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Namitha Pramod

2026-05-07T13:01:35Z

Rudratree:

{{Indian name|Namitha|Pramod}}
{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Namitha Pramod
| image = Namitha Pramod at attukal devi temple 2025.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|09|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]], [[Kerala]], India
| alma_mater = [[St. Teresa's College|St. Teresa's College, Kochi]]
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2011–present
}}

'''Namitha Pramod''' (born 19 September 1996) is an Indian actress who appears mainly in [[Malayalam]] films.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/314694/ |title=എന്നെ വിട്ടുപോകാത്ത താമര, Interview – Mathrubhumi Movies |publisher=Mathrubhumi.com |date=5 November 2012 |access-date=24 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107004629/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/314694/ |archive-date=7 January 2014}}</ref> She made her acting debut in a supporting role in the Malayalam film ''[[Traffic (2011 film)|Traffic]]'' (2011) and appeared in her first lead role in [[Puthiya Theerangal|''Puthiya'' ''Theerangal'']], which was released in 2012.

She went on to appear in super hit films like ''[[Sound Thoma]]'' (2013), [[Pullipulikalum Aattinkuttiyum|''Pullipulikalum'' ''Aattinkuttiyum'']] (2013), ''[[Vikramadithyan]]'' (2014), ''[[Villali Veeran]]'' (2014), ''[[Chandrettan Evideya]]'' (2015), [[Amar Akbar Anthony (2015 film)|''Amar Akbar Anthony'']] (2015), ''[[Adi Kapyare Kootamani]]'' (2015), [[Role Models (2017 film)|''Role Models'']] (2017) and ''[[Al Mallu]]'' (2020).

==Early life and education==
Namitha Pramod was born in [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]] as the daughter of Pramod, a businessman and Indu, a housewife.<ref name="deccanchronicle1">{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130818/entertainment-mollywood/article/namitha-pramod-shooting-star |title=Namitha Pramod: A shooting star |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=18 August 2013 |access-date=24 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711051127/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/130818/entertainment-mollywood/article/namitha-pramod-shooting-star |archive-date=11 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Her younger sister is Akhita Pramod.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} She attended Carmel Girls Higher Secondary School in [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/role-call/article3947245.ece |title=Role call |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214133552/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/role-call/article3947245.ece |archive-date=14 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> She attended the [[St. Teresa's College|St. Teresa's College, Kochi]] to pursue a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in sociology.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} She has stated that she was "not going to let [her] acting career compromise [her] studies".<ref name="deccan 40703">[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140703/entertainment-mollywood/article/namitha-pramods-dream-working-prithviraj-comes-true Namitha Pramod's dream of working with Prithviraj comes true] . Deccanchronicle.com (3 July 2014). Retrieved 14 October 2015.</ref>

==Career==
Namitha started acting when she was in seventh standard by acting in ''Vellankanni Mathavu'', ''Amme Devi'', and ''Ente Manasa Puthri''.<ref name="web.archive.org">{{Cite web |date=2012-07-11 |title=Namitha Pramod plays a fisherwoman |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/kochi/namitha-pramod-plays-fisherwoman-503 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711035442/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/kochi/namitha-pramod-plays-fisherwoman-503 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-11 |access-date=2023-11-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/65293 |title=സാധാരണ ജീവിതമാണ് ഇഷ്ടം |publisher=mangalam.com |date=11 June 2013 |access-date=24 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203075715/http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/65293 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> She made her film debut in a supporting role in [[Rajesh Pillai]]'s critically acclaimed ''[[Traffic (2011 film)|Traffic]]''<ref name="web.archive.org" /> In 2012, she played her first lead role in the film ''[[Puthiya Theerangal]]'', opposite [[Nivin Pauly]].<ref name="thehindu1"/> It was followed by lead roles in ''[[Sound Thoma]]'' with [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]] and ''[[Pullipulikalum Aattinkuttiyum]]'' with [[Kunchacko Boban]] in which she played a [[Mohiniyattam]] dancer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/354791/ |title=നമിത റോക്‌സ്‌, Interview – Mathrubhumi Movies |publisher=Mathrubhumi.com |date=18 April 2013 |access-date=24 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024234532/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/354791/ |archive-date=24 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Namitha Pramod / Photoshoot / Avinash Choochi Photography / Behind the Scenes / | date=8 July 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtAMX-bT8I |via=YouTube}}</ref> She was not trained in Mohiniyattam and learned the dance steps at [[Saranya Mohan]]'s dance school in [[Alappuzha]] for four days.<ref name="deccanchronicle1"/> Both films were successful and she was selected as Top Star (Female) 2013 in Malayalam.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://themoviesdetails.blogspot.in/2014/01/top-10-highest-grossing-malayalam.html |title=The Movies Details/Reviews: TOP 10 HIGHEST GROSSING MALAYALAM MOVIES −2013 |publisher=Themoviesdetails.blogspot.in |date=9 January 2014 |access-date=24 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030232335/http://themoviesdetails.blogspot.in/2014/01/top-10-highest-grossing-malayalam.html |archive-date=30 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, she was first seen in ''En Kadhal Pudhithu'', her debut Tamil film directed by Maaris Kumar which had a delayed release,<ref>[http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130307/entertainment-kollywood/article/trailing-his-mentor Trailing his mentor | Deccan Chronicle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714150617/http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130307/entertainment-kollywood/article/trailing-his-mentor |date=14 July 2014 }}. Archives.deccanchronicle.com (7 March 2013). Retrieved 14 October 2015.</ref> followed by Lijin Jose's ''[[Law Point]]'' in which she played a modern, city bred girl named Maya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/malayalam/news-and-interviews/Namitha-going-glam/articleshow/27155306.cms |title=Namitha going glam|work=The Times of India |date=10 December 2013 |access-date=24 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211120216/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/malayalam/news-and-interviews/Namitha-going-glam/articleshow/27155306.cms |archive-date=11 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mangalam.com/women/interview/16184 |title=നമിതാ പ്രമോദ്‌.. |publisher=mangalam.com |date=14 December 2012 |access-date=24 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016061035/http://www.mangalam.com/women/interview/16184 |archive-date=16 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Lal Jose]]'s ''[[Vikramadithyan]]'', she played the role of Deepika, a [[Konkani people|Konkani]] girl, which required her to speak a few lines in [[Konkani language|Konkani]], a language she had never used before. Her next film ''[[Villali Veeran]]'', in which she paired once again with Dileep, had her playing the role of an ad filmmaker.<ref>Nambidi, Parvathy. (26 June 2014) [http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Veeran-Set-for-Onam-Arrival/2014/06/26/article2300320.ece 'Veeran' Set for Onam Arrival] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714234651/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Veeran-Set-for-Onam-Arrival/2014/06/26/article2300320.ece |date=14 July 2014 }}. The New Indian Express. Retrieved 14 October 2015.</ref> Her last release in 2014 was ''[[Ormayundo Ee Mukham]]'', a romantic drama in which she was cast opposite [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]. Her first release of 2015 was ''[[Chandrettan Evideya]]'' where she portrayed the role of Dr.Geethanjali along with [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]] and [[Anusree]].Her performance was critically acclaimed and she went on to receive her first nomination at [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Malayalam|Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]].

She has acted in many [[commercials]] of [[Bhima Jewellers]], Francis Alukkas and Ripple Tea. She has participated in [[reality show]] ''[[''''Ningalkkum Aakaam Kodeeshwaran'''']]'' on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]].

In 2023, Namitha established Summer Town Cafe, a vintage cafe located in [[Panampilly Nagar]], [[Kochi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily |first=Keralakaumudi |title=Namitha Pramod comes up with new venture; inaugurated together by stars, Meenakshi Dileep lights ceremonial lamp |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=989410&u=namitha-pramod-comes-up-with-new-venture-inaugurated-together-by-stars-meenakshi-dileep-lights-ceremonial-lamp |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=Keralakaumudi Daily |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
*''All films are in [[Malayalam]] language unless otherwise noted''.

=== Film ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="wikitable sortable" | Notes
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Traffic (2011 film)|Traffic]]'' || Riya ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Puthiya Theerangal]]'' || Thamara || Debut as lead actress
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2013 || ''[[Sound Thoma]]'' || Sreelakshmi ||
|-
| ''[[Pullipulikalum Aattinkuttiyum]]'' || Kainakari Jayasree ||
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2014 || ''En Kaadhal Pudhithu'' || Nandini || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film
|-
| ''[[Law Point]]'' || Maya ||
|-
| ''[[Vikramadithyan]]'' || Deepika Pai||
|-
| ''[[Villali Veeran]]'' || Narmada ||
|-
| ''[[Ormayundo Ee Mukham]]'' || Nitya ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Of-Love-and-Other-Emotions/2014/10/28/article2496281.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117144343/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Of-Love-and-Other-Emotions/2014/10/28/article2496281.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 November 2014|title=Of Love and Other Emotions|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2015 || ''[[Chandrettan Evideya]]'' || Dr. Geethanjali/ Vasanthamallika
||<ref>{{cite news|title=Namitha replaces Vedhicka in Chandrettan Evideya|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2015/namitha-pramod-to-replace-vedhika-in-chandrettan-evideya-170810.html|publisher=Filmibeat}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony (2015 film)|Amar Akbar Anthony]]'' || Jennie ||
|-
| ''[[Adi Kapyare Kootamani]]'' || Adhishta Lekshmi ||<ref name="CC1">{{cite web |title=Namitha to romance Dhyan in 'Adi Kapyare Kootamani' |url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/gossip/namitha-pramod-dhyan-sreenivasan-in-adi-kapyare-kootamani-friday-film-house.html |work=Manorama Online |date=4 August 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Chuttalabbai]]'' ||Kavya || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film<ref>[https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-01-26/Glad-to-debut-in-Telugu/202639 Glad to debut in Telugu]</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2017 || ''[[Role Models (2017 film)|Role Models]]''|| Shreya||<ref name="toi29">{{cite news |last1=Soman |first1=Deepa |title=Namitha Pramod a water sports trainer in 'Role Models' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/Namitha-Pramod-a-water-sports-trainer-in-Role-Models/articleshow/54565605.cms |accessdate=11 December 2016 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=29 September 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kathalo Rajakumari]]'' || Sita || Telugu film<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-11-21/Namitha-Pramod-is-Rohith%E2%80%99s-Rajakumari-187826 |title=Namitha Pramod is Rohith's Rajakumari |publisher=thehansindia.com |date=21 November 2015 |accessdate=26 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2018 || ''[[Nimir]]'' || Malarvizhi (Malar)|| Tamil film<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 October 2017 |title=Her version of Malar |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/oct/04/her-version-of-malar-1666879.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224071052/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/oct/04/her-version-of-malar-1666879.html |archive-date=24 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 December 2017 |title=Though I can speak Tamil, I haven't given voiceover for my character |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/though-i-can-speak-tamil-i-havent-given-voiceover-for-my-character/articleshow/62008804.cms |url-status=live |access-date=24 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224071040/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/though-i-can-speak-tamil-i-havent-given-voiceover-for-my-character/articleshow/62008804.cms |archive-date=24 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kammara Sambhavam]]'' || Bhanumathy ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Margamkali (film)|Margamkali]]'' || Urmila ||<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/watch-margamkali-makers-unveil-a-powerful-clip-from-the-film-featuring-namitha-pramod/articleshow/70554871.cms |title=Watch: 'Margamkali' makers unveil a powerful clip from the film featuring Namitha Pramod |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 August 2019 }}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Al Mallu]]'' || Nayana ||<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/namitha-pramod-miya-team-up-for-boban-samuels-al-mallu/articleshow/68241657.cms |title=Namitha Pramod, Miya team up for Boban Samuel's Al Mallu |website=The Times of India|date=5 March 2019 }}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || ''Aanu'' || Alma ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aanu-directed-by-sidhartha-siva-to-be-shown-at-iffk/article66230206.ece/|title=Sidhartha Siva's Malayalam film, 'Aanu', narrates the predicament of two women|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 December 2022 |last1=M |first1=Athira }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2022 || ''[[Eesho (film)|Eesho]]'' || Aswathy || <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jayasurya-namitha-pramod-film-eeshos-first-look-motion-poster-is-here/articleshow/82632565.cms |title=Jayasurya – Namitha Pramod film 'Eesho's' first look motion poster is here |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 May 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| ''Viral Sebi'' || Herself || Cameo appearance<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2021-10-18 |title=Vidhu Vincent completes shooting Viral Sebi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2021/Oct/18/vidhu-vincent-completes-shooting-viral-sebi-27351.html |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2023 || ''[[Rajni (film)|Rajni]]'' || rowspan="2"|Gauri || rowspan="2" 2|Bilingual film in Malayalam and Tamil <ref>{{Cite news |title=Kalidas Jayaram's bilingual film 'Rajni' wraps up the shoot in 'Bheeshma Parvam' style |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kalidas-jayarams-bilingual-film-rajni-wraps-up-the-shoot-in-bheeshma-parvam-style/articleshow/90662113.cms |access-date=2023-02-26 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Rajni (film)|Aval Peyar Rajni]]''
|-
| ''[[A Ranjith Cinema]]'' ||Pournami||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aval Peyar Rajni trailer review: Kalidas Jayaram's mystery thriller film promises many plot twists |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/aval-peyar-rajni-trailer-review-kalidas-jayarams-mystery-thriller-film-promises-many-plot-twists/df028f70a9299 |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024 || ''[[Once Upon a Time in Kochi]]'' || ACP Sreya J Menon || Cameo appearance<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-05-29 |title=Once Upon A Time In Kochi Trailer: A police procedural centered around drug abuse in Kochi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/videos/2024/May/29/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-trailer-a-police-procedural-centered-around-drug-abuse-in-kochi |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Cup (film)|Cup]]'' || Coach Sandhya||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-09-04 |title=Mathew Thomas-Basil Joseph starrer Cup confirms release |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Sep/04/mathew-thomas-basil-joseph-starrer-cup-confirms-release |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Machante Maalakha]]'' || Bijimol ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-01-08 |title=Soubin Shahir and Dhyan Sreenivasan's Machaante Maalakha gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jan/08/soubin-shahir-and-dhyan-sreenivasans-machaante-maalakha-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year!!Serial !! Role !! Channel
|-
|2021
|''Madhavi'' (Short film)<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/namitha-pramods-next-is-madhavi-with-ranjith/articleshow/80682382.cms |title=Namitha Pramod's next is 'Madhavi' with Ranjith |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 February 2021 }}</ref>||Madhavi||Flowers TV
|-
|2008||''Ulladakkam''||Title song appearance||[[Amrita TV]]
|-
|2008-2010||''[[Ente Manasaputhri]]'' || Anjali ||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|-
|2007||''Vellankanni Mathavu'' || Mathavu ||[[Surya TV]]
|-
|2007|| ''Amme Devi'' || Devi ||[[Surya TV]]
|-
|2006||''Mylanchy Mazha''||Amina||[[Album|Music Album]]
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
!Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Result
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
| rowspan="2" |''[[Puthiya Theerangal]]''
| [[Amrita TV|Amrita Film Awards]]
|New Face of the Year
|{{Won}}
|-
| [[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards|2nd SIIMA Awards]]
| Best Female Debutant
|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
| rowspan="2" |''[[Pullipulikalum Aattinkuttiyum]]''
| rowspan="4" | [[Asianet Film Awards]]
| Popular Actress
|{{Won}}{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}
|-
| Best Actress
|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |2015
| rowspan="2" |''[[Ormayundo Ee Mukham]]''
| Best Star Pair
|{{Won}}
|-
| Best Character Actress
|{{Nom}}
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Vikramadithyan]]''
| [[Vanitha Film Awards]]
| Best Star Pair
|{{Won}}
|-
| [[4th South Indian International Movie Awards|4th SIIMA Awards]]
| Best Actress – Malayalam
|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="6" |2016
| rowspan="4" |''[[Chandrettan Evideya]]''
|[[Filmfare Awards]]
||[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Malayalam|Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam]]
| {{Nom}}
|-
| [[1st IIFA Utsavam]]
| Best Supporting Actress
|{{Nom}}
|-
||[[5th South Indian International Movie Awards|5th SIIMA Awards]]
||Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Anand TV Awards
| Best Actress
|{{Nom}}
|-
| ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony (2015 film)|Amar Akbar Anthony]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Vanitha Film Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | Most Popular Actress
| {{won}}
|-
| ''[[Adi Kapyare Kootamani]]''
| {{won}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Namitha Pramod}}
* {{IMDb name|id=5166292}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pramod, Namitha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:People from Kottayam district]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kottayam]]
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:St. Teresa's College alumni]]

T. M. Tamilselvam

2026-05-07T02:31:52Z

Rudratree:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = T. M. Tamilselvan
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 12 May 2021
| term_end = 6 May 2026
| constituency = [[Uthangarai Assembly constituency|Uthangarai]]
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor = [[Manoranjitham Nagaraj]]
| successor = N. Elaiyaraja
| occupation = Politician
| father = Manickam
}}
'''T. M. Tamilselvam''' is an Indian politician.<ref>{{Cite web|title=T.M.Tamilselvam(AIADMK):Constituency- UTHANGARAI (SC)(KRISHNAGIRI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|url=https://myneta.info/TamilNadu2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=140|access-date=2021-05-09|website=myneta.info}}</ref> He is a member of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party. He was elected as a member of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from [[Uthangarai (state assembly constituency)|Uthangarai Constituency]] in May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=T M Tamilselvam {{!}} Tamil Nadu Assembly Election Results Live, Candidates News, Videos, Photos|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/t-m-tamilselvam-uthangarai-(sc)-candidate-s22a051c002/|access-date=2021-05-09|website=News18}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Uthangarai Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Uthangarai Assembly constituency|2021}}}}

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tamilselvam, T M}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

Neyyattinkara Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T10:52:14Z

Rudratree: created a stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Neyyattinkara
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| district = [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
| type = SLA
| state = Kerala
| constituency_no = 140
| electors = 1,86,705 (2021)
| mla = [[N. Sakthan]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alliance = {{legend2|#0087BD |'''[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
}}
'''Neyyattinkara''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] in southern [[India]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Thiruvananthapuram Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://trivandrum.nic.in/constituencies
|website = trivandrum.nic.in
|title = State Assembly Constituencies in Thiruvananthapuram district
|access-date = 16 March 2020
}}</ref> As of the [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026 Assembly elections]], the current MLA is [[N. Sakthan]] of [[Indian National Congress|INC]].

==Local self-governed segments==
Neyyattinkara Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/thiruvananthapuram.html
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Thiruvananthapuram District
|access-date = 14 March 2021
|archive-date = 29 November 2023
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231129052856/https://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/thiruvananthapuram.html
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
!width="30px" |Sl no.
!width="100px" |Name
!width="130px" |Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])
!width="100px" |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]
|-
|1
|[[Neyyattinkara]]
|Municipality
|[[Neyyattinkara (tehsil)|Neyyattinkara]]
|-
|2
|[[Athiyannur, Thiruvananthapuram|Athiyannur]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Neyyattinkara (tehsil)|Neyyattinkara]]
|-
|3
|[[Chenkal]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Neyyattinkara (tehsil)|Neyyattinkara]]
|-
|4
|[[Karode]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Neyyattinkara (tehsil)|Neyyattinkara]]
|-
|5
|[[Kulathoor, Thiruvananthapuram|Kulathoor]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Neyyattinkara (tehsil)|Neyyattinkara]]
|-
|6
|[[Thirupuram]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Neyyattinkara (tehsil)|Neyyattinkara]]
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
The following list contains all members of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] who have represented the constituency:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Neyyattinkara Assembly Election Results 2016, Winning MLA List, Constituency Map|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/kerala/neyyattinkara-assembly-constituency-map.html|access-date=2020-06-04|website=www.mapsofindia.com}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Election
! Name
! colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[Ottasekharamangalam Janardhanan Nair]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1960]]
|P. Narayanan Thampi
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|R. G. Nair
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]
|R. Parameshwaran Pillai
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="2" |R. Sundareshwaran Nair
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
|[[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| rowspan="2" |S. R. Thankaraj
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Thampanoor Ravi]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
|[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|[[V. J. Thankappan]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| rowspan="2" |[[R. Selvaraj (politician)|R. Selvaraj]]
|-
|2012^
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| rowspan="2"|[[K. Ansalan]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
|[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|[[N. Sakthan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the previous election.

===2026===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Neyyattinkara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[N. Sakthan]]
|votes = 58,760
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = CPI(M)
|candidate = [[K. Ansalan]]
|votes = 51,794
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = National Democratic Alliance
|candidate = [[S.Rajasekharan Nair]]
|votes = 21,858
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 720
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = BSP
|candidate = Surendranathan. K
|votes = 327
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bipin S.B
|votes = 157
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Neyyatinkara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=K. Ansalan|votes=65,497|percentage=47.02|change={{decrease}}0.18|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=R. Selvaraj|votes=51,235|percentage=36.78|change={{decrease}}3.34|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Rajasekharan S Nair|votes=21,009|percentage=15.08|change={{increase}}7.55|}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=907|percentage=0.65|change=|}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=14,642|percentage=10.24|change={{increase}}3.16|}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|loser=Indian National Congress|swing=}}{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
There were 1,78,942 registered voters in the constituency for the 2016 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Neyyatinkara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=K. Ansalan|votes=62,113|percentage=47.20|change={{increase}}12.06|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=R. Selvaraj|votes=59,016|percentage=40.12|change={{increase}}6.16|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Punchakiri Surendran|votes=15,531|percentage=11.53|change={{decrease}}11.68|}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=693|percentage=0.51|change=|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Prabhakaran|votes=566|percentage=0.42|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Anilkumar|votes=280|percentage=0.21|change=|}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=9,543|percentage=7.08|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,34,645|percentage=75.25|change={{decrease}}4.48}}

{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|loser=Indian National Congress|swing=}}{{Election box end}}

=== 2012 by-election ===
Due to the resignation of sitting CPI(M) MLA R. Selvaraj, Neyyatinkara Assembly constituency held a by-election on June 6, 2012. There were 1,64,856 registered voters in the constituency for this election. R. Selvaraj, now contesting for INC, won the election by a margin of 6,334 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=PTI|title=By-elections: UDF captures CPI-M seat in Kerala|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/By-elections-UDF-captures-CPI-M-seat-in-Kerala/article20454157.ece|access-date=2020-08-28|website=@businessline|language=en}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title=2012 by election: Neyyatinkara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=R. Selvaraj|votes=52,528|percentage=39.96|change={{decrease}}3.02|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=F. Lawrence|votes=46,194|percentage=35.14|change={{decrease}}13.84|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=O. Rajagopal|votes=30,507|percentage=23.21|change={{increase}}17.18|}}

{{Election box margin of victory||votes=6,334|percentage=4.82|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,34,645|percentage=79.73|change={{increase}}8.97}}

{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|swing=}}{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
There were 1,57,851 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Neyyatinkara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=R. Selvaraj|votes=54,711|percentage=48.98|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Thampanoor Ravi|votes=48,009|percentage=42.98|change=|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Athiyannoor Sreekumar|votes=6,730|percentage=6.03|change=|}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=6,702|percentage=6.00|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,11,698|percentage=70.76|change=}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|swing=}}{{Election box end}}

=== 2006 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Neyyatinkara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=V J Thankappan|votes=50,351|percentage=47.31|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Thampanoor Ravi|votes=49,605|percentage=46.61|change=|}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=746|percentage=0.70|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,06,415|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|loser=Indian National Congress|swing=}}{{Election box end}}

=== 2001 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Neyyatinkara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Thampanoor Ravi|votes=56,305|percentage=50.0|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal (Secular)|candidate=S B Rosechandran|votes=49,830|percentage=44.3|change=|}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=6,475|percentage=5.7|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,12,607|percentage=67.2|change=}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|swing=}}{{Election box end}}

=== 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Neyyatinkara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Thampanoor Ravi|votes=50,924|percentage=49.39|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal|candidate=Charupara Ravi|votes=36,500|percentage=35.39|change=|}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=14,424|percentage=14|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,03,132|percentage=67.48|change=}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|swing=}}{{Election box end}}

=== 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Neyyatinkara}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Thampanoor Ravi|votes=49,106|percentage=47.05|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal|candidate=S R Thankaraj|votes=47,042|percentage=45.15|change=|}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=1,974|percentage=1.90|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,04,187|percentage=72.26|change=}}

{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=Janata Dal|swing=}}{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Neyyattinkara]]
* [[Thiruvananthapuram district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]
[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Thiruvananthapuram district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Neyyattinkara]]

1990–91 Ranji Trophy

2026-05-01T10:55:42Z

Rudratree: new!

{{Use British English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1990-91 Ranji Trophy
| image = Ranji_trophy.jpg
| imagesize = 292px
| fromdate =
| todate =
| caption = The Ranji Trophy, which the winners get.
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]
| tournament format = League and [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]
| host =
| champions = [[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]
| count = 1
| participants = 27
| matches =
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Amarjit Kaypee]] (Haryana) (940)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1990/91 / Records / Most runs |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1990-91/Batting_by_Runs.html|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Chetan Sharma]] (Haryana) (39)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1990/91 / Records / Most wickets |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1990-91/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref>
| website =
| previous_year = 1989–90
| previous_tournament = 1989–90 Ranji Trophy
| next_year = 1991–92
| next_tournament = 1991–92 Ranji Trophy
}}

The '''1990–91 Ranji Trophy''' was the 57th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]] cricket tournament. Haryana defeated Bombay by 2 runs in the closest Ranji final in history.

==Group stage==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}

===North Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
| 5 || 3 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''92''' || 3.460
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]
| 5 || 3 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''87''' || 2.951
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| 5 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''81''' || 3.160
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
| 5 || 1 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''40''' || 2.842
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Services cricket team|Services]]
| 5 || 1 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''36''' || 2.930
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 5 || 0 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''29''' || 2.785
|}

===Central Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''60''' || 2.882
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''50''' || 2.979
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''46''' || 3.037
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''39''' || 2.490
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| 4 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''28''' || 2.999
|}

===East Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| 4 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''79''' || 3.945
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]
| 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''56''' || 2.644
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Assam cricket team|Assam]]
| 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''55''' || 3.265
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]]
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''42''' || 3.013
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Tripura cricket team|Tripura]]
| 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''16''' || 2.562
|}
{{col-2}}

===South Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]
| 5 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''85''' || 3.483
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| 5 || 3 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''77''' || 3.160
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
| 5 || 2 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''58''' || 3.329
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]
| 5 || 2 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''46''' || 3.068
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Goa cricket team|Goa]]
| 5 || 0 || 2 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''29''' || 2.501
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]]
| 5 || 0 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''25''' || 3.053
|}

===West Zone===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:160px"|Team
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|RR|Run Rate}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| 4 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || '''64''' || 3.850
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]
| 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''58''' || 3.824
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''56''' || 3.402
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| 4 || 0 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''37''' || 3.274
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| 4 || 0 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''33''' || 3.297
|}
{{col-end}}

== Knockout stage ==
{{Round16

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 100px

|||||
|2 Feb 1991 — Indore|[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]|377 & 165|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''493 & 50/0'''
|||||
|||||
|||||
|2 Feb 1991 — Pune|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]|311 & 268/2|'''[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]] (F)'''|'''638 & 307/2d'''
|||||
|||||

|16 Apr 1991 — Delhi|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]|389 & 371/4|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]] (F)'''|'''390 & 719/8d'''
|16 Apr 1991 — Ranchi|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]|203|'''[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]] (F)'''|'''298/6'''
|16 Apr 1991 — Calcutta|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] '''(R)'''|652/9|[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]|791/6d
|16 Apr 1991 — Faridabad|'''[[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]] (F)'''|'''339 & 429/9d'''|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]|295 & 221/7

|24 Apr 1991 — Bombay|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]] (F)'''|'''855/6d & 446/4d'''|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]|498 & 36/0
|24 Apr 1991 — Calcutta|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]|440|'''[[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]] (F)'''|'''605 & 274/5'''

|3 May 1991 — Bombay|[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]|410 & 352|'''[[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]'''|'''522 & 242'''

|skipmatch01=yes|skipmatch02=no|skipmatch03=yes|skipmatch04=yes|skipmatch05=yes|skipmatch06=no|skipmatch07=yes|skipmatch08=yes
|RD1 = Pre-Quarter-finals|RD2 = Quarter-finals|RD3 = Semi-finals|RD4 = Finals
|3rdplace=no}}

'''(F)''' - Advanced to next round on First Innings Lead. 
'''(R)''' - Advanced to next round on better Run Rate.

===Semi-finals===
Bombay got off to a poor start after electing to bat on the opening day of the first semi-final. They lost both openers to [[Rajesh Yadav (cricketer)|Rajesh Yadav]] and were reduced to 30/2. Captain [[Sanjay Manjrekar]], joined by [[Dilip Vengsarkar]], added 283 runs for the third wicket. Despite not being in good touch, the latter made 121.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Natarajan |first1=H. |title=Manjrekar, Vengsarkar in good touch |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |page=16 |date=25 April 1991}}</ref> With his relentless batting for a total of five sessions (666 minutes) filled with fine strokeplay, Manjrekar made 377, the second highest individual score in the history of the Ranji trophy. He put on 118 and 268 runs with hard-hitting [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (70) and [[Vinod Kambli]] (126) for the fourth and fifth wickets, taking the team to 807/6 at the end of day two.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Natarajan |first1=H. |title=Manjrekar (377) stars in Bombay run-riot |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=26 April 1991 |page=16}}</ref> However, 48 penalty runs against Hyderabad meant Bombay's score stood at 855/6, then [[List of Ranji Trophy records#Highest innings totals|the second highest innings total in Ranji Trophy history]]. Hyderabad's reply with the bat began with the loss of opener [[Chelluri Jaikumar]] in the first over. [[R. A. Swaroop]] (123) and [[M. V. Sridhar]] then put together 285 runs, breaking Hyderabad's record for the best second-wicket partnership. The new ball before end of day's play brought Bombay the wickets of Swaroop and [[M. V. Ramanamurthy]]. Swaroop playing attacking cricket early in the day hitting eleven [[Boundary (cricket)#Four runs|boundaries]] to reach his half-century.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Natarajan |first1=H. |title=Hyderabad have a tough climb ahead |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=27 April 1991 |page=16}}</ref> From being 255/3 overnight, Hyderabad were dismissed after tea, handing their opponents a 357-run lead. The only notable partnerships were those of Sridhar (184) with [[Vivek Jaisimha]] and [[Venkatapathy Raju]] that yielded respectively 111 and 94 runs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Natarajan |first1=H. |title=Bombay almost through to final |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=28 April 1991 |page=18}}</ref> Virtually through to the final on account of first innings lead and only a day of play left, the Bombay batsmen once again displayed "ruthless... arrogance" in their second innings. Both openers made half-centuries, and Kambli made a century (127 off 114 balls), becoming the fourth Bombay batsman to score a century in both innings of a Ranji Trophy match. Tendulkar batted in similar fashion, making 88 off 66 deliveries, an innings that included five sixes and eight fours. [[Chandrakant Pandit]] also made an unbeaten century. Bombay declared at 446/4 after tea, with their opponents making 36 runs without losing a wicket, before proceedings were halted with ten of the stipulated overs in the last hour uncompleted.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Natarajan |first1=H. |title=Kambli completes second ton |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=29 April 1991 |page=16}}</ref>

In the second semi-final, Bengal's decision to field after winning the [[Toss (cricket)|toss]] on a batting [[Pitch (cricket)|wicket]] at the [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], backfired after Haryana put on 305 on day one. Captain [[Kapil Dev]] arrived when his team were at 186/4, and took his team to end of play without further loss of wickets.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Magazine |first1=Pradeep |title=Kapil wrests back the initiative |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |page=16 |date=25 April 1991}}</ref> Day two saw three of Haryana's batsmen making centuries — Dev (141), Ajay Banerjee (111) and [[Vijay Yadav (cricketer)|Vijay Yadav]] (106) — helping their team go past their highest ever innings total of 583.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Magazine |first1=Pradeep |title=Three tons in Haryana's big total |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=26 April 1991 |page=16}}</ref> In reply to Haryana's total of 605, Bengal began strongly reaching 124 without losing a wicket before Dev picked two wickets in an over, reducing them to 128/2. [[Arun Lal]] reached his 17th Ranji century,<ref name="debut">{{cite news |last1=Magazine |first1=Pradeep |title=Arun Lal cracks 17th Ranji century |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=27 April 1991 |page=16}}</ref> before Dev dismissed him for 136 with a rising delivery that took his edge. [[Sourav Ganguly]]'s controversial dismissal led to stoppage of play for 20 minutes due to crowd trouble.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Magazine |first1=Pradeep |title=Haryana poised to take lead |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=28 April 1991 |page=18}}</ref> Dev claimed Haryana's final two wickets helping his team gain a 165-run first innings lead on the final day. Haryana's second innings saw [[Amarjit Kaypee]] making his fifth century of the season while [[Ajay Jadeja]] made 85. The match ended in a draw with Haryana progressing to their second Ranji final, on first innings lead.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Magazine |first1=Pradeep |title=Haryana through to final |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=29 April 1991 |page=16}}</ref>

{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 24–28 April 1991
| team1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]]
| team2 = [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 855/6[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (176 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Sanjay Manjrekar]] 377 (473)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Rajesh Yadav (cricketer)|Rajesh Yadav]] 3/111 (25 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 498 (160.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[M. V. Sridhar]] 184
| wickets-team2-inns1 = Sanjay Patil 4/71 (42.5 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 446/4d (86.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Vinod Kambli]] 127 (114)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Arshad Ayub]] 2/127 (30 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 36/0 (7 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Chelluri Jaikumar]] 15[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result = Match drawn
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/545554.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Jiban Ghosh (umpire)|Jiban Ghosh]] and [[S. K. Bansal]]
| motm =
| toss = Bombay won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = Yogendra Bhandari (Haryana) made his first-class debut.<ref name="debut"/>
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 24–28 April 1991
| team1 = [[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]
| team2 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 605 (184.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Kapil Dev]] 141
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Joydeep Mukherjee]] 4/100 (32.1 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 440 (191.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Arun Lal]] 136
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Kapil Dev]] 5/85 (40.1 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 274/5 (47 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Amarjit Kaypee]] 102
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Sagarmoy Sensharma]] 4/74 (18 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result = Match drawn
| report = [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1990-91/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/KNOCK-OUTS/BENG_HRYNA_RJI-SEMI2_24-28APR1991.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| umpires = [[B. Jamula]] and T. A. Sreedhar
| motm =
| toss = Bengal won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----

===Final===
{{Test match
| date = 3–7 May 1991
| team1 = [[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]] (H)
| score-team1-inns1 = 522 (162.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Deepak Sharma (cricketer, born 1960)|Deepak Sharma]] 199
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Abey Kuruvilla]] 4/128 (31 overs)
| score-team2-inns1 = 410 (137.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Sanjay Patil]] 85
| wickets-team2-inns1 = Yogendra Bhandari 5/118 (31.3 overs)
| score-team1-inns2 = 242 (87.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = Ajay Banerjee 60
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Salil Ankola]] 3/39 (13.4 overs)
| score-team2-inns2 = 352 (65.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Dilip Vengsarkar]] 139[[not out|*]] (137)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Chetan Sharma]] 2/59 (16.4 overs)
| result = Haryana won by 2 runs
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]]
| umpires = [[A. L. Narasimhan]] and [[R. V. Ramani]]
| motm =
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8050/scorecard/548042/bombay-vs-haryana-final-ranji-trophy-1990-91 Scorecard]
| toss = Haryana won the toss and decided to bat
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Scorecards and averages==
*[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8050/scorecard/548042/bombay-vs-haryana-final-ranji-trophy-1990-91 CricketArchive]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1990-91/IND_LOCAL/RANJI Series home] at [[ESPNcricinfo]]

{{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1990-91 Ranji Trophy}}
[[Category:1990 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1991 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1990–91]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]

Sanjay Dutt filmography

2026-05-01T08:41:33Z

Rudratree:

{{Short description|Indian filmography}}
{{featured list}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
[[File:Sanjay Dutt at Mumbai Airport, 2018 (cropped).jpg|alt=An image of Sanjay Dutt|thumb|Sanjay Dutt at Mumbai Airport]]
[[Sanjay Dutt]] is an Indian actor known for his work in [[Hindi films]] as well as a few [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] films. He made his acting debut in 1981, opposite [[Tina Ambani]], in his father [[Sunil Dutt]]'s romantic action film ''[[Rocky (1981 film)|Rocky]]'' (1981). ''Rocky'' was ranked at tenth [[List of Bollywood films of 1981|highest-grossing Bollywood films of 1981]].<ref name=archive2008011803>{{Cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=187&catName=MTk4MQ==&PHPSESSID=f87e5a978dbf69f7f9fc90ced85b36d0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118030726/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=187&catName=MTk4MQ==&PHPSESSID=f87e5a978dbf69f7f9fc90ced85b36d0|archive-date=18 January 2008 |title=Box Office 1981 |date=18 January 2008 |publisher=Box Office India|access-date=22 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1991, Dutt appeared in [[Lawrence D'Souza]]'s Indian romantic drama film ''[[Saajan]]'' (1991)'','' starring alongside [[Madhuri Dixit]] and [[Salman Khan]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/bollywood-celebs-then-and-now/happy-birthday-madhuri-a-throwback-picture-from-the-sets-of-saajan/photostory/69338393.cms |title=Happy Birthday Madhuri: A throwback picture from the sets of 'Saajan' – Bollywood celebs: Then and now|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905122712/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/bollywood-celebs-then-and-now/happy-birthday-madhuri-a-throwback-picture-from-the-sets-of-saajan/photostory/69338393.cms|archive-date=5 September 2019 |website=The Times of India|access-date=23 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> For his performance, Dutt was nominated for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/sanjay-dutt-on-the-wrong-side-of-the-law/ |title=Sanjay Dutt – On the wrong side of the law |date=16 May 2013 |website=The Indian Express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709064811/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/sanjay-dutt-on-the-wrong-side-of-the-law/|archive-date=9 July 2018|url-status=live|access-date=22 July 2019}}</ref> He was nominated again for the same award for his performance in ''[[Khalnayak]]'' (1993)''.<ref name=":0" />'' Dutt won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor—for portraying a young man who later becomes a gangster in ''[[Vaastav: The Reality]]'' (1999).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct17/entrevs.htm |title=Vaastav (Hindi) |website=Deccan Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000611192133/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct17/entrevs.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=22 July 2019|archive-date=11 June 2000}}</ref> He also received critical acclaim for his performance.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-ten-different-looks-he-donned-onscreen/story-sz0g30DwRzVAzp73xiIXpN.html |title=Sanjay Dutt: Ten different looks he donned onscreen |date=29 July 2015 |website=Hindustan Times|access-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904122601/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-ten-different-looks-he-donned-onscreen/story-sz0g30DwRzVAzp73xiIXpN.html|archive-date=4 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sanju-teaser-sanjay-dutt-biopic-5150181/ |title=Here's everything you need to know about Sanjay Dutt's life |date=28 June 2018 |website=The Indian Express|access-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904122604/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sanju-teaser-sanjay-dutt-biopic-5150181/|archive-date=4 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/birthday-special-memorable-characters-played-by-sanjay-dutt-on-the-big-screen/ |title=Birthday Special: Memorable characters played by Sanjay Dutt on the big screen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912191013/https://www.easterneye.biz/birthday-special-memorable-characters-played-by-sanjay-dutt-on-the-big-screen/ |last=Iqbal |first=Murtuza|archive-date=12 September 2019 |date=29 July 2019 |website=EasternEye|access-date=4 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sify.com/news/actor-sanjay-dutt-turns-53-on-sunday-news-default-mh3cGIcedigsi.html |title=Actor Sanjay Dutt turns 53 on Sunday |website=[[Sify]]|access-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904122601/https://www.sify.com/news/actor-sanjay-dutt-turns-53-on-sunday-news-default-mh3cGIcedigsi.html|archive-date=4 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dutt next appeared in [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]'s crime thriller film ''[[Mission Kashmir]]'' (2000).<ref name=indiatimes61237106>{{Cite news |title=Mission Kashmir Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/mission-kashmir/movieshow/61237106.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912191132/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/mission-kashmir/movieshow/61237106.cms|archive-date=12 September 2019|website=The Times of India|access-date=4 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2003, Dutt appeared in [[Rajkumar Hirani]]'s directorial debut: [[comedy-drama]] film ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]]'' (2003).<ref name=":4" /> He played [[Munna Bhai]], who attends medical school to obtain an [[Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery#India|MBBS]] degree.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/work-on-munnabhai-3-to-begin-next-year-vidhu-vinod-chopra-695772-2016-09-29 |title=Work on Munnabhai 3 to begin next year: Vidhu Vinod Chopra |website=India Today|date=29 September 2016 |access-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722184018/https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/work-on-munnabhai-3-to-begin-next-year-vidhu-vinod-chopra-695772-2016-09-29|archive-date=22 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was successful at the box office, grossing {{INRConvert|230|m|year=2003}} in India and {{INRConvert|360|m|year=2003}} worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=511 |title=Munnabhai M.B.B.S. – Movie |publisher=Box Office India|access-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722183558/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=511|archive-date=22 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Dutt won [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |title=Filmfare Awards Winners From 1953 to 2019 |website=Filmfare|access-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204095338/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners|archive-date=4 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXLFDAAAQBAJ&dq=munna+bhai+m.b.b.s.+award+and+nomination&pg=PA2006-IA1 |title=Bollywood in Posters |last=Ausaja |first=S. M. M. |date=2009 |publisher=Om Books International |page=258 |isbn=978-81-87108-55-9 |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912191358/https://books.google.com/books?id=vXLFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2006-IA1&lpg=PA2006-IA1&dq=munna+bhai+m.b.b.s.+award+and+nomination&hl=en#v=onepage&q=munna%20bhai%20m.b.b.s.%20award%20and%20nomination&f=false|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2006, Dutt starred alongside [[Arshad Warsi]], [[Vidya Balan]], and [[Boman Irani]] in [[Rajkumar Hirani]]'s comedy-drama film ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'' (2006), the sequel to in the sequel to ''Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/11-years-of-lage-raho-munna-bhai-did-you-know-anushka-sharma-was-in-the-film/story-WPwUD6AYQC85f0ZaxgjWrN.html |title=11 years of Lage Raho Munna Bhai: Did you know Anushka Sharma was in the film? |date=1 September 2017 |website=Hindustan Times|access-date=23 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105215635/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/11-years-of-lage-raho-munna-bhai-did-you-know-anushka-sharma-was-in-the-film/story-WPwUD6AYQC85f0ZaxgjWrN.html|archive-date=5 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The film received critical acclaim,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r623sWyGm0sC&dq=Lage+Raho+Munna+Bhai+critical+acclaim&pg=PA23 |title=Bless You Bollywood!: A Tribute to Hindi Cinema on Completing 100 Years |last=Rishi |first=Tilak |date=2012 |publisher=Trafford Publishing |isbn=978-1-4669-3963-9 |page=23 |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912191551/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=r623sWyGm0sC&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=Lage+Raho+Munna+Bhai+critical+acclaim&source=bl&ots=52mGsIfKSP&sig=ACfU3U1J1TSmUCuFzMZFw85Jj_iF_NJj-Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjw8ZD33MvkAhXSoXEKHbxmBmY4FBDoATAGegQICBAB#v=onepage&q=Lage%20Raho%20Munna%20Bhai%20critical%20acclaim&f=false|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/Even-10-Years-After-Its-Release-Lage-Raho-Munna-Bhai-Is-Still-Relevant-In-Todays-Times/ |title=Here's Why Even 10 Years After Its Release, Lage Raho Munna Bhai Is Still Relevant in Today's Times |last=Bhatt |first=Abhijeet |date=27 July 2016 |website=[[ScoopWhoop]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912164104/https://www.scoopwhoop.com/Even-10-Years-After-Its-Release-Lage-Raho-Munna-Bhai-Is-Still-Relevant-In-Todays-Times/|archive-date=12 September 2019|access-date=12 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/lage-raho-munnabhai-stuns-cannes/ |title='Lage Raho Munnabhai' stuns Cannes {{!}} Bollywood News – Bollywood Hungama|date=22 May 2007|website=Bollywood Hungama|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722201107/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/lage-raho-munnabhai-stuns-cannes/|archive-date=22 July 2019|access-date=22 July 2019}}</ref> and Dutt went on to win several awards, including [[Screen Award for Best Actor (Critics)]], and [[Zee Cine Critics Award for Best Actor – Male]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/winners-of-the-zee-cine-awards-2007-news-bollywood-kkfvbfjdbhesi.html |title=Winners of the Zee Cine Awards 2007 |website=[[Sify]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226124946/http://www.sify.com/movies/winners-of-the-zee-cine-awards-2007-news-bollywood-kkfvbfjdbhesi.html|archive-date=26 December 2014|access-date=22 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Apart from acting, Dutt has hosted [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 5)|season 5]] of ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' (2011–2012) alongside [[Salman Khan]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sanjay-Dutt-to-host-Bigg-Boss-5/articleshow/9022405.cms |title=Sanjay Dutt to host Bigg Boss 5! – Times of India |website=The Times of India |language=en|access-date=26 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926123101/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sanjay-Dutt-to-host-Bigg-Boss-5/articleshow/9022405.cms|archive-date=26 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/salman-boosted-confidence-for-hosting-bigg-boss-5-sanjay-dutt/ |title=Salman boosted confidence for hosting 'Bigg Boss 5' : Sanjay Dutt |date=30 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN|access-date=26 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926123147/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/salman-boosted-confidence-for-hosting-bigg-boss-5-sanjay-dutt/|archive-date=26 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Film ==
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ List of Sanjay Dutt film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{ref heading}}
|-
| 1971
! scope="row" align="left" | ''[[Reshma Aur Shera]]''
| Qawwali singer || Child artist
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |author1=Press Trust of India |title=Sanjay Dutt features in qawwali song from Zanjeer after 41 years |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/sanjay-dutt-features-in-qawwali-song-after-41-years-209623-2013-09-01|access-date=23 May 2017 |work=[[India Today]] |date=2 September 2013 |location=Mumbai|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223004942/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sanjay-dutt-features-in-qawwali-song-after-41-years/1/305110.html|archive-date=23 February 2014|url-status=live|author1-link=Press Trust of India}}</ref>
|-
| 1981
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Rocky (1981 film)|Rocky]]''
|Rakesh / Rocky D'Souza "Rocky" ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="trib1">{{cite web |title=I have become a family man: Sanjay Dutt |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/61609/i-have-become-a-family-man-sanjay-dutt/ |work=The Express Tribune|access-date=21 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111133252/http://tribune.com.pk/story/61609/i-have-become-a-family-man-sanjay-dutt/|archive-date=11 January 2014 |date=12 October 2010}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1982
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Johny I Love You]]''
| Raju Singh / Johny ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes61325550">{{Cite news |title=Johny I Love You Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/johny-i-love-you/movieshow/61325550.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905122847/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/johny-i-love-you/movieshow/61325550.cms|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Vidhaata]]''
| {{Sortname|Kunal|Singh|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19821231-film-review-vidhaata-starring-dilip-kumar-shammi-kapoor-sanjeev-kumar-sunjay-dutt-772536-2013-07-26 |title=Film review: Vidhaata, starring Dilip Kumar, Shammi Kapoor, Sanjeev Kumar, Sunjay Dutt |website=India Today|date=26 July 2013 |access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902203248/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19821231-film-review-vidhaata-starring-dilip-kumar-shammi-kapoor-sanjeev-kumar-sunjay-dutt-772536-2013-07-26|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1983
! scope="row" align="left" | ''[[Main Awara Hoon]]''
|{{Sortname|Sanjeev "Sanju"|Kumar|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b73e6fbfc |title=Main Awara Hoon (1983) |website=British Film Institute|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902201716/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b73e6fbfc|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" | ''[[Bekaraar]]''
| Shyam ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6f3523ea |title=Bekaraar (1983) |website=British Film Institute|access-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904103008/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6f3523ea|archive-date=4 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1984
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Zameen Aasmaan (1984 film)|Zameen Aasmaan]]''
| Sanjay ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20170307hindustantimes">{{cite news |last1=Vats |first1=Rohit |title=Is Rekha married to Sanjay Dutt? Her biographer denies rumours |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/is-rekha-married-to-sanjay-dutt-her-biographer-denies-rumours/story-GnhL6ls61GghVH2IjlKWSO.html|access-date=24 May 2017 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=7 March 2017 |location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508142053/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/is-rekha-married-to-sanjay-dutt-her-biographer-denies-rumours/story-GnhL6ls61GghVH2IjlKWSO.html|archive-date=8 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Mera Faisla]]''
| {{Sortname|Raj|Saxena|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes62527208">{{Cite news |title=Mera Faisla Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/mera-faisla/movieshow/62527208.cms|access-date=2 September 2019|website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902203613/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/mera-faisla/movieshow/62527208.cms|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1985
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Do Dilon Ki Dastaan (1985 film)|Do Dilon Ki Dastaan]]''
|{{Sortname|Vijay Kumar|Saxena|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes61285191">{{Cite news |title=Do Dilon Ki Dastaan Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/movie-details/do-dilon-ki-dastaan/movieshow/61285191.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902203647/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/movie-details/do-dilon-ki-dastaan/movieshow/61285191.cms|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Jaan Ki Baazi]]''
|Inspector Amar / Laxman (Dual Role)||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Jaan Ki Baazi |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/jaan-ki-baazi |website=British Board of Film Classification|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905122859/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/jaan-ki-baazi|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1986
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Naam (1986 film)|Naam]]''
|{{Sortname|Vicky|Kapoor|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |last1=Srivastava |first1=Priyanka |title=Darker shade of celluloid: Sanjay Dutt's films have echoed dark patches of his life |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/sanjay-dutt-1993-mumbai-blasts-naam-khalnayak-tada-156740-2013-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905122928/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/sanjay-dutt-1993-mumbai-blasts-naam-khalnayak-tada-156740-2013-03-22|archive-date= 5 September 2019|access-date=25 May 2017 |work=[[India Today]] |date=22 March 2013 |location=New Delhi|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Mera Haque]]''
| {{Sortname|Amar|Singh|nolink=1}} / Amru Dada (Dual Role) ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes61325647">{{Cite news |title=Mera Haque Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/mera-haque/movieshow/61325647.cms|access-date=2 September 2019|website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902203728/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/mera-haque/movieshow/61325647.cms|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Jeeva (1986 film)|Jeeva]]''
| Jeevan Thakur / Daku Jeeva ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/jeeva |title=Jeeva|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912193409/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/jeeva |website=British Board of Film Classification|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 September 2019|access-date=12 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1987
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Imaandaar]]''
| Rajesh "Raju" ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/imaandaar |title=Imaandaar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905123004/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/imaandaar|archive-date=5 September 2019 |website=British Board of Film Classification|access-date=2 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Naam O Nishan]]''
| Inspector Suraj Singh ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Naam O Nishan |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b86870a03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905122958/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b86870a03|archive-date=5 September 2019 |website=British Film Institute|access-date=27 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Inaam Dus Hazaar]]''
| {{Sortname|Kamal|Malhotra|nolink=1}} / {{Sortname|Ashok|Saxena|nolink=1}}||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="firstpost4384553">{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/inaam-dus-hazaar-sanjay-dutt-meenakshi-seshadri-starrer-marked-perfect-marriage-of-hitchcock-bollywood-4384553.html |title=Inaam Dus Hazaar: Sanjay Dutt, Meenakshi Seshadri-starrer marked perfect marriage of Hitchcock, Bollywood |date=10 March 2018 |website=Firstpost|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902202832/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/inaam-dus-hazaar-sanjay-dutt-meenakshi-seshadri-starrer-marked-perfect-marriage-of-hitchcock-bollywood-4384553.html|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Jeete Hain Shaan Se]]''
| Govinda Verma ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.masala.com/words-of-wisdom-from-munna-bhai-mbbs-289757.html |title=Words of Wisdom from Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.! |website=Masala|access-date=12 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912184646/https://www.masala.com/words-of-wisdom-from-munna-bhai-mbbs-289757.html|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1988
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Mardon Wali Baat]]''
| Tinku ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Mardon Wali Baat (1988) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mardon_wali_baat/ |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205154647/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mardon_wali_baat|archive-date=5 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" | ''[[Mohabbat Ke Dushman]]''
| Hashim ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes61333077">{{Cite news |title=Mohabbat Ke Dushman Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/mohabbat-ke-dushman/movieshow/61333077.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905123047/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/mohabbat-ke-dushman/movieshow/61333077.cms|archive-date=5 September 2019|website=The Times of India|access-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Khatron Ke Khiladi (1988 film)|Khatron Ke Khiladi]]''
| Rajesh ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/khatron-ke-khiladi-1988 |title=Khatron Ke Khiladi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905123039/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/khatron-ke-khiladi-1988 |website=British Board of Film Classification|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Kabzaa (1988 film)|Kabzaa]]''
| {{Sortname|Ravi|Varma|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Kabzaa |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/kabzaa-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905123058/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/kabzaa-1|archive-date=5 September 2019 |website=British Board of Film Classification|access-date=27 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1989
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Do Qaidi]]''
| Manu ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes61242940">{{Cite news |title=Do Qaidi Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/do-qaidi/movieshow/61242940.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905123113/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/do-qaidi/movieshow/61242940.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Ilaaka]]''
| Inspector Suraj Verma ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/ilaaka-1989-0 |title=Ilaaka|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905123125/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/ilaaka-1989-0 |website=British Board of Film Classification|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Kanoon Apna Apna]]''
| {{Sortname|Ravi Kumar |Singh|nolink=1}}||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7c79fcfe |title=Kanoon Apna Apna (1989)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905123128/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7c79fcfe|archive-date=5 September 2019 |website=British Film Institute|access-date=2 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Taaqatwar]]''
| {{Sortname|Amar|Sharma|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="rediff20130704">{{cite web |title=Sanjay Dutt's Policegiri roles—Taaqatwar (1989) |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-pix-sanjay-dutts-policegiri-roles/20130704.htm#10 |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=27 May 2017 |date=4 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713212210/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-pix-sanjay-dutts-policegiri-roles/20130704.htm#10|archive-date=13 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Hum Bhi Insaan Hain (1989 film)|Hum Bhi Insaan Hain]]''
| Bhola ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/hum-bhi-insaan-hain-1989-0 |title=Hum Bhi Insaan Hain|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905122659/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/hum-bhi-insaan-hain-1989-0 |website=British Board of Film Classification|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Hathyar (1989 film)|Hathyar]]''
| Avinash ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chintamani |first1=Gautam |title=Hathyar (1989) |url=http://www.abplive.in/blog/hathyar-1989-489580|access-date=27 May 2017 |publisher=[[ABP News]] |date=6 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180607062259/http://www.abplive.in/blog/hathyar-1989-489580|archive-date=7 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1990
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Zahreelay]]''
|{{Sortname|Rakesh "Raka"|Rai|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7ade7871 |title=Zahreelay (1990) |website=British Film Institute|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221054954/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7ade7871|archive-date=21 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Kroadh]]''
| {{Sortname|Vijay "Vijju" V.|Shukla|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="firstpost4842771">{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kroadh-sunny-deol-sanjay-dutts-tale-of-two-brothers-bent-on-revenge-deserves-a-re-examination-4842771.html |title=Kroadh: Sunny Deol-Sanjay Dutt's tale of two brothers bent on revenge deserves a re-examination |date=28 July 2018 |website=Firstpost|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902204650/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kroadh-sunny-deol-sanjay-dutts-tale-of-two-brothers-bent-on-revenge-deserves-a-re-examination-4842771.html|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Thanedaar]]''
| Brijesh Chander "Birju"||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/thanedaar-1990 |title=Thanedaar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902210146/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/thanedaar-1990|archive-date=2 September 2019 |website=British Board of Film Classification|access-date=2 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Tejaa]]''
| Tejaa / Sanjay ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7f5101a7 |title=Tejaa (1990) |website=British Film Institute|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912195050/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7f5101a7|archive-date=12 September 2019|access-date=12 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Khatarnaak]]''
| Suraj "Sunny" ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Khatarnaak (1990) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7ade1f40 |website=British Film Institute|access-date=28 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128040528/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7ade1f40|archive-date=28 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Jeene Do]]''
| Karamveer ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes64780957">{{Cite news |title=Mujhe Jeene Do Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/mujhe-jeene-do/movieshow/64780957.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912194647/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/mujhe-jeene-do/movieshow/64780957.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" |1991
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Yodha (1991 film)|Yodha]]''
| Suraj Singh ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Yodha |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/yodha-1991 |website=British Board of Film Classification|access-date=28 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819124029/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/yodha-1991|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Khoon Ka Karz]]''
| Arjun ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="newindianexpress1598421">{{cite news |title=Vinod Khanna will always be family to us: Sanjay Dutt |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2017/apr/27/vinod-khanna-will-always-be-family-to-us-sanjay-dutt-1598421.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819123954/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2017/apr/27/vinod-khanna-will-always-be-family-to-us-sanjay-dutt-1598421.html|access-date=28 May 2017 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=27 April 2017|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Fateh (1991 film)|Fateh]]''
| Karan ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="SenBasu2013">{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Meheli |last2=Basu |first2=Anustup |title=Figurations in Indian Film |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gadEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174 |year=2013 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-34978-1 |page=174|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912195429/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gadEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174&redir_esc=y|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Do Matwale]]''
| Ajay ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite book |title=Bowker's Complete Video Directory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fKszAQAAIAAJ |year=2000 |publisher=Bowker |isbn=978-0-8352-4308-7 |page=434|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324030603/https://books.google.com/books?id=fKszAQAAIAAJ|archive-date=24 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Qurbani Rang Layegi]]''
| {{Sortname|Raj|Kishen|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes61325486">{{Cite news |title=Qurbani Rang Layegi Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/qurbani-rang-layegi/movieshow/61325486.cms|access-date=2 September 2019|website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902205038/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/qurbani-rang-layegi/movieshow/61325486.cms|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Saajan]]''
|Aman Verma (Poet Sagar) ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Saajan (1991) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7b8aaa44 |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230142159/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7b8aaa44|archive-date=30 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Sadak]]''
| Ravi Kishore Verma ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Thomas2015">{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=Rosie |title=Bombay before Bollywood: Film City Fantasies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WHrmBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA276 |year=2015 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-1-4384-5677-5 |page=276|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912194729/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WHrmBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA276&redir_esc=y|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1992
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Adharm (1992 film)|Adharm]]''
|{{Sortname|Vicky|Verma|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes61331042">{{Cite news |title=Adharm Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/adharm/movieshow/61331042.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825000524/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/adharm/movieshow/61331042.cms|archive-date=25 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Sahebzaade]]''
| Raja ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes61325467">{{Cite news |title=Sahebzaade Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/sahebzaade/movieshow/61325467.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912195549/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/sahebzaade/movieshow/61325467.cms|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Sarphira]]''
| {{Sortname|Suresh|Sinha|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Sarphira |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/film/tzbvn/sarphira|access-date=26 May 2017 |work=[[Radio Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125249/https://www.radiotimes.com/film/tzbvn/sarphira/|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Jeena Marna Tere Sang]]''
| Amar Khurana ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20021113rediff">{{cite web |title=Star of The Week—Raveena Tandon |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/nov/13filmo.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=26 May 2017 |date=13 November 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312082214/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/nov/13filmo.htm|archive-date=12 March 2005|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1993
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Kshatriya (film)|Kshatriya]]''
|Vikram Singh ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Chaudhuri2014">{{cite book |last=Chaudhuri |first=Diptakirti |title=Bollybook: The Big Book of Hindi Movie Trivia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gq-CBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT69 |year=2014 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-93-5118-799-8 |pages=69,105|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912195808/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gq-CBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT69&redir_esc=y|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Sahibaan]]''
| {{Sortname|Kunwar Vijay Pal|Singh|nolink=1}}/ Old Narrator ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Padgaonkar1993">{{cite book |last=Padgaonkar |first=Dileep |title=When Bombay Burned |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V4zaAAAAMAAJ |year=1993 |publisher=UBSPD Publishers' Distributors |isbn=978-81-85944-55-5 |page=283|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912195925/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=V4zaAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Khalnayak]]''
| {{Sortname|Balaram Rakesh|Prasad|nolink=1}} 'Ballu' ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="dnaindia2232809">{{cite news |author1=Asian News International |title='Khalnayak Returns': Sanjay Dutt and Subash Ghai to team up once again! |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-khalnayak-returns-sanjay-dutt-and-subash-ghai-team-up-once-again-2232809|access-date=26 May 2017 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=9 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224002408/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-khalnayak-returns-sanjay-dutt-and-subash-ghai-team-up-once-again-2232809|archive-date=24 February 2017|url-status=live|author1-link=Asian News International}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Gumrah (1993 film)|Gumrah]]''
| {{Sortname|Jagan|Nath|nolink=1}} (Jaggu) ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/gumrah-video |title=Gumrah |website=British Board of Film Classification|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902210157/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/gumrah-video|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1994
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Zamane Se Kya Darna]]''
|{{Sortname|Vikram 'Vicky' V.|Singh|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Ojha2002">{{cite book |last=Ojha |first=Rajendra |title=Filmography, 1994–2000: A Complete Filmography of All Hindi Films Released Between 1994 and 2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLEaAQAAIAAJ |year=2002 |publisher=Screen World Publication |location=Mumbai |page=20 |oclc=137239719|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912200219/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iLEaAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Insaaf Apne Lahoo Se]]''
| Raju ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/insaaf-apne-lahoo-se-1994 |title=Insaaf Apne Lahoo Se |website=British Board of Film Classification|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902210124/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/insaaf-apne-lahoo-se-1994|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Aatish: Feel the Fire]]''
| Baba ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Aatish |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/circuit_collection.php?movieid=3108&cityid=17&area=overseas |publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912200546/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/circuit_collection.php?movieid=3108&cityid=17&area=overseas|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Amaanat (1994 film)|Amaanat]]''
| Vijay ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Amaanat |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie-story.php?movieid=3072 |publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912200447/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie-story.php?movieid=3072|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1995
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Andolan (1995 film)|Andolan]]''
|{{Sortname|Adarsh|Pradhan|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/andolan-1995-0 |title=Andolan |website=British Board of Film Classification|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902210253/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/andolan-1995-0|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Jai Vikraanta]]''
| {{Sortname|Vikraanta A.|Singh|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/ds7dxd/jai-vikraanta--jai-vikraanta/ |title=Jai Vikraanta – 19/10/2015 |website=Radio Times|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902205628/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/ds7dxd/jai-vikraanta--jai-vikraanta/|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1996
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Vijeta (1996 film)|Vijeta]]''
| Ashok ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Vijeta (1996) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7e6163b8 |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125403/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7e6163b8|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Namak (film)|Namak]]''
| Gopal ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7d998a39 |title=Namak (1996) |website=British Film Institute|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902210124/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7d998a39|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1997
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Sanam (1997 film)|Sanam]]''
| {{Sortname|Narendra|Anand|nolink=1}} (Hero) ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Sanam |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/weekly-movies.php?movieid=2686&type_key=week_ten |publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912201025/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/weekly-movies.php?movieid=2686&type_key=week_ten|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Mahaanta]]''
|Sanjay Malhotra (Sanju) ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7f29eb2e |title=Mahaanta (1997) |website=British Film Institute|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902210127/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7f29eb2e|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Daud (film)|Daud]]''
| Nandu ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Daud (1997) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8053b8cf |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230205231/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8053b8cf|archive-date=30 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 1998
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Dushman (1998 film)|Dushman]]''
|{{Sortname|Suraj Singh|Rathod|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/19-years-of-dushman-eight-lesser-known-facts-about-the-kajol-ashutosh-rana-starrer/story-j9DL6kUBmqXA8DyELsbeRM.html |title=19 years of Dushman: Eight lesser known facts about the Kajol-Ashutosh Rana starrer |date=29 May 2017 |website=Hindustan Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231171535/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/19-years-of-dushman-eight-lesser-known-facts-about-the-kajol-ashutosh-rana-starrer/story-j9DL6kUBmqXA8DyELsbeRM.html|archive-date=31 December 2017|access-date=12 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1999
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Daag: The Fire]]''
|{{Sortname|Karan|Singh|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Daag: The Fire |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=2453 |publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125455/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=2453|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Kartoos]]''
| Raja/{{Sortname|Jeet|Balraj|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="19990507rediff">{{cite web |last1=Taliculam |first1=Sharmila |title=The Last Hurrah |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/may/07kar.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=26 May 2017 |date=7 May 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005144230/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/may/07kar.htm|archive-date=5 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Safari (1999 film)|Safari]]''
| {{Sortname|Kishan 'Captain' Jatin|Khanna|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b80545b99 |title=Safari (1999) |website=British Film Institute|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221063106/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b80545b99|archive-date=21 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Haseena Maan Jaayegi]]''
| Sonu ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Haseena Maan Jayegi (1999) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b806c853b |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905123252/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b806c853b|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Vaastav: The Reality]]''
| {{Sortname|Raghunath Namdev|Shivalkar|nolink=1}} (Raghu Bhai) ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Sanjay Dutt's Rocky road to stardom |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Sanjay-Dutt-s-Rocky-road-to-stardom-imagegallery-4-Bollywood-jh2twRgafah.html|access-date=24 May 2017 |website=[[Sify]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905123230/https://www.sify.com/movies/Sanjay-Dutt-s-Rocky-road-to-stardom-imagegallery-4-Bollywood-jh2twRgafah.html|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Khoobsurat (1999 film)|Khoobsurat]]''
| Sanjay Shastri (Sanju)||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="19991125rediff">{{cite web |last1=Suggu |first1=Kanchana |title=Pretty Trite |url=http://m.rediff.com/movies/1999/nov/25khoob.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=26 May 2017 |date=25 November 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819124141/http://m.rediff.com/movies/1999/nov/25khoob.htm|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2000
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Khauff]]''
| Anthony/Vicky/Babu ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="19991220rediff">{{cite web |first=Kanchana |last=Suggu |title=Sanjay Gupta clarifies his stand |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1999/dec/20gupta.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |date=20 December 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041018164055/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1999/dec/20gupta.htm|archive-date=18 October 2004|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Baaghi (2000 film)|Baaghi]]''
| Raja ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20000408rediff">{{cite web |last1=Shariff |first1=Faisal |title=Nothing to shout about |url=http://rediff.com/movies/2000/apr/08baag.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |date=8 April 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402163310/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/apr/08baag.htm|archive-date=2 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Chal Mere Bhai]]''
| {{Sortname|Vicky|Oberoi|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Chal Mere Bhai |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=723 |publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=23 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705001719/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=723|archive-date=5 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Jung (2000 film)|Jung]]''
| Balli ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20000512rediff">{{cite web |last1=Verma |first1=Sukanya |title=An absolute fiasco! |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/may/12jung.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |date=12 May 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506081317/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2000/may/12jung.htm|archive-date=6 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Mission Kashmir]]''
| {{Sortname|[[Senior Superintendent of Police|S.S.P]] Inayat|Khan|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Mission Kashmir (2000) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b832a8f9f |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905123159/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b832a8f9f|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Kurukshetra (2000 film)|Kurukshetra]]''
| {{Sortname|[[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]] Prithviraj|Singh|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Kurukshetra (2000) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b854a38a4 |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905123156/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b854a38a4|archive-date= 5 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2001
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Jodi No.1 (film)|Jodi No.1]]''
| Jai ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Jodi No.1 (2001) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b84830a50 |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905123148/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b84830a50|archive-date=5 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2002
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Pitaah]]''
| Rudra ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20020104rediff">{{cite web |last1=Pant |first1=Seema |title=Movies: Where's the heart in Pitaah? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jan/04pitaah.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |date=4 January 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514092240/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jan/04pitaah.htm|archive-date=14 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Hum Kisise Kum Nahin (2002 film)|Hum Kisise Kum Nahin]]''
| Munna Bhai ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Hum Kisise Kum Nahin (2002) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8aacbf1b |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220214831/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8aacbf1b|archive-date=20 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Hathyar (2002 film)|Hathyar]]''
| {{Sortname|Rohit Raghunath|Shivalkar|nolink=1}}/ {{Sortname|Raghunath Namdev|Shivalkar|nolink=1}}(Dual role) ||Sequel to ''[[Vaastav: The Reality]]''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gajjar |first1=Manish |title=Hathyar |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/2002/11/hathyar.shtml |publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=26 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216044550/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/2002/11/hathyar.shtml|archive-date=16 December 2004|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Annarth]]''
| Iqbal Danger ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20020521rediff">{{cite web |last1=Hegde |first1=Gautam |title=Sanjay Dutt dons a new avatar |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/21anarth.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |date=21 May 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031102155010/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/21anarth.htm|archive-date=2 November 2003|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" | ''[[Kaante]]''
| Jay 'Ajju' Rehan||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="variety1200544245">{{cite news |last1=Elley |first1=Derek |title=Review: 'Kaante' |url=https://variety.com/2002/film/reviews/kaante-1200544245/|access-date=24 May 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=22 December 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512080834/http://variety.com/2002/film/reviews/kaante-1200544245/|archive-date=12 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2003
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Ek Aur Ek Gyarah]]''
| Sitara ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Ek Aur Ek Gyarah (2003) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b89915a77 |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125540/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b89915a77|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[LOC Kargil]]''
| [[Yogesh Kumar Joshi|Y.K. Joshi]]||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Loc Kargil (2003) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8878b620 |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125555/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8878b620|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]]''
| {{Sortname|Murli Prasad|Sharma|nolink=1}} ([[Munna Bhai]]) ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="MBBS" />
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2004
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Plan (film)|Plan]]''
| Mussabhai ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Plan (2004) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8a57c09e |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125559/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8a57c09e|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Rudraksh (film)|Rudraksh]]''
| Varun Deshmukh ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Rudraksh (2004) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8be637e8 |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231165832/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8be637e8|archive-date=31 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Deewaar (2004 film)|Deewaar]]''
| Khan ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Deewar (2004) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8a7a29d4 |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231143012/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8a7a29d4|archive-date=31 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Musafir (2004 film)|Musafir]]''
| Billa ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Musafir (2004) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8b8d0e7b |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125614/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8b8d0e7b|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2005
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Shabd (film)|Shabd]]''
|{{Sortname|Shaukat|Vashisht|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabd (2005) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8aeb36b0 |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125630/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8aeb36b0|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Tango Charlie]]''
| {{Sortname|Vikram|Rathore|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Tango Charlie (2005) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8d119b36 |website=British Film Institute|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125634/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8d119b36|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]''
| {{Sortname|Girish|Sharma|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Chaudhuri2014" />
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Dus]]''
| {{Sortname|Siddanth|Dheer|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20051101rottentomatoes">{{cite web |title=Dus (2005) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dus/ |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |date=1 November 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201223928/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dus|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Viruddh... Family Comes First]]''
| {{Sortname|Ali|Asgar|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20051011rottentomatoes">{{cite web |title=Viruddh (2005) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/viruddh/ |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |date=11 October 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129073612/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/viruddh|archive-date=29 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Ek Ajnabee]]''
| {{Sortname|Hip-Hop|MC|nolink=1}} || Special appearance
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Shaadi No. 1]]''
| {{Sortname|Lakhwinder 'Lucky' Singh|Lakha|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20051213rottentomatoes">{{cite web |title=Shaadi No. 1 (2005) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/shaadi-no-1/ |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |date=13 December 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702122549/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/shaadi-no-1/|archive-date=2 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Vaah! Life Ho Toh Aisi!]]''
| Yamaraj M. A / Himself (Dual role) ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="rediff20051223">{{cite web |last1=Mitra |first1=Indrani Roy |title=Vaah! Copy ho to aisi! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/vaah/20051223.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |date=23 December 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125649/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/vaah/20051223.htm|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2006
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Tathastu]]''
|{{Sortname|Ravi|Rajput|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20060507bbc">{{cite web |last1=Joshi |first1=Poonam |title=BBC Movie Review: Tathastu (2006) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2006/05/15/tathastu_2006_review.shtml |publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |date=7 May 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224125550/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2006/05/15/tathastu_2006_review.shtml|archive-date=24 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Zinda (film)|Zinda]]''
| {{Sortname|Balajit 'Bala'|Roy|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="variety1200518750">{{cite news |last1=Elley |first1=Derek |title=Zinda |url=https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/zinda-1200518750/|access-date=26 May 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=5 February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117175101/http://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/zinda-1200518750/|archive-date=17 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Anthony Kaun Hai]]''
| Master Madan ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Anthony Kaun Hai? |url=http://www.portlandmercury.com/movies/48073/anthony-kaun-hai|access-date=24 May 2017 |work=[[The Portland Mercury]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125657/https://www.portlandmercury.com/movies/48073/anthony-kaun-hai|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]''
| {{Sortname|Murli Prasad|Sharma|nolink=1}} ([[Munna Bhai]]) ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="MBBS">{{cite web |author1=Press Trust of India |title=Arshad Warsi: Had no work for eight months after Munna Bhai MBBS |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/arshad-warsi-had-no-work-for-eight-months-after-munna-bhai-mbbs-615100 |publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |location=Mumbai |date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623171251/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/arshad-warsi-had-no-work-for-eight-months-after-munna-bhai-mbbs-615100|archive-date=23 June 2017|url-status=live|author1-link=Press Trust of India}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" | ''[[Sarhad Paar]]''
| {{Sortname|Ranjeet|Singh|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Sarhad Paar |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/weekly-movies.php?movieid=1444&type_key=week_3 |publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912203513/https://boxofficeindia.com/weekly-movies.php?movieid=1444&type_key=week_3|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2007
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Eklavya: The Royal Guard]]''
|{{Sortname|Pannalal|Chohar|nolink=1}}||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20070216thehimalayantimes">{{cite news |last1=Pokharel |first1=Rabindra |title=THT Talkies: Saif steals Eklavya's thunder |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/entertainment/tht-talkies-saif-steals-eklavyaaes-thunder/|access-date=24 May 2017 |work=[[The Himalayan Times]] |date=16 February 2007 |location=Kathmandu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125715/https://thehimalayantimes.com/entertainment/tht-talkies-saif-steals-eklavyaaes-thunder/|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Nehlle Pe Dehlla]]''
| Johnny ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gajjar |first1=Manish |title=Nehle Pe Dehla |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2005/07/nehle_pe_dehla_preview.shtml |publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427060814/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2005/07/nehle_pe_dehla_preview.shtml|archive-date=27 April 2006|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Shootout at Lokhandwala]]''
| [[Aftab Ahmed Khan|ACP Shamsher Khan]] ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20070523rediff">{{cite web |last1=Ashraf |first1=Syed Firdaus |title=Meet the man behind the Lokhandwala shootout |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/22khan.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |date=23 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702001745/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/22khan.htm|archive-date=2 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" | ''[[Dhamaal]]''
| {{Sortname|Kabir|Nayak|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20071207rottentomatoes">{{cite web |title=Dhamaal (2007) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dhamaal/ |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |date=7 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205120104/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dhamaal|archive-date=5 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Dus Kahaniyan]]''
| {{Sortname|Baba|Hyderabadi|nolink=1}}|| Anthology film; segment: ''Rise & Fall''
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20080304rottentomatoes">{{cite web |title=Dus Kahaniyaan (2007) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dus_kahaniyaan/ |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=24 May 2017 |date=4 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127025415/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dus_kahaniyaan|archive-date=27 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2008
! scope="row" align="left" | ''[[Mehbooba (2008 film)|Mehbooba]]''
| {{Sortname|Shravan 'S.D.'|Dhariwal|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20080718bbc">{{cite web |last1=Gajjar |first1=Manish |title=Bollywood reviews: Mehbooba |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/content/articles/2008/07/18/bollywood_reviews_mehbooba_feature.shtml |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=26 May 2017 |date=18 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213072056/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/content/articles/2008/07/18/bollywood_reviews_mehbooba_feature.shtml |archive-date=13 February 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Kidnap (2008 film)|Kidnap]]''
| {{Sortname|Vikrant|Raina|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="dnaindia1194340">{{cite news |author1=Indo-Asian News Service |title=Imran turns a baddie in 'Kidnap' |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-imran-turns-a-baddie-in-kidnap-1194340|access-date=24 May 2017 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=30 September 2008 |location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724013232/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-imran-turns-a-baddie-in-kidnap-1194340|archive-date=24 July 2017|url-status=live|author1-link=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" | ''[[EMI (film)|EMI]]''
| Sattarbhai ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indianexpress381777">{{cite news |title=Sanjay Dutt to do 'Gandhigiri' in EMI |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sanjay-dutt-to-to-do-gandhigiri-in-emi/381777/|access-date=24 May 2017 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=5 November 2008 |location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125742/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sanjay-dutt-to-to-do-gandhigiri-in-emi/381777/|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2009
! scope="row" align="left" | ''[[Luck (2009 film)|Luck]]''
| {{Sortname|Karim|Musa|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20090801openthemagazine">{{cite news |last1=Duara |first1=Ajit |title=Luck |url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/cinema/luck |access-date=24 May 2017 |work=[[Open (Indian magazine)|OPEN]] |date=1 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229095708/http://openthemagazine.com/article/cinema/luck |archive-date=29 December 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Blue (2009 film)|Blue]]''
| {{Sortname|Sagar 'Sethji'|Singh|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20091016livemint">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Sanjukta |title=Film Review {{!}} Blue|url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/FpIYcSXHj6RCoGHUiPfmOM/Film-Review--Blue.html|access-date=25 May 2017|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|date=16 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912204017/http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/FpIYcSXHj6RCoGHUiPfmOM/Film-Review--Blue.html|archive-date= 12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[All The Best: Fun Begins]]''
| {{Sortname|Dharam|Kapoor|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20091018nytimes">{{cite news |last1=Saltz |first1=Rachel |title=Where Comedy and Complexity Meet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/19/movies/19all.html|access-date=23 May 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=18 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912204104/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/19/movies/19all.html?mtrref=en.wikipedia.org&gwh=D9AE66734785DCD7D2A044083F42893A&gwt=pay&assetType=REGIWALL|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Aladin (film)|Aladin]]''
| The Ring Master||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20091028rediff">{{cite web |title=These Bollywood men are tricky! |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/oct/28/slide-show-1-bollywoods-magicians.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=23 May 2017 |date=28 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916124835/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/oct/28/slide-show-1-bollywoods-magicians.htm|archive-date=16 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2010
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Lamhaa]]''
|{{Sortname|Vikram|Sabharwal|nolink=1}} / {{Sortname|Gul|Jahangir|nolink=1}}||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20100716rediff">{{cite web |last1=Verma |first1=Sukanya |title=Lamhaa: One of the Best Kashmir films so far |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jul/16/lamhaa-review.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=25 May 2017 |location=Mumbai |date=16 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626231936/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jul/16/lamhaa-review.htm|archive-date=26 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Knock Out (2010 film)|Knock Out]]''
| {{Sortname|Veer Vijay|Singh|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="rediff20101015">{{cite web |last1=N |first1=Patcy |title=Review: Knocked Out of its wits! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-of-knock-out/20101015.htm|access-date=23 May 2017 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=15 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802105756/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-of-knock-out/20101015.htm|archive-date=2 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]''
| Narrator ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20101015mid-day">{{cite news |last1=KBR |first1=Upala |title=Sanjay Dutt in Farah's Tees Maar Khan |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/sanjay-dutt-in-farahs-tees-maar-khan/98434|access-date=23 May 2017 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=15 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913105752/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sanjay-dutt-in-farahs-tees-maar-khan/98434|archive-date=13 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[No Problem (2010 film)|No Problem]]''
| {{Sortname|Yash|Ambani|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="bhaskar1637102">{{cite news |last1=Risbood |first1=Vaibhavi |title=Movie Review: No Problem |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/movie-review-no-problem-1637102.html|access-date=23 May 2017 |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |date=21 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913105750/https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/movie-review-no-problem-1637102.html|archive-date=13 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Toonpur Ka Super Hero]]''
| Narrator ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="rediff20101224">{{cite web |last1=Verma |first1=Sukanya |title=Ajay Devgn gets it right, toons don't in Toonpur |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/toonpur-ka-superhero-movie-review1/20101224.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=23 May 2017 |date=24 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130163851/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/toonpur-ka-superhero-movie-review1/20101224.htm|archive-date=30 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2011
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Double Dhamaal]]''
| {{Sortname|Kabir|Nayak|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="telegraphindia14156933">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Pratim D. |title=Acting a ham & comedy a sham |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1110625/jsp/entertainment/story_14156933.jsp |access-date=23 May 2017 |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |date=25 June 2011 |location=Kolkata |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729085012/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110625/jsp/entertainment/story_14156933.jsp |archive-date=29 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Chatur Singh Two Star]]''
| {{Sortname|Chatur|Singh|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="tribuneindia20110819">{{cite news |title=New releases: Chatur Singh Two Star |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110819/ttlife1.htm|access-date=23 May 2017 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=19 August 2011 |location=Chandigarh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913105346/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110819/ttlife1.htm|archive-date=13 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Rascals (2011 film)|Rascals]]''
| {{Sortname|Chetan|Chauhan|nolink=1}}||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20110910hindustantimes">{{cite news |last1=Marwah |first1=Navdeep Kaur |title=Rascals' a dig at Chetan Bhagat? |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rascals-a-dig-at-chetan-bhagat/story-kVT0eQjbV00K0MavCo62hM.html|access-date=23 May 2017 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=10 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111204545/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rascals-a-dig-at-chetan-bhagat/story-kVT0eQjbV00K0MavCo62hM.html|archive-date=11 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="20110924hindustantimes">{{cite news |title=Sanjay Dutt's Rascals in legal trouble |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-s-rascals-in-legal-trouble/story-IVwPqcolEWtS1QWl4PmdZJ.html|access-date=25 May 2017 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=24 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125846/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-s-rascals-in-legal-trouble/story-IVwPqcolEWtS1QWl4PmdZJ.html|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]]''
|Kancha Cheena||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="news18438427">{{cite web |title=Agneepath: Sanjay Dutt revives Bollywood's villain |url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/agneepath-sanjay-dutt-revives-bollywoods-villain-438427.html |publisher=[[News18]]|access-date=23 May 2017 |date=18 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125919/https://www.news18.com/news/india/agneepath-sanjay-dutt-revives-bollywoods-villain-438427.html|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Department (film)|Department]]''
| {{Sortname|Mahadev|Bhonsle|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="thehindu3368439">{{cite news |last1=Udasi |first1=Harshikaa |title=Dutt's down-to-earth |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/dutts-downtoearth/article3368439.ece|access-date=23 May 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=30 April 2012 |location=Hyderabad|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819125938/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/dutts-downtoearth/article3368439.ece|archive-date=19 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Son of Sardaar]]''
| Balwinder Singh Sandhu ″Billu″ ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20121116livemint">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Sanjukta |title=Film Review {{!}} Son of Sardaar|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/3GAjK73v3Bb4fNRLRKcuXK/Film-Review--Son-of-Sardar.html|access-date=23 May 2017|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|date=16 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212163532/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/3GAjK73v3Bb4fNRLRKcuXK/Film-Review--Son-of-Sardar.html|archive-date=12 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2013
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Zila Ghaziabad]]''
| Thakur Pritam Singh ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="news18594754">{{cite web |title=Zila Ghaziabad: Sanjay Dutt to again play Pritam Singh |url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/zila-ghaziabad-sanjay-dutt-to-again-play-pritam-singh-594754.html |publisher=[[News18]]|access-date=23 May 2017 |date=6 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913105339/https://www.news18.com/news/india/zila-ghaziabad-sanjay-dutt-to-again-play-pritam-singh-594754.html|archive-date=13 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Policegiri]]''
| {{Sortname|[[Deputy Commissioner of Police|DCP]] Rudra 'Baba' Aditya|Devaraj|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes20911618">{{cite news |last1=Laxmi |first1=V |title=Sanjay Dutt: It's action all the way from Ravikumar |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Its-action-all-the-way-from-Ravikumar/articleshow/20911618.cms|access-date=23 May 2017 |work=The Times of India |date=21 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913105333/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Its-action-all-the-way-from-Ravikumar/articleshow/20911618.cms|archive-date=13 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Zanjeer (2013 film)|Zanjeer]]''
| {{Sortname|Sher|Khan|nolink=1}} ||Simultaneously shot in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="ndtv631173">{{cite web |author1=Indo-Asian News Service |title=Sanjay Dutt's role as Sher Khan in Zanjeer extended |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/sanjay-dutts-role-as-sher-khan-in-zanjeer-extended-631173 |publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=23 May 2017 |date=17 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920021237/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/sanjay-dutts-role-as-sher-khan-in-zanjeer-extended-631173|archive-date=20 September 2015|url-status=live|author1-link=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Ungli]]''
|{{Sortname|[[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]] Ashok|Kale|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="firstpost1825393">{{cite news |title=Ungli review: Stupid dialogues, silly plot make Emraan Hashmi's film a bore |first=Deepanjana |last=Pal |date=1 December 2014 |url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/ungli-review-stupid-dialogues-silly-plot-make-emraan-hashmis-film-a-bore-1825393.html |work=[[Firstpost]]|access-date=23 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913104958/https://www.firstpost.com/business/ungli-review-stupid-dialogues-silly-plot-make-emraan-hashmis-film-a-bore-1825393.html|archive-date=13 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[PK (film)|PK]]''
| {{Sortname|Bhairon|Singh|nolink=1}} ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiawest6605652">{{cite news |url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/how-sanjay-dutt-became-bhairon-singh-for-pk-behind-the/article_6605652e-80b8-11e4-9350-ab06c7689c2c.html |title=How Sanjay Dutt Became Bhairon Singh For 'PK': Behind the Scenes Video |date=10 December 2014 |work=India-West|access-date=23 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211131129/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/how-sanjay-dutt-became-bhairon-singh-for-pk-behind-the/article_6605652e-80b8-11e4-9350-ab06c7689c2c.html|archive-date=11 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Bhoomi (2017 film)|Bhoomi]]''
| Arun Sachdeva ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indianexpress4628055">{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bhoomi-sanjay-dutt-gets-emotional-on-the-sets-of-his-comeback-film-see-pics-4628055/ |title=Bhoomi: Sanjay Dutt gets emotional on the sets of his comeback film |date=25 April 2017 |work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=23 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531101518/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bhoomi-sanjay-dutt-gets-emotional-on-the-sets-of-his-comeback-film-see-pics-4628055/|archive-date=31 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
! align="left" scope="row" |''[[Sanju]]''
|Himself
|Special appearance in the song “Baba Bolta Hai Bas Ho Gaya”
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{cite news |last=Goyal |first=Divya |title=Sanju: Sanjay Dutt's Role In Ranbir Kapoor's Film Revealed. Details Here |newspaper=NDTV |date=27 June 2018 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sanju-sanjay-dutts-role-in-ranbir-kapoors-film-revealed-details-here-1870287|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
! align="left" scope="row" |''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster 3]]''
| Uday Pratap Singh ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="ndtv1757650">{{Cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sanjay-dutts-saheb-biwi-aur-gangster-3-shoot-is-so-much-fun-with-shahraan-and-iqra-1757650 |title=Sanjay Dutt's Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster 3 Shoot Is So Much Fun With Shahraan And Iqra |publisher=NDTV |access-date=4 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004030303/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sanjay-dutts-saheb-biwi-aur-gangster-3-shoot-is-so-much-fun-with-shahraan-and-iqra-1757650 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Kalank]]''
| Balraj Chaudhry ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="timesnownews350617">{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/its-a-wrap-alia-bhatt-announces-last-day-of-kalank-shoot-with-director-abhishek-varman-and-aditya-roy-kapur/350617 |title=It's a wrap! Alia Bhatt announces last day of Kalank shoot with director Abhishek Varman and Aditya Roy Kapur {{!}} Bollywood News|website=Times Now|date=20 January 2019 |access-date=14 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215050338/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/its-a-wrap-alia-bhatt-announces-last-day-of-kalank-shoot-with-director-abhishek-varman-and-aditya-roy-kapur/350617|archive-date=15 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Prassthanam]]''
| Baldev Pratap Singh
| Also producer
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/prasthanam-s-teaser-sanjay-dutt-s-birthday-gift-to-fans-has-him-leading-the-charge-in-epic-political-drama-watch/story-efMjX7dPP5lu1DCeGynkAI.html |title=Prasthanam teaser: Sanjay Dutt's birthday gift to fans has him leading the charge in epic political drama, watch |date=29 July 2019 |website=Hindustan Times|access-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904141408/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/prasthanam-s-teaser-sanjay-dutt-s-birthday-gift-to-fans-has-him-leading-the-charge-in-epic-political-drama-watch/story-efMjX7dPP5lu1DCeGynkAI.html|archive-date=4 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="20180514bollywoodhungama">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-ali-fazal-play-son-sanjay-dutt-prasthanam-remake-details/ |title=Revealed: Ali Fazal to play son of Sanjay Dutt in Prasthanam remake and here are the details | Bollywood News – Bollywood Hungama |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=14 May 2018|access-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020180329/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-ali-fazal-play-son-sanjay-dutt-prasthanam-remake-details/|archive-date=20 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gulfnews.com/going-out/movie-reviews/prassthanam-review-sanjay-dutt-stumbles-in-this-game-of-thrones-1.66515452 |title='Prassthanam' review: Sanjay Dutt stumbles in this game of thrones |website=Gulf News |date=19 September 2019 |access-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924195417/https://gulfnews.com/going-out/movie-reviews/prassthanam-review-sanjay-dutt-stumbles-in-this-game-of-thrones-1.66515452|archive-date=24 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Panipat (film)|Panipat]]''
| [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Shah Abdali]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="20180314hindustantimes">{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/panipat-first-poster-arjun-kapoor-sanjay-dutt-to-work-with-ashutosh-gowarikar/story-NtGdPlbTXhXbkK2Da42BhP.html |title='Panipat': Arjun Kapoor, Sanjay Dutt to work with Ashutosh Gowarikar. |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=14 March 2018|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315024541/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/panipat-first-poster-arjun-kapoor-sanjay-dutt-to-work-with-ashutosh-gowarikar/story-NtGdPlbTXhXbkK2Da42BhP.html|archive-date=15 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/arjun-kapoor-opens-up-about-ambitious-war-drama-panipat/ |title=Arjun Kapoor opens up about ambitious war-drama Panipat |last=Singh |first=Mohnish |date=2 September 2019 |website=EasternEye|access-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913105133/https://www.easterneye.biz/arjun-kapoor-opens-up-about-ambitious-war-drama-panipat/|archive-date=13 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Sadak 2]]''
| Ravi Kishore Verma
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes70091803">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sadak-2-sanjay-dutt-and-alia-bhatt-to-jet-off-to-kashmir-for-their-next-shooting-schedule/articleshow/70091803.cms |title='Sadak 2': Sanjay Dutt and Alia Bhatt to jet off to Kashmir for their next shooting schedule |website=The Times of India|access-date=23 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913104946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sadak-2-sanjay-dutt-and-alia-bhatt-to-jet-off-to-kashmir-for-their-next-shooting-schedule/articleshow/70091803.cms|archive-date=13 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/aditya-roy-kapur-starts-sadak-2-shoot-mysore-alia-bhatt-join-after-wrapping-inshallah-song-469082 |title=Aditya Roy Kapur starts Sadak 2 shoot in Mysore |website=Pinkvilla |date=21 August 2019|access-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904140929/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/aditya-roy-kapur-starts-sadak-2-shoot-mysore-alia-bhatt-join-after-wrapping-inshallah-song-469082|archive-date=4 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Torbaaz]]''
| Naseer Ahmad
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes62193221">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/movies-to-look-forward-to/Pic-Nargis-Fakhri-and-Sanjay-Dutt-shoot-in-Kyrgyzstan-for-Torbaaz/photostory/62193221.cms |title=Nargis Fakhri and Sanjay Dutt shoot in Kyrgyzstan for 'Torbaaz' |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 December 2017|access-date=26 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224173922/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/movies-to-look-forward-to/pic-nargis-fakhri-and-sanjay-dutt-shoot-in-kyrgyzstan-for-torbaaz/photostory/62193221.cms|archive-date=24 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sanjay-dutt-and-nargis-fakhris-delayed-drama-torbaaz-reaches-finish-line/20404183 |title=Sanjay Dutt and Nargis Fakhri's delayed drama Torbaaz reaches finish line |date=14 February 2019 |website=mid-day|access-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904140925/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/sanjay-dutt-and-nargis-fakhris-delayed-drama-torbaaz-reaches-finish-line/20404183|archive-date=4 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Bhuj: The Pride of India]]''
| [[Ranchordas Pagi]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="firstpost6875441">{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bhuj-the-pride-of-india-goes-on-floors-in-hyderabad-sanjay-dutt-starts-shooting-for-war-drama-6875441.html |title=Bhuj: The Pride of India goes on floors in Hyderabad; Sanjay Dutt starts shooting for war drama |work=Firstpost |date=25 June 2019|access-date=25 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913104805/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bhuj-the-pride-of-india-goes-on-floors-in-hyderabad-sanjay-dutt-starts-shooting-for-war-drama-6875441.html|archive-date=13 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Toolsidas Junior]]''
| Mohammad Salaam
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-19 |title=Toolsidas Junior trailer: Sanjay Dutt turns snooker coach in Rajiv Kapoor's final film. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/toolsidas-junior-trailer-sanjay-dutt-turns-snooker-coach-in-rajiv-kapoor-s-final-film-watch-101645264960589.html|access-date=2022-02-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en|archive-date=19 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219103015/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/toolsidas-junior-trailer-sanjay-dutt-turns-snooker-coach-in-rajiv-kapoor-s-final-film-watch-101645264960589.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[K.G.F: Chapter 2]]''
| Adheera
| [[Kannada language|Kannada]] film
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="indiatimes70428206">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/farhan-akhtar-shares-birthday-boy-sanjay-dutts-first-look-from-kgf-chapter-2/articleshow/70428206.cms |title=Farhan Akhtar shares birthday boy Sanjay Dutt's first look from 'KGF: Chapter 2' |website=The Times of India|access-date=29 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729224112/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/farhan-akhtar-shares-birthday-boy-sanjay-dutts-first-look-from-kgf-chapter-2/articleshow/70428206.cms|archive-date=29 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Samrat Prithviraj]]''
| [[Prithviraj Chauhan|Kaka Kanha]]
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kgf-chapter-2-yash-s-film-goes-on-floors-in-hyderabad-1595459-2019-09-04 |title=KGF Chapter 2: Yash's film goes on floors in Hyderabad |newspaper=India Today|access-date=4 September 2019 |agency=Ist|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904140924/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kgf-chapter-2-yash-s-film-goes-on-floors-in-hyderabad-1595459-2019-09-04|archive-date=4 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Shamshera]]''
| [[Daroga]] Shuddh Singh
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-yash-raj-films-announces-theatrical-release-dates-bunty-aur-babli-2-prithviraj-jayeshbhai-jordaar-shamshera/ |title=BREAKING: Yash Raj Films announces theatrical release dates for Bunty Aur Babli 2, Prithviraj, Jayeshbhai Jordaar and Shamshera! |date=26 September 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=26 September 2021|archive-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926082837/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/bollywood/breaking-yash-raj-films-announces-theatrical-release-dates-bunty-aur-babli-2-prithviraj-jayeshbhai-jordaar-shamshera/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023
! scope="row" align="left" |[[Jawan (film)|''Jawan'']]
| STF officer Madhavan Naik ||Cameo
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]''
| Antony Das || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Sanjay Dutt begins shooting for Vijay-starrer 'Leo' in Srinagar |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sanjay-dutt-begins-shooting-for-vijay-starrer-leo-in-srinagar/articleshow/98620587.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=14 March 2023|access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314031947/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sanjay-dutt-begins-shooting-for-vijay-starrer-leo-in-srinagar/articleshow/98620587.cms |archive-date=2023-03-14 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
! scope="row" align="left" | ''[[Ghudchadi]]''
| Veer Sharma
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-raveena-tandon-parth-samthaan-wrap-first-shooting-schedule-ghudchadi/ |title=Sanjay Dutt, Raveena Tandon and Parth Samthaan wrap up first shooting schedule of Ghudchadi |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=16 March 2022 |access-date=18 March 2022 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318021019/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-raveena-tandon-parth-samthaan-wrap-first-shooting-schedule-ghudchadi/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Double iSmart]]''
| Big Bull
| [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sanjay-dutt-boards-ram-pothineni-puri-jagannadhs-double-ismart/article67134733.ece |title=Sanjay Dutt boards Ram Pothineni-Puri Jagannadh's 'Double iSmart' |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |date=29 July 2023 |access-date=7 September 2023|archive-date=7 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907040556/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sanjay-dutt-boards-ram-pothineni-puri-jagannadhs-double-ismart/article67134733.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2025
! scope="row" |''[[The Bhootnii]]''
| Baba
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-26 |title='The Bhootnii' announcement: Sanjay Dutt, Mouni Roy to headline horror-comedy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-bhootnii-announcement-sanjay-dutt-mouni-roy-horror-comedy-sunny-singh-palak-tiwari/article69265630.ece |access-date=2025-02-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Housefull 5]]''
| [[Chief Inspector]] Baba
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Housefull 5: Akshay Kumar's BTS PICS with Riteish Deshmukh, Johny Lever and Ranjeet go viral on the internet; fan says 'Ab ayega maja' |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/housefull-5-akshay-kumars-bts-pics-with-riteish-deshmukh-johny-lever-and-ranjeet-go-viral-on-the-internet-fan-says-ab-ayega-maja-1349880?amp |work=Pinkvilla |date=24 September 2024 |access-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Baaghi 4]]''
| Chacko
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Dhurandhar]]''
| [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] [[Chaudhry Aslam Khan|Chaudhary Aslam]]
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2 June 2025 |title=Ranveer Singh, Sanjay Dutt's intense looks from Dhurandhar set leaked! Fans say 'aag lagne wali hai'. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singh-sanjay-dutts-intense-looks-from-dhurandhar-set-leaked-fans-react-watch-101748865606722.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=2 June 2025 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2026
! scope="row" |''[[The RajaSaab]]''
| Pekamedala Kanakaraju
| Telugu film
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |access-date=14 May 2025 |title=Sanjay Dutt Soon To Join The Sets Of Raja Saab |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sanjay-dutt-soon-to-join-the-sets-of-raja-saab-1878743 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=14 May 2025 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Dhurandhar The Revenge]]''
| [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] [[Chaudhry Aslam Khan|Chaudhary Aslam]]
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |access-date=5 December 2025 |title=BREAKING: Dhurandhar ends with the promise of a sequel; to release on Eid, on March 19, 2026; clash with Toxic, Dhamaal 4 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-dhurandhar-ends-promise-sequel-release-eid-march-19-2026-clash-toxic-dhamaal-4/ |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=5 December 2025 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[KD: The Devil]]''
| {{sortname|Dhak|Deva|nolink=1}}
| Kannada film
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-injury-kannada-film-kd-8553136/ |title=Sanjay Dutt rubbishes reports of him getting injured on sets of KD: 'I am fine and healthy' |date=12 April 2023 | access-date=13 November 2023 | archive-date=13 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113190223/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sanjay-dutt-injury-kannada-film-kd-8553136/ | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Raja Shivaji (film)|Raja Shivaji]]''
| [[Afzal Khan (general)|Afzal Khan]]
| Bilingual film; Also debut in [[Marathi cinema]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |access-date=21 May 2025 |title=Abhishek Bachchan, Sanjay Dutt Join Riteish Deshmukh In His Dream Project|date=21 May 2025 |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/raja-shivaji-abhishek-bachchan-sanjay-dutt-join-riteish-deshmukh-in-his-dream-project-enn25052105447}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film|[[Aakhri Sawal]]|TBD}}
| [[Prof.]] Gopal Nadkarni
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news
| last = Bohra
| first = Anurag
| title = Aakhri Sawal: Sanjay Dutt to act in and produce film about 100 years of RSS
| newspaper = India Today
| location =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher =
| date = 26 March 2026
| url = https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/aakhri-sawal-sanjay-dutt-to-act-in-and-produce-film-about-100-years-of-rss-2887478-2026-03-26
| access-date = }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| {{TableTBA}}
|{{Pending film|Baap}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| Post-production
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Baap: Mithun Chakraborty, Sunny Deol, Sanjay Dutt and Jackie Shroff are rugged gangsters in first poster |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/baapmithun-chakraborty-sunny-deol-sanjay-dutt-and-jackie-shroff-present-their-rugged-gangsters-avatars-8258403/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=9 November 2022|access-date=14 March 2023|archive-date=14 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314125329/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/baapmithun-chakraborty-sunny-deol-sanjay-dutt-and-jackie-shroff-present-their-rugged-gangsters-avatars-8258403/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film|Khalnayak Returns}}
| Balaram "Ballu" Prasad
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2026 |last=Seta |first=Fenil |title=BREAKING: Ballu is back! Sanjay Dutt announces Khalnayak Returns; teaser gets massive response at launch event |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-ballu-is-back-sanjay-dutt-announces-khalnayak-returns-teaser-gets-massive-response-at-launch-event/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=24 April 2026}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ {{nowrap|List of Sanjay Dutt television credits}}
|-
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{ref heading}}
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 5)|Bigg Boss 5]]''
| Host
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Munshi2012">{{cite book |last=Munshi |first=Shoma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fdGATZeZWJcC&pg=PT149 |title=Remote Control: Indian Television in the New Millennium |date=2012 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-81-8475-755-2 |page=149 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913104807/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fdGATZeZWJcC&pg=PT149&redir_esc=y |archive-date=13 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Super Dancer]]''
| Guest
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |date=10 September 2021 |title=Shilpa Shetty imitates Sanjay Dutt's signature walk on Super Dancer 4 |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shilpa-shetty-imitates-sanjay-dutt-s-signature-walk-on-super-dancer-4-watch-101631241399633.html |access-date=10 September 2021 |archive-date=10 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910031733/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shilpa-shetty-imitates-sanjay-dutt-s-signature-walk-on-super-dancer-4-watch-101631241399633.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|4569|Sanjay Dutt filmography}} {{EditAtWikidata}}

{{Sanjay Dutt}}
{{Portal bar|Bollywood|Film|India|Media}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dutt, Sanjay}}
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]
[[Category:Sanjay Dutt|Filmography]]

GEMS Modern Academy

2026-04-27T10:56:04Z

Rudratree: Adding

{{Short description|Private school in Dubai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox school
| name = GEMS Modern Academy
| native_name =
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| alt =
| location = [[Nad Al Sheba]]
| address =
| region =
| city = [[Dubai]]
| state =
| province =
| county =
| postal_code =
| zipcode =
| country = United Arab Emirates
| coordinates = {{coord|25.1546|N|55.37531|E|region:AE-DU|display=inline,title}}
| school_number =
| school_board =
| district =
| authority = [[Knowledge and Human Development Authority|KHDA]]
| founder = [[Sunny Varkey]]
| specialist =
| president =
| head_of_school =
| head =
| head_label =
| chairperson =
| principal = Sydney Michael Atkins
| staff =
| USNWR_ranking =
| gender = [[Co-educational]]
| lower_age =
| upper_age =
| houses = Aquila, Cygnus, Orion, Pegasus
| schooltype = [[Independent school]]
| fundingtype =
| type = Private
| system = [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations|CICSE]] and [[International Baccalaureate]]
| fees = 30,272 - 72,180 [[United Arab Emirates dirham|AED]]
| tuition =
| revenue =
| endowment =
| budget =
| enrolment =
| products =
| years = Pre KG - Grade 12
| age_range =
| language =
| classrooms =
| campus = Gems Modern Academy
| campus_size =
| campus_type = Urban
| hours_in_day =
| athletics = Yes
| athletic_conference =
| slogan =
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| fight_song =
| motto_translation =
| motto =
| accreditation =
| rival =
| mascot =
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| sports = Yes
| patron =
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| colours = {{color box|Yellow}} {{color box|Red}} {{color box|Green}} {{color box|Blue}}
| colors =
| yearbook =
| publication =
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| opened =
| established = 18 October 1986
| founded =
| status = Open
| closed =
| enrollment = 3800
| sixth_form_students =
| alumni =
| nobel_laureates =
| gradeK =
| grade1 =
| grade2 =
| grade3 =
| grade4 =
| grade5 =
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| other_grade_label =
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| feeder_schools =
| free_label =
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| free_label4 =
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| free_label5 =
| free_text5 =
| footnotes =
| picture =
| picture_caption =
| website = {{URL|www.gemsmodernacademy-dubai.com}}
}}

'''GEMS Modern Academy''' ({{langx|ar|جيمس مودرن أكاديمي}}), formerly known as '''Dubai Modern High School''', is a private school situated in the [[Nad Al Sheba]] area of [[Dubai]] in the [[United Arab Emirates]]. The school is part of the [[GEMS Education|GEMS]] group of schools, an international school business.

==History==
GEMS Modern Academy was founded as Dubai Modern High School on 18 October 1986.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.gemsmodernacademy-dubai.com/About-us |website=GEMS Modern Academy |access-date=24 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109014250/https://www.gemsmodernacademy-dubai.com/About-us |archive-date=9 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, former United States President [[Bill Clinton]] visited the school as the chief guest during its 25th Anniversary celebration, as part of his wider initiative to increase access to education for children.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahmed |first1=Afshan |title=Ex-president joins campaign for equal access to education |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/ex-president-joins-campaign-for-equal-access-to-education-1.357395 |website=The National |access-date=24 February 2025 |date=14 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Absal |first1=Rayeesa |title=Dubai school celebrates outstanding achievement |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/education/dubai-school-celebrates-outstanding-achievement-1.950631 |website=Gulf News |access-date=24 February 2025 |date=14 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/clinton-opens-gems-american-academy-abu-dhabi|title=Clinton opens GEMS American Academy-Abu Dhabi|newspaper=Khaleej Times|access-date=7 November 2024|archive-date=30 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130124634/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/clinton-opens-gems-american-academy-abu-dhabi|url-status=live}}</ref> The same year, the school came under scrutiny after an incident where a four-year-old girl was allegedly [[rape]]d by a bus driver and two other members of staff, leading to the postponing of annual events run by the school.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dhal |first1=Sharmila |title=GEMS puts off Modern High School parents' week |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/education/gems-puts-off-modern-high-school-parents-week-1.750201 |website=Gulf News |access-date=24 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203194753/https://gulfnews.com/uae/education/gems-puts-off-modern-high-school-parents-week-1.750201 |archive-date=3 December 2023 |date=22 January 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Court frees 3 Indians in Dubai molestation case |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/373492 |website=Arab News |access-date=24 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819025419/https://www.arabnews.com/node/373492 |archive-date=19 August 2013 |date=6 April 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Although all suspects initially confessed to the crime,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rayeesa |first1=Absal |title=Rape suspects have confessed to crime, police say |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/crime/rape-suspects-have-confessed-to-crime-police-say-1.747469 |website=Gulf News |access-date=24 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211060319/https://gulfnews.com/uae/crime/rape-suspects-have-confessed-to-crime-police-say-1.747469 |archive-date=11 February 2021 |date=17 January 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> they were later acquitted.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nammour |first1=Marie |title=Dubai: Three accused of molesting 4-year-old girl on school bus acquitted |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/crime/all-three-acquitted-in-child-abuse-case-2 |website=Khaleej Times |access-date=24 February 2025 |date=7 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Al Baik |first1=Eman |title=Gems school bus staff acquitted of abuse charge |url=https://www.emirates247.com/news/gems-school-bus-staff-acquitted-of-abuse-charge-2011-04-06-1.377846 |website=Emirates 24/7 |access-date=24 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203142948/https://www.emirates247.com/news/gems-school-bus-staff-acquitted-of-abuse-charge-2011-04-06-1.377846 |archive-date=3 February 2023 |date=6 April 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, the school embarked on an expedition to [[Antarctica]] with pupils in Grade 12. The trip was led and inspired by British explorer [[Robert Swan]] after he gave a motivational talk at the school encouraging younger generations to preserve Antarctica.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dubai pupils thrill to Antarctic chills |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/education/dubai-pupils-thrill-to-antarctic-chills-1.606412 |website=The National News |access-date=10 November 2024 |date=3 April 2014 |archive-date=10 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110060125/https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/education/dubai-pupils-thrill-to-antarctic-chills-1.606412 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pathak |first1=Shveta |title=Freeze Fame: Nine Dubai School Students To Brave Sub-zero Temperatures In Antarctica |url=https://gulfnews.com/general/freeze-fame-nine-dubai-school-students-to-brave-sub-zero-temperatures-in-antarctica-1.1298030 |website=Gulf News |access-date=24 February 2025 |date=2 March 2014}}</ref> In 2023, the school launched a [[cricket]] academy in partnership with JMR Sporting, offering specialised coaching for students aged 6 to 18 years.<ref>{{cite web |title=GEMS Modern Academy launches premier cricket academy in partnership with JMR Sporting |url=https://www.gemseducation.com/en/News-and-Events/News/GEMS-Modern-Academy-launches-premier-cricket-academy-in-partnership-with-JMR-Sporting |website=GEMS Education |access-date=7 November 2024 |date=16 March 2023}}</ref>

== Sports ==
GEMS Modern Academy has an established cricket team, with it winning the ILT20 Schools Cup in 2024, defeating [[The Winchester School, Jebel Ali|The Winchester School]] by six wickets.<ref>{{cite web |title=GEMS Modern Academy Dubai win ILT20 Schools Cup |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/sports/cricket/gems-modern-academy-dubai-win-ilt20-schools-cup |website=Khaleej Times |access-date=7 November 2024 |date=15 January 2024 |archive-date=8 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108215253/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/sports/cricket/gems-modern-academy-dubai-win-ilt20-schools-cup |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Academics ==
The school offers [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations|CICSE]] and [[International Baccalaureate]] curricula, the former only being offered from grades 6 to 12. The school implements the Primary Years Programme (PYP), Middle Years Programme (MYP), the Diploma Programme and the Career Related Programme for students in the IB curriculum.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dual Curriculum Pathways Overview: ICSE + IB |url=https://www.gemsmodernacademy-dubai.com/Curriculum/Dual |website=GEMS Modern Academy |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref> In 2024, the school received a 100% pass rate for their CICSE and ISC Board Exams for Grades 10 and 12.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/education/uae-students-achieve-100-pass-rate-after-icse-isc-results-surpassing-global-average|title=UAE: Students achieve 100% pass rate after ICSE, ISC results, surpassing global average
|newspaper=Khaleej Times}}</ref> The school has been ranked Outstanding by the [[Knowledge and Human Development Authority]] since the 2011–12 school year, the highest rating possible.<ref>{{cite web |title=GMA Report 23-24 |url=https://www.khda.gov.ae/DISB/AttachmentDownload.aspx?DOC_ID=ydubxI3s8kk%3d |website=Knowledge and Human Development Authority |access-date=7 November 2024 |archive-date=8 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108220505/https://www.khda.gov.ae/DISB/AttachmentDownload.aspx?DOC_ID=ydubxI3s8kk= |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Musical productions ==
GEMS Modern Academy has had several musical productions by Kevin Oliver, a playwright and fashion choreographer known for his Fashion weeks in Dubai, London, Toronto, Moscow and more.<ref>{{cite web |title='The Lost' comes alive in Dubai production |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/theatre/the-lost-comes-alive-in-dubai-production-1.2088799 |website=Gulf News |access-date=7 November 2024 |date=12 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Award-winning 'Dear Evan Hansen' inspires UAE student-led musical 'Sincerely Me' |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/local-events/award-winning-dear-evan-hansen-inspires-uae-student-led-musical-sincerely-me |website=Khaleej Times |access-date=7 November 2024 |date=23 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nrifocus.com/NRI-Focus/ive-grown-with-fashion-in-dubai-how-kevin-oliver-is-bringing-theatrical-magic-to-the-citys-buzzing-fashion-scene/|title=I've grown with fashion in Dubai: How Kevin Oliver is bringing theatrical magic to the city's buzzing fashion scene|newspaper=NRI Focus|first=Enid|last=Parker|date=11 April 2024 }}</ref>

== Notable alumni ==
* Aadit Palicha - Co-founder of [[Zepto (company)|Zepto]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aadit Palicha |url=https://www.gemsmodernacademy-dubai.com/Student%20Life/Latest%20Stories/Aadit%20Palicha |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=www.gemsmodernacademy-dubai.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Schools managed by GEMS Education}}
{{International schools in the United Arab Emirates}}
{{Indian international schools}}

[[Category:GEMS Education schools]]
[[Category:International schools in Dubai]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1986]]
[[Category:1986 establishments in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Indian international schools in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:International Baccalaureate schools in the United Arab Emirates]]

Patnam Narender Reddy

2026-04-23T16:53:47Z

Rudratree:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Patnam Narender Reddy
| image = RAJ 1517 Cropped.jpg
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[TelanganaLegislative Assembly|Telangana]]
| constituency = [[Kodangal Assembly constituency|Kodangal]]
| successor = [[Revanth Reddy]]
| predecessor = [[Revanth Reddy]]
| term_start = 2018
| term_end = 2023
| party = [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]
| relatives = [[Patnam Mahender Reddy]] (brother)
}}

'''Patnam Narender Reddy''' is a politician in the Indian state of [[Telangana]]. He was a [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Kodangal Assembly constituency]] from 2018 to 2023 by defeating [[Revanth Reddy]] in the [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=In major upset for Cong, Revanth Reddy loses in Kodangal to TRS’ Patnam Narender |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/amp/story/telangana/major-upset-cong-revanth-reddy-loses-kodangal-trs-patnam-narender-93202}}</ref> He was subsequently defeated by Revanth Reddy in the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] with a margin of 32,532 votes.

==Family==
He is the brother [[P. Mahender Reddy]], a multi-term legislator, minister and a current member of [[Telangana Legislative Council]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2023 |title=Minister, MLA, Associates Booked Under SC/ST Act |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/031123/minister-mla-associates-booked-under-scst-act.html |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, P. Narender}}
[[Category:Former members of Telugu Desam Party]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Bharat Rashtra Samithi politicians]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:1970 births]]

{{Telangana-TRS-politician-stub}}

Shaji Kumar

2026-04-18T11:10:54Z

Rudratree: new initial bio added tags...

{{short description|Indian cinematographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shaji Kumar
| image = Shaji kumar.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = Cinematographer
| years_active = 2002–present
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Shaji Kumar''' is an Indian [[cinematographer]], who has worked in the [[Malayalam]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film industries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://reelisticviews.com/2016/11/14/pulimurugan-review-a-visual-wonder-with-problematic-contents/ |title=Pulimurugan review: A Visual Wonder with Problematic Contents – REELISTIC VIEWS |access-date=14 February 2017 |archive-date=15 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215031612/https://reelisticviews.com/2016/11/14/pulimurugan-review-a-visual-wonder-with-problematic-contents/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Career==
Shaji Kumar began his career as a cinematographer for Malayalam films, He has frequently collaborated with leading Indian filmmakers like [[Shaji Kailas]], [[Joshiy]], [[Vinayan]] and [[Vysakh]], before moving on to balance those commitments alongside Tamil films. In the Tamil film industry, Shaji has extensively collaborated with actor [[Prashanth]] for his films. Shaji received critical acclaim for his work in ''[[Ponnar Shankar (film)|Ponnar Shankar]]'' (2011), while he also shot ''[[Mambattiyan]]'' (2011) and ''[[Saagasam|Saahasam]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-ponnar-shankar/20110411.htm|title = Review: Nothing historical about Ponnar Shankar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Ponnar-Shankar/movie-review/7998113.cms|title=Ponnar Shankar Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Ponnar Shankar by Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Shaji Kumar film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Uthaman (2001 film)|Uthaman]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2002 || ''[[Valkannadi]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Pakalppooram]]'' ||
|-
| ''Kanmashi'' ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2003 || ''[[Ammakilikkoodu]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Pattanathil Sundaran]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2004 || ''[[Njan Salperu Ramankutty]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Vellinakshatram (2004 film)|Vellinakshatram]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Sathyam (2004 film)|Sathyam]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Vesham]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2005 || ''[[Athbhutha Dweepu]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Naran (film)|Naran]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2006 || ''[[Yes Your Honour]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Mahha Samudram]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Baba Kalyani (film)|Baba Kalyani]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2007 || ''[[July 4 (film)|July 4]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Nasrani (film)|Nasrani]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2008 || ''[[Cycle (2008 film)|Cycle]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Veruthe Oru Bharya]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2009 || ''[[Robin Hood (2009 film)|Robin Hood]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Red Chillies (film)|Red Chillies]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2010 || ''[[Pokkiri Raja (2010 film)|Pokkiri Raja]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kanagavel Kaaka]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Toofan (2010 film)|Toofan]]'' || Hindi
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2011 || ''[[Ponnar Shankar (film)|Ponnar Shankar]]'' || Tamil
|-
| ''[[Seniors (film)|Seniors]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Doctor Love (film)|Doctor Love]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Mambattiyan]]'' || Tamil
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2012 || ''[[The King & the Commissioner]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Mallu Singh]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Madirasi]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Simhasanam (2012 film)|Simhasanam]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2013 || ''[[Sringaravelan]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Sound Thoma]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2014 || ''[[Rajadhi Raja (2014 film)|Rajadhi Raja]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ring Master]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Cousins (2014 film)|Cousins]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2016 || ''[[Saagasam|Saahasam]]'' || Tamil
|-
| ''[[Pulimurugan]]'' ||<ref name="ittymaani"/>
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Ramaleela]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2018 || ''[[Mohanlal (film)|Mohanlal]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Odiyan]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-says-his-next-film-odiyan-will-be-a-visual-treat-4586166/|title=Mohanlal says his next film Odiyan will be a visual treat|date=26 March 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2019 || ''[[Madhura Raja]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Ittymaani: Made in China]]'' ||<ref name="ittymaani">{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2019-04-25 |title=Mohanlal’s Big Brother launched; Ittymaani shoot begins |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/malayalam/2019/Apr/24/mohanlals-big-brother--launched-ittymaani-shoot-begins-1968621.html |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2022 || ''[[Night Drive (film)|Night Drive]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. N. M. |date=2021-12-10 |title=First look poster of Anna Ben and Roshan Mathew’s Night Drive is out |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/first-look-poster-anna-ben-and-roshan-mathew-s-night-drive-out-158579 |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pathonpatham Noottandu]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2023 || ''[[Bandra (film)|Bandra]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-27 |title=Dileep - Arun Gopy film titled ‘Bandra’, makers unveil the first look poster on actor’s birthday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/dileep-arun-gopy-film-titled-bandra-makers-unveil-the-first-look-poster-on-actors-birthday/articleshow/95114102.cms |access-date=2025-11-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kadhikan]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2023-12-08 |title=‘Kadhikan’ trailer: Art takes centre stage in Jayaraj’s film starring Mukesh, Unni Mukundan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kadhikan-trailer-art-takes-centre-stage-in-jayarajs-film-starring-mukesh-unni-mukundan/article67617744.ece |access-date=2025-11-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Once Upon a Time in Kochi]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-02-15 |title=Trailer of Once Upon a Time in Kochi will be released tomorrow |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Feb/15/trailer-of-once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-will-be-released-tomorrow-52084.html |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Thudarum]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-04-07 |title=Mohanlal-starrer Thudarum gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Apr/07/mohanlal-starrer-thudarum-gets-a-new-release-date |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026 || {{pending film|Athimanoharam}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-16 |title=Mohanlal–Tharun Moorthy’s L 366 titled Athimanoharam; new poster out |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2026/Apr/16/malayalamnews2026apr15mohanlaltharun-moorthys-l-366-titled-athimanoharam-new-poster-out |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{TableTBA}} || {{Pending film| Ottakomban}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-04-06 |title=Suresh Gopi-starrer Ottakomban to resume filming on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Apr/06/suresh-gopi-starrer-ottakomban-to-resume-filming-on-this-date |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards==
;[[Asiavision Awards]]
* 2016: Best Cinematographer – ''[[Pulimurugan]]''{{Citation needed |date=April 2024}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=1521514}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Shaji}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Artists from Kochi]]
[[Category:Tamil cinematographers]]
[[Category:Malayalam film cinematographers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Anurager Chhowa

2026-04-13T20:08:53Z

Rudratree: done!

{{Short description|2022 Indian Bengali television drama series}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Anurager Chhowa.png
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| writer = Srabasti Basu Sayan Chowdhury
| story = Srabasti Basu
| screenplay = Srabasti Basu
| director = Anupam Hari
| creative_director = Aditi Roy
| starring = {{ubl|Swastika Ghosh|Dibyojyoti Dutta|[[Rahul Mazumdar]]|[[Tiyasha Lepcha]]}}
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 1245
| executive_producer = {{Plainlist|
* {{ubl|Nibedita
* (SVF)|Tania|Sweta|Anwesha
* (Star Jalsha)}}
}}
| producer = {{ubl|Shrikant Mohta|Mahendra Soni}}
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| runtime = 23 minutes
| cinematography = Dipankar Saha
| editor = Babulal Sau
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| company = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| network = [[Star Jalsha]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|02|07|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2025|11|30|df=y}}
}}

'''Anurager Chhowa''' was an Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali-language]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] television series that premiered on 7 February 2022 on [[Star Jalsha]] and after 3 years of successful run, completed 1000 episodes on 25 March 2025. This show was produced under the banner of [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]. It was an official remake of the [[Malayalam]] TV series [[Karuthamuthu]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Do You Know Upcoming Show 'Anurager Chhowa' Is The Remake Of Malayalam Daily Soap 'Karuthamuthu'?| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/do-you-know-upcoming-show-anurager-chhowa-is-the-remake-of-malayalam-daily-soap-karuthamuthu/articleshow/89056044.cms|newspaper=The Times Of India|date=22 January 2022}}</ref> It starred Swastika Ghosh and Dibyajyoti Dutta in lead roles previously.

From September 2025, it starred Swastika Ghosh and [[Rahul Mazumdar]] in lead roles. It loosely followed Star Plus blockbuster series [[Anupamaa]] and [[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]. The series was dubbed in [[English language|English]] and airs on [[Star Life (African TV channel)|Star Life]] as "You Have My Heart". It was dubbed in [[Hindi]] and aired on [[StarPlus|Star Plus]] as "Chhoo Kar Mere Mann Ko". In Season 2 the series loosely followed the story of Star Jalsha blockbuster series [[Kusum Dola]]. After 1245 episodes, the show finally ended on 30 November 2025.

==Premise==
The show highlights the importance of good characteristics in life over external beauty.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-20|title=রূপবতী নয় গুণবতীই পছন্দ দিব্যজ্যোতির, আরও এক কৃষ্ণকলির গল্পে কামব্যাক কিয়ানের!|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/dibyojyoti-dutta-making-a-comeback-on-tv-with-star-jalsha-s-anurager-chhoya-31642656110168.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120162205/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/dibyojyoti-dutta-making-a-comeback-on-tv-with-star-jalsha-s-anurager-chhoya-31642656110168.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 January 2022|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Hindustan Times Bangla|language=bn}}</ref> It mainly revolves around a love triangle story between two women and one man.

The story revolves around Deepa a humble woman and Surjo a kind cardiologist. Deepa is mistreated by her stepmother and half sister Urmi after her mother's death since childhood and her father does not defend her. Later she crosses path with Surjo Sengputa and they immediately like each other. Deepa is forced to marry the son of MLA in order by her stepmother and step grandmother in order to sell her late mother's land. She is saved by Surjo and to defend his love he married her. This marriage is faced with opposition from his mother Lavanga Sengputa and Urmi Sengputa who wanted to marry Surjo but ended up marrying his brother Joy.
Later, Surjo's best friend and obsessive lover Mishka Sen returns. She has secretly killed his girlfriend Hiya by causing their accident over two years ago. Later, Deepa starts to suspect Mishka's intentions and discovers her obsession with Surjo and tries to expose her but no one believes.

Eventually Lavanga accepts Deepa and Urmi falls in love with Joy. To prevent Deepa and Surjo from uniting Mishka makes it appear that Surjo is unfit to be a father since he is infertile and Deepa is having an affair with Kabir one of. Mishka's can we patients. Deepa is revealed to be pregnant and when she tells this to family, Surjo doubts her under the illusion that Mishka had created. Surjo doubts Deepa's dignity and feeling insulted she leaves the Sengputa House with Lavanya's support. She faces many trials trying to meet ends meet to support her pregnancy.

===9 months later===
Deepa undergoes labor pain and reaches Surjo's hospital to deliver her child. Mishka learns of this and attempts to kill her when she injects her with a lethal injection.
She survives and gives birth to twin girls named Rupa and Shona. Shona is taken away by Lavanga and Prabir since she feels Deepa cannot support both her kids without Surjo's financial help. Shona is made to appear as an orphan so that Surjo can adopt her. Mishka hovers around Surjo and manipulates him to marry her. Their wedding is stopped by Deepa but she is coldly insulted by Surjo and she decides to leave him for good. Surjao still in love with Deepa refuses to marry Mishka foiling Mishka's schemes. Deepa and Surjo decide to raise their daughters Rupa and Shona respectively

===5 years later===
Deepa lives in a village with Rupa and Surjo with Shona in the city along with Sengputa family and has raised her with love even though he adopted her not knowing that he is her biological father.

Rupa is courageous and outspoken and always supports and defends Deepa while Shona is sweet and gentle as Deepa. Mishka still hovers around Surjo using the excuse of friendship and pretends to care for Shona so as to get Surjo's approval for her marriage as she still stuck in her obsession, but her efforts bear no fruit as Shona dislikes, since she sees through her act.

Lavanya searches for Deepa and she wishes to unite her and Rupa, with Deepa and Surjo to fulfill the complete family. Rupa meets Lavanya, Surjo and Shona, during their drive to the health camp held in the village where Deepa lives. Lavanya and Surjo immediately like her and he bond with her. Deepa sees the family at the village fair and tries to avoid them still hurting from the past. Mishka and Deepa cross paths and, during their confrontation Deepa vows to fight for her place in the Sengputa family. Threatened by this Mishka resorts to her old ways and decides to kill Deepa. Deepa moves to the city for Rupa's future and lands a job and at the school where Rupa and Shona study. Their Shona meets Deepa and they feel bonded towards each other. Surjo also meets Rupa and they also connect, with each other. Deepa continues to avoid Surjo as she does not want to bring up the past anymore and, in order to protect Rupa she, makes her act as her niece to keep her away from Surjo's anger and Mishka's plots. Mishka discovers that, Rupa is Deepa's daughter and decides to kill them both. Later, Deepa learns that, Shona's connection to Surjo, but misunderstands that, Surjo and Mishka are her parents, during a family gathering. Later, the whole Sengputa family sees Deepa and they are glad to see her once again, except for Urmi, who fears to lose her place to Deepa.

Rupa and Shona initially fight, with each other, due to jealousy of the other becoming closer to each other's parents. Later, they grow closer as they share a common goal to stop Mishka's acts. Shona longs for a mother and she sees that, in Deepa and opts that, Surjo can fulfil her desire. During a family event, Surjo learns that, Deepa has met Shona behind his back furious he harshly condemns her and warns her to stay away from his daughter. Despite Deepa's explanations, Surjo humiliates, insults and degrades her for being a gold digger using Shona for her own benefit multiple times, when she interacts with Shona. Mishka further manipulates Surjo wishing to protect Shona decides to leave, with her, but her health deteriorates this, in order to heal Surjo lets Deepa take care of her. Mishka fearing that, Deepa and Surjo might reunite, because of this decides to fasten her plans to kill Deepa, but she is saved multiple times, by Surjo, who still loves her. Later, Rupa discovers that, Surjo is her father and is deeply hurt that, he had abandoned her and her mother years ago, and wishes to confront him, but is stopped, by Deepa. This revelation changes Rupa's attitude towards Surjo, but not only her, but so does Shona as he shows anger and frustration for those, who support Deepa including his family. This causes rifts in their family as Surjo constantly fights, with everyone, who supports Deepa.

Mishka becomes desperate to harm Deepa as she fears to lose her, later, she starts to suspect Shona's origin, due to the constant support from Lavanya as she was her biological granddaughter so she investigates and confirms that, she is indeed Surjo and Deepa's daughter as well. She decides to prevent their reunion as a family and continues, with her schemes. This also happens, when Deepa discovers that, she had given birth to twins five years ago and confronts Kabir's wife, the alive nurse, who was their that, day, but she does not reveal anything about Lavanya's request. She starts suspecting Shona is her daughter and later confirms that, Lavanya took her way. She decides to take her away, but is begged, by Lavanya that, it may break Surjo as she is her only support after his separation from her. Urmi is revealed to be pregnant, with Joy's child and Deepa decides to support her sister through her pregnancy as she had no one to do it, during her time. Urmi starts to feel Deepa's care and change her attitude towards her becoming affectionate.

Ratna tells Shona about her adoption, which sparks tension in the Sengputa family. Shona feeling hurt decides to leave, with Deepa and for the sake of her happiness, Surjo agrees. Later, the girls, Surjo and Deepa live under the same house as a family. Urmi gives birth to baby boy, who is named Deep. Their peace is disrupted, by Mishka once again, and Shona and Surjo leave. Shona's birth is revealed to Surjo, and believing her and Rupa are Kabir's daughters is left, with anger and resentment for Deepa. Shona discovers this too and wants to leave, with Deepa so for her happiness Surjo permits and lets her go. Deepa's health deteriorates and fearing to die, and leave her kids all alone she requests Surjo to confirm his paternity to them through a test.

Mishka tries to cover the truth this time as well, but it comes to light. Finally Surjo confirms Rupa and Shona are his daughters. Surjo regrets all his past mistakes and rushed to Deepa, who is critically ill begging him not to leave her. Deepa recovers, but is still furious at Surjo for all the pain he had caused her with his doubts and accusations for all these years. Deepa decides to live in Sengputa house for her children's sake, despite her anger for Surjo. The whole family decides to help him win back Deepa's heart and as they start to live together, Deepa anger for Surjo goes away.

On the day, Surjo plans to propose to Deepa, Misha enters and clashes the party revealing that, she is pregnant, with Surjo's child, which causes chaos once again. In reality Mishka had stolen Surjo's sperm samples for, when he was testing his fertility and had used IVF to become pregnant, with his child, in order to separate him from Deepa. Knowing Mishka's antics and past deceptions. Deepa keeps her trust in Surjo and investigates Mishka's allegations and discovers her deceptions and gathers evidence. But Mishka uses her pregnancy to defame Surjo and Mishka's adoptive father threatens to ruin the Sengputa name with his resources and this is possible since the Sengputa business is financially struggling and in order to keep Mishka's baby within the family. The Sengputas decide to allow Mishka to stay within the house and care for her during terminal pregnancy since the child is still Surjo's.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Swastika Ghosh]] as
** Deepanita 'Deepa' Majumdar Sengupta – Ajay and Shyama's daughter; Ratna's step-daughter; Urmi's half-sister; Surjo's wife; Rupa and Shona's mother; Veer's step-mother; Parama and Sudeepa's grandmother (2022–2025)
*** Ruchira Dey as Child Deepa Majumdar (2022)
** Shyama Majumdar – Ajay's first wife; Deepa's mother; Rupa and Shona's grandmother; Veer's step-grandmother; Parama and Sudeepa's great-grandmother (2022–2023)
** [[Sudeepa]] Mitra Chowdhury – MBBS student; Rupa and Krishna's younger daughter; Himadri and Renu's adopted daughter; Parama's twin sister; Aditya's wife (2025)
*** Priyanshita Samanta as Child Sudeepa Mitra (2025)
* Dibyojyoti Dutta as Surjo Sengupta – A cardiologist; Lavanya and Prabir's elder son; Palak and Joy's brother; Deepa's husband; Hiya's former love interest; Ira's ex-husband; Mishka and Charu's ex-fiance; Rupa, Shona and Veer's father; Parama and Sudeepa's grandfather (2022–2025)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anurager Chhowa: Dibyojyoti Dutta to retire from the show? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/anurager-chhowa-dibyojyoti-dutta-to-retire-from-the-show/10fcc2fb26505 |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
*Ahona Dutta as
**Dr. Mishka Sen – A former surgeon; Prajit's adopted daughter; Surjo's ex-best friend and one-sided obsessive love interest; Deepa's arch-nemesis; Hiya's murderer; Veer's mother (2022–2025)
**Tishka Ray - Mishka's estranged twin sister (2024)
*Sanghati Banerjee as Rupa "Rai" Sengupta Roy – Deepa and Surjo's elder daughter; Shona's twin sister; Veer's half-sister; Aryan's former one-sided love interest; Krishna's widow; Parama and Sudeepa's mother (2025)
**Saina Chatterjee as Teenage Rupa "Joyee" Sengupta (2024–2025)
***Srishti Majumdar as Child Rupa Sengupta (2022–2024)
*Kushal Thakur as Krishna Roy – Kuntala's step-son; Rudi's half-brother; Shona's ex-fiancée; Rupa's husband; Parama and Sudeepa's father (2025)
*Nisha Poddar as Shona Sengupta – Deepa and Surjo's younger daughter; Rupa's twin sister; Veer's half-sister; Krishna's ex-fiancée; Rudi's ex-wife; Aryan's wife (2025)
**Debopriya Basu as Teenage Shona "Oli" Sengupta (2024–2025)
***Misheeta Ray Chowdhury as Child Shona Sengupta (2022–2024)
* Unknown as Dr. Aryan – A doctor & singer; Rupa and Shona's former classmate; Shona's husband (2025)
**Rishav Chakraborty as Teenage Aryan (2024)
*[[Rahul Mazumdar]] as S.P Aditya Chowdhury – Indira and Anshuman's son; Parama's former love interest; Sudeepa's husband (2025)
*[[Tiyasha Lepcha]] as Surupa "Parama" Banerjee Chowdhury – Rupa and Krishna's elder daughter; Atul and Shruti's adopted daughter; Sudeepa's twin sister; Aditya's former love interest; Abhra's wife (2025)
* Dhrubajyoti Sarkar as Major Abhrajit "Abhra" Chowdhury – Aghar and Gayatri's son; Parama's husband (2025)

===Recurring===
*[[Rupanjana Mitra]] as Lavanya Lahiri Sengupta – A businesswoman; Dr. Lahiri's daughter, Prabir's wife; Palak, Surjo and Joy's mother; Megha, Rupa, Shona, Deep, Veer and Jr. Lavanya's grandmother; Parama and Sudeepa's great-grandmother (2022–2024)
* Debdut Ghosh as Prabir Sengupta – Pratik's brother; Lavanya's widower; Palak, Surjo and Joy's father; Megha, Rupa, Shona, Deep, Veer and Jr. Lavanya's grandfather; Parama and Sudeepa's great-grandfather (2022–2025)
*Ritu Pyne / Priyantika Karmakar as Ira Dutta – Surjo's ex-wife (2024) / (2024)
*Prarabdhi Singha as [[Joy Sengupta]] – Lavanya and Prabir's younger son; Palak and Surjo's brother; Urmi's husband; Shalini's ex-lover; Deep and Jr. Lavanya's father (2022–2025)
*Soumili Chakraborty as Urmi Majumdar Sengupta – Ratna and Ajay's daughter; Deepa's half-sister; Surjo's former one-sided love interest; Joy's wife; Deep's mother; Jr. Lavanya's step-mother (2022–2025)
*Aniket Ghosh as Deep Sengupta – Urmi and Joy's son; Jr. Lavanya's half-brother (2025)
**Adrian Biswas as Child Deep Sengupta (2024–2025)
**Gloria as Baby Deep Sengupta (2023–2024)
* Subhasree Chakraborty as Jr. Lavanya Sengupta – Joy and Shalini's daughter; Urmi's step-daughter; Deep's half-sister (2025)
*Prapti Chatterjee as Palak Sengupta – Lavanya and Prabir's daughter; Surjo and Joy's sister; Megha's mother (2022–2025)
*Sheersha Banerjee / Sneha Debb as Tista Sengupta Chakrabarty – Pratik and Anuja's daughter; Victor's wife (2022) / (2022–2024)
*Subhankar Dey as Victor Chakrabarty – Pritha's younger son; Arjun and Ahona's step brother; Tista's husband (2023–2024)
*Sayantani Sengupta Mullick as Anuja Sengupta – Pratik's wife; Tista's mother (2022–2025)
*Avrajit Chakraborty as Pratik Sengupta – Prabir's brother; Anuja's husband; Tista's father (2022–2025)
*Mallika Majumdar as Ratna Majumdar – Nistarini Devi's daughter; Ajay's widow; Urmi's mother; Deepa's step-mother; Deep's grandmother; Rupa, Shona, Veer and Jr. Lavanya's step-grandmother; Parama and Sudeepa's step-great-grandmother (2022–2025)
*Bimal Chakraborty as Ajay Majumdar – Shyama's widower; Ratna's husband; Deepa and Urmi's father; Rupa, Shona and Deep's grandfather; Veer and Jr. Lavanya's step-grandfather; Parama and Sudeepa's great-grandfather (2022–2024)
*[[Tanima Sen]] as Nistarini Devi – Ratna's mother; Urmi's grandmother; Deepa's step-grandmother; Deep's great-grandmother; Rupa, Shona, Veer and Jr. Lavanya's step-great-grandmother (2022–2023)
*Naren Bhattacharya as Lalit -Tabla's elder brother; Aruna's husband; Deepa's brother-figure (2022-2025)
*Sumana Mukhopadhyay as Aruna- Lalit's wife (2022-2024)
*Suman Banerjee as Parijat Sen – Mishka's adoptive father; Veer's adoptive grandfather (2022–2024)
*Madhupriya Chowdhury as Hiya – Surjo's late ex-girlfriend; Mishka's best friend (2022)
*Shoumo Banerjee as Kabir Rizvi – A writer; Deepa's brother-figure; Shivani's husband (2022–2023)
*Gulshanara Khatun as Shivani – a nurse; Kabir's wife (2022-2023)
*Anindya Banerjee as Tarit "Tabla" – Lalit's younger brother; Mishka's former one-sided lover and enemy; Deepa's brother-figure (2022–2025)
*Shaktipada Dey as Kumar: Lavanya and Deepa's rival; Kuntala's father; Rudi's grandfather; Krishna's step-grandfather (2022–2025)
*[[Chaiti Ghoshal]] as Sister Margaret (2023)
* [[Arjun Chakrabarty]] as Dr. Arjun Chakraborty – Pritha's elder son; Victor's brother; Deepa's childhood friend and ex-fiancé;(2023–2024)
*Suchismita Chowdhury as Pritha Chakraborty – Arjun and Victor's mother (2023–2024)
*[[Biswajit Chakraborty]] as Khoka – Arjun's uncle (2023–2024)
*Madhurima Mukherjee as Ahona - Arjun's sister (2023-2024)
*Konkoni Bhattacharya as Pritha (2023–2024)
*Chitra Saha as Officer Arpita Roy (2024)
*[[Dulal Lahiri]] as Dr. Sanyal (2024)
* Kaushik Das (2024)
* Aritram Mukherjee (2024)
* [[Samata Das]] as Nurse (2024)
* [[Nabanita Malakar]] as Charu Sarkar – Surjo's friend; Shona's caretaker and mother-figure; Shakyadev's wife (2024–2025)
* Sagnik Chatterjee as Shakyadev Sarkar – Deepa's boss; Rupa's foster father; Charu's husband (2024–2025)
* [[Sudipa Basu]] as Mrs. Sarkar – Shakyadev's mother; Rupa's foster grandmother (2024–2025)
* Soumi Paul as Shalini – Joy's ex-lover; Jr. Lavanya's mother (2025)
*Soujit Kumar Das as Raktim "Rudi" Roy – Kuntala's son; Krishna's half-brother; Shona's ex-husband (2025)
* Arijita Mukhopadhyay as Kuntala Kumar Roy – Kumar's daughter; Rudi's mother; Krishna's step-mother; Parama and Sudeepa's step-grandmother (2025)
* Unknown as Mr. Roy – Kuntala's husband; Rudi and Krishna's father; Parama and Sudeepa's grandfather (2025)
* Sutirtha Saha as Avinash Sharma – An ex-police officer and Deepa's well wisher (2025)
* Rohit Mukherjee as Inspector Himadri Mitra – Aarti's brother; Renu's widower; Sudeepa's adoptive father (2025)
* Unknown as Renu Mitra – Himadri's wife; Sudeepa's adoptive mother (2025)
* Somjita Bhattacharya as Aarti Mitra – Himadri's sister; Sudeepa's adoptive aunt (2025)
* Chiradip Chowdhury as Atul Banerjee – Shruti's husband; Parama's adoptive father (2025)
* Mousumi Mou Chakraborty as Shruti Banerjee – Atul's wife; Parama's adoptive mother (2025)
* Animesh Bhaduri as Angshuman Chowdhury – Aghar's brother; Indira's husband; Aditya's father (2025)
* Tanushree Goswami as Indira Chowdhury – Angshuman's wife; Aditya's mother (2025)
* Poushmita Goswami as Gayatri Chowdhury – Matriarch of Chowdhury family; Aghar's widow; Abhra's mother (2025)
* Priyab Chowdhury as Abhinav "Abhi" Chowdhury (2025)
* Neha Ghosh as Arshi Chowdhury (2025)
* Amitava Das as Anirban "Ani" Chowdhury – Abhra, Aditya, Abhinav and Arshi's cousin; Sanchari's husband (2025)
* [[Sanchari Mondal]] as Sanchari Chowdhury – Anirban's wife (2025)
* Manish Chakraborty (2025)
* Kushal Papai Bhowmick as Sundar – Sudeepa's stalker and obsessive lover; Himadri's murderer (2025)
* Arkojyoti Paul Chowdhury as Dr. Ritam – Sudeepa's medical college professor and one sided obsessive lover (2025)
* Kathakali Chakraborty as Tina

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*''[https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/anurager-chhowa/1260081919 Anurager Chhowa]'' at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]
[[Category:Star Jalsha original programming]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]

Karuthamma

2026-04-10T15:10:05Z

Rudratree: made basic details more to come!

{{Short description|1994 film by Bharathiraja}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Karuthamma poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Bharathiraja]]
| screenplay = Bharathiraja
| story = M. Rathnakumar
| starring = [[Raja (Tamil actor)|Raja]] [[Rajashree (actress)|Rajashree]] [[Maheswari]]
| cinematography = [[Ilavarasu]]
| editing = K. Pazhanivel
| music = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| studio = Vetrivel Creations
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1994|11|3}}
| runtime = 153 minutes{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=520}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Karuthamma''''' is a 1994 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] produced and directed by [[Bharathiraja]] from a story by M. Rathnakumar. The film stars [[Raja (Tamil actor)|Raja]], [[Rajashree (actress)|Rajashree]] and [[Maheswari]], with [[Saranya Ponvannan|Saranya]], [[Periyar Dasan]], [[Ponvannan]], [[Vadivukkarasi]], Vaani, [[Vadivelu]], and [[Janagaraj]] in supporting roles. It is set in a village where [[Female infanticide in India|female infanticide]] is prevalent and encouraged, but the title character is against the practice. The music was scored by [[A. R. Rahman]] with cinematography by [[Ilavarasu]] and editing by K. Pazhanivel.

''Karuthamma'' was released on 3 November 1994 and became a commercial success. It won three [[National Film Awards]] (including [[National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare|Best Film on Family Welfare]]), four [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]] (including [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film Portraying Woman in Good Light|Best Film Portraying Woman in Good Light]]) and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil]]. The film brought widespread attention to the practice of female infanticide and compelled the government at national and state levels to enact various laws to curb this practice.

== Plot ==
{{Long plot|date=November 2020}}
Mokkatha, the wife of Mokkaiyan, a farmer in Pottalpetti village, is in labour. They already have two daughters and are keen to have a son; two daughters born earlier were killed soon after birth by feeding them with poisonous cactus extract. Unable to pay hefty dowries for their daughters' marriages, the villagers consider female infanticide acceptable. A new school teacher, Soosai, feels sad on learning about this practice. When Mokkatha delivers a girl again, Mokkaiyan orders the village midwife Mooli to kill the baby. Mooli reluctantly tries to feed the cactus extract to the baby at a secluded place. Soosai notices this, meets her, and requests to hand over the infant so that he can raise her. She hands over the infant, and he moves away from the village.

Years later, Stephen, a veterinarian, comes to the village. Mokkaiyan's first daughter Ponnatha is married to Thavasi, the son of Mokkaiyan's nefarious sister Kaliamma. The second daughter, Karuthamma, takes care of the family. After getting into some tiff with Stephen, Karuthamma falls in love with him.

Ponnatha has two daughters and is pregnant for the third time. As a girl is born again, Kaliamma orders to kill it. To save her child, Ponnatha escapes with her baby and is chased by Thavasi, who beats her to death; the child also dies. He and Kaliamma lie that Ponnatha committed suicide as her third child was also a girl. Karuthamma, devastated by the death of her sister, does not believe this story. Ponnatha had earlier expressed her fear to her that if she delivered a girl again, Kaliamma would kill her.

When Karuthamma is giving a ceremonial bath to Ponnatha's body, she notices bloodstains on her abdomen. Concluding that she was murdered, Karuthamma stops the funeral and rushes to tell the police. The village chairman Chellamuthu, who is close to Thavasi, asks the police not to intervene, and they comply. Karuthamma refuses to leave the station. Stephen, who was passing by, threatens action against the police if they do not act on her complaint, as he is also a government employee. With no option, the police takes Ponnatha's body away and arrests Thavasi and Kaliamma.

Rosy, a doctor, comes to meet her close relative Stephen. Her presence and closeness with Stephen are misunderstood by Karuthamma. Rosy loves Stephen, but he only likes her. Kaliamma's husband celebrates her arrest by drinking with Mokkaiyan, who is not used to liquor. Mokkaiyan suffers a paralytic attack and loses control of his limbs. Rosy tends to him, and in the process gets attached to Mokkaiyan and Karuthamma.

A few weeks later, when Thavasi and Kaliamma get bail, they come to attack Karuthamma, but Stephen saves her. Chellamuthu manipulates the villagers into accepting Thavasi's proposal that Karuthamma must marry Thavasi to take care of Ponnatha's daughters (by which the police case will also be closed). Chellamuthu, who has lent money to Mokkaiyan, threatens and seeks immediate repayment if he does not accept this proposal.

Thavasi's father realises that his son is using the young children as bait and takes away the children with him one night. However, he is caught by Thavasi, who, motivated by Chellamuthu, burns his father to death. Thavasi takes the children away and forces Karuthamma to come with him to their village to marry him. Shocked with all this, Mokkaiyan consumes poison and is on his deathbed.

When Rosy expresses her love to Stephen, he gets surprised and states that he loves Karuthamma. Rosy is shocked as she was keen to marry him and decides to move away from the village. When the villagers ask her to treat Mokkaiyan, who is fighting for his life, she does not as she is keen to leave. When her father Soosai arrives, Mooli realises that he is the same person who took Mokkiayan's third daughter. Mooli reveals to Rosy that Mokkaiyan is her real father, and Soosai also confirms it. Rosy treats Mokkaiyan, who now realises his mistake of killing female infants without realising their worth.

Karuthamma, on the eve of her wedding, demands to see the children taken away earlier by Thavasi's father. However, Thavasi is unable to show his children (as they were taken by Chellamuthu to use them as bait to force himself on Karuthamma). That night, Chellamuthu makes Thavasi drunk and asks him to spare Karuthamma for that night. Thavasi agrees in a drunken state, which is overheard by Karuthamma, who also learns that Thavasi had killed his own father. When Chellamuthu goes to meet Karuthamma, she is well prepared to meet him. She murders him and then Thavasi. After saving Ponnatha's children, who were locked inside a box, she returns to her village. Realising that Rosy is her own sister, Karuthamma asks her to look after the children and their father and leaves with the police. Stephen decides to wait for her.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Raja (Tamil actor)|Raja]] as Stephen<ref name="cast" />
* [[Rajashree (actress)|Rajashree]] as Karuthamma<ref name="cast" />
* [[Maheswari]] as Rosy<ref name="cast" />
* [[Saranya Ponvannan|Saranya]] as Ponnatha<ref name="cast" />
* [[Periyar Dasan]] as Mokkaiyan<ref name="cast" />
* Kamala Sekhar as Chellamuthu{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=337}}
* [[Janagaraj]] as Kaliamma's husband{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=337}}
* [[Vadivelu]] as Sevalaikaalai
* [[Ponvannan]] as Thavasi<ref name="cast" />
* [[Vadivukkarasi]] as Kaliamma<ref name="cast" />
* [[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Mooli<ref name="cast" />
* Vaani as Mokkatha{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=336}}
* Theni K. Murugan as Sudalai
;Uncredited
* [[R. Sundarrajan]] as Soosai{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=336}}
* [[Theni Kunjarammal]] as a villager<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2008 |title=நடிகை தே‌னி கு‌ஞ்சரம்மா‌ள் உட‌ல் தகன‌‌ம்! |url=https://tamil.webdunia.com/regional-tamil-news/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E2%80%8C%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E2%80%8C%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E2%80%8C%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9F%E2%80%8C%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-108041800019_1.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250702085656/https://tamil.webdunia.com/regional-tamil-news/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E2%80%8C%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E2%80%8C%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E2%80%8C%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9F%E2%80%8C%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-108041800019_1.htm |archive-date=2 July 2025 |access-date=2 July 2025 |website=Webdunia |language=ta}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==
The film was titled after [[Bharathiraja]]'s mother.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=Who's who of Tamil film world congregate in city |url=http://timesofindia.com/city/madurai/Whos-who-of-Tamil-film-world-congregate-in-city/articleshow/18107898.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124125254/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/Whos-who-of-Tamil-film-world-congregate-in-city/articleshow/18107898.cms |archive-date=24 November 2020 |access-date=6 February 2017 |website=[[The Times of India]] |location=[[Madurai]]}}</ref> [[Periyar Dasan]], who worked as a professor in [[Pachaiyappa's College]], made his acting debut with this film, as did [[Rajashree (actress)|Rajashree]] and [[Maheswari]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2017 |title=சாதனை புரிந்த தமிழ் படங்கள் – 281 – எஸ்.கணேஷ் |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/22411 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201128120615/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/22411 |archive-date=28 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |place=Nellai |language=Ta}}</ref> Rajashree's voice was dubbed by [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2019 |title=''மகேஸ்வரிக்கும், எனக்கும் ஒரு பெரிய ஆசை... அதை பாரதிராஜா சார்கிட்ட சொன்னப்ப''-'கருத்தம்மா' ராஜஸ்ரீ |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/actress-rajashree-shares-her-experience-about-karuthamma-movie |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201128115515/https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/actress-rajashree-shares-her-experience-about-karuthamma-movie |archive-date=28 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> Kamala Sekhar, the film's art director, also portrayed the village chairman Chellamuthu.<ref name="IE review" /> Initially, Bharathiraja wanted to cast [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]]'s second daughter Anita as Rosy but Vijayakumar and her mother [[Manjula Vijayakumar]] refused because Anita wanted to study medicine; the role went to Maheswari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2024 |title=பாரதிராஜாவின் இந்த பிளாக்பஸ்டர் ஹிட் படம் அனிதா விஜயகுமார் நடிக்க வேண்டியதா? நல்ல சான்ஸை மிஸ் பண்ணிட்டாங்களே! |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/gallery/anitha-vijayakumar-is-the-first-choice-for-bharathiraja-karuthamma-movie-gan-sdij0m |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240607031233/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/gallery/anitha-vijayakumar-is-the-first-choice-for-bharathiraja-karuthamma-movie-gan-sdij0m%23image2 |archive-date=7 June 2024 |access-date=7 June 2024 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ta}}</ref> Although [[B. Kannan]] shot the film, his assistant [[Ilavarasu]] was credited as the film's cinematographer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2011 |title=Grill Mill: Ilavarasu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1111529.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306041209/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Grill-Mill-Ilavarasu/article15529078.ece |archive-date=6 March 2023 |access-date=6 October 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[A. R. Rahman]], with lyrics by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karuthamma |url=https://avdigital.in/products/karuthamma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615091231/https://avdigital.in/products/karuthamma |archive-date=15 June 2021 |access-date=28 November 2020 |website=AVdigital}}</ref> The film marked Rahman's second collaboration with Bharathiraja after ''[[Kizhakku Cheemayile]]'' (1993). As with ''Kizhakku Cheemayile'', the songs in ''Karuthamma'' gained Rahman notice for composing [[Indian folk music|folk music]], contrary to his reputation for composing westernised music.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yamunan |first=Sruthisagar |date=22 September 2018 |title=Audio master: AR Rahman's 1990 masterwork 'Thiruda Thiruda' is still stealing hearts |url=https://scroll.in/reel/893729/audio-master-ar-rahmans-1990-masterwork-thiruda-thiruda-is-still-stealing-hearts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615091328/https://scroll.in/reel/893729/audio-master-ar-rahmans-1990-masterwork-thiruda-thiruda-is-still-stealing-hearts |archive-date=15 June 2021 |access-date=28 November 2020 |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> The song "Poraale Ponnuthayi" is based on [[Mohanam]] raga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=16 September 2011 |title=A Raga's Journey – Magical Mohanam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-magical-mohanam/article2459174.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823084232/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-magical-mohanam/article2459174.ece |archive-date=23 August 2019 |access-date=17 November 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

The music of "Poraale Ponnuthayi" was reused for "Gurus of Peace" in the album ''Vande Mataram.''{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=337}}

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_music = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| all_lyrics = [[Vairamuthu]]
| title1 = Thenmerku Paruva Kaatru
| extra1 = [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 05:02
| title2 = Poraale Ponnuthayi
| note2 = Sad
| extra2 = [[Swarnalatha]]
| length2 = 06:22
| title3 = Poraale Ponnuthayi
| extra3 = [[Unni Menon]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
| length3 = 05:42
| title4 = Pacha Kili Paadum
| extra4 = [[Shahul Hameed]], [[Minmini]]
| length4 = 04:41
| title5 = Kaadu Potta Kaadu
| extra5 = [[Bharathiraja]], [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
| length5 = 05:33
| title6 = Araro Ariraro
| extra6 = [[T. K. Kala]], [[Theni Kunjarammal]], [[Deepan Chakravarthy]]
| length6 = 01:47
| title7 = Yaar Petha Pillai
| extra7 = [[P. Jayachandran|Jayachandran]]
| length7 = 02:03
}}

== Release ==
''Karuthamma'' was released on 3 November 1994.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=336}} The film received critical acclaim{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=60}} and became a commercial success, running for over 100 days in theatres.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=338}}

=== Critical reception ===
''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' mentioned in its review dated 4 December 1994, "Though the subject taken up was delicate, instead of making a documentary, the director has narrated the film, through visuals, which should be appreciated. Bharathiraja must be congratulated for making a heart-wrenching film on a delicate subject without lecturing us on the theme". The film was given 45 marks.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=338}} Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "''Karuthamma'' is a film that will move many a human heart."<ref name="IE review" /> K. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' wrote, "Bharathiraja returns to do what he is best at — telling stories about ordinary village people [...] And in ''Karuthamma'' he has a winner". He also praised the film's humour, a rare feature in Bharathiraja's films.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. |date=28 November 1994 |title=Powerful tale of female infanticide |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=McdOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VRMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3418%2C3254791 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823024325/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=McdOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VRMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3418,3254791 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |access-date=23 April 2021 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=29 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> Prince of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' lauded Bharathiraja for daring to depict such an atrocious social problem onscreen.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=பிரின்ஸ் |date=4 December 1994 |title=கருத்தம்மா |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1994/dec/04-12-1994/p1.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220915081115/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1994/dec/04-12-1994/p1.jpg |archive-date=15 September 2022 |access-date=26 October 2021 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=1 |language=Ta}}</ref>

=== Accolades ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Event
!Award
!Recipient
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[42nd National Film Awards|1994 National Film Awards]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
|[[Swarnalatha]] (for "Poraale Ponnuthaayi...")
| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=1995 |title=42nd National Film Festival |url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/75_42ndNfacatalogue.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725171953/http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/75_42ndNfacatalogue.pdf |archive-date=25 July 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyricist]]
|[[Vairamuthu]] (for "Poraale Ponnuthaayi...")
|-
|[[National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare|Best Film on Family Welfare]]
|[[Bharathiraja]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |1994 [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
|Swarnalatha (for "Poraale Ponnuthaayi...")
| rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=338}}
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
|Vairamuthu (for "Poraale Ponnuthaayi...")
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|[[Rajashree (actress)|Rajashree]]
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film Portraying Woman in Good Light]]
|Bharathiraja
|-
|[[42nd Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil|Best Film – Tamil]]
|Bharathiraja
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1995 |title=The 42nd Annual (South) Filmfare Awards |url=https://archive.org/details/42ndFilmfareTamilFilmsWinners |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170207141045/https://archive.org/details/42ndFilmfareTamilFilmsWinners |archive-date=7 February 2017 |access-date=27 November 2020 |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
|}

== Legacy ==
=== Societal impact ===
The first film to bring to light the menace of female infanticide on screen, ''Karuthamma'' forced the government at national and state levels to act against this practice and bring in suitable laws to curb it. It became a catalyst for this change in the society,{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=338}} and was instrumental in "making way for the ban on prenatal sexual identification".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundaram |first=Nandhu |date=19 July 2018 |title=Karuthamma, Nammavar, Kadhalan, Nattamai – Tamil cinema offered its best in the watershed year of 1994 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/karuthamma-nammavar-kadhalan-nattamai-tamil-cinema-offered-its-best-in-the-watershed-year-of-1994-4775931.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817212007/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/karuthamma-nammavar-kadhalan-nattamai-tamil-cinema-offered-its-best-in-the-watershed-year-of-1994-4775931.html |archive-date=17 August 2018 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>

=== In other films ===
The theme of ''Karuthamma'' found place in other Tamil films, especially in the form of comic scenes or comedy films. In ''[[Kadhal Sadugudu]]'' (2003), a character played by [[Theni Kunjarammal]] tries to kill a female child with poisoned milk. Super Subbu ([[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]]), who sees this, comically remarks that he has been seeing this from the days of ''Karuthamma''.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Kadhal Sadugudu |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=NIC Arts |year=2003}}{{time needed|date=June 2024}}</ref> Scenes from ''Karuthamma'' have also been parodied in ''[[Tamizh Padam]]'' (2010), in which the theme of female infanticide has been replaced with that of male infanticide. Periyar Dasan reprises his role from the original film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nathan |first=Archana |date=2 June 2018 |title=Flashback: CS Amudhan's spoof 'Tamizh Padam' is an honest (and a very funny) Tamil movie |url=https://scroll.in/reel/881053/flashback-cs-amudhans-spoof-thamizh-padam-is-an-honest-and-a-very-funny-tamil-movie |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810011531/https://scroll.in/reel/881053/flashback-cs-amudhans-spoof-thamizh-padam-is-an-honest-and-a-very-funny-tamil-movie |archive-date=10 August 2019 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2020 |title=10 Years of Tamizh Padam: 30 iconic Tamil movie scenes that the hilarious film spoofed |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2020/jan/29/10-years-of-thamizh-padam-30-iconic-tamil-movie-scenes-that-the-hilarious-film-spoofed-876.amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208080729/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2020/jan/29/10-years-of-thamizh-padam-30-iconic-tamil-movie-scenes-that-the-hilarious-film-spoofed-876.amp |archive-date=8 February 2022 |access-date=8 February 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="cast">{{Cite news |last=Ge |first=Krupa |date=16 July 2019 |title=Ms. Representation: Silver linings |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/columns/2019/jul/16/ms-representation-silver-linings-12987.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705215551/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/columns/2019/jul/16/ms-representation-silver-linings-12987.html |archive-date=5 July 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
<ref name="IE review">{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=11 November 1994 |title=Rocking the cradle |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=E5JlAAAAIBAJ&pg=1562%2C3762356 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823024325/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=E5JlAAAAIBAJ&pg=1562,3762356 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |access-date=20 September 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref>
</references>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013 |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |oclc=898765509}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |orig-date=1994}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Bharathiraja}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1990s feminist films]]
[[Category:1994 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1994 drama films]]
[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:1994 Indian films]]
[[Category:Best Film on Family Welfare National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Films about mother–daughter relationships]]
[[Category:Films about sex selection in India]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bharathiraja]]
[[Category:Films scored by A. R. Rahman]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Bharathiraja]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian feminist films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Buhalipal

2026-04-09T18:22:52Z

Rudratree: Started Initial Biography V1 - done

{{No footnotes|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Buhalipal Village, Odisha
| official_name = Buhalipal
| settlement_type = [[Category:Lists of villages in India]]
| image_skyline =
| image_flag = Seal of Odisha.svg
| anthem = [[Bande Utkala Janani|Bandē Utkaḷa Jananī]]
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|20.640640|85.358183|display=inline, title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of states and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Dhenkanal]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dhenkanal District|Hindol]]
| founder = [[Government of Odisha]]
| named_for = For the hardworking people
| government_type = [[Panchayat Raj]]
| governing_body = Hindol Assembly constituency
| leader_party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| area_water_percent = 95.32%
| area_rural_ha = 2428.114
| length_km = 15.59
| population_total = 4000
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 759021
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{langx|od|ଓଡ଼ିଆ}}
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Odia Language|Odia]]
| translit_lang1_info2 = {{langx|hi|हिंदी}}
| translit_lang1_type2 = [[Hindi Language|Hindi]]
}}

'''Buhalipal''' is a village located in the [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]] district of [[Odisha]], India. It is surrounded by several villages, including Analabeda, Pasasing, Bidyadharapur, Kunua, Padhani, and Bankatia. The nearest market is in [[Rasol, Odisha|Rasol]], which is 5 km away from the village.

== Geography ==
Buhalipal situated at 20°38'26.1"N 85°21'29.4"E. The total geographical area of the village is 2428.114 hectares. Buhalipal [[village]] is situated 21.6 kilometers from the [[Tehsil|sub-district]] headquarters in [[Hindol, Odisha|Hindol]], where the tehsildar office is located, and 38 kilometers from the [[district]] headquarters in Dhenkanal. According to data from 2009, Buhalipal is recognized as a gram [[Panchayati raj|panchayat]]. This village is an integral part of [[Hindol State]], which was established during the period of [[British Raj|British colonial rule]].

The village has a total population of 4,000 individuals, comprising 2,200 males and 1,800 females. The [[literacy]] rate in Buhalipal is 75%, with 79.33% of males and 60.5% of females being literate. The village consists of approximately 750 households. The designated [[pin code]] for Buhalipal is 759021. The village is predominantly [[Hindus|Hindu]], with the residents practicing [[Vaishnavism]]. There are two schools, Buhalipal Government [[Primary school|Primary School]] and Panchayat Government [[Secondary school|High School]].

The village is also home to various cricket facilities, including the JCC [[Ground (cricket)|Cricket Ground]] and the MBCC [[Football pitch|Football Field]], and a number of temples. [[Sapua Dam]] is located nearby.

== References ==
{{cleanup-references|date=February 2025}}
<references />

== External links==
* https://news.abplive.com/pincode/odisha/dhenkanal/buhalipal-pincode-759021.html
* https://www.rtiodisha.gov.in/pa/T1RILzE3LzExNDY5Lzk=
* https://www.ndtv.com/tools/pincodes/odisha/dhenkanal/buhalipal-bo
* https://www.google.com/maps/place/Buhalipal+B.O+ODISHA+india
* https://dhenkanal.odisha.gov.in/about-district/administrative-setup/village-panchayats
* https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/odisha/dhenkanal/buhalipal

[[Category:Villages in Dhenkanal district]]
[[Category:Panchayati raj (India)]]

Surya (2023 film)

2026-04-08T15:52:19Z

Rudratree:

{{Short description|2023 Marathi action drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Surya Marathi film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Hasnain Hyderabadwala
| screenplay = {{ubl|Vijay Kadam|Mangesh Thange|Mangesh Kedar|Hemant Edalabadkar}}
| story = Mangesh Thange
| producer = Reshma Mangesh Thange Rajendra Thakare Aakash Goel
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Prasad Mangesh
*[[Ruchita Jadhav]]
*[[Akhilendra Mishra]]
*[[Hemant Birje]]
*[[Uday Tikekar]]
*[[Pradeep Patwardhan]]
*[[Arun Nalawade]]
}}
| cinematography = Madhu S Rao
| editing = Rahul Bhatanka
| music = Dev Chouhan
| studio = SP Motion Pictures
| distributor = [[AA Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|01|06}}
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}

'''''Surya''''' is a 2023 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[Action film|action drama]] film directed by Hasnain Hyderabadwala and produced by SP Motion Pictures.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-26 |title=Marathi will get a new action hero from the movie Surya, who is he? |url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/actor-prasad-mangesh-will-seen-in-surya-marathi-movie-a590/ |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=Lokmat |language=mr-IN}}</ref> ''Surya'' was released in theaters on 6 January 2023. [[Hemant Birje]] of 1985 Hindi ''[[Adventures of Tarzan]]'' was made his Marathi film debut with this film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-16 |title='India's Tarzan' Hemant Birje Bags First Marathi Film, To Be Released On January 6 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/indias-tarzan-hemant-birje-bags-first-marathi-film-to-be-released-on-january-6-6632047.html |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Champak tries to pull off a crooked scheme with the help of [[Mumbai]] don Razak Bhai and his accomplices. But Surya's entire family dies trying to oppose them.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=SURYA BOX OFFICE COLLECTION, CAST, BUDGET, HIT OR FLOP |url=https://www.cinefry.co.in/surya-box-office/ |access-date= |website=Cinefry |date= 3 January 2023|language=}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* Prasad Mangesh as Surya
* [[Ruchita Jadhav]]
* [[Akhilendra Mishra]]
* [[Hemant Birje]]
* Prasad Mangesh
* Pankaj Vishnu
* [[Uday Tikekar]]
* [[Arun Nalawade]]
* Ganesh Yadav
* [[Pradeep Patwardhan]]
* Sanjivani Jadhav
* Raghuvendra Kadkol
* Deepjyoti Naik
* Hary Josh
* Pratap Borhade
* Amjad Qureshi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-15 |title='This' actor will play the role of a villain in the film 'Surya' |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/surya-marathi-movie-this-actors-will-play-character-of-villain-1121030 |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Surya
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Dev Chouhan
| released = 21 December 2022
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 23:58
| language = Marathi
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| year = 2022
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|NXW1cU_4hiQ|Surya - Full Album}}
}}
}}
Music is composed by Dev Chouhan and lyrics to the songs is given by Baba Chouhan, Santosh Darekar, Santosh Mishra, Dev Chouhan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaikwad |first=Tejashree Tanaji |title=Surya Movie: Surya! The attention-grabbing first look of the movie is released! It is a thrilling action movie |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/surya-movie-first-look-released-it-is-a-thrilling-action-movie-141666592745554.html |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref> Songs are recorded by [[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Raja Hasan]], [[Adarsh Shinde]], [[Mamta Sharma]], [[Neha Rajpal]], Kavita Nikamand and Khushboo Jain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surya Movie Music Launch: The music launch ceremony of the movie 'Surya' is full of romance and action |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/marathi/maharashtra/state/mumbai/surya-action-and-romance-movie-music-launch-ceremony/mh20221218121353198198101 |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=ETV Bharat News |date=18 December 2022 |language=mr}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| all_music = Dev Chouhan
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer (s)
| title1 = Guntata Guntata
| length1 = 4:00
| lyrics1 = Baba Chavan
| extra1 = Raja Hasan, Neha Rajpal
| title2 = Berang Jawani
| length2 = 5:13
| lyrics2 = Prashant Hedaoo
| extra2 = Adarsh Shinde, Kavita Ram, Khushboo Jain
| title3 = Mi Aahe Kolhapurchi
| length3 = 4:34
| lyrics3 = Sanjay Mishra
| extra3 = Khushboo Jain, Dev Chouhan
| title4 = Rapchik Kolinbai
| length4 = 4:48
| lyrics4 = Santosh Darekar, Mangesh Thange, Dev Chouhan
| extra4 = Mamta Sharma, Dev Chouhan
| title5 = Suryaa Suryaa
| length5 = 4:43
| lyrics5 = Baba Chavan
| extra5 = Sukhwinder Singh
| total_length = 23:58
}}

== Release ==
The film was theatrically released on 6 January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-23 |title=Surya Movie: 'सूर्या' चा फर्स्ट लुक रिलीज; चित्रपट 'या' दिवशी होणार प्रदर्शित |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/surya-movie-motion-poster-and-first-look-out-1113493 |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref>
== Reception ==
Anub George of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 1.5 out of 5, finding fault with the simplistic plot, stereotyped characters and acting.<ref>{{Citation |title=Surya Movie Review: A 1990 film unfolding in 2022 |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/surya/movie-review/96796222.cms |access-date=2023-01-11}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|22907680}}

[[Category:2023 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language action drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]

Pavi Caretaker

2026-04-02T16:30:36Z

Rudratree:

{{Short description|2024 Indian Malayalam comedy drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pavi Caretaker.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vineeth Kumar]]
| writer = Rajesh Raghavan
| producer = [[Dileep]]
| starring = Dileep [[Johny Antony]] [[Radhika Sarathkumar]]
| cinematography = Sanu Thahir
| editing = Deepu Joseph
| music = [[Midhun Mukundan]]
| studio = Grand Production
| distributor = Right Release through FEOUK
| released = {{film date|2024|04|26|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| gross = ₹7.98 crore <ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-15 |title='Pavi Caretaker' box office collections day 19: Dileep starrer struggles, mints only Rs 5 lakhs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pavi-caretaker-box-office-collections-day-19-dileep-starrer-struggles-mints-only-rs-5-lakhs/articleshow/110137704.cms |access-date=2026-03-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
}}

'''''Pavi Caretaker''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[comedy drama]] film directed by [[Vineeth Kumar]] and written by Rajesh Raghavan.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Pavi Caretaker': Dileep starrer to release on THIS date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pavi-caretaker-dileep-starrer-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/108514421.cms |access-date=2024-04-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903122510/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pavi-caretaker-dileep-starrer-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/108514421.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> It was produced by [[Dileep]] through Grand Production and stars himself in the title role.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=Dileep-starrer Pavi Care Taker to release on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Mar/15/dileep-starrer-pavi-care-taker-to-release-on-this-date |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316062837/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Mar/15/dileep-starrer-pavi-care-taker-to-release-on-this-date |url-status=live}}</ref> It also features [[Vineeth Kumar]], [[Johny Antony]], [[Radhika Sarathkumar]], and [[Dharmajan Bolgatty]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-16 |title=Malayalam Actor Dileep's Pavi Caretaker To Release On This Date |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/malayalam-actor-dileeps-pavi-caretaker-to-release-on-this-date-8817894.html |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408071842/https://www.news18.com/movies/malayalam-actor-dileeps-pavi-caretaker-to-release-on-this-date-8817894.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

It was released in theatres on 26 April 2024 to mixed reviews from critics leading to its average grosser in the box office.<ref name=":1" />

==Plot==
Pavi is an unmarried [[Janitor|caretaker]] in a residential apartment in [[Kerala]]. His life changes when he forms an unexpected bond, adding joy to his routine existence in a residential [[Apartment|complex]] amidst life's challenges.

Pavi spends most of his time in the building, often working double shifts including nighttime security duty to improve his financial situation. The irritating behaviours common among many middle-aged men have surfaced in him too and he's extremely nosy and believes the world revolves around him and the building. A short-tempered loner, Pavi finds solace in his pet dog, Bro, and his rented house where he sleeps during the daytime. Meanwhile, the house's owner, ex-cop Mariyamma (Radhika Sarathkumar), decides to rent out a portion of the top floor, where Pavi resides, despite his initial objections. Pavi, who has never met this person due to his night shift work, learns from Mariyamma that the tenant is a woman. He slowly begins communicating with her through notes left on their shared table, eventually developing feelings for her. However, a miscommunication leads to the woman moving out abruptly, leaving Pavi heartbroken and affecting his work performance, previously done flawlessly. Whether they will ever meet again forms the remaining part of the movie.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Dileep]] as Pavithran "Pavi", flat security and caretaker
* [[Johny Antony]] as Maathan, Pavi's flat security guard
* [[Radhika Sarathkumar]] as Mariyamma
* Shreya Rukmini as Janaki Vishwanathan
* [[Vineeth Kumar]] as Abhishek Krishna / Abhi, Janaki's husband
* Rosmin as Jeena
* Swathi Konde as Leena / Maya, Pavi's love interest (voiceover by Judith Ann Iype (in-person) and [[Anne Amie]] (letters only))
* Joohi Jayakumar as Malini
* Dilina Ramakrishnan as Sruthi
* [[Dharmajan Bolgatty]] as Ratheesh, Pavi's relative
* [[Spadikam George]] as Purushan TP
* Abishek Joseph George as Prince
* Jinu Ben as Jerry
* Sreepath as Appu
* Ajisha Prabhakaran as Usha
* Prof. Aliyar as Abdullah
* [[Indira Devi]] as Mollamma
* Rajesh Raghavan as Adv. Gireesh
* Rajkumar Rajasekharan
* Deepu G. Panicker as Pramosh
}}

==Release==
===Theatrical===
''Pavi Caretaker'' was released in theatres on 26 April 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Pavi Caretaker' teaser: Dileep starrer is a light-hearted entertainer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pavi-caretaker-teaser-dileep-starrer-is-a-light-hearted-entertainer/articleshow/107715365.cms |access-date=2024-04-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903122517/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pavi-caretaker-teaser-dileep-starrer-is-a-light-hearted-entertainer/articleshow/107715365.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
===Home media===
The digital rights of the film has been brought by [[ManoramaMAX]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=തിയറ്റര്‍ റിലീസില്‍ നിന്ന് 92 ദിനങ്ങള്‍; 'പവി കെയര്‍ടേക്കര്‍' ഒടിടിയിലേക്ക് |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/dileep-starrer-movie-pavi-caretaker-is-ready-for-ott-release-through-manorama-max-sgs2s9 |work=Asianet News |access-date=2024-07-18 |archive-date=2024-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717184601/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/dileep-starrer-movie-pavi-caretaker-is-ready-for-ott-release-through-manorama-max-sgs2s9 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Marketing===
Prior to release, [[Dileep]] promoted the film on the [[Mohanlal]] hosting TV show [[Bigg Boss (Malayalam TV series) season 6|''Bigg Boss'' (season 6)]]. He entered the Bigg Boss House on Day 47, met the contestants and shared the details about the film in a similar appearance of a press meet.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Malayalam 6: Apsara expresses crush on Dileep, actor jokes 'Why didn't you tell me earlier?' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/bigg-boss-malayalam-6-apsara-expresses-crush-on-dileep-actor-jokes-why-didnt-you-tell-me-earlier/articleshow/109755604.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=2024-05-01}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Critical reception===
The film generally received mixed reviews from critics.

Anna Mathews of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and called it "A typical Dileep comedy".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/pavi-caretaker/movie-review/109625743.cms |title=Pavi Caretaker Movie Review : A typical Dileep comedy |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2024-04-26 |access-date=2024-04-26 |archive-date=2024-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903122631/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/pavi-caretaker/movie-review/109625743.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Times Now]]'' Entertainment Desk called the film "A Hardcore Dileep Showcase That Entertains" and rated it 3.5 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pavi Caretaker Review: A Hardcore Dileep Showcase That Entertains |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/pavi-caretaker-review-a-hardcore-dileep-showcase-that-entertains-review-109624116}}</ref> Latha Srinivasan of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "It's time for Dileep to think up stories that can put him in the league of his contemporaries who are pushing the boundaries".<ref name="slapstick">{{Cite news |title=Dileep's slapstick comedy will appeal strictly to his fans |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/pavi-caretaker-review-dileep-s-slapstick-comedy-will-appeal-strictly-to-his-fans-101714209304107.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618134919/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/pavi-caretaker-review-dileep-s-slapstick-comedy-will-appeal-strictly-to-his-fans-101714209304107.html |archive-date=2024-06-18 |access-date=2024-05-03}}</ref>

Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 and wrote "Vineeth Kumar's Dileep-starrer proves that both the actor and filmmakers should cease attempting to resurrect the "vintage Dileep" and instead focus on creating something fresh."<ref name="abandon">{{Cite news |title=Pavi Caretaker movie review: Yet another example of why filmmakers and the actor should abandon attempts to resurrect the 'vintage Dileep' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/pavi-caretaker-review-dileep-should-abandon-attempts-to-resurrect-the-vintage-dileep-9291669/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621104700/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/pavi-caretaker-review-dileep-should-abandon-attempts-to-resurrect-the-vintage-dileep-9291669/ |archive-date=2024-06-21 |access-date=2024-04-29}}</ref> Vivek Santhosh of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film 1.5 out of 5 and wrote "For someone who previously directed ''[[Dear Friend (2022 film)|Dear Friend]]'', one of the best films of 2022, ''Pavi Caretaker'' is a serious downgrade for Vineeth Kumar as a filmmaker".<ref name="late">{{Cite news |title=Pavi Caretaker Movie Review: A jaded romantic comedy that came twenty years too late |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2024/Apr/26/pavi-caretaker-movie-review-a-jaded-romantic-comedy-that-came-twenty-years-too-late |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520131454/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2024/Apr/26/pavi-caretaker-movie-review-a-jaded-romantic-comedy-that-came-twenty-years-too-late |archive-date=2024-05-20 |access-date=2024-05-03}}</ref> Gayathri Krishna of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' gave a rating of 2.5/5 and wrote "Director Vineeth Kumar's attempt to bring back the beloved old-school Dileep has, for the most part, fallen flat due to a bland and prolonged narrative."<ref name="cliche">{{Cite news |title=Pavi Caretaker Review – The Dileep-starrer has every possible cliché from his earlier films |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/pavi-caretaker-review-the-dileep-starrer-has-every-possible-cliched-aspect-from-the-actors-prior-films/9d7689ffc8371 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503103523/https://www.ottplay.com/review/pavi-caretaker-review-the-dileep-starrer-has-every-possible-cliched-aspect-from-the-actors-prior-films/9d7689ffc8371 |archive-date=2024-05-03 |access-date=2024-05-03}}</ref>

===Box office===
Despite the film having very low shows on its opening day due to the [[2024 Indian general election|Lok Sabha election]], the film managed to collect {{currency|1.2|INR}} [[crore]].<ref>{{Cite news |title='Pavi Caretaker' box office collections day 1: Dileep's comedy-drama collects 95 Lakhs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pavi-caretaker-box-office-collections-day-1-dileeps-comedy-drama-collects-rs-95-lakhs/articleshow/109640118.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2024-04-27 |archive-date=2024-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427122302/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pavi-caretaker-box-office-collections-day-1-dileeps-comedy-drama-collects-rs-95-lakhs/articleshow/109640118.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Dileep's Malayalam movie registers a decent start |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/pavi-caretaker-box-office-collection-day-1-dileep-malayalam-movie-registers-a-decent-start-10156829 |website=English Jagram |access-date=2024-04-27 |archive-date=2024-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427122302/https://english.jagran.com/entertainment/pavi-caretaker-box-office-collection-day-1-dileep-malayalam-movie-registers-a-decent-start-10156829 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Pavi Caretaker Box Office Collection: Dileep starrer mints Rs 0.95 crore on day 1 |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/pavi-caretaker-box-office-collection-dileep-starrer-mints-rs-0-95-crore-on-day-1-check-rkn-sckyvg |website=[[Asianet News]] |access-date=2024-04-27 |archive-date=2024-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903122516/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/pavi-caretaker-box-office-collection-dileep-starrer-mints-rs-0-95-crore-on-day-1-check-rkn-sckyvg |url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt27369385}}

{{improve categories|date=April 2024}}

[[Category:2024 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2024 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language romantic comedy films]]

Nandan Jha

2026-03-31T21:37:41Z

Rudratree: Put up first info from scratch

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nandan Jha
| image = File:Nandan Jha Speech at Vigyan Bhawan.jpg
| caption = Jha in 2018 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1981|03|15}}
| birth_place = [[Jamshedpur]]
| other_names = Nandan Kumar Jha
| known_for = Journalism
| notable_works = [[National Bravery Award]] and [[Jeevan Raksha Padak]] Winner, Founder of [[Champions of Change (award)|Champions of change Award]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Vice President Venkaiah Naidu addresses the gathering in Champions of Change 2018 Awards |website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jieIHX49_ro&feature=youtu.be}}</ref> Founder of Power Corridors<ref>{{cite web |last1=Corridors |first1=Power |title=Gandhi Mandela Award for excellence |url=https://www.powercorridors.in/politics/gandhi-mandela-award-for-excellence- |website=powercorridors.in |language=en |access-date=23 May 2020 |archive-date=3 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003145922/https://www.powercorridors.in/politics/gandhi-mandela-award-for-excellence- |url-status=dead }}</ref> & [[Panchayati Times]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Corridors |first1=Power |title=Vice-President distributes, Champions of Change Awards and launched Power Corridors Magazine, Hindi from Vigyan Bhawan |url=https://www.powercorridors.in/newsdetail.php?id=53 |website=powercorridors.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=VP Naidu confers 'Champions of Change' award to Manipur CM - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/vp-naidu-confers-champions-of-change-award-to-manipur-cm/articleshow/67260678.cms |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Founder of [[Gandhi Mandela Awards]]
|spouse = Dr Payal Gawande
| website = {{URL|http://nandanjha.in}}
}}

'''Nandan Jha''' (born 1981) is an Indian businessman. He is the chairman of Interactive Forum on Indian Economy, and the founder & Secretary General of Gandhi Mandela Foundation & initiated [[Gandhi Mandela Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |title=GMA-2019 – Gandhi Mandela Award-2019 |url=http://www.gmaaward.com |website=gmaaward.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=IFIE – Intractive Forum on Indian economy |url=https://www.ifie.info |website=ifie}}</ref>Jha is also the founder of the [[Champions of Change (award)]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=टाइम्स |first1=पंचायती |title=चैंपियन ऑफ चेंज अवार्ड से सम्मानित होंगे हेमंत सोरेन |url=https://www.panchayatitimes.com/newsdetail.php?id=1147 |website=www.panchayatitimes.com |language=en}}</ref>

Jha is also the founder and CEO of “Power Corridors” a monthly news magazine and [[Panchayati Times]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Vice President's Secretariat |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1557405 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Good Governance and Reforms must empower the last man in the queue: Vice President presents Champions of Change Awards 2018 {{!}} Vice President of India {{!}} Government of India |url=https://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/pressrelease/good-governance-and-reforms-must-empower-last-man-queue-vice-president-presents |website=vicepresidentofindia.nic.in}}</ref> a Digital news portal carrying rural India’s voice and followed by Hon’ble [[Prime Minister of India]] and several Union Ministers of India.<ref>{{cite web |title=VP Venkaiah Naidu confers Champion of Change Awards |website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3GUKAy0Hbk&feature=youtu.be}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Power Corridors |url=https://www.powercorridors.in |website=powercorridors.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=पंचायती टाइम्स |url=https://www.panchayatitimes.com |website=panchayatitimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=IFIE |url=https://www.ifie.info |website=ifie.info}}</ref>

At the age of 17, Jha, with his courage and bravery, saved lives of a family and is a [[National Bravery Award]] and [[Jeevan Raksha Padak]] winner for the same. Achieving the idol for bravery was not a stop for him, he continued to serve the society with his organizations and initiated national awards for recognizing the efforts of those who work for social development & welfare.<ref name='HT'/><ref name='PM'/>

==Career==
Jha was associated with [[EaseMyTrip]] as the Chief Operating Officer<ref>{{cite web |title=Nandan Jha joins EaseMyTrip as COO |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/51857_Nandan-Jha-joins-EaseMyTrip-as-COO |website=afaqs.com |date=23 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=EaseMyTrip Appointed Nandan Jha as COO of the Company |url=https://www.easemytrip.com/press-releases/ease-my-trip-appointed-coo-of-the-company.html |website=easemytrip.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=PM presents bravery awards|work=TOI Delhi|agency=[[Times of India]]|date=24 Jan 1998|page=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=आदित्यपुर के नंदन झा को मिला राष्ट्रपति का जीवन रक्षा पदक पुरस्कार|work=[[Amar Ujala]]|agency=Amar Ujala|date=23 Jan 1998|page=3}}</ref> and before that he worked as a Chief Operating Officer in [[News World India]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Organiser|year=1998|publisher=Bharat Prakashan.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdU-AQAAIAAJ&q=%22Nandan+Kumar+Jha%22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Network|first1=Canara News Media|title=Nandan Jha's, a close RRS aide's wedding attended by who's who of RSS & BJP|url=http://canaranews.com/news/entertainment/Nandan-Jhasa-close-RRS-aides-wedding-attended-by-whos-who-of-RSS-BJP/|work=canaranews.com|language=en}}</ref> He initially was associated with [[Sahara India Pariwar|Sahara India]] as a Consultant of Corporate Communications for more than a decade.<ref>{{cite news|title='न्यूज वर्ल्ड इंडिया' में नंदन कुमार झा का हुआ प्रमोशन, अब संभालेंगे ये अहम जिम्मेदारी...|url=http://samachar4media.com/nandan-jha-has-been-promoted-in-news-world-india-as-coo|work=@samachar4media|archive-date=6 August 2017|access-date=1 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806023701/http://samachar4media.com/nandan-jha-has-been-promoted-in-news-world-india-as-coo|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=राष्ट्रपति से पुरस्कृत हो सकेगा आदित्यपुर का नंदन|work=Punjab Kesari|agency=[[Punjab Kesari]]|date=20 Jan 1998}}</ref>

==Awards==
Nandan Jha is [[National Bravery Award]] and [[Jeevan Raksha Padak]] awards winner for his courage and promptitude in saving life under circumstances.
*[[National Bravery Award]] in 1997 by Prime Minister of India [[Inder Kumar Gujral]]<ref name='HT'>{{cite news|title=Bravery Award winners felicitate|work=Hindustan Times|agency=HT Media|date=2 Jan 1998|page=4}}</ref>
*[[Jeevan Raksha Padak]] Award in 1998 by President of India [[K. R. Narayanan]]<ref name='PM'>{{cite journal|title=जमशेदपुर शाखा के मुख्य शिक्षक को राष्ट्रपति का बहादुरी पुरस्कार|journal=[[Panchjanya Magazine]]|date=20 March 1998|pages=11}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jha, Nandan}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Journalists from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:People from Jamshedpur]]

East Asia Summit

2026-03-29T11:41:43Z

Rudratree: slightly rework article for consistency additionally and improved wording

{{Short description|Annual ASEAN meeting since 2005}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
[[File:Member and candidate states of the East Asian Summit.svg|300px|thumb|Map of EAS members and candidates
{{legend|#050554|Original Members}}
{{legend|#32a507|Members from the 6th EAS}}
{{legend|#cc883e|Candidates}}]]
[[File:A session of the 10th East Asia Summit (EAS).png|thumb|right|upright=1.15|A session of the 10th East Asia Summit, 2015.]]
{{Politics of ASEAN}}

The '''East Asia Summit''' ('''EAS''') is a regional forum held annually by leaders of, initially, 16 countries in the [[East Asia]]n, [[Southeast Asia]]n, [[South Asia]]n and [[Oceania]]n regions, based on the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations#ASEAN_Plus_Six|ASEAN Plus Six mechanism]]. Membership expanded to 18 countries including [[Russia]] and the [[United States]] at the [[Sixth East Asia Summit|Sixth EAS]] in 2011. Since its establishment, [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]] has held the central role and leadership in the forum. EAS meetings are held after the annual ASEAN leaders' meetings, and plays an important role in the regional architecture of [[Asia-Pacific]]. The first summit was held in [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] on 14 December 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sgdirectory.com/places-of-interest/|title=Places of Interest Archives}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About {{!}} EAS {{!}} ASEAN India |url=http://mea.gov.in/aseanindia/about-eas.htm |website=mea.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
=== History prior to the first East Asia Summit ===
The concept of an East Asia Grouping has significant history going back to an idea first promoted in 1991 by then Malaysian Prime Minister [[Mahathir Mohamad]].

The final report in 2002 of the East Asian Study Group, established by the [[ASEAN#ASEAN_Plus_Three|ASEAN Plus Three]] countries, was based on an EAS involving ASEAN Plus Three, therefore not involving [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], or [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aseansec.org/viewpdf.asp?file=/pdf/easg.pdf|title=Report of the East Asian Study Group|website=aseansec.org|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708020825/http://www.aseansec.org/viewpdf.asp?file=%2Fpdf%2Feasg.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The EAS as proposed was to be an [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]-led development, with the [[Summit (meeting)|summit]] to be linked to [[ASEAN Summit|ASEAN summit meetings]]. However, the issue was to which countries beyond those in ASEAN the EAS was to be extended.

The decision to hold the EAS was reached during the 2004 ASEAN Plus Three summit and the initial 16 members determined at the ASEAN Plus Three Ministerial Meeting held in [[Laos]] at the end of July 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.heritage.org/Press/Commentary/ed081805a.cfm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060603004508/http://www.heritage.org/Press/Commentary/ed081805a.cfm|url-status=unfit|title=First appeared in The Asian Wall Street Journal – Watching the East Asia Summit|archivedate=3 June 2006}}</ref>

Credit for advancing the forum during the 2004 ASEAN Plus Three summit has been attributed to [[Malaysia]].<ref name="discord">{{cite web|url=http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/east-asia-summit-more-discord-accord|title=The East Asia Summit: More Discord than Accord – YaleGlobal Online|website=yaleglobal.yale.edu|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414122413/http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/east-asia-summit-more-discord-accord|archive-date=14 April 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Annual summits===
{| class="wikitable"
! #
! Date
! Country
! Host
! Host leader
! Note
|-
| [[First East Asia Summit|'''1st''']]
| 14 December 2005
| {{flag|Malaysia}}
| [[Kuala Lumpur]]
| Prime Minister [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]]
| Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] attended the summit as guest.
|-
| [[Second East Asia Summit|'''2nd''']]
| 15 January 2007
| {{flag|Philippines}}
| [[Mandaue]]
| President [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]]
| Rescheduled from 13 December 2006 due to [[Typhoon Utor (2006)|Typhoon Seniang]]. [[Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security]]
|-
| [[Third East Asia Summit|'''3rd''']]
| 21 November 2007
| {{flag|Singapore}}
| Singapore
| Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
| Singapore Declaration on Climate Change, Energy and the Environment<ref name=autogenerated1>{{usurped|1=[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120513210651/http://www.aseansec.org/21116.htm Singapore Declaration on Climate Change, Energy and the Environment]}}</ref> Agreed to establish [[Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia]]
|-
| [[Fourth East Asia Summit|'''4th''']]
| 25 October 2009
| {{flag|Thailand}}
| [[Cha-am]] & [[Hua Hin]]
| Prime Minister [[Abhisit Vejjajiva]]
| Thailand was initially to host the summit in 2008. It was announced in late October 2008 that the summit would be shifted from [[Bangkok]] to [[Chiang Mai]] due to concerns about political unrest in [[Bangkok]].<ref>[http://sg.news.yahoo.com/afp/20081029/tap-thailand-protest-politics-asean-summ-c8d5519.html]{{dead link|date=September 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
|-
| [[Fifth East Asia Summit|'''5th''']]
| 30 October 2010
| {{flag|Vietnam}}
| [[Hanoi]]
| President [[Nguyễn Minh Triết]]
| The [[United States Secretary of State]] and the [[Foreign Minister of Russia]] attended. The [[United States]] and [[Russia]] to join the summit at the [[Sixth East Asia Summit|Sixth EAS]].
|-
| [[Sixth East Asia Summit|'''6th''']]
| 18–19 November 2011
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
| [[Bali]]
| President [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]
| The [[United States]] and [[Russia]] joined the summit.
|-
| [[Seventh East Asia Summit|'''7th''']]
| 19–20 November 2012
| {{flag|Cambodia}}
| [[Phnom Penh]]
| Prime Minister [[Hun Sen]]
| The ongoing tensions arising from the [[territorial disputes in the South China Sea]] and [[East China Sea#EEZ disputes|East China Sea]] overshadowed the effort to advance the trade and economic arrangements between members of the summit.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/20/obama-asian-leaders-tensions|title=Obama urges Asian leaders to step back from territorial disputes|first=Tania|last=Branigan|date=20 November 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022031/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/20/obama-asian-leaders-tensions|archive-date=7 November 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| [[Eighth East Asia Summit|'''8th''']]
| 9–10 October 2013
| {{flag|Brunei}}
| [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]
| Sultan [[Hassanal Bolkiah]]
|
|-
| [[Ninth East Asia Summit|'''9th''']]
| 12–13 November 2014
| {{flag|Myanmar}} (Burma)
| [[Nay Pyi Taw]]
| President [[Thein Sein]]
|
|-
| [[Tenth East Asia Summit|'''10th''']]
| 21–22 November 2015
| {{flag|Malaysia}}
| [[Kuala Lumpur]]
| Prime Minister [[Najib Razak]]
|
|-
| [[Eleventh East Asia Summit|'''11th''']]
| 6–8 September 2016
| {{flag|Laos}}
| [[Vientiane]]
| Prime Minister [[Thongloun Sisoulith]]
|
|-
| [[Twelfth East Asia Summit|'''12th''']]
| 13–14 November 2017
| {{flag|Philippines}}
| [[Pasay]]
| President [[Rodrigo Duterte]]
| [[Prime Minister of Canada|Canadian Prime Minister]] [[Justin Trudeau]] attended the summit as a guest.
|-
| [[Thirteenth East Asia Summit|'''13th''']]
| 14–15 November 2018
| {{flag|Singapore}}
| Singapore
| Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
| Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] attended the event.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.connectedtoindia.com/singapore-to-host-13th-east-asia-summit-in-november-3825.html|title=Singapore to host 13th East Asia Summit in November|date=23 March 2018|work=Connected to India|access-date=23 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Fourteenth East Asia Summit|'''14th''']]
| 4 November 2019
| {{flag|Thailand}}
| [[Bangkok]]
| Prime Minister [[Prayut Chan-o-cha]]
|
|-
| [[Fifteenth East Asia Summit|'''15th''']]
| 14 November 2020
| {{flag|Vietnam}}
| [[Hanoi]] ''(as Chair's venue)''
| Prime Minister [[Nguyễn Xuân Phúc]]
| The summit was held online due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Asia|COVID-19 pandemic]] and hosted by Vietnam, where the summit was initially scheduled to take place.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ha Noi Declaration on the 15th Anniversary of the East Asia Summit |url=https://asean.org/ha-noi-declaration-15th-anniversary-east-asia-summit/ |access-date=November 19, 2020 |work=Association of Southeast Asian Nations |date=November 15, 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sixteenth East Asia Summit|'''16th''']]
| 26–27 October 2021
| {{flag|Brunei}}
| [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] ''(as Chair's venue)''
| Sultan [[Hassanal Bolkiah]]
| The summit was held online due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Asia|COVID-19 pandemic]] and hosted by Brunei, where the summit was initially scheduled to take place. Since 2021, Myanmar [[State Administration Council|junta leaders]] have been excluded from the summit following the [[2021 Myanmar coup d'état|2021 coup d'état]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/business-asia-myanmar-global-trade-southeast-asia-1d13990a105ed6e79fb04beb70f978ef |title=ASEAN downgrades Myanmar presence in summit in major rebuke |last=Ng |first=Eileen |date=16 October 2021 |website= |publisher=AP News |access-date=16 October 2021 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/asean-chair-brunei-confirms-junta-leader-not-invited-summit-2021-10-16/ |title=ASEAN excludes Myanmar junta leader from summit in rare move |last=Bandial |first=Ain |date=16 October 2021 |website= |publisher=Reuters |access-date=16 October 2021 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/16/asia/asean-excludes-myanmar-junta-intl-hnk/index.html |title=Myanmar junta 'extremely disappointed' over leader's exclusion from ASEAN summit |last=Wang |first=Philip |date=16 October 2021 |website= |publisher=CNN |access-date=16 October 2021 |quote=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Seventeenth East Asia Summit|'''17th''']]
| 12–13 November 2022
| {{flag|Cambodia}}
| [[Phnom Penh]]
| Prime Minister [[Hun Sen]]
| The [[European Union]] and [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] attended the summit as guests.
|-
| [[Eighteenth East Asia Summit|'''18th''']]
| 6–7 September 2023
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
| [[Jakarta]]
| President [[Joko Widodo]]
|
|-
| [[Nineteenth East Asia Summit|'''19th''']]
| 10–11 October 2024
| {{flag|Laos}}
| [[Vientiane]]
| Prime Minister [[Sonexay Siphandone]]
|
|-
| [[Twentieth East Asia Summit|'''20th''']]
| 26–28 October 2025
| {{flag|Malaysia}}
| [[Kuala Lumpur]]
| Prime Minister [[Anwar Ibrahim]]
|
|-
| [[Twenty-first East Asia Summit|'''21st''']]
| 2026
| {{flag|Philippines}}
| [[Manila]]
| President [[Bongbong Marcos]]
|
|}

===Early summits===
{{Main|First East Asia Summit|Second East Asia Summit}}
Prior to the first meeting there was significant discussion as to which countries should be represented.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=76332|title= Mahathir blasts Australia over summit |website=Nine MSN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619183728/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=76332 |archive-date=19 June 2006 |access-date=7 May 2018}}</ref> At the time there were difficulties in the relationship between the "Plus Three" members (i.e. Japan, China and South Korea) of [[ASEAN Free Trade Area#ASEAN Plus Three|ASEAN Plus Three]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bowring.net/easiasummit.htm|title=An Asian Union? Not yet – Editorials & Commentary – International Herald Tribune|first=Philip|last=Bowring|website=bowring.net|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181030/http://www.bowring.net/easiasummit.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and the perception that India and Australia and to a lesser extent New Zealand were present to balance the growing China power<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.people.com.cn/200512/07/eng20051207_226350.html|title=People's Daily Online – East Asia Summit: in the shadow of sharp divisions|last=|website=english.people.com.cn|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009013107/http://english.people.com.cn/200512/07/eng20051207_226350.html|archive-date=9 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> all meant the first meeting's achievements were limited. Russia expressed early interest in EAS membership and attended the first EAS as an observer at the invitation of 2005 EAS host Malaysia.

The next EAS was to be held on 13 December 2006 in [[Metro Cebu]], Philippines. After the confidence building of the inaugural EAS the 2006 EAS will help to define the future role of the EAS, its relationship with ASEAN Plus Three and the involvement of Russia in EAS. However, in the face of Tropical [[2006 Pacific typhoon season#Typhoon Utor (Seniang)|Typhoon Utor]] the summit was postponed until January 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/net/2006/12/13/asean.summit.shelved.effectively..html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101130705/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/net/2006/12/13/asean.summit.shelved.effectively..html|url-status=dead|title=Sun Star – Asean summit shelved 'effectively'?|website=[[SunStar]] |archivedate=1 January 2007}}</ref> It was rescheduled for 15 January 2007, approximately a month after the original scheduled date.

===Internal issues===
{{Main|Third East Asia Summit|Fourth East Asia Summit}}
Internal [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]] issues were significant for the next Summits. The issues of [[Myanmar]] (Burma), following the [[Saffron Revolution|2007 Burmese anti-government protests]], and [[climate change]] were expected to be discussed at the Third EAS. Myanmar successfully blocked formal discussion of its internal affairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/specialreport/news/312568_51/1/.html|title=ASEAN stands ready to help Myanmar: Singapore PM Lee|website=Channel News Asia|access-date=7 May 2018|archive-date=14 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014201428/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/specialreport/news/312568_51/1/.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The summit did issue the Singapore Declaration on Climate Change, Energy and the Environment.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

The Summit also agreed to the establishment of the [[Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia]] and to receive the final report on the [[Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia]] at the [[Fourth East Asia Summit|Fourth EAS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aseansec.org/21127.htm|title=Chairman's Statement of the 3rd East Asia Summit Singapore, 21 November 2007 – Paragraphs 13 and 14|website=aseansec.org|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521115217/http://www.aseansec.org/21127.htm|archive-date=21 May 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The outcomes are summarised in the {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130521115217/http://www.aseansec.org/21127.htm Chairman's Statement of the 3rd East Asia Summit Singapore, 21 November 2007.]}}

The [[Fourth East Asia Summit|Fourth EAS]] was significantly delayed and its location changed a number of times due to internal tensions in Thailand, the host nation. In the lead up to the summit there were several [[2008–2013 Cambodian–Thai border crisis#April 2009|border clashes]] between Thailand and Cambodia. The summit however is said to be used as an opportunity for discussions on the sidelines between the respective nation's leaders.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/world/22368-thai-cambodian-pms-to-meet-to-defuse-tension |title=Thai, Cambodian PMS to meet to defuse tension |access-date=2009-04-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412100354/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/world/22368-thai-cambodian-pms-to-meet-to-defuse-tension |archive-date=12 April 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The summit was cancelled following protesters taking over the summit's venue on the day of the summit.<ref name="edition.cnn.com">{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/04/12/thailand.protests/index.html|title=Thai riot police clash with protesters.com|publisher=CNN|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224219/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/04/12/thailand.protests/index.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was rescheduled and held on 25 October 2009. The summit adopted statements on disaster relief and the [[Nalanda University]].

===Growth of the Summit===
{{Main|Fifth East Asia Summit|Sixth East Asia Summit|Seventh East Asia Summit}}
After a period of review, the Summit grew from 16 to 18 nations by adding the United States and Russia to the Summit. Initially represented by their Foreign Ministers at the Fifth EAS, the two new members were invited to formally join with the Sixth EAS. Tensions between the members of the Summit continued to impede the members developing a more ambitious program.

== Member nations ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Countries
!Official name in English
!Capital City
!Leader Position
!Head of Government
!Head of State
|-
|{{Flag|Australia}}
|Commonwealth of Australia
|[[Canberra]]
|[[Prime Minister of Australia]]
|[[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] [[Anthony Albanese]]
|[[Charles III]], [[King of Australia]]
|-
|{{Flag|Brunei}}
|Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace
|[[Bandar Seri Begawan]]
|[[Sultan of Brunei]]
| colspan="2" |[[Hassanal Bolkiah]], [[Sultan of Brunei]]
|-
|{{Flag|Cambodia}}
|Kingdom of Cambodia
|[[Phnom Penh]]
|[[Prime Minister of Cambodia]]
|[[Prime Minister of Cambodia|Prime Minister]] [[Hun Manet]]
|[[Norodom Sihamoni]], [[King of Cambodia]]
|-
|{{Flag|China}}
|People's Republic of China
|[[Beijing]]
|[[Premier of the People's Republic of China]]
|[[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier]] [[Li Qiang]]
|[[Xi Jinping]], [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|CCP General Secretary]] and [[President of China]]{{efn|name=China|The ''de jure'' [[head of government]] of China is the [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier]], whose current holder is [[Li Qiang]]. The [[President of the People's Republic of China|President of China]] is legally a [[figurehead|ceremonial office]], but the [[paramount leader]] has always held this office since 1993 except for the months of [[Succession of power in the People's Republic of China|transition]], and the current paramount leader is President [[Xi Jinping]].}}
|-
|{{Flag|India}}
|Republic of India
|[[New Delhi]]
|[[Prime Minister of India]]
|[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]]
|[[Droupadi Murmu]], [[President of India]]
|-
|{{Flag|Indonesia}}
|Republic of Indonesia
|[[Jakarta]]
|[[President of Indonesia]]
| colspan="2" |[[Prabowo Subianto]], [[President of Indonesia]]
|-
|{{Flag|Japan}}
|Japan
|[[Tokyo]]
|[[Prime Minister of Japan]]
|[[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]] [[Sanae Takaichi]]
|[[Naruhito]], [[Emperor of Japan]]
|-
|{{Flag|Laos}}
|Lao People's Democratic Republic
|[[Vientiane]]
|[[Prime Minister of Laos]]
|[[Prime Minister of Laos|Prime Minister]] [[Sonexay Siphandone]]
|[[Thongloun Sisoulith]], [[General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party|General Secretary]] and [[President of Laos]]
|-
|{{Flag|Malaysia}}
|Malaysia
|[[Kuala Lumpur]]
|[[Prime Minister of Malaysia]]
|[[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Prime Minister]] [[Anwar Ibrahim]]
|[[Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor]], [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] (Monarch)
|-
|{{Flag|Myanmar}}
|Republic of the Union of Myanmar
|[[Naypyidaw]]
|[[Prime Minister of Myanmar]]
|[[Prime Minister of Myanmar|Prime Minister]] [[Nyo Saw]]
|[[Min Aung Hlaing]], [[President of Myanmar|Acting President of Myanmar]]
|-
|{{Flag|New Zealand}}
|New Zealand
|[[Wellington]]
|[[Prime Minister of New Zealand]]
|[[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] [[Christopher Luxon]]
|[[Charles III]], [[King of New Zealand]]
|-
|{{Flag|Philippines}}
|Republic of the Philippines
|[[Manila]]
|[[President of the Philippines]]
| colspan="2" |[[Bongbong Marcos]], [[President of the Philippines]]
|-
|{{Flag|Russia}}
|Russian Federation
|[[Moscow]]
|[[Prime Minister of Russia]]
|[[Prime Minister of Russia|Prime Minister]] [[Mikhail Mishustin]]
|[[Vladimir Putin]], [[President of Russia]]
|-
|{{Flag|Singapore}}
|Republic of Singapore
|[[Singapore]]
|[[Prime Minister of Singapore]]
|[[Prime Minister of Singapore|Prime Minister]] [[Lawrence Wong]]
|[[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]], [[President of Singapore]]
|-
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|Republic of Korea
|[[Seoul]]
|[[President of South Korea]]
|colspan="2" |[[Lee Jae Myung]], [[President of South Korea]]
|-
|{{Flag|Thailand}}
|Kingdom of Thailand
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Prime Minister of Thailand]]
|[[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] [[Anutin Charnvirakul]]<ref name="AnutinThaiPrimeMinisterPremiershipAssumption">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/thailands-new-prime-minister-takes-office/a-73908316|title=Thailand's new prime minister takes office |work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=7 September 2025|access-date=9 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="ThaiRoyalEndorsementAnutinThaiPMAssumption">{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/thailand-pm-paetongtarn-court-ruling-decision-hun-sen-cambodia-5321511|title=Thai tycoon Anutin Charnvirakul takes office as PM after royal endorsement|work=[[CNA (TV network)|CNA]]|date=7 September 2025|access-date=9 September 2025}}</ref>
|[[Vajiralongkorn]] (Rama X), [[King of Thailand]]
|-
|{{Flag|United States}}
|United States of America
|[[Washington, D.C.]]
|[[President of the United States]]
| colspan="2" |[[Donald Trump]], [[President of the United States]]
|-
|{{Flag|Vietnam}}
|Socialist Republic of Vietnam
|[[Hanoi]]
|[[Prime Minister of Vietnam]]
|[[Prime Minister of Vietnam|Prime Minister]] [[Phạm Minh Chính]]
|[[Tô Lâm]], [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam|General Secretary of the Communist Party]] [[Lương Cường]], [[President of Vietnam]]{{efn|name=Vietnam|The actual [[head of government|head of the executive government]] of [[Vietnam]] is the [[Prime Minister of Vietnam|Prime Minister]], whose current holder is [[Phạm Minh Chính]]. The [[President of Vietnam]] is legally the [[head of state]], but the [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam]] (practical highest political leader in a [[One-party state|one-party]] [[communist state]]) is being [[Tô Lâm]].}}
|}

===Current leaders of the East Asia Summit===
<gallery class="center" widths="145">
File:Anthony Albanese portrait (cropped).jpg|{{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[Australia]]''' [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] '''[[Anthony Albanese]]'''
File:His Majesty Bolkiah 20231216.jpg|{{flagicon|BRU}} '''[[Brunei]]''' [[Sultan of Brunei|Sultan]] '''[[Hassanal Bolkiah]]'''
File:Hun Manet on May 30, 2025 (cropped 2).jpg|{{flagicon|CAM}} '''[[Cambodia]]''' [[Prime Minister of Cambodia|Prime Minister]] '''[[Hun Manet]]'''
File:Li Qiang meets Keir Starmer Jan 2026.jpg|{{flagicon|CHN}} '''[[China]]''' [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier]] '''[[Li Qiang]]'''
File:The official portrait of Shri Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of the Republic of India.jpg|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[India]]''' [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] '''[[Narendra Modi]]'''
File:Prabowo Subianto 2024 official portrait.jpg|{{flagicon|IDN}} '''[[Indonesia]]''' [[President of Indonesia|President]] '''[[Prabowo Subianto]]'''
File:Sanae Takaichi 20251021 (cropped) 1.jpg|{{flagicon|JPN}} '''[[Japan]]''' [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]] '''[[Sanae Takaichi]]'''
File:Sonexay Siphandone on January 21, 2025.jpg|{{flagicon|LAO}} '''[[Laos]]''' [[Prime Minister of Laos|Prime Minister]] '''[[Sonexay Siphandone]]'''
File:Anwar Ibrahim June 2025.jpg|{{flagicon|MAS}} '''[[Malaysia]]''' [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Prime Minister]] '''[[Anwar Ibrahim]]'''
File:U-nyo-saw-2.jpg|{{flagicon|MYA}} '''[[Myanmar]]''' [[Prime Minister of Myanmar|Prime Minister]] '''[[Nyo Saw]]'''
File:LUXON, Christopher - Botany (cropped).png|{{flagicon|NZL}} '''[[New Zealand]]''' [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] '''[[Christopher Luxon]]'''
File:Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr (cropped portrait).jpg|{{flagicon|PHL}} '''[[Philippines]]''' [[President of the Philippines|President]] '''[[Bongbong Marcos]]'''
File:Михаил Мишустин (18-11-2025).jpg|{{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Russia]]''' [[Prime Minister of Russia|Prime Minister]] '''[[Mikhail Mishustin]]'''
File:Prime Minister of Singapore Lawrence Wong 250530-D-PM193-4275 (2025).jpg|{{flagicon|SIN}} '''[[Singapore]]''' [[Prime Minister of Singapore|Prime Minister]] '''[[Lawrence Wong]]'''
File:Lee Jae-myung 20250823.jpg|{{flagicon|KOR}} '''[[South Korea]]''' [[President of South Korea|President]] '''[[Lee Jae Myung]]'''
File:Anutin Charnvirakul in 2025.jpg|{{flagicon|THA}} '''[[Thailand]]''' [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] '''[[Anutin Charnvirakul]]'''<ref name="AnutinThaiPrimeMinisterPremiershipAssumption" /><ref name="ThaiRoyalEndorsementAnutinThaiPMAssumption" />
File:Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg|{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[United States]]''' [[President of the United States|President]] '''[[Donald Trump]]'''
File:Secretary Blinken Meets with Vietnamese Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh (52070795768) (cropped).jpg|{{flagicon|VIE}} '''[[Vietnam]]''' [[Prime Minister of Vietnam|Prime Minister]] '''[[Phạm Minh Chính]]'''
</gallery>

==Energy==
At the [[Second East Asia Summit|Second EAS]] the EAS members signed the [[Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security]], a declaration on energy security and biofuels, containing a statement for members to prepare non-binding targets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.12thaseansummit.org.ph/innertemplate3.asp?category=docs&docid=31|title=12thaseansummit.org.ph – 12thaseansummit Resources and Information.|website=12thaseansummit.org.ph|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071101132138/http://www.12thaseansummit.org.ph/innertemplate3.asp?category=docs&docid=31|archive-date=1 November 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Trade and the Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA)==
Trade is an important focus for the summit.

As to trade and regional integration the following was noted in the chair's report for the [[Second East Asia Summit|Second EAS]]:

<blockquote>
12. We welcomed ASEAN's efforts towards further integration and community building, and reaffirmed our resolve to work closely together in narrowing development gaps in our region. We reiterated our support for ASEAN's role as the driving force for economic integration in this region. To deepen integration, we agreed to launch a Track To study on a [[Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia]] (CEPEA) among EAS participants. We tasked the ASEAN Secretariat to prepare a time frame for the study and to invite all our countries to nominate their respective participants in it.

We welcomed Japan's proposal for an [[Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia]] (ERIA).
</blockquote>

The reality appears however that movement towards such a relationship is a long way-off. [[Lee Kuan Yew]] has compared the relationship between [[Southeast Asia]] and India with that of the [[European Economic Community|European Community]] and [[Turkey]], and has suggested that a free-trade area involving Southeast Asia and India is 30 to 50 years away.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/stories/s1933180.htm|title=EU expansion a lesson: Lee Kuan Yew|publisher=Radio Australia |access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626115809/http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/stories/s1933180.htm|archive-date=26 June 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The members of EAS agreed to study the Japanese proposed<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/ed20070117a1.html|title=The Japan Times Online: Success for the EAS? |website=Japan Times |access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927000501/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/ed20070117a1.html|archive-date=27 September 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA). The Track Two report on CEPEA is due to be completed in mid-2008<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/detaileditorial.asp?fileid=20071121.E03&irec=2|title=The Jakarta Post – East Asia Summit and broader economic integration in Asia}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and at the [[Third East Asia Summit|Third EAS]] it was agreed this would be considered at the [[Fourth East Asia Summit|Fourth EAS]].

As noted above the Second EAS welcomed the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA). It was subsequently announced that the ERIA would be established in November 2007<ref>[http://www.bruneitimes.com.bn/details.php?shape_ID=37631 The Brunei Times – Link Dead]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and confirmed at the [[Third East Asia Summit|Third EAS]].

The Declaration of the Fifth Anniversary of the East Asia Summit issued at the [[Fifth East Asia Summit|Fifth EAS]] provided the Summit declared:<ref>[http://asean2010.vn/asean_en/news/48/2DAA10/Ha-Noi-Declaration-on-the-commemoration-of-the-fifth-anniversary-of-the-EAST-ASIA-summit Ha Noi Declaration on the commemoration of the fifth anniversary of the EAST ASIA summit] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103062547/http://asean2010.vn/asean_en/news/48/2DAA10/Ha-Noi-Declaration-on-the-commemoration-of-the-fifth-anniversary-of-the-EAST-ASIA-summit |date=3 November 2010 }}</ref>

<blockquote>3. To redouble efforts to move progress and cooperation in the EAS further forward, including in the priority areas and in the promotion of regional integration through supporting the realisation of the ASEAN Community and such initiatives as the ASEAN Plus FTAs and other existing wider regional economic integration efforts including studies on East Asia Free Trade Area (EAFTA) and Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA).</blockquote>

India has launched several [[India–Myanmar barrier#Look-East connectivity|Look-East connectivity projects]] with China and [[ASEAN]] nations.

==East Asian Community==
{{Main|East Asian Community}}

After the EAS was established the issue arose of whether any future East Asia Community would arise from the EAS or ASEAN Plus Three. Prior to the creation of the EAS it appeared that ASEAN Plus Three would take the role of community building in East Asia.<ref>{{cite web |author=Anil Netto |date=31 August 2002 |title=ASEAN: Trouble in the family |website=Asia Times |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/DH31Ae06.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020912003950/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/DH31Ae06.html|url-status=dead |archive-date=12 September 2002|access-date=7 May 2018}}</ref>

Malaysia felt that it was still the case that the role of the community building fell to ASEAN Plus Three shortly before the second EAS despite "confusion".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/12/5/nation/16226090&sec=nation|title=Much confusion over East Asian community building|date=1 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501134400/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/12/5/nation/16226090&sec=nation|access-date=7 May 2018|archive-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> China apparently agreed whereas Japan and India felt the EAS should be the focus of the East Asian Community.<ref>[http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/editorial/20061215TDY04005.htm Original link dead]
[http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news.php?id=210504 Original link dead] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518232436/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news.php?id=210504 |date=18 May 2007 }}</ref>

After the first EAS the feasibility of EAS to have a community building role was questioned with [[Ong Keng Yong]], the secretary-general of ASEAN being quoted as describing the EAS as little more than a "brainstorming forum".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=117796|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824071007/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=117796|url-status=dead|title=Timor parliament to consider oil deal|archivedate=24 August 2007}}</ref>
Nevertheless, the {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060823220809/http://www.aseansec.org/18579.htm Chairman’s Press Statement for the Seventh ASEAN Plus Three Foreign Ministers’ Meeting]}} Kuala Lumpur, 26 July 2006 said

<blockquote>
25. The Ministers welcomed the convening of the East Asia Summit as a forum for dialogue on broad strategic, political and economic issues of common interest with the aim of promoting peace, stability and economic prosperity in East Asia. In this respect, they recognized that the East Asia Summit could make a significant contribution to the achievement of the long-term goal of establishing an East Asian community.
</blockquote>

It appeared that over time following the first EAS the focus was less on whether the EAS has a role in community building to what the role and whether it was secondary to ASEAN Plus Three. By mid-2006 the Chinese news site Xinhua Net suggested the community would arise through a two-phase process with ASEAN Plus Three as the first phase and the EAS as the second phase.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-07/29/content_4890285.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501124402/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-07/29/content_4890285.htm|url-status=dead|title=Xinhua – English|archivedate=1 May 2011}}</ref> The China-India joint declaration of 21 November 2006 linked, at paragraph 43, the EAS with the East Asian Community process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=22168|title=PIB Press Release|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613045925/http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=22168|archive-date=13 June 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The concentric circle model of the community process with ASEAN at the centre, ASEAN Plus Three at the next band and the East Asia Summit at the outer band is supported by the {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071123073634/http://www.aseansec.org/21099.htm Second Joint Statement on East Asia Cooperation Building on the Foundations of ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation]}} which said:

<blockquote>

III. Looking Forward to a Decade of Consolidation and Closer Integration (2007–2017)
 
A. Defining the Objectives and Roles of the ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation in the Emerging Regional Architecture
 
1. We reaffirmed that the ASEAN Plus Three Process would remain as the main vehicle towards the long-term goal of building an East Asian community, with ASEAN as the driving force.
 
...
 
3. We recognised and supported the mutually reinforcing and complementary roles of the ASEAN Plus Three process and such regional fora as EAS, ARF, APEC and ASEM to promote East Asian community building.
 
4. We reiterated that East Asian integration is an open, transparent, inclusive, and forward-looking process for mutual benefits and support internationally shared values to achieve peace, stability, democracy and prosperity in the region. Guided by the vision for durable peace and shared prosperity in East Asia and beyond, we will stand guided by new economic flows, evolving strategic interactions and the belief to continue to engage all interested countries and organisations towards the realisation of an open regional architecture capable of adapting to changes and new dynamism.
</blockquote>

On any view, community building is not a short-term project. However, after the second EAS, the Indian Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] was confident that the EAS would lead to an East Asia Community.<ref>{{cite web |title=East Asia Summit would ultimately lead to creation of East Asia community: PM|url=http://www.dailyindia.com/show/103864.php/East-Asia-Summit-would-ultimately-lead-to-creation-of-East-Asia-community:-PM |website=Daily India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930154815/http://www.dailyindia.com/show/103864.php/East-Asia-Summit-would-ultimately-lead-to-creation-of-East-Asia-community%3A-PM |archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> China had also apparently accepted this was the case.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-01/16/content_5612470.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501124358/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-01/16/content_5612470.htm|url-status=dead|title=Xinhua – English|archivedate=1 May 2011}}</ref>

If achieved the Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia (CEPEA) would be a tangible first step in the community building process. The second EAS seems to have increased confidence in CEPEA but is still only a proposal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1074792|title=East Asia summit is an unqualified success for India – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=16 January 2007|website=dnaindia.com|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930035349/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1074792|archive-date=30 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

It has been suggested that as the EAS consists of an "anti-region" the prospects of it forming a community are less than likely.<ref>{{cite report |author=Shaun Breslin |date=November 2007 |publisher=The Stanley Foundation |title=Supplying Demand or Demanding Supply? An Alternative Look at the Forces Driving East Asian Community Building |url=http://www.stanleyfoundation.org/publications/pab/Breslin_07_PAB.pdf |access-date=2007-11-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128193052/http://www.stanleyfoundation.org/publications/pab/Breslin_07_PAB.pdf |archive-date=28 November 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Relationship with ASEAN Plus Three==
The relationship between the EAS on one hand and [[ASEAN Free Trade Area#ASEAN Plus Three|ASEAN Plus Three]] on the other is still not clear. As discussed above, some countries are more supportive of the narrower ASEAN Plus Three grouping whereas others support the broader, more inclusive EAS. ASEAN Plus Three, which has been meeting since December 1997<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130528001949/http://www.aseansec.org/16580.htm ASEAN secretariat – ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation]}}</ref> has a history, including the [[Chiang Mai Initiative]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aseansec.org/afp/113.htm|title=ASEAN secretariat – China, Japan, South Korea, ASEAN Agree on Wider Currency Swap Arrangements|website=aseansec.org|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521124149/http://www.aseansec.org/afp/113.htm|archive-date=21 May 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> which appears to have led to the development of the [[Asian Monetary Unit]]. This may be significant for those advocating a broader role for EAS in the future.

The tension between the groupings extends to the respective members' intentions towards future Free Trade Agreements with China and South Korea focused on ASEAN Plus Three and Japan on the broader EAS members.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news_business.php?id=215499|title=Bernama – Japan Pushes For Expanded EAFTA Comprising 16 Countries|website=bernama.com.my|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929103158/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news_business.php?id=215499|archive-date=29 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The [[1997 Asian financial crisis]] had demonstrated the need for regional groupings and initiatives. It was during this time ASEAN Plus Three had commenced and it was also during this time that the East Asian caucus was being discussed.

The EAS is just one regional grouping and some members down play its significance, the former Australian Prime Minister [[John Howard]] has stated that the EAS was secondary as a regional summit to [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|APEC]] which has on his view a premier role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2005/s1530494.htm|title=AM – APEC leads Asian summits, PM says|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512010724/http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2005/s1530494.htm|archive-date=12 May 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Not all members of the EAS, notably India, are members of APEC. However, as the EAS meetings are scheduled with the ASEAN Plus Three meetings (they both follow the annual ASEAN meetings) and all members of ASEAN Plus Three are members of EAS the ability of the two forums to remain relevant given the existence of the other remains in question. China has stated its preference for both EAS and ASEAN Plus Three to exist side by side.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.people.cn/200512/14/eng20051214_228024.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060225224740/http://english.people.com.cn/200512/14/eng20051214_228024.html|url-status=dead|title=People's Daily Online -- East Asia Summit, a new platform for regional cooperation|archivedate=25 February 2006|website=en.people.cn}}</ref>

The relationship between APEC, ASEAN Plus Three and the EAS remained unresolved heading into the 2007 APEC meeting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/politics/2006/11/633054/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070111183831/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/politics/2006/11/633054/|url-status=dead|title=VietNamNet Bridge|archivedate=11 January 2007}}</ref> Following the meeting the then Malaysian Prime Minister [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]] described ASEAN Plus Three as the primary vehicle and implied APEC was the lesser of the three.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/11/19/nation/16071554&sec=nation|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501134408/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F11%2F19%2Fnation%2F16071554&sec=nation|url-status=dead|title=Make Apec relevant to all|archivedate=1 May 2011}}</ref> At the same time a Malaysian commentator writing in a Singaporean newspaper described concentric circles for the three with ASEAN Plus Three at the centre and APEC at the outer, also suggested the Nikai Initiative, with its regional OECD like plans, might overtaking the remaining role for APEC.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181215172206/https://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/nst/Saturday/Columns/20061118123949/Article/index_html The New Strais Times On-line – Link dead]</ref>

== Countries joining the Summit process ==
=== Russia ===
[[Russia]] participated in the first EAS as an observer at the invitation of 2005 host Malaysia and requested to become a member. Its request to become a future member received support from China and India.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/15/stories/2007021521771400.htm | location=Chennai, India | title=Trilateral business meet later this year | date=15 February 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218234102/http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/15/stories/2007021521771400.htm | archive-date=18 February 2007 | work=[[The Hindu]] | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The membership of EAS was to be considered by ASEAN on a case-by-case basis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/33198/vietnam-takes-the-helm|title=Vietnam takes the helm – Bangkok Post: news |website=Bangkok Post |access-date=7 May 2018}}</ref> [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]] decided to freeze new "membership" of EAS for the second and third summits.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/East-Asia-Summit-freezes-membership-for-2-years/articleshow/1539589.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018213610/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-05-20/rest-of-world/27801902_1_asean-ong-keng-yong-east-asia-summit |archive-date=2012-10-18 |title=East Asia Summit freezes membership for 2 years |website=The Times of India |url-status=live |date=18 October 2012}}</ref>

The status of potential future members was discussed in the Chairman's Statement of the 16th ASEAN Summit (9 April 2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aseansec.org/24509.htm|title=Chairman's Statement of the 16th ASEAN Summit "Towards the Asean Community: from Vision to Action"|website=aseansec.org|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521103045/http://www.aseansec.org/24509.htm|archive-date=21 May 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> in these terms:

<blockquote>43. We recognized and supported the mutually reinforcing roles of the ASEAN+3 process, the East Asia Summit (EAS), and such regional forums as the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), to promote the East Asian cooperation and dialogue towards the building of a community in East Asia. In this connection, we encouraged Russia and the US to deepen their engagement in an evolving regional architecture, including the possibility of their involvement with the EAS through appropriate modalities, taking into account the Leaders-led, open and inclusive nature of the EAS.</blockquote>

ASEAN formally invited the United States and Russia to join the group from 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h3xcrO8YSIm9-PeBMNAC-i5PMfcw|title=US, Russia to join East Asia Summit|via=Google |access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723014303/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h3xcrO8YSIm9-PeBMNAC-i5PMfcw|archive-date=23 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== United States ===
Japan and India supported inclusion of the United States and Russia prior to their invitation to join the East Asia Summit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Chinese-glue-brings-India-Japan-closer/Article1-617760.aspx |title=Hindustan Times – Archive News |access-date=2010-09-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028213130/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Chinese-glue-brings-India-Japan-closer/Article1-617760.aspx |archive-date=28 October 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

[[President of the United States|US President]] [[Barack Obama]] declared his country "an Asia Pacific nation" during his first year in office.<ref>{{cite web |last=Allen |first=Mike |title=America's first Pacific president |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/americas-first-pacific-president-029511 |publisher=POLITICO |access-date=24 October 2011 |date=13 November 2009 |quote='As an Asia Pacific nation, the United States expects to be involved in the discussions that shape the future of this region, and to participate fully in appropriate organizations as they are established and evolve,' Obama said. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027172031/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1109/29511.html |archive-date=27 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Subsequently, [[United States Secretary of State|US Secretary of State]] [[Hillary Clinton]] attended the [[Fifth East Asia Summit|Fifth EAS]] in October 2010 and President Obama attended the [[Sixth East Asia Summit|Sixth EAS]] in November 2011.

=== ASEAN + 8 ===
In April and May 2010 it was discussed that the roles for Russia and the United States may be to create a new grouping "ASEAN + 8" including the East Asia Summit members together with the United States and Russia. ASEAN + 8 may not meet as regularly as the East Asia Summit due to the logistical difficulties in the United States President committing to an annual Asian meeting. Such a meeting could be held every two to three years to coincide with the [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|APEC]] meeting occurring in Asia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/05/08/asean8-a-recipe-for-a-new-regional-architecture/|title=ASEAN+8 – A recipe for a new regional architecture|date=8 May 2010|website=eastasiaforum.org|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928035132/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/05/08/asean8-a-recipe-for-a-new-regional-architecture/|archive-date=28 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Potential future members ==
=== East Timor and Papua New Guinea ===
[[East Timor]] is a candidate for ASEAN membership, with the organization agreeing in principle to admit the country, while [[Papua New Guinea]] has shown an intention to join;<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609190633/http://www.aseansec.org/afp/154.htm East Timor Needs Five Years to Join ASEAN: PM]}}</ref><ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/154860/Papua-New-Guinea-asks-RP-support-for-Asean-membership-bid Papua New Guinea asks RP support for Asean membership bid] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522122208/http://www.gmanews.tv/story/154860/Papua-New-Guinea-asks-RP-support-for-Asean-membership-bid |date=22 May 2011 }} Retrieved 8 July 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.op.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22879&Itemid=2 Somare seeks PGMA's support for PNG's ASEAN membership bid] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306192700/http://www.op.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22879&Itemid=2 |date=6 March 2010 }} Retrieved 8 July 2009</ref> presumably new members of ASEAN would also join the EAS.<ref>{{cite news|title=09-East Timor soon to join ASEAN|url=http://news.balita.ph/html/article.php/20070109122630046|publisher=Balita – Linking Filipinos worldwide with news since 1994|date=2007-01-09|access-date=2007-03-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127040254/http://news.balita.ph/html/article.php/20070109122630046|archive-date=27 January 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Other countries and groupings ===
Over several years, especially shortly the commencement of the summits, other countries have been connected with the EAS.

In 2006, [[Pakistan]] and [[Mongolia]] were proposed as future members by Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.onlinenews.com.pk/details.php?id=104480|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928145843/http://www.onlinenews.com.pk/details.php?id=104480|url-status=dead|title=Online International News Network – Pak-Malaysia stresses enhancing trade, economic relations|archivedate=28 September 2007}}</ref> Mongolia was mentioned again by Vietnam, the then chair, in 2010.<ref>[http://english.vovnews.vn/Home/Vietnam-Mongolia-expect-US2-million-in-trade/20108/119074.vov Vietnam, Mongolia expect US$12 million in trade] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901163538/http://english.vovnews.vn/Home/Vietnam-Mongolia-expect-US2-million-in-trade/20108/119074.vov |date=1 September 2010 }}</ref>

In 2007, Pakistan and [[Bangladesh]] were raised by Japan as possible members.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200705250094.html|title=The Asahi Shimbun|website=The Asahi Shimbun|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528060118/http://www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200705250094.html|archive-date=28 May 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In 2007, the [[European Union]] indicated it wishes to have a role as an observer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/06/227&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en|title=European Commission – Benita Ferrero-Waldner European Commissioner for External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy New Visions for EU-Japan Relations Opening of Joint EU-Japan Symposium Brussels, 6 April 2006|website=europa.eu|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130085209/http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH%2F06%2F227&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en|archive-date=30 January 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In 2008, the [[Arab League]] held talks and expressed its desire to have a role as an observer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arableagueonline.org/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111134312/http://www.arableagueonline.org/las/arabic/details_ar.jsp?art_id=343&level_id=205|url-status=dead|title=Arab League - Sportwetten - Beste Singlebörsen im Vergleich|archivedate=11 November 2007|website=Arab League - Sportwetten - Beste Singlebörsen im Vergleich}}</ref>

In 2017, [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Maldives]] were proposed to be possible members of East Asia Summit. Prime Minister of [[Canada]] [[Justin Trudeau]] attended as guest. He had arrived directly from the [[APEC Vietnam 2017|APEC 2017 summit]] held in [[Da Nang]], Vietnam.

==See also==
* [[Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia]]
* [[Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership]]
* [[Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere]]: unrelated concept in the mid-20th century
* [[Asian Monetary Unit]]
* [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]
** [[ASEAN Free Trade Area]]: The FTA arrangements between the 10 members of ASEAN
** [[ASEAN Summit]]: held jointly with the EAS

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|East Asia Summit}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120623152921/http://www.asean.org/aadcp/repsf/abouteastasiasummit.html ASEAN-Australia Development Cooperation Program: About the East Asia Summit]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060321184540/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/intguide/FAD/eastasia_summit.htm The East Asia Summit: Issues and outcomes]
* [http://www.ceac.jp/e/index.html The Council on East Asian Community]
* [https://futureworldaffairs.blogspot.com/2007/03/east-asias-new-multilateralism-hopes.html East Asia New Multilateralism Hopes]

{{East Asia Summit}}
{{Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:21st-century diplomatic conferences]]
[[Category:ASEAN meetings]]
[[Category:Organisations associated with ASEAN]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2005]]
[[Category:Politics of East Asia]]

List of Indians in Africa

2026-03-26T16:19:01Z

Rudratree: Put up initial details added tags.

{{Short description|none}}
{{dynamic list}}

The '''list of Indians in Africa''' is a dynamic list of notable people of [[Indian people|Indian]] extraction who have lived or worked in [[Africa]].

==A==
* [[Anil Agarwal (industrialist)|Anil Agarwal]], founder of Vedanta Group

==C==
* [[Manu Chandaria]], founder of Comcraft Group

==J==
* [[Savitri Jindal]], politician

==M==
* [[Mayur Madhvani]], founder of Madhvani Group
* [[Rajan Mahtani]]
* [[Naushad Merali]] (1951–2021), businessman<ref name="n052">{{Cite news | last=Emoekpere | first=Esther | title=18 Indian billionaires who built their wealth in Africa |newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]| date=2024-11-30 | url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/18-indian-billionaires-who-built-their-wealth-in-africa/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria| access-date=2025-11-24}}</ref>

==R==
* [[Narendra Raval]], businessman and founder of Devki Group<ref name="n052"/>
* [[Sudhir Ruparelia]], founder of Ruparelia Group

==S==
* [[Bhimji Depar Shah]], businessman and founder of Bidco Group
* [[Prateek Suri]], founder of Maser Group<ref>{{cite web | title=Prateek Suri | website=[[Penguin Random House India]] | date=2025-09-02 | url=https://www.penguin.co.in/book_author/prateek-suri/ | access-date=2025-11-24}}</ref>

==V==
* [[Sunil Vaswani]], businessman<ref>{{Cite news | last=Ige | first=Tofarati | title=Indian billionaires making waves in Africa |newspaper=[[The Punch]]| date=2025-03-01 | url=https://punchng.com/indian-billionaires-making-waves-in-africa/ | access-date=2025-11-24}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa]]
* [[Indian diaspora in Africa]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of Indian people|Africa]]
[[Category:Indian diaspora in Africa| ]]

All Tripura Tiger Force

2026-03-26T12:05:24Z

Rudratree: new!

{{Short description|Tripuri nationalist militant group}}
{{Other uses|Tiger Force (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox war faction
| name = All Tripura Tiger Force
| war = [[Insurgency in North-East India]]
*[[Insurgency in Tripura]]
| image = [[File:Flag of the All Tripura Tiger Force.png|200px]]
| caption = Flag of the All Tripura Tiger Force
| leaders = [[Ranjit Debbarma]]{{POW}}
| clans =
| ideology = [[Ethnic nationalism]]
| motive = [[Autonomy]] of [[Tripura]]
| active = 1990- 2024
| status = Disbanded
| headquarters = [[Bangladesh]]
| area = [[Tripura]], [[India]]
| size = 200 - 300
| predecessor = Right wing of [[National Liberation Front of Tripura]], [[Tripura National Volunteers]], All Tripura Tiger Force
| allies =
| international =
| opponents = [[Government of Tripura]]
| designated_as_terror_group_by = [[Government of India]], [[Government of Tripura]], 
[[Interpol]]
}}

The '''All Tripura Tiger Force''' ('''ATTF''') was a [[Tripuri nationalism|Tripuri nationalist]] militant group active in [[India|India's]] [[Tripura|Tripura State]]. It was founded on 11 July 1990, by a group of former [[Tripura National Volunteer]] members under the leadership of [[Ranjit Debbarma]]. The ATTF is considered a [[terrorist organisation]] by India.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/tripura/terrorist_outfits/index.html|title=Terrorist / Insurgent Groups – Tripura, India|work=South Asia Terrorism Portal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://jamestown.org/program/100-more-terrorist-groups-banned-in-india-what-are-indias-counterterrorism-priorities/ |journal=Terrorism Monitor |title=100 More Terrorist Groups Banned in India: What are India's Counterterrorism Priorities? |volume=8 |issue=22 |publisher=The Jamestown Foundation |date=4 June 2010 |author=Animesh Roul}}</ref> According to the South Asian Terrorism Portal, approximately 90% of the ATTF's administration are [[Hindus|Hindu]] and the rest are [[Christians]].<ref name="satp">{{cite web|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/tripura/terrorist_outfits/Attf.htm|title=All Tripura Tiger Force|work=South Asia Terrorism Portal}}</ref> The group was said to have been formed as the armed wing of the [[National Liberation Front of Tripura]] (NLFT) but split into its own organization.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/How-Tripura-overcame-insurgency/article13606760.ece|title=How Tripura overcame insurgency|last=Sahaya|first=D. N.|date=2011-09-19|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-04-23|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The group was headquartered in Tarabon in [[Bangladesh]].

== History ==
Initially known with the name All Tripura Tribal Force formed on 11th July 1990 but difference in the leadership idea of Lalit Debbarma and Ranjit Debbarma on the core issue of signing an memorandum of settlement with the Government of Tripura and to surrender its cadres lead to the formation of Tiger force .Lalit Debbarma (President), Ramendra Reang (Vice President), Dilip Debbarma (Treasurer), Rabindra Reang (General Secretary), Santaram Reang (Accountant)<ref name=":0" /> surrendered on 23 August 1993 along with 1633 cadres.<ref name=":2" /> But Ranjit Debbarma continued Armed insurgency along with his followers with the name "ALL TRIPURA TIGER FORCE".

The Tripura Land Revenue and Reforms Act of 1960 can be seen as a source of Tripuri grievances against [[Bengalis|Bengali]] peoples. This act stated that any person who came into Tripura would be considered as an illegal trespasser.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://jami.tripura.gov.in/download/TLR_ACT.pdf|title=THE TRIPURA LAND RRVENUE AND LAND REFORMS ACT, 1960 NO. 43 of 1960|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-date=14 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614045658/http://jami.tripura.gov.in/download/TLR_ACT.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Tripuri people considered Bengalis trespassers in their land so they wanted this act to take full effect.<ref name=":6" /> Another grievance for the Tripuri people was that immigrants made up more of the population than the natives and they felt that their land was being taken over by Bengalis, who make up the majority of the population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tripura.org.in/pophistory.htm|title=Tripura, the Histirical land of Tripuri People|website=tripura.org.in|access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref>

The organization began as a tribal group made up of [[Extremism|extremists]] but eventually started recruiting tribal youth. This helped to grow the group and make it more powerful. By 1991, the group was a full-fledged terrorist organization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/tripura/terrorist_outfits/attf.htm|title=All Tripura Tiger Force, Tripura, India, South Asia Terrorism Portal|website=www.satp.org|access-date=2019-08-23}}</ref>

This group was founded under the name "All Tripura Tribal Force". In 1992, the group changed the name from "All Tripura Tribal Force" to "All Tripura Tiger Force".<ref name=":33">{{Cite web|url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/tripura/terrorist_outfits/attf.htm|title=All Tripura Tiger Force}}</ref>

The group has various training camps spread throughout the Srimongal and [[Moulvibazar District|Moulavibazar]] districts of Bangladesh.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://tripurapolice.gov.in/PresentPhaseInsurgency|title=Present Phase of Insurgency}}</ref> In 1993, a memorandum was issued by the ATTF. It expressed the idea that the members of All Tripura Tiger Force wished to stop their violent struggle against the Bengali people.<ref name=":7" /> The document also stated that there have been peace talks between the government of Tripura and the ATTF. Some members of the group decided to stay in the organization even with the memorandum, others left the group and renounced terrorism.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/IN_930823_MemorandumSettlementTripuraStateATTF.pdf|title=Memorandum of Settlement between the Tripura State Government and All Tripura Tribal Force (ATTF)}}</ref>

In 1997, the Indian government issued a ban under the [[Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act|Unlawful Activities Prevention Act]] against the ATTF due to the rioting caused by ethnic division in the Tripura region.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/centre-imposes-fresh-ban-on-two-insurgent-groups-in-tripura-indulging-in-violent-subversive-activities-to-establish-independent-nation-5317071.html|title=Centre imposes fresh ban on two insurgent groups in Tripura indulging in violent, subversive activities to establish independent nation}}</ref>

In 2004, there was a movement for peace with the Bengali peoples but it never came to pass. This was a move for peace led by [[Ranjit Debbarma]] that came with conditions.<ref name=":33"/> The primary condition was that Bengalis who entered Tripura after 1949 should be considered foreigners.<ref name=":33"/>

In October 2018, the [[Government of India|Indian government]] denounced the All Tripura Tiger Force and The National Liberation Front of Tripura for its violent activities.<ref name=":1" /> The ATTF and NLFT were given the chance in 2019 to defend their recent actions when a team from the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs investigated both the organizations. They hoped to prevent the organization from being named as terrorist by the government of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2019/01/31/tribunal-to-visit-tripura-to-record-evidence-against-nlft-attf|title=Tribunal to visit Tripura to record evidence against NLFT, ATTF|website=EastMojo|language=en|access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref>

In January 2019 The MHA tribunal recorded A fresh ban of five years was imposed on NLFT and ATTF, along with all their factions, wings and frontal organisations, on October 3 for their “violent and subversive activities”, which aim at the establishment of an independent nation by the secession of Tripura from India through armed struggle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/nation/mha-tribunal-to-visit-tripura-to-record-evidence-against-two-outlawed-outfits-338640|title=MHA tribunal to visit Tripura to record evidence against two outlawed outfits|work=Millennium Post|access-date=2019-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/tripura/tripura-nlft-attf-home-ministry-tribunal-5560946/|title=MHA tribunal to visit Tripura to record evidence against outlawed outfits NLFT, ATTF|work=Indian Express|access-date=2019-09-22}}</ref> In May 2019 the authorities continued for five more years the actual ban they have with the ATTF and the [[National Liberation Front of Tripura]] despite its partial demobilization<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/ban-on-nlft-attf-to-continue-for-five-years-119051100705_1.html|title=Ban on NLFT, ATTF to continue for five years|work=Business Standard|access-date=2019-09-22}}</ref>

== Linkages ==
The [[Global Terrorism Database]] stated that the group had been operating under or with the [[United Liberation Front of Assam]] (ULFA).<ref name=":52">{{Cite web|url=https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/Results.aspx?chart=overtime&casualties_type=&casualties_max=&perpetrator=287|title=GTD Search Results|website=start.umd.edu|access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref> The group has been linked to other banned organizations such as the [[National Socialist Council of Nagaland|National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Khaplang]] (NSCN-K), the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the United National Liberation Front (UNLF), the [[People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak]] (PREPAK), the Revolutionary Peoples Front (RPF), and the National Liberation Front of Arunach Pradesh (NFLA).<ref name=":33"/> These groups were said to have been linked through extortion and [[Illegal drug trade|drug-trafficking]] networks that cross the border between India and Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/attf.htm|title=All Tripura Tribal/Tiger Force|website=globalsecurity.org|access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref> The ATTF was caught in 2003 smuggling ammunition and explosives from Bangladesh to [[Nepal]] for [[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)|Maoist insurgents]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/the-other-border-problem/222394|title=The Other Border Problem|website=www.outlookindia.com|access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref> The Bangladesh RAB (Rapid Action Battalion) uncovered various All Tripura Tiger Force hideouts with large amounts of ammunition and explosives scattered along the Satchhari Forest, close to their headquarters in Tarabon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-10 |title=India-Bangladesh border meet on terrorism, arms, drug trade |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2014/11/10/india-bangladesh-border-meet-on-terrorism-arms-drug-trade |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423012545/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2014/11/10/india-bangladesh-border-meet-on-terrorism-arms-drug-trade |archive-date=2019-04-23 |access-date=2019-04-23 |website=bdnews24.com}}</ref>

== Operations ==
According to the Global Terrorism Database, the ATTF committed 7 claimed attacks and another 7 suspected attacks.<ref name=":52" /> The first claimed attack occurred in October 1992.<ref name=":52" /> The latest recorded attacks was committed in November 2017. The attack was an armed assault on police patrol which left four policemen dead.<ref name=":52"/> While all of their attacks have had relatively few casualties, their most lethal attack was in May 2003.<ref name=":52" /> The attack occurred in Mohorcherra, India against civilians and resulted in a total of 19 deaths.<ref name=":52" />

== Leadership ==
As of 2016, the leadership of the group is as follows:<ref name=":33"/>

* President - Ranjit Debbarma
* Vice-president - Chitta Debbarma (also known as Bikash Koloi)
* Organization Secretary - Upendra Debbarma
* Publicity Secretary - Malinjoy Reang
* Communication Secretary - Subbodh Debbarma
* Finance Secretary - Asit Debbarma

Ranjit Debbarma was arrested in 2017 on [[sedition]] charges and was also thought to have been trying to form a new regime of terrorism in Tripura with the All Tripura Tiger Force and the National Liberation Front of Tripura.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/uncategorised/tripura-attf-chief-ranjit-debbarma-held-sedition-charges|title=Tripura: ATTF Chief Ranjit Debbarma Held on Sedition Charges|website=The Wire|access-date=2019-08-23}}</ref> He was also arrested in [[Dhaka]] in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofassam.com/headlines/attf-chairman-ranjit-debabarma-arrested-in-bangladesh/|title=ATTF Chairman Ranjit Debabarma arrested in Bangladesh|date=2012-12-30|website=TIMES OF ASSAM|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-23}}</ref>

==Objectives==
To rid all Bengali peoples from Tripuri areas, specifically those who entered after 1956<ref name=":33"/>

The returning of Tripuri lands to their original owners as provided under the act of 1960<ref name=":33" />

To make the [[Tripura Merger Agreement|Tripura Merger Agreement of 1949]] happen in the region.<ref name=":02"/>

* This agreement allowed Tripura to officially become a part of the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]]. Even though Bangladesh was still incorporated into India at this time, this would further separate the Tripuri peoples from their Bengali neighbors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/indiatripura-1949-present/|title=43. India/Tripura (1949-present)|website=uca.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-23|archive-date=15 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215004036/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/indiatripura-1949-present/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Peace Accord ==
On 4 September 2024, the group's Chief Alindra Reang along with NLFT Chief [[Biswamohan Debbarma]] and vice chief Upendra Reang <ref>{{Cite web |title=English Press Release: Peace accord signed between GoI, GoT & NLFT – ATTF {{!}} Official Website of Department of Information and Cultural Affairs, Government of Tripura, India |url=https://ica.tripura.gov.in/english-press-release-peace-accord-signed-between-goi-got-nlft-attf |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=ica.tripura.gov.in}}</ref> signed the [[2024 Tripura Peace Accord]] with the Government of India, Government of Tripura ending the 35 year old [[Insurgency in Tripura]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Historic Peace Agreement Signed Between the Governments of India, Tripura, NLFT & ATTF at New Delhi|url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2024/09/04/historic-peace-agreement-signed-between-the-governments-of-india-tripura-nlft-attf-at-new-delhi/|access-date=2024-09-04|website=Northeast Now}}</ref>

== See also ==

*[[List of terrorist organisations in India]]
*[[Tripura rebellion]]
*[[Tripuri nationalism]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Terror outfits}}

[[Category:1990 establishments in Tripura]]
[[Category:Tripuri nationalism]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist]]
[[Category:Rebel groups in India]]
[[Category:Moulvibazar District]]

Sarbeswar Sahariah

2026-03-26T06:44:34Z

Rudratree: new some post first draft...

{{Short description|Indian nephrologist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sarbeswar Sahariah
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|04|01}}
| birth_place = [[Mangaldai]], [[Darrang]], [[Assam]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Indian nephrologist
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website = {{URL|http://www.drsahariah.com|Official web site}}
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] Brahmaiah Sastry Memorial Oration Award Dr. R. V. S. Yadav Memorial Oration Award Membership - National Academy of Medical Sciences Fellowship - [[International College of Surgeons]] Fellowship - [[American College of Surgeons]]
}}
'''Sarbeswar Sahariah''' is an Indian [[nephrologist]] and organ transplant specialist, known for his expertise in renal and pancreatic transplantation.<ref name="Assam Times" /> He was honoured by the [[Government of India]], in 2014, by bestowing on him the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award, for his contributions to the field of [[medicine]].<ref name="Padma">{{cite web |url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102735 |title=Padma Awards Announced |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |work=Circular |date=January 25, 2014 |access-date=August 23, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222101141/http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102735 |archive-date=February 22, 2014 }}</ref> Sahariah is credited with more than 3000 renal transplantations,<ref name="Assam Tribune" /> which many consider, has made him the most prolific kidney transplant surgeon in the country.<ref name="Assam Times">{{cite web | url=http://www.assamtimes.org/node/9949 | title=Assam Times | publisher=Assam Times | date=4 March 2014 | access-date=October 3, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Assam Tribune" />

==Biography==
Sarbeswar Sahariah was born in a family with meagre financial resources, at [[Mangaldai]] on Tengabari Road,<ref name="Assam Tribune">{{cite web | url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=mar2214/state06 | title=Assam Tribune | publisher=Assam Tribune | date=22 March 2014 | access-date=October 3, 2014 | archive-date=3 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232958/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=mar2214/state06 | url-status=dead }}</ref> a hilly village in the district of [[Darrang]], in the [[Himalayan Mountains|Himalayan]] state of [[Assam]], India, on 1 April 1945.<ref name="Assam Times" /><ref name="Assam Tribune" /><ref name="The New Indian Express">{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Padma-Bhushan-for-Pullela-Padma-Shri-for-Enoch/2014/01/26/article2020857.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140128070533/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/Padma-Bhushan-for-Pullela-Padma-Shri-for-Enoch/2014/01/26/article2020857.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=January 28, 2014 | title=The New Indian Express | publisher=The New Indian Express | date=26 January 2014 | access-date=October 4, 2014}}</ref> He did his early schooling at a local school and passed his higher secondary examinations from the Government High School in Mangaldai, in 1962, with the highest marks in the state for Biology. Opting for the medical career, he joined Medical College in Guwahati,<ref name="Assam Tribune" /> on financial assistance for the State Government,<ref name="Assam Tribune" /> meant for economically backward classes and passed MBBS in 1967, from the [[Gauhati University]], standing fourth overall in the examinations. Subsequently, he did the mandatory [[Doctor of medicine|house surgeoncy]] at the [[Safdarjung Hospital]], New Delhi, which he completed in 1970. He, then, moved to Chandigarh and worked at the [[Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]] (PGIMER), Chandigarh as a resident, while pursuing the master's degree, passed MS with a bronze medal in 1973<ref name="Assam Tribune" /> and continued there to complete the senior residency in 1976.<ref name="Assam Times" /> While at PGIMER, he had the opportunity to be involved with the first successful renal transplantation, in 1973.

Saharaiah started his career as a Pool Officer under the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] programme at the Renal Transplantation department of PGIMER, in 1976. Later, in 1978, he joined the faculty of PGIMER and worked there till 1981. The next move was to the Organ Transplantation Centre, Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Hyderabad,<ref name="IOG">{{cite web | url=http://instituteofgenetics.org/ | title=IOG | publisher=IOG | date=2012 | access-date=October 3, 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006084003/http://instituteofgenetics.org/ | archive-date=October 6, 2014 }}</ref> as the Head of the centre as the Reader and Chief Renal Transplant Surgeon, in 1981,<ref name="The New Indian Express" /> and continued there till 1985.<ref name="Assam Tribune" /> It was here, he performed the first renal transplantation in Hyderabad which is in current State of [[Telangana]], in 1981.<ref name="Assam Tribune" /> Saharaiah resigned from the Government service in 1985 and has since been practicing at various hospitals in the country.<ref name="Assam Times" />

Sahariah lives at [[Jubilee Hills]], an upmarket residential neighbourhood in west Hyderabad, in the present day [[Telangana]] state, India, attending to his duties at the [[Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (hospital group)|Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences]] in the city,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kimshospitals.com/doctor-profile/dr-s-sahariah/ | title=Best Urologist - Dr. S. Sahariah | Top Transplant Surgeon in Hyderabad| Best Renal Transplant Doctor in Hyderabad }}</ref><ref name="Assam Tribune" /> with his wife and two children, a son and a daughter.<ref name="Assam Tribune" /><ref name="Health Aid India" />

==Achievements and legacy==
[[File:Schema der Pankreas-Nierentransplantation mit portalvenöser Anastomose des Pankreastransplantats.tif|thumb|240px|Kidney Pancreas transplantation]]
Saharaiah is credited with many firsts. He was associated with the first successful kidney transplantation in India, in 1973, while he was working at the [[Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]], Chandigarh.<ref name="The New Indian Express" /><ref name="Deccan Chronicle">{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140126/news-current-affairs/article/9-padmas-blossom-andhra-pradesh-achievers | title=Deccan Chronicle | publisher=Deccan Chronicle | date=26 January 2014 | access-date=October 3, 2014}}</ref> This was followed by the first kidney transplantation in Hyderabad, in 1981.<ref name="The New Indian Express" /> The first ten renal transplants in the state of Assam are also credited to him, which he did during the period from 1992 to 2003.<ref name="Assam Times" /> He is credited with the first cadaver donor renal transplant in Hyderabad,<ref name="Assam Tribune" /> beginning of a career where he would perform eight more such transplants. It is reported that he has successfully performed renal transplants from 18-month-old cadaver, considered to be the youngest donor in India, and from 78-year-old cadaver, regarded as the oldest donor in the country. He is reported to have performed the first [[laparoscopic]] donor [[nephrectomy]] in the country, in 1988.<ref name="Health Aid India" /> He has performed renal transplantations in rural areas, another first credited to him, performed at the rural hospital, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha.<ref name="Assam Tribune" /> The reports say he has done more than 3000 renal transplant operations<ref name="The New Indian Express" /> and over 5000 surgeries for vascular access for [[haemodialysis]].<ref name="India Mart 2">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiamart.com/company/9205506/aboutus.html | title=India Mart 2 | publisher=India Mart | date=2014 | access-date=October 3, 2014}}</ref>

Sahariah's legacy lives on mainly in [[Telangana]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]], where he has put in efforts for the propagation of renal transplantation programme. He was instrumental in initiating the programme across the state, including the [[Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences]] and [[Gandhi Medical College|Gandhi Hospital and Medical College]].<ref name="Assam Times" /><ref name="Assam Tribune" /> Medical institutions such as Bollineni Hospital, Nellore, CDR Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Pinnamalani Polyclinic, Vijaywada, Seven Hills Hospital, Visakhapatnam, [[St. Johns Medical College]], Bangalore, [[M. S. Ramaiah]] Medical College, Bangalore, [[Sir Ganga Ram Hospital (India)|Sir Ganga Ram Hospital]], New Delhi, Down Town Hospital, Guwahati, Damani Hospital, Dibrugarh, [[Gauhati Medical College and Hospital]], J. N. Medical College Hospital, Maharashtra, Suretech Hospital, Nagpur, Orange City Hospital, Nagpur, Hi-tech Medical College Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Kalinga Hospital, Bhubaneswar, and International Hospital have all sought Saharaiah's assistance in setting up the renal programme.<ref name="Assam Times" /><ref name="Assam Tribune" /> He has also strived to spread the message in Assam with a programme by which people from economically poor backgrounds can receive renal transplants at a charity hospital in Hyderabad, the Mahavir Hospital and Research Centre.<ref name="Assam Times" /><ref name="Assam Tribune" /><ref name="Mahavir">{{cite web | url=http://www.medicards.in/userpage/detail_hospital.php?hospital_id=5311&menuId=12 | title=Mahavir | publisher=Medicards | date=2014 | access-date=October 3, 2014}}</ref> He has founded a charitable organization, ''North East Care Foundation'', which runs a free medical clinic in Guwahati. The clinic gives free medical consultation and supplies free drugs to patients in the region.

==Research==
Sahariah has done research on organ transplantation. After undergoing training in ''Experimental Transplantation and Transplantation Immunology'' at the School of Medicine, [[Tokai University]], Japan, under Professor K. Tanuji<ref name="Assam Tribune" /><ref name="Health Aid India" /> he carried on with his research on the topic. He has also participated in the ''International Transplant Observership programme'' at the [[Massachusetts General Hospital]], [[Boston]], USA in 2009. Sahariah is also credited with developing new techniques in ''islet and segmental pancreatic transplantation''.<ref name="Health Aid India">{{cite web | url=http://www.healthaidindia.com/Transplant-Surgeries-in-India/Kidney-Transplant-Surgeons-In-India.html | title=Health Aid India | publisher=Health Aid India | date=2008–2009 | access-date=October 3, 2014}}</ref> He has published his findings in many peer-reviewed journals.

==Awards and recognitions==
The [[Government of India]], in 2014, honoured Sahariah, by awarding him the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma" /> He has also received many other awards and recognitions such as:
* MAMS - Membership of the National Academy of Medical Sciences,<ref name="NAMS">{{cite web | url=http://www.nams-india.in/ | title=NAMS | publisher=NAMS | date=2014 | access-date=October 3, 2014}}</ref> New Delhi - 1979
* FICS - Fellowship of the [[International College of Surgeons]]
* FACS - Fellowship of the [[American College of Surgeons]] - 1983
* Dr. Brahmaiah Sastry Memorial Oration Award - [[Andhra Medical College]], Visakhapatnam - 2011
* Dr. R. V. S. Yadav Memorial Oration Award - Indian Society of Organ Transplantation,<ref name="ISOT">{{cite web | url=http://isot.co.in/ | title=ISOT | publisher=ISOT | date=2014 | access-date=October 3, 2014}}</ref> Ludhiana - 2008

Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra, in 2000, honoured Sahariah by appointing him as the [[Professor Emeritus status|Professor Emeritus]].

== Publications==
Saharaiah has written a book, ''My Journey with Kidney Transplantation'' describing his life experiences during 1974 - 2004 period. The book was released at a felicitation function organized by the [[Indian Medical Association]], Assam chapter.<ref name="Assam Tribune" /> He has published several research papers in peer-reviewed journals. A random selection of his articles reads as:

* {{cite journal | title=New onset of diabetes after transplantation - an overview of epidemiology, mechanism of development and diagnosis |author1=Kesiraju S |author2=Paritala P |author3=Sahariah S. | journal= Transpl. Immunol.|date=January 2014 | volume=30 | issue=1 | pages=52–58 | pmid=24184293 | doi=10.1016/j.trim.2013.10.006}}
* {{cite journal | title=Anti-thymocyte globulin versus basiliximab induction in renal transplant recipients: Long-term outcome |author1=Kesiraju S |author2=Paritala P |author3=Rao Ch UM |author4=Athmakuri SM |author5=Reddy VS |author6=Sahariah S. | journal= Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl|date=January 2014 | volume=25 | issue=1 | pages=9–15 | doi= 10.1016/j.trim.2013.10.006| pmid=24434376}}
* {{cite journal | title=porting of participant compliance in randomized controlled trials of nutrition supplements during pregnancy |author1=Kehoe SH |author2=Chheda PS |author3=Sahariah S |author4=Baird J |author5=Fall CH. | journal= Matern Child Nutr|date=April 2009 | volume=5 | issue=2 | pages=97–103 | pmid=19292744 | doi=10.1111/j.1740-8709.2008.00178.x| pmc=6860801 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Critical study on the significance of histocompatibility testing in renal transplantation: single-centre experience |author1=Lakshmi Kiran A |author2=Sahariah S |author3=Murthy KJ. | journal= Nephron|date=January 2000 | volume=84 | issue=1 | pages=79–80 | pmid=10644913 | doi=10.1159/000045543|s2cid=21203892 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Giant aneurysm of renal artery: surgical management |author1=Sajja LR |author2=Sitaram Reddy B |author3=Sahariah S |author4=Vijay Kumar D. | journal= Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann|date=June 2002 | volume=10 | issue=2 | pages=176–177 | pmid=12079949 | doi=10.1177/021849230201000222|s2cid=9062587 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Cost of epilepsy in patients attending a secondary-level hospital in India |author1=Krishnan A |author2=Sahariah SU |author3=Kapoor SK. | journal= Epilepsia|date=March 2004 | volume=45 | issue=3 | pages=289–291 | pmid=15009233 | doi=10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.41104.x| doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal | title=Development of a validated clinical case definition of generalized tonic-clonic seizures for use by community-based health care providers |author1=Anand K |author2=Jain S |author3=Paul E |author4=Srivastava A |author5=Sahariah SA |author6=Kapoor SK. | journal= Epilepsia|date=May 2005 | volume= 46|issue=5 | pages=743–750 | pmid=15857442 | doi=10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.41104.x|doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal | title=Mycetoma of lower extremity |author1=Sahariah S |author2=Sharma AK |author3=Mittal VK |author4=Yadav RV. | journal= J Postgrad Med|date=April 1978 | volume=24 | issue=2 | pages=113–116 | pmid=722604}}
* {{cite journal | title=Ocular complications amongst renal transplant patients |author1=Chugh KS |author2=Singhal PC |author3=Yadav RV |author4=Tewari SC |author5=Nath IV |author6=Kaul RK |author7=Sahariah S. | journal= J Assoc Physicians India|date=January 1979 | volume=27 | issue=1 | pages=27–31 | pmid=389920}}
* {{cite journal | title=Jaundice and hydatid disease of the liver |author1=Mittal VK |author2=Sahariah S |author3=Yadav RV. | journal= Am J Proctol Gastroenterol Colon Rectal Surg|date=July 1980 | volume=31 | issue=7 | pages=17–18, 30 | pmid=7435546}}
* {{cite journal | title=Crossmatching considerations in renal transplantation |author1=Kiran AL |author2=Vijayalakshmi V |author3=Murthy KJ |author4=Sahariah S. | journal= J Assoc Physicians India|date=August 1996 | volume=44 | issue=8 | pages=521–524 | pmid=9251421}}
* {{cite journal | title=Fatal respiratory obstruction due to round worm |author1=Mittal VK |author2=Dhaliwal R |author3=Yadav RV |author4=Sahariah S. | journal= Med J Aust|date=August 1976 | volume=2 |issue=6 | pages=210–212 |doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.1976.tb130111.x | pmid=979851|s2cid=30004150 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Angiosarcoma of the male breast |author1=Yadav RV |author2=Sahariah S |author3=Mittal VK |author4=Banerjee AK. | journal= Int Surg|date=September 1976 | volume=61 | issue=9 | pages=461–464 | pmid= 987026}}
* {{cite journal | title=High speed pneumatic drill biopsy in palapable lesions of the breast |author1=Sahariah S |author2=Datta BN |author3=Kaushik SP |author4=Sachdeva HS. | journal= Indian J Cancer|date=December 1976 | volume=13 | issue=4 | pages=306–309 | pmid=1022675}}
* {{cite journal | title=Stercoraceous perforation of colon: report of a case |author1=Sahariah S |author2=Gupta NM. | journal= Am Surg|date=March 1976 | volume=43 | issue=3 | pages=175–176 | pmid=842968}}
* {{cite journal | title=Acute intestinal obstruction due to gram seed. Report of a case |author1=Sahariah S |author2=Mitra SK |author3=Pathak IC. | journal= Indian J Pediatr|date=January 1975 | volume=42 | issue=324 | pages=29–31 |doi=10.1007/BF02753614 | pmid=1132904|s2cid=27677056 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Supraclavicular approach for upper dorsal sympathectomy |author1=Khanna SK |author2=Sahariah S |author3=Mittal VK. | journal= Vasc Surg|date=May–June 1975 | volume=9 | issue=3 | pages=151–159 | pmid=1199425 | doi=10.1177/153857447500900305|s2cid=26305372 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Bilateral malignant tumour of the testis. A case report |author1=Sahariah S |author2=Gupta NM |author3=Datta BN. | journal= Indian J Cancer|date=March 1976 | volume=13 | issue=1-3E760611-761022-3 | pages=81–83 | pmid=965029}}
* {{cite journal | title=Obstructed paraduodenal hernia in adults |author1=Sahariah S |author2=Khanna SK |author3=Gupta NM |author4=Mittal VK |author5=Kaushik SP. | journal= J Indian Med Assoc|date=April 1976 | volume= 66| issue=8 | pages=184–186 | pmid=965756}}

{{portal|India}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=50em}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahariah, Sarbeswar}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:People from Darrang district]]
[[Category:Indian medical researchers]]
[[Category:Indian nephrologists]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Assam]]
[[Category:Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research alumni]]

Asegaon, Yavatmal

2026-03-25T19:17:41Z

Rudratree: rework section and updated info

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Asegaon
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.4|N|78.13|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of tehsils of India|Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Babhulgaon tahsil|Babhulgaon]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of villages of India|Village]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Asegaon village|Asegaon]]
| elevation_m = 445
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 445001
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07232
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Asegaon''', also known as Asegoan Devi, is a village in [[Babhulgaon]], a [[tehsil]] of Yavatmal district of Maharashtra in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-06 |title=Rural aspiration: a father who dances with his daughter, a mother who bakes a Black Forest cake |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/rural-aspiration-a-father-daughter-mother-bakes-black-forest-cake-8365758/ |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-09 |title=आसेगाव देवीतील कृषिपंप चोरांच्या टोळीचा पर्दाफाश |url=https://www.lokmat.com/yavatmal/asegaon-devi-farmpump-thieves-expose-gang/ |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-08 |title=2 dead, 13 injured as jeep overturns on Samruddhi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/2-dead-13-injured-as-jeep-overturns-on-samruddhi/articleshow/118809292.cms |access-date=2026-03-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Mother Jagadamba is an ancient temple in the village. Anually, Navaratri festival is celebrated here.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Mother Jagdamba resides in the temple of Asegaon Devi; Various programs are organized |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/local/maharashtra/amravati/yavatmal/news/mother-jagdamba-seated-in-the-temple-of-asegaon-devi-organizing-various-events-130376587.html |access-date=25 March 2026 |website=Divyamarathi Bhaskar}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Rani Amravati]]

==References==
<references />
{{portal|India|Asia}}
{{Yavatmal-geo-stub}}
{{Maharashtra}}
{{Yavatmal district topics}}
[[Category:Villages in Yavatmal district]]

Bill Ayers

2026-03-23T10:34:57Z

Rudratree: refined page additionally and added references

{{short description|American professor and activist}}
{{pp-move}}
{{for-multi|the American baseball pitcher|Bill Ayers (baseball)|the Catholic priest, radio host, and hunger activist|Bill Ayres}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox scientist
| image = Bill Ayres 2012.jpg
| caption = Ayers in 2012
| birth_name = William Charles Ayers
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|12|26}}
| birth_place = [[Glen Ellyn, Illinois]], U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = [[Bernardine Dohrn]]
| children = 3, including [[Chesa Boudin]]
| field = [[Education]]
| work_institutions = [[University of Illinois at Chicago]]
| education = [[University of Michigan]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[Bank Street College of Education]] ([[Master of Education|MEd]]) [[Columbia University]] ([[Master of Education|MEd]], [[Doctor of Education|EdD]])
| known_for = Founder of the [[Weatherman (organization)|Weather Underground]] Urban educational reform
}}
'''William Charles Ayers''' ({{IPAc-en|ɛər|z}}; born December 26, 1944)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath2a.pdf |title=Weather Underground Organization (Weatherman) |date=August 20, 1976 |access-date=October 18, 2008 |publisher=FBI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031121928/http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath2a.pdf |archive-date=October 31, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> is an American retired professor and former community organizer. In 1969, Ayers co-founded the far-left militant organization the [[Weather Underground]], a revolutionary group that sought to overthrow the United States government which they viewed as [[American imperialism]].<ref>The Weathermen's founding manifesto, signed by Ayers and ten others, indicates, "The most important task for us toward making the revolution, and the work our collectives should engage in, is the creation of a mass revolutionary movement...akin to the [[Red Guards|Red Guard]] in China, based on the full participation and involvement of masses of people...with a full willingness to participate in the violent and illegal struggle. {{cite book |title= You Don't Need a Weatherman to Know Which Way the Wind Blows |last= Ayers |first= Bill |author2= Mark Rudd |author2-link= Mark Rudd |author3= Bernardine Dohrn |author3-link= Bernardine Dohrn |author4= Jeff Jones |author4-link= Jeff Jones (activist) |author5= Terry Robbinson |author6=Gerry Long |author7=Steve Tappis |publisher= Weatherman |page= 28 |url= https://archive.org/details/YouDontNeedAWeathermanToKnowWhichWayTheWindBlows_925 |access-date= November 19, 2009 |year=1969|display-authors=etal}}</ref> During the 1960s and 1970s, the Weather Underground conducted a campaign of bombing public buildings in [[Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War|opposition to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War]]. The bombings resulted in the deaths of three members, who were killed when one of the group's devices accidentally exploded. The [[FBI]] described the Weather Underground as a [[domestic terrorist]] group.<ref>{{cite web |title=Weather Underground Bombings |url=https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/weather-underground-bombings |access-date=30 November 2018 |publisher=Federal Bureau Of Investigation}}</ref> Ayers was hunted as a fugitive for several years, until charges were dropped due to illegal actions by the FBI agents pursuing him and others.

Ayers went on to become a professor in the College of Education at the [[University of Illinois at Chicago]], holding the titles of Distinguished Professor of Education and Senior University Scholar.<ref name="UIC"/> During the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 U.S. presidential campaign]], a [[Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy|controversy]] arose over his contacts with then-candidate [[Barack Obama]]. Investigations by ''The New York Times'', [[CNN]], and other news organizations concluded that Obama did not have a close relationship with Ayers.<ref name="Dobbs"/><ref name=nytoa>{{cite news |first=Scott |last=Shane |title=Obama and '60s Bomber: A Look Into Crossed Paths |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/04/us/politics/04ayers.html |work=The New York Times |date=October 3, 2008 |access-date=October 12, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211163318/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/04/us/politics/04ayers.html|archive-date=December 11, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cnnfc>{{cite news |title=Fact Check: Is Obama 'palling around with terrorists'? |url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/10/05/fact-check-is-obama-palling-around-with-terrorists/ |publisher=CNN |date=October 5, 2008 |access-date=October 12, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013010626/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/10/05/fact-check-is-obama-palling-around-with-terrorists/|archive-date=October 13, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=CNN |url=http://m.cnn.com/cnn/lt_ne/lt_ne/detail/178228 |title=Palin hits Obama for 'terrorist' connection |date=October 5, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622202847/http://m.cnn.com/cnn/lt_ne/lt_ne/detail/178228 |archive-date=June 22, 2015 }}</ref> He is married to lawyer and law professor [[Bernardine Dohrn]], who was also a leader in the Weather Underground.

==Early life==
Ayers grew up in [[Glen Ellyn, Illinois|Glen Ellyn]], a suburb of [[Chicago, Illinois]]. His parents were Mary (née Andrew) and [[Thomas G. Ayers]], who was later chairman and chief executive officer of [[Commonwealth Edison]] (1973 to 1980),<ref>{{cite news |author=Jackson, Cheryl V. |date=June 12, 2007 |title=Former ComEd CEO; Businessman also fought for equality |work=Chicago Sun-Times |page=49 |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=headline(Former%20ComEd%20CEO)%20AND%20date(6/12/2007%20to%206/12/2007)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=6/12/2007%20to%206/12/2007)&p_field_advanced-0=title&p_text_advanced-0=(Former%20ComEd%20CEO)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no |access-date=October 9, 2008 |archive-date=November 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106183429/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=headline%28Former%20ComEd%20CEO%29%20AND%20date%286%2F12%2F2007%20to%206%2F12%2F2007%29&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date%3AB%2CE&p_text_date-0=6%2F12%2F2007%20to%206%2F12%2F2007%29&p_field_advanced-0=title&p_text_advanced-0=%28Former%20ComEd%20CEO%29&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date%3AD&xcal_useweights=no |url-status=live }}</ref> and for whom [[Northwestern University|Northwestern]]'s [[Thomas G. Ayers College of Commerce and Industry]] was named.<ref>[http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2007/06/ayers.html Obituary: Thomas Ayers Served as Board Chair from 1975 to 1986] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423011202/http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2007/06/ayers.html |date=April 23, 2008 }} ''[[Northwestern University]]'', June 19, 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Cinnamon Swirl: Thomas G Ayers, 1915-2007|url=http://kimallen.sheepdogdesign.net/html/cinnamon/archive/2007_06_01_archive.html|website=kimallen.sheepdogdesign.net|access-date=December 17, 2016|date=June 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221023421/http://kimallen.sheepdogdesign.net/html/cinnamon/archive/2007_06_01_archive.html|archive-date=December 21, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> He attended [[Public school (government funded)|public schools]] until his second year in high school, when he transferred to [[Lake Forest Academy]], a small [[University-preparatory school|prep school]].<ref name=dtct091601>Terry, Don (Chicago Tribune staff reporter, [http://blogs.chicagotribune.com/news_columnists_ezorn/2008/08/the-calm-after.html "The calm after the storm"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207014432/http://blogs.chicagotribune.com/news_columnists_ezorn/2008/08/the-calm-after.html |date=February 7, 2015 }}, ''[[Chicago Tribune]] Magazine'', p 10, September 16, 2001, June 8, 2008</ref> Ayers earned a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in [[American Studies]] from the [[University of Michigan]] in 1968 (where his father, mother and older brother had preceded him).<ref name=dtct091601/>

Ayers was influenced at a 1965 Ann Arbor [[teach-in]] against the [[Vietnam War]], when [[Students for a Democratic Society (1960 organization)|Students for a Democratic Society]] (SDS) President Paul Potter, asked his audience, "How will you live your life so that it doesn't make a mockery of your values?" Ayers later wrote in his memoir, ''[[Fugitive Days]]'', that his reaction was: "You could not be a moral person with the means to act, and stand still. [...] To stand still was to choose indifference. Indifference was the opposite of moral".<ref name=dbjsh>Barber, David, [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2005/is_2_36/ai_95829307/print "Fugitive Days; A Memoir - Book Review"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013085637/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2005/is_2_36/ai_95829307/print |date=October 13, 2008 }}, Journal of Social History, Winter 2002, retrieved June 10, 2008</ref>

In 1965, Ayers joined a [[Picketing|picket line]] protesting an [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]] pizzeria for refusing to seat [[African Americans]]. His first arrest came for a [[sit-in]] at a local [[Conscription in the United States|draft board]], resulting in ten days in jail. His first teaching job came shortly afterward at the Children's Community School, a preschool with a very small enrollment operating in a church basement, founded by a group of students in emulation of the [[A. S. Neill|Summerhill]] method of education.<ref>Before "going underground", he published an account of this experience, ''Education: An American Problem''.</ref>

The school was a part of the nationwide "[[free school movement]]". Schools in the movement had no grades or report cards; they aimed to encourage cooperation rather than competition, and pupils addressed teachers by their [[Given name|first names]]. Within a few months, at age 21, Ayers became director of the school. There also he met [[Diana Oughton]], who would become his girlfriend until her death in 1970 during an accidental bomb explosion in the Weather Underground townhouse.<ref name=dtct091601/>

==Early activism==
{{further|Weather Underground}}
Ayers became involved in the [[New Left]] and the SDS.<ref>''Fugitive Days: A Memoir''</ref> He rose to national prominence as an SDS leader in 1968 and 1969 as head of an SDS regional group, the "[[Diana Oughton#SDS and the Jesse James Gang|Jesse James Gang]]".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H67qxcu35QMC&q=jesse+james+gang+diana+oughton&pg=PT204|title=Imagine Nation: The American Counterculture of the 1960s and 70's|editor=Peter Braunstein|editor2=Michael William Doyle|publisher=Routledge|date=July 4, 2013|isbn=9781136058905|access-date=October 16, 2020|archive-date=July 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718220948/https://books.google.com/books?id=H67qxcu35QMC&q=jesse+james+gang+diana+oughton&pg=PT204|url-status=live}}</ref>

The group Ayers headed in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], became one of the earliest gatherings of what became the Weathermen. Before the June 1969 SDS convention, Ayers became a prominent leader of the group, which arose as a result of a schism in SDS.<ref name=dbjsh/> "During that time his infatuation with street fighting grew and he developed a language of confrontational militancy that became more and more pronounced over the year [1969]", disaffected former Weathermen member [[Cathlyn Platt Wilkerson|Cathy Wilkerson]] wrote in 2001. Ayers had previously been a roommate of [[Terry Robbins]], a fellow militant who was killed in 1970 along with Ayers's girlfriend Oughton and one other member in the [[Greenwich Village townhouse explosion]], while constructing [[Anti-personnel weapon|anti-personnel bombs]] (nail bombs) intended for a [[non-commissioned officer]] dance at [[Fort Dix, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Cathy Wilkerson |url=http://www.zmag.org/zmag/viewArticle/12798 |title=Fugitive Days (book review) |publisher=Zmag magazine |date=December 1, 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416072625/http://www.zmag.org/zmag/viewArticle/12798 |archive-date=April 16, 2013 }}</ref>

In June 1969, the Weathermen took control of the SDS at its national convention, where Ayers was elected Education Secretary.<ref name="dbjsh" /> Later in 1969, Ayers participated in planting a bomb at a statue dedicated to police casualties in the 1886 [[Haymarket affair]] confrontation between labor supporters and the Chicago police.<ref name="Jacobs">Jacobs, Ron, ''The way the wind blew: a history of the Weather Underground'', London & New York: Verso, 1997. {{ISBN|1-85984-167-8}}</ref> The blast broke almost 100 windows and blew pieces of the statue onto the nearby [[Kennedy Expressway]].<ref name=Avrich431>{{cite book |last=Avrich |title=The Haymarket Tragedy |page=431}}</ref> (The statue was rebuilt and unveiled on May 4, 1970, and blown up again by other Weathermen on October 6, 1970.<ref name=Avrich431/><ref>Adelman. Haymarket Revisited, p. 40.</ref> Rebuilding it yet again, the city posted a 24-hour police guard to prevent another blast, and in January 1972 it was moved to [[Chicago Police Department|Chicago police headquarters]]).<ref>[http://www.chicagopolice.org/MailingList/PressAttachment/Haymarket.pdf Haymarket Memorial Statue Rededicated at Chicago Police Headquarters] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120231052/http://www.chicagopolice.org/MailingList/PressAttachment/Haymarket.pdf |date=January 20, 2009 }} [[Chicago Police Department]], June 1, 2007</ref>

Ayers participated in the [[Days of Rage]] riot in Chicago in October 1969, and in December was at the "War Council" meeting in [[Flint, Michigan|Flint]], [[Michigan]]. Two major decisions came out of the "War Council". The first was to immediately begin a [[Vanguardism|violent, armed struggle]] (e.g., bombings and armed robberies) against the state without first attempting to organize or mobilize a broad swath of the public. The second was to create underground collectives in major cities throughout the country.<ref>Good, "Brian Flanagan Speaks," ''Next Left Notes,'' 2005.</ref> [[Larry Grathwohl]], a [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] [[informant]] in the Weathermen group from the fall of 1969 to the spring of 1970, stated that "Ayers, along with Bernardine Dohrn, probably had the most authority within the Weathermen".<ref name=lgbda12>Grathwohl, Larry, and Frank, Reagan, ''Bringing Down America: An FBI Informant in with the Weathermen'', Arlington House, 1977, page 110</ref>

==Involvement with Weather Underground==
{{further|List of Weatherman actions}}
After the [[Greenwich Village townhouse explosion]] in 1970, in which Weatherman member [[Ted Gold]], Ayers's close friend [[Terry Robbins]], and Ayers's girlfriend, [[Diana Oughton]], were killed when a [[nail bomb]] being assembled in the house exploded, Ayers and several associates evaded pursuit by law enforcement officials. [[Kathy Boudin]] and [[Cathy Wilkerson]] survived the blast and fled. Criminal charges were not initially filed against Ayers at the time of the explosion, but the [[federal government]] later did file charges against him.<ref name=dtct091601/>

Ayers participated in the bombings of [[New York City Police Department]] headquarters in 1970, the [[United States Capitol]] building in 1971, and [[the Pentagon]] in 1972, as he noted in his 2001 book, ''[[Fugitive Days]]''. Ayers writes: <blockquote>Although the bomb that rocked the Pentagon was itsy-bitsy—weighing close to two pounds—it caused 'tens of thousands of dollars' of damage. The operation cost under $500, and no one was killed or even hurt.<ref>Bill Ayers, ''Fugitive Days'', pg. 261</ref> </blockquote>

After the bombing, Ayers became a fugitive. During this time, Ayers and fellow member Bernardine Dohrn married and remained fugitives together, changing identities, jobs and locations.

In 1973, Ayers co-authored the book ''Prairie Fire'' with other members of the Weather Underground. The book was dedicated to close to 200 people, including [[Harriet Tubman]], [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]], "All Who Continue to Fight", and "All Political Prisoners in the U.S."<ref>{{cite web|url= http://site2.littlegreenfootballs.com/pdf/Prairie-fire.pdf|title= Prairie Fire: The Politics of Revolutionary Anti-Imperialism:Political Statement of the Weather Underground|publisher= Communications Co.|author= Bernardine Dohrn|author2= Billy Ayers|author3= Jeff Jones|author4= Celia Sojourn|date= May 9, 1974|access-date= January 20, 2013|archive-date= May 16, 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110516171509/http://site2.littlegreenfootballs.com/pdf/Prairie-fire.pdf|url-status= live}}</ref> The book dedication also included [[Sirhan Sirhan]], the convicted assassin of [[Robert F. Kennedy]].<ref>Harvey E. Klehr (1991) ''Far Left of Center: The American Radical Left Today'', Transaction Publishers, p 108 {{ISBN|0-88738-875-2}}</ref>

In 1973, new information came to light about FBI operations targeted against Weather Underground and the New Left, all part of a series of covert and often illegal FBI projects called [[COINTELPRO]].<ref>Why Weren't Bill Ayers and Bernadette Dohrn Convicted of Terrorism? [http://salon.glenrose.net/default.asp?view=plink&id=8935 Glenrose.net] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230234116/http://salon.glenrose.net/default.asp?view=plink&id=8935 |date=December 30, 2010 }}</ref> Due to the illegal tactics of FBI agents involved with the program, including conducting [[Wiretapping|wiretaps]] and [[Search and seizure|property searches]] without warrants, government attorneys requested all weapons-related and bomb-related charges be dropped against the Weather Underground, including charges against Ayers.<ref name="autogenerated1">Jeremy Varon, ''Bringing the War Home: the Weather Underground, the Red Army Faction and Revolutionary Violence in the Sixties and Seventies'', (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), p. 297.</ref><ref>Peter Jamison, Riverfront Times, [http://www.riverfronttimes.com/2009-09-16/news/blown-to-peaces-weather-underground-leaders-claimed-bombings-devised-to-avoid-bloodshed-fbi-agents-suspect-radical-70s-group-killed-cop-in-name-of-revolution/4/ Blown to Peaces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225454/http://www.riverfronttimes.com/2009-09-16/news/blown-to-peaces-weather-underground-leaders-claimed-bombings-devised-to-avoid-bloodshed-fbi-agents-suspect-radical-70s-group-killed-cop-in-name-of-revolution/4/ |date=July 14, 2014 }}, September 16, 2009</ref>

However, state charges against Dohrn remained. Dohrn was still reluctant to turn herself in to authorities. "He was sweet and patient, as he always is, to let me come to my senses on my own," she later said of Ayers.<ref name=dtct091601/> She turned herself in to authorities in 1980. She was fined $1,500 and given three years probation.<ref>Susan Chira, [https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/18/garden/at-home-with-bernadine-dohrn-same-passion-new-tactics.html?sq=Bernardine+Dohrn&scp=1&st=cse At home with: Bernadine Dohrn; Same Passion, New Tactics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727212605/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/18/garden/at-home-with-bernadine-dohrn-same-passion-new-tactics.html?sq=Bernardine+Dohrn&scp=1&st=cse |date=July 27, 2018 }}, ''The New York Times'', November 18, 1993</ref>

===Later reflections on underground period===

====''Fugitive Days: A Memoir''====
{{Main article|Fugitive Days}}

In 2001, Ayers published ''[[Fugitive Days|Fugitive Days: A Memoir]]'', which he explained in part as an attempt to answer the questions of [[Chesa Boudin|Kathy Boudin's son]] and his own speculation that Diana Oughton died trying to stop the Greenwich Village bomb-makers.<ref>Marcia Froelke Coburn, [http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/August-2001/No-Regrets/ No Regrets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511180234/http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/August-2001/No-Regrets/ |date=May 11, 2008 }}, ''Chicago Magazine'', August 2001</ref> Some have questioned the truth, accuracy, and tone of the book. [[Brent Staples]] wrote for ''[[The New York Times Book Review]]'' that "Ayers reminds us often that he can't tell everything without endangering people involved in the story."<ref>Staples, Brent, [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/30/books/the-oldest-rad.html?pagewanted=print "The Oldest Rad"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727212445/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/30/books/the-oldest-rad.html?pagewanted=print |date=July 27, 2018 }}, book review of ''Fugitive Days'' by Bill Ayers in ''New York Times Book Review'', September 30, 2001, accessed June 5, 2008</ref> Historian Jesse Lemisch (himself a former member of SDS) contrasted Ayers's recollections with those of other former members of the Weathermen, and claimed that the book had many errors.<ref>Jesse Lemisch, [http://newpol.org/content/weather-underground-rises-ashes-theyre-baack Weather Underground Rises from the Ashes: They're Baack!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222115445/http://newpol.org/content/weather-underground-rises-ashes-theyre-baack |date=February 22, 2015 }}, ''New Politics'', Summer 2006</ref> Ayers, in the foreword to his book, stated that it was written as his personal memories and impressions over time, not a scholarly research project.<ref name="Smith">Dinitia Smith, [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/11/books/no-regrets-for-love-explosives-memoir-sorts-war-protester-talks-life-with.html&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all No Regrets for a Love Of Explosives; In a Memoir of Sorts, a War Protester Talks of Life With the Weathermen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123190644/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/11/books/no-regrets-for-love-explosives-memoir-sorts-war-protester-talks-life-with.html%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3Dall |date=November 23, 2018 }}, ''The New York Times'', September 11, 2001</ref> Reviewing Ayers's memoir in ''[[Slate Magazine]]'', [[Timothy Noah]] said that he could not recall reading "a memoir quite so self-indulgent and morally clueless as ''Fugitive Days''".<ref>[http://www.slate.com/id/1008160/ "Radical Chic Resurgent", by Timothy Noah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204012645/http://www.slate.com/id/1008160/ |date=December 4, 2008 }}, [[Slate Magazine]], August 22, 2001</ref> [[Studs Terkel]] called Ayers's memoir "a deeply moving elegy to all those young dreamers who tried to live decently in an indecent world".<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0142002550 Fugitive Days: A Memoir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313133430/https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0142002550 |date=March 13, 2021 }} at Amazon; scroll down for Terkel blurb.</ref>

====Statements made in 2001====
''[[Chicago Magazine]]'' reported that "just before the September 11th attacks", [[Richard Elrod]], a city lawyer injured in the Weathermen's Chicago "Days of Rage", received an apology from Ayers and Dohrn for their part in the violence. "They were remorseful," Elrod says. "They said, 'We're sorry that things turned out this way.{{'"}}<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/December-2006/Sudden-Impact/ |title=Sudden Impact|magazine=Chicago Magazine|author=Bryan Smith |date=December 2006 |access-date=October 18, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081010141846/http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/December-2006/Sudden-Impact/| archive-date= October 10, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref>

Much of the controversy about Ayers during the decade since 2000 stems from an interview he gave to [[Dinitia Smith]] for ''[[The New York Times]]'' on the occasion of the memoir's publication on September 11, 2001.<ref>NB that, although the interview was published on 9/11, it was completed prior to that and cannot be properly construed as a reaction to the events of that day.</ref> The reporter quoted him as saying "I don't regret setting bombs" and "I feel we didn't do enough", and, when asked if he would "do it all again", as responding "I don't want to discount the possibility."<ref name="Smith"/>

Four days later, Ayers protested the interviewer's characterizations in a [[Letter to the Editor]] published September 15, 2001: "This is not a question of being misunderstood or 'taken out of context' but of deliberate distortion."<ref>Bill Ayers, [http://billayers.wordpress.com/2008/04/21/clarifying-the-facts-a-letter-to-the-new-york-times-9-15-2001/ Clarifying the Facts— a letter to ''The New York Times'', 9-15-2001] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512134745/http://billayers.wordpress.com/2008/04/21/clarifying-the-facts-a-letter-to-the-new-york-times-9-15-2001/ |date=May 12, 2011 }}, ''Bill Ayers (blog)'', April 21, 2008</ref> In the ensuing years, Ayers has repeatedly avowed that, when he said he had "no regrets" and that "we didn't do enough", he was speaking only in reference to his efforts to stop the United States from waging the [[Vietnam War]], efforts which he has described as "inadequate [as] the war dragged on for a decade".<ref name="Regrets">Bill Ayers, [http://billayers.wordpress.com/2008/04/06/episodic-notoriety-fact-and-fantasy/ Episodic Notoriety–Fact and Fantasy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412092737/http://billayers.wordpress.com/2008/04/06/episodic-notoriety-fact-and-fantasy/ |date=April 12, 2008 }}, ''Bill Ayers (blog)'', April 6, 2008</ref> Ayers has maintained that the two statements were not intended to imply a wish they had set more bombs.<ref name="Regrets"/><ref>Bill Ayers, [http://billayers.wordpress.com/2008/03/03/im-sorry-i-think WordPress.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509190121/http://billayers.wordpress.com/2008/03/03/im-sorry-i-think/ |date=May 9, 2008 }}, I'm Sorry!!!!... I think, ''Bill Ayers (blog)''</ref>

In a November 2008 interview with ''[[The New Yorker]]'', Ayers said that he had not meant to imply that he wished he and the Weathermen had committed further violence. Instead, he said, "I wish I had done more, but it doesn't mean I wish we'd bombed more shit." Ayers said that he had never been responsible for violence against other people and was acting to end a war in Vietnam in which "thousands of people were being killed every week". He also stated, "While we did claim several extreme acts, they were acts of extreme radicalism against property," and "We killed no one and hurt no one. Three of our people killed themselves."<ref name="NYAyers">{{cite magazine |first=David |last=Remnick |author-link=David Remnick |title=Mr. Ayers's Neighborhood |url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/tny/2008/11/mr-ayerss-neighborhood.html?yrail |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=November 4, 2008 |access-date=November 5, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081224081950/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/tny/2008/11/mr-ayerss-neighborhood.html?yrail| archive-date= December 24, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> The interview mentioned an alleged quote of his, "Kill all the rich people. Break up their cars and apartments. Bring the revolution home, kill your parents, that's where it's really at."<ref name="Smith" /> Ayers responded saying that he didn't recall saying that, but that "it's been quoted so many times I'm beginning to think I did. It was a joke about the distribution of wealth.'"<ref name="Smith" /> The interviewer also quoted some of Ayers's own criticisms of the Weathermen in the foreword to the memoir, in which Ayers reacts to having watched [[Emile de Antonio]]'s 1976 [[documentary film]] about the Weathermen, ''[[Underground (documentary film)|Underground]]'': "[Ayers] was 'embarrassed by the arrogance, the solipsism, the absolute certainty that we and we alone knew the way. The rigidity and the narcissism.{{'"}}<ref name="Smith" />

"We weren't terrorists," Ayers told an interviewer for the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' in 2001. "The reason we weren't terrorists is because we did not commit random acts of terror against people. Terrorism was what was being practiced in the countryside of Vietnam by the United States."<ref name="dtct091601" />

In a later letter to the editor in the ''Chicago Tribune'', Ayers wrote, "I condemn all forms of terrorism—individual, group and official". He also condemned the [[September 11 terrorist attacks]] in that letter.<ref>Ayers, Bill, letter to the editor, ''Chicago Tribune'', September 23, 2001, retrieved June 8, 2008</ref>

====Views on his past expressed since 2001====
Ayers was asked in a January 2004 interview, "How do you feel about what you did? Would you do it again under similar circumstances?" He replied:<ref>Web page titled [https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/weatherunderground/interview.html "Weather Underground/ Exclusive interview: Bernardine Dohrn and Bill Ayers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831185955/http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/weatherunderground/interview.html |date=August 31, 2017 }}, Independent Lens website, accessed June 5, 2008</ref> "I've thought about this a lot. Being almost 60, it's impossible to not have lots and lots of regrets about lots and lots of things, but the question of did we do something that was horrendous, awful? [...] I don't think so. I think what we did was to respond to a situation that was unconscionable."

On September 9, 2008, journalist [[Jake Tapper]] copied to his [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] "Political Punch" blog and opined on a four-panel comic strip by Ryan Alexander-Tanner from Bill Ayers's blog.<ref name="Tapper 2008">{{cite web|last=Alexander-Tanner|first=Ryan|date=September 2, 2008|title=bill ayers speaks|work=Ryan Alexander-Tanner's blog|publisher=ohyesverynice.com|url=http://ohyesverynice.com/blog/2008/09/bill-ayers-speaks/|access-date=December 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228103350/http://ohyesverynice.com/blog/2008/09/bill-ayers-speaks/|archive-date=December 28, 2013|url-status=dead}} {{cite web|last=Ayers|first=Bill|date=September 2008|title=amessagefrombillayersreformat.jpg|work=Bill Ayers' blog|publisher=billayers.wordpress.com|url=http://billayers.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/amessagefrombillayersreformat.jpg|access-date=December 27, 2013|archive-date=March 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313103111/https://billayers.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/amessagefrombillayersreformat.jpg|url-status=live}} {{cite web|last1=Gewargis|first1=Natalie|last2=Tapper|first2=Jake|date=September 9, 2008|title=In a not-remotely-comic strip, Bill Ayers weighs in on what he meant by 'we didn't do enough' to end Vietnam War|work=Political Punch blog|publisher=ABC News|url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2008/09/in-a-not-remote.html|access-date=September 10, 2008|archive-date=September 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910011430/http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2008/09/in-a-not-remote.html|url-status=live}} {{cite web|last=Smith|first=Ben|date=September 9, 2008|title=Ayers explains|work=Ben Smith's blog|publisher=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/ben-smith/2008/09/ayers-explains-011667|access-date=December 27, 2013|archive-date=December 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229075911/http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0908/Ayers_explains.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the comic strip, the Ayers cartoon character says: "The one thing I don't regret is opposing the war in Vietnam with every ounce of my being... When I say, 'We didn't do enough,' a lot of people rush to think, 'That must mean, "We didn't bomb enough shit.{{"'}} But that's not the point at all. It's not a tactical statement, it's an obvious political and ethical statement. In this context, 'we' means 'everyone.{{'"}}<ref name="Tapper 2008"/>

After the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 presidential election]], Ayers published an [[op-ed]] piece in ''The New York Times'' giving his assessment of his activism. "The Weather Underground crossed lines of legality, of propriety and perhaps even of common sense. Our effectiveness can be—and still is being—debated," he wrote.<ref name="real">{{Cite news |last=Ayers |first=William |date=December 6, 2008 |title=The Real Bill Ayers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/06/opinion/06ayers.html?_r=2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107224620/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/06/opinion/06ayers.html?_r=2 |archive-date=November 7, 2016 |access-date=February 6, 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times |pages=A21}}</ref> He also reiterated his rebuttal to the description of his actions as terrorism, despite the use of [[Shrapnel shell|shrapnel devices]]:
<blockquote>The Weather Underground went on to take responsibility for placing several small bombs in empty offices... We did carry out symbolic acts of extreme vandalism directed at monuments to war and racism, and the attacks on property, never on people, were meant to respect human life and convey outrage and determination to end the Vietnam war. Peaceful protests had failed to stop the war. So we issued a screaming response. But it was not terrorism; we were not engaged in a campaign to kill and injure people indiscriminately, spreading fear and suffering for political ends.<ref name="real" /></blockquote>

[[Feminist]] critic [[Katha Pollitt]] criticized Ayers's opinion piece as a "sentimentalized, self-justifying whitewash of his role in the weirdo violent fringe of the 1960s–1970s antiwar left". She says Ayers and his Weathermen cohorts made "the antiwar movement look like the enemy of ordinary people" during the [[Vietnam War]] era.<ref>Pollitt, Katha. [http://www.thenation.com/blog/bill-ayers-whitewashes-history-again "Bill Ayers Whitewashes History, Again"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013022920/http://www.thenation.com/blog/bill-ayers-whitewashes-history-again |date=October 13, 2012 }}, [[The Nation]] magazine (December 8, 2008).</ref>

==Academic career==

Ayers is a retired professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Education. His interests include teaching for [[social justice]], urban educational reform, narrative and interpretive research, children in trouble with the law, and related issues.<ref name="UIC">[http://education.uic.edu/directory/faculty_info.cfm?netid=bayers William Ayers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930164535/http://education.uic.edu/directory/faculty_info.cfm?netid=bayers |date=September 30, 2008 }} ''[[University of Illinois at Chicago]], College of Education''</ref> He began his career in primary education while an undergraduate, teaching at the Children's Community School (CCS), a project founded by a group of students and based on the Summerhill method of education. After leaving the underground, he earned an M.Ed from [[Bank Street College]] in Early Childhood Education (1984), an M.Ed from [[Teachers College, Columbia University]] in Early Childhood Education (1987) and an Ed.D from Teachers College, Columbia University in Curriculum and Instruction (1987).

Ayers was elected vice president for curriculum studies by the [[American Educational Research Association]] in 2008.<ref>[http://www.aera.net/AboutAERA/Default.aspx?menu_id=18&id=321 Aera.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224221232/http://www.aera.net/AboutAERA/Default.aspx?menu_id=18&id=321 |date=December 24, 2008 }}, 2008 AERA Election Results, American Educational Research Association</ref> William H. Schubert, a fellow professor at the [[University of Illinois at Chicago]], wrote that his election was "a testimony of [Ayers's] stature and [the] high esteem he holds in the field of education locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theragblog.blogspot.com/2008/10/dr-william-h-schubert-bill-ayers-i-know.html|title=Dr. William H. Schubert : The Bill Ayers I Know|first=Thorne|last=Dreyer|date=October 15, 2008|access-date=December 21, 2008|archive-date=July 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708070540/http://theragblog.blogspot.com/2008/10/dr-william-h-schubert-bill-ayers-i-know.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Writer [[Sol Stern]], a conservative opponent of progressive education policies, has criticized Ayers as having a virulent "hatred of America", and said, "Calling Bill Ayers a school reformer is a bit like calling Joseph Stalin an agricultural reformer."<ref>[http://www.city-journal.org/2008/eon1006ss.html "The Bomber as School Reformer"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106003455/http://www.city-journal.org/2008/eon1006ss.html |date=January 6, 2009 }}, City Journal, October 6, 2008</ref><ref name=no>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122411943821339043 "Ayers Is No Education 'Reformer'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705111411/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122411943821339043 |date=July 5, 2017 }} ''The Wall Street Journal'', October 16, 2008</ref> Ayers has edited and written several books and articles on education theory, policy and practice, and has received several honors for his work. His book ''To Teach: The Journey of A Teacher'' was named the Kappa Delta Pi Book of the Year in 1993 and subsequently won the Witten award for Distinguished Work in Biography and Autobiography in 1995.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.kdp.org/aboutkdp/laureates/ayerswilliam.php | work=[[Kappa Delti Pi]] | title=William C. Ayers - 2000 | access-date=April 25, 2020 | archive-date=July 26, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726235050/https://www.kdp.org/aboutkdp/laureates/ayerswilliam.php | url-status=live }}</ref> On August 5, 2010, Ayers announced his intent to retire from the University of Illinois at Chicago.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/2570004,ayers-to-retire-080510.article | work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] | title=Bill Ayers to retire from UIC | first=Kara | last=Spak | date=August 5, 2010 | access-date=August 8, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921124812/http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/2570004,ayers-to-retire-080510.article | archive-date=September 21, 2010 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

On September 23, 2010, Ayers was unanimously denied [[professor emeritus|emeritus]] status by the University of Illinois, after a speech by the university's [[chairman of the board|board chair]] [[Christopher G. Kennedy]] (son of assassinated U.S. Senator [[Robert F. Kennedy]]), containing the quote "I intend to vote against conferring the honorific title of our university to a man whose body of work includes a book dedicated in part to the man who murdered my father, Robert F. Kennedy."<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.chicagobreakingnews.com/2010/09/ayers-denied-emeritus-status-after-plea-from-chris-kennedy.html | work=[[Chicago Tribune]] | title=Ayers denied emeritus status after plea from Chris Kennedy | first=Jodi | last=Cohen | date=September 23, 2010 | access-date=September 23, 2010 | archive-date=September 26, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926094010/http://www.chicagobreakingnews.com/2010/09/ayers-denied-emeritus-status-after-plea-from-chris-kennedy.html | url-status=live }}</ref> He added, "There is nothing more antithetical to the hopes for a university that is lively and yet civil...than to permanently seal off debate with one's opponents by killing them".<ref name="che_2011">Brown, R. (2011) ''Emeritus Status: It's a Matter of Honor, Especially When It's Denied'', [[The Chronicle of Higher Education]] '''57'''(43), A8-A9.</ref> Kennedy referred to the 1974 book ''Prairie Fire: The Politics of Revolutionary Anti-Imperialism,'' written by Ayers and other Weather Underground members. The book was dedicated to a list of over 200 revolutionary figures, musicians and others, including [[Sirhan Sirhan]], who was convicted of the 1968 assassination of Robert F. Kennedy and sentenced to life in prison.<ref name="CLT-Emeritus">{{cite news |url=http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2010/09/23/1714055/u-of-ill-denies-ayers-emeritus.html |title=U. of Ill. denies William Ayers emeritus status |first=David |last=Mercer |work=[[The Charlotte Observer]] |date=September 24, 2010 |access-date=September 24, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Ayers denied having ever dedicated a book to Sirhan Sirhan and accused right-wing bloggers of having started a rumor to that effect.<ref>
*{{cite news|url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/2864596,CST-NWS-ayers04.article |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107060523/http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/2864596,CST-NWS-ayers04.article |archive-date=November 7, 2010 |title=Ayers: Book dedication a lie: '60s radical, retired prof denies paying tribute to Robert Kennedy's killer |author=Spak, Kara |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=November 4, 2010 |url-status=dead}}
*{{cite web|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|title=Bill Ayers Denies Dedicating Book To Sirhan Sirhan|date=November 4, 2010|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/11/04/bill-ayers-denies-dedicat_n_778871.html|access-date=February 16, 2011|archive-date=November 11, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111085349/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/11/04/bill-ayers-denies-dedicat_n_778871.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In an October 2010 ''[[Chicago Sun-Times|Chicago Sun Times]]'' editorial entitled "Attacks on Ayers Distort Our History," former students of Ayers and [[University of Illinois at Chicago|UIC]] alumni, Daniel Schneider and Adam Kuranishi, responded in opposition to the University of Illinois Board of Trustees' decision to deny Ayers emeritus status.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/otherviews/2787544,CST-EDT-open10.article|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308043257/http://www.suntimes.com/news/otherviews/2787544,CST-EDT-open10.article|title=Attacks on Ayers distort our history|newspaper =Chicago Sun Times|date=October 10, 2010|archive-date=March 8, 2013}}</ref>

==Civic and political life==
Ayers worked with Chicago Mayor [[Richard M. Daley]] in shaping the city's school reform program,<ref name=Daley>Mike Dorning and Rick Pearson, [http://blogs.trb.com/news/politics/blog/2008/04/daley_dont_tar_obama_for_ayers.html Daley: Don't tar Obama for Ayers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821150215/http://blogs.trb.com/news/politics/blog/2008/04/daley_dont_tar_obama_for_ayers.html |date=August 21, 2008 }}, ''The Chicago Tribune'', April 17, 2008</ref> and was one of three co-authors of the [[Chicago Annenberg Challenge]] grant proposal that in 1995 won $49.2 million over five years for public school reform.<ref name="CAC">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24142573.html?dids=24142573:24142573&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|title=Schools go after windfall; Millions for reform could be holiday gift|author1=Storch, Charles|date=October 23, 1994|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=September 18, 2008|author2=Haynes, V. Dion|page=1|archive-date=December 26, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226211726/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24142573.html?dids=24142573:24142573&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|url-status=dead}} {{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/20664243.html?dids=20664243:20664243&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|title=Philanthropist puts his money on city schools|author1=Storch, Charles|date=January 21, 1995|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=September 18, 2008|author2=Haynes, V. Dion|page=1|archive-date=December 26, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226211721/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/20664243.html?dids=20664243:20664243&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|url-status=dead}} {{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/20667813.html?dids=20667813:20667813&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|title=School reformers getting wish; Unity, commitment led to $49.2 million gift|author=Storch, Charles|date=January 23, 1995|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=September 18, 2008|page=1|archive-date=December 26, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226211317/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/20667813.html?dids=20667813:20667813&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|url-status=dead}} {{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/20668992.html?dids=20668992:20668992&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|title=A clear present; Annenberg's millions bring hope to Chicago schools|author1=Haynes, V. Dion|date=January 24, 1995|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=September 18, 2008|author2=Heard, Jacquelyn|page=1|archive-date=December 26, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226211237/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/20668992.html?dids=20668992:20668992&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|url-status=dead}} {{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/20680871.html?dids=20680871:20680871&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|title=A booster shot for Chicago's public schools|author1=Ayers, William|date=January 31, 1995|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=September 18, 2008|author2=Chapman, Warren|page=15 (Perspective)|author3=Hallett, Anne|archive-date=December 26, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226211110/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/20680871.html?dids=20680871:20680871&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT|url-status=dead}} {{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/qws/as/qr?term=David+Kipen&smode=exact&Submit=S&Go.x=37&Go.y=13&Go=Search&scope=byline&source=chronicle&period=30d&dmode=range&minm=10&mind=03&miny=2001&maxm=10&maxd=03&maxy=2001|title=Former '70s radical finds lessons in WTC tragedy|author=Kipen, David|date=October 3, 2001|work=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=September 18, 2008|page=B1|archive-date=December 26, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226213355/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/qws/as/qr?term=David+Kipen&smode=exact&Submit=S&Go.x=37&Go.y=13&Go=Search&scope=byline&source=chronicle&period=30d&dmode=range&minm=10&mind=03&miny=2001&maxm=10&maxd=03&maxy=2001|url-status=dead}} {{cite journal|author=Weissmann, Dan|date=October 1994|title=Reform group maps plan to spend $50 million|journal=Catalyst: A Publication of Community Renewal Society|volume=6|issue=2|page=24|issn=1058-6830}} {{cite journal|author=Weissmann, Dan|date=March 1995|title=Annenberg architects get ball rolling|journal=Catalyst: A Publication of Community Renewal Society|volume=6|issue=6|pages=20–1|issn=1058-6830}} {{cite journal|author=Richardson, Lynette|date=June 1995|title=Applications for Annenberg due out soon|journal=Catalyst: A Publication of Community Renewal Society|volume=6|issue=9|page=20|issn=1058-6830}} {{cite book|url=http://ccsr.uchicago.edu/content/publications.php?pub_id=54|title=The Chicago Annenberg Challenge: The first three years|author1=Shipps, Dorothy|author2=Sconzert, Karin|author3=Swyers, Holly|date=March 1999|publisher=Consortium on Chicago School Research|location=Chicago|oclc=50759574|access-date=September 18, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210140533/http://ccsr.uchicago.edu/content/publications.php?pub_id=54|archive-date=December 10, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1997, Chicago awarded him its Citizen of the Year award for his work on the project.<ref name="Drew Griffin and Kathleen Johnston">{{cite news |first1=Drew|last1=Griffin |first2=Kathleen|last2=Johnston |name-list-style=amp |date=October 7, 2008 |title=Ayers and Obama crossed paths on boards, records show |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/10/07/obama.ayers/?iref=hpmostpop |work=CNN |access-date=October 8, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081011030431/http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/10/07/obama.ayers/?iref=hpmostpop| archive-date= October 11, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> Since 1999, he has served on the board of directors of the [[Woods Fund of Chicago]], an anti-[[poverty]], [[Philanthropy|philanthropic]] [[Foundation (nonprofit organization)|foundation]] established as the Woods Charitable Fund in 1941.<ref>{{cite web|author=Woods Fund of Chicago |year=2008 |title=About the Woods Fund: Staff & Board Directory |publisher=Woods Fund of Chicago |url=http://www.woodsfund.org/about/staff |access-date=October 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914090704/http://www.woodsfund.org/about/staff |archive-date=September 14, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' columnist [[Thomas Frank (political commentator)|Thomas Frank]] praised Ayers as a "model citizen" and a scholar whose "work is esteemed by colleagues of different political viewpoints".<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122402888900234543 "My Friend Bill Ayers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125052559/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122402888900234543 |date=November 25, 2017 }}, ''The Wall Street Journal'', October 15, 2008</ref>

According to Ayers, his radical past occasionally affects him, as when, by his account, he was asked not to attend a [[Progressivism|progressive]] educators' conference in the fall of 2006 on the basis that the organizers did not want to risk an association with his past. On January 18, 2009, on his way to speak about education reform at the Centre for Urban Schooling at the [[University of Toronto]], he was refused admission to Canada when he arrived at the [[Toronto City Centre Airport]] although he had traveled to Canada more than a dozen times in the past. According to Ayers, "It seems very arbitrary. The border agent said I had a conviction for a felony from 1969. I have several arrests for misdemeanors, but not for felonies."<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090119.wayers0119/BNStory/International/home "Ayers denied entry to Canada"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123024348/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090119.wayers0119/BNStory/International/home |date=January 23, 2009 }}, ''Globe and Mail'', January 19, 2009</ref>

===Political views===
In an interview published in 1995, Ayers characterized his political beliefs at that time and in the 1960s and 1970s: "I am a radical, Leftist, small 'c' communist ... [Laughs] Maybe I'm the last communist who is willing to admit it. [Laughs] We have always been small 'c' communists in the sense that we were never in the [[Communist Party USA|Communist party]] and never [[Stalinists]]. The ethics of communism still appeal to me. I don't like [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] as much as the early Marx. I also like [[Henry David Thoreau]], [[Mary Harris Jones|Mother Jones]] and [[Jane Addams]] [...]".<ref>Chepesiuk, Ron, "Sixties Radicals, Then and Now: Candid Conversations With Those Who Shaped the Era", McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers: Jefferson, North Carolina, 1995, "Chapter 5: Bill Ayers: Radical Educator", p. 102</ref>

In 1970, ''The New York Times'' called Ayers "a national leader"<ref>Flint, Jerry, M., "2d Blast Victim's Life Is Traced: Miss Oughton Joined a Radical Faction After College", news article, ''The New York Times'', March 19, 1970</ref> of the [[Weatherman (organization)|Weatherman organization]] and "one of the chief theoreticians of the Weathermen".<ref>Kifner, John, "That's what the Weathermen are supposed to be ... 'Vandals in the Mother Country'", article, ''The New York Times'' magazine, January 4, 1970, page 15</ref> The Weathermen were initially part of the [[Revolutionary Youth Movement]] (RYM) within the SDS, splitting from the RYM's [[Maoist]]s by claiming there was no time to build a [[vanguard party]] and that revolutionary war against the United States government and the [[capitalism|capitalist system]] should begin immediately. Their founding document called for the establishment of a "white fighting force" to be allied with the "[[Black power movement|Black Liberation Movement]]" and other [[Decolonization|"anti-colonial"]] movements<ref name="Berger">{{cite book|title=Outlaws of America: The Weather Underground and the Politics of Solidarity|author=Berger, Dan|page=95|publisher=[[AK Press]]|year=2006}}</ref> to achieve "the destruction of US imperialism and the achievement of a classless world: world communism".<ref name="Weatherman">See document 5, {{cite web|url=http://martinrealm.org/documents/radical/sixties1.html|title=You Don't Need a Weatherman to Know Which Way the Wind Blows.|access-date=April 11, 2008|author=Revolutionary Youth Movement|year=1969 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308072136/http://martinrealm.org/documents/radical/sixties1.html  |archive-date=March 8, 2008}}</ref>

In June 1974, the Weather Underground released a 151-page volume titled ''Prairie Fire'', which stated: "We are a [[guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] organization [...] We are communist women and men underground in the United States [...]"<ref>Franks, Lucinda, "U.S. Inquiry Finds 37 In Weather Underground", news article, ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 3, 1975</ref> The Weatherman leadership, including Ayers, pushed for a radical reformulation of sexual relations under the slogan "Smash [[Monogamy]]".<ref>Ron Jacobs, ''The Way the Wind Blew'', p. 46.</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/11/books/no-regrets-for-love-explosives-memoir-sorts-war-protester-talks-life-with.html No Regrets for a Love Of Explosives; In a Memoir of Sorts, a War Protester Talks of Life With the Weathermen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503200912/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/11/books/no-regrets-for-love-explosives-memoir-sorts-war-protester-talks-life-with.html |date=May 3, 2019 }} ''The New York Times'', September 11, 2001</ref> Radical bomber and feminist<ref>{{cite news|url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10715FA3F5E157493C6A8178AD85F418785F9|title=The 4-Year Odyssey of Jane Alpert, From Revolutionary Bomber to Feminist|last=Franks|first=Lucinda|date=January 14, 1975|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 21, 2008|archive-date=October 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002222522/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10715FA3F5E157493C6A8178AD85F418785F9|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jane Alpert]] criticized the Weatherman group in 1974 for still being dominated by men, including Ayers, and referred to his "callous treatment and abandonment of [[Diana Oughton]] before her death, and for his generally fickle and high-handed treatment of women".<ref>[http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/mother/ ''Mother Right: A New Feminist Theory''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219175710/http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/mother/ |date=December 19, 2008 }}, Special Collections Library, Duke University</ref>

Larry Grathwohl, an undercover FBI agent who infiltrated The Weather Underground, says Ayers told him where to plant bombs. He says Ayers was bent on overthrowing the government. In response to Grathwohl's claims, Ayers stated, "Now that's being blown into dishonest narratives about hurting people, killing people, planning to kill people. That's just not true. We destroyed government property".<ref name=Alanwang>[https://abc7news.com/archive/6630368/ Ayers' speech interrupted by protesters] by Alan Wang, ABC7 News, KGO-TV San Francisco, January 28, 2009.</ref>

On June 18, 2013, Ayers gave an interview to [[RealClearPolitics]]' "Morning Commute" in which he stated that every president in this century should be tried for [[War crime|war crimes]], including President Obama for his use of [[Drone warfare|drone attacks]], which Ayers considers an act of terror.<ref>{{cite video|title=Bill Ayers: Try Obama for War Crimes|date=June 18, 2013|work=[[RealClearPolitics]]|url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2013/06/18/bill_ayers_obama_should_be_put_on_trial_for_war_crimes.html}}</ref>

===Obama–Ayers controversy===
{{Main|Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy}}

During the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 U.S. presidential campaign]], a controversy arose about Ayers's contacts with then-candidate [[Barack Obama]], a matter that had been public knowledge in Chicago for years.<ref name=Boston>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2008/04/18/how_obama_and_the_radical_became_news/ |first=Joanna |last=Weiss |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=April 18, 2008 |title=How Obama and the radical became news |access-date=November 13, 2008 |archive-date=December 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227042920/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2008/04/18/how_obama_and_the_radical_became_news/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After being raised by the American and British press,<ref name=Boston/><ref name="Dobbs">{{cite news|first=Michael |last=Dobbs |author-link=Michael Dobbs (US author) |title=Obama's 'Weatherman' Connection |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/fact-checker/2008/02/obamas_weatherman_connection.html |series=The Fact Checker |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 19, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523101434/http://blog.washingtonpost.com/fact-checker/2008/02/obamas_weatherman_connection.html |archive-date=May 23, 2011}}</ref> the connection was picked up by conservative blogs and newspapers in the United States. The matter was raised in a campaign debate by moderator [[George Stephanopoulos]], and later became a point of contention for the [[John McCain]] presidential campaign. Investigations by ''The New York Times'', [[CNN]], and other news organizations concluded that Obama did not have a close relationship with Ayers.<ref name="Dobbs"/><ref name=nytoa>{{cite news |first=Scott |last=Shane |title=Obama and '60s Bomber: A Look Into Crossed Paths |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/04/us/politics/04ayers.html |work=The New York Times |date=October 3, 2008 |access-date=October 12, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211163318/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/04/us/politics/04ayers.html|archive-date=December 11, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cnnfc>{{cite news |title=Fact Check: Is Obama 'palling around with terrorists'? |url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/10/05/fact-check-is-obama-palling-around-with-terrorists/ |publisher=CNN |date=October 5, 2008 |access-date=October 12, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013010626/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/10/05/fact-check-is-obama-palling-around-with-terrorists/|archive-date=October 13, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=CNN |url=http://m.cnn.com/cnn/lt_ne/lt_ne/detail/178228 |title=Palin hits Obama for 'terrorist' connection |date=October 5, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622202847/http://m.cnn.com/cnn/lt_ne/lt_ne/detail/178228 |archive-date=June 22, 2015 }}</ref>

In an op-ed piece after the election, Ayers denied any close association with Obama, and criticized the Republican campaign for its use of [[guilt by association]] tactics.<ref name="real" />

==Personal life==
[[File:Bill Ayres and Bernadine Dohrn 2009.jpg|thumb|Ayers and wife [[Bernardine Dohrn]] speaking to audience members following a forum on education reform at [[Florida State University]] in 2009.]]
Ayers is married to Bernardine Dohrn, a fellow former leader of the Weather Underground. They have two adult children, Zayd and Malik, and shared legal guardianship of [[Chesa Boudin]], son of [[Kathy Boudin]] and [[David Gilbert (activist)|David Gilbert]]. Boudin and Gilbert were former Weather Underground members who later joined the [[May 19 Communist Organization]] and were convicted of [[felony murder]] for their roles in that group's [[Brinks robbery (1981)|Brinks robbery]]. Chesa Boudin went on to win a [[Rhodes scholarship]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/09/us/from-a-radical-background-a-rhodes-scholar-emerges.html?pagewanted=all |title=From a Radical Background, A Rhodes Scholar Emerges |newspaper=The New York Times |author=Jodi Wilgoren |date=December 9, 2002 |access-date=October 18, 2008 |archive-date=February 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209143615/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/09/us/from-a-radical-background-a-rhodes-scholar-emerges.html?pagewanted=all |url-status=live }}</ref> and was elected [[San Francisco District Attorney's Office|District Attorney of San Francisco]] in November 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theappeal.org/public-defender-chesa-boudin-wins-san-francisco-da-race-in-major-victory-progressive-prosecutor-movement/#.Xcg0WMfPzcQ.twitter | title=Public Defender Chesa Boudin Wins San Francisco D.A. Race in Major Victory for Progressive Prosecutor Movement | date=November 9, 2019 | access-date=November 11, 2019 | archive-date=November 11, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111160130/https://theappeal.org/public-defender-chesa-boudin-wins-san-francisco-da-race-in-major-victory-progressive-prosecutor-movement/#.Xcg0WMfPzcQ.twitter | url-status=live }}</ref> Ayers and Dohrn live in the [[Hyde Park, Chicago|Hyde Park]] neighborhood of Chicago.<ref name=Workman2017>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/ct-ent-0518-chicago-home-theater-bill-ayers-20170517-story.html |title=Why Bill Ayers welcomes strangers into his Hyde Park home for the Chicago Home Theater Festival |work=Chicago Tribune |first=Michael |last=Workman |date=May 17, 2017 |access-date=May 29, 2023 }}</ref><ref name=Fusco>{{cite news |last1=Fusco |first1=Chris |last2=Pallasch |first2=Abdon M. |date=April 18, 2008 |title=Who is Bill Ayers? |work=Chicago Sun-Times |page=8 |url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/obama/902213,CST-NWS-ayers18.article |access-date=October 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008062804/http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/obama/902213%2CCST-NWS-ayers18.article |archive-date=October 8, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His son Zayd is married to actress and writer [[Rachel DeWoskin]], and is on the faculty at [[Northwestern University]].<ref name=Workman2017 /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Healy |first=Patrick |date=September 2, 2009 |title=A Playwright's Glimmers of a Fugitive Childhood |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/03/theater/03zayd.html |access-date=2022-06-15 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 10, 2012 |title=Playwright And Chinese Soap Star Meet, Write |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/zayd-dohrn-rachel-dewoskin-outside-people-theater_n_1194129 |access-date=June 15, 2022 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref>

==Works==
*''Education: An American Problem''. Bill Ayers, Radical Education Project, 1968, ASIN B0007H31HU {{oclc|33088998}}
*''Hot town: Summer in the City: I ain't gonna work on Maggie's farm no more'', Bill Ayers, Students for a Democratic Society, 1969, ASIN B0007I3CMI
*''Prairie Fire: The Politics of Revolutionary Anti-Imperialism'', Bernardine Dohrn, [[Jeff Jones (activist)|Jeff Jones]], Billy Ayers, Celia Sojourn, Communications Co., 1974, ASIN B000GF2KVQ {{oclc|1177495}}
*''The Good Preschool Teacher: Six Teachers Reflect on Their Lives'', William Ayers, [[Teachers College Press]], 1989, {{ISBN|978-0-8077-2946-5}}
*''To Teach: The Journey of a Teacher'', William Ayers, Teachers College Press, 1993, {{ISBN|978-0-8077-3262-5}}
*''To Become a Teacher: Making a Difference in Children's Lives'', William Ayers, Teachers College Press, 1995, {{ISBN|978-0-8077-3455-1}}
*''City Kids, City Teachers: Reports from the Front Row'', William Ayers (Editor) and Patricia Ford (Editor), [[The New Press]], 1996, {{ISBN|978-1-56584-328-8}}
*''A Kind and Just Parent'', William Ayers, [[Beacon Press]], 1997, {{ISBN|978-0-8070-4402-5}}
*''A Light in Dark Times: Maxine Greene and the Unfinished Conversation'', [[Maxine Greene]] (Editor), William Ayers (Editor), Janet L. Miller (Editor), Teachers College Press, 1998, {{ISBN|978-0-8077-3721-7}}
*''Teaching for Social Justice: A Democracy and Education Reader'', William Ayers (Editor), Jean Ann Hunt (Editor), Therese Quinn (Editor), 1998, {{ISBN|978-1-56584-420-9}}
*''Teacher Lore: Learning from Our Own Experience'', William H. Schubert (editor) and William C. Ayers (editor), Educator's International Press, 1999, {{ISBN|978-1-891928-03-1}}
*''Teaching from the Inside Out: The Eight-Fold Path to Creative Teaching and Living'', Sue Sommers (author), William Ayers (Foreword), Authority Press, 2000, {{ISBN|978-1-929059-02-7}}
*''A Simple Justice: The Challenge of Small Schools'', William Ayers, Teachers College Press, 2000, {{ISBN|978-0-8077-3963-1}}
*''Zero Tolerance: Resisting the Drive for Punishment'', William Ayers (editor), Rick Ayers (editor), Bernardine Dohrn (editor), Jesse L. Jackson (author), The New Press, 2001, {{ISBN|978-1-56584-666-1}}
*''A School of Our Own: Parents, Power, and Community at the East Harlem Block Schools'', Tom Roderick (author), William Ayers (author), Teachers College Press, 2001, {{ISBN|978-0-8077-4157-3}} Only the foreword is written by Ayers.
*''Refusing Racism: White Allies and the Struggle for Civil Rights'', Cynthia Stokes Brown (author), William Ayers (editor), Therese Quinn (editor), Teachers College Press, 2002, {{ISBN|978-0-8077-4204-4}}
*''On the Side of the Child: Summerhill Revisited'', William Ayers, Teachers College Press, 2003, {{ISBN|978-0-8077-4400-0}}
*''[[Fugitive Days|Fugitive Days: A Memoir]]'', Bill Ayers, Beacon Press, 2001, {{ISBN|0-8070-7124-2}} (Penguin, 2003, {{ISBN|978-0-14-200255-1}})
*''Teaching the Personal and the Political: Essays on Hope and Justice'', William Ayers, Teachers College Press, 2004, {{ISBN|978-0-8077-4461-1}}
*''Teaching Toward Freedom: Moral Commitment and Ethical Action in the Classroom'', William Ayers, Beacon Press, 2004, {{ISBN|978-0-8070-3269-5}}
*''[[Sing a Battle Song: The Revolutionary Poetry, Statements, and Communiques of the Weather Underground 1970-1974]]'', Bernardine Dohrn, Bill Ayers, and Jeff Jones, Seven Stories Press, 2006, {{ISBN|978-1-58322-726-8}}.
*''Handbook of Social Justice in Education'', William C. Ayers, Routledge, June 2008, {{ISBN|978-0-8058-5927-0}}
*''City Kids, City Schools: More Reports from the Front Row'', Ruby Dee (Foreword), Jeff Chang (Afterword), William Ayers (editor), Billings, Gloria Ladson (editor), Gregory Michie (editor), Pedro Noguera (editor), The New Press, August 2008, {{ISBN|978-1-59558-338-3}}
*''To Teach: the journey, in comics'', William Ayers and Ryan Alexander-Tanner, Jonathan Kozol(Foreword), Teachers College Press, 2010, {{ISBN|978-0-8077-5062-9}} This is a graphic novel based on Ayers's ''To Teach: The Journey of a Teacher''. It is not written by him.
*''Public Enemy. Confessions of an American Dissident'', Bill Ayers, Beacon Press, 2013, {{ISBN|978-0-8070-3276-3}}
*''Demand The Impossible: A Radical Manifesto'', William Ayers, Haymarket Books, 2016, {{ISBN|978-1-60846-670-2}}
* ''"You Can't Fire the Bad Ones!": And 18 Other Myths about Teachers, Teachers Unions, and Public Education'', William Ayers, Crystal Laura, Rick Ayers, Beacon Press, 2018, {{ISBN|978-0-8070-3666-2}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|https://billayers.org}}
*{{C-SPAN|84418}}
*{{NYTtopic|people/a/william_c_ayers}}

{{Weather Underground}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayers, Bill}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American anti-war activists]]
[[Category:American autobiographers]]
[[Category:American communists]]
[[Category:American education writers]]
[[Category:American educational theorists]]
[[Category:American political writers]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:American anti-poverty advocates]]
[[Category:American anti-racism activists]]
[[Category:American anti-capitalists]]
[[Category:American founders]]
[[Category:Ayers family|Bill]]
[[Category:Bank Street College of Education alumni]]
[[Category:COINTELPRO targets]]
[[Category:Teachers College, Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Lake Forest Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Members of Students for a Democratic Society]]
[[Category:Writers from Chicago]]
[[Category:People from Glen Ellyn, Illinois]]
[[Category:University of Illinois Chicago faculty]]
[[Category:University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Weather Underground]]
[[Category:New Left]]
[[Category:American left-wing activists]]

Department of Transport (Jharkhand)

2026-03-22T22:14:26Z

Rudratree: Started Some Data More To Come

{{Short description|Department of Transport, Government of Jharkhand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Department of Transport
| native_name = परिवहन विभाग
| type = Department
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| seal = Jharkhand Rajakiya Chihna.svg
| seal_width = 170
| seal_caption =
| picture =
| picture_width =
| picture_caption =
| formed =
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Jharkhand]]
| headquarters = FFP Building, Dhurwa, [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]]
| coordinates =
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name = [[Deepak Birua]]
| minister1_pfo = Minister of Department of Transport
| minister2_name =
| minister2_pfo =
| deputyminister1_name =
| deputyminister1_pfo =
| deputyminister2_name =
| deputyminister2_pfo =
| chief1_name = Vipra Bhal, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief1_position = [[Secretary]] (Department of Transport)
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| agency_type =
| parent_department =
| parent_agency =
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| keydocument1 =
| website = {{Official website|https://transport.jharkhand.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| map =
| map_width =
| map_caption =
}}

The '''Department of Transport''' is a department of the [[Government of Jharkhand]] responsible for the regulation and development of transport in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Department, Government of Jharkhand |url=https://transport.jharkhand.gov.in/ |access-date=13 Sep 2025 |website=transport.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Transport |url=https://jharkhand.gov.in/Transport |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Integrated Government Online Directory |url=https://goidirectory.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=goidirectory.gov.in |language=en}}</ref> Its functions include [[Vehicle registration plates of India|vehicle registration]], issuance of [[Driving licence in India|driving licences]], enforcement of transport laws and promotion of road safety.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-12-21 |title=Jharkhand Transport Minister pushes for hassle-free issuance of driving licenses |url=https://thejharkhandstory.co.in/jharkhand-transport-minister-pushes-for-hassle-free-issuance-of-licenses/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=The Jharkhand Story |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-28 |title='No helmet, no entry' for bike-riding officials at Jharkhand govt offices |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/no-helmet-no-entry-for-bike-riding-officials-at-jharkhand-govt-offices/story-kJznyjk83CDr9Je1E4BfUO.html |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-25 |title=Transport dept announces video contest on road safety |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/transport-dept-announces-video-contest-on-road-safety/articleshow/98223133.cms |access-date=2025-09-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The department also coordinates public transport services related infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transport Department, Jharkhand |url=https://services.india.gov.in/service/detail/transport-department-jharkhand |access-date=13 Sep 2025 |website=services.india.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-03-17 |title=Jharkhand to establish Inter-State Waterways Authority and Road Transport Corporation |url=https://avenuemail.in/jharkhand-to-establish-inter-state-waterways-authority-and-road-transport-corporation/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-05-26 |title=Traffic park to be set up in Ranchi for generating awareness on road rules |url=https://theprint.in/india/traffic-park-to-be-set-up-in-ranchi-for-generating-awareness-on-road-rules/971969/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Ministerial team==
The ministerial team is headed by the Cabinet Minister for Transport. Civil servants such as the Secretary are appointed to support the minister in managing the department and implementing its functions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contact Details |url=https://transport.jharkhand.gov.in/contact-details.html |access-date=13 Sep 2025 |website=transport.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Information Public Relation Department |url=http://prdjharkhand.in/iprd/ministers.php |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=prdjharkhand.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Transport {{!}} Who's Who |url=https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/PDepartment/WebDirectory?department=b7ea2ca01a87777825bc151ebf8f8e2b |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=www.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref> At present the current minister for Jharkhand Transport Department is [[Deepak Birua]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-02-23 |title=Welfare and Transport Minister Deepak Birua assumes office |url=https://avenuemail.in/welfare-and-transport-minister-deepak-birua-assumes-office/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-12-06 |title=Jharkhand CM Soren distributes portfolios: Radha Krishna gets finance, Irfan is health minister |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Dec/06/jharkhand-cm-soren-distributes-portfolios-radha-krishna-gets-finance-irfan-is-health-minister |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Government of Jharkhand]]
* [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Government departments of Jharkhand]]

Amrit (1986 film)

2026-03-22T18:22:10Z

Rudratree:

{{About|1985 film|1941 film|Amrit (1941 film)}}{{short description|1986 film by Mohan Kumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Amrit
| image = Amrit film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Mohan Kumar (director)|Mohan Kumar]]
| producer = Mohan Kumar
| story = Mohan Kumar
| writer = [[V K Sharma]]
| starring = [[Rajesh Khanna]] [[Smita Patil]] [[Aruna Irani]] [[Shafi Inamdar]] [[Satish Shah]] [[Zarina Wahab]] [[Mukri]] [[Sujit Kumar]] [[Daljit Kaur]]
| music = [[Laxmikant Pyarelal]] [[Anand Bakshi]] (Lyrics)
| cinematography = V. K. Murthy
| studio = Emkay Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1986|6|27}}<ref>{{cite web| title=Amrit|url=http://www.gomolo.in/Movie/Movie.aspx?mid=5902| archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803170901/http://www.gomolo.com/amrit-movie/5902 |archive-date=3 August 2012}}</ref>
| runtime = 190 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Amrit''''' is a 1986 Indian Hindi [[drama film]] starring [[Rajesh Khanna]] in the title role playing the character of Amritlal Sharma. The film was directed by Mohan Kumar immediately after directing [[Avtaar]] with Khanna in the title role and lyrics written by [[Anand Bakshi]]. This movie gave Rajesh Khanna his fourth BJFA Best Actor award in 1987.<ref>http://www.gomolo.in/Awards/Awards.aspx?AwardCode=7&YearCode=1987{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The film was critically acclaimed and received five stars in Bollywood Guide Collections. The film was remade in Telugu as ''[[Aatma Bandhuvulu]]''.

==Synopsis==
Amrit (Rajesh Khanna) stays with his only son and meanwhile Kamla (Smita Patil) a widow stays with her only son at Kamal Niwas. But Kamla is treated as a servant in her own house and the only person who loves her in the house is her granddaughter Sunita. Amrit has the habit of taking his grandson to the nearby garden when his grandson is free from studies. Amrit learns about Kamla's problems due to his meeting her coincidentally quite regularly in the garden. Amrit and Kamla meet up to develop a good relationship. One fine day Kamla gets late to pick up her granddaughter Sunita from the school, as the auto rickshaw she was travelling in to reach school, meets with an accident. Amrit, meanwhile goes to pick up his grandson Rahul, learns of this and brings Sunita to her house. Amrit sees Kamla being humiliated by her daughter-in-law when he goes to their house to nurse Kamla's injury. Amrit decides to donate some money to Brahmins on the occasion of his son's birthday but he does not have money and so asks his son to give him a few bucks. Amrit and Kamla watch TV with Sunita and Rahul, upon this Amrit's son gets angry and humiliates them, his son throws him out of the house permanently. In the torrential rains, the hurt Amrit meets with an accident. Kamla, then with help of like minded people, has Amrit admitted in a hospital. The rest of the story is about how Amrit and Kamla decide to separate from their respective selfish children and spend the rest part of life together and how society perceives their togetherness.

==Reception==
The film had collections worth gross of 9.3 crores at the box office in 1986 in India. It received five stars in the Bollywood guide ''Collections''. The movie was a super hit and celebrated silver jubilee at many centers.

==Cast==
*[[Rajesh Khanna]] as Amritlal "Amrit" Sharma
*[[Smita Patil]] as Kamla Srivastav
*[[Aruna Irani]] as Hasina Banu Ali
*[[Shafi Inamdar]] as Advocate Sharafat Ali
*[[Pallavi Joshi]] as Sunita Srivastav
*[[Shashi Puri]] as Shrikant Srivastav
*[[Rajesh Puri]] as Baldev Srivastav, the brother-in-law of Virendra Srivastav
*[[Satish Shah]] as Ramcharan Yadav
*[[Sujit Kumar]] as Doctor Vikas
*[[Mukri]] as Kamru, Vegetable Vendor
*[[Zarina Wahab]] as Savitri Srivastav
*[[Rishabh Shukla]] as Virendra Srivastav
*[[Anita Kanwar]] as Rekha Srivastav
*[[Yunus Parvez]] as Judge Saxena
*[[Mumtaz Begum (actress)|Mumtaz Begum]] as Mausi Pushpa (uncredited)
*[[Shivraj]] as Fakir (in the song "Duniya Mein Kitna Gham Hai")
*Birbal as Chajuram, Dhaba owner

==Music==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Anand Bakshi]]
| all_music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| title4 = Duniya Mein Kitna Gham Hai (Duet)
| extra4 = [[Mohammad Aziz]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
| title2 = Jeevan Sathi Saath Mein Rahna
| extra2 = [[Manhar Udhas]], Anuradha Paudwal
| title3 = Sharafat Ali Ko Sharafat Ne Mara
| extra3 = [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], Mohammad Aziz, [[Jaspal Singh (singer)|Jaspal Singh]], [[Mahendra Kapoor]]
| title1 = Zindagi Kya Hai Ik Lateefa Hai
| extra1 = [[Kishore Kumar]] and chorus
| title5 = Duniya Mein Kitna Gham Hai (male)
| extra5 = Mohammad Aziz
| title6 = Duniya Mein Kitna Gham Hai (female)
| extra6 =[[Anuradha Paudwal]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0233206|Amrit}}

[[Category:1986 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1986 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1986 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:1986 drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mohan Kumar]]
[[Category:Films about death]]
[[Category:Films about dysfunctional families]]
[[Category:Films about grief]]
[[Category:Films about marriage]]
[[Category:Films about old age]]
[[Category:Films about parent–child relationships]]
[[Category:Films about social realism]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian family films]]
[[Category:Films about widowhood in India]]

Omkar 1973

2026-03-22T03:01:58Z

Rudratree: created new stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Omkar 1973
| image = Omkar 1973 towers.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption =
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| address = Omkar 1973, Near Neelam Center Off Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400030
| location_country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.0167|72.8167|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India Mumbai
| status = [[Topping out|Topped out]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1233394/omkar-1973-tower-a-mumbai-india |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414101845/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1233394/omkar-1973-tower-a-mumbai-india |url-status=usurped |archive-date=14 April 2019 |title=Omkar 1973 Tower A |website=Emporis}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1233396/omkar-1973-tower-b-mumbai-india |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414101832/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1233396/omkar-1973-tower-b-mumbai-india | url-status=usurped | archive-date=14 April 2019 |title=Omkar 1973 Tower B | website=Emporis}}</ref>
| construction_start_date =
| completion_date = 2024<ref>{{Ctbuh|id=854|title=Omkar 1973 Complex|complex=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://maharerait.mahaonline.gov.in/PrintPreview/PrintPreview/UHJvamVjdElEPTQ5NTMmRGl2aXNpb249NiZVc2VySUQ9MzU4MDQmUm9sZUlEPTEmQXBwSUQ9MzgzNTMmQWN0aW9uPVNFQVJDSCZDaGFyYWN0ZXJEPTkwJkV4dEFwcElEPQ%3d%3d |title= Cityscape- The sky bungalows of Omkar 1973 in Worli are the latest addition to Mumbai's blooming skyline |publisher= magnamags.com |date= |accessdate= 2013-09-25 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| opening_date =
| building_type = [[Residential]] [[Skyscrapers]]
| antenna_spire =
| top_floor =
| material = [[Glass]] / [[Concrete|Reinforced Concrete]]
| floor_count = 73
| elevator_count =
| cost = 10000 CR
| floor_area =
| architect = [[Foster and Partners]]
| structural_engineer = Buro Happold Engineers India Pvt Ltd
| main_contractor = [[Larsen & Toubro]]
| developer = Omkar Realtors & Developers
| owner = [[Omkar Realtors & Developers]]
| operator =
| website = http://www.omkar1973.com/
| references =
}}
'''Omkar 1973 Worli''' is a [[residential]] multi-[[skyscraper]] project located in [[Worli]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/worli-is-new-luxury-address-for-mumbais-rich-and-celebrities/875775 |title= Worli is new luxury address for Mumbai's rich and celebrities |date=22 June 2016|work=Free Press Journal}}</ref> It is a 3-tower development project by Omkar Realtors. The project is expected to be completed by late 2024.<ref>{{cite web|author=Emporis|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1233394/omkar-1973-tower-a-mumbai-india |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414101845/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1233394/omkar-1973-tower-a-mumbai-india |url-status=usurped |archive-date=14 April 2019 |title=Omkar 1973 Towers, Mumbai, India |publisher=Emporis.com |date= |accessdate=2020-08-15}}</ref> It is currently the [[List of tallest buildings in India| 11th tallest building in India]].

==Composition==
The Omkar 1973 towers project consists of 400-plus "sky bungalows", ranging from 2,500 sq. ft. to 18,200 sq. ft. area. It will have a height of around {{convert|267|m|ft|0|abbr=}} and an area of about 5,000,000 sq. ft. The project consists of 3 equally tall skyscrapers which are Omkar 1973 towers A, B, and C, all 73 stories tall. All towers have 3 underground floors for parking.<ref>{{cite web|author=Emporis|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1233394/omkar-1973-tower-a-mumbai-india |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414101845/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1233394/omkar-1973-tower-a-mumbai-india |url-status=usurped |archive-date=14 April 2019 |title=Omkar 1973 Towers, Mumbai, India |publisher=Emporis.com |date= |accessdate=2020-08-15}}</ref>

==Associations & Design==
The towers are designed by Fosters+Partners and the interior is designed by [[Hirsch Bedner Associates]] (HBA), UK.

== Current status ==
Currently, Sales of Freehold apartments are on hold as directed by [[Bombay High Court]] due to non-payment of rent to the residents of [[Worli]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai: Posh Worli project under scanner, further sales on hold |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-posh-worli-project-under-scanner-further-sales-on-hold | access-date=2023-01-19 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of tallest buildings in India]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Mumbai]]
* [[List of tallest structures in India]]
* [[List of tallest buildings and structures in the Indian subcontinent]]
* [[List of tallest structures in the world]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Asia]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in different cities in India]]
* [[List of tallest residential buildings]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Skyscrapers in Mumbai}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|India|Architecture}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures under construction in India]]
[[Category:Residential skyscrapers in Mumbai]]

Rite of passage

2026-03-20T00:48:05Z

Rudratree: quick improved intro and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Ritual reflecting change of social status}}
{{Other uses}}
[[File:Initiation ritual of boys in Malawi.jpg|thumb|Initiation ritual of boys in [[Malawi]]. The ritual marks the passage from [[child]] to [[adult]], each subgroup having its customs and expectations.]]
{{Anthropology of religion|Basic}}

[[File:Dipo Odumase Krobo 20.jpg|thumb|Dipo Rites of Passage]]
[[File:Dipo Odumase Krobo 14.jpg|thumb|Rites of passage of young girls in the Eastern Region of Ghana]]
[[File:Dipo Odumase Krobo 45.jpg|thumb|Dipo girls undergoing Rites of Passage]]
A '''rite of passage''' is a [[ceremony]] or [[ritual]] of the passage which occurs when an individual leaves one group to enter another. It involves a significant change of [[social status|status in society]]. In [[cultural anthropology]], the term is the [[anglicisation]] of ''rite de passage'', a French term innovated by the [[Ethnography|ethnographer]] [[Arnold van Gennep]] in his work ''Les rites de passage'', ''The Rites of Passage''.<ref>{{harvnb|Van Gennep|1909|loc=Lay Summary}}</ref> The term is now fully adopted into anthropology as well as into the literature and popular cultures of many modern languages.

==Original conception==
In English, Van Gennep's first sentence of his first chapter begins:<ref>{{harvnb|Van Gennep|Vizedom|Caffee|2010|loc=I. The Classification of Rites}}</ref>

<blockquote>
"Each larger society contains within it several distinctly separate groupings. ... In addition, all these groups break down into still smaller societies in subgroups."</blockquote>

The population of a society belongs to multiple groups, some more important to the individual than others. Van Gennep uses the metaphor, "as a kind of house divided into rooms and corridors."<ref name=Journet>{{cite journal|first=Nicolas|last=Journet|title=Les rites de passage|journal=Sciences Humaines|date=1 January 2001|number=112|page=31|doi=10.3917/sh.112.0031|url=http://www.scienceshumaines.com/les-rites-de-passage_fr_1079.html|quote=chaque société générale peut être considérée comme une sorte de maison divisée en chambres et couloirs|url-access=subscription}}</ref> A passage occurs when an individual leaves one group to enter another; in the metaphor, he changes rooms.

Van Gennep further distinguishes between "the secular" and "the sacred sphere." Theorizing that civilizations are arranged on a scale, implying that the lower levels represent "the simplest level of development," he hypothesizes that "[[social groups]] in such a society likewise have [[magico-religious]] foundations." Many groups in modern industrial society practice customs that can be traced to an earlier sacred phase. Passage between these groups requires a [[ceremony]]: a ritual rite of passage, that is, a [[life cycle ritual]].

The rest of Van Gennep's book presents a description of rites of passage and an organization into types, although in the end he despairs of ever capturing them all:<ref>{{harvnb|Van Gennep|Vizedom|Caffee|2010|loc=X. Conclusions}}</ref> "It is but a rough sketch of an immense picture ...." He is able to find some universals, mainly two: "the sexual separation between men and women, and the magico-religious separation between the profane and the sacred." (Earlier the translators used secular for profane.) He refuses credit for being the first to recognize type of rites. In the work he concentrates on groups and rites individuals might normally encounter progressively: pregnancy, childbirth, initiation, betrothal, marriage, funerals and the like. He mentions some others, such as the territorial passage, a crossing of borders into a culturally different region, such as one where a different religion prevails.

==Stages==
Rites of passage have three phases: separation, [[liminality]], and incorporation, as van Gennep described. "I propose to call the rites of separation from a previous world, ''preliminal rites'', those executed during the transitional stage ''liminal (or threshold) rites'', and the ceremonies of incorporation into the new world ''postliminal rites''."<ref>van Gennep 1977: 21</ref>

In the first phase, people withdraw from their current status and prepare to move from one place or status to another. "The first phase (of separation) comprises symbolic behavior signifying the detachment of the individual or group ... from an earlier fixed point in the social structure."<ref>Turner 1969: 80.</ref> There is often a detachment or "cutting away" from the former self in this phase, which is signified in symbolic actions and rituals. For example, the cutting of the hair for a person who has just joined the army. He or she is "cutting away" the former self: the civilian.

The transition (liminal) phase is the period between stages, during which one has left one place or state but has not yet entered or joined the next. "The attributes of liminality or of liminal ''personae'' ("threshold people") are necessarily ambiguous."<ref>Turner 1969: 95</ref>

In the third phase (reaggregation or incorporation) the passage is consummated [by] the ritual subject."<ref>Turner 1969: 80</ref> Having completed the rite and assumed their "new" identity, one re-enters society with one's new status. Re-incorporation is characterized by elaborate rituals and ceremonies, like debutant balls and college graduation, and by outward symbols of new ties: thus "in rites of incorporation there is widespread use of the 'sacred bond', the 'sacred cord', the knot, and of analogous forms such as the belt, the ring, the bracelet and the crown."<ref>van Gennep 1977: 166</ref>

==Psychological effects==
Laboratory experiments have shown that severe initiations produce [[cognitive dissonance]].<ref>Aronson & Mills 1959.</ref> It is theorized that such dissonance heightens [[Interpersonal attraction|group attraction]] among initiates after the experience, arising from internal justification of the effort used.<ref>Festinger 1961.</ref> [[Reward system|Rewards]] during initiations have important consequences in that initiates who feel more rewarded express stronger group identity.<ref>Kamau 2012.</ref> As well as group attraction, initiations can also produce [[conformity]] among new members.<ref>Keating ''et al.'' 2005.</ref> Psychology experiments have also shown that initiations increase feelings of [[Need for affiliation|affiliation]].<ref>Lodewijkx ''et al.'' 2005.</ref>

Aronson and Mills tested the Festinger's (1957) theory of cognitive dissonance by having three groups read either embarrassing material, not very embarrassing material, or nothing at all to a group. Aronson and Mills summarized Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance as such when discussing the rationale for their study: "No matter how attractive a group is to a person it is rarely completely positive, i.e., usually there are some aspects of the group that the individual does not like. If he has undergone an unpleasant initiation to gain admission to the group, his cognition that he has gone through an unpleasant experience for the sake of membership is dissonant with his cognition that there are things about the group that he does not like. He can reduce this dissonance in two ways. He can convince himself that the initiation was not very unpleasant, or he can exaggerate the positive characteristics of the group and minimize its negative aspects. With increasing severity of initiation it becomes more and more difficult to believe that the initiation was not very bad. Thus, a person who has gone through a painful initiation to become a member of a group should tend to reduce his dissonance by over estimating the attractiveness of the group." Those who read the severely embarrassing material perceived the group as more attractive than those who read the mildly embarrassing material or nothing at all.<ref>Aronson & Mills 1959.</ref> Another study using mathematical subtraction tasks reached the opposite conclusion<ref>Festinger 1961,</ref> but research using electrical shocks supported the concept that suffering increased the degree to which participants liked the group.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/initiation-ceremony-experiments
|title=The Initiation Ceremony Experiments: Simon Oxenham Looks Back at Some Studies in the Wake of 'Piggate'.
|date=6 Oct 2015
|website=The Psychologist
|publisher=The British Psychological Society
|access-date=12 Jun 2022
|archive-date=8 January 2022
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108235316/https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/initiation-ceremony-experiments
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

==Cultural==
[[File:Hamer bull jumping (6) (29167685366).jpg|thumb|The [[Hamar people|Hamar]] are known for their custom of "bull jumping", which initiates a boy into manhood.]]
Initiation rites are seen as fundamental to human growth and development as well as socialization in many African communities. These rites function by ritually marking the transition of someone to full group membership.<ref name="Shahadah">{{cite web|url=http://www.africanholocaust.net/africanculture.html|title=African Culture Complex|access-date=2011-10-04}}</ref> It also links individuals to the community and the community to the broader and more potent spiritual world. Initiation rites are "a natural and necessary part of a community, just as arms and legs are natural and necessary extension of the human body". These rites are linked to individual and community development. Dr. Manu Ampim identifies five stages; rite to birth, rite to adulthood, rite to marriage, rite to eldership and rite to ancestorship.<ref>[http://www.manuampim.com/AfricanInitiationRites.htm The Five Major African Initiation Rites] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302152545/https://www.manuampim.com/AfricanInitiationRites.htm |date=2024-03-02 }} Prof. Manu Ampim</ref> In Zulu culture, entering womanhood is celebrated by the [[Umhlanga (ceremony)|Umhlanga]].
[[File:Dipo Odumase Krobo 34.jpg|thumb|Pouring of libation and incantation by an elder during Dipo Rites]]

==Types and examples==
Rites of passage are diverse, and are found throughout many cultures around the world. Many western societal rituals may look like rites of passage but miss some of the important structural and functional components. However, in many Native and African-American communities, traditional rites of passage programs are conducted by community-based organizations such as ''Man Up Global''. Typically the missing piece is the societal recognition and reincorporation phase. [[Adventure education]] programs, such as [[Outward Bound]], have often been described as potential rites of passage. Pamela Cushing researched the rites of passage impact upon adolescent youth at the Canadian Outward Bound School and found the rite of passage impact was lessened by the missing reincorporation phase.<ref>Cushing 1998.</ref> Bell (2003) presented more evidence of this lacking third stage and described the "Contemporary Adventure Model of a Rites of Passage" as a modern and weaker version of the rites of passage typically used by outdoor adventure programs.

===Coming of age===
[[File:Michael's Bar Mitzvah 3.jpg|thumb|Jewish boy reading a [[Torah]] scroll at his [[Bar Mitzvah]], using a [[Yad]]]]
[[File:Landdiving2.jpg|thumb|[[Land diving]] is a rite of passage for boys of the South Pacific island of [[Pentecost Island|Pentecost]]]]
[[File:TUCANDEIRA RITUAL - panoramio.jpg|thumb|The [[Mawé people]] in the [[Amazon rainforest]] intentionally use [[bullet ant]] stings as a rite of passage into manhood.]]
[[File:Statuette Karajà MHNT.ETH.2011.17.30.jpg|thumb|Karajà statuettes]]
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}
{{Main|Coming of age}}
In various [[Tribe|tribal]] and [[Developed society|developed]] societies, entry into an [[age grade]]—generally gender-separated—(unlike an [[age set]]) is marked by an [[initiation|initiation rite]], which may be the crowning of a long and complex preparation, sometimes in retreat.

*Acquisition of a [[drivers license]]
*Removal of [[Impacted wisdom teeth]]
*[[Bar and Bat Mitzvah]]
*[[Breeching (boys)|Breeching]], when an infant is put into boy's clothing
*[[Coming of Age (Unitarian Universalism)|Coming of Age in Unitarian Universalism]]
*Completion of [[toilet training]]
*[[Débutante|Débutante ball]]
*[[Dokimasia]]
*First [[training bra]] and [[bra]]
*First [[menstruation]], i.e. [[menarche]]
**[[Seclusion of girls at puberty]]
**''Sevapuneru'' or [[Gaye holud|Turmeric]] ceremony
*[[Graduation]]
*[[Matrescence]], the transition to motherhood
*[[Okuyi]] in several [[West African]] nations
*[[Philippine debut]]
*[[Poy Sang Long]] in Shan Buddhist community
*''[[Quinceañera]]''
*[[Retirement]]
*''[[Russefeiring]]'' in [[Norway]]
*[[Scarification]] and various other physical endurances
*[[Secular coming of age ceremony|Secular coming of age ceremonies]] for non-religious youngsters who want a rite of passage comparable to the religious rituals like confirmation
*[[Shichi-Go-San]] in Japan
*[[Shinbyu]] in Burmese Buddhist community
*[[Sweet sixteen (birthday)|Sweet Sixteen]]
*[[Wedding]]
*[[Walkabout]]

===Religious===
[[File:20050921circoncisionB.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Jesus underwent Jewish [[circumcision]], here depicted in a Catholic cathedral; a [[Feast of the Circumcision|liturgical feast]] commemorates this on New Year's Day]]
{{Esotericism}}
*''[[Amrit Sanchar]]'' in [[Sikhism]]
*''[[Annaprashana]]''
*[[Baptism]] ([[Infant baptism|Christening]])
*[[Bar and Bat Mitzvah]] in [[Judaism]]
*[[Bwiti]]
*[[Circumcision]]
**[[Zeved habat]] and [[Brit milah|Bris]] in [[Judaism]]
**''[[Khitan (circumcision)|Khitan]]'' in [[Islam]]<ref>Morgenstern 1966.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rites of Passage|work=Oxford Islamic Studies Online|year=2013|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2020?_hi=0&_pos=15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091256/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2020?_hi=0&_pos=15|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 2, 2015|access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Traditional Muslim Male Circumcision: Performed by Arabs, Turkish, Malaysian and Others of this faith.|work=CIRCLIST|url=http://www.circlist.com/rites/moslem.html|year=1992–2013|access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hamid|first=Ismail|title=Islamic Rites of Passage|encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Malaysia Volume 10: Religions and Beliefs|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com.my/volume10/islamicrites.html|year=2005|access-date=27 May 2013|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630163708/http://www.encyclopedia.com.my/volume10/islamicrites.html|archive-date=30 June 2013}}</ref>
**In [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Christianity]],<ref name=riggs_2006>{{cite book|author=Thomas Riggs|title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices: Religions and denominations|chapter=Christianity: Coptic Christianity|year=2006|publisher=Thomson Gale|isbn=978-0-7876-6612-5|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTMOAQAAMAAJ}}</ref> the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodox Church]] and the [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Eritrean Orthodox Church]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=DeMello|first=Margo|title=Encyclopedia of Body Adornment|publisher=[[ABC-Clio]]|year=2007|isbn=9780313336959|pages=66|quote=Coptic Christians, Ethiopian Orthodox, and Eritrean Orthodox churches on the other hand, do observe the ordainment, and circumcise their sons anywhere from the first week of life to the first few years.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=N. Stearns|first=Peter|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2008|isbn=9780195176322|pages=179|quote=Uniformly practiced by Jews, Muslims, and the members of Coptic, Ethiopian, and Eritrean Orthodox Churches, male circumcision remains prevalent in many regions of the world, particularly Africa, South and East Asia, Oceania, and Anglosphere countries.}}</ref><ref name=Columbia_encyc_2011_circ>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2011|title=Circumcision|encyclopedia=Columbia Encyclopedia|publisher=Columbia University Press|url=http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/circumcision.html}}</ref>
*Consecration in Reform Judaism
*[[Confirmation]] in Western [[Christianity]] and some streams of Judaism
*Diving for the Cross, in some Orthodox Christian churches
*[[First Communion]], First [[Eucharist]] and First [[Confession (religion)|Confession]]
*Siddur presentation ceremony in Judaism
*Bible presentation ceremony in several branches of [[Protestantism]]
*[[Hajj]] in [[Islam]]
*[[Chudakarana]], or hair cutting in Hinduism
*[[Rumspringa]]
*''[[Sanskara (rite of passage)|Sanskara]]'', a series of [[sacrament]]s in [[Hinduism]]
*''[[Shinbyu]]'' in [[Theravada Buddhism]]
*[[Vision quest]] in some Native American cultures
*{{lang|mhq|[[Okipa]]}} in traditional [[Mandan]] culture
*[[Wiccaning]] in [[Wicca]]
*Temple [[Endowment (Latter Day Saints)|Endowment]] in the [[Latter-day Saint]] tradition

===Military===
*[[Recruit training|Boot Camp]] and [[Officer Candidate School]] are rites of passage from civilian to military life. In the United States Navy's Officer Candidate School and the United States Marine Corps, [[Drill Instructors]] manufacture stress as a form of training. In Turkish Armed Forces recruits have an oath taking ceremony as a passage from civilian to military members.
*[[Blood wings]]
*[[Line-crossing ceremony]]
*''[[Krypteia]]'', a rite involving young [[Spartiate|Spartan]]s, part of the ''[[agoge]]'' regime of Spartan education.
*[[Ephebeia]], a training period for young Athenians
*[[Wetting-down]]. In the [[U.S. Navy]] and [[Royal Navy]], is a ceremony in which a naval officer throws a party for his shipmates upon receiving a promotion.
*[[Turkish Air Force]] officers in pilot training are hosed down with water and ordered to do push-ups after completing their [[first solo flight]].

===Academic===
*The first day of school, whether the first overall or the first in a specific phase prior to postsecondary education
*Graduation
*[[Matura]]

Some academic circles such as dorms, fraternities, teams and other clubs practice [[hazing]], [[ragging]] and [[fagging]]. ''Szecskáztatás'', a mild form of hazing (usually without physical and sexual abuse), is practiced in some Hungarian secondary schools. First-year junior students are publicly humiliated through embarrassing clothing and senior students [[human branding|branding]] their faces with [[marker pen]]s; it is sometimes also a contest, with the winners usually earning the right to organize the next event. Fraternities and sororities, like other private societies, often have codified initiation ceremonies as ritual separating candidates from members.

===Vocational/professional===
[[File:First Solo Shirt Cutting 2.jpg|thumb|Student pilots will have their shirt back cut off after their first solo flight.]]
*[[White coat ceremony]] in medicine and pharmacy.
*[[The Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer]], also known as the [[Iron Ring]] Ceremony
*[[Florida International University School of Architecture#Walk on Water|Walk on Water]]: Second-year students must pass the competition to continue in the school of architecture at [[Florida International University]] in the United States
*A student pilot successfully completing a [[First solo flight#Traditions|first solo flight]] traditionally gets drenched with water and has his or her shirt tail cut off.

===Sports===
*''Batizados'' in [[Capoeira]]
*[[Black belt (martial arts)|Black belt]] in martial arts
*[[Blooding]] in fox hunting
*a [[Major League Baseball]] player's first hit (The ball is retrieved, labeled, and given to the player as a keepsake.)
*A [[National Hockey League]] player's first goal (The puck used to score said goal may be retrieved, labeled, and given to the player as a keepsake.)
*In [[Trap Shooting]] and [[Skeet Shooting]], the first time a shooter scores 25 straight (perfect score for a round), their hat is thrown in the air and shot down by the other shooters present.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDXOJy04s4E|title=When you get your first 25 in trap, you shoot your hat|website=[[YouTube]]|date=31 July 2013}}</ref>

===Other===
*[[Castration]] in some sects and special castes
*[[Dental evulsion]], among various cultures of Africa, Asia and Oceania.
*Earlier seasons of the television series ''[[Survivor (U.S. TV series)|Survivor]]'' typically include a rite of passage prior to the final immunity challenge. Though the specifics of this rite of passage vary based on the customs and traditions of the host country, most rites of passage include a lengthy walk to the final challenge along which the remaining castaways pass the torches of every eliminated contestant from that season. There have been variations on this walk, such as seasons in which the remaining contestants paddle a boat to the final challenge and drop the torches into the ocean along the way.

==See also==
*[[Pilgrimage]]
*[[Seclusion of girls at puberty]]
*[[Female genital mutilation]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*Aronson, E. & Mills, J. (1959) "The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group." 'Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology', pp. 177–181.
*{{cite journal|last1=Bell|first1=B.J.|year=2003|title=The rites of passage and outdoor education: Critical concerns for effective programming|journal=The Journal of Experiential Education|volume=26|issue=1|pages=41–50|doi=10.1177/105382590302600107|s2cid=143370636}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Cushing|first1=P.J.|year=1998|title=Competing the cycle of transformation: Lessons from the rites of passage model|journal=Pathways: The Ontario Journal of Experiential Education|volume=9|issue=5|pages=7–12}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Festinger|first1=L|year=1961|title=The psychological effects of insufficient rewards|journal=American Psychologist|volume=16|issue=1|pages=1–11|doi=10.1037/h0045112}}
*{{Cite book|first=Kathleen|last=Garces-Foley|title=Death and religion in a changing world|publisher=ME Sharpe|year=2006}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Kamau|first1=C|year=2012|title=What does being initiated severely into a group do? The role of rewards|doi=10.1080/00207594.2012.663957|journal=International Journal of Psychology|volume=48|issue=3|pages=399–406|pmid=22512542}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Keating|first1=C. F.|last2=Pomerantz|first2=J.|last3=Pommer|first3=S. D.|last4=Ritt|first4=S. J. H.|last5=Miller|first5=L. M.|last6=McCormick|first6=J.|year=2005|title=Going to college and unpacking hazing: A functional approach to decrypting initiation practices among undergraduates|journal=Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice|volume=9|issue=2|pages=104–126|doi=10.1037/1089-2699.9.2.104|citeseerx=10.1.1.611.2494|s2cid=43240412}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Lodewijkx|first1=H. F. M.|last2=van Zomeren|first2=M.|last3=Syroit|first3=J. E. M. M.|year=2005|title=The anticipation of a severe initiation: Gender differences in effects on affiliation tendency and group attraction|journal=Small Group Research|volume=36|issue=2|pages=237–262|doi=10.1177/1046496404272381|s2cid=146168269}}
*{{Cite book|last=Morgenstern|first=Julian|title=Rites of Birth, Marriage, Death, and Kindred Occasions among the Semites.|place=Cincinnati|author-link=Julian Morgenstern|year=1966}}
*{{Cite book|last=Turner|first=Victor|year=1967|chapter=Betwixt and between: the liminal period in rites de passage|title=Forest of symbols: aspects of the Ndembu ritual|publisher=Cornell UP|place=Ithaca|pages=23–59}}
*{{Cite book|first=Victor W.|last=Turner|title=The Ritual Process|publisher=Penguin|year=1969}}
*{{Cite book|last=Van Gennep|first=Arnold|title=Les rites de passage|year=1909|language=fr|location=Paris|publisher=Émile Nourry}}
**{{cite journal|author=Frederick Starr|date=March 1910|title=''Les rites de passage''. By Arnold Van Gennep|journal=The American Journal of Sociology|volume=15|issue=5|pages=707–709|doi=10.1086/211834|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RF45AAAAMAAJ&q=les+rites+de+passage&pg=PA708|doi-access=|url-access=subscription}}
*{{Cite book|author-mask=2|last1=Van Gennep|first1=Arnold|translator-first=Monika B|translator-last=Vizedom|translator-first2=Gabrielle L|translator-last2=Caffee|series=Routledge Library Editions Anthropology and Ethnography|title=The Rites of Passage|location=Hove, East Sussex, UK|publisher=Psychology Press|edition=Paperback Reprint|year=1977|orig-date=1960|isbn=978-0-7100-8744-7}}
*{{Cite book|author-mask1=2|translator-mask=2|translator-mask2=2|last1=Van Gennep|first1=Arnold|translator-first=Monika B|translator-last=Vizedom|translator-first2=Gabrielle L|translator-last2=Caffee|title=The Rites of Passage|publisher=Routledge|year=2010|orig-date=1960|edition=Reprint|isbn=978-0-415-61156-5|ref={{sfnref|Van Gennep|Vizedom|Caffee|2010}}}}

==Further reading==
*Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B., "Macedonian Cults" (as "Cultes et rites de passage en Macédoine"), Athens & Paris, 1994
*Devine, A.M., [https://www.jstor.org/stable/711274 "Review: Macedonian Cults"], ''The Classical Review'', New Series, Vol. 46, No. 2 (1996), pp. 279–281, Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical Association
*Padilla, Mark William (editor), [https://books.google.com/books?id=-0JVScga2oYC&q=rites+of+passage+in+ancient+greece "Rites of Passage in Ancient Greece: Literature, Religion, Society"], [[Bucknell University]] Press, 1999. {{ISBN|0-8387-5418-X}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}

*[https://www.dictionary.com/browse/rites-of-passage/ Rites of Passage] at Dictionary.com
*{{cite journal|last1=McCray|first1=Kenja|year=2018|title='Talk Doesn't Cook the Soup': Reflections on a Collegiate Rites of Passage Program|url=http://murmurations-journal.org/index.php/murmurations/article/view/28/6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203151830/http://murmurations-journal.org/index.php/murmurations/article/view/28/6|url-status=usurped|archive-date=December 3, 2019|journal=Murmurations: Emergence, Equity and Education|volume=1|issue=1|pages=20–28|doi=10.31946/meee.v1i1.28|doi-access=free}}

{{Rites of passage}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rite Of Passage}}
[[Category:Rites of passage| ]]
[[Category:Anthropology of religion]]
[[Category:Ceremonies]]
[[Category:Initiation]]

G. Prajith

2026-03-16T23:21:42Z

Rudratree: Started First Details And Citations

{{Short description|Indian film director and producer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = G. Prajith
| image = G._Prajith.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Prajith Karanavar
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kozhencherry]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Film Director|Director]]|[[Film producer|Producer]]}}
| years_active = 2003–present
| height =
| spouse =
| parents =
| education = [[St. Albert's College]], [[Eranakulam]]
| children =
| relatives =
| awards =
| website =
}}
'''G. Prajith''' is an Indian film director and producer who predominantly works in [[Malayalam]] cinema. After many years working as an assistant director, associate director, and chief associate director, he made his directional debut with the 2015 [[road movie|road]]-[[comedy film]] [[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]. He has also directed its Telugu remake, [[Meda Meeda Abbayi]].

==Filmography==
===As director===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Language !! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]'' || [[Malayalam]] ||<ref>{{cite news |last=Sathyendran |first=Nita |date=26 March 2015 |title=A selfie experiment: Debutant director G. Prajith's Oru Vadakkan Selfie is a self-portrait of society. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/a-selfie-experiment/article7032031.ece |work=thehindu.com |access-date=20 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Meda Meeda Abbayi]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||<ref>{{cite news |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=7 September 2017 |title='Meda Meeda Abbayi': Five reasons for watching Allari Naresh's film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/meda-meeda-abbayi-review-five-reasons-for-watching-allari-nareshs-meda-meeda-abbayi-movie-review/articleshow/60410402.cms |work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |access-date=20 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Sathyam Paranja Viswasikkuvo]]'' || rowspan=2 | Malayalam ||<ref>{{cite news |last=SR |first=Praveen |date=12 July 2019 |title='Sathyam Paranja Vishwasikkuvo' review: a believable tale that hits home |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sathyam-paranja-vishwasikkuvo-movie-review-this-biju-menon-samvrutha-sunil-starrer-is-a-believable-tale-that-hits-home/article28413326.ece |work=thehindu.com |access-date=20 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Ashakal Aayiram (2026 film)|Ashakal Aayiram]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-01 |title=Jayaram, Kalidas Jayaram's 'Ashakal Aayiram' cleared for release with 'U' certificate |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jayaram-kalidas-jayarams-ashakal-aayiram-cleared-for-release-with-u-certificate/articleshow/127841226.cms |access-date=2026-02-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|}

===As producer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
|2019
|''[[Nalpathiyonnu]]''
|<ref>Reviews for ''Nalpathiyonnu'':
* {{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/movies-41-malayalam-film-review-biju-menon-lal-jose-nimisha-sajayan-mm-171475.html|title=41 movie review: ഭക്തിയും യുക്തിയും മലകയറുമ്പോൾ|website=News18 Malayalam |date=8 November 2019 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref><ref>Reviews for ''Nalpathiyonnu'':
* {{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/nalpathiyonnu-41-trailer-biju-menon-and-nimisha-sajayans-soulful-entertainer-is-sure-to-leave-you-wanting-for-more/articleshow/71888939.cms|title=Nalpathiyonnu (41) Trailer: Biju Menon and Nimisha Sajayan's soulful entertainer is sure to leave you wanting for more |website=The Times of India |date=4 November 2019 |language=en |access-date=2024-05-22}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Jo and Jo|Jo & Jo]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soman |first=Deepa |date=2022-05-13 |title=Jo and Jo review: Of sibling squabbles, fun and bonding during lockdown |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2022/05/13/jo-and-jo-movie-review-mathew-thomas-naslen-nikhila-vimal.html |website=Onmanorama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Journey of Love 18+]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |website=[[Cinema Express]] |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2023/Jul/08/18-movie-review-fun-young-and-vibrant-entertainer-45399.html |title=18+ Movie Review: Fun, young and vibrant entertainer |date=8 July 2023 }}</ref>
|}

===As chief associate director===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Director !! class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
|2008
|''[[One Way Ticket (2008 film)|One Way Ticket]]''
|Bipin Prabhakar
|
|-
|2009
|''[[Passenger (2009 film)|Passenger]]''
|[[Ranjith Sankar]]
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Mummy & Me]]''
|[[Jeethu Joseph]]
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Malarvaadi Arts Club]]''
|[[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
|
|-
|2011
|''[[The Metro (film)|The Metro]]''
|Bipin Prabhakar
|
|-
|2011
|''[[Doctor Love (film)|Doctor Love]]''
|K. Biju
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Thattathin Marayathu]]''
|[[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
|
|-
|2013
|''[[Thira (film)|Thira]]''
|[[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
|
|-
|2013
|''[[Red Wine (2013 film)|Red Wine]]''
|[[Salam Bappu]]
|
|-
|2014
|''Pedithondan''
|[[Pradeep Chokli]]
|
|}

===As creative director===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="1"| Year
! rowspan="1"| Title
! rowspan="1"|Director
! rowspan="1" class="unsortable"| Reference
|-
|2016
|''[[Jacobinte Swargarajyam]]''
|[[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
|
|}

===As associate director===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="1"| Year
! rowspan="1"| Title
! rowspan="1"|Director
! rowspan="1" class="unsortable"| Reference
|-
|2003
|''[[Melvilasam Sariyanu]]''
|[[Pradeep Chokli]]
|
|-
|2005
|''[[Five Fingers (2005 film)|Five Fingers]]''
|Sanjeev Raj
|
|-
|2006
|''Thanthra''
|KJ Bose
|
|-
|2007
|''[[Ayur Rekha]]''
|GM Manu
|
|-
|2009
|''Sanmanasullavan Appukuttan''
|GM Manu
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Cocktail (2010 film)|Cocktail]]''
|[[Arun Kumar Aravind]]
|
|-
|2013
|''[[Black Butterfly (2013 film)|Black Butterfly]]''
|M. Renjith
|
|-
|2013
|''[[Kunjananthante Kada]]''
|[[Salim Ahamed]]
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prajith, G.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam film producers]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Film producers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Agra Metro

2026-03-11T14:59:43Z

Rudratree: minor improved references further and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Mass rapid transit system in the city of Agra, India}}
{{Update|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox Public transit
| name = Agra Metro
| image = UPMRC.svg
| imagesize = 100px
| caption = UPMRC logo
| native_name =
| owner = [[Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation]]
| locale = [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| transit_type = [[Rapid transit]]
| system_length = 29.65 km (Phase-1) 6 km (priority corridor) <ref>{{cite web | url=https://themetrorailguy.com/agra-metro-information-map-updates/ | title=Agra Metro - Information, Route Map, Fares, Tenders & Updates }}</ref>
| chief_executive =
| ridership =
| headquarters =
| website = {{URL|https://agra.upmetrorail.com/}}
| operator =
| lines = {{ubl|'''2'''}}
| train_length = 3 Coaches
| stations = 27 (Phase 1) 6 (priority corridor)
| track_gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| el = 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[third rail]]
| average_speed = {{convert|34.0|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Agra Metro - Information, Route Map, Fares, Tenders & Updates |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/agra-metro-information-map-updates/ |work=The Metro Rail Guy |access-date=6 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Agra Metro: Information, Route Maps & Project Updates |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/agra-metro-information-route-maps-project-updates/ |work=Metro Rail News |date=8 August 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024}}</ref>
| top_speed = {{convert|90|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| area served = [[Agra]]
| line_number = * '''Operational:''' {{rcb|Agra Metro|yellow|croute}}

* '''Under Construction:''' {{rcb|Agra Metro|blue|croute}}
| start =
| end =
| annual_ridership =
| character = Elevated & Underground
| vehicles =
| map = [[File:AgraMetraRouteMap.jpg|250px|Represents Agra metro route with updated station name.]]
| map_state =
| began_operation = {{start date and age |2024|3|6}}
| image2 = Fatehbad_Road_Metro_4.jpg
| caption2 = Train at Fatehabad Road station
}}

The '''Agra Metro''' is a [[rapid transit]] system in [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. The metro is owned and operated by the [[Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation]] (UPMRC). It is set to consist of two metro lines, with a total length of {{convert|29.65|km}} and 27 stations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation - Official Website of UPMRC |url=https://upmetrorail.com/about/about-upmrcl |access-date=3 March 2025 |website=upmetrorail.com}}</ref> The Agra Metro is one of five rapid transit system in Uttar Pradesh, the others being the [[Lucknow Metro]], [[Meerut Metro]], [[Kanpur Metro]], and [[Noida Metro]].

== History ==
The cost of construction is estimated at {{INR}}350 crore per km. The cost will be evaluated based on the June 2015 price index.

Agra Metro Rail Project will have two corridors that will pass through the heart of the city and will connect prominent tourist places including [[Taj Mahal]], [[Agra Fort]], and Sikandra as well as ISBT, [[Raja Ki Mandi railway station]], Medical College, [[Agra Cantonment railway station]], Collectorate, [[Sanjay Place]], and surrounding densely populated residential areas.

Highlights of these corridors include:
In 2020, [[Bombardier Transportation]] won the contract to supply the rolling stock and the signalling system, and the project received conditional clearance from the [[Supreme court|Supreme Court]].<ref name="Agra Metro Project">{{cite news |title=Agra Metro Project: अब आएगी रफ्तार, अगले सप्ताह से शुरू होगा मेट्रो के लिए ये काम |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/agra-city-agra-metro-project-technical-survey-of-metro-stations-will-be-conducted-from-next-week-20548278.html |access-date=16 August 2020 |work=Dainik Jagran |date=24 July 2020 |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="Decks cleared for Agra Metro project, with conditions - Daijiworld.com">{{cite news |last1=IANS |title=Decks cleared for Agra Metro project, with conditions |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=733702 |access-date=16 August 2020 |work=www.daijiworld.com |date=24 July 2020}}</ref> However the contract was cancelled and Alstom was chosen to supply the rolling stock for the Yellow line. The rolling stock belongs to the [[Alstom Movia]] family, and resembles those that run on the [[Kanpur Metro]]. On 6 March 2023, the first set of coaches arrived at the Taj Station of the Yellow line from Alstom's manufacturing facility at Savli in Gujarat.

==Project timeline==
* July 2016: Detailed Project Report submitted to the State Government.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/uttar-pradesh-government-dprs-meerut-agra-lucknow-metro-2886707/|title=Uttar Pradesh govt gets DPRs for Meerut, Agra|date=1 July 2016|work=The Indian Express|access-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206185246/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/uttar-pradesh-government-dprs-meerut-agra-lucknow-metro-2886707/|archive-date=6 February 2017|url-status=live|language=en-US}}
</ref>
* September 2017: The central government rejected the DPR of Agra Metro as it didn't conform with the new Metro Rail Policy 2017 introduced that month.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bareilly/centre-rejects-metro-rail-project-report/articleshow/60713193.cms|title=Centre rejects metro rail project report - Times of India|date=16 September 2017|work=The Times of India|access-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009094251/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bareilly/centre-rejects-metro-rail-project-report/articleshow/60713193.cms|archive-date=9 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
* January 2018: The UP Government Cabinet decides to build metros in [[Meerut]], [[Kanpur]], and Agra.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/up-to-start-metro-services-in-agra-kanpur-and-meerut|title=UP to Start Metro Services in Agra, Kanpur and Meerut|date=18 January 2018}}</ref>
* September 2018: Detailed Project Report (DPR) sent by the UP Government to the Central Government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/detailed-project-report-of-kanpur-agra-meerut-metro-sent-to-centre-2919871.html|title=UP govt sent DPR to Union govt|date=5 September 2018 }}</ref>
*7 February 2019: The UP Government has allocated {{INR}} 175 crore to start preliminary work in budget.<ref>{{cite news |author=Anurag Gupta |title=कानपुर-आगरा को जल्द मिलेगी मेट्रो की सौगात, 350 करोड़ रुपयों से पकड़ेगी रफ्तार |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-kanpur-and-agra-will-soon-get-access-to-metro-18928764.html |access-date=20 March 2019 |work=[[Dainik Jagaran]] |date=8 February 2019 |language=hi}}</ref>
*28 February 2019: Central Government approved the metro project in Agra.<ref name="Foundation">{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/adityanath-thanks-modi-for-clearing-agra-kanpur-metro-projects/1488020|title=Adityanath thanks Modi for clearing Agra, Kanpur Metro projects|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref>
* 8 March 2019: Foundation stone laid down by [[Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/agra/pm-narendra-modi-will-lay-the-foundation-stone-of-agra-metro|title=कानपुर से पीएम मोदी ने किया आगरा मेट्रो का शिलान्यास, ताजनगरी में हुआ सीधा प्रसारण|website=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=8 March 2019 |access-date=20 March 2019 |language=hi}}</ref>
* August 2019: [[Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation|LMRC]] has requested relevant authorities to transfer land for Metro construction.<ref>{{cite news |title=तेजी सेे बढ़ रही आगरा की मेट्रो, स्टेशनों के लिए जमीन हस्तांतरण की तैयारी Agra News |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/agra-city-metro-train-project-in-agra-take-speed-land-transfer-for-stations-soon-19508926.html |access-date=29 August 2019 |work=Dainik Jagran |date=22 August 2019 |language=hi}}</ref>
* January 2020: Construction work yet to start as few permissions from the [[Supreme Court of India]], Taj Trapezium Zone Authority (TTZ), Forest department, [[Archaeological Survey of India]] and other departments are pending. Once permissions are in place, land acquisition will take another 3 months.<ref>{{cite news |title=Work on Agra Metro yet to start; may miss deadline {{!}} Agra News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/work-on-agra-metro-yet-to-start-may-miss-deadline/articleshow/73448051.cms |access-date=29 January 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=21 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
*15 June 2020: TYPSA - Italferr JV wins General Consultant contract<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 June 2020|title=TYPSA-Italferr JV Wins Kanpur & Agra Metro's General Consultancy|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2020/06/15/typsa-italferr-jv-wins-kanpur-agra-metros-general-consultancy/|access-date=15 June 2020|website=The Metro Rail Guy|language=en-US}}</ref>
* July 2020: [[Bombardier Transportation]] won the Agra Metro and [[Kanpur Metro]] rolling stock and signalling contract. Agra Metro project gets conditional clearance from the Supreme Court. The project which was stuck due to the court stay will now progress fast.<ref name="Agra Metro Project" /><ref name="Decks cleared for Agra Metro project, with conditions - Daijiworld.com" />
* October 2020: Contract awarded for construction for three metro stations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rai |first1=M. K. |title=Agra Metro Line-1's Construction Works Worth Rs 272 Crores Set for award to Sam India |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/agra-metro-line-1s-construction-works-worth-rs-272-crores-set-for-award-to-sam-india/ |access-date=30 October 2020 |work=Metro Rail News |date=23 October 2020}}</ref> Civil engineering work to start in December 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=दिसंबर से शुरू होगा आगरा मेट्रो का काम, 273 करोड़ की लागत से बनेंगे तीन प्रमुख स्टेशन |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/agra/agra-metro-work-will-start-from-december?src=story-related |access-date=30 October 2020 |work=Amar Ujala |date=21 October 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>
* December 2020: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the construction work at the Agra Metro Project Site on 7 December 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Narendra Modi: PM Narendra Modi inaugurates construction work {{!}} Agra News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/agra-metro-project-key-points/articleshow/79602708.cms |access-date=7 December 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=7 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
*April 2021: In Agra metro priority section, a total of 688 piles are to be constructed in the 3 km long portion on Fatehabad Road, in which 344 piles are ready, 10 pillars are built, and digging is continued for 3 metro stations.
*May 2021: UP Metro has built 400 piles out of a total of 686 in the priority section of the Agra Metro project. With this, 45 pile-caps and 16 pillars are also ready. The work of a zero discharge facility at Agra Metro depot is also at a rapid pace. For the zero discharge facility, several underground tanks of different capacities will be built in the Agra Metro Depot complex. For zero discharge facility, a joint water treatment plant of 1 lakh litre capacity will be set up at Agra Metro Depot. In this water treatment plant, the grey water coming out from the kitchen, washroom, floor cleaning, will be recycled. For this, a plant with a capacity of 70,000 litres will be installed. Similarly, a 30,000 litres capacity plant will be set up to treat such black water by washing the coach and whatever other chemical-rich water will come out. Both the plants will be built in the same building so that they can be used in a better way.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}
*June 2021: Construction of depot line for Agra Metro has begun with the commencement of piling work on the depot line with 13 piles already constructed so far.} The depot line will connect the mainline with the Metro Depot which is under construction at PAC Ground where metro trains will be stabled and maintained. For the depot line, a total of 500 piles, 39 pile capes, and 34 piers will be constructed.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}
*June 2021: The casting of the concourse beam of Taj East Gate, the first metro station of Agra Metro, has also started. The piling work has already been completed with the construction of 69 piles of Taj East Gate Metro Station. Currently, the pillars are being constructed in the side grid of Taj East Gate Metro Station. Soon the construction of the concourse level will also start.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}
*June 2021: Along with the construction of the Agra Metro Project Priority Section (Taj East Gate to Jama Masjid), UP Metro has also started the construction of the Depot Line. For this, along with starting the piling, the construction of 13 piles has also been completed. The covered train stabling yard, integrated workshop, and pit wheel length are being constructed in Agra Metro Depot with the new PEB (Pre Engineering Building) technique.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}
*July 2021: [[European Investment Bank]] (EIB) to fund 480 mn [[euros]] for Agra Metro Rail Project.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 July 2021|title=EIB to fund Agra metro rail project: UPMRC|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/eib-to-fund-agra-metro-rail-project-upmrc-101627499390391.html|access-date=28 September 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
*August 2021: Unique codes of all metro stations in Agra Metro Rail Project get approved by [[Indian Railways]], as of 7 August.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agra Metro Rail Project: आगरा मेट्रो के सभी स्टेशनों के यूनिक कोड को मिली मंजूरी, अब इन नामों से भी जाने जाएंगे ये स्टेशन|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/agra-city-unique-code-of-all-stations-of-agra-metro-approved-now-these-stations-will-also-be-known-by-these-names-21904827.html|access-date=28 September 2021|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref>
*August 2021: European Investment Bank (EIB) approves and is ready to fund 480 mn euros for Agra Metro Rail Project, as of 10 August.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EIB agrees to fund 480 million euros for Agra Metro Rail Project|url=https://www.urbantransportnews.com/news/eib-agrees-to-fund-480-million-euros-for-agra-metro-rail-project|access-date=28 September 2021|website=Urban Transport News}}</ref>
*Aug 2021: Taj East Gate Metro Station takes shape, and it will be the first metro station of Agra Metro to be completed, as of 24 August.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agra Metro Rail Project: जल्द आकार लेने लगेगा आगरा का ये मेट्रो स्टेशन, रखा गया पहला डबल टी गर्डर|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/agra-city-first-double-t-girder-successfully-placed-to-shape-the-first-floor-of-taj-east-gate-metro-station-21978708.html|access-date=28 September 2021|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref>
*September 2021: Construction begins of Agra Metro's second metro station, Basai Metro Station.<ref>{{Cite web|title=आगरा मेट्रो के काम ने पकड़ी रफ्तार: ताज पूर्वी के साथ अब बसई स्टेशन पर कार्य शुरू, दस महीने में 102 पिलर का निर्माण|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/uttar-pradesh/agra/agra-metro-project-of-ten-months-construction-of-pillar|access-date=28 September 2021|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref>
*October 2021: Tenders invited for electrification contract for Agra Metro.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tender invited for electrification contract for Agra Metro Rail Project|url=https://urbantransportnews.com/news/tender-invited-for-electrification-contract-for-agra-metro-rail-project|access-date=23 October 2021|website=Urban Transport News}}</ref>
*December 2021: Work on Agra Metro's third metro station, Fatehabad Metro Station, is expected to be completed by December-end.<ref>{{Cite web|title=आगरा में मेट्रो: तीसरे स्टेशन का काम दिसंबर अंत में होगा पूरा, निर्माण के दौरान ताजमहल की खूबसूरत तस्वीर आई सामने|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/agra/agra-metro-train-work-of-station-picture-of-taj-mahal|access-date=6 December 2021|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref>
*July 2023 : Trial run begins.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Agra witnesses first Metro train trial run |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/agra-metro-project-successfully-conducts-trial-run-exciting-citizens-with-historic-milestone-101689083776254.html |access-date=12 July 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=11 July 2023}}</ref>
*March 2024: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the priority corridor section of Agra Metro on 6 March 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=PM Modi inaugurates priority section of Agra Metro; here's a look at the project |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/delhi/pm-modi-inaugurates-agra-metro-all-you-need-to-know-9198469/ |work=The Indian Express |date=6 March 2024 |access-date=6 March 2024}}</ref>

== Project highlights ==
The cost of construction is estimated at {{INR}}350 crore per km. The cost will be evaluated based on the June 2015 price index.

Agra Metro Rail Project will have two corridors that will pass through the heart of the city and will connect prominent tourist places including [[Taj Mahal]], [[Agra Fort]], and [[Akbar's tomb|Sikandra]] as well as ISBT, [[Raja Ki Mandi railway station]], Medical College, [[Agra Cantonment railway station]], Collectorate, [[Sanjay Place]], and surrounding densely populated residential areas.

Highlights of these corridors include:
# The length of Sikandra to Taj East Gate corridor 14.00 km, which is partly elevated and partly underground and comprises 13 stations (6-Elevated and 7-Underground).
# The length of Agra Cantt to Kalindi Vihar corridor is 15.40 km comprising 14 stations all elevated.
# The estimated cost of the project is {{INR}}8,379.62 crore and the project will be completed in five years.

About 20 lakh population of the city is expected to be benefited by Agra Metro Rail Project directly and indirectly at the time of commencement of commercial operations.

The proposed corridors will be having multimodal integration with railway stations and [[Bus rapid transit|BRT]] stations and will have a feeder network of bus, [[intermediate public transport]] (IPT), and non-motorized transport (NMT). The project will have non-fare box revenue from rental and advertisement as well as [[value capture financing]] (VCF) through the mechanism of [[transit-oriented development]] (TOD) and [[transfer of development rights]] (TDR).

The Agra Metro became operational on 6 March 2024.<ref name="Mint_5Mar2024">{{cite news |title=PM Modi to flag off Agra Metro priority corridor: Route, price, other details |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/pm-modi-to-flag-off-agra-metro-priority-corridor-tomorrow-route-price-and-all-you-need-to-know-11709641414244.html |work=Mint |date=5 March 2024 |access-date=5 March 2024}}</ref>

== Route network ==
=== Phase 1 ===
[[File:Mankameshwar Temple Metro 1.jpg|thumb|Mankameshwar Temple Metro Station]]
In Phase 1, 14 metro stations will be built on the Yellow Line (Line 1) from Sikandra to Taj East Gate and 15 metro stations will be built on the Blue Line (Line 2) from [[Agra Cantonment railway station|Agra Cantt]] to Kalindi Vihar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/agra-metro-information-map-updates/| title=Agra Metro – Information, Route Maps, Fares, Tenders & Updates |website=The Metro Rail Guy|access-date=19 December 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!Line Name
! colspan="2" |Terminals
!Length
!Stations
|-
|style="background:#{{rcr|Agra Metro|Yellow}}; text-align: center;"|'''[[Yellow Line (Agra Metro)|Yellow Line]]'''
|Sikandara
|Taj East Gate
|14.27 km
|13
|-
|style="background:#{{rcr|Agra Metro|Blue}}; text-align: center;"|'''[[Blue Line (Agra Metro)|Blue Line]]'''
|Agra Cantt
|Kalindi Vihar
|15.40 km
|15
|-
!colspan="3" |'''Total'''
!29.67 km
!28
|}

===Current phases===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="8" style="background:#ADD8E6;" |Phase 1
|-
!Line Name
! colspan="2" |Terminals
!Length
!Stations
!Opening Date
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#{{rcr|Agra Metro|Yellow}}; text-align: center;"|'''[[Yellow Line (Agra Metro)|Yellow Line]]'''
|Sikandra
|Mankameshwar
|9.07 km
|7
|Under construction
|-
|Mankameshwar
|Taj East Gate
|5.2 km<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Lingamgunta Nirmitha |date=6 March 2024 |title=Now, reach Taj Mahal by Metro. PM to launch Agra 'priority corridor' today |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/now-reach-taj-mahal-by-metro-pm-modi-to-launch-agra-priority-corridor-tomorrow-details-101709610884536.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=6 March 2024}}</ref>
|6
|6 March 2024
|-
| style="background:#{{rcr|Agra Metro|Blue}}; text-align: center;"|'''[[Blue Line (Agra Metro)|Blue Line]]'''
|Agra Cantt.
|Kalindi Vihar
|15.40 km
|15
|Under construction
|-
!colspan="3" |'''Total'''
!29.67 km
!28
!colspan="2" |
|}

=== Current network ===
{{main|List of Agra Metro stations}}
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#add8e6;" colspan="12" |<big>Agra Metro</big>
|-
!Line Name
!First Operational
!Last Extension
!Station
!Length
! colspan="2" |Terminal
!Rolling Stock
!Track Gauge
!Electrification
|-
! style="background:#{{rcr|Agra Metro|Yellow}}; text-align: center;" | [[Yellow Line (Agra Metro)|Yellow Line]]
|6 March 2024
|align=center|N/A
|6
|6 km
|Mankameshwar Mandir
|Taj East Gate
|[[Alstom]] [[Bombardier Movia|MOVIA]]
|{{track gauge|sg}}
|750 V DC [[third rail]]
|}

==Rolling stock==
[[File:Taj Mahal metro station in Agra 03.jpg|left|thumb|Taj Mahal metro station]]
[[File:Agra Metro Inside 1.jpg|thumb|Interior view of Agra Metro]]
In 2020, [[Bombardier Transportation]] won the contract to supply the rolling stock and the signalling system, and the project received conditional clearance from the [[Supreme court|Supreme Court]].<ref name="Agra Metro Project">{{cite news |title=Agra Metro Project: अब आएगी रफ्तार, अगले सप्ताह से शुरू होगा मेट्रो के लिए ये काम |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/agra-city-agra-metro-project-technical-survey-of-metro-stations-will-be-conducted-from-next-week-20548278.html |access-date=16 August 2020 |work=Dainik Jagran |date=24 July 2020 |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="Decks cleared for Agra Metro project, with conditions - Daijiworld.com">{{cite news |last1=IANS |title=Decks cleared for Agra Metro project, with conditions |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=733702 |access-date=16 August 2020 |work=www.daijiworld.com |date=24 July 2020}}</ref> However the contract was cancelled and Alstom was chosen to supply the rolling stock for the Yellow line. The rolling stock belongs to the [[Alstom Movia]] family, and resembles those that run on the [[Kanpur Metro]]. On 6 March 2023, the first set of coaches arrived at the Taj Station of the Yellow line from Alstom's manufacturing facility at Savli in Gujarat.

==Construction progress==
The Agra Metro project faced initial setbacks, with its Detailed Project Report (DPR) rejected in 2017 but later approved in 2019, leading to the foundation stone being laid in March 2019. Construction progressed through multiple phases, culminating in a trial run in July 2023 and the inauguration of the priority corridor by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 6 March 2024.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 March 2024 |title=PM Modi inaugurates priority section of Agra Metro; here's a look at the project |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/delhi/pm-modi-inaugurates-agra-metro-all-you-need-to-know-9198469/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

==Network map==
{{Rapid transit OSM map
|frame-lat = 27.1661176
|frame-long = 78.0357813
|frame-height = 440
|frame-width = 400
|zoom = 13
|stations=yes
|marker-size=small
}}

== See also ==
* [[Urban rail transit in India]]
** [[Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation]]
*** [[Lucknow Metro]]
*** [[Kanpur Metro]]
*** [[Meerut Metro]]
*** [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi Meerut RRTS]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Agra division topics}}
{{Rapid transit in India}}
{{Rapid transit in Asia}}

{{coord|type:event|format=dms|display=title}}

[[Category:Proposed rapid transit in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Transport in Agra]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:2024 in rail transport]]

Jonas Thaliath

2026-03-11T09:41:49Z

Rudratree: made initial bio first draft!

{{Short description|Indian Syro-Malabar Catholic bishop and educational visionary in Bengaluru}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}

{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = bishop
| honorific-prefix = Mar
| name = Jonas Thaliath
| honorific-suffix = CMI
| title = Bishop of the [[Eparchy of Rajkot]]
| church = Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
| diocese = [[Eparchy of Rajkot]]
| appointed = 1977
| term = 11 May 1977 – 7 November 1981<ref name=CH>{{cite web |title=Bishop Jonas Thaliath, C.M.I. |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bthaliath.html |website=Catholic-Hierarchy |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref>
| consecration = 11 May 1977<ref name=CH/>
| birth_date = 21 December 1919<ref name=KCBC>{{cite web |title=Mar Jonas Thaliath |url=https://kcbc.co.in/KCBC/Bishops/121 |website=Kerala Catholic Bishops’ Council |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref>
| birth_place = Puthenpally, Kerala, India<ref name=KCBC/>
| death_date = 7 November 1981<ref name=KCBC/>
| death_place = Rajkot, Gujurat, India
| previous_post = Rector, [[Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram]] (Bengaluru) (1960s)<ref>{{cite web |title=Dharmaram College - Brief History |url=https://www.dharmaram.in/history/brief-history |website=www.dharmaram.in |access-date=3 October 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''Mar Jonas Thaliath''', CMI (also spelled '''Thalliath'''; 21 December 1919 – 7 November 1981) was an Indian prelate of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the [[Eparchy of Rajkot]] from 1977 until his death in 1981.<ref name=CH/><ref name=KCBC/> He is also noted as a scholar on the [[Saint Thomas Christians]] for his monograph ''The Synod of Diamper'' (1958), which drew reviews in leading journals and continues to be cited in subsequent historiography.<ref name=OCA>{{cite book |last=Thaliath |first=Jonas |title=The Synod of Diamper |series=Orientalia Christiana Analecta |volume=152 |location=Rome |publisher=Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum |year=1958 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zv8tAAAAYAAJ |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Kiemen |first=Mathias C. |title=Review: The Synod of Diamper by Jonas Thaliath |journal=The Catholic Historical Review |volume=45 |issue=2 |year=1959 |pages=193–194 |jstor=25016531 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i25016531 |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mark |first1=J. R. |title=Jonas Thaliath: The Synod of Diamper (OCA 152) |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |year=1959 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=619–620 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00066155 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/jonas-thaliath-the-synod-of-diamper-orientalia-christiana-analecta-152-xx-238-pp-roma-pontinstitutum-orientalium-studiorum-1958-l-3000/E8CCB144FAE389F4BCD8677EC7EF6934 |access-date=2 October 2025|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Ryan |first=James D. |title=European Travelers before Columbus: The Fourteenth-Century Mendicant Missions |journal=The Catholic Historical Review |volume=79 |issue=2 |year=1993 |pages=189–215 |jstor=25024143 |quote=Jonas Thaliath, T.O.C.D., ''The Synod of Diamper'' (Rome, 1958). }}</ref>

== Early life and priesthood ==
Thaliath was born at Puthenpally, Kerala, on 21 December 1919; he entered the [[Carmelites of Mary Immaculate]] (CMI), made his [[religious profession]] in 1937, and pursued ecclesiastical studies in Kandy and Pune.<ref name=KCBC/> After ordination, he taught at [[Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram]] in Bengaluru and rose to leadership positions within the CMI congregation.<ref name=KCBC/>

== Career ==
=== Dharmaram College and Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram (DVK) ===
Institutional histories credit Thaliath as the visionary behind the development of [[Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram|Dharmaram College]], noting he took charge of the [[Dharmaram College| study house]] on 21 November 1955 and drove the rapid development of its infrastructure and academic vision.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dharmaram College – Brief History |url=https://www.dharmaram.in/history/brief-history |website=Dharmaram College |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref> Dharmaram’s later evolution into [[Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram]] (DVK), with its theology faculty recognised as a pontifical athenaeum, is presented as the fulfilment of a long-held plan to anchor Catholic higher education in Bengaluru.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://dvk.in/history |website=Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref>

=== Christ University ===
The founding vision of [[Christ University|Christ College]] (established in 1969 and now recognised as Christ University) is attributed to Bishop Jonas Thaliath. Institutional accounts describe the college as the fulfilment of a “long cherished dream” realised through his “untiring efforts”, highlighting his role in registering the college trust and in securing government approval during the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Golden Jubilee – Bengaluru |url=https://christuniversity.in/GoldenJubilee
|website=Christ (Deemed to be University) |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Aurus Memoirs – CHRIST Book of Memories |url=https://christuniversity.in/uploads/centers/CAPS/AURUS%20MEMOIRS%20-%20CHRIST%20Book%20Of%20Memories_20201217103547.pdf
|website=Christ (Deemed to be University) |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://christpucr.org/about-us
|website=Christ PU (Christ University) |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Christite Handbook 2020–21 |url=https://christuniversity.in/uploads/centers/IQAC/handbook2020_20220105020913.pdf
|website=Christ (Deemed to be University) |page=16 |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref>

=== St John’s Medical College (Bengaluru) ===
According to congregational and ecclesial histories, Thaliath played a decisive role in the development of [[St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences]], particularly in securing its financial autonomy and guiding it through a period of crisis in the 1970s. These accounts describe him as a “great visionary and practical genius”.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bishop Jonas Thaliath CMI: A Great Visionary and Practical Genius |url=https://lightoftruth.in/letters/bishop-jonas-thaliath-cmi-great-visionary-practical-genious/
|website=Light of Truth |date=21 December 2024 |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref>

== Bishop of Rajkot ==
Thaliath was appointed the first Bishop of the newly erected Syro-Malabar Diocese of Rajkot and was consecrated on 11 May 1977; he served until his death on 7 November 1981.<ref name=CH/><ref name=KCBC/>

== Publications ==
Thaliath authored a monograph on the early modern history of the Saint Thomas Christians:
* '''''The Synod of Diamper''''' (Rome: Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum, 1958), ''Orientalia Christiana Analecta'' 152, xix + 238 pp.<ref name=OCA/><ref>{{cite journal |last=Kiemen |first=Mathias C. |title=Review: The Synod of Diamper by Jonas Thaliath |journal=The Catholic Historical Review |volume=45 |issue=2 |year=1959 |pages=193–194 |jstor=25016531 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i25016531 |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mark |first1=J. R. |title=Jonas Thaliath: The Synod of Diamper (OCA 152) |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |year=1959 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=619–620 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00066155 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/jonas-thaliath-the-synod-of-diamper-orientalia-christiana-analecta-152-xx-238-pp-roma-pontinstitutum-orientalium-studiorum-1958-l-3000/E8CCB144FAE389F4BCD8677EC7EF6934 |access-date=2 October 2025|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

A congregational biography has also been published:
* '''''Bishop Jonas Thaliath of Rajkot: A Biography''''' (Rajkot: Deepti Publications, 1998).<ref>{{cite web |title=Bishop Jonas Thaliath of Rajkot: A Biography |url=https://dharmaramlibrary.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=21977 |website=Dharmaram Library Catalogue |date=1998 |access-date=2 October 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.dharmaram.in/history/brief-history Dharmaram College – Brief History]
* [https://dvk.in/history Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram – History]
* [https://christuniversity.in/GoldenJubilee Christ University – Golden Jubilee]
* [https://lightoftruth.in/letters/bishop-jonas-thaliath-cmi-great-visionary-practical-genious/ Light of Truth tribute]
* [https://kcbc.co.in/KCBC/Bishops/121 KCBC bishop profile]
* [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bthaliath.html Catholic-Hierarchy entry]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thaliath, Jonas}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Eastern Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar bishops]]
[[Category:People from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Indian Christian theologians]]
[[Category:Christianity in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Carmelites of Mary Immaculate]]

Shakeela

2026-03-10T18:05:42Z

Rudratree:

{{Short description|Indian actress and politician}}
{{About||the 2020 Indian biographic film about the subject|Shakeela (film)}}
{{Other uses|Shakila (disambiguation)}}
{{distinguish|Shakira}}

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shakeela
| image = Shakeela.jpg
| caption = Shakeela in 2018
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| birth_date = 
| birth_name = Shakeela Begum
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|Politician|Softcore pornographic actress}}
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| children =
| yearsactive = 1994–present
| other_names = Shakila
}}
'''C. Shakeela''', known mononymously as '''Shakeela''', is an Indian actress and politician who has predominantly acted in [[Malayalam cinema]], in addition to [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] language films. She is a member of [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/from-the-archives-who-is-shakeela-khan-1753973-2020-12-28 |title=From the archives: Who is Shakeela Khan? |author=Methil Renuka |date=29 December 2020 |magazine=India Today}}</ref>

Shakeela debuted in the [[softcore pornographic]] film ''Playgirls'' (1995) at the age of 18.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDEEAAAAMBAJ&q=shakeela+telugu+actress&pg=PA71 |title=Outlook |date=22 December 2008 |publisher=Outlook Publishing |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="indiadaily.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/3080.asp |title=The soft porn queen of India Shakeela decides to tell her life story – many bombshells worried what she may reveal! |date=8 June 2005 |work=India Daily |access-date=13 June 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613183850/http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/3080.asp |archive-date=13 June 2006}}</ref> She became a popular figure in [[Kerala]] with the release of [[Malayalam softcore pornography|Malayalam softcore]] film ''[[Kinnara Thumbikal]]'' in 2000. This film would go on to pioneer a new wave of low-budget softcore porn films in the state, with Shakeela starring in many of them. In Kerala's hero-centric [[Malayalam cinema|mainstream industry]] of her time, Shakeela's emergence as a liberated woman, who displays her sexuality in defiance of social norms led to what became known as Malayalam cinema's ''Shakeela tharangam'' (Shakeela wave).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mini |first=Darshana Sreedhar |date=2019-04-01 |title=The Rise of Soft Porn in Malayalam Cinema and the Precarious Stardom of Shakeela |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/fmh/article/5/2/49/109555/The-Rise-of-Soft-Porn-in-Malayalam-Cinema-and-the |journal=Feminist Media Histories |language=en |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=49–82 |doi=10.1525/fmh.2019.5.2.49|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Early life==
Shakeela was born in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] in a [[Muslims|Muslim]] family. Her mother was from [[Nellore]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="interview">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZkb5GUA7_A&t=440s "സിനിമാ അഭിനയവും വിവാദങ്ങൾ നിറഞ്ഞ ജീവിതവും"]. ''[[Flowers (TV channel)|24 News Live]]''. [[YouTube]]. Retrieved 3 August 2019.</ref> She could not complete her school leaving certificate examination, eventually making her foray into films.<ref name=interview/>

==Career==
From the beginning of her career, she acted in [[B movies]] and [[Malayalam softcore pornography|softcore pornography]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scroll.in/reel/871834/after-turning-softcore-films-into-hits-southern-actress-shakeela-gets-a-biopic-of-her-own |title=After turning softcore films into hits, Southern actress Shakeela gets a biopic of her own |first=Archana |last=Nathan |website=Scroll.in|date=14 March 2018 }}</ref> One of her big hits was the 2000 Malayalam film ''[[Kinnarathumbikal]]'', which brought her into limelight. Kinnarathumbikal was dubbed in more than six Indian languages and was a major commercial success, grossing ₹4 crore at the box office against a budget of ₹12 lakhs. She did a few controversial topless scenes in her initial movies until she got noticed.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="indiadaily.com"/> Her B movies were dubbed and released in almost all Indian languages. Her films were dubbed into foreign languages like [[Nepali language|Nepalese]], Chinese, and [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]. After she acted in several movies, the soft-porn movies in India were colloquially called as "shakeela films".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/08/08/stories/2002080800160200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041001051251/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/08/08/stories/2002080800160200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 October 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Smut glut |date=8 August 2002}}</ref> Shakeela hired a [[body double]] Surayya Banu to do her topless scenes.<ref name="SurayyaBhanu"/>

Shakeela started appearing in family character roles in Tamil, Telugu and Kannada language movies since 2003. She wrote her autobiography in Malayalam,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://openthemagazine.com/art-culture/a-soft-porn-stars-life/ |title=A Soft Porn Star's Life |date=11 February 2014}}</ref> which covered her family, her background, as well as her acquaintance with notable film personalities, politicians and childhood friends.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/01/13/stories/2003011301800400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050119022914/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/01/13/stories/2003011301800400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 January 2005 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Providing a political platform |date=13 January 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/26/stories/2003052601930400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030801063518/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/26/stories/2003052601930400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 August 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Promises and lies |date=26 May 2003}}</ref>

In January 2018, she announced her 250th film as an actor, ''Sheelavathi'', would begin production.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/why-cant-a-shakeela-film-be-called-sheelavathi-/articleshow/64574766.cms |title=Why can't a Shakeela film be called 'Sheelavathi' ? |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 June 2018 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.apnewscorner.com/en/film-news/actress-shakeelas-250th-movie-titled-seelavathi-virgin Actress Shakeela's 250th movie titled Seelavathi – Virgin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214204334/http://www.apnewscorner.com/en/film-news/actress-shakeelas-250th-movie-titled-seelavathi-virgin |date=14 February 2020 }} ''AP News Corner''. 28 January 2018</ref>

==Personal life==
In 2002, Shakeela announced that she will no longer act in B grade movies.<ref name=interview/> Shakeela released her autobiography ''Shakeela: Aatmakatha'' in 2013.<ref name="SurayyaBhanu">{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-shakeela-the-woman-who-inspired-genres-without-ever-doing-porn-2112421 |title=Shakeela, the woman who inspired genres without ever doing porn |date=9 August 2015}}</ref>

==Politics==

Shakeela joined the [[Indian National Congress]] in March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/shakeela-joins-congress-in-kerala-678998 |title=Shakeela Joins Congress in Kerala |date=28 March 2021 |website=thehansindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/india/2021/03/26/actress-shakeela-joins-congress-party.html |title=Yesteryear actress Shakeela joins Congress |website=OnManorama}}</ref>

== Partial filmography ==
Shakeela has featured in over 250 in Malayalam, Tamil, Hindi, Telugu, and Kannada language films in various roles.

=== Malayalam films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film
! Role
!Notes
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Sobhanam]]''
|
|
|-
|1998
| ''[[Kulirkaattu]]''
|
|
|-
|1999 ||''[[Captain (1999 film)|Captain]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2000|| ''[[Raakkilikal]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Thankathoni''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Nishasurabhikal]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kaathara]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Manjukaalappakshi''
|
|
|-
| ''Neela Thadakathile Nizhal Pakshikal''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kinnara Thumbikal]]''
| Dakshyani
|
|-
| rowspan="23" | 2001|| ''Koumaram''
|
|
|-
| ''Agrahaaram''
|
|
|-
| ''Yaamini''
|
|
|-
| ''Vezhambal''
|
|
|-
| ''Pranayaaksharangal''
|
|
|-
| ''Naalam Simham''
|
|
|-
| ''Laya Thalangal''
|
|
|-
| ''Kaadambari''
|
|
|-
| ''Agnipushpam''
|
|
|-
| ''Naalaam Simham''
|
|
|-
| ''Driving School''
|
|
|-
| ''Ee Raavil''
|
|
|-
| ''Kinnaaram Chollicholli''
|
|
|-
|''Nimishangal''
|
|
|-
| ''Maami''
|
|
|-
| ''Romance''
|
|
|-
| ''Kalluvaathukkal Kathreena''
|
|
|-
| ''Premaagni''
|
|
|-
| ''Chaarasundari''
|
|
|-
| ''Mohanayanangal''
|
|
|-
| ''Laasyam''
|
|
|-
| ''Swargavaathil''
|
|
|-
| ''Aalilathoni''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="14" |2002
| ''Sneha''
|
|
|-
| ''Soundarya Lahari''
|
|
|-
| ''Pushpasharam''
|
|
|-
| ''Randu Penkuttikal''
|
|
|-
| ''Niramulla Swapnangal''
|
|
|-
| ''Eden Thottam''
|
|
|-
| ''Aalinganam''
|
|
|-
| ''Uff Yeh Jawani''
|
|
|-
| ''Sisiram''
|
|
|-
| ''Mohaswapnam''
|
|
|-
| ''Pranaya Shalabhangal''
|
|
|-
| ''Miss Suvarna''
|
|
|-
| ''Namukkoru Koodaram''
|
|
|-
| ''Thirunelliyile Penkutty''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2003
| ''Ananthapuram Raajakumaari''
|
|
|-
| ''Veendum Thulabharam''
|
|
|-
|2004
| ''Sandra''
|
|
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Chotta Mumbai]]''
| Herself
|
|-
|2011
| ''[[Teja Bhai & Family]]''
|
|
|-
| 2012 || ''Iniyum Oru Janmam''
|
|
|-
| 2013 || ''Neelakurinji Poothu''
|
|
|-
| 2015 ||''Six''
|
|
|-
|}

=== Other language films ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film
! Role!! Language
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1994 || ''Playgirls''
| || rowspan="3" | Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Jallikattu Kaalai]]''
| Pushpavanam
|
|-
| 1996 ||''[[Vasantha Vaasal]]''
| Sunitha
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1998 || ''[[Ponnu Velayira Bhoomi]]''
| || rowspan="3" | Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Udhavikku Varalaamaa]]''
| item number
|
|-
| ''[[Maru Malarchi|Marumalarchi]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2001
| ''Nayeem And Shakeela''
| || Telugu
|
|-
| ''Sneha''
| || Tamil
|
|-
| ''Sagara''
| || Kannada
|
|-
| ''Agniputhri''
| || rowspan="3" | Telugu
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2002 || ''Soundharyalahari''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Thotti Gang]]''
| Matasri
|
|-
| ''Penmanassu''
| || rowspan="3" | Telugu
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2003 || ''Duppatlo Dhada Dhada''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Jayam (2002 film)|Jayam]]''
| Gnana Saraswathi
|
|-
| ''[[Jayam (2003 film)|Jayam]]''
| Gnana Sarawathi|| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Nijam]]''
| || rowspan="2" | Telugu
|
|-
| ''[[Dongodu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Dhool]]''
| Herself|| Tamil
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2004 || ''[[Puttintiki Ra Chelli]]''
| ||Telugu
|
|-
| ''[[Monalisa (film)|Monalisa]]''|| College principal
| Kannada
|
|-
| ''Singara Chennai''|| || rowspan="2" | Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Loves (film)|Loves]]''
| Herself
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2005 || ''[[786 Khaidi Premakatha]]'' || || rowspan="2" | Telugu<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-786.html|title=Movie review - 786 (Khaidi Premakatha)|date=4 February 2005|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|last=Jeevi|access-date=12 February 2024|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117192014/http://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-786.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
|-
| ''[[Keelu Gurram (2005 film)|Keelu Gurram]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Thaka Thimi Tha]]''
| Rama || rowspan="2" | Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Sorry Enaku Kalyanamayidichu]]''|| Baby
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2006 || ''[[Shri (film)|Shri]]'' || || Kannada
|
|-
| ''[[Bangaram (film)|Bangaram]]''
| Ammukutty || Telugu
|
|-
| ''Thodamaley''
| || rowspan="2" | Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Vathiyar]]''
| Item number
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2007
| ''[[Viyabari]]''
| Minister Dairy Development || rowspan="4" | Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Azhagiya Tamil Magan]]''
| Shakeela
|
|-
| ''[[Pazhaniappa Kalloori]]''
| Chechi
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2008 || ''[[Vambu Sandai]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Black & White (2008 Telugu film)|Black & White]]''
| || rowspan="2" | Telugu
|
|-
| ''Paape O Parupu''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Nadigai]]''
| Herself || Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Dongala Bandi]]''
| || Telugu
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2009 || ''[[Kempa (film)|Kempa]]''
| Bindu's mother || Kannada
|
|-
| ''[[Current (2009 film)|Current]]''
| || Telugu
|
|-
| ''[[Siva Manasula Sakthi]]''
| Sakthi || rowspan="6" | Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Malai Malai]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2010 || ''[[Boss Engira Bhaskaran]]''
| Parimala teacher
|
|-
| ''[[Maanja Velu]]''
| Mathangi
|
|-
| ''[[Vallakottai (film)|Vallakottai]]''
| Saleswoman
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011 || ''[[Guru Sishyan (2010 film)|Guru Sishyan]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Ninety''
| || Kannada
|
|-
|2012
| ''[[Kai (film)|Kai]]''
| || rowspan="2" | Tamil
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
| ''Ragalaipuram''
|
|
|-
|''Ade Baaja''
| || Telugu
|
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Adhu Vera Idhu Vera]]''
| || Tamil
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2015
|''Romantic Target''
| || Telugu
|
|-
| ''[[Patharagitthi]]''
| || Kannada
|
|-
| ''[[Vasuvum Saravananum Onna Padichavanga]]''
| Akila Cheichi || Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Luv U Alia]]''
| || Kannada
|
|-
| ''[[Sakalakala Vallavan (2015 film)|Sakalakala Vallavan]]''
| Herself || rowspan="3" | Tamil
|
|-
| 2017 || ''Sevili''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019 || ''[[Pottu (film)|Pottu]]''
| Biochemistry Professor
|
|-
| ''[[Kobbari Matta]]''
| Pandu || Telugu
|
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Kanni Raasi]]''
| Chechi || rowspan="8" | Tamil
|
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Engada Iruthinga Ivvalavu Naala]]''
| Shakeela
|
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Kick (2023 film)|Kick]]''
| Ad Council
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2025 || ''[[Madha Gaja Raja]]''
| Marriage attendee
|
|-
| ''[[Mrs & Mr]]''
| Shakeela
|
|-
| ''Sareeram''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Pagal Kanavu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Madharas Mafia Company]]''
|
|
|-
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Channel
!Language
!Notes
|-
|2014
|''[[Bigg Boss Kannada (season 2)]]''
|Contestant
|[[Star Suvarna]]
|Kannada
|Evicted Day 27
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016||''Health Education''||Host||[[YouTube]]||Tamil||Telecasted on Interactive TV Channel
|-
|''Comedy Super Nights 2''||Herself||Flowers TV||Malayalam||Episode 5
|-
|2018||''Adhu Idhu Yedhu''||Participant||Star Vijay||Tamil||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019||''Comedy Stars''||Herself ||Asianet|| rowspan="3" |Malayalam||Guest
|-
|''Janakeeya Kodathi''||Guest speaker||24 News||
|-
|2020||''[[Funny Nights with Pearle Maaney]]''||Herself||Zee Keralam||Guest
|-
|2020-2021
|''[[Cooku With Comali |Cooku With Comali (Season 2)]]''
|Contestant
|[[Star Vijay]]
|Tamil
|1st Runner-Up
|-
| rowspan="5" |2021
|''[[Alitho Saradaga]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alitho Saradaga: సావిత్రి అన్నీ పుణ్యాలే చేస్తే అలా ఎందుకు పోయింది.. ఆత్మకథలో అబద్ధాలు చెప్పాలా? షకీలా సంచలన కామెంట్స్ |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/news/alitho-saradaga-latest-promo-actress-shakeela-shocking-comments-on-mahanati-savitri/articleshow/80361612.cms |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref>
|Herself
|[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]
|Telugu
|Episode 211
|-
|''Start Music (Season 2)''
|Contestant
| [[Star Vijay]]
| rowspan="3" | Tamil
|Winner

|-
|''Kanni Theevu Ullasa Ulagam 2.0''
|Raja Mata
|[[Colors Tamil|Colours Tamil]]
|
|-
|''Singapenney''
| rowspan="2" |Participant
|[[Star Vijay]]
|
|-
|''Cash''
|[[ETV (Telugu)|E TV]]
|Telugu
|
|-
|2023–2025||''[[Surabhiyum Suhasiniyum]]''||Urmila|| rowspan="3" |[[Flowers TV]]|| rowspan="3" |[[Malayalam]]||TV serial
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023||''Flowers Oru Kodi''||Participant|| rowspan="2" |Gameshow{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
|-
|''Star magic''||Mentor
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu season 7)]]'' ||Contestant||[[Star Maa]]||[[Telugu language|Telugu]]||Evicted Day 14
|-
|}

==Popularity and reception==
Shakeela, who rose to fame quickly, served as her movies' main character and the centre of its story. According to film industry analyst ''Sreedhar Pillai'', Shakeela's stardom extended beyond state boundaries as well, with these films getting their own dubbed versions across the country. As a result, for thousands of that generation, their only access to Malayalam cinema was the kind that would star Shakeela. According to critic and film historian ''C. S. Venkiteswaran'', Shakeela became known as the promiscuous [[Malayali]] woman in nearby areas like [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Karnataka]], where words like "chechi" or "aunty" were sarcastically used to refer to them. The prejudice that these films appealed to in other states was furthered by the fact that Kerala had a distinctive sartorial culture where ladies wore a lungi and a blouse. And it added yet another depth to their fantasies about these ladies when they included yet another widely held stereotype of the missing Malayali males employed in the [[Arab world|Gulf]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=2020-05-16 |title=Shakeela, Superstardom And A Softporn Wave That Threatened The Survival Of Malayalam Cinema |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/shakeela-superstardom-and-a-softporn-wave-that-threatened-the-survival-of-malayalam-cinema |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref>

According to film director ''Venkiteswaran,'' Shakeela eventually became highest paid employee on the set, and the production of the movie was planned around her comfort. She has said in many interviews that how these production teams would trick her into acting as many as three films at once without her knowledge, flooding the market with her films. The fly-by-night studios made more money during this time, more so than the actors who played the leads in these films. According to film scholar ''Darshana Sreedhar Mini'', during the Malayalam cinema industry's crisis in the early 2000s, Shakeela films' success became essential to the industry's existence because her presence guaranteed profit and, thus, the survival of these personnel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shilpa |date=2019-07-31 |title=Malayalam Cinema's Other: Soft-porn and the Stardom of Shakeela |url=https://alablog.in/issues/issue-11/malayalam-cinemas-other-soft-porn-and-the-stardom-of-shakeela/ |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Ala / അല |language=en-GB}}</ref> In 2001, more than 70% of Malayalam films were of the soft porn genre, and she appeared in many of them. Popular Malayalam films at the period focused on showing heroic masculinity and completely muted the agential role of women. Shakeela's films, in contrast, stood out because they emphasised her presence to the point where the male roles served as functional filler. In actuality, the majority of Shakeela's male co-stars were little more than "extras," with unimpressive careers. Shakeela's presence during a period of economic crisis temporarily destabilised Kerala's hero-centric mainstream business, giving rise to the ''Shakeela tharangam'' (wave of Shakeela).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mini |first=Darshana Sreedhar |date=2016 |title=The Spectral Duration of Malayalam Soft-porn: Disappearance, Desire, and Haunting |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0974927616667971 |journal=BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=127–150 |doi=10.1177/0974927616667971 |issn=0974-9276|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==In popular culture==
[[Indrajit Lankesh]] directed her biopic ''[[Shakeela (film)|Shakeela]]'' (2020) based on her life in which [[Richa Chadda]] portrays the title character.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shakeela-lauds-her-biopic-that-stars-richa-chadha/articleshow/80045389.cms |title=Shakeela lauds her biopic that stars Richa Chadha |date=31 December 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/richa-chadhas-shakeela-to-release-theatrically-on-christmas/article33212766.ece |title=Richa Chadha's 'Shakeela' to release theatrically on Christmas |date=30 November 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> On 22 September 2023, a 5-minute sketch featuring Shakeela was released by [[Netflix]] on [[YouTube]] to promote the concluding season of their series ''[[Sex Education (TV series)|Sex Education]]'', among the Malayali audience. The sketch titled "'Shakeela's driving school" was also a reminiscent of her successful film ''Driving School''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. N. M. |date=2023-09-05 |title=Shakeela offers sex ed tips while promoting Netflix's popular show Sex Education |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/shakeelas-driving-school-netflix-ropes-in-actor-promote-final-season-of-sex-education |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Reshma (B-grade actress)|Reshma]]
* [[Silk Smitha]]
* [[Malayalam softcore pornography]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0787631|name=Shakeela}}
*[https://shakeelafullmoviedownload.tumblr.com/ Shakeela biopic] official website

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]
[[Category:Actresses from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Nellore]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Cooku with Comali contestants]]
[[Category:Pornography in India]]

Maujaan Hi Maujaan

2026-03-08T03:05:11Z

Rudratree: Put up a pg initial version.

{{Short description|2023 Indian Punjabi-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maujaan Hi Maujaan
| image = Maujaan Hi Maujaan.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Smeep Kang]]
| writer = [[Naresh Kathooria]]
| screenplay =
| story = {{ubl|Shreya Srivastava|Vaibhav Suman}}
| producer = Amardeep Grewal
| starring = [[Gippy Grewal]] [[Tanu Grewal]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Baljit Singh Deo
| editing = Rohit Dhiman
| music =
| studio = {{ubl|East Sunshine Productions|SSR Picture Ltd}}
| distributor = Omjee Cine world
| released = {{Film date|2023|10|20|df=y}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = India
| language = Punjabi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Maujaan Hi Maujaan''''' (translation: ''Fun Only Fun'') is a 2023 Indian [[Punjabi language|Punjabi-language]], comedy drama film directed by [[Smeep Kang]]. It is produced by Amardeep Grewal under East Sunshine Productions and SSR Picture Ltd. The film stars [[Gippy Grewal]] and [[Tanu Grewal]] in the lead roles. Initially, the film was scheduled to be released on 8 September 2023, but the film was theatrically released on 20 October 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/gippy-grewal-film-maujaan-hi-maujaan-gets-release-date-8339305/ | title=Gippy Grewal film Maujaan Hi Maujaan gets release date | date=22 December 2022 | access-date=23 October 2023 | archive-date=5 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105032842/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/gippy-grewal-film-maujaan-hi-maujaan-gets-release-date-8339305/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Gippy Grewal]]
* [[Tanu Grewal]]
* [[Binnu Dhillon]]
* [[Karamjit Anmol]]
* Jimmy Sharma
* [[B. N. Sharma]]
* [[Nasir Chinyoti]]
* [[Yograj Singh]]
* Hashneen Chauhan

== Production ==
In November 2022, the film was announced with [[Gippy Grewal]], [[Binnu Dhillon]], [[Tanu Grewal]], Hashneen Chauhan and [[Karamjit Anmol]] joining the cast.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/gippy-grewal-announces--maujaan-hi-maujaan-/81847092.html | title=Ahmedabad News – Latest & Breaking Ahmedabad News | access-date=23 October 2023 | archive-date=8 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108121905/https://ahmedabadmirror.com/gippy-grewal-announces--maujaan-hi-maujaan-/81847092.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The [[principal photography]] of the film started in November 2022 and was wrapped in January 2023.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/gippy-grewal-begins-the-shoot-of-maujaan-hi-maujaan/articleshow/95577017.cms | title=Gippy Grewal begins the shoot of 'Maujaan Hi Maujaan' | newspaper=The Times of India | date=17 November 2022 | access-date=23 October 2023 | archive-date=15 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215093748/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/gippy-grewal-begins-the-shoot-of-maujaan-hi-maujaan/articleshow/95577017.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/its-a-wrap-for-maujaan-hi-maujaan/articleshow/97088366.cms | title=It's a wrap for 'Maujaan Hi Maujaan' | newspaper=The Times of India | date=18 January 2023 | access-date=23 October 2023 | archive-date=24 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124144941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/its-a-wrap-for-maujaan-hi-maujaan/articleshow/97088366.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> The trailer of the film was released on 21 September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/lot-of-people-will-watch-because-of-him-gippy-grewal-on-inviting-salman-khan-at-maujaan-hi-maujaan-trailer-launch-1503224462.html|title="Lot of people will watch because of him": Gippy Grewal on inviting Salman Khan at 'Maujaan Hi Maujaan' trailer launch - The Statesman|website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=22 September 2023 }}</ref> The film cast sought blessings at the [[Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur|Kartarpur Sahib]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/international/2023/10/16/fes36-pak-indian-actors-kartarpur.html | title=Indian actors from Punjab visit Kartapur Sahib in Pakistan perform religious rituals | website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] | access-date=23 October 2023 | archive-date=19 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119034007/https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/international/2023/10/16/fes36-pak-indian-actors-kartarpur.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The cast also promoted the film on [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 17)|Bigg Boss 17]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/bigg-boss-17-salman-khan-hosted-weekend-kaa-waar-to-have-gippy-grewal-and-tanu-grewal-this-week/a4dd87fbca292 | title=Bigg Boss 17: Salman Khan hosted Weekend Kaa Waar to have Gippy Grewal and Tanu Grewal this week | access-date=23 October 2023 | archive-date=23 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023184510/https://www.ottplay.com/news/bigg-boss-17-salman-khan-hosted-weekend-kaa-waar-to-have-gippy-grewal-and-tanu-grewal-this-week/a4dd87fbca292 | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Sheetal of ''[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]'' rated the film 0.5/5 stars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/no-mauj-in-this-one-555211|title=No mauj in this one! : The Tribune India|access-date=23 October 2023|archive-date=2 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102024927/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/reviews/story/no-mauj-in-this-one-555211|url-status=live}}{{Rating|0.5|5}}</ref> Jaspreet Nijher of ''[[The Times of India]]'' awarded the film 4/5 stars.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movie-reviews/movie-review-maujaan-hi-maujaan/movie-review/104585998.cms | title=Maujaan Hi Maujaan Movie Review : An endearing and entertaining story of inclusivity for the disabled | newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=23 October 2023 | archive-date=23 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023143842/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movie-reviews/movie-review-maujaan-hi-maujaan/movie-review/104585998.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> Sukhpreet Kahlon of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film 4/5 stars.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/maujaan-hi-maujaan-movie-review-gippy-grewal-shines-in-hilarious-situational-comedy-with-a-social-message-8994357/ | title=Maujaan Hi Maujaan movie review: Gippy Grewal shines in hilarious situational comedy with a social message | date=22 October 2023 | access-date=23 October 2023 | archive-date=23 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023051228/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/maujaan-hi-maujaan-movie-review-gippy-grewal-shines-in-hilarious-situational-comedy-with-a-social-message-8994357/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2023 Punjabi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]

Ishan Pandita

2026-03-06T04:41:36Z

Rudratree:

{{short description|Indian footballer (born 1998)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Ishan Pandita
| image =
| caption = Pandita with [[Kerala Blasters]] in 2023
| fullname = Ishan Pandita
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|5|26|df=y}}
| height = 1.83 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/forward-142365-ishan-pandita-profile |title=Ishan Pandita profile |access-date=25 March 2022 |archive-date=26 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126044026/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/forward-142365-ishan-pandita-profile |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]]
| currentclub = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| clubnumber = 18
| youthyears1 = 2014–2015
| youthclubs1 = [[Alcobendas CF|Alcobendas]]
| youthyears2 = 2015–2016
| youthclubs2 = [[UD Almería|Almería]]
| youthyears3 = 2016–2019
| youthclubs3 = [[CD Leganés|Leganés]]
| youthyears4 = 2019
| youthclubs4 = [[Gimnàstic de Tarragona|Gimnàstic]]
| years1 = 2019
| clubs1 = [[CF Pobla de Mafumet|Pobla Mafumet]]
| caps1 = 1
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2019–2020
| clubs2 = [[Lorca FC|Lorca]]
| caps2 = 23
| goals2 = 4
| years3 = 2020–2021
| clubs3 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| caps3 = 11
| goals3 = 4
| years4 = 2021–2023
| clubs4 = [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| caps4 = 34
| goals4 = 5
| years5 = 2023–2025
| clubs5 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| caps5 = 18
| goals5 = 2
| years6 = 2025
| clubs6 = [[Malappuram FC|Malappuram]]
| caps6 = 3
| goals6 = 1
| years7 = 2025–
| clubs7 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| caps7 = 3
| goals7 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 2021–
| nationalteam1 = [[India national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 8
| nationalgoals1 = 1
| club-update = 13:30, 7 March 2025 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 17:30, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
}}

'''Ishan Pandita''' (born 26 May 1998) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for the [[India national football team|India national team]] and [[Indian Super League]] club [[FC Goa]].

==Club career==
===Early and youth career===
Pandita moved to the Philippines, where he attended British school in [[Manila]] and took football training.<ref name="Ground Report">{{cite web|url=https://groundreport.in/indian-football-striker-ishan-pandita-and-his-connection-with-kashmir/|title=Indian football Striker Ishan Pandita and his connection with Kashmir|date=18 June 2022|access-date=26 November 2022|website=groundreport.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704120337/https://groundreport.in/indian-football-striker-ishan-pandita-and-his-connection-with-kashmir/|archive-date=4 July 2022}}</ref> He returned to Bengaluru at the age of eleven, and then appeared with Student Unions and Bangalore Yellows.<ref name="Ground Report"/> He soon gained recognition in BDCA Division A and C state soccer leagues.<ref name="Ground Report"/> [[IF Brommapojkarna]] spotted Pandita and included in their U17 side after his brilliant performance at the 2013 [[Gothia Cup]] in [[Sweden]].<ref name="Ground Report"/>

Pandita moved to Spain in 2014 at the age of 16 and joined [[Alcobendas CF|Alcobendas Juvenil]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 October 2016|title=18-Year-Old Bengaluru Boy Becomes First Indian to Sign a Contract with Spanish Football League|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/70832/ishan-pandita-la-liga-spanish-league-contract/|access-date=3 February 2021|website=The Better India|language=en-US|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610035958/https://www.thebetterindia.com/70832/ishan-pandita-la-liga-spanish-league-contract/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, he joined the Under-18 team of [[La Liga]] club [[UD Almería|Almería]] but he did not sign a professional contract as he had not turned 18 that time.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Maxin Mathew|date=Oct 5, 2016|title=Ishan Pandita: Ishan becomes first Indian to sign for Spanish La Liga club {{!}} Football News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Ishan-becomes-first-Indian-to-sign-for-Spanish-La-Liga-club/articleshow/54691309.cms|access-date=4 October 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614173110/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Ishan-becomes-first-Indian-to-sign-for-Spanish-La-Liga-club/articleshow/54691309.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 2016, he joined the U-19 team of [[CD Leganés|Leganés]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 October 2020|title=Five things you must know about new FC Goa signing Ishan Pandita|url=https://khelnow.com/football/five-things-must-know-things-fc-goa-ishan-pandita|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721150354/https://khelnow.com/football/five-things-must-know-things-fc-goa-ishan-pandita|archive-date=21 July 2021|access-date=1 December 2020|website=Khelnow}}</ref> He was the first ever Indian footballer to play for a Juvenil side of a Spanish top division club.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 October 2020|title=ISL: Who is Ishan Pandita, FC Goa's exciting new recruit?|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2020/10/09/isl-who-is-ishan-pandita-fc-goas-exciting-new-recruit.html#:~:text=Pandita%20became%20the%20first%20Indian,Spanish%20system%20for%20youth%20players.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202230353/https://www.theweek.in/news/sports/2020/10/09/isl-who-is-ishan-pandita-fc-goas-exciting-new-recruit.html#:~:text=Pandita%20became%20the%20first%20Indian,Spanish%20system%20for%20youth%20players.|archive-date=2 December 2020|access-date=1 December 2020|website=The Week}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FC Goa Players {{!}} Squad List & Player Bios|url=https://fcgoa.in/ishan-pandita/|access-date=2 December 2020|website=fcgoa.in|language=en|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614173116/https://fcgoa.in/ishan-pandita|url-status=live}}</ref> After a spell at Leganes, he signed a short-term contract with the U-23 team of [[Gimnàstic de Tarragona|Gimnàstic]] on 5 January 2019.<ref name="Ground Report"/>

===Pobla Mafumet===
Ishan signed his first senior contract for the farm club of Gimnàstic, [[CF Pobla de Mafumet|Pobla Mafumet]] in early 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kundu|first=Abhishek|date=14 January 2019|title=India's Ishan Pandita joins La Liga II club Gimnastic de Tarragona from CD Leganes|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-striker-ishan-pandita-joins-la-liga-ii-club-gimnastic-de-tarragona-leganes|access-date=3 March 2021|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us|archive-date=13 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113121321/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-striker-ishan-pandita-joins-la-liga-ii-club-gimnastic-de-tarragona-leganes|url-status=live}}</ref> He played only one match for the club throughout his debut season and left the club.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ishan Pandita - Profile and Player Statistics - SoccerPunter|url=https://www.soccerpunter.com/player/35281045/Ishan-Pandita|url-status=live|access-date=3 March 2021|website=www.soccerpunter.com|language=en-US|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614173116/https://www.soccerpunter.com/player/35281045/Ishan-Pandita}}</ref>

===Lorca===
In August 2019, he signed a one-year deal with [[Tercera Division]] Club [[Lorca FC|Lorca]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-former-india-u-17-star-aniket-bharti-signs-orsomarso-sc|title=Former India U-17 star Aniket Bharti signs for Orsomarso SC|date=5 April 2022|first=Soumyadwip|last=Dey|website=sportskeeda.com|publisher=Sportskeeda|access-date=2 December 2022|archive-date=5 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705215408/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-former-india-u-17-star-aniket-bharti-signs-orsomarso-sc}}</ref> He played 26 matches and scored 6 goals and was the top scorer for the club in the [[2019–20 Tercera División|2019–20]] season.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=5 October 2016|title=Ishan Pandita creates history; becomes first Indian footballer to sign La Liga contract|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/ishan-pandita-creates-history-becomes-first-indian-footballer-to-sign-la-liga-contract-3035628.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113061722/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/ishan-pandita-creates-history-becomes-first-indian-footballer-to-sign-la-liga-contract-3035628.html|archive-date=13 November 2020|access-date=1 December 2020|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

===Goa===
Initially he and his family wanted to stay in [[Spain]], but due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19]] situation it was difficult to find a club for him.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FC Goa's Ishan Pandita: I'm ready to compete with anyone {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/indian-football-fc-goa-ishan-pandita-isl-afc-champions/1804wldzfd6f21i2q0a4zzanh6|access-date=8 October 2020|website=www.goal.com|language=en|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014090318/https://www.goal.com/en/news/indian-football-fc-goa-ishan-pandita-isl-afc-champions/1804wldzfd6f21i2q0a4zzanh6|url-status=live}}</ref> In early 2020, rumours spread about Pandita's return to India and it was speculated that he might sign for [[FC Goa|Goa]].<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|author=Marcus Mergulhao|date=Sep 29, 2020|title=Another 'Spanish' addition for FC Goa as Ishan Pandita completes move {{!}} Goa News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/another-spanish-addition-for-fc-goa-as-ishan-pandita-completes-move/articleshow/78371161.cms|access-date=4 October 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614173112/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/another-spanish-addition-for-fc-goa-as-ishan-pandita-completes-move/articleshow/78371161.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=Oct 3, 2020|title=ISL: FC Goa sign forward Ishan Pandita for 2020–21 season {{!}} Football News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/isl-fc-goa-sign-forward-ishan-pandita-for-2020-21-season/articleshow/78462586.cms|access-date=4 October 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614173115/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/isl-fc-goa-sign-forward-ishan-pandita-for-2020-21-season/articleshow/78462586.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2020, the club revealed that it had secured Pandita in their squad.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=FC Goa secures Ishan Pandita signing|url=https://fcgoa.in/media/press/fc-goa-secures-ishan-pandita-signing/|access-date=4 October 2020|website=fcgoa.in|language=en|archive-date=13 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013012941/https://fcgoa.in/media/press/fc-goa-secures-ishan-pandita-signing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FC Goa secures Ishan Pandita signing|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/fc-goa-secures-ishan-pandita-signing|access-date=5 October 2020|website=Indian Super League|language=en|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614173122/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/fc-goa-secures-ishan-pandita-signing|url-status=live}}</ref> He made his debut for FC Goa on 30 November 2020 against [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] at 89th minute of that match as a substitute.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 October 2020|title=New kid Ishan Pandita ready to show Goa, ISL what the fuss is all about|url=https://www.espn.in/football/fc-goa/story/4203098/new-kid-ishan-pandita-ready-to-show-goa-and-isl-what-the-fuss-is-all-about|access-date=3 February 2021|website=ESPN|language=en|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012002024/https://www.espn.in/football/fc-goa/story/4203098/new-kid-ishan-pandita-ready-to-show-goa-and-isl-what-the-fuss-is-all-about|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Goa vs. NorthEast United – 30 November 2020 – Soccerway|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/11/30/india/indian-super-league/india-fc-goa/northeast-united/3418556/|access-date=30 November 2020|website=int.soccerway.com|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703020739/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/11/30/india/indian-super-league/india-fc-goa/northeast-united/3418556/|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored his debut goal for FC Goa against [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] on 30 December 2020. He came as a substitute on 86th minute and scored with his first touch on the 87th minute as FC Goa equalised the game.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2020–21 HIGHLIGHTS, Hyderabad FC vs FC Goa: Late Angulo, Pandita Goals Hand Goa 2–1 win Against Hyderabad|url=https://www.news18.com/news/football-isl/isl-2020-21-live-score-hyderabad-fc-vs-fc-goa-indian-super-league-7-football-latest-updates-3229979.html|access-date=2 January 2021|website=News18|date=30 December 2020 |language=en|archive-date=31 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231020716/https://www.news18.com/news/football-isl/isl-2020-21-live-score-hyderabad-fc-vs-fc-goa-indian-super-league-7-football-latest-updates-3229979.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

He has also represented FC Goa at the [[2021 AFC Champions League]], in which they achieved third place in group stages.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FC Goa announce squad for AFC Champions League: Ishan Pandita, Saviour Gama in as Igor Angulo misses out|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2021/apr/08/fc-goa-announce-squad-for-afc-champions-leagueishan-panditasaviour-gama-in-as-igor-angulo-misses-2287556.html|access-date=2 August 2021|website=The New Indian Express|date=8 April 2021 |archive-date=2 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802174628/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2021/apr/08/fc-goa-announce-squad-for-afc-champions-leagueishan-panditasaviour-gama-in-as-igor-angulo-misses-2287556.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Jamshedpur===
On 2 September 2021, it was announced that Pandita was signed by [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]] on a two-year deal for a fee reported around {{INR}}6 Million, ahead of the [[2021–22 Indian Super League]] season.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sportstar|first=Team|title=ISL 2021-22: Jamshedpur FC signs Ishan Pandita from FC Goa|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/isl-2021-22-jamshedpur-fc-signs-ishan-pandita-from-fc-goa-indian-super-league-news/article36247002.ece|access-date=2 September 2021|website=Sportstar|date=2 September 2021 |language=en|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902104657/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/isl-2021-22-jamshedpur-fc-signs-ishan-pandita-from-fc-goa-indian-super-league-news/article36247002.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored his first goal for the club in their 3–2 win against [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] on 6 January 2022.

===Kerala Blasters===
On 10 August 2023, [[Kerala Blasters]] announced the signing of Pandita on a two-year deal with an option to extend for one more year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-10 |title=Ishan Pandita signs two-year deal with Kerala Blasters |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/ishan-pandita-signs-for-kerala-blasters-two-year-deal-kbfc-isl-transfer-news/article67179602.ece |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810231436/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/ishan-pandita-signs-for-kerala-blasters-two-year-deal-kbfc-isl-transfer-news/article67179602.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He made his debut for the club on 18 August, by coming as a substitute in the 60th minute in a match against [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC reserves]] during the [[2023 Durand Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-18 |title=Bengaluru FC 2-2 Kerala Blasters Highlights: 10-man KBFC draws Souther derby, gets eliminated from Durand Cup |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/bengaluru-fc-vs-kerala-blasters-live-score-bfc-v-kbfc-updates-streaming-goals-durand-cup-2023-highlights/article67209048.ece |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> On 21 October, Pandita made his debut for the club in the Indian Super League against [[NorthEast United FC]] at home, by coming as a substitute in the 78th minute which ended in 1–1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-10-21 |title=Kerala Blasters vs NorthEast United FC highlights, KBFC 1-1 NEUFC, ISL 2023-24: Nestor, Danish on the scoresheet as both teams share spoils |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/kerala-blasters-vs-northeast-united-fc-live-score-isl-2023-24-kbfc-v-neufc-updates-streaming-goals-highlights/article67445890.ece |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

Despite not scoring a single goal for the Blasters during his debut season, Pandita opened his account in the Blasters' first competitive match of the [[2024–25 Kerala Blasters FC season|2024–25 season]] against [[Mumbai City FC]] on 1 August 2024 in the [[2024 Durand Cup|Durand Cup]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Amitabha Das |date=2024-08-01 |title=Durand Cup: Kerala Blasters drown Mumbai City in a glut of goals |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/durand-cup-kerala-blasters-drown-mumbai-city-in-a-glut-of-goals/article68474397.ece |access-date=2024-08-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He came on as a substitute in the second half, replacing hat-trick scorer [[Kwame Peprah]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-01 |title=Durand Cup 2024: Kerala Blasters FC seal an emphatic 8-0 win over Mumbai City FC |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/durand-cup-2024-kerala-blasters-fc-seal-an-emphatic-8-0-win-overmumbaicityfc |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=www.indiansuperleague.com |language=en}}</ref> Pandita then completed a brace in quick succession, scoring in the 86th and 87th minutes, as the Blasters secured a record-breaking 8–0 victory in the [[2024 Durand Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-08-01 |title=Mumbai City vs Kerala Blasters highlights, Durand Cup 2024: MCFC 0-8 KBFC; Noah, Peprah score hattricks in Blasters’ biggest win ever |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/mumbai-city-vs-kerala-blasters-live-score-updates-mcfc-v-kbfc-durand-cup-2024-goals-stream-highlights-news/article68472857.ece |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

==International career==
Pandita's performances in his debut season in the ISL were noticed, and subsequently he earned a call-up to the [[India national football team|India national team]] in March 2021, ahead of India's friendlies against [[Oman national football team|Oman]] and [[UAE national football team|UAE]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Football: Bipin Singh, Ishan Pandita in 35-man probables list for Oman, UAE friendlies |url=https://scroll.in/field/988334/india-football-stimac-names-10-new-players-in-35-man-probables-list-for-oman-uae-friendlies |access-date=2 March 2021 |work=Scroll |date=2 March 2021 |archive-date=21 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121233910/https://scroll.in/field/988334/india-football-stimac-names-10-new-players-in-35-man-probables-list-for-oman-uae-friendlies }}</ref> On 25 March, he made his debut in 1–1 draw against [[Oman national football team|Oman]]. Ishan scored for India during a practice game against [[I-League|I-League All-Stars]] on 18 May 2022 in Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://footballmonk.com/indian-football-team-comfortably-defeats-i-league-xi|title=Indian Football team comfortably defeats I-League XI|website=footballmonk.com|publisher=Football Monk|date=18 May 2022|access-date=17 April 2023|archive-date=17 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417152849/https://footballmonk.com/indian-football-team-comfortably-defeats-i-league-xi}}</ref> He scored his first international goal on 14 June against [[Hong Kong national football team|Hong Kong]] in their 4–0 win at the [[2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification]].

In September, he participated at the [[2022 VFF Tri-Nations Series]] in Vietnam, where India finished as runners-up. He appeared in India's second match in group stage, against [[Uzbekistan national football team|Uzbekistan]] at the [[2023 AFC Asian Cup]] on 18 January 2024, in their 3–0 defeat.

== Personal life ==
Ishan Pandita was born on 26 May 1998 in [[Delhi]] to a family originating in [[Tral]], Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FC Goa signs forward Ishan Pandita|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2020/oct/03/fc-goasigns-forward-ishan-pandita-2205360.html|access-date=4 October 2020|website=The New Indian Express|date=3 October 2020 |archive-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006133208/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2020/oct/03/fc-goasigns-forward-ishan-pandita-2205360.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=14 January 2018|title=From Kashmir to Madrid: The Story of Ishan Pandita|url=https://kashmirlife.net/from-kashmir-to-madrid-the-story-of-ishan-pandita-161987/|access-date=4 October 2020|website=Kashmir Life|language=en-GB|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007182145/https://kashmirlife.net/from-kashmir-to-madrid-the-story-of-ishan-pandita-161987/|url-status=live}}</ref> He then moved to [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]],<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 October 2020|title=Delhi-born, Manila-bred, Madrid trained: Ishan Pandita tipped to be the future of Indian football|language=en-US|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/ishan-pandita-tipped-to-be-the-future-of-indian-football-6718862/|access-date=3 February 2021|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614173119/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/ishan-pandita-tipped-to-be-the-future-of-indian-football-6718862/|url-status=live}}</ref> but stayed there not longer and moved to Spain as he desired to play better football there.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL: FC Goa Announce Signing of 22-year-old Forward Ishan Pandita|url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/isl-fc-goa-announce-signing-of-22-year-old-forward-ishan-pandita-2930407.html|access-date=4 October 2020|website=News18|date=3 October 2020 |archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003092953/https://www.news18.com/news/sports/isl-fc-goa-announce-signing-of-22-year-old-forward-ishan-pandita-2930407.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After spending a term of six years in various lower division Spanish clubs, he returned to India and signed for Goa.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=Oct 3, 2020|title=ISL: FC Goa sign forward Ishan Pandita for 2020–21 season {{!}} Football News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/isl-fc-goa-sign-forward-ishaan-pandita-for-2020-21-season/articleshow/78462586.cms|access-date=4 October 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614173123/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/isl-fc-goa-sign-forward-ishan-pandita-for-2020-21-season/articleshow/78462586.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{Updated|7 March 2025}}<ref>{{soccerway|ishan-pandita/610206}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable nowrap" style="text-align:center"
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[CF Pobla de Mafumet|Pobla Mafumet]]
|[[2018–19 Tercera División|2018–19]]
|[[Tercera División]]
|1||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||1||0
|-
|[[Lorca FC|Lorca]]
|[[2019–20 Tercera División|2019–20]]
|Tercera División
|23||4||2||1|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||25||5
|-
|[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|[[2020–21 FC Goa season|2020–21]]
|[[Indian Super League]]
|11||4||0||0||6{{efn|name=statsAFCCL|Appearance(s) in [[AFC Champions League]]}}||0|| colspan="2" |–||17||4
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|[[2021–22 Jamshedpur FC season|2021–22]]
|Indian Super League
|17||3||0||0|| colspan="2" |–|| colspan="2" |–||17||3
|-
|[[2022–23 Jamshedpur FC season|2022–23]]
|Indian Super League
|17||2||2{{efn|name=SuperCup|Appearance(s) in [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}||1|| colspan="2" |–||1{{efn|name=QAFCCL|Appearance(s) in [[Indian club qualifiers for 2023–24 AFC competitions#Qualification for the AFC Champions League group stage|play-offs for AFC Champions League]]}}||0||20||3
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!34!!5!!2!!1!!0!!0!!1!!0!!37!!6
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|[[2023–24 Kerala Blasters FC season|2023–24]]
|Indian Super League
|15||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||2{{efn|name=DurandCup|Appearance(s) in [[Durand Cup]]}}||0||17||0
|-
|[[2024–25 Kerala Blasters FC season|2024–25]]
|Indian Super League
|3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||1{{efn|name=DurandCup}}||2||4||2
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!18!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!3!!2!!21!!2
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!87!!13!!4!!2!!6!!0!!4!!2!!101!!17
|}
{{notelist}}

===International===
{{updated|21 February 2024}}<ref>{{NFT player|id=82022|name=Ishan Pandita|access-date=11 June 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[India national football team|India]]
|2021||2||0
|-
|2022||4||1
|-
|2023||1||0
|-
|2024||1||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total!!8!!1
|}

====International goals====
:''Scores and results list India's goal tally first''

{| class="wikitable"
! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Cap !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition !! Ref.
|-
| align=center | 1. || 14 June 2022 || [[Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan|Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]], India || align=center | 4 || {{fb|HKG}} || align=center | '''4'''–0 || align=center | 4–0 || [[2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|2023 AFC Asian Cup qualification]] || <ref name="IND–HKG">{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/06/14/asia/asian-cup-qualification/india/hong-kong/3757742/|title=India 4–0 Hong Kong|website=int.Soccerway.com|date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326224608/https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2022/06/14/asia/asian-cup-qualification/india/hong-kong/3757742/|archive-date=26 March 2023|access-date=26 November 2023}}</ref>
|}

==Honours==

'''Jamshedpur'''
*[[Indian Super League]] Shield: [[2021–22 Indian Super League|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Jamshedpur FC clinch League Winners' Shield after beating ATK Mohun Bagan|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/jamshedpur-fc-clinch-league-winners-shield-after-beating-atk-mohun-bagan|publisher=Indian Super League|access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307173759/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/jamshedpur-fc-clinch-league-winners-shield-after-beating-atk-mohun-bagan|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISL 2021–22: Jamshedpur win the League Winners Shield {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2021-22-jamshedpur-win-the-league-winners-shield/blt38f42850439cbb5f |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=goal.com |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307170001/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2021-22-jamshedpur-win-the-league-winners-shield/blt38f42850439cbb5f |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Indian expatriate footballers]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Association football}}
*{{Twitter|_ishanpandita_}}
*{{GSA player|ishan-pandita/434630}}
*[https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/forward-142365-ishan-pandita-profile Ishan Pandita] at [[Indian Super League]]

{{India squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandita, Ishan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:CF Pobla de Mafumet footballers]]
[[Category:Tercera División players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:Lorca FC players]]
[[Category:FC Goa players]]
[[Category:Jamshedpur FC players]]
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC players]]
[[Category:Malappuram FC players]]
[[Category:Super League Kerala players]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in Spain]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Spain]]
[[Category:2023 AFC Asian Cup players]]

Kaagaz Ke Phool

2026-03-04T04:04:02Z

Rudratree: General improvements to article content

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kaagaz Ke Phool
| image = Kaagaz Ke Phool59.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Guru Dutt]]
| producer =
| screenplay = [[Abrar Alvi]]
| starring =[[Guru Dutt]] [[Waheeda Rehman]] [[Kumari Naaz]] [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]] [[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]]
| music = [[S. D. Burman]]
| cinematography = [[V. K. Murthy]]
| editing = Y. G. Chawhan
| studio = [[Guru Dutt Films]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1959|01|02}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Kaagaz Ke Phool''''' ({{Translation|''Paper Flowers''}}){{efn|The implied meaning is that all happiness in this life [Flowers] is fake [Paper], although it might appear real. The protagonist of this film [a character played by [[Guru Dutt]]] had at one point in time, all the happiness this world had to offer him. However, it was only due to his success. Once he failed to deliver success, people gradually moved away from him [a situation, very poignantly described by [[Kaifi Azmi]] in another of his songs from the same film ''[[Bichde Sabhi Bari Bari]]'' (Every one moved away from me gradually) and also by extremely sobering thought ''Matlab ki duniya hai saari'' (the whole world only needs favors from you; once you are unable to deliver that, they will silently move away). The philosophical message that this film appeared to deliver was this - Don't be arrogant, when you are successful; a time will inevitably come, when this success will disappear. Thus all your success and happiness is fake or paper flowers}} is a 1959 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic drama film]] produced and directed by [[Guru Dutt]], who also played the lead role in the film along with [[Waheeda Rehman]]. It is the first Indian film in [[CinemaScope]] and the last film officially directed by Dutt.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Sood|first=Samira|date=2020-05-16|title=Kaagaz Ke Phool is Guru Dutt's masterclass in filmmaking and heartbreak|url=https://theprint.in/features/kaagaz-ke-phool-is-guru-dutts-masterclass-in-filmmaking-and-heartbreak/421852/|access-date=2021-04-16|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419050247/https://theprint.in/features/kaagaz-ke-phool-is-guru-dutts-masterclass-in-filmmaking-and-heartbreak/421852/|url-status=live}}</ref> It marked a technical revolution in Indian [[cinematography]] and is widely considered to be ahead of its time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Kaagaz-ke-Phool-1959/article15391096.ece|title=Kaagaz ke Phool 1959|newspaper=The Hindu|date=11 October 2008|via=www.thehindu.com|archive-date=16 December 2024|access-date=28 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216091710/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Kaagaz-ke-Phool-1959/article15391096.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

The film was a [[box office bomb]] in its time owing to its theme which the masses could not identify with, but was later resurrected as a [[Cult following|cult classic]] in the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-18|title=Kaagaz ke Phool: 59 years later|url=https://indianculturalforum.in/2018/07/18/kaagaz-ke-phool-59-years-later-guru-dutt/|access-date=2021-04-17|website=Indian Cultural Forum|language=en-US|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417153004/https://indianculturalforum.in/2018/07/18/kaagaz-ke-phool-59-years-later-guru-dutt/|url-status=live}}</ref> Its failure, both critically and commercially, severely impacted Guru Dutt and brought his [[Guru Dutt Films|studio]] on the verge of ruins. Dutt never officially directed a film after this.<ref name="Usman">{{Cite book|last=Usman|first=Yasser|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W_sKEAAAQBAJ&q=Kaagaz+Ke+Phool+SD+Burman+this+is+just+your+story&pg=PT143|title=Guru Dutt: An Unfinished Story: An Unfinished Story|date=2021-01-07|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-93-86797-89-6|language=en}}</ref> The film's music was composed by [[S. D. Burman]] and the lyrics were written by [[Kaifi Azmi]] and [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]] (for one song ''"''Hum Tum Jise Kehta Hai''"''). Today ''Kaagaz ke Phool'' is a part of syllabi in many [[film school]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=100 Filmfare Days: Day 25 - Kaagaz Ke Phool|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/100-filmfare-days-day-25-kaagaz-ke-phool-6152.html|access-date=2021-04-17|website=filmfare.com|language=en|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417172333/https://www.filmfare.com/features/100-filmfare-days-day-25-kaagaz-ke-phool-6152.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered to be the finest [[self-reflexive]] film to have ever been made in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chatterji|first=Shoma A.|title=60 years of Kaagaz Ke Phool: The most outstanding self-reflexive film of Indian cinema|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2019/jan/2/17790/60-years-of-kaagaz-ke-phool-the-most-outstanding-self-reflexive-film-of-indian-cinema|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417174525/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2019/jan/2/17790/60-years-of-kaagaz-ke-phool-the-most-outstanding-self-reflexive-film-of-indian-cinema|url-status=live|archive-date=17 April 2021|access-date=2021-04-17|website=www.cinestaan.com}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The film tells, in flashback, the story of Suresh Sinha, a famous film director. His marriage to Veena is on the rocks, due to her wealthy family seeing filmmaking, as a job, lacking in social status. He is also denied access to his daughter, Pammi, who is sent to a private boarding school, in [[Dehradun]].

On a rainy night, Sinha meets a woman, Shanti, and gives her his coat. She comes to the film studio to return the coat, unintentionally disrupting the shooting, by walking in front of the camera. While reviewing the [[Dailies|rushes]], Sinha recognises her potential as a star and casts her as Paro, in ''[[Devdas]]''. Shanti goes on to become a rage and an acclaimed star. Shanti and Suresh, two lonely people, come together. Their liaison is hotly debated in gossip columns and results in Pammi's friends tormenting her, in school. Pammi pleads with Shanti to leave Sinha's life and allow her parents' marriage another chance. Moved by Pammi's plea, Shanti throws away her career and becomes a school teacher in a small village.

Pammi decides to live with her father, who fights his in-laws in court, but loses custody of Pammi to Veena, who is now his ex-wife. Losing custody of Pammi, along with Shanti's departure from films, drives Suresh to alcohol. This marks the beginning of his downfall, both personally and professionally, in his career and consequent decline in his fortunes. Meanwhile, Shanti is forced to return to films since she has a contract with the studio. Her producer agrees to hire Suresh because of Shanti, but Suresh's self-respect will not let him return and owe his job to Shanti's star status; so she is unable to help him, as he is too far gone for redemption. In the final scene, remembering his glorious past, he dies in the director's chair in an empty film studio, a lonely and forgotten man.

==Cast==
* [[Guru Dutt]] as Suresh Sinha
* [[Waheeda Rehman]] as Shanti
* [[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]] as Rakesh "Rocky" Verma (Veena's brother)
* [[Veena (actress)|Veena]] as Veena Verma Sinha (Suresh Sinha's Wife)
* [[Baby Naaz]] as Pramila Sinha "Pammi" (Suresh Sinha's Daughter)
* [[Mahesh Kaul]] as Rai Bahadur B. P. Verma (Rocky & Veena's Father)
* [[Prathima Devi (Kannada actress)|Pratima Devi]] as Mrs. Verma (Rocky & Veena's Mother)
* [[Minoo Mumtaz]] as Dr. Juliet Singh
* [[Ruby Myers]] as Sulochna Devi
* [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]]
* [[Mohan Choti]]
* [[Tun Tun]] as Telephone operator

==Production==
The film is widely considered to be an [[autobiographical]] reflection of Guru Dutt's personality, his deepening disillusionment with the film industry and the nature of fame it brings, and on the widely written-about alleged relationship between Dutt and his protégé, Waheeda Rehman. Dutt was married to singer [[Geeta Dutt|Geeta Roy Chowdhuri]] (later Geeta Dutt) at the time, and his heavy drinking and the rumours of his passionate romance with Rehman didn't help. Others believe it to be a homage to [[Gyan Mukherjee]] (known for directing [[Kismet (1943 film)|''Kismet'']]), whom Guru Dutt had joined in 1950. Waheeda Rehman has denied that the story was based on Dutt's own life augmenting that Dutt had never tasted failure as all his films were successful at the time of film's production unlike the protagonist who suffered failure.<ref name="Miguel2012">{{cite book|author=Helio San Miguel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0_v3jr6TCAC&pg=PA22|title=World Film Locations: Mumbai|date=2012|publisher=Intellect Books|isbn=978-1-84150-632-6|pages=22}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

[[V. K. Murthy]], a frequent collaborator of Dutt, served as the [[cinematographer]] and won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography|Filmfare Best Cinematographer Award]] for his work in the film. [[M. R. Acharekar]] was the [[art director]] and went on to receive the [[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction]]. [[Bhanu Athaiya]], who would later receive an [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Academy Award]] for [[Gandhi (film)|''Gandhi'']] (1982), handled the [[costume design]]. Ramnord Research Labs, headed by S. V. Rau, did the final [[film processing]].

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kaagaz Ke Phool
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[S. D. Burman]]
| released = {{start date|1959|01|02}}
| genre = [[Filmi]], [[Music of Bollywood|Bollywood]]
| length = {{duration||33|18}}
| label = [[Saregama]]
}}
The music of the movie was composed by [[S. D. Burman]]. He had warned him not to make ''Kaagaz Ke Phool'', which resembled his own life. When Guru Dutt insisted on making the film, Burman said that that it would be his last film with Guru Dutt.<ref name="Usman"/>

The song ''Waqt Ne Kiya Kya Haseen Sitam'' became an evergreen hit and one of the most loved [[Music of Bollywood|Hindi-film songs]] of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-08-31|title=Top 32: Most loved Bollywood songs of all time|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/top-32-most-loved-bollywood-songs-of-all-time/story-Oy5PxR4xslOx82xB6cmVkI.html|access-date=2021-04-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413125932/https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/top-32-most-loved-bollywood-songs-of-all-time/story-Oy5PxR4xslOx82xB6cmVkI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2006, it was ranked ''#3'' in the "20 Best Hindi Film Songs Ever" poll of 30 leading music composers, singers, and lyricists.<ref>{{Cite web|title=20 Best Hindi Film Songs Ever {{!}} Outlook India Magazine|url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/20-best-hindi-film-songs-ever/231648|access-date=2021-04-17|website=Outlook India}}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Apart from the song's composition and lyrics, it is also considered one of the best photographed songs of all time. The light-beam effect was produced using two large mirrors and natural sunlight.<ref name="Usman" />

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Title Music
| extra1 = -
| lyrics1 = -
| length1 = 2:02
| title2 = Dekhi Zamane Ki Yaari (Raga Des)
| extra2 = [[Mohammed Rafi]]
| lyrics2 = [[Kaifi Azmi]]
| length2 = 9:00
| title3 = San San San Woh Chali Hawa
| extra3 = [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
| lyrics3 = [[Kaifi Azmi]]
| length3 = 4:13
| title4 = Ud Ja Ud Ja Pyaase Bhaware
| extra4 = [[Mohammed Rafi]]
| lyrics4 = [[Kaifi Azmi]]
| length4 = 3:21
| title5 = Hum Tum Jise Kahta Hai
| extra5 = [[Mohammed Rafi]]
| lyrics5 = [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]]
| length5 = 4:13
| title6 = Ek Do Teen Char Aur Paanch
| extra6 = [[Geeta Dutt]]
| lyrics6 = [[Kaifi Azmi]]
| length6 = 3:24
| title7 = Ulte Seedhe Dao Lagaye
| extra7 = [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
| lyrics7 = [[Kaifi Azmi]]
| length7 = 3:31
| title8 = Waqt Ne Kiya Kya Haseen Sitam
| extra8 = [[Geeta Dutt]]
| lyrics8 = [[Kaifi Azmi]]
| length8 = 3:31
| all_music = [[S. D. Burman]]
| total_length = 33:18
| all_writing =
}}

== Release and reception ==
The commercial and critical failure of ''Kaagaz Ke Phool'' was an intense disappointment for Guru Dutt. He had invested a great deal of love, money, and energy in this film. All subsequent films from his studio were, thereafter, officially helmed by other directors since Guru Dutt felt that his name is anathema to box office.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-07-09|title=Guru Dutt: Remembering a genius|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/guru-dutt-remembering-a-genius/story-qAv6dxRGSSoEaFtwoQKMxI.html|access-date=2021-04-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

In the writing of Sathya Saran's book ''[[Ten Years with Guru Dutt|Ten Years with Guru Dutt: Abrar Alvi’s Journey]]'', [[Abrar Alvi]], who wrote the screenplay and dialogues of ''Kaagaz Ke Phool'', told ''Saran'' that he believed the masses just couldn't identify with Suresh's trauma over his personal heartbreak and his lack of professional creative freedom, given that he was reasonably well off and he still had a job, while they struggled to put two meals on their table. He believed viewers couldn't feel for what they saw as the self-indulgent angst of a privileged man.<ref name=":0" />

=== Home video ===
{{Main|In Search of Guru Dutt}}
[[Yash Raj Films]] released a commemorative DVD of the movie. Included in the special features is a three-part documentary produced by [[Channel 4]] in the [[United Kingdom]] on the life and works of Guru Dutt, ''[[In Search of Guru Dutt]]''. His close associates and some of his family members remember him, his life and work. There is also a tribute to Geeta Dutt by [[Lata Mangeshkar]], in which she sings "Waqt Ne Kiya Kya Haseen Sitam".<ref>{{cite web|date=12 July 2011|title=Documentary on Guru Dutt released on DVD|url=http://dearcinema.com/news/documentary-on-guru-dutt-released-on-dvd/3720|publisher=DearCinema|access-date=25 August 2021|archive-date=13 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713221439/http://dearcinema.com/news/documentary-on-guru-dutt-released-on-dvd/3720|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
In the 2002 ''[[Sight & Sound]]'' critics and directors' poll, ''Kaagaz Ke Phool'' was ranked #160 in the list of [[List of films considered the best|greatest films of all time]].<ref>{{cite web|year=2002|title=2002 Sight & Sound Top Films Survey of 253 International Critics & Film Directors|url=http://www.cinemacom.com/2002-sight-sound.html|access-date=2009-04-19|publisher=Cinemacom|archive-date=4 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604162906/http://www.cinemacom.com/2002-sight-sound.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was listed in [[British Film Institute]]'s Top 20 Indian Films in 2002 at #11;<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-05-15|title=BFI {{!}} Features {{!}} Top 20 Indian Films|url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/imagineasia/guide/poll/india/|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515101729/http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/imagineasia/guide/poll/india/|archive-date=15 May 2011}}</ref> [[NDTV]]'s listed it in "India's 20 greatest films", citing, "''Kaagaz Ke Phool'', Guru Dutt's most melancholic film ever, takes his deepening disillusionment with the world and its guardians to a new level of despair. The iconic actor-director plays a filmmaker on the skids. He is unable to get his point of view across to the people who matter and life is a constant struggle, both personally and professionally. The masses failed to connect with the film, but Kaagaz Ke Phool has lived longer than many money-spinners of the golden era of Hindi cinema''."''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-21|title=India's 20 greatest films » NDTV Movies|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/PhotoDetail.aspx?Page=14&ID=1124#talk|access-date=2021-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221192614/http://movies.ndtv.com/PhotoDetail.aspx?Page=14&ID=1124#talk|archive-date=21 February 2012}}</ref> It was listed in [[CNN- IBN|CNN-IBN]]'s 100 Greatest Indian Films of all time in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time|url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/100-years-of-indian-cinema-the-100-greatest-indian-films-of-all-time-903065.html|access-date=2021-08-25|website=[[News18]]|language=en|archive-date=13 August 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190813155555/https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/100-years-of-indian-cinema-the-100-greatest-indian-films-of-all-time-903065-1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was ranked #6 in [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook Magazine]]'s poll of the 25 leading Indian directors for Hindi cinema's best films in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|title=6. Kaagaz Ke Phool -1959 {{!}} Outlook India Magazine|url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/6-kaagaz-ke-phool-1959/220096|access-date=2021-04-17|website=Outlook (India)|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417153006/https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/6-kaagaz-ke-phool-1959/220096|url-status=live}}</ref> It was also listed in [[Time Out (magazine)|Time-Out]]'s "The 100 Best Bollywood Movies" in 2015 at #14.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Best Bollywood movies|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/film/the-100-best-bollywood-movies-the-list|access-date=2021-04-17|website=Time Out London|language=en|archive-date=17 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817075703/https://www.timeout.com/london/film/the-100-best-bollywood-movies-the-list|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Kaagaz Ke Phool''{{'s}} screenplay was published in 2014 as a book as ''[[Kaagaz Ke Phool: The Original Screenplay]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thebookreviewindia.org/reversing-cinematic-translation/ |title=Reversing cinematic translation |date=February 2015 |work=The Book Review |volume=39 |issue=2 |last=Dayal |first=Radha |access-date=10 September 2021 |journal= |archive-date=10 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910033702/https://www.thebookreviewindia.org/reversing-cinematic-translation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, [[British Film Institute]] named ''Kaagaz Ke Phool'' as the Best Musical of 1959, citing, “if proof were needed that Guru Dutt was no one-hit-wonder, it's right here.”<ref>{{Cite web|title=The best musical of every year – from the dawn of sound to the rise of the jukebox musical|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/lists/best-musical-every-year|access-date=2021-04-17|website=BFI|date=17 October 2019|language=en|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417154505/https://www.bfi.org.uk/lists/best-musical-every-year|url-status=live}}</ref> It was ranked first in The Cinemaholic's list of "Best Hindi Cult Films that were Flops", citing, “The last film officially directed by the legendary Guru Dutt. Often regarded as one of the greatest film ever made, the failure of Kaagaz Ke Phool severely impacted Guru Dutt''.”''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shah|first=Aarya|date=2017-10-18|title=15 Best Bollywood Cult Movies That Were Actually Flops|url=https://thecinemaholic.com/bollywood-hindi-cult-movies-flops/|access-date=2021-04-17|website=The Cinemaholic|language=en-US|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417153009/https://thecinemaholic.com/bollywood-hindi-cult-movies-flops/|url-status=live}}</ref> In an article regarding the film, the [[University of Iowa|University of IOWA]], summed up, ''“''Flaws and all, ''Kagaz Ke Phool'' deserves to rank—with [[Federico Fellini|Fellini's]] [[8½]]—among the all-time great films about filmmaking and life''.”''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kaagaz ke phool {{!}} Indian Cinema - The University of Iowa|url=https://indiancinema.sites.uiowa.edu/kaagaz-ke-phool|access-date=2021-04-17|website=indiancinema.sites.uiowa.edu|language=en|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417172333/https://indiancinema.sites.uiowa.edu/kaagaz-ke-phool|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Kaagaz Ke Phool'' significantly serves the plot of 2022 film [[Chup: Revenge of the Artist]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sunny Deol, Dulquer Salmaan ask you to review psychopath thriller 'Chup' trailer; it's an ode to Guru Dutt, his 'Kaagaz Ke Phool'|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/sunny-deol-dulquer-salmaan-ask-you-to-review-psychopath-thriller-chup-trailer-its-an-ode-to-guru-dutt-his-kaagaz-ke-phool-428822|access-date=2022-09-06|archive-date=6 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220906212645/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/sunny-deol-dulquer-salmaan-ask-you-to-review-psychopath-thriller-chup-trailer-its-an-ode-to-guru-dutt-his-kaagaz-ke-phool-428822|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Awards ==
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography|Filmfare Best Cinematographer Award]] – [[V. K. Murthy]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction|Filmfare Best Art Direction Award]] – [[M. R. Acharekar]]{{cn|date=January 2025}}

==Footnotes==
{{notelist|1}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0052954|Kaagaz Ke Phool}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UiXeDqpz1s ''Waqt Ne Kiya'' – Geeta Dutt]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AV6NciXmG64 Opening sequence of Guru Dutt's film Kaagaz Ke Phool, Paper Flowers, 1959]
* [http://www.letstalkaboutbollywood.com/article-kaagaz-ke-phool-guru-dutt-s-creative-laser-beam-65830516.html In-depth analysis of the film at LetstalkaboutBollywood!]

[[Category:1959 films]]
[[Category:1959 drama films]]
[[Category:1959 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Guru Dutt]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Abrar Alvi]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. D. Burman]]
[[Category:Films about film directors and producers]]
[[Category:Films about actors]]
[[Category:Films about Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Films about filmmaking]]
[[Category:Films about films]]
[[Category:Films about cinematography]]
[[Category:Films about screenwriters]]
[[Category:Films set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:Films set in studio lots]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films set in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films set in Dehradun]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Self-reflexive films]]
[[Category:Films à clef]]

Johny Johny Yes Appa

2026-03-03T20:31:59Z

Rudratree: Content refined and expanded

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Johny Johny Yes Appa
| image = Johny_Johny_Yes_Appa.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[G. Marthandan]]
| producer = Vaishak Rajan
| writer = Joji Thomas
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Kunchacko Boban]]
*[[Sanoop Santhosh]]
*[[Anu Sithara]]
*[[Mamta Mohandas]]}}
| music = [[Shaan Rahman]]
| cinematography = Vinod Illampally
| editing = Lijo Paul
| studio = Vaishaka Cynyma
| distributor = Vaishaka Cynyma
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2018|10|26|}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Johny Johny Yes Appa''''' ({{Translation|[[Johnny Johnny Yes Papa]]}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Malayalam-language]] [[family]] [[comedy]] [[film]] directed by [[G. Marthandan]], produced by Vaishak Rajan and written by Joji Thomas (debutant writer of ''[[Vellimoonga]]''). It stars [[Kunchacko Boban]] and [[Sanoop Santhosh]].<ref name="cinemaexpress">{{cite web |title=Kunchacko Boban's Johny Johny Yes Appa certified U |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/oct/24/kunchacko-bobans-johny-johny-yes-appa-certified-u-to-release-on-friday-8470.html |website=cinema express|date=24 October 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kunchacko Boban to team up with Marthandan for 'Johny Johny Yes Appa!' |url=https://article.wn.com/view/2018/05/25/Kunchacko_Boban_to_team_up_with_Marthandan_for_Johny_Johny_Y/ |website=article}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=johny-johny-yes-appa-movie-review |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-reviews/2018/10/26/johny-johny-yes-appa-movie-review.html# |publisher=manorama}}</ref> The film released with a mixed reports.

== Plot ==
The story is about Johnny who pretends to be a gentleman but is a thief who thrives on lies and betrayals. When he was young, he started small by stealing a rupee from his father, Karian, a teacher, and blaming his elder brother, Peter, for childhood mischief. Karian, his mother, Gracy, and neighbors consider him a virtuous youngster. He manages to expel Peter from the family and blames his younger brother, Philip, for his misdeeds. But Philip supports and trusts Peter. Johnny is in love with Jaisa, the daughter of a wealthy businessman, Chavaramplakal Jose, who tries his best to keep them apart.

His life changes when a teenage boy, Adam alias Adithyan, enters his life while he is performing a stealth. Adam blackmails Johnny and starts living with his family. Adam reveals his back story where he was brought up in an orphanage. He falls in love with Nandana, a teenage girl who insults him since he has no address. He sets on a mission to get an address for himself and meet his mother Amala, with Johnny's help.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Kunchacko Boban]] as Johny Karian
*[[Sanoop Santhosh]] as Adam/Adithyan
*[[Anu Sithara]] as Jaisa, Johny's girlfriend
*[[Mamta Mohandas]] as Amala Jayakumar, Adam's mother
*[[Tini Tom]] as Peter Karian, Johny's elder brother
*[[Sharafudheen]] as Philip Karian, Johny's younger brother
*[[Vijayaraghavan]] as Karian, Johny's father
*Veena Nair as Archana, Peter's wife
*[[Lena (actress)|Lena]] as Jail Superintendent Sujatha, Nandana's mother
*[[Nedumudi Venu]] as Advocate Louis
*[[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] as Gracy Karian, Johny's mother
*[[Anikha]] as Nandana, Adam's girlfriend
*[[Nirmal Palazhi]] as Postman
*[[Kalabhavan Shajohn]] as Chavaramplakal Jose, Jaisa's father
*[[Bindu Aneesh]] as Nancy, Jaisa's mother
*[[Prasanth Alexander]] as Fr. Vincent
*[[Abu Salim (actor)|Abu Salim]] as Seban
*[[Meghanathan|Meghanadhan]] as Constable Chandrappan
*[[Rayjan Rajan]] as Jayakumar, Amala's husband and Adam's father
*Jaise Jose
*[[Nishanth Sagar]] as Police Officer Sathyan
*[[Shobha Mohan]] as Sister
*Anjana Appukuttan
*Anitha Dileep
*Manju Satheesh as Assistant Jail Superintendent Anupama James
*[[Mammootty]] as Voice
}}

== Music ==
The film's music was composed by [[Shaan Rahman]].<ref name="cinemaexpress" />

==Reception==
[[filmibeat]] rated the film 3/5 and said, "A film with comedy & emotions in the right proportions".<ref>{{cite web |title=Johny Johny Yes Appa review: Lazy filmmaking at its best |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/johny-johny-yes-appa-review-lazy-filmmaking-at-its-best-review-malayalam-sk1qFhhhieegd.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027184522/http://www.sify.com/movies/johny-johny-yes-appa-review-lazy-filmmaking-at-its-best-review-malayalam-sk1qFhhhieegd.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 October 2018 |website=[[Sify]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Unconvincing tale of redemption |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/unconvincing-tale-of-redemption/article25349176.ece |date=27 October 2018|newspaper=The Hindu|accessdate=28 March 2019}}</ref> [[Manorama Online]] stated that "The film about family and for families is a typical entertainer and is a fun watch". [[The Times of India]] rated the film 2.5/5 and stated that it "not pack enough punch to offer the viewers an engaging experience".

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|8635076}}

[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:2018 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shaan Rahman]]

Johny Johny Yes Appa

2026-03-03T20:31:59Z

Rudratree: Content refined and expanded

Aham Sharma

2026-03-01T14:18:17Z

Rudratree: creating

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aham Sharma
| image = Ahem ZRA.jpg
| caption = Sharma in 2017
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1989|07|22}}
| birth_place = Salimpur (Barh), Bihar, India
| education = B.E. in [[Electronics & Electrical Engineering]]
| alma_mater = Institute of Engineering & Technology, DAVV, Indore
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2008–present

| known_for = * [[Karna]] in [[Mahabharat]] (2013–14); Rishabh Srivastava in [[Brahmarakshas]]; Vikramaditya in *Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gatha*
| awards = [[Indian Telly Award]] for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (2014) for [[Mahabharat]]
}}

'''Aham Sharma''' (born 22 July 1989) is an Indian actor from [[Salimpur]], [[Bihar]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/11look1.htm|title=First look: Chand Ke Paar Chalo|publisher=Rediff.com|access-date=27 November 2014}}</ref> Best known for his work in [[Television in India|Indian television]], he has also featured in several [[Bollywood]] films including ''[[1962 My Country Land]]'' which premiered at [[Marche du Film]] of the 69th [[Cannes Film Festival]].

Sharma's most recognizable TV roles include [[Karna]] in ''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' (2013–2014), Rishabh Srivastava in ''[[Brahmarakshas]]'' (2016–2017) and Vikramaditya in ''[[Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gatha]]'' (2018–2019).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aham-is-upset-with-the-telly-world/articleshow/3458773.cms|title=Aham is upset with the telly world}}</ref>

==Career==

===Early career (2008–2013)===

In 2008, Sharma began his acting career in [[Television in India|Hindi television]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/11look1.htm|title=First look: Chand Ke Paar Chalo|publisher=Rediff.com|access-date=27 November 2014}}</ref> He signed the lead role of Rehaan, a [[Lucknow]] young man of aristocratic lineage who was sent to [[London]] in childhood by his over protective mother before returning to his hometown Lucknow after growing up, in [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]]'s production debut ''[[Chand Ke Paar Chalo (TV series)|Chand Ke Paar Chalo]]'' for [[NDTV Imagine]] that co-starred [[Yami Gautam]] and Zalak Thakker.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Paar Chalo|first1=Chand Ke|title=First look: Chand Ke Paar Chalo|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/11look1.htm|access-date=24 January 2015|agency=REDIFF.COM}}</ref> It failed to gain good ratings, ending just after 80 episodes in February 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aham-is-upset-with-the-telly-world/articleshow/3458773.cms|title=Aham is upset with the telly world}}</ref>

In 2009, Sharma made his [[Bollywood|Hindi cinema]] debut with the release of his first movie, the suspense crime thriller ''[[Blue Oranges]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/hrithik-roshan-beats-kushal-tandon-win-worlds-sexiest-asian-man-2014-title-shah-rukh-khan-616891|title=Hrithik Roshan Beats Kushal Tandon to Win 'World's Sexiest Asian Man 2014' Title; Shah Rukh Khan Fails to Enter Top 10|last=Mehta|first=Ankita|date=2014-12-11|website=International Business Times, India Edition|language=en|access-date=2019-10-03}}</ref>

Sharma achieved three projects in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com|title=Thanks to Teakwondo training, I perform my own stunts in Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gaatha: Ahem Sharrma|date=4 April 2019}}</ref> Firstly he teamed up with producer [[Ekta Kapoor]] for the first time in ''[[Bairi Piya (TV series)|Bairi Piya]]'' for [[Colors TV]] as Nirbhay Pundir. Next he appeared as Anil and Amit respectively in two different episodes of Fireworks Productions's [[horror fiction|horror]] [[supernatural]] anthology ''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat]]'' on [[Sony Entertainment Television]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Indonesia calling for Mahabharat!|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Indonesia-calling-for-Mahabharat/articleshow/45409112.cms|access-date=4 February 2015|agency=Times of India|issue=8 December 2014|publisher=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2014/10/01/bintang-bintang-mahabharata-dari-india-pentas-di-jakarta-adu-akting-dengan-jupe |title=Stars of Mahabharat will perform at Jakarta | work=tribunnews |date=1 October 2014}}</ref> In his final work of the year, he did a cameo as the strong Aditya Ahlawat, an aspiring politician in the crime drama ''[[Kaali – Ek Agnipariksha]]'' on [[Star Plus]] produced by Undercover Productions Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2014/10/04/warga-bali-berburu-tiket-jumpa-artis-mahabharata |title=Residents of Bali bought tickets for Fans Meeting of the casts of Mahabharat |work=tribunnews |date=4 October 2014}}</ref>

Sharma's first project of 2013 was an episodic part in the scary horror series ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]'' with [[Neetha Shetty]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Neetha Shetty & Aham Sharma in Fear Files|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Neetha-Shetty-Aham-Sharma-in-Fear-Files/articleshow/18349643.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131126095727/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-05/tv/36763885_1_fear-files-black-magic-love-triangle|url-status=live|archive-date=26 November 2013|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 Feb 2013}}</ref> Consecutively he bagged two episodics in Fireworks Productions's popular police procedural television series ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/and-more/midnight-calls-can-be-scary-aham-sharma_150577.html|title=Midnight calls can be scary: Aham Sharma|work=Zee News|access-date=27 November 2014|date=9 February 2014}}</ref> In May 2013, he found a villainous role for the first time in his career in Firefly Productions's crime detective supernatural series ''[[SuperCops vs Supervillains]]'' on [[Life OK]] as [[Scientist]] Dr. Ajay/Vidyut - The Flash Man, an antagonist with superpowers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Aham-Sharma-Vicky-Batra-in-Shapath/articleshow/20224113.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131126095743/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-23/tv/39474173_1_shapath-hum-ne-li-hai-super-cops-v-s-super|url-status=live|archive-date=26 November 2013|website=[[The Times of India]]|title=Aham Sharma & Vicky Batra in Shapath|access-date=23 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Tiwari|first1=Vijaya T|title=Aham Sharma & Vicky Batra in Shapath|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aham-Sharma-Vicky-Batra-in-Shapath/articleshow/20224113.cms|access-date=24 January 2015|agency=Indiantimes.com|date=23 May 2013}}</ref>

===Breakthrough via ''Mahabharat'' and beyond (2013–present)===

Sharma had his break through in 2013 with ''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' TV series on [[Star Plus]], based on the [[Mahabharat|Hindu epic of the same name]], in which he performed as warrior [[Karna]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/us|title=Star Plus: Aham Sharma approached for Mahabharat|date=2 August 2013|work=Times of India}}</ref> It co-starred [[Shaheer Sheikh]], [[Pooja Sharma (Indian actress)|Pooja Sharma]], [[Saurabh Raj Jain]] among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2014/10/02/pemain-mahabharata-show-memakai-bahasa-inggris-india-dan-indonesia |title= Casts of Mahabharat will be performing using English, Hindi and Indonesian Languages |work=tribunnews |date=2 October 2014}}</ref> His acting gained him the [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role|Indian Telly Award for Best Supporting Actor]] award.<ref>{{cite web|title=13th Indian Telly Awards 2014, Mahabharat win big at Indian Telly Awards 2014|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2014/13th-indian-telly-awards-2014-winners-list-gautam-jennifer-harshad-preetika-karan-div-158938.html/|access-date=4 November 2014|publisher=FilmiBeat ltd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016005915/http://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2014/13th-indian-telly-awards-2014-winners-list-gautam-jennifer-harshad-preetika-karan-div-158938.html|archive-date=16 October 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In 2014, Sharma essayed Jass in the romantic drama film ''[[Karle Pyaar Karle]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/images/seleb/view/1354511/mahabharata-show#img |title=Mahabharat Show |work=tribunnews |date=3 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-karle-pyaar-karle-is-a-waste-of-time/20140117.html|title=Review: Karle Pyaar Karle|work=rediff|date=17 January 2014|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916215414/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-karle-pyaar-karle-is-a-waste-of-time/20140117.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was a box office disaster.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalviews.com|title=Interesting facts about Aham Sharma - the Karna of Mahabharat and Arjun of Manmarziyan|date=27 May 2015}}</ref> In early-2015, he was finalised as the main lead for Swastik Productions's new project ''[[Dosti... Yaariyan... Manmarziyan]]'', a television show on [[Star Plus]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Karan to Arjun|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/karan-to-arjun/85204.html|access-date=10 September 2015|work=The Tribune|date=26 May 2015|archive-date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729095025/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/karan-to-arjun/85204.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fuzionsproduction.com|title=Aham Sharma: 4 Reasons Why He Stands Out as Arjun Of Manmarziyan!|date=29 April 2015}}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He portrayed the role of Arjun Mehra, a man with a hidden motif having various shades of constantly striving between good and bad in himself.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/us|title=Manmarziyan: Aham Sharma's weighty issues|date=3 April 2015|website=Times of India}}</ref>

Sharma began 2016 in ''[[1962 My Country Land]]'', a period film about the Indo-China War, featuring him as an Army Lance Naik who gets responsibility for mapping along the Indo-China border.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dibrugarh lad's film 1962: My Country Land to be screened at Cannes|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-cinema/dibrugarh-lad-s-film-1962-my-country-land-to-be-screened-at-cannes/story-HLCIxmBR1LVnQhRZSr9RRP.html|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=17 May 2016}}</ref> In August 2016, he reteamed with Kapoor for the supernatural show ''[[Brahmarakshas]]'' on [[Zee TV]] wherein he enacted the character of Rishabh Srivastava, the main protagonist opposite [[Krystle D'Souza]].<ref>{{cite news|title=reasons Brahmarakshas is everyone's favourite show right now|url=http://India-today.intoday.in/story/5-reasons-brahmarakshas-is-everyone’s-favourite-show-right-now-lifetv/1/771739.html|publisher=India Today|date=23 September 2016}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Being a finite series, it culminated in February 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rishabh Shrivastava|url=http://www.ozee.com/shows/brahmarakshas/cast/rishabh-shrivastava|website=/www.ozee.com|access-date=1 September 2016|archive-date=18 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818084518/http://www.ozee.com/shows/brahmarakshas/cast/rishabh-shrivastava|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Media ==
In 2014, Sharma was rated 26th in the 11th edition of ''50 Sexiest Asian Men in The World'' by the British weekly newspaper ''[[Eastern Eye]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/hrithik-roshan-beats-kushal-tandon-win-worlds-sexiest-asian-man-2014-title-shah-rukh-khan-616891|title=Hrithik Roshan Beats Kushal Tandon to Win 'World's Sexiest Asian Man 2014' Title; Shah Rukh Khan Fails to Enter Top 10|last=Mehta|first=Ankita|date=2014-12-11|website=International Business Times, India Edition|language=en|access-date=2019-10-03}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{BLP sources section|date=October 2022}}

===Films===

{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|References}}
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Blue Oranges]]'' || Kevin Travasso
|
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Yeh Jo Mohabbat Hai]]'' || Zoravar
|
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Karle Pyaar Karle]]'' || Jass
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-karle-pyaar-karle-is-a-waste-of-time/20140117.html|title=Review: Karle Pyaar Karle|work=rediff|date=17 January 2014|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916215414/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-karle-pyaar-karle-is-a-waste-of-time/20140117.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || ''[[1962 My Country Land]]''|| Army [[Lance Naik]] Luitya
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Dibrugarh lad's film 1962: My Country Land to be screened at Cannes|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-cinema/dibrugarh-lad-s-film-1962-my-country-land-to-be-screened-at-cannes/story-HLCIxmBR1LVnQhRZSr9RRP.html|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=17 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Dhoop Chhaon (2002 film)|Dhoop Chhaon]]'' || Aman
|
|-
| 2021 || ''[[The Power (2021 Indian film)|The Power]]'' || Charlie ||

|-
| 2022 || ''Bagawat'' || Vikram Singh ||
|-
|-
| 2023 || ''Naseeb mera Dushman '' || Micky ||
|-
|2023|| ''Acting Ka Bhoot''|| Akki

|<ref>{{cite news|title=I hope films open new doors for me: Aham Sharma|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/i-hope-films-open-new-doors-for-me-ahem-sharma-101636724504212.html|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=14 November 2021}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|References}}
|-
| 2008–2009 || ''[[Chand Ke Paar Chalo (TV series)|Chand Ke Paar Chalo]]'' || Rehan
|
|<ref>{{cite web|last1=.com|first1=rediff|title=First look: Chand Ke Paar Chalo|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/11look1.htm|website=Rediff.com|access-date=15 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
|2009
|''[[Saat Phere: Saloni Ka Safar]]''
|Aditya Brijesh Singh
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2010 || ''[[Bairi Piya (TV series)|Bairi Piya]]'' || Nirbhay Pundir
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat]]'' || Anil
|
|
|-
| Amit
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kaali – Ek Agnipariksha]]'' || Aditya Ahlawat
|
|
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Ek Nayi Chhoti Si Zindagi]]'' || Shravan
|
|
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Aasman Se Aage]]''|| Angad
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2013 || ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein|Fear Files]]'' || Kushal
|Season 1
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Neetha Shetty & Aham Sharma in Fear Files|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Neetha-Shetty-Aham-Sharma-in-Fear-Files/articleshow/18349643.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131126095727/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-05/tv/36763885_1_fear-files-black-magic-love-triangle|url-status=live|archive-date=26 November 2013|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 Feb 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'' || Rai
|
|
|-
| Mahesh
|
|
|-
| ''[[SuperCops vs Supervillains|Hum Ne Li Hai Shapath]]''|| Dr. Ajay / Vidyut: The Flash Man
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Aham-Sharma-Vicky-Batra-in-Shapath/articleshow/20224113.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131126095743/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-23/tv/39474173_1_shapath-hum-ne-li-hai-super-cops-v-s-super|url-status=live|archive-date=26 November 2013|website=[[The Times of India]]|title=Aham Sharma & Vicky Batra in Shapath|access-date=23 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/and-more/midnight-calls-can-be-scary-aham-sharma_150577.html|title=Midnight calls can be scary: Aham Sharma|work=Zee News|access-date=27 November 2014|date=9 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/us|title=Star Plus: Aham Sharma approached for Mahabharat|date=2 August 2013|work=Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2013–2014
|''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]''
|Karna
|
|
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Dosti... Yaariyan... Manmarziyan]]''
|Arjun Mehra
|
|
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Bharatvarsh (TV series)|Bharatvarsh]]'' || Ashoka
|
|
|-
| 2016–2017 || ''[[Brahmarakshas]]'' || Rishabh Shrivastava/Narasimha
|
|
|-
|2018–2019
|''[[Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gatha]]''
|King [[Vikramaditya]]
|
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Sampoorna (TV series)|Sampoorna]]''
|Dr. Aakash Sukhdev Malhotra
|
|
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|References}}
|-
|2021
|''[[Crime Next Door]]''
|Dushyant
|
|
|-
|2024
|''Chitta Ve''
|Taran
|
|
|}

==Awards==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Work !! Result
|-
| 2014 ||[[Indian Telly Awards]]||[[Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role|Best Actor in a Supporting Role]]||[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|''Mahabharat'']] || {{Won}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian television actors]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Instagram}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Aham}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bihar]]
[[Category:1989 births]]

Keladi Kanmani (TV series)

2026-02-22T20:09:10Z

Rudratree: made first stub nd citations!

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| native_name =
| image = Keladi Kanmani Serial New Photo.jpg
| caption =
| genre = Soap opera
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer = {{plainlist|
* C. U. Muthuselvan
* Ezhilarvardan (dialogues)
}}
| screenplay = {{plainlist|
*C.U.Muthuselvan
*Devi Bala
}}
| story = {{plainlist|
*C.U.Muthuselvan
*Devi Bala
}}
| director = {{plainlist|
*O. N. Rathnam (1-332)
*P. Selvam (333-767)
}}
| creative_director = Madhu Mohan
| starring = {{ubl|[[Arnav (TV actor)|Arnav]]|[[Divya Sridhar]]|Krithika Krishnan|[[Shari (actress)|Sadhana]]|Shefaali Shamili}}
| theme_music_composer = Kiran
| opentheme = "Akaya Ellai Neeye"
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 767
| list_episodes =
| producer = Cine Times Entertainment
| editor = {{plainlist|
*Bala
*Subash B. Vishwa
}}
| cinematography = Meenatchippatti P. Kasinathan
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 20-22 minutes per episode
| company = Cine Times Entertainment
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2015|4|6}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2017|10|7}}
| composer = K. Kiran Kumar
| channel = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
}}
{{Contains special characters|Tamil}}

'''''Keladi Kanmani''''' is a 2015 [[India]]n [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language soap opera starring [[Arnav (TV actor)|Arnav]], [[Divya Sridhar]], Krithika Krishnan, Shefaali Shamili and [[Shari (actress)|Sadhana]]. It aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] from 6 April 2015 to 7 October 2017 for 767 episodes. The series was produced by Cine Times Entertainment. Season 1 was directed by O. N. Rathnam and season 2 by P. Selvam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=16086&id1=6|title=Keladi Kanmani New Serial on Sun TV|website=cinema.dinakaran.com|accessdate=|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501145907/http://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=16086&id1=6|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Plot==
===Season 1===
Bhavani has a mentally challenged daughter, Maya. Bavani's husband Nandakumar divorces her and marries another woman. Bhavani raises Maya alone with much difficulty. One day when Bhavani cannot solve all her problems, she commits suicide. To save her, Yugendran (also known as Yugi) comes and marries Maya. Yugi's mother does not accept Maya as her daughter-in-law as Maya is mentally challenged. Despite the rocky relationship and the problems between Yugi and Maya, their love was always unconditional. One day, the priest tells Bhavani, she will need to visit a holy place to do some prayers to make her daughter become a normal women. Bhavani would bring Maya to that place and do all the prayers.

The season comes to an end when Maya's mother sacrifices her life to god to make Maya a normal woman. When Maya wakes up, her mother will die. Maya will know nothing of her previous life when she awakens. She will be brought to the temple's leader Chidambaram's house and he will adopt her as his daughter. In there, she is renamed to Mahalakshmi and season 2 will begin.

===Season 2===
A non-married girl Mahalakshmi is asked to walk around the village naked to fulfill the god's wishes. To save Maha from the embarrassment, Vijayan comes to the temple and marry Maha. Maha is now married and can no longer do the vows. Vijay's family has a curse from the snake. Whoever tries to marry Vijay or his sibling will die. But Maha is special, she has the power of the snake god. Vijay's father and older brother is unhappy about Vijay's decision on marrying the girl and will try to kill her. But, she escapes from their every attempts with help of Nagathamman. Meanwhile, Naagamanimaalai, an Icchadhari Snake enters into Vijay's family to take revenge. Here, now she reveals her past that She and her husband Aryan were Icchadhari Snakes and they were killed by Vijay's ancestor. Now, she comes again to take revenge on the family and wants to remarry her husband, as he is in form of Vijay at Present. Naagamanimaalai enters into Vijay's family as name of Nageshwari, who is Vijay's cousin. Later, Nagathamman, Snake goddess comes to Vijay's home to save that family from Nagamanimaalai. Finally, Naagathamman destroys Nageshwari's powers and turned her as a normal human being. Finally, She marries Jeyamani, Vijay's elder brother. Now, the new story line starts that Jeeva, who is exactly looks like Vijay. Jeeva is an IPS Officer of Narashingapuram, who wants to save the people from the Sena's family in that Village. Unfortunately, he died already. So, Vijay turns himself as Jeeva and solve the remaining problems that happens in the Village. Finally, Sena is shot by the police and Vijay joins with Maha and his family.

==Cast==
===Season 1: (Episodes 1–332)===
* Krithika Krishnan as Maya Yugendran
* [[Sadhana (Tamil actress)|Sadhana]] as Bhavani: Maya's mother
* [[Arnav (TV actor)|Arnav]] as Yugendran "Yugi"
* [[Puvi (actor)|Puviarasu]] as Prakash, Maya's ex-love interest
* Sai Priyanka Ruth as Priyanka: Yugi's younger sister
* [[Shanthi Williams]] as Bhagyam: Yugi's mother
* Manikandan as Pratap: Priyanka's husband
* Jai Ram as Velu: Yugi's friend
* Preethi Kumar as Vaishali: Maya's step-sister
* M. Ramachanthiran as Nandakumar: Maya and Vaishu's father, Bhavani's ex-husband
* Sujatha Panju as Rekha: Nandu's second wife and Vaishu's mother
* Krithika Annamalai as Malathi Pachai: Yugi's elder sister
* Sukkiran as Pachaimuthu: Malathi's husband and Yugi's brother-in-law
* [[Joker Thulasi]] as Ethiraj: Pachai's father
* Bharath Guru as Dilli: Pachai's brother
* [[Reena (actress)|Reena]] as Shantha "SK" Kumari
* Sathiyasai as Bhargavi, nicknamed Kuttyma: Yugi's youngest sister
* Renuka as Malar: Bhavani's housemaid)
* Jacob Kevins as Gautham: Kuttymah's boyfriend
* Krishna Kishore as Inbha: Pratap's elder brother
* [[Mahalakshmi (Tamil actress)|Mahalakshmi VJ]] as Varsha: Pratap's elder sister
* Jegan

===Season 2: (Episodes 333–767)===
====Main cast====
* [[Divya Sridhar]] (Episodes 545-767) as Maya alias Mahalakshmi "Maha" Vijayan
** Krithika Krishnan (Episodes 1-333) as Maya (archival footage of season 1)
** Shefaali Shamili (Episodes 333-525) as Maya alias Mahalakshmi "Maha" Vijayan (Replaced by Divya Sridhar)
* [[Arnav (TV actor)|Arnav]] as Vijayan "Vijay"/ Aryagan "Arya" (Icchadhari Snake) and Jeeva IPS. Yugi's medium

====Recurring cast====
* Feroz khan as Jayamani (Vijay's Eldest Brother)
* [[Nancy Jennifer]] as Naga Manimalai, Fake Nageshwari "Eshwari", an Icchadhari snake, later turns a human form
* Sheela as Muthupechi: Vijay's mother
* Vineetha Shalini as Shalu: Vijay's Youngest Sister
* Jayalakshmi as Ambika: Vijay's Eldest Sister
* Gracy as Eshwari: Maha's adoptive Sister
* Vittal Rao as Chidambaram: Maha's adoptive Father
* Azhagu as Thillainayagam: Vijay's father
* Divya Ganesh as Chembaruthi: Jeyamani's ex-wife
* Geetha Ravishankar as Chembaruthi's mother
* Gayathri as Jeeva's mother
* Thilla as Bairavan
* Shyamili as Jeeva's love interest
* Gopi as Paarthaa
* Pandiaraj as Sena

==Original soundtrack==

===Title song===
It was written by lyricist [[Yugabharathi]], composed by the music director Kiran. It was sung by [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]].

===Soundtrack===
{{tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Akaya Ellai Neeye (ஆகாய எல்லை நீயே)
| lyrics1 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| extra1 = [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
| length1 = 3:27
}}

==See also==
* [[List of programs broadcast by Sun TV]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141007220928/http://www.suntvnetwork.in/tv-channel-details.aspx?Channelid=1&channelname=SUN%20TV&LanguageID=1&Type=q Official Website] {{in lang|en}}

{{Sun TV shows}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language thriller television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language fantasy television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:2010s Tamil-language television series]]
[[Category:2015 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Aligarh Lok Sabha constituency

2026-02-19T02:44:43Z

Rudratree:

{{short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|type = LS
|name = Aligarh {{Small|UP-15}}
|established = 1952
|electors = 19,97,121<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526095942/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |archive-date=26 May 2024 |title=EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases |agency=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=25 May 2024 |number=ECI/PN/102/2024 |first=Anuj |last=Chandak |location=New Delhi}}</ref>
|reservation = None
|mp =[[Satish Kumar Gautam]]
|map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Uttar Pradesh/Aligarh.map}}
|map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Aligarh Lok Sabha constituency
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
|state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|assembly_cons =[[Khair Assembly constituency|Khair]] [[Barauli, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Barauli]] [[Atrauli Assembly constituency|Atrauli]] [[Koil Assembly constituency|Koil]] [[Aligarh Assembly constituency|Aligarh]]
}}
'''Aligarh Lok Sabha Constituency''' ({{IPA|hi|əliːgəɽʱ}}) is a [[Lok Sabha]] parliamentary [[constituency]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].

==Assembly segments==
{|class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|71
|[[Khair Assembly constituency|Khair]] (SC)
|rowspan="5"|[[Aligarh district|Aligarh]]
|[[Surender Diler]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|72
|[[Barauli, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Barauli]]
|[[Thakur Jaivir Singh]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|73
|[[Atrauli Assembly constituency|Atrauli]]
|[[Sandeep Singh (politician)|Sandeep Singh]]
|-
|75
|[[Koil Assembly constituency|Koil]]
|[[Anil Parashar]]
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|76
|[[Aligarh Assembly constituency|Aligarh]]
|[[Mukta Raja]]
|}

== Members of parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Chand Singhal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[Nardeo Snatak]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|[[Nardeo Snatak]]
|-
|[[Jamal Khwaja]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|[[Buddha Priya Maurya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Republican Party of India}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1967|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Shiv Kumar Shastri]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Kranti Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1971|1971]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1977|1977]]
|[[Nawab Singh Chauhan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1980|1980]]
|[[Indra Kumari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1984|1984]]
|[[Usha Rani Tomar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1989|1989]]
|[[Satya Pal Malik]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1991|1991]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Sheela Gautam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1998|1998]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1999|1999]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2004|2004]]
|[[Bijendra Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2009|2009]]
|[[Raj Kumari Chauhan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2014|2014]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Satish Kumar Gautam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2019|2019]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2024|2024]]
|}

==Election results==

=== General Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Aligarh]]<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Aligarh">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Aligarh |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2415.htm |accessdate=3 October 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003065429/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2415.htm |archivedate=3 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Satish Kumar Gautam]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=501,834|percentage=44.28|change={{down}}12.14}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Bijendra Singh]]|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=486,187|percentage=42.90|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Hitendra Kumar|votes=123,929|percentage=10.93|change={{down}}25.78}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[None of the Above|NOTA]]
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes =4,934
|percentage = 0.44
|change ={{down}}0.10
}}

{{Election box majority||votes=15,647|percentage=1.38|change={{down}}18.33}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,133,366
|percentage = 56.75
|change ={{decrease}}4.93
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Aligarh]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Satish Kumar Gautam]]
|votes = 656,215
|percentage = 56.42
|change = +8.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ajeet Baliyan
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 426,954
|percentage = 36.71
|change = +15.47
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Bijendra Singh]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 50,880
|percentage = 4.37
|change = -1.52
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[None of the above|NOTA]]
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 6,268
|percentage = 0.54
|change = -0.08
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 229,261
|percentage = 19.71
|change = -7.23
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,163,950
|percentage = 61.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +9.44
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Aligarh]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Satish Kumar Gautam]]
|votes = 514,624
|percentage = 48.34
|change = +29.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Arvind Kumar Singh
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 227,886
|percentage = 21.40
|change = -6.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Zafar Alam (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Zafar Alam]]
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 226,284
|percentage = 21.25
|change = -4.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Bijendra Singh]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 62,674
|percentage = 5.89
|change = -18.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mohd. Sabir Rahi
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 8,978
|percentage = 0.84
|change = +0.84
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[None of the above|NOTA]]
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 6,183
|percentage = 0.58
|change = +0.58
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 286,736
|percentage = 26.94
|change = +24.55
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,064,697
|percentage = 59.38
|change = +7.94
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing = +20.39
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Aligarh]]
* [[Aligarh Assembly constituency]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Aligarh division topics}}

{{Coord|27.9|78.08|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aligarh Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Aligarh district]]

Gopalapuram mandal, East Godavari

2026-02-18T01:14:56Z

Rudratree: Started A Info V1 - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gopalapuram mandal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.10|N|81.54|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
| seat_type =
| seat =
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of India|Major villages]]
| parts_style = para
| parts =
| leader_title = [[Tehsildar]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 62,597
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=628648|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=23 September 2018}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
}}

'''Gopalapuram mandal''' is one of the 19 [[mandal]]s<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-03 |title=New AP Map: Check Out Biggest and Smallest Districts in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/andhrapradesh/heres-how-new-ap-map-looks-after-districts-reorganization-153041 |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en |archive-date=1 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601231914/https://english.sakshi.com/news/andhrapradesh/heres-how-new-ap-map-looks-after-districts-reorganization-153041 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in [[East Godavari district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is administered under [[Kovvur revenue division]] and its headquarters are located at [[Gopalapuram, West Godavari|Gopalapuram]].<ref name=maps>{{cite web|title=West Godavari District Mandals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part31.pdf|publisher=Census of India|access-date=23 September 2018|page=188}}</ref> The mandal is bounded by [[Polavaram mandal|Polavaram]], [[Koyyalagudem mandal|Koyyalagudem]], [[Devarapalle mandal|Devarapalle]] and [[Tallapudi mandal|Tallapudi]] mandals.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandals in West Godavari district|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/apfactfile/info%20on%20districts/WestGodavari.html|publisher=aponline.gov.in|access-date=23 September 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429220632/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/apfactfile/info%20on%20districts/westgodavari.html|archive-date=29 April 2015}}</ref>

== Towns and villages ==

{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], the mandal has 18 settlements. Gopalapuram is the most populated and Saggonda is the least populated village in the mandal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sub-District Details of West Godavari District|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Sub_Districts_Master.aspx?state_code=28&district_code=15|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714121729/http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Sub_Districts_Master.aspx?state_code=28&district_code=15|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The settlements in the mandal are listed below:

{{Columns-list|colwidth=15em|
#Bhimolu
#Cherukumilli
#Chityala
#Dondapudi
#Gangolu
#Gopalapuram
#Guddigudem
#Jagannadhapuram
#Karagapadu
#Karicharlagudem
#Komatigunta
#Kovvurupadu
#Nandigudem
#Saggonda
#Sagipadu
#Vadalakunta
#Vellachintalagudem
#Venkatayapalem
}}

== See also ==
*[[East Godavari district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{East Godavari district}}

[[Category:Mandals in East Godavari district]]

{{EastGodavari-geo-stub}}

Brigade of Gurkhas

2026-02-17T14:45:31Z

Rudratree: cleanup article for consistency and fixed typos after review

{{Short description|British Army units composed of Nepalese Gurkhas}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{British Army Arms}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Brigade of Gurkhas
| image =
| image_size = 180px
| caption = Brigade insignia
| dates = 1815–present<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.gwt.org.uk/about-the-gurkhas/gurkhas/ | title=Who are they | the Gurkha Welfare Trust | About the Gurkhas | newspaper=The Gurkha Welfare Trust }}</ref>
| country = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| allegiance = [[King Charles III]]
| branch = {{army|United Kingdom}}
| type = [[Assault troops]]
| size = ~4090<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/990125/SPS_1_Apr_2021.pdf|title=UK Armed Forces Quarterly Service Personnel Statistics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327010828/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/990125/SPS_1_Apr_2021.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=2023-03-27|access-date=2023-08-12}}</ref>
| role = [[Land warfare]] [[Expeditionary warfare]] [[Airborne forces]]
| command_structure =
| current_commander =
| garrison = [[Staff College, Camberley]]
| ceremonial_chief = [[Charles III]]
| ceremonial_chief_label = Commander-in-Chief
| nickname = ''''The Gurkhas''"
| motto =
| colors =
| identification_symbol_2 =
| identification_symbol_2_label =
| identification_symbol_3 =
| identification_symbol_3_label =
| march =
| mascot =
| battles =
| identification_symbol = [[Image:Gurkhas TRF.svg|90px]]
| identification_symbol_label = [[Tactical Recognition Flash]]
| notable_commanders =
| anniversaries =
}}

'''Brigade of Gurkhas''' is the collective name which refers to all the units in the [[British Army]] that are composed of [[Gurkha|Nepalese Gurkha]] soldiers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=» Who are they? |url=https://www.gwt.org.uk/about-the-gurkhas/gurkhas/ |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=www.gwt.org.uk}}</ref> The brigade draws its heritage from Gurkha units that originally served in the [[British Indian Army]] prior to Indian independence, and prior to that served for the [[East India Company]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Latter |first=Mick |date=2013-03-25 |title=Gurkhas, Nepal and the East India Company |url=https://www.gurkhabde.com/gurkhas-nepal-and-east-india-companyu/ |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Welcome to the Gurkha Brigade Association |language=en-GB}}</ref> The brigade includes infantry, engineering, signal, logistic and training and support units. They are known for their [[khukuri]], a distinctive heavy knife with a curved blade, and have a reputation for being fierce and brave soldiers.

The brigade celebrated 200 years of service in the British Army in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=200th anniversary of the Gurkhas: fierce, loyal and brave, Britain must thank them for their service|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/11518142/200th-anniversary-of-the-Gurkhas-fierce-loyal-and-brave-Britain-must-thank-them-for-their-service.html|access-date=22 May 2015|work=The Telegraph|date=7 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nepali men have been fighting for Britain for 200 years|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-sight/wp/2015/04/30/nepali-men-have-been-fighting-for-britain-for-200-years-one-photographer-shows-what-it-means-to-be-the-gurkhas/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=23 May 2015|date=30 April 2015}}</ref>

== History ==
{{anchor | History }}
{{See also | British Indian Army | Gorkha_regiments_(India) | l2= Gurkha regiments history | Royal_Gurkha_Rifles#History | l3 = Royal Gurkha Rifles history | Gurkhas }}

During the [[the Gurkha War|war in Nepal]] in 1814, in which the British failed to annex [[Nepal]] into the Empire, Army officers were shocked by the tenacity of the Gurkha soldiers and encouraged them to volunteer for the [[Honourable East India Company|East India Company]]. Gurkhas served as troops of the Company in the [[Pindaree War]] of 1817, in [[Bharatpur, Nepal]] in 1826, and the [[First Anglo-Sikh War|First]] and [[Second Anglo-Sikh War|Second]] Sikh Wars in 1846 and 1848. During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Sepoy Mutiny]] in 1857, the Gurkha [[regiment]]s remained loyal to the British, and became part of the [[British Indian Army]] on its formation. The [[2nd Gurkha Rifles]] (The Sirmoor Rifles) and the [[Royal Green Jackets|60th Rifles]] famously defended [[Raja Hindu Rao|Hindu Rao]]'s house.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/nepal/1339272/Artist-captures-key-moment-of-Gurkha-loyalty.html|title=Artist captures key moment of Gurkha loyalty|publisher=The Telegraph|date=2 September 2001|access-date=16 May 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Imphalgurkhas.jpg|thumb|right|Gurkhas advancing with [[tank]]s to clear the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] from the Imphal–Kohima road]]

During the [[Malayan Emergency]] in the late 1940s, Gurkhas fought as jungle soldiers as they had done in [[Burma]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/3278|title=Operations by 1st Battalion 6th Gurkha Rifles during the Malayan Emergency|access-date=16 May 2014}}</ref> The Training Depot Brigade of Gurkhas was established on 15 August 1951 at [[Sungai Petani]], [[Kedah]], [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]].<ref name=scmp/> After the conflict ended, the Gurkhas were transferred to [[Hong Kong]], where they carried out security duties.<ref name=scmp>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/1458561/nepalese-community-hong-kong-looks-preserve-gurkha-legacy|title=The Nepalese community in Hong Kong looks to preserve Gurkha legacy|date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Lifestyle|access-date=16 May 2014}}</ref> The troops patrolled the border checking for illegal immigrants entering the territory, most crucially during the turbulence of the [[Cultural Revolution]]. They were deployed to contain crowds during the [[Hong Kong 1966 riots|Star Ferry riots of 1966]].

After Indian independence and [[Partition of India|partition]] in 1947, under the [[Britain-India-Nepal Tripartite Agreement|Tripartite Agreement]], six Gurkha regiments joined the post-independence [[Indian Army]]. Four Gurkha regiments, the [[2nd Gurkha Rifles|2nd]], [[6th Gurkha Rifles|6th]], [[7th Gurkha Rifles|7th]], and [[10th Gurkha Rifles]], joined the British Army on 1 January 1948.<ref name=research>{{cite web|url=http://www.thegurkhamuseum.co.uk/Research/16|title=The Gurkha Museum Winchester|access-date=15 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216154247/http://www.thegurkhamuseum.co.uk/Research/16|archive-date=2014-12-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)|1st/2nd Gurkha Rifles]] was deployed to [[Brunei]] at the outbreak of the [[Brunei Revolt]] in 1962.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80019433|title=British officer served with 1/2nd Gurkha Rifles in Brunei Rebellion, 1962–1963|publisher=Imperial War Museum|access-date=16 May 2014}}</ref> In 1974 [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus|Turkey invaded Cyprus]] and the 10th Gurkha Rifles was sent to defend the British sovereign base area of [[Dhekelia Cantonment|Dhekelia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.10gr.com/html/History.htm|title=A short history of the 10th Princess Mary's own Gurkha Rifles|access-date=16 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517114320/http://www.10gr.com/html/History.htm|archive-date=17 May 2014}}</ref> In 1982, during the [[Falklands War]], the 7th Gurkha Rifles formed part of 5 Infantry Brigade and was responsible for capturing Mount William shortly before the Argentinian surrender.<ref>{{cite book |last=Middlebrook |first=Martin |title=The Falklands War |year=2012 |location=Barnsley, UK |publisher=Pen & Sword Military |pages=374-375|isbn=978-1-84884-636-4}}</ref>

On 1 July 1994, the four rifle regiments were merged into one, the [[Royal Gurkha Rifles]], and the three corps regiments (the Gurkha Military Police having been disbanded in 1965) were reduced to [[Squadron (army)|squadron]] strength. On 1 July 1997, the British government [[handover of Hong Kong|transferred sovereignty over Hong Kong]] to the [[People's Republic of China]], which led to the closing of the local British garrison. Gurkha HQ and recruit training were moved to the UK.<ref name=scmp/> The Royal Gurkha Rifles took part in operations in [[Kosovo]] in 1999, in [[UN peacekeeping operations]] in [[East Timor]] in 2000 and in [[Sierra Leone]] later that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rgrra.com/index.php/history|title=The Royal Gurkha Rifles: Regimental History|access-date=16 May 2014|archive-date=27 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427015121/http://www.rgrra.com/index.php/history|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

[[File:Gurkhas exercise DM-SD-98-00170.jpg|thumb|right|Gurkhas undergoing an urban warfare exercise in the United States. Note the [[kukri]] on the webbing of the nearest soldier]]

In September 2008, the High Court in London ruled that the British Government must issue clear guidance on the criteria against which Gurkhas may be considered for settlement rights in the UK. On 21 May 2009, and following a lengthy [[Gurkha Justice Campaign|campaign by Gurkha veterans]], the British [[Home Secretary]], [[Jacqui Smith]], announced that all Gurkha veterans who had served four years or more in the British Army before 1997 would be allowed to settle in Britain.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8060607.stm|title= Gurkhas win right to settle in UK|work= BBC News|date= 21 May 2009|access-date= 24 May 2009}}</ref>

== British Gurkha units 1947–1994 ==
Former units included:<ref name=research/>
* [[2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)|2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles]] (1947–1994)
* [[6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles]] (1947–1994)
* [[7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles]] (1947–1994)
* [[10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles]] (1947–1994)
* [[Gurkha Army Service Corps]] (1958–1965)
* [[Gurkha Transport Regiment]] (1965–1992)
* [[Queen's Gurkha Engineers]] (1977–present)
** Gurkha Engineer Training Squadron, [[Royal Engineers]] (1948–1951)
** 50th (Gurkha) Engineer Regiment, Royal Engineers (1951–1955)
** Gurkha Engineers (1955–1977)
* [[Queen's Gurkha Signals]] (1977–present)
** Gurkha Signals (1948–1949)
** Gurkha Royal Signals (1949–1954)
** Gurkha Signals (1954–1977)
* [[Gurkha Provost Company]], [[Royal Military Police]] (1949–1957)
* 17th Gurkha Divisional Provost Company, Royal Military Police (1957–1969)
* [[Gurkha Independent Parachute Company]], [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]] (c. 1960 – 1970)

== Today ==
[[File:Band of the Brigade of Gurkhas.jpg|thumb|Band of the Brigade of Gurkhas performing in France, 2014]]

Current units of the Brigade of Gurkhas include:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gurkhabde.com/brigade-of-gurkhas/|title=Serving Brigade of Gurkhas|date=13 February 2013 |access-date=15 May 2014}}</ref>
* HQ, Brigade of Gurkhas, at the former [[Staff College, Camberley]] in Surrey<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gurkhabde.com/hqbg-opening-ceremony-at-camberley/|title=HQBG opening ceremony at Camberley|date=11 April 2014|publisher=The Gurkha Brigade Association|access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref>
**[[Queen's Gurkha Signals]]
*** 242 Squadron (part of 22 Signal Regiment), in Stafford
*** 243 Squadron (part of 15 Signal Regiment)
*** 246 Squadron (part of 2 Signal Regiment)
*** 247 Squadron (part of 16 Signal Regiment)
*** 248 Squadron (part of 22 Signal Regiment), in Stafford
*** 249 Squadron (part of 3rd (UK) Division HQ and Signal Regiment), in Bulford
*** 250 Squadron (provides command support to Commander Joint Forces Operation and his Staff when deployed), in [[Bramcote]]
*** Brunei Signal Troop, in [[Brunei]] supporting British Forces Brunei
*** Nepal Signal Troop, in [[Kathmandu]] supporting [[British Gurkhas Nepal|HQ British Gurkhas Nepal]]
** [[Royal Gurkha Rifles]]
*** 1st Battalion, Royal Gurkha Rifles in [[Brunei]] – a light infantry battalion, part of [[British Forces Brunei]]
*** 2nd Battalion, Royal Gurkha Rifles in [[Shorncliffe Army Camp|Shorncliffe]] – an [[air assault]] infantry battalion, part of [[16 Air Assault Brigade]]
***A (Krithia) Company, Royal Gurkha Rifles in [[Belfast]] – a special operations infantry company (part of 1st Battalion, [[Ranger Regiment (United Kingdom)|Ranger Regiment]])
***G (Coriano) Company, Royal Gurkha Rifles in [[Aldershot]] – a special operations infantry company (part of 4th Battalion, [[Ranger Regiment (United Kingdom)|Ranger Regiment]])
***F (Falklands) Company, Royal Gurkha Rifles in Aldershot – a special operations infantry company (part of 2nd Battalion, [[Ranger Regiment (United Kingdom)|Ranger Regiment]])
**Queen's Gurkha Engineers<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Cooper|first=Tim|title=Queen's Gurkha Engineers Celebrate 73rd Birthday|url=https://www.forces.net/services/gurkhas/queens-gurkha-engineers-celebrate-their-73rd-birthday|access-date=2021-09-27|website=Forces Network|date=25 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
*** 67 Gurkha Field Squadron, in [[Invicta Park Barracks|Maidstone]]
*** 69 Gurkha Field Squadron, in [[Invicta Park Barracks|Maidstone]]<ref name=":0" />
*** 70 Gurkha Field Support Squadron, in Maidstone<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=British Army units from 1945 on - 36 Regiment|url=http://british-army-units1945on.co.uk/royal-engineers/regiments---major-units/36-regiment.html|website=british-army-units1945on.co.uk}}</ref>
**King's Gurkha Artillery in Larkhill<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2 June 2025 |title=Gurkhas arrive in Larkhill for The King’s Gurkha Artillery |url=https://www.gurkhabde.com/news/gurkhas-arrive-in-larkhill/ |website=Gurkha Brigade Association |location= |publisher= |access-date=5 August 2025}}</ref>
**[[10 Queen's Own Gurkha Logistic Regiment RLC|10th Queen's Own Gurkha Logistic Regiment RLC]], in [[Aldershot Garrison|Aldershot]]<ref>{{usurped|1=[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121019014916/http://www.mod.uk:80/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/HistoryAndHonour/RoyalVisitFor50yearoldGurkhaRegiment.htm Royal Visit For 50 year old Gurkha Regiment]}}. The national archives. Retrieved 12 February 2012</ref>
**[[Gurkha Allied Rapid Reaction Corps Support Battalion]]{{efn|Established in 1993 as Headquarters Allied Rapid Reaction Corps Support Battalion, for many years it included numbers of Gurkhas. In August 2021, the battalion added the subtitle 'Gurkha', and is now officially subsumed into the Brigade of Gurkhas.<ref>British Army, ''[https://edition.pagesuite-professional.co.uk/html5/reader/production/default.aspx?pubname=&edid=0377652b-c123-4bff-8806-61b9af842025 August 2021 Soldier Magazine]''. Retrieved 13 August 2021.</ref>}}
**[[British Gurkhas Nepal]] – recruits for the British Army and the [[Gurkha Contingent]] of the [[Singapore Police Force]], handles soldier and ex-soldier welfare<ref>{{Cite web|title=British Gurkhas Nepal|url=https://www.army.mod.uk/who-we-are/corps-regiments-and-units/brigade-of-gurkhas/british-gurkhas-nepal/|access-date=20 February 2019|website=British Army|language=en-GB}}</ref>
**Gurkha Staff and Personnel Support Company – administration for all Brigade of Gurkhas units<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.army.mod.uk/who-we-are/corps-regiments-and-units/brigade-of-gurkhas/gurkha-staff-and-personnel-support/|title=Gurkha Staff and Personnel Support|website=British Army|language=en-GB|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref>
** [[Band of the Brigade of Gurkhas]] (raised in November 1859, then in 1st Gurkha Rifles)
** Gurkha Company (Babaji) at the [[Infantry Training Centre (British Army)|Infantry Training Centre, Catterick]]
** Gurkha Company (Sittang) at the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]]
** Gurkha Company (Mandalay) at the [[Infantry Battle School]], Brecon
** Gurkha Training Support Company (Tavoleto) at [[Waterloo Lines]], Warminster
** Brigade Training Team
** Nepali Language Wing, [[Catterick Garrison|Catterick]]

In 2018, the UK Government announced that it intended to expand the brigade by more than 800 posts, with the Queen's Gurkha Engineers receiving an additional squadron, while the Queen’s Gurkha Signals and the Queen's Own Gurkha Logistic Regiment will receive two new squadrons. Additionally, approximately 300 new posts within the Royal Gurkha Rifles will be created forming a new battalion planned for the Specialist Infantry role.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/81826/uk-to-recruit-more-gurkha-soldiers |title=UK to recruit more Gurkha soldiers |last=Ripley |first=Tim |date=18 July 2018|website=Jane's 360 |access-date=20 July 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukarmedforcescommentary.blogspot.com/2016/08/good-news-and-confirmation-of-bad-habit.html |title=Good news and a confirmation of a bad habit |last=Molinelli |first=Gabriele |date=4 August 2016 |website=UK Armed Forces Commentary |access-date=20 July 2018 }}</ref> In 2018, it was announced that from 2020, female applicants would be able to apply to join the Gurkhas.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-44844438 |title=Gurkhas to recruit women for first time from 2020 |date=16 July 2018 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 July 2018 }}</ref> However, this decision was reversed in 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/girl-gurkhas/|title=Girl Gurkhas|publisher=Nepali Times|date=23 July 2019|access-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>

In April 2025, the UK government announced a further increase by creating a new artillery regiment within the brigade, bearing the name the King's Gurkha Artillery. As with other Gurkha units affiliated to the support arms and services, the King's Gurkha Artillery will have its own unique cap badge combining elements that illustrate its Gurkha heritage and the heritage of its parent unit, in this case the [[Royal Artillery]]. The creation of the King's Gurkha Artillery will mark the first time that Gurkhas have served in their own dedicated [[artillery]] unit in the British Army.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New King’s Gurkha Artillery Unit to boost Armed Forces Capabilities |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-kings-gurkha-artillery-unit-to-boost-armed-forces-capabilities |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-28 |title=New 400-strong King's Gurkha Artillery regiment announced in front of MPs |url=https://www.forcesnews.com/services/gurkhas/new-400-strong-kings-gurkha-artillery-regiment-announced |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=www.forcesnews.com |language=en}}</ref>{{efn|Although the King's Gurkha Artillery is the first dedicated Gurkha artillery regiment, Gurkhas have previously served in the artillery role during their time in the British Army. Following the transfer of Gurkha regiments after Indian independence, it was decided to bring all Gurkha units under the command of a single, all-arms division. This led to the two battalions of the 7th Gurkha Rifles being selected for conversion to artillery as 101 and 102 Field Regiments, Royal Artillery. But, owing to the need for experienced infantry soldiers trained in jungle warfare as a result of the [[Malayan Emergency]], the two regiments were re-roled back to infantry after just a year.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date= |title=The King’s Gurkha Artillery – an historical perspective on a new Gurkha capbadge |url=https://thegurkhamuseum.co.uk/blog/gurkhagunnershistory/ |website=The Gurkha Museum |location= |publisher= |access-date=10 July 2025}}</ref>}}

== Recruitment and basic training ==
The selection process for the Gurkhas is demanding: in 2017, 230 trainee riflemen were recruited from about 25,000 applicants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.khukurihouseonline.com/Content/Gurkhas/recruiting.php|title=Recruiting|website=khukurihouseonline.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209223050/http://www.khukurihouseonline.com/Content/Gurkhas/recruiting.php|archive-date=9 February 2017}}</ref> Recruitment is run by [[British Gurkhas Nepal]]; based at [[Jawalakhel]], near [[Kathmandu]], the main recruiting centre is in the city of [[Pokhara]]. Recruitment sees the prospective soldier undergo two stages of selection; first the regional selection at either Pokhara or [[Dharan]], where the recruit undertakes a series of physical tests, written [[English language|English]] and [[numeracy]] assessments, and an [[interview]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/who-we-are/corps-regiments-and-units/brigade-of-gurkhas/gurkha-recruitment/regional-selection/ |title=Regional Selection |author= |website=Brigade of Gurkhas |publisher=British Army |access-date=8 May 2020 }}</ref> Those that pass regional selection move forward to the central selection process in Kathmandu, which sees further physical and language tests, a medical and a second interview.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/who-we-are/corps-regiments-and-units/brigade-of-gurkhas/gurkha-recruitment/central-selection/ |title=Central Selection |author= |website=Brigade of Gurkhas |publisher=British Army |access-date=8 May 2020 }}</ref>

Training for Gurkhas is conducted at the [[Infantry Training Centre (British Army)|Infantry Training Centre]] at [[Catterick Garrison]] in [[North Yorkshire]]. It lasts for 36 weeks and addresses a range of areas such as the Brigade ethos, language training, cultural training, career management and trade selection, as well as the same 26-week Combat Infantryman's Course that the Line Infantry receive. This enables the trained Gurkha soldiers to fulfill their roles on operations and continue the traditions of their forefathers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/training_education/24434.aspx|title=The British Army – Gurkha training|website=www.army.mod.uk|access-date=2016-10-27}}</ref>

In addition to running recruitment of soldiers to join the British Army, British Gurkhas Nepal also runs the recruitment process for the [[Gurkha Contingent]] of the [[Singapore Police Force]]. Recruits indicate at the registration stage whether they wish to join the Singapore Police or the British Army.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/who-we-are/corps-regiments-and-units/brigade-of-gurkhas/gurkha-recruitment/recruit-registration/ |title=Recruit Registration |author= |website=Brigade of Gurkhas |publisher=British Army |access-date=8 May 2020 }}</ref>

Although all enlisted Gurkha soldiers are recruited from Nepalese citizens in Nepal, officers in the Brigade are either selected from those who have distinguished themselves in the ranks, or are commissioned from British or Commonwealth cadets at the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]]. Officers from Sandhurst attend an intensive language course at Pokhara Camp to enable them to converse with their soldiers in the [[Nepali language]], although Gurkha soldiers are also expected to learn English.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/umbraco/Surface/Download/Get/27206 |title=The Royal Gurkha Rifles Potential Officers Guide |author= |date= |website=www.army.mod.uk |publisher=British Army |access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>

== Organisation ==
Brigade HQ is based at the former [[Staff College, Camberley]]. Two battalions of the [[Royal Gurkha Rifles]] are formed as light role infantry; they are not equipped with either armoured or wheeled vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/infantry/regiments/30364.aspx|title=The Gurkha culture|publisher=Ministry of Defence|access-date=16 May 2014}}</ref> The 1st Battalion, Royal Gurkha Rifles is based at the [[British Military Garrison Brunei|British garrison]] in [[Brunei]] as part of Britain's commitment to maintaining a military presence in SE [[Asia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/infantry/regiments/24001.aspx|title=Royal Gurkha Rifles|publisher=Ministry of Defence|access-date=16 May 2014}}</ref> The 2nd Battalion, Royal Gurkha Rifles is based at [[Shorncliffe Army Camp]], near [[Folkestone]] in [[Kent]] as part of 16 Air Assault Brigade, and is available for deployment to most areas in Europe and Africa. The 3rd Battalion, to be stationed at [[Aldershot Garrison|Aldershot]], is approximately half the size of the others, and is a so-called 'specialised infantry' battalion, serving in the [[Military advisor|training role]] as part of the [[Specialised Infantry Group]].

== Commemoration of service ==
=== London memorial ===
[[File:Gurkha Soldier Monument, London - April 2008.jpg|thumb|right|upright|A monument to the Gurkha Soldier near the Ministry of Defence in London]]
The [[Gurkha Memorial, London|British memorial to the Gurkhas]] was unveiled by Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]] on 3 December 1997. The inscription on the monument is a quotation from Sir [[Ralph Lilley Turner]], a former officer in the [[3rd Gurkha Rifles]]. It reads, "Bravest of the brave. Most generous of the generous. Never had country more faithful friends than you".

=== 200 years of service ===
A series of events took place in 2015 to mark 200 years of service by the Gurkhas in the British Army including a march past [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Events|url=http://www.gurkha200.co.uk/events/|publisher=Gurkha 200|access-date=22 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523172207/http://www.gurkha200.co.uk/events/|archive-date=2015-05-23|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gurkhas march to remember fallen comrades|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-32538630|access-date=22 May 2015|work=[[BBC News]] |date=30 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gurkha 200|url=https://www.gwt.org.uk/gurkha-200|publisher=Gurkha Welfare Trust|access-date=23 May 2015|archive-date=12 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512195741/https://www.gwt.org.uk/gurkha-200|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Other ==
Under international law, according to Protocol 1 Additions to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, Gurkhas serving as regular uniformed soldiers are not mercenaries.<ref name=mod-JW>{{cite web|last=Wither |first=James |url=http://da.mod.uk/defac/colleges/csrc/document-listings/special/05(04)-JW.doc |title=Expeditionary Forces for Post Modern Europe: Will European Military Weakness Provide an Opportunity for the New Condottieri? |website=Conflict Studies Research Centre, website of the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|MoD]] |date=January 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021003627/http://da.mod.uk/defac/colleges/csrc/document-listings/special/05%2804%29-JW.doc |page=11 |archive-date=21 October 2007}}</ref> According to Cabinet Office official histories (''Official History of the Falkland Islands'' by Sir [[Lawrence Freedman]]), Sir [[John Nott]], as Secretary of State for Defence, expressed the British Government's concern that the Gurkhas could not be sent with the task force to [[Falkland War|recapture the Falkland Islands]] because it might upset the non-aligned members of the fragile coalition of support that the British had built in the United Nations. The then-Chief of Defence Staff Sir [[Edwin Bramall]], a former officer in the 2nd Gurkhas like Nott, said that the Gurkhas were needed for sound military reasons (as a constituent part of 5th Infantry Brigade) and if they were not deployed then there would always be a political reason not to deploy Gurkhas in future conflicts. So he requested that Nott argue the case in Government for deploying them against the advice of the Foreign Office. Nott agreed to do so, commenting that the Gurkhas "would be mortified if we spoilt their chances [of going]".<ref>[[Lawrence Freedman|Freedman, Lawrence]], (2005). ''The Official History of the Falklands Campaign, Volume 2: War and Diplomacy'', Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0-7146-5207-8}}. Page 208.</ref>

===Alliances===
*{{AUS}} – [[Royal Australian Regiment|The Royal Australian Regiment]]
*{{NZL}} – [[Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment|The Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment]]
*{{BRU}} – [[Royal Brunei Land Force|The Royal Brunei Land Force]]

==See also==
*[[Gorkha regiments (India)#History|History and origin of Gurkha regiments]]
*[[List of military operations involving Gurkhas]]
*[[Queen's Truncheon]] equivalent of and carried as the [[colours and guidons|Colour]].
*[[Gorkha regiments (India)]]
*[[Gurkha Contingent]] ([[Singapore Police Force]])
*[[Gurkha Reserve Unit|Gurkha Reserve Unit (Brunei)]]

==Footnotes==
'''Notes'''
{{Notelist}}
'''Citations'''{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Parker, John (1999). ''The Gurkhas''. Headline Book Publishing. {{ISBN|0-7472-6243-8}}.

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{Official website}}
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190502192752/http://www.thegurkhamuseum.co.uk/ Gurkha Museum]}}
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080115011643/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/948gurka.htm 'Brigade of Gurkhas' in ''Land Forces of Britain, The Empire and Commonwealth'']}}

{{British Infantry}}
{{Gurkha|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Brigade of Gurkhas| ]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Berkshire]]
[[Category:Sandhurst, Berkshire]]
[[Category:Royal Gurkha Rifles]]

Richard Benyon of Madras

2026-02-12T18:23:32Z

Rudratree: Enhanced and reorganized content

{{Short description|British merchant and colonial administrator (1698–1774)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Richard Benyon
| image =
| order =
| office = President of Fort St George (Madras)
| term_start = 23 January 1735
| term_end = 14 January 1744
| lieutenant =
| predecessor = [[George Morton Pitt]]
| successor = [[Nicholas Morse]]
| birth_date = 1698
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1774
| death_place =
| party =
| spouse =
| children =
| profession =
| religion =
| signature =
}}

'''Richard Benyon''' (1698–1774) was a British merchant and colonial administrator who served as the [[President of Madras]] from 23 January 1735 to 14 January 1744.<ref name="worldstatesmen">{{cite web|title=Provinces of British India|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_BrProvinces.htm|publisher=worldstatesmen}}</ref>

== Early career ==

Benyon first arrived in [[Madras]] as a writer in 1710.<ref name="vestiges">{{cite book|title=Vestiges of Old Madras|volume=1|pages=271–335|first=H. D.|last=Love|publisher=John Murray|year=1913}}</ref> In 1718, he was nominated to the council of [[Fort St. George]] and served till 1725, when he resigned and returned to England.<ref name="vestiges" /> In 1732, he was nominated again as the second member of the council of Fort St. George.<ref name="vestiges" /> When [[George Morton Pitt]] resigned as President of Madras in 1735, Benyon, who was the most senior member in the council was appointed president in his stead.<ref name="vestiges" />

== President of Madras ==

Benyon is regarded as one of the best Presidents of early Madras. He was one of the few early governors who was not convicted of any charges.<ref name="vestiges" /> During Benyon's tenure, the city saw rapid expansion. The villages of [[Perambur]], [[Sadayankuppam]], [[Ernavore]], [[Pudupakkam]] and [[Vepery]] were acquired from the [[Nayak dynasty|Nayak]] of [[Poonamallee]] in 1739.<ref name="vestiges" />

The most important event of Benyon's tenure was the invasion of the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] who invaded [[South India]] twice, once in late 1740 and the second time, in May 1741.<ref name="talboys">{{cite book | title=Madras in the Olden Time| volume=3| last=Talboys Wheeler| first=J.| year=1861| publisher=Higginbotham & Co.| location=Madras|pages=113–294}}</ref> During the second invasion, the Maratha army under [[Raghoji Bhonsle]] invaded [[Trichinopoly]], where the Carnatic general [[Chanda Sahib]] had set up his stronghold, while another occupied [[Fort St David]], [[Porto-Novo]] and [[Sadras]].<ref name="talboys" /> However, following the successful conquest of Trichinopoly and the capture of Chanda Sahib, the Maratha troops relinquished their conquests and quickly withdrew.<ref name="talboys" /> All through this period, Benyon tried to coerce the Maratha generals by sending them presents.<ref name="talboys" /> The fortifications of Madras were strengthened and all British, [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] and [[Armenian people|Armenian]] citizens of the city were forcibly [[conscripted]].<ref name="talboys" />

== Personal life==
Benyon married twice at Fort St George, firstly to Mary Fleetwwod, daughter of Edward Fleetwood and secondly to Frances Davis, the daughter of Richard Horden and widow of Sandys Davis.<ref name= VOM>{{cite book|title=Vestiges of Old Madras|first=H.D.|last= Love|page=273}}</ref>

After his return to England, Benyon lived at [[Gidea Hall]] in [[Essex]] and [[Englefield House]] in [[Berkshire]] and married his third wife, Mary Tyssen, daughter of Rachel De Beauvoir and Francis Tyssen of Hackney, and the widow of Powlett Wright. He was the father with her of [[Richard Benyon (MP for Peterborough)|Richard Benyon]], the Peterborough MP, and grandfather of [[Richard Benyon De Beauvoir]], the philanthropist.

He died in 1774. There is a monument to him in St Margaret's Church, Margaretting, Essex.<ref name = VOM/>

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Benyon, Richard}}
[[Category:1698 births]]
[[Category:1774 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century British merchants]]
[[Category:Presidents of Madras]]
[[Category:People from Englefield, Berkshire]]
[[Category:People from Romford]]
[[Category:Benyon family|Richard]]

Guru Deshpande

2026-02-07T19:32:45Z

Rudratree: Started Initial Entry And Citations

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Indian patronymic|Guru|Deshpande}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Guru Deshpande
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter|producer}}
| relatives =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| awards =
| website =
| networth =
}}

'''Guru Deshpande''' is an Indian [[film director]], [[film producer|producer]] and [[Film distributor|distributor]], known for his work in [[Kannada film industry]]. He is well known for ''[[Raja Huli]]'' starring [[Yash (Kannada actor)|Yash]] and [[Meghana Raj]].<ref name=" oneindia.in">{{Cite news |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2013/raja-huli-beats-arrambam-krissh-3-box-office-124442.html |title=Raja Huli Beats Aarambam-Krrish3 At Bangalore Box Office |work=Entertainment One India |access-date=9 November 2013 |archive-date=25 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725081127/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/news/2013/raja-huli-beats-arrambam-krissh-3-box-office-124442.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, Guru Deshpande turned produced launching his banner G Cinemas<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/gentleman-mixes-class-and-mass-elements-guru-deshpande/articleshow/73985075.cms |title= Gentleman mixes class and mass elements| date=7 February 2020 |work= Times of India |access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref> and started a Film Institute under the name G Academy in Bengaluru.

==Career==

Guru Deshpande married Shilpa Deshpande in 2004 and they have a son. Shilpa will be debuting in films with ‘Pentagon’ under the screen name Pritika Deshpande.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/may/23/pritika-deshpandes-look-from-pentagon-anthology-revealed-24650.html |title=Pritika Deshpande's look from Pentagon anthology revealed |date=7 February 2020 |work=Cinemaexpress |access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref>

In 2012, Guru Deshpande moved back to direction with [[Yash (Kannada actor)|Yash]], [[Meghana Raj]] starrer ''[[Raja Huli]]'' and was produced by K Manju.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.chitraloka.com/news/2341-raja-huli-launched.html |title= RAJA HULI LAUNCHED |date= 5 January 2013 |work= Chitraloka |access-date= 5 January 2013 |archive-date= 8 January 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130108191119/http://www.chitraloka.com/news/2341-raja-huli-launched.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> The movie released on Kannada Rajyotsava in 2013 and got a fantastic opening at the box-office.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/raja-huli-breaks-box-office-records-in-first-week/articleshow/25582750.cms |title= Raja Huli breaks box-office records in first week |date= 11 November 2013|work= Times of India |access-date= 11 November 2013}}</ref>

[[Raja Huli]] went on to complete 119 days of successful run and was declared Blockbuster. [[Raja Huli]] completed [[Yash (Kannada actor)|Yash]]'s hat-trick success after ''[[Drama (2012 film)|Drama]]'' and ''[[Googly (2013 film)|Googly]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.chitraloka.com/news/4546-rajahuli-completes-100-days.html |title= RAJAHULI COMPLETES 100 DAYS |date= 8 February 2014 |work= Chitraloka |access-date= 8 February 2014 |archive-date= 2 March 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140302111006/http://www.chitraloka.com/news/4546-rajahuli-completes-100-days.html |url-status= dead }}</ref>

In 2014, Guru Deshpande announced ''[[Rudra Tandava|Rudratandava]]'' starring [[Chiranjeevi Sarja]] and [[Radhika Kumaraswamy]], the action film released in February 2015 to mixed response.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/radhika-is-always-laughing-guru-deshpande/articleshow/46373393.cms |title= Radhika is always laughing |date= 26 February 2015|work= Times of India |access-date= 26 February 2015}}</ref> His next project was the 2016 comedy drama [[John Jani Janardhan (2016 film)|John Jani Janardhan]] with [[Ajay Rao]], [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]] and [[Krishna (Kannada actor)|'Madarangi' Krishna]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Meet-John-Jani-Janardhan-/articleshow/51724719.cms |title= Meet John Jani Janardhan...|date= 24 January 2017|work= Times of India |access-date= 24 January 2017}}</ref>

In 2019 launched producer [[K. Manju]] son Shreyas Manju with [[Padde Huli]], the action drama had [[Nishvika Naidu]] as female lead and host of Sandalwood Superstars playing key roles.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/ravichandran-plays-a-similar-role-like-chamayya-mestru-in-padde-huli/articleshow/68689158.cms |title= Ravichandran plays a similar role like Chamayya Mestru in 'Padde Huli' |date=2 April 2019|work= Times of India |access-date=2 April 2019}}</ref>

==Production house and film school==

After working for two decades in Kannada Film Industry, director Guru Deshpande turned producer launching G Cinemas in 2019 and announced ''[[Gentleman (2020 film)|Gentleman]]'' starring [[Prajwal Devaraj]] and Gandhinagar was excited with this amazing combination.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://chitraloka.com/news/20556-first-teaser-of-gentleman-released.html |title= FIRST TEASER OF 'GENTLEMAN' RELEASED |date= 9 July 2019 |work= Chitraloka |access-date= 9 July 2019 |archive-date= 14 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210514163159/https://chitraloka.com/news/20556-first-teaser-of-gentleman-released.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> ''[[Gentleman (2020 film)|Gentleman]]'' is a crime-action film written and directed by Jadesh Kumar Hampi, Action Prince [[Prajwal Devaraj]] and [[Nishvika Naidu]] essayed the lead roles, [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]] handled background score. [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] and [[Dhruva Sarja]] released trailer on 6 January 2020 and it immediately caught audience attention.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2020/jan/07/puneeth-rajkumar-and-dhruva-sarja-unveil-prajwal-devarajs-gentleman-trailer-2085908.html |title= Puneeth Rajkumar and Dhruva Sarja unveil Prajwal Devaraj's Gentleman trailer |date=7 January 2020|work= New Indian Express |access-date=7 January 2020}}</ref>

The film's Wake Up Theme song sung by Anthony Dasan was released on 29 January 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2020/jan/27/gentleman--gives-a-wake-up-call--2094906.html |title= 'Gentleman' gives a wake-up call |date= 27 January 2020|work= New Indian Express |access-date= 27 January 2020}}</ref> Even before ''[[Gentleman (2020 film)|Gentleman]]'' movie released there was big demand in Tamil and Telugu for the remake rights.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2020/jan/13/gentleman-remake-rights-in-demand-2088721.html |title= 'Gentleman' remake rights in demand |date= 13 January 2020|work= New Indian Express |access-date= 13 January 2020}}</ref>

In 2020, Guru Deshpande launched two more movies under G Cinemas banner 'Love You Racchu' starring [[Ajay Rao]] and [[Rachita Ram]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rachita-to-romance-ajai-rao-in-love-you-rachchu/articleshow/80383392.cms |title= Rachita to romance Ajai Rao in Love You Rachchu |date= 21 January 2021|work= Times of India|access-date= 21 January 2021}}</ref> written by Shashank and directed by debutant Shankar Raj and 'Pentagon', an anthology film co-produced<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-14 |title=Director Guru Deshpande and Kaushik Izardar bankrolls the Kannada anthology film 'Pentagon' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/director-guru-deshpande-bankrolls-the-kannada-anthology-film-pentagon/articleshow/96219620.cms |access-date=2023-06-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> by Kaushik Izardar. 'Pentagon' has generated curiosity among Sandalwood fans especially for the combination of five directors Raghu Shivamoga, Chandra Mohan, [[Akash Srivatsa]], Kiran Kumar and Guru Deshpande. Manikanth Kadri will be composing the music, cinematography is handled by Kiran Hampapur and Abhilash Kallathi, and edited by Venkatesh UDV.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/film-pentagon-characters-from-the-first-story-of-the-5-part-anthology-to-be-unveiled-tomorrow/articleshow/81291672.cms |title= Film 'Pentagon': Characters from the first story of the 5-part anthology to be unveiled tomorrow |date=2 March 2021|work= Times of India |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref> His next project will be the much awaited sports drama ‘Thackeray’ expected to go on floors soon.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/makers-of-thackeray-look-for-a-new-face/articleshow/76684499.cms?from=mdr |title= Makers of Thackeray look for a new face |date= 29 June 2020|work= Times of India |access-date= 29 June 2020}}</ref>

After donning the hats of director and producer Guru Deshpande launched G Academy, Institute of Cinema and Entertainment in 2019. Well known Sandalwood directors Dayal Padmanabhan, 'Jatta' Giriraj, Satyaprakash, 'Bahaddur' Chethan Kumar are among faculty at the film school.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.chitraloka.com/news/20754-guru-deshpande-starts-g-academy.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210725081108/https://www.chitraloka.com/news/20754-guru-deshpande-starts-g-academy.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 25 July 2021 |title= Guru Deshpande Starts G Academy |date= 6 August 2019 |work= Chitraloka |access-date= 6 August 2019 }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date= January 2023}}
{|class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
|Denotes as yet unreleased films
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Direction
! Producer
! Writer
! Actor
! scope="col" rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2008 ||''Varasdhara''||{{yes}}
|{{no}} || {{partial|Screenplay}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2013 ||''[[Raja Huli]]''||{{yes}}
|{{no}} ||{{partial|Screenplay}}||{{no}} ||
|-
| 2015 ||''[[Rudra Tandava]]''||{{yes}}
| {{no}} ||{{partial|Screenplay}} ||{{no}} ||
|-
| 2016 ||''[[John Jani Janardhan (2016 film)|John Jani Janardhan]]''||{{yes}}
|{{no}} ||{{partial|Screenplay}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2018 ||''[[Samhaara]]''||{{yes}}
| {{no}} ||{{partial|Screenplay}} || {{no}} ||
|-
| 2019 ||''[[Padde Huli]]''||{{yes}}
|{{no}} ||{{partial|Screenplay}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
|2020||''[[Gentleman (2020 film)|Gentleman]]'' ||{{no}} || {{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Love You Rachchu]]''
|{{no}}
| {{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|2022||''[[Ombattane Dikku]]'' || {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
| 2023 ||''[[Pentagon (film)|Pentagon]]''||{{yes}}
| {{yes}} || {{partial|Creative Head}} || {{no}} || Anthology film; segment ''Karma''
|-
| 2025 ||! scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;"|''Thackeray'' {{Dagger}}|| {{yes}}
|{{no}} ||{{partial|Screenplay}} ||{{no}} ||
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb name|5875315 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guru Deshpande}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kannada film directors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Film directors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Kannada screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:1980 births]]

Kabir Kohli

2026-02-05T18:10:20Z

Rudratree: made some stub initial version

{{Short description|Indian association football goalkeeper}}
{{notability|1=Sport|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Kabir Kohli
|image =
|fullname =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|2000|3|4|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[India]]
|height =
|position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]]
|currentclub = [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]
|clubnumber =
|youthyears1 =
|youthclubs1 =
|years1 = 2019–2020
|clubs1 = [[CD Olímpic de Xàtiva|Olímpic de Xàtiva]]
|caps1 = 0
|goals1 = 0
|years2 = 2020–2021
|clubs2 = CD Llosa
|caps2 = 17
|goals2 = 0
|years3 = 2021–
|clubs3 = [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]
|caps3 = 1
|goals3 = 0
|club-update =
}}

'''Kabir Kohli''' (born 4 March 2000) is an Indian [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]] for [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]. Besides India, he has played in Spain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thepatriot.in/2019/08/30/living-the-spanish-dream/|title=Living the Spanish dream|date=30 August 2019|publisher=thepatriot.in|access-date=2 May 2022|archive-date=5 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605220432/https://thepatriot.in/2019/08/30/living-the-spanish-dream/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/a-candid-chat-with-delhi-boy-kabir-kohli/cid/1841516|title=A candid chat with Delhi boy Kabir Kohli|publisher=telegraphindia.com|access-date=2022-05-02|archive-date=2022-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502081106/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/a-candid-chat-with-delhi-boy-kabir-kohli/cid/1841516|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsclick.in/interview-kabir-kohli-signed-spanish-football-club-cd-olimpic-de-xativa-420-grams-shorts|title=Interview with Kabir Kohli|date=28 August 2019 |publisher=newsclick.in|access-date=2022-07-11|archive-date=2022-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711102137/https://www.newsclick.in/interview-kabir-kohli-signed-spanish-football-club-cd-olimpic-de-xativa-420-grams-shorts|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/hindustan-city/story-gurugram-boy-kabir-nath-will-play-in-spanish-football-club-2756695.html|title=स्पैनिश फुटबॉल क्लब में खेलेगा गुरुग्राम का लड़का|publisher=livehindustan.com|access-date=2022-07-11|archive-date=2022-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721160619/https://www.livehindustan.com/hindustan-city/story-gurugram-boy-kabir-nath-will-play-in-spanish-football-club-2756695.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.theprint.in/india/first-indian-footballers-to-debut-in-3rd-division-league-in-spain/82227/|title=तीन भारतीय युवा फुटबॉल खिलाड़ी जो स्पेन की थर्ड डिवीजन लीग में पहली बार करेंगे डेब्यू|date=29 August 2019 |publisher=hindi.theprint.in|access-date=2022-07-11|archive-date=2022-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721160621/https://hindi.theprint.in/india/first-indian-footballers-to-debut-in-3rd-division-league-in-spain/82227/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/kabir-kohli-becomes-first-indian-to-be-invited-for-training-with-bayern-munich-b-team-31637674571788.html|title=প্রথম ভারতীয় হিসেবে বায়ার্ন মিউনিখ 'বি' দলের সঙ্গে ট্রেনিং করে ইতিহাস গড়লেন কবীর কোহলি|date=23 November 2021 |publisher=nangla.hindustantimes.com|access-date=2022-07-11|archive-date=2022-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711102121/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/kabir-kohli-becomes-first-indian-to-be-invited-for-training-with-bayern-munich-b-team-31637674571788.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Career==

In 2019, Kohli signed for Spanish fourth tier side [[CD Olímpic de Xàtiva|Olímpic de Xàtiva]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Three Indian footballers set to play for Spanish third division club|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/three-indian-footballers-set-to-play-for-spanish-third-division-club-5949011/lite/|access-date=27 April 2021|website=indianexpress.com|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date=29 August 2019|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427095632/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/three-indian-footballers-set-to-play-for-spanish-third-division-club-5949011/lite/|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> from Sudeva Moonlight.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://golsmedia.com/comunidad-valenciana/futbol/cd-olimpic-xativa/2019/10/04/kabir-kohlis-asi-es-portero-indio-cd-olimpic/|title=abir Kohli's: así es el portero indio del CD Olímpic|date=4 October 2019 |publisher=golsmedia.com|access-date=2022-07-11|archive-date=2022-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711102122/https://golsmedia.com/comunidad-valenciana/futbol/cd-olimpic-xativa/2019/10/04/kabir-kohlis-asi-es-portero-indio-cd-olimpic/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/7-indian-footballers-who-are-playing-abroad|title=7 Indian footballers who are playing abroad|publisher=sportskeeda.com|access-date=2022-07-11|archive-date=2022-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711102122/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/7-indian-footballers-who-are-playing-abroad|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/three-sudeva-fa-players-spain-bound/article29272916.ece|title=Three Sudeva FA players Spain-bound|newspaper=The Hindu |date=27 August 2019 |publisher=thehindu.com|access-date=2022-07-11|archive-date=2022-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711102837/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/three-sudeva-fa-players-spain-bound/article29272916.ece|url-status=live|last1=Kaur |first1=Anant }}</ref> In 2020, he signed for CD Llosa of [[Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Valencian Community|Regional Preferente de la Comunidad Valenciana]].<ref>{{LaPreferente|291462}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://es.besoccer.com/noticia/kabir-kohli-del-olimpic-de-xativa-al-bayern-de-munich-1072486|title=Kabir Kohli, del Olímpic de Xàtiva al Bayern de Múnich [Kabir Kohli, from Olímpic de Xàtiva to Bayern Munich]|website=es.besoccer.com|publisher=Be Soccer|access-date=27 November 2021|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125193446/https://es.besoccer.com/noticia/kabir-kohli-del-olimpic-de-xativa-al-bayern-de-munich-1072486|language=es|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, he signed for Indian club [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]] after trialing for the reserves of [[FC Bayern Munich|FC Bayern]] in the German [[Bundesliga]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CWlKkKYhJxP/?hl=en|title=A product of Sudeva Delhi FC's academy, young Kabir Kohli's trial was taken by Tom Starke, the head of goalkeeping at FC Bayern Munich's youth teams|access-date=2022-07-11|archive-date=2022-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721160619/https://www.instagram.com/p/CWlKkKYhJxP/?hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiDqdq3Hkfs|title=Kabir Kohli Selected For Bayern Munich Fc - Indian Footballer Kabir Kohli To Bayern Munich|website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=2022-07-11|archive-date=2022-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711102123/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiDqdq3Hkfs&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> On 25 April 2022, Kohli debuted for [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]] during a 1–0 win over [[TRAU FC|TRAU]].<ref>{{Soccerway|809554}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Indian football players in foreign leagues]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Soccerway|809554}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kohli, Kabir}}
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Men's association football goalkeepers]]
[[Category:CD Olímpic de Xàtiva footballers]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Spain]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in Spain]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Sudeva Delhi FC players]]
[[Category:Tercera División players]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{India-footy-goalkeeper-stub}}

Maval Lok Sabha constituency

2026-02-03T17:29:46Z

Rudratree: done...

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Maval
| constituency_no = 33
| map_image ={{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Maharashtra/Maval.map}}
| map_caption = Maval Lok Sabha Constituency map
| established = 2008–present<ref name=delimit/>
| party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| mp = [[Shrirang Barne]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| electors =25,85,018 (2024)
| district = [[Pune district|Pune]] and [[Raigad district|Raigad]]
| assembly_cons = [[Panvel Assembly constituency|Panvel]] [[Karjat Assembly constituency|Karjat]] [[Uran Assembly constituency|Uran]] [[Maval Assembly constituency|Maval]] [[Chinchwad Assembly constituency|Chinchwad]] [[Pimpri Assembly constituency|Pimpri]]
| preceded_by = [[Gajanan Babar]]
| reservation = None
}}
'''Maval Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 48 [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house of the Indian Parliament) constituencies in [[Maharashtra]] state in [[western India]]. This constituency was created on 19 February 2008 as a part of the implementation of the presidential notification based on the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] constituted on 12 July 2002.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Delimitation-to-set-new-equations/articleshow/4214806.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023170046/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-03/pune/28001345_1_assembly-constituencies-assembly-seats-maval|url-status=live|archive-date=23 October 2012|title=Delimitation to set new equations|author=Yadav, Radheshyam|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=3 March 2009}}</ref> It first held elections in 2009 and its first Member of Parliament (MP) was [[Gajanan Dharmshi Babar|Gajanan Babar]] of [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]. Since 2014 election, [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]'s [[Shrirang Barne]] has served as the MP.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Banerjee |first=Shoumojit |date=2019-05-23 |title=The Pawars retain Baramati but crash in Maval |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/the-pawars-retain-baramati-but-crash-in-maval/article27218761.ece |access-date=2024-04-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Maval Lok Sabha constituency comprises six [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These segments are:<ref name=delimit>{{cite web|url=https://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/Downloads/Notification%20_English.pdf|page=24|title=Delimitation Commission of India Notification|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra|accessdate=8 November 2014}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
! No
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan=2 |Leading {{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|188
|[[Panvel Assembly constituency|Panvel]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Raigad District|Raigad]]
|[[Prashant Thakur]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|-
|189
|[[Karjat Assembly constituency|Karjat]]
|[[Mahendra Thorve]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|190
|[[Uran Assembly constituency|Uran]]
|[[Mahesh Baldi]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
|204
|[[Maval Assembly constituency|Maval]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Pune District|Pune]]
|[[Sunil Shelke]]
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|rowspan=3}}
|-
|205
|[[Chinchwad Assembly constituency|Chinchwad]]
|[[Shankar Jagtap]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
|206
|[[Pimpri Assembly constituency|Pimpri]] (SC)
|[[Anna Bansode]]
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Till 2008 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Gajanan Dharmshi Babar|Gajanan Babar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Shrirang Barne]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Maval]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-14 |title=मावळ लोकसभा मतदारसंघात ५४.८७ टक्के मतदान, उरण विधानसभा मतदारसंघात सर्वाधिक मतदान |url=https://www.lokmat.com/raigad/5487-percent-polling-in-maval-lok-sabha-constituency-highest-polling-in-uran-assembly-constituency-a-a583/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref>}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Shiv Sena|candidate=[[Shrirang Barne]]|votes=6,92,832|percentage=48.81|change={{down}}3.84}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|candidate=Sanjog Waghere Patil|votes=5,96,217|percentage=42.00|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi|candidate=Madhavitai Naresh Joshi|votes=27,768|percentage=1.96|change={{decrease}}3.59}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Rajaram Patil|votes=14,003|percentage=1.0|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=16,760|percentage=1.18|change={{up}}0.03}}
{{Election box majority||votes=96,615|percentage=6.81|change={{down}}8.96}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=14,20,227|percentage=54.92|change={{down}}4.67}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =Shiv Sena
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Maval]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Shiv Sena
| candidate = [[Shrirang Barne]]
| votes = 7,20,663
| percentage = 52.65
| change = +9.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Nationalist Congress Party|candidate=Parth Ajit Pawar|votes=5,04,750|percentage=36.87|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi|candidate=Rajaram Patil|votes=75,904|percentage=5.55|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=15,779|percentage=1.15|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Adv. Sanjay Kisan Kanade|votes=10,197|percentage=0.74|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=2,15,913|percentage=15.77|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=13,69,456|percentage=59.59|change=-0.52}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Shiv Sena
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Maval]]<ref name=turnout>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210941/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|archivedate=2 July 2014|title=Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election - 2014|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|accessdate=2 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1333.htm?ac=33 |title=Maharashtra - Maval|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=19 May 2014|archivedate=19 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519225338/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1333.htm?ac=33}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = [[Shrirang Barne|Shrirang Chandu Barne (Appa)]]
|votes = 5,12,223
|percentage = 43.62
|change = -7.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Peasants and Workers Party of India
|candidate = [[Laxman Pandurang Jagtap]]
|votes = 3,54,829
|percentage = 30.22
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = [[Rahul Narvekar (politician)|Rahul Suresh Narwekar]]
|votes = 1,82,293
|percentage = 15.52
|change = -24.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Maruti Bhapkar|Maruti Sahebrao Bhapkar]]
|votes = 30,566
|percentage = 2.60
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Bhimaputra Texas Gaikwad
|votes = 25,982
|percentage = 2.21
|change = -0.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 11,186
|percentage = 0.95
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,57,394
|percentage = 13.40
|change = +2.17
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,74,335
|percentage = 60.11
|change = +15.40
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Shiv Sena
|swing = -7.22
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Maval]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|title=Constituency Wise Detailed Results |page=96|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=30 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|archivedate=11 August 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = [[Gajanan Babar]]
|votes = 3,64,857
|percentage = 50.84
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Azam Pansare
|votes = 2,84,238
|percentage = 39.61
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Umakant Mishra
|votes = 20,455
|percentage = 2.85
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Maruti Bhapkar]]
|votes = 8,760
|percentage = 1.22
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 80,619
|percentage = 11.23
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,17,616
|percentage = 44.71
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Shiv Sena
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Khed Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Pune district]]
* [[Raigad district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20191007051715/https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/maharashtra/maval/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Maval lok sabha constituency election 2019 results details]

{{Raigad district}}
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|18.8|73.4|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maval Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra created in 2008]]
[[Category:Politics of Pune district]]
[[Category:Politics of Raigad district]]

Dilip Chandra Nath

2026-01-26T22:28:45Z

Rudratree: Started First Page Initial Version - done

{{orphan|date=July 2025}}
{{Short description|Indian academician and professor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}

'''Dilip Chandra Nath''' is an [[India|Indian]] academician and professor. He is a [[Emeritus|emeritus professor]] and honorary advisor at [[Royal Global University]] (officially established as The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty Dilip Nath|url=https://www.rgu.ac/faculty-dilip-nath|access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> He previously served as the vice chancellor of [[Assam University]], Silchar (a central University), India from 2016 to 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam university gets full time VC | url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/assam-university-gets-full-time-vc/cid/1410822 |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref> Before taking the position of a vice chancellor at Assam University, he was a professor of statistics at [[Gauhati University]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dilip Chandra Nath | url= https://www.icmr.gov.in/icmrobject/custom_data/1705488570_dr_dilip_chandra_nath.pdf |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The united graduate school of agricultural science | url= http://www.aus.ac.in/iqac/wp-content/uploads/sites/88/2019/11/MoU-between-AUS-and-The-United-Graduate-School-of-Veterinary-Sciences-Gifu-University-on-18-07-2017.pdf
|access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
He completed his bachelor's degree in 1972 from [[Gauhati University]], and M.Sc in 1975 in Mathematical Statistics from [[Delhi University]]. He pursued PhD from [[Banaras Hindu University]]. He was a visiting scholar during 1991-93 at [[Duke University]], USA and visiting Scientist during 1997-98 at the [[University of Washington]], USA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty Dilip Nath|url=https://www.rgu.ac/faculty-dilip-nath|access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Zo39HIEAAAAJ&hl=en Google Scholar Profile]

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nath, Dilip Chandra}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]

{{India-academic-bio-stub}}

Bikram, Bihar

2026-01-21T10:18:37Z

Rudratree: Started New Info First Draft - done

{{Short description|Indian town in Patna district, Bihar}}
{{For|disambiguation|Bikram (disambiguation){{!}}Bikram}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bikram
| other_name = Sangrampur
| settlement_type = Patna
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.450|N|84.867|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Patna district|Patna]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 801104
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| registration_plate =
| website = {{URL|patna.nic.in}}
{{URL|paliganjtimes.com}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Magadhi language|Magadhi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
}}

'''Bikram''' is a town and [[Community development block|block]] in [[Paliganj]] sub-division ([[tehsil]]) of [[Patna district]] in the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Bihar]].<ref>[http://www.servinghistory.com/topics/Bikram,_Patna servinghistory.com]</ref>

==Politics==
Bikram assembly constituency is part of [[Pataliputra Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.indiastudychannel.com/india/loksabha/635-Pataliputra.aspx | title = General Election 2009 Assembly constituencies | access-date = 2009-05-20 | work = Pataliputra| publisher = India elections.co.in| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090424091118/http://www.indiastudychannel.com/india/loksabha/635-Pataliputra.aspx| archive-date= 24 April 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref>

[[Bikram Assembly constituency]] covers Naubatpur and Bikram community development blocks, and Kaoria, Bindaul, Kunwa, Machchhalpur Lai, Yamunapur, and Taranagar [[gram panchayat]]s of Bihta Community Development Block.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://eci.nic.in/delim/Draft/Bihar/Order%20&%20Notification_English_.pdf | title = Order No. 48, 2007| access-date = 2010-05-04 | last = | first = | work = | publisher = Delimitation Commission of India }}</ref>

==List of villages==
The list of villages in ''Bikram'' [[Community development block|Block]] (under [[Paliganj]] [[Tehsil]]) is as follows: (GP is [[Gram Panchayat]]).

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Village
!Area (hectare)
!Population (in 2011)
|-
|1
|Akhtiarpur (GP)
|
|3,346
|-
|2
|Amwa
|
|838
|-
|3
|Anharipur
|
|568
|-
|4
|Arap (GP)
|
|6,979
|-
|5
|Baghakol
|
|1,804
|-
|6
|Baigawan
|
|891
|-
|7
|Baliari
|
|2,486
|-
|8
|Baliari
|
|988
|-
|9
|Bara
|
|1,776
|-
|10
|Barah (GP)
|
|7,364
|-
|11
|Barda
|
|1,517
|-
|12
|Bauwan
|
|596
|-
|13
|Beni Bigha (GP)
|
|2,330
|-
|14
|Berar
|
|3,052
|-
|15
|Beri
|
|960
|-
|16
|Bhadsara
|
|1,424
|-
|17
|Birdhaur
|
|3,702
|-
|18
|Chandni
|
|345
|-
|19
|Chandri
|
|617
|-
|20
|Chauthia
|
|1,192
|-
|21
|Chichourha
|
|1,005
|-
|22
|Chihunta
|
|2,146
|-
|23
|Danara Katari (GP)
|
|3,200
|-
|24
|Datiana (GP)
|
|10,313
|-
|25
|Donrapur
|
|1,251
|-
|26
|Dullahpur
|
|836
|-
|27
|Faridpur
|
|1,130
|-
|28
|Girwari Tola
|
|433
|-
|29
|Gona
|
|3,500
|-
|30
|Gopalpur
|
|1,008
|-
|31
|Gopalpur
|
|1,636
|-
|32
|[[Gorakhri|Gorakhari]] (GP)
|
|11,347
|-
|33
|Gulami Chak
|
|1,002
|-
|34
|Habaspur Gona (GP)
|
|2,893
|-
|35
|Harpur
|
|1,404
|-
|36
|Hathsar
|
|461
|-
|37
|Jamalpur
|
|1,983
|-
|38
|Janpara
|
|1,765
|-
|39
|Kanpa
|
|3,194
|-
|40
|Katari
|
|2,032
|-
|41
|Karsa
|
|550
|-
|42
|Lahladpur
|
|2,047
|-
|43
|Mahajpura (GP)
|
|3,039
|-
|44
|Mahammadpur
|
|2,033
|-
|45
|Majhanpura
|
|767
|-
|46
|Majhauli
|
|4,281
|-
|47
|Maner Telpa (GP)
|
|5,234
|-
|48
|Math Baliari
|
|398
|-
|49
|Milki
|
|961
|-
|50
|
|
|2,835
|-
|51
|Naghar (GP)
|
|3,926
|-
|52
|Nasirpur
|
|1,059
|-
|53
|Painapur
|
|1,927
|-
|54
|Pakrandha
|
|2,040
|-
|55
|Patut (GP)
|
|9,111
|-
|56
|Raghunathpur
|
|3,026
|-
|57
|Rahi
|
|665
|-
|58
|Saidabad
|
|3,730
|-
|59
|Sangrampur
|
|1,800
|-
|60
|Sarwan
|
|930
|-
|61
|Shahjahanpur
|
|1,216
|-
|62
|Shahpur
|
|767
|-
|63
|Shivgarh
|
|1,819
|-
|64
|Sikaria
|
|601
|-
|65
|Sundarpur
|
|1,012
|-
|66
|Tari
|
|764
|-
|67
|Wazirpur (GP)
|
|6,929
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}{{Patna Division}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Patna district]]

{{Patna-geo-stub}}

Biraul, Bihar

2026-01-20T21:14:37Z

Rudratree: data

{{short description|Subdivision in Bihar, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
'''Biraul''' is the subdivision,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=1718&parenttype=B&ptype=V |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130702103226/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=1718&parenttype=B&ptype=V |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 July 2013 |title=Village Panchayat Names of Dumri Biraul, Darbhanga, Bihar |work=National Panchayat Directory |publisher=[[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] |accessdate=23 May 2013 }}</ref> of [[Darbhanga District]]. It consists of six [[Community development block|blocks]] of [[Darbhanga district]] in [[Bihar]], [[India]]. The blocks are Biraul, [[Ghanshyampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ghanshyampur]], [[Gaura Bauram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gorabauram]], [[Kiratpur, Bihar|Kiratpur]], [[Kusheshwar Asthan]] and [[Kusheshwar Asthan East]]. This region covers the south-eastern part of Darbhanga district.

The headquarters building is planned to be constructed in the Mauza area of the [[Uchhati]] village. A new road is planned to be constructed to link [[Darbhanga]] and [[Saharsa]] nearby. Biraul is also a [[railhead]]. A new rail line (36 km) has been constructed from the [[Sakri, Bihar|Sakri]] junction to Biraul.<ref>{{cite news |title=Railways proposes 550 km of new lines |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Railways-proposes-550-km-of-new-lines/articleshow/1426995.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122833/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-02-24/india/27824198_1_new-lines-railways-muzaffarpur |url-status=live |archive-date=29 June 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 February 2006 }}</ref> The line was inaugurated in 2008. Three passenger trains run on this line every 24 hours.

The constituent college J. K. College Biraul is located here.Dumri Biraul also has two petrol pump stations, an agricultural farm of the state government, a veterinary hospital, a high school (Onkar High English School, Supaul Bazar) and an old middle school, and a government hospital.

There are 26 village [[Panchayati raj|panchayats]] in Biraul block. The suburban villages are Dumri,Uchhati, Hati, Akbarpur Benk, Balia, Karkauli, Bangarahatta, and Hanuman Nagar.

A new road is planned to be constructed from Hatikothi to Gandaul (13 km). The [[Bihar chief minister|Bihar Chief Minister]] [[Nitish Kumar]] has inaugurated this road and a bridge on the [[Kamala River|Kamala river]] at Kothram recently.{{when|date=February 2018}} This road is planned to be a part of Darbhanga-Saharsa road. After completion of this road the distance between Biraul and Saharsa will be only 40 km (compared with the present distance of over 100 km). The distance between Darbhanga and Saharsa will also be reduced to 86 km. The State Highway 56 of Bihar passes through Biraul, connecting Darbhanga and Kusheshwasthan.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Bihar}}

[[Category:Villages in Darbhanga district]]

{{Darbhanga-geo-stub}}

Vishwakarma community

2026-01-19T12:07:51Z

Rudratree: new initial stub w/ sources...

{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{short description|Hindu artisan caste}}
The '''Vishwakarma''' community are a social group of India, sometimes described as a [[Caste system in India|caste]]. They claim to be [[Brahmin]] or of high-status in the caste hierarchy, although these claims are not generally accepted outside the community. The community comprises five subgroups{{mdash}}[[carpenter]]s, [[blacksmith]]s, [[bronze]] smiths, [[goldsmith]]s and [[stonemasons]]{{mdash}} claiming to be descendants of [[Vishvakarma]], a Hindu deity.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Streefkerk|first=Hein|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_L3edKpCmm4C&pg=PA103|title=Industrial Transition in Rural India: Artisans, Traders, and Tribals in South Gujarat|publisher=Ramdas Bhatkal, Popular prakasham Pvt Ltd|year=1985|isbn=0861320670|location=Bombay|page=103}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=R.De|first1=Ridder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQcVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA161|title=The Leiden Tradition in Structural Anthropology.|last2=J.A.J|first2=Karremans|publisher=E.J Brill|year=1987|isbn=9004085173|location=Netherlands}}</ref>

== Origin myths ==

The community claims to be descended from the god [[Vishvakarma]], who is considered by Hindus to be the divine architect or engineer of the universe. He had five children — [[Manu (child of Vishwakarma)|Manu]], [[Mamuni Mayan|Maya]], [[Tvastar]], Shilpi and Visvajna — and these are believed by the Vishwakarma community to have been the forebears of their five subgroups, being respectively the [[gotra]]s (clans) of blacksmiths, carpenters, bell metalworkers (metal casters), stonemasons and goldsmiths.<ref name="Varghese" /> It is not known whether these five subgroups historically practised [[endogamy]], which is a frequently-found feature of the Indian caste system.<ref name="Ramaswamy">{{cite journal |title=Vishwakarma Craftsmen in Early Medieval Peninsular India |first=Vijaya |last=Ramaswamy |journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |volume=47 |issue=4 |year=2004 |pages=548–582 |jstor=25165073 |doi=10.1163/1568520042467154 |issn=0022-4995}} {{subscription required}}</ref>

The [[origin myth]]s of the Vishwakarma community were first consolidated in the early 18th century, during the [[Colonial India|British colonial rule]]. These myths were compiled in the ''Vishwakarma Puranam'', whose original manuscript is undated but was most probably created in the mid-17th or 18th century.{{sfn|Vijaya Ramaswamy|2008|p=277}} According to a popular myth recorded in the ''Vishwakarma Puranam'', the five children of the god Vishwakarma served the gods as artisans, and possessed the ability to create things by simply visualising them. They had conserved their ''[[vīrya (Hinduism)|veerya]]'' by being celibates, and lived in a fort on the coast of Ilangapuri ([[Sri Lanka]]).{{sfn|Vijaya Ramaswamy|2008|pp=287-288}} The fort was made of [[lodestone]], and the enemy weapons thrown at it were stuck to its walls, rendering it invincible. Their chief enemy was Karunakaran, a vassal of the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] emperor. In order to defeat the Vishwakarmas, Karunakaran planted many beautiful women (Brahmin women according to some versions of the legend) in the fort. These women married the Vishwakarmas, thus destroying their spiritual power, and learned the secret that a certain type of poisonous grass could be used to burn up the fort. Using this secret, the enemy blew up the fort, and the Vishwakarmas were scattered in various areas, where they were forced to work as artisans and craftsmen for mortal humans.{{sfn|Vijaya Ramaswamy|2008|p=288}}

== History ==
While many sources refer to the five subgroups of the Vishwakarma as artisans, historian Vijaya Ramaswamy<ref>{{cite web |title=Vijaya Ramaswamy {{!}} Jawaharlal Nehru University - Academia.edu |url=https://jnu.academia.edu/VijayaRamaswamy |website=jnu.academia.edu |access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> believes that the Vishwakarma of the medieval period should be distinguished as craftsmen, arguing that "... while every craftsman was an artisan, every artisan was not a craftsman". Ramaswamy notes that the socio-economic and geographic stability of a medieval village-based maker of [[plough]]s differed considerably from that of the various people who banded together as Vishwakarma and lived a relatively itinerant lifestyle that was dependent on the "temple economy" that waxed and waned as dynasties such as the [[Vijayanagar Empire]] were formed and disintegrated. The latter group, who did work in proximity to each other while constructing and embellishing temples, had opportunities for socio-economic advancement but also bore the risks of withdrawal of patronage and changes in religious focus.<ref name="Ramaswamy" />

== Position in society ==
In [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]] they come under [[Other Backward Class]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH|url=https://bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Central Government list of OBC - Telangana|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvZW9%2FwXcIbxcNal%2FTghxZUuV7adcx5Bs1cEGdzKqq0GufcXEZAUTq0}}</ref><ref>[https://www.deccanherald.com/content/558541/reconfiguring-obc-politics-up.html Reconfiguring OBC politics in UP - Deccan Herald]</ref>

In [[Kerala]], the Vishwakarmas have claimed a higher social status for many years, and believe that the trades which they traditionally follow are superior to the work of a manual labourer because they require artistic and scientific skills as well as those of the hand. According to George Varghese, their claim to high status is "one of the mainstays of Vishwakarma identity" in what is otherwise a fragmented, incoherent community that has often suffered from internal differences of opinion.<ref name="Varghese">{{cite journal |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=38 |issue=45 |date=8–14 November 2003 |pages=4794–4802 |first=George |last=Varghese K. |title=Globalisation Traumas and New Social Imaginary: Visvakarma Community of Kerala |jstor=4414253}}</ref> Their claim has been voiced by Edava Somanathan, a member of the community and its only historian in the written word. Somanathan's works, according to Varghese, "... are written from a pro-community perspective. Therefore, there are a lot of exaggerations and [[Anti-Brahminism|anti-brahmin]] tirades in Kerala". Somanathan argues that the artisanal groups were a part of the [[Indus Valley civilisation]], pre-dating the arrival of Brahmins and their caste-based division of society. He claims implausible achievements are evidenced in both the arts and sciences during that egalitarian pre-Brahmin era, including the construction of aeroplanes.<ref name="Varghese" />{{fcn|date=July 2023}}

This claim to Brahmin status is not generally accepted outside the community, despite their assumption of some high-caste traits, such as wearing the [[sacred thread]], and the Brahminisation of their rituals. For example, the sociologist [[M. N. Srinivas]], who developed the concept of [[sanskritisation]], juxtaposed the success of the [[Lingayat]] caste in achieving advancement within [[Karnataka]] society by such means with the failure of the Vishwakarma to achieve the same. Their position as a [[Idangai|left-hand caste]] has not aided their ambition.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, Themes and Theory |first=Aya |last=Ikegame |chapter=Karnataka: Caste, dominance and social change in the 'Indian village' |editor1-first=Peter |editor1-last=Berger |editor2-first=Frank |editor2-last=Heidemann |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |page=128 |isbn=9781134061112 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBgLb8XIGR8C&pg=PA128}}</ref> They have been included in the list of [[Other Backward Class]]es in some states of India.<ref>[http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/CentralListStateView.aspx Central List of OBCs]</ref>

==List of castes==
The following castes are considered to be members of the Vishwakarma community :

* [[Lohar (caste)|Lohar]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&dq=lohar+vishwakarma&pg=PA1520 |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |page=1519 |year=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 }}</ref>
* [[Suthar]]<ref name=agg>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COcwoYRCYhcC&dq=Suthar+sutar+vishwakarma&pg=PA160 |title=Educational and Social Uplift of Backward Classes |page=160 |author=SP Aggrawal, JC Aggrawal |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1991 |isbn=978-81-7022-339-9}}</ref>
* [[Khati]]<ref name=pasw>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GulBDMgxcU0C&dq=Khati+vishwakarma&pg=PA218 |page=218 |title=Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India: Emancipation and empowerment |publisher=Kalpaz Publications |editor=Sanjay Paswan, Jaideva Paramanshi|year=2002|isbn=978-81-7835-269-5 }}</ref>
* [[Tarkhan]]<ref name=pasw/>
* [[Sutradhar]]<ref name=pasw/>

== Synonyms ==

=== Tamil Nadu ===
The Tamil Vishwakarmas are locally known as [[Kammalan|''Kammalar'']], although they prefer to be known as Vishwakarma. They are divided into the ''Kannar'' (brass-workers), ''Kollar'' (blacksmiths), ''Tattar'' (goldsmiths), ''Tatchar'' or ''Suthar''/''Sutar''<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EjORKo7maRUC&dq=Suthar+carpenter&pg=PA135 |editor=AM Shah |publisher=Taylor&Francis |page=135 |title=The Structure of Indian Society |year=2012|isbn=978-1-136-19770-3 }}</ref> (carpenters) and ''Kartatchar'' (sculptor), Vishwa Brahim.<ref name="Ramaswamy2007">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC&pg=PA107|title=Historical dictionary of the Tamils|last=Ramaswamy|first=Vijaya|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8108-5379-9|pages=107–108|access-date=16 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Backward Classes approved by Government of Tamil Nadu|url=https://bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm|website=}}</ref>

=== Karnataka ===
The Vishwakarma caste of south [[Karnataka]] is composed of several sub-castes: Kulachar, Uttaradi (goldsmiths), Matachar (founders), Muulekammaras, and Chikkamanes. Sub-castes do intermarry, and have a hierarchy among themselves.<ref name="gold">{{cite book |editor1-first=A. W. |editor1-last=van den Hoek |editor2-first=D. H. A. |editor2-last=Kolff |editor3-first=M. S. |editor3-last=Oort |title=Ritual, State, and History in South Asia: Essays in Honour of J. C. Heesterman |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtwtSZwyWpgC&pg=PA433 |pages=442–455 |publisher=BRILL |first=Jan |last=Brouwer |chapter=The Latecomers: A case study of caste and sub-caste of goldsmiths in Karnataka, South India|year=1992 |isbn=9004094679 }}</ref>{{vs|date=June 2013}}

=== Andhra Pradesh & Telangana ===
In Andhra they are known as Viswa brahmin or Viswakarma (Ausula or Kamsali, Kammari, Kanchari, Vadla or Vadra or [[Vadrangi]] and Silpi)<ref>{{Cite web|title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH|url=https://bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Central Government list of OBC - Telangana|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvZW9%2FwXcIbxcNal%2FTghxZUuV7adcx5Bs1cEGdzKqq0GufcXEZAUTq0}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bhuee clan]]
* [[Panchal]]
* [[Tarkhan]]
* [[Daksha]]
* [[Great Architect of the Universe]]
* [[Vishwakarma Puja]] (Vishwakarma Jayanti)
* [[Kami (caste)]]
* [[Lohar (caste)|Lohar]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Vijaya Ramaswamy |chapter=Traditional Crafts, Technology, and Society in Pre-Colonial Peninsular India |editor=Rajat Datta |title=Rethinking a Millennium: Perspectives on Indian History from the Eighth to the Eighteenth Century |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2H4PGhFB9ScC&pg=PA277 |year=2008 |publisher=Aakar Books |isbn=978-81-89833-36-7 }}
{{ref end}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite book |first=Jan |last=Brouwer |chapter=The Visvakarma Worldview |title=Prakriti: The Integral Vision |volume=1 (Primal Elements: The Oral Tradition) |editor-first=Baidyanath |editor-last=Saraswati |year=1995 |publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-246-0037-6 |url=http://ignca.nic.in/ps_01011.htm}}
*{{cite book |first=Jan |last=Brouwer |chapter=The Story of the Magnetic Fort |title=The Leiden Tradition in Structural Anthropology: Essays in Honour of P.E. de Josselin de Jong |editor1-first=Rob |editor1-last=de Ridder |editor2-first=Jan A. J. |editor2-last=Karremans |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |year=1987 |isbn=9789004085176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQcVAAAAIAAJ}}
*{{cite book |first=Jan |last=Brouwer |title=The Makers of the World: Caste, Craft and Mind of South Indian Artisans |url=https://archive.org/details/makersofworld00brou |url-access=registration |location=Delhi |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1995|isbn=978-0-19-563091-6 }}
*{{cite book|first=John Duncan Martin |last=Derrett |title=Essays in Classical and Modern Hindu Law: Dharmaśāstra and related ideas |url=https://archive.org/details/essaysinclassica0001derr |url-access=registration |year=1976 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-04475-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/essaysinclassica0001derr/page/45 45]–46}}
*{{cite book |first=Vijaya |last=Ramaswamy |chapter=Traditional Crafts, Technology, and Society in Pre-colonial Peninsular India |editor-first=Rajat |editor-last=Datta |title=Rethinking a Millennium: Perspectives on Indian History from the Eighth to the Eighteenth Century : Essays for Harbans Mukhia |publisher=Aakar Books |location=Delhi |year=2008 |isbn=9788189833367 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2H4PGhFB9ScC&pg=PA275}}

[[Category:Blacksmith castes]]
[[Category:Carpenter castes]]
[[Category:Goldsmith castes]]

Pakka Saharana

2026-01-17T14:44:23Z

Rudratree:

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}

'''Pakka Saharana''' is a village of the [[Hanumangarh district]] in [[Rajasthan]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of western [[India]]. The town of [[Hanumangarh]] is the district headquarters.
Pucca Saarna divided into two chaks - 24 LLW-A & 24 LLW-B and the total population of this village is approx 10000.

==Village Profile==
The village is located in the extreme north of Rajasthan. The major work of the village is farming; major crops include [[Pearl millet|bajra]], [[cotton]], [[wheat]], and vegetables.

Earlier it was in Sri Ganganagar District and then came in Hanumangarh when Hanumangarh was made as district on 12 July 1994 from [[Sri Ganganagar district]] because Earlier [[Hanumangarh]] was one of the [[Tehsil]]s of [[Sri Ganganagar district]].
[[Punjab National Bank]] and [[Rajasthan Marudhara Gramin Bank]] fulfills all the banking needs of the village.

==Education==
The village has 2 Government Higher Secondary Schools separately for Boys and Girls, one Government Middle School and two Government Primary Schools.
There are also a number of Non Government Schools for Middle, and Secondary Education.

==Schools==
* Govt. Sr. Secondary School
* Govt. Sr. Secondary School (Girls)
* Govt. Primary School
* Govt. Middle School
* Govt. Primary School, 24 LLW-B
* Vishwa Bharti Bal Mandir Senior Secondary school, 24 LLW-B
* MDS Senior Secondary School

==Hospitals==

* Govt. [[Community Health Centre]]
* Govt. [[Ayurvedic]] [[Health Centre]]
* Govt. [[Veterinary]] [[Hospital]]

==Language==
[[Bagri language|Bagri]],<ref>[[Lakhan Gusain]] 2000. Bagri. Munich: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 384)</ref> a dialect of [[Rajasthani language]], is spoken by majority of population. [[Hindi]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] are also in use in this village.

==External links==


* [http://maps.google.co.in/maps?hl=en&q=pacca+saharana,+hanumangarh&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Pacca+Saharana,+Hanumangarh,+Rajasthan&gl=in&ll=29.679552,74.160504&spn=0.021961,0.038581&z=15 Full Featured map of Pakka Saharana]
* [https://www.panoramio.com/user/4196625/tags/Pacca%20Saharana Photos of Pakka Saharana]
* [http://wikimapia.org/13865177/Pacca-Saharana-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE Pakka Saharana on Wikimapia]

==How to Reach==
Pakka Saharana is located at 18 km far from [[Hanumangarh]] and 42 km. From [[Sri Ganganagar]].
[[RSRTC]] provides Public Transit through the village in every 7 Minutes approximately.
Nearest Inter State Bus Terminus in [[Hanumangarh]]. The Village has access to the nearest local railway station Hirnawali and Inter State Railway Station is [[Hanumangarh]].
Direct bus services available from most major cities like [[Delhi]], [[Jaipur]], [[Udaipur]], [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] etc. (ask for departing city to [[Sri Ganganagar]] via [[Hanumangarh]] route.)
One can take direct bus to [[Delhi]], [[Jaipur]], [[Udaipur]], [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] etc. from the village.

[[National Highway 54 (India)|NH54 (National Highway No 54)]] crossing this village and [[National Highway 954 (India)|NH954 (National Highway No 954)]] starting from this village.

==References==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090429195052/http://hanumangarh.nic.in/ Hanumangarh district Official website]
{{reflist}}

{{coord|29.67955|N|74.16050|E|type:landmark_source:enwiki|display=title}}
{{Hanumangarh district}}

[[Category:Villages in Hanumangarh district]]

Vempati Chinna Satyam

2026-01-12T13:56:09Z

Rudratree: new the pg from scratch

{{Short description|Indian Kuchipudi dancer (1929–2012)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vempati Chinna Satyam
| image = CSATYAM.JPG
| image_size = 200px
| birth_name = Vempati Chinna Satyanarayana
| birth_date = {{Birth date |df=yes|1929|10|15}}
| birth_place = [[Kuchipudi, Krishna|Kuchipudi]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2012|07|29|1929|10|25}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| occupation = [[Classical Indian Dancer]]
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]: 1998 [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]: 1967
| website = http://www.kuchipudi.com
}}
'''Vempati Chinna Satyam''' (15 October 1929 – 29 July 2012) was an Indian dancer and a guru of the [[Kuchipudi]] dance form.

Chinna Satyam was born in a [[Brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Jul 30, 2012|title=Dance guru Chinna Satyam passes away {{!}} Hyderabad News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/dance-guru-chinna-satyam-passes-away/articleshow/15261890.cms|access-date=2022-01-16|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> at [[Kuchipudi, Krishna|Kuchipudi]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He was taught by Vedantam Lakshmi Narayana Sastry. He refined his art by learning from Sri Tadepally Perrayya Sastry and later was trained by his elder brother Vempati Pedda Satyam in expressions. As he learnt the nuances of this style of dance, he was successful in propagating the Kuchipudi dance form all over the world. He died of old age-related problems on 29 July 2012. He was 83.

==Dance==
Chinna Satyam sublimated and systematised Indian Kuchipudi dance, giving it a more classical basis. He refined the art form, bringing it closer to the standards of ''[[Natya Shastra]]'' and introduced new elements, e.g. chari (leg movements) of Natya Shastra that are significantly different from the interpretations of other dance authorities, such as Padma Subrahmanyam. Previously, it had been considered a "rustic" (folk) form of dance.<ref name="pinaki"/>

{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
! Operas
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| ''Padmavati Srinivasa Kalyanam''
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| ''Vipranarayana Charitam''
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| ''Menaka Viswamitra''
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| ''Sakuntalam''
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| ''Bhama Kalapam''
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| ''Chandalika''
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| ''Rukmini Kalyanam''
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| ''Hara Vilasam''
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| ''Siva Dhanurbhangam (Ramayanam)''
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
|- 'Ardha Nareeswaram''
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
|- ''Sri Pada Parijatham (Annamayya) ''
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
|- ''Kiraatarjuneeyam''
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
|- ''Gopika Krishna''
|}

==Kuchipudi Art Academy==

Chinna Satyam started the Kuchipudi Art Academy at [[Madras]] in 1963. The Academy has to its credit more than 180 solo items and 15 dance dramas composed and choreographed by Satyam. These solo items and dramas have been staged all over India and abroad. He composed his first dance drama ''Sri Krishna Parijatham'' in the same period followed by another hit ''Ksheera Sagara Madanam'' and played the lead role. His portrayal of Lord [[Shiva]] and his choreography was well received.

He has trained many stalwarts in the Kuchipudi Dance form. Bala Kondala Rao, Shoba Naidu, Rathna Kumar, Manju Bhargavee, Vyjayanthimala, Hema Malini, Sasikala Penumarti are among his prime disciples who spread his legacy in the dance field.

==Awards and honours==

Vempati Chinna Satyam was conferred with many titles and awards such as "Sangeet Peeth of Bombay", "Asthana Natyacharya of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam", "T.T.K. Memorial Award" by [[Madras Music Academy]], "Natya Kalasaagara of Waltair", "[[Sri Raja-Lakshmi Foundation|Raja-Lakshmi Award]] of Madras", "[[Kalaprapoorna]]" from [[Andhra University]], "Natya Kala Bhushana of Guntur", "Bharatha Kalaprapoorna of Hyderabad", D. Litt. from [[Sri Venkateswara University]], "Asthana Natyacharya of Pittsburgh", and "National Award from [[Sangeet Natak Akademi|Central Sangeet Naatak Akademi]], New Delhi". He was awarded by many state governments of India such as Kalidas Puraskar by the [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Kalaimamani]] by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. He was honored with a doctorate degree from Andhra University. He was also awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] by the [[Government of India]].<ref name="pinaki">{{cite news|last=Majumdar|first=Pinaki|title=Kuchipudi maestro in choreography classic|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1021111/asp/jamshedpur/story_1373162.asp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203132201/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1021111/asp/jamshedpur/story_1373162.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2013|access-date=15 May 2012|newspaper=Calcutta Telegraph|date=11 November 2002}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}3. '''In praise of Guru Vempati Chinna Satyam''' https://narthaki.com/info/profiles/profl142.html August 4, 2012{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1990–99}}
{{SangeetNatakAkademiFellowship}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vempati Chinna Satyam}}
[[Category:Indian male dancers]]
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Kuchipudi dancers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:People from Krishna district]]
[[Category:Dancers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Educators from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]

Kaatrin Mozhi (TV series)

2025-12-28T15:08:07Z

Rudratree: added intro based on references and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Tamil television drama}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kaatrin Mozhi.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| channel = [[Star Vijay]]
| runtime = Approx. 22 minutes
| writer =
| producer = Rajavelu, Thillainathan
| director = Ramkumar Dass D.F Tech
| creative_director =
| editor = Raj Anandh
| cinematography = A.Ramesh Kumar D.F Tech
| company =
| starring = Priyanka Jain Manoharan Krishnan
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 331
| first_aired = {{Start date|2019|10|07|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2021|04|09|df=y}}
| image_alt =
| creator =
| list_episodes =
| network =
| released =
| based_on =
| related = ''Mounaraagam'' ([[Telugu language|Telugu]])
}}
'''''Kaatrin Mozhi''''' ({{Translation|''Language of the Wind''}}) is a 2019 Indian-[[Tamil language]] [[Tamil television drama|drama]] television series that aired on [[Star Vijay]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kaatrin-mozhi-crosses-100-episodes-actors-priyanka-chandhini-prakash-and-sanjeev-karthick-thank-fans-for-the-love/articleshow/74334845.cms |title=Kaatrin Mozhi crosses 100 episodes; Actors Priyanka, Chandhini Prakash and Sanjeev Karthick thank fans for the love - Times of India |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 February 2020 |location=India |access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil-serial-news-vijay-tv-kaatrin-mozhi-serial-santhosh-kanmani-176720/ |title=காற்றின் மொழி: காதலிச்ச வேகத்திலேயே இப்படி வெறுத்து ஒதுக்கலாமா? |date=2020-03-14 |website=Indian Express Tamil |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |location=India |language=ta-IN |access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref> It premiered on 7 October 2019 and ended on 9 April 2021 after 331 episodes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kaatrin Mozhi goes off air; Sanjeev Karthick, Premi Venkat and others thank fans|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kaatrin-mozhi-goes-off-air-sanjeev-karthick-premi-venkat-and-others-thank-fans/articleshow/82000893.cms|website=The Times of India |date=10 April 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Vijay TV, Sun TV: விஜய் டிவி பிரபலத்தின் நடிப்பில் சன் டிவி-யில் புதிய சீரியல்|url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-raja-rani-sanjeev-karthick-new-serial-kayal-in-sun-tv-scs-506487.html|website=CNN News 18 |date=16 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-10-07 |title=Sanjeev Karthick's Kaatrin Mozhi to premiere on October 7 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sanjeev-karthicks-kaatrin-mozhi-to-premiere-on-october-7/articleshow/71481900.cms |access-date=2023-06-17 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The show stars Priyanka Jain and [[Sanjeev Karthick|Sanjeev]] as well as Manoharan. It is an official remake of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] serial ''[[Mounaraagam (Telugu TV series)|Mounaraagam]]'', which aired on [[Star Maa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winters |first=Bryce J. |date=2019-09-15 |title=Kaatrin Mozhi new Vijay Tv Serial with 'Raja Rani' fame Sanjeev Karthick in lead |url=https://thenewscrunch.com/kaatrin-mozhi-new-vijay-tv-serial-with-raja-rani-fame-sanjeev-karthick-in-lead/4828/ |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=TheNewsCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> Priyanka M Jain reprises her role in both versions.

==Plot==
The story revolves around a girl called Kanmani, who has been rejected by her father all her life and as a result, yearns for his affection. Her father Subbu makes her mother Rajeshwari take poison while pregnant because he feels that he cannot afford to pay for another daughter. As a result, Kanmani is born [[Muteness|mute]]. Kanmani does all the household works and also goes house to house selling milk. Consequently, she meets a city boy called Santhosh who follows her daily and remembers her as the child who saved him from a car crash in his childhood. Kanmani only longs for the affection of her cold and distant father and is oblivious to the love bestowed on her by Santhosh.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Priyanka Jain as Kanmani, Subbu and Rajeshwari's daughter, Aishwarya and Raja's sister
** Ahana Sharma as Young Kanmani (2019)
* Manoharan Krishnan as Subburaj "Subbu", Kanmani's father
* [[Sanjeev Karthick]] as Santhosh, Kalyani's son, Priya's brother, Deepika's cousin
* Vikram Shri as Shiva<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-30 |title=Popular Vijay TV hero re-entry with Kaatrin Mozhi serial - Official |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/popular-vijay-tv-hero-re-entry-with-kaatrin-mozhi-serial-official.html |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

=== Recurring ===
* [[Anila Sreekumar]] / Sripriya as Rajeshwari, Subbu's wife, Kanmani, Raja and Aishwarya's mother
* Swapna Tresa /Premi Venkat as Kalyani, Santhosh and Priya's mother, Raja's mother-in-law, Deepika's aunt, Venkatesh's sister.
* Priyanka as Priya, Santosh's sister, Raja's wife
* Sunitha as Aishwarya, Kanmani's elder sister, Rajesh's wife
* Durairamachandran Suresh as Rajeshekaran "Rajesh", Aishwarya’s husband
*Lokesh as Raja, Kanmani's brother, Priya’s husband
*Srilekha Rajendran as Ganthimathi, Subbu's mother, Kanmani's grandmother
* Androos Jesdas as Venkatesh, Kalyani's brother
* Akila /Dharani as Akhila Venkatesh, Venkatesh's wife, Deepika’s mother
*Chandini Prakash as Deepika, Venkatesh's daughter, Santhosh's lover - who is obsessed with him
* Guru Aravind as Maaran, Santhosh’s cousin brother, a police officer
* Ashok as Gurumoorthy, Kalyani's brother in law, Maaran's father
* Vaishnavi Rajasekaran as Rosy, Kanmani's best friend
* Sai Gopi as Selvam, Kanmani's uncle
* Yogi as Chidambaram

==Adaptations==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Language
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Title
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Original release
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Network(s)
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Last aired
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Notes
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''[[Mounaraagam (Telugu TV series)|Mounaraagam]]'' మౌన రాగం
| 16 September 2018
| [[Star Maa]]
| 30 January 2020
| Original
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''Mounaragaa''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/tv-serial-mounaraaga-completes-100-episodes/articleshow/68890317.cms|title=TV serial Mounaraaga completes 100 episodes|website=The Times of India}}</ref> ಮೌನ ರಾಗ
| 17 December 2018
| [[Star Suvarna]]
| 14 June 2019
| rowspan="5" |Remake
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''Kaatrin Mozhi'' காற்றின் மொழி
| 7 October 2019
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 10 April 2021
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''[[Mounaragam (Malayalam TV series)|Mounaragam]]'' മൗനരാഗം
| 17 December 2019
| [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
| Ongoing
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''[[Mulgi Zali Ho]]'' मुलगी झाली हो
| 2 September 2020
| [[Star Pravah]]
| 14 January 2023
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| ''[[Teri Laadli Main]]'' तेरी लाडली मैं
| 5 January 2021
| [[Star Bharat]]
| 22 April 2021
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|12397886|Kaatrin Mozhi}}

{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}

[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:2019 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2021 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television series based on Telugu-language television series]]
[[Category:Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]

Jahanara Shahnawaz

2025-12-16T09:27:19Z

Rudratree: further expanded formatting and corrected details

{{Short description|Pakistani politician and women's activist}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jahanara Shahnawaz
| image =
| alt = A picture of Jahanara Shahnawaz
| caption =
| office2 = Member of the [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]]
| termstart2 = 10 August 1947
| termend2 = 24 October 1954
| constituency2 = Lahore District
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1896|04|07}}
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| death_date ={{Death date and age|df=yes|1979|11|27|1896|04|07}}
| death_place = Pakistan
| nationality = Pakistani
| other_names =
| known_for = [[Pakistan Movement]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| father = [[Muhammad Shafi (politician)|Sir Muhammad Shafi]]
| spouse = [[Mian Shah Nawaz]]
| children = [[Mumtaz Shahnawaz]] [[Nasim Jahan]]
}}
Begum '''Jahanara Shahnawaz''', also known as ''Jehan Ara Shah Nawaz'' (7 April 1896 – 27 November 1979), was a prominent activist and politician in [[Punjab]], active before and after the [[independence]] of [[Pakistan]].

==Family background and education==
Jahanara Shahnawaz belonged to the prominent [[Arain]] [[Mian family of Baghbanpura]] in Lahore. Her father [[Sir Muhammad Shafi]] was a prominent lawyer and politician.<ref>{{citation |first=Syed Asif Ali |last=Rizvi |title=Mian Muhammad Shafi: An Analytical Study of his Activities and Achievements (1869—1932) |journal=South Asian Studies |publisher=University of Punjab |volume=10 |number=1 |date=January 1993 |pages=87– |id={{ProQuest|1308976142}}}}
</ref>

She was educated at [[Queen Mary College, Lahore]].<ref name=TFT/><ref name="admin">{{cite web|url=http://storyofpakistan.com/begum-shah-nawaz|title=Profile of Begum Shah Nawaz|website=Storyofpakistan.com website|date=1 June 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705042935/https://storyofpakistan.com/begum-shah-nawaz|archive-date=5 July 2019|access-date=2 March 2023}}</ref> A dedicated member of the [[All India Muslim League]], she was also a leading advocate for women's rights.<ref name="Shamsie2015">{{cite book |author=Muneeza Shamsie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82NFCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |title=And the World Changed: Contemporary Stories by Pakistani Women |date=11 July 2015 |publisher=Feminist Press at The City University of New York |isbn=978-1-55861-931-9 |pages=5–}}</ref> She was the daughter of Sir [[Muhammad Shafi (politician)|Muhammad Shafi]] and the wife of [[Mian Shah Nawaz|Mian Muhammad Shahnawaz]] whom she married in 1911.<ref name=TFT/><ref name="admin" />

==Political career==
In 1918, Jahanara Shahnawaz successfully moved the All India Muslim Women's Conference to pass a resolution against [[polygamy]].<ref name="admin"/> In 1935, she founded the Punjab Provincial Women's Muslim League.<ref name="admin"/> In the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conference]] of 1930, she and [[Radhabai Subbarayan]] were the only two active members of women's organisations nominated to the conference; they argued unsuccessfully for a 5 per cent reservation for women in the legislatures.<ref name=TFT/><ref name="Ghosh2012">{{cite book|author=Partha S. Ghosh|title=The Politics of Personal Law in South Asia: Identity, Nationalism and the Uniform Civil Code|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lwPgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA234|date=23 May 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-70512-0|pages=234–}}</ref>

In 1937, she was elected to the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] and was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Education, Medical Relief and Public Health.<ref name="admin"/> In 1938 she became a member of the Women's Central Subcommittee of the All India Muslim League.<ref name="admin"/> In 1942 India's government appointed her as a member of the National Defense Council, but the Muslim League asked League members to resign from the Defense Council.<ref name="admin"/> She refused and was thus removed from the Muslim League.<ref name="admin"/> However, she rejoined the League in 1946, and in that same year was elected to the Central Constituent Assembly.<ref name="admin"/> That year she also went along with [[M. A. Ispahani]] on a goodwill mission to America, to explain the point of view of the Muslim League.<ref name="admin"/> She was arrested along with other Muslim League leaders during the [[Civil disobedience movement]] in Punjab in 1947.<ref name=TFT/><ref name="admin"/>

In 1948, she led a protest of thousands of women in the streets of [[Lahore]], protesting against the fact that a bill encouraging better economic opportunities for women had been removed from the agenda.<ref name="Burki2013">{{cite book|author=Shireen Burki|title=The Politics of State Intervention: Gender Politics in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZqaAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA22|date=22 August 2013|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-8433-2|pages=22–}}</ref> Prime minister [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] intervened, and the Muslim Personal Law of Shariat of 1948 was passed; it legally recognized a woman's right to inherit property, including agricultural land, which had not been recognized during the [[British Raj]].<ref name="Burki2013"/>

She was president of the provincial branch of the All India Muslim Women's Conference for seven years, and also served as vice-president of the Central Committee of the All India Muslim Women's Conference.<ref name="admin"/>

She was the first woman in Asia to preside over a legislative session.<ref name=Dawn>{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/882736/pakistan-day-women-at-the-forefront|title=Pakistan Day: Women at the forefront|newspaper=Dawn (newspaper)|date= 21 March 2010|access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref>
She was also associated with the education and orphanage committees of the [[Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam]], in Lahore, and with several hospitals, as well as maternity and child welfare committees.<ref name="admin"/> She was a member of the All Indian General Committee of the [[Red Cross Society]].<ref name="admin"/>

==Books==
Jahanara Shahnawaz wrote a novel titled ''Husn Ara Begum'' and her memoirs titled ''Father and Daughter: a political autobiography''.<ref name=TFT>{{cite news|url=http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/leading-from-the-front-march-1947/|title=Leading from the front (March, 1947)|newspaper=The Friday Times newspaper|date=1 June 2018|access-date=23 March 2025|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617023226/http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/leading-from-the-front-march-1947/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>''Father and Daughter: a political autobiography''. Lahore: Nigarishat, 1971. Also: Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2002 0195796462</ref><ref name="NelsonRouse2000">{{cite book|author1=Cynthia Nelson|author2=Shahnaz J. Rouse|title=Situating Globalization: Views from Egypt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DO7sAAAAMAAJ&q=Begum+Jahanara+Shahnawaz|page=133 and 156|year=2000|publisher=Transcript|isbn=978-3-933127-61-7}}</ref> She also wrote for women's and literary magazines.<ref name=TFT/>

==Death and legacy==
Jahanara Shahnawaz died on 27 November 1979 at age 83.<ref name="admin"/> She had three children: Ahmad Shahnawaz Sr., a chemical engineer and the first Indian to attend [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), [[Nasim Shahnawaz]] (Nasim Jahan), who married General [[Akbar Khan (Pakistani general)|Akbar Khan]] and later became a politician of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]], and [[Mumtaz Shahnawaz]], who died in a plane crash in 1948 while on her way to the [[United Nations General Assembly]] to represent Pakistan there.<ref name=Dawn/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.begumshahnawaz.com/life.html|title= Life & Times of Begum Shahnawaz| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023114540/http://www.begumshahnawaz.com/life.html |archive-date=23 October 2019|access-date=2 March 2023}}</ref>

Jahanara Shahnawaz worked for the economic independence of Pakistan. She was of the view that the foreign policy of Pakistan should be based on trade among nations and not aid.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.dawn.com/news/771342/economic-freedom-for-pakistan-vital | title=Economic freedom for Pakistan vital | newspaper=Dawn | location=Pakistan | date=14 December 2012 | access-date=30 November 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mian Family Baghbanpura]]
* [[Arain]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.begumshahnawaz.com/index.html Begumshahnawaz.com]
Hasan, Md. Mahmudul (2025) "Jahanara Shahnawaz: South Asian politician, feminist and writer." Prothom Alo English, 13 Dec 2025. https://en.prothomalo.com/opinion/1rtvo7sv8j

{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128222043/http://www.begumshahnawaz.com/index.html |date=28 November 2019 }}
{{Pakistan Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shahnawaz, Jahanara, Begum}}
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Pakistan Movement activists]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani women politicians]]
[[Category:Mian family]]
[[Category:Queen Mary College, Lahore alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Politicians from Lahore]]
[[Category:Activists from Lahore]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:Arain]]