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Sundaram Master (film)

2026-05-07T23:02:05Z

RowenaGlenny3: Put up a stub

{{Short description|2024 Indian Telugu film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sundaram Master
| image = Sundaram Master film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Kalyan Santhosh
| screenplay =
| story = Kalyan Santhosh
| writer =
| producer = [[Ravi Teja]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/news-sundaram-master-ravi-teja-turns-producer-for-his-next-with-harsha-chemudu-details-inside-stst-3048795 | title=Ravi Teja unveils first look poster of his next, Sundaram Master: Deets inside|website=[[DNA India]] }}</ref> Sudheer Kumar Kurru
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Harsha Chemudu]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994607292/Viva-Harsha-Takes-the-Lead-in-Sundaram-Master | title=Viva Harsha Takes the Lead in Sundaram Master|website=India Herald }}</ref>
* [[Divya Sripada]]
* [[Harsha Vardhan]]
}}
| cinematography = Deepak Yaragera
| editing = Karthik Vunnava
| music = [[Sricharan Pakala]]
| studio = RT Team Works Goal den Media
| released = {{Film date|2024|02|23|df=yes}}
| runtime = 121 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Sundaram Master''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]] [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by Kalyan Santhosh. It was produced by [[Ravi Teja]] and Sudheer Kumar Kurru under RT Team Works and Goal den Media. It stars [[Harsha Chemudu]], [[Divya Sripada]] and [[Harsha Vardhan]] in lead roles.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

==Plot==
{{More plot|date=August 2024}}
In the village of Miryalametta, Sundar Rao arrives as an English teacher with a hidden agenda. The villagers' reactions to him and the outcome of his mission are central mysteries of the movie.

==Cast==

* [[Harsha Chemudu]] as Sundar Rao
* [[Divya Sripada]] as Myna
* [[Harsha Vardhan]] as MLA
* Balakrishna Neelakantapuram as Peddayya
* Bhadram
* Chaitanya as Oja

==Production==
A first look of the film was unveiled by [[Ravi Teja]] on 22 June 2023.{{cn|date=September 2024}} On 15 February 2024, the trailer was released by [[Chiranjeevi]].{{cn|date=September 2024}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ntvenglish.com/movie-news/sundaram-master-trailer-an-interesting-treasure-hunt.html | title=Sundaram Master Trailer: An interesting treasure hunt – NTV ENGLISH |website=[[NTV (India)]] | date=15 February 2024 }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack and [[background score]] were composed by [[Sricharan Pakala]]. [[Divo (record label)|Divo]] acquired the audio rights.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/sun-sun-sundaram-master-from-sundaram-master/QCNGXR9fBGA | title=Sun Sun Sundaram Master (From "Sundaram Master") (Full Song & Lyrics) - Sun Sun Sundaram Master (From "Sundaram Master") - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |website=[[JioSaavn]]| date=13 February 2024 }}</ref>{{cn|date=September 2024}}

{{Soundtrack
| headline = {{center|{{big|''Sundaram Master'' track listing}}}}
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Sun Sun Sundaram Master
| length1 = 3:02
| lyrics1 = Kittu Vissapragada
| extra1 = [[Baba Sehgal]]
}}

==Release==

The film had a theatrical release on 23 February 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/sundaram-master-gets-a-new-release-date | title=Sundaram Master Gets a New Release Date |website=[[Film Companion]]| date=31 January 2024 }}</ref>

==Reception==
''[[123 Telugu]]'' gave the film 2.5/5 stars and stated that Sundaram Master delivers laughs with Harsha Chemudu's performance, but suffers from a thin plot and weak screenplay.{{cn|date=September 2024}} Paul Nicodemus of ''[[India Times]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and stated that Sundaram Master balances humor and heartfelt drama in an office setting, with strong performances, visuals, and music, despite some narrative flaws.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/sundaram-master/movie-review/107928953.cms | title=Sundaram Master Movie Review : A Journey into Life's Simplicity and Cultural Diversity | newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> Bhavana Sarvepalli of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave the film 3/5 stars and wrote that Sundaram Master delivers captivating storytelling with skillful cinematography and commendable background score.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/sundaram-master-movie-review-harsha-chemudus-one-man-show-is-worth-a-watch-review-107931067 | title=Sundaram Master Movie Review: Harsha Chemudu's One-Man Show is Worth a Watch|website=[[Times Now]] | date=23 February 2024}}</ref> Bhargav Chaganti from ''[[NTV Telugu]]'' gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and stated that The transition from the villager's innocence and Sundaram Master's pursuit to the sudden insertion of a social message appeared abrupt and disjointed to viewers.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/sundaram-master-review-harsha-chemudus-sundaram-master-movie-review-and-rating-542994.html | title=Sundaram Master Review: వైవా హర్ష 'సుందరం మాస్టర్' రివ్యూ!|language=Telugu | trans-title=Sundaram Master Movie Review|website=[[NTV Telugu]] | date=23 February 2024}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated that "Sundaram Master may not be flawless, but it is an earnest indie film that encourages viewers to live more consciously".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sundaram-master-telugu-movie-review-harsha-chemudus-portrayal-enhances-director-kalyan-santhoshs-indie-style-narrative/article67878031.ece | title='Sundaram Master' movie review: Harsha Chemudu's portrayal enhances director Kalyan Santhosh's indie-style narrative | newspaper=The Hindu | last1=Dundoo | first1=Sangeetha Devi }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|28181729}}

{{Portal bar|India|Film}}
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2024 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]

Mohammad Iman Hascarya Kusumo

2026-05-05T20:20:41Z

RowenaGlenny3: created initial details more to come...

{{Short description|Indonesian Ambassador to Malaysia}}

{{Infobox Officeholder
| name = Mohammad Iman Hascarya Kusumo
| image = DUBES RI UNTUK MALAYSIA IMAN KUSUMO.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Iman Hascarya Kusumo
| order = 19th
| office = Indonesian Ambassador to Malaysia
| president = [[Prabowo Subianto]]
| term_start = 8 October 2025
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Hermono]]
| successor =
| birth_date = 18 May 1968
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party =
| spouse =
| children = 2 children
| alma_mater = Newbury College
| honorific_suffix = [[List of state and federal honors of Malaysia#Negeri Sembilan|DPTJ]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Malay honorary title|The Honorable Dato]]
| bodyclass =
}}

'''[[Raden]] [[Datuk|Dato]] Mohammad Iman Hascarya Kusumo''' or '''Iman Kusumo''' (born 18 May 1968) is an Indonesian diplomat, businessman, and politician who currently serves as the Ambassador of the Republic of Indonesia to Malaysia.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |last=Lestarini |first=Ade |date=17 October 2025 |title=Melanglang Buana dari Dunia Bisnis ke Diplomasi |url=https://www.metrotvnews.com/read/bzGCRP5m-melanglang-buana-dari-dunia-bisnis-ke-diplomasi |access-date=2 February 2026 |work=Metrotvnews}}</ref>He was appointed on October 8, 2025, by Prabowo Subianto along with nine other ambassadors based on Presidential Decree No. 112/P of 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Setuningsih |first=Novianti |date=8 October 2025 |title=Profil Iman Kusumo, Eks TKN Prabowo-Gibran yang Dilantik Jadi Dubes RI untuk Malaysia |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2025/10/08/16315131/profil-iman-kusumo-eks-tkn-prabowo-gibran-yang-dilantik-jadi-dubes-ri-untuk |access-date=2 February 2026 |work=Kompas}}</ref>

== Education and Personal Information ==
Iman was born in Jakarta on May 18, 1968.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rusmadi |first=Muhammad |date=17 October 2025 |title=Dubes RI untuk Malaysia Iman Kusumo, dari Dunia Bisnis ke Dunia Diplomasi |url=https://rm.id/baca-berita/internasional/285617/dubes-ri-untuk-malaysia-iman-kusumo-dari-dunia-bisnis-ke-dunia-diplomasi |access-date=2 February 2026 |work=Rakyat Merdeka}}</ref> Iman completed his bachelor's degree in business management at [[Newbury College (United States)|Newbury College]], Boston in 1994.<ref name="auto"/> He married a Malaysian citizen and received the title Dato' from his grandfather-in-law, who held the title [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Andini |first=Raiza |date=6 July 2025 |title=Calon Dubes Raden Iman Hascarya Tinggal Lama di Malaysia, Istri Cucu Dipertuan Agung X |url=https://rmol.id/politik/read/2025/07/06/672279/calon-dubes-raden-iman-hascarya-tinggal-lama-di-malaysia-istri-cucu-dipertuan-agung-x |access-date=2 February 2026 |work=RMOL.ID}}</ref> Iman married in 2000 to the granddaughter of Ja'afar from Negeri Sembilan and has two children. In 2004, he received the title Darjah Paduka Tuanku Ja'afar (DPTJ) or Dato' from Ja'afar in 2004.<ref name="auto"/>

== Career ==
Iman interned and worked at Mitsui Chemicals in Chiba and Freeport Mc Moran in Timika.<ref name="auto"/> In 1997, Iman returned to Indonesia after completing his studies at Newbury College.<ref name="auto"/>

He was a member of the Young Presidents' Organization Indonesia chapter from 2004 to 2011. In addition, Iman also served as chairman of the Indonesian Polo Association from 2007 to 2019, which brought him together with Prabowo Subianto as the founder of the Nusantara Polo Club. Iman is also a member of the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.<ref name="auto"/> Iman has served as Deputy Treasurer of the Central Executive Board (DPP) of the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra) since 2019 to the present.<ref name="auto"/> He was also Deputy Treasurer of Prabowo Subianto's campaign team in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election and will serve in the same position again in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Setuningsih |first=Novianti |title=Profil Iman Kusumo, Eks TKN Prabowo-Gibran yang Dilantik Jadi Dubes RI untuk Malaysia |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2025/10/08/16315131/profil-iman-kusumo-eks-tkn-prabowo-gibran-yang-dilantik-jadi-dubes-ri-untuk |access-date=2 February 2026 |work=Kompas}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kusomo, Mohammad Iman Hascarya}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Raaz Ki Baat

2026-05-02T08:44:01Z

RowenaGlenny3: Adding details

{{ai-generated|date=May 2026}}
{{Short description|1962 Indian Hindi-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Raaz Ki Baat
| image = Raaz Ki Baat.jpeg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Bolton C. Nagi
| producer = N. A. Yusuf
| story= Bolton C. Nagi
| screenplay = C. L. Kavish
| starring = [[Sujit Kumar]] [[Simi Garewal]] [[Abhi Bhattacharya]]
| music = Robin Banerjee
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Zainab Pictures
| distributor =Al-Sabah International
| released = {{Film date|1962}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Raaz Ki Baat''''' ([[Hindi]] for ''A Secret Matter'') is a 1962 Indian Hindi-language mystery-drama film directed by Bolton C. Nagi.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indiancine.ma/ALFV/info |title=Raaz Ki Baat |publisher=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> Produced by N. A. Yusuf with story by the director, screenplay and dialogue by C. L. Kavish, and music by [[Robin Banerjee]], it stars [[Sujit Kumar]], [[Simi Garewal]], and [[Abhi Bhattacharya]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.kinorium.com/371062/ |title=Raaz Ki Baat (1962) |publisher=Kinorium}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dejascene.com/movies/view/raaz-ki-baat |title=Raaz Ki Baat |publisher=Dejascene}}</ref > The film revolves around family tensions and mistrust triggered by a brutal assault on a family member.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/movie/raaz-ki-baat-1 |title=Raaz Ki Baat |publisher=Indian Film History}}</ref>

The film’s prominence arises from the role it played in the career paths of its lead stars. For Sujit Kumar, who would go on to become the first superstar of Bhojpuri films,<ref>{{cite web |title=Happy Birthday, Sujit Kumar! The first superstar of Bhojpuri films was first approached by THIS director |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/happy-birthday-sujit-kumar-the-first-superstar-of-bhojpur |publisher=Times of India |date=2022-02-07 |access-date=2026-01-26}}</ref> ''Raaz Ki Baat'' marked the film where he made his debut role as a lead actor in a Hindi film. Simi Garewal, who would go on to become a director, producer, talk show hostess, and lead actress, made her debut in Hindi films in 1962 with the films ''Raaz Ki Baat'' and ''[[Son of India (1962 film)| Son of India]]''.<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Son of India (1962 film)| publisher = Bollywood Hungama| url = https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/son-of-india/| access-date = 2026-01-27}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Kishore Rai belongs to a rich family and lives with his elder brother Ashok Rai, Ashok’s wife, and their young son. Kishore meets a young woman, Kamal, and they fall in love, but Ashok strongly disapproves because Kamal’s sister, Ranjana, runs a nightclub and he considers this disreputable. Kishore insists on marrying Kamal, leading to a heated quarrel in which Ashok slaps Kishore and orders him to leave the house and not return.

Shortly afterward Ashok is found gravely wounded and hospitalized, and the police learn of the recent altercation between the brothers and arrest Kishore on suspicion. Kishore is held in custody until Ashok regains consciousness and can give a statement, and the suspense of the film turns on who actually attacked Ashok and whether he will accuse his own brother or reveal another culprit.

== Cast ==
* [[Sujit Kumar]] as Kishore Rai
* [[Simi Garewal]] as Kamal
* [[Abhi Bhattacharya]] as Ashok Rai
* [[Sulochana Latkar]] as Mrs. Ashok Rai
* [[Shyama (Hindi actress)|Shyama]] as Ranjana
* [[Nigar Sultana (actress)|Nagar Sultana]] as Kamal’s mother
* [[K. N. Singh]] as Police Commissioner Singh
*Hiralal as Mangaldas
* [[Mohan Choti]] as Pandurang Pyare
*Sabita Chatterjee as Pyari
*Sheikh as Hanumantrao Koli Pehelwan
*Madhumati
*Agha
*Chaman Puri as Bachchan Singh
*Ulhas

== Soundtrack ==
The film's music was composed by Robin Banerjee, with lyrics by Hairat Sitapuri.<ref name="HGM">{{cite web |title=Raaz Ki Baat (1962) – Lyrics and Video of Songs |website=Hindigeetmala.net |url=https://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/raaz_ki_baat.htm |access-date=17 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://myswar.co/album/raaz-ki-baat-1962 |title=Raaz Ki Baat (1962) |publisher=MySwar}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No.
! Song
! Singers
|-
| 1
| "Zindagi Se Bhi Mujhko Ajeej Ho Tum"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Suman Kalyanpur]]
|-
| 2
| "Mamta Ki Baahon Mein Tujhko Sulaoon"
| Suman Kalyanpur
|-
| 3
| "Do Ghadi Zara Chain Se Jeene Mujhe Hamraaz Do"
| Mohammed Rafi
|-
| 4
| "Meri Ghaghri Mein Ghunghroo Laga De"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| 5
| "Mujhko Pehchano Mere Dard Ka Andaza Karo"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| 6
| "Thaam Mujhe Gir Na Jau"
| [[Subir Sen]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:1962 drama films]]
[[Category:1960s mystery films]]
[[Category:1962 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:1962 Indian films]]

Patnadevi

2026-04-27T19:30:00Z

RowenaGlenny3: Adding a biography

{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Patna Devi (Chandika Devi) temple
| image = Temple of Chandika Devi - Patan -Maharashtra -SGR 001.jpg
| caption = Chandika Devi Temple
| map_type = India Maharashtra
| map_caption = Location in Maharashtra
| coordinates = {{coord|20.330030|74.967424|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = पाटणादेवी
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Jalgaon]]
| locale = [[chalisgaon]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Devi]]
| festivals =
| architecture =
| temple_quantity = 2
| year_completed = Year 1150
| creator = Yadavrao Kheunchandra and Govindraj Mourya
}}

'''Patanadevi''' is a historic and tourist place situated 18 km to the southwest of [[Chalisgaon]], Maharashtra. It lies inside [[Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary]] and is surrounded by the high mountains of [[Sahyadri]].

It consists of Chandika Devi Temple and Hemadpanthi Mahadev Temple.

== History ==
In earlier days, this was a capital of an important Province called Patna (Vijjalgad). It was ruled by the former monarch at the state of the Yadav kings and their tributary. This capital city was 4–5 miles in length and width at the time. The city was surrounded by high mountain-like walls, and it was very beautiful because of the surrounding forest. In the surrounding forest there were different kinds of fruit trees, and there was a highway. Water was supplied to the city by digging water tanks on the high part of the mountain. The city has been famous for trade, art, learning, traffic and temples since the [[Shaka era|Shalivahan Saka period]] due to its metal mines and various vegetation on the hills. At that time, the Mandlik kings of Yadav built Siddheshwar Temple at Waghli (Year 991), Shardadevi Temple at Bahal (Year 1944) and Chandika Devi Temple at Patna (Year 1128).

== Bhaskaracharya ==
{{Distinguish|Bhāskara I}}

Bhaskaracharya or [[Bhaskara II]] was a 12th-century Indian mathematician. He was also a renowned astronomer of that time. He lived in the a Aashram in Patnadevi. He is said to have written his famous magnum opus, [[Siddhānta Shiromani|''Siddhanta Shiromani'']], in Patnadevi.

== Importance and status ==
The Chadika Mata of Patnadevi is the [[Kuladevata|Kul-Devta]] of many Hindu castes and tribes. Even today, in the Kuladharma Kulachara (a ritual), many devotees carry rice for puja in remembrance of Bhagwati from Dhawaltirtha.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* http://www.patnadevi.com/
* https://web.archive.org/web/20140908085927/http://jalgaon.nic.in/html/Tourist_Information.htm
{{Hindu temples in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Jalgaon district]]
[[Category:Devi temples in India]]

Thori (tribe)

2026-04-27T15:00:02Z

RowenaGlenny3: Put up a entry

{{Short description|Dalit caste}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
'''Thori''' are labourer community found in the states of [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Haryana]] in India.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWrTs5yt1DkC&dq=thori+Muslim&pg=PA1377 |title=Gujarat |date=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-106-8 |pages=1373–78 |language=en}}</ref> They are also known as the Nayak. They are recognized as [[Scheduled Castes in Rajasthan]].

==History and origin==

The Thori trace their descent from the King Ajaypal, a [[Solar dynasty|Suryavanshi]] [[Rajput]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajasthan (India) |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Rajasthan_District_Gazetteers/B7lPQFEUUwcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=nayaks+and+suryavanshi+rajputs&dq=nayaks+and+suryavanshi+rajputs&printsec=frontcover |title=Rajasthan District Gazetteers |date=1962 |publisher=Printed at Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> They claim themselves as commanders in the army of the various [[Rajput]] kings of [[Rajputana]] and with the time, their position of Kshatriya was degraded after conquests of other [[Rajput clans]]. Due to which their they loose their status and separated them from Rajputs, leading to formation of a new identity with the name of Nayak which is title for commander.<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India Office of the Registrar |title=Census of India, 1961: Rajasthan |date=1965 |publisher=Manager of Publications |pages=[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GLbUAAAAMAAJ&q=nayaks+and+suryavanshi+rajputs&dq=nayaks+and+suryavanshi+rajputs&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=1&printsec=frontcover&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGx53-o46UAxUQ-zgGHUJ4PF0Q6AF6BAgIEAM 11] |language=en}}</ref>

==Present circumstances==
They are found mainly in the districts of [[Ganganagar]], and Churu. Their spoken language is [[Marwari language|Marwari]].

They are a landless and economically marginalized community working as daily wage labour in the industrial and agricultural sector. They have an effective [[caste]] council, known as the Nayak Samaj, which acts as quasi-judicial body and deals with intra-community dispute. They are Hindus with [[Pabuji]] being their main deity, alongside they also worship [[Gogaji]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harlan |first=Lindsey |title=The Goddesses' Henchmen: Gender in Indian Hero Worship |date=2003 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-515426-9 |pages=[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4B-j8Sp2jegC&pg=PA202&dq=nayak+caste+and+pabuji+pabuji&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDrfyvpY6UAxWr1zgGHXRjGREQ6AF6BAgKEAM 202] |language=en}}</ref>

The Thoris of [[Gujarat]] are also known as Utloiwala, Batwala and Jhori. They have two endogamous groups, the Makwana and Barasia and are a nomadic community, moving in bands of ten and fifteen and live in small reed huts. Like other Gujarat communities, they have a number of clans, called ataks. Their main ataks are the Parmar, Makowara, Gatar, Kharkaria, Bhoping, Narodia, and Mangarchi. The community is still mainly involved with the manufacturing of baskets. Their range is northern and central [[Gujarat]], particularly the districts of Ahmadabad, Surendranagar, [[Sabarkantha]], Panchmahal and [[Baroda]]. Like the [[Rajasthan]] Thori, they speakl [[Mewari]].

==See also==
* [[Dalit]]

==References==

{{reflist}}
{{Social groups of Gujarat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thori (Caste)}}
[[Category:Other Backward Classes of Haryana]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Rajasthan]]

Press Registrar General of India

2026-04-26T03:32:39Z

RowenaGlenny3: Adding new post

{{Short description|Registrar of newspapers and periodicals in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{anchor|RNI}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Press Registrar General of India
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| named_after =
| image =
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| logo = PressRegistrarGeneralofIndia-logo.svg
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| logo_alt = Registrar of Newspapers for India logo
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| map =
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| abbreviation = PRGI
| predecessor = Registrar of Newspapers for India
| merged_into =
| successor =
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1956|07|01}}
| founder =
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| extinction = 
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| type = [[Statutory body]]
| tax_id = 
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| status =
| purpose = Registration of newspapers and periodicals
| headquarters = Soochna Bhawan, New Delhi
| location =
| coordinates = {{coord|28.59396|77.23056|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| region_served = India
| services = Registration of publications
| products =
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| secretary_general =
| leader_title = Press Registrar General & Head of the Department
| leader_name = Bhupendra Kainthola
| leader_title2 = Deputy Press Registrar
| leader_name2 = Rajith Chandran M. R. Ashutosh Mohle
| leader_title3 = Assistant Press Registrar
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 =
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| parent_organization = [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]
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| num_staff =
| num_staff_year =
| num_volunteers =
| num_volunteers_year =
| slogan =
| mission =
| website = {{URL|prgi.gov.in}}
| remarks =
| former_name =
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Press Registrar General of India''' ('''PRGI'''), formerly the '''Registrar of Newspapers for India''' ('''RNI'''), is a [[statutory body]] under the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], [[Government of India]], for the registration of newspapers and periodicals. It was established in 1956 by amending the [[List of Indian federal legislation#1851–1875|Press and Registration of Books Act 1867]]. However, in 2024, the Act was repealed and replaced by the Press & Registration of Periodicals Act, 2023. PRGI is headquartered in New Delhi.

==History==
It was established on 1 July 1956, on the recommendation of the First Press Commission in 1953 and by amending the [[List of Indian federal legislation#1851–1875|Press and Registration of Books Act 1867]].<ref name=nic>{{cite web|title=Registrar of Newspapers for India|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/television.php?pg=2|publisher=NIC|access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=RNI>{{cite web|title=Introduction & Activities|url=http://rni.nic.in/about.asp|publisher=Registrar of Newspapers for India|access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref> RNI regulates and monitors printing and publication of newspapers based on the Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 and the Registration of Newspapers (Central) Rules, 1956.<ref>{{cite web|title=STARTING A PAPER|url=http://rni.nic.in/stapap.asp|publisher=Registrar of Newspapers for India|access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref>

The Press and Registration of Books Act contains the duties and functions of the RNI. On account of some more responsibilities entrusted upon RNI during all these years, the office is performing both statutory as well as some non-statutory functions.<ref name=mento>{{cite web|title=HOW TO OBTAIN RNI REGISTRATION FOR A PUBLICATION|url=http://articles.mentoassociates.com/2011/05/how-to-obtain-rni-registration-for-a-publication.html|publisher=Mento Associates|access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref> Online registration system was formally inaugurated in 2004 by the Information and Broadcasting Minister S. Jaipal Reddy.<ref>{{cite news|title=RNI provides registration details online|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/story/120149|access-date=13 February 2014|newspaper=The Financial Express|date=24 November 2004}}</ref> The Press and Registration of Periodicals Act, 2023 was enacted on 28 December 2023 and the name of the office was changed to the present one.

==Duties==
Under statutory functions, RNI performs the following duties<ref name=RNI/>

* Compilation and maintenance of a Register of Newspapers containing particulars about all the [[newspaper]]s published;
* Issue of Certificate of Registration to newspapers [[Publishing#Newspaper publishing|published]] under valid declaration;
* Scrutiny and analysis of [[Annual report|annual statements]] sent by the publishers of newspapers every year under PRB Act containing information on [[Newspaper circulation|circulation]], ownership etc.;
* Informing [[District collector|district magistrates]] about availability of titles, to intending publishers for filing declaration;
* Ensuring that newspapers are published in accordance with the provisions of PRB Act 1867 and the rules made thereunder;
* Verification under Section 19-F of PRB Act, of circulation claims furnished by the publishers in their Annual Statements; and
* Preparation and submission to the Government on or before 31 December each year, a report containing all available information and statistics about the press in India with particular reference to the emerging trends in circulation and in the direction of common ownership units etc.

The following fall under the non-statutory functions:

* Formulation of Newsprint Allocation Policy – Guidelines and issue of Eligibility Certificate to the newspapers to enable them to import [[newsprint]] and to procure indigenous newsprint;
* Assessing and certifying the essential need and requirement of newspaper establishments to import [[Printing press|printing and composing machinery]] and allied materials.

==Registration==

Registrar maintains the legal procedures for registering a newspaper, which can be summarised as:
#As a first stage, the applicant applies for title verification of the publication to the jurisdictional District Magistrate. The District Magistrate will get the title verified from RNI.
#After receiving the title verification letter from RNI, the applicant needs to file a declaration for authentication before District Magistrate.
#After authentication, the newspaper must be published within 6 weeks if it is published once a week or oftener than that. In case of any other periodicity, the first issue should be published within 3 months from the date of authentication.
#After the first issue is published, the applicant needs to file an application for [https://www.registrationwala.com/rni-registration RNI registration], enclosing the following documents
##Title verification letter
##Authenticated declaration
##An affidavit for no foreign tie-up
##First issue and latest issue of the publication
##Content intimation/ confirmation in the prescribed form
##Certificate intimating appointment of the printer

==Registration of Publication==
* All publications of India as well as publication imported in India for sales require the mandatory registration with RNI. They are also required to submit their annual report on circulation numbers.<ref name="rni1">[http://rni.nic.in/ Office of the Registrar of the newspapers for India] website</ref>
* As of 31 March 2018, there are 17,573 newspapers and 100,666 periodicals registered with RNI.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PRESS IN INDIA HIGHLIGHTS|url=http://rni.nic.in/all_page/press_india.aspx|access-date=2020-08-13|website=OFFICE OF REGISTRAR OF NEWSPAPERS FOR INDIA}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|Journalism}}
* [[List of newspapers in India]]
* [[Media of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website}}
* [http://delhipolicelicensing.gov.in/press.htm Registration guide]
* [http://www.lawsindia.com/Advocate%20Library/C218.htm The Press And Registration of Books Act, 1867]
{{Indian newspaper topics}}
{{Newspapers in India}}
{{MIBI}}
{{Media of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Office of the Registrar of Newspapers For India}}
[[Category:Regulatory agencies of India]]
[[Category:Newspaper publishing in India]]
[[Category:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1956]]
[[Category:Mass media in India]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Delhi]]

Debi (2005 film)

2026-04-25T18:50:17Z

RowenaGlenny3:

{{about|2005 Indian film|2018 Bangladeshi film of the same name|Debi (2018 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Debi
| image = Debi 2005 poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Swapan Saha]]
| producer = Mukul Sarkar
| writer =
| screenplay = [[N. K. Salil]]
| story = [[M. S. Reddy]]
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Debashree Roy]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 April 2004|title=Heavenly CAPACITY|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/heavenly-capacity/cid/1264945|access-date=22 July 2020|website=The Telegraph|location=India}}</ref>|[[Rachna Banerjee]]|[[Jisshu Sengupta]]|[[Kaushik Banerjee]]|[[Ramaprasad Banik]]|[[Locket Chatterjee]]}}
| music = [[Ashok Bhadra]]
| cinematography =
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2005}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Debi''''' is a 2005 devotional [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[Fantasy film|mythological fantasy film]] directed by [[Swapan Saha]] and produced by Mukul Sarkar. The film features [[Jisshu Sengupta]], [[Debashree Roy]] and [[Rachana Banerjee]] in the lead roles. Music of the film has been composed by [[Ashok Bhadra]].<ref name="main details">{{cite web|title=Debi (2005)|url=http://www.gomolo.com/debi-movie/15342|publisher=Gomolo|access-date=7 November 2013|archive-date=5 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205073416/http://www.gomolo.com/debi-movie/15342|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Jisshu Sengupta]]
* [[Debashree Roy]]
* [[Rachana Banerjee]] as Joba
* [[Ramaprasad Banik]]
* [[Locket Chatterjee]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Devi {{!}} ଦେବୀ {{!}} Odia Full Film {{!}} Rachana Bannerjee {{!}} Sidharth TV|date=2019-04-13|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVL2B4E6J80&app=desktop|via=YouTube|access-date=2019-07-27}}</ref>
* Koushik Bandyopadhyay as Ashur
* Sunil Mukhopadhyay
* Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
* Ashok Mukhopadhyay
* Ramen Raychowdhury

== Soundtrack ==
The songs were composed by Ashok Bhadra.<ref>{{Citation|title=Devi – All Songs – Download or Listen Free – JioSaavn|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/devi/bL1cF8D1LxY_|access-date=2019-08-11|archive-date=11 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811095611/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/devi/bL1cF8D1LxY_|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Swapan Saha}}

[[Category:2005 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Swapan Saha]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

{{2000s-Bengali-film-stub}}
[[Category:Films with screenplays by N. K. Salil]]

Thoogudeepa Srinivas

2026-04-20T02:03:49Z

RowenaGlenny3: Put up a data

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Thoogudeepa Srinivas
| image = Thoogudeepa-Sriinvas-pic.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| other_names =
| birth_date = 17 April 1943
| birth_place =
| death_date = 16 October 1995
| years_active =
| spouse = {{marriage|Meena|1973}}
| occupation = Actor
| children = 3, including [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]]
}}

'''Mysore Srinivas''' (17 April 1943 – 16 October 1995), known by his [[stage name]] '''Thoogudeepa Srinivas''' was an Indian actor who appeared in [[Kannada cinema|Kannada films]] and is remembered for his portrayal of negative-shaded characters. He is the father of actor, [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] and film director [[Dinakar Thoogudeepa|Dinakar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=From Darshan-Dinakar to Jaggesh-Komal: A look at the star siblings ruling the Kannada film industry |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/from-darshan-dinakar-to-jaggesh-komal-a-look-at-the-star-siblings-ruling-the-kannada-film-industry/articleshow/74303759.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=12 June 2022 |language=en |date=25 February 2020}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Srinivas was born to Muniswami and Parvathamma on 17 April 1943 as their fourth son. He had eight siblings. He lost his parents at a young age. Right from his childhood days, Srinivas was interested in theatre and cinema and was a regular participant in his school and college [[Play (theatre)|plays]]. During one of these plays, he caught the eye of another theatre artist [[M. P. Shankar]], whom he later went on to star with in many [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada films]]. Srinivas then became a regular member of Shankar's camp and had to discontinue his education during his pursuing of a [[Bachelor of Science]] from [[St. Philomena's College, Mysore]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Thoogudeepa Srinivas biography |url= http://www.thoogudeepa.com/Biography.html |website= thoogudeepa.com}}</ref>

== Career ==
Srinivas made his debut in film in 1966 with K. S. L. Swamy's [[Kannada]] film ''[[Thoogudeepa]]''. He was from then on referred to as Thoogudeepa Srinivas. He went on to appear in many other successful films such as ''[[Mayor Muthanna]]'', ''[[Bangaarada Panjara]]'', ''[[Gandhada Gudi]]'', ''[[Kalla Kulla]]'', ''[[Vasantha Lakshmi]]'' and ''[[Sahasa Simha]]''. He appeared in many films as a villain with [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] as the lead actor and his "partners in crime" included other popular actors such as [[Vajramuni]], [[Doddanna]] and [[Dheerendra Gopal]].<ref name="nettv4u">{{cite web |title=Sandalwood Movie Actor Thoogudeepa Srinivas Biography |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/kannada/movie-actor/thoogudeepa-srinivas |website=nettv4u |access-date=12 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

Srinivas appeared in an important role in the 1984 film ''Ramapurada Ravana''. He received appreciation for his roles in films such as ''[[Sipayi Ramu]]'', ''[[Giri Kanye]]'' and ''[[Bhagyavantharu]]''.<ref name="nettv4u"/>

== Personal life ==
Srinivas married Meena on 15 November 1973 in [[Ponnampet]], [[Kodagu]]. The couple have three children together — [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], Dinakar and Divya. Darshan is a popular actor in [[Kannada cinema]] and Dinakar is a film director.<ref name="nettv4u"/>

Having been suffering from [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes]] and [[Chronic kidney disease|kidney ailment]], Srinivas was given a kidney by his wife Meena. However, he died due to a massive [[heart attack]] on 16 October 1995, aged 52.<ref name="nettv4u"/>

==Partial filmography==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Mane Katti Nodu]]'' (1966) as doctor
* ''[[Thoogudeepa]]'' (1966)
* ''[[Mayor Muthanna]]'' (1969) as Sudhakar
* ''[[Modala Rathri]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modala Rathri (1970) Kannada movie: Cast & Crew |url=https://chiloka.com/movie/modala-rathri-1970 |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=chiloka.com}}</ref> (1970) as Police Inspector
* ''[[Sipayi Ramu]]'' (1971) as Mangal Singh
* ''[[Bhale Huchcha]]'' (1972) as Shivakumar
* ''[[Gandhada Gudi]]'' (1973) as Kunju Ahmed
* ''[[Bhakta Kumbara]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Bangaarada Panjara]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Daari Tappida Maga]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Mayura (film)|Mayura]]'' (1975)...Kotwal
* ''[[Bahaddur Gandu]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Badavara Bandhu]]'' (1976)
* ''Kanasu Nanasu'' (1976)
* ''[[Giri Kanye]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Sanaadi Appanna]]'' (1977) as Shivaraya
* ''[[Babruvahana (1977 film)|Babruvahana]]'' (1977) as [[Takshaka]]
* ''[[Singaporenalli Raja Kulla]]'' (1978)...Junie
* ''[[Shankar Guru (1978 film)|Shankar Guru]]'' (1978)...Madanlal
* ''[[Operation Diamond Racket]]'' (1978)...Vikram Singh
* ''[[Thayige Thakka Maga]]'' (1978)...Robert
* ''[[Nanobba Kalla]]''...Joginder
* ''[[Vijay Vikram]]'' (1979)...Daku Badri
* ''[[Preethi Madu Thamashe Nodu]]'' (1979)...Harish
* ''[[Auto Raja (1980 film)|Auto Raja]]'' (1980)...Bhaskar Rao
* ''[[Aarada Gaaya]]'' (1980)
* ''[[Ondu Hennu Aaru Kannu]]'' (1980)...Rudrayya/Santosh
* ''Point Parimala'' (1980)...Dharmaprakash
* ''[[Vasantha Geetha]]'' (1980)...Vishwanath
* ''[[Kulla Kulli]]'' (1980)...trainer in gymnasium (cameo)
* ''[[Nee Nanna Gellalare]]'' (1981)...Yogi
* ''[[Mooroovare Vajragalu]]'' (1982)...Bhima
* ''[[Sahasa Simha]]'' (1982)...Peter
* ''[[Khadeema Kallaru]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Nee Nanna Gellalare]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Jimmy Gallu]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Kaviratna Kalidasa]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Bhakta Prahlada (1983 film)|Bhakta Prahlada]]'' (1983)...[[Hiranyaksha]]
* ''[[Hosa Theerpu]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Kaamana Billu]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Benkiya Bale]]'' (1983)
* ''Chandi Chamundi'' (1983) as K. Duggappa
* ''[[Apoorva Sangama]]'' (1984)...Vishwanath
* ''[[Samayada Gombe]]'' (1984) as Puttappa
* ''[[Dhruva Thare]]'' (1985)as Pavan Kumar
* ''[[Ade Kannu]]'' (1985)...Mahesh
* ''[[Vajra Mushti]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vajra Mushti (1985) Kannada movie: Cast & Crew |url=https://chiloka.com/movie/vajra-mushti-1985 |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=chiloka.com}}</ref> (1985)...Vishwanath
* ''[[Jwaalamukhi]]'' (1985)...Ratanlal
* ''[[Anuraga Aralithu]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Africadalli Sheela]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Aparadhi Nanalla]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aparadhi Nanalla {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/aparadhi_nanalla |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> (1986)...Madan
* ''[[Ondu Muttina Kathe]]'' (1987)...Bollanna
* ''Anthima Theerpu'' (1987)...Vincent
* ''[[Sheela (1987 film)|Sheela]]'' (1987; Hindi)
* ''[[Devatha Manushya]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Vijaya Khadga]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijaya Khadga (1988) Kannada movie: Cast & Crew |url=https://chiloka.com/movie/vijaya-khadga-1988 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=chiloka.com}}</ref> (1988)...Basavaraj
* ''[[Anjada Gandu]]'' (1988)...Major Rudrappa
* ''[[List of Kannada films of 1988|Arjun]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Chiranjeevi Sudhakar]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Ramanna Shamanna]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Nanjundi Kalyana]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Hongkongnalli Agent Amar]]'' (1989)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://chiloka.com/movie/hongkongnalli-agent-amar-1989 | title=Hongkongnalli Agent Amar (1989) Kannada movie: Cast & Crew }}</ref>
* ''[[Parashuram (1989 film)|Parashuram]]'' (1989)...M. Shivaraj
* ''[[Raja Simha (1989 film)|Raja Simha]]'' (1989)...Rudrappa
* ''[[Aata Bombata]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Gandu Sidigundu]]'' (1991)...Shyam
* ''[[Halli Meshtru]]'' (1992)....as chairman
* ''[[Jeevana Chaitra]]'' (1992)...Narasinga Raya
* ''[[Kanasina Rani]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Mannina Doni]]'' (1992)...Veerabhadra
* ''[[Bharjari Gandu]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Aakasmika]]'' (1993)...Kaatayya "Kaatesh"
* ''[[Ananda Jyothi]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Anuragada Alegalu]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Kalyana Rekhe]]'' (1993)
* ''Gold Medal'' (1994) as Police Commissioner Somashekar
* ''Indian'' (1994)
* ''[[Mutthanna]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Savyasachi (1995 film)|Savyasachi]]'' (1995)
{{div col end|3}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|2448004}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivas, Thoogudeepa}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]

Karakat Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:47:07Z

RowenaGlenny3: put up basic details needs work!

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Bihar, India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Karakat Assembly constituency
|type= SLA
| map_image = 213-Karakat constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Arun Singh Kushwaha]]
|party = {{Party index link|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}
|alliance = {{Party index link|Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)}}
|latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] 
|region =
|state = [[Bihar]]
|district = [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]]
|division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Karakat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karakat]]
|constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|213]]
|established = 1967
| electors = 333,262
|abolished = 
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date = March 2017}}

'''Karakat Assembly constituency''' is an assembly constituency for [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] in [[Rohtas district]] of [[Bihar]], India. It comes under [[Karakat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karakat]].<ref name="election2015">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/karakat.html|title=Karakat Assembly Election Results 2015, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs|website=www.elections.in}}</ref> In the 2020 assembly elections, Arun Kumar Singh of CPI(ML) defeated Rajeswar Raj of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] to emerge victorious.<ref name="election2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/bihar-assembly-elections-2020/karakat-election-results-live-s04a213/|title=Karakat Vidhan Sabha 2020|website=News18|access-date=2020-11-30}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Karakat Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/karakat.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Tulsi Singh Yadav|Tulsi Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
| [[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Manorma Pandey
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Tribhuwan Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| [[Tulsi Singh Yadav|Tulsi Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Shashi Rani Mishra
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Tulsi Singh Yadav|Tulsi Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Arun Singh Kushwaha| Arun Singh]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]
|-
| [[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
| [[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
| [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
| Rajeshwar Raj
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y}}
|-
| [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| [[Sanjay Kumar Singh (RJD politician)|Sanjay Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|Rowspan=2|[[Arun Singh Kushwaha]]<ref name="election2020-1">{{cite web|url= https://www.sasaramkigaliyan.com/sasaram/news-sasaram/rohtas-won-mla-election-2020/|title=
रोहतास से NDA साफ 7 विधानसभाओं में कौन कितने वोट से जीता हारा}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Karakat<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Karakat">{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Karakat |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04213.htm |access-date=1 December 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251201093000/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04213.htm |archive-date=1 December 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Arun Singh Kushwaha|Arun Singh]] (Vil- Ajnap Tola)
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
|votes = {{formatnum:74157}}
|percentage = 37.51
|change = -10.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Mahabali Singh]]
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|votes = {{formatnum:71321}}
|percentage = 36.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Jyoti Pawan Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:23469}}
|percentage = 11.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|candidate = Yogendra Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:7503}}
|percentage = 3.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Bandana Raj
|votes = {{formatnum:7377}}
|percentage = 3.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bansidhar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:3019}}
|percentage = 1.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:5765}}
|percentage = 2.92
|change = +1.17
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:2836}}
|percentage = 1.44
|change = -9.16
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:197715}}
|percentage = 59.33
|change = +7.11
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Karakat<ref name="election2020"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Arun Singh Kushwaha|Arun Singh]]
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
|votes = {{formatnum:82700}}
|percentage = 48.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Rajeshwar Raj
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:64511}}
|percentage = 37.59
|change = +6.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtrawadi Janlok Party (Satya)
|candidate = Amit Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:5645}}
|percentage = 3.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
|candidate = Malti Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:4901}}
|percentage = 2.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Hare Ram Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2528}}
|percentage = 1.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bansidhar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2162}}
|percentage = 1.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ashok Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2000}}
|percentage = 1.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3010}}
|percentage = 1.75
|change = -0.53
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:18189}}
|percentage = 10.6
|change = +2.69
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:171627}}
|percentage = 52.22
|change = +0.33
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
|loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Karakat<ref name="election2015"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Sanjay Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:59720}}
|percentage = 38.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Rajeshwar Raj
|votes = {{formatnum:47601}}
|percentage = 31.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Arun Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:23534}}
|percentage = 15.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Madan Prasad Vaishya
|votes = {{formatnum:3905}}
|percentage = 2.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
|candidate = Akhlaque Ahmad
|votes = {{formatnum:3815}}
|percentage = 2.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kashi Nath Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:3195}}
|percentage = 2.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Sampoorna Kranti Dal
|candidate = Vinay Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2381}}
|percentage = 1.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rahul Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1906}}
|percentage = 1.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3493}}
|percentage = 2.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:12119}}
|percentage = 7.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:153150}}
|percentage = 51.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{coord|25.18|84.28|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Bihar}}

[[Category:Politics of Rohtas district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Bihar]]

Salboni Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:34:35Z

RowenaGlenny3: Put up pg

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Salboni
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Salboni.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Salboni Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Srikanta Mahata]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]]
| constituency_no = 234
| established = 1951
| electors = 208,442
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Salboni Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Paschim Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 234 Salboni Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Bhimpur, Bishnupur, Debgram, Lalgeria and Shalboni [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Salboni (community development block)|Salboni]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]], Goaltor, Gohaldanga, Jeerapara, Makli, Patharpara and Pingbani gram panchayats of [[Garhbeta II (community development block)|Garhbeta II]] community development block, and [[Garhbeta III (community development block)|Garhbeta III]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web | url = http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date = 2010-10-15 | publisher = Government of West Bengal | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | archive-date = 18 September 2010 }}</ref>

Salboni Assembly constituency is part of No. 33 [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (ST).<ref name=delimitation/>

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Salboni}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =[[Srikanta Mahata]]
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Biman Mahato
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pijush Hansda
|party = Indian Secular Front
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
In the 2021 election, [[Srikanta Mahata]] of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival, Rajib Kundu of BJP.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Salboni}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Srikanta Mahata]]
|votes = 126,020
|percentage = 50.57
|change = -3.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Rajib Kundu
|votes = 93,376
|percentage = 37.47
|change = +26.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Sushanta Ghosh]]
|votes = 19,859
|percentage = 7.97
|change = -22.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Rasbihari Mahato
|votes = 2,603
|percentage = 1.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 1,965
|percentage = 0.79
|change = -0.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Lakshmi Kanta Murmu
|votes = 1,657
|percentage = 0.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Akshaya Kumar Mahata
|votes = 1,609
|percentage = 0.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Humanity Universal Motion Party
|candidate = Md. Kabirul Islam Khan
|votes = 756
|percentage = 0.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Animesh Mahata
|votes = 745
|percentage = 0.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Paresh Chandra Dutta
|votes = 565
|percentage = 0.23
|change = -0.32
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 249,195
|percentage = 89.98
|change = -0.37
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 election, [[Srikanta Mahata]] of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival, Shyam Sundar Pandey of CPI(M).

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Salboni}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Srikanta Mahata]]
|votes = 120,485
|percentage = 53.91
|change = +6.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Shyam Sundar Pandey
|votes = 67,583
|percentage = 30.24
|change = -15.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dhiman Kumar Kolay
|votes = 23,965
|percentage = 10.72
|change = +7.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Goutam Kouri
|votes = 4,402
|percentage = 1.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,551
|percentage = 1.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All Jharkhand Students Union
|candidate = Animesh Mahata
|votes = 1,810
|percentage = 0.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Satish Singh
|votes = 1,454
|percentage = 0.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Kalipada Mahato
|votes = 1,232
|percentage = 0.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 223,483
|percentage = 90.35
|change = -2.57
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, [[Srikanta Mahata]] of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Abhiram mahato of CPI(M).

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Salboni<ref>{{cite web |url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25234.htm |title = Salboni |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-20 |archive-date = 16 May 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110516060717/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25234.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=234| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120526065957/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=234| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 26 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Salboni| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_6th_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Salboni |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-06 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030813/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_6th_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Srikanta Mahata]]
|votes = 92,082
|percentage = 47.54
|change = +10.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Abhiram Mahato
|votes = 87,727
|percentage = 45.29
|change = -9.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dhiman Kumar Kolay
|votes = 5,439
|percentage = 2.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Tarun Manna
|votes = 3,473
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
|candidate = Darku Murmu
|votes = 3,272
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Disom Party
|candidate = Sunil Tudu
|votes = 1,692
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 193,685
|percentage = 92.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = 19.68
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]], 2001 and 1996 state assembly elections, Khagendranath Mahata of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Salboni assembly seat defeating his nearest rivals, Uttara Singha (Hazra) of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] in 2006, Dinen Roy of Trinamool Congress in 2001, and Tapas Das of Jharkhand Party (Naren) in 1996. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Sundar Hazra of CPI(M) defeated Bijoy Mahata of [[Janata Party]] in 1991, Basanti Mahata of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1987, Kali Sadhan Mahata of Congress in 1982, and Basanti Mahata of Congress in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp222.htm |title = 222 - Salbani Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2010-12-20 }}</ref>

===1951-1972===
[[Thakurdas Mahata]] of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in 1972. Sundar Hazra of CPI(M) won in 1971. Amulya Ratan Mahata of [[Bangla Congress]] won in 1969 and 1967. Niranjan Khamrai of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]. The Salboni seat did not exist in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]. In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]], Bejoy Gopal Goswami, Independent, won the Salboni seat.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp | title = Statistical Reports of Elections | access-date = 2010-12-20 | work = General Election Results and Statistics | publisher = Election Commission of India | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp | archive-date = 2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Paschim Medinipur topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Paschim Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Keonjhar Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:27:01Z

RowenaGlenny3: put up first stub basic info!

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Odisha}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Keonjhar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Keonjhar
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 24
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Northen Division
| district = [[Kendujhar district|Kendujhar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Keonjhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Keonjhar]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = ST
| incumbent_image = File:ଶ୍ରୀ ମୋହନ ଚରଣ ମାଝୀ.jpg
| mla = [[Mohan Charan Majhi]] {{Small|[[Chief Minister of Odisha]]}}
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,31,912{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Keonjhar''' (Sl. No.: 24) is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha|constituency]] of [[Kendujhar district]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=21 |title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work= empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Ghasipura (21) District : Keonjhar |accessdate= 3 February 2014 |archive-date= 20 February 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140220121413/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=21 |url-status= usurped }}</ref>

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|47.05}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|42.10}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|35.87}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|30.34}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|40.14}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|59.08}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|33.82}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|55.20}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Janata Party}}|48.98}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|45.85}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|52.59}}
}}

Since its formation in 1951, 18 elections were held till date including one bypoll in 1965. It was a 2-member constituency for 1952 & 1957.

List of members elected from Keonjhar constituency are:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual – 2011: List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly (1951–2004) |accessdate=2014-02-20 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-17 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1951 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|[[Laxmi Narayan Bhanja Deo]]
|{{party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[Govind Chandra Munda]]
|{{full party name with color|Ganatantra Parishad}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Krushna Chandra Mahapatro
|{{party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|Janardan Bhanj Deo
|{{full party name with color|Ganatantra Parishad|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|Janardan Bhanj Deo
|-
|1965^
|Karunakar Pradhan
|{{full party name with color|Swatantra Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|[[Govind Chandra Munda]]
|-
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|Chhotaray Majhi
|{{full party name with color|Utkal Congress}}
|-
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|[[Govind Chandra Munda]]
|{{full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|[[Kumar Majhi]]
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|[[Jogendra Naik]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" |Chhotaray Majhi
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|{{full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|[[Jogendra Naik]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|[[Subarna Naik]]
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|Abhiram Naik
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 25 May 2024 in 3rd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Mohan Charan Majhi]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Meena Majhi by a margin of 11,577 votes.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Keonjhar Assembly Election Results 2024: Keonjhar Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/keonjhar-constituency-result-18024 |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

{{Election box begin
|title = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: [[Keonjhar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
|votes = 87,815
|percentage = 47.05
|change = {{increase}}4.95
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Meena Majhi
|votes = 76,238
|percentage = 40.84
|change = {{decrease}}0.61
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Pratibha Manjari Nayak
|votes = 11,904
|percentage = 6.38
|change = {{decrease}}2.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 3,120
|percentage = 1.67
|change = {{increase}}0.42
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 11,577
|percentage = 6.21
|change = {{increase}}5.56
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,86,652
|percentage = 80.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Mohan Charan Majhi]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Madhab Sardar]] by a margin of 1,124 votes.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Keonjhar Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/keonjhar-odisha-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: [[Keonjhar]]<ref name="TP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-III) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase3/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%283rd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf|website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=18 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="News18 2019">{{cite web | title=Keonjhar Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Keonjhar Constituency (Seat) Election Results, Live News. | website=News18 | date=2019-04-23 | url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/odisha/keonjhar-election-result-s18a024/ | access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
|votes = 72,760
|percentage = 42.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Madhab Sardar]]
|votes = 71,636
|percentage = 41.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bidyadhar Dehury
|votes = 14,553
|percentage = 8.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,160
|percentage = 1.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,124
|percentage = 0.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,67,326
|percentage = 76.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In the 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Abhiram Naik defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Mohan Charan Majhi]] by a margin of 8,676 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=1 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=18 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: [[Keonjhar]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Keonjhar|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1824.htm?ac=24|website=eciresults.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=1 June 2014|archive-date=5 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605051553/http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1824.htm?ac=24|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014, Constituency: Keonjhar (24)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605053108/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=24|url-status=usurped|archive-date=5 June 2014|website=empoweringindia.org|publisher=Empowering India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Abhiram Naik
|votes = 55,959
|percentage = 35.87
|change = 5.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
|votes = 47,283
|percentage = 30.31
|change = 6.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Dwarika Nath Naik
|votes = 25,755
|percentage = 16.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sidheswar Naik
|votes = 17,531
|percentage = 11.24
|change = 6.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 3,671
|percentage = 2.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 8,676
|percentage = 5.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,55,987
|percentage = 78.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,99,673
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In the 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Subarna Naik]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Mohan Charan Majhi]] by a margin of 5,269 votes.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=145 |accessdate=3 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]]: [[Keonjhar]]<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Subarna Naik]]
|votes = 36,471
|percentage = 30.34
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
|votes = 29,202
|percentage = 24.29
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sidheswar Naik
|votes = 24,320
|percentage = 20.23
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bidyadhar Dehury
|votes = 21,338
|percentage = 17.75
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 7,269
|percentage = 6.05{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,20,247
|percentage = 64.81
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Kendujhar district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha|state=expanded}}
{{coord|21.64|85.60|display=title}}

[[Category:Kendujhar district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Orissa]]

Kamisetty Savithri

2026-04-09T13:25:55Z

RowenaGlenny3: put up some entry w/ infobox!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
'''Kamisetty Savithri''' (also spelled as '''Kamichetty Savithri'''; born 26 February 1923, date of death unknown) was an Indian politician from [[Yanam]] and was first MLA after de facto transfer from that [[Yanam (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|constituency]], between 1959 and 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAkuAAAAYAAJ|title=Directory of Indian Women Today, 1976|page=251|work= Ajīta Kaura, Arpana Caur|publisher=India International Publications|year=1976}}</ref> She was also former Mayor of Yanam<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lzgTEvDuKwC|title=La Gazette de l'État|page=668|publisher=Pondicherry Government|year=1964}}</ref> and wife of [[Kamisetty Parasuram Naidu]], who was an undisputed leader until his death in Yanam. ''Savithri Nagar'' in [[Yanam]] is named after her.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} Savithri is deceased.<ref>{{cite web |title=యానాం: పుదుచ్చేరి శాసనసభ తోలి మహిళా ఎమ్మెల్యే దివంగత కామిశెట్టి సావిత్రి వర్థంతి కార్యక్రమం నిర్వహణ.... |url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0qM5L6DLJEAzyDFXcLc2qX3jqjPbWth9KdCqixGqrfg2iQaNqAVFdhNYwKERsX6xWl&id=624132584301352 |website=Yanam News Update |access-date=12 August 2022 |date=21 June 2018}}</ref>

==Titles held==
{{S-start}}

{{Succession box | before= Yerra Jagannadha Rao| title=[[Yanam (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Membre de l'assemblée réprésentative de Yanaon]] | after=''Defunct'' | years=1959–30 June 1963}}

{{Succession box | before= ''Created''| title=[[Yanam (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|MLA of Yanam]] | after=''Defunct'' | years=1 July 1963–1964}}

{{Succession box | before= Camidy Vincanna | title=[[Maire de Yanaon]] | after=N.A.| years=c.1964;c.1967}}

{{S-end}}

==See also==
*[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Bouloussou Soubramaniam Sastroulou]]
*[[Samatam Krouschnaya]]
*[[1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:People from Yanam]]
[[Category:People from French India]]
[[Category:French people of Telugu descent]]
[[Category:French Hindus]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Puducherry]]
[[Category:Mayors of Yanam]]
[[Category:Pondicherry MLAs 1963–1964]]
[[Category:20th-century mayors of places in India]]
[[Category:Women mayors of places in India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Women in Puducherry politics]]

{{India-mayor-stub}}
{{Puducherry-politician-stub}}

Karkhandari Urdu

2026-04-03T01:40:11Z

RowenaGlenny3: put up first info v1!

{{Short description|Urdu dialect in Delhi}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Karkhandari
| altname = Old Delhi Urdu dialect
| region= [[Delhi]]
| states= [[India]]
| era=
| speakers= 50,000 (1961)<ref>{{cite web| title = Karkhandari Dialect of Delhi Urdu| url = https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/karkhandari-dialect-of-delhi-urdu-gopi-chand-narang-ebooks#22| first = Gopi Chand| last = Narang| publisher = Munshiram Manoharlal
| year = 1961| page = 22| language = en-IN}}</ref>
| familycolor= Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Central Indo-Aryan languages|Central Indo-Aryan]]
| fam5 = [[Western Hindi languages|Western Hindi]]
| fam6 = [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
| fam7 = [[Urdu]]
| notice= Indic
| ethnicity= Delhiite
| script= [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]] ([[Urdu alphabet]])
| ietf =
}}
'''Karkhandāri Urdu''' is a dialect of Urdu historically spoken in [[Old Delhi]] (Shahjahanabad''',''' Delhi-6). It is considered a traditional form of Delhi Urdu, though today it is rarely spoken and survives only among a few remaining speakers.<ref>{{cite news| last = Qasmi| first = Sohail Akhtar| title = پرانی دہلی کی کرخنداری اردو جس کا اب صرف لہجہ باقی ہے| trans-title = The Karkhandari Urdu of Old Delhi, now only a lingering accent| url = https://www.independenturdu.com/node/170896| work = [[The Independent|Independent Urdu]]| date = 15 June 2024| language = ur
}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The word 'Karkhandāri' is derived from the Urdu word 'kārkhānā' which were the manufacturing houses and workshops for craftsmen, established by the Mughals in their empire. These were specialized workshops for crafting luxury goods, textiles, and weapons to meet the needs of the imperial household and military. They acted as centers for production and innovation. Some operations such as weaving, embroidery work, and brocade work were often done under one roof, resembling an integrated assembly line. The suffix 'dār' denotes worker or owner. The language label thereby stands for a colloquial language spoken by craftmen and artisans. However, a wider group of people used it aswell.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Ahmad |first=Rizwan |title=Shifting dunes: Changing meanings of Urdu in India. |date=2007 |degree=PhD |publisher=University of Michigan |hdl=2027.42/126879 |url=http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/126879 |language=EN}}</ref>

== Distribution ==
According to literary scholar [[Gopi Chand Narang]], ''Karkhandari'' was a [[sociolect]] used in the daily speech of artisans, craftsmen and small traders living in the old city of Delhi. Despite demographic and cultural changes in the capital, speakers of this dialect remain concentrated in specific parts of the historical city. The areas traditionally inhabited by Karkhandari speakers were geographically bounded by [[Chandni Chowk|Chāndni Chowk]] to the north, [[Daryaganj#History|Faiz Bazaar]] to the east, Asaf Ali Road to the south, and [[Gates of Delhi#Lahori_Gate,_of_the_Walled_City_of_Shahjahanabad|Lahori Gate]] to the west. The core population of speakers resided in the southwestern lanes near [[Jama Mosque, Delhi|Jama Masjid]] and Lāl Kuan Bazaar, including neighborhoods such as Chitli Qabar, Kucha Chailān, Kalān Mahal, Matiya Mahal, Bhojla Pahāri, Pahari Imli, Churi wālān, Tokri wālān, Soi wālān, Phātak Teliyan, Bulbuli Khāna, Mohalla Qabaristan, Gali Shāh Tāra, Kucha Pandit, Mohalla Rod garān, Farrāsh Khāna, and Gali Batāshān. Additional clusters were found northeast of Lal Kuan in [[Qasim Jan|Gali Qāsim Jān]], Ballimārān Bazaar, Haveli Hissām-uddin Haider, Bāra Dari Sher Afgan Khan, and Ahāta Kalē Sāhib. A few families near [[Khari Baoli|Khāri bāoli]], in Phātak Habash Khān, continue to preserve the dialect. Beyond the old city walls, Karkhandari speakers have also been identified in areas like Kishanganj, Shīsh Mahal, Qassāb pura, Beri Wāla Bāgh, and parts of Bāra Hindu Rao.<ref>{{cite book |last=Narang |first=Gopi Chand |author-link=Gopi Chand Narang |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/karkhandari-dialect-of-delhi-urdu-gopi-chand-narang-ebooks#21 |title=Karkhandari Dialect of Delhi Urdu |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |year=1961 |pages=21–22 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Influences ==
Karkhandāri as well as [[Deccani language|old Deccani]] show several phonological and grammatical similarities now absent in modern Urdu and Hindi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schmidt |first=Ruth Laila |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |editor-last=Cardona |editor-first=George |pages=289 |chapter=Urdu |editor-last2=Jain |editor-first2=Dhanesh K.}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Urdu topics}}

[[Category:Dialects of Urdu]]
[[Category:Culture of Delhi]]
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]

Kingdom of Sikkim

2026-03-28T23:26:41Z

RowenaGlenny3: minor add formatting as per guidelines and corrected details

{{Short description|Kingdom in South Asia (1642–1975)}}
{{Distinguish|Sikh Empire}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Sikkim
| common_name = Sikkim
| native_name = {{nobold|{{native name|sip-Tibt|འབྲས་ལྗོངས།|italics=off}}}} ''Drenjong'' {{nobold|{{native name|xct-Tibt|འབྲས་མོ་གཤོངས།|italics=off}}}} ''Dremoshong'' {{nobold|{{native name|lep-Lepc|ᰕᰚᰬᰯ ᰜᰤᰴ|italics=off}}}} ''Mayel Lyang''
| status = [[Protectorate]]
| status_text = {{plainlist|
* Protectorate of [[Ganden Phodrang|Tibet]] of [[Qing dynasty|Qing China]] (until 1890)
** ''Bhutanese domination (1680/1700–1792)''
** ''Nepalese domination (1776–1792)''
** ''Nepalo-Bhutanese presence (1792–1816)''
** ''[[East India Company]] presence (1816–1858)''<ref>''The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences ...'', Volume 25, page 89.</ref>
* Presence of [[British Raj]] (1858–1861)
* Protectorate of the British Raj (1861–1947) (''[[de facto]]''){{sfnp|Mullard, Opening the Hidden Land|2011|p=184}}
* Protectorate of [[India]] (1950–1975)}}
| government_type = [[Absolute monarchy]] (until 1973) [[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] (1973–1975)<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/16/archives/sikkim-votes-to-end-monarchy-merge-with-india.html Sikkim votes to end monarchy & merge with India], nytimes.com. Accessed 11 April 2024.</ref>
| title_leader = [[Chogyal]]
| leader1 = [[Phuntsog Namgyal]]
| year_leader1 = 1642–1670 (first)
| leader2 = [[Palden Thondup Namgyal]]
| year_leader2 = 1963–1975 (last)
| title_representative = [[List of heads of government of the Kingdom of Sikkim|Prime Minister]]
| representative1 = [[Tashi Tshering (Sikkimese politician)|Tashi Tshering]]
| year_representative1 = 1949 (first)
| representative2 = [[Kazi Lhendup Dorjee]]
| year_representative2 = 1974–1975 (last)
| event_start = Established
| year_start = 1642
| event_end = Merger with [[India]]
| date_end = 16 May
| year_end = 1975
| event1 = [[Timeline of Bhutanese history#17th century|Bhutanese 1st Invasion]]
| date_event1 = 1680
| event2 = [[History of Sikkim#Invasions from Bhutan and Nepal|Bhutanese 2nd Invasion]]
| date_event2 = 1700
| event3 = Nepalese Invasion
| date_event3 = 1776
| event4 = [[Treaty of Titalia]] signed
| date_event4 = 1817
| event5 = [[Darjeeling]] given to [[British Raj|British India]]
| date_event5 = 1835
| event6 = [[Palden Thondup Namgyal]] forced to abdicate
| date_event6 = 1975
| P1 =
| image_flag = [[File:Flag of Sikkim (1967-1975).svg|100px]]
| image_flag2 = [[File:Royal flag of Sikkim.svg|100px]]
| flag_type = [[Flag of Sikkim|Flag of Sikkim (1967–1975)]]
| flag_caption = [[Flag of Sikkim|Flag]] '''Top:''' State flag (1967–1975) '''Bottom:''' Royal flag (1877–1975)
| image_coat = Achievement of Sikkim.jpg
| coat_alt =
| image_map = [[File:Kingdom of Sikkim map.png|250px]] [[File:Sikkim map 1898.jpg|250px]]
| image_map_caption = Location and administrative map of the Kingdom of Sikkim before incorporation into India
| capital = {{plainlist|
* [[Yuksom]] (1642–1670)
* [[Rabdentse]] (1670–1793)
* [[Tumlong]] (1793–1894)
* [[Gangtok]] (1894–1975)
}}
| motto = "Oh, the jewel of creation is in the Lotus"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hubert-herald.nl/BhaSikkim.htm | title=Sikkim / Dämojong | access-date=22 November 2021 | archive-date=22 November 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122151525/http://www.hubert-herald.nl/BhaSikkim.htm | url-status=live }}</ref>
| national_anthem = ''Drenjong Silé Yang Chhagpa Chilo''{{sfn|Hiltz, Constructing Sikkimese National Identity|2003|pp=80–81}} "Why is Sikkim Blooming So Fresh and Beautiful?"
| official_languages = [[Classical Tibetan|Chöke]], [[Sikkimese language|Sikkimese]]
| common_languages = [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]] (early period), [[Dzongkha]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]] (late period)
| religion = [[Tibetan Buddhism]] [[Hinduism in Nepal|Nepali Hinduism]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/03/22/nepali-speakers-of-sikkim-reflect-on-foreigners-label | title=Nepali speakers of Sikkim reflect on 'foreigners' label }}</ref>|
| demonym = Drenjop, Sikkimese
| currency = [[Rupee]]
| legislature = [[State Council (Sikkim)|State Council of Sikkim]]
| today = [[India]]
| area_km2 =
| area_rank =
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
| HDI =
| HDI_year =
| iso3166code = SK
}}
{{Contains special characters|Tibetan}}
{{Contains special characters|Uncommon Unicode}}

The '''Kingdom of Sikkim''' ([[Classical Tibetan]] and {{langx|sip|འབྲས་ལྗོངས།}}, ''Drenjong'', {{langx|dz|སི་ཀིམ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།}}, ''Sikimr Gyalkhab'') officially '''Dremoshong''' (Classical Tibetan and {{langx|sip|འབྲས་མོ་གཤོངས།|links=no}}) until the 1800s, was a [[hereditary monarchy]] in the [[Eastern Himalayas]] that existed from 1642 to 16 May 1975, when it was [[Annexation of Sikkim|annexed]]<ref>{{Cite web |author= |date=16 May 2018 |title=16th May 1975: The Kingdom of Sikkim and its Annexation with India |url=https://eurasiantimes.com/sikkim-history-india-annexed/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Did India have a right to annex Sikkim in 1975? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19780430-did-india-have-a-right-to-annex-sikkim-in-1975-818651-2015-02-18 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abrahams |first=Pema |date=2023-06-01 |title=The Forgotten Kingdom |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/05/20/the-forgotten-kingdom-sikkim-forty-years-india/ |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}</ref> by India. It was ruled by [[Chogyal]]s of the Namgyal dynasty.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marathe |first=Om |date=2019-08-20 |title=Explained: Sikkim, from Chogyal rule to Indian state |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sikkim-chogyal-rule-to-indian-state-sdf-bjp-5921574/ |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113131452/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sikkim-chogyal-rule-to-indian-state-sdf-bjp-5921574/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==History==
===Foundation of the monarchy===
According to legend, [[Khye Bumsa]], a 14th-century prince from the [[Western Xia|Minyak]] House in [[Kham]] in eastern [[Tibet]], received a [[divine revelation]] instructing him to travel south to seek his fortunes. A fifth-generation descendant of Khye Bumsa, [[Phuntsog Namgyal]], became the founder of Sikkim's monarchy in 1642, when he was consecrated as the first [[Chogyal]], or priest-king, of Sikkim by the three venerated [[lama]]s at [[Yuksom]]. Phuntsog Namgyal was succeeded in 1670 by his son, [[Tensung Namgyal]], who moved the capital from Yuksom to [[Rabdentse]] (near modern [[Pelling]]). By the time of its foundation, Sikkim became a protectorate of Tibet (which at the time was part of The [[Khoshut Khanate]] until 1717 when it became part of the [[Dzungar Khanate]] and later to The [[Qing Dynasty]] in 1720.)

===Nepalo-Bhutanese domination===
In the mid-18th century, [[Sikkim]] was invaded by both [[Nepal]] (then the [[Gorkha Kingdom]]) and [[Bhutan]] (then ruled by [[Gyalsey Tenzin Rabgye]]) and was under both the Gorkha and the Bhutanese rule for more than 40 years. Between 1775 and 1815, almost 180,000 ethnic [[Nepali people|Nepalis]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chettri |first=Mona |date=2013 |title=Ethnic politics in the Nepali public sphere three casesfrom the eastern Himalaya. |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18060/1/Chettri_3563.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=13 November 2022 |website=SOAS Research Online |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113131854/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18060/1/Chettri_3563.pdf }}</ref> from Eastern and Central Nepal migrated to Sikkim.{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}} After the British colonisation of India, however, Sikkim allied itself with the British India in order to fight Nepal, their common enemy at the time.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} The Nepalese then attacked Sikkim, overrunning most of the region including the [[Terai]]. This prompted the [[British East India Company]] to attack Nepal in 1814, resulting in the [[Anglo-Nepalese War]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}} The [[Sugauli Treaty]] between [[British Raj|Britain]] and Nepal and the [[Treaty of Titalia]] between Sikkim and British India resulted in territorial concessions by Nepal, which ceded Sikkim to British India.<ref name="nepalarmytwo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/history.php?page=two|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607215048/http://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/history.php?page=two|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-06-07|title=History of Nepal: A Sovereign Kingdom|publisher=Official website of Nepal Army}}</ref>

===British and Indian protectorate===
Under the 1861 [[Treaty of Tumlong]], Sikkim became a [[British protectorate]].

[[Thutob Namgyal]], the 9th Chogyal of Sikkim, looked to the [[Dalai Lama]] for spiritual leadership and during his reign the [[Tibet]]an government started to regain political influence over Sikkim. In 1888 the British sent a [[Sikkim expedition|military expedition to expel Tibetan forces from Sikkim]].

Sikkim became an Indian protectorate in 1950.<ref name="nikkei">{{cite news|url=http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/International-Relations/Indian-hegemonism-drags-Himalayan-kingdom-into-oblivion?page=1|title=Indian hegemonism drags Himalayan kingdom into oblivion|date=21 February 2016|publisher=Nikkei Asian Review|agency=Nikkei|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403015228/http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/International-Relations/Indian-hegemonism-drags-Himalayan-kingdom-into-oblivion?page=1|archive-date=3 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Accession to India===
In 1975, allegations of discrimination against [[Nepalis|Nepali]] Hindus in Sikkim led to resentment against the [[Chogyal]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Larmer |first=Brook |date=March 2008 |title=Bhutan's Enlightened Experiment |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/03/bhutan/larmer-text/8 |id=([https://web.archive.org/web/20080326010831/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/print/2008/03/bhutan/larmer-text print version]) |newspaper=National Geographic |location=Bhutan |access-date=7 September 2016 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320163730/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=23–29 March 2001 |title=25 years after Sikkim |url=http://nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=9621#.V89C9zVGRhY |newspaper=Nepali Times |issue=#35 |access-date=7 September 2016 |archive-date=31 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131071530/http://nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=9621#.V89C9zVGRhY |url-status=live}}</ref> According to some accounts, these developments contributed to the movement of [[Indian Army]] personnel into [[Gangtok]]. According to journalist [[Sunanda K. Datta-Ray]] of ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'', in April 1975 the Indian Army carried out a surprise operation during which the palace was surrounded and palace guards were killed.<ref name="nikkei" />

Following the disarming of the palace, a [[1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum|referendum on the monarchy]] was held, which some sources describe as having taken place under questionable circumstances. Official results indicated that an overwhelming majority voted to abolish the monarchy. Subsequently, the newly formed parliament of Sikkim, led by [[Kazi Lhendup Dorjee]], passed a resolution requesting that Sikkim become an Indian [[States and union territories of India|state]], which was accepted by the Government of India under Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref name="nikkei"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Sethi |first=Sunil |title=Treaties: Annexation of Sikkim |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19780430-did-india-have-a-right-to-annex-sikkim-in-1975-818651-2015-02-18 |access-date=4 December 2016 |agency=India Today |issue=2 |publisher=India Today |date=18 February 2015 |archive-date=28 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128172513/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/did-india-have-a-right-to-annex-sikkim-in-1975/1/435037.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Culture and religion==
In culture and religion, Sikkim was linked closely with [[Tibet]], from which its first king migrated, and [[Bhutan]], with which it shares borders. The presence of a large ethnic Nepali population, mainly from eastern and central Nepal, also leads to cultural linkages with Nepal.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}

==See also==
* [[Sikkim]]
* [[History of Sikkim]]
* [[Bhutan]]
* [[Chogyal]]
* [[List of heads of government of the Kingdom of Sikkim]]
* [[List of political officers in the Kingdom of Sikkim]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{citation |last=Hiltz |first=Jackie |title=Constructing Sikkimese National Identity in the 1960s and 1970s |journal=Bulletin of Tibetology |year=2003 |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/243140/bot_2003_02_04.pdf?sequence=1 |ref={{sfnref|Hiltz, Constructing Sikkimese National Identity|2003}} |access-date=1 August 2017 |archive-date=1 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801201114/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/243140/bot_2003_02_04.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Duff|first=Andrew|title=Sikkim: Requiem for a Himalayan Kingdom|date= 2015|publisher=Birlinn|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-85790-245-0}}
* {{citation |last=Rai |first=Rajiv |title=The State in the Colonial Periphery: A Study on Sikkims Relation with Great Britain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mstdCgAAQBAJ |year=2015 |publisher=Partridge Publishing India |isbn=978-1-4828-4871-7 |ref={{sfnref|Rai, The State in the Colonial Periphery|2015}}}}
* {{citation |first=Leo E. |last=Rose |title=India and Sikkim: Redefining the Relationship |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=42 |number=1 |date=Spring 1969 |pages=32–46 |doi=10.2307/2754861 |jstor=2754861 |ref={{sfnref|Rose, India and Sikkim|1969}}}}
* {{citation |last1=Rose |first1=Leo E. |title=Nepal – Strategy for Survival |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v07Vo3vAaKwC |year=1971 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-01643-9 |ref={{sfnref|Rose, Nepal – Strategy for Survival|1971}}}}
* {{citation |last1=Sharma |first1=Suresh Kant |last2=Sharma |first2=Usha |title=Discovery of North-East India: Geography, History, Culture, Religion, Politics, Sociology, Science, Education and Economy. Sikkim. Volume ten |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kBk3xBjSRbsC&pg=PA117 |year=2005 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-8324-044-4 |pages=117– |ref={{sfnref|Sharma & Sharma, Discovery of North-East India, Volume ten|2005}}}}
* {{citation |last=Singh |first=Amar Kaur Jasbir |title=Himalayan triangle: a historical survey of British India's relations with Tibet, Sikkim, and Bhutan, 1765–1950 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4dq1AAAAIAAJ |year=1988 |publisher=British Library |isbn=9780712306300 |ref={{sfnref|Singh, Himalayan Triangle|1988}}}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100828072311/http://sikkim.nic.in/sws/glim_mon.htm "Buddhist Monasteries of Sikkim"]. Sikkim.nic.in.
* [http://www.gluckman.com/Sikkim.htm Climbing the clouds to Sikkim]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101027093510/http://www.sikkim-culture.gov.in/Kings%20of%20Sikkim/Kings%20of%20Sikkim.aspx Kings of Sikkim]
* [http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-sikkim-saga-through-an-american-lens/article4617433.ece The Sikkim saga, through an American lens], thehindu.com. Accessed 11 April 2024.

{{Sikkim}}
{{Former Monarchies}}
{{Princely states of India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sikkim, Kingdom of}}
[[Category:Kingdom of Sikkim| ]]
[[Category:History of Sikkim]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1642]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1975]]
[[Category:Former countries in South Asia]]
[[Category:Former British protectorates]]
[[Category:Princely states of India]]
[[Category:Buddhist holy sites in Tibet]]
[[Category:Associated states]]
[[Category:Former British colonies and protectorates in Asia]]
[[Category:1642 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:1975 disestablishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of India]]
[[Category:Former least developed countries]]
[[Category:Vassal and tributary states of the Qing dynasty]]

Intercontinental ballistic missile

2026-03-26T06:50:49Z

RowenaGlenny3:

{{short description|Ballistic missile with a range of more than 5,500 kilometres}}
{{redirect|ICBM}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
[[File:Atlas missile test launch.jpg|thumb|An [[SM-65 Atlas]], the first US ICBM, first launched in 1957]]
[[File:Minuteman GT 245 Operational Test Launch - LF-10 Vandenberg Space Force Base CA - 9 Feb 2023.webm|thumb|Minuteman III launch from [[Vandenberg Space Force Base]], [[California]], on 9 February 2023.]]
An '''intercontinental ballistic missile''' ('''ICBM''') is a [[ballistic missile]] with a [[range (aeronautics)|range]] greater than {{convert|5500|km|mi}},<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/nuke/intro/missile/icbm.htm |title=Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles |work=Special Weapons Primer |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]] |access-date=2012-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126100103/https://fas.org/nuke/intro/missile/icbm.htm |archive-date=26 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> primarily designed for [[nuclear weapons delivery]] (delivering one or more [[Thermonuclear weapon|thermonuclear warheads]]). [[Conventional weapon|Conventional]], [[Chemical weapon|chemical]], and [[Biological agent|biological]] weapons can also be delivered with varying effectiveness but have never been deployed on ICBMs. Some modern designs support [[multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle|multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles]] (MIRVs), allowing a single missile to carry several warheads, each of which can strike a different target. The [[Nuclear weapons of the United States|United States]], [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]], [[Nuclear weapons of China|China]], [[France and weapons of mass destruction|France]], [[India and weapons of mass destruction|India]], the [[Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], [[Nuclear weapons and Israel|Israel]], and [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|North Korea]] are the only countries known to have operational ICBMs. [[Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction|Pakistan]] is the only nuclear-armed state that does not possess ICBMs.

Early ICBMs had [[circular error probable|limited precision]], which made them suitable for use only [[Countervalue|against 'area' targets]], such as cities. They were seen as a "safe" basing option, one that would keep the deterrent force close to home where it would be difficult to attack. [[Counterforce|Attacks against military targets]] (especially hardened ones) demanded the use of a more precise, crewed [[bomber]]. Second- and third-generation designs (such as the [[LGM-118 Peacekeeper]]) dramatically improved accuracy to the point where even the smallest point targets can be successfully attacked.

ICBMs are differentiated by having greater range and speed than other ballistic missiles: [[intermediate-range ballistic missile]]s (IRBMs), [[medium-range ballistic missile]]s (MRBMs), [[short-range ballistic missile]]s (SRBMs) and [[tactical ballistic missile]]s.

== History ==
=== World War II ===
[[File:R-7 (7A) misil.svg|thumb|upright|Primary views of an [[R-7 Semyorka]], the world's first ICBM and satellite launch vehicle]]
The first practical design for an ICBM grew out of [[Nazi Germany]]'s [[V-2 rocket]] program. The liquid-fueled V-2, designed by [[Wernher von Braun]] and his team, was then widely used by Nazi Germany from mid-1944 until March 1945 to bomb British and Belgian cities, particularly Antwerp and London.

Under ''Projekt Amerika,'' von Braun's team developed the [[Aggregate (rocket family)#A9/A10|A9/10]] ICBM, intended for use in bombing New York and other American cities. Initially intended to be guided by radio, it was changed to be a piloted craft after the failure of [[Operation Elster]]. The second stage of the A9/A10 rocket was tested a few times in January and February 1945.

After the war, the US executed [[Operation Paperclip]], which took von Braun and hundreds of other leading Nazi scientists to the United States to develop [[IRBM]]s, ICBMs, and [[launch vehicle|launchers]] for the US Army.

This technology was predicted by US General of the Army [[Hap Arnold]], who wrote in 1943:<blockquote>Someday, not too distant, there can come streaking out of somewhere – we won't be able to hear it, it will come so fast – some kind of gadget with an explosive so powerful that one projectile will be able to wipe out completely this city of Washington.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Dolman |first1=Everett C. |last2=Cooper |first2=Henry F. |date=2011 |title=Toward a Theory of Spacepower, Chapter 19: Increasing the Military Uses of Space |url=http://www.ndu.edu/press/space-Ch19.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215061628/http://www.ndu.edu/press/space-Ch19.html |archive-date=2012-02-15 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=National Defense University Press}}</ref></blockquote>

=== Cold War ===
[[File:19-03-2012-Parade-rehearsal - Topol-M.jpg|thumb|[[MZKT-79221]] [[transporter erector launcher]] carrying missile container during rehearsals for the [[2012 Moscow Victory Day Parade]].]]
After World War II, the Americans and the Soviets started rocket research programs based on the V-2 and other German wartime designs. Each branch of the US military started its own programs, leading to considerable duplication of effort. In the Soviet Union, rocket research was centrally organized although several teams worked on different designs.

The US initiated ICBM research in 1946 with the [[RTV-A-2 Hiroc]] project. This was a three-stage effort with the ICBM development not starting until the third stage. However, funding was cut in 1948 after only three partially successful launches of the second stage design, that was used to test variations of the V-2 design.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Convair RTV-A-2 Hiroc |url=https://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/app1/rtv-a-2.html |access-date=2025-08-08 |website=www.designation-systems.net}}</ref> With overwhelming air superiority and truly intercontinental bombers, the newly formed [[US Air Force]] did not take the problem of ICBM development seriously. Things changed in 1953 with the Soviet testing of [[Joe 4|their first]] [[thermonuclear weapon]], but it was not until 1954 that the [[SM-65 Atlas|Atlas missile]] program was given the highest national priority. The Atlas A first flew on 11 June 1957; the flight lasted only about 24 seconds before the rocket exploded. The first successful flight of an Atlas missile to full range occurred 28 November 1958.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.century-of-flight.net/Aviation%20history/space/Atlas.htm |title=Atlas |publisher=Century of Flight |work=The Exploration of Space |access-date=2012-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011002749/http://century-of-flight.net/Aviation%20history/space/Atlas.htm |archive-date=11 October 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first armed version of the Atlas, the Atlas D, was declared operational in January 1959 at Vandenberg, although it had not yet flown. The first test flight was carried out on 9 July 1959,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.15/missile_detail.asp |title=Atlas D |publisher=Missile Threat |access-date=2012-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210160153/http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.15/missile_detail.asp |archive-date=10 February 2012 }}</ref> and the missile was accepted for service on 1 September. The [[HGM-25A Titan I|Titan I]] was another US multistage ICBM, with a successful launch February 5, 1959, with Titan I A3. Unlike the Atlas, the Titan I was a two-stage missile, rather than three. The Titan was larger, yet lighter, than the Atlas. Due to the improvements in engine technology and guidance systems the Titan I overtook the Atlas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Air Force Space & Missile Museum |url=https://afspacemuseum.org/artifacts/titan-i/ |access-date=29 June 2022 |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021074042/https://afspacemuseum.org/artifacts/titan-i/ }}</ref>

[[File:Ten Years To Remember 1964.webm|thumb|''"The Martin Company: Ten Years To Remember"'' (1964). Official [[USAF]] ICBM development promotional film reel.]]
In the Soviet Union, early development was focused on missiles able to attack European targets. That changed in 1953, when [[Sergei Korolev]] was directed to start development of a true ICBM able to deliver newly developed hydrogen bombs. Given steady funding throughout, the [[R-7 Semyorka|R-7]] developed with some speed. The first launch took place on 15 May 1957 and led to an unintended crash {{convert|400|km|abbr=on}} from the site. The first successful test followed on 21 August 1957; the R-7 flew over {{convert|6000|km|abbr=on}} and became the world's first ICBM.<ref name=FirstICBM>{{cite book |last1=Siddiqi |first1=Asif |title=Challenge to Apollo: the Soviet Union and the space race, 1945–1974 |date=2000 |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA History Div |pages=160–161 |url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4408pt1.pdf |access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref> The first strategic-missile unit became operational on 9 February 1959 at [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome|Plesetsk]] in north-west Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eucom.mil/article/23076/this-week-in-eucom-history-february-6-12-1959 |title=This Week in EUCOM History: February 6–12, 1959 |date=6 February 2012 |publisher=[[EUCOM]] |access-date=2012-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921003453/http://www.eucom.mil/article/23076/this-week-in-eucom-history-february-6-12-1959 |archive-date=21 September 2012}}</ref>

It was the same [[R-7 Semyorka|R-7]] [[launch vehicle]] that placed the first artificial satellite in space, [[Sputnik 1|Sputnik]], on 4 October 1957. The first [[human spaceflight]] in history was accomplished on a derivative of R-7, [[Vostok (rocket family)|Vostok]], on [[Cosmonautics Day|12 April 1961]], by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[cosmonaut]] [[Yuri Gagarin]]. A heavily modernized version of the R-7 is still used as the [[launch vehicle]] for the Soviet/Russian [[Soyuz (spacecraft)|Soyuz spacecraft]], marking more than 60 years of operational history of Korolyov's original rocket design.

The R-7 and Atlas each required a large launch facility, making them vulnerable to attack, and could not be kept in a ready state. Failure rates were very high throughout the early years of ICBM technology. Human spaceflight programs ([[Vostok programme|Vostok]], [[Project Mercury|Mercury]], [[Voskhod programme|Voskhod]], [[Project Gemini|Gemini]], etc.) served as a highly visible means of demonstrating confidence in reliability, with successes translating directly to national defense implications. The US was well behind the Soviets in the [[Space Race]] and so US President [[John F. Kennedy]] increased the stakes with the [[Apollo program]], which used [[Saturn (rocket family)|Saturn rocket]] technology that had been funded by President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]].

[[File:USAF ICBM and NASA Launch Vehicle Flight Test Successes and Failures (highlighted).png|thumb|upright=1.5|1965 graph of USAF [[SM-65 Atlas|Atlas]] and Titan ICBM launches, cumulative by month with failures highlighted (pink), showing how [[NASA]]'s use of ICBM boosters for Projects Mercury and Gemini (blue) served as a visible demonstration of reliability at a time when failure rates had been substantial.]]

These early ICBMs also formed the basis of many space launch systems. Examples include [[R-7 (rocket family)|R-7]], [[Atlas (rocket family)|Atlas]], [[Redstone (rocket family)|Redstone]], [[Titan (rocket family)|Titan]], and [[Proton (rocket)|Proton]], which was derived from the earlier ICBMs but never deployed as an ICBM. The Eisenhower administration supported the development of solid-fueled missiles such as the [[LGM-30 Minuteman]], [[UGM-27 Polaris|Polaris]] and [[GAM-87 Skybolt|Skybolt]]. Modern ICBMs tend to be smaller than their ancestors, due to increased accuracy and smaller and lighter warheads, and use solid fuels, making them less useful as orbital launch vehicles.

The Western view of the deployment of these systems was governed by the strategic theory of [[mutual assured destruction]]. In the 1950s and 1960s, development began on [[anti-ballistic missile]] systems by both the Americans and Soviets. Such systems were restricted by the 1972 [[Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty]]. The first successful ABM test was conducted by the Soviets in 1961, which later deployed a fully operational system defending Moscow in the 1970s (see [[Anti-ballistic missile#Moscow ABM system|Moscow ABM system]]).

[[File:Minutemen Missile And Mission 1962.webm|thumb|''"Minutemen Missile And Mission"'' (1962) Official de-classified information film reel.]]
The 1972 [[Strategic Arms Limitation Talks|SALT]] treaty froze the number of ICBM launchers of both the Americans and the Soviets at existing levels and allowed new [[submarine]]-based [[Submarine-launched ballistic missile|SLBM]] launchers only if an equal number of land-based ICBM launchers were dismantled. Subsequent talks, called SALT II, were held from 1972 to 1979 and actually reduced the number of nuclear warheads held by the US and Soviets. SALT II was never ratified by the [[US Senate]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/isn/5195.htm |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref>, but its terms were honored by both sides until 1986, when the Reagan administration "withdrew" after it had accused the Soviets of violating the pact.

In the 1980s, President [[Ronald Reagan]] launched the [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] which funded large amounts of research into space-based ABM systems, such as [[Brilliant Pebbles]]. as well as launching the [[LGM-118 Peacekeeper|MX]] and [[MGM-134 Midgetman|Midgetman]] ICBM programs.

China developed a minimal independent nuclear deterrent entering its own cold war after an [[Sino-Soviet split|ideological split]] with the Soviet Union beginning in the early 1960s. After first testing a domestic built [[nuclear weapon]] in 1964, it went on to develop various warheads and missiles. Beginning in the early 1970s, the 3-stage liquid fueled [[DF-5]] ICBM was developed and used as a satellite launch vehicle in 1975. with a range of {{convert|10000|to|12000|km|abbr=on}}—long enough to strike the Western United States and the Soviet Union—was silo deployed, with the first pair in service by 1981 and possibly twenty missiles in service by the late 1990s.<ref name="fas.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/china/icbm/df-5.htm |title=DF-5 |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]] |work=Weapons of Mass Destruction / WMD Around the World |access-date=2012-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416025855/http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/china/icbm/df-5.htm |archive-date=16 April 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> China also deployed the [[JL-1]] [[Medium-range ballistic missile]] with a reach of {{convert|1700|km}} aboard the ultimately unsuccessful [[Type 092 submarine]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/china/slbm/type_92.htm |title=Type 92 Xia |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]] |work=Weapons of Mass Destruction Around the World |access-date=2012-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219175846/http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/china/slbm/type_92.htm |archive-date=19 February 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Post–Cold War ===
[[File:Icbm-hist-en.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Deployment history of land-based ICBM, 1959–2014]]
[[File:Испытательный пуск ракеты «Тополь-М» на космодроме Плесецк.webm|thumb|[[Topol-M]] launch from silo]]
In 1991, the United States and the [[Soviet Union]] agreed in the [[START I]] treaty to reduce their deployed ICBMs and attributed warheads. This treaty expired in 2009 and was replaced in 2010 by the [[New START]] treaty, signed by US President [[Barack Obama]] and [[Russia|Russian Federation]] President [[Dmitry Medvedev]]. In February 2023 the Russian Federation suspended its participation in the treaty. The New START treaty expired in February of 2026, leaving no major [[Nuclear proliferation]] treaties between the United States and any other nation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ruff |first1=Tilman |title=The only remaining US-Russia nuclear treaty expires this week. Could a new arms race soon accelerate? |url=https://theconversation.com/the-only-remaining-us-russia-nuclear-treaty-expires-this-week-could-a-new-arms-race-soon-accelerate-269508 |work=The Conversation |date=1 February 2026 }}</ref>

{{As of|2016}}, all five of the nations with permanent seats on the [[United Nations Security Council]] have fully operational long-range ballistic missile systems; Russia, the United States, and China also have land-based ICBMs (the US missiles are silo-based, while China and Russia have both silo and road-mobile ([[DF-31]], [[RT-2PM2 Topol-M]] missiles).

Israel is believed to have deployed a road mobile nuclear ICBM, the [[Jericho (missile)#Jericho III|Jericho III]], which entered service in 2008; an upgraded version is in development.<ref name=CRS-RL30427>{{cite report |url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rl30427.pdf |title=Missile Survey: Ballistic and Cruise Missiles of Foreign Countries|first=Andrew |last=Feickert |work=[[Congressional Research Service]] |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |date=5 March 2004 |id=RL30427 |access-date=2010-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301060149/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rl30427.pdf |archive-date=1 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="pfeffer1">{{cite news |last=Pfeffer |first=Anshel |title=IDF test-fires ballistic missile in central Israel |url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/idf-test-fires-ballistic-missile-in-central-israel-1.393306 |date=2 November 2011 |work=[[Haaretz]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |access-date=2011-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103045910/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/idf-test-fires-ballistic-missile-in-central-israel-1.393306 |archive-date=3 November 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2026, [[China]] has silo launched, submarine launched and road mobile ICBMs, with the third largest ICBM arsenal on earth at over 300 missiles, Including MIRVs and warheads in excess of 1 megaton.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Chinese nuclear weapons, 2025 |url=https://thebulletin.org/premium/2025-03/chinese-nuclear-weapons-2025/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260203025251/https://thebulletin.org/premium/2025-03/chinese-nuclear-weapons-2025/ |archive-date=2026-02-03 |access-date=2026-02-03 |work=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |language=en-US}}</ref> China rapidly modernized its nuclear arsenal, along with the rest of its military forces between the early 2000's and the early 2020's. with a warhead count estimated to be above 600, however nearly all Chinese warheads are thought to be stored separate from their launchers.

[[India]] successfully test fired [[Agni-V|Agni V]], with a strike range of more than {{convert|5000|km|abbr=on}} on 19 April 2012, joining the ranks of ICBM armed nations.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3330921.ece |title=Agni-V successfully test-fired |first1=Y |last1=Mallikarjun |first2=TS |last2=Subramanian |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=19 April 2012 |access-date=2012-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424030303/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3330921.ece |archive-date=24 April 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> The missile's actual range was speculated by foreign researchers to be up to {{convert|8000|km|abbr=on}} with India having downplayed its capabilities to avoid causing concern to other countries.<ref>{{cite news|title=India downplayed Agni-V's capacity: Chinese experts |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/india-downplayed-agni-v-s-capacity-chinese-experts/article1-843359.aspx |location=Beijing, China |newspaper=Hindustan Times|agency=Indo-Asian News Service |date=20 April 2012 |access-date=13 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607123640/http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/india-downplayed-agni-v-s-capacity-chinese-experts/article1-843359.aspx |archive-date=7 June 2014}}</ref> On 15 December 2022, first night trial of Agni-V was successfully carried out by the Indian [[Strategic Forces Command]] from [[Abdul Kalam Island]], [[Odisha]]. The missile launched during this test was claimed to be 20 percent lighter, with a stated range of 7,000 km.<ref name="aninews.in">{{Cite web|date=17 December 2022 |title=If India wants, Agni missiles can now strike targets beyond 7,000 kms|url=https://aninews.in/news/national/general-news/if-india-wants-agni-missiles-can-now-strike-targets-beyond-7000-kms20221217161534/|website=ANI News}}</ref> On 12 March 2024 India announced that it had successfully tested a 'multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle' (MIRV).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=Mission Divyastra: PM Modi hails first test of Agni-5 with multiple warhead technology |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-modi-agni-missile-drdo-agni5-weapons-system-9208122/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mogul |first=Brad Lendon, Rhea |date=2024-03-12 |title=India joins select group of nations able to fire multiple warheads on a single ICBM |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/12/india/india-mirv-icbm-intl-hnk-ml |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

By 2012, there was speculation by some [[intelligence agency|intelligence agencies]] that [[North Korea]] is developing an ICBM.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/missile/td-2.htm |title=North Korea's Taepodong and Unha Missiles |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]] |work=Programs |access-date=2012-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126101747/https://fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/missile/td-2.htm |archive-date=26 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> North Korea successfully put a [[Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2|satellite]] into space on 12 December 2012 using the {{convert|32|m|ft| adj =mid|-tall}} [[Unha-3]] rocket. The United States claimed that the launch was in fact a way to test an ICBM.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna50167891 |title = North Korea says it successfully launched satellite into orbit |work = [[NBC News]] |date = 12 December 2012 |access-date = 2013-04-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130414182253/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/50167891/ns/technology_and_science-space/ |archive-date = 14 April 2013 |url-status = live }}</ref> (See [[Timeline of first orbital launches by country]].) In early July 2017, North Korea claimed for the first time to have tested successfully an ICBM capable of carrying a large thermonuclear warhead.

Most countries in the early stages of developing ICBMs have used liquid propellants, with the known exceptions being the [[India]]n [[Agni-V]], the planned but cancelled<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/southafrica.html |title=South Africa |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date=2016-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820010737/http://www.astronautix.com/s/southafrica.html |archive-date=20 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> South African RSA-4 ICBM, and the now in service Israeli [[Jericho missile#Jericho III|Jericho III]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | publisher = Astronautix | url = http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/jericho.htm | title = Jericho | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Astronautica | access-date = 2012-12-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121022200536/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/jericho.htm | archive-date = 22 October 2012}}</ref>

The [[RS-28 Sarmat]]<ref name=RS28>[http://www.rg.ru/2015/02/02/raketa-site-anons.html Новую тяжелую ракету "Сармат" будут делать в Красноярске] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906185817/https://rg.ru/2015/02/02/raketa-site-anons.html |date=6 September 2017 }} ''[[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]]'', 2 February 2015.</ref> (Russian: РС-28 Сармат; [[NATO reporting name]]: SATAN 2), is a Russian [[Liquid-propellant rocket|liquid-fueled]], [[Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle|MIRV]]-equipped, [[Heavy ICBM|super-heavy]] [[Thermonuclear weapon|thermonuclear]] armed intercontinental ballistic missile in development by the [[Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau]]<ref name="RS28" /> from 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-435.html|title=РС-28 / ОКР Сармат, ракета 15А28 – SS-X-30 (проект) – MilitaryRussia.Ru – отечественная военная техника (после 1945г.)|website=militaryrussia.ru|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915095810/http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-435.html|archive-date=15 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> intended to replace the previous [[R-36 (missile)|R-36 missile]]. Its large payload would allow for up to 10 heavy [[warhead]]s or 15 lighter ones or up to 24 hypersonic glide vehicles [[Yu-74]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/680167/Russia-tests-Yu74-hypersonic-nuclear-glider-capable-carrying-24-atomic-warheads|title=Russia testing hypersonic nuclear glider that holds 24 warheads and travels at 7,000mph|first=Tom|last=Batchelor|date=15 June 2016|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330214447/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/680167/Russia-tests-Yu74-hypersonic-nuclear-glider-capable-carrying-24-atomic-warheads|archive-date=30 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> or a combination of warheads and massive amounts of [[countermeasure]]s designed to defeat [[missile defense|anti-missile systems]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-missiles-idUSBRE9BG0SH20131217|title=Russia plans new ICBM to replace Cold War 'Satan' missile|work=Reuters|date=17 December 2013|access-date=17 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118070339/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/17/us-russia-missiles-idUSBRE9BG0SH20131217|archive-date=18 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> it was announced by the Russian military as a response to the US [[Prompt Global Strike]].<ref name=invuln>{{cite web|url=http://newsru.com/arch/russia/31may2014/sarmat.html|title=Минобороны рассказало о тяжелой баллистической ракете – неуязвимом для ПРО ответе США|date=31 May 2014 |access-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915003631/http://www.newsru.com/arch/russia/31may2014/sarmat.html|archive-date=15 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2023, North Korea fired a suspected intercontinental ballistic missile that landed short of Japanese waters. The launch follows North Korea's threat to retaliate against the US for alleged spy plane incursions.<ref>{{cite news |title=North Korea fires intercontinental ballistic missile after threatening US |work=BBC News |date=12 July 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66172284 |access-date=12 July 2023 }}</ref>

== Operation ==

=== Targeting ===
United States: Strategic targets for an ICBM are determined via [[espionage]], [[aerial reconnaissance]], and [[reconnaissance satellite]]s, among other methods, once valid targets are determined they are stored in a vault and assigned to the crews servicing the weapon. In most cases the crews do not know what their target will be until authorization is given to launch. Only the [[President of the United States]] or his [[United States presidential line of succession|successor]] can [[Gold Codes|authorize]] a launch.

=== Launch ===
The earliest ICBMs were launched from above-ground launch mounts, in a similar fashion to modern orbital rockets. In some cases the rocket was stored upright, and in others it was stored horizontally, and then lifted into position before launch.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICBM Evolutions (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/icbm-evolutions.htm |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en}}</ref>

Later ICBMs used a variety of launch platforms such as:

*Underground concrete [[missile silo]]s, which offer some protection from military attack (including, the designers hope, some protection from a nuclear [[Pre-emptive nuclear strike|first strike]])
* [[Submarine]]s: [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]]s (SLBMs); most SLBMs are ICBMs, but generally SLBMs have a shorter range than silo-based missiles due to weight and size constraints. A SLBM equipped submarine is extremely difficult to detect and destroy in a first strike.
* [[Transporter erector launcher|Transporter erector launchers]] (TELs) which are launch platforms mounted on heavy trucks, capable of moving through roadless terrain, and launching a missile from any point along its route.
* [[Railcar-launched ICBM|Mobile launchers on rails]]; this applies, for example, to РТ-23УТТХ "Молодец" ([[RT-23 Molodets|RT-23UTTH "Molodets"]] – SS-24 "Scalpel")
* [[Strategic bomber|Strategic bombers]] launching [[Air-launched ballistic missile|Air-launched ballistic missiles]].
The last four kinds are mobile and therefore hard to detect prior to a missile launch. During storage, one of the most important features of the missile is its serviceability. One of the key features of the first [[embedded system|computer-controlled]] ICBM, the [[Minuteman missile]], was that it could quickly and easily use its computer to test itself.

ICBMs usually use the trajectory which optimizes range for a given amount of payload (the ''minimum-energy trajectory''); an alternative is a [[depressed trajectory]], which allows less payload, shorter flight time, and has a much lower apogee.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gronlund |first1=Lisbeth |last2=Wright |first2=David C. |title=Depressed trajectory SLBMS: A technical evaluation and arms control possibilities |journal=Science & Global Security |date=June 1992 |volume=3 |issue=1–2 |pages=101–159 |doi=10.1080/08929889208426380 }}</ref>

After launch, the following flight phases can be distinguished:<ref>Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles https://fas.org/nuke/intro/missile/icbm.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126100103/https://fas.org/nuke/intro/missile/icbm.htm|date=26 November 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/APDC/media/PDF-Files/Pathfinder/PF305-Three-Stages-of-the-Inter-Continental-Ballistic-Missile-Flight.pdf Three Stages of the Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) Flight] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313035229/http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/APDC/media/PDF-Files/Pathfinder/PF305-Three-Stages-of-the-Inter-Continental-Ballistic-Missile-Flight.pdf|date=13 March 2019}}</ref>

=== Boost ===
[[Boost phase]], after launch, a rocket [[Booster (rocketry)|booster]] powers the missile through the boost phase along a ballistic trajectory, and is separated when fuel is depleted. This phase is shorter for a [[solid-fuel rocket]] than for a [[liquid-propellant rocket]]. Depending on the trajectory chosen, typical burnout speed is {{convert|4|km/s|abbr=on}}, up to {{convert|7.8|km/s|abbr=on}}. The altitude of the missile at the end of this phase is typically {{cvt|150|to|400|km|-1}}. Most modern boosters are [[Solid-propellant rocket|solid-propellant rocket motors]], which can be stored easily for long periods of time. Early missiles used [[Liquid-propellant rocket|liquid-fueled rocket motors]], which require much more maintenance of cryogenic systems, as well as having more expensive and complex rocket motors.

=== Midcourse ===
[[Midcourse phase]], which lasts approximately 25 minutes, is [[sub-orbital spaceflight]] with the flight path being a part of an [[ellipse]] with a vertical major axis. The [[apogee]] (highest point in the flight, approximately halfway through the midcourse phase) is at an altitude of approximately {{convert|1200|km|abbr=on}}. The [[semi-major axis]] is between {{convert|3186|and|6372|km|abbr=on}} and the projection of the flight path on the Earth's surface is close to a [[great circle]], though slightly displaced due to earth rotation during the time of flight. After the booster falls away, the remaining "bus" carries the payload, which may be one, or [[Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle|several independent warheads]] and [[penetration aid]]s, such as metallic-coated balloons, aluminum [[Chaff (radar countermeasure)|chaff]], and/or full-scale warhead [[decoy]]s. Each of which continues on its own ballistic [[trajectory]], much like an artillery shell or cannonball. The "bus" may have a limited capacity to make [[Orbital maneuver|orbital maneuvers]] to change the projected impact point of the payload(s).

=== Terminal ===
[[Atmospheric reentry|Reentry]]/Terminal phase, which lasts around two minutes starting at an altitude of {{convert|100|km|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}. The warhead is encased in a cone-shaped [[Atmospheric entry|reentry vehicle]] and is difficult to detect in this phase of flight as there is no rocket exhaust or other emissions to mark its position to defenders. The high speeds of the warheads (in excess of 15,000 miles per hour) during this phase make them difficult to intercept with anything but [[Anti-ballistic missile|anti-ballistic missiles]] equipped with nuclear warheads. The warheads are equipped to [[air burst]] at a certain altitude above the ground to maximize destruction from a given yield.

== Modern ICBMs ==
{{more citations needed section|date=September 2022}}
[[File:TridentMissileSystem.png|thumb|Schematic view of a submarine-launched [[UGM-133 Trident II|Trident II]] D5 nuclear missile system, capable of carrying multiple nuclear warheads up to {{convert|8000|km|abbr=on}}]]
Modern ICBMs typically carry [[multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle]]s (''MIRVs''), each of which carries a separate [[nuclear weapon|nuclear]] [[warhead]], allowing a single missile to hit multiple targets. MIRV was an outgrowth of the rapidly shrinking size and weight of modern warheads and the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties ([[SALT I]] and [[SALT II]]), which imposed limitations on the number of launch vehicles. It has also proved to be an "easy answer" to proposed deployments of [[anti-ballistic missile]] (ABM) systems: It is far less expensive to add more warheads to an existing missile system than to build an ABM system capable of shooting down the additional warheads; hence, most ABM system proposals have been judged to be impractical.

[[File:RS-22.ogv|thumb|[[SS-24]] rail-based ICBM launch]]Minimization of [[circular error probable]] is crucial, because halving the circular error probable decreases the needed warhead energy by a [[inverse-square law|factor of four]]; thus allowing for highly accurate missiles to effectively utilize lower-yield (and thus less expensive) warheads to achieve the same effects. Accuracy is limited by the accuracy of the navigation system. Systems that have been used historically include, but are not limited to: [[inertial navigation system|inertial guidance]] (or 'Dead Reckoning')<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minuteman Guidance System {{!}} National Air and Space Museum |url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/guidance-system-minuteman-iii/nasm_A19770995000 |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=airandspace.si.edu}}</ref> [[celestial navigation]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Lijun |last2=Yang |first2=Huabo |last3=Zhang |first3=Shifeng |last4=Cai |first4=Hong |last5=Qian |first5=Shan |title=Strapdown stellar-inertial guidance system for launch vehicle |journal=Aerospace Science and Technology |date=February 2014 |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=122–134 |doi=10.1016/j.ast.2014.01.007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rounds |first1=S. |last2=Marmar |first2=G. |title=Guidance and Control Conference |chapter=Stellar-inertial guidance capabilities for advanced ICBM |date=1983 |doi=10.2514/6.1983-2297 }}</ref> and [[radio navigation]]. Additionally, accuracy is limited by the available [[geodesy|geodetic]] information, such as local gravity.

Strategic missile systems are thought to use custom [[integrated circuit]]s designed to calculate [[navigation]]al [[differential equation]]s thousands to millions of [[FLOPS]] in order to reduce navigational errors caused by calculation alone. These circuits are usually a network of binary addition circuits that continually recalculate the missile's position. The inputs to the navigation circuit are set by a general-purpose computer according to a navigational input schedule loaded into the missile before launch.

One particular weapon developed by the Soviet Union{{snd}}the [[Fractional Orbital Bombardment System]]{{snd}}had a partial [[orbit]]al trajectory, and unlike most ICBMs its target could not be deduced from its orbital flight path. It was decommissioned in compliance with arms control agreements, which address the maximum range of ICBMs and prohibit orbital or fractional-orbital weapons. However, according analysts, Russia is working on the capability of their [[RS-28 Sarmat|Sarmat]] ICBM to leverage fractional orbital concepts to fly a reversed southern polar approach instead of flying over the northern polar regions.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date= August 14, 2024 |title=Nuclear Challenges: The Growing Capabilities of Strategic Competitors and Regional Rivals |url=https://www.dia.mil/Portals/110/Images/News/Military_Powers_Publications/Nuclear_Challenges_2024.pdf |website=dia.mil |location= |publisher=Defense Intelligence Agency |access-date=July 3, 2025}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Malcolm |date=2017-02-15 |title=The RS-28 Sarmat and the future US nuclear triad |url=https://276bb299.ch.bluepackets.com.au/rs-28-sarmat-future-us-nuclear-triad/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=The Strategist |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=staff |first=ASPI |date=2026-02-03 |title=New START expiration: views from ASPI analysts |url=https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/new-start-expiration-views-from-aspi-analysts/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=The Strategist |language=en-AU}}</ref> It is theorized that, by using that approach, it could potentially avoid the American missile defense batteries in California and Alaska.<ref name=":0" />

New development of ICBM technology are ICBMs able to carry [[Hypersonic glide vehicle|hypersonic glide vehicles]] or 'HGVs' as a [[payload]].

As the nuclear warhead reenters the Earth's atmosphere, its high speed causes compression of the air, leading to a dramatic rise in temperature which would destroy it, if it were not shielded in some way. In one design, warhead components are contained within an aluminium [[Honeycomb structure|honeycomb substructure]], sheathed in a [[pyrolytic carbon]]-[[epoxy]] [[synthetic resin]] [[composite material]] heat shield.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} Warheads are also often radiation-hardened (to protect against nuclear armed ABMs or the nearby detonation of friendly warheads), one neutron-resistant material developed for this purpose in the UK is [[three-dimensional quartz phenolic]].{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

== Specific ICBMs ==
{{Main|Comparison of ICBMs|List of ICBMs}}

=== Land-based ICBMs ===
[[File:Peacekeeper missile after silo launch.jpg|thumb|A US [[LGM-118 Peacekeeper|Peacekeeper]] missile launched from a silo]]
[[File:Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg|thumb|Testing of the [[LGM-118A Peacekeeper|Peacekeeper]] [[re-entry vehicle]]s at the [[Kwajalein Atoll]]. All eight fired from only one missile. Each line, if its warhead were live, represents the potential explosive power of about 300 [[kiloton]]s of TNT, about 20 times that of the [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|detonation]] of [[Little Boy|the atomic bomb]] in [[Hiroshima]].]]

{{legend|#FFD700|Operational|border=1px solid #D3D3D3}}
{{legend|#00cae0|Under development|border=1px solid #D3D3D3}}
{{legend|#D3D3D3|Decommissioned or cancelled|border=1px solid #D3D3D3}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Type !! Minimum range (km) !! Maximum range (km) !! Country
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[LGM-30 Minuteman]] III || || 14,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Nuclear weapons and the United States|United States]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[RS-28 Sarmat]] || || 18,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[RT-2PM2 Topol-M|RT-2UTTH "Topol M" (SS-27)]] || || 11,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[RS-24 Yars|RS-24 "Yars" (SS-29)]] || || 11,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[UR-100N]] || || 10,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} Soviet Union
{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[R-36 (missile)|R-36 (SS-18)]] || 10,200 || 16,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} Soviet Union
{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[DF-4]] || 5,500 || 7,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of China.svg}} [[China and weapons of mass destruction|China]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[DF-31]] || 7,200 || 11,200 || {{flagicon image|Flag of China.svg}} [[China and weapons of mass destruction|China]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[DF-5]] || 5,000 || 9,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of China.svg}} [[China and weapons of mass destruction|China]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[DF-41]] || 12,000 || 15,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of China.svg}} [[China and weapons of mass destruction|China]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[DF-61]] || 12,000 || 15,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of China.svg}} [[China and weapons of mass destruction|China]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[Hwasong-14]] || 6,700 || 10,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of North Korea.svg}} [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|North Korea]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[Hwasong-15]] || || 13,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of North Korea.svg}} [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|North Korea]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[Hwasong-17]] || || 15,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of North Korea.svg}} [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|North Korea]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[Hwasong-18]] || || 15,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of North Korea.svg}} [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|North Korea]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
| [[Hwasong-19]] || || 18,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of North Korea.svg}} [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|North Korea]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
|[[Agni-V]] || 7,000 || 8,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[India and weapons of mass destruction|India]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
|[[Jericho III]] || || 11,500 || {{flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} [[Israel and weapons of mass destruction|Israel]]
|- style="background:#00cae0;"
| [[LGM-35 Sentinel]]|| || || {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Nuclear weapons and the United States|United States]]
|- style="background:#00cae0;"
| [[Agni-VI]]|| 8,000 || 12,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[India and weapons of mass destruction|India]]
|- style="background:#00cae0;" |[[Surya missile|Surya]] || 12,000 || 16,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[India and weapons of mass destruction|India]]
|- style="background:#00cae0;"
|Jericho IV<ref>{{cite web |date=7 December 2019 |title=Israel Tests the Jericho Missile System; Iran Claims They're Being Targeted |url=https://beholdisrael.org/israel-tests-the-jericho-missile-system-iran-claims-theyre-being-targeted/}}</ref>
|
|
|{{Flag|Israel}}
|- style="background:#00cae0;"
| [[RS-26 Rubezh]] || || 5,800 || {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#00cae0;"
| [[Hwasong-20]]<ref>{{Cite web|author=Colin Zwirko|date=2 September 2025|title=North Korea announces new Hwasong-20 nuclear missile as Kim arrives in China|url=https://www.nknews.org/2025/09/north-korea-announces-larger-hwasong-20-icbm-plans-ahead-of-kims-china-visit/|access-date=2 September 2025|website=[[NK News]]}}</ref> || || 15,000|| {{flagicon image|Flag of North Korea.svg}} [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|North Korea]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| LGM-30F Minuteman II || || 11,265 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Nuclear weapons and the United States|United States]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| LGM-30A/B Minuteman I || || 10,186 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Nuclear weapons and the United States|United States]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[LGM-118 Peacekeeper]] || || 14,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Nuclear weapons and the United States|United States]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[LGM-25C Titan II|Titan II]] (SM-68B, LGM-25C) || || 16,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Nuclear weapons and the United States|United States]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[HGM-25A Titan I|Titan I]] (SM-68, HGM-25A) || || 11,300 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Nuclear weapons and the United States|United States]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[SM-65 Atlas]] (SM-65, CGM-16) || || 10,138 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Nuclear weapons and the United States|United States]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[MGM-134 Midgetman]] || || 11,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Nuclear weapons and the United States|United States]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[RTV-A-2 Hiroc]] || 2,400 || 8,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[Nuclear weapons and the United States|United States]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[RT-2]] || || 10,186 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Soviet Union]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[RT-23 Molodets]] || || 11,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} Soviet Union
{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[RT-21 Temp 2S]] || || 10,500 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Soviet Union]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[R-9 Desna]] || || 16,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Soviet Union]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[R-16 (missile)|R-16]] || || 13,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Soviet Union]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[R-26 (missile)|R-26]] || || 12,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Soviet Union]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[MR-UR-100 Sotka]] || 1,000 || 10,320 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} Soviet Union
{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[UR-100]] || || 10,600 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Soviet Union]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[UR-200]] || || 12,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Soviet Union]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[RT-20P]] || || 11,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Soviet Union]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[R-7 Semyorka]] || 8,000 || 8,800 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Soviet Union]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
| [[Hwasong-13]] || 1,500 || 12,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of North Korea.svg}} [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|North Korea]]
|}

Russia, the United States, China, North Korea, India and Israel are the only countries currently known to possess land-based ICBMs.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/290047/ICBM |title=ICBM |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=2012-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091130102527/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/290047/ICBM |archive-date=30 November 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-17765653 | title = India test launches Agni-V long-range missile | work = BBC News | place = [[United Kingdom|UK]] | date = 19 April 2012 | access-date = 2016-03-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180727172658/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-17765653 | archive-date = 27 July 2018 | url-status = live }}.</ref>

[[File:minuteman3launch.jpg|thumb|A [[LGM-30 Minuteman|Minuteman III]] ICBM test launch from [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]], United States]]
The United States currently operates 405 ICBMs in three [[United States Air Force|USAF]] bases.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/t/avc/newstart/272337.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704045256/https://www.state.gov/t/avc/newstart/272337.htm|archive-date=4 July 2017|title=New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms|newspaper=U.S. Department of State |access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref> The only model deployed is [[LGM-30G Minuteman-III]]. All previous USAF [[Minuteman II]] missiles were destroyed in accordance with [[START II]], and their launch silos have been sealed or sold to the public. The powerful MIRV-capable [[LGM-118 Peacekeeper|Peacekeeper]] missiles were phased out in 2005.<ref>{{cite web | first = Joshua S. |last=Edwards |url=https://www.af.mil/News/story/storyID/123011845/ |title=Peacekeeper missile mission ends during ceremony | publisher = Air force | location = [[United States of America|US]] |date=20 September 2005 |access-date=2016-04-28| url-status = live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018115755/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?storyID=123011845|archive-date=2012-10-18}}</ref>

[[File:Dnepr rocket lift-off 1.jpg|thumb|A Soviet [[R-36 (missile)|R-36M]] (SS-18 Satan), the largest ICBM in history, with a [[throw weight]] of 8,800 kg]]
The Russian [[Strategic Rocket Forces]] have 286 ICBMs able to deliver 958 nuclear warheads: 46 silo-based [[R-36 (missile)|R-36M2 (SS-18)]], 30 silo-based [[UR-100N]] (SS-19), 36 mobile [[RT-2PM Topol|RT-2PM "Topol" (SS-25)]], 60 silo-based [[RT-2PM2 Topol-M|RT-2UTTH "Topol M" (SS-27)]], 18 mobile [[RT-2PM2 Topol-M|RT-2UTTH "Topol M" (SS-27)]], 84 mobile [[RS-24]] "Yars" (SS-29), and 12 silo-based [[RS-24]] "Yars" (SS-29).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Podvig |first=Pavel |title=Strategic Rocket Forces |url=http://russianforces.org/missiles/ |date=13 December 2007 |journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces |access-date=20 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514085655/http://russianforces.org/missiles/ |archive-date=14 May 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

China has developed several long-range ICBMs, with the third largest ICBM arsenal on earth at over 300 missiles.<ref name=":1" /> The [[DF-31|Dong Feng 31]] (a.k.a. CSS-10) is a medium-range, three-stage, solid-propellant intercontinental ballistic missile, and is a land-based variant of the submarine-launched JL-2. The [[DF-41]] or CSS-X-10 can carry up to 10 [[MIRVs]] and has a range of approximately {{convert|12000|–|14000|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/02/content_11982723.htm |title=Five types of missiles to debut on National Day |work=[[Xinhua]] |date=2 September 2009 |access-date=2010-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110175201/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/02/content_11982723.htm |archive-date=10 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems/DF-41-CSS-X10-China.html |title=DF-41 (CSS-X-10; China) |work=Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |date=2 July 2009 |access-date=2010-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326182303/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems/DF-41-CSS-X10-China.html |archive-date=26 March 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://missilethreat.com/missiles/df-41-css-x-10/?country=china#china |title=DF-41 (CSS-X-10) |publisher=Missile Threat |access-date=2015-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408175732/http://missilethreat.com/missiles/df-41-css-x-10/?country=china |archive-date=8 April 2016 }}</ref> The DF-41 is allegedly deployed underground in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia. The mysterious underground subway ICBM carrier systems are called the "[[Underground Great Wall of China|Underground Great Wall Project]]".<ref>{{cite web|last = Zhang|first = Hui|title = China's underground Great Wall: subterranean ballistic missile|url = http://www.powerandpolicy.com/2012/01/31/chinas-underground-great-wall-subterranean-ballistic-missile/|work = Power & Policy|publisher = Power and Policy, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University|access-date = 14 June 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160129152624/http://www.powerandpolicy.com/2012/01/31/chinas-underground-great-wall-subterranean-ballistic-missile/|archive-date = 29 January 2016}}</ref>

Israel is believed to have deployed a road mobile nuclear ICBM, the [[Jericho II missile|Jericho III]], which entered service in 2008. It is possible for the missile to be equipped with a single {{convert|750|kg|abbr=on}} nuclear warhead or up to three [[Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle|MIRV]] warheads. It is believed to be based on the [[Shavit 2|Shavit]] space launch vehicle and is estimated to have a range of {{convert|4800|to|11500|km| abbr=on}}.<ref name="CRS-RL30427" /> In November 2011 Israel tested an ICBM believed to be an upgraded version of the Jericho III.<ref name="pfeffer1" />

[[India]] has a series of ballistic missiles called [[Agni (missile)|Agni]]. On 19 April 2012, India successfully test fired its first [[Agni-V]], a three-stage solid fueled missile, with a strike range of more than {{convert|7500|km|abbr=on}}. Missile was test-fired for the second time on 15 September 2013.<ref name="thehindu.com" /> On 31 January 2015, India conducted a third successful test flight of the Agni-V from the [[Abdul Kalam Island]] facility. The test used a roadmobile, canisterised version of the missile, mounted on a heavy duty Tata truck.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Agni 5, India's Longest Range Ballistic Missile, Successfully Test-Fired|url = http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/agni-5-indias-longest-range-ballistic-missile-successfully-test-fired-735955|website = NDTV.com|access-date = 2016-02-08|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160114090146/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/agni-5-indias-longest-range-ballistic-missile-successfully-test-fired-735955|archive-date = 14 January 2016|url-status = live}}</ref> On 15 December 2022, first night trial of Agni-V was successfully carried out by the Indian Strategic Forces Command from Odisha.<ref name="aninews.in"/>

=== Submarine-launched ICBMs ===
{{Main|Submarine-launched ballistic missile}}

{{legend|#FFD700|Operational|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#00cae0|Under development|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#D3D3D3|Decommissioned or Cancelled|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Type !! Minimum range (km) !! Maximum range (km) !! Country
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
|[[UGM-133 Trident II]] (D5) || || 12,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[United States and weapons of mass destruction|United States]]
{{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[United Kingdom and weapons of mass destruction|United Kingdom]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
|[[R-29RMU Sineva|RSM-54 R-29RMU "Sineva"]] || || 11,500 || {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
|[[R-29RMU2 Layner|RSM-54 R-29RMU2 "Layner"]] || 8,300 || 12,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
|[[RSM-56 Bulava|RSM-56 R-30 "Bulava"]] || 8,000 || 9,300 || {{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
|[[M51 (missile)|M51]] || 8,000 || 10,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} [[France and weapons of mass destruction|France]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
|[[JL-2]] || 7,400 || 8,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of China.svg}} [[China and weapons of mass destruction|China]]
|- style="background:#FFD700;"
|[[JL-3]] || 10,000 || 12,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of China.svg}} [[China and weapons of mass destruction|China]]
|- style="background:#00cae0;"
|[[K-5 (ballistic missile)|K-5]]|| || 5,000 ||{{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[India and weapons of mass destruction|India]]
|- style="background:#00cae0;"
|[[K-6 (missile)|K-6]]|| 8,000 || 12,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[India and weapons of mass destruction|India]]
|- style="background:#00cae0;"
|[[Pukguksong-6]] || 4,000 || 12,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of North Korea.svg}} [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|North Korea]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
|[[M45 (missile)|M45]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kristensen |first1=Hans M. |last2=Korda |first2=Matt |date=2019-01-02 |title=French nuclear forces, 2019 |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=51–55 |doi=10.1080/00963402.2019.1556003 |bibcode=2019BuAtS..75a..51K |s2cid=151142543 |issn=0096-3402|doi-access=free }}</ref>|| || 6,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of France.svg}} [[France and weapons of mass destruction|France]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
|[[UGM-96 Trident I]] (C-4) || || 12,000 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg}} [[United States and weapons of mass destruction|United States]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
|RSM-40<ref name="autogenerated2003">Korabli VMF SSSR, Vol. 1, Part 1, Yu. Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2003, {{ISBN|5-8172-0069-4}}</ref> [[R-29 Vysota|R-29 "Vysota"]] || || 7,700 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} Soviet Union
{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
|RSM-50<ref name="autogenerated2003" /> [[SS-N-18|R-29R "Vysota"]] || || 6,500 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} Soviet Union
{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
|RSM-52<ref name="autogenerated2003" /> [[SS-N-20|R-39 "Rif"]] || || 8,300 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} Soviet Union
{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|- style="background:#D3D3D3;"
|[[R-29RM Shtil|RSM-54 R-29RM "Shtil"]] || || 8,300 || {{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} Soviet Union
{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|Russia]]
|}

== Missile defense ==
{{Main|Anti-ballistic missile|Missile defense}}

An anti-ballistic missile is a missile which can be deployed to counter an incoming nuclear or non-nuclear ICBM. ICBMs can be intercepted in three regions of their trajectory: boost phase, mid-course phase or terminal phase. The United States, Russia, India, France, Israel, and China<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/china-conducts-successful-interception-of-ballistic-missile-in-earths-orbit/news-story/76554886bd4f48b19f24b06237d8f1ae|title=China conducts successful interception of ballistic missile|newspaper=News |access-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222183103/http://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/china-conducts-successful-interception-of-ballistic-missile-in-earths-orbit/news-story/76554886bd4f48b19f24b06237d8f1ae|archive-date=22 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> have now developed anti-ballistic missile systems. Early examples of anti-ICBM defenses were nuclear tipped systems such as the Soviet [[A-35 anti-ballistic missile system]], and the American [[Safeguard Program]], which were limited by the 1972 [[Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty]] to only cover a limited geographical area. Modern systems (which are almost entirely conventional) include the American [[Ground-Based Midcourse Defense]], [[RIM-161 Standard Missile 3]], the Russian [[A-135 anti-ballistic missile system]] and the Israeli [[Arrow 3]].

== See also ==
* [[Bernard Schriever]]
* [[DEFCON]]
* [[Dense Pack]]
* [[Emergency Action Message]]
* [[High-alert nuclear weapon]]
* [[ICBM address]]
* [[List of states with nuclear weapons]]
* [[Nuclear disarmament]]
* [[Nuclear navy]]
* [[Nuclear warfare]]
* [[Submarine]]
* [[Throw-weight]]
* [[Universal Rocket]]
* [[Project Koussar]] - alleged Iran ICBM program

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* J. K. Golovanov, M., "Korolev: Facts and myths", [[Nauka (publisher)|Nauka]], 1994, {{ISBN|5-02-000822-2}}.
* [http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/chertok/kniga-1/01.html "Rockets and people"] – [[Boris Chertok|B. E. Chertok]], M: "mechanical engineering", 1999. {{ISBN|5-217-02942-0}} {{in lang|ru}}.
* "Testing of rocket and space technology – the business of my life" Events and facts – [[Arkady Ostashev|A.I. Ostashev]], [[Korolyov, Moscow Oblast|Korolyov]], 2001. [http://cosmosravelin.narod.ru/r-space/bibliografia.html Bibliography 1996–2004]
* "Nesterenko" series Lives of great people – Authors: Gregory Sukhina A., Ivkin, Vladimir Ivanovich, [[Molodaya Gvardiya (publisher)|publishing house "Young guard"]] in 2015, {{ISBN|978-5-235-03801-1}}.
* Defense Intelligence Ballistic Missile Analysis Committee – [https://www.war.gov/Portals/1/Interactive/2018/11-2019-Missile-Defense-Review/2017-Ballistic-and-Cruise-Missile-Threat.pdf "2017 Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat"] – 2017 US DOD.

== External links ==
*[https://missilethreat.csis.org/ Missile Threat] A Project of the [[Center for Strategic and International Studies]]
{{Missile types}}
{{Nuclear triad}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Intercontinental ballistic missiles| ]]
[[Category:Ballistic missiles|*]]
[[Category:Missiles]]
[[Category:Soviet inventions]]

Ma Ambika Mandir, Musen Mata

2026-03-25T10:28:28Z

RowenaGlenny3: created the stub added tags

{{Multiple issues|
{{original research|date=October 2022}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2022}}
{{Orphan|date=March 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple|name=Ma Ambika Mandir, Musen Mata|image=|map_type=India Rajasthan#India|map_caption=Location in, Rajasthan|coordinates={{coord|24.8010695|N|76.6373779|E|type:landmark_region:IN_scale:100|display=inline,title}}|country=[[India]]|state=[[Rajasthan]]|district=[[Baran district|Baran]]|location=Musen Mata}}



'''Ma Ambika Mandir''' (locally also known as Mata Ji Mandir or Musen Ki Mata Ji) is a [[Hindu temple]] located in the village of [[Musen Mata]], about 50 km south of Baran in the state of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. Ma Ambika, a form of Goddess [[Durga]], is the presiding deity of the temple.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/rajasthan/baran/news/29-thousand-64-rupees-in-the-donation-box-of-musen-mata-temple-021603-3500149.html |title=मुसेन माता मंदिर की दान पेटी में निकले 29 हजार 64 रुपए |trans-title=29,064 rupees in the donation box of Musain Mata temple |language=hi |date=2018 |newspaper=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref> Ma Ambika Mandir is situated on the banks of Bhupasi River. This temple is situated in the middle of a forest. It is forbidden to encroach on this forest. Even wood cannot be cut in this forest. The temple is known for its architecture and serene surroundings.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

== Overview ==
The temple of Ma Ambika Mandir is well known in southeast part of Rajasthan. It is believed that a person who is suffering from diseases get relief by visiting Ambika Mata. Monday is the busiest day in the temple because Monday is the day of Ma Ambika.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hinditakniki.com/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8/ |title=माँ अम्बिका मन्दिर मुसेन माता पर 7.11.2021 को रक्तदान शिविर का आयोजन |trans-title=Organized Blood Donation Camp on 7.11.2021 at Maa Ambika Mandir Musain Mata |language=hi |website=Hinditakniki |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803051828/https://hinditakniki.com/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8/ |archive-date=2022-08-03}}</ref> Large numbers of devotees visit every Monday. Mass feasts are often organized here by the devotees. People of all age groups come to the court of Mother Ambika to make their wish. Here the mother seeks the blessings of a government job for her sons. Aarti is held here every morning and evening. There is a pool here and a tube well for bathing. Shops are set up here for worship material. A lovely river is flowing nearby. Devotees believe that praying at the Ma Ambika Temple can bring them good fortune, health, and happiness.

Ma Ambika Temple is a religious and cultural landmark in Rajasthan.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

== Legend and history ==
There is a legend about the history of this temple that this village was known as Kundanpur during the Mahabharata period. Where the king was Bhishmak, his son Rukmi had arranged the marriage of sister Rukani with the wicked Shishupala. But Rukmani ji loved Shri Krishna very much in her heart. On the other hand, Rukmi had made an umbrella of eight pillars for the marriage mandap in preparation for the marriage of Rukmani. Which is still situated in the khaliyani of Kundi. Amidst the sound of shehnais in the house of King Bhishmak, Rukmani came Musen Mata to worship Ambika, From where Lord Krishna married him through Gandharva and took him to the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Later Shri Krishna also cut off Shishupala's head.

The Musen Mata Temple itself is a symbol of ancient glory, and this temple needs no introduction. Musen Mata is the only place in the whole of India where there is an idol of love. Here seven mothers are present on the same rock. There are many legends about the appearance of the goddess. Hanuman statues have been installed on the northern side of the temple and Ganesha on the south. Ancient bricks and tall pots are also found in the excavation near the temple of Musen Mata. Whose measurement is of 12/4 and 5/3 which are like bricks found from excavation in Kalibanga and Quetta province of Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bharatibiz.com/en/ambika-mata-ji-mandir-musenmata-096496-35907 |title=Ambika Mata Ji Mandir, Musenmata, Rajasthan |website=Bharati Biz}}</ref>

== Forest and animals ==
A large number of monkeys are found here. They do not harm to visitors, pilgrims and devotees. ''[[Butea monosperma]]'', [[acacia]], and [[Azadirachta indica|neem]] trees are found here.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

== Fair ==

Every year a fair is held in the month of April, which lasts about a month. Domestic animals like bulls, cows and their calves are sold in this fair. It is the largest cattle fair in the Baran district.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/MAT-RAJ-OTH-c-12-625571-NOR.html |title=महासप्तमी पर श्रद्धालुओं ने भैरूजी को लगाई ढोक |trans-title=महासप्तमी पर श्रद्धालुओं ने भैरूजी को लगाई ढोक |language=hi |date=7 February 2014 |newspaper=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://patrikabureau.com/author/admin-18/ |title=अटरू- आटोन में कवि सम्मेलन 01 अक्टूबर को |trans-title=[[Kavi sammelan]] in Atru-Aaton on 1 October |language=hi |first=Yogendra |last=Vaishnav |date=29 September 2022 |website=Patrika Bureau |access-date=31 July 2022 |archive-date=24 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024213222/https://patrikabureau.com/author/admin-18/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Gallery ==
The temple features many statues of god, goddess and lions.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Hindu temples in Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Hanuman temples]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Karauli district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions near Hindaun]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Dausa district]]
[[Category:Exorcism in Hinduism]]

Reem Shaikh

2026-03-23T13:50:30Z

RowenaGlenny3:

{{short description|Indian television actress (born 2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name =
| image = Reem Shaikh at the premiere of Follow Kar Lo Yaar (cropped).jpg
| caption = Shaikh in 2024
| birth_name = Reem Sameer Shaikh
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2002|09|08|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2010—present
| parents =
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]]''|''[[Tujhse Hai Raabta]]''|''[[Gul Makai]]''|''[[Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawan]]''|''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]''|''[[Tere Ishq Mein Ghayal]]''|''[[Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment]]''|}}
| height =
}}
'''Reem Shaikh''' (born 8 September 2002) is an Indian actress, known for her works in [[Television in India|Indian television]] and [[Hindi cinema]]. Her work includes ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'', ''[[Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha]]'', ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]]'', ''[[Tujhse Hai Raabta]]'', ''[[Gul Makai]],'' ''[[Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawan]]'', ''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]'', ''[[Tere Ishq Mein Ghayal]]'' and ''[[Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment]]''.

==Early life==
Shaikh was born on 8 September 2002<ref>{{cite news |title=Happy birthday Reem Shaikh! |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/happy-birthday-reem-shaikh-1070903 |work=news.abplive.com |date=9 September 2019 |access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhatia |first1=Harshita |date=8 September 2023 |title='Hope the night stories didn't haunt you': Zain Imam, Sehban Azim drop quirky birthday wishes for Reem Shaikh |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/hope-the-night-stories-didnt-haunt-you-zain-imam-sehban-azim-drop-quirky-birthday-wishes-for-reem-shaikh-1241744X |work=PINKVILLA }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] to Sameer and Sheetal Shaikh.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Banga |first1=Gursimran Kaur |date=8 March 2019 |title=Reem Shaikh: I respect Jannat Zubair for refusing to kiss on-screen, but I won't mind if my parents are comfortable |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/reem-shaikh-i-respect-jannat-zubair-for-refusing-to-kiss-on-screen-but-i-wont-mind-if-my-parents-are-comfortable/articleshow/68318674.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Trivedi |first=Pooja |date=24 August 2020 |title=Reem Shaikh quits Tujhse Hai Raabta, confirms her father Sameer Shaikh |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/reem-shaikh-quits-tujhse-hai-raabta-confirms-her-father-sameer-shaikh-1714577-2020-08-24 |magazine=India Today |access-date=16 June 2024}}</ref>

== Career ==
[[File:Reem.Shaikh.jpg|thumb|upright|Shaikh in 2019]]

Shaikh started her career as a child actor at the age of 8 with ''[[Neer Bhare Tere Naina Devi]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tujhse Hai Raabta's Reem Shaikh has grown from a young child actress into a gorgeous diva; see pics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tujhse-hai-raabtas-reem-shaikh-has-grown-from-a-young-child-actress-into-a-gorgeous-diva-see-pics/photostory/68204247.cms |access-date=7 February 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=28 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Neer Bhare Tere Naina Devi child actress Reem Shaikh has evolved into a bombshell. See these pics to believe |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/photo-gallery/neer-bhare-tere-naina-devi-child-actress-reem-shaikh-has-evolved-into-a-bombshell-see-these-pics-to-believe/374847 |access-date=7 February 2020 |work=Times Now |date=6 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="patrika">{{Cite web |title='Tujhse Hai Raabta' शो की एक्ट्रेस Reem Shaikh ने 8 साल में ही कर दिया ता काम करना शुरू, बॉलीवुड में भी कर चुकी हैं एंट्री |url=https://www.patrika.com/bollywood-news/reem-sheikh-started-working-in-the-industry-at-the-age-of-eight-6361833/ |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=Patrika News |date=25 August 2020 |language=hindi}}</ref> In 2012, she starred in ''[[Me Aajji Aur Sahib]]'' and ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2019 |title=Reem Shaikh: "After Ashoka, nothing was working out for me" |url=https://www.theindianwire.com/entertainment/reem-shaikh-ashoka-nothing-working-199956/ |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=The Indian Wire |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://starplus.startv.in/show/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai/home_26.aspx |title=Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai |website=starplus.startv.in |access-date=7 September 2013 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023085744/http://starplus.startv.in/show/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai/home_26.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

She was later seen in the show ''[[Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha]]'' as Rimjhim Bhatnagar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha child actress Reem Shaikh - Remember these famous child actors? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/remember-these-famous-child-actors-they-have-grown-up-to-be-hotties/na-bole-tum-na-maine-kuch-kaha-child-actress-reem-shaikh/photostory/65477048.cms |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://colors.in.com/mena/shows/na-bole-tum-na-maine-kuchh-kaha-season2-3597.html |title=Na Bole Tum... Na Maine Kuch Kaha - Official website |work=[[Colors TV]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203121839/http://colors.in.com/mena/shows/na-bole-tum-na-maine-kuchh-kaha-season2-3597.html |archive-date=3 December 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> She was also seen as Khushboo in ''[[Khelti Hai Zindagi Aankh Micholi]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shoma-Anand-and-Reem-Sheikh-to-join-the-cast-of-Aankh-Micholi-along-with-Gautami-Kapoor-and-Ulka-Gupta-/articleshow/22044930.cms |title=Shoma Anand & Reem Sheikh in Aankh Micholi |first=Tejashree |last=Bhopatkar |date=26 August 2013 |work=The Times of India |access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref> and as Mishri in the show ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diya Aur Bati Hum Videos {{!}} Latest of Diya Aur Bati Hum - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Diya-Aur-Bati-Hum |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> She gained popularity with her portrayal of young [[Kaurwaki]], as the wife of Emperor Ashoka in the show ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]]'' opposite [[Siddharth Nigam]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Another dubbed version of 'Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat' to launch soon - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/dubbed-version-of-chakravartin-ashoka-samrat-to-launch-soon/articleshow/77193080.cms |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

In 2018, she guest-starred as Sanaya Seth on [[Colors TV]]'s popular show ''[[Tu Aashiqui]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2020 |title=Reem Shaikh: about the Indian television and film actress |url=https://thenewscrunch.com/reem-shaikh-indian-television-and-film-actress-wiki-bio-profile-unknown-facts-and-family-details-revealed/24203/ |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=TheNewsCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> From 2018 to 2021, she was seen in the lead role of Kalyani Malhar Rane opposite [[Sehban Azim]] in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Tujhse Hai Raabta]]'', and received the [[Gold Award for Debut in a Lead Role (Female)|Gold Award for Debut in a Lead Role]] in 2019.

In 2020, she played [[Malala Yousafzai]] in the biopic ''[[Gul Makai]]''.<ref name="Gul Makai">{{cite news |title=Reem Shaikh plays Nobel Prize winner Malala Yousufzai in her biopic Gul Makai. Watch teaser |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/reem-shaikh-plays-nobel-prize-winner-malala-yousufzai-in-her-biopic-gul-makai-watch-teaser/story-6zNosBUhttgiTExYGiHTAL.html |access-date=20 March 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="GulMakai_Scroll">{{cite news |title=Watch: Malala Yousafzai biopic 'Gul Makai', starring Reem Shaikh |url=https://scroll.in/reel/949387/watch-malala-yousafzai-biopic-gul-makai-starring-reem-shaikh |access-date=20 March 2021 |work=Scroll.in |date=10 January 2020}}</ref>

In 2022, Reem Shaikh was seen as Paakhi Srivastava Raichand in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawan]]'' opposite [[Zain Imam]] and [[Akshit Sukhija]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Maheshwri |first1=Neha |date=15 December 2021 |title=Zain Imam to play the anti-hero in Dipti Kalwani's Fanaa, Akshit Sukhija and Reem Shaikh join the cast too |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/zain-imam-to-play-the-anti-hero-in-gul-khans-fanaa-akshit-sukhija-and-reem-shaikh-join-the-cast-too/articleshow/88294041.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref>

In 2023, she was seen in [[Colors TV]]'s series ''[[Tere Ishq Mein Ghayal]]'' playing dual roles, Eisha Sharma and Kavya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Reem Shaikh unfolds the mystery with the first promo of her show Ishq Mein Ghayal starring Gashmeer Mahajani and Karan Kundrra - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/reem-shaikh-unfolds-the-mystery-with-the-first-promo-of-her-show-ishq-mein-ghayal-starring-gashmeer-mahajani-and-karan-kundrra/articleshow/96664855.cms |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

From 2024, she is seen in [[Colors TV]] show called [[Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment|Laughter Chefs]] which is highly applauded by audience.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Siddhi |date=17 July 2024 |title=Laughter Chefs Unlimited Entertainment: Reem Sameer Sheikh shares pics with Dharmendra from sets; calls it 'an honour' |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/laughter-chefs-unlimited-entertainment-reem-sameer-sheikh-shares-pics-with-dharmendra-from-sets-calls-it-an-honour-1329066 |website=PINKVILLA |access-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>

==Filmography==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Wazir (film)|Wazir]]''
| Kid
| Cameo appearance
|<ref name="patrika" />
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Gul Makai]]''
| [[Malala Yousafzai]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2020 |title=Gul Makai movie review: This Malala Yousafzai biopic is a half-baked fare |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/gul-makai-movie-review-this-malala-yousafzai-biopic-is-a-half-baked-fare/story-oypJHvCBIMbqILzACaE5TP.html |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Tuesdays and Fridays]]''
| Tanya
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2021 |title=Tuesdays & Fridays movie review: Anmol Thakeria Dhillon and Jhataleka leave a mark in this clichéd rom-com |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/tuesdays-fridays-movie-review-anmol-thakeria-dhillon-and-jhataleka-leave-a-mark-in-this-cliched-rom-com/ |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=EasternEye |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Homebound (2025 film)|Homebound]]''
|
|
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Chatte |first1=Sachin |date=22 May 2025 |title='Homebound' director Neeraj Ghaywan: 'What if we practise empathy and listen to the other side?' |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1082397/homebound-director-neeraj-ghaywan-what-if-we-practise-empathy-and-listen-to-the-other-side |work=Scroll.in |access-date=11 August 2025}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Neer Bhare Tere Naina Devi]]''
| Lakshmi / Devi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|''[[Na Aana Is Des Laado]]''
|Mausam
|
|
|-
|''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]''
|Young Manvi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012
| ''[[Me Aajji Aur Sahib]]''
| Megha Sharma
|
|
|-
|''[[The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir]]''
|Shipra
|
|
|-
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
| Young Prerna "Chikki" Singhania
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2013
|''[[Best of Luck Nikki]]''
|Sanya
|Season 3
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2020 |title=Avneet Kaur to Jannat Zubair; these child actors have grown into fine and stylish young sensations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/avneet-kaur-to-jannat-zubair-these-child-actors-have-grown-into-fine-and-stylish-young-sensations/photostory/78982364.cms |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha]]''
| Young Rimjhim Bhatnagar
| Season 2
|
|-
| ''[[Khelti Hai Zindagi Aankh Micholi]]''
| Khushboo
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014
|''[[Goldie Ahuja Matric Pass]]''
|Sunaina Trivedi
|
|
|-
|''[[Gumrah: End of Innocence]]''
|Smita
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gumrah - Watch Episode 24 - Insensitivity ruins a teenager on Disney+ Hotstar |url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/gumrah/2852/insensitivity-ruins-a-teenager/1000043765 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=Disney+ Hotstar |language=en |archive-date=2 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902225141/https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/gumrah/2852/insensitivity-ruins-a-teenager/1000043765 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]''
|Young Mansa
|
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]''
|Nivedita
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Fear Files - Har Mod Pe Darr TV Serial 1st November 2015 Full Episode 56 Online on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/global/tv-shows/details/fear-files-har-mod-pe-darr/0-6-118/fear-files-har-mod-pe-darr/0-1-manual_38rkc1c9s430 |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=ZEE5 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015–2016
| ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''
| Mishri Rathi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reem Shaikh ने 8 साल में ही कर दिया ता काम करना शुरू, बॉलीवुड में भी कर चुकी हैं एंट्री |url=https://www.patrika.com/bollywood-news/reem-sheikh-started-working-in-the-industry-at-the-age-of-eight-6361833/ |access-date=13 October 2021 |website=Patrika News |date=25 August 2020 |language=hindi}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]]''
| Young [[Kaurwaki]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2015 |title=Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat: Fascinating facts about the cast |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Chakravartin-Ashoka-Samrat-Fascinating-facts-about-the-cast/photostory/47093950.cms |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2017
| ''[[Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan|Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanuman]]''
| Vandevi
|
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanuman |url=https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/sankatmochan-mahabali-hanuman-1700000109/vidyunmali-seizes-lord-rams-horse-1000022164 |website=sonyliv.com }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Tu Aashiqui]]''
|Sanaya Seth
|
|
|-
|''Aye Zindagi''
|Aditi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Aye Zindagi TV Serial 2nd November 2017 Full Episode 41 Online on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/global/tv-shows/details/aye-zindagi/0-6-298/aye-zindagi-episode-41-nov-02-2017-full-episode/0-1-59fb10a48c1e539577287585 |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=ZEE5 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2018–2021
|''[[Tujhse Hai Raabta]]''
|Kalyani Deshmukh Rane
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 July 2018 |title=Tujhse Hai Raabta promo: Tale of a bittersweet relationship between stepmother and daughter |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tujhse-hai-raabta-promo-an-emotional-saga-of-a-stepmother-daughter-relationship/articleshow/65195211.cms |access-date=17 August 2018 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]''
|Herself
|Guest appearance
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawan|Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawaan]]''
| Paakhi Srivastava Raichand / Bulbul
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2021 |title=Zain Imam and Reem Shaikh start shooting for Gul Khan's next |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-zain-imam-and-reem-shaikh-start-shooting-for-gul-khan-s-next-hot-news-1499919 |access-date=15 December 2021 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023
| ''[[Tere Ishq Mein Ghayal]]''
| Eisha Sharma / Kavya
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/karan-kundrra-gashmeer-mahajani-and-reem-shaikh-to-be-seen-together-in-ishq-mein-ghayal--news-250521|title=Karan Kundrra, Gashmeer Mahajani, And Reem Shaikh To Be Seen Together In 'Ishq Mein Ghayal'|website=Outlook |date=3 January 2023 |accessdate=13 January 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Entertainment Ki Raat Housefull]]''
|Herself
|Guest appearance
|
|-
| 2024–2025
| ''[[Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment]]''
| Contestant
| Seasons 1–2
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reem Shaikh recovers from facial burns endured on set of Laughter Chefs: 'Nothing can break…' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/reem-shaikh-recovers-from-facial-burns-endured-on-set-of-laughter-chefs-nothing-can-break-101726833097169-amp.html |access-date=22 September 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |date=20 September 2024 }}</ref>
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawan|Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawan: Aakhri Imtihaan]]''
| Paakhi Srivastava Raichand / Bulbul
|
|<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Keshri|first=Shweta|date=2 August 2022|title=Zain Imam, Reem Shaikh's Fanna Ishq Mein Marjawan to stream on Voot from August 8|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/zain-imam-reem-shaikh-s-fanna-ishq-mein-marjawan-to-stream-on-voot-from-august-8-1982763-2022-08-02|magazine=[[India Today]]|access-date=26 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 2024
|''[[Raisinghani VS Raisinghani]]''
| Ankita Pandey Raisinghani
|
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Raisinghani v/s Raisinghani First Look: Jennifer Winget, Karan Wahi & Reem Shaikh to star in Courtroom Drama |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/raisinghani-vs-raisinghani-first-look-jennifer-winget-karan-wahi-reem-shaikh-to-star-in-courtroom-drama-watch |work=Free Press Journal |agency=ANI |date=21 January 2024 |access-date=27 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''Butterflies''
| Maya
| Episode: "To Maya, from Rohan"
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RBJQcqP0MI |title=Ritwik Bhowmik and Reem Shaikh on their new show Butterflies |work=Indian Express |date=23 February 2024 |access-date=9 January 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''Ek Farzi Love Story''
|Kritika Sharma
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandit |first=Vishakha |date=9 January 2025 |title=Ek Farzi Love Story: Reem Shaikh, Abhishek Verma, Mohit Starrer Showcases Complexities Of Love |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/ek-farzi-love-story-trailer-out-reem-shaikh-abhishek-verma-mohit-hiranandani-starrer-showcases-complexitiesoflove-article-117078359 |work=Times Now|access-date=11 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Kashvi Raj |date=9 January 2025 |title=Ek Farzi Love Story Explores The Complex Side Of Content Creation, Relationships |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/ek-farzi-love-story-trailer-explores-the-complex-side-of-content-creation-relationships-aa-9183264.html |work=News18 |access-date=11 January 2025}}</ref>
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Singer(s)
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019
|''Sunda Ni''
|Jassi Dhaliwal
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2019 |title=Jassi Dhaliwal's Sunda Ni |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/india-is-listening-to-jassi-dhaliwal-sunda-ni-6060458/ |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Teri Aankhen''
|Keshav Malhotra, Neha Malhotra
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Yash |date=30 October 2019 |title=Tujhse Hai Raabta actress Reem Shaikh shares the teaser of her upcoming music video, check out |url=https://www.theindianwire.com/entertainment/tujhse-hai-raabta-actress-reem-shaikh-shares-teaser-upcoming-music-video-check-215480/ |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=The Indian Wire |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|''Tuu Jo Mila''
|[[Yasser Desai]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Latest Hindi Song 'Tuu Jo Mila' Sung By Yasser Desai {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-tuu-jo-mila-sung-by-yasser-desai/videoshow/73025446.cms |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2020
|''Aaja Sohniye''
|Kshitij Vedi, Vaibhav Saxena
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Handoo |first=Ritika |date=14 April 2020 |title=TV star Reem Shaikh's debut song 'Aaja Sohniye' hits YouTube, crosses a million mark - Watch |url=https://zeenews.india.com/music/tv-star-reem-shaikhs-debut-song-aaja-sohniye-hits-youtube-crosses-a-million-mark-watch-2276480.html |work=Zee News |access-date=25 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''Future Jawai''
|Shubham Singh Solanki
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=फ्यूचर जवाई में शुभम के स्वरों ने मचाई धूम |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/jhansi/future-jawai-album-song-to-subham-famous-jhansi-news-jhs171154976 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|''Yaad Aayega''
|[[Abhay Jodhpurkar]], R. Naaz
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Latest Hindi Song 2020 'Yaad Aayega' Sung By Abhay Jodhpurkar & R Naaz |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-2020-yaad-aayega-sung-by-abhay-jodhpurkar-r-naaz/videoshow/74889389.cms |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Ishq Tanha''
|Siddharth Bhavsar
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2020 |title=Ishq Tanha: Arjun Bijlani, Reem Shaikh star in a heartwarming music video |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ishq-tanha-arjun-bijlani-reem-shaikh-star-in-a-heartwarming-music-video-6602313/ |access-date=25 June 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Meri Hai Maa''
|Tarsh
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Meri Hai Maa : Official Music Video {{!}} Latest Hindi Songs 2020 {{!}} BBR | date=9 May 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwD7fd-MT7o |via=YouTube |language=en |access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''Tum Bin''
|[[Palak Muchhal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reem - Abhishek Nigam featuring music video Tum Bin directed by Shadab Siddiqui is out now |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/reem-abhishek-nigam-featuring-music-video-tum-bin-directed-by-shadab-siddiqui-is-out-now20210303145344/ |access-date=25 June 2021 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Love To You''
|[[Ankit Tiwari]], Rika
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Love To You - Single by RIKA & Ankit Tiwari |date=16 September 2021 |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/love-to-you-single/1585687158 |publisher=music.apple.com |language=en-GB |access-date=18 September 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022
|''Minnatein''
|[[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammed Irfan]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Reem Sameer and Sehban Azim reunite for love ballad 'Minnatein' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/watch-reem-sameer-and-sehban-azim-reunite-for-love-ballad-minnatein |access-date=23 May 2022 |work=Free Press Journal |date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''Humko Tumse Pyaar Hua''
|Soham Naik
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Zain Imam and Reem Sameer Shaikh feature in 'Humko Tumse Pyaar Hua' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/melodious-note-426791 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Zindagi Bhar Tera Saath''
|Nihal Tauro, Biswaa
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Check Out Latest Hindi Video Song 'Zindagi Bhar Tera Saath' Sung By Nihal Tauro And Biswaa {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-latest-hindi-video-song-zindagi-bhar-tera-saath-sung-by-nihal-tauro-and-biswaa/videoshow/94780636.cms |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Bahut Bewafa Hai Wo''
|[[Javed Ali]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
|''Meherbaan''
|[[Sonu Kakkar]], Abhijeet Srivastava
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 April 2023 |title=Tony Kakkar's track 'Meherbaan' featuring Aly Goni and Reem Sameer Shaikh is out now |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/tony-kakkars-upcoming-track-meherbaan-teaser-featuring-aly-goni-reem-sameer-shaikh-now-watch/ |access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 April 2023 |title=Aly Goni, Reem Sameer Shaikh are romancing away in latest track 'Meherbaan' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/aly-goni-reem-sameer-shaikh-are-romancing-away-in-latest-track-meherbaan/articleshow/99848504.cms?from=mdr |access-date=28 April 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''Tera Hi Nasha''
|Shekhar Khanijo
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Raise your glasses and your spirits with Shekhar Khanijo's latest release 'Janeman Sharaab' |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/raise-your-glasses-and-your-spirits-with-shekhar-khanijos-latest-release-janeman-sharaab20231117162712/ |work=ANI |date=17 November 2023 |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''Jo Haal Dil Ka''
|[[Dev Negi]], [[Priya Saraiya]]
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Jo Haal Dil Ka {{!}} Zain Imam, Reem Sameer Sheikh {{!}} Dev Negi, Priya Saraiya |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xreT6V3PlkU |website=YouTube | date=11 October 2023 |publisher=Tips Official |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''O Mere Humnava''
|[[Sonu Nigam]], [[Teesha Nigam]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wadhwa |first=Aman |date=11 April 2024 |title=Sonu Nigam collaborates with sister Teesha Nigam for the first time for romantic track O Mere Humnava |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sonu-nigam-collaborates-with-sister-teesha-nigam-for-the-first-time-for-romantic-track-o-mere-humnava-3085060 |work=DNA India |access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" |2025
|''Khulle Aasmaan''
|Juss X MixSingh
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khulle Aasmaan by Juss xMixSingh, A Punjabi song
|url=https://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/experience-the-new-hindi-music-video-khulle-aasmaan-by-juss/amp_videoshow/118426641.cms/ |website=Times of India |date=20 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
|''Bichadna''
|Faheem Abdullah
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bichadna by Faheem Abdullah, a gritty, unflinching soundtrack of love and loss |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/t-series-bhushan-kumar-present-bichadna-faheem-abdullah-gritty-unflinching-soundtrack-love-loss/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 August 2025 |access-date=6 August 2025 }}</ref>
|-
|''Dil Darbadar''
|Arpan Singh
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dil Darbadar by Arpan Singh, a song by Tips Official|url=https://youtube.com/shorts/Ns5s8IsgydU?si=AWpMrcfxtuIsPq0y|website=Tips Official |date=20 August 2025 }}</ref>
|-
|''Jisse Tu Kare Pyaar''
|Yasser Desai
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jisse Tu Kare Pyaar by Yasser Desai |url=https://youtube.com/0HOCLVE3hiw?si=0xG6k4KYAcefsj3Y|website=Grapes Music |date=18 December 2025 }}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| 2019
|[[Gold Awards]]
| [[Gold Award for Debut in a Lead Role (Female)|Debut in Lead Role – Female]]
|''[[Tujhse Hai Raabta]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/gold-awards-2019-winners-list-shivangi-joshi-mohsin-khan-surbhi-chandna-hina-khan-and-others-win-big-479248 |title=Gold Awards 2019 Winners List: Shivangi Joshi, Mohsin Khan, Surbhi Chandna, Rhea Sharma and Others Win Big |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |access-date=12 October 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012033330/http://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/gold-awards-2019-winners-list-shivangi-joshi-mohsin-khan-surbhi-chandna-hina-khan-and-others-win-big-479248 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| Popular Actress – Drama
| ''[[Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawan]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 22nd ITA Awards |url=https://ita2022.indiantelevisionacademy.com/ |access-date=27 September 2022 |website=Indian Television Academy |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|8472189}}
* {{Instagram|reem_sameer8}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaikh, Reem}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television child actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:2002 births]]

Anchal Bhateja

2026-03-22T18:36:11Z

RowenaGlenny3: Added some details more to come

{{Short description|Indian lawyer and disability rights advocate}}
'''Anchal Bhateja''' is an Indian lawyer and disability rights advocate. She is recognised as the first blind woman to argue a case before the [[Supreme Court of India]] in June 2025.<ref name="TLI">{{cite news |title=Aanchal Bhateja Becomes First Blind Woman To Argue In Supreme Court, Challenges Uttarakhand Judge Exams Disability Exclusion |url=https://thelogicalindian.com/aanchal-bhateja-becomes-first-blind-woman-to-argue-in-supreme-court-challenges-uttarakhand-judge-exams-disability-exclusion/ |work=The Logical Indian |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SC gets its first visually challenged woman lawyer from Bathinda |url=https://newsarenaindia.com/states/sc-gets-its-first-visually-challenged-woman-lawyer-from-bathinda/52431 |work=News Arena India |date=5 August 2025 |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Bhateja was born in India. She was born with low vision, which worsened over time due to [[retinopathy of prematurity]]. She lost her eyesight completely before her Class X board examinations.<ref name="BetterIndia">{{cite news |title= 'I Was The 1st Blind Student in My College': Lawyer On Improving Digital Inclusion For The Blind |url=https://thebetterindia.com/351275/screen-readers-for-blind-visually-impaired-digital-accessibility-for-persons-with-disability-global-accessibility-day-lawyer/ |work=The Better India |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bathinda-born Anchal is SC’s first visually impaired woman lawyer |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/bathinda/bathinda-born-anchal-is-scs-first-visually-impaired-woman-lawyer/ |work=The Tribune |date=5 August 2025 |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref>

Despite the challenges, she topped her Class XII examinations and qualified for the [[Common Law Admission Test]] (CLAT). She went on to study law at the [[National Law School of India University]] (NLSIU), Bengaluru, becoming the institution’s first visually impaired student. She graduated with a B.A. LL.B. (Honours) degree in 2023.<ref name="Vidhi">{{cite web |title=Anchal Bhateja |url=https://vidhilegalpolicy.in/team/anchal-bhateja/ |access-date=23 August 2025 |publisher=[[Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy]]}}</ref>

== Career ==
Bhateja initially worked in the Tech Disputes Team at Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas & Co. before joining the [[Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy]] as a research fellow.<ref name="Vidhi" />

On 6 June 2025, she became the first blind woman to argue before the Supreme Court of India. The case involved a challenge to the [[Uttarakhand]] Judicial Service recruitment policy, which excluded persons with blindness and other disabilities from eligibility under reserved categories for Persons with Benchmark Disabilities (PwBD). The matter was heard by Justices Sanjay Karol and S. C. Sharma.<ref name="TLI" />

== Advocacy ==
Bhateja has consistently advocated for disability rights and digital accessibility. She relies on assistive technologies such as screen readers, audiobooks, and Braille in her legal work.<ref name="BetterIndia" />

She also mentors visually impaired law students and has contributed articles to publications including ''[[Deccan Herald]]'', ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'', and ''The Leaflet''. Her advocacy extends to issues of inclusivity, accessibility, and queer rights.<ref>{{cite news
|title=Meet Anchal Bhateja, First Blind Woman Advocate To Argue A Supreme Court Case
|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/anchal-bhateja-supreme-court-of-india-blind-woman-advocate-9356017
|work=SheThePeople.TV
|date=12 June 2025
|access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhateja, Anchal}}
[[Category:Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Indian disability rights activists]]
[[Category:Indian women lawyers]]
[[Category:Blind lawyers]]
[[Category:Jat]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Pandu

2026-03-16T14:32:41Z

RowenaGlenny3: small fix

{{short description|Kuru King and father of the Pandavas in epic Mahabharata}}
{{for-multi|the Tamil actor|Pandu (actor)|the locality in Guwahati|Pandu, Guwahati|the 2005 film|Pandu (2005 film)|the 2021 film|Pandu (2021 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox character
| info-hdr = Personal Information
| image = Raja Pandu and Matakunti LACMA M.69.13.6.jpg
| caption = A late 17th-century painting of Pandu (right) and Kunti from [[Kashmir]]
| weapon = [[Bow and arrow]]
| affiliation = [[Kuru dynasty]], [[Chandravamsha]]
| spouses = {{hlist|[[Kunti]]|[[Madri]]}}
| family = '''Parents''' ''{{small|see [[Niyoga]]}}''{{bulleted list|[[Vyasa]] (Biological Father)|[[Ambalika]] (Mother)|[[Vichitravirya]] (Father)}}'''Half-Brothers''' {{bulleted list|[[Vidura]]|[[Dhritarashtra]]}}
| children = '''Putative Sons''' from Kunti{{bulleted list|[[Yudhishthira]] by [[Yama (Hinduism)|Yama]]|[[Bhima]] by [[Vayu]]|[[Arjuna]] by [[Indra]]}}
'''Putative Sons''' from Madri {{bulleted list||[[Nakula]] by [[Ashvins]]|[[Sahadeva]] by Ashvins}}
| relatives = }}

'''Pandu''' ({{langx|sa|पाण्डु|Pāṇḍu|pale}}) is a character in the ancient Hindu epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. He was the king of the [[Kuru kingdom]], with capital at [[Hastinapur]]. He was the acknowledged-father of the five [[Pandava]]s, who are the central characters of the epic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2020-02-21 |title=Pandu, Pāṇḍu, Paṇḍu, Pandū, Pamdu, Pamde: 38 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pandu |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

Pandu was born pale, to [[Vichitravirya]]'s second wife, [[Ambalika]]. Pandu married [[Kunti]] and [[Madri]]. Following sage [[Kindama]]'s curse, his sons were born through the boons bestowed upon his wife Kunti by a number of deities, owing to his inability to bear children.<ref>"Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide", by Roshen Dalal, p. 230, publisher = Penguin Books India</ref>

== Birth ==
When [[Vichitravirya]] died due to sickness, [[Bhishma]] was unable to ascend the throne because of his vow, and [[Bahlika (Mahabharata)|Bahlika]]'s line was unwilling to leave the [[Bahlika kingdom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01103.htm |title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section CII |publisher=[[Sacred-texts.com]] |access-date=2012-08-15}}</ref> There ensued a succession crisis in Hastinapura. [[Satyavati]] then invited her son [[Vyasa]] to impregnate the queens [[Ambika (Mahabharata)|Ambika]] and [[Ambalika]] under the [[Niyoga|Niyoga practice]]. When Vyasa approached Ambalika, she was frightened by his scary appearance, and she had become pale in disgust; hence, her son was born pale. Thus, Pandu's name means pale.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Ambālikā |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241376.html |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=B>{{cite book|title=Myths and Legends from India - Great Women|last=Bhanu|first=Sharada|publisher=Macmillan India Limited|year=1997|location=Chennai|isbn=0-333-93076-2|pages=35–6}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Pandu along with his elder half-brother [[Dhritarashtra]], was trained in the military arts by [[Bhishma]] and [[Kripacharya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01106.htm |title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section CV |publisher=Sacred-texts.com |access-date=2012-08-15}}</ref> Bhishma also taught Pandu in the fields of archery, politics, administration and religion. He was an excellent archer and Maharathi (warrior).<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section CVI|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01107.htm|access-date=2020-08-31|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

==Reign==
When it came time to nominate an heir, [[Vidura]] suggested that Pandu would be a better fit because he was not blind, unlike Dhritarashtra. Pandu became the successor to his kingdom and was crowned King of the [[Kuru kingdom]], with capital at Hastinapura.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Witzel |first=Michael |year=1995 |title=Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state |journal=EJVS |volume=1 |issue=4 |url=http://www.ejvs.laurasianacademy.com/ejvs0104/ejvs0104article.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611142934/http://www.ejvs.laurasianacademy.com/ejvs0104/ejvs0104article.pdf |archive-date=11 June 2007 }}</ref> Pandu conquered the territories of the [[Sindhu kingdom]], [[Varanasi|Kashi]], [[Anga]], [[Trigarta kingdom]], [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]], [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]], etc., and thus re-established their supremacy over all the kings and increased the span of his empire.<ref>{{cite book|last=Menon|first=[translated by] Ramesh|title=The Mahabharata : a modern rendering|year=2006|publisher=iUniverse, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=9780595401871}}</ref>

== Marriage ==
Pandu was married to [[Kunti]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section CXII|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01113.htm|access-date=2020-08-31|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref> the adoptive daughter of [[Kuntibhoja]] and the daughter of [[Shurasena]] (father of [[Vasudeva Anakadundubhi|Vasudeva]] and grandfather of [[Krishna]]). His second wife was the princess of the [[Madra]] kingdom [[Madri]]. The marriage was proposed by Bhishma.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Debalina|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9hfHDwAAQBAJ&q=bhishma+gets+pandu+married+with+Madri&pg=PT123|title=Into the Myths: A Realistic Approach Towards Mythology and Epic|date=2019-12-20|publisher=Partridge Publishing|isbn=978-1-5437-0576-8|language=en}}</ref>

== Kindama's curse ==
{{plain image with caption|Pandu Shoots the Ascetic Kindama.jpg|Pandu shoots Kindama, who is disguised as a deer.|220|right|bottom}}
While hunting in a forest (looking from a distance, his vision partially obscured by plants and trees), Pandu saw a couple of deer in the process of [[coitus]], and shot arrows at them; he later discovered that it was the sage [[Kindama]] and his wife who were making love in the form of deer. The dying sage placed a curse on Pandu, for not only had he killed them in the midst of [[lovemaking]], but was not remorseful for his actions either. King Pandu argued with sage Kindama by misquoting sage Agastya's ruling on the right of Kshatriyas' on hunting. Sage Kindama then cursed Pandu such that were he to approach his wives with the intent of making love, he would die.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last=Ramankutty|first=P.V.|title=Curse as a motif in the Mahābhārata|year=1999|publisher=Nag Publishers|location=Delhi|isbn=9788170814320|edition=1.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Uberoi|first=Meera|title=The Mahabharata|year=1996 |isbn=9788170702313}}</ref>

==Exile and Pandavas birth==
Upset and seeking to repent his deed, Pandu handed his kingdom to [[Dhritarashtra]] and left for exile in the forest. There, he started to lead the life of an ascetic with his wives.<ref name=":0" />

===Birth of Pandu's foster sons===
As a consequence of Kindama's curse, Pandu became incapable of fathering any children. One day, Pandu was regaling the story of his birth and his wish of becoming a father to his first wife, [[Kunti]]. Kunti told him about the child-bearing mantra taught to her by the sage [[Durvasa]]. Pandu was overjoyed and told Kunti to use it to gain sons from suitable deities.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|year=1975|title=Pandava|encyclopedia=Puranic Encyclopedia: a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi|location=Delhi, India|url=https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/562/mode/1up?view=theater|pages=562}}</ref> He wanted his son to be righteous, and so he suggested [[Yama (Hinduism)|Dharmaraja]], the deity of death and righteousness. Kunti chanted her mantra and the deity granted her [[Yudhishthira]]. Later, Pandu expressed his desire for a powerful son. This time, Kunti invoked [[Vayu]] and [[Bhima]] was born. Pandu suggested Kunti to invoke [[Indra]] and a valiant son, [[Arjuna]], was born. Pandu felt bad for Madri's childlessness, and thus requested Kunti to share her mantra with her. Heeding his request, Kunti revealed her mantra once to Pandu's younger wife. Madri invoked the [[Ashvins|Ashvin twins]], and then gave birth to [[Nakula]] and [[Sahadeva]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The five pandavas and the story of their birth|url=http://aumamen.com/topic/the-five-pandavas-and-the-story-of-their-birth|access-date=2020-08-31|website=aumamen.com}}</ref>

==Death==
One day, Pandu forgot about the curse and was suddenly filled with lust for Madri. Despite her pleas, he proceeded to engage in sexual intercourse with her. After the act, his curse was fulfilled and he died. His body was cremated within the forest. Attributing her husband's death to herself and swept by remorse, Madri took her own life after handing her children over to Kunti.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fang|first=Liaw Yock|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yIv3AwAAQBAJ&q=madri+suicide&pg=PA76|title=A History of Classical Malay Literature|date=2013|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian|isbn=978-981-4459-88-4|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Pandava]]
* [[Pandeism (Godfrey Higgins)|The Pandeism of Godfrey Higgins]]
*[[Historicity of the Mahabharata]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{HinduMythology}}
{{Mahabharata}}

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Mythological kings of Kuru]]

List of songs recorded by K. S. Chithra

2026-03-12T07:45:57Z

RowenaGlenny3: minor update

{{Short description|none}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}

[[File:KS Chitra.jpg|thumb|K S Chithra at an event]]
{{TOC_right}}
Krishnan Nair Shantakumari Chithra (born 27 July 1963), credited as [[K. S. Chithra]], is an Indian [[playback singer]] and [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] musician. In a career spanning over five decades, she has recorded 20,000 songs<ref name="Pradeep">{{Cite news|last=Pradeep|first=K.|date=22 August 2019|title=Celebrating 40 years of singer KS Chithra, the queen of melody|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/ks-chithra-walks-through-her-40-years-in-the-music-industry/article29221662.ece|access-date=13 July 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> in various [[Languages of India|Indian languages]] including [[Malayalam]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Odia language|Odia]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=K.S Chithra Odia Songs|url=https://gaana.com/artist/chitra/odia-songs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=K.S Chitra Odia Song-Mani Nageswari(1995)|url=https://odiakhati.com/category/837/Mani_Nageswari_(1995).html}}</ref> [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Manipuri language|Manipuri]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]], and [[Badaga language|Badaga]] as well as foreign languages such as [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Latin language|Latin]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Sinhalese language|Sinhalese]], [[English language|English]] and [[French language|French]].<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/chithra-in-concert-and-workshop/article8315215.ece|title= Chithra in concert and workshop |author= Article |newspaper= The Hindu|date=5 March 2016}}</ref> She is also known for her extensive history of collaboration in the songs with Music Composers [[A. R. Rahman|A.R. Rahman]], [[Ilaiyaraja]], [[Hamsalekha]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Music-has-helped-me-live/article14181621.ece|title=Music has helped me live|work=The Hindu|author=Bhumika K.|date=29 March 2016|access-date=15 May 2021}}</ref> [[M. M. Keeravani]] and with the playback singers [[K. J. Yesudas|KJ Yesudas]] and [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam|SP Balasubramaniyam]] over the years. She is regarded as a cultural icon of [[Kerala]]<ref name="Pradeep" /> and is fondly called as the Melody Queen and<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=23 August 2019|title=celebrating 40 years of singer ks chithra, the queen of melody|work= The Hindu|url= https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/ks-chithra-walks-through-her-40-years-in-the-music-industry/article29221662.ece|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref> Nightingale of South India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Music is the reason for my existence: K S Chithra|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2018/jun/21/music-is-the-reason-for-my-existence-k-s-chithra-1831173.html|access-date=14 May 2021|website=The New Indian Express|date=21 June 2018 }}</ref>

Chithra is a recipient of six [[National Film Awards]], nine [[Filmfare Awards South]] and 36 different state film awards. She has won film awards from all the four south Indian states.<ref name="herself" /><ref name="Filmi Beat">{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/top-listing/singers-who-won-national-award-for-malayalam-songs-4-302.html|title=Singers Who Won National Award For Malayalam Songs |author=Film beat |publisher= Film Beat|date=13 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="Filmfare">{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28887.html|title=Winners of the 65th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) 2018 |author=Filmfare |publisher= Filmfare.com|date=16 June 2018}}</ref> She was awarded India's third highest civilian honour [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2021 and [[Padma Shri Awards (2000–2009)|Padma Shri]] in 2005 for her valuable contributions towards the Indian musical fraternity.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2009) |url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/LST-PDAWD.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs |access-date=11 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510095705/http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/LST-PDAWD.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1692337 |title=Padma Awards 2021 announced |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs | access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/shinzo-abe-tarun-gogoi-ram-vilas-paswan-among-padma-award-winners-complete-list/articleshow/80453596.cms |title=Shinzo Abe, Tarun Gogoi, Ram Vilas Paswan among Padma Award winners: Complete list |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 January 2021 |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="bhushan">{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Priyanka |date=25 January 2021 |title=SPB honoured with Padma Vibhushan posthumously; KS Chithra gets Padma Bhushan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/spb-padma-vibhushan-ks-chitra-padma-bhushan-7161363/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 January 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125174519/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/spb-padma-vibhushan-ks-chitra-padma-bhushan-7161363/ |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Chithra is the first Indian woman who was honoured by the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]], [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]], United Kingdom in 1997<ref name="herself">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/21/stories/2005072113740200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050722034447/http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/21/stories/2005072113740200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 July 2005|title=One more feather in her cap |author=S.R. Ashok Kumar |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=21 July 2005}}</ref> and is the only singer from India who was honoured by the [[Government of China]] at the [[Qinghai]] International [[Music]] and [[Water]] [[Festival]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lars Grünwoldt 2009 – Special Concert Qinghai (China)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06NkAvDXVpk|publisher=KKManagement|date=31 July 2009}}</ref> She is conferred with the highest honour of [[Rotary International]], ''For the Sake of Honour'' award in 2001{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} and has received the [[MTV Video Music Award – International Viewer's Choice]] at the [[Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)|Metropolitan Opera House]], [[New York City|New York]] in 2001.<ref name="Hindustan at MTV Awards">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bombay-times/Hindustan-at-MTV-awards/articleshow/1469710784.cms?from=mdr|title= Hindustan at MTV Awards |newspaper= The Times of India|date=9 September 2001}}</ref> She received [[honorary doctorate]]s from [[Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology|Sathyabama University]] in 2011<ref name="dr1">{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article469729.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424133126/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article469729.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 April 2014 |title=Sathyabhama doctorates for scientist, stars |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=13 May 2011 |access-date=22 December 2011}}</ref><ref name="dr2">{{Cite web |title=Honoris Causa 2011 – Satyabhama University |url=http://www.sathyabama.ac.in/sitepagetwo.php?mainref=0&firstref=100&secondref=25 |access-date=15 September 2020 |website=[[Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology]]}}</ref> and from The International Tamil University, United States in 2018.<ref name="dr3">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2018 |title=Honorary Doctorate from International Tamil University, USA |url=https://www.facebook.com/1175148472579060/photos/a.1461780063915898/2016597535100812/ |access-date=15 September 2020 |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref><ref name="dr4">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2018 |title=Honorary Doctorate from International Tamil University – USA |url=https://www.facebook.com/KsChitraSingerfanPage/posts/2066302696765659 |access-date=15 September 2020 |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>

== Hindi songs ==
{{Main|List of Hindi songs recorded by K. S. Chithra}}

== Tamil film songs ==
'''This is the Incomplete list'''

=== 1985 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="2"|''[[Sindhu Bhairavi (film)|Sindhu Bhairavi]]''
| 1
| "Naan Oru Sindhu"
| rowspan="18" |[[Ilayaraaja]]
| rowspan="5"|Vairamuthu
|
|-
| 2
| "Paadariyen"
|
|-
! rowspan="3"| ''[[Poove Poochooda Vaa]]''
| 3
| "Chinna Kuyil Paadum"
|
|-
| 4
| "Pattasu Chuttu"
|
|-
| 5
| "Poovae Poochudava"(Female Version)
|
|-
! ''[[Idaya Kovil]]''
| 6
| "Oororama Aathupakkam"
| rowspan="2"|[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| Ilayaraaja
|-
! ''[[Aan Paavam]]''
| 7
| "Kuyile Kuyile Poonguyile"
| rowspan="2"|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
|-
! ''[[Chinna Veedu]]''
| 8
| "Jaamam Aagi Pochu"
| Kuruvikkarambai Shanmugam
|-
! ''[[Naane Raja Naane Mandhiri]]''
| 9
| "Thegam Sirakadikkum"
| [[Muhammed Metha]]
| [[P. Jayachandran|Jayachandran]]
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Geethanjali (1985 film)|Geethanjali]]''
| 10
| "Oru Jeevan"(Happy)
|
|rowspan="2"| Ilaiyaraaja
|-
| 11
| "Malare Pesu"
|
|-
| 12
|"Oru Jeevan"(Sad)
|
|
|-
| 13
|"Thulli Ezhunthathu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Muthal Mariyathai]]''
| 14
| "Antha Nilava Thaan"
| [[Vairamuthu]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
!''[[Thanga Mama 3D]]''
| 15
| "Vaan Veliyil Vannapparvai"
|
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Puthiya Theerppu]]''
| 16
|"Ethanai Ethanai"
|
|
|-
| 17
|"Raasa Manam"
|
|
|-
!''[[Urimai]]''
| 18
|"Anbe Anbe"
|
|
|}

=== 1986 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Aayiram Kannudayaal]]''
| 19
|"Sirikkatthaane"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
![[Ilaiyaraaja|''Africavil Appu'']]
| 20
|"Kanmani Appu"
| rowspan="37" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Amman Kovil Kizhakale]]''
| 21
|"Un Paarvayil"
|
|
|-
!''[[Aruvadai Naal]]''
| 22
|"Devanin Kovil"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[December Pookal]]''
| 23
|"Intha Vennila"
|
|
|-
| 24
|"Maalaigal Idam"
|
|
|-
| 25
|"Nooraandu Kaalam"
|
|
|-
![[Dharma Pathini (1986 film)|''Dharma Pathini'']]
| 26
|"Mutham Katti Mutham"
|
|
|-
!''[[Enakku Nane Needipathi]]''
| 27
|"Thiruda Thiruda"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kadalora Kavithaigal]]''
| 28
|"Podinadaya Poravare"
| Gangai Amaran
|
|-
!''[[Karimedu Karuvayan]]''
| 29
|"Silukku Thavani"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kodai Mazhai]]''
| 30
|"Kaatrodu Kuzhalin"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Maaveeran (1986 film)|Maaveeran]]''
| 31
|"Hey Maina"
|
|
|-
| 32
|"Nee Koduththatha"
|
|
|-
| 33
|"Sokku Podi"
|
|
|-
!''[[Ilaiyaraaja|Mandhira Punnagai]]''
| 34
|"Pavala Malligai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Manithanin Marupakkam]]''
| 35
|"Santhosam Indru"
|
|
|-
| 36
|"Kannanai Kanpaya"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Mella Thirandhathu Kadhavu]]''
| 37
|"Kuzhaloodum Kannanukku"
|
|
|-
| 38
|"Sakkara Kattikku"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Murattu Karangal]]''
| 39
|"Kanni Ponnu"
|
|
|-
| 40
|"Rathiri Paattu"
|
|
|-
| 41
|"Naan Unnai"
|
|
|-
| 42
|"Oru Poongodi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Neethana Antha Kuyil]]''
| 1
|"Poojaiketha Poovithu"
|
|
|-
| 44
|"Kannana Kanna"(Female)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Punnagai Mannan]]''
| 45
|"Yedhedho Ennam Valarthen"
| rowspan="4" | [[Vairamuthu]]
|
|-
| 46
|"Vaan Megam Poo Poovaai"
|
|-
| 47
|"Kaala Kaalamaaga Vaazhum"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
| 48
|"Singalathu Chinnakuyile"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Rakshasudu (1986 film)|''Ratchasan'']]
| 49
|"Malli Malli Ithu"
|
|
|-
| 50
|"Kiliye Ilam"
|
|
|-
| 51
|"Yeh Naughty"
|
|
|-
| 52
|"Maachan Maachan"
|
|
|-
| 53
|"Nee Mutham"
|
|
|-
!''[[Thaaiku Oru Thaalaattu]]''
| 54
|"Kadhala Kadhala"
|
|
|-
!''[[Vidinja Kalyanam]]''
| 55
|"Kaalam Ilavenil"
|
|
|-
![[Vikram (1986 Tamil film)|''Vikram'']]
| 56
|"En Jodi Manja Kuruvi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[List of Tamil films of 1986|''Badhil Solvaal Badrakali'']]
| 57
|"Ashta Thikkilum"
| rowspan="3" |[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|
|
|-
| 58
|"Manja Kungumam"
|
|
|-
| 59
|"Thotta Sinunguriye"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1986|''Kanmaniye Pesu'']]
| 60
|"Vaanam Engal Ellai"
| rowspan="4" |[[Raveendran]]
|
|
|-
| 61
|"Vilakku Vetcha"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Lakshmi Vandhachu (film)|Lakshmi Vandhachu]]''
| 62
|"Kaalam Kanindhadhu"
|
|
|-
| 63
|"Naan Aanaiyittal"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1986|''Naalellam Pournami'']]
| 64
|"Nee Thaana Nesam"
| rowspan="2" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 65
|"Saathi Malligai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Nambinar Keduvathillai]]''
| 66
|"Gokula Kanna"
| rowspan="2" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
| 67
|"Jyothisa Roobane"
|
|
|-
!''[[Namma Ooru Nalla Ooru]]''
| 68
|"Singara Kaathu
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[List of Tamil films of 1986|Odangal]]''
| 69
|"Yen Azhuthai Megale"
| rowspan="2" |Sampath Selvam
|
|
|-
| 70
|"Poove Enna Poraattam"
|
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1986|''Panneer Nadhigal'']]
| 71
|"Rojappu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 72
|"Chinnanchiru"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1986|''Pookalai Pareekatheergal'']]
| 73
|"Solaigal Ellam"
| rowspan="2" |[[T. Rajendar]]
|
|
|-
| 74
|"Adi Ammadi Chinna"
|
|
|-
!''[[Samsaram Adhu Minsaram]]''
| 75
|"Janaki Devi"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Sigappu Malargal]]''
| 76
|"Mutthamitta"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Gangai Amaran|''Thalaiyatti Bommaigal'']]
| 77
|"Vanduirukka Mannanku"
| rowspan="2" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 78
|"Aye Athaa"
|
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Bhagwaan Dada|''Agni Karangal'']]
| 79
|"Kangale Sol Nee"
| rowspan="3" |[[Rajesh Roshan]]
|
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 80
|"Aasai Manathu"
|
|
|-
| 81
|"Naa Indru"
|
|
|}

=== 1987 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Aalappirandhavan]]''
| 82
|"Yethivecha"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Aayusu Nooru]]''
| 83
|"Bramhadevan"
|[[T. Rajendar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Ananda Aradhanai]]''
| 84
|"Padapporen"
| rowspan="3" |[[Manoj Gyan]]
|
|
|-
| 85
|"Naalai Namadhenna"
|
|
|-
| 86
|"Kaalam Iniya"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[List of Tamil films of 1987|''Chellakutti'']]
| 87
|"Kamadevanin Kadhal"
| rowspan="3" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 88
|"Chella Kutti Chinna"
|
|
|-
| 89
|"Thaayum Naane"
|
|[[P. Jayachandran]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Chinna Kuyil Paaduthu]]''
| 90
|"Unnai Naane"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 91
|"Chithirai Mathathu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Chinna Thambi Periya Thambi]]''
| 92
|"Mazhayin Thulaiyile"
| rowspan="3" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 93
|"Oru Aala Marathula"
|
|
|-
| 94
|"Yayya Yayya"
|
|[[S. P. Sailaja]]
|-
!''[[Chinnamanikkuyile]]''
| 95
|"Azhagiya"
|V S Narasimhan
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!''[[Enga Ooru Pattukaran]]''
| 96
|"Madura Marikkozhunthu"
| rowspan="9" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Sankeertana|''En Paadal Unakkaaga'']]
| 97
|"Vaanmele"
|
|
|-
| 98
|"Vaa Vaa Kanmani"
|
|
|-
| 99
|"Nooruruba"
|
|
|-
| 100
|"Devi Durga Devi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Gramatthu Minnal]]''
| 101
|"Kanne En"
|
|
|-
| 102
|"Vatti Edutha"
|
|
|-
| 103
|"Rettai Kili Suthi"
|
|
|-
| 104
|"Nee Pogum Paathaiyil"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Majnu (1987 film)|''Idho Innoru Devdas'']]
| 105
|"I Love You"
| rowspan="3" |[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|
|
|-
| 106
|"Aaduthappa Aallirani"
|
|
|-
| 107
|"Kanavukkul Kannum"
|
|
|-
!''[[Idhu Oru Thodar Kathai]]''
| 108
|"Pillaikoru"
| rowspan="3" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Ini Oru Sudhanthiram]]''
| 109
|"Kaigalile Valuvirukku"
|
|
|-
| 110
|"Mogathai Kondruvidu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Iniya Uravu Poothathu]]''
| 111
|"Oru Poomalai Athil"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 112
|"Chittu Pole Mottu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Ivargal Varungala Thoongal]]''
| 113
|"Mattrum Thurandha"
|[[T. Rajendar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Jaathi Pookkal]]''
| 114
|"Poo Malaigal Eru Thol"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
![[Jallikattu (1987 film)|''Jallikattu'']]
| 115
|"Kathi Chandai"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Kadhal Parisu]]''
| 116
|"Puraakale Puraakale"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1987|''Kathai Kathayam Karanamam'']]
| 117
|"Thudikidu Thudikidu"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!''[[Kavalan Avan Kovalan]]''
| 118
|"Oruvanukku Oruthi"
|Vijay Anand
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Kizhakku Africavil Sheela]]''
| 119
|"Semmeni Ponno"
| rowspan="3" |[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|
| rowspan="2" |[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| 120
|"Sheela O My Sheela"
|
|-
| 121
|"Thatharimi Thanna"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kootu Puzhukkal]]''
| 122
|"Innaikku Nadandha"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kudumbam Oru Kovil]]''
| 123
|"Kudumbam Oru"
| rowspan="2" |[[M. Ranga Rao]]
|
|
|-
| 124
|"Manmadham Koil"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Manathil Uruthi Vendum]]''
| 125
|"Kannin Maniyae"
| rowspan="4" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 126
|"Kannaa Varuvaayaa"
|
|
|-
| 127
|"Aachchi Aachchi"
|
|
|-
| 128
|"Sangathamizh Kaviye"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Mangai Oru Gangai]]''
| 129
|"Azhaghyiya Metha Nilavidhu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|
|
|-
| 130
|"Achamilla Pathaliel"
|
|
|-
![[Manithan (1987 film)|''Manithan'']]
| 131
|"Yedho Nadakkirathu"
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1987|''Meendum Mahathma'']]
| 132
|"Pattu Poochi"
|[[V. Kumar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Megam Karuththirukku]]''
| 133
|"Ding Dong"
| rowspan="3" |[[Manoj Gyan]]
|
|
|-
| 134
|"Adiyamma Rakkayi"
|
|
|-
| 135
|"Karuppa Adu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Muthukkal Moondru]]''
| 136
|"Ennayya Manasilu"
| rowspan="4" |[[T. Rajendar]]
|
|
|-
| 137
|"Mama Mama"
|
|
|-
| 138
|"Aazham Thriyama"
|
|
|-
| 139
|"Poove Chinna"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Shankar–Ganesh|''Nalla Pambu'']]
| 140
|"Sagara Sangamam"
| rowspan="3" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 141
|"Kodia Nila"
|
|
|-
| 142
|"Ithu Kangeyan"(Female)
|
|
|-
!''[[Nayakan]]''
| 143
|"Nee Oru Kadhal Sangeetham"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1987|''Neram Nalla Irukku'']]
| 144
|"Sammatham Sammatham"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja|''Ninaikka Therintha Mamamey'']]
| 145
|"Engengu Nee"(Duet)
| rowspan="4" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 146
|"Ilamai Rathathil Iyarakai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Ninaive Oru Sangeetham]]''
| 147
|"Aethamayya Aetham"
|
|
|-
| 148
|"Sandha Kadal"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1987|''Ondru Engal Jathiye'']]
| 149
|"Nilavukku Ilaiyavalo"
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Oorkavalan]]''
| 150
|"Maasi Maasam Thaan"
| rowspan="3" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 151
|"Aathukkulley"
|
|
|-
| 152
|"Melang Kotti Aadu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Oru Thayin Sabhatham]]''
| 153
|"Sollamathane Intha"
|[[T. Rajendar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="6" |''[[Paadu Nilave]]''
| 154
|"Kuthamma Nellu Kuthu"
| rowspan="6" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 155
|"Kokkarako Koovura"
|
|
|-
| 156
|"Paadungal Paattu"
|
|
|-
| 157
|"Chithirai Maadhathu"
|
|
|-
| 158
|"Vaa Veliyae Ilam Poonguyile"
|
|
|-
| 159
|"Malaiyoram Veesum"(Female)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Poo Mazhai Pozhiyuthu]]''
| 160
|"Nadiya Nadiya"
| rowspan="4" |[[R. D. Burman]]
|
|
|-
| 161
|"Emama"
|
|
|-
| 162
|"Ellarum Paithiyam"
|
|
|-
| 163
|"My Name Is Aasha"
|
|
|-
!''[[Poo Poova Poothirukku]]''
| 164
|"Kuku Kuku Kuyile"
| rowspan="3" |[[T. Rajendar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[T. Rajendar|''Pookkal Vidum Thoodhu'']]
| 165
|"Paadu Paatu"
|
|
|-
| 166
|"Moongil Katoram"(Duet)
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1987|''Poove Ilam Poove'']]
| 167
|"Putham Pudhiyadhu"
|Amal Dev
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Poovizhi Vasalile]]''
| 168
|"Oru Kiliyin"(Female)
| rowspan="4" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 169
|"Oru Kiliyin"(Duet)
|
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja|''Puyal Paadum Paattu'']]
| 170
|"Kannaana Kanne"
|
|
|-
| 171
|"Annadam Kasatapattalum"
|
|
|-
!''[[Raja Mariyadhai]]''
| 172
|"Vannakkiliye Vadi Veliye"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Rettai Vaal Kuruvi]]''
| 173
|"Suthanthiratha Vaangi Puttom"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 174
|"Thathedutha Muthu Pillai"
|
|
|-
!''[[Sattam Oru Vilayaattu]]''
| 175
|"Sugam Tharum Nila"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Thaye Neeye Thunai]]''
| 176
|"Bhuvaneshwari"
| rowspan="3" |[[Raveendran]]
|
|
|-
| 177
|"Aayiram Kangal"
|
|
|-
| 178
|"Chella Kiliye"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Theertha Karaiyinile]]''
| 179
|"Kotti Kidakkuthu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 180
|"Vizhiyil Pudhu Kavithai"
|
|
|-
!''[[Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi]]''
| 181
|"Kattipudi Samy Dharisanam"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Thulasi (1987 film)|Thulasi]]''
| 182
|"Anbe Idhu Kadhal"
| rowspan="2" |Sampath Selvam
|
|
|-
| 183
|"Kathavu Thoranthu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Ullam Kavarntha Kalvan]]''
| 184
|"Kalangathale Oru Padam"
| rowspan="4" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 185
|"Poothendral Pogum Pathai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja|''Vaazhga Valarga'']]
| 186
|"Thoondaa Mani"
|
|
|-
| 187
|"Apoothu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Vedham Pudhithu]]''
| 188
|"Kannukkul Nooru"
| rowspan="2" |[[Devendran]]
|
|
|-
| 189
|"Putham Pudhu Olai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Veerapandiyan]]''
| 190
|"Chittu Kuruvi"
| rowspan="3" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 191
|"Muthumani Pullaku"
|
|
|-
| 192
|"Maalaiya Katta"
|
|
|-
!''[[Veeran Veluthambi]]''
| 193
|"Vechakuri"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
![[Velaikkaran (1987 film)|''Velaikkaran'']]
| 194
|"Va Va Va Kanna"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Velundu Vinaiyillai]]''
| 195
|"Pothaicha"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Vilangu]]''
| 196
|"Enna Aachchu Enna Aachchu"
|[[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Gangai Amaran|''Yettiki Potti'']]
| 197
|"Unnaippola"
| rowspan="3" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 198
|"Rosave Rasa"
|
|
|-
| 199
|"Ketten Naan"
|
|
|}

=== 1988 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Agni Natchathiram]]''
| 200
| "Ninnukori Varanam"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|
|-
| 201
|"Vaa Vaa Anbe Anbe"
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|
|-
!''[[Adimai Vilangu]]''
| 202
|"Nelave Ippa"
|Sampath-Selvam
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Annanagar Mudhal Theru]]''
| 203
|"Ennai Kathai"(Female)
| rowspan="2" |[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
| 204
|"Medhuva Medhuva"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Aval Mella Sirithal]]''
| 205
|"Medai Meedu Aadum"
| rowspan="3" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 206
|"Aavaram Poovatha"
|
|
|-
| 207
|"Thegam Yengum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Dharmathin Thalaivan]]''
| 208
|"Muthamizh Kaviyae"
| rowspan="11" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 209
|"Velli Mani Kinnathiley"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja|''Dhayam Onnu'']]
| 210
|"Kotti Kidakku"
|
|
|-
| 211
|"Naane Un Kaathali"
|
|
|-
| 212
|"Pogathey Saaru"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="6" |''[[En Bommukutty Ammavukku]]''
| 213
|"Chitra Chittugal"
|
|
|-
| 214
|"Kuyile Kuyile"(Duet)
|
|
|-
| 215
|"Kuyile Kuyile"(Female)
|
|
|-
| 216
|"Nallorgal Unnai"
|
|
|-
| 217
|"Uyire Uyirin"
|
|
|-
| 218
|"Yaiyaiya Yaiyaiya"
|
|
|-
!''[[En Thamizh En Makkal]]''
| 219
|"Aarambichu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
!''[[En Thangachi Padichava]]''
| 220
|"Sondha Somaya Thooki Thooki"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[En Thangai Kalyani]]''
| 221
|"Degam Suduguthu Vaadi"
| rowspan="3" |[[T. Rajendar]]
|
|
|-
| 222
|"Ellaame En Thangachi"
|
|
|-
| 223
|"Thanandhani Kaatukulla"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[En Uyir Kannamma]]''
| 224
|"Salangai Satham"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 225
|"Mathalam Kotta"
|
|
|-
| 226
|"Yaarai Keattu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[En Vazhi Thani Vazhi (1988 film)|''En Vazhi Thani Vazhi'']]
| 227
|"Kadhal Paravai"
| rowspan="2" |[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
| 228
|"Pillai Pookkal"
|
|
|-
!''[[Ennai Vittu Pogaathe]]''
| 229
|"Valaattum"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Ganam Courtar Avargale]]''
| 230
|"Motta"
| rowspan="3" |[[Devendran]]
|
|
|-
| 231
|"Kadal Kavidai"
|
|
|-
| 232
|"Aasaikku Pooja"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Guru Sishyan (1988 film)|''Guru Sishyan'']]
| 233
|"Vaa Vaa Vanji"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 234
|"Jingidi Jingidi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Janaki Ramudu|''Idhaya Devathai'']]
| 235
|"En Idhayam"
| rowspan="5" |[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|
|
|-
| 236
|"Vai Kilinja"
|
|
|-
| 237
|"Ennodu Sruthi"
|
|
|-
| 238
|"Evan Idhi Viduthana"
|
|
|-
| 239
|"Kiligal"
|
|
|-
![[Idhu Namma Aalu (1988 film)|''Idhu Namma Aalu'']]
| 240
|"Ammadi Idhu Thaan Kadhala"
|[[K. Bhagyaraj]]
|
|
|-
![[Illam (film)|''Illam'']]
| 241
|"Manjal Nilla"
| rowspan="8" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Irandil Ondru]]''
| 242
|"Naarinil Poo Thoduthu"
|
|
|-
| 243
|"Sangeetha Poo"
|
|
|-
| 244
|"Oru Vetti Vanthu"
|
|
|-
| 245
|"Kadhalukku Thoothu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Ithu Engal Neethi]]''
| 246
|"Padithen Padithen"
|
|
|-
| 247
|"Puthusaali Raaja"
|
|
|-
| 248
|"Unnattam Pillai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Jeeva (1988 film)|Jeeva]]''
| 249
|"Hero Vandhachu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 250
|"Pattuvanna Rosa"
|
|
|-
!''[[List of Tamil films of 1988|Kadarkarai Thaagam]]''
| 251
|"O My Darling"
| rowspan="2" |[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
![[Kaliyugam (1988 film)|''Kaliyugam'']]
| 252
|"Ilanguyil Paadutho"
|
|
|-
!''Kalyana Paravaigal''
| 253
|"Alli Poova"
|Rajan & Rajan
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kan Simittum Neram]]''
| 254
|"Mamanthan"
| rowspan="2" |V. S. Narasimman
|
|
|-
| 255
|"Vizhigalil Kodi Abinayam"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Kodi Parakuthu]]''
| 256
|"Annai Madiyil"(Female)
| rowspan="4" |[[Hamsalekha]]
|
|
|-
| 257
|"Oh Kadhal Ennai"
|
|
|-
| 258
|"Selai Mattum"
|
|
|-
| 259
|"Thondaikkulle"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Gangai Amaran|''Kovil Mani Osai'']]
| 260
|"Odapatti Pichamuthu"
| rowspan="4" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 261
|"Pulla Pulla Vayasu Pulla"
|
|
|-
| 262
|"Gala Gala Galavena"
|
|
|-
| 263
|"Koora Podavakatti"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Kunguma Kodu]]''
| 264
|"Thamarai Poovithazh"
| rowspan="3" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 265
|"Vaanam Kotuthu Veliye"
|
|
|-
| 266
|"Thendral Adikuthu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Mappillai Sir|''Maappillai Sir'']]
| 267
|"Daddy Daddy"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 268
|"Pattuppoovai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Manamagale Vaa]]''
| 269
|"Ponmaanai"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 270
|"Thanniye"
|
|
|-
!''[[Manasukkul Mathappu]]''
| 271
|"Poonthendrale"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
![[Premasiri Khemadasa|''Melam Kottu Thali Kattu'']]
| 272
|"Kattimelam Kotta Venum"
|[[Premasiri Khemadasa]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Nallavan (1988 film)|''Nallavan'']]
| 273
|"Mellam Kotti"
| rowspan="2" |[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
| 274
|"Vaanmegam"
|
|
|-
!''[[Nethiyadi]]''
| 275
|"Kookkuvena Koovum"
|[[Pandiarajan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Chandrabose (composer)|''Oomai Kuyil'']]
| 276
|"Poo Mudikanum"
| rowspan="2" |[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
| 277
|"Yen Rasathi Nee"
|
|
|-
!''[[Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam]]''
| 278
|"Malaiyoram Mayile"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Paadatha Thenikkal]]''
| 279
|"Vanna Nilave"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Paarthal Pasu]]''
| 280
|"En Rasa Yaro"
|
|
|-
| 281
|"Aadai Maatra"
|
|
|-
!''[[Paasa Paravaigal]]''
| 282
|"Thenpandi Thamizhe En"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Paatti Sollai Thattathe]]''
| 283
|"Vannathi Poochi"
| rowspan="3" |[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
| 284
|"Vethala Madichi"(Version l)
|
|
|-
| 285
|"Vethala Madichi"(Version ll)
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1988|''Pattikaatu Thambi'']]
| 286
|"Nandoorudhu Nariyoorudhu"
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Poonthotta Kaavalkaaran]]''
| 287
|"Paramal Paartha Nenjam"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 288
|"En Uyire Va"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Poovizhi Raja]]''
| 289
|"Eerachelai"
| rowspan="2" |Yuvaraj
|
|
|-
| 290
|"Oh Nenjodu Raagam"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Poovukkul Boogambam]]''
| 291
|"Naal Varuthu"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. P. Venkatesh]]
|
|
|-
| 292
|"Thethi Sollattuma"
|
|
|-
![[S. A. Rajkumar|''Poovum Puyalum'']]
| 293
|"Eruthe"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Puthiya Vaanam]]''
| 294
|"Raakuyile"
|[[Hamsalekha]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Raasave Unnai Nambi]]''
| 295
|"Kaalai Nera Raagamey"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 296
|"Kamma Kara Yoram"
|
|
|-
!''[[Raththa Dhanam]]''
| 297
|"Neelu Konam"
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Rayilukku Neramachu]]''
| 298
|"Raaj Nagam"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[List of Tamil films of 1988|''Rendum Rendum Anju'']]
| 299
|"Ethukkum Oru Neram"
| rowspan="3" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 300
|"Ganak Karunguyile"
|
|
|-
| 301
|"Penneer Poovin"
|
|
|-
![[Gangai Amaran|''Sakkarai Panthal'']]
| 302
|"Urummunnu Urumuthadi"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Senthoora Poove]]''
| 303
|"Chinna Kannan"
|[[Manoj Gyan]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Shenbagamae Shenbagamae]]''
| 304
|"Saami En Thaali"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Sigappu Thali]]''
| 305
|"Oda Thani Uppu Thani"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Soora Samhaaram]]''
| 306
|"Naan Enbathu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 307
|"Neela Kuyile"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[M. S. Viswanathan|''Sudhanthira Naattin Adimaigal'']]
| 308
|"Ponno Maniyo"
| rowspan="2" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
| 309
|"En Annai Desamey"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1988|''Thaai Paasam'']]
| 310
|"Neeye Neeye Neeye"
| rowspan="4" |[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
| 311
|"Othaiyila Nikkuriye"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Thaimel Aanai]]''
| 312
|"Chinna Kanna"(Version l)
|
|
|-
| 313
|"Chinna Kanna"(Version ll)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Thambi Thanga Kambi]]''
| 314
|"Sri Ranjani"
| rowspan="2" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 315
|"Aaiyram Thalaimurai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[List of Tamil films of 1988|''Thanga Kalasam'']]
| 316
|"Thamaraielayil"
| rowspan="6" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 317
|"Engum Inbham"
|
|[[P. Jayachandran]]
|-
| 318
|"Thamizhgnana"
|
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| 319
|"Kaalamenum Kadalinile"
|
|
|-
| 320
|"Kanniyaval Naanukiraal"
|
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
![[M. S. Viswanathan|''Thappu Kanakku'']]
| 321
|"Oru Poovai Pondra"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[K. Bhagyaraj|''Thenpandi Seemaiyile'']]
| 322
|"Ae Rajadhi"
| rowspan="2" |[[K. Bhagyaraj]]
|
|
|-
| 323
|"Ae Machan"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Therkathi Kallan]]''
| 324
|"Inthiran Ketahu"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 325
|"Pottu Vachu Pokkuporen"
|
|
|-
| 326
|"Thilla Thaangu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Unnal Mudiyum Thambi]]''
| 327
|"Ithazhil Kathai"
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 328
|"Enna Samayalo"
|
|
|-
!''[[Urimai Geetham]]''
| 329
|"Ponmaanney"
|[[Manoj Gyan]]
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Uzhaithu Vaazha Vendum]]''
| 330
|"Muthukkal Pathikkatha"
| rowspan="2" |[[Devendran]]
|
|
|-
| 331
|"Ponmangani"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Vasanthi (1988 film)|Vasanthi]]''
| 332
|"Santhosham"(Version ll)
| rowspan="2" |[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
| 333
|"Ravivarman"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Abhinandana|''Kathal Geetham'']]
| 334
|"Sonthakkara"(Version l)
| rowspan="4" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 335
|"Manjal Andhi"
|
|
|-
| 336
|"Kankaniley"
|
|
|-
| 337
|"Sonthakkara"(Version ll)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Akkineni Nageswara Rao|''Thirutha Mudiyatha Theerpu'']]
| 338
|"Nenjame Thulluthey"
| rowspan="3" |[[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Vairamuthu]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 339
|"Nithila Poove Thookamum"
|
|-
| 340
|"Evans Manmatha"
|
|}

=== 1989 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Aararo Aariraro]]''
| 341
|"Odappakkam Oru Kuruvi"
|[[K. Bhagyaraj]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Prema (1989 film)|''Anbu Chinnam'']]
| 342
|"Ippo Ippo"
| rowspan="4" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 343
|"Aathadi Etho"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Anbu Kattalai]]''
| 344
|"Ponmaaney Ponmaaney"
|
|
|-
| 345
|"Vethalai Vethalai"
|
|
|-
!''[[Andru Peytha Mazhaiyil]]''
| 346
|"Cukko Cukko"
|Thayanban
|
|
|-
!''[[Annakili Sonna Kathai]]''
| 347
|"Kanmaniye"
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Annanukku Jai (1989 film)|Annanukku Jai]]''
| 348
|"Solai Ilanguyile"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Athaimadi Methaiadi]]''
| 349
|"I Love You"
|SR Vasu
|
|
|-
!''[[Chinna Chinna Aasaigal]]''
| 350
|"Ilayavale"
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Chinnappadass]]''
| 351
|"Vaanam Thodatha"
| rowspan="4" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 352
|"Pakku Vethalai"
|
|
|-
| 353
|"Paadum Baktha Meera"
|
|
|-
| 354
|"Athi Ithu Ethu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[List of Tamil films of 1989|''Dharma Devan'']]
| 355
|"Yedho Gnabagam"
| rowspan="3" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 356
|"Kannumilla Kadhumilla"
|
|
|-
| 357
|"Dharma Devan Koyilil"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Ilaiyaraaja|Dharmam Vellum]]''
| 358
|"Devi Devi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 359
|"Mappile Sella"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[List of Tamil films of 1989|''Dilli Babu'']]
| 360
|"Pu Oda Addatha Kathu"
| rowspan="5" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 361
|"Kathalisa Intha Dilli"
|
|
|-
| 362
|"Koora Pudavai Onnu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Gangai Amaran|Ellame En Thangachi]]''
| 363
|"Vaanampaadi Paadum Neram"
|
|
|-
| 364
|"Enna Maamanu Sonna Enna"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[S. P. Venkatesh|En Kanavar]]''
| 365
|"Yenthan Ennodu"(Version l)
| rowspan="4" |[[S. P. Venkatesh]]
|
|
|-
| 366
|"Vedan Thedum"
|
|
|-
| 367
|"Yenthan Ennodu"(Version ll)
|
|
|-
| 368
|"Netru Paarthado"
|
|
|-
!''[[En Rathathin Rathame]]''
| 369
|"Indha Raagamum"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[En Thangai (1989 film)|''En Thangai'']]
| 370
|"Hey Beauty"
| rowspan="3" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 371
|"Appan"
|
|
|-
| 372
|"Poovukkulle"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Enga Ooru Mappillai]]''
| 373
|"Vaanathula Velli"
| rowspan="10" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 374
|"En Kaveriye"
|
|
|-
| 375
|"Kodupatha"
|
|
|-
!''[[Enne Petha Raasa]]''
| 376
|"Sondham Ondrai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Geethanjali (1989 film)|''Idhayathai Thirudathe'']]
| 377
|"Oh Priya Priya"
|
|
|-
| 378
|"Kaattukulle Paatu Sollum"
|
|
|-
| 379
|"Aththadi Ammadi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Indrudu Chandrudu|Indhiran Chandhiran]]''
| 380
|"College Degreeyum"
|
|
|-
| 381
|"Nooru Nooru Mutham"
|
|
|-
| 382
|"Kadhal Ragamum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Agni (1989 film)|''Idhayathil Oru Udhayam'']]
| 383
|"En Alli Rani"
| rowspan="4" |[[Hamsalekha]]
|
|
|-
| 384
|"Manmatha Banam"
|
|
|-
| 385
|"Naan Vanthen"
|
|
|-
| 386
|"O Penmani Kanmani"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Chandrabose (composer)|Idhaya Deepam]]''
| 387
|"Enakoru Devan"
| rowspan="2" |[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
| 388
|"Thudipadhu Jeevan"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Idhu Unga Kudumbam]]''
| 389
|"Vetri Murasu"
| rowspan="4" |[[Hamsalekha]]
|
|
|-
| 390
|"Muthuswamy"
|
|
|-
| 391
|"Ambalaikku Nenjil'
|
|
|-
| 392
|"Naanamo"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[List of Tamil films of 1989|''Kaaval Poonaigal'']]
| 393
|"Raagam Padave"(Female)
| rowspan="3" |[[Sangeetha Rajan]]
|
|
|-
| 394
|"Rasanaiya Raasa"
|
|
|-
| 395
|"Raagam Padave"(Child)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Kadhal Enum Nadhiyinile]]''
| 396
|"Kanna Vazhga"
| rowspan="3" |[[Manoj Gyan]]
|
|
|-
| 397
|"Ullam Ullam"
|
|
|-
| 398
|"Kanbathu Kanava"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="8" |[[Maine Pyar Kiya|''Kaadhal Oru Kavithai'']]
| 399
|"Kaadhal Piththu"(Solo)
| rowspan="8" |[[Raamlaxman]]
|
|
|-
| 400
|"Kaalam Thorum Kadhal Seiga"
|
|
|-
| 401
|"En Thoothu Sel Sel"
|
|
|-
| 402
|"Kanne Kaaman"
|
|
|-
| 403
|"Ezhunthada Naaththu"
|
|
|-
| 404
|"Kaadhal Piththu"(Duet)
|
|
|-
| 405
|"Manjal Thangame"
|
|
|-
| 406
|"Poonkili Neeyo"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kai Veesamma Kai Veesu]]''
| 407
|"Anbedhaan"
| rowspan="6" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 408
|"Yeruthey"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Karakattakkaran]]''
| 409
|"Indha Maan"
|
|
|-
| 410
|"Kudagu Malai"
|
|
|-
| 411
|"Mariyamma Mariyamma"
|
|
|-
| 412
|"Mundhi Mundhi"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kuttravali]]''
| 413
|"Vaazhthu Sollungal"
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Manasukketha Maharasa]]''
| 414
|"Mugamoru Nila"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[List of Tamil films of 1989|Manidhan Marivittan]]''
| 415
|"Idi Idichu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Moodu Manthiram]]''
| 416
|"Vizhiyoram"
|
|
|-
!''[[Naalai Manithan]]''
| 417
|"Sangamathil Sangamein"
|Premi-Sreeni
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Ninaivu Chinnam]]''
| 418
|"Vaikasi Masthula"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 419
|"Oorukulla Unna"
|
|
|-
!''[[Nyaya Tharasu]]''
| 420
|"Kalyana Penn Pola"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Ore Oru Gramathiley]]''
| 421
|"Rettaikiligal"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 422
|"Nallathor Veenai"
|
|
|-
!''[[K. V. Mahadevan|Orey Thaai Orey Kulam]]''
| 423
|"Then Pondi"
|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1989|'''''Oru Ponnu Nenacha''''']]
| 424
|"Takkar Adikuthu"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 425
|"Anandha Geethangal"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |''[[Paandi Nattu Thangam]]''
| 426
|"Ilam Vayasu Ponna"
| rowspan="13" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 427
|"Mayilaadum"
|
|
|-
| 428
|"Siru Koottile Ulla"
|
|
|-
| 429
|"Unn Manasile"(Version l)
|
|
|-
| 430
|"Unn Manasile"(Version ll)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Ilaiyaraaja|Paasa Mazhai]]''
| 431
|"Aayiram Poovum Undu"
|
|
|-
| 432
|"Anna Nadai Podum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Paattukku Oru Thalaivan]]''
| 433
|"Azhagiya Nadhi Enna"
|
|
|-
| 434
|"Isaiyile Naan Vasamaaginen"
|
|
|-
!''[[List of Tamil films of 1989|Padicha Pulla]]''
| 435
|"Poongaatre"(Version l)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Pick Pocket (1989 film)|''Pick Pocket'']]
| 436
|"Kadhal Thiruda"
|
|
|-
| 437
|"Manja Kuruvi"
|
|
|-
| 438
|"Poovum"
|
|
|-
![[S. A. Rajkumar|''Paasakanal'']]
| 439
|"Therkupurama"(Female)
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Pillaikkaga]]''
| 440
|"Iniya Vasanthame"
| rowspan="3" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 441
|"Mazhalayin"
|
|
|-
| 442
|"Thaye Unnidam"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Pongi Varum Kaveri]]''
| 443
|"Velli Golusu"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 444
|"Dhinamum Sirichi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Ponmana Selvan]]''
| 445
|"Adichen"
|
|
|-
| 446
|"Kana Karunguyile"
|
|
|-
| 447
|"Nee Pottu Vacha"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Ponnu Pakka Poren]]''
| 448
|"Aalana Naala"
| rowspan="2" |[[K. Bhagyaraj]]
|
|
|-
| 449
|"Sala Sala Yena"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Poo Manam]]''
| 450
|"En Anbe En Nanjil"
| rowspan="2" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
| 451
|"Paatukoduthaadhu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Poruthathu Pothum]]''
| 452
|"Eley Tamizha"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 453
|"Rathiri Thookkam Kettu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Gangai Amaran|Pudhu Mappillai]]''
| 454
|"Ullukul Ullathu Ellam Ungaluku"
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (film)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]''
| 455
|"Guruvayurappa"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Raaja Raajathan]]''
| 456
|"Innum Enna"
|
|
|-
| 457
|"Mamarathu Kuyilu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1989|''Radha Kadal Varaatha'']]
| 458
|"Therkku Thesa Kaththu"
| rowspan="2" |K Kamalarajan
|
|
|-
| 459
|"Entha Eru Vizhigalil"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Rajadhi Raja (1989 film)|''Rajadhi Raja'']]
| 460
|"Meenamma Meenamma"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 461
|"Enkitta Modhadhe"
|
|
|-
| 462
|"In Nenja Thottu Sollu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Rajanadai]]''
| 463
|"Kasthuri Maankutti"(Female)
| rowspan="4" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
| 464
|"Kasthuri Maankutti"(Duet)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[M. S. Viswanathan|Rasathi Kalyanam]]''
| 465
|"Raajathi Ennai Thedi"
|
|
|-
| 466
|"Nee Mathanittadhdum"
|
|
|-
!''[[Samsara Sangeetham]]''
| 467
|"Noolu Illa Oosiyila"
|[[T. Rajendar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1989|''Samsarame Saranam'']]
| 468
|"Unavu Sellavillai"(Female)
| rowspan="2" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 469
|"Unavu Sellavillai"(Sad)
|
|
|-
!''[[List of Tamil films of 1989|Sangu Pushpangal]]''
| 470
|"Kannukkul Deepam Yenthi"
|Guna Singh
|
|
|-
!''[[Sattathin Thirappu Vizhaa]]''
| 471
|"Oh Vennila"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Siva (1989 Tamil film)|Siva]]''
| 472
|"Adi Vaanmathi"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 473
|"Iruvizhiyin"
|
|
|-
| 474
|"Velli Kizhama"
|
|
|-
!''[[Shankar–Ganesh|Sondham 16]]''
| 475
|"Adi Kudhira Irukku"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Solaikuyil]]''
| 476
|"Poongatre Kelayo"
| rowspan="2" |MS Murari
|
|
|-
| 477
|"Malat Naattu Maochan"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1989|''Thalaippu Seithigal'']]
| 478
|"Mutham Ondru"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]
|
|
|-
| 479
|"Varum Aavani"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Thangamana Raasa]]''
| 480
|"Kanne En Karmugile"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 481
|"Thenmadurai Seemaiyile"
|
|
|-
!''[[Thangamani Rangamani]]''
| 482
|"Sembaruthi"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Thendral Sudum]]''
| 483
|"Kannama Kannama"
| rowspan="8" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Thiruppu Munai]]''
| 484
|"Adi Ye Pulla"
|
|
|-
| 485
|"Ilamai Ithu"
|
|
|-
| 486
|"Oru Naal"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Siva (1989 Telugu film)|Udhayam]]''
| 487
|"Achacho Penmai"
|
|
|-
| 488
|"Aadalgalo Paadalgalo"
|
|
|-
| 489
|"Kiss Me"
|
|
|-
| 490
|"Idhu Neeyum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Uthama Purushan]]''
| 491
|"Suriya Dhaagangal"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 492
|"Thaai Paadinal"
|
|
|-
!''[[Vaathiyaar Veettu Pillai]]''
| 493
|"Chikkunnu Irukku"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1989|''Valudhu Kalai Vaithu Vaa'']]
| 494
|"Kannanavan Sonnathellam"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Varusham Padhinaaru]]''
| 495
|"Hey Aiyasamy"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 496
|"Karayatha Manamum"
|
|
|-
!''[[Gangai Amaran|Vetrimel Vetri]]''
| 497
|"Kannanaa Kaann Maniye"
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Vetri Vizha]]''
| 498
|"Marugo Marugo"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 499
|"Pungatru Un Peru Solla"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1989|''Vizhiyora Kavithaigal'']]
| 500
|"Pudhiya Nilavin"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Shankar–Ganesh|Yogam Rajayogam]]''
| 501
|"Rathiri Nadu Rathiri"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 502
|"Gokulam Gopiyan"
|
|
|}

=== 1990 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Idhaya Thamarai]]''
| 503
|"Oru Kadhal Devadhai"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 504
|"Kanne Kadhavu Therandhidum"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kavalukku Kettikaran]]''
| 505
|"Solai Ilangkuil"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Panakkaran]]''
| 506
|"Ding Dang Dang"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Aadi Velli (film)|Aadi Velli]]''
| 507
|"Vanna Vizhiyazhagi"
| rowspan="6" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[List of Tamil films of 1990|''Pattikattan'']]
| 508
|"Enghe Vachhen"
|
|
|-
| 509
|"Yethanal Kavaichi"
|
|
|-
| 510
|"Padithan Oru Paattu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Vaazhkai Chakkaram]]''
| 511
|"Vizhiye Vizhiye Kaditham"
|
|
|-
| 512
|"Aathankarai Oram"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[En Uyir Thozhan]]''
| 513
|"Machchi Mannaaru"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 514
|"Kuyilukuppam"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Paattali Magan]]''
| 515
|"Thoppukkulle Kuruvi"
| rowspan="4" |[[S. P. Venkatesh]]
|
|
|-
| 516
|"Naattaama Ponnu"
|
|
|-
| 517
|"Themmangu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Salem Vishnu]]''
| 518
|"Hey Nanaa Vayasu Pulla"
|
|
|-
!''[[Arangetra Velai]]''
| 519
|"Maamanukkum"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Paattukku Naan Adimai]]''
| 520
|"Poove Poove"
|
|
|-
| 521
|"Paattukku Jodiya"
|
|
|-
![[Shankar–Ganesh|''Valiba Vizhayattu'']]
| 522
|"Anname Anname"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
![[Shankar–Ganesh|''Pengal Veettin Kanngal'']]
| 523
|"Pagalalla Ithu Pagalalla"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |''[[Ilaiyaraaja|Kavithai Paadum Alaigal]]''
| 524
|"Kaatrum Poovum"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 525
|"Kanney Enn Kanmaniye"
|
|
|-
| 526
|"Saamiya Vendikittu"
|
|
|-
| 527
|"Unnai Kaanamal"
|
|
|-
| 528
|"Vaan Nila"
|
|
|-
![[Shankar–Ganesh|''Vetri Malai'']]
| 529
|"Kannikkazhagae"
| rowspan="7" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Jagathalaprathapan (1990 film)|''Jagathalaprathapan'']]
| 530
|"Moru Dhaana"
|
|
|-
| 531
|"Naandhaane Engugiraen"
|
|
|-
| 532
|"Pulli Maane"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Manaivi Oru Manickam]]''
| 533
|"Kumguma Nayagi"
|
|
|-
| 534
|"Nathan Mudimele"
|
|
|-
| 535
|"Poojai Neram"
|
|
|-
!''[[Unnai Solli Kutramillai]]''
| 536
|"Sorkathin Vasapadi"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Kalyana Rasi]]''
| 537
|"Aayiram Thalamurai"
| rowspan="4" |[[Manoj Gyan]]
|
|
|-
| 538
|"Idhu Veyiladikkum"
|
|
|-
| 539
|"Kanniponnu"
|
|
|-
| 540
|"Pathinettu Vayadhu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Pondatti Thevai]]''
| 541
|"Aararo Paada"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 542
|"Thottavudan"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Pudhu Padagan]]''
| 543
|"Adhikaalai Naan Paadum"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. Thanu]]
|
|
|-
| 544
|"Malaiya Kondainju"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Pudhu Vasantham]]''
| 545
|"Aayiram Thirnaal"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 546
|"Vaarungal Vaarungal"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Seetha (1990 film)|Seetha]]''
| 547
|"Aararo Aariraro"
| rowspan="4" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
| 548
|"Neram Kaalam"
|
|
|-
| 549
|"Vidai Ariya"
|
|
|-
| 550
|"Thene Thene"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[List of Tamil films of 1990|Silambu]]''
| 551
|"Unna Paatha"
| rowspan="2" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
| 552
|"Kaaluku Keezhe"
|
|
|-
!''[[Thangathin Thangam]]''
| 553
|"Sevandhipoo Maalakattu"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1990|''Sakthi Parasakthi'']]
| 554
|"Madhurai Meenal"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Pagalil Pournami]]''
| 555
|"Poothendralum"
| rowspan="4" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 556
|"Karaiyora Katru"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Periya Veetu Pannakkaran]]''
| 557
|"Malligaiye Malligaiye"
|
|
|-
| 558
|"Nikkattumaa Pogattuma"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Neengalum Herothan]]''
| 559
|"Rathirikku Thookkam"
| rowspan="6" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 560
|"Yezhulagam Aandu Varum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Nyayangal Jayikkattum]]''
| 561
|"Yaanaikatti"
|
|
|-
| 562
|"Pudhumugam Poomugam"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Sandhana Kaatru]]''
| 563
|"Oh Thendrale"(Female)
|
|
|-
| 564
|"Raavu Neram"
|
|
|-
!''[[Pathimoonam Number Veedu]]''
| 565
|"Kandathu Ellam Mayyama"
|Sangeetha Rajan
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Athisaya Piravi]]''
| 566
|"Paattukku Paattu"
| rowspan="7" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 567
|"Unna Partha"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Mounam Sammadham]]''
| 568
|"Chic Chic Cha"
|
|
|-
| 569
|"Kalyaana Thaen Nilaa"
|
|
|-
| 570
|"Oru Raja Vanthan"
|
|
|-
| 571
|"Thithithamsidu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Madurai Veeran Enga Saami]]''
| 572
|"Thangame"
|
|
|-
!''[[Vedikkai En Vadikkai]]''
| 573
|"Jayathi Jayathi"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Nila Pennae]]''
| 574
|"Kichang Kichang"
| rowspan="4" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
| 575
|"Manasukku Vayasenna"
|
|
|-
| 576
|"Raathiri Mella"(Version l)
|
|
|-
| 577
|"Raathiri Mella"(Version ll)
|
|
|-
!''[[Kizhakku Vaasal]]''
| 578
|"Vanthathe O Kungumam"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Naanum Indha Ooruthan]]''
| 579
|"Ponnusirikidu Poovatama"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 580
|"Vaasal"
|
|
|-
!''[[Ooru Vittu Ooru Vanthu]]''
| 581
|"Chingu Chaa Chaa Chingu"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Sirayil Pootha Chinna Malar]]''
| 582
|"Adhisaya Nadamidum"
|
|
|-
| 583
|"Ethanai Per Unnai"
|
|
|-
| 584
|"Vachaan Vachaan"
|
|
|-
!''[[Keladi Kanmani]]''
| 585
|"Thendral Thaan"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Aarathi Edungadi]]''
| 586
|"Magarasi"
| rowspan="3" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 587
|"Maman Adicharo"
|
|
|-
!''[[Durga (1990 film)|Durga]]''
| 588
|"Aadi Varum Paadi Varum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Velai Kidaichuduchu]]''
| 589
|"Iyere Iyere"
| rowspan="4" |[[Hamsalekha]]
|
|
|-
| 590
|"Nooraandu"
|
|
|-
| 591
|"Setthukulla"
|
|
|-
| 592
|"Vaasi Nadaswaram"
|
|
|-
!''[[My Dear Marthandan]]''
| 593
|"Satham Varamal"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Thalattu Padava]]''
| 594
|"Odai Kuyil"
|
|
|-
!''[[Engitta Mothathay]]''
| 595
|"Kai Veesamma Kai Veesu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Palaivana Paravaigal]]''
| 596
|"Saamy"
|Ilayagangai
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1990|''Arubathu Naal Arubathu Nimidham'']]
| 597
|"Engum Un Mugam"
| rowspan="2" |Kannan
|
|
|-
| 598
|"Pon Vaname En Ganame"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Amman Kovil Thiruvizha]]''
| 599
|"Madhuran Oyilattam"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 600
|"Desamuthu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[En Kadhal Kanmani]]''
| 601
|"Ennai Vittu"
| rowspan="3" |[[L. Vaidyanathan]]
|
|
|-
| 602
|"Inru Dhan"
|
|
|-
| 603
|"Ayyakkannu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Mallu Vetti Minor]]''
| 604
|"Adi Mattalam"
| rowspan="7" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 605
|"Chinna Mani"
|
|
|-
| 606
|"Jalakku Jalakku"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Michael Madana Kama Rajan]]''
| 607
|"Rum Bum Bum Aarabum"
|
|
|-
| 608
|"Siva Rathiri"
|
|
|-
| 609
|"Mathapoovu Oru Penna"
|
|
|-
| 610
|"Aadi Pattam Thedi"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1990|''Puthiya Kaatru'']]
| 611
|"Elam Thenraley"
|Rajesh
|
|
|-
! rowspan="6" |''[[Puthu Paatu]]''
| 612
|"Nethu Oruthara"
| rowspan="11" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 613
|"Sontham Vandhadhu"
|
|
|-
| 614
|"Thavamaa Thavamirunthu"
|
|
|-
| 615
|"Vethala Paakku"
|
|
|-
| 616
|"Kumbidum Kai"
|
|
|-
| 617
|"Senjanthu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Sirayil Sila Raagangal]]''
| 618
|"Kai Pidithu"
|
|
|-
| 619
|"Thendral Varum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Vellaiya Thevan]]''
| 620
|"Uchi Malai"
|
|
|-
| 621
|"Kaagam"
|
|
|-
| 622
|"Akka Magalukku"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Pudhu Pudhu Ragangal]]''
| 623
|"Solli Koduthal"(Happy)
| rowspan="4" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 624
|"Solli Koduthal"(Sad)
|
|
|-
| 625
|"Kottum Mazhai"
|
|
|-
| 626
|"Summa Keluga"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Vaigasi Poranthachu]]''
| 627
|"Chinna Ponnuthaan"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 628
|"Neela Kuyile"
|
|
|-
| 629
|"Aatha Un Kovililae"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Aatha Naan Pass Ayittaen]]''
| 630
|"Kanaavil Partha"
| rowspan="2" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
| 631
|"Moonu Mozha"
|
|
|-
!''[[Aerikarai Poongaatre]]''
| 632
|"Kodi Mullai"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |''[[Namma Ooru Poovatha]]''
| 633
|"Manjanathipoove"
| rowspan="5" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 634
|"Maarapu Potta Pulla"
|
|
|-
| 635
|"Chinna Chinna Poove"
|
|
|-
| 636
|"Romba Naalaga Maama"
|
|
|-
| 637
|"Aavaram Poovu Onu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Sathya Vaakku]]''
| 638
|"Vaigai Nadhiyodum"
| rowspan="2" |[[Manoj Gyan]]
|
|
|-
| 639
|"Poovil Oru Vandu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Thangaikku Oru Thalattu]]''
| 640
|"Sundhupaadum"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Nadigan]]''
| 641
|"Aadippattam Thedi"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 642
|"Adi Veluthu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Urudhi Mozhi]]''
| 643
|"Neruppu Neruppu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Raja Kaiya Vacha]]''
| 644
|"Mazhai Varuthu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Nee Sirithaal Deepavali]]''
| 645
|"Sindhumani"(Duet)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1990|''Pudhiya Sarithiram'']]
| 646
|"Maana Madhurakkaraindi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
| 647
|"O Anbe Anbe"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[List of Tamil films of 1990|''Vaazhnthu Kaattuvom'']]
| 648
|"Aaduvom Paaduvom"
| rowspan="4" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 649
|"Goyyapazham Venuma"
|
|
|-
| 650
|"Adamazhai Mele"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1990|''Avanga Namma Ooru Ponnunga'']]
| 651
|"Thulli Thulli"
|
|
|-
![[S. A. Rajkumar|''Paadi Vaa Thendrale'']]
| 652
|"Vaa Vaa Anbe"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
![[Deva (composer)|''Mannukketha Maindan'']]
| 653
|"Kannil Aadum Nilave"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Bobbili Raja|''Vaaliban'']]
| 654
|"Epa Sindha"
| rowspan="10" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 655
|"Kanyakumari"
|
|
|-
| 656
|"Pappampatti"
|
|
|-
| 657
|"Vendaanna Vidalai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari|''Kaadhal Devathai'']]
| 658
|"Sammatham"
|
|
|-
| 659
|"Eduthu Thaa"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Kondaveeti Donga|''Thangamalai Thirudan'']]
| 660
|"Shree Anjaneyam"
|
|
|-
| 661
|"Ponne Anbana"
|
|
|-
| 662
|"Chammakku"
|
|
|-
| 663
|"Subhavelai Nallai"
|
|
|-
!''[[Nalla Kaalam Porandaachu]]''
| 664
|"Kaalai Paartha"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
|}

=== 1991 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Sami Potta Mudichu]]''
| 665
|"Ponneduthu Varen"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 666
|"Kodaiyidi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Sigaram]]''
| 667
|"Itho Itho En"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|
|
|-
| 668
|"Unnai Kanda"(Female)
|
|
|-
!''[[Eeramana Rojave]]''
| 669
|"Vanna Poongavanam"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kumbakarai Thangaiah]]''
| 670
|"Koodalooru Gundumalli"
|
|
|-
| 671
|"Kootathula Kuninchu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Naadu Adhai Naadu]]''
| 672
|"Oru Kili Thozhilae"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Perum Pulli]]''
| 673
|"Gangai Nadhi"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 674
|"Ilamaiyin Vizhigalil"
|
|
|-
!''[[Thaiyalkaran]]''
| 675
|"Mai Mai Kannmai"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1991|''Theechati Govindhan'']]
| 676
|"Then Madhura Naatukatta"
|Sangeetha Rajan
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh|''Thai Poosam'']]
| 677
|"Vel Vel"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 678
|"Pachaikili Vachirukkum"
|
|
|-
!''[[Vanakkam Vathiyare]]''
| 679
|"Mettu Onnu"
|V. R. Sampath Selvan
|
|
|-
!''[[Namma Ooru Mariamma]]''
| 680
|"Sikkira Sirripula"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |''[[Nanbargal]]''
| 681
|"Achu Vellam Tharean Machinichiye"
| rowspan="5" |Babul Bose
|
|
|-
| 682
|"Atheri Paacha Pachadhan"
|
|
|-
| 683
|"Ennuyerea Ennuyerea"(Solo)
|
|
|-
| 684
|"Ennuyerea Ennuyerea"(Duet)
|
|
|-
| 685
|"Vellai Rojavea"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja|''Sir I Love You'']]
| 686
|"Vaathiyaare Konjam"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 687
|"Vanam Paadi"
|
|
|-
![[S. A. Rajkumar|''Aasai Kiliye Kobama'']]
| 688
|"Odura Nariyila Oru Nari"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Irumbu Pookkal]]''
| 689
|"Muththaana Muththam"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Naan Pudicha Mappillai]]''
| 690
|"Myna Myna Pakkathu Rani"
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[S. A. Rajkumar|''Annan Kaattiya Vazhi'']]
| 691
|"Manja Thuni"
| rowspan="3" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 692
|"Uyaare Uyya"
|
|
|-
| 693
|"Vaa Uyire Indha"
|
|
|-
!''[[Pudhu Nellu Pudhu Naathu]]''
| 694
|"Hey Marikozhundhu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Vetri Karangal]]''
| 695
|"Unnaala Thoongala"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Shankar–Ganesh|''Apoorva Naagam'']]
| 696
|"Enganaagam"
| rowspan="4" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 697
|"Nallavalayanu"
|
|
|-
| 698
|"Raasave Enpaata"
|
|
|-
| 699
|"Kalyaanam Kattikitta"
|
|
|-
!''[[Gopura Vasalile]]''
| 700
|"Kadhal Kavithaigal"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Pudhu Manithan]]''
| 701
|"Angam Unathu Angam"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 702
|"Yelelankuyilae"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Thanga Thamaraigal]]''
| 703
|"Deviya Naan Saranam"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 704
|"Yaarodu Naan Solvathu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Chinna Thambi]]''
| 705
|"Thooliyile Ada Vantha"(Female)
|
|
|-
!''[[En Rasavin Manasile]]''
| 706
|"Paarijatha Poove"
|
|
|-
!''[[Captain Prabhakaran]]''
| 707
|"Paasamulla Paandiyare"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Adhikari (film)|''Adhikari'']]
| 708
|"Aathoram Poonthopu"
| rowspan="3" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 709
|"Indha Raja"
|
|
|-
| 710
|"Naiyaandi Melam"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Pavunnu Pavunuthan]]''
| 711
|"Thedhi Onnu"
| rowspan="4" |[[K. Bhagyaraj]]
|
|
|-
| 712
|"Ennenna"
|
|
|-
| 713
|"Mama Unakku"
|
|
|-
| 714
|"Mullai Poo"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Karpoora Mullai]]''
| 715
|"Karpoora Mullai"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 716
|"Poonkaaviyam"
|
|
|-
| 717
|"Vaama Vaa"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Marikozhundhu]]''
| 718
|"Kannadhasane"
| rowspan="5" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 719
|"Pookuyil Nitham"
|
|
|-
| 720
|"Theene Theraviyame"
|
|
|-
| 721
|"Thoda Thoda"
|
|
|-
!''[[Aatha Un Koyilile]]''
| 722
|"Ele Elanguyile"
|
|
|-
!''[[Nallathai Naadu Kekum]]''
| 723
|"Raavellaam Un Ngyaabagam"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Kaaval Nilayam]]''
| 724
|"One Two Three"
|
|
|-
!''[[Mill Thozhilali]]''
| 725
|"Kaalam Ini Maari Vidum"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Idhaya Vaasal]]''
| 726
|"Kannukkul Unnaithaan"
|Viji Manuel
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Cheran Pandiyan]]''
| 727
|"Kangal Ondraga"
| rowspan="2" |[[Soundaryan]]
|
|
|-
| 728
|"Ethirveetu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Manitha Jaathi]]''
| 729
|"Siru Paartham Paarthen"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 730
|"Enga Seemathurai"
|
|
|-
!''[[Pudhiya Raagam]]''
| 731
|"Maalai Soodum"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1991|''Thambi Varuvaanam'']]
| 732
|"Thambi Varuvaanam"
|T T Sundhar Raajam
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Vigneshwar]]''
| 733
|"Thannikinni"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. P. Venkatesh]]
|
|
|-
| 734
|"Poonkathe"
|
|
|-
!''[[Maanagara Kaaval]]''
| 735
|"Thodi Raagam Paadava"
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Ayul Kaithi]]''
| 736
|"Paaduthu"(Female)
| rowspan="3" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 737
|"Paaduthu"(Duet)
|
|
|-
| 738
|"Oru Raakkozhi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Archana IAS]]''
| 739
|"Vaazhkai Enbathu"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 740
|"Naalu Vaarthai"
|
|
|-
!''[[Pondatti Pondattithan]]''
| 741
|"Unnai Vida Oorile"
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Vaidehi Kalyanam]]''
| 742
|"Jootudhan Jootudhan"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 743
|"Mathaalam Thatungadi"
|
|
|-
| 744
|"Thenthoovum Vasandham"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1991|''Malai Chaaral'']]
| 745
|"Kelaado Vellikolusu"
|MS Murari
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|''Mangalyam Thandhunane'']]
| 746
|"Oru Malligai"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 747
|"Kaatuvazhi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Shankar–Ganesh|''Veetla Eli Velila Puli'']]
| 748
|"Madhal Rathiri"
| rowspan="4" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 749
|"Raja Maha Raja"
|
|
|-
| 750
|"Aambala Pechi"
|
|
|-
| 751
|"Vaadai Kaatru"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Azhagan]]''
| 752
|"Kozhi Koovum Neram"
| rowspan="4" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
|
|-
| 753
|"Thudikirathe Nenjam"
|
|
|-
| 754
|"Thathithom"
|
|
|-
| 755
|"Nenjamadi Nenjam"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1991|''Idhaya Oonjal'']]
| 756
|"Adhu Yaaro"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 757
|"Maalai Neram"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1991|''Naan Valartha Poove'']]
| 758
|"Rasa Manasula"
| rowspan="2" |Rajesh Khanna
|
|
|-
| 759
|"Uyirulla Roja"(Female)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh|''Onnum Theriyatha Pappa'']]
| 760
|"Cittu Cittan Kurivi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 761
|"Pondati En Kannadi"
|
|
|-
!''[[MGR Nagaril]]''
| 762
|"Udal Konda"
|[[S. Balakrishnan (composer)|S. Balakrishnan]]
|
|
|-
![[S. A. Rajkumar|''Manasara Vazhthungalen'']]
| 763
|"Raasi Nalla Raasi Thaan"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Nee Pathi Naan Pathi]]''
| 764
|"Yaarai Keattu Eera Kaatru"
| rowspan="4" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
|
|-
| 765
|"Paatu Paatu Padipathenna"
|
|
|-
| 766
|"Pondatti Kuppidum"
|
|
|-
| 767
|"Kaalam Ulla Varai Nee Pathi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Vasanthakala Paravai]]''
| 768
|"Inni Thati"
| rowspan="4" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 769
|"Pothi Vacha"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kizhakku Karai]]''
| 770
|"Enakanna Perandhava"
|
|
|-
| 771
|"Selu Selu Seluvena"
|
|
|-
![[S. A. Rajkumar|''Sivaranjani'']]
| 772
|"Ranjani Siva Ranjani"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Nattukku Oru Nallavan]]''
| 773
|"One Two Three"
|[[Hamsalekha]]
|
|
|-
![[Deva (composer)|''Vaasalil Oru Vennila'']]
| 774
|"Malaiyile"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[En Pottukku Sonthakkaran]]''
| 775
|"Solla Vandha Vaarthai"
|
|
|-
| 776
|"Unnale Nenjam Raagam"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Moondrezhuthil En Moochirukkum]]''
| 777
|"Sandana Kili Rendu"
| rowspan="2" |Ilayagangai
|
|
|-
| 778
|"Odam Ondru"
|
|
|-
![[S. A. Rajkumar|''Nenjamundu Nermaiundu'']]
| 779
|"Rajavae Chinna Rajavae"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Rudhra]]''
| 780
|"Vittu Vittu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 781
|"Aadadu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Thalattu Ketkuthamma]]''
| 782
|"Sutti Sutti"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 783
|"Yamma Yamma"
|
|
|-
!''[[Putham Pudhu Payanam]]''
| 784
|"Mallige Poo"
|[[Soundaryan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|''Vaidhegi Vandhachchu'']]
| 785
|"Senthoorame"(Duet)
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 786
|"Samajavaraga"
|
|
|-
| 787
|"Chinna Idhazh"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1991|''Anbulla Thangachikku'']]
| 788
|"Paakku Thoppula"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 789
|"Manja Thanni"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Paattondru Ketten]]''
| 790
|"Yaar Endhan Ragam"
| rowspan="2" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
|
|-
| 791
|"Oru Siru Paravai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Shankar–Ganesh|''Aadi Viratham'']]
| 792
|"Aadi Velli Puthukku"
| rowspan="3" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 793
|"Ettadukku Maligayil"
|
|
|-
| 794
|"Maskara Marugo"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Deva (composer)|''Thoodhu Poo Chellakiliye'']]
| 795
|"Elumicham Poove"
| rowspan="5" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 796
|"Naan Yepodhum"
|
|
|-
| 797
|"Otharuba"
|
|
|-
| 798
|"Thalaatu Paada"
|
|
|-
| 799
|"Yano Yanai Azhika"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1991|''Kurumbukkaran'']]
| 800
|"Gujili Gujili"
|Sambath Selvam
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Rasathi Varum Naal]]''
| 801
|"Mamaa Mamaa"
| rowspan="4" |Vijay Anand
|
|
|-
| 802
|"Mukkona Sakkarathil"
|
|
|-
| 803
|"Naan Podum"
|
|
|-
| 804
|"Vaa Kanmani"
|
|
|-
![[Ilaiyaraaja|''Padhai Mariya Payanam'']]
| 805
|"Panneeril Roja"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1991|''Ponnukku Sethi Vanthachu'']]
| 806
|"Nizhalai Nizhalai"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 807
|"Thenchittu Thennanjittu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|''Thambi Oorukku Pudhusa'']]
| 808
|"Va Va Geethanjali"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 809
|"Thulli Thulli"
|
|
|-
!''[[Thayamma]]''
| 810
|"Pazhaiya Kanavai"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[S. A. Rajkumar|''Vazhndhal Unnodudhan'']]
| 811
|"Un Kannile Snehamo"
| rowspan="5" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 812
|"O Priya Priya"
|
|
|-
| 813
|"O En Penne"
|
|
|-
| 814
|"Kittavaa Villavaa"
|
|
|-
| 815
|"I Live For You"
|
|
|-
![[Deva (composer)|''Nadodi Kadhal'']]
| 816
|"Maalaikarukkal Vandhu"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
![[Ilaiyaraaja|''Ezhumalayan Mahimai'']]
| 817
|"Prabho Venkatesha"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
![[Aditya 369|''Apoorva Sakthi 369'']]
| 818
|"Puthiya Ulagille"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Ashwini (film)|''Ashwini'']]
| 819
|"Mohana Ragam"
| rowspan="7" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
|
|-
| 820
|"Ettu Meethu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Kshana Kshanam|''Ennamo Nadakkudu'']]
| 821
|"Kattazhagu Rani"
|
|
|-
| 822
|"Thanimai Ratri"
|
|
|-
| 823
|"Inru Naan Kadhal Rani"
|
|
|-
| 824
|"Ammadi Mutham"
|
|
|-
| 825
|"Ada Machchinikki"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Coolie No. 1 (1991 film)|''Coolie No. 1'']]
| 826
|"Solai Pookalai"
| rowspan="13" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 827
|"Kanava Nijama"
|
|
|-
| 828
|"Chinnanchiru"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Surya IPS|''Mudhalamaichar Jayanthi'']]
| 829
|"Nenjil Yethoo"
|
|
|-
| 830
|"Om Namo Nama"
|
|
|-
| 831
|"Hey Raja"
|
|
|-
| 832
|"Adi Jin Jinukka"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Chaitanya (film)|''Madras To Goa'']]
| 833
|"Vezhigal Pudhu"
|
|
|-
| 834
|"Rababba"
|
|
|-
| 835
|"Chinna Raani"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Nirnayam (1991 film)|''Sambavam'']]
| 836
|"Babiyo Paavayo"
|
|
|-
| 837
|"Mella Mella"
|
|
|-
| 838
|"Yeppa Yeppa Yena"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Gang Leader]]''
| 839
|"Pattuppoove Thottu"
| rowspan="10" |[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|
|
|-
| 840
|"Vaadai Vaadai Mazhaiyin"
|
|
|-
| 841
|"Pallavaram Selai"
|
|
|-
| 842
|"Sunday Kannadithaay"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Rowdy Alludu|''Pokkiri Mappilai'']]
| 843
|"Aasai Vanthu"
|
|
|-
| 844
|"Azhage Nilamma"
|
|
|-
| 845
|"Bolo Bolo"
|
|
|-
| 846
|"Love Me"
|
|
|-
| 847
|"Onnukkulla Onna"
|
|
|-
| 848
|"Sanjanakka"
|
|
|-
!''[[Gnana Paravai]]''
| 849
|"Kaalai Maalai"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
|}

=== 1992 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Ilavarasan]]''
| 850
|"Aaniponne Asaimuthe"
| rowspan="4" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 851
|"Kaatu Paravaigal"
|
|
|-
| 852
|"Kangalil Thooduvidu"
|
|
|-
| 853
|"Thaaye Nee"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Pandithurai]]''
| 854
|"Enna Marantha"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 855
|"Ennai Paarthu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Vanna Vanna Pookkal]]''
| 856
|"Pangunik kapuram"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Agni Paarvai]]''
| 857
|"Ithazh Inikka"
|
|
|-
| 858
|"Ohm Kousalya"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Rendu Pondatti Kaavalkaaran]]''
| 859
|"Police Police"
| rowspan="2" |[[Raj–Koti]]
|
|
|-
| 860
|"Sundakkai Kulambu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Kaaval Geetham]]''
| 861
|"Ethanai Pera"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 862
|"Thammara Thammaro"
|
|
|-
| 863
|"Then Pothikai"
|
|
|-
![[Shankar–Ganesh|''Moondram Padi'']]
| 864
|"Kannu Rendum"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Sugamana Sumaigal]]''
| 865
|"Chinnapattam Poochi"
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="6" |''[[Naane Varuven (1992 film)|Naane Varuven]]''
| 866
|"Orey Jeevan Ondre"
| rowspan="6" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 867
|"Pachamala Pennu Naan"
|
|
|-
| 868
|"Pogathey Ennai Thandi"
|
|
|-
| 869
|"Orey Jeevan"(Female)
|
|
|-
| 870
|"Ketenamma"
|
|
|-
| 871
|"Arambam Aagattum"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1992|''Jodi Sernthachu'']]
| 872
|"Ore Vedam"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Government Mappillai]]''
| 873
|"Ilavatta Poove"
| rowspan="4" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 874
|"Mama Mama Unnai"
|
|
|-
| 875
|"Sontham Embathu"
|
|
|-
| 876
|"Sottu Sottaga"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Sivantha Malar]]''
| 877
|"Edhuvarai Pogum"
| rowspan="4" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
|
|-
| 878
|"Oru Nimisham"
|
|
|-
| 879
|"Eriyude"
|
|
|-
| 880
|"Oru Paattu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Naangal]]''
| 881
|"Paarthathenna Paarvai"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|''Kasthuri Manjal'']]
| 882
|"Melaakkum"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 883
|"Chikitita"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Enga Veetu Velan]]''
| 884
|"Engal Kula Deivam"
| rowspan="2" |[[T. Rajendar]]
|
|
|-
| 885
|"Paal Kavadi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[List of Tamil films of 1992|Thangarasu]]''
| 886
| "Paavadai Thonga"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| Kamakodiyan
|
|-
| 887
| "Poongatre"(Duet)
| Vaali
|
|-
!''[[Innisai Mazhai]]''
| 888
|"Oru Patchai Kodi"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
![[Bharathan (1992 film)|''Bharathan'']]
| 889
|"Vaa Vaathiyare"
|
|
|-
!''[[Chembaruthi]]''
| 890
|"Sembaruthi Poovu"
|
|
|-
![[Sirpy|''Senbaga Thottam'']]
| 891
|"Chinna Chinna Paavada"
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Nadodi Thendral]]''
| 892
|"Kadalukkul Serum"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 893
|"Yaarum Vilaiyaadum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|''Tamil Ponnu'']]
| 894
|"Kargam Sumantharale"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 895
|"Therkathi"
|
|
|-
| 896
|"Aavaram Poo"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |''[[Chinnavar]]''
| 897
|"Goondru Gongura"
| rowspan="6" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 898
|"Kottukkali"
|
|
|-
| 899
|"Maarappu Chela"
|
|
|-
| 900
|"Padakottum Pattammah"
|
|
|-
| 901
|"Uttalangkiri Kiri"
|
|
|-
!''[[Chinna Pasanga Naanga]]''
| 902
|"Jodi Nalla Jodi Ithu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Oor Mariyadhai]]''
| 903
|"Kichchali Samba"
| rowspan="5" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 904
|"Malaruthu"
|
|
|-
| 905
|"Mariyadai Ullavan"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Pokkiri Thambi]]''
| 906
|"Silu Silu"
|
|
|-
| 907
|"Marai Karumarai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |''[[Vaaname Ellai]]''
| 908
|"Jana Gana Mana"
| rowspan="5" |[[M. M. Keeravaani]]
|
|
|-
| 909
|"Kambangade Kambangade"
|
|
|-
| 910
|"Nanodi Mannargale"
|
|
|-
| 911
|"Nee Aandavana"
|
|
|-
| 912
|"Siragillai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[L. Vaidyanathan|''Yermunai'']]
| 913
|"Aariraro Aariraro"
| rowspan="2" |[[L. Vaidyanathan]]
|
|
|-
| 914
|"Vanam Pozhiyattum"
|
|
|-
!''[[Idhuthanda Sattam]]''
| 915
|"Kuruvi Kunju"
|Sangeetha Rajan
|
|
|-
!''[[List of Tamil films of 1992|Thilagam]]''
| 916
|"Anbe Thilagam"
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
![[Deva (composer)|''Kizhakku Veluthachu'']]
| 917
|"Pazhakiya Thengam"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Sevagan]]''
| 918
|"Kalloori Mandabathil"
| rowspan="3" |[[M. M. Keeravaani]]
|
|
|-
| 919
|"Nandri Solli Paaduven"
|
|
|-
| 920
|"Thanga Kaavalan"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1992|''Nenja Thotta Sollu'']]
| 921
|"Rendu Panjavarna"
| rowspan="2" |TN Kanna
|
|
|-
| 922
|"Mannikya Vendum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Amma Vanthachu]]''
| 923
|"Soapu Madam Soapu"
| rowspan="5" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 924
|"Dhinathanthi Paperula"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Annaamalai]]''
| 925
|"Annaamalai Annaamalai"
|
|
|-
| 926
|"Kondayil Thaazham"
|
|
|-
| 927
|"Rekkai Katti Parakudhu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Ponnuketha Purushan]]''
| 928
|"Kuruvi Pudhicha"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 929
|"Maalai Nilave"
|
|
|-
| 930
|"Duraina Durai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|''Vasantha Malargal'']]
| 931
|"Ilam Thendralo"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 932
|"Padatha Padal"
|
|
|-
| 933
|"Yen Unmaigal"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja|''Vaa Vaa Vasanthame'']]
| 934
|"Poovae Sirupoovae"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 935
|"Ithu Etthani Kala"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Thaali Kattiya Raasa]]''
| 936
|"Oho Oho"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 937
|"Unnai Oru"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Magudam]]''
| 938
|"Chinna Kanna"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 939
|"Indha Mamavukku"
|
|
|-
!''[[Mudhal Kural]]''
| 940
|"Unnaithan Azhaikkiren"
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Muthal Seethanam]]''
| 941
|"Oh Nenchame"
|[[Soundaryan]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Naalaya Seidhi]]''
| 942
|"Mandhiram Chonnadhu"
|[[Adithyan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Pattathu Raani|''Pattathu raani'']]
| 943
|"Ada Thotta"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 944
|"Devathi"
|
|
|-
!''[[Urimai Oonjaladugiradhu]]''
| 945
|"Darishanam"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kottai Vaasal]]''
| 946
|"Mannavane Mannavane"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 947
|"Aathirathil"
|
|
|-
! ''[[Roja (film)|Roja]]''
| 948
| "Rukkumani Rukkumani"
| [[A. R. Rahman]]
| Vairamuthu
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Deva (composer)|''Mouna Mozhi'']]
| 949
|"Poonguilea"
| rowspan="4" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 950
|"Thanni Kudam"
|
|
|-
| 951
|"Pothi Vachcha"
|
|
|-
| 952
|"Ellam Enga Kasthuri"
|
|
|-
![[Thalaivasal (film)|''Thalaivasal'']]
| 953
|"Unnai Thottu"
|Bala Bharathi
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja|''Maappillai Vanthachu'']]
| 954
|"Pudhu Mappila"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 955
|"Unnai Oru Pothum"
|
|
|-
![[S. A. Rajkumar|''Palaivana Ragangal'']]
| 956
|"Mella Nada Mella Nada"
| rowspan="4" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Ellaichami]]''
| 957
|"Ye Sami Ellaichami"
|
|
|-
| 958
|"Naana Naana"
|
|
|-
| 959
|"Rosave Rosave"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|''Kizhakku Veedhi'']]
| 960
|"Maama Naan"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 961
|"Thedinen"
|
|
|-
| 962
|"Kondaaduvom"
|
|
|-
![[Shankar–Ganesh|''Matha Gomatha'']]
| 963
|"Karpagam Pol"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Samundi]]''
| 964
|"Ethungadi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 965
|"Kannula Paalai"
|
|
|-
![[Sirpy|''Annai Vayal'']]
| 966
|"Vaa Vaa Vennilave"
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Devendran|''Chinna Chittu'']]
| 967
|"Dhinam Dhinam"
| rowspan="3" |[[Devendran]]
|
|
|-
| 968
|"Nenjil Kodiyaagam"
|
|
|-
| 969
|"Kaanumo Kangal"
|
|
|-
!''[[David Uncle]]''
| 970
|"Azhage"
|[[Adithyan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1992|''Annayin Madiyil'']]
| 971
|"Kannale Thaalam"
| rowspan="2" |Mamallan
|
|
|-
| 972
|"Chittukuruvi Rekka"
|
|
|-
![[Kaviya Thalaivan (1992 film)|''Kaviya Thalaivan'']]
| 973
|"Vannakili Vannakili Oru"(Female)
|Aravind Siddhartha
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar|''Mangala Nayagan'']]
| 974
|"Kaatrum Kai Thoduma"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 975
|"En Kanmani"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Pandiyan (film)|''Pandiyan'']]
| 976
|"Adi Jumba"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 977
|"Anbe Nee Enna"
|
|
|-
| 978
|"Pandiyanin Rajiyathil"
|[[Karthik Raja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Raasukutti]]''
| 979
|"Palayathu Ponnu"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
![[Abhirami (1992 film)|''Abhirami'']]
| 980
|"Kalaikalin Thaaye"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Neenga Nalla Irukkanum]]''
| 981
|"Mangalyam"
| rowspan="2" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
| 982
|"Shivashankari"
|
|
|-
!''[[Villu Pattukaran]]''
| 983
|"Vaanam Ennum"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1992|''Deiva Kuzhanthai'']]
| 984
|"Muthu Muthu"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Naalaiya Theerpu]]''
| 985
|"Vaadai Kulirkatru"
| rowspan="3" |[[M. M. Srilekha]]
|
|
|-
| 986
|"Udalum Indha Uyirum"
|
|
|-
| 987
|"Udalum Indha Uyirum"(Sad)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Natchathira Nayagan]]''
| 988
|"Siru Siru Mazhaithuli"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 989
|"Nallathaan Matti"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="1" |''[[Purushan Enakku Arasan]]''
| 990
|"Enthiri Enthiri"
| rowspan="1" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Meera (1992 film)|Meera]]''
| 992
|"Pudhu Routeladan"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1992|''Dever Veettu Ponnu'']]
| 993
|"Nensara Nambi Naan"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|''Sooriya Namaskaram'']]
| 994
|"Thazham Poosela"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 995
|"Anjaru Naalagave"
|
|
|-
!''[[Yoddha (1992 film)|Ashokan]]''
| 996
|"Kulu Kulu Endru"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[President Gari Pellam|''Thalaivar Pondatti'']]
| 997
|"Oodhura Sangha"
| rowspan="7" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
|
|-
| 998
|"Ooru Kilee"
|
|
|-
| 999
|"He Macchan"
|
|
|-
| 1000
|"Udan Pirapphe"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[M. M. Keeravani|Agreement]]''
| 1001
|"Manavazhan Ivanthanamma"
|
|
|-
| 1002
|"Oru Veenakkul"(Female)
|
|
|-
| 1003
|"Paruvangalin Palakkile"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Aswamedham (1992 film)|''Dharma Bhoomi'']]
| 1004
|"Eppadi Kaadhal"
| rowspan="11" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1005
|"Gumathalakkadi"
|
|
|-
| 1006
|"Jumchaggu"
|
|
|-
| 1007
|"Naan Thappa"
|
|
|-
| 1008
|"Oh Brahma"
|
|
|-
| 1009
|"Vaadai Kaalam"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Dharma Kshetram|''Porkalam'']]
| 1010
|"Siruvani Meenuthan"
|
|
|-
| 1011
|"Mothamaai"
|
|
|-
| 1012
|"Manjathil"
|
|
|-
| 1013
|"Adi Nadayoh"
|
|
|-
| 1014
|"Adi Jillu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Rowdy Inspector|''Auto Rani'']]
| 1015
|"Ettu Ettu"
| rowspan="5" |[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|
|
|-
| 1016
|"Ammadi Ammadi"
|
|
|-
| 1017
|"Ada Vaa Mama"
|
|
|-
| 1018
|"Chinna Chinna"
|
|
|-
| 1019
|"Takku Tamara Vandi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Peddarikam|''Periyavar'']]
| 1020
|"Vasanthame"
| rowspan="4" |[[Raj–Koti]]
|
|
|-
| 1021
|"Mangala Janaki"
|
|
|-
| 1022
|"Ithuthan"(Duet)
|
|
|-
| 1023
|"Naan Unnai"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1992|''Aval Oru Vasantham'']]
| 1024
|"Arindhe Neeradu"
|Nawaz
|
|
|-
|}

=== 1993 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Aadhityan]]''
| 1025
|"Gongura Nennu Andhra"
| rowspan="2" |[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
| 1026
|"Kattikko Koora Pattu Selai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="6" |''[[Jaathi Malli]]''
| 1027
|"Azaithaal Varuvaal"
| rowspan="6" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
|
|-
| 1028
|"Kamban Engu"
|
|
|-
| 1029
|"Manmatha Leelai"
|
|
|-
| 1030
|"Marakamudiya"
|
|
|-
| 1031
|"Solladi Bharathamatha"
|
|
|-
| 1032
|"Samundharu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Dasarathan]]''
| 1033
|"Unnai Kandu"
|[[L. Vaidyanathan]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Ejamaan]]''
| 1034
|"Aalappol Velappol"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1993|''Mudhal Paadal'']]
| 1035
|"Padava Poongkuilea"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Madurai Meenakshi (film)|''Madurai Meenakshi'']]
| 1036
|"I Love You Meena"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1037
|"Maalai"
|
|
|-
| 1038
|"Thanga Kunam"
|
|
|-
!''[[Maharasan]]''
| 1039
|"Entha Velu"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1993|''Pudhu Vayal'']]
| 1040
|"Naanudatula"
|Aravind
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[List of Tamil films of 1993|''Malare Kurunji Malare'']]
| 1041
|"Kadhal Paingkili Inbha"
| rowspan="3" |[[Raveendran]]
|
|
|-
| 1042
|"Kaaman Kadhai"
|
|
|-
| 1043
|"Aathoram Thoppukuruvi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Pettredutha Pillai]]''
| 1044
|"Enga Veetu Mahalakshmi"
| rowspan="3" |[[T. Rajendar]]
|
|
|-
| 1045
|"Paatu Onnu Naan"
|
|
|-
| 1046
|"Pethavaley Marachi"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kalaignan]]''
| 1047
|"Dillu Baru Jaane"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1993|''Minmini Poochigal'']]
| 1048
|"Kanmaniku Nenjil"(Female)
|[[Adithyan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Prathap (1993 film)|''Prathap'']]
| 1049
|"En Kannanuku Kaadhal"
| rowspan="5" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
|
|-
| 1050
|"Solli Adi Raja"
|
|
|-
| 1051
|"Mandil Oru Paatu"
|
|
|-
| 1052
|"Arjunare Arjunare"
|
|
|-
| 1053
|"Raathire Nerathil"
|
|
|-
!''[[Ulle Veliye]]''
| 1054
|"Kalathanamaha"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Vedan]]''
| 1055
|"Dina Thathikku Oru"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1056
|"I Love You"
|
|
|-
| 1057
|"Kamma Karayile"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1993|''Paadhukaapu'']]
| 1058
|"Pudhu Vennila"
| rowspan="2" |Maharaja
|
|
|-
| 1059
|"Idhayame"
|
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Porantha Veeda Puguntha Veeda]]''
| 1060
|"Thondharavu Pannathinga"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1061
|"Veettukku Vilakku"
|
|
|-
| 1062
|"Chandrigaiyum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Idhaya Nayagan]]''
| 1063
|"Vaa Thendrale"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1064
|"Methuva Methuva"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Gokulam]]''
| 1065
|"Antha Vanam"
| rowspan="2" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1066
|"Therkke Adikkuthu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Uzhaippali]]''
| 1067
|"Oru Kola Kili"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1068
|"Oru Maina"
|
|
|-
| 1069
|"Uzhaippaliyum Naane"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Kattalai (film)|''Kattalai'']]
| 1070
|"En Aasai"
|
|
|-
| 1071
|"Aathukara Mama"
|
|
|-
!''[[Nallathe Nadakkum]]''
| 1072
|"Nalla Rathiri"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Band Master]]''
| 1073
|"Keladi Kanmani"
|
|
|-
| 1074
|"Kili Joshiyam"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Maathangal Ezhu]]''
| 1075
|"Meetu Ennai"
| rowspan="2" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
| 1076
|"Netru Indru Naalai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Naan Pesa Ninaipathellam]]''
| 1077
|"Manoduthu Mayiloduthu"
| rowspan="4" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1078
|"Kadhal Ennum Puthu Pattu"
|
|
|-
| 1079
|"Aagaya Gangaye"
|
|
|-
| 1080
|"Poonguyil Ragame"(Female)
|
|
|-
!''[[Dharma Seelan]]''
| 1081
|"Ada Sonnaal"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1993|''Kadal Pura'']]
| 1082
|"Veedirunthum"
| rowspan="2" |[[Babu Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 1083
|"Kadalamma"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Pass Mark]]''
| 1084
|"Un Punagai Pothumadi"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1085
|"Yerikayya Yerikayya"
|
|
|-
!''[[Maravan]]''
| 1086
|"Singara Kuyilu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Udan Pirappu]]''
| 1087
|"Ammamma"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1088
|"Puthusa Oru"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1993|''Varam Tharum Vadivelan'']]
| 1089
|"Eesan Mel"(Female)
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 1090
|"Varam Tharum Vadilelan"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Karuppu Vellai]]''
| 1091
|"Oh Swarnamuki"
| rowspan="7" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1092
|"Azhagaana"
|
|
|-
| 1093
|"Sathiyame Jayamaagum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1993|''Akkarai Cheemayile'']]
| 1094
|"Indha Naatkal"
|
|
|-
| 1095
|"Idhu Muttha Poomazhai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Rajadurai (film)|Rajadurai]]''
| 1096
|"Muthu Muthu"(Duet)
|
|
|-
| 1097
|"Muthu Muthu"(Female)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Dhuruva Natchathiram (1993 film)|Dhuruva Natchathiram]]''
| 1098
|"Poovendru"
| rowspan="7" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 1099
|"Theysathi Theysamellam"
|
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Parvathi Ennai Paradi]]''
| 1100
|"Kombugal Illa"
|
|
|-
| 1101
|"Muthu Therey"
|
|
|-
!''[[Chinna Jameen]]''
| 1102
|"Oru Manthara Poo"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Enga Muthalali]]''
| 1103
|"Bhoomikkum Saamikkum"
|
|
|-
| 1104
|"Marumagale"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Kattabomman (film)|''Kattabomman'']]
| 1105
|"Palaivanathil"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1106
|"Priya Priya"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kizhakku Cheemayile]]''
| 1107
|"Then Kizhakku"(Version l)
| rowspan="2" |[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
| 1108
|"Then Kizhakku"(Version ll)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Paarambariyam]]''
| 1109
|"Ilam Pookkale"
| rowspan="2" |[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
| 1110
|"Sandhana Kaatru"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1993|''Pudhiya Thendral'']]
| 1111
|"Thendralile"
|[[Devendran]]
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Sabash Babu]]''
| 1112
|"Maane Marikkozhudhe"(Female)
| rowspan="2" |[[T. Rajendar]]
|
|
|-
| 1113
|"Podiyannu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Thiruda Thiruda]]''
| 1114
|"Veerapandi Kotayyile"
| rowspan="5" |[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
| 1115
|"Putham Pudhu Bhoomi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Uzhavan]]''
| 1116
|"Kaathu Kaathu Dinam Kaathu"
|
|
|-
| 1117
|"Kangalil Enne Eeramo"
|
|
|-
| 1118
|"En Aatha Pon Aatha"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kathirukka Neramillai]]''
| 1119
|"Thuliyo Thuli"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Purusha Lakshanam]]''
| 1120
|"Kaakai Chiraganile"
| rowspan="11" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1121
|"Mundhanaiye Naan"
|
|
|-
| 1122
|"Oru Thaali"
|
|
|-
| 1123
|"Sempatti Poove"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Rojavai Killathe]]''
| 1124
|"Arthamulla Pattu"
|
|
|-
| 1125
|"Nee Oru Pakkam"
|
|
|-
| 1126
|"Yamuna Nathi Karaiyil"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kizhakke Varum Paattu]]''
| 1127
|"Saamaththu Kaaththu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Senthoorapandi]]''
| 1128
|"Senthoora Pandikku"
|
|
|-
![[Deva (composer)|''Nee Oru Thanipiravi'']]
| 1129
|"Yaaru Adhu Ulle"
|
|
|-
![[Deva (composer)|''Shenbagam'']]
| 1130
|"Ezhumalai Kaattu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Ilaiyaraaja|Periyamma]]''
| 1131
|"Poove Varuga"
| rowspan="7" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1132
|"Ponnmani Maadam"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |''[[Tholi Muddhu|Ilam Nenje Vaa]]''
| 1133
|"Oru Mutham"
|
|
|-
| 1134
|"Ini Vellvathu'
|
|
|-
| 1135
|"Chittu Kuruvi"
|
|
|-
| 1136
|"Vezhva Maranama"
|
|
|-
| 1137
|"Mattai Kozhi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Rakshana|''Kaval Thurai'']]
| 1138
|"En Jenmamme"
| rowspan="20" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
| rowspan="4" |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 1139
|"Kanni Pappa Kanduko"
|
|-
| 1140
|"Guppu Guppu Malar"
|
|-
| 1141
|"Kanni Ponnu Bossu"
|
|-
! rowspan="7" |[[Allari Priyudu|''Yarukku Mappillai Yaaro'']]
| 1142
|"Rose Rose Rose"
|
|
|-
| 1143
|"Ah Ho Oru Malarukku"
|
|
|-
| 1144
|"Kangal Paattu"
|
|
|-
| 1145
|"Annamma"
|
|
|-
| 1146
|"Hey Mohini"
|
|
|-
| 1147
|"Olai Thantha Oorvasi"
|
|
|-
| 1148
|"Veshamaa Ada Penn"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Matru Devo Bhava|''Thaai Ullam'']]
| 1149
|"Paadaven Vandhenu"
|
|
|-
| 1150
|"Raagam Anuraagam"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="7" |[[Allari Alludu|''Galatta Maappillai'']]
| 1151
|"Vunna Rottu"
|
|
|-
| 1152
|"Kanmani Ezhil"
|
|
|-
| 1153
|"Mayavaram Mayabazar"
|
|
|-
| 1154
|"Singari Sakkaravalli"
|
|
|-
| 1155
|"Raittu Suttu"
|
|
|-
| 1156
|"Onnu Seru"
|
|
|-
| 1157
|"Kodi Vekkara"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Dhruvam|''Narasimha Mannadiar'']]
| 1158
|"Arasammagan"
| rowspan="3" |[[S. P. Venkatesh]]
|
|
|-
| 1159
|"Manimandiram"
|
|
|-
| 1160
|"Thumbai Malare"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Mutha Mestri|''Manbhumigu Maistri'']]
| 1161
|"Yenda Kartavya"
| rowspan="3" |[[Raj–Koti]]
|
|
|-
| 1162
|"Chik Chikcha"
|
|
|-
| 1163
|"Joru Vandhachi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Nippu Ravva|Suriya]]''
| 1164
|"Then Kuyil Paadum"
| rowspan="3" |[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|
|
|-
| 1165
|"Ramayya Ramayya"
|
|
|-
| 1166
|"Gulebakavali Ival"
|
|
|-
!''[[Captain Magal]]''
| 1167
|"Nandhavanam Pookkal"
|[[Hamsalekha]]
|Vairamuthu
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
|}

=== 1994 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Mahanadhi (1994 film)|Mahanadhi]]''
| 1168
|"Pongalo Pongal"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja|Ilayairaaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Rajakumaran (film)|''Rajakumaran'']]
| 1169
|"Aadi Varattum"
|
|
|-
| 1170
|"Sithagathi Pookale"
|
|
|-
!''[[Sethupathi IPS]]''
| 1171
|"Mazhalai Endrum"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Siragadikka Aasai]]''
| 1172
|"Then Sindhum"
|[[Manoj Gyan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Athiradi Padai]]''
| 1173
|"Jing Jikka"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1174
|"Senthaazhum"
|
|
|-
| 1175
|"Vennilavin"
|
|
|-
!''[[Subramaniya Swamy]]''
| 1176
|"Porakkavenum Porakkavenum"
| rowspan="6" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Chinna Muthu]]''
| 1177
|"Edhazh Oram"
|
|
|-
| 1178
|"Soodana Manasu"
|
|
|-
| 1179
|"Vadugapattiku"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Aranmanai Kaavalan]]''
| 1180
|"Oorukke Nallavan"
|
|
|-
| 1181
|"Raja Kumaran"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[The Captain (1946 film)|Captain]]''
| 1182
|"Iduppu Adikkadi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1183
|"Kannatthula Vai"
|
|
|-
!''[[Pondattiye Deivam]]''
| 1184
|"Vaigai Karai Vaalum Deviye"
|Bala Bharathi
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Purushanai Kaikkulla Pottukkanum]]''
| 1185
|"Enga Thodanga"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 1186
|"Idhu Aadham"
|
|
|-
!''[[Adharmam]]''
| 1187
|"Vambookara"
| rowspan="4" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Sakthivel]]''
| 1188
|"Idi Idikuthu"
|
|
|-
| 1189
|"Paatti Sutta"
|
|
|-
| 1190
|"Pambu Ena Vembu Ena"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Varavu Ettana Selavu Pathana]]''
| 1191
|"Sonnan Antha"
| rowspan="2" |[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
| 1192
|"Naan Ondru Ninai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Veera (1994 film)|Veera]]''
| 1193
|"Konji Konji"(Female)
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1194
|"Pattu Poo Poo"
|
|
|-
| 1195
|"Vaadi Vethalai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Oru Vasantha Geetham]]''
| 1196
|"Thanneerindri"
| rowspan="2" |[[T. Rajendar]]
|
|
|-
| 1197
|"Thotta Chinungi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Vaa Magale Vaa]]''
| 1198
|"Ayya En"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1199
|"Veenai Vandhathu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Duet (1994 film)|Duet]]''
| 1200
|"Anjali Anjali"
| rowspan="2" |[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
| 1201
|"En Kadhale"(Female)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Namma Annachi]]''
| 1202
|"Enna Dappa Partyinnu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1203
|"Neelagiri Mala Orathila"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Priyanka (1994 film)|Priyanka]]''
| 1204
|"Durga Durga"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1205
|"Jilla Mulukka"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Pathavi Pramanam]]''
| 1206
|"Ore Oru Pattu Naan Paada"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1207
|"Thulli Thulli Thudikithu"
|
|
|-
| 1208
|"Vetri Kottai Nayagare"
|
|
|-
!''[[Seevalaperi Pandi]]''
| 1209
|"Oyila Paadum Paatule"
|[[Adithyan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Super Police]]''
| 1210
|"Maamo Love"
| rowspan="2" |[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
| 1211
|"Muthamma"
|
|
|-
!''[[Maindhan (1994 film)|Maindhan]]''
| 1212
|"Sikkikicha Sikkikicha"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Rasigan]]''
| 1213
|"Beechoram"
|
|
|-
| 1214
|"Bombay City"
|
|
|-
!''[[Chinna Madam]]''
| 1215
|"Muthu Muthu Pennoruthi"
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Mettupatti Mirasu]]''
| 1216
|"Mangalam Mangalamae"
|MS Sriraj
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Gangmaster (film)|Manitha Manitha]]''
| 1217
|"Enna Mogam Kannamma"
| rowspan="3" |[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
| 1218
|"Kisu Kisu Namakkul"
|
|
|-
| 1219
|"Hello Hello Anburani"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[List of Tamil films of 1994|''Pudhupatti Ponnuthayi'']]
| 1220
|"Meri Pyari Koyi"
| rowspan="6" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1221
|"Manam Poul Mangalyam"
|
|
|-
| 1222
|"Maankutti Nee Vadi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Sadhu (film)|''Sadhu'']]
| 1223
|"Ithayame Oh"
|
|
|-
| 1224
|"Oorariya Peredhuththa"
|
|
|-
| 1225
|"Paddikirom"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Watchman Vadivel]]''
| 1226
|"Vaaram Thethi"
| rowspan="4" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1227
|"Kannathil Kannam Vaika"
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 1228
|"Chandiranum Sooriyanum"
|
|
|-
| 1229
|"Un Chinna Chinna"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Kanmani (film)|''Kanmani'']]
| 1230
|"Ennai Parthu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1231
|"Sariyana Paruppa"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Senthamizh Selvan]]''
| 1232
|"Rathiri Pozhuthu"
| rowspan="3" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]] & [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1233
|"Thaikulame"
|
|
|-
| 1234
|"Koodu Enge"
|
|
|-
![[Thamarai (film)|''Thamarai'']]
| 1235
|"Vellai Kili Oruththi"
| rowspan="9" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Sarigamapadani]]''
| 1236
|"Aye Vadi Chi Poya"
|
|
|-
| 1237
|"Ding Dang"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |''[[En Aasai Machan]]''
| 1238
|"Aadiyile Sedhi"
|
|
|-
| 1239
|"Karuppa Nila"
|
|
|-
| 1240
|"Raasithan Kai Raasithan"
|
|
|-
| 1241
|"Soru Kondu Pora"
|
|
|-
| 1242
|"Valai Virikkiran"
|
|
|-
!''[[Killadi Mappillai]]''
| 1243
|"Ovanna Solli"
|
|
|-
!''[[May Maadham]]''
| 1244
|"En Mel Vizhunda"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Raja Pandi]]''
| 1245
|"Athipazham"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 1246
|"Maharani"
|
|
|-
| 1247
|"Paaye Than"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Sathyavan]]''
| 1248
|"Kanmani Kanmani"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1249
|"Muthu Therey"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1994|''Ungal Anbu Thangachi'']]
| 1250
|"Yaaro Athu Yaaro"
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[M. M. Keeravani|Hero]]''
| 1251
|"Sollikkul Enna Irukku"
| rowspan="3" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
|
|-
| 1252
|"Puraa Puraa Pen Puraa"
|
|
|-
| 1253
|"Kanaadi Paarkka"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1994|''Mudhal Payanam'']]
| 1254
|"Kaathal Kolla"
| rowspan="4" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1255
|"Metukkale Metukkale"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Thai Maaman]]''
| 1256
|"Enga Kulasamy"
|
|
|-
| 1257
|"Amman Kovil"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Veeramani (film)|Veeramani]]''
| 1258
|"Chinna Chinna Chittu"
| rowspan="2" |Ekandhan
|
|
|-
| 1259
|"Chithirathil Thottu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Pattukottai Periyappa]]''
| 1260
|"Pettikulae"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1261
|"Palakaattu"
|
|
|-
!''[[List of Tamil films of 1994|Ulavaali]]''
| 1262
|"Mocha Kotta Pallazhagi"
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Ilaignar Ani]]''
| 1263
|"Chinna Chinna"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1264
|"Kanni Poove Vaa"
|
|
|-
!''[[Thendral Varum Theru]]''
| 1265
|"Unnai Pole"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Jallikattu Kaalai]]''
| 1266
|"Sirimalli Poove"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1267
|"Thookanakuruvi"
|
|
|-
![[Mani Rathnam (film)|''Mani Rathnam'']]
| 1268
|"Kadhal Illaathathu"
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Nammavar]]''
| 1269
|"Poonnkuyil Paadinal"
|[[Mahesh Mahadevan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Nattamai]]''
| 1270
|"Kambeduthu Vantha Singam"
| rowspan="2" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1271
|"Kozhi Kari Kulambu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Pavithra (film)|Pavithra]]''
| 1272
|"Eechambazham"
| rowspan="2" |[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
| 1273
|"Azhagu Nilave"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Periya Marudhu (film)|''Periya Marudhu'']]
| 1274
|"Ponnu Velayara"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1275
|"Raasavukku"
|
|
|-
!''[[Karuththamma]]''
| 1276
|"Thenmerku Paruva Kaatru"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Veera Padhakkam]]''
| 1277
|"Meesa Vacha"
| rowspan="7" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1278
|"Othaiyile"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Nila (1994 film)|Nila]]''
| 1279
|"Raasa Mela Aasai"
|
|
|-
| 1280
|"Rukku Namba"
|
|
|-
!''[[Magudikkaran]]''
| 1281
|"Koo Kukku Kuyilu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1994|''Pandiyanin Rajyathil'']]
| 1282
|"Sekka Sivantha"
|
|
|-
| 1283
|"Raasaathi Nee"
|
|
|-
!''[[Pudhiya Mannargal]]''
| 1284
|"Onnu Rendu Moonuda"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Atha Maga Rathiname]]''
| 1285
|"Mampoove"
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
|
|-
![[Manju Virattu (film)|''Manju Virattu'']]
| 1286
|"Mamma Unn Perai"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Vanaja Girija]]''
| 1287
|"Othaiyila"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1288
|"Siragadikkuthu"
|
|
|-
![[S. A. Rajkumar|''Chella Kiliye Mella Pesu'']]
| 1289
|"Sandhana"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
![[Deva (composer)|''Maappillai Thozhan'']]
| 1290
|"Pudhusu Puduhsu"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Criminal (1994 film)|''Ellame En Kadhali'']]
| 1291
|"Uyire Uyire Idhu"(Duet)
| rowspan="10" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
| rowspan="6" |Piraisoodan
| rowspan="5" |[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 1292
|"Party Party Oram"
|-
| 1293
|"Jamma Jamma Jamma"
|-
| 1294
|"Muthathin Yuddhathil"
|-
| 1295
|"Anbe Thodu Aasai"
|-
| 1296
|"Uyire Uyire Idhu"(Humming)
|S N Surendar
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Muddula Priyudu|''Sabash Ramu'']]
| 1297
|"Vasanthame"(Version l)
|
|
|-
| 1298
|"Naandha Unakku"
|
|
|-
| 1299
|"Silu Silu Sittu Pattu"
|
|
|-
| 1300
|"Vasanthame"(Version ll)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="8" |''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!|Anbalayam]]''
| 1301
|"Anbu Then Mazhai"
| rowspan="8" |[[Raamlaxman]]
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 1302
|"Oh Chinnamma"
|
|
|-
| 1303
|"Amma Amma"
|
|
|-
| 1304
|"Thedi Thedi Devan"
|
| rowspan="3" |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 1305
|"Vare Vaa Ramayya"
|
|-
| 1306
|"Alai Paayum"
|
|-
| 1307
|"Yenna Pattu Paada"
|
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 1308
|"Dhikthana"(Version ll)
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Hello Brother (1994 film)|''Hello Brother'']]
| 1309
|"Inbha Rangangal"
| rowspan="5" |[[Raj–Koti]]
|
|
|-
| 1310
|"Yerikkaiyya Sami"
|
|
|-
| 1311
|"Inbathen Mutham"
|
|
|-
| 1312
|"Thottaadu Pandhaadu"
|
|
|-
| 1313
|"Malar Kili Kili"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Bhairava Dweepam|''Vijaya Prathaaban'']]
| 1314
|"Varugirathe Vasantha"
| rowspan="2" |[[Madhavapeddi Suresh]]
|
|
|-
| 1315
|"Amma Shambhavi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Arun Pandian|''Chinna Durai Periya Durai'']]
| 1316
|"Aagaya Gangai"(Female)
| rowspan="2" |Shivaji Raja
|
|
|-
| 1317
|"Aamadi Kumikal"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |''[[Govinda Govinda (1994 film)|Greedam]]''
| 1318
|"Angamma"
| rowspan="5" |[[Raj–Koti]]
|
|
|-
| 1319
|"Ponmaane"
|
|
|-
| 1320
|"Thazhuvi"
|
|
|-
| 1321
|"Oh Naveena"
|
|
|-
| 1322
|"Indiran"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="7" |[[Mugguru Monagallu (1994 film)|''Alex Pandiyan'']]
| 1323
|"Roja"
| rowspan="7" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
| 1324
|"Saamanthi Poove"
|
|
|-
| 1325
|"Rajasekara"
|
|
|-
| 1326
|"Amma Endral"
|
|
|-
| 1327
|"Swamy Vaa Vaa"
|
|
|-
| 1328
|"Kuthu Kuthu"
|
|
|-
| 1329
|"Amma Endral"(Repeat)
|
|
|-
![[Ravanan (1994 film)|''Ravanan'']]
| 1330
|"Maaraappu Selaikkila"
|A K Vasagan
|
|
|-
|}

=== 1995 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Karuppu Nila]]''
| 1331
|"Coffee Venuma"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1332
|"Namma"
|
|
|-
| 1333
|"Sunda Kunji"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Engirundho Vandhan]]''
| 1334
|"Nilave Vaa"
| rowspan="3" |[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|
|
|-
| 1335
|"Nandhavana"
|
|
|-
| 1336
|"Oru Kootil"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Baashha]]''
| 1337
|"Thanga Magan"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1338
|"Style Style Thaan"
|
|
|-
| 1339
|"Azhagu Azhagu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kattumarakaran]]''
| 1340
|"Chinna Poove"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1341
|"Vetri Vetri"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Sathi Leelavathi (1995 film)|''Sathi Leelavathi'']]
| 1342
|"Marugo Marugo"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1343
|"Maharajanodu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Veluchami]]''
| 1344
|"Chinnamma"(Female)
| rowspan="5" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1345
|"Kan Azhagu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Gangai Karai Paattu]]''
| 1346
|"Ye Nasaari"
|
|
|-
| 1347
|"Maapela Thedungadi"
|
|
|-
| 1348
|"Oru Brundhavanathinil"
|
|
|-
!''[[Mudhal Udhayam]]''
| 1349
|"Poongatre"
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Paattu Padava]]''
| 1350
|"Paadura"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Deva (1995 film)|Deva]]''
| 1351
|"Chinna Paiyyan"
| rowspan="5" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1352
|"Oru Kaditham"(Female)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[List of Tamil films of 1995|Chinna Mani]]''
| 1353
|"Eesawari Unaiye"
|
|
|-
| 1354
|"Kiliye Kiliye"
|
|
|-
| 1355
|"Vanthathu"
|
|
|-
!''[[List of Tamil films of 1995|Kalyanam]]''
| 1356
|"Or Aayiram Venmalikai"
|Shiva
|
|
|-
!''[[Manathile Oru Paattu]]''
| 1357
|"Kanne Azhagiya"
|Ilayagangai
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Puthiya Aatchi]]''
| 1358
|"Eezhu Eezhu Vanam"
| rowspan="2" |Premi-Sreeni
|
|
|-
| 1359
|"Mutharame"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Bombay (1995 film)|Bombay]]''
| 1360
|"Kannalanae"
| rowspan="2" |[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
| 1361
|"Uyire Uyire"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Muthukulikka Vaariyala]]''
| 1362
|"Thangame"
| rowspan="3" |[[Soundaryan]]
|
|
|-
| 1363
|"Ilavattame"
|
|
|-
| 1364
|"Chik Chik"
|
|
|-
!''[[Thondan (1995 film)|Thondan]]''
| 1365
|"Littaalaa"
|[[Rajan Sarma]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Aanazhagan]]''
| 1366
|"Aaacha Paatcha"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1367
|"Arul Kann Paarvai"
|
|
|-
| 1368
|"Eley Matchi"
|
|
|-
!''[[Adithyan|Udhavum Karangal]]''
| 1369
|"Thirumananaalam"
|[[Adithyan]]
|
|
|-
!''[[En Pondatti Nallava]]''
| 1370
|"Kovai Kodi Kondu"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Lucky Man (1995 film)|''Lucky Man'']]
| 1371
|"Ammmamma Anandham"
| rowspan="2" |[[Adithyan]]
|
|
|-
| 1372
|"Yama Dharmaraja"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Pasumpon]]''
| 1373
|"Adi Aathi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
| 1374
|"Vada Thangam Vada"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Chinna Vathiyar]]''
| 1375
|"Vatta Pandhu"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1376
|"Intha Padukaiyile"
|
|
|-
| 1377
|"Love Pannidathan"
|
|
|-
!''[[Indira (film)|Indira]]''
| 1378
|"Thoda Thoda Malarndhadhenna"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Nandhavana Theru]]''
| 1379
|"Viralil Suthi Meettavaa"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Chellakannu]]''
| 1380
|"Chinna Kurivi"
| rowspan="7" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1995|''Sandhaikku Vandha Kili'']]
| 1381
|"Mayilu Mayilu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1995|''Rani Maharani'']]
| 1382
|"Maamanare Maamanare"
|
|
|-
| 1383
|"Senthoora Pattu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1995|''Anbu Magan'']]
| 1384
|"Marumagale"
|
|
|-
| 1385
|"Chinna Chiru"
|
|
|-
!''[[Marumagan]]''
| 1386
|"Laila Laila"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Witness (1995 film)|Witness]]''
| 1387
|"Kannil Oru Minnal"
| rowspan="2" |Premi-Sreeni
|
|
|-
| 1388
|"Naan Unnai Than"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Gandhi Pirantha Mann]]''
| 1389
|"Pattam Pattam"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1390
|"Pooparikira"
|
|
|-
!''[[Chakravarthy (1995 film)|Chakravarthy]]''
| 1391
|"Idathu Kaalai"
|
|
|-
!''[[Aval Potta Kolam]]''
| 1392
|"Penn Sonal"
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Mayabazar (1995 film)|Mayabazar]]''
| 1393
|"Birthday Party"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1394
|"Adada Oru"
|
|
|-
| 1395
|"Muthu Muthu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Vishnu (1995 film)|Vishnu]]''
| 1396
|"Singara Kannukku"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
![[Nadodi Mannan (1995 film)|''Nadodi Mannan'']]
| 1397
|"Thenkizhakku"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Raasaiyya]]''
| 1398
|"Karuvattu"
| rowspan="6" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1399
|"Unna Ninaichu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Periya Kudumbam]]''
| 1400
|"Aakki Vecha Soru"
|
|
|-
| 1401
|"Muchathu Maadapura"
|
|
|-
| 1402
|"Muthamma"
|
|
|-
| 1403
|"Thatthi"
|
|
|-
!''[[Aasai]]''
| 1404
|"Pulveli Pulveli"(Female)
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Mr. Madras]]''
| 1405
|"Akka Maga"
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Kolangal (1995 film)|''Kolangal'']]
| 1406
|"Tamizhan Padaichu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1407
|"Ullaasa Poongatre"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Sindhu Bath]]''
| 1408
|"Sindhubath Kottaiyile"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1409
|"Va Va Kanni Thene"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Mannukku Mariyadhai]]''
| 1410
|"Ponn Manne"
| rowspan="3" |Devadevan
|
|
|-
| 1411
|"Poo Malaiyo"
|
|
|-
| 1412
|"Raathiri Ezhum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Chandralekha (1995 film)|''Chandralekha'']]
| 1413
|"Adi Aathadi"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1414
|"Sangili"
|
|
|-
| 1415
|"Vanji Ponnu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Makkal Aatchi]]''
| 1416
|"Kottu Melangal"
|
|
|-
| 1417
|"Melooru Maaman"
|
|
|-
!''[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]''
| 1418
|"Kuluvalilae"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Ragasiya Police]]''
| 1419
|"Manmathan"
|[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="6" |''[[Seethanam]]''
| 1420
|"Chinnavaru"
| rowspan="6" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1421
|"Rathiri Puthu Rathiri"
|
|
|-
| 1422
|"Selaikku Potta"
|
|
|-
| 1423
|"Velayal"
|
|
|-
| 1424
|"Vanthalaappa"(Duet)
|
|
|-
| 1425
|"Vanthalaappa"(Female)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |''[[Ilaya Ragam]]''
| 1426
|"Pattikattu"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1427
|"Unnai Naan"
|
|
|-
| 1428
|"Unnai Naan"(Sad)
|
|
|-
| 1429
|"Naan Ondru"
|
|
|-
| 1430
|"Maruthani Charu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Maaman Magal (1995 film)|''Maaman Magal'']]
| 1431
|"Chupke Chori Chori"
| rowspan="2" |[[Adithyan]]
|
|
|-
| 1432
|"Dhimthana Thomthana"
|
|
|-
!''[[Varraar Sandiyar]]''
| 1433
|"Vai Kaiyyinnu Solliputten"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Murai Mappillai]]''
| 1434
|"Unnai Marunthu"
|Swararaj
|
|
|-
!''[[Thotta Chinungi]]''
| 1435
|"Manammae"(Female)
|Philip Jerry
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Mannai Thottu Kumbidanum]]''
| 1436
|"Aatha Muthu Mariyamma"
| rowspan="7" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1437
|"Seethatin Kaiyai Thotta"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Dear Son Maruthu]]''
| 1438
|"Chinnanchiru"(Female)
|
|
|-
| 1439
|"Malarudhu Nilavu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|''Karutha Machaan'']]
| 1440
|"Siru Siru Mazhai Thuli"
|
|
|-
| 1441
|"Veetu Thotathu"
|
|
|-
| 1442
|"You You I Love"
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
![[S. A. Rajkumar|''Namma Ponnu Vazhanum'']]
| 1443
|"Rakkumuthu"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
![[S. A. Rajkumar|''Pudhu Ponnu'']]
| 1444
|"Kattinilae"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Gulabi (1995 film)|''Idhayame Idhayame'']]
| 1445
|"Megangalo Ennai"
| rowspan="3" |[[Sashi Preetam]]
|
|
|-
| 1446
|"Manishavin Mugavettu"
|
|
|-
| 1447
|"En Kadhala"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Subha Sankalpam|''Paasavalai'']]
| 1448
|"Mutharam Seiya Poren"
| rowspan="8" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| rowspan="3" |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 1449
|"Chiranjeevi Showbhagyavathi"
|-
| 1450
|"Hailesso Hailesso"
|-
| 1451
|"Sree Hariyin Paatham"
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Mounam|''Mouna Yuddham'']]
| 1452
|"Konjudha Kadhal"
|
|
|-
| 1453
|"Innum Enna Mounamo"
|
|
|-
| 1454
|"Happy New Year"
|
|
|-
| 1455
|"Palak Palak"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Ammoru|Amman]]''
| 1456
|"Arul Maraigal"
| rowspan="4" |[[Sri Kommineni]]
|
|
|-
| 1457
|"Arul Puriya"
|
|
|-
| 1458
|"Arulum"
|
|
|-
| 1459
|"Madhu Malar"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Alluda Majaka|''Rowdy Boss'']]
| 1460
|"Rendu Rendu Kannal"
| rowspan="5" |[[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|
|
|-
| 1461
|"Pettai Kozhi"
|
|
|-
| 1462
|"Unakka Unakka"
|
|
|-
| 1463
|"Chinna Ponnu"
|
|
|-
| 1464
|"Athaikku Magalo"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Anaganaga Oka Roju|''Andru Oru Naal'']]
| 1465
|"Yema Kobama"
| rowspan="4" |[[Sri Kommineni]]
|
|
|-
| 1466
|"Thappu Nadakkudhu"
|
|
|-
| 1467
|"Yenamma Yennachenakku"
|
|
|-
| 1468
|"Yeno Thavikiradhe"
|
|
|-
!''[[Naan Petha Magane]]''
| 1469
|"Manichudunga"
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Ayudha Poojai]]''
| 1470
|"Akka Kulikara"
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
|}

=== 1996 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kizhakku Mugam]]''
| 1471
|"Kannum Kannum"
| rowspan="2" |[[Adithyan]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Vairamuthu]]
|[[Adithyan]]
|-
| 1472
|"Chithamani"
|
|-
![[Love Birds (1996 film)|''Love Birds'']]
| 1473
|"Malargaley Malargaley"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-Hariharan
! rowspan="2" |''[[Parambarai]]''
| 1474
|"Thanjavur Nandi"
| rowspan="7" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1475
|"Vayakkaadu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Thayagam]]''
| 1476
|"Cu Cu Tara"
|
|
|-
| 1477
|"Monalisa"
|
|
|-
| 1478
|"Oru Indiya Paravai"
|
|
|-
| 1479
|"Rangeela"
|
|
|-
![[Thirumbi Paar (1996 film)|''Thirumbi Paar'']]
| 1480
|"Vala Vayasukulla"
|
|
|-
!''[[Ullathai Allitha]]''
| 1481
|"I Love You Love You"
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Vaanmathi]]''
| 1482
|"Poontha Malli"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1483
|"Vaikaaraiyil"
|
|
|-
![[Mahaprabhu (film)|''Mahaprabhu'']]
| 1484
|"Jackie Chan"
|
|
|-
!''[[Vaikarai Pookkal]]''
| 1485
|"Uyir Vazhgiren"
|[[Devendran]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Amman Kovil Vaasalile]]''
| 1486
|"Ila Manasu"
| rowspan="3" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1487
|"Ponnoonjal Aaduthu"
|
|
|-
| 1488
|"Vayasu Ponnuthan"
|
|
|-
!''[[Meendum Savithri]]''
| 1489
|"Avaravar Thalai"
|[[Devendran]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Nattupura Pattu]]''
| 1490
|"Aatharikkum"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1491
|"Kokki Vaichchen"
|
|
|-
| 1492
|"Nattupura Pattu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Poove Unakkaga (film)|Poove Unakkaga]]''
| 1493
|"Anantham Anantham"(Female)
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Kalloori Vaasal]]''
| 1494
|"Kiss Me"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Summa Irunga Machan]]''
| 1495
|"Tik Tik Tik"
|
|
|-
!''[[Puthiya Parasakthi]]''
| 1496
|"Aathoram Maligai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Irattai Roja]]''
| 1497
|"Arasana Nambi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1498
|"Siruvaani Aathu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Maanbumigu Maanavan]]''
| 1499
|"Sooriyane"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Kaalam Maari Pochu (1996 film)|''Kaalam Maari Pochu'']]
| 1500
|"Achcham Ennadi"
|
|
|-
| 1501
|"Punnagai Raniye"(Duet)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Karuppu Roja]]''
| 1502
|"Mangala Roopini"
| rowspan="3" |M S V Raja
|
|
|-
| 1503
|"Siraiyil"
|
|
|-
| 1504
|"Siraiyil"(Repeat)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Sengottai (film)|''Sengottai'']]
| 1505
|"Paadu Paadu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
| 1506
|"Vennilave Velli Poove"
|
|
|-
!''[[Aavathum Pennale Azhivathum Pennale]]''
| 1507
|"Mavane Magarasanae"
|Bala Bharathi
|
|
|-
!''[[Krishna (1996 Tamil film)|Krishna]]''
| 1508
|"Idhayam Idhayam"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Avathara Purushan]]''
| 1509
|"Unnai Ninachi"
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Veettukulle Thiruvizha]]''
| 1510
|"Oothukottai"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Kadhal Kottai]]''
| 1511
|"Kaalamellam Kadhal"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Sundara Purushan (1996 film)|''Sundara Purushan'']]
| 1512
|"Marutha Azhagaro"
| rowspan="2" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1513
|"Vennila Vennila"
|
|
|-
!''[[Tamizh Selvan]]''
| 1514
|"Aasa Kepakali"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Poovarasan]]''
| 1515
|"Rasa Magan Raasanukku"
| rowspan="4" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1516
|"Raasaathi"
|
|
|-
| 1517
|"Intha Poovukku Oru"
|
|
|-
| 1518
|"Kattikidalaam"
|
|
|-
!''[[Priyam (1996 film)|Priyam]]''
| 1519
|"Udaiyatha Vennila"
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Vishwanath (1996 film)|''Vishwanath'']]
| 1520
|"Kartharai Parthen"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1521
|"1,2,3,4,5,6 Yenn Phone"
|
|
|-
| 1522
|"Mama Nan Unakku"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Mettukudi]]''
| 1523
|"Velvetta Velvetta"
| rowspan="2" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1524
|"Adi Yaaradhu Yaaradhu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Sivasakthi]]''
| 1525
|"Marumagale"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Vetri Vinayagar]]''
| 1526
|"Madhane Rathiyae Ennidayae"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Namma Ooru Raasa]]''
| 1527
|"Chinna Mani"
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Subash (film)|Subash]]''
| 1528
|"Thendral Mela"
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Parivattam]]''
| 1529
|"Madurai Anthapakkam"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Thuraimugam]]''
| 1530
|"Chinna Chinna"
| rowspan="3" |[[Adithyan]]
|
|
|-
| 1531
|"Rukkumani Wrongapora"
|
|
|-
| 1532
|"Raja Rajavin"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Gokulathil Seethai (film)|Gokulathil Seethai]]''
| 1533
|"Enthan Kural"
| rowspan="12" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1534
|"Gukulathu Kanna"
|
|
|-
| 1535
|"Nilavae Vaa"(Female)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Kalki (1996 film)|Kalki]]''
| 1536
|"Ezhuthugiren Oru Kaditham"
|
|
|-
| 1537
|"Porul Thedum"(Female)
|
|
|-
| 1538
|"Sariya Ethu Sariya Manitha"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Panchalankurichi (film)|''Panchalankurichi'']]
| 1539
|"Chinna Chinna"
|
|
|-
| 1540
|"Katrai Niruthi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Senathipathi]]''
| 1541
|"Moonu Mozhama Malliyappoo"
|
|
|-
| 1542
|"Palaivana Roja"
|
|
|-
| 1543
|"Yarukkum Thalaivanangaa"
|
|
|-
![[Gopala Gopala (1996 film)|''Gopala Gopala'']]
| 1544
|"Yuddhathil"
|
|
|-
!''[[Vasantha Vaasal]]''
| 1545
|"Athipathi Azhagu"
|Masa
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Purushan Pondatti]]''
| 1546
|"Mazhaaiyadikuthu"
| rowspan="3" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1547
|"Natta Nadu Rathiri"
|
|
|-
| 1548
|"Pulla Venum"
|
|
|-
![[Deva (composer)|''Deiva Saatchi'']]
| 1549
|"Anbae Yerenna Solla"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
![[Ninne Pelladata (1996 film)|''Unnaiye Kalyaanam Pannikkiren'']]
| 1550
|"Kannukkul Un Uruvame"
|[[Sandeep Chowta]]
|
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Sahasa Veerudu Sagara Kanya|''Kanavu Kanni'']]
| 1551
|"Kendai Meena Thedi Poga"
| rowspan="6" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Vairamuthu]]
| rowspan="6" |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 1552
|"Manjal Niram Konda Ponnu"
|-
| 1553
|"Meena Meena Nee Enna"
|-
| 1554
|"Malligai Thoranangal"
|-
| 1555
|"Iru Kangalil Kavithai"
|-
| 1556
|"Kaniya Kaniya Oru Mutham"
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Kaalapani|''Siraichalai'']]
| 1557
|"Alolam Kili Thopilae"
| rowspan="4" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 1558
|"Suttum Sudar Vizhi"
|
|[[M. G. Sreekumar]]
|-
| 1559
|"Sempoove Poove"
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 1560
|"Maaman Kurai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Devaraagam]]''
| 1561
|"Azhagiya Karthigal"
| rowspan="9" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Vairamuthu]]
|
|-
| 1562
|"Ya Ya Yadhava"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 1563
|"Kadhal Ganam"
|
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Bombay Priyudu|''Bombay Kadhali'']]
| 1564
|"Un Aasai Kadhali"
|
|
|-
| 1565
|"Manmatha Malaranbu"
|
|
|-
| 1566
|"Raajkapoor Cinemawala"
|
|
|-
| 1567
|"Hello Priya"
|
|
|-
| 1568
|"Jeeva Naatha Ennodu"
|
|
|-
| 1569
|"Balamurali Krishna Engal"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Sarada Bullodu|''Enga Oor Singam'']]
| 1570
|"Vuyara Poda"
| rowspan="6" |[[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|
|
|-
| 1571
|"Ranga Ranga"
|
|
|-
| 1572
|"Jilele Jilele"
|
|
|-
| 1573
|"Naatu Kozhi Petta"
|
|
|-
| 1574
|"Mogamammo"
|
|
|-
| 1575
|"Poo Saral"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Poomani (film)|''Poomani'']]
| 1576
|"Then Podhigai Kaatre"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1577
|"Ila Vatta Vatta Kalla"
|
|
|-
|}

=== 1997 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Dharma Chakkaram]]''
| 1578
|"Putta Putta"
| rowspan="4" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Kaalamellam Kaathiruppen]]''
| 1579
|"Nilladi Endradhu"(Duet)
|
|
|-
| 1580
|"Nilladi Endradhu"(Solo)
|
|
|-
| 1581
|"Suthudhadi Bambarathai"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kathirunda Kadhal]]''
| 1582
|"Many Many"
| rowspan="2" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1583
|"Sir Uh Porandha"
|
|
|-
!''[[Minsara Kanavu]]''
| 1584
| "Manna Madurai"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|Vairamuthu
|[[Unni Menon]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
!''[[Bharathi Kannamma]]''
| 1585
|"Thendralukku Theriyuma"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Gopura Deepam]]''
| 1586
|"En Vaazhkkai Mannavane"
|[[Soundaryan]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Nesam]]''
| 1587
|"O Ranganatha"
| rowspan="6" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Kaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga]]''
| 1588
|"Putham Pudhu Malargal"
|
|
|-
!''[[Vaimaye Vellum]]''
| 1589
|"Kuiyil Pattu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Mannava (film)|''Mannava'']]
| 1590
|"Indhu Maha Samudrame"(Version l)
|
|
|-
| 1591
|"Indhu Maha Samudrame"(Version ll)
|
|
|-
| 1592
|"Nee Oru Romiyo"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[List of Tamil films of 1997|''Maradha Uravu'']]
| 1593
|"Endru Mogham"
| rowspan="2" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|
|
|-
| 1594
|"Oru Nemisam"
|
|
|-
!''[[Mappillai Gounder]]''
| 1595
|"Madhuraina Madhuraithan"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |''[[Vivasaayi Magan]]''
| 1596
|"Katradikkum Neram"
| rowspan="5" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1597
|"Oru Maina Maina"
|
|
|-
| 1598
|"Sathiya Thaiyin"
|
|
|-
| 1599
|"Vaanathilae Chandirana"(Female)
|
|
|-
| 1600
|"Vettaveli Pottalile"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]''
| 1601
| "Nagumo"(Version l)
| rowspan="2" | Deva
|
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| 1602
|"Nagumo"(Version ll)
|
|
|-
!''[[Dhinamum Ennai Gavani]]''
| 1603
|"Sevvanthi Thottathile"
| rowspan="3" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Raasi (film)|Raasi]]''
| 1604
|"Ennai Thedetho"
|
|
|-
| 1605
|"Thendral"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 1997|''My India'']]
| 1606
|"Ulagam Ondru Thaan"
|[[Adithyan]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Vallal]]''
| 1607
|"Katharu Satai"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Pistha (1997 film)|Pistha]]''
| 1608
|"Siru Siru Manithuli"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 1609
|"Siru Siru"(Sad)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Pongalo Pongal]]''
| 1610
|"Appanukku Paadam Sonna"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1611
|"Namma Thaikulamtan"
|
|
|-
| 1612
|"Kalam Namakkunnu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Nattupura Nayagan]]''
| 1613
|"Nethu Pudhicha"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
![[Once More (1997 film)|''Once More'']]
| 1614
|"Poove Poove Penpoove"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[V. I. P. (1997 film)|''V. I. P.'']]
| 1615
|"Minnal Oru Kodi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ranjit Barot]]
|
|
|-
| 1616
|"Mayilu Mayilu Mayilamma"
|
|
|-
!''[[Nandhini (film)|Nandhini]]''
| 1617
|"Laila Laila"
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Kadhal Palli]]''
| 1618
|"Kadhali"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Periya Idathu Mappillai]]''
| 1619
|"Kadhalin Formula"
| rowspan="2" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1620
|"Saare Jahanse"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Raman Abdullah]]''
| 1621
|"Puthithai Ketkum"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1622
|"Sembaruthi Pennoruthi"
|
|
|-
| 1623
|"Muthamizhe"
|
|
|-
![[Abhimanyu (1997 film)|''Abhimanyu'']]
| 1624
|"Thodu Vaanamaai"
| rowspan="9" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
![[Kalyana Vaibhogam (film)|''Kalyana Vaibhogam'']]
| 1625
|"Vizhioda Adiye Azhaga"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Paththini (1997 film)|''Paththini'']]
| 1626
|"O Thendrale"
|
|
|-
| 1627
|"Sumaithangi"
|
|
|-
!''[[Aahaa..! (1997 film)|Aahaa..!]]''
| 1628
|"Mudhan Mudhalil"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Periya Manushan]]''
| 1629
|"Arabnha Etham"
|
|
|-
| 1630
|"Hollywood Mudhal"
|
|
|-
| 1631
|"Oh Mama"
|
|
|-
!''[[Porkkaalam]]''
| 1632
|"Chingucha Chingucha"
|
|
|-
!''[[Ratchagan]]''
| 1633
|"Pogum Vezhiyellam"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Themmangu Paattukaaran]]''
| 1634
|"Ponnukku"
| rowspan="6" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1635
|"Kaveri Aaru"
|
|
|-
| 1636
|"Namma Manasu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Vasuki (film)|''Vasuki'']]
| 1637
|"Muthamma"
|
|
|-
| 1639
|"Veppilai"
|
|
|-
| 1640
|"Vamsathuku"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Vidukathai (film)|''Vidukathai'']]
| 1641
|"Idhayam Idhayam"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1642
|"Meenakshi Kaiyil"
|
|
|-
!''[[Thadayam]]''
| 1643
|"Oh Poornima"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kadavul]]''
| 1644
|"Kovilukku Irukkum"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Poochudava]]''
| 1645
|"Kaadhal Kaadhal"
| rowspan="2" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1646
|"Sillu Sillu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kadhalukku Mariyadhai]]''
| 1647
|"Anantha Kuyilin Pattu"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1648
|"Anantha Kuyilin Pattu"(Solo)
|
|
|-
!''[[Ilaiyaraaja|Punniyavathi]]''
| 1649
|"Oru Aalam Poovu"
|
|
|-
![[Ilaiyaraaja|''Chinna Ramasamy Periya Ramasamy'']]
| 1650
|"Unnai Naan Sernthiruka"
|
|
|-
![[Ilaiyaraaja|''Poonjolai'']]
| 1651
|"Kokkoga Kokkarako"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Daud (film)|Ottam]]''
| 1652
|"Sooriyanaai"
| rowspan="2" |[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
| 1653
|"En Kaadhal Neruppil"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |[[Amruthavarshini|''Uyirinum Melaaga'']]
| 1654
|"Thulludu Nenjil Aasai"
| rowspan="8" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1655
|"Elanju Suriyan"
|
|Mano
|-
| 1656
|"Sampangi"
|
|
|-
| 1657
|"Mangai Mayil"
|
|Mano
|-
| 1658
|"Thulludu Nenjil Aasai"(Sad)
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Ajith Kumar|Charumathi]]''
| 1659
|"Kanni Theevu Kathai"
|
|
|-
| 1660
|"Maalai Maalai Poo"
|
|
|-
![[Deva (composer)|''Adhanda Idhanda'']]
| 1661
|"Mundha Naal"
|
|
|-
![[Sirpy|''Unakkum Enakkum Kalyanam'']]
| 1662
|"Solla Vanthathai"
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Annamayya (film)|''Annamacharya'']]
| 1663
|"Ketpathe"
| rowspan="2" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
|
|-
| 1664
|"Ilamai Konjum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Osey Ramulamma|''Adimaipenn'']]
| 1665
|"Thene Senthene"
| rowspan="2" |[[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
|
|
|-
| 1666
|"Sivappu Vannam"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Taraka Ramudu|''Velli Nilave'']]
| 1667
|"Kobam Enna"
| rowspan="3" |[[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|
|
|-
| 1668
|"Thanga Manam"
|
|
|-
| 1669
|"Ippothe Ingae"
|
|
|}

=== 1998 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Kaadhale Nimmadhi]]''
| 1670
|"Kaalaiyil"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Maru Malarchi]]''
| 1671
|"Pankajame"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 1672
|"Nandri Solla Unakku"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Ulavuthurai]]''
| 1673
|"Meena Un Kannukulle"
| rowspan="2" |Shah
|
|
|-
| 1674
|"Ullatthai Thirandhu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kondattam]]''
| 1675
|"Unnoduthaan"(Happy)
| rowspan="2" |[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
|
|-
| 1676
|"Unnoduthaan"(Sad)
|
|
|-
!''[[Sundara Pandian]]''
| 1677
|"Kayil Vandha"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
![[Swarnamukhi (film)|''Swarnamukhi'']]
| 1678
|"Pollatha"
|Swararaj
|
|
|-
!''[[Kaadhal Mannan]]''
| 1679
|"Vaannum Mannum"
|[[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Color Kanavugal]]''
| 1680
|"Muthangal Vazhangu"
|[[Adithyan]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Kangalin Vaarthaigal]]''
| 1681
|"Sreeramane"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Vaettiya Madichu Kattu]]''
| 1682
|"Un Peyar"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1683
|"Vaanuyarntha"
|
|
|-
!''[[Thulli Thirintha Kaalam]]''
| 1684
| "Azhage"
| Jayanth
|
|
|-
!''[[Ini Ellam Sugame]]''
| 1685
|"Kangalilae"
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Ninaithen Vandhai]]''
| 1686
|"Maligayae Maligayae"
| rowspan="4" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1687
|"Un Marbile Vizhi Moodi"
|
|
|-
| 1688
|"Unai Ninaithu Naan Enai"
|
|
|-
!''[[Ponnu Velayira Bhoomi]]''
| 1689
|"Mania Thalikatti"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Veera Thalattu]]''
| 1690
|"Kumbhabhi"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1691
|"Alapirandha"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kavalai Padathe Sagodhara]]''
| 1692
|"Maama Poo Poo"
|
|
|-
![[Jolly (film)|''Jolly'']]
| 1693
|"Otha Kallu Mookuthi"
|Kavi
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Rathna (film)|Rathna]]''
| 1694
|"Vaan Thuli"
| rowspan="2" |Jayasurya
|
|
|-
| 1695
|"Vanjikodi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Aval Varuvala]]''
| 1696
|"Sikki Mukki"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 1697
|"Seliayile Veedu"
|
|
|-
![[Harichandra (1998 film)|''Harichandra'']]
| 1698
|"Mundhaanai Saelai"
|Agosh
|
|
|-
!''[[Golmaal (1998 film)|Golmaal]]''
| 1699
|"Nee Pesum"
|Bala Bharathi
|
|
|-
!''[[Priyamudan]]''
| 1700
|"Pooja Vaa"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="5" |''[[Ilaiyaraaja|Kanmani Oru Kavithai]]''
| 1701
|"Rimjim Rimjim"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1702
|"Ulagam Unakku"
|
|
|-
| 1703
|"Ulaga Athisayam"
|
|
|-
| 1704
|"Ragam Azhaitha"
|
|
|-
| 1705
|"Jangu Jangu Janga"
|
|
|-
!''[[Natpukkaga]]''
| 1706
|"Chinna Chinna Mundhiriya"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Kalyana Galatta]]''
| 1707
|"Velli Mazhai"
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Sollamale]]''
| 1708
|"Sollathae"
| rowspan="2" |Bobby
|
|
|-
| 1709
|"Sollu Chollu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Nilaave Vaa]]''
| 1710
|"Nee Kaatru"(Duet Version)
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen]]''
| 1711
|"Kaatrukku Thudhuvittu"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[En Aasai Rasave]]''
| 1712
| "Pathu Rooba Ravikkai"
| rowspan="5" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[Kasthuri Raja]]
| Arunmozhi
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Ellame En Pondattithaan]]''
| 1713
|"Kothamalli"
|
|
|-
| 1714
|"Twinkle Twinkle"
|
|
|-
| 1715
|"Valzhuvar Kuppamthanda"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kannedhirey Thondrinal]]''
| 1716
|"Kanave Kalaiyadhe"
|
|
|-
!''[[Senthooram]]''
| 1717
|"Unakkoruthi"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[En Uyir Nee Thaane]]''
| 1718
|"Mela Mela"
| rowspan="4" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Urimai Por]]''
| 1719
|"Ilangkaali Deviamma"
|
|
|-
![[Pudhumai Pithan (1998 film)|''Pudhumai Pithan'']]
| 1720
|"Onnu Rendu"(Female)
|
|
|-
!''[[Guru Paarvai]]''
| 1721
|"Ek Ladka"
|
|
|-
!''[[Uyirodu Uyiraga]]''
| 1722
|"Anbae Anbae"
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Kannathal]]''
| 1723
|"Munthi Munthi Vinayagare"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Pooveli]]''
| 1724
|"Oru Poo Ezhuthum"
|[[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Cheran Chozhan Pandian]]''
| 1725
|"Nam Vazhvile"
|[[Soundaryan]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Love Story 1999|''Nee Enakku Uyiramma'']]
| 1726
|"Pennazhage"
| rowspan="4" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1727
|"Periyavargale"
|
|
|-
| 1728
|"Kanmani Roja"
|
|
|-
![[Deva (composer)|''Thambikku Thaai Manasu'']]
| 1729
|"Sorgathukku Enipadi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Harikrishnans]]''
| 1730
|"Ponnaambal"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ouseppachan]]
|
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| 1731
|"Pooja Deivam"
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 1732
|"Thamizhisai Mazhai"
|
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
![[Arun Pandian|''Naga Devi'']]
| 1733
|"Naga Deviye"
|[[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Choodalani Vundi|''Culcutta'']]
| 1734
|"Kannile"
| rowspan="4" |[[Mani Sharma]]
|
|
|-
| 1735
|"Uthattu Then"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Bavagaru Bagunnara?|Muradan]]''
| 1736
|"Nithamum"
|
|
|-
| 1737
|"Sorry Sorry"
|
|
|}

=== 1999 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Suriya Paarvai]]''
| 1738
|"Kadhavai Thirakkum"(Female)
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Thodarum]]''
| 1739
|"Yamma Yamma"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Thullatha Manamum Thullum]]''
| 1740
|"Thoda Thodu Enave"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 1741
|"Innisai Paadivarum"(Female)
|
|
|-
!''[[Kallazhagar]]''
| 1742
|"Thoonda Thoonda" & "Azhaga Kallazhaga" (film version)
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Unnai Thedi]]''
| 1743
|"Malavika"
|
|
|-
!''[[Adutha Kattam]]''
| 1744
|"Karumbukku Vearummbu"
|[[S. P. Venkatesh]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[En Swasa Kaatre]]''
| 1745
|"En Swasa Kaatre"(Humming)
| rowspan="3" |[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
| 1746
|"Theendai"
|
|
|-
| 1747
|"Thirakkadha"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Endrendrum Kadhal]]''
| 1748
|"Kangala Minnala"
| rowspan="2" |Manoj Bhatnagar
|
|
|-
| 1749
|"Nanodi Nanba"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Devi (1999 film)|Devi]]''
| 1750
|"Kumkuma Poovin"
| rowspan="3" |[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|
|
|-
| 1751
|"Nallodu Vedhamum"
|
|
|-
| 1752
|"Seevani Rudhrani"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Periyanna]]''
| 1753
|"Pacholay Keethukulla"
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]]
|
|
|-
| 1754
|"Thanthane Thamara"
|
|
|-
!''[[Nilave Mugam Kaattu]]''
| 1755
|"Suthatha Bhoomi"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Poomagal Oorvalam]]''
| 1756
|"Malare Oru Varthai"
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]]
|
|
|-
| 1757
|"Naan Thai Yendhru"
|
|
|-
| 1758
|"Kannai Parikkira"
|
|
|-
!''[[Poomaname Vaa]]''
| 1759
|"Ennai Thottu Vittu"
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
![[Rajasthan (film)|''Rajasthan'']]
| 1760
|"Machan Machan"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Nenjinile]]''
| 1761
|"Manase Manase"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Antahpuram]]''
| 1762
|"Azageah Unn Mugam"
| rowspan="3" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1763
|"Ammmamma Kaadal"
|
|
|-
| 1764
|"Poovetham Kanna"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Viralukketha Veekkam]]''
| 1765
|"Pombalaya Less"
| rowspan="5" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1766
|"Pondatti Illaaina"
|
|
|-
| 1767
|"Yettukattu Vaasal"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kanave Kalaiyadhe]]''
| 1768
|"Kannil Unnai"
|
|
|-
| 1769
|"Dilli Thaandi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Malabar Police]]''
| 1770
|"En Kannadi Thoppukkulle"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 1771
|"Palakaattu Ponnu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Taal (film)|Thaalam]]''
| 1772
|"Sarithana Sarithana"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Nee Varuvai Ena]]''
| 1773
|"Paarthu"(Female)
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 1774
|"Oru Devathai"(Female)
|
|
|-
!''[[Amarkkalam]]''
| 1775
|"Unnodu Vaazha"
|[[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Jodi (1999 film)|Jodi]]''
| 1776
|"Mel Nattu Isai"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Minsara Kanna]]''
| 1777
|"Theemukka"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Manaivikku Mariyadhai]]''
| 1778
|"Aakka Poruthathu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1779
|"Thaanguthana"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Suryodayam]]''
| 1780
|"Kaadhal Oru Poonthottam"
| rowspan="2" |Ghani
|
|
|-
| 1781
|"Anbu Arasala Vendum"
|
|
|-
!''[[Hello (1999 film)|Hello]]''
| 1782
|"Intha Nimisham"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Kannupada Poguthaiya]]''
| 1783
|"Kannoramai Kadhai Pesu"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 1784
|"Manasa Madichi"
|
|
|-
![[Taj Mahal (1999 film)|''Taj Mahal'']]
| 1785
|"Karisal Tharasil"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
![[Iraniyan (film)|''Iraniyan'']]
| 1786
|"Chandirane Satchi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Unnaruge Naan Irundhal]]''
| 1787
|"Enthan Uyire Enthan Uyire"
|
|
|-
!''[[Manam Virumbuthe Unnai]]''
| 1788
|"Vanathil Aadum"(Female)
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Paattali]]''
| 1789
|"Siruvani Oothallo"(Female)
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
![[Ilaiyaraaja|''Bharani'']]
| 1790
|"Nethirunda Ulagam"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[K. T. Kunjumon|Kodiesvaran]]''
| 1791
|"Tholaivinilea"(Female)
| rowspan="2" |Agosh
|
|
|-
| 1792
|"Naan Keezhnaatu"
|
|[[KK (singer)|KK]]
|}

=== 2000 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="4" |''[[Kadhal Rojavae]]''
| 1793
|"Ilavenil Idhu"
| rowspan="6" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1794
|"Midnight Mama"
|
|
|-
| 1795
|"Pudhuponnu"
|
|
|-
| 1796
|"Manam Pona Pokkil"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kannukkul Nilavu]]''
| 1797
|"Chinnanchiru Kiliye"
|
|
|-
![[Thirunelveli (film)|''Thirunelveli'']]
| 1798
|"Yele Azhagamma"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Vaanathaippola]]''
| 1799
| "Rojappu Maalaiyile"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
| Mano
|-
| 1800
|"Mainaave Mainaave"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Good Luck (2000 film)|''Good Luck'']]
| 1801
|"Itho Intha Nenjodu"
| rowspan="3" |[[Manoj Gyan|Manoj Bhatnagar]]
|
|
|-
| 1802
|"July Pathinaaru"
|
|
|-
| 1803
|"Idhayam Thudikkirathe"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kakkai Siraginilae]]''
| 1804
|"Nenavu Therinja"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Rajakali Amman]]''
| 1805
|"Pudhukottai Bhuvaneswari"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]''
| 1806
|"Kannamoochi Yenada"(Solo)
| rowspan="3" |[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
| 1807
|"Yengae Enathu"
|
|
|-
| 1808
|"Kannamoochi Yenada"(Duet)
|
|
|-
!''[[Kandha Kadamba Kathir Vela]]''
| 1809
|"Thenatru Meena"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Kannan Varuvaan (2000 film)|Kannan Varuvaan]]''
| 1810
|"Kooda Mela"
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Unnai Kodu Ennai Tharuven]]''
| 1811
|"Unnai Kodu Ennai Tharuven"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Vetri Kodi Kattu]]''
| 1812
|"Valli Valli"
| rowspan="4" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai (2000 film)|''Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai'']]
| 1813
|"Kodi Vazhnthal"
|
|
|-
| 1814
|"Enga Veettu Kalyanam"
|
|
|-
| 1815
|"Engal Thamizh Selvi"
|
|
|-
!''[[Kann Thirandhu Paaramma]]''
| 1816
|"Amman Solai"
|S.P.Eshwar
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Simmasanam]]''
| 1817
|"Kongu Nattu Mama"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 1818
|"Manja Manja Kizhangu"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Independence Day (2000 film)|''Independence Day'']]
| 1819
|"College College"
| rowspan="5" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1820
|"Namma Thaayi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Sabhash]]''
| 1821
|"Kanave Kanave"(Duet)
|
|
|-
| 1822
|"Kanave Kanave"(Solo)
|
|
|-
!''[[Unnai Kann Theduthey]]''
| 1823
|"Paatu Ithu"
|
|
|-
!''[[Budget Padmanabhan]]''
| 1824
|"AzhagaSundari"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Ninaivellam Nee]]''
| 1825
|"Ponne Ponne"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Ilaiyavan]]''
| 1826
|"En Idhayam"
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Palayathu Amman]]''
| 1827
|"Aadi Vanthen"
| rowspan="3" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 1828
|"Palayathamma Nee"
|
|
|-
!''[[Priyamaanavale]]''
| 1829
|"Aayulin Andhivarai"
|
|
|-
!''[[Thenali]]''
| 1830
|"Injerungo Injerungo"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Hamsalekha|''Naga Devathai'']]
| 1831
|"Murali Seviye"
| rowspan="4" |[[Hamsalekha]]
|
|
|-
| 1832
|"Oorai Kaakum Muthayi"
|
|
|-
| 1833
|"Naan Unnai Thozhundhen"
|
|
|-
| 1834
|"Oh Vandhe Pon Poove"
|
|
|-
!''[[Seenu (2000 film)|Seenu]]''
| 1835
|"Dey Nandakumara"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Devullu|Kuzhanthayum Deivamum]]''
| 1836
|"Senthamizh Thenmozhi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
|
|
|-
| 1837
|"Poo Mazhalil Paadum"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Vanna Thamizh Pattu]]''
| 1838
|"Enna Solli Paaduven"
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
| 1839
|"Nilavil Nee"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Snegithiye]]''
| 1840
|"Radhai Manathil"
| rowspan="3" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
| 1841
|"Kalluri Malare"
|
|
|-
| 1842
|"Devadhai Vamsam"
|
|
|-
![[Pottu Amman (film)|''Pottu Amman'']]
| 1843
|"Oyyara Mayil"
|S. D. Shanthakumar
|
|
|-
!''[[Manasu (film)|Manasu]]''
| 1844
|"Orumurai Irumurai"
| rowspan="5" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Manu Needhi]]''
| 1845
|"Engoorukku Mattum"
|
|
|-
| 1846
|"Mayilaadum Paarai"
|
|
|-
| 1847
|"Oru Roja"
|
|
|-
![[Deva (composer)|''Kaadhal Vandhiruchu'']]
| 1848
|"Pati Pati"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[K. S. Chithra|''Sri Sai Mahimai'']]
| 1849
|"Sai Deva Sai Deva"
| rowspan="2" |Adithya Paudwal
|
|
|-
| 1850
|"Sai Divya Roopam"
|
|
|-
![[Yuvaraju (2000 film)|''Sammatham Tharuvala'']]
| 1851
|"Manasellam Malligai"
|[[Ramana Gogula]]
|
|
|}

=== 2001 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Looty]]''
| 1852
|"One More Ketka"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Nageswari]]''
| 1853
|"Thullathe Thullathe"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Thaalikaatha Kaaliamman]]''
| 1854
|"Kanavil Patha"
| rowspan="2" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1855
|"Sun TV"
|
|
|-
!''[[Ninaikkatha Naalillai]]''
| 1856
|"Brahma Brahma"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Paarvai Ondre Podhume]]''
| 1857
|"Thirudiya Idhayathai"
|[[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Vinnukum Mannukum]]''
| 1858
|"Chambaruthi Poo"
| rowspan="2" |[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
| 1859
|"Unakenna"(Duet)
|
|
|-
!''[[Badri (2001 film)|Badri]]''
| 1860
|"Angel Vandhaaley"
|[[Ramana Gogula]]
|
|
|-
![[Little John (film)|''Little John'']]
| 1861
|"Baila Re Baila"
|[[Pravin Mani]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Seerivarum Kaalai]]''
| 1862
|"Re Re Rataikkili"(Female)
|[[Sirpy]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Sri Raja Rajeshwari]]''
| 1863
|"Chindala Karaiyil"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1864
|"Maruvathoor Om Sakthi"
|
|
|-
!''[[En Iniya Pon Nilavae]]''
| 1865
|"Sillendra Malare"
|[[M. S. Viswanathan|MSV]], [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Sonnal Thaan Kaadhala]]''
| 1866
|"Sonnalthaan"(Duet)
|[[T. Rajendar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Dosth (2001 Tamil film)|Dosth]]''
| 1867
|"Rendu Angula Roja"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Dhill]]''
| 1868
|"Oh Nanbane"
| rowspan="2" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Alli Thandha Vaanam]]''
| 1869
|"Thom Thom"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Veettoda Mappillai]]''
| 1870
|"Pombalai Enna Ambalai"
| rowspan="3" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
| 1871
|"Mannukketha Machane"
|
|
|-
| 1872
|"Vaada Malare Vaada"
|
|
|-
!''[[Pandavar Bhoomi]]''
| 1873
|"Kaviyan Kaviyan Bharathi"
|[[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Mitta Miraasu]]''
| 1874
|"Adiye"
|Asalam Mustafa
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Aśoka (film)|''Samrat Asoka'']]
| 1875
|"San Sanana Sana"
| rowspan="3" |[[Anu Malik]]
|
|
|-
| 1876
|"Thaankuma Kanakkalin"(Female)
|
|
|-
| 1877
|"Thaankuma Kanakkalin"(Duet)
|
|
|-
!''[[Paarthale Paravasam]]''
| 1878
|"Nee Thaan En Desiya Geetham"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Kottai Mariamman]]''
| 1879
|"Sri Ranganatharukku"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
![[D. Imman|''Kaadhale Swasam'']]
| 1880
|"Sokude Kaadhal Sokude"
|[[D. Imman]]
|
|[[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
|}

=== 2002 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Alli Arjuna]]''
| 1881
| "Shingu Lingu"
| A. R. Rahman
| Vairamuthu
|
|-
! ''[[Grama Devathe]]''
| 1882
| "Karamugide"
| [[Dhina]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|''[[Kamarasu]]''
| 1883
| "Chinna Chinna"
| rowspan="2"|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|Muthulingham
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
| 1884
| "Paathi Nila"
| [[Muhammed Metha]]
| S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
! ''[[Style (2002 film)|Style]]''
| 1885
|"Kadhalithal Anandham"
| rowspan="2"| [[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]]
|
|
|-
! ''[[Mutham]]''
| 1886
| "Orampo Orampo"
|
| [[Harish Raghavendra]]
|-
! rowspan="2"| ''[[Padai Veetu Amman]]''
| 1887
| "Pathu Ooraiyum"
| rowspan="3"|S. A. Rajkumar
|
|-
| 1888
| "Udukkai Piranthathu"
|
| Keerthi
|-
! ''[[Namma Veetu Kalyanam]]''
| 1889
| "Minnuthu Minnuthu"
| [[Thamarai]]
| S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
! ''[[Maaran (2002 film)|Maaran]]''
| 1890
| "Felomina Ni Enthan"
| Deva
| P. Vijay
| S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Mathangi
|-
! rowspan="2"|''[[Sri Bannari Amman]]''
| 1891
|"Thalattu Kettathillai"
| rowspan="2"| [[T. Rajendar]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Vijaya T. Rajendar]]
|[[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
| 1892
| "Vandhidu Vandhidu"
|
|-
! ''[[Varushamellam Vasantham]]''
| 1893
| "Naan Ready"
| [[Sirpy]]
|Manavai Ponmanikkam
| Krishnaraj
|-
! ''University''
| 1894
| "Kathalai Valarthai"
| [[Ramesh Vinayagam]]
| Vairamuthu
| Ramesh Vinayagam
|-
! ''[[Ezhumalai]]''
| 1895
| "Ella Malaiyilum"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| Vaali
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Thenkasi Pattanam]]''
| 1896
| "Konjam Thenkasi"
| [[Suresh Peters]]
|
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
! ''[[Raja (2002 film)|Raja]]''
| 1897
| "Karisai Kaattu"
| colspan="2"| S. A. Rajkumar
| Manikka Vinayagam
|-
![[Shree (2002 film)|''Shree'']]
| 1898
|"Vasantha Sena"
|TS Muralidharan
|
|[[Harish Raghavendra]]
|-
! ''[[Arputham]]''
| 1899
| "Nee Malaraa Malaraa"
| Shiva
|
| Unni Krishnan
|-
!''[[Jaya (film)|Jaya]]''
| 1900
|"Nilavea Nilavea"
|[[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]]
|
|
|}

=== 2003 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Aasai Aasaiyai]]''
| 1901
| "Theeppori Pondrathu"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
|
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
!''[[Student Number 1]]''
| 1902
|"Vizhamale Irukka Mudiyuma"
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
| [[S. P. B. Charan]], K. S. Chithra
|-
!''[[Magic Magic 3D]]''
| 1903
| "Kanne Chella"
| [[Sharreth|Shareeth]]
|
| S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
!''[[Kadhal Sadugudu]]''
| 1904
| "Ramshikku Ramshikku"
| Deva
| Vairamuthu
|[[Harish Raghavendra]]
|-
!''[[Alaudin]]''
| 1905
| "Yaaro Yaaravan"
| Mani Sharma
| [[Yugabharathi]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Priyamaana Thozhi]]''
| 1906
| "Kattre Poongattre"
| rowspan="2" | S. A. Rajkumar
| rowspan="2" | Kalaikumar
|
|-
| 1907
|"Kattre Poongattre"(Bit)
|
|-
![[Priyamaina Neeku|''Kadhal Sugamanathu'']]
| 1908
|"Sollathan Ninaikiren"
|Shiva Shankar
|Viveka
|
|-
!''[[Lesa Lesa]]''
| 1909
| "Ennai Polave"
| rowspan="2" |[[Harris Jayaraj]]
| Vaali
|[[Suchitra]]
|-
!''[[Saamy]]''
| 1910
| "Idhuthaanaa"
| Thamarai
|
|-
!''[[Inidhu Inidhu Kadhal Inidhu]]''
| 1911
| "Siragulla"
| Devi Sri Prasad
| Vairamuthu
| S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
![[Parthiban Kanavu (2003 film)|''Parthiban Kanavu'']]
| 1912
|"Buck Buck Buck"
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|}

=== 2004 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Jai (2004 Tamil film)|Jai]]''
| 1913
|"Kanavu Kaanalam"
|rowspan="2"| [[Mani Sharma]]
|Ilakiyan
|[[Vijay Yesudas]]
|-
| 1914
|"Medhu Medhuvai"
|[[Thamarai]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!''[[Autograph (2004 film)|Autograph]]''
| 1915
|"[[Ovvoru Pookalume]]"
|[[Bharadwaj]]
|[[Pa. Vijay]]
|[[Bharadwaj]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Maanasthan]]''
| 1916
|"Katha Katha"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|[[P. Vijay]]
|
|-
| 1917
|"Raasa Raasa"
|Nandalala
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
!''[[Sullan]]''
| 1918
|"Kavidhai Iravu"
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[Yugabharathi]]
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
![[Swades|''Desam'']]
| 1919
|"Mazhai Mega Vanna"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], Srinivas Murthy
|-
!''[[Jai (2004 Telugu film)|Jairam]]''
| 1920
|"Kannin Maniye"
|[[Anup Rubens]]
|
|
|-
![[Sye (2004 film)|''Kazhugu'']]
| 1921
|"Nila Nila Nee Vaa"
|[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|
|[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|-
!''[[Swetha Naagu|Mathumathi]]''
| 1922
|"Thirumagal Kanavanin"
|[[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|
|
|-
|}

=== 2005 ===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Ulla Kadathal]]''
| 1923
|"Naana Ithu Naana"
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharadwaj]]
|[[Muhammed Metha]]
|
|-
!''[[Mannin Maindhan]]''
| 1924
|"Kannin Manipola"
|[[Karunanidhi]]
|Master Sathiya
|-
!''[[Mayavi]]''
| 1925
|"Mayavi"
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|[[P. Vijay]]
|[[Ranjith]], [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|-
!''[[Priyasakhi]]''
| 1926
|"Mudhal Mudhal"
|[[Bharadwaj]]
|[[P. Vijay]]
|-
!''[[Pesuvoma]]''
| 1927
|"Sonnal Puriyatha"
|Parris Sekar
|
|[[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
!''[[Englishkaran]]''
| 1928
|"Nanbanae Nanbanae"
|Deva
|[[P. Vijay]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Kaatrullavarai]]''
| 1929
|"Aanvaasamum Penvaasamum"
|rowspan="2"| [[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]]
|[[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]
|Karthik
|-
| 1930
|"Mazhaiyil Nanaindha"(Female)
|[[Yugabharathi]]
|
|-
!''[[Anbe Aaruyire (2005 film)|Anbe Aaruyire]]''
| 1931
|"Varugiraai"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|Vaali
|Hariharan
|-
![[S. A. Rajkumar|''Uyir Ullavarai'']]
| 1932
|"Nenja Nenja"(Female)
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Karpanai]]''
| 1933
|"Kannaney"
| rowspan="2" |Santhosh Jayaraj
|
|
|-
| 1934
|"Nenjil"
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!''[[Mazhai]]''
| 1935
|"Nee Varumbodhu"
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|[[Vairamuthu]]
|Kalpana, [[Raqueeb Alam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Vetrivel Sakthivel]]''
| 1936
|"En Chella"
|rowspan="2"| [[Srikanth Deva]]
|[[P. Vijay]]
|[[P. Jayachandran]]
|-
| 1937
|"Thangapadakathin"
|Vaali
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|}

=== 2006 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Aavani Thingal]]''
| 1938
|"Koottukkulle"
|R Shankar
|
|
|-
!''[[June R]]''
| 1939
|"Puthu Puthu"
|[[Sharreth]]
|[[P. Vijay]]
|[[Usha Uthup]]
|-
!''[[Madrasi]]''
| 1940
|"Yentha Ooro Yaro"
|[[D. Imman]]
|Palani Bharathi
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
!''[[Pasa Kiligal]]''
| 1941
|"Aruviyoda"
| rowspan="2" |[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Poi (film)|Poi]]''
| 1942
|"Enna Tholaithai"
|Kirithaya
|
|-
![[Manasu Palike Mouna Raagam|''Yen Indha Mounam'']]
| 1943
|"Raman Seethai"
|[[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]
|
|
|-
![[Deva (composer)|''Uyir Ezhuthu'']]
| 1944
|"Aadi Maasam"
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |''[[Sasanam]]''
| 1945
|"Pudhiya Kalai"
| rowspan="3" |Balabharathi
|
|
|-
| 1946
|"Poove Nee"
|
|
|-
| 1947
|"Vaazhkayil Vaasal"
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 2006|''Sathanai'']]
| 1948
|"A Aa E"
|Premkumar S
|
|[[Manikka Vinayagam]]
|-
!''[[Thoothukudi]]''
| 1949
|"Karuvappaiya"
|[[Pravin Mani]]
|
|[[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|}

=== 2007 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]''
| 1950
| "Rendu Maangai"
| rowspan="2"|A. R. Rahman
| rowspan="2"|Vairamuthu
| S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
| 1951
| "Orey Khana"
| A. R. Rahman
|-
!''[[Pasupathi c/o Rasakkapalayam]]''
| 1952
| "Uyir Thantha"
| Deva
| [[K. Selva Bharathy]]
|
|-
!''[[Chennai 600028]]''
| 1953
| "Yaaro"(Love)
| [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| Vaali
| S. P. Balasubramanyam
|-
!''[[Thee Nagar]]''
| 1954
|"Kadavul Ethukku"
|[[Jassie Gift]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Thirutham]]''
| 1955
|"Kadhal Kanmaniye"
|[[Pravin Mani]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Veeramum Eeramum]]''
| 1956
| "Maane Mayilazhage"
| Yugendran
|
|
|-
!''[[Puli Varudhu]]''
| 1957
| "Aasai Vachen"
| [[Srikanth Deva]]
| [[Na. Muthukumar]]
| Vijay Yesudas
|}

=== 2008 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Indiralohathil Na Azhagappan]]''
| 1958
|"Oom Apsara Namagha"
|[[Sabesh–Murali]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]''
| 1959
|"Idhayam Idam Mariyathe"
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
!''[[Sila Nerangalil]]''
| 1960
|"Thirudapatta Nilave"
|[[Srikanth Deva]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Velli Thirai]]''
| 1961
|"Kaanchi Paanai"
| rowspan="2" |[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|
|
|-
| 1962
|"Vizhiyilae"
|
|
|-
!''[[Thithikkum Ilamai]]''
| 1963
|"Nenjai Thodum Isaiye"
|K. Manish
|
|
|-
!''[[Kuselan]]''
| 1964
|"Om Zaarare"
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|
| [[Daler Mehndi]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
![[Nayagan (2008 film)|''Nayagan'']]
| 1965
|"Manimaniyaga"
|Mariya Manohar
|
|
|-
!''[[Ghatothkach]]''
| 1966
|"Kadhai Solgiraen"
|[[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]
|[[Na. Muthukumar]]
|
|-
!''[[Panchamirtham]]''
| 1967
|"Nadhikkarai Oram"
|[[Sundar C. Babu]]
|
|
|-
![[Gorintaku (2008 film)|''Marudhani'']]
| 1968
|"Enna Ethu Kolankal"
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|
|
|-
!''Irukkankudi''
| 1969
|"Vannam Sindum"
|Sudershan
|
|
|-
|}

=== 2009 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="2"| ''[[Yavarum Nalam]]''
| 1970
| "Kaatrilae Vaasame"
| rowspan="2"|[[Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy]]
| rowspan="2"|Thamarai
| rowspan="2"|[[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
| 1971
| "Kaatrilae Vaasame" (Remix)
|-
! ''[[Unnai Kann Theduthe]]''
| 1972
| "Kagetha Puveni"
| [[Sirpy]]
|
| Unni Menon
|-
![[Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja (film)|''Pazhassi Raja'']]
| 1973
|"Kundrathu"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
! ''[[Jaganmohini (2009 film)|Jaganmohini]]''
| 1974
| "Unnai Vittal"
|
|
|-
!''[[Pudhiya Payanam]]''
| 1975
|"Ulangal Pesum"
|Prasad Ganesh
|
|
|-
! ''[[Sirithal Rasipen]]''
| 1976
| "Enakulle Irupaval"
| Iniyavan
|
| Hariharan
|-
![[K. T. Kunjumon|''Kadhalukku Maranamillai'']]
| 1977
|"En Ithyam Thavitten"
|[[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]]
|
|
|}

=== 2010 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Thillalangadi]]''
| 1978
| "Sol Pechu"
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| Na. Muthukumar
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]], Yuvan Shankar Raja
|-
!''[[Pugaippadam]]''
| 1979
| "Idhu Kanavo"
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|
| rowspan="2"|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
! ''[[Naanayam]]''
| 1980
| "Naan Pogiren"
|[[James Vasanthan]]
| Thamarai
|-
! ''[[Goa (2010 film)|Goa]]''
| 1981
| "Vaalibaa Vaa Vaa"
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| Gangai Amaran
| Ilaiyaraaja, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
! ''[[Thunichal]]''
| 1982
| "Yezhu Vannamai"
| [[Premji Amaran]]
|
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
!''[[Kutti Pisasu]]''
| 1983
|"Ambadhu Kilo"
| rowspan="2" |[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|
|Krishnaraj
|-
! ''[[Pen Singam]]''
| 1984
| "Aaha Veenaiyil"
| M. Karunanidhi
| rowspan="2" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
! ''[[Kola Kolaya Mundhirika]]''
| 1985
| "Oru Varam"
|[[V. Selvaganesh|Selvaganesh]]
|Francis Kruba
|-
! ''[[Yathumaagi]]''
| 1986
| "Parthadum"
|[[James Vasanthan]]
|
| [[Vijay Yesudas]]
|-
! ''[[Unakkaga En Kadhal]]''
| 1987
| "Unakkaka En Kadhal"
| [[Sanjeev-Darshan]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Easan]]''
| 1988
|"Sugavaasi"
|[[James Vasanthan]]
|[[Yugabharathi]]
|[[Malgudi Subha]]
|-
!''[[Magizhchi]]''
| 1989
|"Selai Kattiya"
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|
|
|}

=== 2011 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!|''[[Seedan]]''
| 1990
| "Oru Naal Mattum"
| [[Dhina]]
| [[P. Vijay]]
|
|-
! ''[[180 (2011 Indian film)|Nootrenbadhu]]''
| 1991
| "Santhikkadha Kangalil"
| [[Sharreth]]
| Madhna Karky
| Unni Menon
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Sri Rama Rajyam]]''
| 1992
|"Ramayaname"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|
|-
| 1993
|"Devargal Thittikka"
|
|
|-
!''[[Sagakkal]]''
| 1994
|"Ithu Varaiyil"
|Thayarathnam
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|}

=== 2012 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Film
!No
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Writer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Medhai]]''
| 1995
|"Ungakitta Rendukannum"
| rowspan="2" |[[Dhina]]
|[[Yugabharathi]]
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
!''[[Dhina|Soozhnilai]]''
| 1996
|"Uyire Uyire"
|
|
|-
!''[[Sooriya Nagaram]]''
| 1997
|"Selladhe Jeevane"
|[[Ron Ethan Yohann]]
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!''[[Maalai Pozhudhin Mayakathilaey]]''
| 1998
|"Yen Uyirey"(Reprsie)
|[[Achu Rajamani|Achu]]
|
|
|}

=== 2013 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Film
!No
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Writer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
![[Masani (film)|''Masani'']]
| 1999
|"Uyire Raagam"
|S N Fazil
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |''[[Thirumathi Thamizh]]''
| 2000
|"Thamizh Thamizh"(Duet)
| rowspan="2" |[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| rowspan="2" |
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 2001
|"Thamizh Thamizh"(Female)
|
|}

=== 2014 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width="23%" | Film
! No
! scope="col" width="23%" | Song
! scope="col" width="20%" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width="16%" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width="18%" | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Amara Kaaviyam]]''
| 2002
| "Mounam Pesum"
| [[Ghibran]]
|
| Sowmya Mahadevan
|}

=== 2015 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width="23%" | Film
! No
! scope="col" width="23%" | Song
! scope="col" width="20%" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width="16%" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width="18%" | Co-artist(s)
|-
! [[O Kadhal Kanmani|''Oh Kadhal Kanmani'']]
| 2003
| "Malargal Ketten"
| [[A. R. Rahman]]
| Vairamuthu
| [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
!''[[Kanchana 2]]''
| 2004
|"Motta Paiyaa"
|[[S. Thaman]]
|
|[[Sooraj Santhosh]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Rudhramadevi (film)|''Rudhramadevi'']]
| 2005
|"Rajathi Raja"
| rowspan="2" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|Senthil, [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 2006
|"Anthapurathil"
|
|[[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
|-
!''[[Pallikoodam Pogamale]]''
| 2007
|"Nilavukku Vaanam"
|Samson Kottoor
|
|
|}

=== 2016 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Sethupathi (film)|Sethupathi]]''
| 2008
| "Konji Pesida Venaam"
| [[Nivas K. Prasanna]]
|Na.Muthukumar
| [[Sriram Parthasarathy]]
|-
! ''[[Pugazh (film)|Pugazh]]''
| 2009
| "Vizhigalil Vizhundhavalo"
| Vivek-Mervin
|
| Hariharan, Vivek Siva
|-
! ''[[Kodi (film)|Kodi]]''
| 2010
| "Ariraro"
| Santhosh Narayanan
| Vivek
|
|}

=== 2017 ===

=== 2018 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Amutha]]''
| 2011
| "Kanna Enthen"
| Arun Gopan
| G.Ra
|
|-
!''[[Diya (film)|Diya]]''
| 2012
| "Karuve"
| [[Sam CS]]
| Madha Karky
|
|-
!''[[Party (2019 film)|Party]]''
| 2013
| "Kodi Mangani"
| [[Premgi Amaren]]
| Gangai Amaran
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|}

=== 2019 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Film
! No
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Azhiyatha Kolangal 2]]''
| 2014
| "Iruvizhiyil Eerama"
| Aravind Siddhartha
| [[Vairamuthu]]
|
|-
!''[[Market Raja MBBS]]''
| 2015
|"Kanne Karuvizhiye"
|[[Simon K. King]]
|
|
|-
![[List of Tamil films of 2019|''Thiruttu Kalyanam'']]
| 2016
|"Kulamagalae Kulamagalae"
|Vaidhhy
|
|[[Harish Raghavendra]]
|-
|}

=== 2020 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Film
! No
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Kanni Raasi]]''
| 2017
|"Kannane"
|[[Vishal Chandrashekhar]]
|
|
|-
!''[[Oh Andha Naatkal]]''
| 2018
|"Ini Oru Thollayum"
|[[James Vasanthan]]
|[[Subramania Bharati]]
|
|-
! ''[[Walter (2020 film)|Walter]]''
| 2019
| "Yaarai Thedi"
| Dharma Prakash
|
|
|-
|}

=== 2021 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Film
! No
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''[[Annaatthe]]''
|2020
|"Yennuyire"(Female)
|[[D. Imman]]
|[[Thamarai]]
|
|-
! ''[[Marakkar: Lion of the Arabian Sea]]''
| 2021
| "Kannae Kunyaali"
| Ronnie Raphael
| R. P. Bala
|
|}

=== 2022 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Film
! No
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Varisu]]''
| 2022
| "Soul of Varisu"
| [[Thaman S]]
| [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
| Solo
|}

=== 2023 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Film
! No
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]''
| 2023
| "Veera Raja Veera"
| [[A. R. Rahman]]
| Ilango Krishnan
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|}

=== 2024 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Film
! No
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Guardian (2024 film)|Guardian]]''
| 2024
| "Guardian - Theme Song"
| [[Sam C. S.]]
|
|
|-
!''[[J Baby]]''
| 2025
|"Yaar Padalai"
|Tony Britto
|[[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
|
|-
!''[[Mazaiyil Nanaigiren]]''
|2026
|"Kaalam Irukkum Varai"
|Vishnu Prasad
|Lalithanand
|Vishnu Prasad
|}

=== 2025 ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Film
! No
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Trauma (2025 film)|Trauma]]''
| 2027
| "Thaalilo"
| R. S. Rajprathap
| Magesh Balakrishnan
| R. S. Rajprathap
|-
! ''[[The Door (2025 film)|The Door]]''
| 2028
| "Ennuyire Ennuyire"
| [[Varun Unni]]
| Ilango Krishnan
|
|-
! ''[[DNA (2025 film)|DNA]]''
| 2029
| "Vaa En Uyir Poove"
| Sathyaprakash
| Uma Devi
| Sathyaprakash
|-
! ''[[Angammal]]''
| 2030
| "Chendipoova"
| [[Mohammed Maqbool Mansoor]]
| Muthamil
|
|-
|}

== Non-film songs ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Year
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Album
! scope="col" style="width:13%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Notes
|-
|rowspan="3" |1997
!rowspan="3" |Anbe....India
|"Paara Ushar"
|rowspan="3" |[[Biddu]]
|rowspan="2" |Pirai Sudan
|rowspan="2" |Solo
|Tamil Version of [[Disco Deewane]] by Pakistani Pop Singer [[Nazia Hasan]]
|-
|"Paarthal Kaangal"
|rowspan="2" |Tamil Version of "Aisa Hota Hai"
|-
|"Paarthal Kaangal" (Dialogue Version)
|Pirai Sudan, [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Sagarika]]
|[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Sagarika]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2003
!rowspan="2"|India Today, Vol. 2: Bollywood & Koliwood Film Songs
|"Ada Kungama Poo"
| rowspan="2"| Tony Tape
|rowspan="2"|Veilumuth Chitralekha
|rowspan="2"|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|featured in ''[[Far Cry 4]]''
|-
|"Katti Kalandal"
|featured in ''[[Just Dance 2]]'' and ''Far Cry 4''
|}

== Television ==
=== TV series title songs ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Year
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Series
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
|-
|1998
|''Nimmadhi Ungal Choice'' – Part 1
|"Nimmadhi Nimmadhi"
|Chandrabose
|Vairamuthu
|S. P. B.
|-
|1998
|''Akshaya''
|"Oru Manathai"
|
|
|
|-
| 2001
|''Kavyanjali''
|"Paasathil Irandu"
|Aravind Siddhartha
|
|
|-
|2002
|[[Nagamma (TV series)|''Nagamma'']]
|"Punnamilona Vennela Vana"
|Dhina
|
|
|-
|2002
|''[[Annamalai (2002 TV series)|Annamalai]]''
|"Uyirgal Pirandhadhu"
|Dhina
|
|[[KK (singer)|KK]]
|-
|2003
|''[[Anandham (TV series)|Anandham]]''
|"Anandham"
|Bharathwaj
|
|
|-
|2005
|''Selvi''
|"Selvi"
|Dhina
|
|
|-
|2005
|''Nimmathi''
|"Nimmadhi O Nimmadhi"
|Bharathwaj
|
|
|-
|2006
|''Anjali''
|
|
|
|-
|2006
|''Naanayam''
|"Naanayam"
|Bharathwaj
|
|
|-
|2007
|''Paasam''
|"Paasam"
|
|
|
|-
|2008
| Naanal
| "Nadhi Irundhal"
|Dhina
|
|
|-
|2008
|''Porandha Veeda Pugundha Veeda''
|"Porandha Veeda"
|Chandrabose
|
|
|-
|2009
|''Kalyanam''
|
|
|
|
|-
|2009
|''Thangamana Purushan''
|"Thangamana Purushan"
|Deva
|
|
|-
|2012
|''Pillai Nila''
|
|
|
|
|-
|2013
|[[Vani Rani (TV series)|Vani Rani]]
|"Enna Thavam Senjen Amma"
|C. Sathya
|
|
|-
|2020
|[[Kannana Kanne (TV series)|Kannana Kanne]]
|"Kannana Kanne"
|
|
|
|-
|2021
|[[Kayal (TV series)|Kayal]]
|"Kanne Kanne Kannin Maniye"
|
|
|
|-
|2022
|[[Anandha Ragam (TV series)|Anandha Ragam]]
|"Nenjikula Nooru Aasa"
|
|
|
|-
|2023
|Poova Thalaiya
|"Thaaippolave Mela Thalattuval"
|
|
|Namitha Babu
|-
|2024
|Malli
|"Sirithu Vaazha Vendum"
|
|
|
|}

== Private albums ==
* 2002 – "Senthamizh Naadenum" for [[Jaya TV]] (duet with [[Srinivas]])
* 2021 – "Thalaattu" for [[Vairamuthu]]'s ''Naatpadu Theral'' (along with [[P. Susheela]] and [[Harini (singer)|Harini]])

== Telugu songs ==
===1980s===
====1983====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Pallavi Anu Pallavi]]''
| "Kanulu Kanulu"
| [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| [[Rajasri (writer)|Rajasri]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|}

====1986====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''Karpoora Deepam''
| "Ye Mandaramlo"
| [[K. Chakravarthy]]
| [[Veturi]]
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|}

====1988====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="3"| ''[[Aakhari Poratam]]''
| "Abba Deenisoku"
| rowspan="3"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Veturi Sundara Ramamurhty]]
| rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Eppudu Eppudu"
|-
| "Gundelo Thakita"
| [[Jonnavittula]]
|}

=== 2000s ===
====2000====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="4"|''[[Kodanda Ramudu]]''
| "Mounika Mounika"
| rowspan="4"|[[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
| rowspan="4"|[[Veturi]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
| "Manipuri Nadakalatho"
|-
| "Kodanda Ramayyaku"
| [[M. G. Sreekumar]]
|-
| "Ee Lahiri Pade"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''[[Annayya (2000 film)|Annayya]]''
| "Baava Chandamaamalu"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Jonnavittula]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. P. B. Charan]], Teja
|-
! rowspan="3"|''[[Postman (2000 film)|Postman]]''
| "Lahiri Lahiri"
|rowspan="3"| [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
|[[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Rajahamsa Cheera"
|rowspan="2"|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| "Kuku Kokilamma"
|Guru Charan
|-
!rowspan="5"|''[[Vamsoddharakudu]]''
| "Kondapalli Bomma"
|rowspan="5"|[[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| Ghantadi Krishna
|rowspan="4"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Andala Prayam"
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|-
| "Gudi Gantalu"
| [[M. S. Reddy]]
|-
| "Nee Choopu Bhale"
| [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
|-
| "Budi Budi Chinukula"
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| Ramu
|-
! ''[[Kalisundam Raa]]''
| "Manasu Manasu"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[Veturi]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Kshemamga Velli Labhamga Randi]]''
| "Adavallamandi Memu"
| [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
! ''[[Hands Up (2000 film)|Hands Up]]''
| "Lahiri Lahiri"
| [[Sashi Preetam]]
| [[Veturi]]
| [[Sowmya Raoh]]
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Chala Bagundi]]''
| "Daayamma Daayi"
|rowspan="3"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| Samaveda Shanmuga Sharma
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Daaham Daaha"
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
|-
| "Eai Rukkamma Chukkamma"
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Ravanna (film)|Ravanna]]''
| "Nuvvante Chala Ishtam"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Okey Oka Aasha"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Nuvvu Vasthavani]]''
| "Komma Komma"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| ES Murthy
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Paatala Pallakivai"
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Yuvaraju (2000 film)|Yuvaraju]]''
| "Tholivalape"
|rowspan="3"| [[Ramana Gogula]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Veturi]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Nanditha (singer)|Nanditha]]
|-
| "Haira Haira Debba"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Gunthalakkadi"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Manoharam (2000 film)|Manoharam]]''
| "Sari Sari Natanala"
|rowspan="4"| [[Mani Sharma]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Veturi]]
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
| "Puchha Puvvula"
| [[Parthu|Parthasarathy]]
|-
| "Guppedu Gundala"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Bharatha Maatha"
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Maa Pelliki Randi]]''
| "Nee Kosam"
|rowspan="4"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Veturi]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Nuvve Naaku"
|-
| "Hello Chalaki"
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| "Mama Chandamama"
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Goppinti Alludu]]''
| "Muddoche Gopala"
|rowspan="3"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| Surendra Krishna
|
|-
| "Premisthe Entho Great"
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| [[Devan Ekambaram|Devan]]
|-
| "Vachestundo Chestundo"
| [[Bhaskarabhatla]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Pelli Sambandham]]''
| "Thalapaaga Nethina"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Kauravudu]]''
| "Ku Ku Ku"
|rowspan="2"| [[Mani Sharma]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Chintapalli Ramana]]
|
|-
| "Amma Padani"
|
|-
! ''[[Manasunna Maaraju]]''
| "Maaghamasam"
| [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Moodu Mukkalaata]]''
| "Palakova"
|rowspan="3"| [[M. M. Srilekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Veturi]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Vaana Kanyaka"
|-
| "Raashi Chooste"
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Ninne Premistha]]''
| "Prema Endukani"
|rowspan="4"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|E. S. Murthy
|rowspan="2"|[[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Gudi Gantalu"
| Ghantadi Krishna
|-
| "Koila Paata"
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Oka Devata"
| [[Venigalla Rambabu]]
| [[Parthu|Parthasarathy]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Rayalaseema Ramanna Chowdary]]''
| "Buchimallu Buchimallu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Mani Sharma]]
|[[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
|[[Sukhwinder Singh]]
|-
| "Chamaku Chamaku"
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Azad (2000 film)|Azad]]''
| "Chemma Chakka"
|rowspan="3"| [[Mani Sharma]]
|[[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
| "Sudigaalilo"
|rowspan="2"| [[Veturi]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Hai Hai Naayaka"
| [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
|-
! ''[[Vamsi (film)|Vamsi]]''
| "Veyinchukunte Baaguntadi"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Nuvve Kavali]]''
| "Anaganaga Aakasam"
|rowspan="2"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[P. Jayachandran]]
|-
| "Kallaloki Kallu Petti"
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Devullu]]''
| "Nee Prema Kore"
|rowspan="2"| [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Jonnavittula]]
|[[Swarnalatha]]
|-
| "Shanti Niketana"
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Chirunavvutho]]''
| "Kanulu Kalisaaye"
|rowspan="2"| [[Mani Sharma]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Sonare Sonare"
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Maa Annayya]]''
| "Maina Emainaave"
|rowspan="3"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="3| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
| "Maa Logililo Pandedantha"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[Unni Menon]]
|-
| "Thaajaga Maa Intlo"
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Sakutumba Saparivaara Sametam]]''
| "Puttinti Thulasiga"
|rowspan="4"| [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
|rowspan="4"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Ollanta Thullinta"
|-
| "Manasanta Manasupadi"
|-
| "Andachandala Chandamama"
|-
! ''[[Tirumala Tirupati Venkatesa]]''
| "Nadumu Ompulo"
| [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| Sankarambadi Sundarachari
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
|}

====2001====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Mrugaraju]]''
| "Hungama Hungama"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Kulasekhar]]
| [[Raghu Kunche]]
|-
! ''[[Devi Putrudu]]''
| "Akasamloni"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Jonnavittula]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Navvuthu Bathakalira]]''
| "Konaseema Kurradaniro"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Suri (2000 film)|Suri]]''
| "Yemaayindo"
| [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| [[Vennelakanti]]
|
|-
! ''[[Priyamaina Neeku]]''
| "Manasuna"
| Shivasankar
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
|
|-
! ''[[Murari (2001 film)|Murari]]''
| "Cheppamma Cheppamma"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
! ''[[Deevinchandi]]''
| "Paruvala Pavurama"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[Kulasekhar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! rowspan="2"|''[[Eduruleni Manishi (2001 film)|Eduruleni Manishi]]''
| "Enadaina Anukunnana"
| rowspan="2"|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Manasannadhi Annadhi"
| Pothula Ravi Kiran
|-
! rowspan="7"|''[[Preminchu]]''
| "24 Carat Golden Babu"
| rowspan="7"|[[M. M. Srilekha]]
| rowspan="7"|[[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| rowspan="7"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Hai Amma"
|-
| "Kantene Amma"
|-
| "Maa Gundelalo"
|-
| "Nooru Kotla"
|-
| "Swagatham Yuva Premikulaku"
|-
| "Tholisari Ninu Choosi"
|-
! ''[[Ammayi Kosam]]''
| "B. A.lu Chadivina"
| [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| [[Samavedam Shanmukha Sarma]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Vandemataram Srinivas
|-
! ''[[Ninnu Choodalani]]''
| "Oopirochina Bapu Bomma"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Bava Nachadu]]''
| "Chandamama Chandamama"
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Udit Narayan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Bhalevadivi Basu]]''
| "Ayyare Ayyare"
|rowspan="2"| [[Mani Sharma]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Bava Bava"
| [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Kalisi Naduddam]]''
| "Atu Itu Chudake"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Yenati Sarasami"
|
|-
! ''[[Tholi Valapu]]''
| "Paalato Kadigina"
| [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
! ''[[Akasa Veedhilo]]''
| "Yem Strokichavu Guru"
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Naalo Unna Prema]]''
| "Gopala Krishnudamma"
|rowspan="4"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "O Naa Priyathama"
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| "Manasa O Manasa"
|
|-
| "Veeche Chirugaali"
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Nuvvu Naaku Nachav]]''
| "Naa Choope Ninu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| Sriram Prabhu
|-
| "Okkasari Cheppaleva"
| [[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Adhipathi]]''
| "Puvvulanagadu"
|rowspan="4"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Kadapalo Kannesa"
|-
| "Aasa Padutunnadi"
| [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
|-
| "Abbabba Tuntari Gaali"
| [[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
! ''[[Chiranjeevulu (2001 film)|Chiranjeevulu]]''
| "Anuragam Anubandham"
| A. B. Murali
| Siva Ganesh
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Chirujallu]]''
| "Radhe Radhe"
| [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Vishala
|-
| "Bhoodevi Bugga"
| [[Veturi]]
| Vandemataram Srinivas
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Student No: 1]]''
| "Paddanandi Premalo"
|rowspan="3"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Yemetti Chesaado"
|-
| "Kaastha Ninnu"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Anandam]]''
| "Evuraina Epudaina"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Daddy (2001 film)|Daddy]]''
| "Naa Pranamaa"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Vaana Vaana"
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
|-
! ''[[Manasantha Nuvve]]''
| "Kita Kita Thalupulu"
| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Veedekkadi Mogudandi!]]''
| "Paalu Ready"
|rowspan="2"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Thaluku Thaluku"
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Jabili]]''
| "Ganga Yamuna Godari"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| [[KK (singer)|KK]]
|-
| "Chiguraku Evaro"
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Paarthale Paravasam|Paravasam]]''
| "Neevena Jaatheeya"
| [[A. R. Rahman]]
| A. M. Rathnam
| Balaram
|-
! ''[[Bhadrachalam (film)|Bhadrachalam]]''
| "Okate Jananam"
| [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Hanuman Junction (film)|Hanuman Junction]]''
| "Konaseemallo O Koila"
|rowspan="2"| [[Suresh Peters]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Veturi]]
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
| "Golmaal Golmaal"
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
! ''[[Darling Darling (2001 film)|Darling Darling]]''
| "Nari Nari"
| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Ishtam (2001 Telugu film)|Ishtam]]''
| "Nuvvante Ishtamani"
|rowspan="3"| DJ Gopinath
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Evaraina Chusara"
|-
| "Chiru Chiru Nagavula"
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
|
|-
|}

====2002====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Seema Simham]]''
| "Rendu Jalla Paapa"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
! ''[[Priya Nestama]]''
| "Komma Meedha"
| [[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Nee Premakai]]''
| "Vendi Mabbula"
|rowspan="3"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "O Prema Swagatham"
|-
| "Mandakini Mandakini"
|-
! ''[[Aadi (2002 film)|Aadi]]''
| "Tholi Pilupey"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Vasu (film)|Vasu]]''
| "Nammave Ammayi"
|rowspan="2"| [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Harish Raghavendra]]
|-
| "Vaale Vaale Poddula"
| Potula Ravikiran
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Lahiri Lahiri Lahirilo]]''
| "Kallaloki Kallu Petti"
|rowspan="4"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Ohoho Chilakamma"
|-
| "Kilmire"
| [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
|-
| "Manthramedho"
| [[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Tappu Chesi Pappu Koodu]]''
| "Brundavanamali"
|rowspan="2"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| [[Jonnavittula]]
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| "Vaana Kodtandi"
| Guru Charan
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''[[Neetho (2002 film)|Neetho]]''
| "Pannendintiki"
| [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Vijay Yesudas]]
|-
! ''[[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]''
| "Radhe Govinda"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''[[Sontham (2002 film)|Sontham]]''
| "Thelusuna"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
! ''[[Holi (2002 film)|Holi]]''
| "Priyathama"
| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
| [[Kulasekhar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Okato Number Kurraadu]]''
| "Orey Nuvvu"
|rowspan="3"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| [[S. P. B. Charan]]
|-
| "Nemali Kannoda"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Enni Janmalettinaa"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Chennakesava Reddy]]''
| "Bakara Bakara"
|rowspan="2"| [[Manisharma]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Telupu Telupu"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Nuvve.. Nuvve...]]''
| "Nuvve Nuvve Kavalantundi"
| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Pilisthe Palukutha]]''
| "Rotte Kavalante"
|rowspan="3"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Kulasekhar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
| "Bujjulu Bujjulu"
|-
| "Manasa Ottu"
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
! ''[[Khadgam]]''
| "Aha Allari"
|rowspan="3"| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| Raqueeb Alam
|-
! ''[[Thotti Gang]]''
| "Vechhani Vechhani Deham"
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Manmadhudu]]''
| "Na Manasune"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|}

====2003====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Ee Abbai Chala Manchodu]]''
| "Oh Sari"
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Okkadu]]''
| "Hay Re Hai"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Juniors (film)|Juniors]]''
| "Hello Hello"
| [[Chakri (composer)|Chakri]]
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
! ''[[Vijayam]]''
| "Kusalamaa"
| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Raghavendra (film)|Raghavendra]]''
| "Calcutta Pan Vesina"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
! ''[[Dil (2003 film)|Dil]]''
| "Peddaloddantunna"
| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
| Peddada Murthy
| Sri Ram
|-
! ''[[Palnati Brahmanayudu]]''
| "Bandarulo"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Veturi]]
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Ninne Ishtapaddanu]]''
| "Ku Ku Ku"
|rowspan="2'| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Emanatave O Manasa"
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Simhadri (2003 film)|Simhadri]]''
| "Chiraaku Anuko"
|rowspan="2'| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[S. P. B. Charan]]
|-
| "Nuvvu Whistlesthe"
| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Vasantam]]''
| "Gaali Chirugaali"
|rowspan="2'| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
| "O Jabili"
| [[Kulasekhar]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Praanam]]''
| "Snehama Swapnama"
|rowspan="2'| Kamalakar
| Sri Sai Harsha
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Vaataapi"
| E. S. Murthy
|
|-
! ''[[Dongodu]]''
| "Dum Dum Dum"
| [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| Valisha Babji
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Neeku Nenu Naaku Nuvvu]]''
| "Naa Chirunama"
|rowspan="3"| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Kulasekhar]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Premakanna Goppadinka"
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
| "Pellaade Teeralannaru"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Seetayya]]''
| "Bussekki Vastaavo"
|rowspan="2"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Ammathodu"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Tagore (film)|Tagore]]''
| "Chinnaga Chinnaga"
|rowspan="2"| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Gappu Chippu"
| [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Ela Cheppanu]]''
| "Ee Kshanam Oke Oka"
|rowspan="3"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
| "Prati Nijam"
|
|-
| "Manninchu O Prema"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Maa Alludu Very Good]]''
| "Mutyala Pallakilo"
|rowspan="2"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[S. P. B. Charan]]
|-
| "Nee Dumpatega"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''[[Tiger Harischandra Prasad]]''
| "Kadeddula"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[Jaladi Raja Rao]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|}

====2004====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]]''
| "Sinuku Ravvulo"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| Raqueeb Alam
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Malliswari (2004 film)|Malliswari]]''
| "Gundello Gulabilaa"
|rowspan="2"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
| "Cheli Soku"
| [[KK (singer)|KK]]
|-
! ''[[Jai (2004 Telugu film)|Jai]]''
| "Nee Kosame"
| [[Anup Rubens]]
| [[Kulasekhar]]
| [[Mallikarjun]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Nenunnanu]]''
| "Ee Shwasalo"
|rowspan="2"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
| "Ettago Unnadi"
| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Puttintiki Ra Chelli]]''
| "Chamanthi Poobanthi"
|rowspan="4"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="4"| Sai Sri Harsha
|
|-
| "Anuragam Chese"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|-
| "Seethakoka Chilaka"
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| "Anna Anna Puttintiki"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Dost (2004 film)|Dost]]''
| "Eppa Saara Kottaro"
|rowspan="2"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Hanumanta Rao
|-
| "Malli Malli"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Adavi Ramudu (2004 film)|Adavi Ramudu]]''
| "Jinka Veta"
|rowspan="2"| [[Mani Sharma]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Adugesthene"
| [[Malathy Lakshman]], [[Sangeetha Sajith]]
|-
! ''[[Samba (2004 film)|Samba]]''
| "Namaste Namaste"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Ammayi Bagundi]]''
| "Krishna Krishna"
|rowspan="2"| [[M. M. Srilekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Kulasekhar]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Paatala Pallakilo"
| Shivaji
|-
! ''[[Sri Anjaneyam]]''
| "Slokam"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| Traditional
| [[Kalpana Raghavendar|Kalpana]]
|-
! ''[[Donga Dongadi]]''
| "Vana Vana"
| [[Dhina]]
| [[Kulasekhar]]
|
|-
! ''[[Naa Autograph]]''
| "Mounamgane Yedagamani"
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Arjun (2004 film)|Arjun]]''
| "Oh Cheli"
|rowspan="2"| [[Mani Sharma]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Veturi]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
| "Dum Dumrea"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Siva Shankar]]''
| "Krishna Nuvvu Raaku"
| [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
! ''[[Sye (2004 film)|Sye]]''
| "Nalla Nallani Kalla"
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| Siva Shakti Datta
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|-
! ''[[Letha Manasulu (2004 film)|Letha Manasulu]]''
| "Thannana Thannaana"
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Anand (2004 film)|Anand]]''
| "Yamunatheeram"
|rowspan="2"| [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Veturi]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Yedalo Ganam"
|-
!rowspan="5"| ''[[Swarabhishekam]]''
| "Shriman Manohara"
|rowspan="5"| [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|rowspan="5"| [[Veturi]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sriram Parthasarathy]]
|-
| "Mangalam"
|-
| "Idi Naadani Adi Needani"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Nee Chenthe Oka"
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| "Ramavinodhi Vallabha"
| [[Madhu Balakrishnan]], Mano, Sriram Parthasarathy
|-
! ''[[Sakhiya]]''
| "O Chandrama"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| Sahiti
| [[Mallikarjun]]
|-
! ''[[Leela Mahal Centre]]''
| "Sirimalle Puvvalle"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Vijayendra Varma]]''
| "Siggu Paaparo"
|rowspan="3"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
| "Maisamma Maisamma"
| [[Veturi]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Mandapetalo"
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
|}

====2005====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Naa Alludu]]''
| "Nadumu Choosthe"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Veturi]]
| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Sankranti (film)|Sankranti]]''
| "Ade Pade"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| Pothula Ravikiran
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
| "Doli Doli"
| E. S. Murthy
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Kalpana Raghavendar|Kalpana]], S. A. Rajkumar
|-
! ''[[Aunanna Kadanna]]''
| "Suvvi Suvvi"
| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
| [[Kulasekhar]]
| [[Mallikarjun]]
|-
! ''[[Subash Chandra Bose (film)|Subash Chandra Bose]]''
| "Abraka Dabra"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Athanokkade]]''
| "Gundelalo"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| Sai Sri Harsha
| [[Mallikarjun]]
|-
! ''[[Bhadra (2005 film)|Bhadra]]''
| "Sa Sa Sye"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Narasimhudu]]''
| "Singu Singu"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Jagapati]]''
| "Cheera Kattu Vayasu"
|rowspan="3"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
| "Chandamamaki Kaluva"
|-
| "Choose Koddi Ninne"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Kanchanamala Cable TV]]''
| "O Neelaveni"
| [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]
| [[Veturi]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Athadu]]''
| "Neetho Cheppana"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Andhrudu]]''
| "Pranamlo Pranamga"
| [[Kalyani Malik]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
|
|-
! ''[[Mogudu Pellam O Dongodu]]''
| "Chilipi Alaka"
| Kabuli
| Peddada Murthy
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Allari Bullodu]]''
| "Dashukunte Dhanadhan"
|rowspan="2"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|-
| "Trisha Achata Ichata"
| M. M. Keeravani
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Chatrapathi (2005 film)|Chatrapathi]]''
| "Nallanivanni"
|rowspan="2"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| [[Veturi]]
|
|-
| "Gala Gala Gala"
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Jassie Gift]], Neerippal
|-
! ''[[Allari Pidugu]]''
| "Dikki Dikki"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Bhaskarabhatla]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Modati Cinema]]''
| "Urime Megham"
| Swaraj
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Mahanandi (film)|Mahanandi]]''
| "Yemainaa"
|rowspan="3"| Kamalakar
| Bandaru Danayya Kavi
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Naa Panchapraanalu"
| Gurucharan
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Etu Choosthe Atu Nuvve"
| Velpula Venkatesh
|
|-
! ''[[Jai Chiranjeeva]]''
| "Ko Ko Kodi"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
|}

====2006====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Shock (2006 film)|Shock]]''
| "Madhuram Madhuram"
| [[Ajay-Atul]]
| [[Veturi]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Rajababu (film)|Rajababu]]''
| "Prema O Tholiprema"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| Pothula Ravikiran
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Sri Ramadasu]]''
| "Charanamulane"
|rowspan="4"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="3"| Ramadasu Keerthana
| [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
| "Paluke Bangaramayena"
| M. M. Keeravani
|-
| "Bhadra Shaila"
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Dhasaradhi"
| Vedavyas
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[10th Class]]''
| "Kannulu Rendu"
| [[Mickey J Meyer]]
| [[Kulasekhar]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Pournami (film)|Pournami]]''
| "Yevaro Choodali"
|rowspan="4"| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
| "Yevaro Raavali"
| [[Sagar (singer)|Sagar]]
|-
| "Bharatha Vedamuga"
|
|-
| "Muvvala Navvakala"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Sarada Saradaga]]''
| "Rajasa Munna Ranganayaka"
| [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Veerabhadra (film)|Veerabhadra]]''
| "Abbabba"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Bhaskarabhatla]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Evandoi Srivaru]]''
| "Adiga Brahmani"
| [[Srikanth Deva]]
| [[Kulasekhar]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Godavari (2006 film)|Godavari]]''
| "Manasa Vaacha"
|rowspan="2"| [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Veturi]]
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
| "Manasa Gelupu"
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]], K. M. Radha Krishnan
|-
! ''[[Sri Krishna 2006]]''
| "Nagumomu"
| [[M. M. Srilekha]]
| [[Siva Shakthi Datta]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Vikramarkudu]]''
| "College Paapala"
|rowspan="2"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Jonnavittula]]
| [[Jassie Gift]]
|-
| "Dammare Damma"
| Viji, [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
! ''[[Astram (film)|Astram]]''
| "Undipo Nestamaa"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Ashok (film)|Ashok]]''
| "Nuvvasalu Nachale"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Bhaskarabhatla]]
| [[Jassie Gift]]
|-
! ''[[Andala Ramudu (2006 film)|Andala Ramudu]]''
| "Chinni Chinni"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| E. S. Murthy
|
|-
! ''[[Indian Beauty]]''
| "Priyathama"
| Joy Kelvin
| [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| Priyasri
|-
! ''[[Raraju (2006 film)|Raraju]]''
| "Bangaru Chilaka"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
! ''[[Samanyudu]]''
| "Maghuva Premalo"
| [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| Kaluva Krishna Sai
| Naveen, Sriramprabhu
|-
! ''[[Sainikudu]]''
| "Aadapilla Aggipulla"
| [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| [[Veturi]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Khatarnak (2006 film)|Khatarnak]]''
| "Doma Kudithe"
|rowspan="2"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
| "Vestaavaa"
| [[Siva Shakthi Datta]]
|-
! ''[[Annavaram (film)|Annavaram]]''
| "Aa Devudu Naakosam"
| [[Ramana Gogula]]
| [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| Ramana Gogula
|-
! ''[[Poi (film)|Abaddham]]''
| "Jaaripoyina"
| [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| [[Veturi]]
|
|-
|}

====2007====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Madhumasam]]''
| "Oohale"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| Peddada Murthy
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Evadaithe Nakenti]]''
| "Yedho"
| Chinna
| Peddada Murthy
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Athili Sattibabu LKG]]''
| "Amruthavarshamlaa"
| Sri Krishna
| [[Jonnavittula]]
| [[Harish Raghavendra]]
|-
! ''[[Aata (2007 film)|Aata]]''
| "Hoynaa"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Shankar Dada Zindabad]]''
| "Chandamama"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Bhaskarabhatla]]
| Venugopal
|-
! ''[[Tulasi (2007 film)|Tulasi]]''
| "Nee Kallathoti"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Bhaskarabhatla]]
| [[Sagar (singer)|Sagar]]
|-
|}

====2008====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Okka Magaadu]]''
| "Pattuko Pattuko"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Swagatam]]''
| "Manasa Mounama"
| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
| [[Veturi]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Mr. Medhavi]]''
| "Kallu Kallatho"
| [[Chakri (composer)|Chakri]]
| [[Kandikonda]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Vaana (film)|Vaana]]''
| "Sirimalle Vaana"
|rowspan="2"| Kamalakar
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
|-
| "Yeduta Nilichindi"
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Sundarakanda (2008 film)|Sundarakanda]]''
| "Okato Yeta Rendo"
|rowspan="2"| [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
| "Kalagantini"
|
|-
! ''[[Nee Sukhame Ne Koruthunna]]''
| "Yemito Idhi"
| [[Madhavapeddi Suresh]]
| [[Vennelakanti]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Bhale Dongalu (2008 film)|Bhale Dongalu]]''
| "Manasulo Nuvvena"
|rowspan="2"| [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Pasandaina Vela"
| [[Vennelakanti]]
|
|-
! ''[[Kantri]]''
| "Ammaho"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Pandurangadu]]''
| "Premavalambanam"
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| Sri Vedavyas
| [[Vijay Yesudas]]
|-
! ''[[Brahmanandam Drama Company]]''
| "Yendhuko"
| [[Sai Karthik]]
| [[Vennelakanti]]
| [[S. P. B. Charan]]
|-
! ''[[Kathanayakudu (2008 film)|Kathanayakudu]]''
| "Om Zaraare"
| [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| [[Anantha Sreeram]]
| [[Daler Mehndi]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
! ''[[Baladoor]]''
| "Gundello Illundhi"
| [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[N. C. Karunya]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Adivishnu]]''
| "Edu Rangula Harivillu"
|rowspan="2"| [[M. M. Srilekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
| "Ee Pani Chestunna"
| Murali
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Gorintaku (2008 film)|Gorintaku]]''
| "Anna Chellela"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Yeradilo Koila"
|
|-
! ''[[Avakai Biryani]]''
| "Nadiche Yedu Adugullo"
| [[Manikanth Kadri]]
| [[Vennelakanti]]
| [[Naresh Iyer]]
|-
! ''[[Ekaloveyudu]]''
| "Komma Kommaku"
| Anil Krishna
| [[Vennelakanti]]
|
|-
! ''[[Vinayakudu (film)|Vinayakudu]]''
| "Saradaga Ee Samayam"
| Sam Prasan
| [[Vanamali]]
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
|}

====2009====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Sasirekha Parinayam (film)|Sasirekha Parinayam]]''
| "Ninne Ninne"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
! ''[[Arundhati (2009 film)|Arundhati]]''
| "Bhu Bhu Bhujangam"
| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| [[Veturi]]
|
|-
! ''[[Mestri (film)|Mestri]]''
| "Anaganagaa"
| [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| [[Veturi]]
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
! ''[[Malli Malli]]''
| "Maggada"
| [[S. Thaman]]
| [[Ananta Sriram]]
|
|-
! ''[[Punnami Naagu (2009 film)|Punnami Naagu]]''
| "Poojinche Punnami Naagu"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[Siva Shakthi Datta]]
|
|-
! ''[[Mitrudu]]''
| "Dont Touch Me"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Ananta Sriram]]
| [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
|-
! ''[[Kick (2009 film)|Kick]]''
| "Dhim Thana"
| [[S. Thaman]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| S. Thaman, [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
|-
!rowspan="6"| ''[[Kalavaramaye Madilo]]''
| "Kalavaramaye Madilo"
|rowspan="6"| [[Sharreth]]
|rowspan="6"| [[Vanamali]]
|
|-
| "Tholi Tholi Aasalenno"
|
|-
| "Neelo Anuvantha"
| [[Roshan Sebastian]]
|-
| "Kari Varadhuni"
| Sharreth
|-
| "Gurubrahma"
|
|-
| "Pallavinchani"
|
|-
! ''[[Kurradu]]''
| "Sarle Vadiley"
| [[Achu Rajamani]]
| [[Ananta Sriram]]
|
|-
|}

===2010s===
====2010====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Panchakshari]]''
| "Panchakshirike Kalyanam"
| Chinna
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
! ''[[Subhapradam (film)|Subhapradam]]''
| "Tappatloi Taalaloi"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
|
|-
! ''[[Puli (2010 film)|Puli]]''
| "Nammakame Iyyara"
| [[A. R. Rahman]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Madhushree]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
! rowspan="3"|''[[Collector Gari Bharya]]''
| "Sai Baba Karuninchu"
|rowspan="3"| Chinna
|rowspan="3"| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
| "Manasulona"
|
|-
| "Cheyi Cheyi"
|
|-
! ''[[Nagavalli (film)|Nagavalli]]''
| "Omkara"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
|
|-
! ''[[Ragada]]''
| "Ragada Ragada"
| [[S. Thaman]]
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| [[Baba Sehgal]], [[Rita Thyagarajan]]
|-
|}

====2011====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Mirapakay]]''
| "Silakaa"
| [[S. Thaman]]
| [[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar]]
| [[Rahul Nambiar]]
|-
! ''[[Aha Naa Pellanta! (2011 film)|Aha Naa Pellanta!]]''
| "Nuvve Nachhavu"
| [[Raghu Kunche]]
| Sira Sri
|
|-
! ''[[Kudirithe Kappu Coffee]]''
| "Andarlaaga"
| [[Rahul Raj]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
! ''[[Prema Kavali]]''
| "Nuvve Nuvve Naa"
| [[Anup Rubens]]
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| [[Vijay Prakash]]
|-
! ''[[180 (2011 Indian film)|180]]''
| "Ninna Leni"
| [[Sharreth]]
| [[Vanamali]]
| [[Anand Aravindakshan]], [[S. Sowmya]]
|-
! rowspan="2"| ''[[It's My Love Story]]''
| "Ninnala Lede"
| rowspan="2"| [[Sunil Kashyap]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| Dinakar
|-
| "Thadi Pedavule"
| [[N. C. Karunya]]
|-
! rowspan="2"| ''[[Sri Rama Rajyam]]''
| "Devulle Mechchindi"
| rowspan="2"| [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Jonnavittula Ramalingeswara Rao]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
| "Ramayanamu Sri Ramayanamu"
|-
! rowspan="2"| ''[[Kshetram (film)|Kshetram]]''
| "Dheera Dheera"
| rowspan="2"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| "Hey Kala"
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
|}

====2012====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Nippu]]''
| "Nena Ninnu"
| [[S. Thaman]]
| [[Vanamali]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Endukante Premanta]]''
| "Nee Choopule"
| [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| [[Haricharan]]
|-
! ''[[Tuneega Tuneega]]''
| "Tuneega Tuneega"
| [[Karthik Raja]]
| [[Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist)|Krishna Chaitanya]]
| [[MK Balaji]]
|-
! ''[[Damarukam]]''
| "Reppalapai"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
|}

====2013====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu]]''
| "Seethamma Vakitlo"
| [[Mickey J Meyer]]
| [[Ananta Sriram]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|''[[Pavitra (2013 film)|Pavitra]]''
| "Pavitra"
| rowspan="2"|[[M. M. Srilekha]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
|
|-
| "Sukumara Raara"
|
|-
|}

====2014====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Legend (2014 film)|Legend]]''
| "Nee Kanti Choopullo"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| [[Vijay Yesudas]]
|-
! rowspan="2"|''[[Avatharam (2014 Telugu film)|Avatharam]]''
| "Vevela Jejalive"
| rowspan="2"|Ghantadi Krishna
| rowspan="2"|Jonnavitthula
|
|-
| "Nalugu Dhikkula"
|
|-
! ''[[Mukunda]]''
| "Gopikamma"
| [[Mickey J Meyer]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
|}

====2015====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Malli Malli Idi Rani Roju]]''
| "Marhaba"
| [[Gopi Sundar]]
| Sahiti
| Aishwarya
|-
! rowspan="3"|''[[Rudhramadevi (film)|Rudhramadevi]]''
| "Matthagajame"
| rowspan="3"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Kailash Kher]]
|-
| "Choosukovo Teesukovo"
| [[Baba Sehgal]]
|-
| "Anthapuramlo Andala Chilaka"
| [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Chinmayi Sripaada]]
|-
|}

====2016====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Nenu Sailaja]]''
| "Ee Premaki"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
|
|-
! ''[[Savitri (2016 film)|Savitri]]''
| "Chitramainadi"
| Shravan
| [[Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist)|Krishna Chaitanya]]
| [[Saisharan|Sai Charan]]
|-
! ''[[Supreme (film)|Supreme]]''
| "Andam Hindolam (remix)"
| [[Sai Karthik]], [[Raj-Koti]]
| [[Veturi]]
| [[L. V. Revanth]]
|-
! ''[[A Aa]]''
| "Yaa Yaa"
| [[Mickey J Meyer]]
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]], Anjana Sowmya, Sai Shivani
|-
|}

====2017====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Sathamanam Bhavati]]''
| "Shatamanam Bhavati"
| [[Mickey J Meyer]]
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| [[Vijay Yesudas]]
|-
! ''[[Dwaraka (film)|Dwaraka]]''
| "Bhajare Nandagopala"
| [[Sai Karthik]]
| Sri Sai Kiran
|
|-
! ''[[DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham]]''
| "[[Gudilo Badilo Madilo Vodilo]]"
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| Sahiti
| MLR Karthikeyan
|-
|}

====2019====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! rowspan="2"| ''[[NTR: Kathanayakudu]]'' ''[[N.T.R: Mahanayakudu]]''
| "Bantureethi Koluvu"
| rowspan="2"|[[M. M. Keeravani]]
| [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| [[T. Sreenidhi|Sreenidhi Tirumala]]
|-
| "Ramanna Katha"
| M. M. Keeravani
| [[Sunitha Upadrashta]]
|-
! ''[[Oorantha Anukuntunnaru]]''
| "Kanna"
| [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]
| [[Vanamali]]
| K. M. Radha Krishnan
|-
|}

===2020s===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Year
!Film
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Writer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
|2020
!''Kalakarudu''
|"Kanulalo Neeru"
|Raghuram
|Ala Raju
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
!''Kalaposhakulu''
|"Nuvvele Nuvvele"
|Yelender Mahaveer
|Rambabu Goshala
|[[Vijay Prakash]]
|-
!''[[Marakkar: Lion of the Arabian Sea]]''
|"Chinni Kunjali"
|Ronnie Raphael
|[[Vennelakanti]]
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2022
!''[[Bangarraju]]''
|"Nuvvu Siggupadithe"
|[[Anup Rubens]]
|[[Kasarla Shyam]]
|Sai Charan
|-
!''[[Bheemla Nayak]]''
|"Antha Ishtam"
|[[Thaman S]]
|[[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
!''Hello June''
|"Chinni Chinni"
|Ifthi
|Sri Siraag
|-
![[Major (film)|''Major'']]
|"Kanna Kanna"
|[[Sricharan Pakala]]
|[[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
|-
!''[[Sita Ramam]]''
|"Nene Aa Nene"
|[[Vishal Chandrashekhar]]
|[[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry|Sirivennela Sitaramasastri]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
!''[[Banaras (2022 film)|Banaras]]''
|"Tholi Tholi Valape"
|[[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
|Krishna Kanth
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
!''[[Butterfly (2022 film)|Butterfly]]''
|"Amma"
|Arviz
|[[Anantha Sriram]]
| rowspan="7" |
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2023
!''[[Varisu|Vaarasudu]]''
|"Amma"
|[[Thaman S]]
|[[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
|-
!''Geetha Sakshiga''
|"Amma Manasu"
|[[Gopi Sundar]]
|Rehman
|-
!''Yendhira Ee Panchayithi''
|"Katha Kadhu"
| colspan="2" |Peddapalli Rohith
|-
!''[[Calling Sahasra]]''
|"Kalaya Nijama"
|Mohith Rahmanic
|Lakshmi Priyanka
|-
!''Perfume''
|"Ilanti Prema"
|Ajay Arasada
|[[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
|-
!''[[Pindam]]''
|"Guvva Gelichindi"
|Krishna Saurabh
|Kavi Siddhartha
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024
!''[[The Greatest of All Time]]'' (D)
|"Ninnu Kanna Kanulae"
|Yuvan Shankar Raja
|Ramajogayya Sastry
|S. P. Charan
|-
!''Darshini''
|"Ninnele Ninnele"
|Nizani Anjan
|Giridhar Ragolu
|[[Yazin Nizar]]
|-
![[Sarangadhariya (film)|''Sarangadhariya'']]
|"Andukova"
|M. Ebenezer Paul
|Rambabu Gosala
| rowspan="3" |
|-
![[Sabari (2024 film)|''Sabari'']]
|"Anaganagaa Oka Kadhala"

|[[Gopi Sundar]]
|Rahman
|-
|2025
!''[[8 Vasantalu]]''
|"Parichayamila"
|[[Hesham Abdul Wahab]]
|[[Vanamali]]
|}

== Malayalam songs ==
<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Malayalam Songs sung by KS Chithra|url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/listsongs.php?g=2}}</ref>This is an incomplete list

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! Year
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
| 1979
! ''[[Kummatty]]''
| "Muthassikkadhayile"
| [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]] [[Kavalam Narayana Panicker]]
| [[Kavalam Narayana Panicker]]
| Manju, Asha, Usha
|-
| rowspan="7"|1982
! ''[[Aasha (1982 film)|Aasha]]''
| "Aashe Aare Chaare"
| [[A. T. Ummer]]
| [[Dr. Pavithran]]
| [[K. J. Yesudas]], K. S. Beena, Chorus
|-
! ''[[Kelkkaatha Sabdham]]''
| "Maanikyam"
| [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
| Devadas
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
! rowspan="2"|''[[Njan Ekananu]]''
| "Rajani Parayu"
| rowspan="5"|[[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Sathyan Anthikad]]
| solo
|-
| "Pranaya Vasantham"
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
! rowspan="2"|''[[Novemberinte Nashtam]]''
| "Arikilo Akaleyo"
| rowspan="2"|[[Poovachal Khader]]
| Arundhathi
|-
| "Arikilo Akaleyo" (record version)
| [[M. G. Sreekumar]], Arundhati
|-
! ''Snehapoorvam Meera''
| "Enthu Mama Sadanathil"
|
| K. S. Beena
|-
| rowspan=4|1983
! rowspan=2|''[[Ente Mamattukkuttiyammakku]]''
| "Aalorungi Arangorungi"
| rowspan=2|[[Jerry Amaldev]]
| rowspan=2|[[Bichu Thirumala]]
| solo
|-
| "Thaimanikkunju Thennal"
| chorus
|-
! ''Mounaraagam''
| "Gaaname Unaroo Dukha"
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| [[Sreekumaran Thampi]]
| solo
|-
! ''[[Rathilayam]]''
| "Kadalilum Karayilum"
| [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]
| [[Poovachal Khader]]
| [[K. G. Markose]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1984
! rowspan=2|''[[Arante Mulla Kochu Mulla]]''
| "Kaattil Kodum Kaattil"
| rowspan=2|[[Alleppey Ranganath]]
| rowspan=2|Madhu Alappuzha
| rowspan=2|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| "Ponthaamarakal Poothulayum"
|}

===2020s===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Year
!Film
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Writer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
|rowspan="2"|2020
!rowspan="2"|''[[Varane Avashyamund]]''
|"Ne Va En Arumukha"
|rowspan="2"| [[Alphons Joseph]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Santhosh Varma]]
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
|"Kuttikkurumba"
|
|-
|rowspan="6"|2021
!rowspan="2"|''[[Mohan Kumar Fans]]''
|"Oru Theera Novu (solo)"
|rowspan="2"| Prince George
|rowspan="2"| Jis Joy
|
|-
|"Oru Theera Novu (duet)"
|Abhijith Kollam
|-
! ''[[Malik (film)|Malik]]''
|"Theerame Theerame"
|[[Sushin Shyam]]
|[[Anwar Ali (poet)|Anwar Ali]]
|[[Sooraj Santhosh]]
|-
! ''[[Kaalchilambu]]''
|"Payyanur Pavitram"
|[[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri]]
|[[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri]]
|
|-
! ''[[Kaaval (2021 film)|Kaaval]]''
|"Kaarmekham Moodunnu"
|[[Ranjin Raj]]
|[[B. K. Harinarayanan]]
|
|-
! ''[[Marakkar: Lion of the Arabian Sea]]''
|"Kunju Kunjaali"
|[[Rahul Raj]]
|[[B. K. Harinarayanan]]
|
|-
|rowspan="6"|2023
!rowspan="2"|''[[Pookkaalam]]''
|"Ore Pakal"
|rowspan="2"| [[Sachin Warrier]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Rafeeq Ahamed]]
|[[Shahabaz Aman]]
|-
|"Vaadunnuvo"
|Sachin Warrier
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Neelavelicham (film)|Neelavelicham]]''
|"Anuraga Madhuchashakam"
|rowspan="3"| [[Bijibal]], [[Rex Vijayan]]
|rowspan="3"|[[P. Bhaskaran]]
|
|-
|"Potthithakarnna Kinavu"
|
|-
|"Vasantha Panchami"
|
|-
!''[[Madhura Manohara Moham]]''
|"Thathana Thathana"
|[[Hesham Abdul Wahab]]
|[[B. K. Harinarayanan]]
|Chorus
|-
|rowspan="3"|2024
!''[[Iyer in Arabia]]''
|"Parayaathe Parayunnathellam"
|[[Anand Madhusoodhanan]]
|[[Prabha Varma]]
|[[Shahabaz Aman]]
|-
!''[[Aanandhapuram Diaries]]''
|"Aaru Nee Kanmani"
|Albert Vijayan
|[[Rafeeq Ahamed]]
|
|-
!''[[Varshangalkku Shesham]]''
|"Jeevithagaadhakale"
|Amrit Ramnath
|Vaisakh Sugunan
|[[Sreevalsan J. Menon]], Mithun Jayaraj
|-
|rowspan="5"|2025
!''[[Anpodu Kanmani (2025 film)|Anpodu Kanmani]]''
|"Mazhananavariyum"
|[[Samuel Aby]]
|[[Manu Manjith]]
|
|-
!''[[Ponman]]''
|"Paka"
|[[Justin Varghese]]
|[[Suhail Koya]]
|Justin Varghese
|-
!''Randaam Yaamam''
|"Melle Vannu Priyan"
|[[Mohan Sithara]]
|Nemom Pushparaj
|
|-
!''PDC Athra Cheriya Degree Alla''
|"Manju Moodiya Thazhvarayil"
|Firos Nadh
|Illiyas Kadameri
|Firos Nadh
|-
!''[[Vala: Story of a Bangle]]''
| "Arike"
|[[Govind Vasantha]]
|[[Rafeeq Ahamed]]
|
|-
|rowspan="1"|2026
!''[[Magic Mushrooms (film)|Magic Mushrooms]]''
|"Aaraane Aaraane"
|[[Nadirshah]]
|[[Rajeev Govindan]]
|[[Rimi Tomy]]
|-
|}

== Kannada songs ==
{{incomplete list|date=March 2025}}

===1980s===
====1986====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''Sathkara''
| 1
| "Cheluveya Moga"
| [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]]
| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
! ''Preethi''
|2
| "Nee Hachida Ee Kunkuma"
| [[G. K. Venkatesh]]
| Shyamasundar Kulkarni
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Aruna Raaga]]''
|3
| "Hoovantha Hrudayavanu"
|rowspan="2"| [[M. Ranga Rao]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
| Solo
|-
|4
| "Naanondu Theera"
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
! ''[[Africadalli Sheela]]''
|5
| "Sheela O My Sheela"
| [[Bappi Lahiri]]
| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Sathya Jyothi]]''
|6
| "Krishnana Kaanuva"
|rowspan="2"| [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="2"| Solo
|-
|7
| "Ananda Indu Ananda"
| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|-
|}

====1987====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''Aapadbandhava''
| 8
| "Manadaseye Nijavadare"
| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Dance Raja Dance]]''
| 9
| "Ee Namma Baale"
| Vijayanand
| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Jeevana Jyothi (1987 film)|Jeevana Jyothi]]''
| 10
| "Aatavu Chanda"
| Vijayanand
| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Karunamayi (film)|Karunamayi]]''
| 11
| "Hejje Mele Hejje"
|rowspan="3"|[[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 12
| "Manasali Bayasuvude"
|-
| 13
| "Nammoora Cheluva"
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Nyayakke Shikshe''
| 14
| "Nee Nakkare"
|rowspan="2"|Vijayanand
|rowspan="2"| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 15
| "Namagagi Daiva Thanda"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Onde Goodina Hakkigalu''
| 16
| "Anna Atthige"
|rowspan="2"|Vijayanand
|rowspan="2"| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 17
| "Manasu Manasu"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Ravana Rajya''
| 18
| "Thande Nee Needubaa"
|rowspan="2"|Vijayanand
|rowspan="2"| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|[[Manjula Gururaj]]
|-
| 19
| "Thande Nee Needubaa -Sad"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Sathyam Shivam Sundaram (1987 film)|Sathyam Shivam Sundaram]]''
| 20
| "Ide Reethi Endu"
|rowspan="2"|[[Chakravarthy (music composer)|Chakravarthy]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 21
| "Eneno Kanasa Kande"
| Solo
|-
! ''Vijayothsava''
| 22
| "Aagaasake"
|[[Shankar Ganesh]]
|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|[[Rajkumar Bharathi]]
|-
|}

====1988====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Arjun''
| 23
| "Baa Raaja Baa"
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="2"| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 24
| "Naa Jaadugara"
|-
! ''[[Brahma Vishnu Maheshwara]]''
| 25
| "Chinna Naale Neenu"
| Vijayanand
| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Dharmathma''
| 26
| "Chinna Chinna Onde Aase"
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 27
| "Gaali Mysokithu"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="4"|''[[Jana Nayaka]]''
| 28
| "Doo Doo Basavanna"
|rowspan="4"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="2"| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="4"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 29
| "Madhuchandra Banda"
|-
| 30
| "Sukumari Sundarangiye"
| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
|-
| 31
| "Jananayaka Namma Oorige"
| Shyamasundar Kulkarni
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Nammoora Raja]]''
| 32
| "Aakasha Angaiyali"
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 33
| "Kilaadi Jodi"
|-
| 34
| "Anuraagaveno Anandaveno"
| Shyamasundar Kulkarni
| [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]
|-
!rowspan="3"|''Shakthi''
| 35
| "Manada Gudi"
|rowspan="3"| [[Chakravarthy (music composer)|Chakravarthy]]
|[[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 36
| "Baalondu Hoobana"
|rowspan="2"|Shyamasundar Kulkarni
|-
| 37
| "Nannantha Hennanu"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Suprabhatha]]''
| 38
| "Cheluve Nanna Cheluve"
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 39
| "Aralida Aase"
|-
| 40
| "Ee Hrudaya Haadide"
| Solo
|-
|}

====1989====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!''Adrushta Rekhe''
| 41
| "Hey Modi Maado"
|[[Shankar Ganesh]]
|Sriranga
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[C.B.I. Shankar]]''
| 42
| "Idhu Mayabazaaru"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 43
| "Kaada Noda Hode"
|-
| 44
| "Geethanjali"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Doctor Krishna]]''
| 45
| "Helida Maathu"
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="3"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 46
| "Bali Barele Chanchale"
| [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| 47
| "Karunamayi Neene Daiva"
| [[Su. Rudramurthy Shastry]]
|-
!rowspan="5"|''[[Gagana (film)|Gagana]]''
| 48
| "Ellu Kaanenu"
|rowspan="5"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="5"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 49
| "Naanu Happy"
|-
| 50
| "Enaaythu Nanna Nalla"
|rowspan="3"|Solo
|-
| 51
| "Baagilu Theredu"
|-
| 52
| "Iniya Baareya"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Guru (1989 film)|Guru]]''
| 53
| "Nannantha Hudugi"
|rowspan="3"| [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="3"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 54
| "Nee Muttidare Saaku"
|-
| 55
| "Ardha Raatri Veleli"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Hendthighelbedi]]''
| 56
| "Madhura Maya"
|rowspan="2"| Vijayanand
|rowspan="2"| [[Su. Rudramurthy Shastry]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 57
| "Neene Muride"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Hongkongnalli Agent Amar]]''
| 58
| "Ee Henna Roopa"
|rowspan="3"| Peter J. Kamilose
|rowspan="3"| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="3"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 59
| "Chinna Nelasiruve"
|-
| 60
| "Hello My Preyasi"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Hrudaya Geethe]]''
| 61
| "Hrudaya Geethe Haaduthire"
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 62
| "Yuga Yugagale Saagali"
| M. N. Vyasa Rao
| Solo
|-
!''[[Idu Saadhya]]''
| 63
| "Kanninalle Nee Kollabeda"
|Vijayanand
| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
| [[Alisha Chinoy]]
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Krishna Nee Kunidaga]]''
| 64
| "Praya Bandare Yaako"
|rowspan="3"| Vijayanand
| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 65
| "Dhama Dhamaru"
|rowspan="2"| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|-
| 66
| "Ee Raadhe Jeeva"
| Solo
|-
!''Nyaayakkagi Naanu''
| 67
| "Kalla Nalla"
| [[Satyam (music director)|Satyam]]
| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Ondagi Balu]]''
| 68
| "Minuguva Thaare"
|rowspan="2"| Vijayanand
|rowspan="2"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 69
| "Balegalu Aaduthide"
| Solo
|-
!''[[Sharavegada Saradara]]''
| 70
| "Attha Ittha Suttha Muttha"
| [[S. P. Venkitesh|Sangeetha Raja]]
| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|}

===1990s===
====1990====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''Agni Divya''
| 71
| "Nee Ello Alle Ee Kannu"
| [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]
| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
| Solo
|-
! ''[[Ajay Vijay]]''
| 72
| "Gaganade Thelide"
| Yuvarajan
| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="5"|''Ekalavya''
| 73
| "Ninna Sneha Channa"
|rowspan="5"| [[S. P. Venkitesh|Sangeetha Raja]]
|rowspan="5"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="5"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 74
| "Mutthu Mutthu Eega"
|-
| 75
| "Male Billu Anda Illa"
|-
| 76
| "Samsaravaadarenu"
|-
| 77
| "Baa Illi Baa"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''Kempu Surya''
| 78
| "Intha Gande Beku"
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 79
| "Hejje Mele Hejje"
|-
| 80
| "Kempu Suryana"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Maheshwara''
| 81
| "Swaravu Shruthiyu"
|rowspan="2"| Vijayanand
|rowspan="2"| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 82
| "Manmatha Barediha"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''Mathsara''
| 83
| "Vesha Haaki"
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Venkitesh|Sangeetha Raja]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 84
| "Munnuggi Nadedare"
|-
| 85
| "Kolalu Neenire"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Mathe Haditu Kogile]]''
| 86
| "Naanindu Ninninda"
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 87
| "Haaduva Aase Haadadu Yeko"
|-
| 88
| "Nava Vasanthada Gaali"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Muthina Haara]]''
| 89
| "Madikeri Sipayi"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 90
| "Huliya Haalina Mevu"
|-
| 91
| "Devaru Hoseda Premada Daara"
| [[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Panchama Veda (film)|Panchama Veda]]''
| 92
| "Aase Holeye Ukki"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Venkitesh|Sangeetha Raja]]
|rowspan="2"| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="2"| Solo
|-
| 93
| "Nee Thanda Preethi"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''Poli Kitty''
| 94
| "Ee Rathri"
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Venkitesh|Sangeetha Raja]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 95
| "Thangali Beesidaga"
|-
| 96
| "Oh Krishnaiah"
|-
! ''Sididedda Gandu''
| 97
| "Helalilla Kelalilla"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| Solo
|-
|}

====1991====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''Anatha Rakshaka''
| 98
| "Cheluvi Ninna"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="4"|''[[Aranyadalli Abhimanyu]]''
| 99
| "Preethige Maathugalu"
|rowspan="4"| [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Su. Rudramurthy Shastry]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 100
| "Manada Uyyale"
|-
| 101
| "He Ganda Nanna Ganda"
| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
|-
| 102
| "Ee Namma Pandyadalli"
| Shyamasundar Kulkarni
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Bangaradantha Maga]]''
| 103
| "Nenneginta Indu Channa"
|rowspan="2"| S. Vasu Rao
|rowspan="2"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 104
| "Kamana Billigintha"
|-
!rowspan="4"|''Gandanige Thakka Hendthi''
| 105
| "Aadu Thamashe Nodu"
|rowspan="4"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
| [[Su. Rudramurthy Shastry]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 106
| "Haaku Hejje"
| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
|-
| 107
| "Sangeetha Ee Jeevana"
| Shyamasundar Kulkarni
|-
| 108
| "Kuniyona Baa"
| [[Geethapriya]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Manjula Gururaj]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Gowri Kalyana''
| 109
| "Preethiyalli Entha"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|[[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 110
| "Premada Kalpane"
| M. N. Vyasa Rao
|-
!rowspan="3"|''Ibbaru Hendira Muddina Police''
| 111
| "Geethopadesha Maadide"
|rowspan="3"| [[Raj-Koti]]
|rowspan="3"|[[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 112
| "Gange Gowri"
|-
| 113
| "Mellage Nee Bandu"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Jagadeka Veera]]''
| 114
| "Naanu Neenu Koodi"
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
| [[Su. Rudramurthy Shastry]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 115
| "Ninna Roopa"
| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|-
| 116
| "Nanna Premi"
| Shyamasundar Kulkarni
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="3"|''Kadana''
| 117
| "Ee Sudo Bisi"
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Venkitesh|Sangeetha Raja]]
|rowspan="3"|[[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 118
| "Premadooralli Maavu Thorana"
|-
| 119
| "Ye Kalli Nodilli"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Kiladi Gandu''
| 120
| "Hatthira Hatthira"
|rowspan="2"| Manoranjan Prabhakar
|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 121
| "Neene Doni"
| M. N. Vyasa Rao
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Mangalya (film)|Mangalya]]''
| 122
| "Nannase Enendu"
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|Solo
|-
| 123
| "Sarvamangalege Shivanu"
| [[Manjula Gururaj]]
|-
| 124
| "Mutthinantha Maathanu"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Mathru Bhagya''
| 125
| "Nee Nagalu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Upendra Kumar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 126
| "Thaalalaare Naa"
|-
!rowspan="5"|''Navathare''
| 127
| "Romeo Romeo"
|rowspan="5"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="5"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 128
| "Loka Loka Nododu"
|-
| 129
| "O Majanu Ninage Sharanu"
|-
| 130
| "Neerinanthe Nirmala"
|-
| 131
| "O Majanu Ninage"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Nayaka''
| 132
| "Thakajum Thakajum"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 133
| "Bhramara O Bhramara"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="4"|''[[Neenu Nakkare Haalu Sakkare]]''
| 134
| "Baare Santhege Hogona"
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 135
| "Baare Rukkamma"
|-
| 136
| "Nooru Henna Kandu"
|-
| 137
| "Baanalli Ninninda Sooryodaya"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Police Matthu Dada]]''
| 138
| "Ninna Kannali Kaathara"
|rowspan="2"| [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 139
| "Laila Laila"
| Solo
|-
!''Puksatte Ganda Hotte Thumba Unda''
| 140
| "Kogileye Elliruve"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!''Punda Prachanda''
| 141
| "Beladingalu Beladingalu"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
!''[[Ramachaari]]''
| 142
| "Burude Burude"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
!rowspan="4"|''[[Ranachandi]]''
| 143
| "Geetha I Love You"
|rowspan="4"| Sax Raja
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 144
| "Naanyaaro Neene"
|-
| 145
| "Huccharu Naavu"
|-
| 146
| "Naanyaaro Neene"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Rowdy & MLA]]''
| 147
| "Viraha Viraha"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 148
| "Kolu Kolenna Kole"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Shanti Kranti]]''
| 149
| "Bandano Yamaraaya"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 150
| "One Two Three"
|-
!''Shivaraj''
| 151
| "I Love You"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Sundarakanda (1991 film)|Sundara Kanda]]''
| 152
| "Raviya Kiranagale"
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Venkitesh|Sangeetha Raja]]
|rowspan="3"| [[K. V. Raju]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 153
| "Neenyava Gandu"
|-
| 154
| "Maleyidenu Hosadide"
|-
!rowspan="4"|''Theja''
| 155
| "Oh Cheluva Cheluva"
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 156
| "Rannada Rani"
|-
| 157
| "Illi Nodu Shiva"
|rowspan="2"|Solo
|-
| 158
| "Laila Laila"
|-
!''Veera Dheera''
| 159
| "Kemmannu Gundimele"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Yuddha Parva''
| 160
| "O Premave"
|rowspan="2"| [[Raveendran]]
|rowspan="2"| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 161
| "Hosa Kavya Barede"
|-
!''Antharangada Mrudanga''
| 162
| "Vasantha Rajana"
| [[M. Ranga Rao]]
| Gajendra Kote
| Solo
|-
!''Shwethagni''
| 163
| "Inde Thaane"
| Manoranjan Prabhakar
| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|}

====1992====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!rowspan="5"|''[[Aathma Bandhana]]''
| 164
| "Heluvaraarilla Nammanu"
|rowspan="5"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="5"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"|Solo
|-
| 165
| "Rajeshwari Yogeshwari"
|-
| 166
| "Prema Endarenu"
|rowspan="3"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 167
| "Nanna Hrudayadali"
|-
| 168
| "Hatthira Hatthira Nee"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Athimadhura Anuraga''
| 169
| "Munjane Surya"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Hamsalekha]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 170
| "Raathri Veleyadre"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Belli Kalungura]]''
| 171
| "Maama Maama Chandamaama"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Hamsalekha]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 172
| "Belli Kalungura"
| [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| 173
| "Kelisade Kallu Kallinali"
| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="4"|''[[Belliyappa Bangarappa]]''
| 174
| "Beda Doora Hogayya"
|rowspan="4"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="4"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 175
| "Ninna Notake"
|-
| 176
| "Belli Modada Mareya"
|-
| 177
| "Sannamma Naanaaru"
|-
!''[[Chaitrada Premanjali]]''
| 178
| "O Malenadina"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
|[[Hamsalekha]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Chikkejamanru]]''
| 179
| "Nammoora Nyayadevaru"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 180
| "Buguri Buguri"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Chitralekha''
| 181
| "Neenu Hennu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 182
| "Ramanennalenu Ninna"
|-
!''[[Edurmaneli Ganda Pakkadmaneli Hendthi]]''
| 183
| "Meghavu Hariside"
| [[Raj-Koti]]
| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!''Gandharva''
| 184
| "Attha Nodu Malenadu"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="4"|''[[Gopi Krishna (1992 film)|Gopi Krishna]]''
| 185
| "Nayakara O Nayaka"
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 186
| "Jagavella Jagavella"
|-
| 187
| "Chori Chori"
|-
| 188
| "Sharadammanavare"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Gruhalakshmi (1992 film)|Gruhalakshmi]]''
| 189
| "Mellage Ba Mellage"
|rowspan="2"| [[Raj-Koti]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 190
| "Kho Kho Abbabba"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Guru Brahma]]''
| 191
| "Varuna Varuna"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Hamsalekha]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 192
| "Deepa Deepa Roopa"
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| 193
| "Maduve Maduve"
| [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Halli Krishna Delhi Radha]]''
| 194
| "Beke Idu Beke"
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="3"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 195
| "Mutthinda Mathherithu"
|-
| 196
| "Ayyo Ayyo Krishna"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Hatamari Hennu Kiladi Gandu]]''
| 197
| "Hejje Mele Hejje"
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 198
| "Barede Ninna Hesarannu"
|-
| 199
| "Sokalu Ee Kai"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Hosa Raga''
| 200
| "Manasugala Sangama"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Venkitesh|Sangeetha Raja]]
|Shyamasundar Kulkarni
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 201
| "Premiside Naanu"
|[[Doddarange Gowda]]
|-
!rowspan="4"|''Jhenkara''
| 202
| "Namma Colleginalli"
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 203
| "Thanu Olage Olava"
|-
| 204
| "Naanu Neenu Bereyaadare"
|-
| 205
| "Kande Kande Naanu"
|-
!rowspan="4"|''[[Kaliyuga Seethe]]''
| 206
| "Dinavu Nalide"
|rowspan="4"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 207
| "Sarasa Sarasa"
|-
| 208
| "Hoovu Beke Hoovu"
|rowspan="2"|Solo
|-
| 209
| "Thattu Innu Thattu"
|-
!rowspan="4"|''Ksheera Sagara''
| 210
| "Priya Priya"
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="4"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 211
| "Kalyani Kalyani"
|-
| 212
| "Mysore Mallige"
|-
| 213
| "Yaakla Puttnarsa"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Malashree Mamashree]]''
| 214
| "Bandano Bhoomige"
|rowspan="3"| [[Raj-Koti]]
|rowspan="3"|[[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="3"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 215
| "Yaarava Shilpi"
|-
| 216
| "Ninnalli Ondadenu"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Mallige Hoove]]''
| 217
| "Andavo Andavu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| 218
| "Baare Cheluve"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Mannina Doni]]''
| 219
| "Male Male"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 220
| "Nandu Nindu Indu"
|-
| 221
| "Rajanu Rani"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Megha Mandara]]''
| 222
| "Nanna Mandara"
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Venkitesh]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 223
| "Daddy Preethi"
|-
| 224
| "Megha Megha"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Nagaradalli Nayakaru]]''
| 225
| "Oh Priyathama"
|rowspan="2"| [[Raj-Koti]]
|rowspan="2"|[[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 226
| "My Darling Sweety"
|-
!rowspan="5"|''[[Nanna Shathru]]''
| 227
| "Maagi Bandayithu"
|rowspan="5"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="5"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 228
| "Ellelli Nodali"
|-
| 229
| "Jodiyada Dampathi"
| Sri Ranga
|-
| 230
| "Nee Nanna"
| Shyamasundar Kulkarni
|-
| 231
| "Abbabba Ninna Muttalu"
| [[Geethapriya]]
|-
!''Nanna Thangi''
| 232
| "Oh Madhuri"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Police File''
| 233
| "Naanu Ondu Kadambari"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 234
| "Chiranjeevi Aagi"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Prema Sangama]]''
| 235
| "Jolly Day"
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 236
| "Honna Kogile"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Pruthviraj''
| 237
| "Chandada Nandanavana"
|rowspan="2"| Sax Raja
|rowspan="2"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| 238
| "Adhe Sagara"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Rajadhi Raja (1992 film)|Rajadhi Raja]]''
| 239
| "Ninnalliro Anda"
|rowspan="2"| Vijayanand
|rowspan="2"|[[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 240
| "Daba Daba Hrudayada Beetu"
|-
!''[[Sahasi (film)|Sahasi]]''
| 241
| "Kogile Kogile"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!''Shakthi Yukthi''
| 242
| "Nalle Ninna"
| Manoranjan Prabhakar
| Hirannayya
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!''Shambhavi''
| 243
| "Ninnane Nambi"
| [[Shankar Ganesh]]
| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="5"|''[[Shivanaga]]''
| 244
| "Muthugala Ratnagala"
|rowspan="5"| [[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="5"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="3"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 245
| "Baaro Nanna"
|-
| 246
| "Manmatha Rathiyo"
|-
| 247
| "Ondu Kottare
|rowspan="2"|Solo
|-
| 248
| "Harana Koralalli"
|-
!rowspan="5"|''[[Snehada Kadalalli]]''
| 249
| "Maa Thayi Ganga Maayi"
|rowspan="5"| [[Raj-Koti]]
|rowspan="5"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="5"|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 250
| "Ninna Haage"
|-
| 251
| "Barpara Bel"
|-
| 252
| "Jhum Jhum Endendu"
|-
| 253
| "Nanna Jeevana"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Solillada Saradara]]''
| 254
| "Jogayya Jogayya"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 255
| "Yaarigagi Hele"
|rowspan="2"| [[Manjula Gururaj]]
|-
| 256
| "Premavendarenu"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Sriramachandra]]''
| 257
| "Gaganadali Maleyadina"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 258
| "Enaayithu Nanageedina"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Vajrayudha (film)|Vajrayudha]]''
| 259
| "Mohini Mohini"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Hamsalekha]]
| Solo
|-
| 260
| "Tooru Tooru"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|}

====1993====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! No
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Aaha Brahmachari''
| 261
| "Iralaare Innu Doora"
|rowspan="2"| [[Raj-Koti]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 262
| "Nalle Ee Sanje"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Manjula Gururaj]]
|-
!''[[Aathanka]]''
| 263
| "Hatthu Varushada Hinde"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[K S Narasimha Swamy]]
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="3"|''Abhijith''
| 264
| "Akashave"
|rowspan="3"| Sax Raja
|rowspan="3"|[[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 265
| "Hosa Dina"
|-
| 266
| "Prema Solalla"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Alimayya]]''
| 267
| "Kopava Thapava"
|rowspan="2"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Doddarange Gowda]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 268
| "Yavanavva Cheluvaraya"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Ananda Jyothi]]''
| 269
| "O Priyathama"
|rowspan="2"| Vijayanand
|rowspan="2"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 270
| "Eno Hosathana"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Angaiyalli Apsare''
| 271
| "Amara Madhura Prema"
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 272
| "Nanna Danthada Gombe"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Annayya (1993 film)|Annayya]]''
| 273
| "Aa Haage Premiyo"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 274
| "Ragi Holadaage"
|-
| 275
| "Come On Darling"
|-
!rowspan="4"|''Apoorva Jodi''
| 276
| "Anna Banda"
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| 277
| "Naari Ninna"
|-
| 278
| "Mysoora Suthalu"
|-
| 279
| "Dukka Illa"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="1"|''[[Baa Nalle Madhuchandrake]]''
| 280
| "Baa Nalle Baa Nalle"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
|[[Hamsalekha]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Bahaddur Hennu''
| 281
| "Hoovanthe Mogavu"
|rowspan="2"|[[Rajan Nagendra]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
||[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 282
| "Kannalle Kollaballenu"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="1"|''[[Bevu Bella (1993 film)|Bevu Bella]]''
| 283
| "Akashadinda Therinalli"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
|[[Hamsalekha]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="3"|''Captain''
| 284
| "Kadalaala Kaanuthide"
|rowspan="3"| Vijayanand
|rowspan="3"|[[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="1"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 285
| "O Jeeva Ee Nova"
| [[Vinod Raj]]
|-
| 286
| "Laali Laali"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="5"|''[[Gadibidi Ganda]]''
| 287
| "Pancharangi Putta"
|rowspan="5"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="5"|[[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 288
| "Gadibidi Ganda Neenu"
|-
| 289
| "Bidde Bidde Bathroomalli"
|-
| 290
| "Muddadendide Mallige Hoo"
|-
| 291
| "Bum Chick Bumbum"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="1"|''[[Gejje Naada]]''
| 292
| "Malli Malli Minchulli"
| [[V. Manohar]]
| [[V. Manohar]]
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Hoovu Hannu]]''
| 293
| "Manju Manju"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| 294
| "Raamana Paada"
| Solo
|-
| 295
| "Thaayi Thaayi"
| [[Dr. Rajkumar]]
|-
!rowspan="1"|''Kadambari''
| 296
| "Kaadinolage Samsaara"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="4"|''[[Kempaiah IPS]]''
| 297
| "Shaka Vaishaka"
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 298
| "Aashareeravaniya"
|-
| 299
| "Munjane Soorya
|rowspan="2"|Solo
|-
| 300
| "Aashareeravaniya"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Kollura Sri Mookambika]]''
| 301
| "Kanasinali Banda"
|rowspan="2"| Pugalendi Mahadevan
|rowspan="2"| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
|rowspan="2"| Solo
|-
| 302
| "Amma Daye Baradenu"
|-
!rowspan="3"|''Kumkuma Bhagya''
| 303
| "Nanneya Manasemba"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 304
| "Ee Lovvige Licenside"
|-
| 305
| "Thangaalile"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Mane Devru]]''
| 306
| "Aarambha Premadarambha"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 307
| "Appa Appa Nange Neenu"
|-
| 308
| "Aparanji Chinnavo"
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Mangalya Bandhana]]''
| 309
| "Jeeva Nanna"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 310
| "Bisilaadarenu"
|-
| 311
| "Baalu Needalagadavanu"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Mechhida Madhumaga''
| 312
| "Ee Mohada Soundaryake"
|rowspan="2"| Manoranjan Prabhakar
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Manohar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 313
| "Baanigeruva Aase"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Midida Hrudayagalu]]''
| 314
| "Chandana Chandanadinda"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 315
| "Devaloka Premaloka"
|-
! ''Mouna Sangrama''
| 316
| "Sandhya Sandhya"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Muddina Maava]]''
| 317
| "Aradhana Premaradhana"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 318
| "Varane Maduve Maduve"
|-
!rowspan="4"|''[[Munjaneya Manju]]''
| 319
| "Dumbi Dumbi"
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 320
| "Munjaneya Manju"
|-
| 321
| "Kopaana Madana"
|rowspan="2"|Solo
|-
| 322
| "Jeevana Sarigamagala"
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Nanendu Nimmavane''
| 323
| "Kaddu Kaddu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajan-Nagendra]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 324
| "Alli Nodalu Rama"
| Solo
|-
!rowspan="2"|''Prathiphala''
| 325
| "Aatake Chenna"
|rowspan="2"| [[Satyam (composer)|Sathyam]]
|rowspan="2"| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|rowspan="2"|Solo
|-
| 326
| "Come for the Show"
|-
!rowspan="4"|''[[Rayaru Bandaru Mavana Manege]]''
| 327
| "Adavi Deviya"
|rowspan="4"| [[Raj-Koti]]
|rowspan="2"| M. N. Vyasa Rao
|rowspan="4"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| 328
| "Baare Baare Deviye"
|-
| 329
| "Muddina Hudugi Chenda"
|rowspan="2"|[[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|-
| 330
| "Aparadhi Naanalla"
|-
|}

===2000s===
====2000====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''Chamundi''
| "Thatta Thatta"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Archana Udupa]], [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
|-
! ''[[Deepavali (2000 film)|Deepavali]]''
| "Mukkoti Suryaniva"
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Devara Maga]]''
| "Gowdaji Gowdaji"
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Ye Bellegowda Gedda"
|-
| "Bharathappa Namma"
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Thayilla Thavarilla"
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Galate Aliyandru]]''
| "Sagariye Sagariye"
|rowspan="2"| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Saiyyare Hoye"
| [[S. Narayan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Hagalu Vesha]]''
| "Beladingala Benne Kaddu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Baraguru Ramachandrappa]]
|[[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Mayaa Jinke"
| [[Ramesh Chandra (singer)|Ramesh Chandra]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Independence Day''
| "College College"
|rowspan="2"| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
| "Namma Thaayi"
| Deepika, [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''Jeevana Raga''
| "Ileya Manamohini"
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Jeevana Raga"
| Shyamsundar Kulkarni
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Baalina Yathreyali"
| [[Geethapriya]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Krishna Leele]]''
| "Chanda O Chanda"
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Manohar]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
| "Keloo Geleyane"
| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''Naga Devathe''
| "Murali Ravali"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Haalundu Hoge Nagamma"
| [[B. Jayashree]]
|-
| "Oora Kaayo Muthaide"
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[O Nanna Nalle]]''
| "Kanasugarana Ondu"
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Ravichandran (actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Ravichandran (actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
|
|-
| "Rangu Rangena Halli"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Preethse]]''
| "Holi Holi Holi Holi"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Shabdavedhi]]''
| "Prema Kashmira"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Dr. Rajkumar]]
|-
| "Thayyare Thayya"
|-
| "Oh Gelathi"
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Shrirasthu Shubhamasthu]]''
| "Belli Bettada Mele"
|rowspan="4"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="4"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Bhoodevi Netthi Mele"
|-
| "Sagaradalli"
|-
| "Doora Doora Nodidashtu"
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Soorappa]]''
| "Badavar Mane Oota"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Yaru Kaanda Saptasagara"
|-
| "Mangala Ragada"
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Sparsha (film)|Sparsha]]''
| "Sangaathi Heegeke "
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Oho Chenne Chenne"
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Swalpa Adjust Madkolli]]''
| "Baduku Olavina Goodu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Sadhu Kokila]]
| Srichandru
|rowspan="2"|[[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Chali Chali Eke"
| [[V. Manohar]]
|-
!rowspan="5"| ''[[Yajamana (2000 film)|Yajamana]]''
| "O Maina O Maina"
|rowspan="5"| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
|rowspan="5"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Mysooru Mallige"
|-
| "Shree Gandhada Gombe"
|-
| "Namma Maneyali Dinavu"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Baana Chandrama"
|
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Yare Nee Abhimani]]''
| "Ramya Krishna"
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Vasa Vasa Srinivasa"
|-
| "Hello Usire"
|-
| "Yaare Nee Abhimani"
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
|}

====2001====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Amma''
| "Amma Amma"
|rowspan="2"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="2"| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|-
| "Munjane Gaganada"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Amma Nagamma''
| "Yamini Jaamadali"
|rowspan="2"| Gopikrishna
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
|-
| "Srichakra Nivasi"
|
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''Anjali Geethanjali''
| "O Chandamama"
|rowspan="4"| Prashanth Raj
|rowspan="4"| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Oho Panchamiye"
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Beladingale Neenu"
|
|-
| "Olave Olave"
|
|-
! ''[[Asura (2001 film)|Asura]]''
| "Nangu Modalu"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Aunty Preethse]]''
| "Sneha Deepavali"
|rowspan="2"| [[L. N. Shastry]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[L. N. Shastry]], [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
|-
| "Preethi Kadalalli"
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Bahala Chennagide]]''
| "Holi Holi"
| [[Saluri Koteswara Rao|Koti]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''Baanallu Neene Bhuviyallu Neene''
| "Chaluve Baanallu Neene"
| Prashanth Raj
| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Baava Baamaida]]''
| "Preethi Neenillade"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
| "Onti Ontiyagiruvudu"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Benna Hinde Bande"
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''Chitte''
| "Chitte Chitte Haaditu"
|rowspan="3"| [[V. Manohar]]
|rowspan="3"| [[V. Manohar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Belaku Iruva Thanaka"
|-
| "Nanna Namanagalu"
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Gattimela]]''
| "Hamsave Hamsave"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
| "Navileno Kunibeku"
|
|-
!''Grama Devathe''
| "Karamugide"
| [[Dhina]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Haalappa''
| "Oh Mandakini"
|rowspan="2"| [[Sadhu Kokila]]
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Manohar]]
|
|-
| "Jambhadambari"
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Jodi (2001 film)|Jodi]]''
| "O Preethiye"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Kanasugara]]''
| "Kaamana Bille"
|rowspan="4"| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
|rowspan="4"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Suryana Gelethanake"
|-
| "Koti Pallavi Haaduva"
|
|-
| "Ello Adhu Ello"
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Kotigobba]]''
| "Kaaverige Kaalungura"
|rowspan="3"| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|rowspan="3"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Thingala Belakina"
|-
| "Vardhana Vishnuvardhana"
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Maduve Aagona Baa]]''
| "Koti Koti Raga"
|rowspan="2"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]] - [[M. M. Srilekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Mutthina Mutthina"
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Neelambari (2001 film)|Neelambari]]''
| "Incharave Incharave"
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="2"|
|-
| "Malligeya Manasalli"
|-
! ''Prema Rajya''
| "Prathama Chumbana"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
! ''[[Premakke Sai]]''
| "Olavu Shuruvayitu"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
! ''[[Shaapa]]''
| "Ee Nadiyali"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="5"| ''[[Sri Manjunatha (film)|Sri Manjunatha]]''
| "Yaavon Kanda Ninna"
|rowspan="5"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Shri Manjunatha Charite"
|-
| "Jogappa Jangama"
|-
| "Ananda Paramananda"
| Sai Sankeerthi
|-
| "Om Akasharaya Namaha"
| [[J. K. Bharavi]]
| [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Usire (film)|Usire]]''
| "Janapada Annodu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Chilipiliyenno Chilipiligale"
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Vande Matharam (2001 film)|Vande Matharam]]''
| "Hindusthana Gotteno"
|rowspan="2"| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Bisi Nettharu"
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
|
|-
! ''Vishalakshammana Ganda''
| "Kirana Kirana"
| Prashanth Raj
| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|}

====2002====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''Athma''
| "Elle Iru"
| Prashanth Raj
| Bhangee Ranga
|
|-
! ''Annayya Thammayya''
| "Kuhu Kuhu Kogile"
| Prashanth Raj
| [[S. Mahendar]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Appu (2002 film)|Appu]]''
| "Ellinda Aarambhavo"
|rowspan="2"| [[Gurukiran]]
|rowspan="2"| Sriranga
|rowspan="2"| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Baare Baare Kalyana Mantappakke"
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''Boothayyana Makkalu''
| "Jogada Siri Belakinalli"
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
|rowspan="3"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Beladingala Ooralli"
|-
| "Oho Chaitrave"
|
|-
! ''Cheluve Ondu Heltheeni''
| "Oh Nanna Omkarave"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Daddy No.1''
| "Aa Bhaanu Ee Bhoomi"
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Manohar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Manohar]]
| Srikanth
|-
| "Chaka Chaka Chakamukhi"
| [[Gurukiran]]
|-
! ''[[Dakota Express]]''
| "Jhum Anthu"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Dhruva (2002 film)|Dhruva]]''
| "Dina Heege Ninne"
|rowspan="2"| [[Gurukiran]]
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
| "Cheluvina Chakori"
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Dhumm]]''
| "Baa Baa Baara"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Suresh Wadkar]]
|-
! ''Hatthura Odeya''
| "Sooryanu Belakina"
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Jamindaru]]''
| "Hudugi Hudugi"
|rowspan="4"| [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan="4"| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|-
| "Sundari Sundari"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Kande Naa Kande"
|
|-
| "Veena"
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Joot''
| "Nanna Sundara Kanasu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Naanu Naanage Illa"
|
|-
! ''Kambalahalli''
| "Karimani Byale"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
! ''[[Kodanda Rama]]''
| "Mallehoova Chandano"
| [[V. Ravichandran (actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
| [[V. Ravichandran (actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
| [[L. N. Shastry]]
|-
! ''Love U''
| "Idena Prema"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
! ''[[Manasella Neene]]''
| "Phala Phala Holeyuva"
| Raviraj
| [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''Mutthu''
| "Chandana Chandana"
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
|rowspan="3"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Ambara Ambaradaache"
|-
| "Ondu Hunnime Chandrana"
|-
! ''[[Nagarahavu (2002 film)|Nagarahavu]]''
| "Ede Chippinalli"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Ninagagi]]''
| "Hani Hani Seri"
|rowspan="2"| [[Gurukiran]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
| "Kanninalli Kannanittu"
|
|-
!rowspan="6"| ''[[Ninne Preethisuve]]''
| "Prema Patra Bareyitu"
|rowspan="6"| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
|rowspan="6"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="6"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Kogileya Haadu"
|-
| "Olave Nanna Olave"
|-
| "Nanna Preethiya Devathe"
|-
| "Gudiya Ganteyu"
|-
| "Ninna Preethiya"
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Parva (2002 film)|Parva]]''
| "Sadhane Paramapada"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Pallavi Thaane"
|-
! ''[[Prema (2002 film)|Prema]]''
| "Ago Ago Kogile"
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''Sainika''
| "Soldier Soldier"
|rowspan="3"| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Gombe Gombe"
| Sriranga
|-
| "Oh Chinna Chinna"
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Simhadriya Simha]]''
| "Barthanavva Bhupa"
|rowspan="2"| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. Narayan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Yajamana Yajamana"
|-
! ''Tapori''
| "Raathrige Obba"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Thavarige Baa Thangi]]''
| "Ravivarma Baro Baro"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Jaana Mari Jaana Mari"
|
|-
| "Mutthaide Maathanu"
| [[Chethan Sosca]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''Vishwamithra''
| "Mellusire Savi Mohana"
|rowspan="3"| [[Upendra Kumar]]
|rowspan="3"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| Badri Prasad
|-
| "O Geleya"
|
|-
| "Olavina Geleyana"
|
|-
|}

====2003====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Ananda (film)|Ananda]]''
| "Yaaradaroo Kandeera"
| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
! ''[[Annavru]]''
| "Nanna Jeevave"
| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
! ''Bala Shiva''
| "Natana Visharada"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| Uma Shivanand
| Shankar Shanbog
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Chandra Chakori]]''
| "Aaha Jhum Taka"
|rowspan="3"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. Narayan]]
|
|-
| "Kuhoo Kuhoo Kogile"
|
|-
| "Kuhoo Kuhoo Kogile "
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
! ''[[Daasa]]''
| "Nannusire"
| [[Sadhu Kokila]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Dhad Dhad''
| "Hey Hey Hrudayave"
|rowspan="2"| Madhukar
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
| "Jeenkarisi"
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
|-
! ''[[Gokarna (film)|Gokarna]]''
| "Jwara Illade"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''Heart Beats''
| "Thangali Ellinda"
| Venkat-Narayan
| Thangali Nagaraj
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Hrudayavantha]]''
| "Jumu Jumu Jumutha"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Annayya Hrudayavantha"
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Ghama Ghama"
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Hudugigagi''
| "Baaro Chora"
|rowspan="2"| Babji - Sandeep
|rowspan="2"| [[Shashank (director)|Shashank]]
|
|-
| "Ee Usiru"
| Bobby
|-
! ''[[Khushi (2003 Kannada film)|Khushi]]''
| "Dinavella Hasivilla"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Kiccha]]''
| "Meghakke Megha"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Nanna Kasthoori"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''[[Kushalave Kshemave]]''
| "Nannolave Nannolave"
| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Laali Haadu]]''
| "Olave Nannolave"
| [[Sadhu Kokila]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
! ''Lovve Pasagali''
| "Giridhara Muraliya"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
|
|-
! ''[[Mani (2003 film)|Mani]]''
| "Rattho Rattho"
| Raja
| [[Yogaraj Bhat]]
|
|-
! ''[[Ondagona Baa]]''
| "Ajja Alad Mara"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Pakka Chukka]]''
| "Yavva Yavva Enayitu"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. Narayan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. Narayan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Ghal Ghal Ghal"
|-
! ''Panchali''
| "Ku Ku"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Paris Pranaya]]''
| "Dig Dig Diganthadaachege"
|rowspan="2"| Stephen Prayog
|rowspan="2"| [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]]
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
| "Aa Biliyara Deshada"
| [[Madhu Balakrishnan]], [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''Prathidhwani''
| "Bangara Belli Yeke"
| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[L. N. Shastri]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Preethi Prema Pranaya]]''
| "Sundara Sundara Lokavidu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Mano Murthy]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
| "Ellidde Illi Thanka"
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| Ram Prasad
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Sacchi''
| "Enagide Nange"
|rowspan="2"| [[Gurukiran]]
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Nanda Kishora"
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Singaaravva]]''
| "Baarappa Soorappa"
|rowspan="3"| [[C. Ashwath]]
|rowspan="3"| Gopal Vajpayee
| [[C. Ashwath]]
|-
| "Kuni Kunidu"
|
|-
| "Ee Manada"
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Smile (2003 film)|Smile]]''
| "Chile Chilipile"
|rowspan="3"| [[V. Manohar]]
|rowspan="3"| [[V. Manohar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Hey Kan Kan"
|
|-
| "Kaarirulige"
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Swathi Muthu]]''
| "Manasu Bareda"
|rowspan="3"| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
|rowspan="3"| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Suvvi Suvvi"
|-
| "Sri Chakradharige"
|
|-
!rowspan="5"| ''[[Thayi Illada Thabbali]]''
| "Doori Doori"
|rowspan="5"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="5"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
| "Ninna Netthimyaale"
| [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
|-
| "Thayi Illa Thavaru Illa"
|
|-
| "Eluthale Eddu"
|
|-
| "Doori Doori"
|
|-
|}

====2004====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Apthamitra]]''
| "Anku Donku"
|rowspan="2"| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[V. Manohar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Pata Pata"
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''Abbabba Entha Huduga''
| "Say Say Say Endide"
| Suresh Kumar
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Baa Baaro Rasika]]''
| "Hotthu Gotthu"
| Mahesh
| Manjunath Rao
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''Bidalare''
| "Yenu Naguve"
|rowspan="3"| K. M. Indra
|rowspan="3"| K. M. Indra
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Sooryana Kivi Hindi"
|
|-
| "Karibasava"
|
|-
! ''[[Darshan (2004 film)|Darshan]]''
| "Thangali Thangali"
| [[Sadhu Kokila]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Sadhu Kokila]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Hendthi Andre Hendthi''
| "Jeeva Gange"
|rowspan="2"| Gopikrishna
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Vandane Hrudayave"
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Jyeshta (film)|Jyeshta]]''
| "O Kanchana"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Naaleya Nambikeyu"
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Kadamba (2004 film)|Kadamba]]''
| "Yaamini Yaramma Neenu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Chukki Chukki Chukki"
|-
! ''[[Kalasipalya (film)|Kalasipalya]]''
| "Kencha O Kencha"
| [[Sadhu Kokila]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''Kanakambari''
| "Thangaali Naa"
| Praveen D. Rao
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
! ''[[Kanti (film)|Kanti]]''
| "Jinu Jinugo"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Malla (film)|Malla]]''
| "Ee Preethiya Marethu"
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Ravichandran (actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Ravichandran (actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Bangadi"
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Monalisa (film)|Monalisa]]''
| "Monalisa Monalisa"
|rowspan="2"| Valisha - Sandeep
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Vasundhara Das]]
|-
| "Nannusiru Neene"
| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
|
|-
! ''[[Maurya (film)|Maurya]]''
| "Pilla Pilla Telugu Pilla"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''Om Ganesha''
| "Manase Manase"
| M. N. Krupakar
| M. N. Krupakar
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''Preethi Nee Illade Naa Hegirali''
| "Sangathi Ninna Preethiyalli"
| [[L. N. Shastri]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Ramakrishna (2004 Kannada film)|Rama Krishna]]''
| "Gandhadagudi"
|rowspan="3"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="3"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Halli Hudugi"
|
|-
| "Halli Hudugi (sad)"
|
|-
! ''[[Ranga SSLC]]''
| "Manase Manase"
| [[Sandeep Chowta]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Sahukara]]''
| "Thunta Thunta Thunta"
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| "Maleyaaliya Pada"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Sakhi''
| "Nannase Hoove"
|rowspan="2"| [[L. N. Shastri]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Swagatha"
|
|-
! ''[[Saradara]]''
| "Kanninalli Preethi Ide"
| Venkat - Narayan
| Dwaraki
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Sarvabhouma]]''
| "Kal Nanmagandi Prema"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''Thali Kattuva Shubhavele''
| "Cheluvanu Arasutha"
|rowspan="3"| Robin Gurung
|rowspan="2"| M. N. Vyasa Rao
|
|-
| "Olavina Madhuvana"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Edeyalli Hithavada"
| Shyamsundar Kulkarni
| [[Suresh Wadkar]]
|-
! ''Y2K''
| "Suryane Niyamava Daati"
| [[Sadhu Kokila]]
| Ram Narayan
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
|}

====2005====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Aakash (film)|Aakash]]''
| "Aaha Entha Aa Kshana"
| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Anna Thangi (2005 film)|Anna Thangi]]''
| "Anna Thangiyara Anubandha"
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Dum Dum Dum Thavaralli"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Thavarumane Eega"
| [[Madhu Balakrishnan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
| "Anna Nammavanaadaru"
|
|-
! ''[[Auto Shankar (film)|Auto Shankar]]''
| "Kachhi Kachhi Ninna"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''Boyfriend''
| "Chandira Chandira"
| K. M. Indra
| K. M. Indra
|
|-
! ''[[Gowramma]]''
| "Ondu Sari Helibidu"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''Green Signal''
| "O Sakhi O Sakhi"
| Venkat - Narayan
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| Ramesh Chandra
|-
! ''[[Gunna (film)|Gunna]]''
| "O My Love"
| Mahesh
| Dwarki
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Hai Chinnu''
| "Jeerige Bellana Haakuva"
|rowspan="2"| Gopikrishna
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| "Preethi Solode"
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Inspector Jhansi''
| "Om Namo Namo"
|rowspan="2"| Dilip Sen - Sameer Sen
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
| "Praya Praya"
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Kashi from Village]]''
| "Ye Kicchha Kicchha"
|rowspan="2"| [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Goli Maaro"
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Love Story (2005 film)|Love Story]]''
| "Nanna Ninna Prema Geethe"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
| "Hagaluntu Suryanige"
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Maharaja (2005 film)|Maharaja]]''
| "Kandamma Kandamma"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
| "Kandamma Kandamma (bit)"
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Mahasadhvi Mallamma]]''
| "Om Shrishaila Vaasaya"
|rowspan="3"| Shrishaila
| Goturi
|
|-
| "Sharanembenu"
| Bharath Gowda
|
|-
| "Navarasa Natya"
| Srichandra
| B. Prasath
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Nammanna]]''
| "Chellu Chellu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Gurukiran]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| "Olave Kele"
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Nenapirali]]''
| "Olavu Ontiyalla"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Chethan Sosca]], Ravi Shankar
|-
| "Preethi Paatavalla"
|-
| "Indu Baanigella Habba"
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Pandu Ranga Vittala]]''
| "Thattu Thattu"
|rowspan="3"| [[V. Ravichandran (actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
|rowspan="3"| [[V. Ravichandran (actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
|-
| "Muttu Muttu"
|-
| "Bangaadi Meenu"
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
! ''[[Rama Shama Bhama]]''
| "Pade Pade Nenapade"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| Ramesh Chandra
|-
! ''[[Rishi (2005 film)|Rishi]]''
| "Ellellu Habba Habba"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[V. Manohar]]
| [[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
! ''[[Shambu (2005 film)|Shambu]]''
| "Radhe Radhe Jeevava"
| Ramesh Krishnan
| Anand
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Siddu (film)|Siddu]]''
| "Nee Sheetala"
| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Siri Chandana''
| "Hayagide Ee Thanu Mana"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Yaaritta Shapakke"
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
|
|-
! ''[[Sye (2005 film)|Sye]]''
| "Koo Koo Maina"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Thunta''
| "Dede Dede"
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Ravichandran (actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Ravichandran (actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Preethsona Baa"
|-
! ''Ugra Narasimha''
| "Phalaku Nageya"
| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| Mohan
|
|-
! ''[[Valmiki (2005 film)|Valmiki]]''
| "Chumma Chumma"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[V. Manohar]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''[[Varsha (2005 film)|Varsha]]''
| "Kanneerige Kanneerenu"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Vishnu Sena]]''
| "Benkikaddi Hachchi"
| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|}

====2006====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Shri (film)|Shri]]''
| "Yaaro Neenu"
|rowspan="2"| Valisha - Sandeep
|rowspan="2"| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Deepa Deepa"
|-
! ''Veeru''
| "Yello Jogappa"
| [[Anoop Seelin]]
| [[S. Narayan]]
|
|-
! ''Eesha''
| "Raagake Swaravaagi"
| Teja
| Teja
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[7 O' Clock]]''
| "Ee Lokavannu"
| M. S. Madhukar
| K. Ram Narayan
|
|-
! ''[[My Autograph]]''
| "Araluva Hoovugale"
| [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
! ''[[Suntaragaali]]''
| "Ninnaane Ninnaane"
| [[Sadhu Kokila]]
| Ranganath
| [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|-
! ''Hettavara Kanasu''
| "Atthe Ninage Eega"
| [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
! ''[[Hatavadi]]''
| "Chali Chali"
| [[V. Ravichandran (actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
| [[V. Ravichandran (actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Thandege Thakka Maga]]''
| "Jajiya Hoovu Anda"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="3"|''[[Shubham (film)|Shubham]]''
| "Ee Dhamani Dhamani"
|rowspan="3"| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Ee Mounava"
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|-
| "Hani Hani Ibbani"
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
|
|-
! ''[[Sevanthi Sevanthi]]''
| "Maayadanta Male"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| Traditional
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Ambi (film)|Ambi]]''
| "Hey Hrudaya"
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Manasige Manasige"
|-
! ''[[Ajay (2006 film)|Ajay]]''
| "Enayitu Nanageedina"
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|-
! ''Belli Betta''
| "Thaye Hele Mallige"
| A. T. Raveesh
| Basavaraj
|
|-
! ''[[Thavarina Siri]]''
| "Aakashadina Ilida Apsare"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|-
! ''[[Honeymoon Express (2006 film)|Honeymoon Express]]''
| "Layi Layi"
| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''[[Gandugali Kumara Rama]]''
| "O Prema"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| M. N. Vyasa Rao
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Odahuttidavalu]]''
| "Baaro Baaro Maava"
| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Sirivantha]]''
| "Koosu Mari"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Megha Megha"
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
! ''[[Ravi Shastri (film)|Ravi Shastri]]''
| "Sangeetha"
| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| M. N. Vyasa Rao
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Tananam Tananam]]''
| "Koogalatheya Dooradalli"
|rowspan="4"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="4"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Cheluvantha Rajakumari"
| [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|-
| "Kande Kande Govindana"
| Ajay Warrier
|-
| "Tananam Tananam"
|
|-
! ''Student''
| "Ee Ninna Kalgejje"
| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''Nage Habba''
| "Ninnadake Vaiyyarake"
| S. Adarsha
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Kallarali Hoovagi]]''
| "Ninna Nenapinali"
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Alimola Alimola"
|-
| "Nanna Nechhina Koteya"
| [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|-
|}

====2007====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Sixer (2007 film)|Sixer]]''
| "Mel Preethi"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[J. Anoop Seelin]]
|-
! ''[[Thayiya Madilu]]''
| "Malavalli Malli"
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
! ''[[Arasu (2007 film)|Arasu]]''
| "Preethi Preethi Ninna"
| [[Joshua Sridhar]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Thangiya Mane''
| "Neeragi Nelavannu"
|rowspan="2"| Raju Upendra
|rowspan="2"| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
|
|-
| "Ee Hennina Jeevana"
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Bhoopathi (2007 film)|Bhoopathi]]''
| "Chandrana Thangi"
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Harikrishna]]
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
| "San Sanana Re"
|
|-
! ''[[SMS 6260]]''
| "Kannada Thayiya Madilalli"
| Ravi Dattatreya
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| Narayanan Ravindranathan
|-
! ''[[Parodi (film)|Parodi]]''
| "Huttiruva Manege"
| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| M. N. Vyasa Rao
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Ekadantha]]''
| "Ganapati Bappa"
|rowspan="2"| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[V. Manohar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Ekadantha"
| Goturi
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Preethigaagi]]''
| "Ananda Nammi Maneyalli"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[S. A. Rajkumar]], Prasanna
|-
| "Ee Preethi Manasugalu"
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
! ''Ee Preethi Ontara''
| "Ee Preethi Ontara"
| Shameer
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
! ''[[Soundarya (film)|Soundarya]]''
| "Soundarya Soundarya"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
! ''[[Masti (2007 film)|Masti]]''
| "Raviye Vandane"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
! ''[[Pallakki]]''
| "O Priya"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Amrutha Vaani]]''
| "Hrudaya Haaduthide"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Venkatesh]]
| M. N. Vyasa Rao
| [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|-
| "Hoovige Dumbee"
| [[Doddarange Gowda]]
| [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Kshana Kshana]]''
| "Ondu Kotre"
| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''[[Hudugaata]]''
| "Are Are Saaguthide"
| [[Jassie Gift]]
| [[Jayanth Kaikini]]
| [[Naresh Iyer]]
|-
! ''[[Jambada Hudugi]]''
| "Bhoomi Yathe Neenu"
| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Ugadi (2007 film)|Ugadi]]''
| "Preethisuve Ninna"
|rowspan="3"| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
|rowspan="3"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Preethi Endare"
|
|-
| "Naa Nannagenu"
|
|-
! ''Thamashegagi''
| "Rangeela"
| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Snehana Preethina]]''
| "Jagave Barali"
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Harikrishna]]
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[SPB Charan]], Janani
|-
| "Yaaru Ee Bhoomige"
|
|-
! ''[[Ninade Nenapu]]''
| "Ibbaniyalli Mindide"
| Ram Sampath
| Vishweshwara Bhat
|
|-
! ''[[Nali Naliyutha]]''
| "Anandada Dumbi"
| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
! ''[[Milana (film)|Milana]]''
| "Antu Intu Preethi Bantu"
| [[Mano Murthy]]
| [[Jayanth Kaikini]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Chanda (2007 film)|Chanda]]''
| "Savi Savi"
|rowspan="3"| [[S. Narayan]]
|rowspan="3"| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
|-
| "Hogu Manase"
| [[S. Narayan]]
|-
| "Hogonammi"
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Orata I Love You]]''
| "Saddu Saddu"
| G. R. Shankar
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Hetthare Hennane Herabeku''
| "Thayi Thande Emba"
|rowspan="2"| [[Mano Murthy]]
| Hrudaya Shiva
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Onde Suryana"
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Gunavantha]]''
| "Kolle Nanna"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Hogu Hogu"
| [[Harish Raghavendra]]
|-
! ''[[Naanu Neenu Jodi]]''
| "Kagadada Doni"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Ee Preethi Yeke Bhoomi Melide]]''
| "Neenene Neenene"
|rowspan="2"| [[R. P. Patnaik]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Roop Kumar Rathod]]
|-
| "Oh Huduga"
| [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|}

====2008====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Gaja (film)|Gaja]]''
| "Lambuji"
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Harikrishna]]
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
|-
| "Srikaarane"
|
|-
! ''[[Gaalipata]]''
| "Nadheem Dheem Tana"
| [[V. Harikrishna]]
| [[Yogaraj Bhat]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|''[[Honganasu]]''
| "Lagge Lagge Sahyadrige"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
| "Baa Nagu Nanondige"
| [[Vijay Yesudas]]
|-
! ''[[Beladingalagi Baa]]''
| "Saari Saari Naa"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''[[Yuga Yugagale Saagali]]''
| "Nava Pallaviya"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''Marujanma''
| "Chendulli"
| Sri Murali
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
! ''Varasdhaara''
| "Enidu Indu"
| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| Shivu Jhamkandi
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Gooli]]''
| "Kaddu Kaddu"
|rowspan="2"| [[Anoop Seelin]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Dealige Dealu"
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[P. N. Sathya]]
|-
! ''[[Satya in Love]]''
| "Rama Srirama"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
|
|-
! ''Chilipili Hakkigalu''
| "Guruve"
| [[V. Manohar]]
| C. S. Mahalakshmi
|
|-
!rowspan="6"| ''[[Akasha Gange]]''
| "Malli Malli"
|rowspan="6"| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|rowspan="6"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Belagutide"
|
|-
| "Lalli Lalli"
|
|-
| "Nanagagi Ninagagi"
|
|-
| "Nanna Kannu Neenu"
|
|-
| "Kuhu Kogile"
|
|-
! ''[[Kaamannana Makkalu]]''
| "Nanna Kanase"
| [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| [[Jayanth Kaikini]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
! ''[[Nee Tata Naa Birla]]''
| "Mutthu Kodala"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| Hrudaya Shiva
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Moggina Manasu]]''
| "Geleya Beku"
| [[Mano Murthy]]
| [[Jayanth Kaikini]]
| [[Priya Himesh]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Chaitrada Chandrama]]''
| "Milana Kaano"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. Narayan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[Chetan Sosca]]
|-
| "O Jeevada Gelathi"
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
! ''Dheemaku''
| "Huchcha Annu"
| [[Arjun Janya]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''[[Patre Loves Padma]]''
| "Hingyaake"
| [[Arjun Janya]]
| Chandrashekar Srivastav
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
! ''PUC''
| "Priya Geleya"
| J. Raviraj
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
|-
! ''[[Baa Bega Chandamama]]''
| "Ellindalo Thangali"
| Murali
| Bhangi Ranga
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Premigagi Naa]]''
| "Naa Haduve"
|rowspan="2"| [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Preethiya Sundara"
|-
! ''[[Nannusire]]''
| "Ninagaagiye Ninagaagiye"
| [[Premji Amaren]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| Sri Ram
|-
! ''[[Maharshi (2008 film)|Maharshi]]''
| "Kalyana Rekhe"
| Sri Murali
| Hrudaya Shiva
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''Bidda''
| "Luckynova Raja"
| Venkat Narayan
| Thangali Nagaraj
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Ganga Kaveri]]''
| "Ninnalu Nannalu"
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
|rowspan="2"| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Moggina Manasina"
| Ajay Warrier
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Akka Thangi]]''
| "Dharani Mandala"
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Manohar]]
| [[S. Mahendar]]
|
|-
| "Thangaali"
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
! ''[[Paramesha Panwala]]''
| "Thuntarama Puttarama"
| [[V. Harikrishna]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''[[Neenyare]]''
| "Nee Andharenu"
| [[V. Manohar]]
| [[V. Manohar]]
|
|-
|}

====2009====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Gulama]]''
| "Snehithane Snehithane"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Tushar Ranganath]]
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''10th Class A Sec''
| "Helokagthilla"
|rowspan="2"| R. N. Abhilash
| Harishrunga
| [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|-
| "Bannisalaguvude"
| Hrudaya Shiva
| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
! ''[[Ambari (film)|Ambari]]''
| "Aakasha Neene"
| [[V. Harikrishna]]
| [[Jayanth Kaikini]]
|
|-
! ''[[Anjadiru]]''
| "Preethi Beku"
| [[Sundar C Babu]]
| Panchajanya
|
|-
! ''[[Bellary Naga]]''
| "Sanjeya Thampinalu"
| [[L. N. Shastri]]
| [[V. Manohar]]
|
|-
! ''[[Bhagyada Balegara]]''
| "Madhu Magalu"
| [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
! ''[[Birugaali]]''
| "Jojo Laali"
| [[Arjun Janya]]
| Ranganath
|
|-
! ''Chandragiri Rahasya''
| "Preethiya Kadalli"
| G. Shekar
| Giri
| Jayadev
|-
! ''Chellidaru Sampigeya''
| "Ararare Hrudaya"
| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[Kumar Sanu]]
|-
! ''[[Chickpete Sachagalu]]''
| "Navile Navile"
| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[S. Narayan]]
| [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|-
!rowspan="4"| ''[[Devaru Kotta Thangi (2009 film)|Devaru Kotta Thangi]]''
| "Obba Thangi Mado Habba"
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
| "Devaru Kotta Thangi"
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
| "Nanna Netthige Mutthitta"
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|-
| "Ee Loka Katthale"
| [[C. Ashwath]], [[Vijay Yesudas]], Usha, Nandini Hamsalekha
|-
! ''[[Ee Sambhashane]]''
| "Munjane Mussanje"
| [[V. Manohar]]
| [[V. Manohar]]
|
|-
! ''[[Hushaar]]''
| "Ninna Kandare"
| S. Adarsh
| S. Adarsh
|
|-
! ''[[Jaaji Mallige]]''
| "Mogava Nee Noduveyeke"
| [[Sadhu Kokila]]
| Ram Narayan
| [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|-
! ''[[Kabaddi (2009 film)|Kabaddi]]''
| "Mutthe Mutthe"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Kempa (film)|Kempa]]''
| "Andu Omme"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|-
! ''Machcha''
| "Yaroo Preethi Thanda"
| [[Arjun Janya]]
| Malavalli Saikrishna
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Namyajamanru]]''
| "Dundu Bhoomige"
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Ee Mouna"
| Badri Prasad, [[Anuradha Bhat]]
|-
! ''[[Nannedeya Haadu]]''
| "Yeranneri Holeva"
| A. T. Raveesh
| Sridhar Koteshwara
|
|-
!rowspan="3"| ''[[Ninagaagi Kaadiruve]]''
| "Bahumanavade Neenu"
|rowspan="3"| Robin Gurung
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
|-
| "Bahumanavade Neenu (solo)"
|
|-
| "Jhum Jhummennuva"
| Srichandra
|
|-
! ''[[Salute (2009 film)|Salute]]''
| "Heegene Onchooru"
| [[Sai Karthik]]
| [[Jayanth Kaikini]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Seena (film)|Seena]]''
| "Jeeva Midiyuthide"
| A. T. Raveesh
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Shishira (film)|Shishira]]''
| "Elliruve Hegiruve"
|rowspan="2"| [[B. Ajaneesh Lokanath]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
| "Thumbu Hunnimeyali"
| Prof M. Krishnegowda
|
|-
! ''Thabbali''
| "Jolaali Jo"
| A. M. Neel
| Sridevi
|
|-
! ''[[Yodha (2009 film)|Yodha]]''
| "Namm India"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
|
|-
|}

===2010s===
====2010====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Samagama]]''
| "O Nanna Preethiya"
| Kiran
| Subraya Chokkadi
|
|-
! ''[[Preethiya Theru]]''
| "Yenidennu Maya"
| Prasad
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Vijay Yesudas]]
|-
! ''[[School Master (2010 film)|School Master]]''
| "Chinnumari Pappumari"
| [[V. Sridhar]]
| [[V. Manohar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Jugaari]]''
| "Ninna Naanu Nodovaregu"
| [[Arjun Janya]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Premism]]''
| "Arashina Kumkuma"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
|
|-
! ''[[Kutti Pisasu|Bombat Car]]''
| "Nanna Muddu Thangi"
| [[Deva (music director)|Deva]]
| Dwarki Raghava
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Shankar IPS]]''
| "Chumbaka"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Vijay Prakash]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Hoo (film)|Hoo]]''
| "Sarigama Sari"
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Harikrishna]]
|rowspan="2"| [[V. Ravichandran (actor)|V. Ravichandran]]
|rowspan="2"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Dheem Dheem"
|-
! ''Sanchaari''
| "Bhoomi Sutthodu"
| [[Arjun Janya]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Sonu Nigam]]
|-
! ''[[Mathe Mungaru]]''
| "Hey Janmabhoomi"
| Paul Raj
| Dwarki Raghava
| [[Vijay Prakash]]
|-
! ''[[Preethi Hangama]]''
| "Himse Himse"
| Raj Kiran
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Jothegara]]''
| "Muthaiderella Seri"
| Sujeeth Shetty
| Jhamkandi Shivu
| [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Bisile]]''
| "Kanda Kanasugalu"
| Gagan Baderiya
| [[K. Kalyan]]
|
|-
! ''[[Mylari]]''
| "Ghallu Ghallenutha"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|}

====2011====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Sri Naga Shakthi]]''
| "Shubhadaayini"
|rowspan="2"| Sri Ganesh
|rowspan="2"| Goturi
| Remo
|-
| "Sri Nagashakthiye"
|
|-
! ''[[Ee Sanje]]''
| "Eno Onthara"
| Jai Shiva
| Hemanth Das
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
! ''[[Kalgejje]]''
| "Yeko Hrudaya"
| Gandharva
| Gandharva
|
|-
! ''[[Shravana (film)|Shravana]]''
| "Kanasugala Koteyalli"
| Karthik Bhoopathi
| B. S. Rajashekar
| Vaishali sisters
|-
! ''Hori''
| "Kogilegu"
| Renukumar
| V. Srikanth
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
! ''Atheetha''
| "Mathe Mathe Nodthale"
| Emil
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Hemanth Kumar]]
|-
! ''[[Vinayaka Geleyara Balaga]]''
| "Ondinchu Kannalli"
| [[V. Harikrishna]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Vijay Prakash]]
|-
! ''[[Taare]]''
| "Manasaare"
| C. R. Bobby
| Hrudaya Shiva
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
|}

====2012====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Tsunami''
| "Mailaari"
|rowspan="2"| Sadguna Raj
|rowspan="2"| Sri Manohar
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
| "Male Male"
| [[L. N. Shastry]]
|-
! ''[[Arakshaka]]''
| "Kuch Kuch"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Vijay Yesudas]]
|-
! ''Silence''
| "Jayamalini Neenena"
| Vijaya Bharathi
| Kannadiga Shivu
| [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
|-
! ''Paper Doni''
| "Helalu Aagadu"
| Srisuman
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''Preethiya Loka''
| "Baanalli Theli Hodanthe"
| Sai Kiran
| Ravishankar Nag
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[18th Cross]]''
| "Suriyo Suriyo"
| [[Arjun Janya]]
| Shivananje Gowda
| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Gokula Krishna]]''
| "Idhu Preethi Ennale"
|rowspan="2"| [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| Hrudaya Shiva
|
|-
| "Taju Mahalige Belliya"
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
! ''[[Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna (2012 film)|Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna]]''
| "Nannede Veene"
| Yashovardhan
| Keshavadithya
| [[Sonu Nigam]], Prakash Sontakke
|-
|}

====2013====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Ee Bhoomi Aa Bhanu]]''
| "Anudina Neenu"
| S. Prem Kumar
| Siddalingaiah
| S. Prem Kumar
|-
! ''[[Chandra (film)|Chandra]]''
| "Omkaradalli Jhenkara Ivanu"
| Gautham Srivatsa
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Nanda Gokula''
| "Mohana Raaga"
|rowspan="2"| Madan Mohan
|rowspan="2"| Narasimha M. Joshi
|
|-
| "Kanmuchchi Kandantha"
| Madan Mohan
|-
|}

====2014====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Love in Mandya]]''
| "Ondu Aparoopada Gaana"
| [[Anoop Seelin]]
| Arasu Anthare
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''[[Baanaadi]]''
| "Bhoomi Ninna Thaayi"
| Karthik Sharma
| M. N. Vyasa Rao
|
|-
|}

====2015====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''Mirchi Mandakki Kadak Chai''
| "Haage Bandu"
| Harikavya
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
|-
! ''Om Namaha''
| "Shuruna Shuruna"
| [[Arjun Janya]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
|
|-
! ''[[Ganga (2015 film)|Ganga]]''
| "Chukki Chukki"
| [[Arjun Janya]]
| [[K. Kalyan]]
| [[Anuradha Bhat]]
|-
! ''Prema Pallakki''
| "Sammathiya Kelade"
| Vineeth Raj
| M. R. Shekar
|
|-
|}

====2016====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''[[Priyanka (2016 film)|Priyanka]]''
| "Gange Thaayaane"
|rowspan="2"| M. N. Krupakar
|rowspan="2"| Keshav Chandra
|rowspan="2"| [[Unni Menon]]
|-
| "O Geleya"
|-
! ''[[Jessie (film)|Jessie]]''
| "Maaye Neenondu Maaye"
| [[Anoop Seelin]]
| [[Jayanth Kaikini]]
| Siddhartha Belmannu
|-
|}

====2017====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Urvi (film)|Urvi]]''
| "Kanna Hani"
| [[Manoj George]]
| Suvarna Sharma
|
|-
|}

====2018====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''[[Brihaspathi (film)|Brihaspathi]]''
| "Amma Nannamma"
| [[V. Harikrishna]]
| Pradyumna
| [[Santhosh Venky]]
|-
! ''Nanagishta''
| "Yaaro Bhoomige Hore"
| [[Nanditha (singer)|Nanditha Rakesh]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Edakallu Guddada Mele''
| "Amma"
|rowspan="2"|Ashik Arun
| Kiran Kaverappa
|
|-
| "Nee Kareda"
| Do Rah
|
|-
|}

====2019====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=20% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=16% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
! ''Kaddu Muchchi''
| "Date Guarantee"
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[Hamsalekha]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
!rowspan="2"| ''Ombathane Adbhutha''
| "Shuruvayitu Eno"
|rowspan="2"|Sunil Koshy
|rowspan="2"|Venu Krishna
| Sunil Koshy
|-
| "Shuruvayitu Eno - Solo"
|
|-
|}

===2020s===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="100%"
! scope="col" width=10% | Year
! scope="col" width=23% | Film
! scope="col" width=23% | Song
! scope="col" width=15% | Composer(s)
! scope="col" width=15% | Writer(s)
! scope="col" width=18% | Co-artist(s)
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2020
!rowspan="2"| ''[[3rd Class]]''
| "Yaaro Yaaro"
|rowspan="2"| [[Jassie Gift]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
|
|-
| "Dayamadi Nanna"
| Jassie Gift
|-
| 2021
! ''[[Kotigobba 3]]''
| "Kanda Kanda"
| [[Arjun Janya]]
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
|
|-
| 2023
! ''South Indian Hero''
| "Savi Saviyo"
| Harshavardhan Raj
| Eeshwar Shyamarao
| [[Yazin Nizar]]
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2024
! ''[[Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi]]''
| "Ninna Hegalu"
| [[Arjun Janya]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
|
|-
! ''The Rulers''
| "Nanna Muddu Kanda"
| Karun KGF
| [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
|
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2025
! ''1990's''
| "Male Haniye"
| E. C. Maha Raja
| Mohini Sachin Amin
| E. C. Maha Raja
|-
! ''Jai Gadakesari''
| "Ee Manada"
| Karthik Venkatesh
| Karthik Venkatesh
|
|-
! ''[[Love You Muddu]]''
| "Eegeega Nanagantu"
| [[Aniruddha Sastry]]
| Siddu Kodipura
| [[Aniruddha Sastry]]
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2026
! ''[[Raktha Kashmira]]''
| "Kashmira"
| [[Gurukiran]]
| [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
|}

== Bengali songs ==
'''This is Incomplete list'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
!Film
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
| rowspan=6| 1994
! Rowspan=6| ''Naag Panchami''
| "Aayre Bosonto Aay"
| rowspan=6| Prafulla Kar
| rowspan=4| S P Balasubrahmanyam
|-
| "Jonmo Jonmo Nebo tomay Cheye"
|-
| "Dialogues"
|-
| "Boudi Gorom Dudhta Kheye Nao"
|-
|"Chal Chal Haati Tui"
| rowspan=2| solo
|-
|"Nag Panchami"
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1999
! rowspan="4" |''[[Shudhu Ekbar Bolo]]''
|"Bolo Sudhu Ek Baar"
| rowspan="4" |Babul Bose
| rowspan="4" |[[Babul Supriyo]]
|-
|"Hey Gore Gore America"
|-
|"Kokila Kokila Tu Gaye"
|-
|"Oh Daddy Daddy"
|}

== Odia songs ==
'''This is Incomplete list'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
!Film
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1992
! rowspan="2" |''Naga Panchami''
|"Mani Nageshwari"
| rowspan="2" |[[Prafulla Kar]]
|
|-
|"Zanama Zanama"
|Mahaprasad Kar
|-
| rowspan="2" |1994
! rowspan="2" |''Pacheri Uthila Majhi Duaru''
|"Sajani Mo Sajani"
| rowspan="2" |[[Prafulla Kar]]
| rowspan="2" |Debasish
|-
|"To Premare"
|-
| rowspan="3" |1995
! rowspan="3" |''Mani Nageswari''
|"Kana Kalu Kana Kalu"
| rowspan="3" |[[Akshaya Mohanty]]
|
|-
|"He Naga Mata"
|
|-
|"Ete Dina Gala Pare"
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |1999
! rowspan="2" |''Sarpanch Babu''
|"Sundara Muhan Ku"
| rowspan="2" |[[Amarendra Mohanty]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
|"Dauna Dauna"
|-
! rowspan="4" |''Sasu Hatakadi Bhauja Bedi''
|"Suna Ama Ghara"
| rowspan="4" |[[Akshaya Mohanty]]
|Bhibu Das
|-
|"Ku Ku Ku Ku Kuhu"
| rowspan="2" |Badri Narayan Mohanty
|-
|"Fusuru Fusuru"
|-
|"Chuna Hela Ei Sunara"
|
|}

== Tulu songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Year
!Movie
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
| 2014
!''[[Madime]]''
|"Taka Taka"
|A K Vijay
|Solo
|}

== Marathi songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
!Year
! Film
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Writer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
|2023
!''Ratricha Paus''
|"Tula Mi"
|Pranav Jantikar
|Parijit Khokle
|Pranav Jantikar
|-
| rowspan="3”|2025
! rowspan="3”|”Majhi Prarthana”
|"Tujhya Premachi”
|Viswajith C. T.
|Padmaraj Rajgopal Nair
|solo
|-
| “Me Jagtoy Karan”
| Viswajith C. T.
| Padmaraj Rajgopal Nair
| Viswajith C. T.
|-
| ”Sangayche Aahe”
| Vishwajith C. T.
| Padmaraj Rajgopal Nair
| Vishwajith C. T.
|}

== Punjabi songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Year
!Album
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
| 2000
![[Sunset Point (album)|Sunset Point]]
|"Pakhiyan Ve"
|[[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
|Solo
|-
| 1995
| [[Maaman Magal (1995 film)|Maaman Magal]]
| Choori Choori chupke chupke
| [[Adithyan]]
| [[Gurdas Mann]]
|}

== Rajasthani songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Year
!Album
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
| 2000
!'''[[Piya Basanti]]'''
|"Rangeelo Rut" “Sawan Rut Ayi”
|[[Sandesh Shandilya]]
|[[Ustad Sultan Khan]]
|-
| 2006
!'''[[Ustad And The Divas]]'''
|"Thaari Ghoomar Chay"
|[[Sandesh Shandilya]]
|[[Ustad Sultan Khan]]

|}

== English songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Year
!Album / Film
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
| 2005
!'''Heart Beats'''
|"Wake Me Up"
|[[Balabhaskar]]
|'''George Peters'''
|-
| 2009
! [[Fantasy Ride]]
|"Turn Tables"
| [[Ciara]]
| [[Ciara]]
|-
| 2010
!'''[[The Imagine Project]]'''
|"The Song Goes on"
|[[Herbie Hancock]]
|[[Chaka Khan]], [[Anoushka Shankar]], [[Wayne Shorter]]
|-
| 2014
!'''[[Million Dollar Arm]]'''
|"Unborn Child"
|[[A R Rahman]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|}

== Latin songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Year
!Album / Film
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
| 2005
!'''Gloria'''
|"Adeste Fideles" “Laudate dominum”
|[[Jerry Amaldev]]
|'''Chorous'''
|-
|}

== Arabic songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Year
!Album / Film
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Co-artist(s)
|-
| 2009
!'''Amrelhob'''
|"Amrelhob"
|'''Jawed Al Ali'''
|'''Jawed Al Ali'''
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{K S Chithra}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chithra, K. S.}}
[[Category:Lists of songs recorded by K. S. Chithra|Tamil]]
[[Category:Songs in Tamil|Chithra, K S]]
[[Category:Lists of songs recorded by Indian singers|Chithra, K S]]

Sri Narayana Jayanthi

2026-03-08T23:48:26Z

RowenaGlenny3: page fix

{{Short description|State festival of Kerala, India}}
{{Multiple issues|{{nofootnotes|date=July 2019}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
[[File:Narayana Guru.jpg|180px|thumb|right|[[Sri Narayana Guru]], spiritual Guru]]

[[File:Nara mangalore.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Guru Jayanthi celebration at [[Gokarnanatheshwara Temple]], [[Mangalore]], Karnataka, India]]

'''Sri Narayana Jayanthi''' is a state festival of Kerala. It is celebrated on Chathayam day during the Onam season in Chingam month of Malayalam calendar. It marks the birthday of [[Narayana Guru]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_of_Cities_and_Towns_in_Ind/S0woAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia of Cities and Towns in India: Kerala |date=2008 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-212-0986-1 |page=412 |language=en}}</ref> a saint and a social reformer of India who fought against the caste system of Hindu religion.

As a state festival, the day is a public holiday for schools and offices, including banks, in Kerala.

Guru's birthday is celebrated on the Chathayam asterism of the [[Malayalam]] month of Chingam (Leo). In a society broken into fragments by casteism and [[economic inequality]], he emphasised the motto of 'one caste, one religion and one god.'

Communal harmony processions, conferences, floral tributes, community prayers, feeding for the poor and community feasts marks Jayanthi celebrations.

==See also==
* [[Sree Narayana Guru]]
* [[Sree Narayana Jayanthi Boat Race]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.hvk.org/articles/0904/84.html Jayanthi Celebration In USA ]
* [http://www.billawasdubai.com Jayanthi Celebration In Dubai by billawas]
* [http://www.billawar.com/ Celebration in Mumbai ]

{{Narayana Guru}}

[[Category:Narayana Guru]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]
[[Category:Festivals in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals in Kerala]]

{{Hindu-festival-stub}}

Kashyapa

2026-03-06T03:40:11Z

RowenaGlenny3: small changes

{{Short description|Vedic sage}}
{{about||the disciple of the Buddha|Mahākāśyapa|the early Buddha|Kassapa Buddha|the king of Sri Lanka|Kashyapa I of Anuradhapura|the surname|Kashyap (surname)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox deity
| image = Kashyapa muni statue in Andhra Pradesh.JPG
| alt = Kashyapa
| caption = Statue of Kashyapa in [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| name = Kashyapa
| children = [[Adityas]], [[Rudras]], [[Vasus]], [[Daityas]], [[Maruts]],
[[Danavas]], [[Nāgas]], [[Manasa]], [[Iravati]], [[Gandharvas]], [[Aruna (Hinduism)|Aruna]], [[Garuda]], [[Apsaras]], etc.
| father = [[Marichi]]
| spouse = [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Hindu goddess)|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)|Ira]], Yamini, [[Kastha]], Timi, Patangi, [[Sarama]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)|Muni]]
| type = Hindu
| affiliation = [[Maharishi]]s
| script_name = Devanagari
| script = कश्यप
| mother = [[Kalā]]
| member_of = [[Saptarishi]]
| god_of =
}}
{{Hinduism}}

'''Kashyapa''' ({{langx|sa|कश्यप|}}, {{IAST3|Kaśyapa}}) is a revered [[Vedas|Vedic]] [[Sage (philosophy)|sage]] of [[Hinduism]].<ref name="Holdrege2012p229">{{cite book|author=Barbara A. Holdrege|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YlvikndgEmIC|title=Veda and Torah: Transcending the Textuality of Scripture|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=2012|isbn=978-1-4384-0695-4|pages=229–230, 692}}, Quote: "Kasyapa (Rudra),(Vedic Seer)..."</ref> He is one of the [[Saptarishi]]s, the seven ancient sages of the ''[[Rigveda]]''. In the ''[[Ramayana]]'', he is referred as ''Arishtanemi''.<ref>Ramayana, Bal Kanda, Chapter 38, Verse 4.</ref> Kashyapa is the most ancient and venerated [[rishi]], along with the other Saptarishis, listed in the colophon verse in the ''[[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]]''.<ref name=olivellekashyapa/>

Kashyapa is an ancient name, referring to many different personalities in the ancient Hindu and Buddhist texts.<ref>{{cite book|author1= Premavatī Tivārī|author2=Jīvaka Komarabhaccha|author3=Vātsya|title=Kāśyapa-saṃhitā: Vr̥ddhajīvakīyaṃ Tantraṃ Vā by Kāśyapa (Son of Marīci)| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=AaAJAAAAIAAJ| year=1996|publisher=Caukhambā Viśvabhāratī|pages=xi–xii|isbn=9788186937679}}</ref><ref name=hamilton81>{{cite book|author= Francis Hamilton| title=Genealogical tables of the deities, princes, heroes, and remarkable personages of the Hindus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCQUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA81 |year=1819|publisher=Asiatic Society|page=81}}</ref>

==Name==
Kashyapa means "turtle" in Sanskrit.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pinault |first1=Georges-Jean |last2=Winter |first2=Werner |title=Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A |date=2009 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=9783447058148 |page=110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zKEfhNCEipsC&pg=PA110 |access-date=15 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> According to [[Michael Witzel]], it is related to [[Avestan]] ''kasiiapa'', [[Sogdian language|Sogdian]] ''kyšph'', Kurdish ''kûsî'', New Persian ''kharwar'', ''kaš(a)p'' which mean "tortoise", after which [[Kashafrud River|Kashaf Rūd]] (a river in Turkmenistan and Khorasan) is named.<ref>[http://michaelwitzel.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ejvs0501article.pdf Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan: Rgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic], Michael Witzel, page 55</ref> Other relations include to [[Tocharian languages|Tocharian B]] ''kaccāp'' ("brainpan"),<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Dictionary of Tocharian B |first=Douglas Q. |last=Adams |publisher=Rodopi |date=1999 |page=137 |isbn=9789042004351}}</ref> [[Tocharian languages|Tocharian A]] ''kāccap'' ("turtle", "tortoise").<ref>{{cite web| publisher=www.palaeolexicon.com|url= http://www.palaeolexicon.com/Languages/Index#|title=Tocharian A dictionary - k | access-date=June 8, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A |volume=1: A-L |first=Gerd |last=Carling |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |date=2009 |page=110 |isbn=9783447058148 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zKEfhNCEipsC&dq=%22turtle%22+tocharian+A&pg=PA110}}</ref> [[Frits Staal]] agrees that Kaśyapa means 'tortoise', but believes that it is a non-[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] [[Substratum in Vedic Sanskrit|word]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Frits Staal|title=Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HcE23SjLX8sC&pg=PA305 |year=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-309986-4|page=305}}</ref>

==History==
Kashyapa is credited with composing a few hymns in the Rigveda, mainly in Mandala IX. He and his family of students are mainly composers of hymns for [[Soma (drink)|Soma Pavamāna]] ("self-purifying Soma"), which represents a single moment in the [[Somayajna|Soma sacrifice]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mahadevan|first=Thennilapuram P.|date=2011|title=The Ṛṣi index of the Vedic Anukramaṇī system and the Pravara lists: Toward a Pre-history of the Brahmans|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies|volume=18|pages=131|doi=10.11588/ejvs.2011.2.320|issn=1084-7561}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Jamison|first1=Stephanie W.|title=The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India|last2=Brereton|first2=Joel P.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780199370184|pages=1233}}</ref>

He is mentioned in verse 2.2.4 of the ''[[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]]'', along with [[Atri]], [[Vashistha]], [[Vishvamitra]], [[Jamadagni]], [[Bharadwaja]] and [[Gautama Maharishi|Gautama]].<ref>Robert Hume, ''[https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n117/mode/2up The Thirteen Principal Upanishads]'', Chapter: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Oxford University Press, page 96 (verse 2.2.4)</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Stephanie W. Jamison|title=R̥gveda entre deux mondes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kQ5uAAAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Collège de France|isbn=978-2-86803-074-0|page=25}}</ref> Kashyapa is also mentioned as the earliest [[rishi]] in [[Colophon (publishing)|colophon]] verse 6.5.3 of ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishad'', one of the oldest Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism.<ref name="olivellekashyapa">{{cite book|author=Patrick Olivelle|title=Upaniṣads |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9-2jV7sRuEC |year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-283576-5|pages=93–94}}</ref>

Kashyapa is mentioned in other Vedas and numerous other Vedic texts. For example, in one of several cosmology-related hymns of [[Atharvaveda]] (~1000 BCE), Kashyapa is mentioned in the allegory-filled Book XIX:

{{Quote|
<poem>
Undisturbed am I, undisturbed is my soul,
undisturbed mine eye, undisturbed mine ear,
undisturbed is mine in-breathing, undisturbed mine out-breathing,
undisturbed my diffusive breath, undisturbed the whole of me.

Thereafter rose Desire in the beginning, Desire the primal seed and germ of Spirit,
O Kama dwelling with the lofty Kama, give growth of riches to the sacrificer, (...)
Prolific, thousand eyed, and undecaying, a horse with seven reins Time bears us onward,
Sages inspired with holy knowledge mount him, his chariot wheels are all the worlds of creatures.

Kala [Time] created yonder heaven, and Kala made these realms of earth,
By Kala, stirred to motion, both what is and what shall be, expand, (...)
Kala created living things and first of all Prajapati,
From Kala self-made ''Kasyapa'', from Kala Holy Fire was born.
</poem>
|''Atharvaveda, Book XIX''| Hymns L51-53<ref name=griffith311>{{cite book|author=Ralph Thomas Hotchkin Griffith|title=The Hymns of the Atharvaveda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9YoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA308|year=1896|publisher=E. J. Lazarus & Company|pages=308–311}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Stephan Schuhmacher|title=The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpP8770qVakC|year=1994|publisher=Shambhala Publications|isbn=978-0-87773-980-7|page=177}}</ref>}}

His name appears in Patanjali's ancient [[bhasya]] on verse 1.2.64 of [[Pāṇini]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter M. Scharf|title=The Denotation of Generic Terms in Ancient Indian Philosophy: Grammar, Nyāya, and Mīmāṃsā|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qh4LAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA103 |year=1996|publisher=American Philosophical Society|isbn=978-0-87169-863-6|pages=103–104 with footnote 7}}</ref> His name is very common in the Epic and Purana literature.<ref name="Dalal2010p200">{{cite book |author=Roshen Dalal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6 |pages=200–201}}</ref>

===Buddhist texts===
In Buddhist Pali canonical texts such as ''[[Digha Nikaya]]'', Tevijja Sutta describes a discussion between the Buddha and Vedic scholars of his time. The [[Buddha]] names ten [[rishi]]s, calls them "early sages" and makers of ancient verses that have been collected and chanted in his era, and among those ten rishi is Kassapa (the Pali spelling of Kashyapa in Sanskrit).<ref name=walshe188f>{{cite book|author=Maurice Walshe|title=The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Digha Nikaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uj86AwAAQBAJ |year=2005|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-86171-979-2|pages=188–189}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|The Buddha names the following as "early sages" of Vedic verses, "Atthaka (either Astaka or Atri), Vamaka, Vamadeva, Vessamitta (Visvamitra), Yamataggi, Angirasa, Bharadvaja, Vasettha (Vashistha), Kassapa (Kashyapa) and Bhagu (Bhrigu)".<ref name=walshe188f/>}}

===Kashmir===
According to Christopher Snedden, the name Kashmir is a shortened form of "Kashyapa Mira", or the "lake of the sage Kashyapa". Alternatively, it may come from a Kashmiri or Sanskrit term that means "to dry up water". It could also have been derived from the term "Kashyapa Meru", which means the sacred mountains of Kashyapa.<ref name=snedden22/>

In ancient texts of Greece, linked to the expedition of [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]], this land has been called "Kasperia",<ref name=snedden22>{{cite book|author=Christopher Snedden|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5amKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22| year=2015|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn= 978-1-84904-621-3|pages=22–23}}</ref> possibly a contraction of "Kasyapamira".<ref name="McCrindle1885">{{cite book|author=John Watson McCrindle|title=Ancient India as Described by Ptolemy|url= https://archive.org/details/ancientindiaasd00mccrgoog| year=1885|publisher=Thacker, Spink, & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/ancientindiaasd00mccrgoog/page/n125 108]–109}}</ref> The word "Kaspapyros" appears in Greek geographer [[Hecataeus of Miletus|Hekataois]] text, and as "Kaspatyros" in [[Herodotus]], who states that Skylax the Karyandian began in Kaspatyros to trace the path of Indus river from the mountains to where it drained in the sea. Kaspatyros may be same as Kaspa-pyrus or Kashyapa-pura (city of Kashyapa) in other texts.<ref name="McCrindle1885"/>

==Legends==
Kashyapa is mentioned in numerous Hindu texts such as the ''[[Puranas]]'' and the Hindu Epics. The stories related to Kashyapa in different texts are widely inconsistent, and many are considered allegorical.<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/><ref name=hamilton81/> For example, in the ''[[Ramayana]]'', he is married to the eight daughters of [[Daksha]], while in the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'' he is described as married to thirteen daughters. Some of the names of the thirteen daughters Kashyapa married in the Hindu text ''Vishnu Purana'' are different from the list found in ''Mahabharata''.<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/> Some texts describe Kashyapa as the son of Marichi, ancestor of solar dynasty, a contemporary with Uttamapada the second king of Brahmavarta and who married daughters of Daksha Prajapati the son of Brahma, others mention about him marrying daughters of Daksha Prajapati the last king of Brahmavarta, 15 in male descent from Uttamapada. It may be supposed that there have existed several persons named Kashyapa all of whom are usually confounded.<ref name=hamilton81/>

In some ''Puranas'', Kashyapa is said to have drained the Kashmir valley to make it inhabitable. Some interpret this legend to parallel the legend of Buddhist [[Manjushri]] draining [[Nepal]] and [[Tibet]], wherein the "draining" is an allegory for teaching ideas and doctrines, removing stagnant waters of ignorance and extending learning and civilization into the valley.<ref>{{cite book|author=Samuel Beal|title=Travels of Fah-Hian and Sung-Yun, Buddhist Pilgrims: From China to India (400 A.D. and 518 A.D.)| url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22958 |year=1869| publisher=Trübner| pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22958/page/n140 60] footnote 1}}</ref> The Sindh city [[Multan]] (now in Pakistan), also called Mulasthana, has been interpreted alternatively as ''Kashyapapura'' in some stories after Kashyap.<ref>{{cite book|author=Alf Hiltebeitel|title=Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MMFdosx0PokC |year=2009| publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-34055-5|page=270}}</ref> Yet another interpretation has been to associate Kashyapa as River Indus in the Sindh region. However, these interpretations and the links of Multan as Kashyapapura to Kashmir have been questioned.<ref>{{cite book|author=M. Th. Houtsma|title=E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CP7fYghBFQC|year=1993|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-09790-2|page=792}}</ref>

According to the ancient legends, Kashyapa reclaimed that land from a vast lake, his school was based there, and the land was named after him.<ref name=britkashmir>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent Kashmir: REGION, INDIAN SUBCONTINENT], Encyclopædia Britannica (2008)</ref>

===Wives and children===
The ''Puranas'' and the Epics of Indian tradition mention Kashyapa and his genealogy numerous times.<ref>{{cite book|author=John E. Mitchiner|title=Traditions Of The Seven Rsis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phGzVwTTp_gC |year=2000|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1324-3|pages=13–15, 85–93, 106–110, 259–261}}</ref> In the ''Vishnu Purana'', Kashyap marries thirteen daughters of [[Daksha]]: [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Asura)|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)|Ira]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)|Muni]],<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/><ref name=Vishnu>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp050.htm Vishnu Purana: Book I, Chapter XV] [[Vishnu Purana|The Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840. p. 112. The daughters of Daksha who were married to Kaśyapa were Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arisjht́á, Surasá, Surabhi, Vinatá, Támrá, Krodhavaśá, Id́á, Khasá, Kadru, and Muni 19; whose progeny I will describe to you...Vishńu, Śakra, Áryaman, Dhútí, Twáshtri, Púshan, Vivaswat, Savitri, Mitra, Varuńa, Anśa, and Bhaga</ref><ref name=saklani>{{cite book |title=Ancient Communities of Himalayas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tK5y4iPArKQC&pg=PA74 |publisher=Indus Publishing Co, New Delhi |first=Dinesh Prasad |last=Saklani |year=1998 |isbn=978-81-7387090-3 |page=74}}</ref> while in the ''Mahabharata'', the names of these 13 wives are Aditi, Diti, Kala, Danayus, Danu, Simhika, Krodha, Pritha, Visva, Vinata, Kapila, Muni and Kadru.<ref name = "Mani">{{cite book |title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature |url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/0/mode/1up | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |year = 1975| isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 |first = Vettam|last = Mani|pages=3, 396}}</ref> There are various interpretations. Scholar [[Vettam Mani]], after analysing the epics and Puranas, concluded that Kashyapa may have married 21 women (13 of which were Daksha's daughters) — Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arishta, Surasha, Khasha, Surabhi, Vinata, Tamra, Krodhavasha, Ira, Kadru, Muni, Puloma, Kalaka, Nata, Danayus, Simhika, Pradha, Visva and Kapila.<ref name = "Mani" />

Kashyapa, in the ''Vishnu Purana'' and ''Vayu Purana'', is credited with fathering the [[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]]s, [[Danava (Hinduism)|Danava]]s, [[Yaksha]]s, [[Daitya]]s and all living creatures with various daughters of [[Daksha]]. He married Aditi, with whom he fathered the [[Ādityas|Aditya]]s, and in two inconsistent versions [[Vamana]], an ''[[avatar]]'' of Vishnu, is the child of Aditi and Kashyapa.<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp075.htm Account of the several Manus and Manwantaras] [[Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840, Quote:"Vishńu was born of Vikunthi, as Vaikuntha, along with the deities called Vaikunthas. In the present Manwantara, '''Vishńu was again born as Vámana, the son of Kaśyapa by Adití'''. With three paces he subdued the worlds, and gave them, freed from all embarrassment, to Purandara.", Footnote 4: "The Váyu describes the Rishis (...) with some inconsistency, for Kaśyapa, at least, did not appear himself until the seventh, Manwantara. (...) The Bráhma P. and Hari Vanśa have a rather different list (...)"</ref> In these religious texts, Kashyapa is the brother-in-law of [[Adharma|Dharma and Adharma]], both of whom are also described as married to other daughters of [[Daksha]].<ref name=wilson>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp041.htm Vishnu Purana], HH Wilson (Translator), Chapter 7</ref>

===Kashyapa incarnated as Vasudeva===
Kashyapa also incarnated as [[Vasudeva]], the father of [[Krishna]] due to a curse that [[Brahma]] unleashed upon him. Once, the sage performed a yajna (a Vedic ritual) in his hermitage in order to offer oblations to the Devas for the welfare of the beings in the world. To perform the ritual, Kashyapa required offerings such as milk, ghee etc., for which he sought the help of [[Varuna]]. When Varuna manifested before him, Kashyapa requested him for a boon of limitless offerings to perform the yajna successfully. Varuna offered him a holy [[Cattle|cow]] which would provide him with limitless offerings. He then told the sage that the holy cow would be taken back once the yajna was over. The yajna went on for several days, and with the presence of the holy cow, the sage never faced any obstacles.

Realizing the miraculous power of the cow, he was overcome with greed and desired to own the cow forever. He did not return the cow to Varuna even after the yajna was over. Varuna appeared in front of Kashyapa and told him that the cow was given to him as a boon, only for the yajna, and now that the yajna was over, it had to be returned as it belonged to the heaven. Kashyapa refused to part with the cow and told Varuna that whatever is offered to a [[Brahmin|Brahmana]] should never be sought back, and whoever does that would turn out to be a sinner.

Hence, Varuna sought the help of Brahma who appeared before the sage and told him to get rid of his greed which is capable of destroying all his virtues. Nevertheless, Kashyapa remained firm in his resolve, which enraged Brahma who cursed him, saying that he would be born on earth again as a [[Pastoral farming|cowherd]]. Kashyapa repented for his mistake and pleaded Brahma to forgive him. Brahma also realized that he had cursed him in a haste, and told him that he would still be born as a cowherd in the [[Yadava|Yadava clan]], but [[Vishnu]] would be born as his son. This was how Kashyapa was born as Vasudeva and became the father of [[Krishna]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Debroy |first=Bibek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BRnpDAAAQBAJ |title=Harivamsha |date=2016-09-09 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-93-86057-91-4 |language=en}}</ref>

==Attributions==
Kashyapa is revered in the Hindu tradition, and numerous legends and texts composed in the medieval era are reverentially attributed to him in various Hindu traditions. Some treatises named after him or attributed to him include:
* ''[[Kashyapa Samhita|Kashyapasamhita]]'', also called ''Vriddajivakiya Tantra'' or ''Jivakiya Tantra'', is a classical reference book on Ayurvedic [[pediatric]]s, gynecology and obstetrics.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Malavika Kapur| editor1=Sangeetha Menon| editor2 =Anindya Sinha|editor3= B. V. Sreekantan| title= Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Consciousness and the Self |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pg-7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 |year=2013|publisher=Springer Science |isbn=978-81-322-1587-5|page=73}}</ref> It was revised by Vatsya.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jan Meulenbeld|title=The Sitapitta Group of Disorders (Urticaria and Similar Syndromes) and Its Development in Ayurvedic Literature from Early Times to the Present Day|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rhc028gqXKIC |year=2010|publisher=Barkhuis|isbn=978-90-77922-76-7|page=353}}</ref> The treatise is written as a tutorial between the medical sage Kashyapa and his student named Vriddhajivaka, and mostly related to caring for babies and diseases of children.<ref>{{cite book|author=Anthony Cerulli|title=Somatic Lessons: Narrating Patienthood and Illness in Indian Medical Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqwJwT-yXNoC&pg=PA76|year=2012|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-1-4384-4387-4|pages=76–77}}</ref>
* ''Kashyapa Jnanakanda'', or Kashyapa's book of wisdom, is a 9th-century text of the [[Vaishnavism]] tradition.<ref>{{cite book|author=Doris Srinivasan|title=Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZheP9dIX9wC&pg=PA240|year=1997|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-10758-4|pages=240–247}}</ref>
* ''Kaśyapa [[dharmasutra]]'', likely an ancient text, but now believed to be lost. The text's existence is inferred from quotes and citations by medieval Indian scholars.<ref>{{cite book|author=Maurice Winternitz|author-link=Moriz Winternitz|title=History of Indian Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ql0BmInD1c4C&pg=PA581 |year=1963|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0056-4|pages=580–581}}</ref>
* ''Kaśyapasangīta'', likely another ancient text, but now believed to be lost. A treatise on music, it is quoted by Shaivism and Advaita scholar [[Abhinavagupta]], wherein he cites sage Kasyapa explanation on ''viniyoga'' of each ''[[rasa (aesthetics)|rasa]]'' and ''bhava''. Another Hindu music scholar named Hrdanyangama mentions Kashyapa's contributions to the theory of ''[[alankara]]'' (musical note decorations).<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Widdess|title=The rāgas of early Indian music: modes, melodies, and musical notations from the Gupta period to c. 1250|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SnwHAQAAMAAJ| year=1995| publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0193154643|pages=62–63, 125–128 with footnotes, 185}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author= M. Srinivasachariar|title=History of Classical Sanskrit Literature|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4dVRvVyHaiQC&pg=PA828| year=1974| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0284-1|pages=828–829}}</ref>
* ''Kashyapashilpa'', also called ''Amsumad agama'', ''Kasyapiya'' or ''Silpasastra of Kaśyapa'', is a Sanskrit treatise on architecture, iconography and the decorative arts, probably completed in the 11th century.<ref>{{cite book|author=Anna Aleksandra Ślączka|title=Temple Consecration Rituals in Ancient India: Text and Archaeology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9LznwzyNE18C&pg=PA11|year=2007|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=978-90-04-15843-6|pages=11–19}}</ref>

==See also==
{{col div|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Atri]]
* [[Agastya]]
* [[Kassapa Buddha]]
* [[Suryavansha]]
* [[Ikshvaku dynasty]]
* [[Aditi]]
* [[Danu (Asura)]]
* [[Diti]]
* [[Mahākāśyapa]]
* [[Kāśyapīya]]
* [[House of Suren]]
* [[Vasudeva]]
* [[Shandilya]]
* [[Mudgala]]{{colend}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==





* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/596592 The Vedic "Five Tribes"], DD Kosambi (1967)

{{Rishis of Hindu mythology}}
{{Hindudharma}}
{{Rigveda}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rishis]]
[[Category:Brahmin gotras]]
[[Category:Saptarishi]]

Jaatishwar

2026-03-04T00:28:58Z

RowenaGlenny3: fixed issues

{{Short description|2014 Indian Bengali-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jaatishwar
| image = Jaatishwar.jpeg
| caption =
| director = [[Srijit Mukherji]]
| producer = [[Reliance Entertainment]] and Rana Sarkar<ref name="ttjul6">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130706/jsp/t2/story_17085604.jsp#.UpK2dsSko4I |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710013039/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130706/jsp/t2/story_17085604.jsp#.UpK2dsSko4I |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 July 2013 |title=Srijit's Jaatishwar|newspaper= [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |date=6 July 2013|accessdate=24 November 2013}}</ref>
| writer = [[Srijit Mukherji]]
| starring = [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] [[Jisshu Sengupta]] [[Swastika Mukherjee]] [[Abir Chatterjee]] [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Banerjee]] [[Ananya Chatterjee]] [[Kharaj Mukherjee]] [[Mamata Shankar]] [[Riya Sen]] [[Srijit Mukherji]] [[Biswajit Chakraborty]] [[Bharat Kaul]]
| music = [[Kabir Suman]]
| cinematography = Soumik Haldar
| editing = Bodhaditya Banerjee [[Pronoy Dasgupta]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|01|17|India}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget = {{INRConvert|4.0|c}}<ref name="budgetrev">{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3365690/business| title= Budget for Jaatishwar | publisher=IMDB | accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref>
}}

'''''Jaatishwar''''' is a 2014 Indian [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]]-language [[Musical film|musical]] [[Psychological drama|psychological drama film]] written and directed by [[Srijit Mukherji]]. It stars [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], [[Jisshu Sengupta]] and [[Swastika Mukherjee]]. The main focus of the plot revolves around the life and notable works of [[Anthony Firingee]] (Hensman Anthony), a 19th-century [[Bengali language]] folk poet of [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] origin, along with other supporting characters. The time frame of the storyline jumps between two different periods—19th century and the present day (2013).<ref name="ttjul6"/> The music of Jaatiswar is composed by [[Kabir Suman]].

The film has been recognized as the most awarded film in the [[61st National Film Awards]] with 4 awards in the following categories -[[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Direction]], [[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]], [[National Film Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]] and [[National Film Award for Best Make-up Artist|Best Make-up Artist]].

==Plot==
In the present timeline, Rohit Mehta, a [[Gujarat]]i born and brought up in [[Calcutta]], falls in love with Mahamaya Bandopadhyay and tries to woo her. Since he can just barely utter a few Bengali words (and that too in the wrong places), Mahamaya throws him a hurdle to cross - if he can write a song with correct Bengali lyrics and sing it without any accent or mistake, she would think of a possible relationship. Rohit accepts the challenge and goes to Portugal to study colonial history.

Two years pass. Mahamaya is now a radio jockey at a popular radio station. Rohit is in Portugal but still very much in love with her. His Bengali is being refined by his friend and classmate Bodhi. Rohit chooses the music course and decides to do a dissertation on the 19th Century folk poet Hensman Anthony ([[Anthony Firingee]]). He goes to Calcutta and then to Farashdanga, Chandannagar, where Anthony lived and composed his songs. He goes to the local library to get some books where he meets the assistant librarian, a mysterious man named Kushal Hajra, who claims to be the re-incarnation of Anthony himself. Kushal laments that the visions of his previous life are haunting him every day, and slowly taking over the memory of his present life. Rohit promises to take him to Calcutta for treatment, in return he demands the life history of Anthony.

The story then goes back to the 19th Century, where Anthony impresses the villagers with his musical talent. He saves a young Bengali widow, Soudamini, from performing ''sati'' and later marries her. But he yearns to learn the Bengali language and compose songs in that language. He learns it, reading Hindu scriptures and understanding the meaning of the folk compositions. In those days, ''kavigaan''s were very popular in Calcutta, where two ''kaviyaal''s or folk poets would face each other with their respective groups and compete with each other through songs and poems. Anthony was impressed by the ''kavigaan''s and decided to form a group on his own. He used to compose the songs himself, and on the first occasion met the woman ''kaviyaal'', Joggeshwari, whom he defeats. Slowly, as he began to progress in his career as a ''kaviyaal'', he competed with noted ''kaviyaal''s of the time like Ram Basu and Thakur Singha.

Simultaneously, in the present timeline, Kushal is taken to a psychiatrist, where he is informed that to stop the visions, he must complete a work which he could not possibly do as Anthony. Kushal's visions get stronger and stronger. Rohit meanwhile has found a way to sing his latest Bengali composition in front of Mahamaya, whose radio company has decided to organize a competition among bands hailing both from West Bengal and Bangladesh, "Bandemonium". Bodhi, who meanwhile had come to Calcutta to meet Rohit, takes him to Sidhu (playing himself) to arrange musicians for Rohit's performance. Meanwhile, Mahamaya had also started developing feelings for Rohit.

Kushal reveals to Rohit the story of Anthony's last ''kavigaan''. Anthony had been planning to do a Durga-puja all by himself. But the villagers were against this, as, to them, Anthony is a ''firingee'' (foreigner) who had no right to perform a Hindu puja. He tells Soudamini that he is going to Calcutta for another ''kavigaan'', and so won't be staying during the days of the puja. As planned, he leaves for Calcutta on the day of the puja. This time, his competition is with the best ''kaviyaal'', Bhola Moira. The competition heightens and Anthony wins after a tough fight.

In the present timeline, the day of "Bandemonium" has arrived. Rohit goes on stage and performs his Bengali song ''E Tumi Kemon Tumi'' as Mahamaya looks on, tears in her eyes. Within the song, the film goes back to the 19th Century. After Anthony returned from Calcutta, victorious against Bhola Moira, he finds his house and his [[Durga]] idol set on fire by the villagers. He finds Soudamini dead and nobody around. With his love killed and his faith shattered, he digs a grave for her, and then for himself (as he had once promised jokingly to his wife).

During the show, Bodhi brings Kushal to the auditorium to see the performance of Rohit. Kushal meets Mahamaya, and then leaves abruptly. After the performance, Rohit and Mahamaya profess their love for each other backstage. Rohit suddenly is informed that Kushal is missing. He, along with Mahamaya, goes to Kushal's house in Chandannagar, where they find him completely insane and lost in his visions. He attacks Rohit and then blabbers rubbish. Rohit, heartbroken, leaves with Mahamaya, realising that Kushal is beyond cure now. The film then ends with a final twist, revealing Mahamaya as the reincarnation of Soudamini, though she remembers nothing of her previous birth. Anthony had wanted to apologize to his wife for leaving her alone to get killed by the neighbours, which Kushal does after Mahamaya leaves with Rohit. The visions will not haunt him anymore. The film ends as Kabir Suman's song "''Jaatishwar''" plays in the background.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] in dual roles as
**Kushal Hajra
**[[Hensman Anthony]] aka Anthony Firingee (voice by [[Srikanto Acharya]])
* [[Jisshu Sengupta]] as Rohit Mehta
* [[Swastika Mukherjee]] in dual roles as
**Mahamaya Bandyopadhyay aka Maya
**Soudamini, wife of Hensman Anthony
* [[Abir Chatterjee]] as Bodhi ( Guest Appearance)
* [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Banerjee]] as Amitava (Guest Appearance)
* [[Riya Sen]] as Sudeshna (Guest Appearance)
* [[Mamata Shankar]] as Mahamaya's mother (Guest Appearance)
* [[Ananya Chatterjee]] as Joggeshwari (Special Appearance)
* Sumit Samaddar as Gourhari, an angry villager
* [[Dwijen Bandopadhyay]] as the village priest
* [[Kharaj Mukherjee]] as Bhola Moira
* [[Tamal Roychowdhury]] as Horu Thakur
* [[Kalikaprasad Bhattacharya]] as [[Lalon]] (unnamed in the film)
* [[Biswajit Chakraborty]] as Thakur Singha
* [[Neel Mukherjee (actor)|Neel Mukherjee]] as Ram Basu
* [[Srijit Mukherji]] as Bikram Botobyal aka Vicky, Mahamaya's boss
* Dr. Kaushik Ghosh as Dr. Sengupta
* [[Bharat Kaul]] as Rohit's father
* [[Chaitali Dasgupta]] as Rohit's mother
* Sumant M Sarkar as Librarian
* [[Kabir Suman]] as himself
* [[Anindya Chatterjee]] as himself
* [[Rupam Islam]] as himself
* [[Siddhartha Roy (Sidhu)]] as himself
* [[Anupam Roy]] as himself
* [[Debleena Sen]] as Girl ar radio station
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
[[Kabir Suman]] is the music director of the film, while [[Indraadip Dasgupta|Indradip Dasgupta]] is the assistant music director. The album was critically and commercially successful. All the ''kabigaans'' of the film is included in the album. The ''kabigaans'' bring back a long lost era of Bengali music through this film. Curiously, the song ''Jaatishwar'' which is taken from Kabir Suman's own album Jaatishwar(1997), is not included in the soundtrack, but is used during the end credits of the film, probably to emphasize on the protagonist's state of mind.

===Track list===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Notes !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Joy Jogendra"
| Anthony's Agomoni Song
| [[Srikanto Acharya]]
|-
| 2
| "Sohosa Ele Ki"
| Rohit's composition
| [[Rupankar Bagchi]]
|-
| 3
| "Hole Jodi Hole Sokha"
| Joggeshwari to Anthony
| [[Sromona Chakraborty]]
|-
| 4
| "Je Shokti"
| Anthony to Bhola Moira
| Srikanto Acharya
|-
| 5
| "[[E Tumi Kemon Tumi]]"
| Rohit's composition
| Rupankar Bagchi
|-
| 6
| "Chinta Naai"
| Bhola Moira to Anthony
| [[Kharaj Mukherjee]]
|-
| 7
| "Preme Khanto Holem"
| Anthony to Bhola Moira
| Srikanto Acharya
|-
| 8
| "Faka Frame"
| used in the film from Anupam Roy's own album
| [[Anupam Roy]]
|-
| 9
| "Khriste Aar Krishte"
| Anthony to Bhola Moira
| Srikanto Acharya
|-
| 10
| "Tui Jaat Firingi"
| Bhola Moira to Anthony
| Kharaj Mukherjee
|-
| 11
| "No Puedo" (Spanish Folk Song)
| Anthony's song
| [[Dibyendu Mukherjee]]
|-
| 12
| "Bolo Hey Antony"
| Thakur Singha to Anthony
| [[Kabir Suman]]
|-
| 13
| "Ei Banglay"
| Anthony to Thakur Singha
| Srikanto Acharya
|-
| 14
| "Singho Rashi"
| Bandemonium Rock song
| Siddhartha Roy (Sidhu)
|-
| 15
| "Ekhon Bujhli Toh"
| Ram Basu to Horu Thakur
| [[Manomoy Bhattacharya]]
|-
| 16
| "Pran Tumi Aar"
| Anthony to Joggeshwari
| Srikanto Acharya
|-
| 17
| "Bolo Konta Priyo"
| Bandemonium Rock song
| Saqi
|-
| 18
| "Age Jodi"
| Horu Thakur to Nilu Thakur
| [[Suman Mukherjee]]
|-
| 19
| "Jaat Gelo Bole"
| Lalon's song
| [[Kalikaprasad Bhattacharjee]]
|-
| 20
| "Ki Rongo Tui"
| Anthony to Ram Basu
| Srikanto Acharya
|-
| 21
| "E Tumi Kemon Tumi" (Reprise)
| not in the film
| [[Saptarshi Mukherjee]]
|-
| 22
| "Khudar Kasam Jaan"
| opening credits song
| [[Kabir Suman]]
|-
| 23
| "Omorotter Prottasha Nei"
| end credits song
| Kabir Suman
|}

==Reception==
The film was released on 17 January 2014 in India and received positive critical reviews. It is hailed as one of the best works of Srijit Mukherji and Prosenjit Chatterjee.<ref name=toirev>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Jaatishwar/movie-review/29046798.cms |title=Jaatishwar| work=The Times of India| date=19 January 2014| last=Sen| first=Zinia| accessdate=20 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=ibnrev>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/prosenjits-jaatishwar-is-a-nostalgic-tribute-to-19th-century-bengal/445873-47-83.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118034457/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/prosenjits-jaatishwar-is-a-nostalgic-tribute-to-19th-century-bengal/445873-47-83.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2014 | title=Prosenjit's 'Jaatishwar' is a nostalgic tribute to 19th century Bengal |publisher=IBN Live|accessdate=20 January 2014}}</ref> The film had a special screening for the President of India [[Pranab Mukherjee]] on 15 January 2014 in [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] in [[New Delhi]].<ref name=znewspresident>{{cite web| url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/regional/prosenjit-s-jaatishwar-screened-for-president_149384.html |title= Prosenjit's 'Jaatishwar' screened for president | date=17 January 2014|publisher=Zee News| accessdate=20 January 2014}}</ref> The film was among a shortlist of eight films from India in the race for submission to [[List of submissions to the 87th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|the 87th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film]].<ref name="oscarrace">{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2607396/Which-film-will-represent-India-at-the-Oscars-this-year |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831204213/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2607396/Which-film-will-represent-India-at-the-Oscars-this-year |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 August 2014 |title=Which Film Will Represent India at the Oscars? |accessdate=2 September 2014 |work=BollywoodHungama}}</ref>

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Ceremony
! Category
! Nominee
! Result
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[61st National Film Awards]]
|[[ National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| ''[[Rupankar Bagchi]]'' for the song ''E Tumi Kemon Tumi''
| {{won}}
|-
|[[National Film Award for Best Music Direction| Best Music Direction]]
| ''[[Kabir Suman]]''
| {{won}}
|-
|[[National Film Award for Best Make-up Artist| Best Make-up Artist]]
| ''[[Vikram Gaikwad]]''
| {{won}}
|-
|[[National Film Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
| ''[[Shaborni Das]]''
| {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="7"|4th Royal Stag Mirchi Music awards Bangla 2014
| Song Of The Year
| ''E Tumi Kemon Tumi''
| {{won}}
|-
| Male Vocalist of the Year
| ''[[Rupankar Bagchi]]'' for the song ''E Tumi Kemon Tumi''
| {{won}}
|-
| Music Director of the Year
| ''[[Kabir Suman]]'' for the song ''E Tumi Kemon Tumi''
| {{won}}
|-
| Album of the Year
| ''Jaatishwar''
| {{won}}
|-
| Lyricist Of The Year
| ''[[Kabir Suman]]'' for the song ''Khudar Kasam Jaan''
| {{won}}
|-
| Listener's Choice Song Of The Year
| ''E Tumi Kemon Tumi''
| {{won}}
|-
| Listener's Choice Album of the Year
| ''Jaatishwar''
| {{won}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Anthony Firingee}}
{{Srijit Mukherji}}
{{Srikanto Acharya}}

[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2014 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films set in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Films that won the Best Costume Design National Film Award]]
[[Category:Films that won the National Film Award for Best Make-up]]
[[Category:Films directed by Srijit Mukherji]]
[[Category:Reliance Entertainment films]]
[[Category:Dag Creative Media films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language films based on actual events]]

Shravana Banthu

2026-03-03T22:17:58Z

RowenaGlenny3: Put up a details

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shravana Banthu
| image = Shravana Bantu.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Singeetham Srinivasa Rao]]
| starring = [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
| screenplay = Singeetham Srinivasa Rao [[Chi. Udayashankar]]
| story = Singeetham Srinivasa Rao
| producer = Kameshwara Rao
| music = [[M. Ranga Rao]]
| cinematography = S. V. Srikanth
| editing = P. Bhaktavatsalam
| studio = Chandrakala Art Enterprises
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1984|06|02}}
| runtime = 149 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
}}

'''''Shravana Banthu''''' ({{Translation|[[Shravana (month)|Shravana]] came}}) is a 1984 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama]] film written and directed by [[Singeetham Srinivasa Rao]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |pages=467 |orig-year=1994}}</ref> The film stars [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] and [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]. The film, produced by P. A. Kameshwara Rao, deals with reincarnation as the subject where the lead roles get killed for their romance and then they are shown to be reborn and fall in love yet again in the backdrop of inter-faith marriage. The dialogues and lyrics were written by [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]]. The film was received exceptionally well at the box-office and was one of the biggest hits of 1984. This was the first Kannada movie to show a computer on-screen. The director remade the movie in the same year in Telugu as ''[[Vasantha Geetam]]''.

== Plot ==
The film has a reincarnation plot with a secular message. The singer Kumar (Rajkumar), on a pilgrimage to a temple he saw in his dreams, meets the spirit of his friend Vishwa (Srinath), unrequited from an earlier birth. The friend recalls their previous lives in which they had been in love with the same woman Urvashi (Urvashi). She loved Kumar and Vishwa had ordered his men to kill his rival, unaware that this was his friend Kumar. Realising his mistake, he killed himself and his spirit was condemned to wander until redemption had been achieved. The woman from their earlier life, now reborn as Mary, a Christian, is courted by Kumar with the assistance of the spirit. The two eventually marry after overcoming the resistance of Kumar's caste-conscious father. This segment involves a comic turn when Kumar pretends to have lost his memory and becomes "Peter from Petersburg".

== Cast ==
* [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] as Raghu / Kumar (Peter)
* [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] as Vishwa
* [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] as Urvashi / Mary (Saraswati)
* [[K. S. Ashwath]] as Shankaraiah, Kumar's Father
* [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]] as Lakshmi, Mary's mother
* [[Thoogudeepa Srinivas]] as Joseph, Mary's father
* [[Shivaram]]
* [[Uma Shivakumar]] as Subadhra
* [[Advani Lakshmi Devi]] as Savitri, Kumar's mother
* Vijayaranjini
* Vishwanath

==Production==
The filming was held at [[Ambuthirtha]].<ref>{{cite web |date=18 October 2010 |title=Picturesque Ambateertha |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/105585/picturesque-ambateertha.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418013103/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/105585/picturesque-ambateertha.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |access-date=24 April 2025 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> The song "Baanina Anchinda" was shot at Annapoorna Temple at Horanadu.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 May 2015 |title=ತೆರೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಶ್ರಾವಣ ಬಂತು |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/gossip/shravana-bantu-movie-on-screen/articleshow/47251517.cms |access-date=24 April 2025 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=Kn}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. Ranga Rao]] to the lyrics of [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]]. All the songs were received exceptionally well and are considered evergreen hits of Kannada cinema. All songs were sung by Rajkumar and [[Vani Jayaram]] only. The song "Ide Ragadalli" was set in [[Durga (raga)|Durga]] raga.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/237134/ashwath-comes-alive-city.html|title=Ashwath comes alive in city...|website=Deccan Herald|date=25 March 2012|access-date=24 April 2025}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Shravana Banthu
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[M. Ranga Rao]]
| released = 1984
| genre = Feature Film Soundtrack
| length = 22:17
| language = [[Kannada]]
| label = MRT Music
| director = [[M. Ranga Rao]]
| prev_title = [[Rudranaga]]
| prev_year = 1984
| year = 1984
| next_title = Premave Balina Belaku
| next_year = 1984
| chronology = [[M. Ranga Rao]]
}}
{{track listing
| all_lyrics = [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]]
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Hosa Baalina
| extra1 = [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]
| length1 = 4:28
| title2 = Baanina Anchinda Bande
| extra2 = Rajkumar, [[Vani Jairam]]
| length2 = 4:46
| title3 = Ide Raagadalli
| extra3 = Rajkumar, Vani Jairam
| length3 = 4:19
| title4 = Shravana Maasa Bandaaga
| extra4 = Rajkumar, Vani Jairam
| length4 = 3:56
| title5 = Mary Mary Mary
| extra5 = Rajkumar
| total_length = 22:17
| length5 = 4:52
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0265747}}
* [http://www.raaga.com/channels/kannada/moviedetail.asp?mid=k0000628 Raaga info]

{{Singeetam Srinivasa Rao}}

[[Category:1984 films]]
[[Category:1984 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1984 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. Ranga Rao]]
[[Category:Films about reincarnation]]
[[Category:Films directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:1984 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Kannada-language romantic drama films]]

Ivargal Indiyargal

2026-03-03T05:09:00Z

RowenaGlenny3: put up the data from scratch!

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Ivargal Indiyargal.jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = Om Sakthi S. Jagadeesan
| screenplay = Om Sakthi S. Jagadeesan
| story = Sakthidasan C. Ganesan
| producer = Ja. Gurumurthy
| starring = [[Ramarajan]] [[Madhuri (Tamil actress)|Madhuri]] [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]
| cinematography = Ganesh Pandian
| editing = V. Jayapal
| music = [[Manoj–Gyan]]
| studio = Om Selvi Arts
| released = {{Film date|1987|07|10|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Ivargal Indiyargal''''' ({{translation|They are Indians}}) is a 1987 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by Om Sakthi S. Jagadeesan, starring [[Ramarajan]], [[Madhuri (Tamil actress)|Madhuri]] and [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]. It was released on 10 July 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |title=இவர்கள் இந்தியர்கள் / Evargal Indiyargal (1987) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/evargal-indiyargal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116182648/https://screen4screen.com/movies/evargal-indiyargal |archive-date=16 November 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Petition Periyanayaki is a social worker known for filing petitions on every social issue she encounters, striving to correct
injustices and fight corruption. Periyanayaki's former love interest, Rangabashyam's daughter, Savitri, arrives from [[Trichy]] to meet Periyanayaki so she can seek employment in [[Madras]] while staying at her house. Periyanayaki learns that Savitri lost her mother at a young age and begins to treat her like her own daughter.

Ramu, a lower-middle-class, hardworking youth, juggles multiple part-time jobs while sharing a room with his carefree friend Prakash, who indulges in alcohol and women. Ramu works as a sincere clerk at the same office where Savitri joins, and she develops an admiration for Ramu. Soon, Prakash secures a job in America and leaves, and Savitri notices Ramu's disciplined lifestyle, beginning to try to get closer to him playfully. Periyanayaki realizes that Savitri is in love with Ramu and advises her to remain steadfast if her love is genuine, unlike herself. Despite Savitri's attempts to win Ramu's affection, he does not reciprocate her feelings. To unite them, Periyanayaki asks Savitri to move into Ramu's room. She then falsely files a complaint accusing Ramu of kidnapping Savitri. Believing the accusation, the police arrest Ramu, forcing him to marry Savitri.

Resentful of being coerced into marriage, Ramu distances himself from Savitri. He takes her to his village and introduces her to his family—his mother, Maragatham, and three younger sisters, Shenbagam, Malliga, and Thamarai, whose marriages and responsibilities rest on his shoulders. Villagers gossip about Ramu marrying before arranging his sisters' weddings. Understanding his burden, Savitri decides that they will not consummate their marriage until his sisters are settled. Ramu brings his family to Madras. Though Savitri is rich, she chooses a simple life like Ramu's, determined to save money for her sisters-in-law's marriages. Ramu, however, refuses to accept Savitri's salary, unwilling to depend on her income. Rangabashyam learns of Savitri's marriage. On Periyanayaki's advice, he meets Savitri and offers her money and jewelry for Ramu, but Savitri declines, knowing Ramu would never accept it.

Through his colleague Seshagopalan, Ramu meets Ramanujam, whose son Sekar is proposed as a groom for Shenbagam. Ramanujam demands that Ramu secure a job for Sekar in exchange for a dowry-free marriage. Ramu approaches his college friend for help, but discovers the man exploits women for sexual favors in return for employment. Periyanayaki threatens to expose him, forcing him to arrange a job for Sekar. However, once employed, Sekar refuses to marry Shenbagam, shocking his father. Overcome with guilt, Ramanujam emotionally compels Sekar to honor his promise, and the marriage takes place.

Malliga, Ramu's second sister, is influenced by their neighbor Anu, who persuades her to adopt a modern lifestyle and introduces her to glamorous dressing. At a pool, Malliga meets Santhosh and falls in love with him. Santhosh claims to be the son of a rich businessman, but in reality, his father, Palayathan, is a poor, illiterate butcher who blindly finances his son. Palayathan, after seeing Malliga and Santhosh together, considers arranging their marriage, but Santhosh dismisses Malliga as merely a friend and threatens suicide to stop his father's interference. Prakash returns from America as a reformed man who now wishes to lead a family life. Seeing this change, Periyanayaki proposes Prakash as a suitable match for Malliga, and Ramu arranges their marriage. However, Malliga elopes with Santhosh from the wedding hall, believing in his love. Palayathan follows them and discovers that Santhosh intends to sell Malliga into slavery. When Palayathan reveals the truth to Malliga, Santhosh attacks his father. Enraged by his son's cruelty, Palayathan kills Santhosh. He then safely returns Malliga to the wedding venue, where she marries Prakash as planned, and later surrenders to the police.

Ramu's youngest sister, Thamarai, is noticed by Kumar, who instantly falls in love and approaches Ramu for marriage. After enquiring, Periyanayaki declares Kumar a suitable match, stating that he is an orphan. On the wedding day, Kumar's parents appear unexpectedly, shocking everyone. They reveal themselves as former convicts who were imprisoned for murdering their first daughter-in-law over dowry demands—a case that Periyanayaki herself had exposed. Seeking revenge, they had sent Kumar to marry Thamarai. Ramu confronts Periyanayaki for failing to investigate properly. Though she pleads with Kumar's parents, they boast of having achieved their revenge. It is then revealed that Kumar is a genuinely good man who pretended to follow his parents' plan. Kumar publicly denounces his parents and, with police assistance, has them removed from the wedding venue. The marriage proceeds peacefully.

With all three sisters married and Ramu's responsibilities fulfilled, Rangabashyam and Periyanayaki hope that Ramu and Savitri will finally begin their married life. However, Shenbagam arrives with her husband Sekar in labor pains. Ramu and Savitri immediately rush to help her, once again placing family duty above personal happiness, reflecting the priority of relationships in Indian families.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Ramarajan]] as Ramu
*[[Madhuri (Tamil actress)|Madhuri]] as Savitri
*[[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Petition Periyanayaki
*[[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]] as Rangabashyam, Savitri's father
*[[S. S. Chandran]] as Kumar's father
*[[Radha Ravi]] as Palayathan
*[[Delhi Ganesh]] as Ramanujam
*[[Senthil]] as a Manager
*[[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Prakash
*[[S. N. Parvathy]] as Kumar's mother
*[[Omakuchi Narasimhan]] as Pitambaram, head clerk
*[[Typist Gopu]] as Sankaran, clerk
*[[Disco Shanti]] as Anu
*[[Achamillai Gopi]] as Kumar
*[[Thideer Kannaiah]] as an auto passenger
*[[Bayilvan Ranganathan]] as a [[Sub-inspector]]
*[[Vellai Subbaiah]] as a peon
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Manoj–Gyan]], with lyrics by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ivargal Indiargal Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Manoj Kyan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/ivargal-indiargal-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-manoj-kyan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809053217/https://mossymart.com/product/ivargal-indiargal-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-manoj-kyan/ |archive-date=9 August 2022 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ivargal Indiyargal (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/ivargal-indiyargal-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/866040341 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809053221/https://music.apple.com/us/album/ivargal-indiyargal-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/866040341 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers
|-
| "Periyanayaki Pettishan..." || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
|-
| "Ammi Mithikkanum..." || [[Vani Jairam]], [[P. Jayachandran|Jayachandran]]
|-
| "Manjakkili Vanchikodi..." || Vani Jairam, [[S. N. Surendar]]
|-
| "Ivargal Indiyargal..." || Malaysia Vasudevan, B.S Sasirekha
|}

== Reception ==
''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote the film "has inklings of idealism and that is its strong point".<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 July 1987 |title=Idealism |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19870717&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=9 August 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=5 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' appreciated the film's songs and dialogues.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=26 July 1987 |title=இவர்கள் இந்தியர்கள் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1987/jul/26-07-1987/p13.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220809050624/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1987/jul/26-07-1987/p13.jpg |archive-date=9 August 2022 |access-date=9 August 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=13 |language=ta}}</ref> Balumani of ''Anna'' praised acting, humour, dialogues, music and direction.<ref>{{cite news|title=இவர்கள் இந்தியர்கள்|work=Anna|language=ta|access-date=18 July 2025|url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP372-6-23-11-84|page=4|date=12 July 1987|last=பாலுமணி |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:1987 Indian films]]
[[Category:1987 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1987 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Manoj–Gyan]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Vidarbha

2026-02-21T21:10:19Z

RowenaGlenny3: formatting fix

{{Short description|Eastern region of the Indian state of Maharashtra}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vidarbha
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|photo1a = Amravati_Court.jpg
|photo1b = VCA Nagpur,India.jpg
|photo2a = Lonar_Meteorite_Crater_edit_1.JPG
|photo2b = Tiger_chasing_a_wild_Pig.jpg
|photo3a = Temple_of_Daitya_Sudana-Lonar-Maharashtra.jpg
|photo3b = Anand_sagar_view.JPG
|spacing = 1
|size = 250
|position = center
|border = 0
|color = #000000
|foot_montage = '''Clockwise from top left''': Court in [[Amravati]], [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve]], [[Shegaon#Anand Sagar|Anand Sagar]], [[Daitya Sudan Temple]], and [[Lonar Lake]]
}}
| image_map = File:India_Vidarbha_locator_map.svg
| map_caption =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharastra]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District(s)]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Akola district|Akola]], [[Amravati District|Amravati]], [[Bhandara District|Bhandara]], [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]], [[Chandrapur District|Chandrapur]], [[Gadchiroli District|Gadchiroli]], [[Gondia District|Gondia]], [[Nagpur District|Nagpur]], [[Wardha District|Wardha]], [[Washim District|Washim]], [[Yavatmal District|Yavatmal]]
|subdivision_type3 = Largest city
|subdivision_name3 = [[Nagpur]]
|area_total_km2 =
|population_total = 23,003,179
|population_as_of = 2011
|demographics1_title1 = Major language
|demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time]]
}}

'''Vidarbha''' (Pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[ʋid̪əɾbʱə]]]) is a geographical region in the [[west India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. Forming the eastern part of the state, it comprises [[Amravati Division|Amravati]] and [[Nagpur Division|Nagpur]] divisions. As per the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], the region had a population of 23,003,179. The region occupies 31.6% of the total area and is home to 21.3% of the total population of Maharashtra. Situated in central India, it borders the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] to the north, [[Chhattisgarh]] to the east, [[Telangana]] to the south and [[Marathwada]] and [[North Maharashtra|Uttar Maharashtra]] regions of Maharashtra to the west.

According to the [[Hindu epic]] ''[[Mahabharata]]'', [[Rukmini]], the wife of lord [[Krishna]], was born to [[Bhishmaka]], the king of the Vidarbha kingdom. Vidarbha was part of the [[Satavahana Empire]] during 1st to 2nd century CE). The coins and inscriptions from the period of [[Paramaras|Paramara]] king [[Jagadeva]], the son of the [[Udayaditya]] (reigned c. 1060–1086) have been found in the northern parts the region. According to the ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'', the region was part of [[Berar Subah]], in the [[Middle Ages|Medieval period]]. In 1680, the region was captured by [[Sambhaji]], the son of [[Shivaji]], who was the founder of [[Maratha Empire]]. In 1724, [[Asaf Jah]], who later became the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], declared independence and brought most of the region under his nominal rule. The administration and right of collecting taxes were held by the Marathas. In 1803, following the defeat of the Marathas, the region came under the rule of [[British East India Company]]. Later, the [[British Empire]] took control of the region from the British East India Company in 1857, and the region was part of [[Berar Province|Berar]] and [[Central Provinces]]. After [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian Independence]] in 1947, the region remained a part of the [[Central Provinces and Berar]]. After the Re-organization of Indian states, majority of the region became part of [[Bombay State]] in 1957. After the bifurcation of [[Bombay State]], into [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]], the region became part of [[Maharashtra]].

The [[GDP]] of the region is estimated to be {{INRconvert|6130.3|b}} 2023-24. The economy of the region is largely dependent on [[agriculture]] with [[Orange (fruit)|oranges]] and [[cotton]] being the major crops. The region also holds considerable mineral resources and forest cover. The region is economically under developed compared to the rest of Maharashtra with considerable [[poverty]] and [[malnutrition]]. Agriculture is largely dependent on seasonal [[monsoons]] and the region receives very less rainfall due to its location in the [[rain shadow]] region of the [[Western Ghats]]. [[Drought]]s and [[famines]] are common with more than 1.4 lakh farmer [[suicide]]s in the period 1997 to 2006.

The largest and major city in the region is [[Nagpur]] and other major towns include [[Amravati]], [[Akola]], [[Chandrapur]], [[Yavatmal]] and [[Gondia]]. [[Varhadi]] and Zadi dialects of [[Marathi language|Marathi]] is widely spoken. There have been demands for a [[Proposed states and union territories of India#Maharashtra|separate state]] of Vidarbha, due to perceived neglect from the [[Government of Maharashtra]]. While the demand is supported by major political parties [[BJP]] and [[Indian National Congress|Congress]], it is opposed by [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]], one of the major regional political parties in the state.

== History ==
[[File:Vidarbhas of the Deccan.jpg|thumb|Coin of the Vidarbhas of the Deccan (1st century BCE)]]

According to the [[Hindu epic]] ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and other ''[[Puranic]]'' scriptures, princess [[Rukmini]] considered to be an incarnation of the goddess [[Lakshmi]] and the wife of lord [[Krishna]], was born to Bhishmaka, the king of the Vidarbha kingdom.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ayyar |first=P. V. Jagadisa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&dq=rukmini+purana&pg=PA29 |title=South Indian Shrines: Illustrated |date=1982 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0151-2 |pages=29}}</ref> Vidarbha was part of the [[Satavahana Empire]] during 1st to 2nd century CE), ascertained by the Satavahana coins found in [[Pauni]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sarma|first1=Inguva Karthikeya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ilBmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA38|title=Coinage of the Satavahana Empire|date=1980|publisher=Agam|page=38|quote=The latest site which contributed valuable numismatic evidence confirming, once and for all, ancient Vidarbha's early Satavahana affiliation is Pauni, in district Bhandara}}</ref>

[[File:Paramaras of Vidarbha King Jagaddeva 12th-13th centuries.jpg|thumb|Coin of King [[Jagadeva]] of the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramaras]] of Vidarbha, 12th–13th centuries CE]]

The coins and inscriptions from the period of [[Paramaras|Paramara]] king [[Jagadeva]] have been found in the northern parts the region. An inscription discovered at [[Jainad]] names Jagadeva as the son of the Paramara king [[Udayaditya]] (reigned c. 1060–1086).<ref>{{cite book |author=Gulab Chandra Choudhary |title=Political History of Northern India, from Jain Sources: (c. 650 A. D. to 1300 A. D.) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CpMBAAAAMAAJ |year=1964 |publisher=Sohanlal Jaindharma Pracharak Samiti |page=108 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=P. C. Roy |title=The Coinage of Northern India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f2Et2zZGJPUC&pg=PA66 |year=1980 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-122-5 |pages=66–68 }}</ref> Scholar M. H. Krishna argued that the [[Chalukya]] king [[Someshvara I|Someshvara]] was known by the title "Jagadeva" ("Lord of the world") in the northern part of his kingdom, and it was he who issued these coins. However, all the known Chalukya coins featured [[Kannada script]], while the coins of Jagadeva featured the [[Nagari script]] used by the Paramaras.<ref>{{cite book |author=A. V. Narasimha Murthy |title=The Coins of Karnataka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fPoXAAAAMAAJ |year=1975 |publisher=Geetha Book House |page=86 }}</ref>

According to the ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'', the region was part of [[Berar Subah]], known as the Gulshan-e-Berar in the [[Medieval India|Medieval period]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Abul Fazl-i-Allami|year=1949|title=Ain-i-Akbari|volume=2|publisher=The Asiatic Society|page=236}}</ref> In 1680, the region was captured by [[Sambhaji]], the son of [[Shivaji]] who was the founder of [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_375.gif|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India|volume=7|page=369|access-date=20 February 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518202651/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_375.gif|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1724, following a battle at [[Buldana]], [[Asaf Jah]] defeated the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] governor and declared independence. Most of the region came under the nominal rule of Jah, who later became the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], though the administration and right of collecting [[chauth]] were held by the Marathas. In 1803, following the defeat of the Marathas, the region came under the rule of [[British East India Company]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_376.gif|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India|volume=7|page=370|access-date=27 June 2024|archive-date=14 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214133846/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_376.gif|url-status=live}}</ref>

Later, the [[British Empire]] took control of the region from the British East India Company in 1857.<ref>{{cite book|title=Great Mutiny: India 1857|first=Christopher|last=Hibbert|date=1 March 2000|publisher=Penguin|page=221|isbn=978-0-1400-4752-3}}</ref> After [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian Independence]] in 1947, the region was part of the [[Bombay State]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Constitution of India|chapter=Article 1|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=31 December 2015|archive-date=2 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402064301/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> After the [[States Reorganisation Act]], which re-organized state boundaries, majority of the region became part of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Thapar|first=Romesh|author-link=Romesh Thapar|title=Change and Conflict in India|publisher=Macmillan|year=1978|isbn=978-0-8364-0222-3|page=75}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=https://thc.nic.in/Central%20Governmental%20Acts/States%20Re-Organisation%20Act,%201956.pdf|title=States Reorganisation Act, 1956|publisher=High Court of Tripura|access-date=16 September 2023|archive-date=29 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929014519/https://thc.nic.in/Central%20Governmental%20Acts/States%20Re-Organisation%20Act,%201956.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Vainganga river21.jpeg|thumb|[[Wainganga]] river]]
Vidarbha lies in [[Central India]] on the northern part of the [[Deccan Plateau]]. It borders the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] to the north, [[Chhattisgarh]] to the east, [[Telangana]] to the south and [[Marathwada]] and [[North Maharashtra|Uttar Maharashtra]] regions of Maharashtra to the west. It lies in the [[rain shadow]] region of the [[Western Ghats]] and the terrain is largely flat. The [[Satpura Range]] lies to the north of Vidarbha region with [[Melghat]] in [[Amravati district]] forming part of the southern offshoot of the Satpura Range.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amravati.gov.in/htmldocs/melghat.htm |title= New Page 2|website=amravati.gov.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830010013/http://amravati.gov.in/htmldocs/melghat.htm |archive-date=30 August 2008}}</ref> Large [[basalt]]ic rock formations exists throughout the region, part of the 66-million-year-old volcanic [[Deccan Traps]]. [[Bhandara district|Bhandara]] and Gondia district are entirely occupied by metamorphic rock and alluvium, making their geology unique in Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gondia.gov.in/htmldocs/phygon.html |title=Gondia geology |publisher=Gondia |access-date=22 September 2010 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155823/http://gondia.gov.in/htmldocs/phygon.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Poorna river basin lies in Western Vidarbha and comprises [[Akola district|Akola]], Amaravati and [[Buldhana district]]s. The region has extremely high innate soil and water salinity.<ref>{{cite web| last = Kher| first = Vivek| title = Social and Economic Issues in the Salinity Affected Areas in Poorna Basin: An overview| website = | date = | url = https://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H032404.pdf| access-date = 8 September 2022| archive-date = 4 August 2023| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230804165827/https://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H032404.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref>

== Administration ==
Vidarbha has 11 districts divided into two divisions: [[Amravati Division|Amravati]] (earlier [[Berar Province|Berar]]) and [[Nagpur Division|Nagpur]] divisions.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFDVAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA131|title=Asian Review |year=1898 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|page=323}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|-
! Division
! Headquarters
! Districts
! Tehsils
|-
![[Amravati Division|Amravati]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amravatidivision.gov.in/|title=Amaravati Division|publisher=[[Government of Maharashtra]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=15 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915084143/http://amravatidivision.gov.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|[[Amravati]]
|{{bulletlist | [[Akola district|Akola]] | [[Amravati District|Amravati]] | [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]] | [[Washim District|Washim]] | [[Yavatmal District|Yavatmal]] }}
|56
|-
![[Nagpur Division|Nagpur]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nagpur.nic.in/divisionalcommissioner/htmlscripts/index.asp|title=Nagpur Division|publisher=[[Government of Maharashtra]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009204959/http://nagpur.nic.in/divisionalcommissioner/htmlscripts/index.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Nagpur]]
|{{bulletlist | [[Bhandara District|Bhandara]] | [[Chandrapur District|Chandrapur]] | [[Gadchiroli District|Gadchiroli]] | [[Gondia District|Gondia]] | [[Nagpur District|Nagpur]] | [[Wardha District|Wardha]] }}
|64
|}
Each district has a collector's office which is responsible for day-to-day administration. The [[District Collector]] is a Central Indian Government IAS appointee who is in charge of the governance of a district in a state.<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/Districts%20List.php Districts Of Maharashtra] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112033302/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/Districts%20List.php |date=12 January 2008 }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
Vidarbha has a total population of {{formatnum:23003179}} according to the 2011 India census.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vidarbha population 2011|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/prov_results_paper2_mah.html|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=9 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509092131/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/prov_results_paper2_mah.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The region occupies 31.6% of the total area and is home to 21.3% of the total population of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mh-31.com/nagpur/about-nagpur/nagpur-general/496-population-census-nagpur |title=Population of Nagpur |date=31 March 2011 |access-date=6 April 2011 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226121326/http://www.mh-31.com/nagpur/about-nagpur/nagpur-general/496-population-census-nagpur |url-status=usurped }}</ref> According to the 2011 census, [[Hinduism]] was the principal religion in the state at 76.91% of the total population, while [[Buddhists]] constituted 13.08 of the total population. Vidarbha accounts for 45.91% of total Buddhists in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="census_2011_religion"/>

{{Bar chart
|float = right
|title = Religion in Vidarbha (2011 census)<ref name="census_2011_religion">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |title=Population by religious community - 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner |access-date=25 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism in Maharashtra|Hinduism]]
|data1 = 76.91
|color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Buddhism]]
|data2 = 13.08
|color2 = yellow
|label3 = [[Islam]]
|data3 = 8.34
|color3 = Green
|label4 = [[Jainism in Maharashtra|Jainism]]
|data4 = 0.44
|color4 = pink
|label5 = [[Christianity in Maharashtra|Christianity]]
|data5 = 0.34
|color5 = blue
|label6 = [[Sikhism]]
|data6 = 0.18
|color6 = darkkhaki
|label7 = Others/Non religious
|data7 = 0.72
|color7 = Grey
}}

{{Bar chart
|float = right
|title = Languages of Vidarbha (2011)<ref name="lang"/>
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |data1 = 73.72 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |data2 = 8.30 |color2 = red
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |data3 = 6.23 |color3 = green
|label4 = [[Lambadi]] |data4 = 2.58 |color4 = brown
|label5 = [[Gondi language|Gondi]] |data5 = 1.83 |color5 = darkturquoise
|label6 = [[Korku language|Korku]] |data6 = 1.10 |color6 = darkviolet
|label7 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |data7 = 1.02 |color7 = blue
|label8 = others |data8 = 5.22 |color8 = grey
}}
{{Table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left" style="font-size: 100%"
|- style="background:#f0f0ff;"
! District
! Male
! Female
! Total
|-
| [[Akola district|Akola]]
| 936,226
| 882,391
| 1,818,617
|-
| [[Amravati district|Amravati]]
| 1,482,845
| 1,404,981
| 2,887,826
|-
| [[Bhandara district|Bhandara]]
| 604,371
| 594,439
| 1,198,810
|-
| [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]]
| 1,342,152
| 1,245,887
| 2,588,039
|-
| [[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]]
| 1,120,316
| 1,073,946
| 2,194,262
|-
| [[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]]
| 542,813
| 528,982
| 1,071,795
|-
| [[Gondia district|Gondia]]
| 662,524
| 659,807
| 1,322,331
|-
| [[Nagpur district|Nagpur]]
| 2,388,558
| 2,264,613
| 4,653,171
|-
| [[Wardha district|Wardha]]
| 665,925
| 630,232
| 1,296,157
|-
| [[Washim district|Washim]]
| 621,228
| 575,486
| 1,196,714
|-
| [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]
| 1,425,593
| 1,349,864
| 2,775,457
|}

The largest city in the region is [[Nagpur]] and other major cities include [[Amravati]], [[Akola]], [[Chandrapur]], [[Yavatmal]] and [[Gondia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Population Ranking Maharashtra |date=22 November 2012 |url=https://www.worldlistmania.com/list-largest-cities-maharashtra/ |publisher=World List |access-date=1 June 2024 |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406004920/https://www.worldlistmania.com/list-largest-cities-maharashtra/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Language and culture ==
As per the 2011 census, 73.72% of the population speaks [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 8.30% [[Hindi]], 6.23% [[Urdu]], 2.58% [[Lambadi]], 1.83% [[Gondi language|Gondi]], 1.10% [[Korku language|Korku]], 1.02% [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and around 1% [[Powari language|Powari]] their first language.<ref name="lang">{{cite report|title=Languages – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref> [[Varhadi]] and Zadi dialects of [[Marathi language|Marathi]] are widely spoken.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.buzzalive.com/lifestyle/travel/dialects-in-maharashtra/ |title=Dialects in Maharashtra|publisher=Buzzalive |access-date=13 April 2017 |archive-date=23 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623013041/http://www.buzzalive.com/lifestyle/travel/dialects-in-maharashtra/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Hindu]] festivals like [[Holi]], [[Diwali]] and [[Vijayadashami|Dasara]] are celebrated throughout the region.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gadchiroli.gov.in/people10.htm |title=People And Their Culture |publisher=Gadchiroli |access-date=22 September 2010 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155714/http://gadchiroli.gov.in/people10.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Nagpur Central Museum]] ({{abbr|est.|established}} 1863) maintains collections from the region.<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/FINAL_GAZETTEE/edu1.html Nagpur District Gazetteer] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422001048/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/FINAL_GAZETTEE/edu1.html |date=22 April 2008 }}</ref>

== Economy ==
[[File:Agriculture farm in Vidarbha.jpeg|thumb|Farmland in Vidarbha region]]

The [[GDP]] of the region is estimated to be {{INRconvert|5445.4|b}} 2022-23. The region also holds considerable mineral resources and forest cover.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sindhindia.com/p/maharastra/nagpur/nagpur-urban/nagpur-urban | title=Nagpur Urban | publisher=Sindhi India | access-date=1 June 2024 | archive-date=2 February 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202234857/http://www.sindhindia.com/p/maharastra/nagpur/nagpur-urban/nagpur-urban | url-status=dead }}</ref> The region is economically under developed compared to the rest of Maharashtra with considerable [[poverty]] and [[malnutrition]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/iwmi-tata_html/PM2003/Schedule/IrrPov.htm |title= PM 2003 Schedule Irr Pov |access-date=6 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071218124256/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/iwmi-tata_html/PM2003/Schedule/IrrPov.htm |archive-date= 18 December 2007 |author= Sanjiv Phansalkar |work= IWMI-TATA Water Policy Research Program}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://in.rediff.com/election/2004/oct/12vidarbha.htm |title=Vidarbha profile on rediff |publisher=[[Rediff]] |date=12 October 2004 |access-date=22 September 2010 |archive-date=4 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604015601/http://in.rediff.com/election/2004/oct/12vidarbha.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shramdeepindia.org.in/melghat.htm |title=WHO declares Melghat as India's most malnutrition-hit area|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830070118/http://www.shramdeepindia.org.in/melghat.htm |publisher=Shramdeep| archive-date=30 August 2007 }}</ref>

The economy of the region is largely dependent on [[agriculture]] with [[Orange (fruit)|oranges]] and [[cotton]] being the major crops. Agriculture is largely dependent on seasonal [[monsoons]] and the region receives very less rainfall. [[Drought]]s and [[famines]] are common with more than 1.4 lakh [[Farmers' suicides in India|farmer suicides]] in the period 1997 to 2006.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/14/stories/2007111453091100.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071116052924/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/14/stories/2007111453091100.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 16 November 2007 |title= Maharashtra: 'graveyard of farmers' |date= 14 November 2007|newspaper= [[The Hindu]] }}</ref> Though the [[Government of India|federal government]] has provided relief packages aimed at the region, with corruption rampant in the region.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071218211400/http://pmindia.nic.in/prelease/pcontent.asp?id=466 relief package for Vidarbha]</ref> Columnist and journalist [[P Sainath]] opined that the relief packages were destined to fail as corruption in the government meant that little impact happened on the ground.<ref>{{cite web |first=P |last=Sainath |url=http://www.indiatogether.org/2006/jul/psa-package.htm |title=Politics of packages, packaging of politics |publisher=Indiatogether.org |date=16 July 2006 |access-date=22 September 2010 |archive-date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826000937/https://indiatogether.org/package-op-ed |url-status=live }}</ref>

Nagpur is a major hub for business and healthcare.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-12-24/news/27722689_1_nagpur-growth-nucleus-second-greenest-city |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219113813/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-12-24/news/27722689_1_nagpur-growth-nucleus-second-greenest-city |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 February 2015 |title=Nagpur – Growth Nucleus of India|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=24 December 2008|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> [[Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur|MIHAN]] is the major cargo hub in the region, operational out of [[Nagpur Airport]].<ref name="aboutmadc">{{cite web|url=http://www.madcindia.org/aboutmadc.htm |title=Maharashtra Airport Development Company Limited |access-date=14 May 2008 |work=madcindia.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510173353/http://www.madcindia.org/aboutmadc.htm |archive-date=10 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="factsheet">{{cite web|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archieve/factsheet/2005/fscivil2005.pdf|title=Maharashtra Airport Development Company Limited|access-date=29 January 2008|publisher=Press Information Bureau and Ministry of Civil Aviation|archive-date=9 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909000315/http://pibarchive.nic.in/archieve/factsheet/2005/fscivil2005.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
Nagpur also hosts [[Information Technology]] [[Special Economic Zone]] (IT SEZ)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/3713.html|title=Nagpur stakes claim to lead boomtown pack|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=1 June 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929125003/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/3713.html|archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref> for information-technology companies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Mihan-is-biggest-development-project/articleshow/2065727.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314133754/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-05-22/nagpur/27875804_1_mihan-health-city-r-c-sinha|url-status=live|archive-date=14 March 2012|title=Mihan is biggest development|access-date=22 May 2007|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 May 2007}}</ref> Amravati and [[Yavatmal]] are known for cotton production. [[Chandrapur]] has a [[Chandrapur Super Thermal Power Station|thermal power station]], which is one of the biggest in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chanda.nic.in/htmldocs/ctps.html|title=Chandrapur Thermal Power Station, A Giant In Power Generation|access-date=20 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525231932/http://chanda.nic.in/htmldocs/ctps.html|archive-date=25 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IleHyBDWbzEC&q=Chandrapur+Super+Thermal+Power+Station&pg=PA671|title=Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories|year=2006|isbn=978-8-178-35372-2|access-date=20 April 2015|last1=Bhatt|first1=S. C.|publisher=Gyan Publishing House }}</ref> There are other heavy industries and mines in the region.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chanda.nic.in/htmldocs/bilt.html |title=Ballarpur Industries Limited- Bilt |publisher=Chanda.nic.in |access-date=22 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003060548/http://chanda.nic.in/htmldocs/bilt.html |archive-date=3 October 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The region has mineral resources with coal and [[manganese]], the major minerals. Iron ore and [[limestone]] have also been identified as potential mining resources.<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/community/community_geo_profileShow.php#resource "Maharashtra Resources"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930030242/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/community/community_geo_profileShow.php#resource |date=30 September 2007 }}</ref> [[Chandrapur district]] contributes 29% of all mineral output of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chanda.nic.in/htmldocs/geology.html |title=Demography |publisher=Chanda.nic.in |access-date=22 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003060401/http://chanda.nic.in/htmldocs/geology.html |archive-date=3 October 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Education ==
{{See also|List of higher education institutions in Maharashtra}}

== Sports and recreation ==
[[Cricket]] is the most popular sport in the region. Nagpur's [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]] (VCA) hosted international cricket matches.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/grounded/58344.html |title=Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground profile |publisher=[[Cricinfo]] |access-date=12 November 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2008, the new [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]] was built in Jamtha.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-domestic-2011/content/ground/375326.html |title=Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadiumprofile |publisher=[[Cricinfo]] |access-date=12 November 2012 |archive-date=17 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217122547/http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-domestic-2011/content/ground/375326.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The eastern part of Vidarbha consists of Maharashtra's oldest [[Protected areas of India|National Park]], the [[Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve]], one of the [[Tiger reserves of India|Project Tiger Reserves]].<ref>{{cite web |title=National Tiger Conservation Authority |url=https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2 |publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]] |access-date=1 June 2024 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325183112/https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://projecttiger.nic.in/tadoba.htm |title=Tadoba Tiger Reserve |publisher=[[Project Tiger]]|access-date=22 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224040201/http://projecttiger.nic.in/tadoba.htm |archive-date=24 February 2012 }}</ref> [[Shegaon]] is a place of pilgrimage with temples attributed to the Hindu saint [[Gajanan Maharaj]] who lived there.<ref>{{cite web|title=Temples of Gajanan Maharaj|url=http://www.gajanan-shegaon.com/int_page.asp?page=temples|publisher=Gajanan Shegaon|access-date=10 October 2017|archive-date=18 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118150159/http://www.gajanan-shegaon.com/int_page.asp?page=temples|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Chikhaldara]] in Amravati district is a [[hill station]] and popular tourist destination.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/chikhaldaras-water-crisis-continues-delays-in-long-term-water-supply-project/articleshow/110064853.cms|title=Chikhaldara's water woes may continue for a yr more|date=13 May 2024|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Politics ==
Vidarbha has ten [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies. [[Nagpur district]] has two seats [[Nagpur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagpur]] and [[Ramtek Lok Sabha constituency|Ramtek]], while [[Gadchiroli-Chimur Lok Sabha constituency]] is spread across districts of [[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]], [[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]] and [[Gondia district|Gondia]]. [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]] and [[Washim district]]s form part of [[Yavatmal–Washim Lok Sabha constituency]]. Other seats include [[Akola Lok Sabha constituency|Akola]], [[Amravati Lok Sabha constituency|Amravati]], [[Bhandara Lok Sabha constituency|Bhandara]], [[Buldhana Lok Sabha constituency|Buldhana]], [[Gondia Lok Sabha constituency|Gondia]], and [[Wardha Lok Sabha constituency|Wardha]]. Amravati and Ramtek seats are reserved for [[Scheduled Caste]] candidates, while Gadchiroli-Chimur is reserved for [[Scheduled Tribes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eci.gov.in/election_maps/Results/PC/S13/S13_PC.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711221400/http://www.eci.gov.in/election_maps/Results/PC/S13/S13_PC.jpg |archive-date=11 July 2007 }}</ref> In the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]], the region is represented by 62 [[Vidhan Sabha]] seats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eci.gov.in/election_maps/Results/AC/S13/S13_AC.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304114803/http://www.eci.gov.in/election_maps/Results/AC/S13/S13_AC.jpg |archive-date=4 March 2009 }}</ref>

== Demand for statehood ==
[[File:MaharashtraVidarbha.png|thumb|Vidarbha region in Maharashtra (dark green)]]

{{main|Vidarbha movement}}

The [[Vidarbha movement]] started in the 1930s demanding a [[Proposed states and union territories of India#Maharashtra|separate state]] of Vidarbha. The demand has been raised at times due to perceived neglect of the region by the [[Government of Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/lok-sabha-elections-2024-separate-vidarbha-anyone-23344849|title=Lok Sabha elections 2024: Separate Vidarbha, anyone?|date=18 April 2024|access-date=1 June 2024|work=Times now|archive-date=23 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523062945/https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/lok-sabha-elections-2024-separate-vidarbha-anyone-23344849|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/india/vidarbha-statehood-demand-missing-from-poll-narratives-in-maharashtra-2974033|title=Vidarbha statehood demand missing from poll narratives in Maharashtra|date=11 April 2024|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> While the demand is supported by major political parties [[BJP]] and [[Indian National Congress|Congress]], it is opposed by [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]], one of the major regional political parties in the state.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/aug/18inter.htm |title= Interview of Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee President Ranjeet Deshmukh |work= [[Rediff]] |date= 18 August 2004 |access-date= 22 September 2010 |archive-date= 22 October 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121022142237/http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/aug/18inter.htm |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Phadke |first=Manasi |date=16 November 2017 |title=I am for a separate Vidarbha state: Maharashtra CM Fadnavis |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-otc/separate-vidarbha-maharashtra-fadnavis/16582/ |access-date=20 March 2024 |work=The Print |archive-date=20 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320144221/https://theprint.in/theprint-otc/separate-vidarbha-maharashtra-fadnavis/16582/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/23/stories/2004032301361300.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040623093743/http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/23/stories/2004032301361300.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 23 June 2004 |title= Very few takers for a separate State |date=23 March 2004 |access-date= 22 September 2010 |newspaper= [[The Hindu]] }}</ref> Political economist [[Shrikant Jichkar]] opposed the separation of the region from Maharashtra, stating that it was not sustainable. He noted that income from available natural resources would not be able to balance the subsidies given by the government, whose cooperation would be vital to any development and that the division introduces societal risks due to dividing of the Marathi-speaking state.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2000/09/09/stories/0209000g.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107121747/http://www.thehindu.com/2000/09/09/stories/0209000g.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 January 2016 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |title=Vidarbha not viable economically |date=9 September 2000}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Dehani lift irrigation scheme]]
* [[List of cities in Vidarbha]]
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]]
* [[Manav Vikas Mission]]
* [[Proposed states and territories of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

{{Coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra|logo=yes}}
{{Vidarbha}}
{{Godavari basin}}
{{Proposed states and territories of India}}

[[Category:Vidarbha| ]]
[[Category:Regions of India]]
[[Category:Regions of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Proposed states and union territories of India]]

East Pakistan Central Peace Committee

2026-02-11T21:54:47Z

RowenaGlenny3: updated details

{{Short description|East Pakistani committee}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = East Pakistan Central Peace Committee
| native_name = {{ubl|{{plainlist|{{langx|bn|পূর্ব পাকিস্তান কেন্দ্রীয় শান্তি কমিটি}}|{{langx|ur|مشرقی پاکستان مرکزی امن کمیٹی}}}}}}
| colorcode = #008000
| leader =
| president = [[Syed Khwaja Khairuddin]]
| chairperson = [[Farid Ahmad]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1971|4|10}}
| ideology = * [[Anti-Bengali sentiment]]
* [[Anti-Hindu sentiment]]
* [[State terrorism]]
* [[Democide]]
| headquarters = [[Dacca]], [[East Pakistan]]
| country = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| abbreviation = {{ubl|PPKSC ([[Bengali language|Bengali]])|EPCPC ([[English language|English]])}}
| founder = 12 people, including [[Tikka Khan]] and [[Ghulam Azam]]
| dissolved = {{Start date and age|1971|12|16}}
| membership = 140<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/different-news/news/414986|title=|date=April 9, 2019|language=bn|script-title=bn:ঢাকায় মুক্তিযুদ্ধবিরোধী নাগরিক শান্তি কমিটি|trans-title=Dhaka's anti-liberation Citizen Peace Committee|access-date=November 15, 2024|work=[[Janakantha]]}}</ref>
| membership_year = April 1971
| position = [[Far-right politics|Far-right]]
| religion =
| national = {{ubl|[[Pakistan Armed Forces]]|[[Razakars (Pakistan)|Razakars]]|[[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami|Jamaat-e-Islami]] | [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]]|[[Al-Shams (East Pakistan)|Al-Shams]]}}
| flag =
}}

'''East Pakistan Central Peace Committee'''{{Efn|({{langx|bn|পূর্ব পাকিস্তান কেন্দ্রীয় শান্তি কমিটি|Purbo Pakistan Kendrio Shanti Committee}}; {{langx|ur|مشرقی پاکستان مرکزی امن کمیٹی}}), also known as the '''Nagorik Shanti Committee''' (Citizen's Peace Committee), or more commonly '''Peace Committee''' or '''Shanti Committee''', founded as the '''Dhaka Nagorik Committee''' ({{Langx|bn|ঢাকা নাগরিক কমিটি|4=Dhaka Citizens Committee}})}} was one of several committees formed in [[East Pakistan]] in 1971 to aid efforts of Pakistani forces during the [[Bangladesh War of Independence]]. [[Nurul Amin]], as a leader of [[Pakistan Democratic Party]], led the formation of the Shanti Committee to thwart the [[Mukti Bahini]], which fought for independence of the region.<ref name="Banglapedia">{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Peace Committee}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=13 April 1971 |script-title=bn:ভারতীয় চক্রান্ত বরদাস্ত করব না |trans-title=We will never tolerate Indian conspiracy |newspaper=[[The Daily Sangram]]}}</ref><ref name="Rubin2010">{{cite book |last=Rubin |first=Barry A. |year=2010 |title=Guide to Islamist Movements |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA59 |publisher=[[M. E. Sharpe]] |page=59 |isbn=978-0-7656-4138-0}}</ref><ref name="Fair2010">{{cite book |last=Fair |first=C. Christine |year=2010 |title=Pakistan: Can the United States Secure an Insecure State? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RC-ANwtR_SoC&pg=PA22 |publisher=[[Rand Corporation]] |pages=21–22 |isbn=978-0-8330-4807-3}}</ref>

== Background ==
On 25 March 1971, the war in East Pakistan began. On 4 April 1971, twelve pro-Pakistan leaders, including [[Nurul Amin]], [[Ghulam Azam]] and [[Khwaja Khairuddin]], met [[General Tikka Khan]] of the Pakistan Army and assured him of co-operation in opposing the Bengali rebellion.<ref name="chandan">{{cite book |script-title=bn:একাত্তরের ঘাতক ও দালালরা |trans-title=The Killers and Collaborators of 71 |last=Chandan |first=Azadur Rahman |date=February 2011 |orig-year=2009 |edition=Revised 2nd |publisher=Jatiya Sahitya Prakash |location=[[Dhaka]] |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/105628755/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8 |pages=48–54 |archive-date=4 December 2013 |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204182022/http://www.scribd.com/doc/105628755/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> After subsequent meetings, they announced the formation of Citizen Peace Committee, with 140 members.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=133777 |title='Peace Committee formed on Apr 10 in '71 to resist birth of Bangladesh' |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]] |access-date=7 March 2016 |archive-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308055315/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=133777 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="dpak11041971">{{cite news |script-title=bn:ঢাকায় নাগরিক শান্তি কমিটি |newspaper=[[Daily Pakistan]] |date=11 April 1971}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.observerbd.com/2014/10/25/50744.php |title=Wartime crime charges against Ghulam Azam |work=[[The Daily Observer (Bangladesh)]] |access-date=7 March 2016 |archive-date=15 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115031759/https://www.observerbd.com/2014/10/25/50744.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first recruits included 96 Jamaat-e-Islami members, who started training in an Ansar camp at Khanjahan Ali Road, [[Khulna]].<ref>{{cite news |date=25 May 1971 |newspaper=[[Daily Pakistan]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=26 May 1971 |newspaper=[[The Azad|The Daily Azad]]}}</ref> The Shanti Committee also recruited [[Razakars (Pakistan)|Razakars]].<ref name="Wall Street Journal">''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', 27 July 1971; quoted in the book ''Muldhara 71'' by Moidul Hasan</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/07/15/guilty-of-all-grisly-acts |title=Guilty of all grisly acts |work=[[bdnews24.com]] |date=15 July 2013 |access-date=7 March 2016}}</ref>

== History ==
The leaders of the East Pakistan Central Peace Committee called on citizens of Pakistan to defend Pakistan from ''"Indian aggression"'', as India was accused of supporting the Bangladeshi liberation movement. The Peace Committee organised a rally from [[Baitul Mukarram]] to Chawkbazar Mosque on 13 April. The rally was to end with a meeting near [[New Market, Dhaka]]. At the end of the rally, riots began in [[Azimpur, Dhaka|Azimpur]], Shantinagar and Shankhari Bazar areas, fire was set to houses of Bengalis and some were killed.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Karlekar |first=Hiranmay |date=2005 |title=Bangladesh: The Next Afghanistan? |url=https://archive.org/details/bangladeshnextaf0000karl |url-access=registration |publisher=SAGE |page=149 |isbn=978-0-7619-3401-1}}</ref>

The Peace Committee spread throughout East Pakistan, reaching even rural villages. Compared to the indiscriminate killing of Pakistan Army, the Peace Committee were more specific and guided by lists, they made of opponents.<ref name=":0" /> The members of Peace Committee were feared and hated by the population of East Pakistan. Peace committee members were killed during the war.<ref>{{cite book |last=United States Congress |date=1971 |title=Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eC-8cRFQOycC |publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]] |pages=27134–27135}}</ref>

On 14 April, at a meeting in Dhaka, the Citizen Peace Committee renamed itself as the East Pakistan Central Peace Committee. A working committee was formed consisting of 21 members.<ref name=po-apr16>{{cite news |title=Citizens Peace Committee Renamed |newspaper=[[The Pakistan Observer]] |date=16 April 1971}}</ref> They set up an office in [[Maghbazar]]. The Peace Committee appointed one or more liaison officers for the different police station areas of Dhaka. On 17 April 1971, the members of the peace committee apprised Governor [[Tikka Khan]] of the progress made by them toward restoring normalcy and confidence among the citizens.<ref name=po-apr17>{{cite news |date=17 April 1971 |title=Peace Committee Leaders call on the Governor |newspaper=[[The Pakistan Observer]]}}</ref> The central peace committee was being deputed to the district and divisional headquarters throughout east Pakistan.<ref name=po-apr26>{{cite news |date=26 April 1971 |title=Peace Committee to be set up in districts |newspaper=[[The Pakistan Observer]]}}</ref> When Pakistani troops arrived in [[Munshiganj]], south of the capital, on 9 May 1971, they were warmly received by the local peace committee and other residents.<ref name=purbadesh>{{cite news |title=Munshiganj Welcomes Pak Troops |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/newspapers/paob19710512-01.1.1 |date=12 May 1971 |newspaper=[[The Pakistan Observer]] |pages=1, 6}}</ref>

According to the historian Azadur Rahman Chandan in his 2011 book about the war, the Peace Committee was the first organisation to be set up by local residents who collaborated with Pakistan.<ref name="chandan"/> Its members were drawn from the Muslim League, [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-e-Islami]], which thought an independent Bangladesh was against Islam; as well as the [[Urdu]]-speaking [[Biharis]].<ref name="kann">{{cite news |first=Peter R. |last=Kann |date=27 July 1971 |title=East Pakistan Is Seen Gaining Independence, But It Will Take Years |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref>

== Tasks ==

* This was a pro-Pakistan local militia formed during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War.
* They collaborated with the '''Pakistan Army''' to suppress the Bengali nationalist movement.
* Members of this committee were involved in:
** Targeted killings of Bengali nationalists and intellectuals.
** Supporting the Pakistan Army in atrocities, including massacres and widespread rape.
** Instigating violence and terrorizing Bengali civilians.

* They earned a notorious reputation for betrayal and brutality against the Bengali population.

== Abolition ==
On 16 December 1971, after the end of the war, the committee was abolished.<ref name="Banglapedia" />

== Former members ==
* [[Khwaja Khairuddin]] - President of [[Council Muslim League|East Pakistan Council Muslim League]]

== See also ==
* [[Bangladesh genocide]] (1971)
** [[Bangladesh Genocide Remembrance Day]]
** [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al Badr]], perpetrator
** [[Al-Shams (East Pakistan)|Al Shams]], perpetrator
** [[Razakars (Pakistan)|Razakars]], perpetrator
** [[Mujahid Bahini (East Pakistan)|Mujahid Bahini]], perpetrator
* [[List of massacres in Bangladesh]]
** [[Persecution of Biharis in Bangladesh]]
** [[Persecution of Buddhists#Bangladesh|Persecution of Buddhists in Bangladesh]]
** [[Persecution of Hindus#Bangladesh|Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh]]
** [[Persecution of Christians in Bangladesh]]
** [[Attacks on secularists in Bangladesh|Persecution of atheists and secularists in Bangladesh]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{1971 Bangladesh genocide}}

[[Category:Politics of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:Reactions to the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Wartime collaboration]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi war crimes]]
[[Category:Perpetrators of the Bangladesh genocide]]

Dilpreet Dhillon

2026-02-11T07:27:17Z

RowenaGlenny3: slightly reworked content after review and updated info

{{Short description|Indian singer and actor}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Fatehgarh Sahib]], Punjab
| spouse =
| relatives =
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Folk music|Folk]]
* [[R&B]]
* [[Hindustani classical music|Semi-classical]]}}
| origin = [[India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|actor}}
| years_active = 2014–present
| label = {{hlist|Speed Records|White Hill Music|Humble Music|Saga Music|[[Times Music]]|}}

}}
}}

'''Dilpreet Dhillon''',<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dilpreet Dhillon - New Songs, Playlists & Latest News - BBC Music|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/2e3c2c44-7d6e-4bed-a2f0-cac4565d3c7f|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215212448/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/2e3c2c44-7d6e-4bed-a2f0-cac4565d3c7f|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 15, 2020|access-date=2020-11-06|website=BBC|language=en-GB}}</ref> is an Indian singer and actor associated with the [[Music of Punjab|Punjabi music]] and [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi film industry]]. He started his career as a singer, and later debuted as an actor with the film ''[[Once Upon A Time In Amritsar]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-05|title=DILPREET DHILLON|url=http://eypcreations.com/dilpreet-dhillon/|access-date=2020-11-08|website=Best Event And Artist Management Company in Punjab {{!}} EYP Creations|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=I Had Never Dreamt Of Being A Singer But Always Used To Say "Ik Din Jatt Apna Gaana Kadhuga'!|url=http://www.ghaintpunjab.com/GhaintPunjab/Article/6642/dilpreet-dhillon-punjabi-singer-interview|access-date=2020-11-10|website=Ghaint Punjab}}</ref>

==Discography==
===Studio albums===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Title
! Album details
! Songs
! Lyrics
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="8"|8 Kartoos <ref>{{Citation |title=8 Kartoos |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5ddNyI3oaKlq7p7kHbMb0X |language=en |access-date=2020-11-05}}</ref>
| rowspan="8" |

*Released: 2015
*Music: Desi Crew
*label: Speed Records
|Dhillon Da Munda
|Bunty Bains
|-
|Fire Bolde {{small|(with Inder Kaur)}}
|Happy Raikoti
|-
|Gulab
{{small|(with Goldy Desi Crew)}}
|Narinder Batth
|-
|Kartoos
|Akashdeep Sandhu
|-
|Muchh
|Narinder Batth
|-
|Noonh Bebe Di
|Happy Raikoti
|-
|Show Match
|Narinder Batth
|-
|Thar Wala Yaar
{{small|(feat. Sara Gurpal)}}
|Amrinder Virk
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="6" |Dushman <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dushman (feat. Gurlej Akhtar) - EP by Dilpreet Dhillon |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/dushman-feat-gurlej-akhtar-ep/1493404518 |access-date=2020-11-06 |website=Apple Music |language=en-us}}</ref>
| rowspan="6" |

*Released: 2020
*Music: Desi Crew
*label: Speed Records

|Kabza
| rowspan="6" |Narinder Batth
|-
|Chandigarh {{small|(with Gurlez Akhtar)}}
|-
|Mucch
|-
|Dushman
|-
|Akdaan {{small|(with Gurlez Akhtar)}}
|-
|Velly Jatt
|-
!scope="row"| Next Chapter
|

*Released: 2021
*Music: Desi Crew
*label: Speed Records
|
|Narinder Batth
|}

== Singles discography ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Song
! rowspan="2" | Year
! rowspan="2" | Music
! colspan="4" | Peak chart position
! rowspan="2" | Lyrics
! rowspan="2" | Label
! rowspan="2" | Album
|-
![[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]]
![[NZ Hot Singles|NZ Hot]]
![[UK Asian Music Chart|UK Asian]]
!UK Punjabi
|-
|Gunday No. 1 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Popular Punjabi Song 'Gunday No. 1' Sung By Dilpreet Dhillon {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/watch-popular-punjabi-song-gunday-no-1-sung-by-dilpreet-dhillon/videoshow/77672127.cms |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |2014
|Desi Crew
|—
|
|
|
|Narinder Batth
| rowspan="2" |Speed Records
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|32 Bore
|Goldboy
|—
|
|
|
|
|-
|Gunday Returns <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gunday Returns Song By Dilpreet Dhillon {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/gunday-returns-song-by-dilpreet-dhillon/videoshow/64711797.cms |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |2015
| rowspan="3" |Desi Crew
|—
|
|
|
|Happy Raikoti
| rowspan="3" |Speed Records
|-
|Muchh
|
|
|
|
|Narinder Batth
|8 Kartoos
|-
|Shreaam Apni
|2016
|
|
|
|
|Akashdeep Sandhu
|
|-
|Raah Jandi
| rowspan="4" |2017
| rowspan="4" |Desi Crew
|—
|
|
|
|Narinder Batth, Raman Sidhu
|Desi Crew
|
|-
|Wang
|—
|
|
|
|Satta
| rowspan="3" |Speed Records
|
|-
|Yaaran De Group
|
|
|
|
|Narinder Batth
|
|-
|Sade Munde Da Viah {{Small|(with Goldy Desi Crew)}}
|—
|
|12<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20171006/asian/ |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
|Jaggi Sanghera
|
|-
|Chill Mode
| rowspan="5" |2018
|[[Deep Jandu]]
|
|
|
|
|[[Happy Raikoti]]
| rowspan="2" |Humble Music
|
|-
|Gunday Ik Vaar Fer {{Small|(with Baani Sandhu)}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Punjabi Song Gunday Ik Vaar Fer Sung By Dilpreet Dhillon Feat. Baani Sandhu {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/latest-punjabi-song-gunday-ik-vaar-fer-sung-by-dilpreet-dhillon-feat-baani-sandhu/videoshow/64994496.cms |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|Western Punduz
|—
|
|
|
|Jassi Lohka, Lagi Jhinjher
|
|-
|Red Rose
|Deep Jandu
|—
|
|
|
|Gill Duggan Wala
|Speed Records
|
|-
|Yaar Graribaaz {{Small|(featuring [[Karan Aujla]] & Shree Brar)}}
|Desi Crew
|—
|
|
|
|Shree Brar
|Saga Music
|
|-
|Picka <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Punjabi Song Picka Sung By Dilpreet Dhillon {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/latest-punjabi-song-picka-sung-by-dilpreet-dhillon/videoshow/66165888.cms |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|Desi Crew
|—
|
|
|
|Sandhu Saiyanwala
|Saga Music
|
|-
|Rangle Duppate <ref>{{Cite web |title=पंजाबी गाना 'रेंगल दुपट्टे' का ऑफिशल विडियो हुआ रिलीज |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/punjabi-songs/watch-new-punjabi-song-rangle-dupatte-sung-by-dilpreet-dhillon/videoshow/71890229.cms |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |2019
|Desi Crew
|—
|
|
|
|Narinder Batth
|Speed Records
|
|-
|Pegg Paa {{Small|(with Gaggi Dhillon)}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Punjabi Song 'Peg Paa' Sung By Gaggi Dhillon & Dilpreet Dhillon {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/latest-punjabi-song-peg-paa-sung-by-gaggi-dhillon-dilpreet-dhillon/videoshow/71521008.cms |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|Desi Crew
|—
|
|
|
|Gaagi Dhillon, Dilpreet Dhillon
|VS RECORDS
|
|-
|Veham <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Punjabi Song 'Veham' Sung By Dilpreet Dhillon {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/latest-punjabi-song-veham-sung-by-dilpreet-dhillon/videoshow/69007370.cms |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|Desi Crew
|—
|
|
|
|Narinder Batth
|Speed Records
|
|-
|Dilpreet Dhillon Is Back {{Small|(with Gurlez Akhtar)}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjabi Gana New Video Songs Geet 2020: Latest Punjabi Song 'Dilpreet Dhillon Is Back' Sung by Dilpreet Dhillon feat Gurlej Akhtar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/punjabi-gana-new-video-songs-geet-2020-latest-punjabi-song-dilpreet-dhillon-is-back-sung-by-dilpreet-dhillon-feat-gurlej-akhtar/videoshow/77163025.cms |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" |2020
|Desi Crew
|—
|
|
|
|Narinder Batth
|Speed Records
|
|-
|25 Ghante {{small|(with Gurlez Akhtar)}} <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kapoor |first=Diksha |date=2020-08-21 |title=Dilpreet Dhillon To Release His Next Song '25 Ghante' On His Birthday. Deets Here |url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/dilpreet-dhillon-to-release-his-next-song-25-ghante-on-his-birthday-deets-here/ |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=PTC Punjabi |language=en-US}}</ref>
|Desi Crew
|—
|
|
|
|Narinder Batth
|Rich Gang
|
|-
|Blames {{small|(with Gurlez Akhtar)}} <ref>{{Cite news |title=Dilpreet Dhillon's new single 'Blames' is out - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/dilpreet-dhillons-new-single-blames-is-out/articleshow/75620899.cms |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=The Times of India |date=8 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|Desi Crew
|—
|
|
|
|Rammy Chahal
|Humble Music
|
|-
|Bazaar Band {{small|(with DJ Flow)}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Latest Punjabi Video Song 'Bazaar Band' Sung By DJ Flow And Dilpreet Dhillon {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/watch-latest-punjabi-video-song-bazaar-band-sung-by-dj-flow-and-dilpreet-dhillon/videoshow/75442853.cms |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|Dj Flow
|—
|
|
|
|Narinder Batth
|Worldwide Records
|
|-
|Jatt Te Jawani {{Small|(featuring [[Karan Aujla]])}}
| rowspan="2" |2021
| rowspan="2" |Desi Crew
|78<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2013-01-02 |title=Billboard Canadian Hot 100 |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100/2021-03-13/ |access-date=2022-10-18 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref>
|32<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official New Zealand Music Chart |url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2021-03-05 |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=THE OFFICIAL NZ MUSIC CHART |language=en}}</ref>
|4<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20210305/asian/ |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|2<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Punjabi Music Chart Top 20 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/punjabi-chart/20210307/punjabi/ |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|Narinder Batth
| rowspan="2" |[[Times Music|Speed Records]]
| rowspan="2" |Next Chapter
|-
|Shining Koka {{Small|(with Mehar Vaani)}}
|—
|
|14<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20210723/asian/ |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
|Mandeep Maavi
|-
|Taur Jattan Di {{Small|(with Kulbir Jhinger)}}
|2022
|Desi Crew
|—
|
|21 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Music Chart Top 40 {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20220415/asian/ |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=www.officialcharts.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|}

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Movie
!Role
|-
|2016
|[[Once Upon A Time In Amritsar|Once upon a Time in Amritsar]]<ref name="DOB">{{Cite web|title=Dilpreet Dhillon Filmography {{!}} Biography of Dilpreet Dhillon|url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/celeb-details/dilpreet-dhillon|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.indianfilmhistory.com|language=en}}</ref>
|Ranjeet
|-
|2017
|The Great Sardaar<ref name="DOB" />
|Gurjant
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|[[Chandigarh Amritsar Chandigarh]]<ref name="DOB" />
|Prince
|-
|Jaddi Sardar<ref name="DOB" />
|Jeeta
|-
|2022
|Saas Meri Ne Munda Jamya
|Harmeet
|-
|2022
|Mera Vyah Kara Do
|Ekam
|-

|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhillon, Dilpreet}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Gabriella Charlton

2026-02-01T02:33:00Z

RowenaGlenny3: add structure per standard format

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gabriella Charlton
| image =
| caption = Gabi in 2023
| birth_name = Gabriella Natalie Charlton
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1999|12|18}}
| birth_place = 
| occupation = {{hlist|actress|dancer}}
| education = [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College of Arts & Science]]
| other names = Gabi
| years_active = 2009–Present
| known_for = {{hlist|''[[Jodi No.1 (TV series)|Jodi Number One]]''|''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 4)|Bigg Boss Tamil]]''|''[[Eeramana Rojave (TV series)|Eeramana Rojave 2]]''|''[[Marumagal (TV series)|Marumagal]]''}}
}}

'''Gabriella Natalie Charlton''' (born 18 December 1999) <ref>{{Citation |title=What I Did On My Birthday {{!}} Mom Surprised Me {{!}} Gabriella Charlton |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0vtaVXnUCM |access-date=22 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian actress and [[television personality]] who works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language television and film. She has appeared on the reality dance television series ''Jodi Junior'' and appeared on the seventh season of ''[[Jodi No.1 (TV series)|Jodi Number One]]'', which she won. In 2020, she was a contestant on the fourth season of the reality series ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 4)|Bigg Boss Tamil]]''.

== Career ==
Gabriella began her career in television at the age of nine, by appearing in ''Jodi Junior'', a dance reality show broadcast on [[STAR Vijay]].<ref name="A">{{Cite web |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/lifestyle/vijay-tv-gabriella-instagram-gabriella-charlton-jodi-no1-gabriella-hotstar-215785/ |title=விஜய் டிவி ஜூனியர்ஸ் எல்லோரும் இப்ப சீனியர்ஸ்.. இவங்க யார் தெரியுதா? |date=19 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="The Times of India 2023 j016">{{cite web |title=From Neelima Rani to Sujitha Dhanush: Tamil actresses who started their career as child artists |website=The Times of India |date=31 August 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/from-neelima-rani-to-sujitha-dhanush-tamil-actresses-who-started-their-career-as-child-artists/photostory/103248976.cms?from=mdr |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref> She also appeared as Gaby in ''[[7C (TV series)|7aam Vaguppu C Pirivu]]'', a Tamil soap opera about school children, that aired on STAR Vijay. She also appeared on the sixth season of Star Vijay's reality dance series ''[[Jodi No.1 (TV series)|Jodi Number One]]'', which she won.<ref name="The Hindu opps">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-columns/reality-shows-change-lives/article5849219.ece |title=Reality shows change lives |first1=K. |last1=Lakshmi |first2=Zubeda |last2=Hamid |newspaper=The Hindu |date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331052823/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-columns/reality-shows-change-lives/article5849219.ece |archive-date=31 March 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Gabriella Charlton appeared as [[Shruthi Haasan]]'s sister in the romantic thriller film ''[[3 (2012 Indian film)|3]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=தனுஷின் 3 படத்தில் கேப்ரியெல்லா நடிக்க இப்படி தான் வாய்ப்பு கிடைத்ததா? |url=https://cinesamugam.com/is-this-how-gabriella-got-the-opportunity-to-act-in-dhanushs-3-1694080045 |access-date=22 December 2023 |website=Tamil Cinema News |language=en}}</ref> and later as [[Prakash Raj]]'s daughter in ''[[Chennaiyil Oru Naal]]''. She also portrayed a significant role in ''[[Appa (2016 film)|Appa]]''.<ref name="B">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/gabriellas-going-places/article8589952.ece |title=Gabriella's going places |first=Harshitha D. |last=Kumayaa |newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 May 2016}}</ref> She was a finalist in [[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 4)|Bigg Boss Season 4]]. In ''[[Eeramana Rojave (TV series)|Eeramana Rojaave 2]]'', she played one of the leads. As of 2024, she is doing a lead role in the Sun TV series ''Marumagal''.

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
! Film
! Role(s)
!Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|2012|| ''[[3 (2012 Indian film)|3]]'' || Sumi
|Debut Film; Child Artist|| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="A"/>
|-
|2013
| ''[[Chennaiyil Oru Naal]]''|| Riya
|Child Artist || style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="B" />
|-
|2016|| ''[[Appa (2016 film)|Appa]]'' || Rashitha Bhanu
||| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="B"/>
|-
|2025
|''[[Varunan]]''
|Sittu
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2025-02-22 |title=கேப்ரில்லா நடித்துள்ள 'வருணன்' படத்தின் டிரெய்லர் வெளியீடு |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/trailer-of-varunan-starring-gabriella-released-1145101 |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}</ref>
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable
!Year
! Series/Shows
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|2009
| ''[[Jodi No.1 (TV series)|Jodi Number One Junior]]'' || Contestant || Reality Dance Competition; Winner || style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="B"/>
|-
|2012
| ''7aam Vaguppu C Pirivu'' || Gaby || TV series || style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="A"/>
|-
|2013-2014
| ''[[Jodi No.1 (TV series)|Jodi Number One Season 6]]''
|Contestant|| Reality Dance Competition; Winner || style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="B" />
|-
|2015
| ''[[Genes (game show)|Genes Season 2]]''|| Participant || ||
|-
|2020-2021
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 4)|Bigg Boss Tamil Season 4]]''|| Contestant || Walked, On Day 102 With Cash Prize 5 Lakhs|| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/entertainment/2020/oct/04/bigg-boss-tamil-season-4-check-out-the-list-of-contestants-102963.html |title=Bigg Boss Tamil Season 4: Check out the list of contestants |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[BB Jodigal]]'' Season 1||Contestant||Reality Dance Competition; Runner Up
|
|-
|''[[Raja Rani (Tamil TV series)|Raja Rani 2]]''||Herself||Guest appearance,TV series
|
|-
|2022–2023
|''[[Eeramana Rojave (TV series)|Eeramana Rojave 2]]''
|Kavya Parthiban
| Lead, TV series
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya]]''
| Herself
| Participant
|
|-
|2024–present
| ''[[Marumagal (TV series)|Marumagal]]''
| Aadhirai Prabhu
| Lead, TV series
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|11616352}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Charlton, Gabriella}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:1998 births]]

Chamundeshwari Temple

2026-01-25T21:57:35Z

RowenaGlenny3: Updated and refined page content

{{Short description|Temple in the state of Karnataka in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Chamundeshwari Temple
| image = Chamundeshwari Temple Mysore.jpg
| alt =
| caption = The [[Gopuram|gopura]]
| map_type = Karnataka
| map_caption = Location in Karnataka
| coordinates = {{coord|12.272474|76.670611|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =

| country = [[Republic of India]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Mysore]]
| locale = [[Chamundi Hill]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Chamunda|Chamundeshwari]]
| festivals= Navaratri
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| date_built =
| creator =
| website = [http://chamundeshwaritemple.in/ Chamundeshwari Temple]
}}

The '''Chamundeshwari Temple''' is a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] temple located on the top of [[Chamundi Hills]] about 13&nbsp;km from the palace city of [[Mysore|Mysuru]] in the state of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chamundeshwari Temple|url=https://www.karnatakatourism.org/tour-item/chamundeshwari-temple-mysuru/|url-status=live|website=www.karnatakatourism.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814135720/https://www.karnatakatourism.org/tour-item/chamundeshwari-temple-mysuru/ |archive-date=14 August 2020 }}</ref> The temple was named after [[Chamunda|Chamundeshwari]] or, the fierce form of [[Shakti]], a [[tutelary deity]] held in reverence for centuries by the [[Maharaja of Mysore|Maharaja of Mysuru]].

Chamundeshwari is called by the people of Karnataka as Nada Devi (ನಾಡ ದೇವಿ), which means state Goddess. It is situated at the elevation of around 3300&nbsp;ft from the mean sea level. It is believed that Goddess [[Durga]] slew the demon king [[Mahishasura]] on the top of this hill which was ruled by him. The place was later known as '''Mahishooru''' (Place of Mahisha) and '''Mysuru''' in a general Kannada phonetic pronunciation. Later, the British anglicized it to '''Mysore'''.

==Religious importance==
The Chamundeshwari Temple is considered as a [[Shakta pithas|Shakta pitha]] and one among the 18 Shakta pithas. It is known as ''Krouncha Pitha'' as the region was known in Puranic times as Krouncha Puri.
It is said that the hair of [[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Sati]] fell here.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-15|title=Shri Chamundi Temple|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/Mysore/Shri-Chamundi-Temple/ps26906389.cms|url-status=live|website=www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806013525/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/mysore/shri-chamundi-temple/ps26906389.cms |archive-date=6 August 2018 }}</ref>

==Architecture==
[[File:Nandi, the bull-Chamundi hills.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Monolithic image of [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] in the temple premises]]
The original shrine is thought to have been built in the 12th century by the rulers of the [[Hoysala]] Dynasty while its tower was probably built by the Rulers of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] in the 17th century. In 1659, a staircase of one thousand steps was built leading up to the 3000-foot summit of the hill.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.templenet.com/Karnataka/chamundi.html
|title=Chamundeswari Hill Temple - Mysore
|access-date=2006-09-12
}}</ref> The sanctum houses the image of Chamundeswari sported with 'Ashtabhuja' or eight hands.
At the temple are several images of [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] (the bull mount of [[Shiva]]). There is a huge [[granite]] Nandi on the 700th step on the hill in front of a small Shiva temple a short distance away. The image was installed by Mysore Maharaja Dooda Devaraja Wodeyar during 1664. The Chamundi hills also houses Sri Mahabaleswara temple and also Sri Narayanaswamy temple.<ref name=temple>{{cite book|title=Sri Chamundeswari temple|publisher=Chamundeswari temple administration|year=2019|page=3}}</ref>

==Festivals==
The temple is famous for the celebrations of festivals like Ashada Shukravara (ಆಶಾಡಾ ಶುಕ್ರವಾರ), Navaratri and Ammanavara Vardhanthi (ಅಮ್ಮನವರ ವರ್ಧಂತಿ). In the month of [[Ashadha]], Fridays are considered particularly auspicious. Lakhs of devotees throng the temple during this occasion. Another festival celebrated during this month is Chamundi Jayanti. This day is celebrated on the anniversary of the consecration of the [[Uthsavar|Utsava Moorti]] of the goddess by the Maharaja of Mysore. On this occasion, the goddess's idol is taken around the temple in a golden palanquin.{{fact|date=September 2021}}

The most important festival that is celebrated here is [[Navaratri]]. [[Mysore Dasara|Mysuru Dasara]] is celebrated as the state festival of Karnataka, called Nada habba (ನಾಡಾ ಹಬ್ಬಾ) in Kannada. During Navaratri, the idol is decorated in 9 different ways to depict the nine different aspects of the goddess known as [[Navadurgas]]. On the 7th day of Navaratri that is dedicated to the goddess [[Kalaratri]], valuable jewels donated by Maharajas are brought from the District Treasury of Mysuru and are given to the temple to decorate the idol.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-11-08|title=Mysore Dasara|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/mysore-dasara|access-date=2021-09-02}}</ref>

Another temple is situated at the foothill which is in Utthanahalli called as [[Jwala Ji|Jwalamalini]] Sri [[Tripura Sundari]] Temple. This goddess is considered the sister of Chamundeshwari who helped her at the battlefield to slay the demon [[Raktabīja]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mysuru (Mysore): Jwalamukhi Tripura Sundari Devi Temple|work=[[Tripadvisor]]|url=https://www.tripadvisor.in/Travel-g304553-c153570/Mysuru-Mysore:India:Jwalamukhi.Tripura.Sundari.Devi.Temple.html|access-date=2021-09-02}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{commons category|Chamundeshwari Temple}}
* [https://chamundeshwaritemple.in Official website]
{{Mysore topics}}
{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Mysore]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Mysore district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Mysore]]
[[Category:Devi temples in Karnataka]]

Noida Sector 18 metro station

2026-01-18T22:06:53Z

RowenaGlenny3: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Short description|Metro station in Delhi, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|50px]] Noida Sector 18
| type = {{Delhi Metro Infobox station line|line=Blue}}
| style = Delhi Metro
| image = File:Viaduct - Noida Sector-18 metro station of Delhi Metro's Blue Line.jpg
| image_caption = Viaduct - Noida Sector-18 metro station
| address = Captain Vijayant Thapar Marg, Sector 18, [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] 201301
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Delhi Metro|Blue|croute}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]]
| platform = {{ubl|[[Side platform]]|Platform-1 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Blue|R|type=main}}|Platform-2 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Blue|L}}}}
| depth =
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking =
| bicycle =
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|2009|11|12}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code = {{#property:P296}}
| owned = [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]] Ltd. (DMRC)
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers = Average 21,357 /day 662,079 (Month of Jan)
| pass_year = 2015
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Delhi Metro|line=Blue|type=main|left=Noida Sector 16|right=Botanical Garden}}
| route_map = {{Delhi Metro Blue Line Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Blue}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

The '''Noida Sector 18''' is a metro station on the [[Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue Line]] of the [[Delhi Metro]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |title=Station Information |access-date=2010-06-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035828/http://delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |archive-date=19 June 2010}}</ref> The central hub for shopping destinations in Noida including [[The Great India Place]], [[DLF Mall of India]]. Atta Market(street shopping hub of Noida) among others is located just off the metro station.

== Station layout ==
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 1''' '''South East bound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Blue|R|type=main}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Botanical Garden}} '''''Change at the next station for '''{{rcb|Delhi Metro|Magenta|croute}}''
|-
|'''Platform 2''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Blue|L}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Noida Sector 16}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Concourse
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street Level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|}

==Market place==
There is a sector 18 market below the metro station which consists of food places, street food, clothing, electronics, etc. opposite sector 18 market is a wholesale market also called atta market. Atta market is very famous in public for its pocket friendly price of apparel.

==Facilities==

List of available [[Cash machine|ATMs]] at Noida Sector 18 metro station are [[HDFC Bank]] and [[Punjab National Bank]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/ATM_details.aspx |title=DMRC: ATM Details| publisher= Google Maps| access-date= 14 December 2021}}</ref>

==Connections==
===Bus===
[[Delhi Transport Corporation]] bus routes number 33, 33A, 33EXT, 34A, 319, 319A, 323, 347, 443, 491 and 493 serve the station from the Sector 28 [[bus stop]] nearby.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Sector+28/@28.5689594,77.3285625,19.27z/data=!4m12!1m6!3m5!1s0x0:0xe004e8e699d51b12!2sSector+28!8m2!3d28.568993!4d77.328571!3m4!1s0x0:0xe004e8e699d51b12!8m2!3d28.568993!4d77.328571 |title=Sector 28 - Google Maps| publisher= Google Maps| access-date= 14 December 2021}}</ref>

[[File:A bus of the "Yamuna Sarthi Bus Seva" at the Botanical Garden metro station.jpg|thumb|left|A bus of the "Yamuna Sarthi Bus Seva" at the Botanical Garden metro station]]

In addition, the Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority (YEIDA) runs the "Yamuna Sarthi" bus service connecting Noida, Greater Noida and the Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority (YEIDA) areas. It consists of CNG semi-low-floor buses, each with a capacity of 50 passengers, running from the [[Botanical Garden metro station]] to Sector 22D in YEIDA area.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realtynmore.com/yamuna-sarathi-bus-service-launched/ |title=Yamuna Sarathi bus service launched |website= realtynmore.com |publisher= Realty & More |access-date= 14 December 2021|quote=}}</ref> The buses traverse a circular route covering 13 bus stops, including Botanical Garden metro station, [[The Great India Place|The Great India Place Mall]], [[Amity University, Noida|Amity University]], ATS Village in Sector 93A, KPMG, Kondli, Pari Chowk, Parasvnath P3, YEIDA office, [[Gautam Buddha University]], [[Galgotias University Campus One|Galgotia University]], Dankaur and Sector 22D of the YEIDA area.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fr-fr.facebook.com/TheIndiaEstates/posts/noida-a-new-bus-service-yamuna-sarthi-was-flagged-off-on-friday-connecting-noida/877725652302883/ |title=NOIDA : A new bus service, 'Yamuna... - The India Estates |date= 11 July 2015 |website= facebook.com |publisher= Facebook |access-date= 14 December 2021}}</ref>

There are also some private [[Force Traveller]] operators that ply between the Botanical Garden metro station and Pari Chowk, [[Greater Noida]], passing near the Sector-18 station.

==See also==
*[[List of Delhi Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Delhi]]
*[[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]
*[[Delhi Suburban Railway]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]

{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/ Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/annual_report.aspx/ Delhi Metro Annual Reports]
* {{cite web|title=Station Information|work=Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC)|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html}}
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

{{Delhi Metro}}
{{Delhi & NCR Metro stations|blue line=yes}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2009]]
[[Category:Delhi Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Gautam Buddh Nagar district]]
[[Category:Transport in Noida]]

{{Delhi-metro-stub}}
{{UttarPradesh-railstation-stub}}

Indica (Arrian)

2026-01-05T06:58:30Z

RowenaGlenny3: minor improve structure for accuracy further and fixed typos

{{Short description|Book by Arrian}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Indica'' (Arrian)}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2016}}
[[Image:Napoli BW 2013-05-16 16-24-01.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Alexander the Great]] in battle against the Persian King [[Darius III of Persia|Darius]] ([[Pompeii]]an [[Alexander Mosaic|mosaic]], probably after a lost painting from the 3rd century BCE, not from Indica by Arrian.)]]

'''''Indica''''' ({{langx|grc|Ἰνδική}} ''Indikḗ'') is the name of a short military history about interior Asia, particularly [[India]], written by [[Arrian]] in the 2nd century CE. The subject of the book is the expedition of [[Alexander the Great]] that occurred between 336 and 323 BCE, about 450 years before Arrian.<ref name="Hammond2013xii"/> The book mainly tells the story of Alexander's officer [[Nearchus]]' voyage from India to the [[Persian Gulf]] after Alexander the Great's conquest of the [[Indus River|Indus Valley]], which was explored in Arrian's earlier text, ''[[Anabasis of Alexander|Anabasis]]'', meant to be the companion text to the ''Indica''. However, much of the importance of the work comes from Arrian's in-depth asides describing the history, geography, and culture of [[History of India|Ancient India]]. Arrian wrote his ''Indica'' in the [[Ionic Greek|Ionic]] dialect, taking [[Herodotus]] for his literary mode.

Arrian was born in 86 CE, did not visit the Indian subcontinent, and the book is based on a variety of legends and texts known to Arrian, such as the ''[[Indica (Megasthenes)|Indica]]'' by [[Megasthenes]]. Of all ancient Greek records available about Alexander and interior Asia, Arrian's texts are considered most authoritative.<ref name="Hammond2013xii">{{cite book |author=Arrianus |first=Lucius Flavius |url=https://archive.org/details/alexandergreatan0000arri |title=Alexander the Great: The Anabasis and the Indica |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-19-958724-7 |publication-place=Oxford, United Kingdom |publication-date=February 8, 2013 |pages= |translator1=Hammond |translator-first=Martin}}</ref>

==Historical period==
During the period of the events of the ''Indica'', much of what was known of the state of Greece besides Alexander the Great's expedition into India was known due to Alexander himself and his various conquests. As there was little requiring Alexander to stay himself in Macedonia, he was able to venture East. His early military show of force acted to stabilize the region by bringing disparate city states under his control and with this power he was able to control resources of the different regions to provide soldiers and support for his military ambition to attack Persia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Thomas Tandy |date=2022 |title=Alexander the Great Invades the Indian Subcontinent |url=https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/alexander-great-invades-indian-subcontinent#full-article}}</ref>

After Alexander's expedition in the Indus Valley, he sought to return to the center of his empire in [[Babylon]]. Alexander planned to return himself over land but wanted to learn about the mouth of the Indus (which he himself did not reach) and the sea between India and Babylon. Therefore, he sent one of his officers, Nearchus, to perform such a voyage and report what he saw. ''Indica'' describes what Nearchus saw on that voyage.

==Background on author==
''Indica'' was written by [[Arrian]], a [[Greek people|Greek]] historian, public servant, military commander and [[philosopher]] of the [[Roman Greece|Roman period]]. Arrian's work is considered the best source on the campaigns of [[Alexander the Great]].

=== Arrians sources ===
Along with the application of reports of the journey taken by Nearchus, Arrian credits use and comparison of works by ancient figures Eratosthenes, Megasthenes, [[Ctesias]], and [[Onesicritus]], all of whom had written some on India. Eratosthenes, an author and geographer, in particular, was described as having documented locations and created a map, despite this, it is not explained in the text whether he traversed India himself. The context provided in the case of the creation of Eratosthenes' map and the corresponding information learned of him by Arrian leaves out the certainty that Eratosthenes is reliable as a source, requiring further knowledge of the geographer.<ref name="Hammond2013xii" />

Despite the availability of other works and accounts by authors who, too, had knowledge of India, such as [[Artemidorus Ephesius|Artemidorus]] of Ephesus,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Stoneman |first=Richard |date=2022 |editor-last=Rollinger |editor-first=Robert |editor2-last=Degen |editor2-first=Julian |title=The World of Alexander in Perspective: Contextualizing Arrian |journal=Classica et Orientalia |volume=30 |pages=95–108 |doi=10.13173/9783447119085 |issn=2190-3638}}</ref> Arrian claims only the information of older figures as source material. The account of Nearchus - the author's main source - is now mostly lost, but it appears that Arrian had an extant and complete copy in his own time.

==Synopsis==
Much of the beginning of the text gives context on India as known by the Greeks and Romans at the time, not delving into the journey of Nearchus until later in the story. The story begins with an explanation of the geography of India, focusing on the size of the rivers [[Indus]] and the [[Ganges]], together with their tributaries. A comparison is also made with the [[Danube]] and the [[Nile]], illustrating an interest of the author in connections between the Greek world and newly explored areas. Arrian discusses the peoples of India already known to the Greeks and recalls their defining cultural traits as having been influenced by the god [[Dionysus]].

Arrian describes less about India's country and people, instead focusing on contributing factors of Greek culture and mythology as being responsible for what was known of India at the time. The passages of the book leading up to the lengthy rendition of the locations - described and visited one after another by officer Nearchus - in India frequently find the nature of Indian culture as having been left behind or as remnants of once-visiting gods [[Heracles]] and [[Dionysus]].

The overall social structure of the Indian people is explored, with a caste system of seven different roles employed: these include gurus, farmers, herdsmen, craftsmen, soldiers, inspectors, and advisors. Arrian briefly compares several to roles in Greek culture, such as Indian gurus to Greek oracles. The text details the natives' manner of hunting (which includes a description of many of the great [[fauna]] of India), namely of the elephant, and making war.
[[File:Alexander the Great India coin.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Images of two sides of a coin with an elephant attributed to Alexander the Great.]]
Arrian writes of some of the animals learned about on Nearchus' journey, including the elephant, tiger and parrot. The author describes not only the elephant but the ways in which the Indian people go about trapping it in great depth, alluding to the importance of this animal in Indian culture.

While the beginning of the text says little about what is happening with Nearchus, it is explained that Alexander of Macedonia planned to sail with his accompanying men and ships down the Hydaspes River. Although he was to sail this way, he wished to have someone else travel opposite of him so as to find and report all outstanding features of the coast and country. After being convinced, he had his officer Nearchus sail opposite of him from the Indus River delta so as to cover all of the Indian coastline and achieve his goal of gaining knowledge of the land and peoples.

The text then moves into the story of Nearchus' voyage from India to Babylon following the conquests of Alexander. From this point onwards, the text mostly tells the story of a naval adventure. However, Arrian leaves the main story from time to time to tell in detail about the various peoples that lived along the way, as of the [[Ichthyophagi]]. Occasionally, [[Arrian]] describes [[Nearchus]]' soldiers' battles with the local people.

The book ends with Nearchus meeting up with Alexander the Great, who had been conducting his own land voyage from India to [[Susa]]. Nearchus is congratulated for a safe journey and rewarded for his efforts.

=== Locations visited ===
In order, the destinations described by Arrian on the journey taken by Nearchus, beginning at the Indus River delta (unless otherwise specified, the nature or setting of each location was not given in the text, with most modern names unknown):
{| class="wikitable"
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Point in Trip
!Named location/area in text in order by which they were mentioned
!Context
!Modern Location<ref name="Hammond2013xii" />
|-
|Start of journey
|Indus River
|With stops or anchorage at Stura, Caumana, and then Coreestis.
|
|-
|
|Crocala Island
|
|
|-
|
|Bibacta Island, in Sangada
|
|
|-
|
|Domai Island
|
|
|-
|
|Saranga
|
|
|-
|
|Sacala
|
|
|-
|
|Morontobara
|
|[[Karachi]]
|-
|
|Arabis River
|
|
|-
|
|Pagala
|
|
|-
|
|Cabana
|
|
|-
|
|Cocala
|
|
|-
|
|Tomerus
|
|Hingol
|-
|
|Malana
|
|Ras Malan
|-
|
|Bagisara
|
|
|-
|
|Colta
|
|
|-
|
|Calima
|
|
|-
|
|Carnine Island
|
|
|-
|
|Cysa village, near Carbis beach
|
|
|-
|
|Mosarna<ref name="Hammond2013xii" />
|A location at which the guide and interpreter Hydraces is recruited.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=James |first=Dylan |date=2020-05-19 |title=Nearchus, Guides, and Place Names on Alexander's Expedition: Arrian's Indica 27.1 (FGrH 133 F 1 III) |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/mnem/73/4/article-p553_2.xml |journal=Mnemosyne |volume=73 |issue=4 |pages=553–576 |doi=10.1163/1568525X-12342496 |issn=0026-7074|doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
|-
|
|Balomus
|
|
|-
|
|Barna village
|
|
|-
|
|Dendrobosa
|
|
|-
|
|Cophas
|
|
|-
|
|Cyiza
|
|
|-
|
|Bageia
|
|
|-
|
|Talmena
|
|
|-
|
|Canasis
|
|
|-
|
|Canate
|
|
|-
|
|Taa
|
|
|-
|
|Dagaseira
|
|
|-
|
|Nosala Island
|
|
|-
|
|Carmania region, stopping at Badis
|
|
|-
|
|Maceta, headland into sea
|
|[[Musandam Peninsula|Ras Musandam]]
|-
|
|Neoptana beach
|
|
|-
|
|Anamis River, Harmozia
|Located close to Alexander's camp and described shortly before meeting up with him again.
|Minab River
|-
| rowspan="4" |Beginning of Return Journey
|Islands Organa and Oaracta
|At which the guide Mazenes joins.
|Hormoz and Qeshm, respectively
|-
|Pylora Island
|
|
|-
|Tarsias, a cape
|
|
|-
|Cataea
|
|Kish
|-
| rowspan="16" |Coast of Persis
|Ilas
|
|
|-
|Caicandrus Island
|
|
|-
|Ochus Mountain
|
|
|-
|Apostana
|
|
|-
|Gogana Coast
|
|
|-
|Areon
|
|
|-
|Sitacus River
|
|Mand
|-
|Town of Hieratis
|
|
|-
|Heratemis canal
|
|
|-
|Padargus
|
|
|-
|Mesambria Peninsula
|
|Bushehr
|-
|Tacoe
|
|
|-
|Granis River
|
|
|-
|Rhogonis
|
|
|-
|Brizana
|
|
|-
|Arosis River
|
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |Coast of Susiana
|Cataderbis Lake, Margastana Island
|
|
|-
|Euphrates River
|
|
|-
|Diridotis village, Babylonia
|
|
|-
|Pasitigris River
|
|Karun
|-
|[[Tigris|Tigris River]]
|Other locations Armenia, Ninus, and Mesopotamia were mentioned, but were not visited.
|(Ninus) Nineveh
|-
|Aginis village
|
|
|-
|Susa<ref name="Hammond2013xii" />
|
|
|}

==== Major characters/figures present in the story ====
Alexander the Great, son of Philip II: although present at times, he only appears before the start of Nearchus' journey and towards the end of it on land near the place called Harmozia.

Nearchus, son of Androtimus: the officer entrusted by Alexander himself with bringing the fleet safely to the end of the journey and along the coast, while surveying and exploring the land.

Onesicritus: a figure present in the events of Alexander the Great's campaign accompanying Nearchus into India, described negatively by Arrian who discounts the claims written by the former as farcical.

Leonnatus: responsible for the defeat of the Oreitans - one of the ethnic groups described by Arrian in the text - while the fleet was stopped at Cocala.

Hydraces: an interpreter and guide who aids Nearchus and his men in their travels, although he does not join until later in the book.

Mazenes: another local guide who joins later on in the story.

==Reception==
The purpose of the ''Indica'' by Arrian - although purported by the author as providing information on India and the customs and culture of its people, the natural aspects of the land, and its connections to Greece - has been viewed as centering around the influences and authority of Greek mythology on India and the accomplishments of Alexander the Great.<ref name=":0" /> As it is to have been examined in Arrian's time, the text is exceptional in its praises of Alexander - and his aggressive methods of conquest - and the goal of the author more in describing the journey over the description of the land and its peoples, who were written about using the accounts of others such as Nearchus.

The ''Indica's'' use as a historical source reflects the knowledge of the Greeks and Romans in the time of Alexander the Great and Nearchus, but does not explain the knowledge gained between that and the time of Arrian's writing. The text itself focuses on the observations and notes of Nearchus about the land he explored, leaning into the locations visited, yet occasionally pausing to consider seemingly unrelated topics or stories. The detailed aside stories in the text are not completely accurate, even described by Arrian as tales provided by previous historians and lacking evidence<ref name="Hammond2013xii" /> and the ''Indica'' can not be compared with the modern knowledge of the areas and peoples it describes due to these and other discrepancies. However, because local histories of many of the places described in ''Indica'' are not extant or widely available, ''Indica'' remains a valuable - although disputed - source of information regarding the ancient peoples of, for example, ancient [[Persia]] and the [[Indian subcontinent]]. [[Image:Map-alexander-empire.png|thumb|606x606px|Map of Alexander's empire. Nearchus' journey, described in ''Indica'', is shown as the dotted line through Indian Ocean from the Indus Delta to the Persian Gulf]]

A large body of knowledge about the [[Near East]], [[Central Asia]], and [[India]] reached [[Greece]] through the events of the ''Indica'' at the time they occurred, through the accounts of Nearchus, and through the writings of Arrian. The text makes clear that Alexander had high hopes for gaining and disseminating knowledge about his empire, with Nearchus' voyage illustrating how Alexander went about learning about the world and gives some insight into the amount of never before exchanged knowledge his conquests resulted in spreading. As information from and about the East continued to move West, the ''Indica'' was met with resistance by other authors and historians, even now in modern day. Although Nearchus' journey has been translated in detail by several modern historians, the subject of the journey itself and the direction in which the fleet ventured has been intensely debated, such as by N. G. L. Hammond and J. R. Hamilton who insist on opposite directions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hamilton |first=J. R. |date=1994 |title=The Start of Nearchus' Voyage |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436355 |journal=Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=501–504 |issn=0018-2311}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikisource|el|Ινδική}}
*Arrian, [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/arrian-bookVIII-India.html The Indica] translated by E. Iliff Robson.

==Further reading==
*''Arrian'', Volume II, Loeb Classical Library, tr. [[P.A. Brunt]], 1983.
* Schunk, Henning (2019). ''Arrians Indiké. Eine Untersuchung der Darstellungstechnik'' [Arrian's Indica. An examination of the presentation technique]. Philippika, vol. 135. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, {{ISBN|978-3-447-11282-6}}.

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2nd-century history books]]
[[Category:History books about India]]
[[Category:Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations]]
[[Category:Works by Arrian]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek military books]]
[[Category:Roman-era Greek historiography]]
[[Category:Texts in Ionic Greek]]

West Bengal State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission

2025-12-23T19:22:50Z

RowenaGlenny3: Put up new data

{{Infobox high court
| court_name = West Bengal State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
| native_name =
| established = 1986
| jurisdiction = [[West Bengal]]
| location = Kreta Suraksha Bhawan,3rd Floor,11 A, Mirza Ghalib Street,Kolkata-700087.<ref name="wbc ref1">{{cite web |title=West Bengal Consumer Redressal Commission |url=https://wbconsumers.gov.in/HtmlPages/con_KeyContact.aspx |website=West Bengal Consumer Redressal Commission |access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref>
| appealsto =
| terms = 3 years from the date of entering office or up to 65 years of age (whichever is earlier)
| website = https://wbconsumers.gov.in/HtmlPages/con_StateCommisionpage.aspx
| chiefjudgetitle = President, West Bengal State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
| chiefjudgename = Hon'ble Mr. Justice Ishan Chandra Das
| chiefjudgetitle2 =
| chiefjudgename2 =
}}

The '''West Bengal State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission''' is an [[autonomous]], [[statutory]] and [[constitution]]al institution formed as a [[quasi-judicial body]] in [[West Bengal]] under Section 24-B of the [[Consumer Protection Act, 1986]] to protect the rights of [[consumer]]s. It is a system of [[Alternative dispute resolution|alternate dispute resolution]] between conflicting parties during the process of [[trade]]. The president of the States Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission is appointed by the [[State governments of India|state government]] in consultation with the [[Chief justice|Chief Justice]] of state [[High courts of India|high court]].

== History and objective ==

West Bengal State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission was formed to promote and protect the rights of consumers as per the Consumer Protection Act 1986.<ref name="scd ref17">{{cite news |title=Consumer Protection Act, 2019: Meaning and Key Features |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/meaning-and-features-of-consumer-protection-act-2019-1578557665-1 |access-date=29 January 2022 |publisher=Jagranjosh |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="scd ref15">{{cite news |title=Consumer commission vacancies: SC warns of imposing exemplary costs on state govts for non-compliance {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/consumer-commission-vacancies-sc-warns-of-imposing-exemplary-costs-on-state-govts-for-non-compliance/articleshow/87631508.cms |access-date=28 January 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=10 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="scd ref8">{{cite news |title=No chambers or even staff washrooms — bleak state of India's consumer courts reaches SC |url=https://theprint.in/judiciary/no-chambers-or-even-staff-washrooms-bleak-state-of-indias-consumer-courts-reaches-sc/780705/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=ThePrint |date=14 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref5">{{cite news |title=Consumer cases in district levels drop 26% in 2020 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/consumer-cases-in-district-levels-drop-26-in-2020/article37902841.ece |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=thehindubusinessline.com |date=8 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Composition ==

Following shall be the composition of West Bengal State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission:<ref name="scd ref3">{{cite news |title=The Role Of Consumer Dispute Redressal Agencies - Academike |url=https://www.lawctopus.com/academike/consumer-dispute-redrsal-agencies/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=lawctopus.com |date=14 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="scd ref9">{{cite news |title=Consumer Protection Act and Medical Profession - Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies |url=https://www.medindia.net/indian_health_act/consumer_protection_act_and_medical_profession_consumer_disputes_redressal_agencies.htm |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=medindia.net}}</ref>

# President and
# Not less than two members and not more than that presribed in State Act.

President will be appointed by state Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of state High Court. The eligibility for president is that he should be serving or served as Judge in any High Court. Members should be of 1. Not less than 35 years of age and 2. recognised university bachelor degree 3. With good ability,integrity and standing and with proficient experience of 10 years and expertise knowledge in subjects of [[accountancy]],[[law]],[[commerce]],[[economics]],industry,administration and public affairs and problem solving ability in same.

Also not more than fifty percent of members of committee should be from judicial background.

Hon'ble Mr. Justice Ishan Chandra Das is the President of West Bengal State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.

== Levels and jurisdiction ==

West Bengal State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission was formed for promoting and protecting the rights of consumers through three levels with the below mentioned jurisdiction:<ref name="scd ref2">{{cite news |title=Government notifies new rules for consumer commissions; national body's jurisdiction enhanced |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/government-notifies-new-rules-for-consumer-commissions-national-bodys-jurisdiction-enhanced/articleshow/88596171.cms |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=30 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref1">{{cite news |title=District Consumer Forum is now District Commission; will hear cases of value up to ₹1 crore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/district-consumer-forum-is-now-district-commission-will-hear-cases-of-value-up-to-1-crore/story-13pfET9A7TCnpHPkchnZ1O.html |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=16 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="scd ref6">{{cite news |title=NCDRC's ambit widened for faster disposal of plaints {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ncdrcs-ambit-widened-for-faster-disposal-of-plaints/articleshow/88603193.cms |access-date=27 January 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=31 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="scd ref10">{{cite news |title=Central govt notifies new rules for enhancing consumer protection |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/central-govt-notifies-new-rules-for-enhancing-consumer-protection-121123100116_1.html |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Business Standard India |date=31 December 2021}}</ref>
* '''District Commission''' (earlier referred to as '''District Forum''') can accept complaints from consumer if the value of goods or services is up to ₹1 crore (Earlier limit was ₹20 lakh).<ref name="wbc ref3">{{cite news |title=West Bengal State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission sets up circuit bench in Siliguri |url=https://knnindia.co.in/news/newsdetails/state/west-bengal-state-consumer-disputes-redressal-commission-sets-up-circuit-bench-in-siliguri |access-date=31 January 2022 |publisher=knnindia.co.in |date=25 June 2018}}</ref>
* '''State Commission''' can accept complaints from consumer if the value of goods or services is more than ₹1 crore but less than ₹10 crores ( earlier limit was between ₹20 lakh and ₹1 crore).<ref name="wbc ref4">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Jayanta |title=West Bengal: Arrest warrant for delayed flat delivery {{!}} Kolkata News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/arrest-warrant-for-delayed-flat-delivery/articleshow/71131314.cms |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=15 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="wbc ref5">{{cite news |title=NCDRC directs SBI to pay ₹5L compensation for losing title deed of customer |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/banking/ncdrc-directs-sbi-to-pay-rs-5-lakh-compensation-for-losing-title-deed-of-customer-11578486261550.html |access-date=31 January 2022 |publisher=mint |date=8 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="wbc ref6">{{cite news |last1=Kini |first1=Ashok |title=State Consumer Commission Cannot Set Aside Ex-Parte Order: Reiterates SC [Read Order] |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/state-consumer-commission-cannot-set-aside-ex-parte-order-149200 |access-date=31 January 2022 |publisher=livelaw.in |date=24 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''National Commission''' can accept complaints from consumer if the value of goods or services is more than 10 crores.

== Filing complaints ==
{{main|E-Daakhil}}

West Bengal State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission laid down below process of filing and resolving complaints:<ref name="scd ref11">{{cite news |title=New rules for consumer commissions: Government issues notification - All you need to know |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-new-rules-for-consumer-commissions-government-issues-notification-all-you-need-to-know-174930 |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Zee Business |date=30 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref4">{{cite news |title=The State Commission, Under Consumer Protection Act |url=https://www.legalserviceindia.com/articles/stco.htm |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=legalserviceindia.com}}</ref><ref name="scd ref14">{{cite news |title=Be it defective saree or tawa, consumers getting speedy justice via e-Daakhil: CCPA |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/be-it-defective-saree-or-tawa-consumers-getting-speedy-justice-via-e-daakhil-ccpa/articleshow/87926927.cms |access-date=28 January 2022 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=26 November 2021}}</ref>

Complaints can be filed electronically and examination of disputing parties is done through video-conferencing, which includes hearing and/or examination through any other mode. The time period for resolving dispute in case the complaint does not require analysis and testing of product quality is 3 months from the date of receipt of notice by the opposite party. However, if the complaint requires analysis or testing of product quality the time limit for resolving dispute is within 5 months. Complaints can be filed using [[E-Daakhil]] portal.

== Penalties and imprisonment ==
* Manufacturers and Service providers are made punishable as a criminal offence for giving misleading information or for wrong advertisement of product.
* Punishment may include fine of Rs 10 lakhs or imprisonment for 2 years or both.

== Investigative agency ==
* Violation of consumer rights or unfair trade practices is investigated by the Investigation wing headed by Director-General level position in [[Central Consumer Protection Authority]] (CCPA).

==Important terms==

Following are the important terms in West Bengal State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission:<ref name="scd ref7">{{cite news |title=Changes in India's Consumer Protection Act 2019 |url=https://www.lawyer-monthly.com/2020/01/changes-in-indias-consumer-protection-act-2019/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Lawyer Monthly {{!}} Legal News Magazine |date=31 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="scd ref13">{{cite news |title=State Commission Under Consumer Protection Act - Composition and Powers {{!}} Law column |url=https://www.lawcolumn.in/state-commission-under-consumer-protection-act-composition-and-powers/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=lawcolumn.in |date=20 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref16">{{cite news |title=National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission - NCDRC |url=https://www.legalserviceindia.com/calendars-causelists/NCDRC.htm |access-date=29 January 2022 |publisher=legalserviceindia.com}}</ref>
* As per the act "Goods" means anything purchased by consumers either in retail or wholesale from retailers or wholesalers. They can either be produced or manufactured.
* As per the act "services" means those which are in the form of "[[transport]],[[telephone]],[[electricity]],[[housing]],[[banking]],[[insurance]],[[medical treatment]] etc".
* As per the act consumer means " any person who buys any goods or hires or avails any services for a consideration which has already been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised or under any system of deferred payment".
* Person includes anyone buying goods, either through online system or direct or offline, by way of teleshopping, or through mode of electronic includes direct selling or in a [[multi-level marketing]].
* Consumer does not include person buying or availing goods or services for resale or for any other commercial purpose.
* For the purpose of commission the terms are referred in [[Consumer Protection Act, 2019|Consumer Protection Act'2019]].

== Challenges ==
* The district, state and national level commissions face challenges of understaffing or non fulfillment of vacancies in time.<ref name="wbc ref2">{{cite news |last1=Byopadhyay |first1=Krishnendu |title=Case backlog soars in West Bengal's consumer court {{!}} Kolkata News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/case-backlog-soars-in-consumer-court/articleshow/84772845.cms |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=27 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="scd ref12">{{cite news |title=4 of 28 state consumer bodies at full strength, SC told, court says 'completely unacceptable' |url=https://theprint.in/judiciary/only-4-of-28-state-consumer-bodies-at-full-strength-sc-says-completely-unacceptable/714835/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=ThePrint |date=16 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref5" /><ref name="scd ref18">{{cite journal |title=THREE TIER MECHANISM OF CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR FUNCTIONING |journal=ResearchGate |date=2017 |volume=4 |issue=4 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349412457 |access-date=31 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* The report prepared by senior advocate on the directions of [[Supreme Court of India]] found out many shortcomings in the offices of district and state consumer redressal bodies in many states of India. These include absence of storage rooms for case files, lack of member chambers for convenience of members hearing complaints, non availability of court rooms and washrooms in selective cases.<ref name="scd ref8" />

== See also ==
* [[National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission]]
* [[Telangana State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission]]
* [[Odisha State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://wbconsumers.gov.in/HtmlPages/con_StateCommisionpage.aspx Official Website]

[[Category:Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions of India]]

Timeline of history of Rajasthan

2025-12-12T00:12:49Z

RowenaGlenny3: General cleanup and content improvements

{{short description|Aspect of Rajasthan history}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

The history of human settlement in the west Indian state of Rajasthan dates back to about 5,000 years ago.

== Timeline ==
;Timeline of [[History of Rajasthan]]:

*4600 BC The development of [[Sothi (archaeology)|Sonthi culture]] (between [[Sarasvati River|Saraswati]] and Darswati in [[Hanumangarh district]]) started.
*4500–3200 BC: Mesolithic site of [[Bagor, Rajasthan|Bagor]]
*3000–2000 BC: Chalcolithic culture of [[Ganeshwar]], [[Balathal]] and [[Ahar, Rajasthan|Ahar]]
*2600 BC: Mature [[Harappa]]n phase of the [[Indus Valley civilization]] begins covering the city of [[Kalibangan]]
* 1900 BC [[Sarasvati River|Saraswati river]] becomes extinct.
* 1800 BC The [[Indus Valley Civilisation|Indus Valley civilisation]] collapses due to a combination of drought and a decline in trade with [[Egypt]] and [[Mesopotamia]].
* 1800 BC The [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar-Hakra system]] retracts its reach towards the foothills of the Himalaya, leading to erratic and less extensive floods that make inundation agriculture less sustainable.
* 1750 BC End of [[Kalibangan|Kalibangan culture]].
* 1500 BC entry of [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo Aryans]] into Rajasthan (??)
* 1500 BC End of copper culture in Ozhiyana (Bhilwara).
* 1000 BC [[Kurukshetra War|Mahabharata war]] according to [[Archaeology|archeology]]
*700–300 BC: [[Matsya Kingdom]], one of the sixteen Mahajanpadas, its capital was Viratnagar, modern day [[Bairat]]
*600 BC end of [[Vedic period]].
*500 BC Development of civilization started in [[Tilwara]]
*443 BC Inscription made in the temple of Bhilot Mata in Bandli village of [[Ajmer]] (the oldest inscription in Rajasthan).
*300 BC–300 AD: Period of small Republics and Kingdoms like [[Malavas|Malava]], [[Shivi]], [[Arjunayanas|Arjunayana]], [[Yaudheya]] etc.
*200 BC Creation of two inscriptions related to [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnav sect]] in [[Nagari, Rajasthan|Nagri]] (Chittor)
*187 BC [[Shivi|Shivi tribe]] settled in [[Nagari, Rajasthan|Madhyamika]] from Punjab.
*187 BC [[Yona|Yavana (Greek)]] king [[Demetrius I of Bactria|Dimit]] attacks [[Chittorgarh|Chittor]].
*150 BC [[Malavas|Malav Ganas]] came to Rajasthan and [[Malwa]].
* 88 BC [[Indo-Scythians]] established themselves in the Indus region.
* 75 BC The [[Indo-Scythians]] captured eastern Rajasthan.
* 57 BC [[Vikram Samvat]] begins.
* 78 AD [[Hindu calendar|Shaka Samvant]] begins.
* [[AD 119|119 AD]] [[Nahapana|Shaka Nahapan]] captured south-eastern Rajasthan.
* 551 AD [[Vasudeva (Chahamana dynasty)|Vasudev Chauhan]] established the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]] around the [[Sambhar Salt Lake|Sambhar region]], making Ahichhatrapur([[Nagaur]]) his capital.
* [[556|556 AD]] The state of [[Guhila dynasty|Guhil dynasty]] was established by Guhil in [[Mewar]].
* 631 AD [[Chach of Aror]] of Sindh attacked [[Chittorgarh|Chittor]].
*7th century AD: [[Chavda dynasty]] establish its rule in south Rajasthan with its capital at [[Bhinmal]].
*700 AD Chinese traveler visits a few cities in Rajasthan
*725 AD: [[Bappa Rawal]] defeats Arabs and captures the [[Chittor Fort]] from them.
*728 AD: [[Bappa Rawal]] establish [[Mewar State|Mewar]] dynastry at Chittor Garh
*720s AD: [[Ajayaraja II|Ajayraja II]] of Chauhan dynasty established City of Ajmer.
*738 AD: [[Nagabhata I]], the founder of Pratihar dynasty defeated an Arab army.
*967 Alan Singh Chanda of Chanda dynasty established city of Amber
*971 AD: [[Vigraharaja II]] sits on the throne of [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Shakambhari]]
*1010 [[Dulha Rai]] captures Khoh defeating Alan Singh Chanda<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Rulers, Criminals and Denotified Tribe: A Historical Journey of the Meenas |doi=10.1007/978-981-16-3424-6_17 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-3424-6_17 |title=Tribe-British Relations in India |year=2021 |last1=Meena |first1=Madan |pages=275–290 |isbn=978-981-16-3423-9 |s2cid=240554356 |access-date=2023-04-08 |archive-date=2023-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208143637/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-3424-6_17 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*1018 [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Mahmud Ghazni]] attacks
*1031 Vimalshah constructs [[Dilwara]] temple
*1113 Ajay raj II shifted his capital to Ajaymeru([[Ajmer]]) from Shakambhari
*1137 Kakil Deo captures Amber
*1156 Rao Jaisal Singh establishes [[Jaisalmer]] state
*1178 [[Muhammad of Ghor|Muhammad Ghori]] defeated in Battle of Kashadra near Mount Abu by [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukyas (Solanki)]] of Gujarat with the help of Chauhans of Nadol, Jalore and Parmaras of Chandravati.
*1191 First Battle of Tarain, [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] defeats Muhammad Ghori
*1192: Defeat of Rajputs Under Prithviraj and [[Gaur (clan)|Gaur rajput dynasty]] (Sarwar, Kekri, Fatehgarh) in [[Second Battle of Tarain|Taraori]] leading to large scale destruction of their powers.{{sfn|Jadunath Sarkar|1994|p=26}}
*1198: [[Gaur (clan)|Gaur rajput]] dynasty ruled the Ajmer for some years .
*1230 Tejpal and Vastupal build Neminath temples at Dilwara
*1234 Rawal Jait Singh of Mewar defeats [[Iltutmish]]
*1301 [[Alauddin Khalji]] captures Ranthambhor defeating [[Hammiradeva|Hammirdeva]]
*1303 [[Chittorgarh]] falls to Khilji, [[Rani Padmini]]'s Jauhar
*1311 Khilji defeats [[Kanhadadeva]] and captures [[Jalore]]
*1326 [[Hammir Singh|Rana Hammir]] re takes [[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]]
*1433 [[Maharana Kumbha]] becomes king
*1439 Maharana Kumbha build [[Vijay Stambha]]
*1459 [[Rao Jodha]] founded [[Jodhpur]]
*1465 [[Rao Bika]] set up [[Bikaner]]
*1517 [[Rana Sanga]] defeated combined Muslim forces of Malwa and Gujarat in Gagron and conquered [[Malwa]] (Central India) and made [[Medini Rai]] king of Malwa with [[Chanderi]] as his capital.{{sfn|Chaurasia|2002|p=156}}
* 1519 [[Rana Sanga]] defeated [[Afghans]] of [[Ibrahim Lodhi]] Multiple times and freed most of Present Day [[Rajasthan]].
*1527 Coalition of Rajput Prince defeated by [[Babur]] in [[Battle of Khanwa|Khanua]] led by Sanga ending supremacy of Rajputs Sanga established in last 10 years.{{sfn|Jadunath Sarkar|1994|p=36}}
*1544 [[Battle of Sammel|Battle at Jaitaran]] between Raja [[Maldeo]] and [[Sher Shah Suri]]
*1559 [[Udaipur]] is founded by Maharana Udaisingh
*1567 Chittor besieged by [[Akbar]]
*1568 Chittor ravaged by Akbar and placed under the charge of [[Asaf Khan I|Asaf Khan]].
*1576 [[Battle of Haldighati]] where the Mughal forces defeated [[Maharana Pratap]].
*1606 [[Battle of Dewar|Battle of Dewair]], Mughal forces under Asaf Khan was defeated by [[Amar Singh I|Maharana Amar Singh]].
*1727 Sawai [[Jai Singh II]] founded city of [[Jaipur]]
*1733 [[Maharaja Suraj Mal]] establishes Jat state at [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]]
*1818 Many rulers signed treaties with [[East India Company]]
*1857 first independence movement, [[Nasirabad, Ajmer|Nasirabad]]
*[[Rajputana famine of 1869]]
*1949 [[Heera Lal Shastri]] becomes the chief minister
*1956 Rajasthan state reorganised<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XfposKrZJ3YC&q=Timeline+of+history+of+Rajasthan |title=Rajasthan: Webster's Timeline History, 805 - 2007 |publisher=ICON Group International |isbn=978-0-546-74686-0 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[History of Rajasthan]]
* [[List of dynasties and rulers of Rajasthan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Books ===
*{{cite book|last=Chaurasia|first=Radhey Shyam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XnaL7zPXPUC|title=History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.|date=2002|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0123-4|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|author=Jadunath Sarkar|author-link=Jadunath Sarkar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC|title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938|date=1994|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-0333-5|language=en}}

[[Category:History of Rajasthan| ]]
[[Category:Timelines of Indian states|R]]
[[Category:Rajasthan-related lists]]

{{India-hist-stub}}

Ambattur Industrial Estate

2025-11-26T19:39:37Z

RowenaGlenny3: quick update

{{Short description|Industrial area in Chennai, India}}
[[File:India Land Tech Park,Ambattur.JPG|thumb|Kosmo One (One India Bulls Tech Park, Ambattur]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
'''Ambattur Industrial Estate''' is an specially designated industrial area in the [[Chennai]] neighbourhood of [[Ambattur]]. Established in 1964 as the second industrial estate of the city, the industrial estate stretches across 1,300 acres and is home to over 1,500 small and medium enterprises, specialising largely in automobile components, but also in garments and engineering products. It is one of about ten industrial estates developed by the Tamil Nadu Small Industries Development Corporation in and around the city.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Lakshmi
| first = K.
| title = Ambattur units bat for new industrial estate
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Hindu
| date = 27 September 2014
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-infra/ambattur-units-bat-for-new-industrial-estate/article6450320.ece
| accessdate = 28 September 2014}}</ref>

==The industrial estate==
The Ambattur Industrial Estate is the second industrial estate in the city.<ref>{{cite book | last = Muthiah| first = S. | author-link = S. Muthiah | title = Madras Rediscovered| publisher = EastWest | date = 2014 | location = Chennai | pages = 416 | isbn = 978-93-84030-28-5}}</ref> Spread over an area of 1,430 acres (4.9 km2), houses about 1,800 units<ref>{{cite news
| title = Arterial roads in Ambattur Estate to be widened soon
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Hindu
| date = 18 March 2011
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article1547862.ece
| accessdate = 15 August 2016}}</ref> and is the biggest small-scale industrial estate in [[South Asia]]. It was commissioned in the year 1964 by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. Several factors such as suitability of the soil, communication facilities, availability of raw materials, a large volume of ground water suitable for industrial and domestic purposes, and the like were responsible for seeking this place for the setting up of an industrial estate. An area of 4 km² adjoining the industrial estate was acquired by the [[Tamil Nadu Housing Board]] for housing purposes.<ref name="BL_WallowWithSpace"/>

Companies like [[Britannia Industries|Britannia]], [[TI Cycles of India]], [[Dunlop Tyres|Dunlop]], and [[TVS, India|TVS]] have their plants in Ambattur. VSNL–Tata Communication has its [[satellite earth station]] at the Ambattur–Red Hills road, known as wireless among the locals. [[Jaya TV]], [[Vijay TV]], [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] and [[Kairali TV|Kairali]] relay signals from this facility. Textile industries such as Ambattur Clothing Limited (ACL) and Bombay Fashions have their facilities here and employ thousands of women. The units in the Industrial Estate generate a combined annual revenue of over {{INR}} 35,000 million.<ref name="BL_WallowWithSpace">{{cite news
| last = Raja Simhan
| first = T. E.
| title = IT parks in Ambattur Estate wallow with space abegging
| newspaper = Business Line
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Hindu
| date = 9 January 2013
| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/info-tech/it-parks-in-ambattur-estate-wallow-with-space-abegging/article4291094.ece?homepage=true&ref=wl_home
| accessdate = 10 January 2013}}</ref>

Prominent English-language daily ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' has its corporate office and a press in Ambattur Industrial Estate.

==Waste disposal==
As of September 2014, the Ambattur Industrial Estate Manufacturers Association (AIEMA) was setting up a transit yard to segregate and dispose about 300 tonnes of waste generated every month. The yard, covering an area of 2,000 sq ft, will be used to segregate garbage from neighbouring residential areas, in addition to hazardous industrial waste. The industrial estate was also planning to set up a common effluent treatment plant with a capacity to treat 200 kilolitres per day at a cost of {{INR}} 50 million. The plant will be constructed in public–private partnership mode and will become functional by the end of financial year 2014. It is estimated that only about 10 percent of the units discharge effluents. The industrial estate also plans to cover industrial units in a radius of 25 km, such as those in Thirumudivakkam and Thirumazhisai. The treated water will be provided to dyeing units in the estate.<ref name="Hindu_AmbatturMakesAGreenMove">{{cite news
| last = Lakshmi
| first = K.
| title = Ambattur makes a green move
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Hindu
| date = 30 September 2014
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-infra/ambattur-makes-a-green-move/article6458741.ece?ref=sliderNews
| accessdate = 4 October 2014}}</ref>

==Golden Jubilee Tower==
As part of the golden jubilee celebrations in 2014, the AIEMA association plans to construct a golden jubilee tower. It has planted more than 1,500 saplings and has planned to implement solar and power-saving lamps for street illumination.<ref name="Hindu_AmbatturMakesAGreenMove"/>

==Connectivity==
{{stack|[[File:Ambattur Estate Bus Terminus.jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view of renovated Ambattur Estate Bus stand in 2025]]}}
The Ambattur Industrial Estate Bus Terminus, along with a maintenance depot with a capacity for 100 buses, was inaugurated in 1967. As of 2012, the facility handled approximately 125 buses daily and employed around 1,100 staff. The terminus was renovated in 2024-25 by the [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]] (CMDA) to improve infrastructure and amenities, and was opened to public on 24 November 2025.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Udhayanidhi Stalin inaugurates upgraded Ambattur Industrial Estate bus terminus
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| location = Chennai
| date = 24 November 2025
| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/udhayanidhi-stalin-inaugurates-upgraded-ambattur-industrial-estate-bus-terminus/article70317062.ece
| access-date = 24 November 2025}}</ref> The upgraded facility includes ticket booking counters, waiting rooms, commercial spaces, e-bus charging facilities, and an administrative office for the [[Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai)|Metropolitan Transport Corporation]] (MTC).<ref>{{cite news
| last = Narayanan
| first = Vivek
| title = Ambattur bus terminus to get facelift by year-end
| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]
| location = Chennai
| date = 23 April 2024
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/ambattur-bus-terminus-to-get-facelift-by-year-end/articleshow/109513388.cms
| access-date = 21 June 2025}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Economy of Chennai]]
{{Portal bar|India|Economy}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Chennai topics}}

{{coord|13.0830068|80.1460158|display=title}}

[[Category:Economy of Chennai]]
[[Category:Industrial parks in India]]

Hind Yugm

2025-11-16T15:43:10Z

RowenaGlenny3: put up a info initial version!

{{short description|Indian publishing house}}
{{Orphan|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox publisher|headquarters=Noida, Uttar Pradesh|name=Hind Yugm|founded=2010}}

'''Hind Yugm''' is an independent Hindi-language publishing house based in [[Noida]], Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=One firm's struggle to bring Hindi literature to the internet generation |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/lede/online-booking |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=caravanmagazine.in |language=en}}</ref> The organization functions both as a publisher as well and a literary platform, organizing events and discussions aimed at popularizing the evolution of Hindi expression.

== Background ==
[[File:Shailesh Bharatwasi.png|thumb|Shailesh Bharatwasi, founding editor]]
Established in 2010 by founding editor Shailesh Bharatwasi,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-11 |title=Change of heart: English is now normal, Hindi is the new cool |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/change-of-heart-english-is-now-normal-hindi-is-the-new-cool/story-AYV1xg8go3l7AKu5QOJBoM.html |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> the publishing house seeks to integrate traditional publishing practices with newer forms of marketing.<ref name="Sharma">{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Nootan |date=2025-09-28 |title=Writer Vinod Kumar Shukla's royalty battle exposed Hindi publishing. At 88, he's finally paid |url=https://theprint.in/feature/vinod-kumar-shukla-royalty-battle-hindi-publishing/2752854/ |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> Its editorial list includes contemporary fiction, poetry and revised editions of twentieth century works by established authors.

== Publications ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Title
!Author
|-
|Masala Chai
|Divya Prakash Dubey<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2014-02-23 |title=Young Turks re-inventing Hindi literature |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/young-turks-re-inventing-hindi-literature/story-E7ElrJPvH4vKXJGf4Hh3nJ.html |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Musafir Cafe
|[[divya prakash dubey]]
|-
|October Junction
|Divya Prakash Dubey
|-
|Namak Swadanusar
|Nikhil Sachan<ref name=":0" />
|-
|Zindagi Aais Pais
|[[Nikhil Sachan]]
|-
|Banaras Talkies
|Satya Vyas<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-09-02 |title=Now, a Hindi bestseller list! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/now-a-hindi-bestseller-list/articleshow/60342203.cms |access-date=2025-10-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Dilli Darbaar
|[[Satya Vyas]]
|-
|Ghar Wapsi
|Ajeet Bharti
|-
|Dark Horse: Ek Ankahi Dastaan
|[[Nilotpal Mrinal]]
|-
|Tumhare Baare Mein
|[[Manav Kaul]]
|-
|Parag Aur Pankhudiyan
|Seema Kumar
|-
|Paal Le Ik Rog Nadaan
|Gautam Rajrishi
|-
|Balushahi
|Manish Kumar
|-
|Jaun Elia: Ek Ajab Gazab Shayar
|[[Jaun Elia]]
|-
|Mere Donon Banaras
|Saurabh Bhuwania
|-
|Cheeni Mitti
|Ran Vijay
|-
|Kewal Jadein Hain
|Vinod Kumar Shukla
|-
|Rajdhani Express Via Ummidpur Halt
|Sunil Kumar Jha
|-
|Kuch Karwatein Aisi
|Kunal Kushwaha
|-
|Stree Mein Samudra
|Surendra Raghuwanshi
|-
|Patjhad
|Manav Kaul
|-
|Katranein
|Manav Kaul
|-
|Darling Democracy
|Nilotpal Mrinal
|-
|Mann Vichitra Buddhi Charitra
|Sushma Gupta
|-
|Sanyam
|Manav Kaul
|-
|Deewar Mein Ek Khidki Rehti Thi<ref name="Sharma"/>
|[[Vinod Kumar Shukla]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-13 |title=Raipur to host national literary festival showcasing words, music, and culture |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/raipur-to-host-national-literary-festival-showcasing-words-music-and-culture/articleshow/123871130.cms |access-date=2025-10-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Aughad
|Nilotpal Mrinal
|-
|Yaar Jaadugar
|Nilotpal Mrinal
|}

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Book publishing companies of India]]
[[Category:Hindi literary movements]]
[[Category:Companies based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Publishing companies established in 2010]]

Raj Angad Bawa

2025-11-04T19:10:46Z

RowenaGlenny3:

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Raj Angad Bawa
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| fullname = Raj Angad Bawa
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2002|11|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Nahan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India
| batting = Left-handed
| bowling = Right-arm medium-fast
| role =
| family = [[Trilochan Singh]] (grandfather)
| club1 = [[Chandigarh cricket team|Chandigarh]]
| year1 = 2021/22–present
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| year2 = 2022
| club3 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| year3 = 2025
| type1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| debutdate1 = 17 February
| debutyear1 = 2022
| debutfor1 = Chandigarh
| debutagainst1 = [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]
| type2 =
| onetype2 =
| debutdate2 =
| debutyear2 =
| debutfor2 =
| debutagainst2 =
| columns = 3
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches1 = 11
| runs1 = 633
| bat avg1 = 42.20
| 100s/50s1 = 1/2
| top score1 = 146
| deliveries1 = 1,104
| wickets1 = 13
| bowl avg1 = 48.46
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 3/22
| catches/stumpings1 = 3/–
| column2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches2 = 11
| runs2 = 162
| bat avg2 = 20.25
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 36
| deliveries2 = 253
| wickets2 = 12
| bowl avg2 = 18.66
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 4/11
| catches/stumpings2 = 2/
| column3 =[[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches3 = 20
| runs3 = 308
| bat avg3 = 23.69
| 100s/50s3 = 0/1
| top score3 = 61
| deliveries3 = 313
| wickets3 = 22
| bowl avg3 = 20.40
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 3/28
| catches/stumpings3 = 8/–
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/raj-bawa-1292502 ESPNcricinfo
| date = 2 March
| year = 2025
|medaltemplates=
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Under-19 Cricket World Cup|ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|Winner|[[2022 Under-19 Cricket World Cup|2022 West Indies]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Under-19 Men's Asia Cup|ACC U19 Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2021 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup|2021 UAE]]}}
}}
'''Raj Angad Bawa''' (born 12 November 2002) is an Indian [[cricket]]er. He made his [[first-class cricket]] debut for [[Chandigarh cricket team|Chandigarh]] in February 2022 in the [[2021–22 Ranji Trophy]], taking a wicket with his first delivery.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Tridib Baparnash|date=17 February 2022|title=Multimillion, Multi-purpose Raj Angad Bawa Set For Ranji Trophy Debut {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/multimillion-multi-purpose-raj-angad-bawa-set-for-ranji-trophy-debut/articleshow/89627652.cms|access-date=2022-02-19|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> He has played for the [[India national under-19 cricket team]], including at the [[2022 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup]] and [[2021 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raj Bawa profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/raj-bawa-1292502|access-date=2022-02-19|work=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=2022-02-06|title=The making of Under-19 World Cup hero Raj Bawa|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/the-making-of-under-19-world-cup-hero-raj-bawa/article38386883.ece|access-date=2022-02-19|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-16|title=Not allowed to bowl fast for five years, Raj Angad Bawa takes 5/31 in U19 World Cup final|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/raj-angad-bawa-takes-5-31-in-u19-world-cup-final-7758816/|access-date=2022-02-19|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=U19 Asia Cup: Raj Bawa puts up spirited show but Pakistan defeat India in nail-biter|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/cricket/u19-asia-cup-raj-bawa-puts-up-spirited-show-but-pakistan-defeat-india-in-nail-biter20211225190914/|access-date=2022-02-19|website=ANI News|language=en|archive-date=19 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219043945/https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/cricket/u19-asia-cup-raj-bawa-puts-up-spirited-show-but-pakistan-defeat-india-in-nail-biter20211225190914/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive {{!}} Raj Bawa Has the Potential to be a Good All-rounder: U19 Bowling Coach Sairaj Bahutule|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/exclusive-raj-bawa-has-the-potential-to-be-a-good-all-rounder-he-should-be-looked-after-u19-bowling-coach-sairaj-bahutule-4759772.html|access-date=2022-02-19|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Raj Bawa was born in [[Nahan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] and grew up in [[Chandigarh]]. He is the grandson of [[Trilochan Singh|Trilochan Singh Bawa]], a member of the [[India men's national field hockey team|Olympic gold-winning Indian hockey team]] at the [[1948 Summer Olympics|London 1948 Games]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nag|first=Utathya|title=IPL auction 2022: Why Under-19 World Cup star Raj Bawa has promises to keep|work=Olympics|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/who-raj-angad-bawa-cricket-india-olympics-tarlochan-grandson|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Venkat|first=Rahul|title=It may have been a fourth-consecutive Olympic gold for the Indian hockey team but this one was special for more reasons than one.|work=Olympics|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/indian-hockey-team-1948-olympics-london-won-gold-medal-independent|access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-23|title=Raj Bawa: Grandson of Olympic medallist who smashed highest individual score by an Indian in U-19 World Cup – In Pics|url=https://zeenews.india.com/photos/sports/raj-bawa-grandson-of-olympic-medallist-who-smashed-highest-individual-score-by-an-indian-in-u-19-world-cup-in-pics-2430116|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Bawa played under-19 cricket for [[Chandigarh cricket team|Chandigarh]]. He made his first-class debut on 17 February 2022 against [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]] in the [[2021–22 Ranji Trophy|Ranji Trophy]], taking a wicket with his first delivery.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=ANI|date=13 February 2022|title=IPL auction 2022: Raj Bawa acquired by Punjab Kings; Yash Dhull picked by Delhi Capitals {{!}} Cricket News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-auction-2022-raj-bawa-acquired-by-punjab-kings-yash-dhull-picked-by-delhi-capitals/articleshow/89545216.cms|access-date=2022-02-19|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, Raj Bawa, Yash Dhull : अंडर-19 सितारे रणजी डेब्यू में चमके, यश धुल-राज बावा का बड़ा कारनामा|url=https://www.aajtak.in/sports/cricket/story/ranji-trophy-raj-angad-bawa-picks-up-wicket-in-his-first-ever-first-class-ball-against-hyderabad-tspo-1413362-2022-02-17|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Aaj Tak|date=17 February 2022 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ranji Trophy 2022: पहले दिन छाए अंडर-19 के दो सितारे, यश ढुल ने डेब्यू मैच में ठोका शतक तो बावा ने पहली गेंद पर लिया विकेट|url=https://www.amarujala.com/cricket/cricket-news/ranji-trophy2022-yash-dhull-smashes-his-maiden-first-class-century-while-raj-bawa-takes-first-ball-wicket|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL deal in pocket, U-19 star Raj Bawa says Ranji Trophy is priority|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/cricket/indian-premier-league-deal-in-pocket-u-19-world-cup-star-raj-bawa-says-ranji-trophy-is-priority/cid/1851921|access-date=2022-02-19|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Right now, focussing on Ranji trophy, says U-19 World cup star Raj Angad Bawa|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/right-now-focussing-on-ranji-raj-angad-bawa-369384|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> Before making his senior debut, Bawa was bought by [[Punjab Kings]] in the [[List of 2022 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2022 IPL auction]] ahead of the [[2022 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Tridib Baparnash|date=17 February 2022|title=After multi-million IPL deal and U-19 World Cup triumph, multi-purpose Raj Angad Bawa set for Ranji Trophy debut {{!}} Cricket News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/after-multi-million-ipl-deal-and-u-19-world-cup-triumph-multi-purpose-raj-angad-bawa-set-for-ranji-trophy-debut/articleshow/89631440.cms|access-date=2022-02-19|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-13|title=IPL 2022 Auction: Raj Bawa sold to Punjab Kings for Rs 2 crore|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2022-auction-india-u19-cricketer-raj-bawa-sold-to-punjab-kings-for-rs-2-crore-2022-02-13-759414|access-date=2022-02-19|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL 2022 mega auction: U-19 World Cup star Raj Bawa joins Punjab, Vicky Ostwal goes UNSOLD|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/report-ipl-2022-mega-auction-star-of-u-19-world-cup-raj-bawa-joins-punjab-vicky-ostwal-goes-unsold-2934039|access-date=2022-02-19|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut on 27 March 2022, for Punjab Kings in the 2022 Indian Premier League.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1304049.html |title=3rd Match (N), DY Patil, Mar 27 2022, Indian Premier League |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{cricinfo|id=1292502}}

{{Mumbai Indians squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bawa, Raj}}
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Chandigarh cricketers]]
[[Category:Punjab Kings cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Mumbai Indians cricketers]]

Tintu Luka

2025-10-19T07:03:54Z

RowenaGlenny3: General cleanup and improvements

{{short description|Indian middle-distance runner}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Tintu Luka
| image = Tintu Lukka Of India In Action (cropped).jpg
| nationality = Indian
| sport = [[Running]]
| event = [[800 metres]]
| club =
| collegeteam =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1989|4|26}}
| birth_place = [[Karikkottakary]], [[Iritty]], [[Kerala]], India
| country = India
| medaltemplates=
{{Medal|Sport|Women's [[Athletics (sport)|athletics]]}}
{{Medal|Country | {{IND}} }}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]]|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Games|4 x 400 m relay]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]]|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Games|800 m]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2010 Asian Games|2010 Guangzhou]]|[[Athletics at the 2010 Asian Games|800 m]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2013 Asian Athletics Championships|2013 Pune]]|[[2013 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4x400 m relay]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2015 Asian Athletics Championships|2015 Wuhan]]|[[2015 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 800 metres|800 m]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[2011 Asian Athletics Championships|2011 Kobe]]|[[2011 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4x400 m relay]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[2015 Asian Athletics Championships|2015 Wuhan]]|[[2015 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4x400 m relay]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2011 Asian Athletics Championships|2011 Kobe]]|[[2013 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 800 metres|800 m]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2013 Asian Athletics Championships|2013 Pune]]|[[2013 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 800 metres|800 m]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Junior Athletics Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2008 Asian Junior Athletics Championships|2008 Jakarta]]|800m}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2008 Asian Junior Athletics Championships|2008 Jakarta]]|4×400m relay}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[National Games of India|National Games]]}}
{{medal|Gold|[[2015 National Games of India|2015 Kerala]]|800m}}
{{medal|Gold|[[2015 National Games of India|2015 Kerala]]|4×400m relay}}
}}

'''Tintu Luka''' (born 26 April 1989) is an Indian [[track and field]] athlete, who predominantly competes in the [[middle-distance running]] events. Born in Valathode, [[Kerala]], she is the [[List of Indian records in athletics|national record holder]] in the women's [[800 metres]]. Luka represented India at the [[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metres|2012]] and [[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metres|2016 Summer Olympics]]. In addition to being the [[2015 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 800 metres|2015 Asian Champion]] in the 800 meters, she has won a total of six medals at the [[Asian Athletics Championships]].

Luka also competes in [[Sprint (running)|sprinting]] events including [[400 metres]] and the [[4 × 400 metres relay]], and was a part of the gold medal-winning relay team at the [[2013 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|2013 Asian Athletics Championships]] and the [[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|2014 Asian Games]]. She is mentored by Indian Olympian [[P. T. Usha]], and trains at the [[Usha School of Athletics]], [[Koyilandy]], Kerala. She was awarded Arjuna award, the country's second-highest sporting honour by Government of India in 2014.

==Early life and junior career==

Tintu Luka was born in the small village of Valathode near [[Karikkottakary]] in [[Kannur district]], [[Kerala]], India. Her parents are Lukka and Lissy, a state-level long jumper. She has a sister named Angel Lukka. Luka did her schooling from St. Thomas High School, Karikkottakary.<ref name="life">{{cite web|title=Road to Rio: Tintu Luka, India's best bet to end athletics medal wait at Olympics|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/road-to-rio-tintu-luka-indias-best-bet-to-end-athletics-medal-wait-at-olympics-2906838.html|website=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=17 August 2016|date=22 July 2016}}</ref>

In 2001, Luka joined the PT Usha School of Athletics at [[Koyilandy]], and started training under the guidance of her coach [[P T Usha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/athletics/10-facts-tintu-luka|title = 10 things you need to know about Tintu Luka|date = 7 June 2015}}</ref> In 2008, she bagged her first international medal in form of a silver at the Junior Asian Athletics Championships.<ref name="life"/>

==Performance at international level==
[[file:Women's 800m Tintu Lukka 277 Did Not Finish The Race Because Of Fever (cropped).jpg|thumb|Lukka as 277 in 2017]]
In 2008, Luka won a silver medal in the [[800 metres|800-metre race]] at the [[Asian Junior Championships in Athletics|Asian Junior Athletics Championship]] in [[Jakarta]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Tintu Luka to participate in Jr. world athletic championship
| work=Thaindian News | url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sports/tintu-luka-to-participate-in-jr-world-athletic-championship_10061661.html#ixzz0WxBXb5VC }}</ref>

At [[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|2010 Commonwealth Games]] Luka finished in sixth place in the women's 800m with a timing of 2:01.25s.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/commonwealth-games-2010/india-news/Tintu-beaten-by-her-own-pace/articleshow/6733069.cms performance in CWG 2010]</ref> [[PT Usha]] responded to this performance, saying that Tintu Luka had not been exposed to such a large crowd before and that the crowd's applause and cheering could have made her lose concentration and run faster without prior planning.

Luka won the bronze medal in the women's 800 metres event of the track and field competitions at the [[Asian Games 2010]]. Tintu, who had a disappointing finish in the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]], led the pack right from the start, but couldn't keep pace in the last 50 metres and finished third with a timing of 2:01.36 seconds.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/16th-asian-games-2010/india-news/Asian-Games-Tintu-Luka-wins-bronze-in-womens-800-metres/articleshow/6988277.cms Performance in Asian games],</ref>

In the Continental Cup, Croatia, 2010, Luka timed 1:59.17, to break [[Shiny Abraham|Shiny Wilson]]'s 15-year-old national record of 1:59.85 in the 800m event.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101223110027/http://www.hindu.com/2010/09/05/stories/2010090563261900.htm National record in 800m],</ref>

In the second of the three semi-finals for [[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metres|800 metres]] event at the London [[2012 Summer Olympics]], Luka finished sixth in her heat clocking an 1:59.69 seconds her seasons best, but could not qualify for the finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://london2012.bbc.co.uk/athletics/event/women-800m/index.html?v=20120808-122859445 |title=London 2012 – Women's 800m : Athletics – Results |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=8 August 2012}}{{dead link|date=September 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/london-olympics-2012/news/Indias-Tintu-Luka-qualifies-for-800-metres-semifinals/articleshow/15404400.cms|title= India's Tintu Luka qualifies for 800 metres semifinals
|website= [[The Times of India]]
|date= 8 August 2012
|access-date=8 August 2012}}</ref> For her performance at the Summer Olympics, the Government of Kerala awarded her {{INRConvert|200000}} and will provide her with a job in a gazetted rank.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130103071614/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-19/others/33951739_1_kerala-govt-kerala-government-sportspersons kerala-government-sportspersons]</ref>

On 1 October 2014 Luka won the silver medal in the 800m at the Asian Games held at [[Incheon]], [[South Korea]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/asian-games-2014/report-tintu-luka-fetches-800m-silver-in-asiad-2022865|title = Tintu Luka fetches 800m silver in Asiad|date = 1 October 2014|access-date = 1 October 2014|website = DNA}}</ref> She was also the part of the team that won the gold medal in the 4 X 400 m relay at the [[2014 Asian Games]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/fGQkMraFeWLwnaYlx53MsN/Asian-Games-India-wins-gold-in-4x400m-women-relay.html|title = Asian Games: India wins gold in 4x400m women's relay|date = 2 October 2014}}</ref> The team clocked 3:28:68 to break the Games Record. This is India's 4th consecutive gold in the event since 2002.

==Awards and recognition==
[[Arjuna Award]] – 2014<ref name="profile">{{cite web|title=Tintu Luka Profile: Women's 800m|url=http://indianexpress.com/sports/rio-2016-olympics/tintu-luka-women-800m-athletics-2923770/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=17 August 2016|date=17 August 2016}}</ref>

==Competition record==
{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}}
|-
!colspan="6"|Representing {{IND}}
|-
|rowspan=3|2008
|[[Asian Junior Athletic Championships|Asian Junior Championships]]
|[[Jakarta]], Indonesia
| style="background:silver;"| 2nd
|800 m
|2:08.63
|-
|rowspan=2|[[2008 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]]
|rowspan=2|[[Bydgoszcz]], [[Poland]]
|8th (sf)
|800m
|[[2008 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 800 metres|2:06.51]]
|-
|14th (h)
|4 × 400 m relay
|[[2008 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|3:44.13]]
|-
|2009
|[[2009 Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]
|[[Guangzhou]], China
|6th
|800 m
|[[2009 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 800 metres|2:07.36]]
|-
|rowspan=2|2010
|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]
|[[Delhi]], India
|6th
|800 m
|[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's 800 metres|2:01.25]]
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2010 Asian Games|Asian Games]]
|[[Guangzhou]], China
| style="background:#c96;"|3rd
|800 m
|[[Athletics at the 2010 Asian Games – Women's 800 metres|2:01.36]]
|-
|rowspan=3|2011
|rowspan=2|[[2011 Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]
|rowspan=2|[[Kobe]], Japan
| style="background:#c96;"|3rd
|800 m
|[[2011 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 800 metres|2:02.55]]
|-
| style="background:silver;"|2nd
|4 × 400 m relay
|[[2011 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 x 400 metres relay|3:44.17]]
|-
|[[2011 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Daegu]], South Korea
|15th (sf)
|800 m
|[[2011 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 800 metres|2:00.95]]
|-
|2012
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]
|[[London]], United Kingdom
|10th (sf)
|800 m
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metres|1:59.61]]
|-
|rowspan=3|2013
|rowspan=2|[[2013 Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]
|rowspan=2|[[Pune]], India
| style="background:#c96;"|3rd
|800 m
|[[2013 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 800 metres|2:04.48]]
|-
| style="background:gold;"|1st
|4 × 400 m relay
|[[2013 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|3:32.26]]
|-
|[[2013 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Moscow]], Russia
|15th (h)
|4 × 400 m relay
|[[2013 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|3:38.81]]
|-
|rowspan=3|2014
|[[Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]
|[[Glasgow]], United Kingdom
|11th (sf)
|800 m
|[[Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's 800 metres|2:03.35]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Asian Games]]
|rowspan=2|[[Incheon]], South Korea
| style="background:silver;"| 2nd
|800 m
|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's 800 metres|1:59.19]]
|-
| style="background:gold;"|1st
|4 × 400 m relay
|[[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|3:28.68]] {{AthAbbr|GR}}
|-
|rowspan=4|2015
|rowspan=2|[[2015 Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]
|rowspan=2|[[Wuhan]], [[China]]
| style="background:gold;"| 1st
|800 m
|[[2015 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 800 metres|2:01.53]]
|-
| style="background:silver;"|2nd
|4 × 400 m relay
|[[2015 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|3:33.81]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[2015 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|rowspan=2|[[Beijing]], China
|19th (h)
|800 metres
|[[2015 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 800 metres|2:00.95]]
|-
|14th (h)
|4 × 400 m relay
|[[2015 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|3:29.08]]
|-
|2016
|[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]
|[[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
|29th (h)
|800 m
|[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metres|2:00.58]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{sports links}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061209065359/http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/07/stories/2006120708652000.htm Tintu – a rare gem (The Hindu)]
*[http://www.ptusha.org/USHA/studentDetails.asp?studId=16 Tintu Luka (USHA)]
*[http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report_luka-out-for-tintu_1434458 DD India report on Tintu]

{{Footer Asian Champions women's 800 metres}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luka, Tintu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Kerala]]
[[Category:Athletes from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Kannur district]]
[[Category:Indian women sprinters]]
[[Category:Indian women middle-distance runners]]
[[Category:Olympic athletes for India]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games athletes for India]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for India]]
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships winners]]
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships medalists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games athletes for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

G. Arul Murugan

2025-10-17T03:08:49Z

RowenaGlenny3: made a details...

{{short description|Judge of Madras High Court in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{orphan|date=June 2025}}
'''G. Arul Murugan''' is a serving [[judge]] of [[Madras High Court]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]

== Early life and education ==
Arul Murugan was born on 27 May 1976 in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]. His father was Ganapathi and mother was Nilamani. His father worked as the headmaster of a government high school in [[Harur]] of [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri District]]. Hence he lived in Keeraipatti village in the [[Harur taluk]], Dharmapuri district. Arul Murugan completed his schooling from Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School at Salem. After completion of his schooling, he joined the [[Central Law College, Salem]] for a 5-year law degree.

On getting the law degree, he enrolled himself as an [[advocate]] in the [[Bar Council of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry]] on 22 February 1999. Arul Murugan joined with Senior Advocate K. Duraisamy's office and practiced law with him till 2002. After that he started practicing alone since 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-17 |title=Madras High Court |url=https://hcmadras.tn.gov.in/present_judges.php |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=hcmadras.tn.gov.in}}</ref>

== Judge ==
As advocate Arul Murugan, has appeared in various cases for over 20 years. He has been appointed by the [[president of India]] as an Additional Judge of the Madras High Court on 16 October 2023, following the recommendation of the Collegium.<ref>{{cite web | title=T.N. Advocate General's former junior gets elevated as judge of Madras High Court | work=The Hindu | date=16 October 2023 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tn-advocate-generals-former-junior-gets-elevated-as-judge-of-madras-high-court/article67425671.ece }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Murugan, G. Arul}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Judges of the Madras High Court]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

International School of Engineering

2025-10-12T08:49:20Z

RowenaGlenny3: put up some article from scratch!

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox university
| name = International School of Engineering
| native_name =
| image_name = International School of Engineering Logo.png
| image_size =
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| established = {{Start date|2011}}
| closed = 
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| president = Dakshinamurthy V. Kolluru
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| other =
| city = [[Hyderabad]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| province =
| country = India
| coor = {{Coord|17.4148|78.4017|display=inline,title}}
| campus =
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| website = {{URL|http://www.insofe.edu.in}}
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}}

'''International School of Engineering (INSOFE)''' is an [[Applied engineering (field)|applied engineering]] school with area of focus in [[data science]] / [[big data analytics]]. It is located in [[Hyderabad]], Telangana; [[Bengaluru]], Karnataka; and Mumbai, Maharashtra, in India. It opened in 2011. The program is delivered through classroom only sessions and is suitable for students and working professionals.

==History==
Dr. Dakshinamurthy V Kolluru, Dr. Sridhar Pappu and A S L Ganapathi Kumar started the institution in Hyderabad in mid-2011 and expanded to Bengaluru in early-2016. Initially the school functioned under mentorship of Dr. Dakshinamurthy, Dr. Sridhar and Dr. Sreerama Murthy. They are now supported by a team of additional mentors and in-house data scientists.

The first cohort commenced in mid-2011 with 12 students. INSOFE has since trained over 2000 students from across the globe. In 2012, INSOFE also started corporate training services. It extended operations to Bengaluru in 2016.

==Program==
Within the field of Applied Engineering, INSOFE's primary focus is on [[Big data]] Analytics / [[Data science]], training students in both the engineering and the business aspects of analytics.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pappu |first=Sridhar |last2=Kolluru |first2=Dakshinamurthy V. |url= http://www.datanami.com/datanami/2012-09-10/the_path_to_analytics_professionalism.html |title=The Path to Analytics Professionalism |publisher=Datanami |date=10 September 2012 |accessdate=24 December 2013}}</ref> The quality of content, pedagogy and assessment of INSOFE's CPEE Program is certified by the [[Language Technologies Institute]] (LTI) at [[Carnegie Mellon University]] (CMU).

==Rankings==
CIO.com listed INSOFE 3rd in their list of "16 Big Data Certifications That Will Pay Off" consecutively from 2013 to 2016.<ref>{{cite web |last=Olavsrud |first=Thor |url=http://www.cio.com/article/2457266/certifications/160612-11-Big-Data-Certifications-That-Will-Pay-Off.html |title=11 Big Data Certifications That Will Pay Off |publisher=cio.com |date=31 July 2014 |accessdate=13 August 2014 |archive-date=12 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812064053/http://www.cio.com/article/2457266/certifications/160612-11-Big-Data-Certifications-That-Will-Pay-Off.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Analytics India Magazine, listed INSOFE in "Top 9 Analytics Training Institutes in India in 2016".<ref>{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Bhasker |url= http://analyticsindiamag.com/top-8-analytics-training-institutes-in-india/ |title= Top 9 Analytics Training Institutes in India |publisher=Analytics India Magazine |date=14 January 2013 |accessdate=24 December 2013}}</ref> KDnuggets mentioned INSOFE in their list of Certificates in Analytics, Data Mining, and [https://www.nexusiqsolutions.com/ Data Science] in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |last=Piatetsky |first=Gregory |url= http://www.kdnuggets.com/2014/08/certificates-analytics-data-mining-data-science.html |title= Certificates in Analytics, Data Mining, and Data Science |publisher=kdnuggets |date=8 August 2014 |accessdate=13 August 2014}}</ref>

==Collaborations==
In the academic segment, Language Technologies Institute of Carnegie Mellon University, USA has certified INSOFE's Big Data analytics and optimization program for the quality of Content, Pedagogy and Assessment. INSOFE's institute-industry collaboration is with Soothsayer Analytics (Detroit, Michigan based A.I. consulting company) to help build a center of excellence in data science. Together they delivered projects for Abercrombie & Fitch, Worthington Steels, Preferred Meals, Dun & Bradstreet etc. In collaboration with iCube, INSOFE developed INTUCEO, an analytics business user interface.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:International School of Engineering}}
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2011]]

Armaan Kohli

2025-10-02T04:36:32Z

RowenaGlenny3: typo fix

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Armaan Kohli
| image = Armaan Kohli snapped at the International Airport.jpg
| caption = Kohli in 2013
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actor
| years active = 1986–2015
| height = 183 cm
| father = [[Rajkumar Kohli]]
| mother = [[Nishi (actress)|Nishi]]
}}

'''Armaan Kohli''' is a former Indian actor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-29|title=When Shah Rukh Khan said 'Armaan Kohli is responsible for making me a star' because he dropped out of Deewana|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-shah-rukh-khan-said-armaan-kohli-is-responsible-for-making-me-a-star-because-he-dropped-out-of-deewana-101630209370850.html|access-date=2022-01-11|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> He is the son of film director [[Rajkumar Kohli]] and actress [[Nishi (actress)|Nishi]],<ref name="Armaan Kohli: Everything you need to know about the actor">{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Armaan Kohli: Everything you need to know about the actor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/armaan-kohli-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-actor-7476260/ |accessdate=17 July 2022 |date=29 August 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717153909/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/armaan-kohli-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-actor-7476260/ |archivedate=17 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> and is most known for his role in ''[[Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani|Jaani Dushman]]''.

==Early life and education==
Kohli was born to film director [[Rajkumar Kohli]] and actress [[Nishi (actress)|Nishi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-29 |title=Armaan Kohli: Everything you need to know about the actor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/armaan-kohli-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-actor-7476260/ |access-date=2022-05-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He studied at [[Our Lady of Perpetual Succour High School]] in [[Chembur]] until he dropped out in Class IX. Kohli appeared as a child artist in two films directed by his father: ''[[Badle Ki Aag]]'' (1982) and ''[[Raaj Tilak]]'' (1984).

==Career==
Armaan made his debut as a leading actor in his father's 1992 film ''[[Virodhi (1992 film)|Virodhi]]''. He was set to star in ''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]'' opposite the late actress [[Divya Bharti]], but walked out of the film after completing the first shooting schedule and later [[Shah Rukh Khan]] was penciled in as his replacement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Arman Kohli Breaks Silence On Losing Out Deewana To Shah Rukh Khan|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/more/videos/view/showing/interviews/sort/What%27s%20New/id/16718948|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114021740/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/more/videos/view/showing/interviews/sort/What%27s%20New/id/16718948|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 November 2015|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=2015-11-12}}</ref> Kohli was also considered for the lead role for ''[[Baazigar]]'', but that role too eventually went to Shah Rukh Khan. Similarly, he opted out of ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' and his role was eventually played by [[Parmeet Sethi]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Seta|first1=Fenil|title=When Aditya Chopra wanted Armaan Kohli for Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/aditya-chopra-wanted-armaan-kohli-dilwale-dulhania-le-jayenge/|access-date=27 January 2018|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=24 January 2018}}</ref>

Kohli starred in several other films in the 1990s including ''[[Dushman Zamana]]'' (1992), ''[[Anaam]]'' (1993) and ''[[Aulad Ke Dushman]]'' which failed at the box office. His father tried to revive his career with the 1997 film ''[[Qahar]]'' (1997) where he co-starred with [[Sunny Deol]] and [[Sunil Shetty]], which was a modest commercially successful due to good collections in tier 2 tier 3, tier 4 cities and small villages but its modest success still failed to revive the career of Armaan Kohli.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/actor.php?actorid=3892|title=Armaan Kohli Filmography|website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>

After a five-year hiatus, he returned with the multi-starrer ''[[Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani]]'' which also failed to do well.<ref>{{cite web|title=The prodigal son returns-Raj Kumar Kohli launches his son. Again|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/aug/12kohli.htm|publisher=rediff|access-date=2012-10-09|date=12 Aug 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Raj Kumar Kohli attempts to re-launch his son|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Raj-Kumar-Kohli-attempts-to-re-launch-his-son/articleshow/19079409.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919035050/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-08-14/news-interviews/27297258_1_armaan-kohli-raj-kumar-kohli-silver-screen|url-status=live|archive-date=19 September 2013|access-date=2012-10-09|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 Aug 2002}}</ref> In this film he was reintroduced with a new name 'Munish Kohli', and carried on with this name in subsequent films.<ref>{{Cite web|title=All you want to know about #ArmaanKohli|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/armaan-kohli.html|access-date=2020-12-13|website=FilmiBeat|language=en}}</ref>

In September 2013, he joined the reality television series ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 7)|Bigg Boss 7]]'' as a contestant.

Kohli made another comeback to Bollywood after 12 years, playing a negative role in the [[Rajshri Productions]] [[Salman Khan]] starrer ''[[Prem Ratan Dhan Payo]]'' which released on 12 November 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/armaan-kohli-shoots-for-salman-khans-prem-ratan-dhan-payo_160014.html|title=Armaan Kohli shoots for Salman Khan's 'Prem Ratan Dhan Payo'|date=13 August 2014|website=india.com|access-date=21 September 2018}}</ref>

==Legal issues==
On 16 December 2013, Kohli was arrested for alleged physical abuse with his co-participant, [[Sofia Hayat]], during the show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 7)|Bigg Boss 7]]'' .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Armaan Kohli, Bigg Boss Season 7 participant, arrested for alleged physical abuse |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/armaan-kohli-bigg-boss-season-7-participant-arrested-for-alleged-physical-abuse-544767 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> He was released on bail next day.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Curious Case of Armaan Kohli's Arrest and Bail |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/12/the-curious-case-of-armaan-kohlis-arrest-and-bail/ |access-date=17 December 2013 |work=Biharprabha News}}</ref>

Armaan Kohli was arrested in June 2018 by Mumbai Police after his girlfriend Neetu Randhawa had lodged a complaint against him citing physical assault. However, she later withdrew her complaint.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/armaan-kohli-s-girlfriend-withdraws-assault-complaint-hours-after-actor-s-dramatic-arrest-1259192-2018-06-13.html|title=Armaan kohli's girlfriend withdraws assault complaint hours after actor's dramatic arrest|date=13 June 2018|website=indiatoday.in|access-date=4 December 2022}}</ref>

Kohli was arrested in August 2021 by [[Narcotics Control Bureau]] over possession of 1.2 grams of [[cocaine]]. He was granted bail in September 2022 after being in jail for a year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/actor-armaan-kohli-arrested-over-drug-charges-gets-bail-2002466-2022-09-20.html|title=actor armaan kohli arrested over drug charges gets bail|date=20 September 2022|website=indiatoday.in|access-date=4 December 2022}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role
!Notes
|-
| 1982 || ''[[Badle Ki Aag]]'' || Young Laakhan
|Child Artist
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Raaj Tilak]]'' || -
|Child Artist
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1992 || [[Virodhi (1992 film)|''Virodhi'']] || Raj
|Debut film
|-
| ''[[Dushman Zamana]]'' || Vijay
|
|-
| ''[[Anaam]]''|| Sikandar H. Ali/Jony K. D'Souza/Aakash/Rocky/Prince
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1993
|''Hum Anaaree Hain''
|
|
|-
| ''Koyal''|| Koya
|
|-
| [[Kohra (1993 film)|''Kohra'']] || Inspector Anand Sharma
|
|-
| ''[[Aulad Ke Dushman]]'' || Vikram Chaudhary
|
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Juaari]]''|| Vijay
|
|-
| 1995 || [[Veer (1995 film)|''Veer'']] || Arjun
|
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Qahar]]''|| Krishna
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2002 || Dushmani (film)|''Dushmani''|| -
|
|-
| ''[[Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani]]'' || Kapil
|
|-
| 2003 || [[LOC: Kargil (2003 film)|''LOC: Kargil'']] || Major Vikas Vohra
|
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Dusman Ke Khoon Paani Ha|Mukka]]'' || Not Known
|Dubbed in Bhojpuri as ''Dushman Ke Khoon Paani Ha''
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Prem Ratan Dhan Payo]]'' || Chirag Singh
|
|-
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Name !! Role !! Finish
|-
| 2013 || [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 7)|''Bigg Boss 7'']] || Contestant || 6th Place
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=0997253|name=Armaan Kohli}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kohli, Armaan}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Shivaji's invasions of Janjira

2025-09-30T07:10:26Z

RowenaGlenny3: Put up new entry

{{short description|Military campaigns of Marathas against Siddis of Janjira}}
{{infobox military conflict
| conflict = Shivaji's invasions of Janjira
| place = [[Murud-Janjira]]
| width = 400px
| image = Murud-Janjira Fort, Raigad, India.jpg
| partof = Maratha invasions of Janjira
| caption = [[Murud-Janjira fort]]
| date = 1661–December 1676
| result = Siddi victory
| combatant1 = [[Janjira State|Siddis of Janjira]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] [[Maratha Empire]]
| commander1 = [[Yakut Khan|Siddi Yaqub]] Siddi Qasim Siddi Khairyat
| commander2 = [[Shivaji]] [[Moropant Trimbak Pingle|Moropant]]
| image_size = 275px
| casualties2 = 15,000 troops dead (overall death)
| casualties1 = Unknown
}}
The '''Shivaji's invasions of Janjira''' were a series of military campaigns launched by the first [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] ruler, [[Shivaji]], against the [[Abyssinia]]n rulers of the sea fortress of [[Janjira State|Janjira]] named [[Siddi]]s between 1661 and 1676. The Marathas attacked the Janjira fort annually, and during the final siege of 1676, the Maratha [[Peshwa]] [[Moropant Trimbak Pingle|Moropant]] faced a counterattack by the Siddis, forcing the Marathas to retreat with heavy casualties.

The Siddis, once part of the army of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] under [[Malik Ambar|Malik Amber]], switched their allegiance to the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Adil Shahi Sultanate]] after Ahmadnagar fell to the [[Mughal Empire]]. Despite attacks by the Marathas under Shivaji, the Adil Shahi rulers provided no military aid to the Siddis, which almost led to the surrender of the fort to the Marathas. However, Siddi leaders like Qasim, Khairyat, and Siddi Sambal opposed surrender and continued their wars with the Marathas. They eventually shifted their allegiance to the Mughal Empire, which provided them with military support. The Marathas launched annual attacks on the Janjira fort but failed to capture it each time, suffering significant losses. In 1676, the Maratha Peshwa Moropant faced a major setback when Siddi Qasim, with the Mughal fleet, launched a surprise attack on the besiegers. The last blow of 300 Siddis against the Marathas of 10,000 forces under Moropant made a big setback to the Marathas. This forced the Marathas to retreat, and despite Shivaji's efforts, he was unable to capture the Janjira fort from the Siddis during his lifetime.

== Background ==
[[File:Murud Janjira Fort.JPG|thumb|The Janjira fort]]
With [[Shivaji]]'s rise and the subsequent decline of [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur Sultanate]] as an independent state, along with the loss of one of their more distant forts to the [[Marathi people|Marathas]], the [[Siddi|Siddis of Janjira]] shifted their allegiance to the [[Mughal Empire]]. Recognizing the value of their fleet and maritime expertise, [[Aurangzeb]], the then [[List of emperors of the Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]] granted an annual payment of 400,000 rupees for the upkeep of their fleet and appointed Siddi Qasim, formerly the Bijapur governor of Janjira, as his Admiral. According to Orme, this change in loyalty occurred in 1661.{{Sfn|MacDougall|2014|pp=33–34}} During Shivaji's leadership, the Siddis of Janjira posed a persistent threat to the Marathas, as the Mughals were the enemies of the Marathas.{{Sfn|Ali|1996|p=159}}

The most formidable force along the [[Konkan|Konkan coast]] was not the well-known European trading nations, but rather the Siddis of Janjira. They controlled sea forts and sizable nearby land holdings, and maintained a substantial navy to safeguard their merchant shipping. This intricate coastal environment was the one Shivaji encountered when he invaded the coastal regions of the Konkan in 1657.{{Sfn|Gordon|2007|p=64}} After defeating [[Afzal Khan (general)|Afzal Khan]] of the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur Sultanate]] in 1659, Shivaji focused on consolidating his control over the Konkan region. Recognizing the significance of naval supremacy, he invested in building a fleet comprising small, swift ships. Although they couldn't rival large European warships, they were adept at capturing merchant vessels. However, the primary objective of this fleet, much like the construction of numerous sea forts, was to confront and constrain the Siddis of Janjira.{{Sfn|Gordon|2007|p=68}}

The Siddis and the Marathas were locked in an enduring state of conflict, a feud passed down through generations like a blood feud. Despite the Marathas being preoccupied with battling stronger adversaries, they consistently restrained the Siddis, reclaiming any new territories they had acquired and imposing new alliances on them. This is a testament to the enduring strength of the Marathas. However, the fact that the Siddis managed to endure and maintain their position, despite the fall of many more powerful forces, speaks even more to the resilience and fortitude of the Siddis. Early in Shivaji's career, the first encounter with the Siddis occurred. In 1648, Shivaji launched an invasion into Siddi territory and seized one of their outlying forts. This marked the outset of the prolonged conflict between the Marathas and the Siddis, which persisted, with occasional pauses, for the next hundred years. Starting from 1659, Shivaji dispatched forces against the Siddis annually.{{sfn|Malgonkar|1959|p=39}}

== The conflicts==
In 1648, aided by Maratha commanders who penetrated the Konkan from behind the [[Western Ghats|Sahyadri]] mountains, Shivaji managed to capture the [[Kolaba Fort|Kolaba]] forts of Tala, Gosala, and [[Raigad Fort|Raigarh]]. The next year, under the leadership of Peshwa Shamraj Pandit, Shivaji dispatched a formidable force to invade the Siddis' territory. However, they encountered by the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur]] general Fateh Khan and suffered a significant defeat with heavy casualties. Shivaji attempted to rectify this setback by sending another force led by Raghunath Pant, but Fateh Khan defeated them as well. Consequently, in 1660, the Siddis gained significant advantages.{{Sfn|Ali|1996|p=161}}

The Siddis were allied with the [[Adil Shahi dynasty]], also known as the Bijapur Sultanate. Despite the yearly Maratha attacks, the Sultans of Bijapur, who were the overlords of the Siddis, provided little or no assistance to them. Consequently, the officers who had previously defended Janjira at a crucial moment decided to break their ties with Bijapur. It was during this time that the Siddis shifted their allegiance from Bijapur to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. They approached the Mughals, offering to maintain their territory as vassals of the Mughals and to transfer the Bijapur fleet to the Mughal service in exchange for protection against the Marathas. Aurangzeb readily accepted their offer.{{Sfn|Malgonkar|1959|p=40}}

By 1661, the Bijapur general Fateh Khan decided to surrender Janjira to Shivaji due to the relentless attacks by the Marathas. Fateh Khan made this decision and offered to join Shivaji's service. However, the Siddis, who had transferred their allegiance to the Mughal Empire, specifically Siddi Qasim, Siddi Sambal, and Siddi Khairyat, devout Muslims and staunch enemies of Shivaji, did not approve of this surrender. They thwarted the betrayal by garnering the support of their compatriots, and with their approval, Fateh Khan was apprehended and placed in chains. Qasim and Khairyat, who were brothers, relinquished their claims in favor of Siddi Sambal, who was appointed as the governor of Janjira. In 1660, Aurangzeb changed Sambal's title from Wazir to Yakut Khan.{{Sfn|Ali|1996|p=163}} However, this did not deter the Marathas from conducting their annual raids on Janjira.{{Sfn|Malgonkar|1959|p=40}}

[[File:Janjira Fort Massive Fortification.JPG|Fortification of Janjira|thumb]]
Shivaji became a vassal of the Mughal Empire following his defeat and surrender at the [[Battle of Purandar]]. In this capacity, he sought to capture the Janjira fort for the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Richards |first=John F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC |title=The Mughal Empire |date=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-56603-2 |pages=210 |language=en}}</ref> However, the Mughal general Jai Singh intervened and prevented Shivaji from capturing Janjira.{{Sfn|Sardesai|2002|p=634}} However, Shivaji engaged in direct conflicts with the Siddis every year after the monsoon season starting from 1661.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mathew |first=Kuzhippalli Skaria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oP9tAAAAMAAJ |title=Indian Ocean and Cultural Interaction, A.D. 1400-1800 |date=1996 |publisher=Pondicherry University |isbn=978-81-900166-3-6 |pages=40 |language=en}}</ref> Despite his attempts, he consistently failed to capture the Janjira fort.{{Sfn|Gordon|2007|p=68}} Altogether, he lost 15,000 men through the naval raid he conducted.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khobarekara |first=Viṭhṭhala Gopāḷa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b4BuAAAAMAAJ |title=Konkan, from the Earliest to 1818 A.D.: A Study in Political and Socio-economic Aspects |date=2002 |publisher=Snehavardhan Publishing House |pages=71 |language=en}}</ref>

Between 1675 and 1677, Shivaji personally led efforts to besiege the Janjira fort. In August 1676, reinforcements under Peshwa Moropant arrived with a troop of 10,000, yet the Marathas were still unable to capture the Janjira fort.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J_ovAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Shivaji as Warriore and Administrator |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |pages=223 |language=en}}</ref> Siddi Qasim arrived with a Mughal fleet consisting of 300 men and successfully destroyed Moropant Pingale's floating batteries, forcing him to retreat to Raigarh. As a result, the siege was lifted, and the Marathas retreated by the end of December 1676.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khobarekara |first=Viṭhṭhala Gopāḷa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b4BuAAAAMAAJ |title=Konkan, from the Earliest to 1818 A.D.: A Study in Political and Socio-economic Aspects |date=2002 |publisher=Snehavardhan Publishing House |pages=72 |language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sardesai|2002|p=641}}

== Aftermath ==
The invasions of Janjira led Shivaji to recognize the significance of naval power, prompting him to construct a fleet of small, fast ships. While these vessels couldn't rival large European warships, they were effective in capturing merchant shipping. The primary objective of this fleet, similar to the construction of several sea forts, was to confront and constrain the Siddis of Janjira. Despite expanding control in the Konkan region, Shivaji's inability to defeat the Siddis during his reign persisted due to ineffective artillery.{{Sfn|Gordon|2007|p=68}}

In the years following Shivaji's death, the Siddis had expanded their landholdings to encompass much of the central and northern Konkan coastal plains.{{Sfn|Gordon|2007|p=123}} Janjira Fort was the only location along the [[Konkan]] coast that neither Shivaji nor Kanhoji nor any of their combined seven sons were able to defeat, capture, control, or administer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rhode |first=Grant Frederick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9sOzEAAAQBAJ |title=Great Power Clashes along the Maritime Silk Road: Lessons from History to Shape Current Strategy |date=2023-10-15 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-68247-867-7 |pages=243 |language=en}}</ref> The conquest of Janjira remained an unfulfilled ambition throughout Shivaji's life.{{Sfn|Sardesai|2002|p=915}}

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ali |first=Shanti Sadiq |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times |date=1996 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Gordon |first=Stewart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C |title=The Marathas 1600-1818 |date=2007-02-01 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-03316-9 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=MacDougall |first=Philip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIKfBwAAQBAJ |title=Naval Resistance to Britain's Growing Power in India, 1660-1800: The Saffron Banner and the Tiger of Mysore |date=2014 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd |isbn=978-1-84383-948-4 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sardesai |first=H. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W6d-Hd5UceUC |title=Shivaji, the Great Maratha |date=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-287-4 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Malgonkar |first=Manohar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YuoeAAAAMAAJ |title=Kanhoji Angrey, Maratha Admiral: An Account of His Life and His Battles with the English |date=1959 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |language=en|authorlink=Manohar Malgonkar}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Wars involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:1660s in India]]
[[Category:1670s in India]]
[[Category:Battles fought by Marathas under Sambhaji]]
[[Category:Military history of India]]
[[Category:Wars involving India]]
[[Category:1660s conflicts]]
[[Category:1670s conflicts]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]

Churni River

2025-09-29T17:13:58Z

RowenaGlenny3: brief correct content for accuracy and updated info

{{short description|River in West Bengal, India}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Churni River
| native_name = {{native name list |tag1=bn|name1=চূর্ণী}}
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology = 
| image = File:Stretch of Churni river near Radhanagar-Kalinarayanpur.jpg
| image_caption = A stretch of Churni river, Radhanagar-Kalinarayanpur
| image_size = 260
| map =
| map_size = 260
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 = Cities
| subdivision_name5 = [[Ranaghat]]
| length_km = 53
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location =
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max = 
| source1 = [[Mathabhanga River|Mathabhanga]]
| source1_location = [[Majhdia]]
| source1_coordinates =
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi]]
| mouth_location = Mangaldwip
| mouth_coordinates =
| mouth_elevation =
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| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
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}}
[[Image:Nadia Rivers.jpg|170px|right]]
The '''Churni River''' is a distributary of the Mathabhanga River and a tributary of the Hooghly River, flowing through Nadia district in West Bengal, India. The Mathabhanga River itself is a distributary of the Padma River. The Mathabhanga-Churni is one of the three Nadia Rivers <ref>Hunter WW (1875). A Statistical account of Bengal. Vol. II. Trubner & Co. London. P: 18-33</ref>—Bhagirathi, Jalangi, and Mathabhanga. The Mathabhanga-Churni system is also an Indo-Bangladesh transboundary river.<ref>Sarkar B, Islam A and Das BC (2020). Anthropo-Footprints on Churni River: A River of Stolen Water. In Das et al. (2020) eds. Anthropogeomorphology of Bhagirathi-Hooghly River System in India. Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN (eBook) 9781003032373. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003032373</ref>

==Course==
Char-Mahishkunadi village is located to the east of Char-Madhugori, along the northeastern border of Karimpur-1 block. To the east of the border fence of Char-Mahishkunadi lies a narrow bypass channel of the Padma River in Bangladesh. The Mathabhanga River branches off from this bypass channel at coordinates 24° 03' 43" N and 88° 44' 21" E.<ref>Das, B. C. (2024). Exploring the past to discern the present: The role of historico‐geographical study in differentiating natural river channels from artificial canals. River. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/rvr2.73</ref> However, the Mathabhanga is "beheaded" because its source from the Padma feeder channel is blocked by a large sandbar, except during the monsoon when water flows for one or two months. The Mathabhanga River runs 196.40 km from its offtake at Char-Mahishkunadi to Pabakhali near Majdia, where it splits into the Churni and Ichhamati rivers.
The right-bank distributary of the Mathabhanga River is the Churni River. From Majdia, the Churni flows northwest to Shibnibas, then southeast, passing through Chandannagar, Benali, Hanskhali, Bapujinagar, Byaspur, Aranghata, Kailarayanpur, Ranaghat, and Masunda, before emptying into the Hooghly River at Shibpur. The Churni River covers a distance of approximately 53 km from its source at Pabakhali near Majdia to its confluence with the Hooghly River at Shibpurrr (23°07′58″ N, 88°30′08″ E), although other sources report it as 56 km.<ref>Sarkar, B., & Islam, A. (2019). Assessing the suitability of water for irrigation using major physical parameters and ion chemistry: A study of the Churni River, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 12(20), 637.</ref> The sediment deposited at the confluence of the Churni and Hooghly rivers has created 'Mangaldwip' island, which now hosts an Eco-Tourism Park.

In various cultural narratives—including popular folklore, newspaper columns, local literature, and some research articles —the Churni River is consistently described as an artificially constructed canal.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1002%2Frvr2.73&file=rvr273-sup-0001-Annex_RIVER_Final.docx | doi=10.1002/rvr2.73 | title=Exploring the past to discern the present: The role of historico-geographical study in differentiating natural river channels from artificial canals | date=2024 | last1=Das | first1=Balai C. | journal=River | volume=3 | pages=89–106 | doi-access=free }}</ref> These accounts credit Maharaja Krishnachandra of Nadia with creating this waterway by diverting a segment of the Ichamati River's flow. The river was named 'Churni,' meaning 'female thief'.<ref>সাহিত্য সংসদ (২০০০).সংসদ বাংলা অভিধান, কোলকাতা, ISBN 81-86806-92-X</ref><ref>দাস,জ্ঞানেন্দ্রমোহন(২০০৩). বাংলা ভাষার অভিধান, সাহিত্য সংসদ,কোলকাতা, ISBN 81-85626-08-1</ref> In 1742, fearing a Bargi invasion, Maharaja Krishnachandra is said to have shifted his capital from Krishnagar to Shibnibas, where he built a moat around the new capital and connected it by cutting the artificial Churni River to make the area impassable to invaders.
[[File:ANJANA 3.jpg|thumb|Paleo channels, meander Scars, and oxbow lakes adjacent to the present course suggest the natural origin of the R. Churni <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Balai C. |date=February 2024 |title=Exploring the past to discern the present: The role of historico-geographical study in differentiating natural river channels from artificial canals |journal=River |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=89–106 |doi=10.1002/rvr2.73 |issn=2750-4867|doi-access=free }}</ref>]]
A thorough review of existing literatures Nadia Kahini, (''Mallik, Kumudnath 1919'') Kshitish Vansabali Charita, (''Ray, Kartikeya Chandra 1876'') and Sri Maharaj Krishnachandra Rayasya Charitang (''Mukhopadhyay, Rajeev Lochan 1811'') and an analysis of the current channel morphology of the river reveals that the myths and rumors about its origins—claiming it was artificially constructed by Maharaja Krishnachandra—are unsupported by evidence.<ref>দাশ, বলাই চন্দ্র (2023). চূর্ণী এক চুরি করা জলের নদী: জনশ্রুতি আর সত্যের সন্ধানে. APRIL 2023 | Maadhukari.com . https://www.maadhukari.com/apr-2023</ref> Instead, a more likely explanation suggests that the Maharaja's efforts were directed at restoring the silted and deteriorating course of an already existing river.<ref>Das, B. C. (2024). Exploring the past to discern the present: The role of historico‐geographical study in differentiating natural river channels from artificial canals. River. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/rvr2.73</ref> Additionally, there is no evidence to support the claim that Maharaja Krishnachandra named the river 'Churni'.
As recently as the 1930s, the river was an important route for water travel and trade. However, in the 21st century it has partly silted up, has many small bars, and is no longer navigable.

== Pollution and water quality ==
Industrial wastewater significantly degrades fish habitats in the Mathabhanga-Churni River, particularly impacting species near the Carew and Company sugar and chemical industry. Sites RE1 and RE2, closer to this industrial complex, experience higher pollution levels than RE3.

The primary effect of this wastewater is on the stream's oxygen levels. Decomposition of organic matter by bacteria leads to dissolved oxygen depletion (0.2 mg/L) and increased BOD (68 mg/L). Additionally, free CO2 levels rose from 12.8 mg/L to 31 mg/L, while primary productivity plummeted from 18.4 mg C/m3/hour to zero.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sarkar |first1=Biplab |last2=Islam |first2=Aznarul |last3=Chandra Das |first3=Balai |date=2021-12-01 |title=Role of declining discharge and water pollution on habitat suitability of fish community in the Mathabhanga-Churni River, India |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652621036076 |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=326 |article-number=129426 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129426 |issn=0959-6526|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Consequently, industrial pollution is a major factor in habitat degradation, abnormal fish behavior, and the decline of fish species.

Urban wastewater discharge poses a significant pollution threat to the Churni River, particularly impacting fish habitats. Only the downstream part (RE3) is affected by untreated sewage from Ranaghat Municipality, which generates approximately 9,490 tons of municipal solid waste annually. The municipality's water consumption and sewage generation are estimated at 15.49 and 10.14 million liters per day (MLD), respectively, with no sewage treatment plant currently in place.

Nine major point sources of pollution exist within the municipality, with Sreenathpur (2.799 MLD) and Basko Khal (3.638 MLD) contributing significantly to sewage levels, both having a high BOD of 48 mg/L and fecal coliform counts of 900,000 MPN/100 mL and 230,000 MPN/100 mL, respectively. These outfalls greatly increase water pollution and habitat degradation.

Agricultural activities in the river basin, marked by excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, significantly contribute to nonpoint source pollution. Unlike measurable point sources, nonpoint discharges are estimated. High concentrations of phosphate, nitrate, and ammonia are often due to agricultural runoff. This study evaluates how these practices elevate nutrient levels in the Churni River.

Phosphate: Expected phosphate levels in uncontaminated water are 0.01–0.03 mg L−1. Levels above 0.1 mg L−1 cause eutrophication. At Majhdia, phosphate peaked at 0.109 mg L−1 post-monsoon, while Ranaghat reached 0.119 mg L−1. Both locations exceed the desirable limit of 0.03 mg L−1, leading to excessive aquatic plant growth that depletes oxygen and harms aquatic life. Low dissolved oxygen levels, results in reduced fish diversity.

Nitrate: There is a direct correlation between ploughed land, nitrogen fertilizer use, and river nitrate loading. Unused nitrogen from crops enters water bodies, influenced by factors like fertilizer type and rainfall. Nitrate levels at Majhdia hit 1.21 mg L−1 post-monsoon, and Ranaghat recorded 1.14 mg L−1. All seasons exceeded the safe limit, causing respiratory issues and nerve damage in fish.

Ammonia: Ammonia concentrations have surpassed the acceptable limit of 0.1 mg L−1 in all seasons. Majhdia recorded 5.33 mg L−1 in pre-monsoon, while Ranaghat reached 0.50 mg L−1. High ammonia levels lower fish disease resistance, causing gill damage and other health issues.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Churni near Pabakhali, Majhdia, Nadia.jpg|Mathabhanga divides into Churni and Ichhamati near Pabakhali, Majhdia of Nadia
File:Churni meets Bhagirathi river.jpg|Churni meets Bhagirathi river near Shibpur, Payradanga of Nadia
File:A polluted stretch of river Churni.jpg|Polluted dark water filled with water hyacinth in a stretch of river near Ranaghat, Nadia
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Rivers in and around Bengal}}

{{coord|23|08|N|88|30|E|display=title|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Rivers of West Bengal|Churni]]

M. P. Shah Medical College

2025-09-10T07:39:29Z

RowenaGlenny3: correct intro and improved wording

{{short description|Jamnagar Medical College, Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date = January 2021}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Shri M. P. Shah Government Medical College
| native_name = શ્રી એમ.પી. શાહ સરકારી મેડિકલ કોલેજ
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| motto = पूर्णम स्वास्थ्यम ध्येयम
| mottoeng = Goal of Total Health
| established = {{start date and age|1954}}
| founder = [[Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji Jadeja|Jam Saheb Shri Digvijaysinhji]]
| type = [[Public]] [[medical school|medical college]]
| dean = Dr. Nandini Desai
| undergrad = 250
| postgrad = 176
| city = [[Jamnagar]]
| state = [[Gujarat]]
| country = [[India]]
| affiliation = [[Saurashtra University]]
| website = {{URL|www.mpsmc.in}}
}}

'''Shri Meghji Pethraj Shah Government Medical College''' (also known as '''M. P. Shah Medical College'''), named after [[Meghji Pethraj Shah]], is a [[public university|public]] [[medical college]] in [[Jamnagar]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. It is associated with the Guru Gobindsingh Government Hospital (G.G.G. Hospital), formerly known as Irwin Hospital, the second-largest hospital complex in the state of Gujarat.<mapframe latitude="22.477452666565682" longitude="70.06523691555469" zoom="16" width="400" height="300" />

==History==
G.G. Hospital (the academic medical center associated with the M.P. Shah Medical College) was inaugurated by [[Lord Irwin]] in 1927. In 1933, during the rule of [[Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji]], the Irwin Hospital was expanded, with the addition of specialty departments. Abdul Karim Jamal started a dispensary opposite Irwin Hospital (A. K. Jamal Dispensary) and the Sarmatwala dispensary was started during this period. All these dispensaries including the city dispensary were merged with G.G Hospital — hence the name G.G. Hospitals.

In 1954, M. P. Shah Medical College came into existence and Irwin hospital was affiliated with it. In 2000, on the eve of the 300th birthday anniversary of Lord [[Guru Gobind Singh]], [[Government of Gujarat]] renamed the Irwin Group of Hospitals as Guru Gobind Singh Hospital.

Dr. Dadabhai and Dr. Kalyaniwala Khandbahadur were the first heads of Irwin Group of Hospitals. Dr. Ruks Thomas (FRCS) was appointed as the first surgeon general in 1927. Dr. [[Pranjivandas Manekchand Mehta]] was his successor. At the establishment of M.P. Shah Medical College in 1954, Dr. Ramniklal C. Talsania & then Dr. P. C. Rakshit took over from Dr. P. M. Mehta as the first dean and medical superintendent. At present Dr. Deepak Tiwari is medical superintendent of G.G. Hospital.

==Facilities==
Starting with 200 beds in 1927, the hospital has seen several major expansions. Today, it is one of the leading tertiary care and referral medical centers for the region of Saurashtra with a bed strength of 1275 (2005). The hospital has 50 indoor wards and 10 operation theaters.

== Affiliations ==
It is affiliated with [[Saurashtra University]] and offers the following courses:

* [[MBBS]]
* MD, [[General Medicine]]
* MD, radio diagnosis, [[radiology]]
* MD, [[tuberculosis]] and [[respiratory disease]]s, [[pulmonary medicine]]
* MD, Paediatrics
* MD/MS, [[obstetrics]] and M [[gynaecology]]
* MD/MS, [[ophthalmology]]
* MS, [[Ear, Nose and Throat]]
* MS, [[General Surgery]]
* MS, [[Orthopaedics]]
* MD, [[Anaesthesia]]

== Seats ==
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="3" |'''SANCTION PG UG SEATS AS PER MCI ON FEBRUARY-2019'''
|-
|'''No''' <ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Capacity of UG and PG|url=http://mpsmc.in/capacity-of-ug-and-pgs|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>
|'''Subject'''
|'''MCI Intake Recognized PG Seats'''
|-
|'''1'''
|ANATOMY
|4
|-
|'''2'''
|PHYSIOLOGY
|4
|-
|'''3'''
|PHARMACOLOGY
|6
|-
|'''4'''
|MICROBIOLOGY
|5
|-
|'''5'''
|PATHOLOGY
|9
|-
|'''6'''
|P.S.M.
|7
|-
|'''7'''
|FORENSIC MEDICINE
|2
|-
|'''8'''
|SURGERY
|16
|-
|'''9'''
|MEDICINE
|17
|-
|'''10'''
|OBST. & GYNAC.
|5
|-
|'''11'''
|ORTHOPEDICS
|9
|-
|'''12'''
|OPHTHALMOLOGY
|8
|-
|'''13'''
|ANAESTHESIOLOGY
|12
|-
|'''14'''
|RADIOLOGY
|6
|-
|'''15'''
|PEDIATRICS -3
|3
|-
|'''16'''
|ENT
|3
|-
|'''17'''
|PSYCHIATRY
|2
|-
|'''18'''
|TB & CHEST
|3
|-
|'''19'''
|RADIOTHERAPY
|1
|-
|'''20'''
|SKIN V.D.
|2
|-
|'''21'''
|I.H.B.T.
|1
|-
|
|'''TOTAL'''
|'''125'''
|-
| colspan="2" |'''SUPER SPECIALITY'''
|
|-
|
|Mch Plastic Surgery
|1
|-
|'''U.G.'''
|'''M.B.B.S.'''
|'''250'''
|}
*

== See also ==
* [[List of medical colleges in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links ==
* http://www.mpsmc.in/data/solarium.php
{{coord|22.4779|70.0656|type:edu_region:IN-GJ|display=title}}

[[Category:Medical colleges in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Education in Jamnagar]]
[[Category:Private medical colleges in India]]

Gua, Jharkhand

2025-09-01T19:44:39Z

RowenaGlenny3: updated page

{{Short description|City in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gua
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.2|N|85.38|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pashchimi Singhbhum district|Pashchimi Singhbhum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 435
| population_total = 10891
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Ho language|Ho]], [[Odia language|Odia]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 833213
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 06596
| registration_plate =JH
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Gua''' is a [[census town]] in [[Pashchimi Singhbhum district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]]. It is a mining township situated in the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chotanagpur Plateau]]. The mines are operated by the [[Steel Authority of India Limited]] and are linked to [[IISCO]] at [[Burnpur]].

Despite its small geographical area, Gua holds a dominant position in Jharkhand politics. Many private companies such as Jindal Steel, Adhunik, Rungta, Ashirwad Enterprises make huge profits from the area, but show little interest in education, healthcare, and other necessities of the general public.
A school, DAV Senior Secondary Public School, is run by the DAV community to support the holistic development of students.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Gua had a population of 10,891. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Gua has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 50%. In Gua, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

The local inhabitants are known as [[Ho people]], while the second largest group of inhabitants in the area is Oriya.

==Geography==
The source of water at Gua is the [[South Karo River]].

==Culture==
The main festivals of Gua are [[Durga Puja]], [[Diwali]], [[Kali Puja]], [[Makar Sankranti]], Vishwakarma Puja, Ganesh Chaturti, Sarhul, Karma, Ram Navami, [[Krishna Jayanti]], Basanti Puja, Chatt, Mage Purv, Eid and Mines Safety Week as well.

==Transport==

Gua is well connected by rail and road to major township of [[Chaibasa]], [[Chakradharpur]], [[Tatanagar]]([[Jamshedpur]]), [[Rourkela]], [[Cuttack]] and [[Bhubaneshwar]]. A direct train comes from Tata to Gua every day- Tata Gua passenger. There are a few bus services to Tata every day as well. There is a train from Jamda( 10 km from Gua) to Calcutta- Jan Shatabdi express which connects Gua to the nearest metro.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kolhan Division}}

[[Category:Mining communities in India]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in West Singhbhum district]]

{{Jharkhand-geo-stub}}

Sri Jayadev College of Pharmaceutical Sciences

2025-08-31T02:59:49Z

RowenaGlenny3: corrected details for accuracy per standard format

{{Short description|Pharmacy College in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India established 1983}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Sri Jayadev College of pharmaceutical sciences
| native_name = ''Sri Jayadev College of pharmaceutical sciences''
| image_name =
| image_size =
| motto =
| established = 1983
| type = Private Pharmacy College
| endowment =
| staff =
| faculty =
| chairman = Dr. Prafulla Chandra Tripathy
| director =
| principal = Prof. (Dr.) Nilima Shukla
| students = 400+
| undergrad = [[BPharm]], [[DPharma]]
| postgrad = [[MPharm]]
| doctoral =
| profess =
| city = [[Bhubaneswar]]
| state = [[Odisha]]
| country = [[India]]
| campus = Urban, Naharkanta
| free_label =
| free =
| colours =
| nickname = SJCPS
| affiliations = [[AICTE]], [[BPUT]], [[Pharmacy Council of India|PCI]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pci.nic.in/CollegesCourses/ApprovedDegreeinstitutionsus12-6.aspx |title=Approved Degree institutions u/S 12 |access-date=15 April 2012 |archive-date=13 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413105043/http://www.pci.nic.in/CollegesCourses/ApprovedDegreeinstitutionsus12-6.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| website = https://sjcpsodisha.org
| coor = {{coord|20.328913|85.872263|region:IN-OR_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| logo =
}}
'''Sri Jayadev College of pharmaceutical sciences''' is a college in [[Bhubaneswar]], Odisha, India providing Pharmacy education since 1983.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.collegein.net/a-Sri-Jayadev-College-Of-Pharmaceutical-Sciences-Khurda--3777 |title=Sri Jayadev College Of Pharmaceutical Sciences Khurda |website=www.collegein.net |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109205557/http://www.collegein.net/a-sri-jayadev-college-of-pharmaceutical-sciences-khurda--3777 |archive-date=2011-11-09 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109205557/http://www.collegein.net/a-sri-jayadev-college-of-pharmaceutical-sciences-khurda--3777 |date=9 November 2011 }}</ref>

==Academics==
For D.Pharm, B.Pharm & M.Pharm.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Discipline
! Course
! Seats
|-
| [[B.Pharm]]
| [[Pharmacy]]
| 60
|-
| [[Master of Pharmacy|M.Pharm]]
| [[Pharmaceutics]]
| 18
|-
| [[Master of Pharmacy|M.Pharm]]
| [[Pharmaceutical Chemistry]]
| 10
|-
| [[Master of Pharmacy|M.Pharm]]
| [[Pharmacology]]
| 18
|-
| [[Master of Pharmacy|M.Pharm]]
| [[Drug test|Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Assurance]]
| 18
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{CCBYSA4Source|sourcepath=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Jayadev_College_of_Pharmaceutical_Sciences&oldid=1242674391|sourcearticle=Sri Jayadev College of Pharmaceutical Sciences|revision=1242675513|author(s)=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Jayadev_College_of_Pharmaceutical_Sciences&action=history}}

==External links==
*[http://www.sjcpsodisha.org/ Sri Jayadev College of pharmaceutical sciences]

{{Pharmacy schools in India}}
{{Biju Patnaik University of Technology}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Pharmacy schools in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated with Biju Patnaik University of Technology]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1983]]
[[Category:1983 establishments in Orissa]]

{{Odisha-university-stub}}

Kandukondain Kandukondain (TV series)

2025-08-28T07:52:14Z

RowenaGlenny3: put up some page and citations!

{{short description|Indian Tamil TV Series}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kandukonden Kandukonden.jpg
| image_size =
| genre = Soap opera
| writer =
| screenplay =
| creative_director =
| director = Ramkumar Doss
| starring = Vishnu Unnikrishnan Krishnapriya K Nair
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 265
| list_episodes =
| producer =
| company = In House Production
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme = "Kandukonden Kandukonden"
| location =
| music =
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| network = [[Zee Tamil]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2019|4|1}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2020|8|20}}
| related =
}}

'''''Kandukondain Kandukondain''''' or '''''Kandukonden Kandukonden''''' ({{Translation|I Have Seen It, I Have Seen It}}) is an Indian [[Tamil-language]] soap opera which aired on [[Zee Tamil]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-show-kandukonden-kandukonden-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/68659247.cms|title=New show Kandukonden Kandukonden to premiere soon|website=The Times of India|date=31 March 2019 |access-date=26 October 2020|archive-date=25 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425211036/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/new-show-kandukonden-kandukonden-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/68659247.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It stars Vishnu Unnikrishnan and Krishnapriya. It aired from 1 April 2019 to August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onenov.in/kandukonden-kandukonden-serial-cast/|title=Kandukonden Kandukonden|website=onenov.in|date=30 March 2019|access-date=26 October 2020|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029110722/https://www.onenov.in/kandukonden-kandukonden-serial-cast/|url-status=live}}</ref> The series premiered on 1 April 2019 and, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], it ended on 20 August 2020 with 265 episodes.

==Plot==
Vikram, who lost their parents in childhood and grown under his grandmother Anjana Devi. Vikram loves a girl, Preethi, and decides to marry her. But Vikram's aunt Chandrika and her daughter Kriba makes plan to separate them. Thus by a twist of fate, finally Vikram married Preethi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/zee-tamil-set-to-strengthen-its-content-offerings-with-kandukonden-kandukonden-launch-2192235.html|title=Zee Tamil set to strengthen its content offerings with Kandukonden Kandukonden launch|website=Zee News|date=3 April 2019|access-date=26 October 2020|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029152456/https://zeenews.india.com/television/zee-tamil-set-to-strengthen-its-content-offerings-with-kandukonden-kandukonden-launch-2192235.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Main===
* Vishnu Unnikrishnan as Vikram<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/5-times-vishnu-unnikrishnan-aka-vikram-from-kandukondain-kandukondain-entertained-us|title=5 Times Vishnu Unnikrishnan Aka Vikram from Kandukondain Kandukondain Entertained Us|website=Zee5 News|date=4 May 2019|access-date=7 February 2022|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207083023/https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/5-times-vishnu-unnikrishnan-aka-vikram-from-kandukondain-kandukondain-entertained-us|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Krishnapriya K Nair as Preethi / Thenmozhi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/5-pictures-of-kandukondain-kandukondains-preethi-to-start-your-day-with|title=5 Pictures of Kandukondain Kandukondain's Preethi to Start Your Day with|website=Zee5 News|date=3 May 2019|access-date=7 February 2022|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207083155/https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/5-pictures-of-kandukondain-kandukondains-preethi-to-start-your-day-with|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Supporting===
* [[Seema (actress)|Seema]] as Anjana Devi: Vikram's grandmother<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.thehindu.com/cinema/tamil-cinema/article27361047.ece|title=Seema acting in Kandukonden Kandukonden serial|website=The Hindu Tamil|access-date=17 January 2021|archive-date=4 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504041349/https://www.hindutamil.in/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Anu Sulash as Kriba: Vikram's cousin and Chandrika's daughter
* Amritha Varnan as Chandrika: Anjana's daughter and Vikram's aunt
* Premalatha as Vikram's parental aunt
* Madhu Mohan as Vikram's parental uncle
* Anbazhagan as Ramki: Chandrika's husband
* Dhindukal Saravanan as Veerabhagu: House worker
* Madhumitha Illayaraja as Sreeja: Chandrika's relation

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|10442948}}

{{Zee Tamil shows}}

[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:2019 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Zee Tamil original programming]]
[[Category:2020 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]

Gulam Jilani Warsi

2025-08-16T17:47:57Z

RowenaGlenny3: made new info...

'''Gulam Jilani Warsi,''' (also spelt '''Ghulam Jeelani Warsi''') is an Indian politician. He has been a member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kanti Assembly constituency]] from [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]] to February 2005 as a representative of the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar MLA List 2005 |url=https://vidhansabha.bihar.gov.in/pdf/ex%20mla/12.pdf |website=vidhansabha.bihar.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-11 |title=Kanti : इजरायल मंसूरी को टक्कर कौन देगा कांटी सीट पर ? |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/bihar-election/kanti-constituency/kanti-kanti-who-will-challenge-israel-mansoori-on-kanti-seat |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharatvarsh |first=TV9 |date=2020-11-10 |title=Bihar Chunav Result LIVE: कांटी विधानसभा सीट, यहां देखें कौन जीता, कौन हारा |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/state/bihar/kanti-vidhan-sabha-seat-news-old-results-assembly-candidates-list-bihar-election-2020-324185.html |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gulam Jilani Warasi, Kanti Assembly Elections 2000 |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/2000/kanti/gulam-jilani-warasi/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref> He supported [[Mohammad Israil Mansuri]], a candidate of Rashtriya Janata Dal, in the 2020 Bihar Assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=कांटी के पूर्व MLA गुलाम जिलानी ने दिया इसराइल मंसूरी को पूर्ण समर्थन |url=https://naukarshahi.com/ex-mla-ghulam-zilani-warsi-extends-support-kanti-rjd-candidate-israil-mansuri/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=NAUKARSHAHI.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Political career ==
He fought 2000 Bihar Assembly election from Kanti Assembly constituency as a representative of Rashtriya Janata Dal. He won against Ajit Kumar of Ajeya Bharat Party who stood second and Harendra Kumar of Samata Party who stood at the third position.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanti Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/kanti-bihar-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Warsi, Gulam Jilani}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2000–2005]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Vyas Kashyap

2025-03-17T16:34:10Z

RowenaGlenny3: Put up a data

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}

'''Vyas Narayan Kashyap''' (born 1966)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Chhattisgarh]]. He is an MLA from [[Janjgir-Champa Assembly constituency|Janjgir Champa Assembly constituency]] in [[Janjgir–Champa district|Janjgir Champa district]]. He won the [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Indian National Congress.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Janjgir Champa Vidhan Sabha Chunav Result 2023: कांग्रेस ने सभी सीटों पर मारी बाजी, जानें फाइनल रिजल्ट में बीजेपी का हाल |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/chhattisgarh/raipur/janjgir-champa-election-results-2023-know-sakti-chandrapur-jaijaipur-pamgarh-akalta-candidates-winner-losers-with-previous-year/articleshow/105663023.cms |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Kashyap is from [[Janjgir–Champa district|Janjgir Champa]], Chhattisgarh. He is the son of Shaniram Kashyap. He completed his graduation in arts, in 1989, at [[Guru Ghasidas University]], [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Vyas Narayan Kashyap(Bahujan Samaj Party(BSP)):Constituency- Janjgir-Champa – Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/chhattisgarh2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=1755 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Kashyap won from Janjgir Champa Assembly constituency representing the [[Indian National Congress]] in the 2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election. He polled 72,900 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Narayan Chandel]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 6,971 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nirmitha Rao |first=Lingamgunta |date=2023-12-23 |title=Results 2023: Full list of winners from Congress |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chhattisgarh-assembly-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners-from-congress-101701569748212.html |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=www.hindustantimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Janjgir-Champa Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: INC's Byas Kashyap S/o Shaniram Kashyap with 72900 defeats BJP's Narayan Chandel |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/janjgir-champa-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470851-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kashyap, Vyas}}

[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Janjgir-Champa district]]

{{Chhattisgarh-INC-politician-stub}}

Zain Yar Jung

2024-10-15T02:50:35Z

RowenaGlenny3: formatting fix

{{Short description|Indian architect (1889–1961)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2019}}

{{Infobox architect
| name = Zain Yar Jung
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1889
| birth_place = |
| birth_name = Syed Zainuddin Hussain Khan
| death_date = 1961
| death_place =
| nationality =
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (1956)
| alma_mater =
| significant_buildings = {{Unbulleted list|[[Jubilee Hall, Hyderabad|Jubilee Hall]]|[[Aza Khane Zehra]]|[[Raj Bhavan, Hyderabad|Raj Bhavan]]}}
| significant_projects =
| significant_design =
| honorific_prefix = Nawab
| children = [[Sadath Ali Khan]]
}}

[[File:Class of 1944, Osmania University College of Engineering.jpg|thumb|Zain Yar Jung (first row, sixth from right), with [[Osmania University]] engineering students.]]

'''Zain Yar Jung''' (1889–1961) was an architect.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/ou-architect-was-nizams-emissary-before-merger/articleshow/58323078.cms|title=OU architect was Nizam's emissary before merger|date=23 April 2017|first=Syed|last=Akbar|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/education/college-and-university/Arts-College-a-historic-masterpiece/article12550064.ece|title=Arts College: a historic masterpiece|date=2012-10-08|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-09-28|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He served as the Chief Architect of [[Hyderabad State]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxyGbhlKQXQC|title=A Concise History of Modern Architecture in India|last=Lang|first=Jon T.|date=2002|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=9788178240176|pages=26|language=en}}</ref>

== Career as Architect ==
Zain Yar Jung was associated with the construction of [[Osman Sagar]], The Badshahi Mosque, and [[Himayat Sagar]].

The Nizam sent two eminent architects, Nawab Zain Yar Jung and Syed Ali Raza, on a study tour of beautiful buildings around the world. They met noted Belgian architect, Ernest Jasper, in Egypt and enlisted his services for designing a university at Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/2013/oct/07/on-the-heritage-trail-523736.html |title=On the heritage trail |date=7 October 2013 |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=2020-01-04}}</ref> He worked on the [[Osmania University]] under Jasper.<ref name="TheHindu17">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/arts-college-building-a-hand-me-down-architectural-gem/article17895207.ece |title=Arts College building, a hand-me-down architectural gem |last=Nanisetti |first=Serish |date=2017-04-08 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2020-01-04 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Political career==
He was later sent as an emissary of the Nizam to negotiate terms of the merger of [[Hyderabad State]] with India.

He was granted the title of [[Nawab]] by the Nizam of Hyderabad. He received [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1956.<ref name="TheHindu17" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1954–1959}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jung, Zain Yar}}
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad State]]

{{India-architect-stub}}