2024/05/payal-kapadia-all-we-imagine-cannes-xxx-ovation-1235928739/|url-status=live}}</ref> This is the first film from India to compete in the main competition at Cannes since ''[[Swaham]]'' in 1994, and Kapadia is the first Indian female filmmaker to do so.<ref name="deadline"/> It won the [[Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)|Grand Prix]], becoming the first Indian film to do so.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Das |first=Santanu |date=25 May 2024 |title=Cannes Film Festival: All We Imagine As Light scripts history, becomes first Indian film to win Grand Prix |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cannes-film-festival-all-we-imagine-as-light-scripts-history-becomes-first-indian-film-to-win-grand-prix-101716656194342.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525233538/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/cannes-film-festival-all-we-imagine-as-light-scripts-history-becomes-first-indian-film-to-win-grand-prix-101716656194342.html |archive-date=25 May 2024}}</ref>

On 9 September 2024, it was announced that Spirit Media, founded by Indian actor [[Rana Daggubati]], had acquired Indian distribution rights to the film.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/rana-daggubati-payal-kapadia-all-we-imagine-as-light-cannes-prize-film-1236137817/|title='Baahubali' Star Rana Daggubati's Spirit Media Acquires India Rights to Payal Kapadia's Cannes Winner 'All We Imagine as Light' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=9 September 2023 |first1=Naman |last1=Ramachandran}}</ref> Spirit Media announced that the film would begin its Oscar-qualifying release with a limited theatrical release in Kerala starting on 21 September under the Malayalam title 'പ്രഭയായ് നിനച്ചതെല്ലാം' i.e. ''Prabhayay Ninachathellam''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/asia/all-we-imagine-as-light-indian-oscar-qualifying-release-1236148722/ |title=Cannes Prizewinner 'All We Imagine as Light' to Begin Indian Oscar-Qualifying Run With Kerala Theatrical Release |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=18 September 2023 |first1=Naman |last1=Ramachandran |archive-date=19 September 2024 |access-date=19 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919043849/https://variety.com/2024/film/asia/all-we-imagine-as-light-indian-oscar-qualifying-release-1236148722/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film was selected as the opening film for the [[MAMI Mumbai Film Festival 2024]],<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=9 October 2024 |title=MAMI Mumbai Film Festival will open with Payal Kapadia's 'All We Imagine as Light' |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1074218/mami-mumbai-film-festival-will-open-with-payal-kapadias-all-we-imagine-as-light |access-date=11 October 2024 |website=Scroll.in |language=en |archive-date=10 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010040644/https://scroll.in/reel/1074218/mami-mumbai-film-festival-will-open-with-payal-kapadias-all-we-imagine-as-light |url-status=live }}</ref> and was released theatrically in India on 22 November 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 October 2024 |title=Payal Kapadia's Cannes winner All We Imagine As Light to release in India on this date - Check details here |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/payal-kapadias-cannes-winner-all-we-imagine-as-light-to-release-in-india-on-this-date-check-details-here-101729167091778.html |access-date=16 November 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2024 |title=Payal Kapadia's Cannes winner 'All We Imagine As Light' to release on November 22 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/payal-kapadias-cannes-winner-all-we-imagine-as-light-to-release-on-november-22/articleshow/114317963.cms |access-date=16 November 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

[[Janus Films]] and distribution partner Sideshow acquired the North American rights for the film on 20 May 2024,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keslassy |first=Elsa |date=20 May 2024 |title=Sideshow, Janus Films Buy Payal Kapadia's Cannes Competition Entry 'All We Imagine as Light' for North America (EXCLUSIVE) |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/sideshow-janus-films-buy-all-we-imagine-as-light-1236010439/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525233716/https://variety.com/2024/film/global/sideshow-janus-films-buy-all-we-imagine-as-light-1236010439/ |archive-date=25 May 2024}}</ref> and released the film on 15 November 2024 in New York and Los Angeles, with a nationwide expansion following its opening.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Clayton |date=22 August 2024 |title=Indian Oscar Hopeful and Cannes Grand Prix Winner 'All We Imagine as Light' Sets U.S. Fall Release Date (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/awards/all-we-imagine-as-light-us-release-date-india-1236115195/ |access-date=15 November 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> The film was also played at the [[2024 Toronto International Film Festival|Toronto International Film Festival]] on 5 September 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tiff.net/events/all-we-imagine-as-light |title=All We Imagine as Light |website=[[Toronto International Film Festival]] |access-date=19 August 2024}}</ref> It was released in France by Condor Distribution on 2 October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=All We Imagine as Light |url=https://www.condor-films.fr/film/all-we-imagine-as-light/ |access-date=15 July 2024 |publisher=Condor |language=fr}}</ref> It was featured in the accolades section of the [[55th International Film Festival of India|55th IFFI]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iffigoa.org/international-cinema/competition/all_we_imagine_as_light|title=Cannes-winning Indian film at 55th IFFI in Goa|date=November 2024|website=iffigoa.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/lone-cannes-winning-indian-film-at-55th-iffi-in-goa|title=Lone Cannes-winning Indian film at 55th IFFI in Goa|first=Arti|last=Das|date=25 November 2024|website=Goa News on Gomantak Times}}</ref> and Limelight section of the [[54th International Film Festival Rotterdam]] screened on 30 January 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iffr.com/en/iffr/2025/films/all-we-imagine-as-light |title=Limelight: All We Imagine as Light|work=International Film Festival Rotterdam|access-date=7 January 2025}}</ref> The film made its digital release through [[Disney+ Hotstar]] from 3 January 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/all-we-imagine-as-light-to-stream-on-disney-hotstar-from-january-3-7364071 |title=Payal Kapadia's All We Imagine As Light To Release On OTT; When And Where To Watch It|work=NDTV|access-date=17 May 2025}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Critical response===
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|100|8.5|158|Capturing the here and now of modern India with the spontaneity of a candid photograph, ''All We Imagine as Light'' is a lustrous achievement that announces Payal Kapadia as an essential filmmaker.|ref=yes|access-date=6 January 2026}} {{Metacritic film prose|93|35|ref=yes|access-date=29 September 2025}} On [[AlloCiné]], the film received an average rating of 3.8 out of 5, based on 31 reviews from French critics.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-290444/critiques/presse/ |title=Critiques Presse pour le film All We Imagine as Light |language=fr |access-date=9 October 2024 |publisher=[[AlloCiné]] |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007104110/https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-290444/critiques/presse/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Peter Bradshaw]], writing in ''[[The Guardian]]'', gave the film five stars and praised it as an "absorbing story of three nurses that is full of humanity".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |date=23 May 2024 |title=All We Imagine As Light review – dreamlike and gentle modern Mumbai tale is a triumph |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/article/2024/may/23/all-we-imagine-as-light-review-payal-kapadia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525234625/https://www.theguardian.com/film/article/2024/may/23/all-we-imagine-as-light-review-payal-kapadia |archive-date=25 May 2024}}</ref> Nicholas Barber, writing in the ''[[BBC]]'', also gave the film five stars.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barber |first=Nicholas |date=24 May 2024 |title=All We Imagine as Light review: Will this 'magical' ode to nocturnal Mumbai win the Palme d'Or? |work=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240524-all-we-imagine-as-light-will-win-hearts-everywhere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525235427/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240524-all-we-imagine-as-light-will-win-hearts-everywhere |archive-date=25 May 2024}}</ref>

The British film magazine ''[[Sight & Sound]]'' named it the best film of 2024 in its poll of over 100 critics worldwide.<ref name="HTDas"/> It was also ranked 1st in the Best Movies of 2024 list from ''[[The New York Times]]'', with [[Manohla Dargis]] writing that Kapadia "incorporates images of everyday people milling through the city, images that connect her characters to a sea of humanity and, by extension, to those of us watching."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dargis |first1=Manohla |last2=Wilkinson |first2=Alissa |title=Best Movies of 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/30/movies/best-movies-2024.html |access-date=23 January 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=30 November 2024}}</ref>

The film was ranked 5th among the top 25 European works of 2024 by the journalists at [[Cineuropa]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/471402 |title=Cineuropa's Best of 2024 |date=19 December 2024 |access-date=7 January 2025 |website=[[Cineuropa]] |language=en}}</ref>

Filmmakers [[Miguel Gomes (director)|Miguel Gomes]], [[Ciro Guerra]], [[Don Hertzfeldt]], [[Raven Jackson]], [[Karyn Kusama]], [[Laura Poitras]] and [[Walter Salles]] cited the film among their favorite films of 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Falt |first1=Chris |title=65 Directors Pick Their Favorite Films of 2024 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/gallery/directors-pick-best-films-2024/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |work=IndieWire |date=30 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=December 20, 2024 |title=The Best Films of 2024 As Chosen by Some of Its Key Filmmakers |url=https://filmmakermagazine.com/128311-the-best-films-of-2024-as-chosen-by-some-of-its-key-filmmakers/ |access-date=March 22, 2025 |work=[[Filmmaker (magazine)|Filmmaker]]}}</ref>

In June 2025, ''[[IndieWire]]'' ranked the film at number 58 on its list of "The 100 Best Movies of the 2020s (So Far)."<ref name="Best">{{cite web |date=June 16, 2025 |title=The 100 Best Movies of the 2020s (So Far)|url=https://www.indiewire.com/lists/best-movies-2020s/ |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>

=== Academy Awards selection controversy ===
For the [[97th Academy Awards]], ''All We Imagine As Light'' was not selected to be submitted by either France or India, with the former submitting ''[[Emilia Pérez]],'' and the latter submitting ''[[Laapataa Ladies]].'' The film had been shortlisted for France's submission.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=17 September 2024 |title=Payal Kapadia's All We Imagine As Light shortlisted by France for Oscars |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/payal-kapadias-all-we-imagine-as-light-shortlisted-by-france-for-oscars |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> The [[Film Federation of India|Film Federation of India's (FFI)]] decision to not submit the film was unexpected, with [[NPR|NPR's]] Diaa Hadid remarking that the film's international reception had "garnered raised hopes that India might finally have a serious contender for an Oscar in the best foreign film category".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hadid |first=Diaa |date=December 16, 2024 |title=Loved abroad, the Indian movie 'All We Imagine as Light' is snubbed at home |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/12/16/nx-s1-5225553/loved-abroad-the-indian-movie-all-we-imagine-as-light-is-snubbed-at-home |website=NPR |access-date=18 December 2024 |archive-date=19 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219190324/https://www.npr.org/2024/12/16/nx-s1-5225553/loved-abroad-the-indian-movie-all-we-imagine-as-light-is-snubbed-at-home |url-status=live }}</ref> Many like Naman Ramachandran of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' drew comparisons to India's decision to not select ''[[The Lunchbox]]'' (2013) and ''[[RRR]]'' (2022) for its Academy Awards submissions, particularly in light of the film's success at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] with it having won the Grand Jury Prize.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2024-09-23 |title=Why Cannes Winner 'All We Imagine as Light' Was Snubbed by India's Oscar Committee in Favor of 'Laapataa Ladies' |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/all-we-imagine-as-light-laapataa-ladies-india-oscar-submission-1236153057/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=24 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241224104809/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/all-we-imagine-as-light-laapataa-ladies-india-oscar-submission-1236153057/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

At the initial news announcing the selection of ''Laapataa Ladies'', FFI president Ravi Kottarakara explained ''All That We Imagine As Light''<nowiki/>'s exclusion, saying "The jury said that they were watching a European film taking place in India, not an Indian film taking place in India."<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2024-10-01 |title=Film Federation of India calls All We Imagine as Light 'a European film', reveals why it wasn't India's entry to Oscars |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/film-federation-of-india-calls-all-we-imagine-as-light-a-european-film-reveals-why-it-wasnt-indias-entry-to-oscars-101727753200635.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002211816/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/film-federation-of-india-calls-all-we-imagine-as-light-a-european-film-reveals-why-it-wasnt-indias-entry-to-oscars-101727753200635.html |archive-date=2 October 2024 |access-date=2024-12-18 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref> Justifying its selection, the FFI noted on ''Laapataa Ladies,'' "Indian women are a strange mixture of submission and dominance. Well-defined, powerful characters in one world, a Laapataa Ladies (Hindi) captures this diversity perfectly, though in a semi-idyllic world and in a tongue-in-cheek way."<ref name=":1" /> Kapadia responded to the controversy by expressing her appreciation for Kiran Rao's works, saying to ''[[IndieWire|Indiewire]]'' "I just think it’s really great that there are two films from India that are doing this well, and they’re both by women."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zilko |first=Vincent Perella,Christian |date=2024-12-03 |title=Payal Kapadia Not Upset 'All We Imagine as Light' Wasn't India's Oscar Pick, Appreciates That Another Film by a Woman Was Chosen |url=https://www.indiewire.com/news/general-news/payal-kapadia-all-we-imagine-oscar-submission-snub-1235071818/ |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US}}</ref>

On December 17, the Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts and Sciences released its shortlist for a variety of categories, including best [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|International Feature Film]], and India's selection (''Laapataa Ladies'') was not selected, triggering a renewed discussion on the decision to "snub" the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Web |first=Statesman |date=2024-12-18 |title=Netizens angry with FFI; hail 'All We Imagine as Light' missed Oscar opportunity |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/netizens-angry-with-ffi-hail-all-we-imagine-as-light-missed-oscar-opportunity-1503377127.html |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=The Statesman |language=en |archive-date=18 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218131138/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/netizens-angry-with-ffi-hail-all-we-imagine-as-light-missed-oscar-opportunity-1503377127.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Industry figures like director [[Hansal Mehta]] and [[Ricky Kej]] publicly voiced their discontent with the FFI's decision to not send ''All We Imagine As Light'', with the former sarcastically remarking "Film Federation of India does it again! Their strike rate and selection of films year after year is impeccable."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devansh |date=18 December 2024 |title='Indian films laapataa': Hansal Mehta slams FFI's 'strike rate' after Kiran Rao's Laapataa Ladies exits Oscars 2025 race |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/oscars-2025-laapataa-ladies-hansal-mehta-ricky-kej-slam-ffi-strike-rate-after-kiran-rao-film-does-not-qualify-101734487139408.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=18 December 2024 |archive-date=18 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218032157/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/oscars-2025-laapataa-ladies-hansal-mehta-ricky-kej-slam-ffi-strike-rate-after-kiran-rao-film-does-not-qualify-101734487139408.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In light of the renewed controversy following the release of the Academy Award shortlist, [[Jahnu Barua]], the head of the 13-member all-male jury remarked to the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' that people ought to be "respectful of the process".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title='All We Imagine As Light was very poor technically': FFI responds amid 'Laapataa Ladies' failure to be shortlisted for the Oscars |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2024/12/18/all-we-imagine-as-light-was-very-poor-technically-ffi-responds-amid-laapataa-ladies-failure-to-be-shortlisted-for-the-oscars.html |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=The Week |language=en |archive-date=18 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218124154/https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2024/12/18/all-we-imagine-as-light-was-very-poor-technically-ffi-responds-amid-laapataa-ladies-failure-to-be-shortlisted-for-the-oscars.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Elaborating on the decision to not consider ''All That We Imagine As Light'', Barua said "The jury felt that her film was very poor technically."<ref name=":2" />

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Date of ceremony
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Recipient(s)
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Refh}}
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" | [[Cannes Film Festival]]
| rowspan="3" | [[2024 Cannes Film Festival|25 May 2024]]
| [[Palme d'Or]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Payal Kapadia (filmmaker)|Payal Kapadia]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2024/04/cannes-film-festival-lineup-2024-live-francis-ford-coppola-thierry-fremaux-1235881376/|title=Cannes Film Festival Lineup Set: Competition Includes Coppola, Audiard, Cronenberg, Arnold, Lanthimos, Sorrentino & Abbasi's Trump Movie — Full List|last=Ntim|first=Zac|date=11 April 2024|website=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]]|access-date=9 May 2024|archive-date=10 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510021739/https://deadline.com/2024/04/cannes-film-festival-lineup-2024-live-francis-ford-coppola-thierry-fremaux-1235881376/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)|Grand Prix]]
| {{won}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/awards/results/cannes-2024-awards-winners-list-palme-dor-1235009040/|title='Anora' Wins the Palme d'Or at Cannes (Complete Winners List)|last=Richlin|first=Harrison|date=25 May 2024|website=[[Indiewire]]|access-date=25 May 2024|archive-date=11 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611204034/https://www.indiewire.com/awards/results/cannes-2024-awards-winners-list-palme-dor-1235009040/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Prix des Cinémas Art et Essai – Special Mention
| {{won}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prix des Cinémas Art et Essai 2024 : LES GRAINES DU FIGUIER SAUVAGE de Mohammad Rasoulof |url=https://www.art-et-essai.org/manifestations/1201606/prix-des-cinemas-art-et-essai-2024-les-graines-du-figuier-sauvage-de-mohammad |access-date=25 May 2024 |website=Association Française des Cinémas d'Art et d'Essai |language=fr |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605040747/https://www.art-et-essai.org/manifestations/1201606/prix-des-cinemas-art-et-essai-2024-les-graines-du-figuier-sauvage-de-mohammad |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Sydney Film Festival]]
| [[71st Sydney Film Festival|16 June 2024]]
| Best Film
| rowspan="9" | ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{nom}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/sydney-film-festival-reveals-2024-competition-line-up/5193127.article|title=Sydney Film Festival reveals 2024 competition line-up|website=[[Screen Daily]]|first=Michael|last=Rosser|date=7 May 2024|access-date=26 August 2024|archive-date=27 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827212757/https://www.screendaily.com/news/sydney-film-festival-reveals-2024-competition-line-up/5193127.article|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Munich International Film Festival]]
| 6 July 2024
| Best International Film
| {{nom}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ntim |first=Zac |date=2024-06-18 |title=Demi Moore Body Horror 'The Substance' & Payal Kapadia's Breakout 'All We Imagine As Light' Set For Munich International Film Festival |url=https://deadline.com/2024/06/the-substance-payal-kapadia-all-we-imagine-as-light-munich-international-film-festival-2024-lineup-1235976794/ |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Jerusalem Film Festival]]
| 25 July 2024
| International Competition
| {{nom}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://jff.org.il/en/lobby/international-competition-6/|title=Jerusalem Film Festival 2024|website=[[Jerusalem Film Festival]]|date=25 July 2024|access-date=25 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[San Sebastián International Film Festival]]
| [[72nd San Sebastián International Film Festival|28 September 2024]]
| RTVE-Another Look Award
| {{won}}
| align="center" | <ref name="parallel awards">{{Cite web|website=Escribiendo Cine|url=https://www.escribiendocine.com/noticias/2024/09/28/18445-todos-los-ganadores-del-festival-de-san-sebastian-2024|title=Todos los ganadores del Festival de San Sebastián 2024|date=28 September 2024|access-date=29 September 2024|archive-date=29 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240929061937/https://www.escribiendocine.com/noticias/2024/09/28/18445-todos-los-ganadores-del-festival-de-san-sebastian-2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" | [[Chicago International Film Festival]]
| rowspan="2" | [[60th Chicago International Film Festival|27 October 2024]]
| Gold Hugo
| {{nom}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/all-we-imagine-as-light-the-end-harvest-among-chicago-international-film-festival-line-up-exclusive/5197376.article|title='All We Imagine As Light', 'The End', 'Harvest' among Chicago International Film Festival line-up (exclusive)|website=[[ScreenDaily]]|first=Jeremy|last=Kay|date=20 September 2024|access-date=20 September 2024|archive-date=23 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923215221/https://www.screendaily.com/news/all-we-imagine-as-light-the-end-harvest-among-chicago-international-film-festival-line-up-exclusive/5197376.article|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Silver Hugo – Jury Prize
| {{won}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Blauvelt |first=Christian |date=25 October 2024 |title=Chicago International Film Festival Awards Top Prizes to 'Vermiglio,' 'All We Imagine as Light' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/news/festivals/2024-chicago-international-film-festival-awards-winners-list-1235060146/ |access-date=26 October 2024 |website=[[IndieWire]] |language=en-US |archive-date=13 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113011616/https://www.indiewire.com/news/festivals/2024-chicago-international-film-festival-awards-winners-list-1235060146/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Montclair Film|Montclair Film Festival]]
| 28 October 2024
| Fiction Feature Prize
| {{won}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bergeson |first=Samantha |date=28 October 2024 |title=Montclair Film Festival Announces 2024 Winners: 'All We Imagine as Light' Takes Top Prize |work=[[IndieWire]] |url=https://www.indiewire.com/news/festivals/montclair-film-festival-2024-winners-1235060613/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107035154/https://www.indiewire.com/news/festivals/montclair-film-festival-2024-winners-1235060613/ |archive-date=7 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]''
| 2024
| [[Cahiers du Cinéma's Annual Top 10 Lists|Annual Top 10]]
| {{won|place=5th Place}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2024 |title=TOP 10 – Rédaction 2024 |url=https://www.cahiersducinema.com/top-10-redaction/top-10-redaction-2024/ |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=[[Cahiers du Cinéma]] |language=fr-FR |archive-date=4 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204093630/https://www.cahiersducinema.com/top-10-redaction/top-10-redaction-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Kyiv International Film Festival "Molodist"]]
| 2 November 2024
| Best Full Length Film
| {{won}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/sydney-film-festival-reveals-2024-competition-line-up/5193127.article|title=Sydney Film Festival reveals 2024 competition line-up|website=[[Screen Daily]]|first=Michael|last=Rosser|date=7 May 2024|access-date=26 August 2024|archive-date=27 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827212757/https://www.screendaily.com/news/sydney-film-festival-reveals-2024-competition-line-up/5193127.article|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row" | [[Asia Pacific Screen Awards]]
| rowspan="6" | [[17th Asia Pacific Screen Awards|30 November 2024]]
| [[Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| Thomas Hakim, Julien Graff, Payal Kapadia
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="5" align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2024 |title=17th ASIA PACIFIC SCREEN AWARDS NOMINATIONS ANNOUNCED |url=https://www.asiapacificscreenawards.com/news-events/17th-asia-pacific-screen-awards-nominations-announced |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[Asia Pacific Screen Awards]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| [[Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| rowspan="2" | Payal Kapadia
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Performance
| [[Kani Kusruti]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematography]]
| Ranabir Das
| {{nom}}
|-
| Jury Grand Prize
| ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{won}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/asia-pacific-screen-awards-april-all-we-imagine-as-light-1236231276/|title='April' Takes Double Win at Asia Pacific Screen Awards|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Patrick|last=Frater|date=30 November 2024|access-date=1 December 2024|archive-date=1 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201011606/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/asia-pacific-screen-awards-april-all-we-imagine-as-light-1236231276/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" | [[Gotham Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Gotham Independent Film Awards 2024|2 December 2024]]
| [[Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| Payal Kapadia
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2" align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2024 |title=The Gothams Announce Award Nominees for 34th Edition {{!}} The Gotham |url=https://thegotham.org/press/the-gothams-announce-award-nominees-for-34th-edition/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=[[The Gotham Film & Media Institute|The Gotham]] |language=en-US |archive-date=7 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107133944/https://thegotham.org/press/the-gothams-announce-award-nominees-for-34th-edition/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lattanzio |first=Ryan |date=29 October 2024 |title='Anora,' 'Babygirl,' 'Challengers' Among Top Gotham Awards Nominees — Full List |url=https://www.indiewire.com/awards/results/gotham-awards-2024-nominations-1235060860/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=[[IndieWire]] |language=en-US |archive-date=22 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122130035/https://www.indiewire.com/awards/results/gotham-awards-2024-nominations-1235060860/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Gotham Independent Film Award for Best International Feature|Best International Feature]]
| Payal Kapadia, Thomas Hakim, Julien Graff
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[New York Film Critics Circle]]
| [[2024 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|3 December 2024]]
| [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best International Film]]
| rowspan="2"| ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{won}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Jason P. |date=3 December 2024 |title=The 2024 New York Film Critics Circle Award Winners |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/new-york-film-critics-circle-winners.html |access-date=4 December 2024 |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |language=en |archive-date=4 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204051942/https://www.vulture.com/article/new-york-film-critics-circle-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[National Board of Review]]
| [[National Board of Review Awards 2024|4 December 2024]]
| [[National Board of Review: Top Five International Films|Top Five International Films]]
| {{won}}{{efn|name=multiple|This award does not have a single winner, but recognizes multiple films.}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/awards/results/national-board-of-review-2024-winners-list-1235072435/ |title='Wicked' and Jon M. Chu Win Big with the National Board of Review — See the Full List |first=Ryan |last=Lattanzio |work=[[IndieWire]] |date=December 4, 2024 |access-date=December 5, 2024 |archive-date=5 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205193927/https://www.indiewire.com/awards/results/national-board-of-review-2024-winners-list-1235072435/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[British Independent Film Awards]]
| [[British Independent Film Awards 2024|8 December 2024]]
| [[British Independent Film Award for Best International Independent Film|Best International Independent Film]]
| Payal Kapadia, Thomas Hakim, Julien Graff
| {{nom}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Szalai |first=Georg |date=5 November 2024 |title=British Independent Film Awards: 'Kneecap,' 'Love Lies Bleeding' Lead Nominations |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/bifa-2024-nominations-british-independent-film-awards-kneecap-1236052845/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[The Astra Awards|Astra Film Awards]]
| [[8th Astra Film Awards|8 December 2024]]
| Best International Feature
| rowspan="3" | ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{nom}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/astra-film-awards-nominations-wicked/ |title='Wicked' Leads Nominations for Astra Film Awards |last=Pond |first=Steve |website=[[TheWrap]] |date=November 25, 2024 |access-date=November 26, 2024 |archive-date=26 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126020313/https://www.thewrap.com/astra-film-awards-nominations-wicked/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]]
| [[2024 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|8 December 2024]]
| [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]]
| {{won}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Richlin |first=Harrison |date=2024-12-08 |title='Anora' Wins Best Picture from Los Angeles Film Critics Association — Winners List |url=https://www.indiewire.com/awards/results/2024-los-angeles-film-critics-association-awards-winners-list-1235073900/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=[[IndieWire]] |language=en-US |archive-date=9 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209205218/https://www.indiewire.com/awards/results/2024-los-angeles-film-critics-association-awards-winners-list-1235073900/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[San Diego Film Critics Society]]
| [[San Diego Film Critics Society Awards 2024|9 December 2024]]
| [[San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-06 |title=2024 San Diego Film Critics Society Nominations |url=https://www.sdfcs.org/2024-nominations/ |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=[[San Diego Film Critics Society]] |language=en-US |archive-date=7 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207105952/https://www.sdfcs.org/2024-nominations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" | [[Chicago Film Critics Association]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Chicago Film Critics Association Awards 2024|11 December 2024]]
| Milos Stehlik Award for Breakthrough Filmmaker
| Payal Kapadia
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2" align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tallerico |first=Brian |date=December 10, 2024 |title="The Brutalist" Leads Chicago Film Critics Association Nominees |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/festivals/the-brutalist-leads-chicago-film-critics-association-nominees |access-date=December 10, 2024 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |language=en-US |archive-date=11 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211081413/https://www.rogerebert.com/festivals/the-brutalist-leads-chicago-film-critics-association-nominees |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tallerico |first=Brian |date=2024-12-12 |title="The Brutalist," "Nickel Boys" Lead 2024 CFCA Awards |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/festivals/the-brutalist-nickel-boys-lead-2024-cfca-awards |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]]
| rowspan="5" | ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[Film Comment Magazine]]
| 12 December 2024
| Best Film
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-12 |title=Best Films of 2024|url=https://www.filmcomment.com/best-films-of-2024/|access-date=2024-12-12 |website=filmcomment.com |language=en-US }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Phoenix Critics Circle]]
| 13 December 2024
| Best Foreign Language Film
| {{won}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-13 |title=The 2024 Phoenix Critics Circle |url=https://www.phxcritics.com/awards-1#2024-awards/ |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=Phoenix Critics Circle |archive-date=11 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511000015/https://www.phxcritics.com/awards-1#2024-awards/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[St. Louis Film Critics Association]]
| [[2024 St. Louis Film Critics Association Awards|15 December 2024]]
| Best International Feature Film
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual StLFCA Awards |url=https://www.stlfilmcritics.org/awards |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=St. Louis Film Critics Association |language=en-US |archive-date=20 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220130352/http://www.stlfilmcritics.org/awards |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle]]
| [[San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Awards 2024|15 December 2024]]
| [[San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best International Feature Film]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-12-10|title=2024 San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle (SFBAFCC) Nominations|url=https://awardswatch.com/2024-san-francisco-bay-area-film-critics-circle-sfbafcc-nominations/|access-date=2024-12-13|website=AwardsWatch|language=en-US|archive-date=14 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214153857/https://awardswatch.com/2024-san-francisco-bay-area-film-critics-circle-sfbafcc-nominations/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" | [[Toronto Film Critics Association]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2024|15 December 2024]]
| [[Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| rowspan="2" | Payal Kapadia
| {{runner-up}}
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2024 |title=Nickel Boys Leads 2024 TFCA Awards Winners |url=https://torontofilmcritics.com/features/nickel-boys-leads-2024-tfca-awards-winners/ |access-date=December 17, 2024 |website=[[Toronto Film Critics Association]] |language=en-CA |archive-date=16 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216010719/https://torontofilmcritics.com/features/nickel-boys-leads-2024-tfca-awards-winners/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best International Feature]]
| rowspan="9" | ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[New York Film Critics Online]]
| 16 December 2024
| Best International Feature
| {{won}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-09 |title=The 2024 New York Film Critics Online (NYFCO) Nominations |url=https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-new-york-film-critics-online-nyfco-nominations/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Next Best Picture |language=en-US |archive-date=17 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217201143/https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-new-york-film-critics-online-nyfco-nominations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Indiana Film Journalists Association ]]
| 16 December 2024
| Best Foreign Language Film
| {{nom}}
| align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-09 |title=The 2024 Indiana Film Journalists Association (IFJA) Winners | url= https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-indiana-film-journalists-association-ifja-winners/|access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Next Best Picture |language=en-US }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association]]
| [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2024|18 December 2024]]
| Best Foreign Language Film
| {{draw|3rd place}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jorgenson |first=Todd |date=December 18, 2024 |title=DFW FILM CRITICS NAME "ANORA" BEST PICTURE OF 2024 |url=https://dfwcritics.com/dfw-film-critics-name-anora-best-picture-of-2024/ |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association |language=en-US |archive-date=20 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220105332/https://dfwcritics.com/dfw-film-critics-name-anora-best-picture-of-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Dublin Film Critics' Circle]]
| 19 December 2024
| Best Film
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Clarke |first=Donald |date=19 December 2024 |title=Dublin Film Critics Circle awards 2024: The Zone of Interest and Kneecap big winners |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/2024/12/19/dublin-film-critics-circle-awards-2024-the-zone-of-interest-and-kneecap-big-winners/ |access-date=25 December 2024 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222171108/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/2024/12/19/dublin-film-critics-circle-awards-2024-the-zone-of-interest-and-kneecap-big-winners/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Black Film Critics Circle]]
| 19 December 2024
| Best Foreign Film
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2024 |title=Black Film Critics Circle awards |url=https://www.blackfilmandtv.com/news/black-film-critics-circle-names-sing-sing-best-film-cynthia-erivo-colman-domingo-among-winners-for-2024/ |access-date=19 December 2024 |website=[[Black Film Critics Circle]] |language=en |archive-date=27 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227064836/https://www.blackfilmandtv.com/news/black-film-critics-circle-names-sing-sing-best-film-cynthia-erivo-colman-domingo-among-winners-for-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Philadelphia Film Critics Circle]]
| 21 December 2024
| Best Foreign Film
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heimlich |first=Rich |date=21 December 2024 |title=2024 PFCC Annual Awards |url=https://philafcc.org/2024/12/22/2024-pfcc-annual-awards/ |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=Philadelphia Film Critics Circle |language=en-US |archive-date=22 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222233126/https://philafcc.org/2024/12/22/2024-pfcc-annual-awards/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" | [[Florida Film Critics Circle]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Florida Film Critics Circle Awards 2024|21 December 2024]]
| Best International Film
| {{won}}
| rowspan="3" align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 21, 2024 |title="THE BEAST" DOMINATES FFCC AWARDS WITH THREE WINS, "DUNE: PART TWO" WINS TWO |url=https://www.floridafilmcritics.com/2024/12/21/the-beast-dominates-ffcc-awards/ |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=[[Florida Film Critics Circle]] |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241224082450/https://www.floridafilmcritics.com/2024/12/21/the-beast-dominates-ffcc-awards/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Best Ensemble
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Director
| Payal Kapadia
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[Online Association of Female Film Critics]]
| 23 December 2024
| Best International Feature
| rowspan="9" | ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-23 |title=Online Association of Female Film Critics 2024 Awards – Winners |url=https://oaffc.com/2024/12/23/online-association-of-female-film-critics-2024-awards-winners/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Online Association of Female Film Critics |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241224044544/https://oaffc.com/2024/12/23/online-association-of-female-film-critics-2024-awards-winners/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[North Texas Film Critics Association Awards|North Texas Film Critics Association]]
| 30 December 2024
| Best Foreign Language Film
| {{Nominated}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2024 |title=The 2024 North Texas Film Critics Association (NTFCA) Nominations |url=https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-north-texas-film-critics-association-ntfca-nominations/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=North Texas Critics Association |language=en |archive-date=23 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223214020/https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-north-texas-film-critics-association-ntfca-nominations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Columbus Film Critics Association]]
| 2 January 2025
| Best Foreign Language Film
| {{Runner-up}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2, 2025 |title=Awards 2024 |url=https://cofca.org/awards-2024/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=Columbus Film Critics Association |language=en-US |archive-date=3 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103200743/https://cofca.org/awards-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[North Carolina Film Critics Association]]
| 3 January 2025
| Best Foreign Language Film
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-03 |title=Conclave Earns Best Picture Honors from the North Carolina Film Critics Association |url=https://ncfilmcritics.org/award-winners/conclave-earns-best-picture-honors-from-the-north-carolina-film-critics-association/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=NC Film Critics |language=en-US |archive-date=3 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103213949/https://ncfilmcritics.org/award-winners/conclave-earns-best-picture-honors-from-the-north-carolina-film-critics-association/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Kansas City Film Critics Circle]]
| 4 January 2025
| Best Foreign Language Film
| {{Nominated}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 December 2024|title=The 2024 Kansas City Film Critics Circle (KCFCC) Nominations|url=https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-kansas-city-film-critics-circle-kcfcc-nominations/|access-date=30 December 2024|website=Next Best Picture|language=en|archive-date=30 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241230164518/https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-kansas-city-film-critics-circle-kcfcc-nominations/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[DiscussingFilm Critic Awards]]
| 4 January 2025
| Best International Feature Film
| {{Runner-up}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2024 |title=The 2024 DiscussingFilm Global Critic Award (DFGFCA) Nominations |url=https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-discussingfilm-global-critic-award-dfgfca-nominations/ |access-date=29 December 2024 |website=DiscussingFilm Global Critic Award |language=en |archive-date=29 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229201300/https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-discussingfilm-global-critic-award-dfgfca-nominations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Greater Western New York Film Critics Association]]
| 4 January 2025
| Best Foreign Language Film
| {{Nominated}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2024 |title=The 2024 GWNYFCA Film Awards Nominees |url=https://gwnyfilmcritics.com/portfolio/awards-2024/ |access-date=24 December 2024 |website=Greater Western New York Film Critics Association (GWNYFCA) |language=en |archive-date=23 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223153728/https://gwnyfilmcritics.com/portfolio/awards-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" | [[National Society of Film Critics]]
| rowspan="3" | [[2024 National Society of Film Critics Awards|4 January 2025]]
| [[National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{Runner-up}}
| rowspan="3" align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGovern |first=Joe |date=January 4, 2025 |title='Nickel Boys' Wins Best Film from National Society of Film Critics |url=https://www.thewrap.com/nickel-boys-wins-best-film-from-national-society-of-film-critics/ |access-date=January 5, 2025 |website=[[TheWrap]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 4, 2025 |title='Nickel Boys' voted best picture of 2024 |url=https://nationalsocietyoffilmcritics.com/2025/01/04/nickel-boys-voted-best-picture-of-2024/ |access-date=January 5, 2025 |website=[[National Society of Film Critics]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Film Not In English Language]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| Payal Kapadia
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[Golden Globe Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | [[82nd Golden Globe Awards|5 January 2025]]
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]]
| ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barnard |first=Matthew |date=2024-12-09 |title=NOMINATIONS ANNOUNCED FOR 82nd ANNUAL GOLDEN GLOBES® |url=https://goldenglobes.com/articles/nominations-announced-for-82nd-annual-golden-globes/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Golden Globes |language=en-US |archive-date=9 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209150741/https://goldenglobes.com/articles/nominations-announced-for-82nd-annual-golden-globes/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| Payal Kapadia
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[Georgia Film Critics Association]]
| [[Georgia Film Critics Association|7 January 2025]]
| Best International Film
| ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{Runner-up}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |last1=Lang |first1=Brent |last2=Moreau |first2=Jordan |date=December 31, 2024 |title=Georgia Film Critics Association Awards 2025 Nominations |url=https://www.georgiafilmcritics.org/p/2024-awards.html/ |access-date=December 31, 2024 |archive-date=3 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103131728/https://www.georgiafilmcritics.org/p/2024-awards.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" | [[Alliance of Women Film Journalists]]
| rowspan="5" | 7 January 2025
| Best International Film
| ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="5" align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Minton |first=Matt |date=2025-01-07 |title='The Brutalist,' 'Conclave' and 'The Substance' Lead Wins at Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2025/awards/awards/alliance-of-women-film-journalists-awards-the-brutalist-the-substance-conclave-1236267677/ |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-12-13|title=The 2024 EDA Award Nominees|url=https://awfj.org/2024-eda-awards-categories/2024-eda-award-nominees/|access-date=2024-12-13|website=[[Alliance of Women Film Journalists]]|language=en-US|archive-date=13 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213202949/https://awfj.org/2024-eda-awards-categories/2024-eda-award-nominees/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Best Director
| rowspan="4" | Payal Kapadia
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Original Screenplay
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Woman Director
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Woman Screenwriter
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" | Utah Film Critics Association
| 11 January 2025
| Best Non-English Feature
| rowspan="1" | ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|date=December 21, 2024 |title=The 2024 Utah Film Critics Association (UFCA) Nominations |url=https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-utah-film-critics-association-ufca-nominations/|access-date=December 21, 2024 |website=[[Next Best Picture]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-puerto-rico-critics-association-prca-winners/ Puerto Rico Critics Association]
| rowspan="2" |12 January 2025
| Best Director
| Payal Kapadia
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-12|title=The 2024 Puerto Rico Critics Association (PRCA) Winners|url=https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-puerto-rico-critics-association-prca-winners/|access-date=2025-01-12|website=Next Best Picture |language=en-US }}</ref>
|-
| Best International Feature
| rowspan="7" | ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[Hawaii Film Critics Society]]
| 13 January 2025
| Best Foreign Language Film
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|date=January 6, 2025 |title=The 2024 Hawaii Film Critics Society (HFCS) Nominations |url=https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-hawaii-film-critics-society-hfcs-nominations/ |access-date=January 6, 2025 |website=[[Next Best Picture]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[North Dakota Film Society|North Dakota Film Society Awards]]
| 13 January 2025
| Best International Feature
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|date=January 6, 2025 |title=6th North Dakota Film Society Awards Nominations Announced|url= https://www.northdakotafilmsociety.com/news/6th-ndfs-awards-nominations/|access-date=January 6, 2025 |website=[[northdakotafilmsociety]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Houston Film Critics Society]]
| 14 January 2025
| Best Foreign Language Feature
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 7, 2025 |title=The 2024 Houston Film Critics Society (HFCS) Nominations|url=https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-houston-film-critics-society-hfcs-nominations/|access-date=January 7, 2025 |website=nextbestpicture.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Portland Critics Association]]
| 14 January 2025
| Best Film Not in the English Language
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 9, 2025 |title=2024 Portland Critics Association (PCA) Nominations |url=https://portlandcritics.com/2024-awards/ |access-date=January 9, 2025 |website=portlandcritics.com |language=en |archive-date=14 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214110332/https://portlandcritics.com/2024-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row" | [[Women Film Critics Circle]]
| rowspan="4" scope="row" | 15 January 2025
| Best Movie About Women
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2025 |title=The 2024 Women Film Critics Circle (WFCC) Winners|url=https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-women-film-critics-circle-wfcc-winners/|access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=nextbestpicture.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Best Foreign Film By Or About Women
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Movie By Women (Directing)
| rowspan="2" | Payal Kapadia
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Women Storyteller ( Screenwriting Award)
| {{Runner-up}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[Chicago Indie Critics]]
| 18 January 2025
| Best International Film
| rowspan="11" | ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 2025 |title=2024 Windie Award Nominations|url=https://chicagoindiecritics.org/2025/01/2024-windie-award-nominations/|access-date=January 6, 2025 |website=chicagoindiecritics.org|language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Lumière Awards]]
| [[30th Lumière Awards|20 January 2025]]
| [[Lumière Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jamet |first=Constance |date=2024-12-12 |title=Emilia Perez récolte six nominations aux prix Lumières et poursuit son envolée |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/cinema/emilia-perez-recolte-six-nominations-aux-prix-lumieres-et-poursuit-son-envolee-20241212 |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=[[Le Figaro]] |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Denver Film Critics Society]]
| 24 January 2025
| Best Non-English Language Feature
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 17, 2025 |title=The 2024 Denver Film Critics Society (DFCS) Nominations|url=https://nextbestpicture.com/the-2024-denver-film-critics-society-dfcs-nominations/|access-date=January 17, 2025 |website=nextbestpicture.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" | Girls on Film Awards
| rowspan="3" | 26 January 2025
| Best Feature Film
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 27, 2025 |title='The Substance' Wins Best Feature At Fourth Annual Girls On Film Awards|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/substance-wins-best-feature-fourth-135956771.html|access-date=January 28, 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Best Female Friendship on Screen
| {{won}}
|-
| Ensemble Cast Award
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[Online Film Critics Society]]
| 27 January 2025
| Best Film Not in the English Language
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 17, 2025 |title=2024 Online Film Critics Society (OFCS) Nominations: 'Dune: Part Two,' 'The Brutalist' Lead|url=https://ofcs.org/|access-date=January 17, 2025 |website=[[Online Film Critics Society]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Göteborg Film Festival]]
| 29 January 2025
| International Competition
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 10, 2025 |title=48th Göteborg Film Festival|url=https://goteborgfilmfestival.se/|access-date=January 10, 2025 |website=goteborgfilmfestival.se |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" | [[London Film Critics' Circle]]
| rowspan="2" | [[London Film Critics Circle Awards 2024|2 February 2025]]
| [[London Film Critics' Circle Award for Film of the Year|Film of the Year]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2" align="center" | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Shoard |first=Catherine |date=2 February 2025 |title=The Brutalist wins best film at London Critics' Circle awards |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2025/feb/02/the-brutalist-wins-best-film-london-critics-circle-awards-nothing-else |access-date=2 February 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Pulver |first=Andrew |date=2024-12-19 |title=Anora and The Brutalist lead London film critics' award nominations |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2024/dec/19/london-film-critics-circle-award-nominations-anora-the-brutalist |access-date=2024-12-25 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
|-
| [[London Film Critics' Circle Award for Foreign Language Film of the Year|Foreign Language Film of the Year]]
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[Critics' Choice Movie Awards]]
| [[30th Critics' Choice Awards|7 February 2025]]
| [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]]
| {{Nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=VanHoose |first=Benjamin |date=December 12, 2024 |title=Critics Choice Awards 2025 Nominations: 'Wicked' and 'Conclave' Lead Film Nominees |url=https://people.com/critics-choice-awards-2025-nominations-movies-full-list-8760158 |access-date=December 12, 2024 |website=[[People (magazine)|People.com]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Directors Guild of America Awards]]
| [[77th Directors Guild of America Awards|8 February 2025]]
| [[Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – First-Time Feature Film|Outstanding Directing – First-Time Feature Film]]
| Payal Kapadia
| {{Nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2025 |title=DGA Announces Nominees for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Theatrical Feature Film for 2024 |url=https://www.dga.org/News/PressReleases/2025/250108_77thAnnualDGAAwardsFeatureFilmNomineesAnnounced |access-date=January 8, 2025 |website=[[Directors Guild of America]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="9" scope="row" | [[International Cinephile Society]]
| rowspan="9" | 9 February 2025
| Best Picture
| rowspan="2" | ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{Won}}
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stevens |first=Beth |date=February 9, 2025 |title=2025 ICS Award Winners |url=https://icsfilm.org/our-yearly-awards/2025-ics-award-winners/ |access-date=February 12, 2025 |website=[[International Cinephile Society]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| Best Ensemble
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Director
| rowspan="2" | Payal Kapadia
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Original Screenplay
| {{Runner up}}
|-
| Best Actress
| Kani Kusruti
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | Best Supporting Actress
| [[Chhaya Kadam]]
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[Divya Prabha]]
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| Best Cinematography
| Ranabir Das
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| Best Editing
| Clément Pinteaux
| {{Nominated}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[Dorian Awards]]
| 13 February 2025
| Non English Film Of The Year
| rowspan="6" | ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=January 17, 2025 |title=Dorian Awards Nominations: 'I Saw The TV Glow' & 'The Substance' Lead Field |url=https://deadline.com/2025/01/dorian-awards-nominations-1236259842/ |access-date=February 12, 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[British Academy Film Awards]]
| [[78th British Academy Film Awards|16 February 2025]]
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language|Best Film Not in the English Language]]
| {{Nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johns |first=Gibson |date=15 January 2025 |title=Timothée Chalamet, Selena Gomez and More Score 2025 BAFTA Nominations: See the Complete List |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1412220/timothee-chalamet-selena-gomez-and-more-score-2025-bafta-nominations-see-the-complete-list |access-date=15 January 2025 |website=[[E! Online]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Vancouver Film Critics Circle]]
| 19 February 2025
| Best International Film in Non-English Language
| {{Nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vlessing |first=Etan |date=January 20, 2025 |title='Anora' Leads Vancouver Film Critics Circle Nominations With Five Nods |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/anora-vancouver-film-critics-circle-nominations-1236113450/ |access-date=February 12, 2025 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Independent Spirit Awards]]
| [[40th Independent Spirit Awards|22 February 2025]]
| [[Independent Spirit Award for Best International Film|Best International Film]]
| {{Nominated}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |last1=Lang |first1=Brent |last2=Moreau |first2=Jordan |date=December 4, 2024 |title=Spirit Awards 2025 Nominations: 'Anora' and 'I Saw the TV Glow' Lead Film Categories, 'Shōgun' Rules TV |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/spirit-awards-2025-nominations-1236233647/ |access-date=December 5, 2024 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-date=5 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205023034/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/spirit-awards-2025-nominations-1236233647/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Online Film & Television Association
| 23 February 2025
| Best Foreign Language Film
| {{Runner up}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |last1=Lang |first1=Brent |last2=Moreau |first2=Jordan |date=February 2, 2025 |title=The 2024 Online Film & Television Association (OFTA) Nominations|url=https://www.oftaawards.com/film-awards/29th-annual-film-awards-2024/|access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=Online Film & Television Association }}</ref>
|-
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" | [Https://vhscut.com/2025/02/05/indicados-ao-vhs-awards-2024/ VHS Awards]
| rowspan="5" | February 2025
| Best Film
| {{Nominated}}
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indicados ao VHS Awards 2024|url=https://vhscut.com/2025/02/05/indicados-ao-vhs-awards-2024/ |access-date=16 February 2025 |website=[[VHS Cut]] |date=5 February 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vencedores do VHS Awards 2024|url=https://vhscut.com/2025/03/09/vencedores-do-vhs-awards-2024/|access-date=16 March 2025 |website=[[VHS Cut]] |date=9 March 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| Best Director
| rowspan="2"|Payal Kapadia
| {{draw|2nd Place}}
|-
| Best Original Screenplay
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Actress
| Kani Kusruti
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| Divya Prabha
| {{Nominated}}
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row" | [[Asian Film Awards]]
| rowspan="6" | [[18th Asian Film Awards|16 March 2025]]
| [[Asian Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| ''All We Imagine as Light''
| {{Won}}
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=March 16, 2025 |title='All We Imagine as Light' Wins Top Prize as Honors Spread Evenly at Asian Film Awards|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/awards/all-we-imagine-as-light-asian-film-awards-2025-winners-1236338748/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| [[Asian Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| rowspan="2" | Payal Kapadia
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[Asian Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[Asian Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| Kani Kusruti
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[Asian Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| Divya Prabha
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| Best Editing
| Clément Pinteaux
| {{Nominated}}
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Letterboxd title}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for ''All We Imagine as Light''
|list =
{{Asian Film Award for Best Film}}
{{Cannes Film Festival Grand Prix}}
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{Gotham Independent Film Award for Best International Feature}}
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for Foreign Language Film of the Year}}
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{TFCA Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 independent films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian independent films]]
[[Category:2024 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ratnagiri]]
[[Category:Films shot in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Arte France Cinéma films]]
[[Category:2024 French films]]
[[Category:2024 Italian films]]
[[Category:Dutch drama films]]
[[Category:Luxembourgian drama films]]
[[Category:Italian drama films]]
[[Category:French drama films]]
[[Category:Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival) winners]]
[[Category:Films about nurses]]
[[Category:Films directed by Payal Kapadia]]
[[Category:Best Film Asian Film Award winners]]
[[Category:2024 Dutch films]]
[[Category:2024 Luxembourgian films]]

Kavindra Chaudhary

2026-04-29T19:56:32Z

SabinaGuffey: New New Article First Draft.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kavindra Chaudhary
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1992|02|22}}
| birth_place = [[Sant Kabir Nagar district]]
| constituency = [[Kaptanganj Assembly constituency|Kaptanganj]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = March 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Chandra Prakash Shukla]]
| successor =
| father = [[Ram Prasad Chaudhary]]
| children =
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| profession = Politician
| spouse =
}}
'''Kavindra Chaudhary''' is an Indian politician, farmer, and a member of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from the [[Kaptanganj Assembly constituency]] of [[Basti district]].<ref name="upla">{{Cite web |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/18309/18 |title=Members of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] |website=uplegisassembly.gov.in |access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/kavindra-chaudhary |title=Kavindra Chaudhary |access-date=17 June 2024 |website=prsindia.org |publisher=[[PRS Legislative Research]]}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref name="upla"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://samajwadiparty.in/members-of-vidhan-sabha |title=Member Of Vidhan Sabha |access-date=17 June 2024 |website=samajwadiparty.in |publisher=[[Samajwadi Party]]}}</ref>

==Early life==

Kavindra Chaudhary was born on 22 February 1992 in [[Sant Kabir Nagar district]], Uttar Pradesh,<ref name="upla"/> to a [[Hindu]] family of [[Ram Prasad Chaudhary]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/up-assembly-election-2022-atul-chaudhary-fighting-election-in-kaptanganj-to-save-the-legacy-of-his-father-ramprasad-chaudhary-ann-2044898 |title=UP Election 2022: कप्तानगंज में पिता की विरासत बचाने के लिए विधानसभा चुनाव में उतरा है एक बेटा, जानिए कितना पढ़ा-लिखा है |language=hi |date=23 January 2022 |author=Satish Srivastava |access-date=17 June 2024 |publisher=[[ABP News]]}}</ref> He married Sweta Verma on 15 November 2017, and they have two child.<ref name="upla"/>

== See also ==

* [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]
* [[Kaptanganj Assembly constituency]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhary, Kavindra}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian political people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}

N. T. Srinivas

2026-04-29T13:51:07Z

SabinaGuffey: Creating New Info.

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1976)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''N. T. Srinivas''' (born 1976) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is an MLA from [[Kudligi Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for ST community in [[Vijayanagara district]]. He won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Srinivas N T in Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/karnataka/srinivas-n-t-kudligi-candidate-s10a096c002/ |access-date=2024-08-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kudligi Assembly Election 2023: BJP's Lokesh V Nayaka To Go Up Against Congress' Srinivas NT; AAP, JDS Also In Fray |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/elections/karnataka-assembly-election/kudligi-assembly-election-2023-karnataka-mla-results-bjp-congress-jds-aap-candidates-lokesh-v-nayaka-srinivas-10075051 |access-date=2024-08-10 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Karnataka election results 2023: Full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/karnataka-election-results-full-list-of-winners-8606612/ |access-date=2024-08-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Srinivas is from [[Kudligi]], in the erstwhile [[Bellary district]] which is currently in newly formed Vijayanagara district. His father is N. T. Bommanna. He completed his M.D. in Ophthalmology in 2004 at [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences|All India Institute of Medical science]], New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Srinivas N T(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- KUDLIGI (ST)(VIJAYANAGAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=7490 |access-date=2024-08-10 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Srinivas won from [[Kudligi Assembly constituency]] representing [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 104,753 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Lokesh V. Nayaka of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a huge margin of 54,350 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Election Results 2023 Constituency Wise Winning Candidates List |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-election-results-2023-constituency-wise-winning-candidates-list |access-date=2024-08-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Kudligi Election Result 2023 Live: Inc Candidate Srinivas N T Wins From Kudligi |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/molakalmuru-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-name-bjp-congress-jds-karnataka-assembly-election-result-1601815 |access-date=2024-08-10 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivas, N. T.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Ballari district]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]

Priyam (1996 film)

2026-04-29T13:48:32Z

SabinaGuffey:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Priyam
|image = Priyam (1996 film).jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = N. Pandian
| producer = Ashok Samraj
| starring = {{ubl|[[Arun Vijay|Arunkumar]]|[[Raasi (actress)|Manthra]]|[[Prakash Raj]]}}
| cinematography = Ganesh Ram
| editing = Lancy-Mohan
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| studio = Kasthuri Film International
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1996|9|9|ref1=}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Priyam''''' ({{translation|Affection}}) is a 1996 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic action film]] directed by N. Pandian and produced by Kasthuri Film International. The film stars [[Arun Vijay]] (credited as Arunkumar) alongside [[Raasi (actress)|Manthra]], while [[Prakash Raj]] plays a supporting role.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A-Z Continued... |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/97/Oct/a-z/atoz-2.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128025921/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/97/Oct/a-z/atoz-2.htm |archive-date=28 January 2015 |access-date=27 February 2015 |website=Indolink}}</ref> It was released on 9 September 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=பிரியம் / Priyam (1996) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/priyam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306045709/https://screen4screen.com/movies/priyam |archive-date=6 March 2024 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Arun Vijay|Arunkumar]] as Arimath
*[[Raasi (actress)|Manthra]] as Preetha
*[[Prakash Raj]] as Dharma
*[[Vadivelu]]
*Vittal Prasad
*Costumes Krishna
*[[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]]
*[[Oru Viral Krishna Rao]]
*[[Madhan Bob]]
*Rekha
*[[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]]
*[[S. N. Lakshmi]]
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]. Lyricists [[Vairamuthu]] and ilakkiyan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Priyam (1996) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/priyam-songs-T0000144 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522175312/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/priyam-songs-T0000144 |archive-date=22 May 2022 |access-date=13 May 2023 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!number!! Song !! Lyricist !! Singers
|-
| 1.||"Adaam Evaal" ||[[Vairamuthu]] || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Devie Neithiyar]]
|-
|2.|| "Dilruba Dilruba" || Vairamuthu || [[Gopal Rao (singer)|Gopal Rao]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
|3.|| "Kadhal Valai" || Ilakkiyan || Gopal Rao, [[Sindhu (singer)|Sindhu]]
|-
|4.|| "Oru Kelvi" || Vairamuthu || [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
|-
|5.|| "Thulli Varum" || Vairamuthu || Mano, [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|6.|| "Udaiyatha Vennila" || Vairamuthu || [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|}

== Reception ==
The film was a moderate hit at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2000 |title=Masala! |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/23082000/news02.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010515042211/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/23082000/news02.shtml |archive-date=15 May 2001 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> R. P. R. of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the music, cinematography and Prakash Raj's acting and added the film's first fifteen minutes feels dragged but the pace picks up after the arrival of Prakash Raj.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஆர். பி. ஆர் |date=1 September 1996 |title=பிரியம் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1996-09-01/page/24/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230513160236/https://archive.org/details/kalki1996-09-01/page/24/mode/2up |archive-date=13 May 2023 |access-date=13 May 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=25 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> D. S. Ramanujam of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Arun Kumar and newcomer Manthra make a pleasing pair, romancing without any inhibition, Ganeshram's camera making the best use of the seashore fort and its ramparts in the song and dance portions. Prakashraj displays a lot of dash in his approach, the wolf in sheep's clothing effect being brought about without much sweat".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=D. S. |date=23 August 1996 |title=Enokkoru Magan Pirappan/Priyam/Delhi Diary/Viswanath/Khamoshi |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/960824/03/2326a.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010424045903/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/960824/03/2326a.html |archive-date=24 April 2001 |access-date=6 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=26}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt15165832}}

[[Category:1996 Indian films]]
[[Category:1996 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:1996 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Goka Ramaswamy

2026-04-23T07:14:38Z

SabinaGuffey: started new page

{{Short description|Indian politician (1933–2005)}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| office1 = Minister for Food and Civil Supplies [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| office2 = Minister for Transport, Fisheries and Horticulture Development [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 1978
| term_end = 1985
| term_end1 = 1980
| term_start1 = 1978
| term_end2 = 1982
| term_start2 = 1980
| birth_date = 1933
| death_date = 21 March 2005 [[Hyderabad]]
| birth_place = [[Jangaon]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Telangana]], India)
| party = [[File:Hand INC.svg|25px]] [[Indian National Congress]]
| successor = Bojappaly Rajaiah
| predecessor = T. Hayagriva Chary
| constituency = [[Station Ghanpur]]
| alma_mater = [[Osmania University]]
| image = Goka Ramaswamy.jpg
}}

'''Goka Ramaswamy''' (1933 – 21 March 2005) was an Indian politician of the [[Indian National Congress]] from undivided [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|Andhra Pradesh]]. Ramaswamy served as a Minister in the erstwhile state of [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|Andhra Pradesh]] from 1978 to 1982 holding various portfolios. He was elected twice to [[Ghanpur Station Assembly constituency|Ghanpur (Station) Assembly constituency]] of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in 1978 and 1983 consecutively as a [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] candidate. He was also the Deputy Leader of the Congress Legislature Party (CLP) between 1983 and 1985 in the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] when [[N. T. Rama Rao]]'s newly launched [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) formed the government for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghanpur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/ghanpur-andhra-pradesh-assembly-constituency |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

==Career==
===Early career===
Goka Ramaswamy started his political career as a student leader while he was pursuing his Civil Engineering degree from [[Osmania University]] in the early 1950's. He was elected as Councilor in the [[Jangaon Municipality]] at the age of 24 in the year 1957 and went on to serve until 1967. He also served as ZP Vice Chairman of [[Warangal district|Warangal District]] in the late 1960's and early 1970's. He played an imported role in [[Indian National Congress|Congress (Indira)]] when Congress Party was divided into many factions and was a prominent member of [[Indira Gandhi]]'s core group. He was also the General Secretary of [[All India Congress Committee|All India Congress Committee(I)]] in 1977 and led the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party (Indira)]] to victory in the [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].

=== Minister and Member of the Legislative Assembly(MLA) ===
Ramaswamy was first elected as an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Ghanpur Station Assembly constituency|Ghanpur (Station) Assembly constituency]] in 1978 and was made [[Minister (government)|Minister for Food and Civil Supplies]] in [[Marri Chenna Reddy]]'s cabinet.
Ramaswamy resigned from the Council of Ministers in 1979 due to differences with [[Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]] [[Marri Chenna Reddy]], which created a political crisis in the state government due to which Chenna Reddy had to resign as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and subsequently [[T. Anjaiah]] was made the Chief Minister. Ramaswamy served as [[Minister (government)|Minister for Transport, Fisheries and Horticulture Development]] in [[T. Anjaiah|T. Anjaiah's]] cabinet from 1980 to 1982. He was re-elected to [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Ghanpur Station Assembly constituency|Ghanpur(Station)]] in 1983 and was among the few leaders from congress to be elected during the [[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]] wave. He was made the Deputy Leader of Opposition from the Congress Legislature Party (CLP) in the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] during [[N. T. Rama Rao]]'s first tenure as the Chief Minister.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Andhra Pradesh Part 3 |url=https://dokumen.tips/documents/andhra-pradesh-part-3.html?page=1 |journal=Appendix COUNCIL OF MINISTERS |pages=226–231}}</ref> Ramaswamy mentored many young leaders from Warangal District who went on to become Ministers later.

==Personal life==
Ramaswamy's older brother [[Goka Ramalingam]] was an Indian Politician belonging to the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] and a three-time [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA)]] from 1952 to 1967 representing [[Bhongir Assembly constituency|Bhongir constituency]] in the [[Hyderabad Legislative Assembly]] and [[Jangaon Assembly constituency|Jangaon constituency]] in the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. Ramaswamy died at his residence in Hyderabad, in the early hours of 21 March 2005 at the age of 72.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1978–1983]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1983–1985]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Osmania University alumni]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Warangal]]
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]

2024–25 CFL Premier Division

2026-04-18T09:18:56Z

SabinaGuffey: creating the article initial version...

{{Short description|126th edition of CFL Premier Division}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox football league season
| image =
| competition = [[Calcutta Football League|CFL Premier Division]]
| season = [[2024–25 in Indian football|2024]]
| dates = 25 June 2024 – 18 February 2025
| winners = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=East Bengal set to be champions after DHFC no show|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/e-ast-bengal-set-to-be-cfl-champions-after-dhfc-no-show/articleshow/118222553.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=East Bengal crowned Calcutta Football League 2024-25 champions|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-calcutta-football-league-2024-25-champion-latest-news-updates/article70074839.ece|website=[[Sportstar]]|language=en}}</ref> (40th title)
| relegated = [[Eastern Railway FC|Eastern Railway]] [[Tollygunge Agragami]]
| matches = 186
| matches footnote =
| total goals = 539
| total goals footnote =
| best player =
| league topscorer = [[Jesin TK]] (13 goals)
| best goalkeeper =
| biggest home win = [[Mohun Bagan SG]] 8–1 [[Railway]] 25 August 2024
| biggest away win = [[Army Red]] 0–6 [[Aryan FC|Aryan]] 27 June 2024
| highest scoring = [[Mohun Bagan SG]] 8–1 [[Railway]] 25 August 2024
| longest wins = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] (10 matches)
| longest unbeaten = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] (17 matches)
| longest winless = [[Kolkata Police|Police AC]] (11 matches)
| longest losses =
| highest attendance = 26,000 [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] vs [[Mohun Bagan SG]] (13 July 2024)
| lowest attendance =
| attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[2023 CFL Premier Division|2023]]
| nextseason = [[2025 CFL Premier Division|2025]]
}}

The '''2024–25 CFL Premier Division''' was the 126th overall season of the [[Calcutta Football League]] – highest [[Indian State Leagues|state-level]] [[association football|football]] division of [[West Bengal]]. The 2024-25 edition had 26 teams divided into two groups of 12 in the first phase, with top 6 qualifying for the championship round and bottom 6 heading into the relegation round.<ref name=cfl2024>{{cite web|date=14 June 2024|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/east-bengal-and-mohun-bagan-in-same-cfl-group/articleshow/110980743.cms|title=EB and Bagan in same CFL group|work=The Times of India|accessdate=14 June 2024}}</ref>

==Changes from last season==
{{Down}} '''Relegated to 2024 CFL First Division'''
*[[West Bengal Police FC]]
* [[Calcutta FC]]
* [[Food Corporation of India FC|FCI]]
* [[Dalhousie AC]]
----
{{Up}} '''Promoted to 2024–25 CFL Premier Division'''
*[[Suruchi Sangha]]
*Kalighat Sports Lovers Association
*Measurers Club
*Calcutta Police Club

==Format==
The 2024-25 CFL Premier Division, like the [[2023 CFL Premier Division]], will have twenty-six teams divided into two groups in the first phase, where each team will play twelve matches in a [[Round-robin tournament|round robin format]]. After that, the top three teams from the two groups shall proceed to the championship round, where each team shall play five more matches to determine the champion. The bottom three teams from both groups will play the relegation round.

==Rule changes==
From 2024 to 25 season IFA introduced Son of Soil (ভূমিপুত্র) rule, where each team must field at least 4 [[West Bengal]] born footballers in the playing XI at all time.<ref>{{cite web|date=4 April 2024|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/sports/football/cfl-to-have-four-homegrown-players-at-least-says-ifa/|title=কলকাতা লিগে চারজন ভূমিপুত্র খেলানো বাধ্যতামূলক, নিয়ম আনল IFA|trans-title=Four Homegrown Players Mandatory in Calcutta League, Rule imposed by IFA|language=bn|work=Sangbad Pratidin|accessdate=13 June 2024}}</ref><ref name=cfl2024/><ref name=cfl2024two>{{cite web|date=15 June 2024|url=https://www.mykhel.com/football/cfl-2024-all-you-need-to-know-about-calcutta-football-league-new-season-groups-format-venue-287677.html|title=CFL 2024: All You Need to Know About Calcutta Football League's New Season - Groups, Format, Venue, Schedule|work=MyKhel|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>

==Venues==
* Amal Datta Krirangan, [[Dum Dum]]
* [[Bankimanjali Stadium]], [[Naihati]]
* Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay Stadium, [[Barrackpore]]
* [[Bidhannagar]] Municipal Sports Complex
* [[East Bengal Ground|East Bengal/Aryan Ground]], [[Kolkata]]
* Eastern Ground, [[Chinsurah]]
* [[Kalyani Stadium]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
* [[Kishore Bharati Krirangan]], [[Kolkata]]
* [[Mohammedan Sporting Ground|Mohammedan/Howrah Union Ground]], [[Kolkata]]
* [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Mohun Bagan/Calcutta FC Ground]], [[Kolkata]]
* Netaji Sports Complex, [[Kamalgazi]]
* [[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]], [[Kolkata]]
* Uluberia Stadium, [[Howrah]]
* [[Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]], [[Kolkata]]

==Teams==
{{Location map+
|West Bengal
|float=right
|width=340
|caption=Locations of CFL teams
|places=
{{Location map~ |West Bengal |lat=22.5041666667|long=88.2291666667|label= <div style="font-size:85%;">{{nobreak|[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]}}</div>|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |West Bengal |lat=22.975 |long=88.4486111111|label_size=90 |label=[[United SC|United]] |position=top}}

{{Location map~ |West Bengal |lat=22.5833333333|long=88.3347222222|label_size=90 |label=[[BSS Sporting Club|BSS]] |position=top}}

{{Location map~ |West Bengal |lat=22.5594444444|long=88.3436111111|label_size=90 |label=[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] |position=right}}

{{Location map~ |West Bengal |lat=22.9355555556|long=88.4516666667|label_size=90 |label=[[Eastern Railway FC|Eastern Railway]] |position=right}}
}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left; font-size:90%"
|-
!colspan=3| Group A
!colspan=3| Group B
|-
!scope="col" | Team
!scope="col" | Head coach
!scope="col" | Captain
!scope="col" | Team
!scope="col" | Head coach
!scope="col" | Captain
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Sudhir Mishra
|{{flagicon|IND}} Renzong Lepcha
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} Shahid Raman
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jiten Murmu]]
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Aryan FC|Aryan]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Rajdeep Nandy
|{{flagicon|IND}} Sandip Patra
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Biswajit Bhattacharya]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amit Chakraborty]]
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[BSS Sporting Club|BSS]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Souren Dutta
|{{flagicon|IND}} Subhankar Das
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |Calcutta Police Club
|scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} Bijoy Ghosh
|{{flagicon|IND}} Koushik Goala
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Kibu Vicuna]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Raju Gaikwad]]
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bino George]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Aditya Patra
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat MS]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Patham Thapa
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Koushik Sarkar]]
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Eastern Railway FC|Eastern Railway]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Subhagato Roy
|{{flagicon|IND}} Antoni Soren
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Kidderpore SC|Kidderpore]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Sayantan Das Roy
|{{flagicon|IND}} Prosenjit Chakroborty
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[George Telegraph SC|George Telegraph]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Goutam Ghosh
|{{flagicon|IND}} Sourish Lodh Chowdhury
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |Measurers Club
|{{flagicon|IND}} Rajib Dey
|{{flagicon|IND}} Chattu Mondal
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |Kalighat Sports Lovers Association
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jahar Das]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Bishal Chhetri
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|{{flagicon|GHA}} Hakim Ssengendo
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Samad Ali Mallick]]
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Deggie Cardozo
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Suhail Bhat]]
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Pathachakra Club|Pathachakra]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalkamal Bhowmick]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Subhajit Mandi
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Peerless SC|Peerless]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Hemanta Dora]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Donlad Diengdoh
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Southern Samity]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Dipankar Biswas
|{{flagicon|IND}} Rajesh Rajbhar
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Kolkata Police|Police AC]]
|{{flagicon |IND}} Rajesh Rajbhar
|{{flagicon|IND}} Deep Dey
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[New Alipore Suruchi Sangha|Suruchi Sangha]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Ranjan Bhattacharya
|{{flagicon|IND}} Amit Tudu
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |Railway
|{{flagicon|IND}} Amit Tudu
|{{flagicon|IND}} Sudipta Banerjee
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[United SC|United]]
|{{flagicon|BEL}} Steven Herbots
|{{flagicon|IND}} Tarak Hembram
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Rainbow AC|Rainbow]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Aditya Chatterjee
|{{flagicon|IND}} Sourav Dasgupta
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Wari AC|Wari]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Swapan Biswas
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kamran Farooque]]
!scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Arindam Deb
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Avinabo Bag]]
|}

==First stage==
===Group A===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|show_matches=no
|section= Group A
|source= [https://theawayend.co/calcutta-premier-division/ The Away End]


|team_order = DHB, SUS, MDS, KDP, USC, BSS, SSA, PTC, ARY, MEA, WAR, KMS, ARM


|update=complete
|win_ARM= 2 |draw_ARM= 4 |loss_ARM= 6 |gf_ARM= 12 |ga_ARM= 28 |name_ARM=[[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]]
|win_ARY= 3 |draw_ARY= 3 |loss_ARY= 6 |gf_ARY= 15 |ga_ARY= 15 |name_ARY=[[Aryan FC|Aryan]]
|win_BSS= 3 |draw_BSS= 6 |loss_BSS= 3 |gf_BSS= 11 |ga_BSS= 16 |name_BSS=[[BSS Sporting Club|BSS]]
|win_DHB= 10 |draw_DHB= 2 |loss_DHB= 0 |gf_DHB= 32 |ga_DHB= 7 |name_DHB=[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]
|win_KMS= 2 |draw_KMS= 5 |loss_KMS= 5 |gf_KMS= 6 |ga_KMS= 12 |name_KMS=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat MS]]
|win_KDP= 5 |draw_KDP= 4 |loss_KDP= 3 |gf_KDP= 16 |ga_KDP= 15 |name_KDP=[[Kidderpore SC|Kidderpore]]
|win_MEA= 3 |draw_MEA= 3 |loss_MEA= 6 |gf_MEA= 14 |ga_MEA= 23 |name_MEA=Measurers Club
|win_MDS= 5 |draw_MDS= 4 |loss_MDS= 3 |gf_MDS= 24 |ga_MDS= 14 |name_MDS=[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|win_PTC= 4 |draw_PTC= 2 |loss_PTC= 6 |gf_PTC= 14 |ga_PTC= 16 |name_PTC=[[Pathachakra Club|Pathachakra]]
|win_SSA= 4 |draw_SSA= 2 |loss_SSA= 6 |gf_SSA= 16 |ga_SSA= 15 |name_SSA=[[Southern Samity]]
|win_SUS= 7 |draw_SUS= 3 |loss_SUS= 2 |gf_SUS= 19 |ga_SUS= 9 |name_SUS=[[New Alipore Suruchi Sangha|Suruchi Sangha]]
|win_USC= 5 |draw_USC= 3 |loss_USC= 4 |gf_USC= 15 |ga_USC= 10 |name_USC=[[United SC]]
|win_WAR= 3 |draw_WAR= 3 |loss_WAR= 6 |gf_WAR= 15 |ga_WAR= 29 |name_WAR=[[Wari AC|Wari]]


|show_limit=5
|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) goal difference; 5) number of goals scored; 6) drawing of lots

|res_col_header=Q
|result1=SS |result2=SS |result3=SS |result10= |result11=RL |result12=RL |result13=RL |col_SS=green1 |text_SS=Qualified for the [[#Super Six|Super Six]] round |col_RL=red1 |text_RL=Relegation round
}}</onlyinclude>

===Group B===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|show_matches=no
|section= Group B
|source= [https://theawayend.co/calcutta-premier-division/ The Away End]


|team_order = EAB, BHA, CCM, PSC, KSL, CPC, MBG, GTF, ARB, RLW, ERL, PAC, TAG


|update=complete
|win_BHA= 10 |draw_BHA= 1 |loss_BHA= 1 |gf_BHA=35 |ga_BHA= 4
|win_CCM= 7 |draw_CCM= 3 |loss_CCM= 2 |gf_CCM=22 |ga_CCM= 13
|win_CPC= 5 |draw_CPC= 3 |loss_CPC=4 |gf_CPC= 13 |ga_CPC= 12
|win_EAB= 11|draw_EAB= 1 |loss_EAB= 0 |gf_EAB=35 |ga_EAB= 4
|win_MBG= 4 |draw_MBG= 4 |loss_MBG= 4 |gf_MBG= 28 |ga_MBG= 15
|win_ERL= 2 |draw_ERL= 2 |loss_ERL= 8 |gf_ERL= 5 |ga_ERL= 28
|win_GTF= 5 |draw_GTF= 0 |loss_GTF= 7 |gf_GTF= 12 |ga_GTF= 20
|win_KSL= 6 |draw_KSL= 1 |loss_KSL= 5 |gf_KSL= 21 |ga_KSL= 17
|win_PSC= 6 |draw_PSC= 1 |loss_PSC= 5 |gf_PSC= 20 |ga_PSC= 14
|win_PAC= 1 |draw_PAC= 4 |loss_PAC= 7 |gf_PAC= 8 |ga_PAC= 25
|win_RLW= 3 |draw_RLW= 1 |loss_RLW= 8 |gf_RLW= 11 |ga_RLW= 29
|win_ARB= 2 |draw_ARB= 7 |loss_ARB= 3 |gf_ARB= 15 |ga_ARB= 17
|win_TAG= 1 |draw_TAG= 2 |loss_TAG= 9 |gf_TAG= 13 |ga_TAG= 40


|name_BHA=[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|name_CCM=[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|name_CPC=Calcutta Police
|name_EAB=[[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal]]
|name_ERL=[[Eastern Railway F.C.|Eastern Railway]]
|name_GTF=[[George Telegraph SC|George Telegraph]]
|name_KSL=Kalighat SLA
|name_MBG=[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant Reserves and Academy|Mohun Bagan SG]]
|name_PSC=[[Peerless SC|Peerless]]
|name_PAC=[[Kolkata Police|Police AC]]
|name_RLW=Railway FC
|name_ARB=[[Rainbow AC|ASOS Rainbow]]
|name_TAG=[[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]


|show_limit=5
|class_rules=1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) goal difference; 5) number of goals scored; 6) drawing of lots

|res_col_header=Q
|result1=SS |result2=SS |result3=SS |result10= |result11=RL |result12=RL |result13=RL |col_SS=green1 |text_SS=Qualified for the [[#Super Six|Super Six]] round |col_RL=red1 |text_RL=Relegation round
}}</onlyinclude>

==Super Six==
The top three teams from both groups qualified for the Super Six round with the points from the group stage being carried over.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2024 |title=Calcutta Football League 2024 Points Table, Top Goalscorers, Result, Schedule |url=https://www.mykhel.com/football/calcutta-football-league-2024-points-table-top-goalscorers-result-schedule-as-of-august-17-301839.html |website=MyKhel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 7, 2024 |title=Unbeaten EB top group, make Super 6 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/east-bengal-fc-tops-group-b-advances-to-cfl-super-six/articleshow/113139505.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

===Qualified teams===
The six qualified teams for the Super Six phase from both the groups:

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left; font-size:"
|-
! Group A !! Group B
|-
| [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]|| [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|-
| [[New Alipore Suruchi Sangha|Suruchi Sangha]] || [[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|-
| [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] || [[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|-
|}

===Standings===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|section = Super Six
|update = complete
|show_limit = 6
|source = [https://theawayend.co/calcutta-premier-division/ The Away End]


|team1 = EAB
|team2 = DHB
|team3 = BHA
|team4 = CCM
|team5 = SUS
|team6 = MDS


|name_EAB = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]][[Indian Super League|ISL]]
|name_BHA = [[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|name_DHB = [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]][[I-League 2|IL2]]
|name_CCM = [[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|name_SUS = [[New Alipore Suruchi Sangha|Suruchi Sangha]]
|name_MDS = [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]][[Indian Super League|ISL]]



|win_EAB= 15 |draw_EAB= 2 |loss_EAB= 0 |gf_EAB= 52 |ga_EAB= 7 |status_EAB = C 
|win_BHA= 11 |draw_BHA= 3 |loss_BHA= 3 |gf_BHA= 38 |ga_BHA= 13 
|win_DHB= 12 |draw_DHB= 3 |loss_DHB= 2 |gf_DHB= 39 |ga_DHB= 14 |status_DHB = 
|win_CCM= 8 |draw_CCM= 5 |loss_CCM= 4 |gf_CCM= 32 |ga_CCM= 25 
|win_SUS= 8 |draw_SUS= 4 |loss_SUS= 5 |gf_SUS= 23 |ga_SUS= 22 |status_SUS = 
|win_MDS= 7 |draw_MDS= 5 |loss_MDS= 5 |gf_MDS= 33 |ga_MDS= 20 |status_MDS = 




|class_rules=1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored; 4) head-to-head points; 5) head-to-head goal difference; 6) fair play ranking; 7) drawing of lots

|res_col_header=Q
|result1=C
|col_C = gold | text_C = '''Champions'''
}}
{{notelist}}</onlyinclude>

===Fixtures===
{{#invoke:sports results|main|source= [https://theawayend.co/calcutta-premier-division/ The Away End]
|update= complete
|matches_style=FBR
|team_header=Team 1 \ Team 2


|team1 = EAB
|team2 = DHB
|team3 = BHA
|team4 = CCM
|team5 = SUS
|team6 = MDS

|name_EAB = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]

|name_BHA = [[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|name_DHB = [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]
|name_CCM = [[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|name_SUS = [[New Alipore Suruchi Sangha|Suruchi Sangha]]
|name_MDS = [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]


|match_EAB_DHB=3–0{{efn|name=DHB|[[Walkover]]}}
|match_EAB_BHA=3–0{{efn|name=BHA|[[Walkover]] since [[Bhawanipore FC]] confirmed that they shall not field team.}}
|match_EAB_CCM=4–1
|match_EAB_SUS=5–0
|match_EAB_MDS=2–2


|match_DHB_BHA=1–1
|match_DHB_CCM=4–0
|match_DHB_SUS=2–0
|match_DHB_MDS=0–3{{efn|name=MDS|[[Walkover]]}}
|match_DHB_EAB=null


|match_BHA_CCM=2–2
|match_BHA_SUS=4–1
|match_BHA_MDS=0–2
|match_BHA_DHB=null
|match_BHA_EAB=null


|match_CCM_SUS=1–1
|match_CCM_MDS=2–1
|match_CCM_EAB=null
|match_CCM_DHB=null
|match_CCM_BHA=null


|match_SUS_MDS=2–1
|match_SUS_EAB=null
|match_SUS_DHB=null
|match_SUS_BHA=null
|match_SUS_CCM=null


|match_MDS_EAB=null
|match_MDS_DHB=null
|match_MDS_BHA=null
|match_MDS_CCM=null
|match_MDS_SUS=null
}}

{{footballbox collapsible
|id=MDSvsBHA
|date=12 September 2024
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=Super 6|score=2–0|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=37424
|team1=[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|goals1=Lalngaihsaka {{goal|73}} Israfil {{goal|90+5}}
|team2=[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|goals2=
|stadium=Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay Stadium
|location=[[Barrackpore]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|motm=
|result=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvsCCM
|date=12 September 2024
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=Super 6
|score=4–1|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=37499
|team1=[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]|goals1=Shyamal {{goal|45}} Vishnu {{goal|45+2||51}} Adil {{goal|73}}
|team2=[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]|goals2=[[Robi Hansda|Robi]] {{goal|25}}
|stadium=[[East Bengal Ground]]
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|motm=
|result=
}}
{{footballbox collapsible|id=SUSvsDHB|date=14 September 2024|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]|round=Super 6|score=0–2|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=37526|team1=[[New Alipore Suruchi Sangha|Suruchi Sangha]]|goals1=|team2=[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]|goals2=R. Paswan {{goal|19||23}}|stadium=[[Bankimanjali Stadium]]|location=[[Naihati]]|attendance=|referee=|motm=|result=}}
{{footballbox collapsible|id=MDSvsCCM|date=15 September 2024|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]|round=Super 6|score=1-2|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=37550|team1=[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]|goals1=Suraj {{goal|71}}|team2=[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]|goals2=[[Robi Hansda|Robi]] {{goal|30}} Ujjal {{goal|45}}|stadium=[[Bankimanjali Stadium]]|location=[[Naihati]]|attendance=|referee=Dipak Singha|motm=|result=}}
{{footballbox collapsible|id=EABvsSUS|date=17 September 2024|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]|round=Super 6|score=5–0|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=37636|team1=[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]|goals1=Aman {{goal|9||41}} Vishnu {{goal|17}} Jesin {{goal|26}} Roshal {{goal|73}}|team2=[[New Alipore Suruchi Sangha|Suruchi Sangha]]|goals2=|stadium=[[East Bengal Ground]]|location=[[Kolkata]]|attendance=|referee=|motm=|result=}}
{{footballbox collapsible|id=BHAvsDHB|date=18 September 2024|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]|round=Super 6|score=1–1|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=37637|team1=[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]|goals1=Naro Hari {{goal|68|pen.}}|team2=[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]|goals2=Jiten {{goal|72|pen.}}|stadium=Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay Stadium|location=[[Barrackpore]]|attendance=|referee=|motm=|result=}}
{{footballbox collapsible|id=MDSvsEAB|date=20 September 2024|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]|round=Super 6|score=2–2|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=37789|team1=[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]|goals1=*Bamiya {{goal|21}}
*Robinson {{goal|51}}|team2=[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]|goals2=*[[Jesin TK]] {{goal|40||77}}|stadium=[[Bankimanjali Stadium]]|location=[[Naihati]]|attendance=2.000|referee=Dipu Roy|motm=|result=}}{{footballbox collapsible|id=SUSvsBHA|date=21 September 2024|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]|round=Super 6|score=1–4|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=37857|team1=[[New Alipore Suruchi Sangha|Suruchi Sangha]]|goals1=*Jaideep {{goal|88}}|team2=[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]|goals2=*Jojo {{goal|29||34}}
*Junain {{goal|48}}
*Sougata {{goal|71}}|stadium=Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay Stadium|location=[[Barrackpore]]|attendance=|referee=|motm=|result=}}
{{footballbox collapsible|id=DHBvsCCM|date=22 September 2024|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]|round=Super 6|score=4–0|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=37864|team1=[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]|goals1=*[[Rahul Paswan|Rahul]] {{goal|45+3}}
*[[Jobby Justin|Jobby]] {{goal|90+1}}
*[[Girik Khosla|Girik]] {{goal|90+3}}
*[[Naro Hari Shrestha|Naro Hari]] {{goal|90+6}}|team2=[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]|goals2=|stadium=[[Bankimanjali Stadium]]|location=[[Naihati]]|attendance=|referee=|motm=|result=}}
{{footballbox collapsible|id=SUSvsMDS|date=24 September 2024|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]|round=Super 6|score=2–1|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=37898|team1=[[New Alipore Suruchi Sangha|Suruchi Sangha]]|goals1=*Abusufian {{goal|75}}
*Sanjoy {{goal|85}}|team2=[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]|goals2=*Lalngaihsaka {{goal|39}}|stadium=Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay Stadium|location=[[Barrackpore]]|attendance=|referee=|motm=|result=}}
{{footballbox collapsible|id=CCMvsBHA|date=26 September 2024|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]|round=Super 6|score=2–2|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=37957|team1=[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]|goals1=|team2=[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]|goals2=|stadium=Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay Stadium|location=[[Barrackpore]]|attendance=|referee=|motm=|result=}}
{{footballbox collapsible|id=SUSvsCCM|date=30 September 2024|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]|round=Super 6|score=1–1|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=38119|team1=[[New Alipore Suruchi Sangha|Suruchi Sangha]]|goals1=*Jaideep {{goal|20}}|team2=[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]|goals2=*Samrat {{goal|35}}|stadium=Uluberia Ground
|location=[[Uluberia]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|motm=
|result=}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=BHAvsEAB
|date=–
|time=15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] |round=Super 6
|score= 3–0{{efn|name=BHA}}
|report=
|team1=[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1=
|team2=[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|goals2=
|stadium=[[East Bengal Ground]]
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|motm=
|result=}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=EABvsDHB
|date=13 February 2025
|time=14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=Super 6
|score=3–0{{efn|name=DHB}}
|report=https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=45786
|team1=[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1=
|team2=[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Kishore Bharati Krirangan]]
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|motm=
|result=}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=DHBvsMDS
|date=18 February 2025
|time=14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=Super 6
|score=0–3{{efn|name=MDS}}
|report=
|team1=[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]
|goals1=
|team2=[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Bankimanjali Stadium]]
|location=[[Naihati]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|motm=
|result=}}

==Relegation round==
The bottom teams from both groups qualified for the Relegation round with the points from the group stage being carried over.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2024 |title=Calcutta Football League 2024 Points Table, Top Goalscorers, Result, Schedule |url=https://www.mykhel.com/football/calcutta-football-league-2024-points-table-top-goalscorers-result-schedule-as-of-august-17-301839.html |website=MyKhel}}</ref> The bottom 3 teams in the relegation round will be relegated to [[Calcutta Football League#Structure|First Division]].

===Qualified teams===
The six teams for the Relegation phase from both the groups are:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left; font-size:"
|-
! Group A !! Group B
|-
| [[Wari AC|Wari]] || [[Eastern Railway FC|Eastern Railway]]
|-
| [[Kalighat MS]] || [[Kolkata Police|Police AC]]
|-
| [[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]] || [[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]
|}

===Standings===

{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|section = Relegation Round
|update = complete
|show_limit = 6
|source = [https://theawayend.co/calcutta-premier-division/ The Away End]


|team3 = WAR
|team2 = KMS
|team1 = ARM
|team5 = ERL
|team4 = PAC
|team6 = TAG


|name_WAR = [[Wari AC|Wari]]
|name_KMS = [[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat MS]]
|name_ARM = [[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]]
|name_ERL = [[Eastern Railway FC|Eastern Railway]]
|name_TAG = [[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]
|name_PAC = [[Kolkata Police|Police AC]]



|win_WAR= 5 |draw_WAR= 3 |loss_WAR= 9 |gf_WAR= 25 |ga_WAR= 38
|win_KMS= 4 |draw_KMS= 7 |loss_KMS= 6 |gf_KMS= 15 |ga_KMS= 16
|win_ARM= 6 |draw_ARM= 5 |loss_ARM= 6 |gf_ARM= 20 |ga_ARM= 29
|win_ERL= 4 |draw_ERL= 2 |loss_ERL= 11 |gf_ERL= 13 |ga_ERL= 39
|win_TAG= 1 |draw_TAG= 2 |loss_TAG= 14 |gf_TAG= 13 |ga_TAG= 54
|win_PAC= 4 |draw_PAC= 5 |loss_PAC= 8 |gf_PAC= 15 |ga_PAC= 27




|class_rules=1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored; 4) head-to-head points; 5) head-to-head goal difference; 6) fair play ranking; 7) drawing of lots

|res_col_header=Q
|result1= |result2= |result3= |result4= |result5= R|result6= R|result7=
|col_R = red1 | text_R = '''Relegated to [[Calcutta Football League#Structure|First Division]]'''

|status_TAG = R
|status_ERL = R
|status_PAC =
}}</onlyinclude>

===Fixtures===
{{#invoke:sports results|main
|source= [https://theawayend.co/calcutta-premier-division/ The Away End]
|update= complete
|matches_style=FBR
|team_header=Team 1 \ Team 2

|team1 = WAR
|team2 = KMS
|team3 = ARM
|team4 = ERL
|team5 = PAC
|team6 = TAG


|name_WAR = [[Wari AC|Wari]]
|name_KMS = [[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat MS]]
|name_ARM = [[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]]
|name_ERL = [[Eastern Railway FC|Eastern Railway]]
|name_TAG = [[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]
|name_PAC = [[Kolkata Police|Police AC]]


|match_WAR_KMS=1–4
|match_WAR_ARM=0–1
|match_WAR_ERL=5–1
|match_WAR_PAC=1–3
|match_WAR_TAG=3–0{{efn|name=TAG|[[Walkover]] since [[Tollygunge Agragami FC]] withdrew their team from Relegation Round.}}


|match_KMS_ARM=0–0
|match_KMS_ERL=2–3
|match_KMS_PAC=0–0
|match_KMS_TAG=3–0{{efn|name=TAG}}
|match_KMS_WAR=null


|match_ARM_ERL=3–1
|match_ARM_PAC=1–0
|match_ARM_TAG=3–0{{efn|name=TAG}}
|match_ARM_WAR=null
|match_ARM_KMS=null


|match_ERL_PAC=0–1
|match_ERL_TAG=3–0{{efn|name=TAG}}
|match_ERL_WAR=null
|match_ERL_KMS=null
|match_ERL_ARM=null


|match_PAC_TAG=3–0{{efn|name=TAG}}
|match_PAC_WAR=null
|match_PAC_ARM=null
|match_PAC_KMS=null
|match_PAC_ERL=null


|match_TAG_WAR=null
|match_TAG_ARM=null
|match_TAG_KMS=null
|match_TAG_ERL=null
|match_TAG_PAC=null
}}

==Season statistics==
===Top scorers===
{{Updated|September 3rd, 2024}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:"center"
!Rank
!Player
!Team
!Goals
|-
|rowspan="1" align="center" |1
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jesin TK]]
|align="left" |[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|rowspan="1" align="center" |13
|-
|rowspan="2" align="center" |2
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Jiten Murmu
|align="left" |[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|rowspan="1" align="center" |8
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jobby Justin]]
|align="left" |[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]
|rowspan="1" align="center" |8
|-
|rowspan="2" align="center" |4
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} David Lalchhuanawma
|align="left" |[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|rowspan="1" align="center" |7
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Suhail Bhat]]
|align="left" |[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]]
|rowspan="1" align="center" |7
|-
|rowspan="4" align="center" |6
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Jaideep Singh
|align="left" |[[New Alipore Suruchi Sangha|Suruchi Sangha]]
|rowspan="1" align="center" |6
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Rajon Barman
|align="left" |[[Rainbow AC|Rainbow]]
|rowspan="1" align="center" |6
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Robi Hansda]]
|align="left" |[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|rowspan="1" align="center" |6
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Sujal Munda
|align="left" |[[United SC|United]]
|rowspan="1" align="center" |6
|-
|rowspan="3" align="center" |10
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Israfil Dewan
|align="left" |[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]
|rowspan="1" align="center" |5
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Jojo Zaihmingthanga
|align="left" |[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|rowspan="1" align="center" |5
|-
|align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} Ngairangbam Rakesh Singh
|align="left" |[[Kidderpore SC|Kidderpore]]
|rowspan="1" align="center" |5
|}

==See also==
* [[2024–25 I-League 3]]
* [[2024–25 Indian State Leagues]]
* [[2024–25 in Indian football]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Calcutta Football League}}
{{2024–25 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2024-25 CFL Premier Division}}
[[Category:CFL Premier Division seasons]]
[[Category:2024–25 in Indian football leagues]]
[[Category:2024–25 in Indian football]]

Gujarat Giants (PKL)

2026-04-17T19:18:14Z

SabinaGuffey: started article - done

{{Short description|Professional kabaddi team in Gujarat, India}}
{{Other uses|Gujarat Giants (disambiguation){{!}}Gujarat Giants}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox sports team
| name = Gujarat Giants
| logo = Gujarat_Giants_PKL_logo.svg
| logo_size =
| full_name = Gujarat Giants
| short_name = GG
| sport = [[Kabaddi]]
| founded = {{Start date|2017}}
| first_season = [[2017 Pro Kabaddi League|2017]]
| last_season = [[2024 Pro Kabaddi League|2024]]
| league = [[Pro Kabaddi League]]
| conference =
| division =
| city = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| ballpark =
| stadium = [[EKA Arena|EKA Arena by TransStadia]]
| colors = {{color box|#FF0400}}{{color box|#FFDF00}}
| anthem = Garjega Gujarat
| owner = [[Adani Sportsline]]
| managing_director =
| coach = Jaivir Sharma
| manager =
| gm =
| captain = [[Mohammad Reza Shadloui]]
| championships =
| playoff_berths =
| uniforms = {{Football kit home and away
| pattern_b1 = _gfghome
| leftarm1 = FF0400
| body1 = FF0400
| rightarm1 = FF0400
| shorts1 = FFDF00
| socks1 = none
| title1 = ''Home''
| pattern_b2 = _gfgaway
| leftarm2 = FFDF00
| body2 = FFDF00
| rightarm2 = FFDF00
| shorts2 = FF0400
| socks2 = none
| title2 = ''Away''}}
| current = 2025 Pro Kabaddi League
| website = {{URL|gujaratgiants.com}}
}}

'''Gujarat Giants''', formerly '''Gujarat Fortune Giants''', is a professional Kabaddi team based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, competing in the [[Pro Kabaddi League]]. Owned by the sports arm of the Adani Group, [[Adani Sportsline]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2024-01-10 |title=Parteek Dahiya Says Adani Sportsline Owned Gujarat Giants Have Only PKL Title in Mind |url=https://thesportzplanet.com/parteek-dahiya-says-adani-sportsline-owned-gujarat-giants-have-only-pkl-title-in-mind/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=The Sportz Planet |language=en-US}}</ref> Gujarat Giants joined the league in 2017. The team, currently led by Iranian all-rounder [[Mohammad Reza Shadloui]] and coached by Jaivir Sharma and Varinder Singh, plays home matches at The Arena by TransStadia.<ref>{{cite web | title=About Gujarat Giants | url=https://www.gujaratgiants.com/about-us }}</ref> They made it to the finals in their first two seasons, in [[2017 Pro Kabaddi League|2017]] and [[2018–19 Pro Kabaddi League|2018]], finishing as runners-up both times. Despite a strong come-back, they were eliminated in the playoffs of [[2023–24 Pro Kabaddi League|PKL Season X]] by [[Haryana Steelers]] in the Eliminator.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web | title=Pro Kabaddi 2024 points table and standings | url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/standings }}</ref>

==Team identity==
===Logo and mascot===
The Gujarat Giants' logo depicts a muscular [[giant]] in a red ''[[dhoti]]'' with a ''[[tilak]]'' on his forehead. This represents the team's values of [[Power (physics)|power]], [[Physical strength|strength]], and [[energy]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Gujarat Giants Pro Kabaddi | Home of the PKL team | url=https://www.gujaratgiants.com/pro-kabaddi }}</ref>

===Anthem===
The current anthem, ''Garjega Gujarat'', was sung by Daler Mehandi and Gujarati folk singer Aditya Gadhvi.<ref>{{cite web | title=GarjegaGujarat: Official Anthem video for the Pro Kabaddi League Season 10 | date=2 December 2023 | url=https://www.gujaratgiants.com/pro-kabaddi/videos/garjegagujarat-official-anthem-video-for-the-pro-kabaddi-league-season-10 }}</ref>

==Team history==
===2017===
Gujarat Giants entered the Pro Kabaddi League in the 2017 season under the name Gujarat Fortune Giants. In the fifth season of the league, the Giants were the first team to qualify with a record of 15 wins in 22 games. They swiftly made their way to the finals of the tournament. However, despite their strong performance, they faced defeat at the hands of Patna Pirates, losing 38-55 in the final. Notable players in their lineup included Fazel Atrachali, a key defender, and Abozar Mighani, their most expensive overseas pick in the auction. Additionally, the team bolstered its roster by adding Sukesh Hegde, further strengthening their lineup.<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto1">{{cite web | title=Pro Kabaddi 2025 schedule, fixtures, results - get live scores | url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/schedule-fixtures-results }}</ref>

During their inaugural season, individual performances also stood out for the Giants. Sachin emerged as their top raider, making 132 successful raids in 32 games. Meanwhile, Abozar Mighani led the team in successful tackles with 63 in 24 games. Fazel Atrachali achieved the most High 5s for the Giants, securing four in 24 matches. Sachin's notable performance in Qualifier 1, where he earned 9 points against Bengal Warriors, played a key role in Gujarat Giants reaching the final.<ref>{{cite web | title=Pro Kabaddi Player Successful Tackles | Records for Pro Kabaddi League Teams and Players | url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/stats/8-23-player-successful-tackles-statistics }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Pro Kabaddi High 5s | Records for Pro Kabaddi League Teams and Players | url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/stats/8-101-high-5s-statistics }}</ref>

'''Gujarat Giants Season 5 squad'''<ref>{{cite web | title=Gujarat team players for Pro Kabaddi 2017, Season 5 | date=23 May 2017 | url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/kabaddi/gujarat-team-players-for-pro-kabaddi-2017-season-5 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Position
|-
| Fazel Atrachali || Defender
|-
| Abozar Mighani || Defender
|-
| Sukesh Hegde || Raider
|-
| Seong Ryeol Kim || All-rounder
|-
| Mahipal Narwal || All-rounder
|-
| Mahendra Ganesh Rajput || Raider
|-
| C Kalai Arasan || Defender
|-
| Rohit Gulia || All-rounder
|-
| Vikas Kale || Defender
|-
| Manoj Kumar || Defender
|-
| Amit Rathi || Raider
|-
| Sachin || Raider
|-
| Parvesh Bhainswal|| Defender
|-
| Sunil Kumar || Defender
|-
| Sultan Dange || Raider
|-
| Pawan Kumar Sehrawat || Raider
|-
| Rakesh Narwal || Raider
|-
| Chandran Ranjit || Raider
|-
|}

===2018===
In season 6, Gujarat Giants made Sunil Kumar<ref name="auto">{{cite web | title=PKL 2018: Sunil Kumar to lead Gujarat Fortunegiants squad in sixth season | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/sports/pkl-2018-sunil-kumar-to-lead-gujarat-fortunegiants-squad-in-sixth-season-118100101083_1.html }}</ref> their captain and decided not to retain Fazel Atrachali. Despite this change, they continued to excel, as they became the first team to qualify for the playoffs with 17 wins out of 22 matches. Once again, they advanced to the finals but faced defeat against Bengaluru in Mumbai. Their journey to the final saw them triumph over the Yoddhas in Qualifier 1.<ref name="auto2"/>

Sachin carried forward his form from season 5, emerging as the top raider for the Giants with 159 successful raids in 23 games.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/stats/%7B%7Bseriesid%7D%7D-%7B%7Bstatid%7D%7D-%7B%7Bstatname%7D%7D-statistics|title=Pro Kabaddi | Records for Pro Kabaddi League Teams and Players|website=Pro Kabaddi League}}</ref> He also amassed the most raid points for the team, totaling 190 points, and achieved the most Super 10s with 7.<ref name="auto4"/> Sachin's contributions earned him a total of 204 points, the highest among all Gujarat Giants players that season.<ref name="auto4"/>

On the defensive front, Parvesh Bhainswal had 82 successful tackles in 25 games<ref name="auto4"/> - the most by a Gujarat Giants player. Bhainswal also secured 5 High 5s during the season. His tally of 86 tackle points ranked him second-highest across the league.<ref name="auto4"/>

'''Gujarat Giants Season 6 squad'''<ref name="auto"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Position
|-
| Sunil Kumar || Defender
|-
| C. Kalai Arasan|| Defender
|-
| Amit Vikram Kandola || Defender
|-
| Parvesh Bhainswal || Defender
|-
| Sachin Vittala || Defender
|-
| Amit Jaivir Sharma || Defender
|-
| Dharmender || Raider
|-
| Yashwant Bishnoi || Raider
|-
| Shubham Ashok Palkar || Raider
|-
| Ajay Kumar || Raider
|-
| K. Prapanjan || Raider
|-
| Dong Geon Lee || Raider
|-
| Lalit Chaudhary || Raider
|-
| Mahendra Ganesh Rajput|| Raider
|-
| Sachin|| Raider
|-
| Rohit Gulia || All-rounder
|-
| Hadi Oshtorak || All-rounder
|-
| Anil || All-rounder
|-
|}

===2019===
In the seventh season of the Pro Kabaddi League, Gujarat Giants led by Sunil Kumar finished in 9th place.<ref name="auto2"/> Out of the 22 games they played, they managed to secure victory in 7 matches. Their last game of the season saw them defeat the Telugu Titans with a scoreline of 48-38. Despite starting the tournament strong with three consecutive wins, they faced a setback by losing six games in a row thereafter. This inconsistency led to them missing out on the playoffs for the first time since their entry into the PKL.<ref name="auto1"/>

Rohit Gulia emerged as the top raider for the Gujarat Giants, accumulating 132 raid points across 22 games.<ref name="auto4"/> He also notched up the most Super 10s for the team,<ref name="auto4"/> achieving this feat four times during the season. Meanwhile, Sunil Kumar secured six super tackles in 18 games, highlighting his contribution to the team's defensive strategy.<ref name="auto4"/>

'''Gujarat Giants Season 7 squad'''<ref>{{cite web | title=Gujarat Giants 2024 - Find player details of Gujarat Giants on Dream11 | url=https://www.dream11.com/games/kabaddi-teams/gujarat-fortunegiants }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Position
|-
| Sachin Tanwar || Raider
|-
| Sunil Kumar|| Defender
|-
| Lalit Chaudhary || Raider
|-
| Rohit Gulia || All-rounder
|-
| Parvesh Bhainswal || Defender
|-
| Ruturaj Koravi || Defender
|-
| Vinod Kumar || All-rounder
|-
| Abolfazl Maghsoudloumahali || Raider
|-
| Gurvinder Singh || Raider
|-
| Sonu Gahlawat|| Defender
|-
| GB More || Raider
|-
| Sonu || Raider
|-
| Abhishek || Raider
|-
| Pankaj || All-Rounder
|-
| Amit|| Defender
|-
| Mohammad Shazid Hossain || All-rounder
|-
|}

===2021-22===
The 8th season of the Pro Kabaddi League faced a delay due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], eventually starting in December 2021. For Gujarat Giants it was a season of redemption after their absence from the playoffs in 2019. They made a strong comeback, winning 10 out of 22 games to secure a playoff spot. However, their journey in the playoffs was cut short after defeat by Bengaluru Bulls in the Eliminator 2.<ref name="auto1"/>

Despite missing key players like Rohit Gulia and Sachin Tanwar, the Giants managed to maintain a competitive edge by retaining Parvesh Bhainswal and Sunil Kumar from the previous season. Bhainswal emerged as a standout performer, leading the team in tackle points with 56 in 23 games and recording the most super ackles (10).<ref name="auto4"/> Additionally, Girish Maruti Ernak, brought in during the auction ahead of the season, showcased his defense, securing the most high 5s for the Giants, totaling 4 throughout the season.<ref name="auto4"/>

'''Gujarat Giants Season 8 squad'''<ref>{{cite web | title=Gujarat Giants Season 8 squad overview | date=18 October 2021 | url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/news/gujarat-giants-season-8-squad-review }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Position
|-
| Harmanjit Singh || Raider
|-
| Sonu|| Raider
|-
| Sonu Singh || Raider
|-
| Rathan K || Raider
|-
| Maninder Singh || Raider
|-
| Harshit Yadav || Raider
|-
| Pardeep Kumar || Raider
|-
| Ajay Kumar || Raider
|-
| Gaurav Chhikara || Raider
|-
| Rakesh || Raider
|-
| Sohit || Raider
|-
| Mahendra Rajput || Raider
|-
| Soleiman Pahlevani || Defender
|-
| Parvesh Bhainswal || Defender
|-
| Ankit || Defender
|-
| Sunil Kumar || Defender
|-
| Sumit || Defender
|-
| Girish Ernak || Defender
|-
| Ravinder Pahal || Defender
|-
| Hadi Oshtorak || All-rounder
|-
|}

===2022-23===
Ahead of the 9th season of the Pro Kabaddi League, Gujarat Giants made strategic moves by replacing Manpreet Singh with Ram Mehar Singh as their coach. Ram Mehar Singh had earlier guided the Patna to victory in season 5, and brought valuable experience to the team. Additionally, Ram Mehar Singh's recognition as an Arjuna recipient for his gold-medal-winning performances at the [[Asian Games]] added further credibility to his coaching skills.<ref>{{cite web | title=Top Coaches of Pro Kabaddi Season 10 | date=4 April 2024 | url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/features/top-coaches-of-pro-kabaddi-season-10 }}</ref> Chandran Ranjit was entrusted with the captaincy.

The Giants commenced their season with a draw against the Thalaivas. During the Bengaluru leg, they secured 3 wins but also faced 3 losses. However, their campaign hit a snag when captain Chandran sustained an injury, resulting in Dong Geon Lee stepping in as the stand-in captain. Despite this setback, the team persevered, albeit facing a challenging final leg where they suffered 4 consecutive losses. However, they finished the season on a positive note, clinching 4 wins and a draw in their last 5 matches. Ultimately, they secured the 8th position in the points table with 9 wins out of 22 games.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web | title=Gujarat Giants Season 9 review | date=30 March 2023 | url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/features/gujarat-missed-out-on-putting-up-a-gigantic-show-in-season-9 }}</ref>

Parteek Dahiya emerged as the top scorer for the Giants, amassing an impressive total of 183 points. Rakesh contributed significantly with 131 points before his injury sidelined him. Despite his injury, Chandran Ranjit managed to rack up 95 raid points. Notably, the Giants had the best raid percentage (44.92%) in the tournament. On the defensive front, Rinku Narwal had 38 tackle points.<ref name="auto3"/>

'''Gujarat Giants Season 9 squad'''<ref>{{cite web | title=Gujarat Giants full squad for Pro Kabaddi League Season 9 | date=30 September 2022 | url=https://www.espn.in/kabaddi/story/_/id/34693192/gujarat-giants-full-squad-pro-kabaddi-league-season-9-pkl-dong-geon-lee-chandran-ranjit }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Position
|-
| Dong Geon Lee || Raider
|-
| Chandran Ranjit|| Raider
|-
| Pardeep Kumar || Raider
|-
| Rakesh || Raider
|-
| Mahendra Ganesh Rajput || Raider
|-
| Purna Singh || Raider
|-
| Sawin || Raider
|-
| Sonu || Raider
|-
| Gaurav Chhikara || Raider
|-
| Parteek Dahiya || Raider
|-
| Sohit || Raider
|-
| Sonu Singh || Raider
|-
| Rinku Narwal || Defender
|-
| Sandeep Kandola || Defender
|-
| Young Chang Ko || Defender
|-
| Baldev Singh || Defender
|-
| Ujjval Singh || Defender
|-
| Sourav Gulia || Defender
|-
| Manuj Vinod Kumar || Defender
|-
| Shankar Bhimraj|| All-rounder
|-
| Arkam Shaikh|| All-rounder
|-
| Gadai Rohan Singh|| All-rounder
|-
|}

===2023-24===
The Gujarat Giants approached the season with a mix of retained and a number of high-profile picks at the auction. Having retained core players like Manuj, Sonu Jaglan, Rakesh Sungroya, Rohan Singh, and Parteek Dahiya, they bolstered the squad by acquiring defender Fazel Atrachali, a former Giant himself, for a significant amount of 1.80 [[crore]]. They re-signed players like Arkam Shaikh and Rohit Gulia, along with adding new talents such as Mohammad Esmaeil Nabibakhsh, Sombir, Deepak Singh, Balaji D., Vikas Jaglan, and Sourav Gulia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/features/gujarat-giants-season-10-squad-review|title=Gujarat Giants Season 10 squad overview|date=14 November 2023|website=Pro Kabaddi League}}</ref>

The Giants started their season on a promising note, securing three consecutive victories. However, they encountered a rough patch with three consecutive losses. They staged a comeback by winning their next three matches. Despite facing intermittent setbacks, including two losses in subsequent three games, they maintained focus towards the end of the season. Performance in the latter stages helped them reach the playoffs.<ref name="auto1"/>

In terms of individual performances, Fazel Atrachali made history by becoming the first defender in the league to surpass 450 tackle points. Sombir contributed significantly to the team's defensive efforts, registering 52 tackle points, including eight super tackles and four high 5s. Meanwhile, Deepak Singh had 43 tackle points in 14 games, highlighting his impact despite limited appearances.<ref>{{cite web | title=Fazel Atrachali leads the best defenders for Gujarat Giants in PKL Season X | date=5 April 2024 | url=https://www.gujaratgiants.com/pro-kabaddi/news/fazel-atrachali-leads-the-best-defenders-for-gujarat-giants-in-pkl-season-x }}</ref>

On the raiding front, Parteek Dahiya delivered a standout performance by setting a new record for the most raid points in a single game, amassing a total of 22 points against the Warriors.<ref>{{cite web | title=Parteek Dahiya, Sonu, among the top raiders for Gujarat Giants in Pro Kabaddi League Season X | date=5 April 2024 | url=https://www.gujaratgiants.com/pro-kabaddi/news/parteek-dahiya-sonu-among-the-top-raiders-for-gujarat-giants-in-pro-kabaddi-league-season-x }}</ref> Throughout the season, he accumulated 130 raid points in 20 games, featuring nine super raids and six super 10s, while Sonu and Rakesh Sungroya also made notable contributions.

==Current squad==
Squad for [[2025 Pro Kabaddi League]].
{| class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col2left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Gujarat Giants squad<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gujaratgiants.com/pro-kabaddi/squad|title=Gujarat Giants kabaddi team 2024 | PKL players and full squad|website=Gujarat Giants}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| No.
! style="text-align:center;"| Name
! style="text-align:center;"| Nationality
! style="text-align:center;"| Position
|-
| 8||[[Mohammad Reza Shadloui|Md Reza Shadloui]] (c) || {{flagicon|IRAN}} [[Iran national kabaddi team|Iran]] || All-Rounder
|-
| 10||Rakesh Sungroya || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || Raider
|-
| 11||Parteek Dahiya || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || Raider
|-
| 9||Himanshu Singh || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || Raider
|-
| 55||V. Ajith Kumar || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || Raider
|-
| ||Ankit Dahiya || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || Raider
|-
| ||Harish Kamatchi || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || Raider
|-
| ||Himanshu Jaglan || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || Right Raider
|-
| ||Shridhar Kadam || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || Right Raider
|-
| || Nitin Panwar || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || All-Rounder
|-
| ||Himanshu Yadav|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || All-Rounder
|-
| ||Vishwanath ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || All-Rounder
|-
| ||Sumit || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || Defender
|-
| ||Amit Surender || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || Defender
|-
| ||Lucky Sharma || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || Defender - Right Corner
|-
| ||Rohit Nandal || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || Defender - Left Cover
|-
| ||Shubham Kumar || {{flagicon|IND}} [[India national kabaddi team|India]] || Defender - Left Cover
|-
| ||Milad Jabbari || {{flagicon|IRAN}} [[Iran national kabaddi team|Iran]]||Defender - Right Cover
|}

==Seasons==
===Season V===
{{main|2017 Pro Kabaddi League season}}
{{2017_Pro_Kabaddi_League_season_points_table}}

===Season VI===
{{main article|2018_Pro_Kabaddi_League_season}}
{{2018_Pro_Kabaddi_League_season_points_table}}

===Season VII===
{{main|2019 Pro Kabaddi League season}}
{{2019_Pro_Kabaddi_League_season_points_table}}

===Season VIII===
{{main|2021–22 Pro Kabaddi League}}
{{2021-22 Pro Kabaddi League season points table}}

===Season IX===
{{main|2022 Pro Kabaddi League season}}
{{2022 Pro Kabaddi League season points table}}

===Season X===
{{main|2023-24 Pro Kabaddi League}}
{{2023-24 Pro Kabaddi League season points table}}

==Records==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%" align="center" width:"80%"
|-
! Seasons
! Total
! Wins
! Tied
! Losses
! Position
|- to win tie los per pos
| [[2017 Pro Kabaddi League season|Season 5]] || 24 || 16 || 3 || 5 || 1
|-
| [[2018–19 Pro Kabaddi League season|Season 6]] || 25 || 18 || 2 || 5 || 1
|-
| [[2019 Pro Kabaddi League season|Season 7]] || 22 || 7 || 2 || 13 || 8
|-
| [[2021–22 Pro Kabaddi League season|Season 8]] ||22 || 10 || 8 || 4 || 4
|-
| [[2022 Pro Kabaddi League season|Season 9]] ||22 || 9 || 2 || 11 || 8
|-
| [[2023–24 Pro Kabaddi League|Season 10]]|| 22|| 13|| 0|| 9|| 4
|}

===By opposition===
:''Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%" align="center" width:"80%"
|-
! style="background:#04a; color:#fff;"|Opposition
! style="background:#04a; color:#fff;"|Played
! style="background:#04a; color:#fff;"|Won
! style="background:#04a; color:#fff;"|Lost
! style="background:#04a; color:#fff;"|Drawn
! style="background:#04a; color:#fff;"|% Win
|-

| [[Bengal Warriors]] || 13 || 7 || 4 || 2 || 53.8%
|-
| [[Bengaluru Bulls]] || 15 || 8 || 5 || 2 || 53.3%
|-
| [[Dabang Delhi]] || 15 || 6 || 6 || 3 || 40.0%
|-
| [[Haryana Steelers]] || 17 || 4 || 12 || 1 || 23.5%
|-
| [[Jaipur Pink Panthers]] || 16 || 6 || 8 || 2 || 37.5%
|-
| [[Patna Pirates]] || 15 || 6 || 8 || 1 || 40.0%
|-
| [[Puneri Paltan]] || 16 || 8 || 7 || 1 || 50.0%
|-
| [[Tamil Thalaivas]] || 12 || 6 || 5 || 1 || 50.0%
|-
| [[Telugu Titans]] || 12 || 10 || 2 || 0 || 83.3%
|-
| [[U Mumba]] || 16 || 10 || 5 || 1 || 62.5%
|-
| [[UP Yoddhas]] || 13 || 7 || 4 || 2 || 53.8%
|-
! Total || 160 || 78 || 66 || 16 || 48.7%
|}

==Sponsors==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%" align="center" width:"80%"
|+
!Year
!Season
!Kit manufacturer
!Main sponsor
!Back sponsor
!Sleeve sponsor
|-
|2017
|[[2017 Pro Kabaddi League season|V]]
|rowspan="8"|Shiv-Naresh
|[[Adani Group|Adani]]
|Simpolo
|Fogg
|-
|2018
|[[2018 Pro Kabaddi League season|VI]]
|Fru2go
|[[Philkeram Johnson|Johnson Tiles]]
|rowspan="6"|[[Adani Group|Adani]]
|-
|2019
|[[2019 Pro Kabaddi League|VII]]
|[[Finolex Group|Finolex]]
|[[Adani Wilmar|Fortune]]
|-
|2021
|[[2021-22 Pro Kabaddi League season|VIII]]
|WinZO
|Astral
|-
|2022
|[[2022 Pro Kabaddi League season|IX]]
|[[1xBet|1xBat]]
|[[Ambuja Cements]]
|-
|2023
|[[2023-24 Pro Kabaddi League|X]]
|rowspan="3"|[[ACC (company)|ACC]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Adani Wilmar|Fortune]]
|-
|2024
|[[2024 Pro Kabaddi League|XI]]
|-
|2025
|[[2025 Pro Kabaddi League|XII]]
|InCred
|}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*{{URL|https://www.gujaratgiants.com/}}

{{Pro Kabaddi League}}

[[Category:Pro Kabaddi League teams]]
[[Category:Sport in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams in Gujarat]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Kabaddi clubs and teams established in 2014]]
[[Category:Adani Group]]

Denduluru Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:04:21Z

SabinaGuffey: started post

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Denduluru
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (64-Denduluru highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Denduluru Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[Chintamaneni Prabhakar]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Eluru Lok Sabha constituency|Eluru]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 220,274
| established = 1955
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 64
}}

'''Denduluru Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Eluru district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref name="electors">{{cite web |title=Electors Summary |url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh |access-date=24 May 2019 |date=25 May 2019}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Eluru Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |website=The Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=dead |pages=20, 30 |date=17 December 2018}}</ref>

[[Chintamaneni Prabhakar]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Assembly Election 2019 |url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> As of 2019, there are a total of 220,274 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors" />{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 1955, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1955)''.

== Mandals ==

The mandals that form the assembly constituency are:<ref name="constituencies" />

{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Denduluru mandal|Denduluru]]
|-
| [[Pedavegi mandal, Andhra Pradesh|Pedavegi]]
|-
| [[Pedapadu mandal|Pedapadu]]
|-
| [[Eluru mandal|Eluru]] (part)
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]
| Dr Mulpuri Rangayya
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan=3 |Motaparthi Ramamohana Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Neelam Charles
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| rowspan=2 |Garapati Sambasiva Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| Maganti Ravindranadha Chowdary
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 1991 by-election
| Maganti Vara Lakshmi
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| rowspan=2 |Garapati Sambasiva Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| [[Maganti Venkateswara Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| rowspan=2|[[Chintamaneni Prabhakar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| [[Kotaru Abbaya Chowdary]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Chintamaneni Prabhakar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

==Election results==

=== 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Denduluru}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Maganti Venkateswara Rao]]|votes=67,833|percentage=54.39|change=+9.17}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Garapati Sambasiva Rao|votes=54,522|percentage=43.71|change=-9.23}}
{{Election box majority||votes=13,311|percentage=10.68|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=124,727|percentage=81.86|change=+6.98}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing = no
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Denduluru}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Chintamaneni Prabhakar ]]|votes=69,673|percentage=45.27|change=+1.56}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Kotharu Ramachandra Rao|votes=55,442|percentage=36.02|change=-18.37}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=Ashok Goud Chalamolu|votes=24,269|percentage=15.78|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=14,235|percentage=9.25|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=153,922|percentage=86.04|change=+4.18}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Denduluru}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Chintamaneni Prabhakar ]]|votes=92,204|percentage=53.68|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=[[Karumuri Venkata Nageswara Rao]]|votes=74463|percentage=43.35|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=17,746|percentage=10.33|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=171,791|percentage=86.82|change=+0.78}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Denduluru}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate= [[Kotaru Abbaya Chowdary]]|votes=95,000|percentage=51.42|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Chintamaneni Prabhakar]]|votes=78,683|percentage=42.08|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=16,131|percentage=9.00|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,86,989|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Denduluru}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Chintamaneni Prabhakar]]
|votes = 107287
|percentage = 55.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Kotaru Abbaya Chowdary]]
|votes = 81,021
|percentage = 41.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Alapati Narasimha Murthy
|votes = 1607
|percentage = 0.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = None Of The Above
|votes = 1920
|percentage = 0.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =26,266
|percentage =13.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,94,666
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Coord|16.76|81.17|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1955]]
[[Category:Eluru district]]

1000 Waala

2026-04-07T02:07:18Z

SabinaGuffey: creating a details w/ refs

{{short description|Indian Telugu-language drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = 1000 Waala poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Afzal Shaik
| writer =
| producer = Sharukh
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Amith Dream Star
*Sharukh Baig
*Navitha Gangat
}}
| cinematography = Chandu Aj
| editing = Ravi Teja
| music = VamsiKanth Rekhana
| studio = Super Hit Movie Makers
| distributor = SKML Motion Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|3|14}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}'''''1000 Waala''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama film]] directed by Afzal. The film stars Amith Dream Star, Sharukh Baig and Navitha Gangat in the lead roles, alongside Mukhtar Khan, Pilla Prasad and [[Suman (actor)|Suman]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}} The film was produced by Sharukh Baig under the banner of Super Hit Movie Makers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-25 |title=1000 వాలా టీజర్ విడుదల.. ఆసక్తి రేకెత్తిస్తున్న థ్రిల్లింగ్ ఎలిమెంట్స్‌ |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/amith-1000-waala-telugu-movie-official-teaser-release-slb-2511530.html |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=telugu.news18.com |language=te}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* Amith Dream Star
* Sharukh Baig
* Navitha Gangat
* Mukhtar Khan
* Pilla Prasad
* [[Suman (actor)|Suman]]

== Production ==
The film was directed by Afzal. Cinematography was by Chandu A J,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=2025-02-06 |title=1000 Wala: విడుదలకు సిద్ధమవుతున్న 1000 వాలా |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/cinema-news/1000-wala-movie-getting-ready-for-release-752436.html |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN}}</ref> while editing was handled by Ravi Teja. VamsiKanth Rekhana composed the soundtrack of the film.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

== Reception ==
''[[Zee News|Zee News Telugu]]'' critic stated that "The village scenes in the movie are good."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-14 |title=1000 Wala Review: 1000 వాలా మూవీ రివ్యూ.. ఎలా ఉందంటే..! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/no-rev/1000-wala-movie-review-rating-public-talk-full-details-ta-210481 |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=Zee News Telugu |language=te}}</ref> Sunil Boddula of ''[[News18|News18 Telugu]]'' wrote that "Overall, '1000 Wala' is a film that will appeal not only to the mass but also to the family audience. It is a must-see in theaters this weekend."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-14 |title=1000 Waala Review: 1000 వాలా మూవీ రివ్యూ.. సినిమా ఎలా ఉందంటే..! |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/1000-wala-review-mass-family-emotions-captivate-slb-2738612.html |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=telugu.news18.com |language=te}}</ref>

[[Sakshi (newspaper)|''Sakshi'']] critic reviewed the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1000 వాలా మూవీ రివ్యూ.. ఎలా ఉందంటే? {{!}} Tollywood Movie 1000 Waala Telugu Movie Review In Telugu {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/tollywood-movie-1000-waala-telugu-movie-review-telugu-2394524 |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt36071714}}

[[Category:2025 drama films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]

Madan Lal Puri

2026-04-05T15:47:36Z

SabinaGuffey: Creating New Info.

{{Short description|Indian-American Statistician}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Madan Lal Puri
| image = [[File:Madan Puri, 1974.jpg|frameless]]
| image_size =
| caption = Madan Puri in 1974
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1929|2|20}}
| birth_place = Sialkot, India (now Pakistan)
| workplaces = Indiana University
| alma_mater = Punjab University, University of Colorado, University of California
| known_for = Work in statistics
}}

'''Madan Lal Puri''' (born February 20, 1929) is a [[Statistics|statistician]] from India who built his career in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madan Lal Puri |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100355281 |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=Oxford Reference |language=en }}</ref> He was born on February 20, 1929 in [[Sialkot]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Madan Lal Puri - Biography |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Puri/ |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=Maths History |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madan Lal Puri |url=https://www.bookofproofs.org/history/madan-lal-puri/# |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=www.bookofproofs.org}}</ref> and is known for his work in [[mathematics]] which has had profound effects on the way statistics is understood and applied.<ref name=":0" /> He has won many honours and awards, including the Bicentennial Medal<ref name=":7" /> from [[Indiana University Bloomington|Indiana University, Bloomington]].

== Biography ==
Puri was born in Sialkot in the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]],<ref name=":0" /> which was a part of India but now is a part of [[Pakistan]] after the [[British Parliament]] passed the [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian Independence Act]] in 1947.<ref>''Indian Independence Act 1947,'' Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/10-11/30/enacted (Accessed: 30 June 2022)</ref> Due to this his family, including his parents Ganesh Das and S W Puri, fled as refugees to [[Delhi]].<ref name=":0" />

Before the act, Puri was studying in [[Punjab University, Lahore|Punjab University]] which got split into two separate universities;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-11 |title=Chandigarh's Sector 14: A long way from Lahore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh-s-sector-14-a-long-way-from-lahore/story-GlDKZtA8v0YgKj5vxwxxqM.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Punjab University and Partition-II {{!}} Political Economy {{!}} thenews.com.pk |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/567010-punjab-university-partition-ii |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref> Puri continued his studies in one of the new universities: the [[Panjab University|Panjab University in Chandigarh]].<ref name=":0" /> He was awarded a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]] degree in 1948 and got his [[master's degree]] from the same university in 1950. In January 1951, he was appointed as lecturer of mathematics at the university and taught at several different colleges until August 1957.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Madan Lal Puri Collection |url=https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/21643 |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=scholarworks.iu.edu}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482269772 |title=Asymptotics, Nonparametrics, and Time Series |date=1999-02-18 |publisher=CRC Press |doi=10.1201/9781482269772 |isbn=978-0-429-17534-3 |editor-last=Ghosh |editor-first=Subir}}</ref>

In September 1957, Puri moved the United States as he got appointed as an instructor and graduate student at the [[University of Colorado Boulder|University of Colorado, Boulder]]. In 1958 he moved to the [[University of California, Berkeley]], where he became a research assistant in statistics. His studies were supervised by [[Erich Leo Lehmann|Erich Lehmann]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Erich Lehmann - The Mathematics Genealogy Project |url=https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=12693 |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu}}</ref> and he was awarded his [[Doctor of Philosophy|doctorate]] in 1962 after submitting a thesis titled ''Asymptotic Efficiency of a Class of c-Sample Tests''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Puri |first=Madan Lal |date=1964 |title=Asymptotic Efficiency of a Class of c-Sample Tests |journal=The Annals of Mathematical Statistics |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=102–121 |doi=10.1214/aoms/1177703733 |jstor=2238021 |issn=0003-4851|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madan Lal Puri {{!}} Department of Statistics |url=https://statistics.berkeley.edu/people/madan-lal-puri |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=statistics.berkeley.edu}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Madan Puri |url=https://math.indiana.edu/about/emeriti/puri-madan.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=Department of Mathematics |language=en}}</ref> After this, he was appointed as an assistant professor and later associate professor at the [[Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences]] in [[New York City|New York]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Puri |first1=Madan Lal |last2=Sen |first2=Pranab Kumar |date=October 1967 |title=On Robust Estimation in Incomplete Block Designs |url=https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aoms/1177698715 |journal=The Annals of Mathematical Statistics |language=en |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=1587–1591 |doi=10.1214/aoms/1177698715 |issn=0003-4851|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> He gained full professorship at Indiana University, Bloomington.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />

== Accomplishments ==
On February 20, 2003, Puri was honoured with the title of College of Arts and Sciences Distinguished Research Scholar.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=IU creates new title of College of Arts and Sciences Distinguished Research Scholar for Madan Puri: IU News Room: Indiana University |url=https://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/1372.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=newsinfo.iu.edu}}</ref> [[Kumble R. Subbaswamy|Kumble Subbaswamy]], dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Indiana University, Bloomington,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Curriculum Vitae of Chancellor Subbaswamy |url=https://www.umass.edu/chancellor/sites/default/files/cv.pdf |access-date=30 June 2022 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> said "...it was my great pleasure to honour Madan Lal Puri as College of Arts and Sciences Distinguished Research Scholar. This rare designation is reserved for those who have become world leaders in a field while on the College faculty, and whose collected works are published because of their archival value."<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" />

Puri was elected as a member of the [[International Statistical Institute]], a fellow of the [[Institute of Mathematical Statistics]], a fellow of the [[American Statistical Association]], and a fellow of the [[Royal Statistical Society]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Additionally, he was an elected member of the [[New York Academy of Sciences]], and an honorary fellow of the [[International Indian Statistical Society]].<ref name=":1" />

In 1975, the Punjab University in India awarded him a [[Doctor of Science|D.Sc]]. In 1974 and 1983, he received the Senior U.S. Scientist Award from the [[Alexander von Humboldt Foundation]], and in 1974 he was honoured by the [[Germany|German]] government.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> He also has been honoured by universities in Australia, New Zealand, Europe, and the Middle East. In 1991, he was a Distinguished Visitor at the London School of Economics and Political Science.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" />

He has many books published in his honour, including ''Research Developments in Probability and Statistics: Festschrift in Honor of Madan L. Puri on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday,'' which has articles written by fifty-two different authors.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Citation |last1=Lenain |first1=Jean-FranÇois |title=Asymptotic Behavior of the Kernel Density Estimators for Nonstationary Dependent Random Variables with Binned Data |date=September 2011 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814366571_0020 |work=Nonparametric Statistical Methods and Related Topics |pages=387–412 |publisher=WORLD SCIENTIFIC |access-date=2022-06-30 |last2=Harel |first2=Michel |last3=Puri |first3=Madan L.|doi=10.1142/9789814366571_0020 |isbn=978-981-4366-56-4 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

He was ranked as the fourth most prolific statistician in the world in a report by the [[Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council|Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada]]. Among statisticians in universities which do not have a separate department of statistics, he was ranked number one in the world in the same report.<ref name=":5" />

== Honors and awards ==
* 2019 Bicentennial Medal, Indiana University<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=New endowed chair named for esteemed mathematician Madan Lal Puri: Weinberg College - Northwestern University |url=https://weinberg.northwestern.edu/news-archive/2019/new-endowed-chair-named-for-esteemed-mathematician-madan-lal-puri.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=weinberg.northwestern.edu |language=en}}</ref>
* 2014 [[Wilks Memorial Award]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://imstat.org/2014/11/18/ims-members-receive-asa-awards/|title=IMS Members receive ASA awards|work=[[Institute of Mathematical Statistics]]|date=2014-11-18|access-date=2024-05-02}}</ref>
* 2008 [[Gottfried E. Noether Awards|Gottfried E. Noether Senior Scholar Award]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=ASA Awards at JSM |url=https://imstat.org/wp-content/uploads/Bulletin37_7.pdf|journal=IMS Bulletin|publisher=[[Institute of Mathematical Statistics]]|year=2008|volume=37|issue=7}}</ref>

== Books authored ==
* {{cite book | last1=Puri | first1=Madan L. | last2= Sen | first2= Pranab K.|authorlink2=Pranab K. Sen|title=Nonparametric Methods in General Linear Models | publisher=Wiley | publication-place=New York | year=1985 | isbn=978-0471702276}}
* {{cite book | last1=Puri | first1=Madan L. | last2= Sen | first2= Pranab K.|title=Nonparametric Methods in Multivariate Analysis | publisher=Wiley | publication-place=New York | year=1971 | isbn=978-0471702405}}
* {{cite book | last=Puri | first=Madan L. |title=Asymptotic Efficiency of a Class of C-Sample Tests | publisher=Forgotten Books | publication-place=London | year=2024 |type = reprint of the 1962 original| isbn=9781333542085}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book | editor1-last=Hall | editor1-first=Peter G. |editor-link1=Peter Gavin Hall | editor2-last=Hallin | editor2-first=Marc | editor3-last=Roussas | editor3-first=George G. |editor-link3=George Roussas | title=Madan Lal Puri, Selected Collected Works, Vol.s 1–3 | publisher=VSP | publication-place=Utrecht | year=2003 | isbn=90-6764-387-4}}

== References ==
<references />

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Puri, Madan Lal}}
[[Category:Indian statisticians]]
[[Category:Indiana University Bloomington faculty]]
[[Category:Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Sialkot]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:20th-century statisticians]]

Transport in Himachal Pradesh

2026-03-30T12:28:43Z

SabinaGuffey: Adding a entry more to come

{{short description|Status of transportation infrastructure in Himachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}

'''Transport in [[Himachal Pradesh]]''' consists primarily of a road network run by the state, though railways and airways serve very limited transport needs. The geography of Himachal presents a considerable challenge to the development of transport infrastructure, though it has the highest road density among all the [[Hill States of India]]. Himachal also has 3 airports, 2 narrow gauge rail tracks and other under-construction broad gauge railway tracks, but roads remain the main mode of transport.

==History and development==

[[Kinnaur]] was opened up in the early 1960s with the completion of the [[Hindustan-Tibet Road|NH-5 Hindustan-Tibet National highway]] from Ferozepur in Punjab to [[Shipki La]]. [[Lahaul]] was opened up in the late 1960s with the construction of roads over [[Rohtang pass]]. Lahaul is reachable via roads through high passes, such as [[Rohtang]] (3,967 m, 13,050 ft), [[Kunzum]] (4,600 m, 14,913 ft) and [[Baralacha]] (4,900 m, 16000 ft). The building an efficient transport system was the top most priority in the first ''Five year plan''. In January 1991, [[Himachal]] was linked up with the broad gauge system by extending the ''Delhi-Nangal'' rail line.

==Geography==

The geography of Himachal presents considerable difficulty to the development of transport infrastructure. The border districts, located near the borders of [[Tibet]] and Indian union territories of [[Ladakh]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], such as [[Kinnaur]], [[Lahaul]], [[Spiti]] and the ''[[Pangi, Himachal Pradesh|Pangi]]'' and ''Bharmour'' tehsils of [[Chamba district|Chamba]] districts are the major underdeveloped and underserved tribal areas of the state. Other underdeveloped areas include Shillai in [[Sirmaur district]], and deep cut-off valleys in the [[Kullu]] and upper stretches of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]] districts. [[Spiti]] is a cold desert and underdeveloped area. Due to poor accessibility, life in these areas had grown in isolation.

==Roads==
[[File:India-hp-bus above manali.jpg|thumb|210px| [[Himachal Road Transport Corporation]] bus outside of Manali.]]

The government-owned Himachal Road Transport Corporation runs a good all-weather network of buses inter & intra state including the remotest of the corners of the state. Himachal Pradesh being a major tourist destination, there is no shortage of private buses and taxis.<ref name="Hamirpur-rd">{{cite web
| url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020518/himachal.htm
| title = Hamirpur road density
| access-date = 2007-05-22
| publisher = Hari Jaisingh, Published from The Tribune House
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110408082605/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020518/himachal.htm |archive-date = 2011-04-08| url-status=live}}</ref> 

Most tourist spots in [[Himachal Pradesh]] such as [[Shimla]], [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]], [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]] etc. are well connected by roads. Some of the roads in Himachal are seasonal and get closed during winters and monsoons due to heavy snowfall, landslides and washouts.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:21360839~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html | title= India: Himachal Pradesh State Roads Project | publisher= [[World Bank]]| access-date=2007-06-12| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110612013935/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:21360839~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html | archive-date = 2011-06-12| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.huliq.com/23772/world-bank-to-support-road-network-improvements-in-himachal-pradesh-india | title = World Bank to Support Road Network Improvements in Himachal Pradesh, India | access-date=2007-06-12| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120206004702/http://www.huliq.com/23772/world-bank-to-support-road-network-improvements-in-himachal-pradesh-india | archive-date = 2012-02-06| url-status=live}}</ref>

* National Highways (NH) with total 1235 km length in Himachal are:
** [[National Highway 1A (India)|NH 1A]] touches Shahpur.
** [[NH 20]] passes through [[Pathankot]], Chakki, [[Nurpur, Himachal Pradesh|Nurpur]], [[Joginder Nagar]], [[Palampur]] and [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India|Mandi]].
** [[NH 21]] connects [[Chandigarh]] with [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] through [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]].
** [[NH 22]] connects [[Ambala]] with Kaurik through [[Kalka]], [[Shimla|Simla]] and [[Wangtoo]].
** [[NH 70]] passes through [[Mubarakpur, Azamghar|Mubarakpur]], [[Amb, India|Amb]], [[Nadaun]] and [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]].
** [[NH 21A]] begins at [[Pinjore]] in [[Haryana]], passes through [[Nalagarh]] and reaches Swarghat, where it connects with [[NH 21]].
** [[National Highway 88 (India)|NH 88]] connects [[Shimla|Simla]] with [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]] through [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]] and [[Nadaun]].
** [[NH 72]] begins at [[Ambala]] and passes through [[Amb, India|Amb]] and [[Paunta Sahib]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]] before terminating at [[Haridwar]] in [[Uttarakhand]].

* Tunnels: The state boasts some of the longest road tunnels in the country:
** [[Atal tunnel]]: 8.8 km long, year round link between [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] and [[Lahaul Valley]] which otherwise use to remain isolated during 8 month long winter period.
** Aut tunnel: 3 km long on [[NH-21]] in [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]].

* Other roads are:
** [[List of state highways in Himachal Pradesh]]
** [[List of major district roads in Himachal Pradesh]]

* Other roads & vehicle related infra is:
** [[List of RTO districts in India#HP—Himachal Pradesh|List of RTO districts in Himachal Pradesh]]

==Railway==
{{see also | Jammu railway division#Network | l1= Railway in Himachal, Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh | Future_of_rail_transport_in_India#Geostrategic_border_rail_lines | l2 = Geostrategic border rail lines of India | Uttarakhand_Transport_Corporation#Transport_in_Uttarakhand | l3= Transport in Uttarakhand }}
[[File:KSR Diesel Locomotive 148 at Kalka 05-02-12 12.jpeg|250px|thumb|KSR diesel locomotive 148 at Kalka.]]

* Narrow-gauge: [[Mountain railways of India]], listed west to east.

** [[Kalka-Shimla Railway]] [[World Heritage Sites|UNESCO Heritage]] listed track, 96 kilometers, passes through 102 tunnels and crosses 864 bridges.<ref>{{cite book| last = Hughes| first = Hugh| title = Indian Locomotives Narrow gauge, 1863-1940| year = 1994| isbn = 978-0-9521655-0-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.mapsofindia.com/transportation/special-trains/kalka-shimla-railway.html|title=MapsOfIndia article on Kalka-Shimla Railway|access-date=2007-03-13| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110726115104/http://india.mapsofindia.com/transportation/special-trains/kalka-shimla-railway.html | archive-date = 2011-07-26| url-status=live}}</ref>

** [[Kangra Valley Railway]], tentative UNESCO Heritage list, 164 km (101.9 mi), from [[Pathankot]] in [[Punjab (india)|Punjab]] to [[Jogindernagar]] in Himachal.

* Broad gauge, listed north to south.

** [[Jammu_railway_division#PLL|Pathankot-Leh line]], DPR was being prepared as of June 2025.<ref name=surf1>[https://kashmirdespatch.com/lg-sinha-lauds-indian-railways-for-connecting-kashmir-to-national-grid/ LG Sinha lauds Indian Railways for connecting Kashmir to national grid], Kashmir Despatch, 6 Jan 2025.</ref>

** [[Bhanupli–Leh line]] to Ladakh, 489 km, under-construction.<ref name=himr1/>

** Una–Hamirpur line: 54.1 km long project connecting [[Tourism_in_Himachal_Pradesh#Religious_tourism|Religious Devi Circuit]] such as [[Jwalamukhi temple, Himachal Pradesh|Maa Jwala Mukhi]] and [[Chintpurni|Maa Chintpurni]], and costing Rs. 5,821.47 crore (50-50 cost split between Himachal and Union governments) was approved in 2017-18 with DPR and FSL already complete and no target completion date as of March 2026.<ref name=himr1>[https://rtdchp.org/railways Railways in Himachal], rtdchp.org, accessed 30 Mar 2025.</ref>

** [[Nangal]]-[[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]]-Talwara line along Himachal-Punjab border, 90 km long, Nangal-Una-Daulatpur Chowk is complete but 23 km Daulatpur Chowk-Talwara section is under-construction<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/himachal-express-to-run-between-delhi-daulatpur-chowk/714431.html|title = The Tribune article on Himachal Express train | access-date=2019-01-16}}</ref> with revised target completion of December 2027 (April 2026 update). Una is connected to [[New Delhi]] by [[Jan Shatabdi Express]] and [[Himachal Express]].

** Chandigarh-Baddi line along Himachal-Haryana border, 33.2 km long from [[Chandi Mandir]] to [[Baddi]], costing ₹1,672.70 crore,<ref name=himr1/> had target completion date of 2027 (March 2026 update).

==Air==

The airports in Himachal Pradesh are:
# [[Shimla Airport]] near Shimla,
# [[Gaggal Airport]] near [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]]
# [[Bhuntar|Bhuntar Airport]] near Kullu.

All these airports have runways shorter than 5000 ft and therefore only allow the operation of smaller aircraft such as the [[De Havilland Canada Dash 8|Bombardier Dash 8]], 42 seater [[ATR 42|ATR]] & 70 seater [[ATR 72|ATR]].

==See also==
* [[India–China Border Roads]]
* [[Future_of_rail_transport_in_India#Geo|Strategic rail lines of India]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir State Road Transport Corporation|Transport in Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Transport in Haryana]]
* [[Transport in Ladakh]]
* [[Transport in Sikkim]]
* [[Transport in Uttarakhand]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
[[File:HRTC Bus.JPG|thumb|210px| [[Himachal Road Transport Corporation]] HRTC Bus at Shimla Bus Stand]]
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031104/himachal.htm#1 The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Himachal Pradesh]
* [http://www.shimla-travel.com/shimla_railway.shtml Shimla Travel Guide:: Kalka-Shimla Railway]
* [http://hill-stations-india.com/hill-trains-india/kalka-shimla-railway.html Kalka Shimla Trains, Kalka Shimla Railway, Hills Toy Train in India]
* [http://www.pearcedale.com/c&b/DL.html#indi Thirty inch lines D to L]
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031108/windows/main1.htm Article in The Tribune]

{{Economy HP}}
{{Transport in India}}

[[Category:Transport in Himachal Pradesh| ]]
[[Category:Economy of Himachal Pradesh]]

Oriental College, Patna City

2026-03-27T14:13:35Z

SabinaGuffey:

{{Distinguish|Oriental College, Lahore}}
{{Short description|Degree college in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}

{{Infobox college
| name = Oriental College
| native_name = ओरिएंटल महाविद्यालय
| native_name_lang = hi
| motto =
| image =
| caption =
| established = {{Start date and age|1964}}
| academic_affiliations = {{plainlist|
**[[Patliputra University]]
**[[Bihar School Examination Board]]}}
| enrollment = 4627
| free_label = Accreditation
| free = [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] Grade C
| principal = Syed Eqbal Afzai
| address = Gujari Bazar, Sadikpur
| city = [[Patna City]]
| state = [[Bihar]]
| postalcode = 800008
| campus = Urban 1.41 acres (5058.7Sq. Mts)
| coordinates =
| website = {{url|http://orientalcollege.in}}
}}

'''Oriental College''' is a minority degree college in [[Patna City]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]. It is affiliated with [[Patliputra University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Minority Colleges |url=https://ppup.ac.in/college-lists/3 |website=Patliputra University |date=2 July 2020 |access-date=14 September 2025}}</ref> College offers [[Senior secondary education]], [[Undergraduate degree]] in Arts, Science, Commerce and conducts some vocational courses.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=25 March 2020|title=Toppers from oriental college patna city|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/neha-kausar-and-sudhanshu-top-inter-exams/articleshow/74799735.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807030436/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/neha-kausar-and-sudhanshu-top-inter-exams/articleshow/74799735.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 August 2022|access-date=2 July 2020|website=timesofindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Oriental college Patna City details|url=https://www.careers360.com/colleges/oriental-college-patna/amp&ved=2ahUKEwjUg4P0uK7qAhVb4zgGHcBzAD4QFjASegQIBRAB&usg=AOvVaw32ptlbzqbAxrPdoBc9_rK1&ampcf=1|access-date=|website=career360.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=24 June 2019|title=NAAC IIQA report|url=https://assessmentonline.naac.gov.in/public/index.php/iiqa_report/eyJpdiI6IklmQzZWUnY5RkQxRmtPTXJMVllGWFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMnVJeXd5SytZQytsaCtUVWRPQ3pGQT09IiwibWFjIjoiMzc3M2ZiNWYxNTI3OThmNmYzMTY5MzljYWRhZTQwMTNkYWYxZTc1ZDlhNzg5OTg4MTkxNjU1ODY3ZGFiNWIwMiJ9|access-date=2 July 2020|website=naac.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=21 August 2019|title=NAAC SSR report|url=https://assessmentonline.naac.gov.in/public/index.php/ssr_report/eyJpdiI6InZyeFwvWm4zakpPblFBbzBYc1JLWXZ3PT0iLCJ2YWx1ZSI6IjVlV1ZMYU1qWW5yVHQzTU5CSEpZWnc9PSIsIm1hYyI6IjNhNmQwNGY2MDhlOGFjNjYwYjY4YzRiOTk0Zjk2NjhjZjE5MTI2OTM5MjQyNmZjZjAyODk4OTBkYTU2MzZmNDAifQ|access-date=2 July 2020|website=assessmentonline.naac.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=24 July 2019|title=NAAC peerteam report|url=https://assessmentonline.naac.gov.in/public/index.php/peerteam_report/eyJpdiI6IjVvNDU2dUlaR0RpSE9YTUlzWCtTUHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT25mVUxHczYrQlFEQXBKdXZWXC9HRXc9PSIsIm1hYyI6ImQyYzdjNDZlN2E4YWI3NmYxMGY5OWI0OGEwNWQyOWQzZGQ5ZjVmNzU1MWQ3NDVkMzE4MTZlMzk5ZmY2ODc4MWUifQ|access-date=2 July 2019|website=naac.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=24 July 2019|title=NAAC college assessment grade report|url=https://assessmentonline.naac.gov.in/public/index.php/grade_sheet_rpt/eyJpdiI6IjVvNDU2dUlaR0RpSE9YTUlzWCtTUHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT25mVUxHczYrQlFEQXBKdXZWXC9HRXc9PSIsIm1hYyI6ImQyYzdjNDZlN2E4YWI3NmYxMGY5OWI0OGEwNWQyOWQzZGQ5ZjVmNzU1MWQ3NDVkMzE4MTZlMzk5ZmY2ODc4MWUifQ==|access-date=2 July 2020|website=naac.gov.in}}</ref>

== History ==

The college was established on 21 April 1964 with a goal of providing higher education on par with standard. It is a parent body of the Mohammadan Education Committee, Patna, which was founded in 1882.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2 July 2020|title=Oriental college Patna City|url=http://orientalcollege.in/&ved=2ahUKEwjT4LTIpq7qAhUByzgGHYXUDfMQFjALegQIAxAB&usg=AOvVaw3DgnVaYuuAYt7gjzHW6q2Y&cshid=1593683805849|access-date=|website=orientalcollege.in}}</ref>

== Degrees and courses ==
College offers the following degrees and courses.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2 July 2020|title=Oriental college Courses|url=https://orientalcollege.in/Courses.aspx&ved=2ahUKEwjT4LTIpq7qAhUByzgGHYXUDfMQFjAPegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw3Uk9WCT5jRKLC4OgcmVScR&cshid=1593683805849|access-date=|website=orientalcollege.in}}</ref>

* Senior secondary
** [[Intermediate of Arts]]
** Intermediate of Commerce
** Intermediate of Science

The college is affiliated to [[Bihar School Examination Board]] for its Intermediate courses.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=19 June 2019|title=OFSS BSEB affiliated intermediate college list|url=https://ofssbihar.in/SAMS/ReportOnConsolidatedStreamStrength|access-date=|website=ofssbihar.in}}</ref>

* Bachelor's degree
** [[Bachelor of Arts]]
** [[Bachelor of Science]]
** [[Bachelor of Commerce]]

== Facilities for student ==
[[File:Physics department smartclass.jpg|thumb|Student of physics department in smart class]]
* Smart Class
* ICT Lab
* Web OPAC (www.ocpclib.org)<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Oriental college library|url=http://www.ocpclib.org|access-date=2 July 2020|website=www.ocpclib.org}}</ref>
* INFLIBNET
* Library Automated with Smart Class
* Boys / Girls Common Room
* Science Lab & Arts lab
* Rainwater Harvesting
* Gymnasium
* Indoor & Outdoor Games
* Cycle / Two Wheeler Parking
* Partially Automated and Computerized Office
* Two Smart Class
* NCC
* NSS
* Medical-Cum-Retiring Room

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Bihar}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Patna]]

Assamese Brahmin

2026-03-23T00:14:49Z

SabinaGuffey: expanded content

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Assamese Brahmins
| image = [[File:Illustration from the Daily Prayers of the Brahmins (1851) by Sophie Charlotte Belnos, digitally enhanced by rawpixel-com 21.jpg|250px|Illustration_from_the_Daily_Prayers_of_the_Brahmins_(1851)_by_Sophie_Charlotte_Belnos,_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_21]]
| caption = A Brahmin priest performing daily prayers
| languages = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| religions = [[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]]
| population =
| region1 =
| popplace = [[Assam]], [[India]]
| publisher =
| date =
| access-date =
| related = Other Brahmin groups: {{hlist|[[Bengali Brahmins]], [[Kanyakubja Brahmin]], [[Utkala Brahmin]], [[Maithil Brahmin]], [[Bahun]], [[Saraswat Brahmins]], [[Kulin Brahmins]]}}
}}
'''Assamese Brahmins''' are the [[Brahmin|Brahmin community]] present in the [[Assamese people|Assamese society]]. There they have historically promoted knowledge and religion, including branches such as literature, astronomy, and philosophy.<ref>{{harv|Dikshit|Dikshit|2013|p=397}}</ref> The Brahmins migrated to [[Assam]] from [[Mithila (region)|Videha (Mithila)]], [[Kannauj]], [[Bengal]] [[Kingdom of Gauda|(Gauda)]] and many other places.<ref>{{harv|Dikshit|Dikshit|2013|p=390}}</ref>

== History ==
The earliest historical evidence of settlement of Brahmins in Assam comes from various epigraphic sources of the [[Varman dynasty]] (350–650).<ref>"On the other hand, this story may reflect the historical process of the expansion of agrarian settlements of the brahmanas which has been recognized from the Bhauma-Varman dynasty." {{harvcol||Shin|2010|p=10}}</ref> In the late medieval period beginning with the early 16th century, a number of Brahmins from [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]], [[Benaras]], [[Kanauj]], [[Bengal]] and [[Puri]] (Srikshetra), were settled in western Assam by the [[Koch dynasty|Koch kings]] for performing Brahminical rites.<ref>{{harvp|Shin|2010|p=22}}: "It is suggested that under the Koch kings, patronage of brahmans began earlier and more vigorously than in the Ahom kingdom. Encouraged both by the Koch kings and the regional ''bhuiyan'' landlords, a number of brahmanas from Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Bengal migrated into western Assam in the sixteen century"</ref><ref>{{harv|Adhikary|2018|}}: Apart from this Maharaja Biswa Singha (Koch dynasty) invited a large number of Brahmins from Kanouj, Benaras and other learning places and provided them rent free lands to perform religious practice. He also appointed Ballabhacharya, the chief priest of Kamakhya Temple to Koch Kingdom."</ref><ref>{{harv|Sheikh|2012|p=251}}: "He ([[Biswa Singha]]) brought some learned Brahmanas from Mithila, Benaras, Kanauj, and Srikshetra (Puri) to his kingdom in order to perform the Brahminical rituals"</ref> During the reign of [[Nara Narayan]] (1554-1587) of the [[Koch dynasty]], two Brahmins named Siddhantavagisa and Vidyavagisa were brought from [[Gauda (city)|Gauda]] and Siddhantavagisa was responsible for the spread of Hinduism in the Koch kingdom<ref>{{harvcol|Sheikh|2012|p=251}}</ref> Even during the reign of Koch king Prannarayana (1633-1655), Brahmins were brought from Mithilia to serve in the Koch kingdom<ref>{{harvcol|Shin|2021|p=32}}</ref> and this process was later continued by the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom]] state especially under the [[Tungkhungia Ahom kings]] with [[Siva Singha]] donating 19 out of the 48 landgrants by the Ahom kings to Brahmins.<ref>{{harvp|Das|2014|p=158}}: "The practice of giving grants to gain religious merit can be seem in full blossom in Ahom times"</ref> The migration of Brahmins into Assam took place from Central [[Himalayas]] as well.<ref>{{harvcol|Witzel|1993|p=266}}</ref> Most of these migration took place due to the foreign invasions in [[North India]] and on the invitation by the local rulers.<ref>{{harvcol|Witzel|1993|p=266}}</ref> Traditionally these Brahmins held the highest positions in society.<ref>{{harv|Bose|1989}}</ref>

== Tradition and culture==
=== Lagundeoni/Upanayana ===
Traditionally, the ceremony of [[Lagundeoni]] – one of the [[Sanskaras|samskaras]] or rites of passage marking acceptance of a student by a [[guru]], is a quite prevalent ritual within the community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://online.assam.gov.in/documents/10156/bb449a06-3262-469c-be21-69b21d4df317|title=Assam State Gazetteer Vol. 1, page 317 – ''Government of Assam''|work=Mr. Amlan Baruah and S.B. Roy Choudhury|date=1999|access-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108110433/http://online.assam.gov.in/documents/10156/bb449a06-3262-469c-be21-69b21d4df317|archive-date=8 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Death rituals===
Brahmins of the [[Assam valley]] follow a different death ritual as opposed to the other indigenous communities in Assam. A religious rite, known as ''Caturthā'' is performed on the 4th day of a person's demise unlike ''Tiloni'', performed on the 3rd day of person's demise by non–Brahmin indigenous communities.<ref>{{harv|Sarma|1990|p=54}}</ref>

==Lifestyle==
Although in general Brahmins observe all the customary rituals, they appear usually less rigid<ref>{{harv|Bose|1989|p=44}}</ref> in some of their traditional lifestyle choices, such as they may eat meat, fish, unlike their counterparts in other parts of India like the North and the South.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam Government Withdraws Meat Sale Ban at Cultural Festival After Social Media Outcry |url=https://thewire.in/politics/assam-government-withdraws-meat-sale-ban-cultural-festival-social-media-outcry |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Saikia |first=Yasmin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfSmsuO6QugC |title=Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India |date=2004-11-09 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-8616-2 |pages=289 |language=en |quote=Assamese Brahmins are not vegetarians, but they are very judgmental about other peoples' food and eating habits. Brahmins else- where in India consider the Assamese Brahmins polluted and impure}}</ref>

== Present ==
The Brahmins constitute one of the [[Forward Class|Forward classes]] of Assam based on the classifications of [[Government of India]], although the recent trend on economic condition has not been very well within the community. Assam's former Chief Minister, [[Tarun Gogoi]] announced setting up of development councils for several communities in the state, including Brahmins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gogoi announces development councils for Brahmins, others |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/gogoi-announces-development-councils-for-brahmins-others-481282-2016-01-01 |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=India Today |date=January 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
!Name
!Portrait
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Anundoram Borooah]]
|[[File:Ananda Ram Baruah.jpg|thumb]]
|India's 1st Indian [[District Collector]], 6th [[Imperial Civil Service]] officer & 1st [[Graduate diploma|Graduate]] from [[Assam]]/[[Northeast India]].
|
|-
|[[Hem Barua]] (original name was Hem Chandra Sarma Barua)
|
|Former 3 times [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] from [[Assam]].
|
|-
|[[Lakshminath Bezbarua]]
|[[File:Laksminath Bezbaruah.jpg|thumb]]
|
|
|-
|[[Bijoy Chandra Bhagavati]]
|[[File:Bijoy Chandra Bhagavati portrait.gif|thumb]]
|[[Union Minister of State|Former Union Minister of State]] in [[Second Nehru ministry]]
|
|-
|[[Gopinath Bordoloi]]
|[[File:Gopinath Bordoloi.jpg|thumb]]
|[[List of chief ministers of Assam|1st Chief Minister of Assam]] & [[Prime Minister of Assam|2nd Prime Minister of Assam]]
|
|-
|[[Himanta Biswa Sarma]]
|[[File:Himanta Biswa Sarma (cropped).jpg|thumb]]
|[[Chief Minister of Assam]]
|
|-
|[[Jaimini Bhagwati]]
|[[File:Indian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom (8112105043).jpg|thumb]]
|[[High commissioner|Indiam High commissioner]] to [[United Kingdom]]
|
|-
|[[Phani Sarma]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bijoya Chakravarty]]
|[[File:Bijoya Chakravarty in August 2015.jpg|thumb]]
|Former [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Rajya Sabha]]
|
|-
|[[Zubeen Garg]]
|
|
|
|}

==See also==
*[[Kanyakubja Brahmin|Kanyakubja Brahmins]]
*[[Manipuri Brahmin]]s
*[[Assamese people]]
*[[Bengali Brahmins]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
===Published-sources===
* {{citation|last=Witzel|first=Michael|year=1993|title=Towards a History of the Brahmins|volume=113|issue=2|pages=264–268|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|publisher=American Oriental Society|doi=10.2307/603031 |jstor=603031 }}
* {{cite journal|last=Shin|first=Jae-Eun|year=2010|title=Yoni, Yoginīs and Mahāvidyās: Feminine Divinities from Early Medieval Kāmarūpa to Medieval Koch Behar, Studies in History|volume=26|issue=1|journal=Studies in History|pages=1–29|doi=10.1177/025764301002600101 |s2cid=155252564}}
*{{citation|last=Adhikary|first=Madhab.|title=Development of Saiva Cult in Koch Kingdom Under Maharaja Biswa Singha (1496-1540).|journal=Uttar Prasanga| volume=12|issue=3–4|year=2018|pages=25–31}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Das |first1=Sneha |year=2014 |title=Engraved Histories: A Study of Legend of Naraka and Political Legitimacy in the Kamarupa Region |journal= Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=75 |pages=153–159 |publisher= Indian History Congress |jstor=44158374|issn=2249-1937}}
* {{cite journal|last=Sheikh|first=Amiruzzaman|title=The 16th century Koch kingdom: Evolving patterns of sanskritisation|date=2012|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume= 73|pages=249–254|jstor=44156212|issn=2249-1937}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d3PfztHTv0sC&pg=PA1|title=Nalinibala Devi|year=2000 |first=Preeti |last=Barua|publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=9788126009169}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iorHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA397 |title=North-East India: Land, People and Economy|year= 2013|first1=K. R. |last1=Dikshit |first2=Jutta K. |last2=Dikshit |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9789400770553}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFJYeS8-TlAC&pg=PA43 |title=Social History of Assam: Being a Study of the Origins of Ethnic Identity and Social Tension During the British Period, 1905-1947 – ''Pre–British History and Society''|date=1989|isbn=9788170222248|last1=Bose|first1=Manilal|publisher=Concept Publishing Company }}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f7UTH5ROsKAC&q=ROOTS|title=Socio-economic profile of Rural India (series II) – ''Roots''|isbn=9788180697241|last1=Patra|first1=S. C.|year=2011|publisher=Concept Publishing Company }}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOqEsStmcQQC&pg=PA31|title=Among the Luminaries in Assam: A Study of Assamese Biography|date=1990|isbn=9788170992073|last1=Sarma|first1=Anjali|publisher=Mittal Publications }}
*{{cite journal|last=Shin|first=Jae-Eun|title=Sword and Words: A Conflict Between Kings and Brahmins in the Bengal Frontier, Kāmatāpur 15th-16th Centuries|journal=Journal of the Directorate of Archaeology and Museums|year=2021|publisher=Government of West Bengal|volume=3|pages=21–36}}

{{Assam}}

[[Category:Brahmin communities of Assam| ]]
[[Category:Assamese people]]
[[Category:Brahmin communities by language]]

Bucephalus

2026-03-20T22:43:06Z

SabinaGuffey: Article updated with improved flow

{{Short description|Horse of Alexander the Great}}
{{Other uses|Bucephalus (disambiguation)}}
{{citation style|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox animal
| name = Bucephalus 
| image = File:Seleucos I Bucephalos coin.jpg
| landscape = 
| alt = 
| caption = Coin depicting Bucephalas, issued by [[Seleucus I Nicator]]. Note the horns on his head, from a literal interpretation of his name, which means "ox-head".
| othername =
| species = [[Horse]]
| breed =
| gender = Male
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{circa|355 BC}}
| birth_place = 
| death_date = June 326 BC (aged 30)
| death_place = [[Punjab|Pentapotamia]], [[Macedonian Empire]] (modern-day [[Pakistan]])
| death_cause =
| resting_place = [[Bucephala and Nicaea|Bucephala]]
| nationality = 
| occupation = Warhorse
| years_active = 344 BC – 326 BC
| known_for =
| tricks =
| awards =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| owner = [[Alexander III of Macedon]]
| residence =
| parents =
| mate =
| children =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bucephalus''' ({{IPAc-en|b|juː|.|ˈ|s|ɛ|.|f|ə|.|l|ə|s|}}; {{langx|grc|Βουκεφᾰ́λᾱς|translit=Boukephalas}}; {{Circa|355 BC}} – June 326 BC) or '''Bucephalas''', was the [[horse]] of [[Alexander the Great]], and one of the most famous horses of [[classical antiquity]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.worldhistory.org/Bucephalus/|title=The Bucephalus|newspaper=World History Encyclopedia|date=6 October 2011|first1=Donald|last1=Wasson}}</ref> According to the ''[[Alexander Romance]]'' (1.15), the name "Bucephalus" literally means "ox-headed" (from {{langx|grc|[[wiktionary:βοῦς#Ancient_Greek|βοῦς]]|translit=bûs|lit=[[ox]]|label=none}} and {{langx|el|[[wiktionary:κεφαλή#Ancient_Greek|κεφᾰλή]]|translit=cephălē|lit=head|label=none}}), and supposedly comes from a [[Bucephalus (brand)|brand]] (or scar) on the thigh of the horse that looked like an ox's head.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Kouymjian |first=Dickran |url=https://www.academia.edu/3079908 |title=Byzantium and Renaissances. Dialogue of Cultures, Heritage of Antiquity, Tradition and Modernity |date=2012 |publisher=University of Warsaw Press |pages=209–216 |chapter=Did Byzantine Iconography Influence the Large Cycle of the Life of Alexander the Great in Armenian Manuscripts?}}</ref>

Ancient historical accounts<ref>The primary (actually secondary) accounts are two: [[Plutarch]]'s ''Life of Alexander'', 6, and [[Arrian]]'s ''[[Anabasis Alexandri]]'' V.19.</ref> state that Bucephalus's breed was that of the "best [[Thessaly|Thessalian]] strain", and that he died in what is now [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]], after the [[Battle of the Hydaspes]] in 326 BC. Alexander was so grieved at the loss of his horse that he named [[List of cities founded by Alexander the Great|one of the many cities he founded]] after him, as [[Alexandria Bucephalus]].

== Taming of Bucephalus ==
[[File:Alexander & Bucephalus by John Steell.JPG|thumb|left|A statue by [[John Steell]] showing Alexander taming Bucephalus]]
A massive creature with a massive head, Bucephalus is described as having a black coat with a large white star on his brow.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} He is also supposed to have had a "[[Horse markings#Other identifying features|wall eye]]" (blue eye),{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} and his breeding was that of the "best [[Thessaly|Thessalian]] strain".

[[Plutarch]] says<ref name="Plut6">{{cite Plutarch|Alexander|6}}</ref> that in 344 BC, at twelve or thirteen years of age, Alexander of [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonia]] won the horse by making a wager with his father: a horse dealer named Philonicus the Thessalian offered Bucephalus to [[Philip II of Macedon|King Philip II]] for the remarkably high sum of 13 [[talent (measurement)|talents]].{{efn|Loeb (1919) values one talent at £235, or $1,200; Thayer gives $15,600 (2007).<ref name="Plut6"/>}} Because no one could tame the animal, Philip was not interested. However, Alexander was, and he offered to pay himself should he fail.

Alexander was given a chance and surprised all by subduing the horse. He spoke soothingly to the horse and turned its head toward the sun so that it could no longer see its own shadow, which had been the cause of its distress. Dropping his fluttering [[cloak]] as well, Alexander successfully tamed the horse. Plutarch says that the incident so impressed Philip that he told the boy, "O my son, look thee out a kingdom equal to and worthy of thyself, for Macedonia is too little for thee."<ref name="Plut6"/> Philip's speech strikes the only false note in the anecdote, according to A. R. Anderson,<ref>Anderson 1930:3 and 17ff.</ref> who noted his words as the embryo of the legend fully developed in the ''History of Alexander the Great'' I.15, 17.

The ''[[Alexander Romance]]'' presents a mythic variant of Bucephalus's origin. In this tale, the colt, whose heroic attributes surpassed even those of [[Pegasus]], is bred and presented to Philip on his own [[estate (land)|estate]]s. The mythic attributes of the animal are further reinforced in the romance by the [[Delphic Oracle]] who tells Philip that the destined king of the world will be the one who rides Bucephalus, a horse with the mark of the ox's head on his haunch.

== Alexander and Bucephalus ==
[[File:Domenico Maria Canuti - Alexander and Bucephalus.jpeg|thumb|left|upright|''Alexander and Bucephalus'' by [[Domenico Maria Canuti]], 17th century]]
[[File:Alexander the Great mosaic.jpg|thumb|right|Alexander and Bucephalus in combat at the [[Battle of Issus]] portrayed in the [[Alexander Mosaic]]]]
[[File:Benjamin Robert Haydon (1786-1846) - Alexander the Great (356–323 BC), Taming Bucephalus - 485149 - National Trust.jpg|thumb|''[[Alexander the Great Taming Bucephalus]]'' by [[Benjamin Robert Haydon]], 1826]]
As one of his chargers, Bucephalus served Alexander in numerous battles.

The value which Alexander placed on Bucephalus emulated his hero and supposed ancestor [[Achilles]], who claimed that his horses were "known to excel all others—for they are immortal. [[Poseidon]] gave them to my father [[Peleus]], who in his turn gave them to me."<ref>Homer, ''The Iliad'', Book XXIII.</ref>

[[Arrian]] states, with [[Onesicritus]] as his source, that Bucephalus died at the age of thirty. Other sources, however, give as the cause of death not old age or weariness, but fatal injuries at the [[Battle of the Hydaspes]] (June 326 BC), in which Alexander's army defeated [[King Porus]]. Alexander promptly founded a city, [[Alexandria Bucephalous|Bucephala]], in honour of his horse. It was on the west bank of the [[Jhelum River|Hydaspes river]] (modern-day [[Jhelum (City)|Jhelum]] in [[Pakistan]]).<ref>Rolf Winkes, "Boukephalas", ''Miscellanea Mediterranea'' (''Archaeologia Transatlantica XVIII'') Providence [[2000 in literature|2000]], pp. 101–107.</ref> The modern-day town of [[Jalalpur Sharif]], outside Jhelum, is said to be where Bucephalus is buried.<ref>[[Michael Wood (historian)|Michael Wood]], "In the footsteps of Alexander the Great".</ref>

The legend of Bucephalus grew in association with that of Alexander, beginning with the fiction that they were born simultaneously: some of the later versions of the ''[[Alexander Romance]]'' also synchronized the hour of their death.<ref>Andrew Runni Anderson, "Bucephalas and His Legend" ''The American Journal of Philology'' '''51'''.1 (1930:1–21).</ref> The Bucephalus appears in almost all versions of the ''[[Armenian Alexander Romance]]'', and visual illustrations in the surviving manuscripts of this text sometimes represent scenes with the Bucephalus.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[List of historical horses]]
* [[List of fictional horses]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Bucephalus}}
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons-inline}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ancient individual animals]]
[[Category:Alexander the Great]]
[[Category:Alexander the Great in legend]]
[[Category:Ancient Greece]]
[[Category:History of Punjab]]
[[Category:Individual warhorses]]
[[Category:Individual male horses]]

Natco Pharma

2026-03-14T21:34:42Z

SabinaGuffey: revised

{{Short description|Indian pharmaceutical company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Natco Pharma
| logo = Natco Pharma Logo.svg
| logo_size =
| caption =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| genre =
| traded_as = {{NSE|NATCOPHARM}} {{BSE|524816}}
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = 1981
| founder = VC Nannapaneni
| defunct =
| location_city = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]
| location_country = India
| locations =
| area_served = Global
| key_people = VC Nannapaneni (Chairman and MD)<ref>{{cite news |title=Facing headwinds in US, Natco Pharma looks to scale up business in China |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/facing-headwinds-in-us-natco-pharma-looks-to-scale-up-business-in-china-1565511497326.html |accessdate=19 April 2020 |work=Livemint}}</ref> Rajeev Nannapaneni (CEO and Vice Chairman)<ref>{{cite news |title=Natco Pharma: In fine fettle |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/super-50-companies-2018/natco-pharma-in-fine-fettle/51067/1 |accessdate=19 April 2020 |work=Forbes India}}</ref>
| industry = [[Pharmaceuticals]]
| products =
| services =
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRconvert|4784|c}} (2025)
| operating_income = {{up}} {{INRconvert|2550|c}} (2025)
| net_income = {{up}} {{INRconvert|1883|c}} (2025)
| aum =
| assets =
| equity =
| owner =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| divisions =
| homepage = [http://www.natcopharma.co.in natcopharma.co.in]
| footnotes = Financials {{as of|2025|03|31|lc=y|df=yes}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Earnings Presentation - Q4 FY25 & FY25 |url=https://www.natcopharma.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/NATCO-Pharma-Earnings-Presentation-Q4FY25-.pdf |publisher=NATCO Pharma Limited |access-date=11 July 2025}}</ref>
}}
'''Natco Pharma''' is an Indian multinational [[pharmaceutical]] company based in [[Hyderabad]]. The company manufactures finished dosage formulations, [[active pharmaceutical ingredients]] and agrochemical products.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Our Business {{!}} Natco Pharma |url=https://www.natcopharma.co.in/our-business/ |access-date=2022-04-25}}</ref> It is a major producer of branded [[oncology]] medicines<ref name="paraiv">{{cite news |title=Natco Pharma lines up 20 'Para IV' products |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/natco-pharma-lines-up-20-para-iv-products/article29408594.ece |accessdate=19 April 2020 |work=The Hindu Business Line}}</ref> cardiology, diabetology and other pharma specialty drugs<ref name="Ladder">"How Natco Defied the Odds to Rise up India's Pharma Ladder". Moneycontrol. 19 April 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2026. {{cite web |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/how-natco-defied-the-odds-to-rise-up-indias-pharma-ladder-2583413.html |title=How Natco Defied the Odds to Rise up India's Pharma Ladder |work=Moneycontrol |date=19 April 2020 |access-date=11 March 2026}}</ref> at affordable prices.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=17 December 2020 |title=Natco Pharma launches anti blood clot medication, Rivaroxaban, in India |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/pharmaceuticals/natco-pharma-launches-anti-blood-clot-medication-rivaroxaban-in-india/articleshow/79779503.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Akolkar |first=Shrikant |date=9 March 2017 |title=Natco Pharma: Top league player |url=https://www.angelone.in/get-co-pdf/AngelBrokingResearch_NatcoPharma_Inititatingcoverage_090317.pdf |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=Angel One}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission & Heritage {{!}} Natco Pharma |url=https://www.natcopharma.co.in/about/mission-heritage/ |access-date=2022-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sridhar |first=G. Naga |date=2020-11-25 |title=Natco Pharma expects agri business to be key growth lever |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/natco-pharma-expects-agri-business-to-be-key-growth-lever/article33175348.ece |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
* In 1981: Venkaiah Choudary Nannapaneni founded NATCO Pharma with the objective of "making specialty medicines accessible to all."
* In 1981: Kothur unit began with the production of [[Formulation|formulations]].
* In 1986: Operations commenced by manufacturing parental at the facility in [[Nagarjuna Sagar]].
* In 1992: NATCO Pharma went public on 1st July 1992.
* In 1993: Chemical division at Mekaguda, [[Telangana]] commenced with the production of APIs and intermediates.
* In 2003: The oncology division was launched with the flagship brand VEENAT (generic [[Imatinib]] Mesylate) for treating [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia]].
* In 2008: Natco Pharma filed its first paragraph IV filing in the US with the USFDA.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/natco-pharma-first-paragraph-iv-filing-in-us-108022701088_1.html |title=Natco Pharma's First Paragraph IV Filing in US |work=Business Standard |date=27 February 2008 |access-date=11 March 2026}}</ref>
* In 2009: The company established an organics facility for Cytotoxic APIs and [[biotechnology]] products in [[Chennai]].
* In 2011: Established its subsidiary NATCO Pharma do Brazil LTDA in [[Brazil]].
* In 2012: Natco Pharma obtained a compulsory license to produce a cheaper and generic version of [[Bayer]]'s anti‑cancer medication [[Nexavar]].<ref name="Ladder">{{cite web |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/how-natco-defied-the-odds-to-rise-up-indias-pharma-ladder-2583413.html |title=How Natco Defied the Odds to Rise up India's Pharma Ladder |work=Moneycontrol |date=19 April 2020 |access-date=11 March 2026}}</ref>
* In 2013: Natco Pharma Canada Inc. was established to facilitate sales and distribution in [[Canada]].
* In 2016: The generic version of [[Oseltamivir]] Phosphate capsules was launched in the [[United States]].
* In 2017: Started the [[Cardiology]] and [[Diabetology]] division with the launch of [[Dabigatran]] in [[India]].
* In 2017: Launched [[Glatiramer Acetate]] injection and complex drug product Liposomal [[Doxorubicin]] in the United States.
* In 2019: NATCO [[Crop]] [[Health]] [[Sciences]] division was launched.
* In 2022: First generic version of [[Revlimid]] in the United States market.
* In 2022: Crop Health Sciences launched [[Chlorantraniliprole]] (CTPR) agro products in India.
* In 2022: Invested in a [[cell therapy]] company that developed a patented experimental treatment for dry AMD called Eyecyte-RPE.
* In 2023: NATCO set up its subsidiaries in [[Indonesia]] and [[Colombia]] to boost international business.
* In 2024: Highest-ever revenue of Rs 41,169 million, EBIDTA of Rs 18,795 million, and PAT of Rs 13,883 million.
* In 2024: Invested INR 15 Cr in Cellogen Therapeutics Pvt Ltd., focusing on [[cell (biology)|cell]] and [[gene therapy]] solutions.
* In 2024: Invested in eGenesis, a biotechnology company focused on [[xenotransplantation]].
* In 2025: On 11 November, Natco Pharma completed the acquisition of a 35.75% stake in [[Adcock Ingram]] Holdings Limited, a South African pharmaceutical company founded in 1891 that manufactures prescription, over-the-counter, consumer, and hospital pharmaceutical products and is known for brands such as Panado, Myprodol, Epi-Max, Citro-Soda, and Allergex. The transaction, valued at approximately US$226 million, resulted in the delisting of Adcock Ingram from the [[JSE Limited|Johannesburg Stock Exchange]]. Following the acquisition, the combined entity reported revenue exceeding US$1 billion with total assets of approximately US$1.5 billion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Natco completes 35.75% stake buy in South African firm |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/markets/natco-completes-35-75-stake-buy-in-south-african-firm-13671596.html |work=Moneycontrol |date=12 November 2025 |access-date=11 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Natco Pharma completes Adcock Ingram delisting from JSE |url=https://hdfcsky.com/news/natco-pharma-completes-adcock-ingram-delisting-from-jse |work=HDFC Sky |date=12 November 2025 |access-date=11 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Natco Pharma to acquire significant stake in South African firm Adcock Ingram |url=https://pharma.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/mergers-and-acquisitions/natco-pharma-to-acquire-significant-stakes-in-s-african-firm-adcock-ingram/124498772 |work=Economic Times Pharma |date=2025 |access-date=11 March 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies of India]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies established in 1981]]
[[Category:1981 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1981]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Kumaran Asan

2026-03-09T17:03:25Z

SabinaGuffey: quick update

{{short description|Indian poet}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox writer
| honorific_prefix = Mahakavi
| name = Kumaran Asan
| image = Kumaran Asan 1973 stamp of India.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1871|04|12}}
| birth_place = Kaayikkara [[Kadakkavoor]], [[Chirayinkeezhu]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Travancore]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1924|01|16|1873|4|12}}
| death_place = [[Alappuzha]], Travancore, [[Kerala]], [[British Raj]]

| occupation = Poet and writer
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = {{ubl|''[[Veena Poovu (poem)|Veena Poovu]]''|''Duravastha''|''Chinthavishtayaaya Seetha''|''Nalini''|''Leela''|''Chandala Bhikshuki''|''Prarodanam''|''Pushpavadi''|}}
| spouse = Bhanumathiamma
| partner =
| children = Prabhakaran and Sudhakaran
| relatives = {{ubl|Narayanan Perungudi (father)|Kochupennu (mother)}}
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
}}
{{Renaissance of Kerala}}
'''Mahakavi Kumaran Asan''' (12 April 1871 – 16 January 1924) was a poet of [[Malayalam literature]], Indian social reformer and a philosopher. He is known to have initiated a revolution in [[Malayalam poetry]] during the first quarter of the 20th century, transforming it from the metaphysical to the lyrical and his poetry is characterised by its moral and spiritual content, poetic concentration and dramatic contextualisation. He is one of the [[Triumvirate poets of modern Malayalam|triumvirate poets]] of [[Kerala]] and a disciple of [[Narayana Guru|Sree Narayana Guru]]. He was awarded the prefix "Mahakavi" in 1922 by the Madras university which means "great poet".{{Refn|group=note|Asan was commonly referred to as ''Mahakavi Kumaran Asan'' (the prefix ''Mahakavi'', awarded by [[Madras University]] in 1922, means "great poet" and the suffix ''Asan'' means "scholar" or "teacher")}}

== Biography ==
[[Image:Asan with guru.JPG|thumb|250px|left|Kumaran Asan (standing right) with [[Narayana Guru]] (seated middle).]]
Asan{{Refn|group=note|Asan was commonly referred to as ''Mahakavi Kumaran Asan'' (the prefix ''Mahakavi'', awarded by [[Madras University]] in 1922, means "great poet" and the suffix ''Asan'' means "scholar" or "teacher")}} was born on 12 April 1873, in a merchant family belonging to [[Ezhava]] community in Kayikkara village, [[Chirayinkeezhu taluk]], [[Anchuthengu|Anchuthengu Grama Panchaayat]]h in [[Travancore]]{{Refn|group=note|present-day [[Thiruvananthapuram]] district of [[Kerala]], [[South India]]}} to Narayanan Perungudi, a polyglot well versed in [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] and [[Tamil language]]s, and Kochupennu as the second of their nine children.<ref name="Akademi">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Kumaranasan/Html/Kumaranasanngraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-03-02 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref> His early schooling was at a local school by a teacher by name, Udayankuzhi Kochuraman Vaidyar, who taught him elementary [[Sanskrit]] after which he continued his studies at the government school in Kayikkara until he was thirteen. Subsequently, he joined the school as a teacher in 1889 but had to quit as he was not old enough to hold a government job. It was during this time, he studied the verses and plays of Sanskrit literature. Later, he started working as an accountant at a local wholesale grocer in 1890, the same year he met [[Shree Narayana Guru]] and became the spiritual leader's disciple.<ref name="Chronicle">{{Cite web |url=http://kanic.kerala.gov.in/index.php/cronicle |title=Chronicle |date=2019-03-02 |website=kanic.kerala.gov.in |access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref>

Narayana Guru's influence led Asan to spiritual pursuits and he spent some time at a local temple, in prayers and teaching Sanskrit.<ref name="Akademi" /> Soon, he joined Guru at his [[Aruvippuram]] hermitage where he was known as ''Chinnaswami'' ("young ascetic"). In 1895, he moved to [[Bangalore]] and studied for law, staying with [[Padmanabhan Palpu]]. He stayed there only until 1898 as Palpu went to England and a [[Plague (disease)|plague]] [[epidemic]] spread over Bangalore and Asan spent the next few months in [[Chennai|Madras]] before proceeding to Calcutta to continue his Sanskrit studies.<ref name="Chronicle" /> At [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], he studied at [[Tarka sastra]] at the Central Hindu College, studying English simultaneously and also got involved with the [[Bengali Renaissance|Indian Renaissance]], but his stay was again cut short due to plague epidemic.<ref name="A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy">{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&pg=PA440 |title=A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-7201-798-9 |editor-last=Das |editor-first=Sisir Kumar |edition= Reprinted |pages=306–308 |chapter=The Narratives of Suffering: Caste and the Underprivileged}}</ref><ref name="Handbook of Twentieth-Century Literatures of India">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&pg=PA184 |title=Handbook of Twentieth-Century Literatures of India |last=Natarajan |first=Nalini |year=1996 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. |isbn=0-313-28778-3 |pages=183–185 |access-date=8 February 2015}}</ref> He returned to Aruvippuram in 1900.<ref name="Chronicle" />

Asan was also involved with the activities of the [[Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam]] (SNDP) and became its secretary in 1904.<ref name="SNDP Yogam">{{Cite web |url=http://sndpyogam.in/sndp/ |title=SNDP Yogam |date=2019-03-03 |website=Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam |language=en |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218101452/http://sndpyogam.in/sndp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The same year, he founded [[Vivekodayam]], a literary journal in Malayalam, and assumed its editorship.<ref name="Das2005">{{cite book|author=Sisir Kumar Das|title=History of Indian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C&pg=PA257|year=2005|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-006-5|pages=257–}}</ref><ref name="A Social History of India">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&pg=PA600 |title=A Social History of India |last=S. N. Sadasivan |publisher=APH Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=978-81-7648-170-0 |pages=600–}}</ref> Under his leadership, the magazine became a monthly from a bi-monthly.<ref name="Kumaranasan - Kerala Media Academy">{{Cite web |url=http://archive.keralamediaacademy.org/content/kumaranasan |title=Kumaranasan - Kerala Media Academy |website=archive.keralamediaacademy.org |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=19 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319041347/http://archive.keralamediaacademy.org/content/kumaranasan |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1913, he was elected to the [[Sree Moolam Popular Assembly]] (Sri Moolam Praja Sabha),<ref name="Chronicle" /> the first popularly elected legislature in the history of India.<ref name="History of legislative bodies in Kerala-- Sri Moolam Praja Sabha">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaassembly.org/history/popular.html |title=History of legislative bodies in Kerala-- Sri Moolam Praja Sabha |date=2019-03-03 |website=keralaassembly.org |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> He relinquished the position at SNDP in 1919 and a year later, took over the editorship of ''Pratibha'', another literary magazine In 1921, he started a [[Roof tiles|clay tile]] factory, ''Union Tile Works'', in [[Aluva]] but when it was found that the factory was polluting the nearby palace pond, he shifted the project to a site near Aluva river and handed over the land to SNDP for building an ''Advaitashramam''.<ref name="Kumaran Asan As A Business Man">{{Cite web |url=https://www.veethi.com/articles/kumaran-asan-as-a-business-man-article-2457.htm |title=Kumaran Asan As A Business Man |website=veethi.com |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> Later, he moved to [[Thonnakkal]], a village in the periphery of [[Thiruvananthapuram]], where he settled with his wife.<ref name="Chronicle" /> In 1923, he contested in assembly election from [[Quilon]] constituency but lost to Sankara Menon.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://localnews.manoramaonline.com/kollam/local-news/2019/03/19/kollam-kumaranasan.html |title=Kumaran Aasan once contested from Kollam |date=2019-03-20 |website=Manorama |access-date=2019-03-20}}</ref>

Asan married Bhanumathiamma, the daughter of Thachakudy Kumaran Writer in 1917.<ref name="Makers of Indian Literature. Kumaran Asan">{{cite book|author=K. M. George|title=Makers of Indian Literature. Kumaran Asan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vnpkNQEACAAJ|access-date=3 March 2019|year=1972|publisher=Sahitya Akademi.}}</ref>

===Death===
Asan died on 16 January 1924, after a boat named Redeemer carrying him capsized in the Pallana river in Alappuzha.<ref name="Kumaranasan Biography Kerala PSC">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pscteacher.com/2018/03/kumaranasan-biography-kerala-psc.html |title=Kumaranasan Biography Kerala PSC |date=2019-03-03 |website=pscteacher.com |language=en |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044006/https://www.pscteacher.com/2018/03/kumaranasan-biography-kerala-psc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> His body was recovered after two days and the place where his mortal remains were cremated is known as ''Kumarakodi''.<ref name="Kumarakodi - District Alappuzha, Government of Kerala">{{Cite web |url=https://alappuzha.nic.in/tourist-place/kumarakodi/ |title=Kumarakodi - District Alappuzha |date=2019-03-03 |website=Government of Kerala |language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
{{quote box|align = left|width=21em|''Remove the bonds of your effete tradition / Or it will ruin you within your own selves,'' Excerpts from ''Duravastha'' - Kumaran Asan<ref name="Handbook of Twentieth-Century Literatures of India" />}}
[[File:Kumaranasan - handwriting from notebooks kept at Thonnakkal museum (28).jpg|thumb|Handwriting of Kumaran Asan : From the notebooks of Asan kept at Thonnakkal Asan museum]]
Kumaran Asan was one of the [[triumvirate poets of modern Malayalam]], along with [[Vallathol Narayana Menon]] and [[Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer]].<ref name="When poesy met poise on stage - Times of India">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/When-poesy-met-poise-on-stage/articleshow/50264186.cms |title=When poesy met poise on stage - Times of India |website=The Times of India |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> Some of the earlier works of the poet were ''Subramanya Sathakam'' and ''Sankara Sathakam'', which were devotional in content but his later poems were marked by social commentary.<ref name="Kumaran Asan - Indian poet">{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kumaran-Asan |title=Kumaran Asan - Indian poet |date=2019-03-03 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> He published ''[[Veena Poovu (poem)|Veena Poovu]]'' (the fallen flower) in December 1907 in ''[[Mithavadi]]'' of [[Moorkoth Kumaran]] which went on to become a literary classic in Malayalam; its centenary was celebrated in 2017 when a book, ''Veenapoovinu 100'' was published which carried an introduction by [[M. M. Basheer]] and an English translation of the poem by [[K. Jayakumar]].<ref name="Veena Poovu: still in bloom">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/lsquoVeena-Poovursquo-still-in-bloom/article14898654.ece |title=Veena Poovu: still in bloom |date=2007-12-21 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> ''Prarodanam'', an [[elegy]], mourning the death of his contemporary, friend and grammarian, [[A. R. Raja Raja Varma]], ''Khanda Kavyas'' (poems) such as ''Nalini'', ''Leela'', ''Karuna'', ''Chandaalabhikshuki'', ''Chinthaavishtayaaya Seetha'', and ''Duravastha'' are some of his other major works.<ref name="Kumaran Asan - A Biography">{{Cite web |url=http://books.sayahna.org/ml/pdf/nalini.pdf |title=Kumaran Asan - A Biography |date=2019-03-03 |website=sayahna.org |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> Besides, he wrote two epics, ''Buddha Charitha'' in 5 volumes and ''Balaramayanam'', a three-volume work.<ref name="Books and Works">{{Cite web |url=http://kanic.kerala.gov.in/index.php/books |title=Books and Works |date=2019-03-03 |website=kanic.kerala.gov.in |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref>

== Honours ==
In 1958, when [[Joseph Mundassery]] was the Minister of Education, the [[Government of Kerala]] acquired Asan's house in Thonnakkal and established the ''Kumaran Asan National Institute of Culture'' (Kanic), as a memorial for the poet,<ref name="Kumaran Asan National Institute of Culture">{{Cite web |url=http://kanic.kerala.gov.in/ |title=Kumaran Asan National Institute of Culture |date=2019-03-03 |website=kanic.kerala.gov.in |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> the first instance in Kerala history when the government took over a poet's property to convert it into a memorial.<ref name="The Memorial of Asan">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/ |title=The Memorial of Asan |date=2019-03-03 |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> It houses an archives, a museum and a publications division. Asan Memorial Association, a Chennai-based organization, has built a memorial at Kayikkara, the birthplace of the poet.<ref name="Asan Memorial, Kayikkara">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/ |title=Asan Memorial, Kayikkara |date=2019-03-03 |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> They have also instituted an annual award, [[Asan Smaraka Kavitha Puraskaram]], for recognising excellence in Malayalam poetry.<ref name="Asan Smaraka Kavitha Puraskaram">{{Cite web |url=http://asaneducation.com/asan_association/awards.html |title=Asan Smaraka Kavitha Puraskaram |date=2019-03-03 |website=asaneducation.com |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145952/http://asaneducation.com/asan_association/awards.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The award carries a cash prize of {{INR}}30,000 and [[Sugathakumari]], [[O. N. V. Kurup]], [[K. Ayyappa Panicker]] and [[K. Satchidanandan]] are some of the recipients of the award.<ref name="List of Awardees">{{Cite web |url=http://asaneducation.com/asan_association/awards.html#list |title=List of Awardees |date=2019-03-03 |website=asaneducation.com |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145952/http://asaneducation.com/asan_association/awards.html#list |url-status=dead }}</ref> Asan Memorial Senior Secondary School is a CBSE affiliated higher secondary school run by Asan Memorial Association.<ref name="ASAN Memorial Senior Secondary School">{{Cite web |url=http://asancbse.com/our-school.php |title=ASAN Memorial Senior Secondary School |date=2019-03-03 |website=asancbse.com |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> The [[India Post]] issued a commemorative postage stamp depicting Asan's portrait in 1973, in connection with his birth centenary.<ref name="Amrut Philately Gallery - 1973">{{Cite web |url=http://www.amrutphilately.com/gallery/index.php?yer=1973 |title=Amrut Philately Gallery - 1973 |date=2019-03-03 |website=amrutphilately.com |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=14 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214071346/http://www.amrutphilately.com/gallery/index.php?yer=1973 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Commemorative and definitive stamps">{{Cite web |url=http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps_List.aspx |title=Commemorative and definitive stamps |date=2019-03-03 |website=postagestamps.gov.in |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121210123/http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps_List.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please check year 1973}}

==Works==
[[File:Kumaranasan - Chandalabhikshuki scene at Thonnakkal Asan Smarakam.jpg|thumb|Kumaran Asan - Chandalabhikshuki - a mural at Thonnakkal Asan Smarakam]]

=== Major works ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%"
! scope="col" style="width:5%" | Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%" | Work
! scope="col" style="width:40%" | Remarks
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1907
! scope="row" | ''[[Veena Poovu (poem)|Veena Poovu]] (The Fallen Flower)''<ref name="Veenapoovu">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=258503&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Veenapoovu |last=Kumaran Asan |first=N. |date=2007 |publisher=D C Books |isbn=9788126417995 |location=Kottayam }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|Asan scripted this epoch-making poem in 1907 during his sojourn in [[Jain Medu]], [[Palakkad]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2007/12/21/stories/2007122150380300.htm |title=The Hindu : Friday Review Thiruvananthapuram / Dance : Visual poetry |last1=Paul |first1=G.S. |date=21 December 2007 |access-date=20 July 2011 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522045820/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2007/12/21/stories/2007122150380300.htm |archive-date=22 May 2011}}</ref> A highly philosophical poem, 'Veena Poovu' is an allegory of the transience of the mortal world, which is depicted through the description of the varied stages in the life of a flower. Asan describes in such detail about its probable past and the position it held. It is an intense sarcasm on people on high powers/positions finally losing all those. The first word ''Ha'', and the last word ''Kashtam'' of the entire poem is often considered as a symbolism of him calling the world outside ''Ha! kashtam'' (How pitiful).<ref name="Lal1992">{{cite book|author=Mohan Lal|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA4529|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=4529–}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1911
! scope="row" | ''[[(Nalini (poem)|Nalini]]''<ref name="Nalini : Patam, Patanam, Vyakhyanam">{{Cite book |url=https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/nalini-:-patam--patanam--vyakhyanam?t=1 |title=Nalini : Patam, Patanam, Vyakhyanam |last=Kumaran Asan |date=January 2009 |publisher=DC Books |isbn=9788126424108 |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044031/https://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/nalini-:-patam--patanam--vyakhyanam?t=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Nalini">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202288&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Nalini |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1970 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Thonnakkal |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211633/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202288&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| It is a love poem, which details the love between Nalini and Diwakharan.<ref name="George1972">{{cite book|author=K. M. George|title=Western Influence on Malayalam Language and Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MZqqyxVkufQC&pg=PA123|year=1972|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-0413-3|pages=123–}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1914
! scope="row" | ''[[Leela (poem)|Leela]]''<ref name="Leela">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202274&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Leela |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1970 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Thonnakkal |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306124556/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202274&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| A deep love story in which Leela leaves Madanan, her lover and returns to find him in forest in a pathetic condition. She thus realises the fundamental fact ''Mamsanibhadamalla ragam'' (true love is not carnal)<ref name="ലീലയ്ക്ക് 100 വയസ്">{{Cite web |url=https://www.azhimukham.com/leela-kumaranasan-poetry-love-renaissance-kerala/ |title=ലീലയ്ക്ക് 100 വയസ് |date=2014-10-07 |website=Azhimukham |language=ml |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1919
! scope="row" | ''[[Prarodanam]]'' (Lamentation)<ref name="Prarodanam">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202280&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Prarodanam |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1968 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Thonnakkal |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306110014/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202280&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| An elegy on the death of [[A. R. Rajaraja Varma]], a poet, critic and scholar; similar to [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]]'s [[Adonaïs]], with a distinctly Indian philosophical attitude.<ref name="Das2005" />
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1919
! scope="row" | ''[[Chinthavishtayaaya Sita]]'' (Reflective Sita) <ref name="Chindavishtayaya Seetha">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202297&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Chindavishtayaya Seetha |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1970 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Thonnakkal |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306095952/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202297&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| An exploration of womanhood and sorrow, based on the plight of [[Sita]] of [[Ramayana]].<ref name="Pati2019">{{cite book|author=George Pati|title=Religious Devotion and the Poetics of Reform: Love and Liberation in Malayalam Poetry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wueIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT93|date=18 February 2019|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-10359-6|pages=93–}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1922
! scope="row" | ''[[Duravastha]]'' (The Tragic Plight)<ref name="Duravastha">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221773&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Duravastha |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1969 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Sarada book dipo |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306134809/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221773&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| A love story depicting the relationship between Savithri, a [[Namboothiri]] heiress and Chathan, a youth from a lower caste. A political commentary on 19th and early 20th century Kerala.<ref name="Theatrical adaptation brings Kumaran Asan’s poem to life - Times of India">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/theatrical-adaptation-brings-kumaran-asans-poem-to-life/articleshow/57389965.cms |title=Theatrical adaptation brings Kumaran Asan's poem to life - Times of India |website=The Times of India |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1922
! scope="row" | ''[[Chandaalabhikshuki]]''<ref name="Chandala bhikshuki">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202294&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Chandala bhikshuki |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1970 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Thonnakkal |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306134804/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=202294&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| This poem, divided into four parts and consisting of couplets, describes an untouchable beggar-woman" (also the name of the poem) who approaches Lord [[Ananda]] near [[Sravasti]].<ref name="Sadasivan2000 1">{{cite book|author=S. N. Sadasivan|title=A Social History of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&pg=PA634|year=2000|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-170-0|pages=634–}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1923
! scope="row" | ''[[Karuna (poem)|Karuna]]'' (compassion)<ref name="Karuna">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221817&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Karuna |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1969 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Sarada book dipo |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306121715/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221817&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| The story of Vasavadatta, a [[devadasi]], and Upagupta, a [[Buddhist]] monk.<ref name="Sadasivan2000">{{cite book|author=S. N. Sadasivan|title=A Social History of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&pg=PA681|year=2000|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-170-0|pages=681–}}</ref><ref name="Raveendran2002">{{cite book|author=P. P. Raveendran|title=Joseph Mundasseri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mU7zHtik0ZoC&pg=PA47|year=2002|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1535-1|pages=47–}}</ref> Tells the story of sensory attraction and its aftermath.<ref name="BoehmerBoehmer2010">{{cite book|author1=Elleke Boehmer|author2=Professor of World Literature in English Elleke Boehmer|author3=Rosinka Chaudhuri|title=The Indian Postcolonial: A Critical Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_SrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA228|date=4 October 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-81957-5|pages=228–}}</ref>
|}

=== Other works ===
[[File:Kumaran Ashan.jpg|thumb|A statue of Kumaran Asan in front of the [[University of Kerala]] located in Thiruvananthapuram.]]

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%"
! scope="col" style="width:5%" | Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%" | Work
! scope="col" style="width:40%" | Remarks
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1901
! scope="row" | ''Sthothrakrithikal''
|Poetry anthology
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1901
! scope="row" | ''Saundaryalahari''
|Poetry anthology
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1915–29
! scope="row" | ''[[Sree Budhacharitham]]''<ref name="Sree Budhacharitham">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=325268&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Sree Budhacharitham |last=Kumaran Asan |first=N. |date=1915 |publisher=Sarada Book Depot |location=Trivandram |quote=5 volumes}}</ref>
|This is an [[epic poem]] comprising 5 volumes (perhaps Kumaran Asan's longest work), written in [[couplets]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1917–21
! scope="row" | ''[[Baalaraamaayanam]]''
|This is a shorter epic poem consisting of 267 verses in three volumes. Most of these verses are couplets, with the exception of the last three [[quatrains]] viz. ''Balakandam'' (1917), ''Ayodhyakandam'' (1920) and ''Ayodhyakandam'' (1921). There are, therefore, 540 lines in all
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1918
! scope="row" | ''[[Graamavrikshattile Kuyil]]''<ref name="Kuyil">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221808&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Kuyil |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1970 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Sarada book dipo |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044320/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221808&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1922
! scope="row" | ''[[Pushpavaadi]]''<ref name="Pushpavadi">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221782&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Pushpavadi |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1969 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Sarada book dipo |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306053511/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221782&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1924
! scope="row" | ''[[Manimaala (poem)|Manimaala]]''<ref name="Manimala">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221798&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Manimala |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1965 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Sarada book dipo |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044314/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221798&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|Poetry anthology
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1925
! scope="row" | ''[[Vanamaala (poem)|Vanamaala]]''<ref name="Vanamala">{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221778&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Vanamala |last=Kumaran Asan |date=1925 |publisher=Sarada book dipo |location=Sarada book dipo |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306123228/https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=221778&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|Poetry anthology
|}

Kumaran Asan also wrote many other poems. Some of these poems are listed in the book ''Asante Padyakrthikal'' under the name "Mattu Krthikal" (Other Works):

*''Sadaachaarasathakam''
*''Sariyaaya Parishkaranam''
*''Bhaashaaposhinisabhayodu''
*''Saamaanyadharmangal''
*''Subrahmanyapanchakam''
*''Mrthyanjayam''
*''Pravaasakaalaththu Naattile Ormakal''
:This is another collection of poems that come from various letters Kumaran Asan wrote over the course of several years. None of the poems were longer than thirty-two lines.
*''Koottu Kavitha''

The other poems are lesser known. Only a few of them have names:

*''Kavikalkkupadesam''
*''Mangalam''
*''Oru Kathth''
:This is another one of Asan's letter-poems.
*''Randu Aasamsaapadyangal''

poems or stories which are written by kritikal
1. Leela
2. veenpuv
3. nlene
4. kruna
4. parodnam

=== Prose ===
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=258439&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Brahmasri Sri Narayana Guruvinte Jeevacharithra Samgraham |last=Kumaran Asan |first=N. |date=1991 |publisher=Kumaran Asan Memorial Committee |edition= 3rd.|location=Thonnakkal}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=272568&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Kumaran Asante Gadyalekhanangal v.1 |last=Kumaran Asasn |first=N. ed |date=1984 |publisher=Kumaran Asan Memorial Committee |location=Thonnakkal, Trivandrum |quote=3 volumes}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=105679&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Aasante kathukal |last1=Kumaranasan |last2=Shaji |first2=S. |date=2010 |publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society |location=Kottayam}}

=== Translations ===
* {{Cite book |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/12087858 |title=The Tragic plight |last1=Asan |first1=Kumaran |last2=Gangadharan |first2=P. C |date=1978 |publisher=Thonnakkal : Kumaran Asan Memorial Committee; [Madras : distributed by Macmillan] |edition= 1st |language=en}}

== Works on Asan ==
* {{Cite book |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/br/2002/09/24/stories/2002092400030303.htm |title=Suryathejas — Studies on Asan Poetry |publisher=Asan Memorial Association |year=2002 |editor-last=E. K. Purushothaman}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=194721&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Poetry and Renaissance: Kumaran Asan birth centenary volume |date=1974 |publisher=Sameeksha |editor-last=M. Govindan |location=Madras}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=110690&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Evolution of the poetic life of Kumaran Asan: A psychu-philosiphical enquiry |last=Pavitran P. |date=1994}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=83411&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Kumaranasan |last=Nithyachaithanya Yathi |date=1994 |publisher=Author}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=71136&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Asan vimarsanathinte aadya rasmikal |last1=Kumaran |first1=Murkoth |last2=Madhavan K. G |date=1966 |publisher=Vidhyarthimithram |location=Kottayam}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=34566&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Kumaran Asan: Profile of a poets vision |last=Sreenivasan |first=K. |date=1981 |publisher=Jayasree Pubs |location=Thiruvananthapuram}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=16979&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Kumaran%2520Asan |title=Kumaran Asan |last=George |first=K. M. |date=1972 |publisher=Sahitya Academi |location=New Delhi}}
* {{cite book|author=Sukumar Azhikode|title=Asante Seethakavyam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7UrQAAACAAJ|publisher=Lipi Publications|isbn=978-81-88011-74-2}}

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}
*[[Asan Smaraka Kavitha Puraskaram]]
*[[Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University]]
*[[Vallathol Narayana Menon]]
*[[Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer]]
*[[Pandalam Kerala Varma]]
{{div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Kumaran Asan}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Kumaranasan/Html/Kumaranasanpage.htm |title=Portrait commissioned by Kerala Sahitya Akademi |date=2019-03-02 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-03-02}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDSKEXQ4zpY |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/LDSKEXQ4zpY |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|title=Kumaranasan - (കുമാരനാശാന്‍) - Kerala Renaissance |last=YesLearners Kerala |date=2017-04-18 |website=YouTube |access-date=2019-03-04}}{{cbignore}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSPhsc27uOk |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/wSPhsc27uOk |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|title=Kumaran Asan - A Lecture |last=Audiopedia |date=2014-08-26 |website=YouTube |access-date=2019-03-04}}{{cbignore}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0abtWwwke-E |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/0abtWwwke-E |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|title=Kumaran Asan's tomb at Alappuzha |last=binbrainvideos |date=2010-04-05 |website=YouTube |access-date=2019-03-04}}{{cbignore}}

{{Triumvirates of Malayalam poetry}}
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}
{{Narayana Guru}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asan, Kumaran}}
[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:1924 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Malayalam poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Kerala]]
[[Category:Activists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]
[[Category:Writers from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:The Sanskrit College and University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Deaths by drowning in India]]
[[Category:Deaths due to shipwreck]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Scholars from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Poets from British India]]

Nannusire

2026-03-04T07:28:58Z

SabinaGuffey: Creating Page

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nannusire
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = Velu Priyan Santosh Suragimath
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Ashok
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Rahul Salanke|Rahul]]
*Gayathri
*Keerthi
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = [[Premji Amaren]]
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2008|10|30}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = ₹1.5 crore<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/making-a-show/articleshow/22371762.cms|title=Making a show|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=29 October 2008}}</ref>
| gross =
}}
'''''Nannusire''''' ({{translation|My breath}}) is a 2008 Indian [[Kannada]]-language romantic drama film directed by Velupriyan and Santosh Suragimath. The film stars newcomers [[Rahul Salanke|Rahul]], Gayathri, and Keerthi.

== Cast ==
*[[Rahul Salanke|Rahul]] as Abhishek
*Gayathri as Thanmayi
*Keerthi as Sahana
*[[Manish Borundia|Manish]] as Harsha
*[[H. G. Dattatreya|Dattanna]]
*[[Kishori Ballal]]

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Premji Amaren]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/nannusire-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1577462636|title=Nannusire (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|date=2008|work=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> In a music review, a critic wrote that "Premji’s Kannada debut is noticeably ahead of his Tamil soundtracks!"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://milliblog.com/2008/09/11/music-review-nannusire-kannada-premji-amaran/|title=Music review: Nannusire (Kannada – Premji Amaran)|work=milliblog}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 26:30
| title1 = Hesarina Melu Preeti
| extra1 = Rajesh Krupa, [[Nanditha (singer)|Nanditha]]
| length1 = 4:29
| title2 = Munjaane Suryananne
| extra2 = [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length2 = 3:49
| title3 = Nannusire Nannolagirvuarage
| extra3 = Naveen, [[Swetha Mohan|Swetha]]
| length3 = 4:27
| title4 = Neenu Nanagaagi
| extra4 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
| length4 = 5:02
| title5 = Ninagaagiye Ninagaagiye
| extra5 = Sri Ram, [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length5 = 4:17
| title6 = Sanje Beachinalli
| extra6 = Premji Amaren, [[Vasundhara Das]]
| length6 = 4:26
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote that "Nannusire turns out to be just another film by newcomers that could well not have been made".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/nannusire-out-of-breath/articleshow/22370021.cms|title=Nannusire: Out of breath|date=30 October 2008|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref> Film critic [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote that the film is "Just an ordinary fare".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/5960/kannada/nannusire/1893/review.htm|title=Nannusire Kannada Movie Review|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=Nowrunning|first=R. G.|last=Vijayasarthy|author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy|date=2 November 2008}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|14252662}}

[[Category:2008 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2008 Indian films]]

Naam (1986 film)

2026-03-03T23:58:39Z

SabinaGuffey: Creating A Article.

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Naam (1986).jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
| producer = [[Kumar Gaurav]]
| writer = [[Salim Khan]]
| starring = [[Nutan]] [[Kumar Gaurav]] [[Sanjay Dutt]] [[Poonam Dhillon]] [[Amrita Singh]] [[Paresh Rawal]]
| music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| cinematography = [[Pravin Bhatt]]
| editing = [[David Dhawan]]
| distributor = Aryan Films
| released = {{Film date|1986|09|12|df=y}}
| runtime = 170 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Naam''''' ({{Translation|Name}}) is a 1986 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[crime thriller film]] directed by [[Mahesh Bhatt]], starring [[Nutan]], [[Kumar Gaurav]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Poonam Dhillon]], [[Amrita Singh]] and [[Paresh Rawal]]. The film was a major commercial success and is regarded a milestone in the careers of [[Mahesh Bhatt]], [[Paresh Rawal]] and [[Sanjay Dutt]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/sanjay-dutt-1993-mumbai-blasts-naam-khalnayak-tada-156740-2013-03-21 |title=Darker shade of celluloid: Sanjay Dutt's films have echoed dark patches of his life |last=Srivastava |first=Priyanka |date=22 March 2013 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=25 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-11 |title=When Sanjay Dutt had said he can 'shed blood' for Kumar Gaurav: 'Love him immensely' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-shed-his-blood-for-kumar-gaurav-mahesh-bhatt-naam-movie-8012091/ |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Naam: The film Kumar Gaurav made for buddy Sanjay Dutt |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/naam-the-film-kumar-gaurav-made-for-buddy-sanjay-dutt/articleshow/44956266.cms |access-date=2023-02-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> "Chithi Aayi Hai" from the film was selected as one of the 100 songs of the millennium by [[BBC Radio]] worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saini |first=Kanika |date=2022-05-17 |title=When Pankaj Udhas Initially Refused To Sing 'Chitthi Aayi Hai' For Sanjay Dutt's Film 'Naam' |url=https://lehren.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-pankaj-udhas-initially-refused-to-sing-chitthi-aayi-hai-sanjay-dutt-film-naam/125730/ |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Latest Bollywood & Hollywood Entertainment, News, Celebrity Gossip, Lifestyle, Originals, Regional & COVID Updates {{!}} Lehren |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Plot==

Janki Kapoor and her two sons Ravi and Vicky come from a poor family and have difficulty making ends meet.

To add to this burden, the family has to consider the waywardness of Vicky, who is always getting into trouble with the law. Ravi, on the other hand, is a hard-working, responsible son who earns for the family, but also makes sacrifices for Vicky. Vicky is determined to get a job in [[Dubai]] as he has heard of thousands of Indians making a successful living there.

Ravi arranges for Vicky's visa and the money to go Dubai. Once in Dubai, the Kapoors receive no word from him. Vicky has encountered problems in Dubai, as he was cheated out of a job, and his visa was obtained fraudulently. In order to remain in Dubai, he must work for ruthless international smuggler Rana, and must earn his keep or be turned over to the authorities, which eventually leads to Vicky's death by Police with Ravi watching and brothers consoling each other while the film ends.

==Cast==
* [[Nutan]] as Janaki Kapoor
* [[Kumar Gaurav]] as Ravi Kapoor
* [[Sanjay Dutt]] as Vicky Kapoor
* [[Poonam Dhillon]] as Seema Rai
* [[Amrita Singh]] as Rita
* [[Paresh Rawal]] as Rana
* [[Rakesh Roshan]] as Himself (Guest appearance)
* [[Akash Khurana]] as Aftab Ahmed
* [[Ram Mohan]] as Babu Pakett
* [[Ashutosh Gowariker]] as Jai Singh Rao Kalewar, a taxi driver
* [[Mohan Sherry]] as Narayan
* [[Purnima (Hindi actress)|Purnima]] as Ravi and Vicky's grandmother
* [[Pankaj Udhas]] as Himself (Guest appearance in the song "Chiththi Aayi Hai")
*Gurbachan Singh as Narayan's man
* Ghanshyam Rohera as Mr. Ghanshyam
* Shehnaz Anand as Mrs. Neetu Ghanshyam
* Rita Rani Kaul as Mrs. Saira A. Ahmed

==Soundtrack==
The film's soundtrack was composed by [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]], with lyrics penned by [[Anand Bakshi]].<ref name=TheHindu>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nagme-kisse-baatein-yaadein-a-peek-into-anand-bakshis-life-and-lyrics/article34605876.ece|title=Nagme, Kisse, Baatein, Yaadein..{{endash}} A peek into the illustrious career of Anand Bakshi|newspaper=The Hindu newspaper|archive-date=30 August 2022|access-date=7 June 2024|author=Narendra Kusnur|date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830045429/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nagme-kisse-baatein-yaadein-a-peek-into-anand-bakshis-life-and-lyrics/article34605876.ece}}</ref>

* "Chithi Aayi Hai, Aayi Hai, Chitthi Aayi Hai" was listed at #12 on [[Binaca Geetmala|Binaca Geetmala annual list 1986]]
* "Ameeron Ki Shaam Gareebon Ke Naam" was listed at #26 on [[Binaca Geetmala|Binaca Geetmala annual list 1986]]
* "Tu Kal Chala Jayega" was listed at #35 on [[Binaca Geetmala|Binaca Geetmala annual list 1986]]

===Track listing===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer
!Ref
|-
| "Veriya Ve Kiya Kya Kasoor Maine"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Hungama |title=Naam |url=https://www.hungama.com/album/naam/1371065/ |language=en |access-date=2023-02-15}}</ref>
|-
| "Chithi Aayi Hai, Aayi Hai, Chitthi Aayi Hai"
| [[Pankaj Udhas]], [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| "Tu Kal Chala Jayega" (Duet)
| [[Manhar Udhas]], [[Mohammed Aziz]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| "Tu Kal Chala Jayega" (Solo)
| [[Mohammed Aziz]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| "Ameeron Ki Shaam Gareebon Ke Naam"
| [[Mohammed Aziz]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| "Tere Dil Ki Tu Jaane"
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|}

==Reception==

''Naam'' opened to critical acclaim for its storyline, Dutt's performance and music and emerged a superhit as well as one of the [[List of Hindi films of 1986|top-earning Hindi films of 1986]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sanjay Dutt had a hunger to prove himself in Naam: Mahesh Bhatt|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mahesh-bhatt-reveals-dilip-kumar-refused-sanjay-dutts-role-in-naam-during-money-negotiation-9525156/|date=22 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/TG-Classifications-1986-1.jpg|title=Trade Guide Classification (1986)}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It was Bhatt's return to commercial filmmaking after years of directing [[art-house]] films, such as ''[[Arth (1982 film)|Arth]]'' (1982) and ''[[Saaransh]]'' (1984).<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2017 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Sanjay Dutt and Alia Bhatt are NOT coming together for Naam sequel, confirms Mahesh Bhatt |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/375474/exclusive-sanjay-dutt-and-alia-bhatt-are-not-coming-together-naam-sequel |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109141743/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/375474/exclusive-sanjay-dutt-and-alia-bhatt-are-not-coming-together-naam-sequel |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0091598|title=Naam}}

{{Mahesh Bhatt}}

[[Category:1986 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1986 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:1980s crime action films]]
[[Category:1986 crime drama films]]
[[Category:1986 action drama films]]
[[Category:1986 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mahesh Bhatt]]
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
[[Category:1986 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Dubai]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:1980s masala films]]

Jaime Valfredo Rangel

2026-03-03T18:13:28Z

SabinaGuffey:

{{Short description|Portuguese medical practitioner and diplomat (1897–1959)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Jaime Valfredo Rangel
| image = Dr_Jaime_Portrait.jpg
| birth_name = Francisco Newton João Vicente da Piedade Jaime Valfredo Rangel
| birth_date = {{Birth date |1897|2|13|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bastora]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| caption = Rangel in 1943
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1959|7|6|1897|5|17|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore, Karnataka]], India
| residence =
| field = [[Medicine]], [[Portuguese literature]], [[politics]]
| work_institution =[[Goa Medical College|Escola Medico–Cirurgica de Goa]] Tipografia Rangel
| alma_mater = [[Goa Medical College|Escola Medico–Cirurgica de Goa]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Maria Filomena Frias Ferreira|1921-1959}}
| children = 7
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for =
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| prizes =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Francisco Newton João Vicente da Piedade Jaime Valfredo Rangel''' (13 February 1897 – 6 July 1959) was a [[Goan]] industrialist, medical practitioner, politician, a delegate to the [[International Labour Organization]] for [[Portuguese India]] and one of the main developers of [[Corjuem|Corjuem Island]].

Throughout the course of his career as the owner and director of Tipografia Rangel (Rangel Printing Press), Rangel was responsible for the publication of thousands of books important to [[Portuguese literature]] and [[Goan literature]] and publication of [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] newspaper O Independente and the archives of [[Goa Medical College]] (then known as the ''Arquivos da Escola Medico Cirurgica de Nova Goa'') for which he was the editor.<ref>[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/35656/14/14_appendices.pdf Unknown]{{Dead link | date=March 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Tipografia Rangel was one of the first private printing presses in [[Portuguese India]] and was a leader in the publishing of Portuguese literature in [[Portuguese India]] prior to the Indian [[annexation of Goa]] in 1961.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Couto|first=Maria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2QYYjT8-0BIC|title=Goa: A Daughter's Story|date=2004|page=370|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-303343-1}}</ref>

==Early life==
Jaime Valfredo Rangel was born in [[Bastora]], [[Bardes]], [[Portuguese Goa]] to [[Goan Catholic]] parents. He was the eldest son of the Vicente Joao Janin Rangel, founder of Tipografia Rangel, and Augusta Udobildes Correia Lobo e Rangel. His father, originally from [[Piedade, Goa]] moved to [[Bastora]], [[Goa]] and founded Tipografia Rangel in 1886.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Etching-its-name-on-the-pages-of-history/articleshow/43656243.cms|title=Etching its name on the pages of history | Goa News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=28 September 2014 }}</ref> Jaime excelled in languages and was a [[polyglot]] highly proficient in [[English language|English]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Latin]] and [[French language|French]]. He completed his matriculation from [[University of Bombay]] in 1915 and graduated as a medical doctor from [[Goa Medical College|Escola Medico–Cirurgica de Nova Goa]] (which subsequently became known as ''Goa Medical College'') in 1922 in [[Panaji|Panjim]] where he was the editor of the Arquivos da [[Goa Medical College|Escola Medico–Cirurgica de Nova Goa]] which he continued to publish even post the completion of his medical studies. Prior to completing his medical degree he was a teacher of [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] at Sacred Heart of Jesus in [[Parra, Goa]]. After completing his degree, he took his place as a director of the family business Tipografia Rangel.<ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/911710664/Goa-1961-the-Complete-Story-of-Nationalism-and-Integration</ref>

==Director of Tipografia Rangel==

[[File:Carlos_Eugenio_Ferreira.jpg|thumb| Hanv Saiba Poltoddi Voitam composed by Carlos Eugenio Ferreira Goa's most famous [[Dekhni]] song ]]

During Rangel's time as head of the publication house did his business and literature in [[Goa]] flourish. The Press published work in [[English language|English]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[French language|French]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]].
He took up responsibility of printing Boletim do Instituto Vasco da Gama and this was subsequently renamed as Boletim [[Institute Menezes Braganza|Instituto Menezes Braganza]], the bulletin of one of the premier institutions for cultural activities in [[Goa]] since the 19th century.
Rangel was also deeply involved in the scientific press of [[Portuguese India]] at the time publishing five periodicals in the medical field including the
Arquivos da [[Goa Medical College|Escola Medico–Cirurgica de Goa]] and that had been established by [[Froilano de Mello]] and Boletim Geral
De Medicina, an instruction for all doctors in [[Portuguese India]].
The publication house was one of the largest in [[Goa]] publishing a total of 17 periodicals at the time including O Independente and O Indespensavel that were also created and edited by the Rangel family.
His publications made him well known and his publication house synonymous for literature published in Goa at the time.
In 1926 Tipografia Rangel published ''Hanv Saiba Poltodi Vetam'' by Carlos Eugenio Ferreira, which would become one of the most famous [[Dekhni]] songs in Goa and be adapted by [[Raj Kapoor]] as ''Na mangoon sona chandi'' in his [[Hindi]] movie [[Bobby (1973 film)|Bobby]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.songs-from-goa.at/info12-deknni.html|title=Songs from Goa|website=www.songs-from-goa.at}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Reviving-Konkani-songs-for-the-future-generation/138195|title=Herald|website=www.heraldgoa.in|date=31 October 2018 }}</ref>
They continued to publish the work of this artist during his lifetime. Rangel also authored and published a book ''Imprensa em Goa'' in 1957 a description of the history and state of the media in [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese rule of Goa]] which continues to be used a reference for the state of the colonial media.<ref>{{Cite web| title=19th Century Periodicals of Portuguese India: An Assessment of Documentary Evidence and Indo-Portuguese Identity | author=Pendse, Liladhar Ramchandra | year=2013 | url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt9nm6x7j8/qt9nm6x7j8.pdf?t=n2h2ke | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205161805/https://escholarship.org/content/qt9nm6x7j8/qt9nm6x7j8.pdf?t=n2h2ke | archive-date=2023-12-05}}</ref>

[[File:Imprensa_Em_Goa.jpg|thumb|Jaime Valfredo Rangel's study on the colonial media in Goa]]

==Political career==
Rangel was elected as a [[councillor]] of the Municipal Council of [[Bardes]] in 1929 and appointed as the President of the [[council]] in April 1940, a position which he held till 1949. As President of the Municipal Council of [[Bardez]] Rangel took significant efforts for development and beautification projects at headquarters of the municipality [[Mapusa]] where he built roads and gardens including the first concrete road in [[Mapusa]] which is still active.
He also renovated the Asilo Hospital in [[Mapusa]] further granting the hospital an annual subsidy of Rs.6000 in order for the hospital to start functioning efficiently.
<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/new-lease-of-life-for-asilo/articleshow/62969845.cms|title=New lease of life for Asilo | Goa News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=18 February 2018 }}</ref>
He was subsequently appointed by [[Portuguese Government]] to be the representative to the [[International Labour Organization]] of [[Portugal]].
In this position he attended Asia International Labour Conferences in [[Bandung]] in 1950, [[Chennai]] in 1952, [[Tokyo]] in 1953, [[Bangkok]] in 1954, [[Rangoon]] in 1955 and [[Delhi]] in 1957 where he received an audience with the first [[President of India]], [[Rajendra Prasad|Dr Rajendra Prasad]].

==Personal life and charitable contributions==
Rangel was married to Maria Ana Filomena Frias Ferreira, the niece of Carlos Eugenio Ferreira from [[Corjuem]], [[Goa]] at the age of twenty four and had seven children. He died while on vacation in Bangalore on 6 July 1959.
[[File:Ferreiras at Corjuem.jpg|thumb|Ferreira family of Corjuem, including the father in law of Dr. Rangel, Jose Heliodoro and Carlos Eugenio]]Dr Rangel was a benefactor to many institutions and was a fervent supporter of education for women even donating property owned by him and his family to The Sisters of the Cross of Chavanod on which they started Holy Cross High School, [[Bastora]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akshay-sangodkar.blogspot.com/2011/04/holy-cross-high-school-bastora-to.html|title=Serene: Holy Cross High School, Bastora celebrates its Platinum Jubilee|first=Akshay|last=Sangodkar|date=12 April 2011}}</ref> Dr Rangel believed in the equality of all and uplifment of [[Scheduled Castes]] he donated three acres of his personal land for affordable housing which houses over a 200 people in [[Corjuem]], he also ensured employment and built a culture for uplifment of the community which his family continues to be a benefactor to and where his family continues to be the custodians to the 17th century Fort.<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/after-renovation-corjuem-fort-to-see-heritage-tourism/articleshow/100712746.cms</ref> He is well known for his work on medical records during the colonial period in India, which have been used subsequently as references for multiple publications about the History of Medicine in that region. Tipografia Rangel continues to be remembered one of the most well-known institutions for [[Portuguese Literature]] and [[Goan Literature]] in India during the colonial period.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.homestaysofindia.com/north-goa-bastora-homestay/|title=Bastora Homestay - North Goa|first=Homestays of|last=India|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927025939/https://www.homestaysofindia.com/north-goa-bastora-homestay/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
His son Dr Jose Rangel was a poet, author of ''Toada da Vida e Outros Poemas'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spanport.byu.edu/faculty/facultyinfo/Full-time/williams,frederick.html|title=Frederick Williams's Bio|website=spanport.byu.edu}}</ref> Founder Director of the Voicuntrao Dempo Centre for Indo-Portuguese Studies<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/luso_1257-0273_2000_num_7_1_1401|title=The Status of Portuguese Language and Some Other Cultural Aspects in Goa|author-link=Maria de Lourdes Bravo da Costa Rodrigues|first=Maria de Lourdes Bravo da Costa|last=Rodrigues|date=27 April 2000|journal=Lusotopie|volume=7|issue=1|pages=597–609|via=www.persee.fr}}</ref> named after co-founder of [[Dempo|Dempo Mining Corporation]] and [[Member of parliament|MP]] in [[Portuguese Parliament]], Voicuntrao Dempo and part of the executive committee of the [[United Goans Party]] as well as succeeding his father as Director of Tipografia Rangel.

== Selected Works Published by Tipografia Rangel ==
[[File:O Independente.jpg|thumb|O Independente published by Jaime Valfredo Rangel]]
* ''Independente (O) (1933-1945)''
* ''Boletim De Institute Vasco Da Gama (1926-1961)''
* ''Arquivos da Escola Medico Cirurgica de Nova Goa''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://goaprintingpress.gov.in/portuguese-reference-books-2/|title=Portuguese Reference Books – Government Printing Press & Stationery, Govt of Goa, India}}</ref>
* ''Agentes da diplomacia Portuguesa in India, with a preface and notes by Panduronga S. S. Pissurlencar. Bastora Tipografia Rangel, 1952.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://centrallibrary.goa.gov.in/official-correspondence|title=Official Correspondence and Documents|date=18 September 2017|website=centrallibrary.goa.gov.in}}</ref>
* ''Bosquejo histórico das comunidades, Felippe Neri Xavier (1903-1907)''<ref>{{Cite web| title=Bibliography | url=http://goatourism.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Bibliography.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331135754/http://goatourism.gov.in:80/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Bibliography.pdf | archive-date=2020-03-31}}</ref>
* ''Hanv Saiba Poltodi Vetam by Carlos Eugenio Ferreira (1926)''
* ''Etnografia da Índia Portuguesa by A.B de Braganca (1940)''
* ''Colaboradores hindús de Afonso de Albuquerque by Panduronga S. S. Pissurlencar (1941)''
* ''Armandbabache Don Mog: Konkani ani Goem by Manohar Sardessai (1984)''
* ''Gramática da lingua Concani by VJ Janin Rangel (1933)''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.isfas.uni-kiel.de/de/linguistik/forschung/projekte/southasiabibliography/bibliography/indo-european/konkani|title=Konkani|website=Institut für Skandinavistik, Frisistik und Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft}}</ref>
* ''A Imprensa em Goa by Jaime Rangel (1957)''<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.bocc.ubi.pt/pag/barros-eduardo-judas-comunicacao-no-mundo-lusofono-sintese-historica-da-imprensa-portuguesa-em-goa-india.pdf | title=Comunicação no mundo lusófono - Síntese histórica da imprensa portuguesa em Goa (Índia) | language=pt | trans-title=Communication in the Portuguese-speaking world - Historical summary of the Portuguese press in Goa (India) | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312152112/http://bocc.ubi.pt/pag/barros-eduardo-judas-comunicacao-no-mundo-lusofono-sintese-historica-da-imprensa-portuguesa-em-goa-india.pdf | archive-date=12 March 2020 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rangel, Jaime}}
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1959 deaths]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Goa]]
[[Category:Goan Catholics]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Portuguese diplomats]]
[[Category:Portuguese people of Goan descent]]

Khairthal

2026-03-03T04:20:08Z

SabinaGuffey:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Khairthal
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.8346|N|76.6388|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Khairthal-Tijara district|Khairthal-Tijara]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Khairthal [[Nagar Parishad]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 38,298
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]], ([[Mewati]])
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 301404
| registration_plate = RJ-02
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|RJ-IN]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Khairthal''' is a town and a administrative headquarters of [[Khairthal-Tijara district]] of [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Rajasthan]]. Previously it was part of the [[Alwar district]]. The town is at the northern end of the [[Aravalli Range]]. It is the part of [[Mewat]] region of Rajasthan. It has major industrial importance in Rajasthan because of its connectivity with [[Delhi]] and [[Jaipur]]. Khairthal also has one of the biggest grain markets in Rajasthan.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}} In 2000, the APMC Mandi was opened in Khairthal. Khairthal was founded by a community of Brahmins knows as Pushkarna Bhramin,{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} who were later joined by Sindhi and Vyasya communities.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} It is well known for milkcake, [[mustard oil]] and [[red onion]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800489-khairthal-rajasthan.html?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Khairthal had a population of 38,298, including 20,115 men and 18,183 women. Khairthal has an average literacy rate of 82.56%, higher than the state average of 66.11%: male literacy is 89.96%, and female literacy is 74.47%. 13.6% of the population is under the age of six.

==Market==
Khairthal has the APMC Mandi, which was established in 1965, and moved to a new location in 2000.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} The main produce includes wheat, pulses, mustard and cotton.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} Khairthal also has various oil mills.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}

==Transport==
Khairthal is well connected by both rail and road. It lies on the Delhi-Jaipur Railway, 130&nbsp;km from [[Delhi]]. Most trains on this route stop at Khairthal, including the Ashram Express, Malani Express, Pooja Express, Kathgodam Express, Katra Express, and Yoga Express.

The town is connected by road to [[National Highway 8 (India)|National Highway 8]], the Jaipur Delhi Expressway. Connecting points on the NH8 from Khairthal are Kotputli (via Bansoor) on the Jaipur side, and Dharuheda via [[Kishangarh Bas]] on the Delhi side. A New expressway (highway) project under construction from Paniyala to Barodameo, which is a part of Jammu to Mumbai expressway, is under construction and its going to connect Khairthal directly with Mumbai and Jammu corridor. The nearest airports are [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]], Delhi and [[Jaipur International Airport]].

==References==
{{reflist}}
* http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=80932
* https://web.archive.org/web/20090410002541/http://agmarknet.nic.in/profile/profile_online/displayformdetails.asp?mkt=256
* [https://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-OTH-MAT-latest-khairthal-news-035621-3057638-NOR.html bhaskar.com]

{{Alwar district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Alwar district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Khairthal-Tijara district]]

{{Jaipurdivision-geo-stub}}

Shree (film)

2026-03-02T10:02:06Z

SabinaGuffey: Adding the post more to come

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Shree
| image = Shree.Jpg
| caption = Official Poster
| director = Rajesh Bachchani
| producer = Vikram M. Shah
| writer = Rajesh Bachchani
| starring = [[Hussain Kuwajerwala]] [[Paresh Ganatra]] [[Anjali Patil]] Shivani Tanskale
| music = Talaash Band-The Band of Seekers Claver Menezes
| cinematography = [[Subhransu Das]]
| editing = Noor Memon
| released = {{Film date|2013|04|26|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Shree'''''<ref>{{cite news|title=Hussain Kuwajerwala makes his Bollywood debut with Shree|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/hussain-kuwajerwala-makes-his-bollywood-debut-with-shree|newspaper=Bollywood Life|date=4 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hussain Kuwajerwala is set to make his Bollywood debut with SHREE|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Hussain-Kuwajerwala-is-set-to-make-his-Bollywood-debut/Article1-1037376.aspx|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=4 April 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405180122/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Hussain-Kuwajerwala-is-set-to-make-his-Bollywood-debut/Article1-1037376.aspx|archivedate=5 April 2013}}</ref> ({{translation|Mister}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[science fiction]] [[thriller film]] directed by Rajesh Bachchani and produced by Vikram M. Shah. It stars [[Hussain Kuwajerwala]]. The film was released in India on 26 April 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/shree|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203201513/http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/shree|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2014|title=Boxoffice|date=3 February 2014}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Hussain Kuwajerwala]] as Shree,<ref>{{cite news|title=SHREE|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/590335|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404232656/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/590335|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 April 2013|newspaper=Bollywwod Hungama|date=4 April 2013}}</ref> an ordinary man
*[[Paresh Ganatra]] as Inspector Ganpath
*[[Anjali Patil]] as Sonu (Shree's love interest Anjuum)
*K C Shankar as Tilak
*[[Shivani Tanksale]] as Sheena
* Rio Kapadiya as Jairaj
* [[Raj Arjun]] as Krishna Kant Desai

==Critical reception==

The Times of India rated the film 3/5, writing "Songs take the film forward instead of simply adding to its length. Overall, Shree is a well-scripted thriller. Go for it."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/shree/movie-review/19707999.cms|title=Shree Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Shree by Times of India|work=The Times of India}}</ref> BollywoodMDB rated the film 3/5, writing that "With a great, unique and new story, Shree has huge potential to become attention-seeker among the audience. Though at a low level as compared to Hollywood Sci-Fi flicks, Shree makes a place for itself in the world of off-beat movies. In a nutshell, the film is definitely worth a watch."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodmdb.com/movies/reviews/shree/15367|title=Shree (2013) Review – BollywoodMDB|website=bollywoodmdb.com}}</ref> Martin D' Souza from Glamsham rated the film 3/5, writing "Nevertheless, if only for the first half, this film is worth a watch."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.glamsham.com/en/movie-review-shree|title=Shree Movie Review, Rating, Cast and Crew, Release Date|website=Glamsham}}</ref>

==Box office==

The film was made on a budget of ₹1,25,00,000 and was released on 100 screens. The film was a failure at the Box Office.{{fact|date=October 2024}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.shreethefilm.com/}}

[[Category:2010s science fiction thriller films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian time travel films]]
[[Category:2013 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2010s films about time travel]]

Raghunath Brahmbhatt

2026-02-27T07:38:47Z

SabinaGuffey: starting a article added tags

{{Short description|Indian writer (1892–1983)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Raghunath Brahmbhatt
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1892|12|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = Linch, [[Mehsana district|Mehsana]], British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1983|7|11|1892|12|13}}
| death_place = [[Nadiad]], Gujarat, India
| occupation = Poet, playwright
| spouse = {{marriage|Manibahen|1904}}
| children =
| relatives =
| website =
| signature =
}}
'''Raghunath Tribhuvandas Brahmbhatt''' (13 December 1892 {{endash}} 11 July 1983) was an Indian [[Gujarati language|Gujarati-language]] poet, playwright and lyricist, widely known in literary and theatre circles as '''Rasakavi''' (lit. "poet of [[Rasa (aesthetics)|rasa]]"). He was active during the early to mid-20th century and contributed significantly to [[Gujarati theatre]] and [[Gujarati cinema|cinema]].

==Early life==
Raghunath Brahmbhatt was born to Tribhuvandas and Mohiba on 13 December 1892 in Linch, a village in [[British India]] (now in [[Mehsana district]] of [[Gujarat]], India).<ref name="Guj Vishwakosh">{{cite web |title=બ્રહ્મભટ્ટ-રઘુનાથ |url=https://gujarativishwakosh.org/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F-%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%98%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A5/ |website=gujarativishwakosh.org |publisher=Gujarati Vishwakosh |access-date=13 April 2024 |archive-date=23 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423033346/https://gujarativishwakosh.org/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F-%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%98%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A5/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He completed his primary and higher secondary education till fifth grade at [[Nadiad]].<ref name="Guj Vishwakosh"/> He married Manibahen in 1904.<ref name="Guj Vishwakosh" />

In his early years, he worked in a hospital before turning to a career in theatre and literature.<ref name="Rekhta Gujarati">{{cite web |title=Biography |url=https://rekhtagujarati.org/poets/raghunath-brahmbhatt/profile |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=rekhtagujarati.org}}</ref> His interest in drama led him to write plays and songs that were later staged by several Gujarati theatre companies. At the age of 17, he started his playwright career in Gujarati theatre with the hit play ''Buddhadev'',<ref name="Guj Lexicon">{{cite web |title=જૂની ગુજરાતી રંગભૂમિનો ઇતિહાસ |url=https://www.gujaratilexicon.com/explore-gujarat/gujarati-film-natak/history-of-old-gujarati-theater/ |website=gujaratilexicon.com |publisher=Gujarati Lexicon |access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref> which was later staged by Arya Subodh Natak Mandali, a theatre troupe from [[Morbi]].<ref name="Guj Vishwakosh"/>

== Career ==
Brahmbhatt wrote more than twenty-five plays, many of which drew upon mythological and historical themes, while others were adaptations of contemporary novels.<ref name="Rekhta Gujarati"/> His works include ''Buddhadev'' (1914), based on [[Aśvaghoṣa|Ashwaghosha]]'s ''[[Buddhacharita]]''; ''Shringi Rishi'' (1914) inspired by [[Nanalal Dalpatram Kavi|Nhanalal]]'s ''Jaya-Jayant''; ''Ajatshatru''; ''Ashok''; ''Suryakumari'' (1916); ''Chhatravijay'' (1919); ''Ushakumari'' (1921); and ''Snehamudra'' (1926). He also adapted [[Govardhanram Tripathi|Govardhanram Tripathi's]] novel [[Saraswatichandra (novel)|''Saraswatichandra'']] for the stage.<ref name="Rekhta Gujarati"/><ref name="Guj Vishwakosh" />

In addition to plays, he composed more than a hundred songs for Gujarati theatre, many of which gained popularity with audiences.<ref name="Rekhta Gujarati"/><ref name="Guj Vishwakosh" /> His lyrical compositions were especially noted for their emphasis on ''[[Sringara|shringara]] rasa'' (the aesthetic of love and romance). His writing style combined classical Sanskrit dramaturgical elements with contemporary sensibilities, making his works accessible yet rooted in tradition.<ref name="nettv4u.com">{{cite web |title=Raghunath Brahmbhatt : Overview |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/gujarati/poet/raghunath-brahmbhatt |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=nettv4u.com}}</ref>

"''Saibo Maro Gulab no Chhod''" for play ''Hansakumari'' and "''Rasila Premi Na Haiya''" for play ''Shalivahan'' are among his popular songs.<ref name="Ekatra">{{cite web |title=સાહ્યબો |url=https://wiki.ekatrafoundation.org/wiki/અર્વાચીન_ગુજરાતી_કાવ્યસંપદા/રઘુનાથ_બ્રહ્મભટ્ટ_%27રસકવિ%27/સાહ્યબો |website=wiki.ekatrafoundation.org |access-date=14 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=10 October 2019 |title=જૂની રંગભૂમિના ગીતો |trans-title=Old theatre songs |url=https://www.gujaratilexicon.com/explore-gujarat/gujarati-film-natak/gujarati-song-from-old-gujarati-theater/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814174318/https://www.gujaratilexicon.com/explore-gujarat/gujarati-film-natak/gujarati-song-from-old-gujarati-theater/ |archive-date=14 August 2024 |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=Gujarati Lexicon}}</ref><ref name="Guj Vishwakosh" />

He wrote the song "[[Mohe Panghat Pe Nandlal Chhed Gayo Re]]"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Amanullah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dSEcAQAAIAAJ&q=Raghunath+Brahmbhatt |title=Mughal-e-azam |last2=Munni Kabir |first2=Nasreen |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195684964 |edition=First |pages=217 |access-date=14 August 2024}}</ref> for the Gujarati play ''Chhatra Vijay'' in 1920.<ref name="DNA2">{{cite news |last1=Mehta |first1=Rajshri |date=24 September 2015 |title=Mughal-e-Azam songwriter gets his due |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mughal-e-azam-songwriter-gets-his-due-10443 |access-date=30 June 2024 |work=DNA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Vegda |first1=Hemal |date=27 March 2023 |title=ક્યારે લખાયું હતું પહેલું ગુજરાતી નાટક? જાણો જૂની રંગભૂમિના ગીતો અને કેટલીક અજાણી વાતો |url=https://gujarati.news18.com/news/gujarat/world-theatre-day-when-was-the-first-gujarati-drama-written-here-is-old-theater-songs-and-unknown-facts-hv-1362783.html |access-date=30 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How Many Versions Of This Thumri Do You Know – Mohe Panghat Pe Nandlal |url=https://thesongpedia.com/many-versions-thumri-know-mohe-panghat-pe-nandlal |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=thesongpedia.com |date=4 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ramavat |first=Shishir |date=27 October 2013 |title=સંજય લીલા ભણસાલીની ક્રેડિટ-લીલા : મોરનો થનગાટ અને પનઘટ પર નંદલાલ |trans-title= |work= |location=Ahmedabad |language=gu}}</ref> It was performed live by master Mukund during the play's run in the theatre, and was also recorded by The Twins, a gramophone company. When the Hindi epic film ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'' directed by [[K. Asif]] was released in 1960, Brahmbhatt's song was used in the film, but credited to [[Shakeel Badayuni]]. A viewer informed the Pakistani daily [[Dawn (newspaper)|''Dawn'']] that the song had been copied.<ref name="DNA2" /> Brahmbhatt approached the director for copyright infringement and later filed a complaint with the [[Screenwriters Association|Film Writers' Association]] and received a compensation of Rs 11,000 as royalty.<ref name="DNA2" /><ref>{{cite news |author= |date= 1 December 1990 |title='मोहे पनघट पे...' के मामले मे भट्ट की शानदार विजय : 'मुघले आजम' के निर्देशक श्री आसिफ के प्रतिनिधि द्वारा कवि का आरोप स्वीकार |trans-title= Bhatt's resounding victory in the 'Mohe Panghat Pe...' case: Representative of 'Mughal-e-Azam' director Mr. Asif accepts the poet's allegation|location= Calcutta |publisher= Swapnalok : Illustrated Cine Hindi Weekly }}</ref> In 2004, Raj Brahmbhatt, grandson of Brahmbhatt, signed an agreement with the film's producer, [[Shapoorji Pallonji Group|Shapoorji Pallonji]]'s Sterling Investment Corporation Limited, which acknowledged and credited Raghunath Brahmbhatt as a lyricist on the covers of the [[home video]] released by the company.<ref name="DNA2" /> He was also acknowledged as the song's lyricist when the film was re-released in color on 12 October 2004.<ref name="DNA">{{cite news |last1=Mehta |first1=Rajshri |date=24 September 2015 |title=Mughal-e-Azam songwriter gets his due |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mughal-e-azam-songwriter-gets-his-due-10443 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630150929/https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mughal-e-azam-songwriter-gets-his-due-10443 |archive-date=30 June 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024}}</ref>

In 1944, Brahmbhatt was honoured in Mumbai by the Desi Natak Samaj for his contributions to Gujarati theatre.<ref name="Rekhta Gujarati" /><ref name="Guj Vishwakosh"/>

In 1955, he published ''Smaran-Manjari'', a memoir chronicling the growth of Gujarati theatre between 1910 and 1940.<ref name="Rekhta Gujarati" /> He had also written articles on the subjects of theatre.<ref name="Guj Vishwakosh" /><ref name="Rekhta Gujarati" /><ref name="nettv4u.com" /> His other literary works include : ''Prachin Bharatni Vibhutio'', a collection of biographical essays about prominent figures from ancient India;<ref>{{cite journal |date=1976 |title=Accessions List |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LCoLeNxVoiYC&q=રઘુનાથ+બ્રહ્મભટ્ટ |journal=Library of Congress Office. |volume=15 |issue=3 |access-date=29 April 2024}}</ref> ''Buddhadev: Trianki Natak;'' ''Devo, Rishio ane Pratapi Purusho'' and ''Suman Saurabh''.

He died on 11 July 1983 in Nadiad.<ref name="Guj Vishwakosh" /><ref name="Rekhta Gujarati" />

== Filmography ==
=== Hindi films ===
Brahmbhatt contributed to several Hindi films as a lyricist.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albums with Kavi Raghunath as Lyricist |url=https://myswar.co/lyricist/kavi-raghunath |website=myswar.co |access-date=17 September 2025}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* ''Do Deewane'' (1936)
* ''[[My Village|Mera Gaon]]'' (1942)
* ''[[Barat (film)|Baraat]]'' (1942)
* ''[[Ashirwad]]'' (1943)
* ''[[Bilwamangal|Bhakta Bilwamangal]]'' (1948)
* ''Rupsundari'' (1949)
* ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'' (1960)<ref name="DNA"/>
}}

=== Gujarati films ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* ''Sansar Leela'' (1934){{Sfn|Raghuvanshi|1995|p=2}}
* ''[[Do Diwane]]'' (1936)<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen1999">{{cite book|last1=Rajadhyaksha|first1=Ashish|last2=Willemen|first2=Paul|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja/page/266/mode/2up?q=Brahmbhatt|url-access=registration|accessdate=30 June 2024|year=1999|publisher=British Film Institute|page=1936 |isbn=978-0-85170-669-6 }}</ref>
* ''[[Jivan Palto]]'' (1948)<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Raghuvanshi |first=Harish |title=જીવનપલટો (1948) |url=https://gujarativishwakosh.org/%e0%aa%9c%e0%ab%80%e0%aa%b5%e0%aa%a8%e0%aa%aa%e0%aa%b2%e0%aa%9f%e0%ab%8b-1948/ |website=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]]|language=gu}}</ref>
}}

== Theater ==
Brahmbhatt wrote more than twenty-five [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] plays.<ref name="Rekhta Gujarati"/>
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* ''Buddhadev''<ref name="Guj Lexicon"/>
* ''Shrungi-Rishi'' (1914)
* ''Sooryakumari'' (1916)
* ''Chhatravijay'' (1919)
* ''Ushakumari'' (1921)
* ''Snehmudra'' (1926)
* ''Ajatshatru''
* ''Bhavi-prabalya''
* ''Ashok''
* ''Sarasvatichandra''
* ''Naveenyug''
* ''Anarkali''
* ''Lakshminarayan''
* ''Premvijay''
* ''Kalyanraj''
* ''Amarkirti''
* ''Sansarna Rang''
* ''Shrimant Bajirao''
}}

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{cite book|last1=Raghuvanshi|first1=Harish|title=Gujarati Film Geetkosh|year=1995|publisher=|language=gu|trans-title=Gujarati Film Song Directory}}

==External links==
* {{Gujarati Vishwakosh}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brahmbhatt, Raghunath}}
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:Gujarati theatre]]
[[Category:People from Nadiad]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian theatre people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Gujarat]]

Bagbati massacre

2026-02-24T17:28:18Z

SabinaGuffey: fixed issues

{{Short description|1971 mass killing of Bengali civilians by Pakistani soldiers and militias}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Bagbati massacre বাগবাটি গণহত্যা
| partof = [[Bangladesh genocide]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| map = {{Location map|Bangladesh|lat=24.54|long=89.62|caption=}}
| map_caption =
| location = Bagbati, Pabna, East Pakistan
| target = [[Bengali Hindus]]
| coordinates =
| date = 27 May 1971
| time =
| timezone = UTC+6:00
| type = [[Massacre]]
| fatalities = More than 200
| injuries =
| perps = [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]], [[Razakars (Bangladesh)|Razakars]], [[East Pakistan Central Peace Committee|Peace Committee]], [[Pakistan Army]]
| weapons = Rifles
| numparts =
}}

'''Bagbati massacre''' ({{langx|bn|বাগবাটি গণহত্যা}}) refers to the killings of more than 200 unarmed [[Bengali Hindu]]s by the [[Al Badar]], [[Pakistan Army]], [[Razakar (Pakistan)|Razakars]] and [[East Pakistan Central Peace Committee|Peace Committee]], in the Bagbati Union of [[Sirajganj District|Sirajganj]] sub-division in the erstwhile district of [[Pabna District|greater Pabna]] in May 1971.<ref name="gob">{{cite web|url=http://www.sirajganj.gov.bd/node/12809|script-title=bn:১৯৭১ গণহত্যায় শহীদ মুক্তিযুদ্ধাদের তালিকা|work=সিরাজগঞ্জ জেলা|publisher=Government of Bangladesh|language=Bengali|access-date=9 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924102641/http://www.sirajganj.gov.bd/node/12809|archive-date=24 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> After the massacre the bodies were buried or dumped in wells.

== Background ==
Bagbati Union was situated 14 km to the north west of Sirajganj sub-divisional headquarters. It is now under Sirajganj Sadar Upazila of [[Sirajganj District]]. When the Pakistan Army launched the Operation Searchlight and moved in to Sirajganj, hundreds of Bengali from Sirajganj and the surrounding areas took refuge in the villages of Bagbati, Harinagopal, Pipulberia and Dhaldob under Bagbati Union. A day before the massacre, a meeting was held at Ghorachara School between the Razakars and the Peace Committee.<ref name="ittefaq01122013">{{cite news|url=http://www.ittefaq.com.bd/index.php?ref=MjBfMTJfMDFfMTJfMV8xMl8xXzU2NA==|script-title=bn:গৌরবময় মুক্তিযুদ্ধ|last=Liton|first=Fazl-e-Khoda|date=1 December 2012|work=The Daily Ittefaq|location=Dhaka|language=Bengali|access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> At the meeting it was decided that more than 500 people of Bagbati, Haringopal and Alokdia would be eliminated.<ref name="ittefaq01122013"/>

== Killings ==
On the early morning of 27 May, in a joint operation the Pakistani army, [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al Badr]], [[Razakars (Bangladesh)|Razakars]] and the [[East Pakistan Central Peace Committee|Peace Committee]], surrounded the villages. The Al-Badr opened fire indiscriminately and killed more than two hundred people, mostly Bengali Hindus.<ref name="gob"/> Numerous residences were looted and set on fire by the Al-Badr, Razakars and the [[East Pakistan Central Peace Committee|Peace Committee]].<ref name="gob"/> The [[Pakistan Army]] raped the womenfolk.<ref name="gob"/> Days after the massacre, the survivors dumped the dead bodies in the wells of the deserted houses of the erstwhile landlords of Bagbati and Dhaldob.<ref name="gob"/>

== Commemoration ==
The victims of the massacre are remembered through memorial services every year.<ref name="hot">{{cite news|url=http://hotnews24bd.com/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4/ |script-title=bn:সিরাজগঞ্জের বাগবাটি গনহত্যা দিবস |work=hotnewsbd24.com |language=Bengali |access-date=10 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104020555/http://hotnews24bd.com/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4/ |archive-date=4 November 2013}}</ref> A few years back a small memorial was constructed in one of the wells where the victims bodies were dumped, in a joint initiative between the Bagbati Union Parishad and the locals.<ref name="hot"/> The locals have demanded the restoration of the mass killing site and the mass graves.<ref name="djk26052013">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyjugerkatha.com/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8/|script-title=bn:আজ বাগবাটি গণহত্যা দিবস|last=Sanchay|first=Sajirul Islam|date=26 May 2013|work=Daily Juger Katha|language=Bengali|access-date=10 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125241/http://www.dailyjugerkatha.com/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Demra massacre]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{1971 Bangladesh genocide|state=expanded}}

{{Coord|24.54|N|89.62|E|region:BD_type:event|display=title}}

[[Category:Massacres of Bengali Hindus in East Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pabna District]]
[[Category:Bangladesh genocide]]
[[Category:Persecution of Hindus by Muslims]]
[[Category:1971 mass shootings in Asia]]
[[Category:Massacres in 1971]]
[[Category:Mass shootings in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Massacres committed by Pakistan in East Pakistan]]
[[Category:May 1971 in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Looting in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Sexual violence in the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:Arson in 1971]]
[[Category:1970s fires in Asia]]
[[Category:Residential building arson attacks in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 1971]]

Phulchand Sethi

2026-02-09T06:09:11Z

SabinaGuffey: starting the article w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian writer}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox person
|notable_works = Founding father of Nagaland SD Jain Community
|honorific_prefix =
| name = Phulchand Sethi
| image = Phulchand Sethi.png
| caption =
| birth_date = November 1911
| birth_place = [[Kohima]], [[Nagaland]]
| education =
| spouse = Lada Devi Sethi
| children = 5 sons and 6 daughters
| death_date = 2 October 1976
| death_place = [[Dimapur]], Nagaland
}}
'''Phulchand Sethi''' (November 1911 – 2 October 1976) was a social worker, philanthropist and businessman from [[Dimapur]], [[Nagaland]] in Northeast India. He was amongst the first proponents of Jainism in Nagaland. He was awarded the Commendation Certificate by the Governor of Nagaland, [[Lallan Prasad Singh]], on 15 August 1975 for Social and Humanitarian activities.{{sfn|Sethi|2021|p=41}} In 1959, he established the Dimapur Chamber of Commerce. Sethi could speak many local dialects such as [[Angami language|Angami]], [[Sümi language|Sümi]], [[Lotha language|Lotha]], [[Kuki language|Kuki]], [[Meitei language|Manipuri]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]]. He died on 2 October 1976 in Dimapur.

==Early life and education==
Phulchand Sethi was born in November 1911, in Kohima, Nagaland to Hardev Sethi. He was schooled at Digambar Jain M. E. School (Kohima) in Nagahills, an institution of which he was later the secretary between 1928-1940.

Sethi married Lada Devi Sethi in 1935, a well-known personality of the [[Jain community]], and with her had five sons and six daughters. His sons and daughters have all held various important positions in the [[Digambar Jain Mahasabha]] and Jain Communities across India.{{sfn|Eastern Mirror|2014}}

Along with his family, Sethi left Kohima in 1944 due to Japanese invasion during World War II. They moved to Dimapur, Nagaland. His father along with his brothers had come from Chhapra, Rajsathan to Kohima in the 1880s. They were the first non-Naga settlers in Nagaland.{{sfn|The Morung Express|2021}}

==Career highlights==
Sethi successfully promoted and managed diversified businesses. He was the secretary of the Digambar Jain M. E. School (Kohima).{{sfn|Sethi|2021|p=17}} He was the President of the Kohima Marwari Sammelan and founded the Shree Digambar Jain Temple in Dimapur in 1944. He was the first Secretary (Maha Mantri) of Shree Digambar Jain Samaj Dimapur and continued in the post until 1976. He set up the Shree Digambar Jain School Dimapur in 1947 and also Dimapur Chamber of Commerce in 1959.{{sfn|Sethi|2021|p=26}} He founded the Jain Mahavir Charitable Hospital Dimapur in 1975, the first charitable hospital in Nagaland.{{sfn|Sethi|2021|p=42}} He also established the SD Jain Kirthi Stumbh in 1974, a very famous landmark in Dimapur. He was the first President of Multi-purpose Co-operative Society. He was also the founding Treasurer of Dimapur College of Arts & Commerce. He was the first Secretary of Durga Mandir Dimapur. He became the first non Naga nominated Member of Dimapur Town Committee in 1960. He was appointed Member of Railway Consultant Committee & Central Excise Advisory Committee by the government of India. He was also the Secretary of the first ever Jain Temple in Nagaland which was built in 1920 in Kohima.{{sfn|Nagaland Post|2021}}{{sfn|Sethi|2021|p=10}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Jain Hospital Board.jpeg|The names of the secretaries of the SD Jain Charitable Hospital in chronological order
Jain Temple Dimapur Donor's List.JPG|The Original list of Donor's of Jain Temple Dimapur
The Pedestal.jpg|The Pedestal of Statue of Ahimsa, Mangi Tungi
Shri Phulchand Sethi State Hospital.jpg|Shri Phulchand Sethi State Hospital Chhapra, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Bhagwan Vasupujya Pratima Champapur]]
*[[Jainism in Nagaland]]

== References ==
=== Citation ===
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{cite book | last=Sethi | first=Raj Kumar | url={{Google books|kio4EAAAQBAJ|pg=PP10|plainurl=yes}} | title=100 years of Jainism in Nagaland - (A journey from 1885 to 1985) | publisher=Walnut Publication | year=2021 | isbn=978-93-91522-04-9 }}
* {{cite news | author=Nagaland Post | url=http://www.nagalandpost.com/book-on-jainism-released/235284.html | title=Book on Jainism released | work=[[Nagaland Post]] | date=20 June 2021 | access-date=24 June 2021 | archive-date=27 June 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627220423/http://www.nagalandpost.com/book-on-jainism-released/235284.html | url-status=dead }}
* {{cite news | author=The Morung Express | url=https://morungexpress.com/kohima-jain-temple-marks-100th-year-with-book-release | work=[[The Morung Express]] | title=Kohima Jain Temple marks 100th year with book release | date=22 June 2021 }}
* {{cite news | author=Dainik Bhaskar | url = https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/sikar/jhunjhunu/news/bhamashahs-gave-financial-and-resources-help-for-expansion-of-facilities-in-chhapra-phc-128585402.html | title = सहायता:छापड़ा पीएचसी में सुविधाओं के विस्तार के लिए भामाशाहों ने दी आर्थिक व संसाधनों की मदद | work = [[Dainik Bhaskar]] | date = 12 June 2021 }}
* {{cite news | author = Eastern Mirror | url = http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/dimapur-jain-community-observes-paryushan/ | work = Eastern Mirror | title = Dimapur Jain Community Observes Paryushan | date = 9 September 2014 }}

== External links ==
*https://epaper.easternmirrornagaland.com/epaper/edition/381/eastern-mirror-june-21/page/3{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*https://web.archive.org/web/20160305090901/http://www.npjainmahasabha.com/pdf/06Jan2014_jaingazetteweekly.pdf
*http://m.newshunt.com/india/english-newspapers/nagaland-post/state-news/jain-community-celebrates-mahavir-jayanti_38090912
*https://morungexpress.com/nagaland-news-in-picture-08-june-2021
*https://issuu.com/nagalandpost90/docs/october_2__2020

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sethi, Phulchand}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1976 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Jain writers]]
[[Category:People from Kohima]]
[[Category:People from Dimapur]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Nagaland]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philanthropists]]

Lily Thomas

2026-02-08T09:23:31Z

SabinaGuffey: Creating New Post.

{{Short description|Indian lawyer (1927–2019)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Lily|Thomas}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lily Thomas
| birth_name = Lily Isabel Thomas<ref>{{cite web|url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/clist_bm/2012/bm_dl10062013.pdf|title=LIST OF BUSINESS FOR MONDAY THE 10th JUNE, 2013|publisher=SUPREME COURT OF INDIA|date=10 June 2013|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231416/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/clist_bm/2012/bm_dl10062013.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sci.nic.in/circular/aor_cc.pdf|title=ADVOCATE-ON-RECORD COMPUTER CODE|publisher=SUPREME COURT OF INDIA|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701181104/http://www.sci.nic.in/circular/aor_cc.pdf|archive-date=1 July 2014}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|03|05|df=yes}}<ref name="lilythomas">{{cite news|title=Lily Thomas And Saju Jakob Advocates And Solicitors|url=https://lilythomas.net/personal/|archive-date=7 Dec 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207163201/https://lilythomas.net/personal/}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]], [[Travancore|Kingdom of Travancore]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present day [[Kerala]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|12|10|1928|03|05|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Delhi]], India
| occupation = Lawyer
| known for = Co-petitioner in [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]] case
| alma_mater = [[University of Madras]]
| education = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Master of Laws]]|[[Bachelor of Laws]]|[[Bachelor of Science]]}}
| parents = {{Unbulleted_list|Adv. K. T. Thomas|Annamma}}
}}

'''Lily Isabel Thomas''' (5 March 1928 – 10 December 2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/senior-most-woman-lawyer-of-supreme-court-adv-lily-thomas-passes-away-150639|title=Adv Lily Thomas, Senior Most Woman Lawyer Of SC, Passes Away|last=LIVELAW NEWS NETWORK|date=10 December 2019|website=livelaw.in|access-date=15 December 2019|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210160353/https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/senior-most-woman-lawyer-of-supreme-court-adv-lily-thomas-passes-away-150639|url-status=live}}</ref> was an Indian lawyer who initiated improvement and change to existing laws by filing petitions in the [[Supreme Court of India]] and regional courts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/cover-story/disqualification-issues/article6460717.ece|title=Disqualification issues|publisher=FRONTLINE|date=17 October 2014|access-date=5 October 2014|archive-date=19 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319131647/https://frontline.thehindu.com/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1791040/|title=Lily Thomas vs State Of Tamil Nadu|publisher=INDIANKANOON|date=23 August 1984|access-date=5 October 2014|archive-date=7 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107175626/http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1791040/|url-status=live}}</ref> Her petitions resulted in changes to laws to prevent convicted politicians getting elected,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/conviction-will-attract-instant-disqualification-legal-experts/article6436598.ece|title=Conviction will attract instant disqualification: legal experts|work=THE HINDU|date=23 September 2014|access-date=5 October 2014|archive-date=12 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312022714/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/conviction-will-attract-instant-disqualification-legal-experts/article6436598.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> the addition of a new marriage law<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/28/stories/0228000p.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141005005035/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/28/stories/0228000p.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 October 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=SC notice to Centre in polygamy case|date=28 July 2001}}</ref> and protections for parliamentarians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Moved-by-Speakers-plight-advocate-seeks-protection-for-him/articleshow/3637763.cms|title=Moved by Speaker's plight, advocate seeks protection for him|work=The Times of India|date=25 October 2008|access-date=5 October 2014|archive-date=14 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314033506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Moved-by-Speakers-plight-advocate-seeks-protection-for-him/articleshow/3637763.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> She was hailed most notably for petitioning to amend the [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/mps-mlas-will-be-disqualified-from-date-of-conviction-sc_861316.html|title=MPs, MLAs will be disqualified from date of conviction: SC|publisher=ZEENEWS|date=10 July 2013|access-date=5 October 2014|archive-date=7 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107161452/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/mps-mlas-will-be-disqualified-from-date-of-conviction-sc_861316.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="LIVE LAW .IN">{{cite web|url=http://www.livelaw.in/the-court-does-not-have-the-power-to-subject-advocates-to-aor-exam-conversation-with-advocate-lily-thomas/|title=The Court does not have the power to subject Advocates to AOR exam – Conversation with Advocate Lily Thomas|publisher=LIVE LAW .IN|date=15 July 2013|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-date=7 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107171608/http://www.livelaw.in/the-court-does-not-have-the-power-to-subject-advocates-to-aor-exam-conversation-with-advocate-lily-thomas/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life==
Lily hailed from [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]] and grew up in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. She had joined [[Madras High Court]] in 1955,<ref name="THE TIMES OF INDIA">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Meet-Lily-Thomas-the-lady-behind-clipping-of-wings-of-convicted-politicians/articleshow/43970969.cms|title=Meet Lily Thomas the lady behind clipping of wings of convicted politicians|work=The Times of India|date=1 October 2014|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=3 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003105612/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Meet-Lily-Thomas-the-lady-behind-clipping-of-wings-of-convicted-politicians/articleshow/43970969.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> under which she studied the [[Master of Laws#India|LL.M.]] course which was completed in 1959.<ref name="Lily Thomas vs the Union of India">{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=56084|title=Lily Thomas vs the Union of India|publisher=millenniumpost|date=6 April 2014|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109223617/http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=56084|archive-date=9 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lily belongs to the first generation of women lawyers in India and she was the first woman to complete the LL.M. course from the [[University of Madras]].<ref name="governancenow.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.governancenow.com/news/regular-story/lily-thomas-vs-union-india|title=Lily Thomas vs the Union of India|publisher=GOVERNANCE NOW|date=4 April 2014|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-date=7 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407040550/http://governancenow.com/news/regular-story/lily-thomas-vs-union-india|url-status=live}}</ref>

After obtaining a law degree from Madras University, she started her practice in the [[Madras High Court]]. She was the first lady in India to qualify for an LL.M. degree.<ref name="BB" /> In 1960, she moved to [[Delhi]] to do a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] but discovered that she was not really cut out for academia. "I realised that I was not competent to do research," she admitted, "so I started practising in the Supreme Court".<ref name="BB">{{Cite journal| last = Saluja| first = Pallavi| title = 'To have criminals as politicians is an insult to our parliamentary system'– Lily Thomas| journal = Bar & Bench| publisher = barandbench.com| date = 17 July 2013| url = http://www.barandbench.com/content/%E2%80%9C-have-criminals-politicians-insult-our-parliamentary-system%E2%80%9D%E2%80%93-lily-thomas#.Ue-28I3EKSp| archive-url = https://archive.today/20131004211533/http://www.barandbench.com/content/%E2%80%9C-have-criminals-politicians-insult-our-parliamentary-system%E2%80%9D%E2%80%93-lily-thomas%23.Ue-28I3EKSp| archive-date = 4 October 2013| url-status = dead| access-date = 24 July 2013}}</ref>

Lily was once senior most woman lawyer in the Supreme Court of India, when she had joined it in 1960.<ref name="financialexpressthomas">{{cite news |title=Who was Lily Thomas? Supreme Court lawyer whose fight ended reign of convicted politicians in elections|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/who-was-lily-thomas-supreme-court-lawyer-whose-fight-ended-reign-of-convicted-politicians-in-elections/1789468/|date=10 Dec 2019|archive-date=13 Sep 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913181352/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/who-was-lily-thomas-supreme-court-lawyer-whose-fight-ended-reign-of-convicted-politicians-in-elections/1789468/|work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]}}</ref>

==Career==
Lily Thomas had joined the [[Supreme Court of India]] in 1960.<ref name="Lily Thomas vs the Union of India"/> She dropped out of [[Doctor of Law|doctorate in law]] after coming to [[Delhi]] and started working where her brother John Thomas was already practising.<ref name="governancenow.com"/> Lily filed petitions since 1964 on different issues such as the validity of 'Advocate-on-Record Examination',<ref name="governancenow.com"/> sorting out issues of railway employees and case on conversion to [[Islam]] for the express purpose of entering into a second marriage in 2000.<ref name="THE TIMES OF INDIA"/><ref name="Lily Thomas vs the Union of India"/> Thomas worked on constitutional law, women's rights and issues of personal liberty.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/the-nation/the-judgment-will-create-awareness/article4944713.ece|title=The judgment will create awareness|publisher=FRONTLINE|date=9 August 2013|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=18 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118155400/http://www.frontline.in/the-nation/the-judgment-will-create-awareness/article4944713.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Lily was an advocate in ''OLD LAWYERS CHAMBERS BLOCKS''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/circular/old_lawyers_chambers.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=4 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053904/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/circular/old_lawyers_chambers.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Lily was first known for petitioning in 1952 in the Supreme Court to amend the [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]] in order to get declared ''Section 8(4)'' of the act as unconstitutional, eventually which was rejected by the Court then.<ref name="financialexpressthomas" />

In 2013, at the age of 85, she won a landmark judgement under which [[Member of Parliament (India)|members]] of [[Parliament of India|India's Parliament]] and [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|members]] of [[State legislative assemblies of India|state legislative bodies]], convicted of a crime or in jail, became ineligible to run for elections or hold an elected seat. Prior to this judgment, members of Parliament who were convicted but had filed an appeal could go about their regular business, including being elected and holding seats.

Lily Thomas, along with Adv. Satya Narain Shukla had filed a [[Writ]] petition in the apex court in 2005, challenging a provision of the Representation of the People Act which protects convicted lawmakers against disqualification on the grounds of pendency of appeal against their conviction in the higher courts. On 10 July 2013, a bench of justices A. K. Patnaik and S. J. Mukhopadhaya held that, "The only question is about the vires of section 8(4) of the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 and we hold that it is ultra vires and that the disqualification takes place from the date of conviction."<ref name="nIE">{{Cite journal | title = MPs, MLAs will be disqualified on date of conviction: SC | journal = The New Indian Express | publisher = RPG Group, India | date = 13 July 2013 | url = http://newindianexpress.com/nation/MPs-MLAs-will-be-disqualified-on-date-of-conviction-SC/2013/07/10/article1676988.ece | access-date = 24 July 2013 | archive-date = 13 July 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130713075132/http://newindianexpress.com/nation/MPs-MLAs-will-be-disqualified-on-date-of-conviction-SC/2013/07/10/article1676988.ece | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Validity of "Advocate on Record" system===

{{Further|Advocate-on-Record|Three Judges Cases}}

Lily was one of the first lawyers to file a petition in the Supreme Court challenging the validity of the 'Advocate on Record' system on 14 January 1964.<ref name="Lily Thomas vs the Union of India"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiankanoon.in/doc/1617089/|title=Lily Isabel Thomas vs Unknown|publisher=INDIANKANOON|date=14 January 1964|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-date=9 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109231140/http://indiankanoon.in/doc/1617089/|url-status=live}}</ref> Under this system, only those advocates who have passed the AOR exam are eligible to file petitions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-to-examine-legality-of-aor-system/article3821554.ece|title=Supreme Court to examine legality of AOR system|work=THE HINDU|date=25 August 2012}}</ref> Lily believed that 'Section 30' under Part IV of the [[Advocates Act, 1961]] mentions that all advocates have the right to practise in all courts including the Supreme Court in India and no restriction should be imposed for passing an exam and 'Section 16' differentiates lawyers into Advocates and Senior Advocates.<ref name="LIVE LAW .IN"/> The issue of AOR was challenged and debated multiple times,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article1476575.ece|title=SC notice on categorising advocates|work=The New Indian Express|date=24 February 2013|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-date=8 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108093727/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article1476575.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130227/jsp/nation/story_16610862.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109230305/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130227/jsp/nation/story_16610862.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 November 2014|title=Petition lawyer case at SC door|publisher=THE TELEGRAPH|date=27 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Advocate-on-record-system-turning-into-a-scam-says-SC/articleshow/21987236.cms|title=Advocate-on-record system turning into a scam, says SC|work=The Times of India|date=23 August 2013|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-date=27 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427184223/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Advocate-on-record-system-turning-into-a-scam-says-SC/articleshow/21987236.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> on 16 October 2015 the Supreme Court struck down [[National Judicial Appointments Commission|NJAC]] meant to replace the AOR, as unconstitutional and upheld the collegium system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/supreme-court-to-rule-today-whether-njac-is-constitutionally-valid_1810742.html|title=Supreme Court strikes down NJAC Act; collegium system of appointing judges to continue|publisher=ZEE NEWS|date=16 October 2015|access-date=16 October 2015|archive-date=17 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017230034/http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/supreme-court-to-rule-today-whether-njac-is-constitutionally-valid_1810742.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Petition on Stopping Conversion for Bigamy===
Lily had filed the petition in the Supreme Court on status of the earlier marriage regarding a case when a non-Muslim gets converted to the 'Muslim' faith without any real change or belief without divorcing first wife.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/80351/|title=Lily Thomas, Etc. Etc. vs Union Of India & Ors|publisher=INDIANKANOON|date=5 April 2000|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-date=21 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121194057/http://indiankanoon.org/doc/80351/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Court after hearing similar petitions declared the practice of remarrying as null and void unless the first marriage is dissolved.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Objection-Sustained/286853|title=Objection Sustained|publisher=OUTLOOK|date=22 July 2013}}</ref> The [[Law Commission of India|Law Commission]] sent the recommendation to the [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Law Ministry]] amending [[Hindu Marriage Act|Hindu Marriage Act, 1955]] to stop the illegal practice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/report227.pdf|title=Preventing Bigamy via Conversion to Islam – A Proposal for giving Statutory Effect to Supreme Court Rulings|publisher=LAW COMMISSION OF INDIA|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-date=6 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906075322/http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/report227.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Law-needed-to-stop-men-from-converting-for-bigamy/articleshow/4861634.cms|title=Law needed to stop men from converting for bigamy|work=The Times of India|date=6 August 2009|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-date=7 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107044802/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Law-needed-to-stop-men-from-converting-for-bigamy/articleshow/4861634.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Striking down a provision of the Representation of the People Act===

{{Further| Disqualification of convicted representatives in India}}

Lily along with [[Lucknow]]-based [[Indian NGOs|NGO]] Lok Prahari<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/sc-judgement-on-mps-mlas-who-are-the-petitioners-lok-prahari-945891.html|title=SC judgement on MPs, MLAs: Who are the petitioners Lok Prahari?|publisher=FIRSTPOST INDIA|date=10 July 2013|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-date=7 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407104306/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/sc-judgement-on-mps-mlas-who-are-the-petitioners-lok-prahari-945891.html|url-status=live}}</ref> were the petitioners in the case when the Supreme Court had struck down Section 8(4) of the [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]] to disqualify a legislator immediately when convicted for two or more years' prison.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=40545|title=CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 490 OF 2005|publisher=SUPREME COURT OF INDIA|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=9 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109233423/http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=40545|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/supreme-court-mps-mlas-to-be-disqualified-as-soon-as-they-are-convicted/1140184/0|title=Supreme Court: MPs, MLAs to be disqualified as soon as they are convicted|work=The Indian Express|date=10 July 2013|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=3 October 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141003150141/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/supreme-court-mps-mlas-to-be-disqualified-as-soon-as-they-are-convicted/1140184/0|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mps-mlas-to-be-disqualified-on-date-of-criminal-conviction/article4901596.ece|title=MPs, MLAs to be disqualified on date of criminal conviction|work=THE HINDU|date=10 July 2013|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223162205/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mps-mlas-to-be-disqualified-on-date-of-criminal-conviction/article4901596.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> When the [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] government had prepared an ordinance to nullify the judgment,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Bill-for-no-immediate-disqualification-of-convicted-MPs-MLAs/2013/08/30/article1759870.ece|title=Bill for no immediate disqualification of convicted MPs, MLAs|work=The New Indian Express|date=30 August 2013|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=21 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021093923/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Bill-for-no-immediate-disqualification-of-convicted-MPs-MLAs/2013/08/30/article1759870.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130924/jsp/frontpage/story_17387140.jsp#.VC69Hx-jk8o|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927101304/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130924/jsp/frontpage/story_17387140.jsp#.VC69Hx-jk8o|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 September 2013|title=Cabinet clears Ordinance to bypass Supreme Court order against convicted lawmakers|publisher=THE TELEGRAPH| date=24 September 2013}}</ref> Lily made a review petition against the ordinance, the government had later withdrawn the ordinance route after severe criticism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20131003/main1.htm|title=Govt withdraws ordinance, Bill on lawmakers|work=THE TRIBUNE|date=2 October 2013|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=3 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203092147/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20131003/main1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/cabinet-unanimously-withdraws-ordinance-on-convicted-lawmakers-426870|title=Cabinet 'unanimously' withdraws ordinance on convicted lawmakers|publisher=NDTV|date=3 October 2013|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=6 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006155442/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/cabinet-unanimously-withdraws-ordinance-on-convicted-lawmakers-426870|url-status=live}}</ref> She had got help from other experts, including [[Fali Sam Nariman]] in the case.<ref name="THE TIMES OF INDIA"/> Lily's petition was accepted the third time after successive rejections.<ref name="Lily Thomas vs the Union of India"/> The law had far reaching effect when influential politicians such as then [[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu Chief Minister]] [[Jayalalithaa]],<ref name="THE TIMES OF INDIA"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/jayalalithaa-sentenced-to-four-years-in-jail-fined-rs-100-crore/article6452659.ece|title=Jayalalithaa sentenced to four years in jail, fined Rs. 100 crore|work=THE HINDU|date=27 September 2014|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=29 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929212407/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/jayalalithaa-sentenced-to-four-years-in-jail-fined-rs-100-crore/article6452659.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/tamil-nadu-new-chief-minister-o-panneerselvam-jayalalithaa-301357-2014-09-29|title=O Panneerselvam takes oath as Tamil Nadu's 28th Chief Minister|work=India Today|date=29 September 2014|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=1 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001232648/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/tamil-nadu-new-chief-minister-o-panneerselvam-jayalalithaa/1/393300.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rasheed Masood]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Convicted-Congress-MP-Rasheed-Masood-disqualified-from-Rajya-Sabha/articleshow/24484085.cms|title=Convicted Congress MP Rasheed Masood disqualified from Rajya Sabha|work=The Times of India|date=21 October 2013|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=21 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021182454/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Convicted-Congress-MP-Rasheed-Masood-disqualified-from-Rajya-Sabha/articleshow/24484085.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Lalu Prasad]] were disqualified.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/fodder-scam-lalu-yadav-jagdish-sharma-disqualified-from-lok-sabha_884900.html|title=Fodder scam: Lalu Yadav, Jagdish Sharma disqualified from Lok Sabha|publisher=ZEE NEWS|date=22 October 2013|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=7 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207032551/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/fodder-scam-lalu-yadav-jagdish-sharma-disqualified-from-lok-sabha_884900.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Another disqualification case of sitting M.P. [[Rahul Gandhi]] in Mar 2023 was seen due to the same act applied.<ref>{{cite news |title=What is the Lily Thomas SC verdict, which affects Rahul Gandhi's disqualification case|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/what-is-the-lily-thomas-rahul-gandhi-8515037/|date=24 Mar 2023|archive-date=23 Mar 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323132159/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/what-is-the-lily-thomas-rahul-gandhi-8515037/
|work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Explained: The Lily Thomas case that changed the disqualification law for convicted MPs or MLAs
|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/explained-the-lily-thomas-case-that-changed-the-disqualification-law-for-convicted-mps-or-mlas-1203102.html
|date=24 Mar 2023|archive-date=25 Mar 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210736/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/explained-the-lily-thomas-case-that-changed-the-disqualification-law-for-convicted-mps-or-mlas-1203102.html
|work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

The judgements were largely seen to cleanse politics from criminalization.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/cover-story/activist-verdicts/article5229019.ece|title=Activist verdicts|publisher=FRONTLINE|date=1 November 2013|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105014736/http://www.frontline.in/cover-story/activist-verdicts/article5229019.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Other notable cases===
* Lily Thomas vs State Of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/451532/|title=Lily Thomas vs State Of Tamil Nadu|publisher=INDIANKANOON|date=4 July 1985|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062844/http://indiankanoon.org/doc/451532/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Lily Thomas (Ms), Advocate vs Speaker, Lok Sabha And Ors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiankanoon.in/doc/1867182/|title=Lily Thomas (Ms), Advocate vs Speaker, Lok Sabha And Ors|publisher=INDIANKANOON|date=24 August 1993}}</ref>
* Ms. Lily Thomas vs State Of Maharashtra And Ors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1718114/|title=Ms. Lily Thomas vs State Of Maharashtra And Ors|publisher=INDIANKANOON|date=28 April 2005|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-date=19 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319122406/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1718114/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Lily Thomas vs Union Of India (Uoi).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiankanoon.in/doc/475982/|title=Lily Thomas vs Union Of India|publisher=INDIANKANOON|date=26 September 2007}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Lily believed it is the responsibility of the lawyers to fight through petitions to improve the existing laws<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inextlive.com/lily-thomas-and-rpa-in-supreme-court-201307160016|title=लिली थॉमस: उम्र 85 फिर भी डाली हर नेता की जान सांसत में|publisher=INEXT LIVE|date=16 July 2013|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-date=19 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319122407/https://www.inextlive.com/lily-thomas-and-rpa-in-supreme-court-201307160016|url-status=live}}</ref> and having criminals as politicians is an insult to the parliamentary system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://barandbench.com/content/212/%E2%80%9C-have-criminals-politicians-insult-our-parliamentary-system%E2%80%9D%E2%80%93-lily-thomas|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141004181332/http://barandbench.com/content/212/%E2%80%9C-have-criminals-politicians-insult-our-parliamentary-system%E2%80%9D%E2%80%93-lily-thomas%23.VDA3CmeSypR|archive-date=4 October 2014|url-status=dead|title="To have criminals as politicians is an insult to our parliamentary system"-Lily Thomas|publisher=Bar & Bench|date=17 July 2013}}</ref> Lily had considered her father who was also an advocate, her hero. At an old age, she went to the court every day and worked for 8–10 hours. Lily preferred reading [[Mills & Boon]] and having knowledge of [[Bible]] and ''[[Vishnu Sahasranama]]''.<ref name="THE TIMES OF INDIA"/> She was a practising [[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/legal-eagle-who-launched-crusade-against-tainted-legislators-113071300624_1.html|title=Legal eagle who launched crusade against 'tainted' legislators|work=Business Standard|date=13 July 2013|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-date=22 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722232254/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/legal-eagle-who-launched-crusade-against-tainted-legislators-113071300624_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lily remained unmarried.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lily Thomas: The woman behind disqualification law on convicted politicians|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/lily-thomas-the-woman-behind-disqualification-law-on-convicted-politicians-1203757.html
|date=26 Mar 2023|archive-date=27 Mar 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327053827/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/lily-thomas-the-woman-behind-disqualification-law-on-convicted-politicians-1203757.html|work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

On 10 December 2019, Lily Thomas had died at the age of 91 in [[Delhi]] at a private hospital.<ref name="financialexpressthomas" /><ref name="livellawthomas">{{cite news |title=Memorial Lecture Held In Remembrance of Advocate Lily Thomas|url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/memorial-lecture-held-in-remembrance-of-advocate-lily-thomas-216564|date=13 Dec 2022|archive-date=19 Mar 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319111629/https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/memorial-lecture-held-in-remembrance-of-advocate-lily-thomas-216564|work=Live Law}}</ref>

Adv. Saju Jakob is carrying forward the legacy of Adv. Lily Thomas through his law office namely ''Office of Lily Thomas and Saju Jakob'', which has already conducted various Lily Thomas Memorial Lectures and Essay Writing Competitions.<ref name="lilythomas" />

On 12 December 2022, the Supreme Court Women Lawyers Association including the office of ''Lily Thomas & Saju Jakob'' had organised a memorial in memory of Lily.

The event was being attended by judges [[Mukesh Shah|M. R. Shah]] and [[C. T. Ravikumar]]. The then [[Attorney General for India]] [[R. Venkataramani]] was the notable speaker for the memorial meeting. Other important attendees were advocate [[Pravin H. Parekh]] who is the president of ''ISIL & Confederation of Indian Bar'', and advocate Pradeep Rai, vice-president of [[Supreme Court Bar Association (India)|SCBA]].<ref name="livellawthomas" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://indiankanoon.org/search/?formInput=lily%20thomas Cases] filed by Lily Thomas at ''Indian Kanoon''
* [http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=40545 Detailed Judgement] on ''Representation of the People Act'' Case

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, Lily}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Saint Thomas Christians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women lawyers]]
[[Category:People from Kottayam]]

Bankot village

2026-02-06T13:57:43Z

SabinaGuffey: creating basic place first draft...

{{Orphan|date=November 2022}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bankot Village
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.719113431363777|N|77.09843025340123|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sehore district|Sehore]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
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| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
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| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 466331
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07563
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP 37]]
| blank_name_sec1 =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bankot Village''' is a town and a [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]] in [[Sehore district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Bakot Village is a major agricultural production area in [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Earlier.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://atithi.mppolice.gov.in/index.php?c=police-stations&page=25 | title = udainagar police station phone number | date = 10 November 2019 | newspaper = madhya pradesh Police | archive-date = 30 November 2021 | access-date = 11 December 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211130184313/http://atithi.mppolice.gov.in/index.php?c=police-stations&page=25 | url-status = dead }}</ref>{{As of|2001}} India census,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bhopal Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Sehore district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Sehore district]]

{{Bhopal-geo-stub}}

V. N. Anoop Kumar

2026-01-18T23:15:03Z

SabinaGuffey: Adding the biography v1

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = V. N. Anoop Kumar
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[India]]
| birth_name =
| occupation = [[Actor]]
| years_active = 2006–2014
| other_names = Anup Tej (in Telugu)<ref name="H2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/yamini-chandrasekhar-the-mystery-deepens/article5668066.ece|title=Yamini Chandrasekhar: The mystery deepens|date=8 February 2014|first=M. L.|last=Narasimham|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003154442/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/yamini-chandrasekhar-the-mystery-deepens/article5668066.ece|archive-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>
}}

'''V. N. Anoop Kumar''' is a former Indian actor who has appeared in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films. He made his debut in the 2006 film, ''[[Vattaram]]'' directed by [[Saran (director)|Saran]].<ref name="B">{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/oct-08-02/anoop-11-10-08.html |title=Six years with Swingers - Behindwoods.com - Kathikappal hero Anoop Vijayawada Chennai Vattaram Adisaya Teja P C Sreeram tamil movie news hot images picture gallery |publisher=Behindwoods.com |accessdate=5 September 2013}}</ref>

==Career==
Anoop is the grandson of Telugu film director [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]]. He is originally from [[Vijayawada]] and grew up in Chennai.<ref name="B"/> He learned dance at The Swingers in Chennai and also taught there.<ref name="H"/> Director [[Saran (director)|Saran]] launched Anoop in the Tamil film ''[[Vattaram]]'', where he played a character role in love with [[Vasundhara Kashyap]]'s character.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Kalki|language=ta|url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-11-19/page/38/mode/2up|page=38|access-date=8 April 2024|date=19 November 2006|title=அடையாளம்!}}</ref> Thereafter, Anoop produced a film, ''[[Kathi Kappal]]'', in which he played the lead role. The film, which featured him alongside [[Meera Vasudevan]], won poor reviews with a critic noting "after a point, his scruffy face makes you want to shake him out of misery".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/oct/10ssk1.htm|title=Review: Kathikappal - Rediff.com movies |publisher=Inhome.rediff.com |date=10 October 2008 |accessdate=5 September 2013}}</ref> He then signed on to play a role in ''[[Keka (film)|Keka]]'', a Telugu film and then also appeared in a second lead role in ''[[Chikku Bukku]]'' with [[Arya (actor)|Arya]] and [[Shriya Saran]].<ref name="H">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2011/01/02/stories/2011010250100400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426042247/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2011/01/02/stories/2011010250100400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 April 2011 |title=Cinema Plus / Columns : itsv - bitsv |date=2 January 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=5 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-13/news-interviews/28227494_1_anup-arya-roles |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122411/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-13/news-interviews/28227494_1_anup-arya-roles |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Anup is aiming for the stars|accessdate=5 September 2013}}</ref>

In 2014, he starred in the Tamil film ''[[Marumugam]]'' co-starring [[Daniel Balaji]], and the Telugu films ''Jabilli Kosam Aakashamalle'' and ''Ninnu Chusi Vennele Anukunna'', the latter of which remains unreleased.<ref>{{cite web|author=Nikhil Raghavan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/itsy-bitsy-star-cast/article2957485.ece |title=Itsy Bitsy: Star cast |work=The Hindu|date=3 March 2012 |accessdate=5 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Role-call-for-Anup/articleshow/13409004.cms|title=Role call for Anup|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Anoop-excited-about-Marumugam/articleshow/12067568.cms|title=Anoop excited about Marumugam|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/srihari-upcoming-movie-jabilli-kosam-akasamalle-57345|title=జాబిల్లి కోసం ఆకాశమల్లే|date=16 August 2013|website=Sakshi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/audio-ninnuchusivennelaanukunna.html|title=Ninnu Chusi Vennele Anukunna Music Launch - Telugu cinema news|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
|2006 || ''[[Vattaram]]'' || Ramesh || rowspan="2"|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2008 || ''[[Kathi Kappal]]'' || Joshua Prakash || Also producer
|-
| ''[[Keka (film)|Keka]]'' ||Kiran || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
|2010 || ''[[Chikku Bukku]]'' || Ammaiyappan || rowspan="2"|Tamil ||
|-
|2012 || ''[[Ishtam (2012 film)|Ishtam]]'' || Akash ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2014 || ''[[Marumugam]]'' || Ram || Tamil ||
|-
|''Jabilli Kosam Aakashamalle'' || Raj || Telugu ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Anoop}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]

Sadhan Dutt

2026-01-17T17:19:42Z

SabinaGuffey: content update

{{Short description|Indian scientist and entrepreneur (1921–2008)}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sadhan Dutt
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| birth_date = 29 May 1921
| birth_place =
| death_date = 2 January 2008
| death_place = Kolkata
| occupation = Industrialist
| spouse = Bharati Dutt
| alma mater = [[Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi]]
}}

'''Sadhan Dutt''' (also spelt Sadhan Dutta) (29 May 1921 – 2 January 2008) was an Indian scientist and entrepreneur.<ref name ="HBL">{{cite web
| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/01/03/stories/2008010352071100.htm
| title =Sadhan Dutt of DC-Kuljian dead | accessdate = 2008-01-03 | last = | first = | publisher = The Hindu Business Line, 3 January 2008}}</ref>

== Early Life and education ==

Born on 29 May 1921, he finished his school education at Guwahati and graduated in mechanical and electrical engineering from [[Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itbhuglobal.org/chronicle/archives/2008/01/tribute_to_m_n_dastur_and_sadh.php |title=ITBHUGlobal.org: The Chronicle: Tribute to M N Dastur and Sadhan C Dutt (Mechanical 1940's) |website=www.itbhuglobal.org |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024023111/http://www.itbhuglobal.org/chronicle/archives/2008/01/tribute_to_m_n_dastur_and_sadh.php |archive-date=24 October 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Career ==
He joined [[The Kuljian Corporation]] of [[Philadelphia]] as Manager for India in 1950. Later, he launched Kuljian Corporation (India), the first private sector consulting firm in India. In 1979, it emerged as Development Consultants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080103/jsp/business/story_8736825.jsp | title = DCL Chairman passes away | accessdate = 2008-01-03 | last = | first = | publisher = The Telegraph, 3 January 2008 | archive-date = 11 June 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080611065138/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080103/jsp/business/story_8736825.jsp | url-status = dead }}</ref>

He took an important role for the thermal power and nuclear power projects in the country. In addition to it he submitted the project report to the Central Government for the first [[Kolkata Metro|Metro Railway projects in Kolkata]].<ref name = "Samsad">"Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan Vol.II in Bengali edited by Anjali Bose, published by Sahitya Samsad, Kolkata, India, January, 2019 edition Page 426{{ISBN|978-81-7955-292-6}}</ref>

==Honours and awards==

Dutt was honoured in his career. He received the Gold medal from Asiatic Society and the award of ‘Man of the year’ from New York Chamber of Commerce.<ref name="Samsad"/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2002/04/29/stories/2002042900180300.htm| title = The best-kept American secret, revealed | accessdate = 2008-03-25 | last =Chakraborty | first = Udayan K. | publisher = The Hindu Business Line, 29 April 2002}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dutt, Sadhan}}
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Indian social workers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Engineers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]

Wagle Ki Duniya

2026-01-04T01:27:36Z

SabinaGuffey: Adding basic stub with sources

{{Short description|Indian sitcom television series (1988)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| name =
| image = Wagle_ki_Duniya.jpeg
| caption = Promotional poster
| genre = [[Sitcom]]
| creator = [[R. K. Laxman]]
| director = [[Kundan Shah]]
| producer = Ravi Ojha
| composer = [[Vanraj Bhatia]]
| writer =
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Anjan Srivastav]]|[[Bharati Achrekar]]}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 13
| camera = [[Single camera]]
| runtime = 45 minutes
| channel = [[DD National]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|1988|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|1990|df=y}}
| related = {{ubl|''[[Wagle Ki Nayi Duniya]]''|''[[Detective Wagle]]''|''[[Wagle Ki Duniya - Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]''}}
}}
'''''Wagle Ki Duniya''''' ({{translation|Wagle's World}}) is an Indian [[sitcom]] that aired on [[DD National]] from 1988 to 1990. It was produced by [[Durga Khote]], directed by [[Kundan Shah]], and was based on characters created by noted cartoonist, [[R. K. Laxman]], especially "[[The Common Man|the common man]]" about the issues of common [[middle-class]] Indian man.<ref name=ndtv12/> It starred [[Anjan Srivastav]] as a bumbling sales clerk in a multinational and [[Bharati Achrekar]] as his wife.<ref name=ndtv12/><ref>{{cite news|title=Time for adaptations|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Time-for-adaptations/882374/|work=The Times of India|date=1 December 2011|access-date=16 May 2013|archive-date=19 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919082906/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/time-for-adaptations/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Overview==
The series was set around the everyday struggles, of the nervous sales clerk, Srinivas Wagle, who lived with the prudence of a middle-class person of the time.<ref>{{cite book |title=Tomorrow's India: Another Tryst with Destiny |editor=B. G. Verghese |editor-link=B. G. Verghese |publisher=Penguin Books India |year=2006 |isbn=0670058637 |page=325 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRTBJNRntlcC&q=Wagle+Ki+Duniya&pg=PA325 |access-date=15 October 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919082756/https://books.google.com/books?id=JRTBJNRntlcC&q=Wagle+Ki+Duniya&pg=PA325#v=snippet&q=Wagle%20Ki%20Duniya&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Anjan Srivastav]] as Srinivas Wagle-A sales clerk, Radhika's husband, Manoj and Rajesh's father<ref>{{cite news |title=Anjan breaks his own record |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Anjan-breaks-his-own-record/articleshow/5801407.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629121343/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-15/tv/28118764_1_army-man-character-actor-tv-series |url-status=live |archive-date=29 June 2013 |date=15 April 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=16 May 2013}}</ref>
* [[Bharati Achrekar]] as Radhika Wagle-Srinivas's wife, Manoj and Rajesh's mother<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/bharati-achrekar-remembers-rk-laxman-s-mesmerising-narration-for-wagle-ki-duniya-1764011-2021-01-29|title=Bharati Achrekar remembers RK Laxman's mesmerising narration for Wagle Ki Duniya|first1=Shweta|last=Keshri|date=29 January 2021|website=India Today|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004034232/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/bharati-achrekar-remembers-rk-laxman-s-mesmerising-narration-for-wagle-ki-duniya-1764011-2021-01-29|url-status=live}}</ref>
*
* Dicky Nagpal as Manoj Wagle. Srinivas Wagle and Radhika's elder son, Raju's elder brother
*
* Jeetendra Dasadiya as Rajesh Wagle aka Raju. Srinivas Wagle and Radhika's younger son, Manoj's younger brother
*
* Harish Magon as Bhalla
* [[Virendra Saxena]] as Gadkari
* [[Narendra Gupta (actor)|Narendra Gupta]] as Inspector Tyagi
* [[Shah Rukh Khan]] as Careless Driver in Episode 11
* Arpit Singhai as Priyanka Singhai Husband
* Deepak Qazir Kejriwal as Verma, Licence officer
* [[Achyut Potdar]] as Licence officer
* [[Harish Patel]]
* [[Mushtaq Khan]] as Manohar
* Nandita Thakur
* Sankalp Dubey
*

==Production==
The weekly series was conceived by R.K. Laxman, and he himself narrated the script.<ref name=toi11>{{cite news |title=R K Laxman cartoons now on your TV sets|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-29/tv/30454095_1_r-k-laxman-cartoons-common-man |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629124924/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-29/tv/30454095_1_r-k-laxman-cartoons-common-man |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |date=29 November 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=16 May 2013}}</ref> It was based on RK Laxman character about quintessential common man.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Long Run |author=Chaya Unnikrishnan |url=http://screen.indianexpress.com/news/the-long-run/528587/0 |date=16 October 2009 |publisher=Screen |access-date=16 May 2013 |archive-date=19 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919082906/https://indianexpress.com/section/entertainment/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The original run was supposed to be of six episodes, but seeing the response, it ran up to 13 episodes.<ref name=exp/> The series achieved a [[cult status]],<ref>{{cite news |title=TV remade to order!|quote= ..cult shows like ''Hum Log'' and ''Wagle Ki Duniya'' ..|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-remade-to-order/articleshow/6287353.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122327/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-11/tv/28278973_1_hum-log-show-buniyaad |url-status=live |archive-date=29 June 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 August 2010 }}</ref> and made Anjan Srivastav a household name. Film actor, [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]] made a guest appearance in the series before he did ''[[Fauji (TV series)|Fauji]]'' (1988).<ref>{{cite news |title=The King and the Khan |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/08/25/stories/2007082551100300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518205140/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/08/25/stories/2007082551100300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 May 2014 |date=25 August 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=16 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Visual extravaganza |author=Chitrapu Uday Bhaskar |url=http://www.hindu.com/br/2009/10/06/stories/2009100651511300.htm |work=The Hindu |date=6 October 2009 |access-date=16 May 2013 |archive-date=12 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012023512/http://www.hindu.com/br/2009/10/06/stories/2009100651511300.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=red>{{cite web| title = I met SRK before he became a star| work = Rediff.com movies| url = http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/oct/28srk.htm| access-date = 14 September 2014| archive-date = 24 September 2015| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143521/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/oct/28srk.htm| url-status = live}}</ref>

==Sequel==
A sequel series ''Wagle Ki Nayi Duniya (transl. Wagle's New World)'' aired on [[StarPlus]] in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99may02/sunday/filmtv.htm|title=Tribuneindia... Film and tv|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=11 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211023538/https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99may02/sunday/filmtv.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=exp>{{cite news |title=Trapped in Wagle's mould |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19991109/ile09094.html |publisher=Indian Express |date=9 November 1999 |access-date=16 May 2013 |archive-date=2 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002172056/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19991109/ile09094.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2012, the character Wagle was brought back with new series by same team, ''[[Detective Wagle]]'' on [[DD National]] in November 2012, where Anjan Srivastav reprised his role as Wagle, while the role of his wife was played by [[Sulabha Arya]].<ref name=ndtv12>{{cite news |title=Aanjjan Srivastav returns with new version of Wagle Ki Duniya |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/television/aanjjan-srivastav-returns-with-new-version-of-wagle-ki-duniya-296404 |publisher=NDTV MOvies |date=23 November 2012 |access-date=16 May 2013 |archive-date=19 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119084102/http://movies.ndtv.com/television/aanjjan-srivastav-returns-with-new-version-of-wagle-ki-duniya-296404 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Aanjjan Srivastav is happy with co-star Sulbha Arya|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-02/tv/36110603_1_aanjjan-srivastav-wagle-ki-duniya-sulbha-arya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109212925/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-02/tv/36110603_1_aanjjan-srivastav-wagle-ki-duniya-sulbha-arya |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 November 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 January 2013 }}</ref>

''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]] (Wagle's World - New Generation, New Stories)'', a sequel series started airing on [[Sony SAB]] from 8 February 2021. The show focuses on Srinivas' younger son Rajesh Wagle, his family and his neighbors. Both Anjan Srivastav and Bharti Achrekar reprised their roles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sumeet Raghavan to be seen in the classic comedy show Wagle Ki Duniya - Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sumeet-raghavan-to-be-seen-in-the-classic-comedy-show-wagle-ki-duniya-nayi-peedhi-naye-kissey/articleshow/79578826.cms|access-date=2021-02-09|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=13 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213053121/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sumeet-raghavan-to-be-seen-in-the-classic-comedy-show-wagle-ki-duniya-nayi-peedhi-naye-kissey/articleshow/79578826.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of programs broadcast by DD National]]
* [[List of programs broadcast by Sony SAB]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:Indian television sitcoms]]
[[Category:DD National original programming]]
[[Category:1988 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:1990 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:1980s Indian television series]]
[[Category:Television shows based on comic strips]]

December 2014 Assam violence

2025-12-14T10:40:21Z

SabinaGuffey: New

{{Short description|Series of militant attacks}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
|title = December 2014 Assam violence
|partof = [[Insurgency in Northeast India]]
|location = [[Assam]], [[India]]
|date = {{Start date|2014|12|23|df=y}}
|fatalities = 85 (including retaliatory attacks)<ref name="HT_2014_launch">{{cite news|last1=Digambar Patowary|title=Assam violence: Securitymen launch offensive against Bodo militants|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/want-results-in-assam-centre-tells-army-10-developments-639929|access-date=26 December 2014|work=Hindustan Times|date=26 December 2014}}</ref>
|injuries =
|perps = {{ubl|[[National Democratic Front of Bodoland]] (Songbijit faction)| Adivasi (retaliatory)}}
|weapons = AK-series weapons<ref name="IT_2014_begins"/>
|motive =
}}
{{Terrorist attacks in India (since 2001)}}
In December 2014, a series of attacks by militants resulted in the deaths of more than 76 people in the [[Assam]] state in India.<ref name="IT_2014_begins">{{cite news|title=After Assam killings, all-out war begins against Bodo militants |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/northeast/story/assam-killing-operation-all-out-army-bodo-militants-232851-2014-12-25|access-date=26 December 2014 |work=Indian Today |date=26 December 2014}}</ref> The attacks took place in the [[Chirang district|Chirang]], [[Sonitpur district|Sonitpur]], and [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]] districts on 23 December 2014. They were attributed to the [[I. K. Songbijit|Songbijit]] faction of the [[National Democratic Front of Bodoland]] (NDFB(S)).

The [[Adivasi]] people of Assam are mostly [[Santal people|Santhals]]. The NDFB claims to represent the [[Bodo people]]; it has fought a [[Insurgency in Northeast India|secessionist war]] with the government for the establishment of a separate nation ([[Bodoland]]). Although a number of NDFB militants had agreed to a ceasefire and peace talks in the 2000s, the NDFB(S) faction, led by I K Songbijit, has refused to give up militancy.

In May 2014, the government attributed a [[May 2014 Assam violence|similar attack]] on [[Muslim]] migrants to the NDFB(S), but the NDFB denied its involvement. The December attacks, described as one of the worst massacres in the history of [[Northeast India|North-East India]], resulted in the deaths of 65 people by Bodo militants,<ref name="timesofindia"/><ref name="NDTV_2014_results">{{cite news|last1=Urmi Bhattacharjee, Deepshikha Ghosh|title=Want Results in Assam, Centre Tells Army: 10 Developments|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/want-results-in-assam-centre-tells-army-10-developments-639929|access-date=26 December 2014 |work=NDTV |date=26 December 2014}}</ref> and led to widespread protests by tribal people. The protests turned violent, leading to three more deaths at the hands of the police and a retaliatory attack of the Adivasi on Bodo villages, which resulted in the death of some Bodo people.<ref name="timesofindia"/><ref name="HT_2014_launch"/> On 26 December, the [[government of India]] declared the launch of Operation "All Out" to eliminate the NDFB(S) militants. It deployed an estimated 9,000 soldiers of the [[Indian Army]] and [[Central Reserve Police Force]].<ref name="IT_2014_begins"/><ref name="HT_2014_launch"/><ref name="NDTV_2014_results"/>

== Background ==

The National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB), a militant group which has been indulging in violence against immigrants since the late 1990s. The group signed a ceasefire with the Indian government in 2005, but one of its factions — NDFB(S), which is led by IK Songbijit — has opposed peace talks with the government. NDFB(S) warned of retaliation when the Assam Police launched an operation against them. On 21 December 2014, the Assam Police killed two NDFB militants.<ref name="Deccan Herald 2014">{{cite news | url=http://m.deccanherald.com/content/449552/assam-toll-rises-71-rajnath.html/ | archive-url=https://archive.today/20141224182554/http://m.deccanherald.com/content/449552/assam-toll-rises-71-rajnath.html/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 December 2014 | title=Assam toll rises to 71, Rajnath reviews situation | work=Deccan Herald | date=24 December 2014 | access-date=24 December 2014 }}</ref>

== Violence ==
There has been armed conflict between the [[National Democratic Front of Boroland|NDFB]] and government and between [[National Democratic Front of Boroland|NDFB]] and [[Adivasi Cobra Force]]. After two NDFB cadre were killed by Assam Police, the NDFB militants attacked villagers at 6:25pm on 23 December 2014 in 3 districts of Assam: Kokrajhar, Sonitpur, and Chirang. They killed around 65 unarmed Adivasi, including 21 women and 18 children. The attacks happened during preparations for [[Christmas]]; most of the militants, as well as the Adivasi, victims were Christians.<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Assam-violence-Adivasis-retaliate-kill-2-Bodos-torch-a-village/articleshow/45626042.cms? | title=Assam violence: Adivasis retaliate, kill 2 Bodos, torch a village | date=2014-12-24 | access-date=2014-12-26 | newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="ht1">{{cite news | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-violence-death-toll-in-bodo-militant-attack-in-state-rises-to-64/article1-1299916.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224085926/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-violence-death-toll-in-bodo-militant-attack-in-state-rises-to-64/article1-1299916.aspx | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 December 2014 | title=Assam killings take on ethnic hue: Over 70 killed in Bodo attacks, 250 missing | date=2014-12-24 | newspaper=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

The next day, thousands of Adivasi people marched in protest. At [[Dhekiajuli]] in the Sonitpur district, the police fired rounds to disperse the crowd when the protest march turned violent. Police killed three Adivasi protestors. In retaliation, the Adivasi killed three [[Bodo people]] in a village near [[Behali, India|Behali]] in the Sonitpur district. The total death toll reached 85.<ref name="IT_2014_begins"/> Both communities burned houses and damaged property in different parts of the state.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/assam-toll-rises-as-violence-spreads-to-kokrajhar/article6724739.ece|title=Assam toll rises to 78, violence spreads to Kokrajhar|date=2014-12-25|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-09-24|agency=PTI|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The violence also spread to the [[Udalguri district]].<ref name="toll48">{{cite news|title=Death toll in Assam militant attacks rises to 48 with recovery of more bodies|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Death-toll-in-Assam-militant-attacks-rises-to-48-with-recovery-of-more-bodies/articleshow/45620522.cms|access-date=23 December 2014|agency=Times of India|publisher=ToI}}</ref><ref name="34killed">{{cite news|title=34 killed in NDFB(S) attacks in two Assam districts: Police |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/34-killed-in-ndfbs-attacks-in-two-assam-districts-police/articleshow/45620813.cms |date=23 December 2014 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=Guwahati |publisher=Economic Times |access-date=23 Dec 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armed Indian tribal group kills villagers|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/12/deaths-reported-northeast-india-attack-20141223151344571967.html|access-date=23 December 2014|work=Al Jazeera|agency=Al Jazeera|issue=Central & South Asia|date=23 Dec 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rajnath visits Guwahati, high alert sounded in Assam after Bodo militant attack kills 68 people|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rajnath-visits-guwahati-high-alert-sounded-in-assam-after-bodo-militant-attack-kills-68-people/519652-3-251.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226212242/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rajnath-visits-guwahati-high-alert-sounded-in-assam-after-bodo-militant-attack-kills-68-people/519652-3-251.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 December 2014|access-date=26 December 2014|work=IBNLive|date=24 December 2014}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==

A [[curfew]] was imposed in parts of the three districts. 55 companies of central paramilitary forces were deployed. The investigation was assigned to the [[National Investigation Agency]].<ref name="Deccan Herald 2014"/>

The [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister of India]], [[Rajnath Singh]], along with the [[Minister of State]] for Home Affairs, [[Kiren Rijiju]], and the [[Ministry of Tribal Affairs|Minister of Tribal Affairs]], [[Jual Oram]], visited the state and met Assam's [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]] [[Tarun Gogoi]] and other officials. They reviewed the situation and agreed to necessary steps.<ref name="Deccan Herald 2014"/>

[[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] expressed grief and announced [[Ex gratia|ex-gratia]] compensation of {{INRConvert|2|l}} to each of the families of the dead and {{INRConvert|50|k}} to the seriously injured, while the [[Government of Assam|Assam government]] has announced ex-gratia of {{INRConvert|5|l}} to families of the dead and {{INRConvert|50|k}} to those injured. The [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]] also announced {{INRConvert|86|l}} as compensation to the Assam government.<ref name="Deccan Herald 2014"/> About 72,675 people had been shifted to relief camps by 26 December.<ref name="ToI_2014_vows"/>

=== Operation All Out ===
{{For|Operation All Out Kashmir launched in 2017|Operation All Out (Kashmir)}}

On 26 December 2014, the Indian Government declared that they had launched "Operation All Out" to eliminate the NDFB militants. This was declared by the Chief of the Army Staff, [[General Dalbir Singh Suhag]], after meeting the Indian Home Minister, Rajnath Singh, on 26 December. About 5,000 personnel from the paramilitary [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] and 4,620 from the Indian Army had already been deployed and ordered to eliminate the remaining militants, who were estimated to number around 80. In addition, around 2,000 personnel from the border force [[Sashastra Seema Bal]] were deployed to help maintain stability. The Indian Army has been using its helicopters to carry out aerial surveys of the affected regions.<ref name="IT_2014_begins"/><ref name="HT_2014_launch"/><ref name="NDTV_2014_results"/><ref name="ToI_2014_vows">{{cite news|title=Assam violence: Army chief vows to intensify operations against militants|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Assam-violence-Army-chief-vows-to-intensify-operations-against-militants/articleshow/45651729.cms|access-date=26 December 2014|work=The Times of India|date=26 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="ToI_2014_launch">{{cite news|last1=Prabin Kalita|title=Centre, state launch all-out offensive against militant group that carried out deadly Assam attack|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Centre-state-launch-all-out-offensive-against-militant-group-that-carried-out-deadly-Assam-attack/articleshow/45630675.cms|access-date=26 December 2014|work=The Times of India|date=24 December 2014}}</ref>

=== Peace between two communities ===
A joint delegation of the All Bodo Students’ Union (ABSU) and the All Adivasi Students’ Association of Assam (AASAA), led by their presidents Pramode Boro and Raphael Kujur, visited the Bodo and Adivasi relief camps on Monday. They appealed to the inmates not to believe rumour-mongers, who were out to destroy unity among the people of the two communities. Both leaders demanded that the government ensure adequate security for the displaced villagers to return home and enable Bodo and Adivasi students to continue the new academic session beginning in January.

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{coord|26.1400|N|91.7700|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Assam violence}}
[[Category:2014 mass murders]]
[[Category:2010s in Assam]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 2014]]
[[Category:Bodo nationalism]]
[[Category:Kokrajhar district]]
[[Category:Sonitpur district]]
[[Category:Chirang district]]
[[Category:Crime in Assam]]
[[Category:Mass shootings in India]]
[[Category:December 2014 in India]]
[[Category:December 2014 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:2014 mass shootings in Asia]]
[[Category:2014 murders in India]]

A. Navaneethakrishnan

2025-12-13T03:47:27Z

SabinaGuffey:

{{Short description|Indian politician and lawyer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Indian name|Navaneethakrishnan|Appasamy}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| name = A. Navaneethakrishnan
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date ={{birth date and age|1956|05|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place =Ponnappur West, [[Thanjavur district]], [[Madras State]], [[ India]]
| residence = [[Foreshore Estate]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx| title=Shri A. Navaneethakrishnan Rajya Sabha profile| publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]]| accessdate=26 August 2017| archive-date=27 March 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327221824/http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx| url-status=dead}}</ref>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start =26 June 2014<ref>{{cite web | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/aiadmk-nominee-a-navaneethakrishnan-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha/articleshow/37257666.cms | title=AIADMK nominee, A Navaneethakrishnan elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha | publisher=[[The Economic Times]] | date=26 June 2014 | accessdate=29 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/4-aiadmk-2-dmk-mps-set-to-be-elected-to-rajya-sabha-from-tamil-nadu/articleshow/52539199.cms | title=4 AIADMK, 2 DMK MPs set to be elected to Rajya Sabha from Tamil Nadu | publisher=[[The Economic Times]] | date=1 June 2016 | accessdate=29 November 2017}}</ref>
| term_end = 10 June 2022
| predecessor =
| successor =[[P. Chidambaram]]
| office1 = [[Advocate-General of Madras|Advocate-General of Tamil Nadu]]
| constituency1 =
| term1 =2011-2013
| predecessor1 = [[P. S. Raman]]
| successor1 = A. L. Somayaji
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| religion =
| otherparty =
| spouse = N. Tamil Selvi
| children = 2 sons and 1 daughter
| website =
| alma_mater = [[Madras Law College]]
| footnotes =
| date = |
| year = |
| source = http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=112&lastls=13
}}

'''Appasamy Navaneethakrishnan''' is an Indian politician and lawyer. He is a [[Member of Parliament]], representing [[Tamil Nadu]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] the [[upper house]] of [[Parliament of India|India's Parliament]].He is the leader of the [[AIADMK]] party in the Rajya Sabha.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Jayalalithaa-appoints-Navaneethakrishnan-as-AIADMK-legal-wing-secretary/articleshow/36638374.cms |title=Jayalalithaa appoints Navaneethakrishnan as AIADMK legal wing secretary |work=[[Times of India]] |author=Karthick S |date=June 16, 2014 |accessdate=27 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/AIADMK-DMK-join-hands-with-opposition-against-demonetisation/articleshow/55589436.cms |title=AIADMK, DMK join hands with opposition against demonetisation |author=Julie Mariappan |date=24 November 2016 |work=[[Times of India]] |access-date=26 August 2017}}</ref> He was the earlier the Advocate General of Tamil Nadu.He was the defence lawyer for [[Jayalalithaa]] in various corruption cases.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Tamil-Nadu-govt-appoints-A-Navaneethakrishnan-as-Advocate-General/articleshow/8555901.cms | title=Tamil Nadu govt appoints A Navaneethakrishnan as Advocate General | publisher=[[Times of India]] | date=24 May 2011 | accessdate=26 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/navaneethakrishnan-is-advocate-general/article2047315.ece | title=Navaneethakrishnan is Advocate General | work=The Hindu | date=25 May 2011 | accessdate=26 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/navaneethakrishnan-shri | title=A. Navaneethakrishnan, Shri | publisher=National Portal of India | accessdate=18 June 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Navaneethakrishnan, A.}}
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:People from Thanjavur district]]

{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}

Puliyoor

2025-12-11T08:53:11Z

SabinaGuffey:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Puliyoor
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = File:Puliyoor.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Puliyoor temple
| nickname =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|9|18|0|N|76|35|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 16531
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 689510
| registration_plate = KL
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
}}
[[File:Puliyoor gopuram.JPG|thumb|Temple gate of puliyoor mahavishnu temple]]
'''Puliyoor''' is a village in [[Chengannur]] municipality in [[Alappuzha district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]].<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/P|title=Census of India:Villages with population 5000 & above|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=2008-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|archive-date=8 December 2008|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The schools in the village include Government HS Puliyoor, Govt. U.P. School [[Perissery]], Vallikkav LP School and Snehagiri U.P. School. Government UP School was the first established school in the area and is over 100 years old. The [[Great flood of 99]] provided the timber for today's school building.

Thrippuliyoor Mahavishnukshethram (Puliyoor Temple) is the famous temple here which is mentioned in Thirukkural and Alvar scripts and is a main attraction. It is one of the 108 Vaishnava temples ([[Divya Desam]]) and is believed to be established before 6th century CE.

Today, many social associations and cultural clubs, libraries, temples and churches strengthen the culture of the region.

==Etymology==
It is widely believed that the name Puliyoor came from the phrase "puliye kanda ooru" meaning "Land where the leopard was spotted".

== History ==
In ancient times, Puliyoor was an abode of Buddhist believers. Non Hindus were welcomed in this village since ancient times and the region was a good example of religious harmony even having a Christian serving as the temple administrator. Many of the places in the region were isolated islands in the ancient times but today they are all well connected by roads.<ref>[http://lsgkerala.in/puliyoorpanchayat/about/ പുലിയൂര്‍]</ref>

Pandavanpara (rock of the Pandavas of Mahabharatha) of Chengannur is nearby with a temple at the hilltop and is believed to have been a hideout for the pandavas during their exile and is famed for having the footsteps of Bhima. The region around Pandavanpara has various temples dedicated to each pandava.

==Temples==
Thrppuliyoor temple was established even before the sixth century. It is one of the most important Vaishnavite temples of India and is one of the 108 ([[Divya Desam]]). Velakali is an important festival of Puliyooor and it is the only region in central travancore where this artform is prevalent today.

==Geography==
The highest point of the village is called Nootavanpara.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Puliyoor had a population of 16531 with 7586 males and 8945 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puliyoor Village Population - Chengannur - Alappuzha, Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/628273-puliyoor-kerala.html |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name="censusindia" />

==Economy==
Agriculture was a main profession of the people many years back. A small section of the people are now employed in cottage industries.
The main crops are coconut, rubber, cassava, rice and banana. Vegetables are also cultivated.

==Schools==
* Government UP School
* Puliyoor Higher secondary school
* J.B.School
* M M SKV

==See also==
* [[Puliyur Mahavishnu Temple|Puliyoor Mahavishnu Temple]]

==References==
{{reflist}}3.
[http://lsgkerala.in/puliyoorpanchayat/general-information/description/]
[[lsgkerala]]{{Alappuzha district}}

[[Category:Villages in Alappuzha district]]

{{Alappuzha-geo-stub}}

Laxmi Chandravansi Medical College and Hospital, Palamu

2025-12-08T13:07:53Z

SabinaGuffey:

{{Orphan|date=July 2024}}

{{Infobox university
| name = Laxmi Chandravansi Medical College and Hospital, Palamu
| image =
| motto =
| established = {{start date and age|2021}}
| type = Private
| dean =
| principal = Dr. Vivek Kashyap
| president =
|students = '''Totals:'''
* MBBS - 100
| address = Bishrampur
| city = Palamu
| state = [[Jharkhand]]
| postcode =
| coordinates =
| affiliation = [[Ramchandra Chandravansi University]]
| website = https://lcmch.in/
}}

'''Laxmi Chandravansi Medical College and Hospital, Palamu''', established in 2021, is a private [[medical college]] located at Bishrampur, [[Palamu district|Palamu]] district, [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{cite web|title=New private medical college to start operation in Bishrampur|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/new-private-medical-college-to-start-operation-in-bishrampur/cid/1840009|access-date=9 August 2022}}</ref> This college offers the Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery ([[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]]) courses and has an annual intake capacity of 100. This college is affiliated with the [[Ramchandra Chandravansi University]] and recognized by the [[National Medical Commission]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Colleges, National Medical Commission|url=https://www.nmc.org.in/information-desk/for-students-to-study-in-india/list-of-college-teaching-mbbs/|access-date=9 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NMC gives approval to LCMCH with 100 MBBS seats|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2021/state-editions/nmc-gives-approval-to-lcmch-with-100-mbbs-seats.html|access-date=9 August 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|

*[[List of hospitals in India]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Medical colleges in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:2021 establishments in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2021]]

{{med-org-stub}}

Kulukkallur railway station

2025-11-27T13:19:44Z

SabinaGuffey: formatting fix

{{Short description|Railway station in Kerala, India}}
{{unfocused|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Kulukkallur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| symbol_location =
| symbol =
| type =
| image = File:Kulukkallur rlw.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Railway Signboard
| address = [[Palakkad]], [[Kerala]]
| borough =
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|10.8682|N|76.2390|E|display=title,inline}}
| map_type = India Kerala#India
| owned =
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]]
| line = [[Nilambur–Shoranur railway line]]
| distance =
| platforms = 1
| tracks = 1
| train_operators =
| connections =
| structure =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| accessible =
| status = Active
| electrified = Yes
| code = KZC
| zone =
| website =
| opened = 1921
| closed = 
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=Southern Railway zone|left= Vallapuzha|right=Cherukara|type=Shoranur–Nilambur}}
| route_map = {{Nilambur–Shoranur line|inline=y}}
}}
'''Kulukkallur railway station''' is a major railway station serving the village of [[Kulukkallur]], near [[Pattambi]] in the [[Palakkad district]] of [[Kerala]]. It lies along the [[Nilambur–Shoranur railway line]] branch line of [[Palakkad railway division|Palakkad division]] of the [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]]s. Trains halting at the station connect the town to prominent cities in India such as [[Nilambur]], [[Shoranur]] and [[Angadipuram]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/kanhangad_train_time.html |title=Kanhangad Train Connectivity |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214143823/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/kanhangad_train_time.html |archive-date=14 February 2012 }}</ref>

The Station was built as a contractor-operated Halt on 17-02-1958 between Vallapuzha and Cherukara Railway stations. <ref>https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1518/1/lsd_02_04_17-02-1958.pdf page 49</ref>

Construction works are in progress for the second platform so as to upgrade Kulukkallur railway station as a crossing station.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Palakkad Railway Division}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1921]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Palakkad district]]
[[Category:Nilambur–Shoranur railway line]]

{{Kerala-railstation-stub}}

Gurusaday Dutt

2025-11-13T07:08:43Z

SabinaGuffey: Expanded content with additional details

{{short description|Indian writer, folk literature researcher and civil servant}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2011}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gurusaday Dutt
| image = Gurusaday Dutt photo.png
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Gurusaday Dutt
| birth_date = {{birth date text|10 May 1882}}
| birth_place = Birasri, [[Karimganj district|Karimganj]], [[Assam Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death-date and age|25 June 1941|10 May 1882}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], India
| occupation = Civilian, folklorist
| spouse = [[Saroj Nalini Dutt]] (née Dé)<ref name="socialthoughtofrabindranathtagore:ahistoricalanalysis">[https://books.google.com/books?id=0HrBJJBFutsC&dq=%22brajendranath+de%22&pg=PA138 Tapati Das Gupta, Social Thought of Rabindranath Tagore: A Historical Analysis, (Calcutta, 1993), p. 138]</ref>
| children = 1
}}

'''Gurusaday Dutt''' (10 May 1882 – 25 June 1941)<ref name="Dasgupta1993">{{cite book|author=Tapati Dasgupta|title=Social Thought of Rabindranath Tagore: A Historical Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0HrBJJBFutsC&pg=PA138|access-date=11 July 2012|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-302-1|pages=138–}}</ref> was a civil servant, folklorist, and writer. He was the founder of the [[Bratachari movement|''Bratachari'' Movement]] in the 1930s.

==Early life and education==
Gurusaday was the son of the Ramkrishna Dutta Chaudhuri and Anandamayee Debi. His father was a son of the ''zamindar'' of [[Birasri]] village in Karimganj sub-division of [[Sylhet District|Sylhet]] district, in eastern Bengal. Members of his family were followers of [[Vaishnavism]]. He lost his father at the age of 9 and his mother when he was 14. After their death, he did not get along well with his ''jyathamashai'' (father's elder brother), who was then the landlord of the village.

He completed his Entrance (School Leaving) examination at Government College, Sylhet where he stood first in 1898. He stood second in the F.A. examination (prior to Graduate studies) from [[Presidency College, Calcutta]] in 1901 and was awarded the Scindia Gold Medal. Despite objection from his ''jyathamashai'', who refused to pay for his further education, he went on a scholarship raised by the Sylhet Union to [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]], in the United Kingdom. He passed the Indian Civil service ([[Indian Civil Service|ICS]]) examination in 1905. In the first part of the examination he stood seventh and in the second part he stood first. Overall he stood first in the examination in that year. He was the first Indian to have stood first in the Open Competitive Service examination. He also passed the Bar examination with a First Class, and was called to the Bar by the Honourable Society of [[Gray's Inn]].

He removed Chaudhuri from his surname while he was at Cambridge.

He repaid the scholarship money to Sylhet Union after working for a few years, so that the Union could help another student from the same district with that money. In 1905, he returned to India and started work as an ICS officer.

He was married to [[Saroj Nalini Dutt]] (née Dé), a daughter of [[Brajendranath Dé]]. His son was Birendrasaday Dutt, who was a co-founder and an original trustee of the [[Gurusaday Museum]] in [[Joka, Kolkata|Joka]], [[Calcutta]].

==Career==
He served with distinction in the Bengal cadre, which in 1905 included the present day Bangladesh and the Indian states of [[West Bengal]], Bihar and Orissa in India. He served in various capacities in the districts of [[Arrah]], [[Hooghly District|Hooghly]], [[Pabna]], [[Bogra]], [[Jessore District|Jessore]], [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]], [[Comilla]], [[Dacca]], [[Barisal]], [[Khulna]], [[Birbhum]], [[Bankura]], [[Howrah]] and [[Mymensingh]], before coming to [[Calcutta]]. He was District Magistrate, Mymensingh, Director, Industries and Secretary, Local Self Government and Public Health. He was also the Government Chief Whip in the [[Bengal Legislative Council]]. From 1930 to 1933, he was a nominated Member of the Council of State and of the [[Central Legislative Assembly]] (the erstwhile Parliament of [[British India]]).

==Contributions to social work==
[[File:Statue of Gurusaday Dutt.jpg|thumb|Statue of Gurusaday Dutt in front of Gurusaday Museum, Kolkata, India.]]
From his youth, Gurusaday started to take active interest in social service and participated in helping fire-fighters and assisting in relief work during floods and other natural disasters. He was one of the social reformers of the first half of the nineteenth century who thought independently about various avenues of service to the rural poor. He realised that in order to establish any progressive idea on firm foundation it was necessary to educate women and make them self-reliant. [[Saroj Nalini Dutt]], who became an eminent Social Worker in her own right, was inspired by Gurusaday to start Mahila Samitis (Women's Institutes) as early as 1913, at Pabna district in British India, where he was then the District Magistrate.

In 1918, Gurusaday started the first Rural Reconstruction Movement in India in Birbhum. He then extended the movement to several districts where he was subsequently posted, like Bankura, Howrah and Mymensingh. This movement was bold and unique, as India was under British Rule at the time. In fact, he was advised by his senior officer that he should spend time in the Club socialising with other officers rather than pursuing activities to promote rural development and social welfare.

He was the first amongst civilian officers to set an example of the [[dignity of labour]], by manually working with a group of followers to eradicate the water hyacinth, a plant that covers ponds and makes water unusable. He would also re-excavate silted irrigation canals with a band of workers. In those days, it was unthinkable for a Magistrate to work manually with ''common'' people.

In 1922, he started a Society for co-operative irrigation in Bankura, which he later extended to Mymensingh and Birbhum.

He headed the Indian delegation as a representative of the British Indian Government at a meeting of the Agricultural Institute at Rome in 1924.

In 1925, he lost his wife at a very early age. He established the [[Saroj Nalini Dutt]] Memorial Association, in February 1925, as a Central Training Institute for training crafts and basic education to provide livelihood to women who had been deprived from receiving formal education in early life and lived at the mercy of relatives. He thought of ''non-formal education'' many years before it was officially started. His pioneering work was started when most women in India were still behind the ''purdah'' (veil), and would not dare to come out in the world to create a future for themselves. This organisation became the apex organisation for Mahila Samitis (Women's Institutes) in Eastern India, and was later affiliated to the [[Associated Country Women of the World]] (ACWW) and the [[International Alliance of Women]].

In October 1925, he started ''Bangalakshmi'', a monthly magazine that is still published.

In 1929, he started a magazine called ''Gramer Daak'' that dealt with agrarian and rural matters of concern.

It was at Mymensingh that he started a Folk Dance Revival Society. He revived the ''Jaari'' dance, being inspired by the secular nature of the dance and its spirit of unifying both Hindus and Muslims, at a time when communal tensions were running high.

In 1930, he discovered the ''[[Raibeshe]]'' folk dance, a martial dance of un-divided Bengal, in Birbhum. He studied the origins of the dance and discovered its rich cultural past and its connection with the army of Raja Man Singh of Rajasthan. Subsequently, he also revived the Kaathi, Dhamail, [[Baul]], Jhumur, Brata and Dhali dances from different parts of un-divided Bengal.

In 1931, he met [[Cecil Sharp]], who revived Morris dancing in England, when he visited London. He also attended All-England Folk Dance & Folk Song Festival. This inspired him to set up the Bangiya Palli Sampad Raksha Samiti (translated as Cultural Heritage Protection Society of Bengal) on his return.

In 1932, he started the Bratachari movement. In his words in ''The Bratachari Synthesis'', first published in 1937,

{{blockquote|the Movement is to bring back to humanity, in all countries, the ideal and practice of the ''wholeness'' of life which, alike in the individual, the national and the international sphere has been so grievously shattered in the modern world in every country by the fragmentary outlook on, and treatment of, life in education, science, work, play and social functioning.}}

In its aim to re-establish life on its fundamental unity, while preserving the inherent values of the individual and regional diversities, the Bratachari movement relies on a system of simultaneous physical, moral and spiritual culture with the threefold objectives of
i) shaping of life in accordance with a fully balanced ideal comprising the five Bratas or ultimate ideals which are of universal application, and adopting a course for their pursuit for the integration of the culture of the body and the soul, and of the thought, speech, and behaviour;
ii) the pursuit of rhythmic discipline for bringing about unification, harmony and joy as well as inner transformation; and
iii) bringing men and women of every country in touch with the regional culture of their own soil and with the arts and crafts, dances and songs, and customs and manners of their own region, thus providing a natural cultural medium for their healthy all-round growth.
By this threefold sadhana (devotion), the Bratachari system seeks to enable men and women in each land to become, simultaneously, truly national and truly international.

In 1934, the Bangiya Palli Sampad Raksha Samiti was renamed as The Bengal Bratachari Society. In 1936, he started a magazine ''Banglar Shakti'' for The Bengal Bratachari Society.

Gurusaday Dutt did extensive research in the field of Folk art, crafts and folk dances of Bengal. He collected objects of folk art and crafts from the countryside. He had great compassion for the artists and craftsmen who created unique art objects without any training or technical knowledge. Folk art was neglected and not appreciated in those days. He wrote in different journals about the wealth and beauty of folk art and left his collection on his death to The Bengal Bratachari Society.

==Contributions to art and culture==
Gurusaday Dutt was mostly known for his interest and contributions to Bengal's folk art, folk dance and folk music. He spent a lifetime collecting and studying art objects and handiwork from the remotest corners of undivided rural Bengal collecting items of folk art such as Kalighat paintings, ''patuas''' scrolls, embroidered ''kanthas'', terracotta panels, stone sculptures, wooden carvings, dolls and toys, moulds used for making patterns on sweets or mango-paste etc. Gurusaday Dutt also wrote extensively on folk culture. Rabindranath Tagore and C.F. Andrews wrote in the foreword of the biography of his wife, [[Saroj Nalini Dutt]], which he wrote. Gurusaday Dutt also wrote a good deal about the Bratachari movement.

==Controversies==
His fearless independence and indomitable spirit of nationalism brought him into conflict with the British Government on more than one occasion. In 1928, at Howrah, in connection with the Bamangachi Firing case, he condemned the firing on a crowd of protesters by the police led by a British officer. The matter was raised in the British [[House of Lords]] and [[Lord Birkenhead]], then [[Secretary of State for India]] in the British Government, had to answer angry questions. British Parliamentarians wanted Dutt, referred to as this Indian officer, punished for having the audacity to question a British officer’s action. As a punitive measure he was transferred out of Howrah to Mymensingh.

His stay in Mymensingh was also cut short when he failed to give orders as required by him by the British Indian Government to deal with protesters against The Salt Act imposed by the Government. [[Mahatma Gandhi|M.K.Gandhi]] had called for a [[satyagraha]] against this Act. He was transferred to Birbhum by telegram (then the fastest means of communication), which was an unprecedented way of dealing with an ICS officer in those days.

==Organisations founded==
*Mymensingh Folk Dance and Folk Music Society (1929)
*Pallisampad Raksha Samiti (1931)
*Bratachari Lokanritya Samiti (1932)
*South India Bratachari Society (1932)
*Sarbabharatiya Bratachari Society etc.
*In 1941 he also set up the Bratachari village(Bratacharigram) near Calcutta, and the Bratachari Janashiksha Pratishthan. The [[Bratachari movement]] founded by Gurusaday Dutt (from ''vrata'', vow) was a movement for spiritual and social improvement. The movement aimed at creating a sense of world citizenship as well as national awareness among people, irrespective of caste, religion, sex and age. The movement aimed to nurture the mind and the body and to encourage people to work for national and individual improvement through encouraging traditional and folk culture, especially folk dance and folk song. The ''bratacharis'', or followers of the movement, pledged themselves to build their moral fibre and serve the country on the five principles of ''knowledge'', ''labour'', ''truth'', ''unity'' and ''joy''. They aimed at developing the mind and body through dance as well as by undertaking to perform good deeds. The Bratachari movement did not catch on all over India and slowly died away after the death of its founder. In 2011, the Mamata Banerjee Government again made Bratachari education compulsory in Primary schools in West Bengal, after the Marxist Communist Government withdrew it from the School curriculum in 1984.
*Gurusaday Museum (1961).

==Publications==
Gurusaday Dutt wrote many books and articles, which are listed below. The latest book to be published is "Banglar Lokashilpa o Lokanritya" (in Bengali), which is a collection of his essays and articles on Folk Art and Folk Dances of Bengal in various magazines between 1928 and 1941(his death), that were painstakingly obtained from the old magazines at Bangiya Sahitya Parishad's library by his grandson Devsaday Dutt and granddaughter-in-law Priyadarshini Dutt. The book has been published by Subhromani De and Subhadra De of Chhatim Books in 2008.

*''Bhajar Banshi'' (1922) (in Bengali) (A book of rhymes for children)
*''Palli Sangskar'' (in Bengali) (1925)
*''Village Reconstruction'' (1925)
*''Agricultural Organisation and Rural Reconstruction in Bengal'' (1919)
*''Ganer Saji'' (in Bengali) (1932)
*''Indian Folk Dance and Folklore Movement'' (in Bengali) (1933)
*''Bratachari Synthesis'' (in Bengali) (1937)
*''Patuya Sangit'' (in Bengali) (1939)
*''Bratacharir Marmakatha'' (in Bengali) (1940)
*''A Woman of India]'' (1941)
*''Bratachari: Its Aim and Meaning'' (1942)
*''The Folk Dances of Bengal'' (1954)
*''Shrihatter Lokasangit'' (in Bengali) (1966)
*''Folk Arts and Crafts of Bengal'' (1990)<ref name="publications">[http://www.seagullindia.com/books/default.asp/ Publications of G.S.Dutt]</ref>
*''Art of Kantha'' (1995)
*''Banglar Lokashilpa o Lokanritya'' (in Bengali) (Calcutta: Chatim Books, 2008)
*''Goraey Golod'' (in Bengali)
*''Gramer Kaajer ka kha Ga'' (in Bengali)
*''Saroj Nalini''
*''Palli Sanskar O Sangathan'' (in Bengali)
*''Paaglamir Puthi'' (in Bengali)
*''Purir Mahathwa'' (in Bengali)
*''Gaaner Saaji'' (in Bengali)
*''Banglar Samrik Krira'' (in Bengali)
*''Chaander Buri''(in Bengali)
*''Bratachari Shakhaa'' (in Bengali)
*''Bratachari Marmakatha'' (in Bengali)
*''Patua Sangeet'' (in Bengali)
*''Bratachari Parichoy'' (in Bengali)
*''Srihotter Lokageeti'' (in Bengali)
*''Banglar Bir Jodha Raebeshe'' (in Bengali)

==Death and commemoration==
He died at the age of 59 of cancer. After he died, his son, Birendrasaday Dutt, took the initiative in renaming Ballygunge Store Road, where he had built himself a house, after him.

His portrait adorns the walls of [[Mahajati Sadan]] in Calcutta.

Biographies have been written on his life and works in Bangladesh by Shankar Prasad De, Amitabha Chowdhury, Shaikat Azgar and Naresh Banerjee.

A Medal in his honour, known as "The Gurusaday Dutt Medal" along with a Cash prize, was endowed by his grandson, Devsaday Dutt, at the University of Calcutta, which is given to the student who stands First in the Post-Graduate Examination in Geography, from 2008 onwards.

Gurusaday Dutt Scholarships are also being awarded by the Sylhet Union (Srihatta Sammilani), Kolkata for brilliant students pursuing post-graduate studies.

His articles initially published in the 1930s in journals such as ''Prabashi'', ''Banglar Shakti'', ''Bangalakshmi'' and ''Aloka'' (in Bengali), have been republished in a book entitled ''Banglar Lokashipla o Lokanritya'' in August 2008.

==Family==
His daughter-in-law, [[Aroti Dutt]], was an eminent social worker, and was the World President of the Associated Countrywomen of the World for two terms and President of the Saroj Nalini Dutt Memorial Association, Calcutta.
His grandson is Devsaday Dutt, FCA (England & Wales) and his great-grandsons are Rajsaday Dutt FCA, MBA (Darden School) and Shivsaday Dutt MBA (Kelley School).{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

== See also ==
*[[Bratachari movement]]
*[[Saroj Nalini Dutt]]
*[[Gurusaday Museum]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.gurusadaymuseum.org/ Official Website of Gurusaday Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031185248/http://www.gurusadaymuseum.org/ |date=31 October 2019 }}
*[http://rajsaday.com/?p=86/ Profile of Gurusaday Dutt at Lives Less Forgotten]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dutt, Gurusaday}}
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[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni]]
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Sandakozhi (TV series)

2025-11-03T20:34:46Z

SabinaGuffey: Adding some article needs work

{{short description|Tamil television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = SandakozhiTV.jpg
| image_size =
| native_name =
| director = {{ubl|
* Melnarmaa
* G.P Thulasiraman
* S.T Gunasekaran
}}
| writer = {{ubl|
* Muthu Palanisamy
* Bharathi Thambi
}}
| based_on =
| creator =
| genre = {{ubl|
* [[Romance film|Romance]]
* [[Soap opera]]
}}
| screenplay = {{ubl|
* Amalraj
}}
| starring = {{ubl|
* [[Riya Vishwanathan]]
* Niyaz Khan
}}
| producer = {{ubl|
* CJ Anilkumar
* Sheeba Dhamodharan
}}
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 442<ref>{{Cite news |title=Popular TV show 'Sandakozhi' completes 100 episodes|work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-sandakozhi-completes-100-episodes/articleshow/102560592.cms|access-date=9 August 2023}}</ref>

| language = Tamil
| country = India
| open_theme =
| music = {{ubl|
* Rakshith. K
* Climent. G
}}
| channel = [[Zee Tamil]]
| company = Vilvam Studio
| runtime = 20–22 minutes per episode
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| editor = Bala
| cinematography = {{ubl|
* K.Nithin
* Anand Raj
}}
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2023|5|8}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2024|8|17|df=yes}}
| related = ''[[Poove Poochudava (TV series)|Poove Poochudava]]''
}}

'''''Sandakozhi''''' ({{Translation}} Fighting Rooster) is a 2023-2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil-language]] television series, aired from 8 May 2023 on [[Zee Tamil]] and streaming on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{cite web |title=சண்டக்கோழி புதிய தொடர்|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/112853/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Riya-Viswanath-acting-in-new-serial.htm|website=[[Dinamalar]]|date=27 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-27|language=ta}}</ref> The series stars [[Riya Vishwanathan]] and Niyaz Khan in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web |title='செம ட்ரீட் இருக்கும்போல' - ரியா விஸ்வநாதன் நடிக்கும் சண்டக்கோழி சீரியல் ப்ரோமோ வைரல்..!|url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/television/actress-riya-viswanathan-zee-tamizh-sandakozhi-serial-promo-viral-114123|website=tamil.abplive.com|date=27 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-27 |language=ta}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-05-08 |title=New TV show 'Sandakozhi' to launch on May 8; here's what actress Riya Vishwanathan has to say |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-tv-show-sandakozhi-to-launch-on-may-8-heres-what-actress-riya-vishwanathan-has-to-say/articleshow/100068343.cms |access-date=2023-06-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The theme of the story was taken from ''[[Poove Poochudava (TV series)|Poove Poochudava]]'', where both leads clash. The show ended on 17 August 2024 with 442 episodes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/riya-vishwanathan-niyazstarrer-sandakozhi-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/112400033.cms|title=Riya Vishwanathan-Niyaz starrer 'Sandakozhi' to go off-air soon|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 August 2024|language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Riya Vishwanathan]]<ref>{{cite web |title=ரியா விஸ்வநாதனின் புதிய சீரியல் சண்டக்கோழி!|url=https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/television-zee-tamil-sandakozhi-serial-will-be-launched-on-may-8th-955315.html|website=tamil.news18.com|date=26 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-26|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=புதிய தொடரில் நடிக்கும் ரியா விஸ்வநாதன்|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/111669/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/riya-vishwanath-commit-in-New-serial.htm|website=[[Dinamalar]]|date=7 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-07|language=ta}}</ref> as Mahalakshmi (Maha)/ Kaveri
** A well-educated woman from a lower-middle-class family, Second daughter of Ganeshan and Jyothi. She is bold, bubbly and independent. Her economic state leads her to deliver sweets for her family sweet company. She aspires to get a good job to help her family out. Because for her sister's life concern, she married Vikram.
** After she and Vikram are in a car accident, she ends up losing her memory and becomes Kaveri, a businesswoman.
* Niyaz Khan as Vikram/Murugan
** A man who has completed his studies abroad to run the family real estate business. However, he hates women and believe that they are a distraction. At starting days he hates Maha but destiny made him marry her.
** After he gets into a car accident with Maha, he loses his memory and becomes Murugan, a servant for Kaveri's household.
* Madhan Pandian as Vettri (2024)

===Recurring===
* VJ Kathir as Vijay – Vikram's younger brother; was initially a playboy, but changes after marrying Aishwarya.
* Subalakshmi Rangan (episodes 1–183) / Yalini Rajan (episodes 184–442) as Aishwarya – Maha and Suba's elder sister; the first daughter of Ganeshan and Jyothi, who helps run the family sweet business. She had a love interest on Vijay and married him.
* Kiruba as Nandini – Vikram, Vijay and Swetha's mother. She hated Maha and her family.
* Guru Hawkman as G.K – Vikram, Vijay and Swetha's father; Nandini's husband
* Tamilselvi as Jyothi – Aishwarya, Maha and Suba's mother; Ganeshan's wife. She aspires marry Maha and Aishwarya off to a good household.
* Sivakumar as Ganeshan – Aishwarya, Maha and Suba's father; Jyothi's husband
* Mohana VJ as Suba – Third daughter of Ganeshan and Jyothi; Aishwarya and Maha's younger sister.
* Udumalai Ravi as Pulimurugan – Nandini's brother and sidekick
* Rajesh Gadde as Vignesh – Ex-lover of Aishwarya. He blackmail's Aishwarya after she married with Vijay.
* Gowri as Eshwari – Saravana and Abhinaya's mother; Aishwarya, Maha and Suba's aunt; Jyothi's elder sister
* Ashok Pandian as Periyappa – Saravana and Abhinaya's father; Aishwarya, Maha and Suba's uncle; Eshwari's husband
* Anisha Ishwarya as Abhinaya – Aishwarya, Maha and Suba's cousin sister; Eshwari's daughter; Saravana's younger sister. She loved Vijay but he married Aishwarya, so she hates Maha's family.
* Navin Charles as Saravana – Abhinaya's elder brother; Aishwarya, Maha and Suba's cousin brother; Eshwari's son; Swetha's husband
* Keerthi Vijay as Swetha – Vikram and Vijay's younger sister; Saravana's wife
* KPY Raja as Perumal – friend of Vijay

=== Cameo ===
* Rayan as Ashok – Ex-fiancé of Aishwarya
* Sofiya as Anu – Ex-fiancée of Vikram
* [[Vasu Vikram]] as Poonai Kannan – A rowdy who sketch to kill Maha for Nandini
* Vasanth Gopinath as Shiva – A detective
* Vaishnavi Arulmozhi as Rudra - A doctor who saves Mahalakshmi

==Production==
===Development===
In 2023, [[Zee Tamil]] planned to reboot [[Poove Poochudava (TV series)|''Poove Poochudava'']], whilst the series would be produced by Vilvam Studio.

===Casting===
[[Riya Vishwanathan]] was cast in the female lead role as Mahalakshmi, which marks her return after [[Raja Rani (Tamil TV series)|Raja Rani 2]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=subhashini |date=2023-04-25 |title=விஜய் டிவி இல்லன்னா என்ன, வேறு சேனலில் புதிய தொடரில் கமிட் ஆன ரியா - ஹீரோ யார் தெரியுமா ? |url=https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/riya-vishwanathan-moved-to-zee-tamil/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Tamil Behind Talkies |language=ta-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=என்ன இவங்க ஜீ தமிழ் சீரியல்ல வரப்போறாங்களா?.. ராஜா ராணி 2 சீரியல் நடிகையின் லேட்டஸ்ட் அப்டேட்..|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/photos/raja-rani-2-serial-actress-riya-commits-zee-tamil-serial-sandakozhi-photos-oi103301.html|website=tamil.oneindia.com|access-date=2023-05-01 |language=ta}}</ref> Niyaz Khan was cast in the male lead role as Vikram, a businessman from a rich family. VJ Kathir was cast as Vikram's brother. Subalakshmi Rangan was initially cast to play Mahalakshmi's elder sister, but was replaced by Yalini Rajan in October 2023. Kiruba was cast to play Vikram, Vijay and Swetha's mother Nandini, the negative lead.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-26 |title=New TV serial 'Sandakozhi' to launch on May 8; deets inside |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-tv-serial-sandakozhi-to-launch-on-may-8-deets-inside/articleshow/99784023.cms |access-date=2023-05-10 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In July 2024 Madhan Pandian was cast to play new lead Vettri thus making her second collaboration with [[Zee Tamil]] after ''[[Poove Poochudava (TV series)|Poove Poochudava]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Madhan Pandian joins the cast of TV show, Sandakozhi |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/madhan-pandian-joins-the-cast-of-tv-show-sandakozhi/articleshow/109815456.cms |access-date=3 May 2024}}</ref>

===Release===
The first promo of the series was released on 25 April 2023 featuring Niyaz Khan and [[Riya Vishwanathan]] revealing the release date. The show started airing on [[Zee Tamil]] on 8 May 2023, replacing ''[[Rettai Roja]].''<ref>{{cite web |title=ஜீ தமிழின் புதிய சீரியல் 'சண்டகோழி' : இங்க பாருங்க ஒரு புது அப்டேட்..|url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/television/zee-tamizh-s-new-serial-sandakozhi-broadcast-time-announced-115255|website=tamil.abplive.com|date=4 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-04 |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=மே 8-ல் முதல் சண்டக்கோழி சீரியல்.. கதாநாயகன் யாரு தெரியுமா? |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/zee-tamil-new-serial-sandakozhi-cast-and-crew-update-442589|website=zeenews.india.com|date=4 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-04 |language=ta}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/sandakozhi/0-6-4z5355330 ''Sandakozhi''] at [[ZEE5]]

{{Zee Tamil shows}}

[[Category:Zee Tamil original programming]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:Television series reboots]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Excel (Model Engineering College)

2025-10-04T01:10:16Z

SabinaGuffey: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Model Engineering College#Excel]]

{{R to section}}

Harangaon

2025-08-09T05:50:53Z

SabinaGuffey: New New Data Added Tags

{{Multiple issues|{{Sources exist|date=November 2021}}{{disputed|date=November 2021}}}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Harangaon
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.75549669617613|N|76.96816235249041|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dewas district|Dewas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_party = BJP
| leader_title = MLA
| leader_name = Ashish Sharma
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 455336
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07274
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#MP.E2.80.94Madhya Pradesh|MP]]-41
| blank_name_sec1 =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Harangaon''' is a town and a [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]] in [[Dewas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Harangaon is a major agricultural production area in [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Earlier, Harngaon was called Harigarh.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://atithi.mppolice.gov.in/index.php?c=police-stations&page=25 | title = harangaov police station phone number | date = 10 November 2019 | newspaper = madhya pradesh Police | archive-date = 30 November 2021 | access-date = 30 November 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211130184313/http://atithi.mppolice.gov.in/index.php?c=police-stations&page=25 | url-status = dead }}</ref>{{As of|2001}} India census,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Dewas district]]

Charkhari Assembly constituency

2025-08-08T04:54:01Z

SabinaGuffey: started new entry - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Charkhari
| map_image = 231-Charkhari.svg
| mla = [[Brijbhushan Rajpoot]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Mahoba district|Mahoba]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Hamirpur (Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency)|Hamirpur]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| electors = 3,46,471
| constituency_no = 231
}}
'''Charkhari''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the entire sub-district of [[Kulpahar]] and part of the sub-district [[Charkhari]] in the [[Mahoba district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is mainly a rural constituency having small urban centers of Kulpahar, Charkhari, Panwari, Jaitpur and Kharela.

Charkhari is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Hamirpur (Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency)]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency has been numbered 231 amongst 403 constituencies.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
*1962: Mohan Lal Ahirwar, [[Indian National Congress]]<ref name="election1962">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1962/StatRep_UP_1962.pdf |title=Qrylistofparticipatingpoliticalparties |access-date=2017-01-03}}</ref>
*1967: J. Singh, [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<ref name="election1967">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf |title=List Of Political Parties |access-date=2017-01-03}}</ref>
*1969: Chandra Narain Singh, [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]<ref name="election1969">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf |title=List Of Political Parties |access-date=2017-01-03}}</ref>
*1974: Kashi Prasad, [[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]<ref name="election1974">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf |title=List Of Political Parties |access-date=2017-01-03}}</ref>
*1977: Mohan Lal, [[Indian National Congress]]<ref name="election1977">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf |title=List Of Political Parties |access-date=2017-01-03}}</ref>
*1980: Mohan Lal, [[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]<ref name="election1980">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf |title=List Of Political Parties |access-date=2017-01-03}}</ref>
*1985: Mihi Lal, [[Indian National Congress]]<ref name="election1985">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf |title=List Of Political Parties |access-date=2017-01-03}}</ref>
*1989: Kashi Prasad, [[Janata Dal]]<ref name="election1989">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf |title=List Of Political Parties |access-date=2017-01-03}}</ref>
*1991: Mihi Lal, [[Indian National Congress]]<ref name="election1991">{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 October 2015 |archive-date=6 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006055723/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*1993: Udai Prakash, [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<ref name="election1993">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf |title=List Of Political Parties |access-date=2017-01-03}}</ref>
*1996: Chhotey Lal, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref name="election1996">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf |title=TitlePage_UP-96.PDF |access-date=2017-01-03}}</ref>
*2002: Ambesh Kumari, [[Samajwadi Party]]<ref name="election2002">{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 October 2015 |archive-date=13 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713105915/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2007: Anil Kumar Ahirwar, [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<ref name="election2007">{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 October 2015 |archive-date=13 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713102642/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2012: [[Uma Bharti]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref name="election2012">{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 October 2015 |archive-date=8 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508084526/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2014: Kaptan Singh, [[Samajwadi Party]]
*2015: Urmila Rajput, [[Samajwadi Party]]<ref name="election2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/charkhari.html |title=Charkhari Assembly constituency (UP) - Bye Election Results 2015 | Current MLA | Candidate List | winner/runner-up name |publisher=Elections.in |access-date=2017-01-03}}</ref>
*2017: [[Brijbhushan Rajpoot]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
*2022: [[Brijbhushan Rajpoot]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
[[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate '''Brijbhusan Rajpoot''' alias '''Guddu Bhaiya''' won in [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate '''Ramjeevan''' by a margin of 41,881 votes.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Charkhari<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=25 May 2022 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Brijbhushan Rajput
|votes = {{formatnum:102051}}
|percentage = 45.75
|change = -0.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ramjeevan Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:60170}}
|percentage = 26.97
|change = +1.54
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Vinod Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:41087}}
|percentage = 18.42
|change = -3.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Nirdosh Kumar Dixit
|votes = {{formatnum:7187}}
|percentage = 3.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|candidate = Santosh Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:5074}}
|percentage = 2.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2256}}
|percentage = 1.01
|change = -0.31
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:41881}}
|percentage = 18.78
|change = -1.82
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:223078}}
|percentage = 64.39
|change = -1.89
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Charkhari<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Brijbhushan Rajpoot Alias Guddu Bhaiya
|votes = {{formatnum:98360}}
|percentage = 46.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Urmila Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:54346}}
|percentage = 25.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Jitendra Kumar Mishra
|votes = {{formatnum:47408}}
|percentage = 22.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Manch
|candidate = Hemlata Kushwaha
|votes = {{formatnum:2178}}
|percentage = 1.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Shakti Chetna Party
|candidate = Susheel Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2023}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2775}}
|percentage = 1.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:44014}}
|percentage = 20.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:213705}}
|percentage = 66.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150928065905/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/default.htm Official Site of Legislature in Uttar Pradesh]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120105024731/http://upgov.nic.in/upinfo/const_setup.html Uttar Pradesh Government website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051225100003/http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/UttarPradesh/upassembly-w.htm UP Assembly]
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.40|79.75|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mahoba district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Anuranjan Anand

2025-07-26T04:18:45Z

SabinaGuffey: creating initial info w/ refs...

{{Short description|Indian human geneticist (born 1965)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Anuranjan Anand
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1965|4|5}}
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = [[Human genetics]] and [[genomics]]
| workplaces = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research]]
| alma_mater = [[Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore]] [[Stanford University]]
| known_for = Studies on the molecular and cellular basis of genetic disorders
}}
'''Anuranjan Anand''' is a geneticist studying the cellular and molecular basis of human disorders. He is a molecular biology and genetics professor and an associate neuroscience faculty at the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research]].

== Biography and career ==
Anuranjan Anand did his doctoral studies at the [[Indian Institute of Science]].,<ref name="Fellow profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Anand,_Prof._Anuranjan |title=Fellow profile |date=2018-01-12 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences |access-date=2018-01-12}}</ref> and his post-doctoral studies at [[Stanford University]].<ref name="Background: The science behind the gene for sexual behavior (12/96)">{{Cite web |url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/96/961212behavbkgrd.html |title=Background: The science behind the gene for sexual behavior (12/96) |website=web.stanford.edu |access-date=2018-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614055814/http://web.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/96/961212behavbkgrd.html |archive-date=14 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He joined [[Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research]] (JNCASR) as a faculty member in the Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit (MBGU)<ref name="Faculty fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jncasr.ac.in/profile/anand.html |title=Faculty fellow |date=2018-01-12 |website=JNCASR |access-date=2018-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Handbook of Universities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKgM7P5iGwgC&pg=PA418|year=2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0607-9|pages=418–}}</ref> and later became a professor and chair (2009-2016) of the Unit.<ref name="Chair professor">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jncasr.ac.in/faculty.php?d=mb |title=Chair professor |date=2018-01-12 |website=www.jncasr.ac.in |access-date=2018-01-12}}</ref> When the institute established the Neuroscience Unit (NSU) in 2014, he was designated as its associate faculty. He was the chair of NSU during 2016 - 2022.<ref name="Neuroscience Unit">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jncasr.ac.in/nsu/welcome.html |title=Neuroscience Unit |website=www.jncasr.ac.in |access-date=2018-01-12}}</ref>

== Research ==
During his post-doctoral studies, Anuranjan Anand worked with his colleagues in Bruce Baker's laboratory on the mutations of [[fruitless (gene)|fruitless]], a gene involved in sexual behavior and courtship in [[Drosophila melanogaster]].<ref name="Background: The science behind the gene for sexual behavior (12/96)" /> In JNCASR, his primary focus is on human genetic diseases, emphasizing neurological disorders, hereditary hearing loss and rare developmental disorders<ref name="Anuranjan Anand - Home">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jncasr.ac.in/anand/ |title=Anuranjan Anand - Home |website=www.jncasr.ac.in |access-date=2018-01-12}}</ref> His laboratory has discovered several genes and mutations underlying these disorders and is currently examining their biological underpinnings employing cell- and animal- modeling approaches.<ref name="INSA :: Indian Fellows Elected">{{Cite web |url=https://insaindia.res.in/ref.php |title=INSA :: Indian Fellows Elected |website=insaindia.res.in |access-date=2018-01-12}}</ref><ref name="Indian mutation behind hearing loss">{{Cite journal |title=Indian mutation behind hearing loss |journal = Nature India|doi=10.1038/nindia.2009.91 |year = 2009}}</ref><ref name="Browse by Fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Anand=3AAnuranjan=3A=3A.html |title=Browse by Fellow |date=2018-01-14 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences |access-date=2018-01-14}}</ref><ref name="Publications Authored by Anuranjan Anand - PubFacts.com">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pubfacts.com/author/Anuranjan+Anand |title=Publications Authored by Anuranjan Anand - PubFacts.com |date=2018-01-12 |website=www.pubfacts.com |access-date=2018-01-12}}</ref><ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/38376190_Anuranjan_Anand |title=On ResearchGate |date=2018-01-09 |access-date=2018-01-09}}</ref>

== Honors ==
Anuranjan Anand received an Outstanding Research Investigator Award from the Department of Atomic Energy in 2006-2010. The [[Department of Biotechnology]] awarded him the [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]] from 2008-2011.<ref name="Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development">{{Cite web |url=http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf |title=Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development |date=2016 |publisher=Department of Biotechnology |access-date=2017-11-20 |archive-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304191331/http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is an elected fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences,<ref name="Fellowship - Indian Academy of Sciences">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/listing/fellows/A |title=Fellowship - Indian Academy of Sciences |date=2017-12-28 |website=www.ias.ac.in |language=en |access-date=2017-12-28}}</ref> National Academy of Sciences, India,<ref name="NASI Year Book 2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf|title=NASI Year Book 2015|date=2018-01-12|publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India|access-date=2018-01-12|archive-date=6 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806211716/http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[Indian National Science Academy]].<ref name="Indian fellow">{{Cite web |url=https://insaindia.res.in/detail/P16-1704 |title=Indian fellow |date=2018-01-12 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=2018-01-12}}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{Cite journal |last1=Ratnapriya |first1=Rinki |last2=Satishchandra |first2=Parthasarthy |last3=Dilip |first3=S. |last4=Gadre |first4=Girish |last5=Anand |first5=Anuranjan |date=2009-11-01 |title=Familial autosomal dominant reflex epilepsy triggered by hot water maps to 4q24-q28 |journal=Human Genetics |language=en |volume=126 |issue=5 |pages=677–683 |doi=10.1007/s00439-009-0718-6 |pmid=19597845 |s2cid=2063403 |issn=0340-6717}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Arunima |last2=Jalvi |first2=Rajeev |last3=Pandey |first3=Nishtha |last4=Rangasayee |first4=R. |last5=Anand |first5=Anuranjan |date=2009-01-01 |title=A novel locus DFNA59 for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss maps at chromosome 11p14.2–q12.3 |journal=Human Genetics |language=en |volume=124 |issue=6 |pages=669–675 |doi=10.1007/s00439-008-0596-3 |pmid=19030898 |s2cid=1718653 |issn=0340-6717}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Kapoor |first1=Ashish |last2=Ratnapriya |first2=R. |last3=Kuruttukulam |first3=Gigy |last4=Anand |first4=Anuranjan |date=2007-07-01 |title=A novel genetic locus for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy at chromosome 5q12–q14 |journal=Human Genetics |language=en |volume=121 |issue=6 |pages=655–662 |doi=10.1007/s00439-007-0360-0 |pmid=17431681 |s2cid=24729173 |issn=0340-6717}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{N-BIOS Laureates 1999–2009}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anand, Anuranjan}}
[[Category:N-BIOS Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian geneticists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:Scientists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:1965 births]]

Ālavī

2025-05-05T06:05:59Z

SabinaGuffey: Adding a details and citations

{{Short description|Ancient kingdom of northern-central India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
'''Ālavī''' ([[Pali|Pāli]]: {{Transliteration|pi|Ālavī}}) or '''Āṭavī''' ([[Sanskrit]]: {{Transliteration|pi|Āṭavī}}) was an ancient kingdom of northern-central India whose existence is attested during the [[Iron Age in India|Indian Iron Age]].

The name of the state was derived from that of its capital, named Ālabhiyā, or Ālavī (in [[Pali|Pāli]]) or Āṭavī (in [[Sanskrit]]), which lied on the road between [[Kosala]]'s capital of [[Shravasti|Sāvatthī]] and [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]]'s capital of [[Rajgir|Rājagaha]], and was located thirty [[yojana|{{Transliteration|sa|yojana}}]] from Sāvatthī and twelve {{Transliteration|sa|yojana}} from [[Vārāṇasī|Varanasi]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=197-199}}{{sfn|Sikdar|1964|p=537-538}}

==Location==
Ālavī was a small state located near the [[Ganges|Gaṅgā]] river. [[Alexander Cunningham]] and [[Vincent Arthur Smith]] identified Ālavī with the [[Ghazipur district|Ġāzīpur]] region.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=197-199}}

==History==
The inhabitants of Ālavī, called the '''Ālavakas''', were of non-[[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] origin.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=197-199}}

The 24th [[Jainism|Jain]] [[Tirthankara|Tīrthaṅkara]], [[Mahavira|Mahāvīra]], visited Ālavī city, where he converted the {{Transliteration|sa|Parivrājaka}} Pudgala to [[Śramaṇa|{{Transliteration|sa|Śramaṇa Dharma}}]] in the [[Śaṅkhavana]] [[chaitya|{{Transliteration|sa|caitya}}]]. During Mahāvīra's time, Ālavī was inhabited by [[Ṛṣibhadraputra]] and the {{Transliteration|sa|Śramaṇopāsaka}}s.{{sfn|Sikdar|1964|p=537-538}}

The [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] often visited Ālavī, especially the [[Aggalāva]] [[chaitya|{{Transliteration|pi|cetiya}}]] which was located in its capital city.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=197-199}}

The king of Ālabhiyā in the Buddha's time held the title of {{Transliteration|pi|Jiyasattū}}, meaning "conqueror of enemies."{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1953|p=197-199}}

==See also==
*[[Hatthaka of Alavi]], disciple of The Buddha

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last=Raychaudhuri |first=Hemchandra |author-link=Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri |date=1953 |title=Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of Gupta Dynasty |url= |location= |publisher=[[University of Calcutta]] |isbn=}}
*{{cite book |last=Sikdar |first=Jogendra Chandra |author-link= |date=1964 |title=Studies in the Bhagawatīsūtra |url= |location=[[Muzaffarpur]], [[Bihar]], [[India]] |publisher=Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology & Ahimsa |pages=388–464 |isbn= }}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Ancient peoples of India]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian monarchies]]

The Vault (TV series)

2025-04-16T12:09:11Z

SabinaGuffey: Adding first stub initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| based_on =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2016}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2017}}
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multiple-camera]]
| channel = [[ET Now]] [[Times Now]]
| company =
| runtime = 30 minutes
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| location =
| list_episodes =
| num_episodes = 12
| num_seasons = 1
| language = Hindi and English
| country = India
| presenter =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Rahul Singh
* Vivek Bhargava
* Mohit Geol
* [[Ameera Shah]]
* Sudip Bandyopadhyay
* Anupam Mittal
* Devansh Jain
}}
| director =
| creator = Jatin Goel
| genre = [[Reality television]]
| related =
}}

'''''The Vault''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]] business reality television series that airs on [[ET Now]] and [[Times Now]]. The show's first season featured 43 Indian start-ups that catered to multiple industry verticals. Of these, 16 start-ups received investments summing up to 11 crores Indian rupees at varying equity rates.<ref>{{cite news |title=16 Indian start-ups to fulfill their dreams as The Vault concludes |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-16-indian-start-ups-to-fulfill-their-dreams-as-the-vault-concludes-2323903 |publisher=[[DNA India]] |date=23 March 2018}}</ref>

It shows budding entrepreneurs pitching their business or business ideas to a panel of investors called Vault Keepers and seeking funding for their ventures.<ref>{{cite news |title=Now a TV reality show for startups to get funding |url=https://www.techcircle.in/2016/09/01/now-a-tv-reality-show-for-startups-to-get-funding |publisher=Tech Circle |date=1 September 2016}}</ref> The Vault Keepers decide whether to invest in their company.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Vault's Big Players Are Here: Veteran Entrepreneurs Come Together As Investors For India's Biggest Startup Reality Series |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/the-vault-investors/ |publisher=Inc 42 |date=18 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Leading Indian entrepreneurs to soon be investors on reality TV show, The Vault |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/leading-indian-entrepreneurs-to-soon-be-investors-on-reality-tv-show-the-vault/53843790 |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=24 August 2016}}</ref>

==Series overview==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Season
! rowspan="2" |Episodes
! colspan="2" |Originally aired
|-
!First aired
!Last aired
|-
| bgcolor="skyblue" |
| align="center" |1
| align="center" |12
|{{no wrap |October 2016}}
|{{no wrap |March 2018}}
|-
|bgcolor="blue" |
|align="center" | 2
| align="center" | TBA
| align=center | TBA
| align=center | TBA
|-
|}

== Investors ==
{| class="wikitable"
!{{CGuest|Vault Keepers}}
!{{CGuest|Company}}
|-
|Anupam Mittal
|Founder and CEO of [[Shaadi.com]] and People Group
|-
|Rahul Singh
|Founder and CEO of The Beer Cafe
|-
| Vivek Bhargava
| CEO of [[iProspect]] India
|-
| Sudip Bandopadhyay
|Chairman of Inditrade Capital
|-
|[[Ameera Shah]]
| Managing director of [[Metropolis Lab|Metropolis Healthcare]]
|-
|Devansh Jain
|Director of Inox Wind
|-
|Mohit Goel
|CEO of Omaxe
|}

== See also ==
* ''[[Shark Tank India]]''
* [[Dragons' Den (British TV programme)|''Dragons' Den'' (British TV programme)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vault, The}}
[[Category:2016 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Business-related television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2010s Indian television series]]
[[Category:Indian television series based on non-Indian television series]]
[[Category:The Times of India]]

National Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

2025-03-06T22:38:40Z

SabinaGuffey: Creating New Entry.

{{Short description|Indian organization}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
'''National Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities''' (NIEPID) is an autonomous organization functioning under the aegis of [[Government of India|Indian]] [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]] with the primary objective of empowering people with intellectual disabilities. NIEPID was formerly known as National Institute for the Mentally Handicapped (NIMH).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} National Institute for the Mentally Handicaped |url=https://www.niepid.nic.in/abtmain.php |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=www.niepid.nic.in}}</ref> NIEPID has three regional centers located at Noida/ New Delhi, Kolkata, & Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://niepid.nic.in/about-us-niepid/ |title=NIEPID | NIEPID Website | India }}</ref> Maj (Dr) B. V. Ram Kumar is the current Director.

== History ==
Based in [[Secunderabad]] in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], the organization was registered in 1984 and began offering its services since 1985.<ref name=about>{{cite web|title=About NIMH|url=http://www.nimhindia.org/abtmain.html|work=National Institute of Mentally Handicapped|accessdate=17 September 2013}}</ref> In 2009, the organization celebrated its 25 years of inception.<ref>{{cite news|title=NIMH celebrates silver jubilee|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/23/stories/2009022357580200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227141301/http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/23/stories/2009022357580200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 February 2009|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 February 2009}}</ref>

== Activities ==
The organization aims to work in the direction of human resources development, perform research and development, development of models of care and rehabilitation, prepare documentation and dissemination, offer consultancy services to voluntary organizations, conduct community-based rehabilitation and organize extension and outreach programs. The organization is [[ISO 9000|ISO 9001:2000]] certified.<ref name=about/>

The organization conducts various activities in order to achieve its objectives. In 2004, the organization collaborated with [[United States]]–based [[National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research]] for a workshop on [[autism]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Indo-US workshop on autism disorder|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/09/stories/2004030916140300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040621195236/http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/09/stories/2004030916140300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 June 2004|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 March 2004}}</ref> During the same time of year, the organization began offering a master's degree program in disability rehabilitation—said to be one of its kind.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wass up|url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2004/08/30/stories/2004083000410200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040927124411/http://www.hindu.com/edu/2004/08/30/stories/2004083000410200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 September 2004|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=30 August 2004}}</ref> The organization has also carried out initiatives against discrimination of people with disabilities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Authority to help disabled urged|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/03/stories/2007050318800400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914093533/http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/03/stories/2007050318800400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 September 2007|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=3 May 2007}}</ref> The institute has trained 35,000 parents since its inception by organising group parent training programs based on child characteristics and parent demographic features.<ref>{{cite news|last=V|first=Geetanath|title=Training for managing 'special child'|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/17/stories/2007011721130200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006073408/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/17/stories/2007011721130200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 October 2008|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 January 2007}}</ref> In 2011, [[Lady Gaga]] visited the organization and discussed ideas to support disabled children.<ref>{{cite news|last=Raje|first=Abhishek|title=Lady Gaga in Hyderabad!|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-06/news-and-interviews/30364089_1_lady-gaga-russell-peters-begumpet-airport|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928034040/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-06/news-and-interviews/30364089_1_lady-gaga-russell-peters-begumpet-airport|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 September 2013|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 November 2011}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.niepid.nic.in/ Official website]

[[Category:Organisations based in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1985]]
[[Category:Intellectual disability organizations]]
[[Category:Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

Malhar Koli

2024-12-29T09:41:39Z

SabinaGuffey: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Malhar]]

Vanasthalipuram Lutheran Church

2024-12-24T17:06:02Z

SabinaGuffey: Adding basic biography first draft

{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=September 2023}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2018}}
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
'''Vanasthalipuram Lutheran Church''' is a [[Lutheranism|Lutheran Church]] located in Hyderabad, India.
[[File:Lutheran Church Vanasthalipuram Hyderabad.jpg|thumb]]

== History ==
Before 1984, Lutheran families living in the Vanasthalipuram area attended the Lutheran church at Lakdikapool. At that time, Peter and Nanda Koteshwar Rao requested Reverend Lam Charles to start Sunday worship services at Vanasthalipuram. The families of Bandela Moses, K Abraham Lincoln, Balla Ratana Raju, Rapaka Ratana Kumar, B.A. Willington, E.D. Livingston, Peter, Koteshwar Rao, assembled in a private school with the name Pinky Flavour. The first worship was held on 7 October 1984. The school is now underground, rendering it impossible to get to.

The church faced many problems in its initial efforts to continue church services that P Raja Mohan Roy and B John Babu took over and helped to continue Sunday services and other festivals. Rev. Dr. M. Victorpal (ACTC Professor) established and lead the church.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lutheranchurchvsp.com/about-us/lutheran-church-vanasthalipuram-hyderabad/|title=LC VSP Hyderabad - Lutheran Church Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad|last=lutheranchurch|work=Lutheran Church Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad|access-date=2018-03-24|language=en-US}}</ref> Professors from ACTC Rev. S.V.Lutherpal, Rev. B.C. Paul, Rev. Sampurna Rao, Rev. Yesupadam, Rev. David Raj, attended to run all kind of worship.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lutheranchurchvsp.com/contact/|title=Contact - Lutheran Church Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad|last=lutheranchurch|work=Lutheran Church Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad|access-date=2018-05-03|language=en-US}}</ref>

Smt. B. Lilly Willington used to run Sunday school regularly, and was known for making special efforts to make female churchgoers more pious. When the school was moved, services continued in the house of T Yesuspadam for the next four years.

Construction of the present church was completed in 1993. The church was ceremonially opened for use in a service led by Rev. B.C Pal, Synod president, and Rev. C.H Yohan. Until it is elevated to the status of "B" Class Parish by the AELC Guntur, Lutheran church Lakdikapool continued to pay the pastor's salary.

The project had an estimated budget of over Rs.45, {{Clarify|reason=What was completed in 07? Wasn't the church completed in 93?|date=May 2018}}and was completed in its entirety in November 2007. The formal inauguration ceremony for the church was led by Dr.V.E Christopher and Rev. Elea. At that time the parish pastor was Rev. Prasanna Kumar. Every year, church anniversary celebrations take place on 6 and 7 October.

==References==
<references />

{{coord missing|Telangana}}

[[Category:Churches in Hyderabad, India]]