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Aditi Ashok

2023-10-06T16:37:22Z

SJoshi:

{{short description|Indian professional golfer|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Indian name|Aditi|Ashok}}
{{Infobox golfer
| name = Aditi Ashok
| image = Aditi Ashok.jpg
| image_size = 
| caption = Aditi in 2015
| fullname =
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1998|3|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| height = 1.73 m
| weight =
| nationality = {{IND}}
| residence = Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| college =
| yearpro = 2016
| retired = 
| tour = [[Ladies European Tour]] [[LPGA Tour]]
| extour = 
| prowins = 6
| lpgawins = 
| letwins = 4
| jlpgawins = 
| klpgawins = 
| lagtwins = 
| alpgwins = 
| futwins = 
| otherwins = 2
| majorwins = 
| anainspiration = T42: 2017
| lpga = T29: 2017
| wusopen = T33: 2023
| wbritopen = T22: 2018
| evian = T42: 2023
| wghofid = 
| wghofyear = 
| award1 = [[LET Rookie of the Year]]
| year1 = 2016
| award2 =
| year2 =
| awardssection = 
|status=Active
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalCompetition|[[Golf at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Golf at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's individual|Individual]]}}
}}
'''Aditi Ashok''' (born 29 March 1998) is an [[India|Indian]] [[professional golfer]] from [[Bangalore]]. She plays on the [[Ladies European Tour]] and [[LPGA Tour]]. She made her Olympic Games debut at the [[2016 Summer Olympics]]. She qualified for the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in [[Tokyo]], representing India in golf and finished 4th.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aditi Ashok qualifies for Tokyo Olympics, India golfer 'beyond excited' for 2nd Games appearance|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/tokyo-olympics-aditi-ashok-qualifies-2nd-games-rio-45th-rankings-1820868-2021-06-29|access-date=2021-08-03|website=India Today|date=29 June 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629213329/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/tokyo-olympics-aditi-ashok-qualifies-2nd-games-rio-45th-rankings-1820868-2021-06-29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/tokyo-olympics-2020-india-summer-olympic-games-latest-news-live-updates-august-7-day-15-aditi-ashok-golf-bajrang-punia-bronze-medal-neeraj-chopra-javelin-throw-athletics-streaming-sony-liv-4055831.html|title=Tokyo Olympics 2020 Live Updates, Day 15: Heartbreak for Aditi Ashok as She Finishes 4th In Women's Individual Golf|website=News 18|access-date=7 August 2021|archive-date=7 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807000103/https://www.news18.com/news/sports/tokyo-olympics-2020-india-summer-olympic-games-latest-news-live-updates-august-7-day-15-aditi-ashok-golf-bajrang-punia-bronze-medal-neeraj-chopra-javelin-throw-athletics-streaming-sony-liv-4055831.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Aditi was born in [[Bangalore]] to Ashok Gudlamani and Maheshwari.<ref name=wave/> She was educated at [[The Frank Anthony Public School, Bangalore|The Frank Anthony Public School]], Bangalore and graduated in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=Meet Aditi Ashok, India's future in women's golf |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/who-is-aditi-ashok-the-only-indian-woman-golfer-at-the-rio-olympics-2016/article9011908.ece |accessdate=20 August 2016 |work=The Hindu |date=20 August 2016}}</ref> When she started playing golf at the age of 5, there were only three golf courses in Bangalore. When she expressed an interest, her father took her to the Karnataka Golf Association driving range. Her father Ashok was her [[caddie]] in the 2016 Olympics,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who is Aditi Ashok - Five things to know about the Tokyo-bound Indian golfer|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/who-is-aditi-ashok-five-things-to-know-about-the-tokyo-bound-indian-golfer|access-date=2021-08-06|website=Olympics.com|archive-date=6 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806070211/https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/who-is-aditi-ashok-five-things-to-know-about-the-tokyo-bound-indian-golfer|url-status=live}}</ref> while her mother Maheshwari Ashok was her caddie for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.<ref>{{cite news |title=Olympics 2016: 5 Things To Know About Indian Golfer Aditi Ashok |url=http://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/5-things-know-about-indian-golfer-aditi-ashok |accessdate=20 August 2016 |website=Golf.com |archive-date=20 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820132838/http://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/5-things-know-about-indian-golfer-aditi-ashok |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Know Your Indian Olympian: 10 things to know about Aditi Ashok |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/know-indian-olympian-10-things-175200936.html |accessdate=20 August 2016 |work=Yahoo News |date=15 July 2016 |archive-date=19 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919183351/https://in.news.yahoo.com/know-indian-olympian-10-things-175200936.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Tokyo Olympics: Thanks to Aditi Ashok, India is watching Golf at 4am - Fans rejoice young golfer's show |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/tokyo-olympics/story/aditi-ashok-tokyo-2020-golf-4th-round-scores-golf-india-fans-saturday-morning-1837928-2021-08-07 |access-date=2021-08-07 |website=India Today |archive-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807045519/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/tokyo-olympics/story/aditi-ashok-tokyo-2020-golf-4th-round-scores-golf-india-fans-saturday-morning-1837928-2021-08-07 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
Aditi at the age of 12, played in the Asia Pacific Invitation tournament. When Aditi was 13, she became victorious in her first professional tour. She won the National Junior Championship three times in a row in 2012, 2013 and 2014. In 2014 she held junior and senior titles at the same time. She was the only Indian golfer, who played at [[Asian Youth Games]] of 2013, [[Youth Olympic Games|Youth Olympics]] and [[Asian Games]] - both in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=Tokyo Olympics: With Her Mother by Her Side, Aditi Ashok Successfully 'Putts' Golf on the Map in India|url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/tokyo-olympics-with-her-mother-by-her-side-aditi-ashok-successfully-putts-golf-on-the-map-in-india-4055957.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-07|website=News18|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807053441/https://www.news18.com/news/sports/tokyo-olympics-with-her-mother-by-her-side-aditi-ashok-successfully-putts-golf-on-the-map-in-india-4055957.html |archive-date=7 August 2021 }}</ref>

After winning the Ladies British Amateur Stroke Play Championship in 2015 she turned pro on 1 January, 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aditi Ashok Biography, Olympic Medals, Records and Age|url=https://olympics.com/en/athletes/aditi-ashok|access-date=2021-08-07|website=Olympics.com|archive-date=7 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807112700/https://olympics.com/en/athletes/aditi-ashok|url-status=live}}</ref>

She became the youngest and first Indian to win the Lalla Aicha Tour School and secured her [[Ladies European Tour]] card for the [[2016 Ladies European Tour|2016 season]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skysports.com/golf/news/12176/10107960/indias-aditi-ashok-becomes-youngest-ever-let-tour-school-winner |title=India's Aditi Ashok becomes youngest ever LET Tour School winner |publisher=Sky Sports |date=23 December 2015 |accessdate=22 July 2016 |archive-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417162411/https://www.skysports.com/golf/news/12176/10107960/indias-aditi-ashok-becomes-youngest-ever-let-tour-school-winner |url-status=live }}</ref> This win also made her the youngest winner of a [[Qualifying school|Q School]] for an international tour.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/golf/top-stories/Aditi-Ashok-looking-to-qualify-for-Rio-Olympics/articleshow/50330695.cms |title=Aditi Ashok looking to qualify for Rio Olympics |newspaper=Times of India |date=26 December 2015 |accessdate=22 July 2016 |archive-date=18 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418154343/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/golf/top-stories/Aditi-Ashok-looking-to-qualify-for-Rio-Olympics/articleshow/50330695.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Aditi won the 2016 [[Hero Women's Indian Open]] with a score of 3-under-par 213, and in the process became the first Indian to win a Ladies European Tour title.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aditi Ashok makes history by winning the Women's Indian Open |url=http://www.espn.in/golf/story/_/id/18036633/golf-aditi-ashok-wins-indian-open-becomes-first-indian-woman-win-ladies-european-tour-event |accessdate=13 November 2016 |work=ESPN |date=13 November 2016 |archive-date=14 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114001619/http://www.espn.in/golf/story/_/id/18036633/golf-aditi-ashok-wins-indian-open-becomes-first-indian-woman-win-ladies-european-tour-event |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/golf/aditi-ashok-wins-in-abu-dhabi-for-her-third-ladies-european-tour-title-4922545/ |title=Aditi Ashok wins in Abu Dhabi for her third Ladies European Tour title |date=4 November 2017 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=13 November 2017 |archive-date=13 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113222034/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/golf/aditi-ashok-wins-in-abu-dhabi-for-her-third-ladies-european-tour-title-4922545/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2016 |title=Aditi Ashok creates history, wins Indian Open |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/golf/story/aditi-ashok-indian-open-golf-351789-2016-11-13 |access-date=2021-07-26 |website=India Today |archive-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726084321/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/golf/story/aditi-ashok-indian-open-golf-351789-2016-11-13 |url-status=live }}</ref> In a country normally focused on cricket, her win garnered outsized attention for the sport of golf. Her win made the front page of the country's largest newspaper, the [[Times of India]] and she was featured nationally on television.<ref name=wave>{{cite news |work=Golf Channel |title=India's Ashok riding the wave of stardom |date=28 November 2016 |first=Randall |last=Mell |url=https://www.golfchannel.com/article/randall-mell/indias-ashok-riding-wave-stardom |access-date=21 February 2019 |archive-date=21 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221112130/https://www.golfchannel.com/article/randall-mell/indias-ashok-riding-wave-stardom |url-status=live }}</ref> She picked up a second win two weeks later at the [[Qatar Ladies Open]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2016 |first=Shobhit Kumar |last=Mittal |title=Career-high for teen golf sensation Aditi Ashok |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/golf/story/aditi-ashok-golf-rankings-354485-2016-11-28 |access-date=2021-07-26 |website=India Today |archive-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726084050/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/golf/story/aditi-ashok-golf-rankings-354485-2016-11-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> and finished the season second on the Order of Merit. She won the [[LET Rookie of the Year|Rookie of the Year]] award.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ladieseuropeantour.com/?p=38708 |title=Aditi Ashok named Rookie of the Year |publisher=Ladies European Tour |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=10 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165412/http://ladieseuropeantour.com/?p=38708 |archive-date=13 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She also gained a LPGA Tour card for 2017 via the [[LPGA Final Qualifying Tournament]].

In 2017, Aditi became the second [[LPGA]] player from India after Simi Mehra<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/04/sports/golf/india-aditi-ashok-lpga.html |title=Indian Teenager Begins a Lonely Climb in Women's Golf |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Lisa D. |last=Mickey |date=4 February 2017 |access-date=23 August 2022 |archive-date=23 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823174620/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/04/sports/golf/india-aditi-ashok-lpga.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lpga.com/news/2021/mehra-reflects-on-greatest-time-in-life |title=Trailblazer Mehra Reflects On Greatest Time In Her Life |publisher=LPGA |first=Hope |last=Barnett |date=15 June 2021 |access-date=23 August 2022 |archive-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627111039/https://www.lpga.com/news/2021/mehra-reflects-on-greatest-time-in-life |url-status=live }}</ref> and finished eighth in the [[Louise Suggs Rolex Rookie of the Year]] standings.

In 2018, she made 17 cuts at 24 events, with two top-10 finishes. She recorded a career-best T6 result at the Volunteers of America LPGA Texas Classic (formerly [[Volunteers of America LPGA North Dallas Classic]]) and tied her career-low score of 64 at the [[Walmart NW Arkansas Championship]]. She ended the year with the second-lowest putting average on the LPGA.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=LPGA |title=Aditi Ashok – Bio |accessdate=20 February 2019 |url=http://www.lpga.com/players/aditi-ashok/98652/bio |archive-date=21 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221112435/http://www.lpga.com/players/aditi-ashok/98652/bio |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2019, Aditi made 13 cut out of 22 LPGA Tour events, with best season finish of T13 at [[CP Women's Open]]. She ended the year with back-to-back second-place finishes on the Ladies European Tour.<ref>{{cite web |website=Sportstalk24 |title=Aditi Ashok finish Second at Ladies European tour |accessdate=8 December 2019 |url=https://sportstalk24.com/aditi-ashok-finish-second-at-ladies-european-tour/ |archive-date=9 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209225044/https://sportstalk24.com/aditi-ashok-finish-second-at-ladies-european-tour/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2016 Olympic Games===
At the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] in Rio de Janeiro, Aditi was the youngest participant among all golfers. She finished in 41st place.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aditi Ashok: Rio was all about the experience, but I'm here in Tokyo to win a medal |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/summer/golf/story/_/id/31956030/olympics-2021-golfer-aditi-ashok-rio-was-all-experience-tokyo-here-win-medal |access-date=22 August 2021 |work=ESPN |archive-date=22 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822164906/https://www.espn.com/olympics/summer/golf/story/_/id/31956030/olympics-2021-golfer-aditi-ashok-rio-was-all-experience-tokyo-here-win-medal |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2020 Olympic Games===
In 2021, Aditi represented India at the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in the women's individual stroke play event, in which she was ranked 200th in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Aditi Ashok: Everything you need to know about India's lion-hearted golfer Aditi Ashok |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tokyo-olympics/india-in-tokyo/tokyo-olympics-everything-you-need-to-know-about-indias-lion-hearted-golfer-aditi-ashok/articleshow/85122478.cms |access-date=2021-08-07 |newspaper=The Times of India |archive-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807135218/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tokyo-olympics/india-in-tokyo/tokyo-olympics-everything-you-need-to-know-about-indias-lion-hearted-golfer-aditi-ashok/articleshow/85122478.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Aditi finished fourth with a score of 269 and 15-under par, two shots behind gold medal winner [[Nelly Korda]] of the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tokyo Olympics: Golfer Aditi Ashok Misses Medal By A Whisker, Finishes 4th In Women's Individual Stroke Play |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/olympics-2020/tokyo-olympics-golfer-aditi-ashok-misses-medal-by-a-whisker-finishes-4th-in-womens-individual-stroke-play-2504815 |access-date=2021-08-07 |website=NDTVSports.com |archive-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807074740/https://sports.ndtv.com/olympics-2020/tokyo-olympics-golfer-aditi-ashok-misses-medal-by-a-whisker-finishes-4th-in-womens-individual-stroke-play-2504815 |url-status=live }}</ref> After 54 holes, she was in the silver medal position, and was in medal contention for most of the fourth round.<ref>{{Cite web|title=One of the greatest Olympic performances: India salutes golfer Aditi Ashok for stunning show at Tokyo 2020|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/tokyo-olympics/story/aditi-ashok-tokyo-2020-womens-golf-4th-place-reactions-1837992-2021-08-07|access-date=2021-08-07|website=India Today|archive-date=7 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807080204/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/tokyo-olympics/story/aditi-ashok-tokyo-2020-womens-golf-4th-place-reactions-1837992-2021-08-07|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Amateur wins==
*2011 USHA Karnataka Junior, Southern India Junior, Faldo Series Asia - India, East India Tolly Ladies, All India Championship
*2012 USHA Delhi Ladies, USHA Army Championship, All India Junior
*2013 Asia Pacific Junior Championship
*2014 Eastern India Ladies Amateur, USHA IGU All India Ladies & Girls Championship
*2015 Army Ladies & Junior Championship, [[St Rule Trophy]], Southern India Ladies & Junior Girls Championship, [[Ladies' British Open Amateur Stroke Play Championship]], Thailand Amateur Open

Source:<ref name=wagr>{{cite web |url=http://www.wagr.com/en/Ranking/Player.aspx?playerid=17900&isMens=False |title=Aditi Ashok |publisher=World Amateur Golf Ranking |accessdate=26 July 2016 |archive-date=22 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822185033/http://www.wagr.com/en/Ranking/Player.aspx?playerid=17900&isMens=False |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Professional wins ==
===Ladies European Tour wins (4)===
{| class="wikitable " style="font-size:95%;"
!No.
!Date
!Tournament
!Winning score
!To par
!Margin of victory
!Runner-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|13 Nov [[2016 Ladies European Tour|2016]]
|[[Hero Women's Indian Open]]
|align=right|72-69-72=213
|align=center|−3
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Brittany Lincicome]] {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Belén Mozo]]
|-
|align=center|2
|align=right|26 Nov 2016
|[[Qatar Ladies Open (golf)|Qatar Ladies Open]]
|align=right|70-66-68-69=273
|align=center|−15
|3 strokes
|{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Lydia Hall]] {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Caroline Hedwall]]
|-
|align=center|3
|align=right|4 Nov [[2017 Ladies European Tour|2017]]
|[[Fatima Bint Mubarak Ladies Open]]
|align=right|67-66-68-69=270
|align=center|−18
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Georgia Hall]]
|-
|align=center|4
|align=right|5 Feb [[2023 Ladies European Tour|2023]]
|[[Magical Kenya Ladies Open]]
|align=right|67-70-69-74=280
|align=center|−12
|9 strokes
|{{flagicon|THA}} [[April Angurasaranee]] {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Alice Hewson]]
|}

===Other wins===
*2011 Hero Professional Tour Leg 1, Hero Professional Tour Leg 3 (both as an amateur)<ref name=wagr/>

==Playoff record==
'''LPGA Tour playoff record (0–1)'''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Year!!Tournament!!Opponent(s)!!Result
|-style="background:#F08080;"
|align=center|1
|[[2023 LPGA Tour|2023]]
|[[JM Eagle LA Championship]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hannah Green (golfer)|Hannah Green]] {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Lin Xiyu]]
|Green won with par on second extra hole
|}

==World ranking==
Position in [[Women's World Golf Rankings]] at the end of each calendar year.

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 95%;"
! Year !! Ranking !! Source
|-
| 2013 || 613 || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rolexrankings.com/en/rankings/2013-12-30 |title=Women's World Golf Rankings |date=December 30, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || 540 || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rolexrankings.com/en/rankings/2014-12-29 |title=Women's World Golf Rankings |date=December 29, 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || 469 || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rolexrankings.com/en/rankings/2015-12-28 |title=Women's World Golf Rankings |date=December 28, 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || 111 || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rolexrankings.com/en/rankings/2016-12-26 |title=Women's World Golf Rankings |date=December 26, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || 82 || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rolexrankings.com/en/rankings/2017-12-25 |title=Women's World Golf Rankings |date=December 25, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || 99 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rolexrankings.com/rankings/2018-12-31 |title=Women's World Golf Rankings |date=December 31, 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || 143 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rolexrankings.com/rankings/2019-12-30 |title=Women's World Golf Rankings |date=December 30, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || 172 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rolexrankings.com/rankings/2020-12-28 |title=Women's World Golf Rankings |date=December 28, 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || 126 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rolexrankings.com/rankings/2021-12-27 |title=Women's World Golf Rankings |date=December 27, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || 193 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rolexrankings.com/rankings/2022-12-26 |title=Women's World Golf Rankings |date=December 26, 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || 46^ || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rolexrankings.com/rankings/2023-07-10 |title=Women's World Golf Rankings |date=May 1, 2023}}</ref>
|}
^ as of 10 July 2023

==Team appearances==
*[[Espirito Santo Trophy]] (representing India): [[2012 Espirito Santo Trophy|2012]], [[2014 Espirito Santo Trophy|2014]]<ref name=wagr/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{sports links}}
*{{WWGR|4405}}
*{{SR/Olympics profile|as/aditi-ashok-1}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashok, Aditi}}

[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female golfers]]
[[Category:Golfers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Bangalore]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Ladies European Tour golfers]]
[[Category:LPGA Tour golfers]]
[[Category:Olympic golfers for India]]
[[Category:Golfers at the 2016 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Golfers at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Golfers at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Golfers at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games medalists in golf]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Golfers at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]

Bajrang Punia

2023-10-06T04:42:57Z

SJoshi:

{{Short description|Indian freestyle wrestler (born 1994)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Bajrang Punia
| image = Bajrang Punia receiving Arjuna Award-2015 (cropped).jpg
| caption = President [[Pranab Mukherjee]] presenting the [[Arjuna Award]] to Punia in 2015
| image_size = 
| headercolor =
| birth_name =
| fullname =
| nickname =
| nationality = Indian
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|02|26|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Khudan]], [[Jhajjar]], [[Haryana]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| occupation = wrestler
| height = 1.66 m
| weight = 65 kg
| spouse = [[Phogat sisters#Details|Sangeeta Phogat]] (m. 2020)
| website =
| country = India
| sport = [[Wrestling]]
| event = [[Freestyle wrestling|Freestyle]]
| collegeteam =
| club =
| team =
| turnedpro =
| coach = [[Sujeet Maan]]
| retired =
| coaching =
| regionals =
| nationals =
| olympics =
| paralympics =
| highestranking =
| pb =
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport | Men's [[Freestyle Wrestling]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalCount | total = yes
| [[Summer Olympic Games|Olympic Games]] | — | — | 1
| [[World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]] | — | 1 | 3
| [[Asian Games]] | 1 | 1 | —
| [[Commonwealth Games]] | 2 | 1 | —
| [[World U23 Wrestling Championships]] | — | 1 | —
| [[Asian Wrestling Championships|Asian Championships]] | 2 | 4 | 2
| [[Commonwealth Wrestling Championship|Commonwealth Championships]] | 2 | — | —
}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}}
[[File:Olympic rings.svg|center|80px]]
{{MedalBronze|[[2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Tokyo]]|[[Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 World Wrestling Championships|2018 Budapest]]|[[2018 World Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2013 World Wrestling Championships|2013 Budapest]]|[[2013 World Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 60 kg|60 kg]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2019 World Wrestling Championships|2019 Nur-Sultan]]|[[2019 World Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 World Wrestling Championships|2022 Belgrade]]|[[2022 World Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Wrestling at the 2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[Wrestling at the 2018 Asian Games – Men's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Wrestling at the 2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]]|[[Wrestling at the 2014 Asian Games – Men's freestyle 61 kg|61 kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[Wrestling at the 2018 Commonwealth Games|2018 Gold Coast]] | [[Wrestling at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]] | [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver| [[Wrestling at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|2014 Glasgow]] | [[Wrestling at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 61 kg|61 kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Wrestling Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 Asian Wrestling Championships|2017 New Delhi]]|[[2017 Asian Wrestling Championships#Men.27s freestyle|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 Asian Wrestling Championships|2019 Xi'an]]|[[2019 Asian Wrestling Championships#Men.27s freestyle|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2014 Asian Wrestling Championships|2014 Astana]]|[[2014 Asian Wrestling Championships#Men.27s freestyle|61 kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2020 Asian Wrestling Championships|2020 New Delhi]]|[[2020 Asian Wrestling Championships - Results#65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2021 Asian Wrestling Championships|2021 Almaty]]|[[2020 Asian Wrestling Championships – Results#65 kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver| [[2022 Asian Wrestling Championships|2022 Ulanbator]] |[[2022 Asian Wrestling Championships – Results#65_kg|65 kg]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2013 Asian Wrestling Championships|2013 New Delhi]]|[[2013 Asian Wrestling Championships#Men.27s freestyle|60 kg]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2018 Asian Wrestling Championships|2018 Bishkek]]|65 kg}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World U23 Wrestling Championships|World U23 Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2017 World U23 Wrestling Championship|2017 Bydgoszcz]]|[[2017 World U23 Wrestling Championship#Men.27s freestyle|65kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Wrestling Championship|Commonwealth Championship]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2017 Brakpan| 65 kg }}
{{MedalGold| 2016 Singapore<ref name="2016 CWC">{{cite news |title=India dominates |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/india-dominates/article9313172.ece |access-date=8 November 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=7 November 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161108192509/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/india-dominates/article9313172.ece |archive-date=8 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | 65 kg }}
{{Medal|Competition | [[Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games]] }}
{{Medal|Gold | [[2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games|2017 Ashgabat]] | 70 kg }}
{{MedalCompetition |Bolat Turlykhanov Cup}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Bolat Turlykhanov Cup|2022 Almaty]]|[[2022 Bolat Turlykhanov Cup#65 kg|65 kg]]}}
}}


'''Bajrang Punia''' (born 26 February 1994) is an Indian [[freestyle wrestler]], who competes in the [[Wrestling weight classes#Olympic and international weight classes|65-kg weight category]]. At the [[2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Tokyo Olympics]], Punia won a [[Olympic bronze medal|bronze medal]] by defeating Kazakhstan's [[Daulet Niyazbekov]] with a 8–0 margin.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Rohan |last=Sen|title=Tokyo 2020: Wrestler Bajrang Punia beats Daulet Niyazbekov to win bronze, adds 6th medal in India's tally|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/tokyo-olympics/story/bajrang-punia-vs-daulet-niyazbekov-wrestling-mens-65kg-bronze-medal-match-result-tokyo-2020-1838100-2021-08-07|date=2021-08-07|access-date=2021-08-24|website=[[India Today]]|location=Tokyo|language=en}}</ref> Punia is the only Indian wrestler to win 4 medals at the [[World Wrestling Championships]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=WHO IS BAJRANG PUNIA |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/about/who-is-bajrang-punia |access-date=2022-05-20}}</ref> He is one of the leaders of the ongoing [[2023 Indian wrestlers' protest]] against [[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Head of Indian wrestling federation accused of sexual harassment |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/19/head-of-indian-wrestling-federation-accused-of-sexual-harassment |access-date=2023-04-25 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |agency=Reuters in Delhi |date=2023-01-19}}</ref>

== Early life and background ==

Punia was born in [[Khudan]], [[Jhajjar district|Jhajjar]], [[Haryana]], India.<ref name="Saini, 2014">{{cite news |last1=Saini |first1=Ravinder |title=Silver medallist Bajrang's native village erupts in joy |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140801/haryana.htm#5 |access-date=6 April 2018 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |agency=[[Tribune News Service]] |date=31 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303200744/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140801/haryana.htm#5 |archive-date=3 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=tri1>{{Cite web|first=Ravinder |last=Saini|title=Bajrang's village celebrates the proud moment|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/haryana/bajrang-s-village-celebrates-the-proud-moment-407054|date=2017-05-14|access-date=2021-08-24|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|language=en}}</ref> He began wrestling at the age of seven and was encouraged to pursue the sport by his father.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Glasgow 2014 - Bajrang Bajrang Profile|url=http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/cycling_road/1021952/bajrang_bajrang.html|website=g2014results.thecgf.com|publisher=[[Commonwealth Games Federation]]|access-date=2015-10-30}}</ref> Punia grew up in rural area. His family did not have money for traditional sports. Instead, he had to partake in free sports like [[Wrestling]] and [[Kabaddi]].<ref name="Blaine Henry">{{cite web|url=http://fight-library.com/2020/06/01/bajrang-punia-in-the-middle-of-difficultly-lies-opportunity/ |title=Bajrang Punia: In The Middle of Difficulty Lies Opportunity|publisher=fight-library.com|first=Blaine|last=Henry|date=June 1, 2020|access-date=August 24, 2021}}</ref> Punia's father was a wrestler as well and at a young age, his family enrolled him in a local mud wrestling school. Punia started to skip school to go to wrestling practice.<ref name="Blaine Henry"/> He went to Chattarsal Stadium in 2008 where he was trained by Ramphal Mann. In 2015, his family moved to [[Sonepat]] so that he could attend a regional center of [[Sports Authority of India]].

Currently, he works in the [[Indian Railways]] on the post of Gazetted officer OSD Sports.<ref name=tri1/>

Punia is married to fellow wrestler [[Sangeeta Phogat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venkat |first=Rahul |date=23 February 2021 |title=Indian wrestler Bajrang Punia married Sangeeta Phogat in a low-key ceremony in Phogat's village in Haryana. |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-wrestler-bajrang-punia-married-sangeeta-phogat-Punia-haryana |website=olympics.com}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== [[2013 Asian Wrestling Championships]] ===
In [[New Delhi]], India, in the semi-final bout, Bajrang lost 3–1 to [[Hwang Ryong-hak]] of [[North Korea]] to win the bronze medal in the men's freestyle 60 kg category.

In the Round of 16, he faced Shogo Maeda of [[Japan]], beating him 3–1. His opponent in the quarter-finals was Morad Hassan of [[Iran]] whom he beat 3–1 to qualify for the semi-finals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wrestling Database|url=https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbfoeldeak/daten.php?spid=C826C010ABEF4ECEA4FB43CA531B8D75&kaempfe=1&wkid=B4C8D6FE72424D4FAA62A1BBEF8AC3BA&gkl=2&spid=C826C010ABEF4ECEA4FB43CA531B8D75|website=iat.uni-leipzig.de|access-date=2015-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210618/https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbfoeldeak/daten.php?spid=C826C010ABEF4ECEA4FB43CA531B8D75&kaempfe=1&wkid=B4C8D6FE72424D4FAA62A1BBEF8AC3BA&gkl=2&spid=C826C010ABEF4ECEA4FB43CA531B8D75|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== [[2013 World Wrestling Championships]] ===
In Budapest, Hungary, Bajrang won the bronze medal in the men's freestyle 60 kg category by qualifying for the bronze medal bout through the repechage round. There, he met [[Enkhsaikhany Nyam-Ochir]] of [[Mongolia]] and beat him 9–2.

In the Round of 32, he faced Vladimir Dubov of Bulgaria who beat him 7–0. With the Bulgarian grappler qualifying for the final bout, Bajrang then faced Shogo Maeda of [[Japan]] and earned a walkover. His next opponent was [[Ivan Guidea]] of [[Romania]], and with a 10–3 win over the Romanian, Bajrang earned a spot in the bronze medal bout.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-18 |title=Wrestler Bajrang wins bronze, gives India second medal at Worlds-Sports News |website=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/wrestler-bajrang-wins-bronze-gives-india-second-medal-at-worlds-1116365.html |access-date=2022-05-20 |language=en}}</ref>

=== [[2014 Commonwealth Games]] ===
In [[Glasgow]], Scotland, he won the [[Wrestling at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 61 kg|silver medal]] in the men's freestyle 61 kg category, after losing 1–4 to [[David Tremblay]] of [[Canada at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|Canada]].

In the Round of 16, Bajrang faced [[Sasha Madyarchyk]] of [[England at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|England]] and beat him 4–0. He faced [https://www.sportsmole.co.uk/athletics/glasgow-2014-commonwealth-games-2014/sasha-madyarchyk-of-england-lifts-marno-plaatjies-of-south-africa-in-the-mens-61kg-wrestling-at-scottish-exhibition-and-conference-centre-during-day-seven-of-the-glasgow-2014-commonwealth-games-on-july-30-2014_photo_31181.html Marno Plaatjies] of [[South Africa at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|South Africa]] in the quarter-finals and won 4–1. The [[Nigeria at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|Nigerian]] wrestler, [[Amas Daniel]], was his opponent in the semi-finals and overcame him in a 3–1 score line.<ref name="ibn">{{cite web |title=Bajrang Kumar wins bronze at World Wrestling Championships |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bajrang-kumar-wins-bronze-at-world-wrestling-championships/422837-5-23.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920165108/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bajrang-kumar-wins-bronze-at-world-wrestling-championships/422837-5-23.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 September 2013|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=17 September 2013 |access-date=2021-08-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ritu |last=Sejwal |title=Bajrang wins bronze at World Wrestling Championships |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-17/wrestling/42147393_1_bajrang-repechage-round-bronze-medal-match |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921030958/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-17/wrestling/42147393_1_bajrang-repechage-round-bronze-medal-match |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 September 2013|date=17 September 2013 |access-date=2013-09-19 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== [[2014 Asian Games]] ===
In Incheon, South Korea, he won the silver medal in the Men's freestyle 61 kg category, after losing 1–3 to Masoud Esmaeilpoorjouybari of [[Iran at the 2014 Asian Games|Iran]].

In the Round of 16, he faced Tuvshintulga Tumenbileg of [[Mongolia at the 2014 Asian Games|Mongolia]] and beat him 3–1. His quarter-finals opponent was Farkhodi Usmonzoda of [[Tajikistan at the 2014 Asian Games|Tajikistan]] whom he beat 4–1 to qualify for the semi-finals. He was assured of a medal when he beat Noriyuki Takatsuka of [[Japan at the 2014 Asian Games|Japan]] 4–1 in the semi-finals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Athletes_Profile {{!}} Biographies {{!}} Sports |url=http://www.incheon2014ag.org/Sports/Biographies/Athletes_Profile/?ParticCode=5123764&lang=en |website=incheon2014ag.org |access-date=2015-10-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004050025/http://www.incheon2014ag.org/Sports/Biographies/Athletes_Profile/?ParticCode=5123764&lang=en |archive-date=2014-10-04 }}</ref>

=== [[2014 Asian Wrestling Championships]] ===
In Astana, Kazakhstan, Bajrang won the silver medal in the men's freestyle 61 kg category, losing 0–4 to [[Masoud Esmaeilpour]] of [[Iran at the 2014 Asian Games|Iran]].

In the Round of 16, Bajrang met [[Lee Seung-Chul]] of [[South Korea]] whom he beat 3–1. In the quarter-finals, he faced Noriyuki Takatsuka of [[Japan at the 2014 Asian Games|Japan]] whom he beat 3–1 to qualify for the semi-finals. There he met Nazmandakh Lhamgarmaa of [[Mongolia]] whom he beat 3–1 to assure himself of a medal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Wrestling Database|url=https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbfoeldeak/daten.php?spid=C826C010ABEF4ECEA4FB43CA531B8D75&kaempfe=1&wkid=84E8A4B9BFCA48C681E102C22453AB5A&gkl=2&spid=C826C010ABEF4ECEA4FB43CA531B8D75|website=iat.uni-leipzig.de|access-date=2015-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305025645/https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbfoeldeak/daten.php?spid=C826C010ABEF4ECEA4FB43CA531B8D75&kaempfe=1&wkid=84E8A4B9BFCA48C681E102C22453AB5A&gkl=2&spid=C826C010ABEF4ECEA4FB43CA531B8D75 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== [[2015 World Wrestling Championships]] ===
Unlike his fellow [[Narsingh Pancham Yadav|Narsingh Yadav]], Bajrang wasn't able to win a medal at the tournament in Las Vegas and finished 5th.<ref name="International Wrestling Database">{{Cite web|title=International Wrestling Database|url=https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbfoeldeak/daten.php?wkid=1F195AD0291842159A21D4F8C57AB5AD&gkl=2|website=iat.uni-leipzig.de|access-date=2015-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008031148/https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbfoeldeak/daten.php?wkid=1F195AD0291842159A21D4F8C57AB5AD&gkl=2|archive-date=8 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the Round of 32, he met Batboldyn Nomin of [[Mongolia]] who beat him 10–0. With the Mongolian qualifying for the final bout in the 61 kg category, Bajrang got a chance to contest in the [[Repechage|Repêchage]] round. His first opponent in the repêchage round was [[Reece Humphrey]] of the [[United States|USA]] whom he beat 6–0 easily. The second repêchage opponent was [[Beka Lomtadze]] from [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] who put up a fight but was ultimately overcome 13–6 by the Indian. Unfortunately, he fell at the last hurdle, drawing the bronze medal bout 6–6 but his opponent [[Vasyl Shuptar]] of [[Ukraine]], scoring the last point.<ref name="International Wrestling Database"/>

===Asian Wrestling Championship 2017===
In 2017 May, he won a gold medal at the [[Asian Wrestling Championship]] held in Delhi.<ref name=tri1/>

=== Pro Wrestling League ===
Bajrang was the second acquisition of the JSW owned Bangalore franchise in the auction conducted in New Delhi. The wrestler was picked up for a sum of Rs 29.5 lakh.<ref>{{Cite web |first=K |last=Kumaraswamy |title=JSW bag Narsingh at Pro Wrestling League auction |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/wrestling/JSW-bag-Narsingh-at-Pro-Wrestling-League-auction/articleshow/49648515.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2015-11-03 |access-date=2021-08-24}}</ref>

The Pro Wrestling League was scheduled to be held from 10 December to 27 December across six cities.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pro Wrestling League: Yogeshwar Dutt gets Rs 39.7-lakh offer, Sushil Kumar Rs 38.2 lakh - The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/pro-wrestling-league-yogeshwar-dutt-gets-rs-39-7-lakh-offer-sushil-kumar-rs-38-2-lakh/articleshow/49651282.cms |work= [[The Economic Times]] |access-date=2015-11-05 |date=2015-11-04 |last1=Sharma |first1=Ravi Teja}}</ref>

===[[2018 Commonwealth Games]]===
In [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]], Australia, he won the [[Wrestling at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 65 kg|gold medal]] in the men's freestyle 65 kg category. He overcame Kane Charig of Wales by Technical Superiority to clinch the gold.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CWG 2018: Wrestler Bajrang Punia bags Gold in Men's Freestyle 65kg category |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/cwg-2018-wrestler-bajrang-punia-bags-gold-in-men-s-freestyle-65kg-category-1211300-2018-04-13 |date=2018-04-13 |access-date=2021-07-19 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

===[[2018 Asian Games]]===
On August 19, he won the Men's freestyle 65 kg /Gold medal. He defeated Japanese Wrestler Takatani Daichi 11–8; the score was locked at 6–6 after the first round.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Shivani |last=Naik |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/asian-games/asian-games-2018-wresting-day-wrestler-bajrang-punia-wins-gold-5314833/ |title=Wrestler Bajrang Punia brings India first Asian Games gold |date=2018-08-20 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=2018-08-20 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="wrestling_results_book_asian_games_2018">{{Cite web |title=Official Result Book - Wrestling 19–22 August |url=http://www.ocagames.com/orb/files/4/112/AG2018_OfficialResultBook_Wrestling_v1.0.pdf |publisher=[[Olympic Council of Asia]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203161810/http://www.ocagames.com/orb/files/4/112/AG2018_OfficialResultBook_Wrestling_v1.0.pdf |archive-date=3 February 2020 |access-date=18 May 2020}}</ref>

=== [[2018 World Wrestling Championships]] ===
Bajrang won Silver at the 2019 World Wrestling Championships. After that Silver Medal, he claimed World No. 1 in 65 kg category.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/top-stories/bajrang-becomes-number-one-in-world-in-65kg.html |title=Bajrang becomes number one in world in 65kg |date=2018-08-20 |work=[[The Pioneer (India) |The Pioneer]] |access-date=2018-11-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== [[2019 World Wrestling Championships]] ===
Bajrang won Bronze for the second time at a World Championship, thereby qualifying India for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics in the 65 kg freestyle wrestling event.

=== 2020 Rome Ranking Series ===

On 18 January, Bajrang defeated Jordan Oliver 4–3 in the final in the 65 kg freestyle category at the Ranking Series.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/bajrang-punia-wins-gold-at-rome-ranking-series-event-1638159-2020-01-18 |title=Bajrang Punia wins gold at Rome Ranking Series event |location=Rome |newspaper=[[India Today]] |language=en |access-date=2020-01-18 |agency=}}</ref>

=== [[Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2021]] ===
In 2021, he won the gold medal in the 65 kg event at the [[Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2021]] held in Rome, Italy.<ref name="results_book_matteo_pellicone_ranking_series_2021">{{Cite web |title=Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2021 |url=https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/final-book_matteo_pellicone_2021.pdf |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321221706/https://uww.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/final-book_matteo_pellicone_2021.pdf |archive-date=21 March 2021 |access-date=21 March 2021 |publisher=[[United World Wrestling]]}}</ref>

=== [[2021 Asian Wrestling Championships]] ===
He clinched a silver medal at the [[2021 Asian Wrestling Championships]] after losing to [[Takuto Otoguro]] in the final.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Subhayan |date=February 23, 2021 |title=The Takuto Otoguro conundrum for Bajrang Punia |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-wrestler-bajrang-punia-takuto-otoguro-tokyo-olympics |website=olympics.com}}</ref>

===2020 Tokyo Olympics===
On 6 August 2021, he won the pre-quarterfinal match in 65 kg category in [[2020 Summer Olympics]] against [[Ernazar Akmataliev]] and his quarter-final match against [[Morteza Ghiasi|Morteza Ghiasi Cheka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Olympic Schedule & Results - 6 Aug |publisher=Tokyo 2020 Olympics |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/all-sports/olympic-schedule-and-results-date=2021-08-06.htm |access-date=2021-08-06 |language=en-us |archive-date=24 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824062234/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/all-sports/olympic-schedule-and-results-date=2021-08-06.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bajrang Punia reaches Olympic wrestling 65kg semifinals in Tokyo, to face Haji Aliyev |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/olympics/tokyo-olympics/india-in-tokyo/bajrang-punia-65kg-freestyle-wrestling-quarterfinal-match-result-report-score/article35757879.ece |date=2021-08-06 |access-date=2021-08-24 |website=The Hindu |language=en-us}}</ref>

In the bronze medal match he defeated the Kazakhstani wrestler Daulet Niyazbekov, winning by a margin of 8–0.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 7, 2021 |title=Bajrang Punia wins bronze in Tokyo 2020: Every athlete dreams of winning an Olympic medal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/tokyo-olympics/story/bajrang-punia-exclusive-tokyo-2020-bronze-medal-win-indian-wrestling-team-1838176-2021–08-07 |access-date=2022-05-20 |newspaper=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

Bajrang and other Indian Olympians were featured in a [[Thums Up#2020 Olympics|can]] by the Indian soft drink manufacturer, [[Thums Up]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thums Up faces brickbats for roping in athletes in its latest ad for Olympics |website=Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/advertising-news/thumbs-up-faces-brickbats-for-roping-in-athletes-in-its-latest-ad-114265.html |access-date=2022-05-20 |language=en}}</ref>

===[[2022 Commonwealth Games]]===
Bajrang Punia clinched the gold medal with a dominating win over Canada's Lachlan McNeil in the 65kg final bout at the [[2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CWG 2022: Bajrang Punia Wins India's First Gold Medal In Wrestling At Commonwealth Games |url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/cwg-2022-bajrang-punia-wins-gold-in-mens-wrestling-freestyle-65kg-5696365.html |date=2022-08-05 |publisher=[[News18_India]] |language=en}}</ref>

==International competitions==

===World Championship===
{| Class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Opponent
|-
|2022
|[[2022 World Wrestling Championships]]
|[[Belgrade]]
|[[2022 World Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]
|{{bronze03}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Sebastian Rivera]]|PUR}}
|-
|-
|2019
|[[2019 World Wrestling Championships]]
|[[Nur-sultan]]
|[[2019 World Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]
|{{bronze03}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Daulet Niyazbekov]]|KAZ}}
|-
|2018
|[[2018 World Wrestling Championships]]
|[[Budapest]]
|[[2018 World Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]
|{{Silver02}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Takuto Otoguro]]|JPN}}
|-
|2017
|[[2017 World Wrestling Championships]]
|[[Paris France]]
|[[2017 World Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]
|13th
|{{flagathlete|[[Zurabi Iakobishvili]]|GEO}}
|-
|2016
|[[2016 World Wrestling Championships]]
|[[Budapest]]
|[[2016 World Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 61 kg|61 kg]]
|9th
|{{flagathlete|[[Akhmednabi Gvarzatilov]]|AZE}}
|-
|2015
|[[2015 World Wrestling Championships]]
|[[Las Vegas]]
|[[2015 World Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 61 kg|61 kg]]
|5th
|{{flagathlete|[[Batboldyn Nomin]]|MGL}}
|-
|2013
|[[2013 World Wrestling Championships]]
|[[Budapest|Hungry]]
| [[2013 World Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 60 kg|60 kg]]
|{{bronze03}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Vladimir Dubov]]|BUL}}
|}

===U23 World Championship===
{| Class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Opponent
|-
|2017
|[[2017 World Wrestling Championships|2017 World U23 Wrestling Championships]]
|[[Bydgoszcz]]
|[[2017 World U23 Wrestling Championship#Men.27s freestyle|65 kg]]
|{{Silver02}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Nachyn Kuular]]|RUS}}
|}

===Asian Games===
{| Class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Opponent
|-
|2018
|[[2018 Asian Games]]
|[[Jakarta]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2018 Asian Games - Men's freestyle 65 kg|65kg]]
|{{Gold01}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Daichi Takatani]]|JPN}}
|-
|2014
|[[2014 Asian Games]]
|[[Incheon]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2014 Asian Games - Men's freestyle 61 kg|61kg]]
|{{Silver02}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Masoud Esmaeilpour]]|IRI}}
|}

===Commonwealth Games===
{| Class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Opponent
|-
|2022
|[[2022 Commonwealth Games]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games - Men's freestyle 65 kg|65kg]]
|{{Gold01}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Lachlan McNeil (wrestler)|Lachlan McNeil]]|CAN}}
|-
|2018
|[[2018 Commonwealth Games]]
|[[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2018 Commonwealth Games - Men's freestyle 65 kg|65kg]]
|{{Gold01}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Kane Charig]]|WAL}}
|-
|2014
|[[2014 Commonwealth Games]]
|[[Glasgow]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2014 Commonwealth Games - Men's freestyle 61 kg|61kg]]
|{{Silver02}}
|{{flagathlete|[[David Tremblay]]|CAN}}
|}

===Asian Wrestling Championship===
{| Class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Opponent
|-
|2021
|[[2021 Asian Wrestling Championships]]
|[[Almaty]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2021 Asian Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 65 kg|65kg]]
|{{Silver02}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Takuto Otoguro]]|JPN}}
|-
|2020
|[[2020 Asian Wrestling Championships]]
|[[New Delhi]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2020 Asian Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 65 kg|65kg]]
|{{Silver02}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Takuto Otoguro]]|JPN}}
|-
|2019
|[[2019 Asian Wrestling Championships]]
|[[Xi'an]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2019 Asian Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 65 kg|65kg]]
|{{Gold01}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Sayatbek Okassov]]|KAZ}}
|-
|2018
|[[2018 Asian Wrestling Championships]]
|[[Bishkek]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2018 Asian Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 65 kg|65kg]]
|{{Bronze03}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Daichi Takatani]]|JPN}}
|-
|2017
|[[2017 Asian Wrestling Championships]]
|[[New Delhi]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2017 Asian Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 65 kg|65kg]]
|{{Gold01}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Seunghui Lee]]|KOR}}
|-
|2016
|[[2016 Asian Wrestling Championships]]
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2016 Asian Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 65 kg|65kg]]
|10th
|{{flagathlete|[[Kum Su JON]]|PRK}}
|-
|2014
|[[2014 Asian Wrestling Championships]]
|[[Astana]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2014 Asian Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 61 kg|61kg]]
|{{Silver02}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Masoud Esmaeilpour]]|IRI}}
|-
|2013
|[[2013 Asian Wrestling Championships]]
|[[New Delhi]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2013 Asian Wrestling Championships - Men's freestyle 60 kg|60kg]]
|{{bronze03}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yang Jae-hoon]]|KOR}}
|}

=== Olympics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Competition
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Opponent
|-
|2021
|[[2020 Summer Olympics|Tokyo Olympics 2020]]
|[[Tokyo]]
|[[2017 World U23 Wrestling Championship#Men.27s freestyle|65 kg]]
|{{bronze03}}
|{{flagathlete|Daulet Niyazbekov|Kazakhstan}}
|}

==Record against opponents==

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:small"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Weight
! rowspan="2" | Players
! rowspan="2" | Matches
! colspan="2" | Results
! rowspan="2" | Change
|-
! Won
!Lost
|-
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|CUB}} [[Alejandro Valdés]]
| 1 || 1 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +1
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Takuto Otoguro]]
| 2 || 0 || 2 || style="background:#ffddee" | −2
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Daichi Takatani]]
| 3 || 2 || 1 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +1
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Zurabi Iakobishvili]]
| 1 || 0 || 1 || style="background:#ffddee" | −1
|-
|61 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Beka Lomtadze]]
| 1 || 1 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +1
|-
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|MGL}} [[Batchuluuny Batmagnai]]
| 4 || 3 || 1 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +2
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|MGL}} [[Tömör-Ochiryn Tulga]]
| 2 || 2 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +2
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|MGL}} [[Batboldyn Nomin]]
| 1 || 0 || 1 || style="background:#ffddee" | −1
|-
|61 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|MGL}} [[Enkhsaikhany Nyam-Ochir]]
| 2 || 1 || 1 || style="background:#ffddee" | 0
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Lee Seung-chul]]
| 3 || 3 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +3
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Daulet Niyazbekov]]
| 2 || 1 || 1 || style="background:#fffff0" | 0
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Ashirov Meirzhan]]
| 2 || 2 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +2
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Sayatbek Okassov]]
| 1 || 1 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +1
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|IRI}} [[Meisam Nassiri]]
| 2 || 1 || 1 || style="background:#fffff0" | 0
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|IRI}} [[Younes Emami]]
| 4 || 4 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +4
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|IRI}} [[Masoud Esmaeilpour]]
| 3 || 0 || 3 || style="background:#ffddee" | −3
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|PRK}} [[Kim Kuk-gwang]]
| 1 || 1 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +1
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Viktor Rassadin]]
| 2 || 2 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +2
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Murshid Mutalimov]]
| 1 || 1 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +1
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Kurban Shiraev]]
| 1 || 1 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +1
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Nachyn Kuular]]
| 1 || 0 || 1 || style="background:#ffddee" | −1
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Sirojiddin Khasanov]]
| 3 || 3 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +3
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Zain Retherford]]
| 2 || 1 || 1 || style="background:#fffff0" | 0
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Oliver Jordan]]
| 2 || 2 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +2
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Yianni Diakomihalis]]
| 1 || 0 || 1 || style="background:#ffddee" | −1
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Gor Ogannesyan]]
| 2 || 2 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +2
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Vasyl Shuptar]]
| 1 || 1 || 1 || style="background:#fffff0" | 0
|-

|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Mustafa Kaya]]
| 2 || 1 || 1 || style="background:#fffff0" | 0
|-
|65 kg
| style="text-align:left" | {{flagicon|TJK}} [[Abdulqosim Fayziev]]
| 3 || 3 || 0 || style="background:#ccffcc" | +3
|}
{{col-end}}

== Awards ==
[[File:Padma Shri Bajrang Punia.jpg|thumb|The President, [[Ram Nath Kovind]] presenting the [[Padma Shri Award]] to Punia at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] in [[New Delhi]], 2019.]]

* [[Arjuna Award]], 2015<ref>{{Cite web |title=JSW-supported Bajrang Punia and Babita Kumari receive Arjuna Award |url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/general-sports/jsw-supported-bajrang-punia-babita-kumari-receive-arjuna-award |website=sportskeeda.com |date=29 August 2015 |access-date=2015-10-30}}</ref>
*[[Padma Shri|Padma Shri Award]], 2019<ref>{{Cite web |first=Abhimanyu |last=Mathur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/off-the-field/bajrang-punia-the-padma-honour-more-than-makes-up-for-the-khel-ratna-snub/articleshow/67709916.cms |title=Bajrang Punia: The Padma honour more than makes up for the Khel Ratna snub |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2019-03-11 |date=2019-01-28}}</ref>
* [[Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna]] award, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wrestler Bajrang Punia to get Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/bajrang-punia-likely-rajiv-gandhi-khel-ratna-2019-wrestling-asian-games-gold-medalist-1581445-2019-08-16 |date=2019-08-16 |access-date=2021-08-24 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>
*[[FICCI]] India Sports Award 2020<ref>{{cite news |title=Bajrang Punia, Elavenil Valarivan bag top honours at FICCI India Sports Awards |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/bajrang-punia-elavenil-valarivan-bag-top-honours-at-ficci-india-sports-awards/article33288239.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=9 December 2020 |access-date=24 August 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

;For winning the bronze medal at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics
* {{INRConvert|30|l}} from the Government of India.<ref name="home_state">{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Nitin |date=12 July 2021 |title=Rs 6 crore or Rs 25 lakh for Olympics gold? Home state key to cash prize|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/olympics/rs-6-crore-or-rs-25-lakh-for-olympics-gold-home-state-key-to-cash-prize-7400117/ |work=[[Indian Express]] |location=|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>
* {{INRConvert|2.5|c}} from the [[Government of Haryana]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Basu |first=Hindol |date=23 July 2021 |title=Tokyo Olympics: Indians to get highest cash award for winning medals|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tokyo-olympics/indiatokyo/tokyo-olympics-indians-to-get-highest-cash-award-for-winning-medals/articleshow/84667399.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |location=|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>
* {{INRConvert|25|l}} from the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]<ref name="raining">{{cite news |author= |date=7 August 2021 |title=Raining rewards for Olympic gold medallist Neeraj Chopra! Haryana, Punjab, BCCI announce cash awards for star javelin thrower|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/raining-rewards-for-olympic-gold-medallist-neeraj-chopra-haryana-punjab-bcci-announce-cash-awards-for-star-javelin-thrower/2306502/ |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]] |location=|access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>
*{{INRConvert|25|l}} from the Indian Olympic Association<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Tokyo Olympics: Coaches of gold winners to get ₹12.5 lakh from IOA, Chanu coach to get ₹10 lakh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/olympics/tokyo-olympics-coaches-of-gold-winners-to-get-rs-12-5-lakh-from-ioa-chanu-coach-to-get-rs-10-lakh-101627125333727.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |location=|date=24 July 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>

== Recent Activism ==
{{Main|2023 Indian wrestlers' protest}}
Punia has been protesting against the alleged [[sexual harassment]] of female wrestlers by [[Wrestling Federation of India]] (WFI) Chief - [[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh|Brij Bhushan Singh]]. The instances of sexual harassment ranged from 2012 to 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wrestlers protest: 7 days to register FIR against Brij Bhushan, few hours for FIR against us, says Bajrang Punia |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/wrestlers-protest-7-days-to-register-fir-against-brij-bhushan-few-hours-for-fir-against-us-says-bajrang-punia/videoshow/100579437.cms?from=mdr |work=The Economic Times |date=29 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Punia has called on the public to show their support at [[Jantar Mantar, New Delhi]].

Following a scuffle between wrestlers and Delhi police at Jantar Mantar, Punia expressed concern about the treatment of wrestlers and its implications for their careers, stating, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Tewari |first=Samridhi |date=2023-05-04 |title=Ready to return our medals, says Bajrang Punia a day after scuffle with police |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/ready-to-return-our-medals-says-bajrang-punia-a-day-after-scuffle-with-police/article66813233.ece |access-date=2023-05-05 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Why are top Indian wrestlers protesting on the streets? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/4/why-are-top-indian-wrestlers-protesting-on-the-streets |access-date=2023-05-05 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-05 |title=Bajrang Punia's emotional appeal and a video: 'fought for pride of our country' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/wrestlers-protest-bajrang-punias-emotional-appeal-and-a-video-101683253326910.html |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wrestler Bajrang Punia Urges People To Reach Delhi After Violence At Protest Site |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/wrestler-bajrang-punia-urges-people-to-reach-delhi-after-violence-at-protest-site-4003133 |access-date=2023-05-05 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref>

<blockquote>"What are we supposed to do with the medals if this is how we are going to be treated? It is unfortunate that a person accused of sexual harassment attended the inauguration of the new Parliament building. It took Delhi Police only a few hours to register an FIR against us but it took them 7 days to register an FIR against Brij Bhushan Singh".</blockquote>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IWD|C826C010ABEF4ECEA4FB43CA531B8D75}}
* {{UWW|bajrang-bajrang}}
* {{Olympics.com|bajrang-punia}}
* {{Olympedia}}
* {{CGF profile|65947|archive=20220527140634}}
* {{2014 Commonwealth Games profile|wrestling/1021952/b_bajrang}}
* {{2022 Commonwealth Games profile|37369}}

{{Olympic medalists for India}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}
{{Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Awardees|state=collapsed}}
{{Asian Games Champions Wrestling Freestyle Lightweight Men}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Punia, Bajrang}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male sport wrestlers]]
[[Category:Olympic wrestlers for India]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Olympic medalists in wrestling]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in wrestling]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 2014 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games medalists in wrestling]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:World Wrestling Championships medalists]]
[[Category:Asian Wrestling Championships medalists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Khel Ratna Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:People from Jhajjar]]
[[Category:Sport wrestlers from Haryana]]

Bajrang Punia

2023-10-06T04:42:57Z

SJoshi:

Rana Ranbir

2023-10-02T09:55:20Z

SJoshi: added additional information with valid citations

{{Short description|Indian Punjabi actor}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rana Ranbir
| image = Rana Ranbir.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_name = Rana Ranbir Singh
| alma_mater = [[Punjabi University]]
| birth_place = [[Dhuri]],<ref name="DhuriCity.com 1970">{{cite web | title=Rana Ranbir | website=DhuriCity.com | date=9 April 1970 | url=http://www.dhuricity.com/persons/artist/rana-ranbir/ | access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref> [[Sangrur district]], [[Punjab, India]]
| yearsactive = 2000–Present
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor,<ref name="Service 2016">{{cite web | last=Service | first=Tribune News | title=Artist to the core | website=www.tribuneindia.com | date=6 January 2016 | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/gyan-zone/artist-to-the-core/34700.html | access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>|comedian| [[radio personality]]|[[television presenter]]|writer|director}}
| relatives =
}}

'''Rana Ranbir Singh''' is an Indian Punjabi actor working in [[Punjabi cinema]] and [[Hindi cinema]].

==Early life and education==
Rana Ranbir was born on 31 December 1969 in [[Dhuri]], [[Sangrur district]], [[Punjab(India)|Punjab]] in India. He was also the classmate of another famous Punjabi comedian [[Binnu Dhillon]].{{cn|date=October 2023}}

After completing a bachelor's degree from Desh Bhagat College Dhuri, he received a postgraduate degree in theater and television from [[Punjabi University, Patiala]].<ref name="http://www.hindustantimes.com/ 2015">{{cite web | title=Punjabi celebs 659.0 recall how youth festivals honed their talent | website=hindustantimes.com | date=2 October 2015 | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/punjabi-celebs-recall-how-youth-festivals-honed-their-talent/story-jd4xhj2g9BkWfQKnA8Y7HO.html | access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>

==Career==
In 2000s, he started with comedies on Television with [[Bhagwant Mann]] like ''Jugnu Mast Mast'' and ''Naughty No. 1'' alongside serious TV productions like ''Chitta Lahoo'' and ''Parchavain''.<ref name="Singh 2016">{{cite web | last=Singh | first=Jasmine | title=Actor Speak Rana Ranbir | website=www.tribuneindia.com | date=6 January 2016 | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/spectrum/serial-killer/130865.html | access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref> He also became anchor of [[Zee Punjabi]]’s road show ''Excuse Me Please''. He did many stage theatre plays like ''Khetan Da Putt''.<ref name="The Tribune, Chandigarh, India 2014">{{cite web | title=Play on | website=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India | date=15 August 2014 | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140815/ttlife1.htm#7 | access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="http://www.hindustantimes.com/ 2014">{{cite web | title=Rana Ranbir keeps audience spellbound during presentation of play on 'Paash' | website=hindustantimes.com | date=27 July 2014 | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/rana-ranbir-keeps-audience-spellbound-during-presentation-of-play-on-paash/story-iiE3lOltwTCF6YavQ9UXTO.html | access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>

==Filmography==
* ''[[Posti (2022 film)|Posti]]'' (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcfry.com/posti-an-interesting-story-by-rana-ranbir-to-deliver-on-28-january-2022/|title="Posti" An Interesting Story by Rana Ranbir To Deliver On 28 January 2022 - abcFRY|website=abcFRY.com|language=en|access-date=2021-02-15}}</ref>
* ''Snowman'' (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/snowman-the-neeru-bajwa-starrer-gets-a-new-poster-and-a-new-release-date/articleshow/86677253.cms |title=Snowman: The Neeru Bajwa starrer gets a new poster and a new release date|date= 1 October 2022|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date= 1 December 2021}}</ref>
* ''[[Shava Ni Girdhari Lal]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Paani Ch Madhaani]]'' (2021)
* ''[[Daaka]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Ardaas Karaan (film)|Ardaas Karaan]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Kesari (2019 film)|Kesari]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Banjara (film)|Banjara]]'' (2018)
* Asees (2018)
* [[Jab Harry Met Sejal]] (2017)
* [[Super Singh]] (2017)
* [[Manje Bistre]] (2017)
* [[Channo Kamli Yaar Di]] (2016)
* [[Vaisakhi List]] (2016)
* [[Love Punjab]] (2016)
* [[Ardaas]] (2016)
* [[Oh Yaara Ainvayi Ainvayi Lut Gaya]] (2015)
* [[Punjab 1984]] (2014)
* [[Goreyan Nu Daffa Karo]] (2014)
* Nabar (2013)
* R.S.V.P. (2013)
* [[Oye Hoye Pyar Ho Gaya]] (2013)
* [[Fer Mamla Gadbad Gadbad]] (2013)
* [[Daddy Cool Munde Fool]] (2013)
* [[Jatt & Juliet 2]] (2013)
* [[Rangeelay]](2013)
* [[Bikkar Bai Sentimental]](2013)
* Yamley Jatt Yamley(2012)
* [[Saadi Wakhri Hai Shaan]] (2012)
* [[Ajj De Ranjhe]] (2012)<ref name="The Tribune, Chandigarh, India 2012">{{cite web | title=Ajj De Ranjhe team charms youngsters | website=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India | date=6 September 2012 | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120906/battrib.htm#4 | access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>
* [[Carry On Jatta]] (2012)
* [[Jatt & Juliet]] (2012)
* [[Taur Mittran Di]] (2012)
* [[Kabaddi Once Again]] (2012)
* [[Pata Nahi Rabb Kehdeyan Rangan Ch Raazi]] (2012)
* Ek Noor (2011)
* [[Ik Kudi Punjab Di]] (2015)
* [[Channa Sachi Muchi]] (2010)
* Chak Jawaana (2010)
* Chhevan Dariya (The Sixth River) (2010)
* Kabaddi Ikk Mohabbat (2010)
* Lagda Ishq Hogaya (2009)
* [[Munde U.K. De]] (2009)
* [[Mera Pind]] (2008)
* [[Mitti Wajaan Maardi]] (2007)
* [[Dil Apna Punjabi]] (2006)
* Rabb Ne Banaiyan Jodiean (2006)

===Notable roles===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2009|| [[Munde U.K. De]] || Khojji||
|-
| 2012|| [[Jatt & Juliet]] || rowspan="2" | Shampy Singh Chawla ||<ref>{{cite news|title=Fashionably late|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120724/ttlife1.htm#1}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013|| [[Jatt & Juliet 2]] ||<ref name="Offensive 2013">{{cite web | last=Offensive | first=Marking Them | title=Jatt and Juliet 2 Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India | website=The Times of India | date=30 June 2013 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/Jatt-and-Juliet-2/movie-review/20872954.cms | access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Fer Mamla Gadbad Gadbad]] || Rambo ||
|-
| 2014|| [[Punjab 1984]] || Jagtar Singh Taari ||<ref name="voiceonline">{{cite web | author=voiceonline | title=Highly anticipated Punjabi film 'Punjab 1984' launched in Surrey | website=Indo-Canadian Voice | date=15 June 2014 | url=http://www.voiceonline.com/highly-anticipated-punjabi-film-punjab-1984-launched-in-surrey/ | access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Asian Journal 2016">{{cite web | title=Global launch of Punjab 1984, the highly anticipated film starring Daljit Dosanjh held in Surrey – Canadian Online Newspapers | website=Asian Journal | date=6 January 2016 | url=http://www.asianjournal.ca/global-launch-punjab-1984-highly-anticipated-film-starring-daljit-dosanjh-held-surrey/ | access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2015|| [[Oh Yaara Ainvayi Ainvayi Lut Gaya]] || Ishwar Singh lawyer ||<ref name="Oh Yaara Ainvayi Ainvayi Lut Gaya trailer: Gauahar Khans Punjabi debut with Jassi Gill promises entertainment! 2015">{{cite web | title=Oh Yaara Ainvayi Ainvayi Lut Gaya trailer: The dialogues are sure to tickle your bones. BN Sharma, Karamjit Anmol and Rana Ranbir's comic timings are bang on in this sneak peek.| date=29 April 2015 | url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/oh-yaara-ainvayi-ainvayi-lut-gaya-trailer-gauahar-khans-punjabi-debut-with-jassi-gill-promises-entertainment/ | access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2016|| [[Channo Kamli Yaar Di]] ||Taaji's friend || Released<ref>{{cite news|title=First look: Neeru Bajwa's 'Channo – Kamli Yaar Di'|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/First-look-Neeru-Bajwas-Channo-Kamli-Yaar-Di/articleshow/50324340.cms}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ardaas (Film)|Ardaas]]'' || Lottery || Released
<ref>{{cite news|title=Official poster of Gippy Grewal's 'Ardaas' looks promising|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/Official-poster-of-Gippy-Grewals-Ardaas-looks-promising/articleshow/50469214.cms}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ambarsariya]]'' || Manpreet Bhangra Coach ||
|-
|2018
|''Asees''
|Asees
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

* {{IMDb name|2378766}}
* {{Facebook|meranaranbir}}
* {{Twitter}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranbir, Rana}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Punjabi cinema]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Punjabi University alumni]]

23rd IIFA Awards

2023-08-05T10:40:59Z

SJoshi:

{{Short description|Bollywood film awards}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 23
| award = IIFA Awards
| image = 
| image_size = 100px
| caption =
| date = 26–27 May 2023<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/entertainment/green-carpet-in-united-arab-emirates-welcomes-india-s-film-elite-for-bollywood-awards-ceremony-1.6415071 | title=Green carpet in United Arab Emirates welcomes India's film elite for Bollywood awards ceremony | date=26 May 2023 }}</ref>
| site = [[Etihad Arena]], [[Abu Dhabi]], [[United Arab Emirates]]
| host = [[Abhishek Bachchan]] [[Vicky Kaushal]]
| website = {{URL|https://iifa.com/iifa-2023}}
| producer =
| director =
| organizer =
| best_picture = ''[[Drishyam 2]]''
| best_direction =
| best_direction_film =
| best_actor =
| best_actor_film =
| best_actress =
| best_actress_film =
| most_wins =
| most_nominations =
| channel = [[Colors TV]]
| network = [[Viacom18]]
| duration =
| ratings =
| last = 22nd
| next = 24th
}}
The 23rd '''[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]''', also known as the '''IIFA''', was held on 26–27 May 2023, postponed from the original February date.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/iifa-2023-nominations-announced-brahmastra-gangubai-kathiawadi-bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-lead-the-list-8345858/lite/|title=IIFA 2023 nominations announced: Brahmastra, Gangubai Kathiawadi and Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 lead the list|date=27 December 2022|access-date=27 December 2022|website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/iifa-awards-gets-postponed-to-be-held-on-this-date-3669808 | title=IIFA 2023: Awards to be Held in May. Details Here }}</ref> The awards were once again held in [[Abu Dhabi]], [[United Arab Emirates]]. The nominees were announced in December 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.siasat.com/iifa-awards-gets-postponed-to-be-held-on-this-date-2497086/ | title=IIFA awards gets postponed, to be held on this date | date=6 January 2023 }}</ref> The ceremony was broadcast by [[Colors TV]] on 18 June.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bizasialive.com/colors-confirms-telecast-date-for-iifa-2023/ | title=Colors confirms telecast date for IIFA 2023 | date=31 May 2023 }}</ref>

== Awards ==
{{Expand section|date=June 2023}}
The winners and nominees have been listed below. Winners are listed first, highlighted in '''boldface''', and indicated with a double dagger ({{double-dagger}}).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/iifa-2023-nominations-announced-brahmastra-gangubai-kathiawadi-bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-lead-the-list-8345858/ | title=IIFA 2023 nominations announced: Brahmastra, Gangubai Kathiawadi and Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 lead the list | date=27 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/film-tv/2023/05/27/winners-at-iifa-awards-2023-in-abu-dhabi/ | title=All the winners at the IIFA Awards 2023 in Abu Dhabi | date=27 May 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/iifa-2023-winners-full-list-hrithik-roshan-and-alia-bhatt-bag-best-actors-brahmastra-and-gangubai-kathiawadi-win-big-101685243505209.html | title=IIFA 2023 winners full list: Hrithik Roshan and Alia Bhatt bag best actors, Brahmastra and Gangubai Kathiawadi win big | date=28 May 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-27 |title='Gangubai...' tops technical awards at 23rd IIFA's music-loaded opening |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/gangubai-tops-technical-awards-at-23rd-iifas-music-loaded-opening-23288948 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable
|-
! ! style="background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;"|[[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82;text-align:center;"|[[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Drishyam 2 (2022 film)|Drishyam 2]]'''''{{double dagger}}
* ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]''
* ''[[Darlings (film)|Darlings]]''
* ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]''
* ''[[Vikram Vedha (2022 film)|Vikram Vedha]]''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[R. Madhavan]] – ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]'''''{{double dagger}}
* [[Anees Bazmee]] – ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]''
* [[Ayan Mukerji]] – ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]''
* Jasmeet K. Reen – ''[[Darlings (film)|Darlings]]''
* [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] – ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]''
* Vasan Bala – ''[[Monica, O My Darling]]''
|-
! ! style="background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;"|[[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82;text-align:center;"|[[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Hrithik Roshan]] – ''[[Vikram Vedha (2022 film)|Vikram Vedha]]'' as Vedha Betal'''{{double dagger}}
* [[Abhishek Bachchan]] – ''[[Dasvi]]'' as Ganga Ram Chaudhary
* [[Ajay Devgn]] – ''[[Drishyam 2 (2022 film)|Drishyam 2]]'' as Vijay Salgaonkar
* [[Anupam Kher]] – ''[[The Kashmir Files]]'' as Pushkar Nath Pandit
* [[Kartik Aaryan]] – ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'' as Ruhaan Randhawa a.k.a. Rooh Baba
* [[Rajkummar Rao]] – ''[[Monica, O My Darling]]'' as Jayant "Johnny" Arkhedkar
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Alia Bhatt]] – ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]'' as [[Gangubai Kothewali|Gangubai Kathiawadi]]'''{{double dagger}}
* Alia Bhatt – [[Darlings (film)|''Darlings'']] as Badrunissa "Badru" Sheikh
* [[Shefali Shah]] – ''Darlings'' as Shamshunissa "Shamshu" Ansari
* [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] – ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'' as Anjulika Chatterjee / Manjulika Chatterjee
* [[Yami Gautam]] – ''[[A Thursday]]'' as Naina Jaiswal
|-
! ! style="background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;"|[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82;text-align:center;"|[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Anil Kapoor]] – ''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]'' as Bheem Saini'''{{double dagger}}
* [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]] – [[Bhediya (film)|''Bhediya'']] as Janardan "Jana" / JD
* [[Shah Rukh Khan]] – ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]'' as [[Swades|Mohan Bhargav]]
* [[Sikandar Kher]] – ''[[Monica, O My Darling]]'' as Nishikant Adhikari
* [[Vijay Raaz]] – ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]'' as Raziabai
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Mouni Roy]] – ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]'' as Junoon'''{{double dagger}}
* [[Nimrat Kaur]] – ''[[Dasvi]]'' as Bimla Devi "Bimmo" Chaudhary
* [[Radhika Apte]] – [[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva|''Monica, O My Darling'']] as [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Vijayashanti Naidu
* [[Rajkummar Rao|Sheeba Chadha]] – ''[[Badhaai Do]]'' as Mrs. Thakur
* [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] – ''[[Drishyam 2 (2022 film)|Drishyam 2]]'' as Meera Deshmukh
|-
! ! style="background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;"|[[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Male|Best Debut – Male]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82;text-align:center;"|[[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female|Best Debut – Female]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Shantanu Maheshwari]] – ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]'' as Afsaan Badr-ur-Razzaq'''{{double dagger}}
* '''Babil Khan – ''[[Qala (film)|Qala]]'' as Jagan Batwal'''{{double dagger}}
| valign="top" |
* '''Khushali Kumar – ''[[Dhokha: Round D Corner]]'' as Saanchi Sinha'''{{double dagger}}
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[IIFA Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[IIFA Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Pritam]] – ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]'''''{{double dagger}}
* Oaff and Savera – ''[[Gehraiyaan]]''
* Pritam – ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]''
* [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] – ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]''
* [[Tanishk Bagchi]], Pozy, Niranjan Dhar, [[Kanishk Seth (musician)|Kanishk Seth]] and Vishal Shelke – ''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]''
| valign="top" |
*'''[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]] – "[[Kesariya (song)|Kesariya]]" – ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]'''''{{double dagger}}
*[[A. M. Turaz]] – "Jab Saiyaan" – ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]''
*Ankur Tewari – "Gehraiyaan" – ''[[Gehraiyaan]]''
*[[Raj Shekhar]] – "Behney Do" – ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]''
*[[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]] – "Atak Gaya Hai" – ''[[Badhaai Do]]''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
|-
| valign="top" |
*'''[[Arijit Singh]] – "[[Kesariya (song)|Kesariya]]" – ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]'''''{{double dagger}}
*Aditya Rao – "Behney Do" – ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]''
*Arijit Singh – "Deva Deva" – ''Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva''
*[[Kanishk Seth]] – "Rangi Sari" – ''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]''
*[[Mohit Chauhan]] – "Gehraiyaan (Reprise)" – ''[[Gehraiyaan]]''
| valign="top" |
*'''[[Shreya Ghoshal]] – "Rasiya" – ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]'''''{{double dagger}}
*[[Jonita Gandhi]] – "Deva Deva" – ''Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva''
*[[Kavita Seth]] – "Rangi Sari" – ''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]''
*Lothika Jha – "Doobey" – ''[[Gehraiyaan]]''
*Shreya Ghoshal – "Jab Saiyaan" – ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]''
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{IIFA Awards}}

[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
[[Category:2023 in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:2023 Indian film awards]]

Chennai Central–Ahmedabad Humsafar Express

2023-07-20T04:34:23Z

SJoshi:

{{Short description|Indian passenger train service}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
| box_width = 25em
| name = MGR Chennai Central - Ahmedabad Jn. ''Humsafar Express''
| color = 62CEDD
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = Ahmedabad Chennai Humsafar Express.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| alt = An AC 3 Tier LHB coach wrapped in Humsafar livery ready to depart from Ahmedabad Junction as 22920 Ahmedabad Chennai Humsafar Express
| caption = An AC-3 Tier coach of Chennai Central-Ahmedabad Humsafar Express at Ahmedabad Junction
| type = [[Humsafar Express]]
| status = Operational
| locale = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]]
| predecessor =
| first = {{start date and age|2017|05|08|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/humsafar-express-trains-introduced-on-ahmedabad-chennai-route-1689385 |title=Humsafar Express Trains Introduced On Ahmedabad-Chennai Route |last=Singh |first=Sandeep |website=[[NDTV]] |publisher=ndtv convergence limited |access-date=4 July 2023 |quote=The new weekly service from Ahmedabad to Chennai will be available from May 8, 2017}}</ref>
| last = 
| successor =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]]
| formeroperator =
| ridership =
| ridership2 =
| website =
| start = {{rws|Chennai Central}} ('''MAS''')
| stops = 11
| end = {{rws|Ahmedabad Junction}} ('''ADI''')
| distance = {{convert|1727|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 29 hours, 30 min
| frequency = Weekly{{efn|Runs once in a week for every direction.}}
| trainnumber = 22919 / 22920
| line_used = {{Hlist|[[Mumbai–Chennai line]]|[[Ahmedabad–Mumbai main line]]}}
| class = [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 3 Tier]], [[Indian Railways coaching stock|Sleeper class]]
| access =
| seating =
| sleeping = Bedroll and Linen is provided in AC 3 Tier
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering available
| observation = Large windows in all carriages
| entertainment =
| baggage = Underseat
| otherfacilities = {{Hlist|Smoke alarms|CCTV cameras|Baby changing table|Odour-control system|Passenger information system}}
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| el =
| speed = {{convert|130|km/h|abbr=on}} (top operating speed) {{convert|59|km/h|abbr=on}} (average including halts)
| trainlength =
| owners =
| routenumber =
| maintenance =
| sharing =
| map = {{Chennai - Ahmedabad Humsafar Express Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| module =
}}

'''Chennai Central–Ahmedabad ''Humsafar Express''''', also known as '''Ahmedabad ''Humsafar Express''''', is a 18 Coached partially air-conditioned version of [[Humsafar Express|Humsafar]]-type service running between {{stnlnk|Chennai Central}} and {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}}. It is one of the fastest train to connect Gujarat to Tamil Nadu doing so in less than thirty hours. It is maintained by the Ahmedabad division of Western Railway (WR). In the up direction, from Ahmedabad to Chennai, the service runs with train number 22920 and in down direction, from Chennai to Ahmedabad, as train number 22919.

The maiden run of the train was on 8 May 2017. It ran as Ahmedabad–Chennai Central Humsafar inaugural special express for the very first time and was flagged off by the then Railway Minsiter, Suresh Prabhu.

Train no. 22920 leaves Ahmedabad Junction at 09:40 every Monday and arrives Chennai Central at 15:25 the next Tuesday. The return train 22919 leaves Chennai Central at 16:00 every Wednesday and arrives Ahmedabad Junction at 21:15 the next Thursday. Chennai-Ahmedabad Humsafar Express runs with an average speed of 59 km/h.

== Locomotive ==
It is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara loco shed]]-based WAP-7 loco end to end.

== Coach composition ==
Pure [[LHB coach]] in red-grey Rajdhani livery, manufactured in India, are used for this train. Humsafar vinyl or wallpaper pasting is done on the AC-3 Tier coaches to give the humsafar livery. The service was launched with fifteen AC-3 Tier and one Pantry Car.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3961&did=14938042961158855B41C46CC1864446F0DDA8F032265.web91f |title=Press Release — INTRODUCTION OF WEEKLY HUMSAFAR EXPRESS BETWEEN AHMEDABAD AND CHENNAI |website=[[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]] |access-date=10 July 2023}}</ref> The AC-3 tier coaches were designed by Indian Railways with [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] screen display to show information about stations, train speed etc. It is planned to have announcement system, vending machines for tea, coffee and milk, and bio toilets in compartments as well as [[Closed-circuit television|CCTV]] cameras.

The service consists of 10 Third AC (3A), 6 Sleeper Class (SL), 1 Seating cum Luggage Rake and 1 Generator car luggage car guard van, hence, a total of 18 coaches. As is customary with most train services in India, the coach composition may be amended at the discretion of [[Indian Railways]] depending on demand. Maximum 1–2 extra coaches may be added to clear extra rush during holidays. In September 2019, sleeper coaches were added to the train.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/sep/19/sleeper-coaches-in-humsafar-express-to-cost-15-higher-2035839.html |title=Sleeper coaches in Humsafar Express to cost 15% higher |last=Anbuselvam |first=B |website=The New Indian Express |publisher= |access-date=4 July 2023 |quote=the base fare of yet to be attached sleeper class in Chennai - Ahmedabad Humsafar will be Rs 770 per berth}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|+
!
|Loco||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||10||11||12||13||14||15||16||17||18
|-
| 22919
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]]|
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#B9B9B9;"| EOG
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="color: #ffffff; background:#B22222| S1
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="color: #ffffff; background:#B22222| S2
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="color: #ffffff; background:#B22222| S3
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="color: #ffffff; background:#B22222| S4
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="color: #ffffff; background:#B22222| S5
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="color: #ffffff; background:#B22222| S6
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B10
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B9
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B8
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B7
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B6
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B5
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B4
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B3
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B2
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B1
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#B9B9B9;"| SLR
|-
| 22920
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]]
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#B9B9B9;"| SLR
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B1
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B2
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B3
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B4
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B5
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B6
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B7
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B8
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B9
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#62CEDD;"| B10
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="color: #ffffff; background:#B22222| S6
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="color: #ffffff; background:#B22222| S5
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="color: #ffffff; background:#B22222| S4
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="color: #ffffff; background:#B22222| S3
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="color: #ffffff; background:#B22222| S2
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="color: #ffffff; background:#B22222| S1
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:#B9B9B9;"| EOG
|}

== Route and halts ==
The schedule of Chennai Central – Ahmedabad Humsafar Express is given below:-<ref name="India Rail Info">{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-chennai-central-ahmedabad-humsafar-express-22919/52231/35/60| title=22919/Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Railway Station - Ahmedabad Junction Humsafar Express| website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref name="India Rail Info-1">{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-ahmedabad-chennai-central-humsafar-express-22920/52230/60/35| title=22920/Ahmedabad Junction - Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Railway Station Humsafar Express| website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" width="45%" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" align="center" style="background:#62CEDD;" |''MAS - ADI Humsafar Express''
|-
! colspan="2" |22919
! rowspan="2" |Stations
! colspan="2" |22920
|-
|'''Arrival'''
|'''Departure'''
|'''Arrival'''
|'''Departure'''
|-
| -NIL-
|16:00
|'''{{rws|Chennai Central}}'''
|15:25
| -NIL-
|-
|18:30
|18:35
|{{rws|Renigunta Junction}}
|12:15
|12:20
|-
|23:25
|23:30
|{{rws|Guntakal Junction}}
|07:00
|07:10
|-
|01:18
|01:20
|{{rws|Raichur}}
|04:43
|04:45
|-
|03:57
|04:00
|{{rws|Kalaburagi}}
|06:35
|06:40
|-
|06:35
|06:40
|{{rws|Solapur Junction}}
|00:15
|00:20
|-
|10:55
|11:05
|{{rws|Pune Junction}}
|20:10
|20:15
|-
|13:22
|13:25
|{{rws|Kalyan Junction}}
|16:52
|16:55
|-
|14:20
|14:25
|{{rws|Vasai Road}}
|15:52
|15:57
|-
|14:54
|14:56
|{{rws|Palghar}}
|15:15
|15:17
|-
|16:52
|16:55
|{{rws|Surat}}
|13:07
|13:12
|-
|18:33
|18:38
|{{rws|Vadodara Junction}}
|11:10
|11:15
|-
|21:15
| -NIL-
|'''{{rws|Ahmedabad Junction}}'''
| -NIL-
|09:40
|}

== See also ==
* [[Navjeevan Express]]
* [[Humsafar Express]]
* [https://cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3961&did=14938042961158855B41C46CC1864446F0DDA8F032265.web91f Central Railways' Press Release]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Humsafar Express}}
{{Railways in Western India}}
{{Western Railway}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chennai Central-Ahmedabad Humsafar Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Transport in Chennai]]
[[Category:Humsafar Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2017]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Maratha–Portuguese War (1729–1732)

2023-07-16T01:02:52Z

SJoshi:

{{Short description|Historycal conflict in India}}

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Maratha–Portuguese War (1729–1732)
| partof =
| image =
| caption =
| date = 1729–1732
| place = [[Konkan]], [[Indian subcontinent|India]]
| result = Portuguese victory<ref name="lobato126">Alexandre Lobato: ''Relações Luso-Maratas 1658-1737'', Centro de Estudos Históricos Ultramarinos, Lisboa, 1965, p. 126.</ref>
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|Portugal|1707}} [[Portuguese Empire]] '''Supported by''' {{ubl|[[File:Flag of Great Britain.svg|23px]] [[British Empire]]|[[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg|23px]] [[British East India Company]]}}
| combatant2 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Confederacy]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Portugal|1707}} Viceroy João Saldanha da Gama
*General Francisco Guerra de Mesquita
*General Martinho da Silveira
| commander2 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Bajirao I]]
*Pilaji Jadhavrao
*Apagi Panta
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
}}
{{Portuguese colonial campaigns}}

The '''Maratha–Portuguese War of 1729–1732''' was an armed conflict between the [[Portuguese Empire]] and the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Confederacy]], who invaded Portuguese territory in India.

==Context==
After a war against the Marathas, the [[List of governors of Portuguese India|Portuguese viceroy]] of [[Goa]] João Saldanha da Gama had previously signed with the Maratha Confederacy a peace treaty in 1726, which resulted in the "peace of Bassein", which would prove to be brief.<ref>Lobato, 1965, p.100.</ref>

Despite the peace treaty, in May 1729, Maratha forces under the command of Pilaji Jadhavrao raided two villages in the vicinity of the Portuguese fortified city of [[Daman, India|Daman]].<ref name="pissurlencar">Panduronga Pissurlencar: ''Portuguese-Maratha Relations'', Maharashtra State Board for Literature and Culture, Bombay, 1983, pp. 118-165.</ref><ref name="lobato101-102">Lobato, 1965, p.101-102.</ref> Since the Marathas often excused their raids as the work of [[brigands]], the commander of Portuguese forces in the region, general Francisco da Guerra de Mesquita, was instructed by the viceroy to conduct limited retaliatory attacks against the border Maratha towns from which such raids had come from.<ref name="lobato101-102"/>
[[File:Fortes de Damão.jpg|thumb|left|Portuguese forts of Daman]]
The Marathas took Portuguese retaliaton of their raids as a sign that the peace treaty had been broken.<ref>Lobato, 1965, p. 103.</ref> By the end of May 1730, the Marathas invaded the region around Bassein and war spread across the region.<ref>Lobato, 1965, p. 102.</ref> The Marathas had never attacked Portuguese territory in so much force after the reign of [[Sambhaji]].<ref>Lobato, 1965, p. 104.</ref>

==Course of hostilities==
[[File:Portuguese possessions in the Province of North.jpg|thumb|Portuguese territory in the north Konkan.]]
In spite of Maratha numerical superiority, lack of internal unity made military operations difficult, and the Portuguese viceroy was approached with a peace offer through the [[East India Company|English East India Company]] governor [[Robert Cowan (governor)|Robert Cowan]] in [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]].<ref>Lobato, 1965, pp. 104-105.</ref> The viceroy proposed to return captured Maratha belongings, however he refused to sign a peace while Portuguese territory was occupied by Maratha forces while the Marathas refused to return captured spoils or make peace unless the Portuguese paid tribute and allowed [[Hinduism|Hindu]] temples to be built on their territory.<ref>Lobato, 1965, pp. 107-108.</ref><ref name="pissurlencar"/>

Realizing that the Marathas would not make peace unless directly threatened, the viceroy dispatched reinforcements from Goa were to general Guerra de Mesquita, along with instructions to persistently raid Maratha territory and also engage in psychological warfare by threatening to forcibly baptize hindu prisoners, which in the words of the viceroy, "they resent much" though the general was forbidden from actually carrying out this task.<ref name="pissurlencar"/><ref>Lobato, 1965, pp. 108-109.</ref> In October 28 1730 Bagi Rao wrote to the British governor in Bombay stating: "The dispute between us and the Portuguese over Galiana-Biundi is notorious, and we have been conquering and will conquer their territories."<ref name="lobato109">Lobato, 1965, p. 109</ref>

The British aided the Portuguese in 1730 with 200 musketeers, of which 50 were Europeans and 150 sepoys, 250 sepoys and 6 galliots.<ref>Pedro Nobre: "The East India Company and the Portuguese loss
of the Província do Norte" in ''Revista Tempo'', Vol. 21 n. 37, p. 142.</ref>

By then, the shortage of fodder in the region threatened to bring Maratha cavalry incursions to a halt.<ref name="lobato109"/> Although numerically inferior, the Portuguese prevented the Marathas from taking advantage of their numerical superiority by engaging in vigorous offensive warfare with a mobile army, which pinned the Marathas.<ref>Lobato, 1965, p. 111.</ref> In April 3 1731 the viceroy decreed a general conscription for all Portuguese except those charged with [[Lèse-majesté]].<ref>Lobato, 1965, pp. 112-113.</ref> After reinforcements had arrived in Bassein, through persistent Portuguese attacks, Maratha offensive operations ceased.
[[File:Fortaleza de bacaim.jpg|thumb|Portuguese fortified city of Bassein.]]
Successful Portuguese operations brought the Marathas to the negotiating table.<ref>Lobato, 1965, p. 114.</ref> During negotiations however, in mid June Pilaji Jadhavrao captured a Portuguese fort in Cambá without firing a shot, by convincing its garrison to hand it over.<ref name="lobato115"/><ref name="pissurlencar"/> It appears the Portuguese commander Luís de Melo de Sampaio was invited for talks under the guise of a truce and then held hostage until the fort was evacuated.<ref>Frederick Charles Danvers: ''The Portuguese in India A. D. 1571-1894'' W. H. Allen & Co. Limited, 1894, p. 396.</ref> The viceroy later criticized Melo de Sampaio for having failed the established custom of requesting hostages from the Marathas before talks, which would have uncovered the ruse.<ref name="lobato115">Lobato, 1965, p. 115.</ref> As a result of the treachery, the Portuguese called off peace negotiations, arrested the Maratha ambassador along with his family and attendants and hostilites continued.<ref>.Lobato, 1965, pp. 115-116.</ref>

Persistent Maratha offers for peace in exchange for tribute, without withdrawing from Portuguese territory, were refused. The Marathas threatened to invade Goa, capital of Portuguese India, however this failed to intimidate the viceroy.<ref>Lobato, 1965, p.117.</ref> At the same time, the Portuguese sought to convince the Mughals to attack the Marathas.<ref>Lobato, 1965, pp. 117-118.</ref> Local Indian lords proved unreliable in their support for either side, inconsistently favouring whoever appeared to have the military advantage or initiative.<ref>Lobato, 1965, p.113.</ref>

==Treaty of Bombay 1732 and peace==
By January 1732, the Marathas had been immobilized for six months, unable to effectively combat the Portuguese due to internal civil affairs in their territories beyond the Konkan, and a Mughal army under the command of Quiliscan was fast approaching.<ref>Lobato, 1965, pp. 118-119.</ref> Many Marathas had begun to seek refuge in Portuguese territory from the advancing Mughals. The Portuguese had secretly promised aid to the Mughals against the Marathas.

Under the mediation of the British governor in Bombay, in January 30 a peace treaty was signed in [[Bombay Castle]] between the Portuguese, represented by Francisco de Melo de Castro and the Marathas, represented by Siva Rama Pandit and Raiagi Ramagi.<ref>Lobato, 1965, pp. 121-122.</ref>

==Aftermath==
The Marathas withdrew from Portuguese territory.<ref name="lobato126"/> Nevertheless, Bajirao planned to resume hostilities against the Portuguese with an attack on [[Salsette Island|Salcette Island]] on 13 March 1733.<ref name="pissurlencar"/> Peace would prove to be short, as five years later the Marathas would again invade Portuguese territory and attack Bassein.<ref name="lobato126"/>

==See also==
*[[Maratha–Portuguese War (1683–1684)]]
*[[Portuguese India]]
*[[Mughal-Maratha Wars]]
*[[Battle of Vasai]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Conflicts in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1729]]
[[Category:Portuguese India]]
[[Category:Colonial India]]
[[Category:History of Portugal]]
[[Category: History of Goa]]
[[Category: History of Mumbai]]
[[Category: History of Vasai]]
[[Category: History of Daman and Diu]]
[[Category: Wars involving Portugal]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Maratha Empire]]

Convicted

2023-04-28T07:43:42Z

SJoshi: Just completed a new piece.

#REDIRECT [[Conviction]]

Subsidies in India

2022-12-05T23:54:19Z

SJoshi: Added a new addition to the collection.

{{Short description|none}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed}}
{{Lead too short}}
{{Original research}}
}}
{{EngvarB}}
{{Use dmy dates}}

{{Politics of India}}
The [[Government of India|Indian government]] has, since war, subsidised many industries and products, from fuel to gas.<ref name="ihtindiasubsidies">{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/10/25/bloomberg/sxmuk.php|title=India should redirect subsidies to those who need them|work=The International Herald Tribune|year=2005}}</ref>

Kerosene subsidy was introduced during the [[Five-Year Plans of India|2nd Five Year Plan]] (1956–1961) and since 2009 slowly decreased until 2022 when it was eliminated.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Jain |first1=Abhishek |last2=Ramji |first2=Aditya |title=Reforming Kerosene Subsidies in India: Towards better alternatives |url=https://www.ceew.in/sites/default/files/CEEW_Reforming_Kerosene_Subsidies_in_India_4May16.pdf |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development and Council on Energy, Environment and Water}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Vibhuti Garg |author2=Shruti Sharma |author3=Kieran Clarke |author4=Richard Bridle |title=Kerosene Subsidies in India: The status quo, challenges and the emerging path to reform |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/kerosene-in-india-staus-quo-path-to-reform.pdf |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |others=PTI |title=Government eliminates subsidy on kerosene via small price hikes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/government-eliminates-subsidy-on-kerosene-via-small-price-hikes/articleshow/80652604.cms |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Introduction==

A [[subsidy]], often viewed as the converse of a tax, is an instrument of fiscal policy. Derived from the Latin word 'subsidium', a subsidy literally implies coming to assistance from behind. However, their beneficial potential is at its best when they are transparent, well targeted, and suitably designed for practical implementation. Subsidies are helpful for both economy and people as well. Subsidies have a long-term impact on the economy; the [[Green Revolution]] being one example. Farmers were given good quality grain for subsidised prices. Likewise, we can see that how the government of India is trying to reduce air pollution to subsidies lpg

Like [[indirect taxes]], they can alter relative prices and budget constraints and thereby affect decisions concerning production, consumption and allocation of resources. Subsidies in areas such as education, health and environment at times merit justification on grounds that their benefits are spread well beyond the immediate recipients, and are shared by the population at large, present and future. For many other subsidies, however the case is not so clear-cut. Arising due to extensive governmental participation in a variety of economic activities, there are many subsidies that shelter inefficiencies or are of doubtful distributional credentials. Subsidies that are ineffective or distortionary need to be weaned out, for an undiscerning, uncontrolled and opaque growth of subsidies can be deleterious for a country's public finances.

In [[India]], as also elsewhere, subsidies now account for a significant part of government's expenditures although, like that of an [[iceberg]], only their tip may be visible. These implicit subsidies not only cause a considerable draft on the already strained fiscal resources, but may also fail on the anvil of equity and efficiency as has already been pointed out above.

In the context of their economic effects, subsidies have been subjected to an intense debate in India in recent years. Issues like the distortionary effects of agricultural subsidies on the cropping pattern, their impact on inter-regional disparities in development, the sub-optimal use of scarce inputs like water and power induced by subsidies, and whether subsidies lead to systemic inefficiencies have been examined at length. Inadequate targeting of subsidies has especially been picked up for discussion.

This paper based on the study conducted by Srivastava, Sen et al. under the aegis of National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, and the discussion paper brought out by Department of Economic Affairs( Ministry of Finance) in 1997, aims to provide a comprehensive estimate of budget-based subsidies in India. In addition, recent trends have been included from the Economic Survey for the year 2004–05. Attention is focused on bringing out the magnitude of the implicit subsidies, in addition to the explicit ones, to form an idea as to how heavy a draft do they constitute on the fiscal resources of the economy.

==Social security subsidies==
The following table shows financial size of the social security subsidies in India funded by the Union government of India. The table does not cover other programs operated by various State governments, see [[Public welfare in India]]. The social security benefits / subsidies offered by various state governments is estimated to be above Rs. 600 billion (US$10 billion). Thus total subsidies become Rs. 3,600 billion (US$60 billion).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/economy/budget-2013-food-security-gets-rs-10kcr-fy14-subsidy-at-rs-231lk-cr_832058.html|title=Latest News: India News | Latest Business News | BSE | IPO News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/economy/budget-2013-rural-development-gets-46-hike-rs-33000-cr-for-mgnregs-643294.html|title=Budget 2013: Rural development gets 46% hike, Rs 33,000 cr for MGNREGS-Economy News , Firstpost}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Social security budget 2013–14
! Region!!Social security program!!Billion Rupee!!Billion US$
|-
| Pan India||Total subsidy for FY-2013-14 (approx)||3,600||60.00
|-
| Pan India||[[National Food Security Bill, 2013|Food Security (PDS)]] (subsidy)||1,250||20.83
|-
| Pan India||Petroleum (subsidy)||970||16.17
|-
| Rural||Fertilizer (subsidy)||660||11.00
|-
| Rural||[[NREGA]] (non-subsidy)||330||5.50
|-
| Rural||Child development (ICDS) (non-subsidy)||177||2.95
|-
| Rural||Drinking water and sanitation (non-subsidy)||152||2.53
|-
| Rural||[[Indira Awaas Yojana]] (IAY) (non-subsidy)||151||2.52
|-
| Rural||Maternal and child malnutrition (non-subsidy)||3||0.05
|-
| States||Various programmes of state govts (subsidy/non-subsidy)||600||10.00
|}

==Subsidy: Meaning and economic rationale==

===Objectives===
Subsidies, by means of creating a wedge between consumer prices and producer costs, lead to changes in demand/ supply decisions. Subsidies are often aimed at :
# inducing higher consumption/ production
# offsetting market imperfections including internalisation of externalities;
# achievement of social policy objectives including redistribution of income, population control, etc.

===Transfers and Subsidies===

Transfers which are straight income supplements need to be distinguished from subsidies. An unconditional transfer to an individual would augment his income and would be distributed over the entire range of his expenditures. A subsidy however refers to a specific good, the relative price of which has been lowered because of the subsidy with a view to changing the consumption/ allocation decisions in favour of the subsidised goods. Even when subsidy is hundred percent, i.e. the good is supplied free of cost, it should be distinguished from an income-transfer (of an equivalent amount) which need not be spent exclusively on the subsidised good.

Transfers may be preferred to subsidies on the ground that i) any given expenditure of State funds will increase welfare more if it is given as an income-transfer rather than via subsidising the price of some commodities, and ii) transfer payments can be better targeted at a specific income groups as compared to free or subsidised goods.

===Mode of administering a subsidy===

The various alternative modes of administering a subsidy are:
# Subsidy to producers
# Subsidy to consumers
# Subsidy to producers of inputs
# Providing Incentives Instead of Subsidising
# Production/sales through public enterprises
# [[Cross subsidisation]]

===Subsidy targeting===

Subsidies can be distributed among individuals according to a set of selected criteria, e.g. 1) merit, 2) income-level, 3)social group etc. two types of errors arise if proper targeting is not done, i.e. exclusion errors and inclusion errors. In the former case, some of those who deserve to receive a subsidy are excluded, and in the latter case, some of those who do not deserve to receive subsidy get included in the subsidy programme.

===Effects of subsidies===

Economic effects of subsidies can be broadly grouped into
# Allocative effects: these relate to the sectoral allocation of resources. Subsidies help draw more resources towards the subsidised sector
# Redistributive effects: these generally depend upon the elasticities of demands of the relevant groups for the subsidised good as well as the elasticity of supply of the same good and the mode of administering the subsidy.
# Fiscal effects: subsidies have obvious fiscal effects since a large part of subsidies emanate from the budget. They directly increase fiscal deficits. Subsidies may also indirectly affect the budget adversely by drawing resources away from tax-yielding sectors towards sectors that may have a low tax-revenue potential.
# Trade effects: a regulated price, which is substantially lower than the market clearing price, may reduce domestic supply and lead to an increase in imports. On the other hand, subsidies to domestic producers may enable them to offer internationally competitive prices, reducing imports or raising exports.

Subsidies may also lead to perverse or unintended economic effects. They would result in inefficient resource allocation if imposed on a competitive market or where market imperfections do not justify a subsidy, by diverting economic resources away from areas where their marginal productivity would be higher. Generalised subsidies waste resources; further, they may have perverse distributional effects endowing greater benefits on the better off people. For example, a [[price control]] may lead to lower production and shortages and thus generate [[black market]]s resulting in profits to operators in such markets and [[economic rent]]s to privileged people who have access to the distribution of the good concerned at the controlled price.

Subsidies have a tendency to self-perpetuate. They create vested interests and acquire political hues{{dubious}}. In addition, it is difficult to control the incidence of a subsidy since their effects are transmitted through the mechanism of the market, which often has imperfections other than those addressed by the subsidy.
On 29 June 2012, C Rangarajan, Chairman of the Prime Minister's Advisory Council in view of present difficult economic position, advocated cutting down of fuel and fertiliser subsidies to keep the fiscal deficit within the budgeted level of 5.1 per cent.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/govt-needs-to-bite-bullet-on-subsidies-rangarajan/968613/| title= Govt needs to bite bullet on subsidies: Rangarajan| date=30 June 2012}}</ref>

==Subsidy issues in India==

Subsidies have increased in [[India]] for several reasons. In particular this proliferation can be traced to 1)the expanse of governmental activities 2) relatively weak determination of governments to recover costs from the respective users of the subsidies, even when this may be desirable on economic grounds, and 3) generally low efficiency levels of governmental activities.

In the context of their economic effects, subsidies have been subjected to an intense debate in India in recent years. Some of the major issues that have emerged in the literature are indicated below:
* Whether the magnitude and incidence of subsidies, explicit and implicit, have spun out of control; their burden on government finances being unbearable, and their cost being felt in terms of a decline of real public investment in agriculture.
* Whether agricultural subsidies distort the cropping pattern and lead to inter-regional disparities in development
* Whether general subsidies on scarce inputs like water and power have distorted their optimal allocation
* Whether subsidies basically cover only inefficiencies in the provision of governmental services
* Whether subsidies like (food subsidies) have a predominant urban bias
* Whether subsidies are mistargeted
* Whether subsidies have a deleterious effect on general economic growth of sectors not covered by the subsidies
* Whether agricultural subsidies are biased against small and marginal farmers
* How should government services be priced or recovery rates determined
* What is the impact of subsidies on the quality of environment and ecology

===Sustainability Issues===
An example of potential environmental or sustainability issues arising from the current subsidy structure can be seen interrelated problems of water and energy consumption in the agricultural sector.

During the [[green revolution in India|Green Revolution]] in the 1960s and 70s, India's agricultural productivity grew greatly, in part due to a dramatic increase in agricultural irrigation, particularly from groundwater sources.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goodnewsindia.com/Pages/content/milestones/greenRev.html|title=From famine to plenty, from humiliation to dignity.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://geography.about.com/od/globalproblemsandissues/a/greenrevolution.htm|title= History and Overview of the Green Revolution|author=Amanda Briney}}</ref>

While that increase in irrigation has helped the nation feed itself, it has also created a groundwater crisis, the dimensions of which have become increasingly clear in recent years.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090812/full/460789a.html| title = Satellite data show Indian water stocks shrinking.| author = Matt Rodell|journal=Nature| year = 2009| volume = 460| issue = 7257| page = 789| doi = 10.1038/460789a| pmid = 19675617| s2cid = 205048385| doi-access = free}}</ref> Groundwater tables are falling in many areas of the country, from around 20 cm per year in Punjab to 3 to 5 metres per year in parts of Gujarat. The medium to long-term risks to agriculture in such a scenario range from an eventual decline in water resources, to the intrusion of salt-water in coastal areas.<ref name="J. Carl Ganter">{{cite web|url=http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2010/world/qa-upmanu-lall-gives-insight-to-indias-nexus-of-energy-food-and-water/| title = Q&A: Upmanu Lall on India's Nexus of Energy, Food and Water.| author = J. Carl Ganter| date = 4 June 2010|publisher=Circle of Blue}}</ref>

As groundwater tables drop, the pumping of groundwater from deeper and deeper wells requires an ever-increasing amount of electricity. Because electricity for agriculture is subsidised, there is little incentive for farmers to adopt water-saving techniques, creating a vicious circle of water and energy consumption.<ref name="J. Carl Ganter"/>

Recently, the government of Gujarat has engaged in a pilot program to experiment with ways to shift incentives for farmers toward more water- and energy-efficient technologies and practices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waterwideweb.org/incentives-for-water-conservation-in-guajarat.html|title=Incentives for Water Conservation in Gujarat.|author=Eryn-Ashlei Bailey|publisher=Water Wide Web|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502164844/http://www.waterwideweb.org/incentives-for-water-conservation-in-guajarat.html|archive-date=2 May 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://water.columbia.edu/?id=India&navid=Gujarat| title = Gujarat, India.|publisher=Columbia Water Center}}</ref>

In Karnataka, three projects are implemented in BESCOM and HESCOM areas (under AgDSM program = Agricultural Demand Side Management), with an objective to promote use of energy efficient pump sets in the irrigation.

===Targeting intended recipients===
According to the [[United Nations Development Program]], the richest 20% of the Indian population received $16 billion in subsidies in 2014. These subsidies were primarily the result of open subsidies on six goods and services - cooking gas, railways, power, aviation fuel, gold and kerosene. Another subsidy that benefits the richer sections of the population is tax exemption on public provident funds. However, these subsidies also benefit middle class and poor sections of the population.<ref>{{cite web|title=Human Development Report 2016|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|website=UNDP|access-date=21 March 2017|page=118}}</ref>

==Methodology for estimation of subsidies in India==

Alternative approaches and conventions have evolved regarding measurement of the magnitude of subsidies. Two major conventions relate to measurement through (i) budgets, and (ii) National Accounts. The latter estimates comprise explicit subsidies, and certain direct payments to producers in the private or public sectors (including compensation for operating losses for public undertakings) that are treated as subsidies. This, however, does not encompass all the implicit subsidies.

The estimates of budgetary subsidies are computed as the excess of the costs of providing a service over the recoveries from that service. The costs have been taken as the sum of:
# revenue expenditure on the concerned service
# annual depreciation on cumulative capital expenditure for the creation of physical assets in the service;
# Interest-cost (computed at the average rate of [[interest]] actually paid by the respective governments) of cumulative capital expenditure, equity investments in public enterprises, and loans given for the service concerned including those to the public enterprises. The recoveries are the current receipts from a service, which are usually in the form of user charges, fees, interest receipts and dividends.

Mathematically, the subsidy (S) in a service is obtained by:

'''S = RX + (d + i) K + i ( Z + L ) - ( RR + I + D )'''

Where: 
RX = revenue expenditure on the service 
L = sum of loans advanced for the service at the beginning of the period 
K = sum of capital expenditure on the service excluding equity investment at the beginning of the period. 
Z = sum of equity and loans advanced to public enterprises classified within the service category at the beginning of the period. 
RR = revenue receipts from the service 
I + D = interest, dividend and other revenue receipts from public enterprises falling within the service category. 
d = depreciation rate 
i = interest rate

Services provided by the govt are grouped under the broad categories of general, social and economic services.

General services consist of i) organs of state ii) fiscal services iii) administrative services iv) defence services, and v) miscellaneous services. These services can be taken as public goods because they satisfy, in general, the criteria of non-rival consumption and non-excludability. The entitlement to these services is common to all citizens. Since they are to be treated as public goods, they are assumed to be financed through taxes.

Important service categories in social services are i) education consisting of general education, technical education, sports and youth services, and art and culture, ii) health and family welfare, iii) water supply, sanitation, housing and urban development, iv) information and broadcasting, v) labour and employment and vi) social welfare and nutrition.

Under the heading of economics services, the following are included i) agriculture and allied activities, ii) rural development, iii) special area programmes, iv) irrigation and flood control, v)energy, vi) industry and minerals, vii) transport, viii) communications, ix) science technology and environment and x)general economic services.

In the estimation of subsidies these governmental services are divided into three groups:

Group1: all general services, secretariat expenses in social and economics services, and expenditure on natural calamities are included in this subgroup. Being public goods, these are financed out of taxation and are therefore not included in the estimation of subsidies.

Group 2: it consists of services with strong externalities associated with them. In the case of these services, it is arguable that even though the exclusion may be possible, these ought to be treated as [[merit good]]s or near-public goods. The provision of subsidies is most justified in this case. Near zero recovery rates in these cases only indicate the societal judgement that these may be financed out of tax-revenues.

Merit social services: elementary education, public health, sewerage and sanitation, information and publicity, welfare of SC, ST's and OBC's, labour, social welfare and nutrition etc.

Merit economic services: soil and water conservation, environmental forestry and wildlife, agricultural research and education, flood control and drainage, roads and bridges, space research, oceanographic research, other scientific research, ecology and environment and meteorology.

Group 3: all the remaining services are clubbed under this head. In these cases consumption is rival and exclusion is possible, therefore cost-recovery is possible through user charges. These services are regarded as non-merit services in the estimation of subsidies.

The distinction between merit and non merit services is based on the perceived strong externalities associated with the merit services. However, it does not imply that the subsidisation in their case needs to be hundred percent. In addition, even if small recoveries are advocated for merit services, the issues relating to the costs of their provision, leakages to non-target beneficiaries, and their effectiveness in attaining the objectives for which they are provided, need to be examined. It also does not mean that there are no externalities associated with non-merit services, or that the subsidies associated with them should be completely eliminated.

==Central government subsidies==

===Trends in the subsidies given by Central Government ( Year 1994-95)===
* The bulk of the Central Govt's subsidies arise on the provision of economic services, which account for 88% of the total subsidies (10% on merit services and 78% on non-merit).
* The recovery rates in the social end economic services are very low (around 10%).
* Subsidies on non-merit goods are more than five times those on merit goods, which reflects on an unduly large and ill-directed subsidy regime.
* The bulk of subsidies on merit goods go for the construction of roads and bridges, followed by elementary education and scientific research.
* Amongst non-merit services, the biggest recipients are industries and agriculture and allied services.
* 78% of subsidies which go for non-merit economic services are amenable to economic pricing. Even if one allows for a part of these subsidies being given in the interest of redistribution or provision of human needs, a substantial part must be due to inefficiency costs of public provision of these services and/or inessential input or output subsidies.
* Subsidies to Central Public Enterprises are estimated separately as the excess of imputed return on the equity held and loans given by the central government to these enterprises, over actual receipts in the form of dividends and interests. Subsidy in this manner is calculated for each enterprise. They are aggregated according to cognate groups.
Each cognate group has some enterprises that receive a subsidy and some surplus units.

===Explicit subsidies of the Centre===
The most important explicit subsidies administered through the Central Government budget are food and fertiliser subsidies, and until recently, export subsidies. These subsidies account for about 30% of the total central subsidies in a year and have grown at a rate of approx 10% per annum over the period 1971–72 to 1996–97.

The relative importance of different explicit subsidies has changed over the years. E.g., food subsidies accounted for about 70% of total Central explicit subsidies in 1974–75. Since then, its relative share fell steadily reaching its lowest of 20.15% in 1990–91. Thence onwards, it has risen steadily reaching a figure of 40% in 1995–96.Export subsidies have been on the decline except for the spurt in the late 1980s, whereas the relative share of the food subsidies has been rising although in a cyclical pattern.

As a proportion of GDP, explicit Central govt subsidies were just about 0.305 in 1971–72. they continued to increase steadily reaching a peak of 2.38% in 1989–90. after this during the reform years, the explicit subsidies as a proportion of GDP have continued to decline.

===Public Policy===
In the last quarter of the 20th century, Indian governments began procuring condoms on large scale to facilitate national population control schemes by reselling them at subsidised prices.<ref>[http://tc.nic.in/areports/annualreport-2005-06.pdf Government of India procured almost 2 billion condoms in 2004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619062117/http://tc.nic.in/areports/annualreport-2005-06.pdf }} (p.9, pdf)</ref>

===Recent trends===
Expenditure on major subsidies has increased in nominal terms from Rs. 95.81 billion in 1990–91 to Rs. 40, 4.16 billion in 2002–03. It was budgeted to increase by 20.3 percent to Rs. 48, 6.36 billion in 2003–04. Expenditure on major subsidies as per cent
of revenue expenditure after declining from 13.0 per cent in 1990–91 to 8.7 per cent in 1995-96 started rising to reach a level of 9.6 per cent in 1998–99. In 2002–03, expenditure on major subsidises increased to 11.9 per cent from 10.0 per cent in 2001–02. With the dismantling of the administered price mechanism for petroleum products from 1 April 2002, subsidies in respect of LPG and kerosene distributed through the [[Public Distribution System]] are now explicitly reflected in the budget. This partially explains the spurt of 35.3 per cent in the expenditure on major subsidies in 2002–03. The spurt in major subsidies in 2002-03 was also because of an increase in food subsidy by Rs. 66.77 billion necessitated by the widespread drought in the country. Some of the major initiatives taken so far to rationalise the budgetary subsidies include targeted approach to food subsidy (BPL families) under Public Distribution System, allowing [[Food Corporation of India]] (FCI) to access market loans carrying lower interest rates, encouraging private trade in food grains, liquidating excess food grain stocks, replacing unit based retention price scheme with a group based scheme in the case of fertiliser subsidies and proposed phasing out of subsidies on PDS kerosene and LPG. (Economic Survey for the year 2004-05

==Subsidies of state governments==

Subsidies given by 15 non-special category States were estimated for 1993–94, the latest year for which reasonably detailed data were available for all these States. The trends thrown up by the study are:
* Subsidies in social services and economic services both constitute half each of the total subsidies given by the States.
* The proportion of merit subsidies is much higher in social services vis-à-vis economic services.
* The overall recovery rate is 5.81% of the total cost (less than 2% in social services and approx. 9% in economic services).
* There is a distinct tendency for the per capita subsidies to rise as the per capita incomes rise.
* None of the 15 States spends more than 30-35% of total subsidies on merit goods.
* The recovery rates for merit services show variation in a narrow band whereas the largest variations are recorded for recovery rates for non-merit economic services.
* The near zero surpluses for all services show that subsidies are mainly financed by tax-revenues and borrowing in the States.
* More than one-fifth of non-merit social subsidies accrue to education, sports and art & culture.
* In economic services, [[irrigation]] accounts for nearly a quarter of services whereas power accounts for around 12%.
* Lastly, subsidies to States' public enterprises are large but recovery in the form of interests and dividends is extremely low.

==Centre and states: aggregate budget-based subsidies==

Total non-merit subsidy for the Central and State governments taken together amount to Rs. 1021452.4 million in 1994–95, which is 10.71% of GDP at market prices. The share of Central government in this is 35.37%, i.e. roughly half of corresponding State government subsidies. The recovery-rate for the Centre, in the case of non-merit subsidies, is 12.13%, which is somewhat higher than the corresponding figure of 9.28% for the States. The difference in recovery rates is striking for non-merit social services, being 18.14% for the centre and 3.97% for the States. It is only marginally different for non-merit economic services (11.65% for Centre and 12.87% for States) where, in fact, States do better.

The total non-merit subsidies for the year 1994-95 amounted to 10.71% of GDP at market prices, resulting in a combined fiscal deficit of 7.3% for the Centre, States and Union Territories. Therefore, if these subsidies were phased out, the same would have a discernible impact on the fiscal deficit. It can be done by increasing the relevant user charges, which would also lead to a reduction in their demand. Apart from these first round effects, there would also be positive secondary effects on fiscal deficit, as the overall efficiency in the economy rises with an improved utilisation of scarce resources like water, power and petroleum. With an increase in efficiency, the consequent expansion of tax-bases and rise in tax-revenues would further reduce the fiscal deficit.

==Benefits of subsidies==

The relative distribution of the benefits of a subsidy may be studied with respect to different classes or groups of beneficiaries such as consumers and producers, as also between different classes of consumers and producers.
* In case of food subsidy, PDS suffers from considerable leakage and apart from a low coverage of poor; the magnitude of benefit derived by the poor is very small.
* In case of electricity, the subsidy rates have been rising for both agriculture and domestic sectors because the unit cost has been rising faster than the relevant tariff-rate. Also, there is considerable variation in the level of per capita electricity subsidy indicates that, in the richer States, the per capita subsidy is substantially higher as compared to that in the poorer States.
* In case of public irrigation, water has a very high marginal productivity when used in conjunction with HYV of seeds, chemical fertilisers, power and other related inputs. It is the richer farmers who may derive relatively larger benefits because of their capacity to use these allied inputs.
* Subsidies to elementary education form about half of the total subsidies on general education. However, this is not true for all individual States: the share of elementary education is lowest in the high income States and the highest in the low income States (Goa, Punjab and West Bengal actually give higher subsidies to secondary education than primary education).A negative correlation between the level of per capita income and the share of subsidies to elementary education is thus discernible. Most subsidies to higher education accrue predominantly to the better-off sections of society as they have an overwhelming advantage in competing out prospective candidates from the poorer sections in getting admission to courses that are characterised by scarcity of seats.
* For subsidies of health, the greater emphasis on curative health care expenditure often reflects a bias towards the better-off people whereas preventive health care expenditure with much larger externalities would clearly be of greater help to the economically weaker sections of the society.

==Agenda for reform==

The study brings to the fore the massive magnitude of subsidies in the provision of economic and social services by the government. Even if merit subsidies are set aside, the remaining subsidies alone amount to 10.7% of GDP, comprising 3.8% and 6.9% of GDP, pertaining to Centre and State subsidies respectively. The average all-India recovery rate for these non-merit goods/services is just 10.3%, implying a subsidy rate of almost 90%.

The macroeconomic costs of unjustified subsidies are mirrored in persistent large fiscal deficits and consequently higher interest rates. In addition, unduly high levels of subsidisation reflected in corresponding low user charges produce serious micro-economic distortions as well. Its prime manifestations include excessive demand for subsidised services, distortions in relative prices and misallocation of resources. These are discernible in the case of certain input based subsidies. These problems are further compounded where the subsidy regime is plagued by leakages which ensure neither equity nor efficiency.

The agenda for reform should therefore focus on:
* Reducing the overall scale of subsidies
* Making subsidies as transparent as possible
* Using subsidies for well defined economic objectives
* Focusing subsidies to final goods and services with a view to maximising their impact on the target population at minimum cost
* Instituting systems for periodic review of subsidies

== See also ==
* [[Direct Benefit Transfer]]
*[[Give up LPG subsidy]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://sites.google.com/site/industrialsubsidiesin/msme-schemes-for-industries Assistance Schemes for Small and Medium Enterprises]
* [http://www.Industrialsubsidy.net Subsidies For Industries in INDIA]
* [https://mysarkariyojana.org.in/pm-modi-health-id-card/ Digital Health ID Card]
* [http://www.thebetterindia.com/28649/lpg-subsidy/ 10 Lakh Consumers Gave up their LPG Subsidy Under the ‘Say-no-to-LPG-Subsidy’ Campaign]

[[Category:Economy of India]]
[[Category:Government finances in India]]
[[Category:Government schemes in India| ]]

Amravati Lok Sabha constituency

2022-11-26T22:10:42Z

SJoshi: Finished writing a new contribution.

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| image =File:MaharashtraAmravati.png
| caption =Map of Amravati
| established = 1951–present
| party = Independent
| mp = [[Navnit Ravi Rana]]
| year = 2019
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| assembly_cons =[[Badnera Assembly constituency|Badnera]] [[Amravati Assembly constituency|Amravati]] [[Teosa Assembly constituency|Teosa]] [[Daryapur Assembly constituency|Daryapur]] [[Melghat Assembly constituency|Melghat]] [[Achalpur Assembly constituency|Achalpur]]
|name=Amravati
|electors=18,33,201
|reservation=[[Scheduled Caste]]
|preceded_by=[[Anandrao Adsul]]
}}

'''Amravati Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 48 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]].

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Amravati Lok Sabha constituency comprises six Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) segments. These segments (with constituency number and reservation status) are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archive-date=18 March 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
! No
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
|37
|[[Badnera Assembly constituency|Badnera]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Amravati district|Amravati]]
|[[Ravi Rana]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|-
|38
|[[Amravati Assembly constituency|Amravati]]
|[[Sulbha Sanjay Khodke|Sulbha Khodke]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|39
|[[Teosa Assembly constituency|Teosa]]
|[[Yashomati Chandrakant Thakur|Yashomati Thakur]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|40
|[[Daryapur Assembly constituency|Daryapur]] (SC)
|[[Balwant Baswant Wankhade|Balwant Wankhade]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|41
|[[Melghat Assembly constituency|Melghat]] (ST)
|[[Rajkumar Dayaram Patel|Rajkumar Patel]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Prahar Janshakti Party}}" |
|[[Prahar Janshakti Party|PJP]]
|-
|42
|[[Achalpur Assembly constituency|Achalpur]]
|[[Bachchu Kadu]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Prahar Janshakti Party}}" |
|[[Prahar Janshakti Party|PJP]]
|}

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name
! colspan="2"|Party
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Panjabrao Deshmukh]]{{efn|Amravati East}}
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=10}}
|-
|[[Krishnarao Gulabrao Deshmukh|Krishnarao Deshmukh]]{{efn|Amravati West}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Panjabrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|-
|1965^
|[[Vimal Punjab Deshmukh|Vimalbai Deshmukh]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Krishnarao Gulabrao Deshmukh|Krishnarao Deshmukh]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Nanasaheb Bonde]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Usha Choudhari]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Sudam Deshmukh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[Pratibha Patil]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Anant Gudhe]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[R. S. Gavai]]
|{{Full party name with color|Republican Party of India}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Anant Gudhe]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Anandrao Vithoba Adsul|Anandrao Adsul]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Navaneet Kaur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|}
^ by-poll

==Election results==
===General elections 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Amravati]]}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Navaneet Kaur]]
|votes = 5,10,947
|percentage = 45.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = [[Anandrao Vithoba Adsul|Anandrao Adsul]]
|votes = 4,73,996
|percentage = 42.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi
|candidate = Gunavant Deopare
|votes = 65,135
|percentage = 5.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Arun Motiramji Wankhade
|votes = 12,336
|percentage = 1.11
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 5,322
|percentage = 0.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 36,951
|percentage =3.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,13,853
|percentage = 60.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Independent (politician)
|loser = Shiv Sena
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Amravati]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Shiv Sena|candidate=[[Anandrao Vithoba Adsul|Anandrao Adsul]]|votes=4,67,212|percentage=46.72|change=+3.81}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Nationalist Congress Party|candidate=[[Navaneet Kaur]]|votes=3,29,280|percentage=32.93|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Gunvant Devpare|votes=98,200|percentage=9.82|change=+4.12}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Republican Party of India|candidate=Dr.Rajendra Gawai|votes=54,278|percentage=5.42|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Bhawna Bhavesh Vasnik|votes=6,424|percentage=0.6|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,37,932|percentage=13.79|change=+5.36}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,04,542|percentage=62.29|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Shiv Sena
|swing = +3.81
}}
{{Election box end}}
<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS137.htm?ac=7 | title = ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA: GENERAL ELECTION TO LOK SABHA TRENDS & RESULT 2014 | access-date = 16 May 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140517152558/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS137.htm?ac=7 | archive-date = 17 May 2014 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

===General elections 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Amravati]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = [[Anandrao Vithoba Adsul|Anandrao Adsul]]
|votes = 3,14,286
|percentage = 42.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Republican Party of India (Gavai)
|candidate = [[Rajendra Gavai]]
|votes = 2,52,570
|percentage = 34.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Dr. Rajiv Jamthe
|votes = 64,438
|percentage = 8.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Gangadhar Gade]]
|votes = 41,775
|percentage = 5.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 61,716
|percentage = 8.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,32,508
|percentage = 51.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Shiv Sena
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Amravati district]]
* [[Wardha district]]
* [[Ramtek Lok Sabha constituency]] (for Amravati West Lok Sabha constituency abolished after 1951 elections)
* [[List of Constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://indiaelection.github.io/indiaelections2014info/parliament/2019/states/maharashtra/amravati/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Amravati lok sabha constituency election 2019 results details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Anandrao Adsul]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Member for [[Amravati]]
| years = 2009–2019
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Navaneet Kaur]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{coord|20|55|54.99|N|77|45|55.05|E|region:IN|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amravati Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Amravati district]]

Rajkumari Amrit Kaur

2022-08-12T11:22:21Z

SJoshi: Wrote an informative guide.

#REDIRECT [[Amrit Kaur]]
{{R from move}}

Ramkali Sadu

2022-07-01T17:36:07Z

SJoshi: Wrote an informative guide.

{{Infobox poem
| name = Sad(h)/ਸਦੁ
| image = Opening lines of the Ramkali Sadh composition present within a historical, handwritten Guru Granth Sahib manuscript. The author of this composition was Baba Sundar, the great-grandson of Guru Amar Das.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Opening lines of the Ramkali Sadh composition present within a historical, handwritten Guru Granth Sahib manuscript
| subtitle =
| author = Baba Sundar ji
| original_title = Ramkali Sadh, Sidh Gosti
| original_title_lang = [[Gurmukhi]]
| translator =
| written = [[Punjab]], Mid 16th Century
| first = [[Adi Granth]], 1604
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = India
| language = Gurmukhi
| series =
| subject = Physical Death vs Spiritual Death
| genre = Religion
| form =
| meter = [[Ramkali]]
| rhyme =
| publisher =
| publication_date =
| publication_date_en =
| media_type =
| lines = 6 Stanzas
| angs = 923/924
| size_weight =
| isbn =
| oclc =
| preceded_by = [[Anand Sahib|Ramkali Mahalla 3 Anand]] (ਰਾਮਕਲੀ ਮਹਲਾ ੩ ਅਨੰਦੁ)
| followed_by = Ramkali Mahalla 5 Chantt (ਰਾਮਕਲੀ ਮਹਲਾ ੫ ਛੰਤ)
| wikisource =
}}
{{Guru Granth Sahib sidebar}}
'''Ramkali Sadh''' (ਰਾਮਕਲੀ ਸਦੁ) is a composition present in [[Guru Granth Sahib]] on ang 923/924, composed by [[Baba Sunder|Baba Sundar]],<ref>
{{cite encyclopedia
|last=Nabha
|first=Kahn Singh
|encyclopedia=Gur Shabad Ratnakar Mahankosh
|title=ਸੁੰਦਰ
|language=pa
|publisher=Sudarshan Press
|quote=''ਸ਼੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰਦੇਵ ਜੀ ਦਾ ਪੜੋਤਾ, ਜਿਸ ਦੀ ਰਚਨਾ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ ਰਾਗ ਵਿੱਚ "ਸਦੁ" ਦੇਖੀਦਾ ਹੈ. "ਕਹੈ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਸੁਣਹੁ ਸੰਤਹੁ ਸਭ ਜਗਤ ਪੈਰੀ ਪਾਇ ਜੀਉ." (ਸਦੁ) "ਨੰਦਨੁ ਮੋਹਰੀ ਨਾਮ ਅਨੰਦ। ਤਿਹ ਨੰਦਨ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਮਤਿਵੰਦ।।"¹ (ਗੁਪ੍ਰਸੂ)''
}}
</ref> in [[Ramkali]] [[Raga]]. The composition has 6 stanzas. Sadh literally means Call (ਸੱਦਾ).<ref>
{{cite encyclopedia
|last=Nabha
|first=Kahn Singh
|encyclopedia=Gur Shabad Ratnakar Mahankosh
|title=Sadd
|language=pa
|publisher=Sudarshan Press
|quote=''੨. ਸ਼ਬਦ. "ਹਉ ਜੀਵਾ ਸਦੁ ਸੁਣੇ." (ਵਾਰ ਕਾਨ ਮਃ ੪) ੩. ਭਿਖ੍ਯਾ ਲਈ ਸੱਦਾ, ਜੋ ਗ੍ਰਿਹਸਥੀ ਦੇ ਦਰ ਤੇ ਫ਼ਕੀਰ ਲੋਕ ਦਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ "ਇਕਿ ਵਣਖੰਡਿ ਬੈਸਹਿ ਜਾਇ ਸਦੁ ਨ ਦੇਵਹੀ." (ਵਾਰ ਮਲਾ ਮਃ ੧) ੪. ਉਪਦੇਸ਼.''
}}</ref>
This narration tells Sikh attitude towards physical death of a Gurmukh.<ref>
{{cite book |last=Dhanoa|first=Surain Singh |title=Raj Karega Khalsa|publisher=Sanbun Publishers |page=97 }}</ref>
It also narrates events of succession of Gur Ram Das over Gur Amar Das.<ref>
{{cite book |last=Siṅgha|first=Sukhadiāla |title=Historical analysis of Giani Gian Singh's writings|publisher=UICS |page=3 }}</ref>

==Keso Gopal Pundit==
Keso Gopal Pandit (ਕੇਸੋ ਗੋਪਾਲ ਪੰਡਿਤ) is a qualitative name used for a [[Sikh]] in Ramkali Sadu. Here Pundit is not singular but plural. Following is stanza where this name is present:

ਕੇਸੋ ਗੋਪਾਲ ਪੰਡਿਤ ਸਦਿਅਹੁ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਕਥਾ ਪੜਹਿ ਪੁਰਾਣੁ ਜੀਉ ॥

Traditional commentators thought it to be some historical person during time of [[Guru Amar Dass]].<ref>[http://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/biographies/hindu-bhagats-and-poets-and-punjabi-officials/kesho-gopal-pandit sikhencyclopedia.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502002721/http://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/biographies/hindu-bhagats-and-poets-and-punjabi-officials/kesho-gopal-pandit }}</ref> However, linguistically, experts agree 'Keso Gopal Pandit' refers to a learned scholar (Pundit) who has extensive knowledge and wisdom.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Sahib|title=Guru Granth Sahib Darpan |format=Exegesis |language=pa |location=India |quote=ਕੇਸੋ ਗੋਪਾਲ (ਅਕਾਲ ਪੁਰਖ) ਦੇ ਪੰਡਿਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੱਦ ਘੱਲਿਓ, ਜੋ (ਆ ਕੇ) ਅਕਾਲ ਪੁਰਖ ਦੀ ਕਥਾ ਵਾਰਤਾ-ਰੂਪ ਪੁਰਾਣ ਪੜ੍ਹਨ। }}</ref> In Gurmat, Gurmukhi have knowledge of Keso/Gopal. Others believe Guru Amar Das ji to be simply asking to invite 'such a learned scholar(s)', who can read the sermon of the eternal lord, har har.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0VE_mk9aU0 Avtar Singh Raagi Singing a hymn of Ramkali Sadh]
{{Writers of Guru Granth Sahib}}

[[Category:Adi Granth]]

Jathedar of Akal Takht

2022-06-06T16:58:30Z

SJoshi: Article formatted.

#REDIRECT [[Jathedar of the Akal Takht]]

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