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Sanjay Kumar Singh (Mahua)

2026-05-08T17:12:54Z

Roshni: Started some bio initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician from Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sanjay Kumar Singh
| image =
| caption =
| office = Minister of Public Health Engineering [[Government of Bihar]]
| term_start = 7 May 2026
|predecessor = [[Samrat Choudhary]]
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Samrat Choudhary]]
| term_start1 = 20 November 2025
| term_end1 = 15 April 2026
| 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Nitish Kumar]]
| predecessor1 = [[Neeraj Kumar Singh Bablu|Neeraj Kumar Singh]]
| successor1 = [[Samrat Choudhary]]
| office2 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member of the]] [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 = [[Mahua Assembly constituency|Mahua]]
| term_start2 = 14 November 2025
| predecessor2 = [[Mukesh Kumar Raushan]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|04|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Mahua, Vaishali, Bihar, India
| party = [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]]
| father = Late Ramnath Singh
| spouse = Alka Singh
| children = 2 daughters, 1 son
| profession = Businessman, Politician
| alma_mater = [[Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University|BRABU Muzaffarpur]]
}}

'''Sanjay Kumar Singh''' (born 12 April 1979) is an Indian politician and businessman from Bihar. He currently serves as the Minister for public health engineering of Bihar. He is the sitting Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Mahua Assembly constituency]], elected for the first time in the [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]. He is a member of the [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]], and is considered close to party national president and Union Minister [[Chirag Paswan]].<ref name="ht">{{cite web|title=Mahua Bihar Election Result 2025 Live|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mahua-bihar-election-result-2025-live-tej-pratap-yadav-sanjay-kumar-singh-mukesh-kumar-winner-vote-margin-latest-updates-101763080971807.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sanjay Kumar Singh was born on 12 April 1979 in Mahua, Vaishali district, Bihar. He completed his graduation in 2016 from [[Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University]] (BRABU), Muzaffarpur.<ref name="myneta">{{cite web|title=Sanjay Kumar Singh – Mahua Candidate 2025|url=https://www.myneta.info/Bihar2025/candidate.php?candidate_id=1590|website=MyNeta.info|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref> His father, Late Ramnath Singh, was respected locally.

== Political career ==
Singh contested the [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] as the NDA-backed candidate of the [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]]. He won the Mahua seat, defeating his opponents in a multi-cornered contest.<ref name="toi">{{cite web|title=Mahua Election Results 2025 Live Updates|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mahua-election-results-2025-live-updates-seat-vote-counting-status-tej-pratap-yadav/articleshow/125308963.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>

Before his victory, the seat was held by [[Mukesh Kumar Raushan]]. Singh received strong campaign support from [[Chirag Paswan]] and several NDA leaders.<ref name="lh2">{{cite web|title=Chirag Paswan holds road show in Mahua for NDA candidate Sanjay Singh|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/hajipur/story-chirag-paswan-and-umesh-kushwaha-conduct-road-show-in-mahua-for-nda-candidate-sanjay-singh-201762198873350.html|website=Live Hindustan|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>

The Election Commission of India confirmed his win with official vote data.<ref name="eci">{{cite web|title=Mahua – Constituencywise Results|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/ConstituencywiseS04126.htm|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Sanjay Kumar Singh is married to Alka Singh. The couple has two daughters and one son. Apart from politics, he is a businessman based in Mahua.<ref name="bhaskar">{{cite web|title=Sanjay Singh wins Mahua Assembly seat|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/vaishali/mahua/news/sanjay-singh-won-the-election-from-mahua-assembly-constituency-136419719.html|website=Dainik Bhaskar|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Mahua Assembly constituency]]
* [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Chirag Paswan]]
* [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Sanjay Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:People from Vaishali district]]
[[Category:Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) politicians]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University alumni]]

Chand Sadagar

2026-05-07T08:00:08Z

Roshni: created new data...

{{short description|Indian merchant}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Fan POV|date=April 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2024}}
}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Chand Sadagar চান্দ সদাগৰ চাঁদ সদাগর
| image = Chando Saudagarh.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Chandradhar
| birth_date = 200–300 AD
| birth_place = Champaknagar, [[Eastern South Asia]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| occupation = Ancient merchant
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse = Sanaka
| children = 7
| relatives = [[Behula]] (daughter-in-law)
}}
[[File:Merghar.jpg|thumb|Ruins of ''Merghar'' (মেৰঘৰ), Mathpara Village, Chhaygaon, Assam]]
'''Chand Sadagar''' ([[Assamese language|Assamese]]: চান্দ সদাগৰ, [[Bengali language|Bengali]]: চাঁদ সদাগর) or '''Chandradhar''' was a sea merchant of Champaknagar. This merchant has been claimed by both the [[Assamese people|Assamese]] and the [[Bengalis]]. Medieval Bengali poet [[Bipradas Pipilai]] mentioned in his ''"[[Manasamangal Kāvya]]"'' (or "Manasa Vijay") that merchant ship of Chand Sadagar used to proceed to the sea from ancient Champaknagar after passing through [[Tribeni, Hooghly|Tribeni]], situated at the junction of [[Saptagram]] and the confluence of [[Hooghly River|Ganges]], [[Saraswati River (Bengal)|Saraswati]] and [[Jamuna River (West Bengal)|Jamuna River]] of modern-day [[West Bengal]].<ref>Roy, Niharranjan, ''Bangalir Itihas, Adi Parba'', first published 1972, reprint 2005, p. 75, Dey's Publishing, 13 Bankim Chatterjee Street, Kolkata, {{ISBN|81-7079-270-3}}</ref> Narayan Dev in the scriptures gave an account in his ''Manasamangal'' about the merchant ship of the trader Chand Saudagar proceeding to the sea from ancient Champaknagar passing through [[Saptagram]] and Tribeni, the tri-junction of the Ganges, Saraswati and Jamuna River.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} In the ''Padma Puran'' (Hindu Scripture), account of Chand Bania (Sadagar) is specifically mentioned.

==The location of Champaknagar==

=== Assamese version ===
According to Assamese folklore, Champaknagar is placed in [[Chaygaon]], [[Kamrup region|Kamrup]], about 30–40 km from Guwahati, Assam.<ref>Kanak Lal Barua, ''Early history of Kāmarupa'',1966 Kamarupi trader named Chand Sadagar whose home was in Chaygaon in modern Kamrup, on the south bank of the Brahmaputra</ref> Champaknagar is still there in Chaygaon area of [[Kamrup district|Kamrup]] dist in Assam. There are remains of ancient structures and also a statue of Devi Kali there, the structure is also known as Mer ghar. Locals believe that it is that house or place where Behula and Lakhindhar spent the first night after marriage and there Lakhindhar was bitten by a Snake sent my Manasa Devi. To escape from the plight of Ma Manasa, Lakhindhar and Behula escaped to a place called [[Gokul Medh]], 3 km south of [[Mahasthangarh]] and 9 km north of [[Bogra]] town, 1 km from the Bogra-Rangpur road of modern [[Bangladesh]] after Behula's Basarghar or Lakhinder's Medh. During excavations here in 1934–36, 162 rectangular abattoirs were found in a lined courtyard. It was built in the sixth or seventh century AD. According to local folklore, this place is associated with Behula and Lakhinder. The remains of a temple have been found 800 meters west of the north-west corner of the ruins at Chengispur village in Mahasthangarh. It is called Khullana mound. The Karatoya River, which flows through the region, is now narrow but is known to have been huge in the past.There is a region in [[Dhubri district|Dhubri]] district of Assam, much north of Bogra, the area is believed to be reminiscent of Mansa's companion leader Netai Dhubuni. Netai Dhubuni is known as the divine washerwoman who washed the cloths of Gods. There is also a rock associated to her near Netai Dhubuni park in [[Dhubri]] town. The name of [[Dhubri]] town is also named after Netai Dhubni. There is also a hillock named Chandardinga in Dhubri district of Assam the people there believe that the boat of Chand Sadagar crashed and sank down at that place.

=== Bengali version ===
According to the local folklore of [[Bengal]] ''Champaknagari'', or [[Kasba, Bardhaman|Kasba-Champainagari]], situated in the [[Purba Bardhaman district]] of [[West Bengal]] is the Champak Nagar of ancient Bengali merchant Chand Sadagar. The locals believe that the place is associated with Ma Manasa and Chand Sadagar. In "[[Ain-i-Akbari]]" also the name of Champainagari Pargana under Sarkar Madaran has been mentioned, which was located in the present Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal. Kasba-Champainagari is located on the north bank of [[Damodar River]], approx. 32 miles west of [[Bardhaman]] city and south of [[Bud Bud|Budbud]]. We know from the story of Manasamangal that Chand Sadagar was a staunch Shaivite and he even built a Shiva temple in his house. According to the local folklore of this village, the two Shivalingas (one of which is Rameshwar Shivalinga) resting in two ancient Shiva Temples situated in this village of [[Purba Bardhaman]] were established by Chand Sadagar himself. There is a beautiful Shiva temple on a high mound situated to the south of the DVC canal. The Shiva temple, located next to a huge Ashwattha tree, has a huge Shivalinga (without the Gauri Patta), known as Rameshwar Shivalinga. There are also two high mounds in the village, one of which is believed to be the ruins of Behula's Basarghar (Sati-Tirtha) and Chand Sadagar's house.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chowdhuri |first1=Jagyeswar |title=Bardhaman Itihas O Sanskriti Vol.3 |date=1994 |publisher=Pustak Bipani |location=Calcutta |page=239 |edition=1994}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Hansanarayan |author-link=Hansanarayan Bhattacharya |title=Paschimbanga Darshan-4 Bardhishnu Bardhaman |date=1998 |publisher=Farma K. L. M. Private Limited |location=Calcutta |page=263 |edition=1998}}</ref> Another place in [[Bengal]], associated with the bridal chamber of Behula and lakshindar is [[Gokul Medh]] in present-day [[Bogra district]], Bangladesh. The high mound of Bogura is popularly known in local [[folklore of Bangladesh|Bengali folklore]] as the Basarghar (bridal chamber) of Behula.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gokul Medh - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Gokul_Medh |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=en.banglapedia.org |language=en}}</ref>

Sundarban Tiger Reserve of West Bengal, is associated as the place where Neti, foster mother of Ma Manasha, lived and worked as a washerwoman. A temple at [[Howrah]], a [[Kolkata]] neighborhood, is believed to have been built by Chand Sadagar.

Between the citadel and the eastern embankment at [[Gaur, West Bengal|Gaur]], a ruined structure, is claimed to be the house of Chand Sadagar.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ray |first=Aniruddha |year=2012 |chapter=Gaur, City |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Gaur,_City |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
* In 1927, [[Manmatha Roy]] wrote the mythological Bengali play ''Chand Saudagar'', portraying the title character.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Roy,_Manmatha |title=Roy, Manmatha |accessdate=2007-12-12 |last=Ahsan |first=Nazmul |work=Banglapedia |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}}</ref>
* In 1934, Prafulla Roy directed a Bengali film ''Chand Saudagar'' in which [[Dhiraj Bhattacharya]] played the role of Lakshmindara, Ahindra Choudhury that of Chand Sadagar, Devbala of Manasa, Sefalika Devi of Behula, Jahar Ganguli of Kalu Sardar, Indubala of a singer, Niharbala of Neta Dhobani, Padmabati of Sanaka and Usharani of Amala. It was written by Manmatha Roy. Film editing was by Akhil Neogi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citwf.com/film57950.htm |title=Chand Saudagar |accessdate=2007-12-12 |publisher=citwf.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208163143/http://www.citwf.com/film57950.htm |archive-date=2012-02-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* In 2010, [[STAR Jalsha]] created a Bengali serial "Behula", based on Chand Sadagar's daughter in law.
* [[Amitav Ghosh]]'s novel ''Gun Island'' deals with Chand Sadagar.
* 2022 Bangladeshi film ''[[Hawa (2022 Bangladeshi film)|Hawa]]'' is loosely based on this myth.

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Bengali folklore]]
[[Category:Assamese folklore]]
[[Category:Legendary Asian people]]

Nanobba Kalla

2026-05-06T18:44:59Z

Roshni: Started

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nanobba Kalla
| image = Nanobba Kalla.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Dorai–Bhagavan]]
| producer = [[S. Ramanathan (film director)|S. Ramanathan]] [[Shivaram]]
| story = [[Chi. Udayashankar]] M. D. Sundar
| screenplay = Chi. Udayashankar M. D. Sundar
| narrator =
| starring = [[Dr. Rajkumar]] [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]]
| music = [[Rajan–Nagendra]]
| cinematography = Chittibabu
| editing = P. Bhaktavatsalam
| studio = Rashi Brothers
| released = {{Film date|1979|11|29|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Nanobba Kalla''''' ({{audio|Kn-ನಾನೊಬ್ಬ ಕಳ್ಳ.ogg|pronunciation}} {{translation|I am a thief}}) is a 1979 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[Dorai–Bhagavan]] and produced by [[Shivaram]] and [[S. Ramanathan (film director)|S. Ramanathan]] under Rashi Brothers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2014-08-08/Dr-Rajkumars-Nanobba-Kalla-movie-review/104355|title=Dr Rajkumar's Nanobba Kalla movie review|date=8 August 2014|work=[[The Hans India]]|access-date=15 June 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181203153340/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2014-08-08/Dr-Rajkumars-Nanobba-Kalla-movie-review/104355|archive-date=3 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The film stars [[Dr. Rajkumar]] in dual role and himself in a scene. The music was composed by [[Rajan–Nagendra]], while cinematography and editing were handled by Chittibabu and P. Bhaktavatsalam.

''Nanobba Kalla'' was released on 29 November 1979 to positive reviews from critics and became a commercial success at the box office.

== Plot ==
Gopi, the son of [[Deputy commissioner of police (India)|DCP]] Chandrashekhar and Savitri, gets separated from his parents and grows up to become a criminal. When Gopi finds his parents and tries to return to them, Chandrashekhar refuses to accept him and Rukmini as his son and daughter in law, due to him being a criminal.

To make matters worse for Savitri, Chandrashekhar is determined to get Gopi dead or alive. Savitri dies of shock. At her funeral, Gopi tries to escape and his father kills him by firing a single bullet at his spine.

==Cast==
* [[Dr. Rajkumar]] as [[Deputy commissioner of police (India)|DCP]] Chandrashekhar
** Gopi, Chandrashekhar's son, a criminal
** As himself in a programme
* [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Rukmini
* [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] as Savitri
* [[Thoogudeepa Srinivas]] as Joginder
* [[Tiger Prabhakar]] as Chandru
* [[Shivaram]]
* [[Dheerendra Gopal]] as Satish
* [[Vajramuni]]
* [[Rajanand]] as Rajan
* [[Shakti Prasad]] as Shankarappa

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Rajan–Nagendra]], with lyrics written by [[Chi. Udayashankar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Naanobba Kalla - EP |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/naanobba-kalla-ep/1531089810 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231129055445/https://music.apple.com/us/album/naanobba-kalla-ep/1531089810 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |accessdate=29 November 2023 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>

{{tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 18:20
| title1 = Araluthide Moha
| extra1 = [[Dr. Rajkumar]] [[S. Janaki]]
| length1 = 4:24
| title2 = Kopavethake
| extra2 = Dr. Rajkumar
| length2 = 4:57
| title3 = Aaseyu Kaigoodithu
| extra3 = Dr. Rajkumar S. Janaki
| length3 = 4:43
| title4 = Naanobba Kallanu
| extra4 = Dr. Rajkumar
| length4 = 4:16
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1418195|Nanobba Kalla}}
{{Dorai–Bhagavan}}
[[Category:1979 films]]
[[Category:1979 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1979 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rajan–Nagendra]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Chi. Udayashankar]]
[[Category:1979 action films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Dorai–Bhagavan]]

Gunadala Matha Shrine

2026-05-01T09:42:08Z

Roshni: created pg...

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox church
| name = Gunadala Matha Shrine
| other name = Our Lady of Lourdes, Mary Matha Church
| image = St Mary's Church Gunadala.jpg
| caption = Mary Matha Church at the base of the hill (2013)
| coordinates = {{coord|16.52074|80.65956|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN-AP|display=inline,title}}
| location = Gunadala, [[Vijayawada]]
| country = [[India]]
| denomination = [[Roman Catholic]]
| website = https://gunadalamathaofficial.com/
| founded date = 1924<ref>{{cite web |last1=Srinivas |first1=Rajulapudi |title=Gunadala Mary Matha Shrine's centenary celebrations to be a six-month long affair |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/gunadala-mary-matha-shrines-centenary-celebrations-to-be-a-six-month-long-affair/article67285120.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=8 September 2023}}</ref>
| founder = Rf. Arlati (Rector of St. Joseph's Orphanage, Gunadala)
| consecrated date = 1971
| events = ''Gunadala Matha Festival'', ''Feast for Our Lady of Lourdes''
| status = [[Church (building)|Church]]
| diocese = [[Diocese of Vijayawada]]
| bishop = Thelegathoti Joseph Raja Rao<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gunadala Mary Matha fete off on a grand note in Vijayawada |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/030223/devout-throng-first-days-prayers-at-gunadala-church.html}}</ref>
| rector = William Jayaraju
| vicar = Gabriel Mesapam
}}

'''Gunadala Matha Shrine''' (also: ''[[Our Lady of Lourdes]]'' or ''Mary Matha Church''),<ref name=aptdc>{{cite web|title=St. Mary's Church|url=http://www.aptdc.gov.in/vijayawada-2.html|publisher=aptdc.gov.in|accessdate=8 December 2013|archive-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213070955/http://www.aptdc.gov.in/vijayawada-2.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> located in the city of [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]],<ref name="church">{{cite news|title=Gunadala Mary Matha church|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Life-Style/2014-11-02/Gunadala-Mary-Matha-church/114298|accessdate=15 May 2017|work=The Hans India|date=2 November 2014|language=en}}</ref> is a renowned Catholic pilgrimage site<ref name="hindu">{{cite web|title=Thousands have darshan of Gunadala Mary Matha|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/thousands-have-darshan-of-gunadala-mary-matha/article2885650.ece|publisher=thehindu.com|accessdate=8 December 2013}}</ref> attracting approximately 10 lakh devotees during its annual festival. The site features a church, a grotto, and the stations of the Cross along the hill leading to the 18-foot-high holy cross erected at the hill's summit. It is considered the second biggest site dedicated to [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Saint Mary, mother of Jesus]] after the [[Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health]] at [[Velankanni]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gunadala Mary Matha fete off on a grand note in Vijayawada |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2023/feb/10/gunadala-mary-matha-fete-off-on-a-grand-note-in-vijayawada-2546148.html |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Situated amidst a cluster of hillocks, Gunadala stands as the tallest hillock in the city, offering a unique topographical feature within the otherwise flat terrain. Roughly one-third of the hill's slopes are occupied by dwellings, distinguishing it from other smaller hills like [[Gandhi Hill, Vijayawada|Gandhi Hill]] and [[Kanaka Durga Temple|Indrakeeladri]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-23 |title=Gunadala, a place steeped in history |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/gunadala-a-place-steeped-in-history/article5492347.ece |access-date=2023-09-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Annual festival ==
The Gunadala Mary Matha festival takes place on February 9, 10 and 11 each year, becoming a significant event as devotees come not only from all corners of the state but from the neighboring [[Telangana]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Karnataka]] states during the festival. The festival commences at Padavala Revu, formerly a bustling wharf for boats traveling to [[Machilipatnam]], and stretches along Eluru Road to the [[Ramavarappadu Junction]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boda |first=Tharun |date=2023-02-07 |title=Stage set for three-day Gunadala Mary Matha festival from February 9 in Vijayawada |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/stage-set-for-three-day-gunadala-mary-matha-festival-from-february-9-in-vijayawada/article66482036.ece |access-date=2023-09-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

During the festival, pilgrims visit the Mary Matha Church at the base of the hill and ascend on foot to pay their respects to the statue of Our Lady of Lourdes consecrated in 1925 within a grotto midway up the hill. Additionally, devotees offer prayers at the 18-foot-high holy cross erected at the hill's summit.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-09 |title=Gunadala Mary Matha festival begins in Vijayawada |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/gunadala-mary-matha-festival-begins-in-vijayawada/article66489316.ece |access-date=2023-09-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The festival will also feature prayers and cultural programs at the nearby Bishop Grassi High School ground.

Many people come here to offer their hair as a symbol of their faith. They also break coconuts at the shrine. In addition to Christians, a significant number of individuals from various religious backgrounds also visit this location, believed to possess healing properties. Numerous worshippers attend the festival with their infants, seeking blessings from the Mother.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-02-09 |title=Grand start to Gunadala Mary Matha fete |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/grand-start-to-gunadala-mary-matha-fete/article6877333.ece |access-date=2023-09-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== History ==
The development of Gunadala, particularly the Mary Matha Shrine, is credited to the efforts of Catholic priest Huges Pezzoni. Starting with the establishment of an orphanage, Fr. Pezzoni laid the foundation for several Catholic institutions in Gunadala. According to the history chronicled by Fr. John Leoncini of the Vijayawada Catholic Diocese, Fr. Pezzoni acquired a 25-acre area through donations and purchases in 1923. The first manager of Gunadala Catholic Institutions, Fr. P Arlati, overcame numerous challenges to clear the land.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivas |first=Rajulapudi |date=2017-02-07 |title=Gunadala shrine to be developed on a par with Velankanni church |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Gunadala-shrine-to-be-developed-on-a-par-with-Velankanni-church/article17243578.ece |access-date=2023-09-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On June 24, 1924, the St. Joseph's orphanage was officially inaugurated, and Fr. Arlati installed a small statue of Our Lady of Lourdes (Mother Mary) in a natural grotto on the slopes of Gunadala hill the same year. In 1937, the Diocesan festival started. During that year, Fr .Arlati put a new statue in the Grotto, which is in the middle of the hill. This marked the beginning of the celebration of the feast of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was moved to September 8 every year. They also built an altar in front of the niche for [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Masses]] on various occasions.

To improve accessibility, they widened the pathway, deepened the Grotto, and leveled the ground in front of it. Despite the challenges, dedicated individuals like Monsignor A. Bianchi, the Vicar General, Reverend Brother Bertoli, and Reverend Brother Cripp worked tirelessly and patiently to complete these renovations. In 1947, after Monsignor Bianchi returned to Italy, Brother Bertoli continued the work. Due to issues caused by September rains for pilgrims, the feast of Our Lady of Lourdes was moved to February 11.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gunadalamatha Shrine |url=https://vijayawadadiocese.org/gunadalamatha-shrine/ |access-date=2023-09-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Subsequently, a church was constructed and consecrated in 1971, establishing the Feast of Our Lady of Lourdes as an annual event since then.<ref>{{Cite web |last=jangir |first=suresh |date=2014-11-02 |title=Gunadala Mary Matha church |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Travel/2014-11-02/Gunadala-Mary-Matha-church/114298 |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vijayawada topics}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Churches in Andhra Pradesh]]

Gayathri Prabhu

2026-04-29T04:38:23Z

Roshni: created entry

{{Short description|Indian writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Gayathri Prabhu
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| genre = Novel, Memoir
| subject = Fiction
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'''Gayathri Prabhu''' (born 1974) is an Indian novelist and scholar who currently lives in [[Manipal]], Karnataka. Her recent fictional work consists of the novella ''Love in Seven Easy Steps'' (2021), preceded by ''Vetaal and Vikram: Riddles of the Undead'', published by HarperCollins in 2019. Prabhu's recent academic work is a monograph titled ''A Genre of Her Own'' (2025).<ref>https://gayathriprabhu.com/books/</ref>

==Education and academic career==
Prabhu holds an MA degree in Mass Communication from Mass Communication Research Centre, [[Jamia Millia Islamia]], [[New Delhi]], an MPhil in Creative Writing from [[Swansea University]] in the United Kingdom and a PhD in English from the [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln]] in the United States.<ref>url=https://www.unl.edu/english/alumni/gayathri-prabhu</ref> She has published on literary studies and presently teaches at the Manipal Centre for Humanities, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE).<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://manipal.edu/mit/programs/program-list/btech.html|title=B Tech - Engineering - B Tech Admissions 2019 - BTech Entrance Exam- MIT, MAHE (formerly Manipal University)|via=manipal.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unl.edu/english/awards|title=Awards & Honors, Department of English, University of Nebraska–Lincoln|website=www.unl.edu|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-date=14 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414105557/https://www.unl.edu/english/awards|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Prabhu was the Dr TMA Pai Chair in Indian Literature at the Manipal Academy of Higher Education for 2017–2019.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://litchairmanipal.wordpress.com/|title=Dr TMA Pai Chair in Indian Literature|website=Dr TMA Pai Chair in Indian Literature}}</ref>

Prabhu is engaged in mental health advocacy work at her university and is the Coordinator of the Student Support Centre (SSC),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ssc.manipal.edu/team.aspx|title=SSC, MU|website=ssc.manipal.edu|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213112143/https://ssc.manipal.edu/team.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> a pioneering psychotherapy venture designed exclusively for students. The SSC, featured in The Hindu,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/mahesh-rao-writes-about-an-indian-university-showing-the-way-forward-in-tackling-mental-illness/article23453277.ece|title=How an Indian university shows the way forward in tackling mental illness|first=Mahesh|last=Rao|newspaper=The Hindu|date=7 April 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> is the first-of-its kind in India for university students at MAHE, aimed at creating a safe space with confidentiality and free psychotherapeutic supports.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://themitpost.com/the-student-support-centre/|title=Quarter No. 125: Sitting Down With the Student Support Centre Team|date=19 February 2018|access-date=21 January 2021|archive-date=18 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218075638/https://themitpost.com/the-student-support-centre/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/blogs/what-do-student-mental-health-services-look-around-world|title=What do student mental health services look like around the world?|date=10 October 2017|website=Student}}</ref>

==Fiction==
Gayathri Prabhu is the author of four novels ''Vetaal and Vikram: Riddles of the Undead'' (HarperCollins, 2019), ''The Untitled'' (Fourth Estate, HarperCollins, 2016), ''Birdswim Fishfly'' ([[Rupa Publications]], 2006), and ''Maya'' (Indialog Publications, 2003). Her latest novella titled ''Love in Seven Easy Steps'' was released on February 18, 2021. It is a promising work of prose poetry "that celebrates the ways in which love charms, defies and lingers in us."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://magicmongrelpublishers.com/love-in-seven-easy-steps/|title=Love in Seven Easy Steps|website=Magic Mongrel Publishers}}</ref> ''Love in Seven Easy Steps'' is the first book to be released by an independent publishing house, Magic Mongrel Publishers, which specializes in unconventional narratives in literary fiction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://magicmongrelpublishers.com/about-us/|title=About us|website=Magic Mongrel Publishers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gayathriprabhu.com/love-in-seven-easy-steps/|title=Love in Seven Easy Steps|date=16 January 2021}}</ref> Prabhu's articles in Scroll magazine reflect on how typing out ideas on her phone changed the form of this novella,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/986641/the-true-story-of-how-my-mobile-phone-turned-my-novel-into-a-love-story-in-prose-poetry|title=The true story of how my mobile phone turned my novel into a love story in prose poetry|first=Gayathri|last=Prabhu|website=Scroll.in|date=13 February 2021 }}</ref> thinking about the process of writing, and on what it means to write of love in a time of global and national turbulence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/949557/why-write-of-love-in-a-time-of-strife-such-as-this-asks-a-writer-and-answers-her-question|title=Why write of love in a time of strife such as this, asks a writer, and answers her question|first=Gayathri|last=Prabhu|website=Scroll.in|date=12 January 2020 }}</ref>

A playful retelling of India's most celebrated cycle of stories, ''Vetaal and Vikram'' was published by HarperCollins India in October 2019.<ref name="harpercollins.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.harpercollins.com/products/vetaal-and-vikram-riddles-of-the-undead-gayathri-prabhu|title=Vetaal and Vikram: Riddles of the Undead|website=HarperCollins}}</ref> The narrative of King Vikram and the Vetaal is originally found in the [[Kathasaritsagara]], an eleventh-century Sanskrit text.<ref name="harpercollins.com"/> The Vetaal is neither alive nor dead, but a consummate storyteller who enthralls his listener, King Vikram. King Vikram can neither speak nor remain silent, according to the conditions set by Vetaal in this narrative cycle.
In 1870, eleven of the Vetaal's stories were adapted to English by the famed scholar-explorer [[Richard Francis Burton]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2400/2400-h/2400-h.htm|title=Vikram and the Vampire, by Sir Richard F. Burton|website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924024159760|title=Vikram and the vampire, or, Tales of Hindu devilry|first1=Richard Francis|last1=Burton|first2=Isabel|last2=Burton|date=9 March 1893|publisher=London : Tylston and Edwards|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref name="harpercollins.com"/> Prabhu's ''Vetaal and Vikram'' is a contemporary, inventive work that plays with form while including Burton within its storytelling folds. It challenges the narrative possibilities of a retelling, implicating the reader within the text. Widely read and reviewed, ''Vetaal and Vikram'' balances the nostalgic with the present, promising something new and challenging for every reader.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/author-gayathri-prabhu-vetaal-vikram-book/|title=To Write Means To Be Vulnerable: Author Gayathri Prabhu - SheThePeople TV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/942807/what-might-the-vetaal-and-vikram-stories-look-like-in-the-21st-century|title=What might the Vetaal and Vikram stories look like in the 21st century?|first=Gayathri|last=Prabhu|website=Scroll.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gayathriprabhu.com/vetaal-and-vikram-riddles-of-the-undead/|title=Vetaal and Vikram: Riddles of the Undead|date=3 October 2019}}</ref>

''The Untitled'', published in 2016 by Fourth Estate, HarperCollins India, was researched and written over a decade and across three continents.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gayathriprabhu.com/the-untitled/|title=the untitled|date=6 October 2017}}</ref> It is a novel about the coming together of Indian and Western painting traditions, against the background of the dramatic war of 1799, when the British defeated [[Tipu Sultan]], and finally established unchallenged supremacy in the Indian sub-continent. The Wire described ''The Untitled'' as an imaginative break from the themes that have animated historical fiction in India for over a century now, namely "the temptation to be intimate with the monumental."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/110346/gayathri-prabhu-tipu-historical-fiction/|title=In The Untitled, Gayathri Prabhu Magnifies the Miniature|first=Prashant|last=Keshavmurthy|website=thewire.in}}</ref> [[HuffPost|The Huffington Post]] review called the prose "supple and sublime"<ref name="huffingtonpost.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/yash-raj-goswami/gayathri-prabhus-the-untitled-is-an-artful-take-on-tipu-sulta_a_21720820/|title=Gayathri Prabhu's 'The Untitled' Is An Artful Take On Tipu Sultan's Reign|date=24 February 2017}}</ref> and termed the novel as "an allegory of how art and politics cannot remain insulated from one another."<ref name="huffingtonpost.in"/> The Times Lit Fest in December, 2016 had a session devoted to the novel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/litfest_delhi_2016.cms|title=Delhi Literature Festival 2016 Schedule, Speakers & Directors, News, Videos & Photogallery - The Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/events/170383103428849/?acontext=%7B%22ref%22:%223%22,%22ref_newsfeed_story_type%22:%22regular%22,%22action_history%22:%22null%22%7D|title=The Untitled in the Delhi Literature Festival 2016|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> ''The Untitled'' has also been featured in [[The Times of India]], The Hindu, The Telegraph, The Tribune, Sakal Times, and the [[Deccan Herald]].
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31806&articlexml=SHELF-ESTEEM-I-need-to-read-more-books-08102016010014&Mode=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330070334/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31806&articlexml=SHELF-ESTEEM-I-need-to-read-more-books-08102016010014&Mode=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 March 2019|title=The Times Group|website=epaperbeta.timesofindia.com}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/GayathriPrabhuu/photos/a.760552164047333.1073741827.760539764048573/803424283093454/?type=3&theater|title=Gayathri Prabhu|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/literary-review/Unlearnt-history-lessons/article16072232.ece|title=Unlearnt history lessons|newspaper=The Hindu|date=15 October 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
<ref>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170127/jsp/opinion/story_132503.jsp&grqid=fJNe-xtJ&hl=en-IN]{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/GayathriPrabhuu/photos/a.760552164047333.1073741827.760539764048573/803423906426825/?type=3&theater|title=Gayathri Prabhu|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>

The whimsical and inventive novel ''Birdswim Fishfly'' (published in 2006) was an exploration of adolescence, family secrets, and the quickening of the artistic temperament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gayathriprabhu.com/birdswim-fishfly/|title=birdswim fishfly|date=6 October 2017}}</ref> Prabhu's first novel, ''Maya'', published in 2003, was set in the Konkan region and drew from local and family lore as they emerged in the consciousness of a young, questioning girl.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gayathriprabhu.com/maya/|title=maya|date=6 October 2017}}</ref> The novel was described by the Deccan Herald as “a grippingly haunting tale.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct26/book3.asp|title=News|website=archive.deccanherald.com|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023011103/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct26/book3.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Memoir==
Prabhu's lyrical memoir ''If I Had to Tell It Again'', published by HarperCollins, was released in November 2017. It is written in the aftermath of a father's death, and published in the WHO's international year-long campaign on depression. The book opens the silence in Indian families around chronic sadness and addiction, and seeks to move the discourse beyond blame, guilt, and the rhetoric of family honour.
<ref name="gayathriprabhu1">{{cite web|url=https://gayathriprabhu.com/if-i-had-to-tell-it-again-2/|title=if i had to tell it again: a memoir|date=6 October 2017}}</ref>

''If I Had to Tell It Again'' received several positive reviews in the months following its publication. Writer, editor, and columnist, Krupa Ge writes in First Post: “Gayathri’s sparkling prose is light, as it meanders artfully conveying memories heavy, laden with emotions”.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/gayathri-prabhus-if-i-had-to-tell-it-again-narrates-a-story-of-extraordinary-suffering-and-love-4288753.html|title=Gayathri Prabhu's If I Had To Tell It Again narrates a story of extraordinary suffering and love|last=January 7, 2018|website=Firstpost|date=5 January 2018}}</ref> Poet Arundhathi Subramaniam praises ''If I Had to Tell it Again'' “for its mix of candour, poise and urgency in a fiercely loving portrait of a parent” while choosing it among her best reads of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/863196/expect-the-unexpected-a-reading-list-from-the-year-gone-by-from-poets|title=Expect the unexpected: Indian poets list their best reads from the year gone by|first=Urvashi|last=Bahuguna|website=Scroll.in|date=30 December 2017 }}</ref> Professor of English at Ashoka University, Madhavi Menon describes the memoir as a “daring and brave challenge to our preconceptions both about writing and about depression” in her review titled “Real Fathers in All Their Frailty”, featured in The Wire.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/if-i-had-to-tell-it-again-gayathri-prabhu|title=Real Fathers in All Their Frailty|website=The Wire}}</ref> [[Urvashi Bahuguna]] in ''The Scroll'' calls it “a book unlike any other we have seen in India.”<ref name="scroll.in">{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/865658/when-you-write-about-a-dead-person-you-loved-you-must-tell-their-version-too|title='When you write about a dead person you loved, you must tell their version too'|first=Urvashi|last=Bahuguna|website=Scroll.in|date=20 January 2018 }}</ref> The memoir has also been reviewed in The Shrinking Couch,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theshrinkingcouch.com/if-i-had-to-tell-it-again-re-viewing-a-life/|title="If I had to tell it again": Re-viewing a life [A Book Review] - The Shrinking Couch|website=theshrinkingcouch.com}}</ref> the ''Indian Journal of Medical Ethics'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ijme.in/articles/love-remember-and-write-against-all-odds/?galley=html |title=Love, remember, and write against all odds | Indian Journal of Medical Ethics |publisher=Ijme.in |access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref> [[The Indian Express]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/shelf-life-dark-days-5057895/|title=Shelf life: Dark Days|date=10 February 2018}}</ref> [[The News Minute]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/if-i-had-tell-it-again-review-memoir-difficult-relationships-and-depression-83106 |title='If I Had to Tell It Again' review: A memoir of difficult relationships and depression |publisher=The News Minute |date=2018-06-15 |access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref> Research and Humanities in Medical Education,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rhime.in/ojs/index.php/rhime|title=Research & Humanities in Medical Education|website=www.rhime.in}}</ref> apart from reviews by independent bloggers,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebookishbulletin.wordpress.com/2017/12/25/in-if-i-had-to-tell-it-again-author-gayathri-prabhu-takes-language-where-it-hesitates-to-go/|title=In "If I had to Tell it Again," author Gayathri Prabhu takes Language where it Hesitates to go|date=25 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://calamur.org/gargi/2017/12/25/book-review-if-i-had-to-tell-it-again/|title=Book Review : If I had to tell it again|date=25 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stutiashokgupta.com/2018/01/18/book-review-gayathri-prabhu-if-i-had-to-tell-it-again/|title=Review - Gayathri Prabhu: If I Had To Tell It Again|date=18 January 2018}}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://monicakamath.blogspot.com/2017/12/memorabilia-this-winter-season.html|title=Blank verse: Memorabilia, this winter season|first=Monica Murali|last=Kamath|date=10 December 2017}}</ref><ref>http://theinkspiller.com/tell-gayathri-prabhu/<https://duskymoonlight.wordpress.com/2017/12/11/is-empathy-too-much-to-ask-for-my-thoughts-on-if-i-had-to-tell-it-again-by-gayathri-prabhu/hri-prabhu/{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and responses from artists in the form of illustrations.<ref name="gayathriprabhu1"/> Interviews with Gayathri Prabhu about her memoir, the motivations and the journey of writing, were featured in The Scroll, as well as in the [[Deccan Chronicle]] and Asian Age in January 2018.<ref name="scroll.in"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/books-and-art/190118/a-grieving-space.html|title=A grieving space|last=cris|date=19 January 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

Prabhu, who has regularly taught a course in Medical Humanities in the Manipal Centre for Humanities, has moved the conversation about mental health, stigma, and silence beyond the classroom, in a piece co-written as a dialogue with a student, Michael Varghese. Published in Scroll in July 2018, the collaborative conversational writing project is about the evening that Michael attempted to end his life, and revisits the transforming experience that followed through conversations with his teacher, Gayathri.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/886391/he-tried-to-kill-himself-she-found-out-they-talked-a-dialogue-between-an-artist-and-a-writer|title=He tried to kill himself. She found out. They talked: A dialogue between an artist and a writer|first=Michael Varghese & Gayathri|last=Prabhu|website=Scroll.in|date=14 July 2018 }}</ref>
Prabhu's recent piece in the ''[[Indian Journal of Medical Ethics]]'' reflects on “the power of narratives to simultaneously navigate advocacy, teaching, learning, writing and scholarship”, in an article that draws from Prabhu's experience of designing and teaching a medical humanities course in an Indian classroom of literature students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ijme.in/articles/medical-themes-in-a-literature-classroom-an-alternate-perspective-on-medical-humanities-pedagogy-in-india/?galley=html|title=Medical themes in a literature classroom: An alternate perspective on Medical Humanities pedagogy in India}}</ref>
A reflective piece about the reception of the memoir was written by Prabhu and published in ''The Economic and Political Weekly'' in Sep 2018,<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2018/35/postscript/why-remember-why-tell.html|title=Why Remember, Why Tell?|date=5 June 2015|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=53|issue=35|pages=7–8|via=www.epw.in}}</ref> about the challenges of the memoir genre in India, the experience of disclosing sexual abuse in/ to the family, and the author's take on why a public telling matters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gayathriprabhudotcom.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/postscript-epw.pdf |title=Info |website=gayathriprabhudotcom.files.wordpress.com }}</ref>
In November 2025, Prabhu became a member of the editorial board of BMJ's journal ''Medical Humanities''<ref>https://mh.bmj.com/pages/editorial-board</ref>.

==Scholarly works==

In 2025, Gayathri Prabhu published ''A Genre of Her Own: Life Narratives and Feminist Literary Beginnings in Modern India'', a pivotal work that explores the forms and aesthetics of early instances of women's writing, revealing a constellation of writings that are central to understanding modern India's early literary landscape. Prabhu examines the intentional and introspective elements of a variety of genres in which women writers were experimenting with the first-person voice, such as pamphlets, letters, travelogues, essays, autobiographies, and novels.<ref name="bloomsbury.com">https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/genre-of-her-own-9789356409248/</ref> The title pays homage to Virginia Woolf's essay, ''A Room of One's Own'' (1929), as a way of honouring the many intonations of narrative form that Prabhu explores in her work. The texts examined in ''A Genre'' include: "Savitribai Phule's ''Kavya Phule'' (1854), Tarabai Shinde's ''Stri-Purush Tulana'' (1882), Anandibai Joshee's letters (1883 - 1884), Rukhmabai's "Reply" (1887), Krupabai Satthianadhan's ''Saguna'' (1888), Rashsundari Debi's ''Amar Jiban'' (1897), Swarnakumari Debi Ghosal's ''Kahake'' (1898), Dosebai Cowasjee Jessawalla's ''The Story of My Life'' (1911), Binodini Dasi's ''Amar Katha'' (1912), and Atiya Fyzee's ''Zamana-i-Tahsil'' (1921)."<ref>https://www.amazon.in/Genre-Her-Own-Narratives-Beginnings/dp/935640822X/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2TFT3FS30TNRZ&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.N9YC2TDB-8jfPPt9s-PQU1X7Gr7_REqczkuAiFpkicyGhMFlnzcXWe5b07pnRTaL8ZPyUGTiCDt2EKk2TdBa1-zMfRM_-R3qGpvN72gEsmvnkoeCvQbzdkwKCd-MIMjqBjUxnrlRmDTGw8vJfluJnpihKsUOOgU1gLBXt3X9E9Y.USr0VIq9tsStxSYFx_HKcslQEJ1ckWbtly4dNbJKzxo&dib_tag=se&keywords=a+genre+of+her+own&qid=1754356215&sprefix=a+genre+of+her%2Caps%2C186&sr=8-1</ref> An excerpt in ''The Scroll'' sheds light on the alternative history that Prabhu reveals in her work: "For the first time, both personae – I am a writer and I am a woman – were being claimed in the Indian public sphere in a manner that was desirable and exciting, in that it had almost no precedence."<ref>https://scroll.in/article/1083806/this-book-is-an-alternative-account-of-literary-beginnings-in-modern-india-through-womens-writings</ref> Other excerpts have been featured in ''The Wire''.<ref>https://thewire.in/books/commitment-to-justice-was-the-preeminent-note-in-savitribai-phules-poetry</ref> ''A Genre of Her Own'' illuminates a variety of narrative motifs that "encompass marriage and motherhood, domestic labour and caretaking, romance and sexuality, public service and intellectual prowess, religious quests and scrambles for livelihood, illness and aging."<ref name="bloomsbury.com"/> Uncovering a history and an aesthetics of ingenuity that has been unstudied so far, ''A Genre of Her Own'' is a defining contribution to the study of women's writing and the imagination of India's literary history.

In 2020, scholars Gayathri Prabhu and Nikhil Govind co-published ''Shadow Craft: Visual Aesthetics of Black and White Hindi Cinema'' through Bloomsbury India. With seventy five rare and curated images from the archives, ''Shadow Craft'' offers for the first time a consolidated and intimate journey through the pioneering black and white cinema aesthetic of Hindi mainstream cinema from the years between Indian independence (1947) and the dominance of colour cinema (early 1960s), at its most expressive and climactic moment.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8E0FEAAAQBAJ|title=Shadow Craft: Visual Aesthetics of Black and White Hindi Cinema|first1=Gayathri|last1=Prabhu|first2=Nikhil|last2=Govind|date=18 October 2020|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9789390176267|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Books-Nikhil-Govind/s?rh=n:976389031,p_27:Nikhil+Govind|title=Amazon.in|website=www.amazon.in}}</ref> Bloomsbury Publishing describes the work as an "ardent and immersive study of cinematic craftings that emblematize the oeuvres of Kamal Amrohi, Raj Kapoor, Nutan, Bimal Roy, Guru Dutt, and Abrar Alvi. Films such as ''Aag'' (1948), ''Mahal'' (1949), ''Seema'' (1955), ''Pyaasa'' (1957), ''Sujata'' (1959), ''Kagaz Ke Phool'' (1959), ''Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam'' (1962), ''Bandini'' (1963) remain formative to the visual psyche of generations of South Asian viewers."<ref name="auto"/> A review of ''Shadow Craft'' comments on the evocative images in the text from the archives, stating that the text takes on the challenge of verbalizing the visual to pull readers back into the frame of the films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2020/11/book-review-shadow-craft/|title=Book Review: Shadow Craft: Visual Aesthetics of Black and White Hindi Cinema (2020) by Gayathri Prabhu and Nikhil Govind|date=5 November 2020}}</ref> The visual language studied in ''Shadow Craft'' demonstrates a minutely attuned and sympathetic camera, evocative pools of shadow, affect-rich atmospheric composition, and the visual autonomy of performance.<ref name="auto"/>

==Awards and recognition==

Prabhu won the Vreeland Award at the [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln]] for best creative manuscript in 2011.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} Less than a year after the publication of 'If I Had to Tell it Again', the memoir was longlisted under the category of Best Non Fiction (English) in the Atta Galatta Bangalore Literature Festival in September 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/HarperCollinsIN/photos/a.208564659189223/1940835639295441/?type=3&theater|title=Facebook|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> Prabhu was shortlisted as one of the five authors for the Sushila Devi Literature Award For 'The Best Book Of Fiction Written By A Woman Author', in English and published in 2016 or 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/features/shortlist-for-sushila-devi-literature-award-announced-330279|title=Shortlist for Sushila Devi Literature Award announced|date=4 December 2018|website=www.millenniumpost.in}}</ref>

For her work in the literary field, Prabhu won the R.K. Narayan Award for Best Writer in English in 2019 from the Booksellers and Publishers Association of South India (BAPASI) at the inauguration of the 2019 Chennai Book Fair, handed by the CM of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bapasi.com/events-2019/|title = நிகழ்ச்சிகள்-2019 – Chennai Book Fair 2022 – Nandanam YMCA, Chennai – Jan 06 – Jan 23, 11am – 8 pm}}</ref>

Prabhu is a winner of the prestigious Charles Wallace Writer's Fellowship (2020), which she held at the University of Stirling. She published a reflection piece on writing in the pandemic in quarantine titled "The writer and her windows", upon her return to India after the fellowship.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.charleswallaceindiatrust.com/latest/gayathri-prabhu|title=Gayathri Prabhu, CWIT Writing Fellow at the University of Stirling reflects on the pandemic.|website=Charles Wallace India Trust|date=July 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asiaville.in/article/the-writer-and-her-windows-58074|title=The writer and her windows|website=Asiaville}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|www.gayathriprabhu.com}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prabhu, Gayathri}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women writers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of Swansea University]]
[[Category:University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni]]
[[Category:People from Udupi district]]
[[Category:Manipal Academy of Higher Education alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Novelists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women novelists]]

Battle of Baddowal

2026-04-27T06:05:10Z

Roshni: adding new stub...

{{Short description|1846 engagement of the First Anglo-Sikh war}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict = Battle of Baddowal
|partof = the [[First Anglo-Sikh war]]
|image = Siege of the fort at Baduwal (Baddowal Fort) in Ludhiana. Lithograph after an original sketch by Prince Waldemar of Prussia and published in 'In Memory of the Travels of Prince Waldemar of Prussia to India 1844-1846' (Vol.II) (cropped).jpg
|caption = An illustration of the British fort at Baddowal during the First Anglo-Sikh war
|date = 21 January 1846
|place = Near [[Baddowal]], [[Punjab]]
|result = See ''[[#Aftermath|Aftermath]]''
|combatant1 = [[File:Sikh Empire flag.jpg|25px]] [[Sikh Empire]]
|combatant2 = {{flagcountry|UKGBI}} {{flagcountry|East India Company}}
|commander1 = [[File:Sikh Empire flag.jpg|25px]] [[Ranjodh Singh Majithia]]
|commander2 = {{flagd|UKGBI}} [[Sir Harry Smith, 1st Baronet|Harry Smith]]
|strength1 = ~10,000
|strength2 = ~12,000
|casualties1 = Unknown
|casualties2 = 66 killed 68 wounded 77 captured
|campaignbox = {{Campaignbox First Anglo-Sikh War}}
}}

The '''battle of Baddowal''' was an engagement between the [[Sikh Khalsa Army]] and [[British Empire|British]] forces which occurred on 21 January 1846 during the [[First Anglo-Sikh war]]. After the Khalsa Army was defeated at the battles of [[Battle of Mudki|Mudki]] and [[Battle of Ferozeshah|Ferozeshah]], [[Ranjodh Singh Majithia]] led a large Sikh army to attack the British [[cantonment]] at [[Ludhiana]]. [[Sir Harry Smith, 1st Baronet|Harry Smith]] led a column of troops to intercept them, and both armies met at [[Baddowal]] but did not engage. Smith's column marched to Ludhiana having suffered several casualties from Sikh artillery and cavalry attacks.

==Background==
[[File:Ranjodh Singh Majithia. Watercolour by a Company artist, Punjab, ca.1865.jpg|thumb|An illustration of [[Ranjodh Singh Majithia]]]]

On 11 December 1845, the [[First Anglo-Sikh war]] erupted between the [[Sikh Empire]] and the [[British Empire|British]], whose [[East India Company]] had [[Company rule in India|seized control]] over large parts of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. After the [[Sikh Khalsa Army]] was defeated at the battles of [[Battle of Mudki|Mudki]] and [[Battle of Ferozeshah|Ferozeshah]], [[Ranjodh Singh Majithia]] led a Sikh army of 10,000 infantrymen, a number of cavalrymen and 60 artillery pieces (including [[List of siege artillery|siege guns]]) across the [[Sutlej]] river to cut British lines of communication.{{sfn|Bruce|2020}}{{sfn|Singh|2000}}{{sfn|Singh|2012}}

Joined by [[Ajit Singh of Ladwa]], Majithia's army entered Ludhiana and burnt part of the British [[cantonment]] in the city. In response, British commander [[Sir Harry Smith, 1st Baronet|Harry Smith]] was ordered by his superior [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|Sir Hugh Gough]] to march a column of troops from [[Dharamkot, Moga|Dharamkot]] to Ludhiana and intercept Majithia's forces. Gough also sent Smith reinforcements in the form of troops from the [[16th The Queen's Lancers|16th Lancers]], [[3rd Bengal Light Cavalry]], [[50th (Queen's Own) Regiment of Foot|50th Regiment of Foot]] and a troop of [[horse artillery]].{{sfn|Bruce|2020}}{{sfn|Singh|2000}}{{sfn|Singh|2012}}

==Battle==

Smith left Dharamkot on 19 January with an infantry force; as he was advancing to Ludhiana, Smith's scouts reported that Majithia and his army were 20 miles west of Ludhiana. He linked up with the reinforcements sent by Gough in the same day, bringing the total strength of his army to 12,000 men. On 21 January, at around 12:30am, Smith left behind his artillery and [[Wagon train|baggage train]] as he felt it was slowing his army down while they were marching to [[Jagraon]].{{sfn|Bruce|2020}}{{sfn|Singh|2000}}{{sfn|Singh|2012}}

Leaving the artillery and baggage train to advance at their own pace under the protection of two [[Bengal Native Infantry]] companies, Smith continued his march, covering 18 miles by sunrise and being 2 miles from [[Baddowal]]. He planned to skirt Baddowal from the north to avoid encountering Sikh troops located to the south of his army. A fellow British commander, [[Brigadier]] Godby, subsequently informed Smith that Majithia's army, numbering 10,000 men, had already reached Baddowal.{{sfn|Bruce|2020}}{{sfn|Singh|2000}}{{sfn|Singh|2012}}

Upon sighting the British column, Sikh artillery opened up a constant harassing fire on them. Smith wrote after the battle that "the enemy, with a dexterity and quickness not to be exceeded, formed a line of seven battalions directly across my rear, with guns in the intervals of battalions, for the purpose of attacking my column with his line. This was a very able and well-executed move, which rendered my position critical and demanded nerve and decision to evade the coming storm". He tried to attack the Sikh troops with the [[31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot|31st Regiment of Foot]], but changed his mind and ordered his army to march to Ludhiana instead.{{sfn|Bruce|2020}}{{sfn|Singh|2000}}{{sfn|Singh|2012}}

Although the main Sikh army at Baddowal did not leave their positions to attack the British column, Sikh cavalrymen did attack the column's baggage train, looting parts of it and inflicting several casualties on Smith's troops. Despite not conclusively engaging with the Sikhs once during the march, Smith's army had suffered 66 men killed along with 68 wounded and 77 captured, mostly due to the Sikh cavalry's attack on the baggage train. Smith later attempted to justify his decision to leave behind such a small detachment of troops to guard the baggage train by claiming that Ludhiana would have been captured otherwise.{{sfn|Bruce|2020}}{{sfn|Singh|2000}}{{sfn|Singh|2012}}

==Aftermath==

Though Majithia's orders were to cut British lines of communication, he had failed to achieve this goal by attacking a militarily worthless target at Ludhiana and then encamping his army at Baddowal instead of further engaging British forces. If Majithia had positioned his troops across the [[Grand Trunk Road]] east of Ludhiana, he could have intercepted an advancing British [[Train (military)|supply train]], though historians have speculated he refrained from doing this due to lacking a sufficient number of [[Regular army|regular troops]] in his army for such a purpose.{{sfn|Bruce|2020}}{{sfn|Singh|2000}}{{sfn|Singh|2012}}

Smith rested his troops on 22 January and made plans to attack the Sikh army at Baddowal the next day. However, he was informed on the same day that the Sikhs had moved from Baddowal to a ford on the Sutlej near [[Aliwal, Taran Taran|Aliwal]]. Smith proceeded to occupy to the former Sikh position at Baddowal; on 26 January, Majithia was reinforced by several infantry and cavalry units. Two days later, the [[battle of Aliwal]] occurred, which resulted in a British victory. After several more victories, the war ended on 9 March with a Sikh defeat, though the British and Sikhs would fight again in the [[Second Anglo-Sikh war]].{{sfn|Bruce|2020}}{{sfn|Singh|2000}}{{sfn|Singh|2012}}

==References==

===Footnotes===

{{reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===

{{refbegin}}

* {{Cite book|first=Amarinder|last=Singh|title=The Last Sunset|year=2012|publisher=[[Roli Books]]|isbn=978-8-1743-6911-6}}
* {{Cite book|first=George|last=Bruce|title=Six Battles for India: Anglo-Sikh Wars, 1845-46 and 1848-49|year=2020|publisher=Sapere Books|isbn=978-1-8005-5043-8}}
* {{Cite book|first=Patwant|last=Singh|title=The Sikhs|year=2000|publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]]|isbn=978-0-3754-0728-4}}

{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:1846 in India]]
[[Category:Battles involving the British East India Company]]
[[Category:Battles involving the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Battles of the Anglo-Sikh wars]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1846]]
[[Category:January 1846]]

Sari Dharam

2026-04-27T05:08:26Z

Roshni: Started first data nd citations

{{Short description|Religion of the Santal people}}
{{Infobox religion
| icon =
| icon_width =
| icon_alt =
| name = Sari Dharam
| native_name = ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
| native_name_lang = sat
| image = File:Sari dharam.jpg
| imagewidth =
| alt =
| caption =
| abbreviation =
| type = [[Ethnic religion]]
| main_classification =
| orientation =
| scripture = [[Kherwal Bansa Dhorom Puthi]]; [[Jomsim Binti]]; [[Sari Dharam Sereng Puthi]]
| theology =
| polity =
| governance =
| structure =
| leader_title = Supreme deity
| leader_name = [[Marang Buru]]
| leader_title1 = Divine figures
| leader_name1 = Jaher Ayo; Moreko Turuiko; sawtenko
| leader_title2 = Priest
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| fellowships_type =
| fellowships =
| fellowships_type1 =
| fellowships1 =
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| division =
| division_type1 =
| division1 =
| division_type2 =
| division2 =
| division_type3 =
| division3 =
| associations =
| full_communion =
| area = [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]]
| language = Santali
| liturgy =
| headquarters =
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| possessions =
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| founded_date =
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| separated_from =
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| defunct =
| congregations_type =
| congregations =
| members = 506,369<ref name=Relegion2011>{{cite web|title=C-01 Appendix: Details of religious community shown under 'Other religions and persuasions' in main table C01 - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11398/download/14511/DDW00C-01%20Appendix%20MDDS.xlsx |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India }}</ref>
| ministers_type =
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| aid =
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| nursing_homes =
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| seminaries =
| other_names = Sarnaism of the Santal people
| publications =
| website =
| website_title1 =
| slogan =
| logo = [[File:Sari dhorom.png|20px]]
| module =
| footnotes =
}}
{{Sarnaism}}

'''Sari Dharam''' ([[Santali language|Santali]]: ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ) is the religion of the [[Santal people]] residing in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sarsagunpatrika.com/2020/04/sari-dharam-provides-lessons-on-saving-the-environment-and-human-civilization.html|title=Sari Dharam Provides Lessons on Saving the Environmentand Human Civilization|access-date=2023-03-20|archive-date=2023-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320182204/https://www.sarsagunpatrika.com/2020/04/sari-dharam-provides-lessons-on-saving-the-environment-and-human-civilization.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is one of the religious beliefs in the eastern regions of Indian states such as [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Odisha]], and [[Assam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V4ISSUE1/IJRPR9535.pdf |title=Tribal Religion in Eastern India |access-date=2024-06-21}}</ref><ref>Sari Dharam https://www.collegesidekick.com/study-docs/13656262</ref> Outside India, it can also be found in [[Bangladesh]], [[Nepal]] and [[Bhutan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About Sari Dharam |url=https://saridharam.com/about/ |website=Saridharam.com |access-date=2025-12-06}}</ref> However, Santals also practice [[Sarnaism]].

==Demographics==
{{See also|Religion in West Bengal}}
{{Historical population
|1961|35926
|1971|161942
|1981|221991
|1991|380007
|2001|638266
|2011|506369
|source=Census of India<ref name=Religion1981>{{cite web|title=Household Population by Religion of Head of Household, Series-1, Paper 3 of 1984, India - Census 1981|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |year=1984 |page=51 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30879/download/34060/26795_1981_HH.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724180108/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30879/download/34060/26795_1981_HH.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Religion1991>{{cite web|title=Religion, Paper 1 of 1995, Series-1, India - Census 1991 |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |year=1995 |pages= 47–48 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32995/download/36813/48848_1991_REL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918171054/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32995/download/36813/48848_1991_REL.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2023}}</ref><ref name=Religion2001>{{cite web|title=C-01 Appendix: Details of religious communities shown Under 'other religious and persuasions' in main table C-01, India - 2001 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21563/download/24695/PC01_C01_APP_00.xls |archive-url= |archive-date= }}</ref><ref name=Relegion2011/>}}
[[File:Sari Dharam in 1961.svg|thumb|Distribution of Sari Dharam, 1961 census]]
According to the [[2011 census of India]], there are 506,369 followers of Sari Dharam in [[India]],<ref name=Relegion2011/> primarily from the [[Santal]] tribe of [[West Bengal]], who make up 94.43% of the total Sari Dharam adherents.<ref name=TribalReligion>{{Cite web|title=ST-14 A: Scheduled tribe population by religious community (State/UT level), West Bengal - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/12522/download/15635/ST-19-00-014A-DDW-2011.XLS |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=October 25, 2023}}</ref>

== Scriptures ==
*''Kherwal Bansa Dhorom Puthi'' written by [[Majhi Ramdas Tudu]] consists of the practices for worshiping by ''Sari Hor Hopon''.{{cn|date=July 2024}}
*''Jomsim Binti'' is another notable scripture which reveals the appraisal of the supreme deity [[Marang Buru]], ''Jaher Ayo'', ''Moreko Turuiko'' and ''sawtenko''.<ref>Jomsim Binti {{cite book|url=http://libnet.vidyasagar.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=31254 | title=Kherwal hapna dharam punthi: Jamsim binti | date=1943 }}</ref>
*''Sari Dharam Sereng Puthi'', a collection of Holy Hymn in [[Santali language|Santali]] compiled by [[Sadhu Ramchand Murmu]] is stored in several Indian universities like Vidyasagar University, West Bengal<ref>Sari Dharam Sereng {{cite book|url=http://libnet.vidyasagar.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=31323 | title=Sari dharam sereng | date=1994 | publisher=Marang buru }}</ref> and abroad.<ref>Sari Dharam Sereng Puthi {{cite web|url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP1300-5-5 |title=সারি ধরম সেরেঞ পুঁথি }}</ref>
*''Marang Buru Sari Dharam'' and ''Sari Dharam Sereng Puthi'' has also been included in West Bengal Service Commission, West Bengal, India.{{cn|date=July 2024}}
*''Sari Dharam Sarila'' authored by Nayke Mangal Chandra Soren, from Silda, Jhargram published in 1970 is also ne of the credible contribution to retain ''Sari Sarhaw'' by [[Santal]] tribe.<ref> {{cite web|url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP1300-5-7 |title=সারি ধরম সেরেঞ পুঁথি |access-date=2024-06-30}} </ref>

===Religious Leaders===
Earlier days, Pandit [[Raghunath Murmu]] has been known to unite [[Santal]] people through high ''Hital'' a scripture of evolution of the Earth and human being of Kherwals myth.<ref> {{cite web|url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?2964 |title= Digital District Repository Detail Pandit Raghunath Murmu |publisher=amritmahotsav.nic.in |access-date=2024-06-30 }} </ref>
The most notable recent preachers and religious leaders are Somai Kisku, also known as Sari Dharam Guru Baba,<ref name="vidyasagar">{{cite web|url=http://libnet.vidyasagar.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=au:%22Kisku%2C%20Somai.%22|website=libnet.vidyasagar.ac.in|title=Central Library, Vidyasagar University catalog ›|access-date=2024-04-27}}</ref> and Dr Subodh Hansda from West Bengal, in [[Eastern India]].<ref> {{cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/a-political-tug-of-war-for-tribal-support-in-west-bengal/article66520223.ece |title=Political slugfest over tribal religions in West Bengal |publisher=Frontline.thehindu.com |access-date=2024-06-30 }} </ref>

==Demand for recognition==

The followers demanded recognition of the Sari Dharam in [[West Bengal]].<ref name="TMC brings">{{cite news|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/tmc-brings-motions-in-assembly-for-religion-tag-to-sari-sarna-dharma/articleshow/98024180.cms|title=TMC brings motions in assembly for religion tag to Sari, Sarna dharma|website=The Economic Times|date=17 February 2023 |access-date=2024-04-27 |last1=Nag |first1=Jayatri }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Religion
}}
* [[Tribal religions in India]]
*[[Sacred groves]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian religions]]
[[Category:Santali people]]
[[Category:Santali writers]]

Khan Dowran VII

2026-04-23T06:47:40Z

Roshni: started basic info basic info!

{{Short description|Mughal statesman and general (1672/1673–1739)}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Khan Dauran VII
| office = [[Mir Bakhshi]] of the [[Mughal Empire]]
| monarch = [[Muhammad Shah]]
| battles = {{hidden
| {{Tree list}}
* '''Campaign against the Sayyid brothers'''
** [[Battle of Hasanpur]]
{{Tree list/end}}
Battle of Rampura
----
{{Tree list}}
* '''[[Nadir Shah's invasion of India|Afsharid-Mughal war]]'''
** [[Battle of Karnal]]{{KIA}}
{{Tree list/end}}}}
| children = Mirza Ashraf
| relations = Muzaffar Khan (brother)
| death_date = 24 February 1739
| death_place = [[Karnal]], [[Delhi Subah]], [[Mughal Empire]]
| birth_date = 1672/1673
| birth_place = [[Agra]], [[Agra Subah]], [[Mughal Empire]]
| image =
| allegiance = [[Mughal Empire]]
| caption = Khan-i-Dauran
| birth_name = Khawaja Asim
| occupation = [[General (military)|General]], [[Subahdar]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = fa
| term_start = 8 October 1720
| term_end = 24 February 1739
| office2 = [[Subahdar]] of [[Agra Subah|Agra]]
| monarch2 = [[Farrukhsiyar]]
| successor1 = Ajit Singh
| successor2 = [[Saadatullah Khan I|Sadatullah Khan I]]
| predecessor1 = [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Ajit Singh]]
| predecessor2 = Chabela Ram
| branch = [[Army of the Mughal Empire|Mughal Army]]
| honorific_prefix = Samsam-ud-Daulah
| office 3 =
| office1 = [[Subahdar]] of [[Gujarat Subah|Gujarat]]
| successor = [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I]]
| predecessor = [[Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha|Ihtisham-ul-Mulk]]
| term_start1 = 1717
| term_end1 = 1719
| deputy1 = Haidar Quli Khan
| monarch1 = [[Farrukhsiyar]]
}}
'''Khan Dowran VII''' (1672/73 – 24 February 1739) was a Mughal statesman and general in the eighteenth century. Originally Khwaja Asim, he was made Samsam ud-Daula (''Sword of the State'') Khan-i Dauran and was the [[Mir Bakshi]] and [[Amir-ul-Umara]]. He was the head of all the imperial nobility and the commander-in-chief of the [[Army of the Mughal Empire|Mughal army]] during the reign of [[Muhammad Shah]],<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RzBAAQAAMAAJ&dq=khan+dauran+chief+in+command&pg=PA198 |page= 198 |author= Muḥammad Laṭīf (Saiyid, khān bahādur.) |title= History of the Panjáb from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time |date= 1891 |publisher= Calcutta Central Press Company, limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=AxeWysRdCXEC&dq=khan+dauran+chief+of+nobility&pg=PA497 |page= 497 |author= Ippolito Desider |date= 2010 |title= Mission to Tibet: The Extraordinary Eighteenth-Century Account of Father Ippolito Desideri S. J. |isbn= 9780861716760 }}</ref>
and served the Emperor until his death at the [[Battle of Karnal]].

His brother, Muzaffar Khan, was the Mir-i-Atish (commander of the artillery),<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tTJuAAAAMAAJ&q=muzaffar+khan+mir+atish |title= New History of the Marathas: The expansion of the Maratha power, 1707-1772 |page= 146 |author= Govind Sakharam Sardesai |date= 1948 |publisher= Phoenix Publications }}</ref> and the governor of [[Rajasthan|Ajmer]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NXsBAAAAMAAJ&q=ajmer |title= A Mughal Statesman of the Eighteenth Century, Khan-i-Dauran, Mir Bakshi of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1739 |page= 60 |author= Zahiruddin Malik |date= 1973 |publisher= Aligarh Muslim University |isbn= 9780210405444 }}</ref>

==Background==
Khwaja Asim was an Indian Muslim,<ref>{{cite book |quote=Khan-i-Dauran, an Indian born Muslim|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gxluAAAAMAAJ&q=indian+born+Muslim |page= 159 |year= 1982 |title= Historians of Medieval India |author= Mohibbul Hasan |publisher= Meenakshi Prakashan }}</ref> who was born in 1672–73 in Agra, where his father Khwaja Qasim was living in retirement after giving up his job in the army.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NXsBAAAAMAAJ&q=khwaja+qasim+dauran |title=A Mughal Statesman of the Eighteenth Century, Khan-i-Dauran, Mir Bakshi of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1739 |page=4 |publisher=Aligarh Muslim University |author= Zahiruddin Malik |year=1973 |isbn=9780210405444 }}</ref> He was a member of the [[Naqshbandi]] Khwajazadah family,<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=C4dDAAAAYAAJ&q=at+Akbarabad+Agra+,+and+a+man+of+elegant+stature+and+imposing+appearance+,+Khw%C4%81j%C4%81h+Asim+entitled+Ashraff+Kh%C4%81n |page= 236 |author= Syed H. Askari |publisher= Janaki Prakashan |title= Iqbalnama: by an anonymous contemporary writer |year= 1983 }}</ref> who were natives of Agra.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7X9DAAAAYAAJ&q=khwaja+asim+agra |title= Medieval India QuarterlyVolume 5 |date=1963 |page= 89 |publisher=Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University. }}</ref> He was an ethnic Hindustani.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9w9uAAAAMAAJ&q=khan+dauran+hindustanis |page=36 |author= Sunanda Bhattacharya |date=1993 |title=Role of Jats and Rajputs in the Mughal Court, 1707-1740 |publisher=Books Treasure }}</ref> When Khwaja Asim grew to manhood, he along with his brothers went to the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] in search of employment, and entered the service of Prince [[Muhammad Kam Bakhsh|Kam Bakhsh]] who took him into service and raised him as a [[mansabdar]].<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=N4BDAAAAYAAJ&q=khan+dauran+khwaja+asim |title= Medieval India: Volume 1 |page= 136 |publisher= Aligarh Muslim University. Department of History. Centre of Advanced Study |author= Not given |year= 1969}}</ref> One author asserts that Khwaja Asim had been a play-fellow of prince [[Farrukhsiyar]], but as he was at least eleven years older, this can hardly be correct. His intimacy with the Prince was founded, however, on joining him in wrestling, archery, riding, polo-playing and other war-like exercises, of which Farrukhsiyar was passionately fond.<ref name="Irvine 1971 p265">{{cite book |title= Later Mughal |author= William Irvine |author-link=William Irvine (historian)|year= 1971 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC&dq=khan+dauran+khwaja+asim&pg=PA265 |page= 265 }}</ref>

Ashub says that his ancestor, Khan Baha-ud-Din Naqshband, had been the Pir and Murshid of all Turan and Turkistan.<ref>{{cite book |title=Parties And Politics At The Mughal Court |year=1959 |author= Satish Chandra |author-link=Satish Chandra (historian) |page=211 |url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.119114/page/n258/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref>

==Life==
[[File:Khan-i Dauran Khan's House.png|thumb|Khan-i Dauran Khan's House, Agra]]
When [[Farrukhsiyar]] rose as the heir to the throne, Khwaja Asim felt like a "falcon newly mounted". Farrukhsiyar attempted to raise Khan-i-Dauran as a favourite in order to establish independence from the rule of the Indian Muslim [[Sayyid Brothers]].<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vDscEAAAQBAJ&dq=khan+dauran+bakhshi+sayyids&pg=PA9 |title= Modern Indian History |page= 9 |author= V. D. Mahajan |date= 2020 |isbn= 9789352836192 }}</ref> He was made a mansabdar of 7000/7000 zat and sowar,<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SFhuAAAAMAAJ&q=five+lakh |title= Shahjahanabad, a city of Delhi, 1638-1857 |page= 81 |author= Shama Mitra Chenoy |date= 1998 |publisher= Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|isbn= 9788121508025 }}</ref> and was made the head of the Wala-Shahis, who were distinguished by their red turbans.<ref>{{cite book |title= Later Mughal |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC&dq=khwaja+asim+wala+shahi&pg=PA260 |date= 1971 |author= William Irvine |page= 260 }}</ref> When [[Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha|Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan]] was made the Viceroy of the Deccan and left to take personal charge of the provinces, the Sayyids agreed on the insistence of the Emperor to give Khan-i-Dauran the roles of the [[Mir Bakhshi]] as the deputy.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC&dq=mir+bakhshi+khan+dauran&pg=PA478 |title= Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - I |page= 478 |author= Satish Chandra |year= 2005 |publisher= Har-Anand Publications|isbn= 9788124110669 }}</ref> In this period he was the governor of both Agra and Gujarat.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.117946/page/n19/mode/2up?q=Risalah |title=A Mughal Statesman Of The Eighteenth Century |author= Zahiruddin Malik |date=1973 |publisher= Aligarh Muslim University }}</ref>

After the overthrow of the Sayyid Brothers, during which Khan-i Dauran fought Abdullah Khan at the Battle of Hasanpur,<ref>{{ cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NXsBAAAAMAAJ&q=After+the+battle+of+Hasanpur+,+Muhammad+Shah+appointed+him+Mir+Bakhshi+with+the+rank+of+8,000+/+8,000+and+the+title+of |title= A Mughal Statesman of the Eighteenth Century, Khan-i-Dauran, Mir Bakshi of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1739 |date= 1973 |page= 106 |author= Zahiruddin Malik|isbn= 9780210405444 }}</ref> Khan-i-Dauran took Husain Ali Khan's place as Mir Bakhshi with the rank of 8000 zat and sowar, and was made the Amir-ul-Umara.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NXsBAAAAMAAJ&q=ashraf |page= 7 |title= A Mughal Statesman of the Eighteenth Century, Khan-i-Dauran, Mir Bakshi of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1739 |author= Zahiruddin Malik |date= 1973 |publisher= Aligarh Muslim University|isbn= 9780210405444 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RAFDAAAAYAAJ&dq=samsam+daula+mir+bakhshi&pg=PA79 |page= 79 |publisher= Uttar Pradesh Historical Society |title= Journal: Volumes 6-8 |date= 1993 }}</ref> He had success in driving [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I|Asaf Jah I]] away from the court to the Deccan,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m3gtAAAAMAAJ&q=dauran |title= Punjab |date= 1982 |publisher= Sang-E-Meel Publications |author= Zulfiqar Ahmed }}</ref> after which all power practically fell into the hands of the Mir Bakhshi, Khan-i-Dauran.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KYvjZN6pXYEC&dq=samsam+daulah+chief+general&pg=PA211 |title= the Turks in India |author= H. G. Keene |publisher= University Press of the Pacific |date= 2001 |page= 210 }}</ref> From this point until his death in 1739, Khan-i-Dauran retained his position at court, whoever was in power.<ref name="Irvine 1971 p265"/> Khan-i-Dauran charged the next Wazir, [[Roshan-ud-Daulah]], of corruption, which resulted in the dismissal of his post.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=y7YBAAAAMAAJ |title= Rediscovering Delhi |author= Maheshwar Dayal|date=1975 |page= 133 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLw6DwAAQBAJ&dq=raushan+dismissed&pg=PA267 |title= Complete Indian History for IAS Exam:Highly Recommended for IAS, PCS and other Competitive Exam|page= 267 |author= Praveen Kumar |publisher=Educreation Publishing}}</ref> He only employed Indian Muslims as soldiers.<ref>{{cite book |title=Parties And Politics At The Mughal Court |date=1959 |author= Satish Chandra |page=211 }}</ref> Ashub says that his patronage of Hindustanis resulted in the decline of the descendants of Irani and Turani servants of [[Muhammad Azam Shah|Azam Shah]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.119114/page/n293/mode/2up?q=hindustanis |title=Parties And Politics At The Mughal Court |date=1959 |author= Satish Chandra |page=246 }}</ref>

Khan-i-Dauran was the head of the Mughal army at the [[Battle of Karnal]].<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9w9uAAAAMAAJ&q=khan+dauran+head+army |title= Role of Jats and Rajputs in the Mughal Court, 1707-1740 |date= 1993 |author= Sunanda Bhattacharya |page= 37 }}</ref> During [[Nader Shah]]'s invasion of the Mughal Empire, Muhammad Shah sent out a request for troops throughout his lands and gathered a large force to face the invaders. One of the Mughal nobles who answered the call of the Emperor was Khan Dowran, being appointed commander in chief of the Mughal army upon [[Muhammad Shah]]'s request. After the arrival of a contingent of Mughal forces under the command of Sa'adat Khan, the rearguard of this reinforcing column came under attack from Persian skirmishes who looted the baggage. Sa'adat Khan set out in pursuit and was lured into battle.

[[File:A painting in Chehel Sotoun2.jpg|Depiction of the Battle of Karnal|thumb]]
After reports came into the Mughal camp, Muhammad Shah strongly favoured aiding Sa'adat Khan's troops but Khan Dowran advised caution, stating any aid given to Sa'adat khan would only involve a greater number of Mughal troops in Sa'adat Khan's defeat. After Muhammad Shah questioned his courage, Khan Dowran donned his armour and set out to link up with Sa'adat Khan. Khan-i Dauran declared that it was not the Indian style to abandon a friend, even if he was imprudent.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_RtAAAAMAAJ&q=even+if+he+was+imprudent+.+%27+Let+others+do+as+they+please |title= The Forgotten Mughals: A History of the Later Emperors of the House of Babar, 1707-1857 |page= 195 |author= G. S. Cheema |date= 2002 |isbn= 9788173044168 }}</ref> However, Nader Shah sent out a number of troops to feign retreat and managed to separate Khan Dowran and Sa'adat Khan and defeat each in detail. Khan Dowran's soldiers were decimated and he himself was badly injured and died later that evening after being carried back to the Mughal camp by his retainers. Although Khan-i-Dauran had set out with his cavalry to engage the enemy, the rest of the army under the Nizam remained inert during battle, who, according to the Siyar-ul-Muhtakhrin, "probably hoped to take the places of these rivals at court if they perished". The Nizam had held a grudge on Khan-i Dauran, as the latter had likened his function to the dance of an old monkey from the Deccan, when the Nizam had come to court in his Deccan attire and made obeisance in the Mahratta fashion.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=m3gtAAAAMAAJ&q=nizam+mahratta+fashion |page= 107 |title= Punjab |author= Zulfiqar Ahmad |publisher= the University of Michigan |date= 1982 }}</ref> The Mughal emperor himself also remained "imbecile and stood like a wooden figure", far away from the battlefield, "but more as a distant spectator of the battle rather than a participator in it".<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&dq=saadat+khan+baggage&pg=PA148 |title= Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 |author= Jaswant Lal Mehta |date= 2005 |page= 148 }}</ref> The wounded body of Khan-i-Dauran was brought back to the Mughal camp, where he regained consciousness and said in a weak voice, "I have myself finished my own business. Now you know and your work knows. Never take the Emperor to Nadir, nor conduct Nadir to Dihli, but send away that evil from this point by any means you can devise." He then relapsed into unconsciousness and died within two days.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC&dq=khan+dauran+head+army&pg=RA1-PA355 |title= Later Mughal |author= William Irvine |year= 1971 |page= 355 }}</ref> His brother Muzaffar Khan and elder son Muharram Khan were among the dead.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.117946/page/n105/mode/2up |title= A Mughal Statesman Of The Eighteenth Century |date=1973 |author= Zahiruddin Malik |page=102}}</ref>

His younger son Mirza Ashraf Samsam-ud-Daula, who was made a captive by Nader Shah, was given the title of Khan-i Dauran and the post of Mir-i-Atish by Muhammad Shah, and became the Mir Bakhshi of [[Alamgir II]] with the title of Amir-ul-Umara.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7QhuAAAAMAAJ&q=673 |title= Muslim Society in Northern India During the Eighteenth Century |page= 296 |author= Muhammad Umar |publisher= the University of Michigan|date= 1998 |isbn= 9788121508308 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= A Mughal Statesman Of The Eighteenth Century |date=1973 |author= Zahiruddin Malik |page=102}}</ref>

==Personality==
[[File:Ghalib at the Last Mushaira.jpg|Scene from a Mushaira|thumb]]
Much of Khan-i-Dauran's prestige may have been derived from his commanding presence. A contemporary tells us that when he walked up the audience hall with a group of followers, his head would be seen towering far above the others.<ref name="Irvine 1971 p265" />

[[Faaiz Dehlvi|Nawab Sadr-ud-Din Muhammad Khan Fa'iz]], the first poet in Northern India who wrote a Diwan in [[Rekhta]] or Urdu in 1715, participated in [[Mushaira|Musha'irahs]] and academic gatherings at the residence of Khan-i-Dauran, and these he describes vividly in the ''Risala-i Manazrat''.<ref>{{cite book |title= The Reign Of Muhammad Shah 1919-1748 |author= Zahiruddin Malik |date= 1977 |url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131341/page/n397/mode/2up }}</ref> Khan-i Dauran was a man of smooth plausible speech, with little knowledge of Persian. Instead, Khan-i Dauran spoke an elegant [[Urdu]], ornamented with Persian phrases.<ref>{{cite book |title= Shahjahanabad:The Sovereign City in Mughal India 1639-1739 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vJ0e0kfgttUC&dq=khan+dauran+elegant+urdu&pg=PA138 |author= Stephen P. Blake |date= 2002 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |page= 139 | isbn=9780521522991 }}</ref> Khan-i Dauran thought it pretentious to use Persian in everyday conversation or at home; it left one open to ridicule and criticism.<ref>{{cite book |title= Shahjahanabad:The Sovereign City in Mughal India 1639-1739 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vJ0e0kfgttUC&dq=khan+dauran+pretentious&pg=PA134 |author= Stephen P. Blake |date= 2002 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |page= 134 | isbn=9780521522991 }}</ref> Khan-i Dauran also owned a big library. He fixed a daily allowance for the famous Urdu poet of the time, [[Mir Taqi Mir]]. Once he was pleased with a Kashmiri poet, Mullah Sata'i, and rewarded him with two thousand rupees. But the latter requested the Mir Bakhshi for a mansab, after which Khan-i Dauran brought him to recite a qasidah in court for the Emperor. The poet received a mansab, jagir, service in the province of Kashmir.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Mughal Statesman Of The Eighteenth Century |author= Zahiruddin Malik |date=1973 |page=108 |publisher= Aligarh Muslim University }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Nader Shah]]
*[[Mughal Empire]]
*[[Muhammad Shah]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Cust, Edward, ''Annals of the wars of the eighteenth century'', Gilbert & Rivington Printers:London, 1862.
* Dupuy, R. Ernest and Trevor N. Dupuy, ''The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History'', 4th Ed., HarperCollinsPublishers, 1993.
* Axworthy, Michael, "The Sword of Persia; Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant", I B Tauris, 2009.

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050715074949/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/nadir.html Nadir Shah's invasion in India]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060313205326/http://haryana-online.com/History/battle_of_karnal.htm Battle of Karnal 1739 - History of Haryana]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dowran 07}}
[[Category:18th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:1670s births]]
[[Category:1739 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]

John Beames

2026-04-20T14:24:00Z

Roshni: started a biography needs work!

{{Short description|English civil servant (1837–1902)}}
{{For|the rugby league footballer of the 1920s for Great Britain, and Halifax RLFC|Jack Beames}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = John William Beames
| caption =
| image = File:John Beames civil servant in British India, author.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1837|06|21}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1902|05|24|1837|06|21}}
| birth_place = Greenwich, United Kingdom
| occupation = Civil servant, author
| spouse =
| parents = Rev. Thomas Beames
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
}}

'''John William Beames''' (21 June 1837 – 24 May 1902) was a civil servant and author in [[British Raj|British India]]. He served in the Punjab from March 1859 to late 1861, and in Bengal from December 1861 until the conclusion of his service in 1893. He was also a scholar of Indian history, literature and linguistics. His great work was a [[Comparative linguistics|comparative grammar]] of [[Indo-Aryan languages]], published in three volumes in 1872–1879.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I6wjNQNND2gC&q=John+Beames+Grammar+of+Indo-Aryan+languages | title=Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India | publisher=Cambridge University Press | author=John Beames | year=2012| isbn=9781108048132 }}</ref> When he retired from the [[Indian Civil Service (British India)|Indian Civil Service]] in March 1893, he had gained extensive knowledge of Indian life, and in 1896 wrote an account of his career, first published in 1961 as ''Memoirs of a Bengal Civilian''.

==Early life==
Beames was born in the [[Greenwich Hospital (London)|Royal Naval Hospital, Greenwich]], a few hours after the death of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] and the consequent ascent of Queen Victoria to the English throne. He was the eldest son of Rev. Thomas Beames, preacher of [[St James's Church, Piccadilly]] and grandson of John Beames Esq., a [[barrister]] and later [[bencher]] of [[Lincoln's Inn]], and spent his formative years moving around England with his father's appointment to various parishes before being sent for education at [[Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood|Merchant Taylors' School]] in 1847 and [[Haileybury College]] in 1856. In his fourth term at Haileybury, Beames won the College's [[Classic]], and [[Sanskrit]] prizes as well as the [[Persian language|Persian]] Medal. This affinity with languages served him well in India and permitted him to excel in his early examinations in Calcutta.

==India==
Beames arrived in India in 1858 to work in the [[Indian Civil Service (British India)|Indian Civil Service]] (ICS), serving in the Punjab from March 1859 to late 1861. From December 1861, he was employed in the Bengal Presidency, becoming a permanent Collector in 1867 and a Commissioner in 1881. He thrice officiated as a Member of the Board of Revenue. He was a District Officer and [[District collector|Collector]] of several districts in Bengal, and the [[Commissioner]] of [[Chittagong]] until he retired in 1893. In his autobiography, which was not published until 1961, he describes himself as "an obscure person – an average, ordinary, middle-class Englishman".

== Career and scholarly contribution ==
Beames's scholarly contributions began early in his career. While at the district of Champaran, [[Bihar]], he published essays in the Bengal Asiatic Society. These dealt with the question of retaining Arabic element in the official form of Hindustani. Treating Bishop Caldwell's ''Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Languages'' as a model, he commenced work on the counterpart of Aryan languages.
To the ''Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society'', Beames contributed essays on Chand Bardoi and other old Hindi authors and studies on the antiquities and history of Odisha (1870–1883). In 1891, he published a pioneering volume ''Bengali Grammar'', and after his retirement, he wrote for the ''Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review''. His reputation rightly rests on his ''Comparative Grammar of the Aryan Languages of India'', published in separate volumes in 1872, 1895 and 1879.

He proceeded to serve as the Collector of Balasore and Cuttack, became an important interlocutor of local linguistic and cultural aspirations. The classicists remember his celebrated ''Comparative Grammar of the Aryan Languages of India'' and his essays in ''Indian Antiquary'' and ''Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society''. And yet, Beames remains foremost in his interventions for the survival of the Odia language. He made outstanding contributions for regional formations in Eastern India.

== Role in the survival of the Odia language ==
The [[Odia language|Odia]] – [[Bengali language]] conflict started with language hegemony, that was deployed by sections of the Bengali colonial administration for the exercise of power by cornering government jobs. One of the earlier manifestations by resistance to the colonial administration in [[Odisha]] was the assertion of linguistic and cultural identity. .<ref>Pritish Acharya, "Nationalistic Politics: Nature, Objectives and Strategy.” From Late 19th Century to Formation of UPCC,” in Culture, Tribal History and Freedom Movement, ed. P.K. Mishra, Delhi: Agam Kala Prakasham, 1989</ref>

In 1867, for instance, Deputy Magistrate Rangalal Bandhopadhyaya spoke in public meeting of the primacy of Bengali over Odia. Likewise, well-known Bengali scholar [[Rajendralal Mitra]] who came to study the temples of Cuttack declared that there was no need to have a separate language for a mere 2 million Odia population. In fact, Mitra argued that Odisha was doomed to remain backward so long as it had a separate language. Pandit Kanti Chandra Bhattacharya, a teacher of Balasore Zilla School, published a little pamphlet named "Udiya Ekti Swatantray Bhasha Noi" (Odia not an independent language) where Mr. Bhattacharya claimed that Odia was not a separate and original form of language and was a mere corruption of Bengali. He suggested the British Government abolish all Odia Vernacular Schools from Odisha and convert them into Bengali Vernacular Schools.<ref>Sachidananda Mohanty, “Rebati and the Woman Question in Odisha,” India International Centre Quarterly, New Delhi, Vol. 21, No.4, Winter 1994</ref> Beames examined both the languages from close quarters and suggests that as a separate language “Uriya extends along the sea coast from Subarnarekha to near Ganjam.’ Landwards, its boundary is uncertain, it melts gradually into the Boud ([[Boudh District|Boudh]]) and other rude hill dialects and co-exists with them." Beames wrote three notes that remain supremely important in this regard. 'On the relation of the Odia to the other modern Aryan language,' ‘On Odia language, script and literature' and 'Urya.'<ref>John Beames's Essays on Odisha History and Literature : Edited by Kailash Patnaik, Published by Prafulla Pathagara, Jagatsinghpur, Cuttack, 2004</ref> These refuted the claim that Odia was a dialect of Bengali, specifically the conspiracy of Bengali intellectuals to abolish Odia Language got dimmed by Beames's exposition of the origin of Odia language and his study of its evolution brought him closer to the Odia people who were battling then for the survival of their language.

John Beames cultural legacy lies in the comparative study of languages. His support of the cause of Odia was timely and contributed vitally to community formation in Odisha during the 19th century. Beames, who stayed for a considerable time in Odisha and worked for the survival of Odia language, said on the topic:

{{Blockquote
|text=[T]here exists in the present day an active controversy between the literary heads of <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Bengal]] and [[Orissa]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>. The Bengalis assert that Oriya is merely a dialect of Bengali, and has no claim to be considered an independent language, and they mix up this assertion with a second to the effect that if it is not, it ought to be, mainly because they wish it was, and secondarily because the population of Orissa is so small as compared with that of Bengal that they think it useless to keep up a separate language and written character for so small a province.

If Oriya is to be suppressed because it is only spoken by a few millions of people, it might also be urged that Dutch, or Danish, or Portuguese, should be obliterated also. Basque should also be stamped out, and the same argument would apply to Romaic or Modern Greek, and would justify the Russians in trying to eradicate Polish, or the Austrians in annihilating Czech.

Moreover, it is far beyond the power of the handful of English and Bengalis to stamp out the mother-tongue of all these millions, and it may be added that any forcible measures of repression would be entirely foreign and repugnant to the spirit of our policy.

The result of teaching Bengali in our schools, to the exclusion of the local vernacular, would only be that the small proportion of Oriya boys who attend those schools would know the former in addition to the latter, that they would learn to despise their mother-tongue, and that a gap would be created between the mass of the peasantry and the small body of educated persons.<ref>''[https://archive.org/stream/acomparativegra04beamgoog#page/n137/ A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Indo-Aryan Languages]'', Vol. I, 1872, pp. 117-18.</ref>
}}

==Beames and Odisha==
Beames' ''Memoirs'' records his stay in Odisha as a period of great happiness and productivity. Odisha had just recovered from a severe famine in 1866 when he arrived in Balasore in 1869. He learnt Odia and wrote on its language, literature, temple iconography, fortresses and folklore. He identified with local sentiments for the preservation and promotion of the Odia language. In "On a Copper Plate Grant from Balasore AD 1483", he argued that Odia script had developed from a southern variety of Kutila type. He wrote on the poetry of DinaKhrushna Das and pioneered comparative folk culture studies with the publication of his folklore of Odisha.

==Views==
John Beames was not known for his progressive views. A staunch representative of reactionary Anglo-Indian opinion, he sincerely believed that Indian officers, who formed a minuscule minority in the ICS, should not be given salaries on par with the salaries given to British officials in the same service. This he clearly stated in a deposition to the Aitchison Committee which looked into the possibility of equalising the salaries of all officials, British and Indian, in the ICS at the time of the Ilbert Bill controversy in 1883.

Beames was a die-hard conservative who allowed his personal preferences to colour his professional judgements and interactions with his Indian juniors in the ICS. For example, while deposing before the Aitchison Committee, he insisted that one of his junior Indian colleagues in the ICS, [[Brajendranath De]], [[esq.]], then serving in Hooghly under the (Acting) Commissionership of Beames, should be told not to sit in the presence of his and other British members of the committee. Beames' demand was not met by the committee members. He was asked to leave the room while De, fully seated, was extensively questioned by the committee members. Later De's views were heeded in the committee's report.

==Later life==
Beames retired to [[Clevedon]], [[Somerset]], where he died on 24 May 1902.<ref name=TTObituary>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Obituary |date=31 May 1902 |page=7 |issue=36782}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Odisha]]
*[[Odia language]]
*[[Odia Literature]]
*[[Rebati]]
* John Beames's Essays on Orissa History and Literature : Edited by Kailash Patnaik, Published by Prafulla Pathagara, Jagatsinghpur, Cuttack, 2004

==Bibliography==
* B. P. Ambashthya, editor, ''Beames' contributions to the political geography of the subahs of Awadh, Bihar, Bengal, and Orissa in the age of Akbar''. Patna: Janaki Prakashan, 1976.
* John Beames, ''A comparative grammar of the modern Aryan languages of India : to wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and Bangali''. London: Trübner, 1872–1879. 3 vols.
* John Beames, ''Memoirs of a Bengal Civilian''. London: Chatto & Windus, 1961. Reprinted 1984 and 2013 by [[Eland Books|Eland]]. {{ISBN|978-090787109-5}}
* [[Henry Miers Elliot]], ''Memoirs on the History, Folk-lore and Distribution of the Races of the North Western Provinces of India: Being an Amplified Edition of the Original Supplemental Glossary of Indian Terms,'' 2 vols. revised by John Beames. London: Trübner, 1869''; New Delhi, Asian Educational Services, 2 vols. (2004) {{ISBN|81-206-1905-6}}''
* John Beames's Essays on Orissa History and Literature : Edited by Kailash Patnaik, Published by Prafulla Pathagara, Jagatsinghpur, Cuttack, 2004

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Gutenberg author |id=Beames,+John | name=John Beames}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=John Beames}}
*[http://www.travelbooks.co.uk/shop-online-books/memoirs-of-a-bengal-civilian?rq=memoirs%20of%20a%20bengal%20civilian Beames, John: ''Memoirs of a Bengal Civilian'' (Eland, 2013)]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beames, John}}
[[Category:1837 births]]
[[Category:1902 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from British India]]
[[Category:English historians]]
[[Category:Linguists from the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Odia language]]

National Institute of Technology, Agartala

2026-04-16T04:48:38Z

Roshni:

{{Short description|Public engineering institution in India}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| image = Logo_of_National_Institute_of_Technology_Agartala.png
| image_size = 200px
| name = National Institute of Technology, Agartala
| established = {{start date and age|1965}} (as NIT) | mottoeng = Knowledge is the Supreme Power
| type = [[Public university|Public]] [[engineering school]]
| accreditation = [[Institute of National Importance]]
| affiliation = [[Ministry of Education (India) ]]
| chairperson = Binod Bawri
| director = Sarat Kumar Patra<ref>{{cite web|title =Profile of Director, NIT Agartala|url=http://www.nita.ac.in/NITAmain/adminstration/Director.pdf|access-date= 2 December 2018}}</ref>
| staff =
| faculty = 112
| administrative_staff = 185
| caption = College Logo
| other_name = NIT AGARTALA
| former_name = Tripura Engineering College (1965–2006)
| motto = ज्ञानम परम बलम
| students = 4,340+
| undergrad = 2,460+
| postgrad = 2,218+
| city = [[Agartala]]
| state = [[Tripura]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|58|N|91|25|E|type:edu| display=inline,title}}
| mapframe = yes
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| colours = {{color box|orange}} {{color box|white}} {{color box|black}} Orange, white and black
| nickname = NIT-A, NITA
| language = English
| free_label =
| free =
| website = {{URL|https://www.nita.ac.in/|nita.ac.in}}|
}}
'''National Institute of Technology Agartala''' ('''NIT Agartala''' or '''NITA''') is a technology-oriented institute of higher education established by India's [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Ministry of Human Resource Development]] Government of India in [[Agartala]], India. It was founded as '''Tripura Engineering College''' in 1965 and declared a [[National Institute of Technology]] (NIT) in 2006, thus being recognized as an [[Institute of National Importance]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Higher Education {{!}} Government of India, Ministry of Education |url=https://www.education.gov.in/institutions-national-importance |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=education.gov.in}}</ref>

The institute was established in 1965 as Tripura Engineering College, with the branches of [[civil engineering|civil]], [[electrical engineering|electrical]], and [[mechanical engineering]]. It was initially affiliated with [[Calcutta University]] and had the same curriculum structure and examination system as Bengal Engineering College (currently [[IIEST Shibpur]]).
[[File:NIT AGARTALA MAIN GATE.jpg|thumb|NIT Agartala Main Gate]]
After the establishment of [[Tripura University]] in 1987, the institute was affiliated with it. Courses toward a degree in [[computer science]] and [[computer engineering|engineering]] were offered beginning in the 1999–2000 session, and three new degrees were offered beginning in the 2005–06 session: Electrical & Electronics, Production and Transportation Engineering.

On 23 February 2006, the [[Union Cabinet]] approved the proposal of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|state government]] for the conversion of Tripura Engineering College to the National Institute of Technology.

==Campus==
[[File:Nit agartala.jpg|thumb|Main Building of Nit Agartala]]
[[File:National Institute of Technology, Agartala (aerial view).jpg|thumb|Aerial views of NIT Agartala]]
The institute is 4 km off National Highway (NH-44) and about 24 km away from the capital city, [[Agartala]]. The nearest Rail station is about 2 km away, at [[Jirania]].

===Facilities===
[[File:Knowledge center.png|thumb|Knowledge Center]]

* Student Activity Center
* Knowledge Center (Library)
*Computer Center
*Gym (separate for boys and girls)
*Sports Center
*College Cafeteria
*Table Tennis Room and Badminton Court
*Hospital and Medical Center
*large Jogging Park
*Night canteen
*WiFi at specific places
*Indoor Games Center

==History==
The institute was converted from Tripura Engineering College, a State Engineering College, to a National Institute of Technology in 2006 |url. To better reflect this new status, the total seats were increased from 250 to 420 for the academic session 2007{{spaced ndash}} 2008 and undergraduate courses were introduced in electrical and electronics engineering, [[transportation engineering]] and [[production engineering]]. The Civil Engineering Department started a postgraduate programme in [[structural engineering]] to fulfill a state requirement. The campus, which had been nonresidential, was made residential for the 2007{{spaced ndash}} 2008 session with the reopening of two boys' hostels and one girls' hostel. The institute is built over 365.6 acres (1.48 km2) of land.

==Organization and administration==
===Departments===
[[File:Computer Science Building( NIT agartala).jpg|thumb|Computer Science Building NIT Agartala]]
[[File:ECE Building nit agartala.jpg|thumb|Electronics and Communication Building]]
[[File:Civil Building, NIT Agartala.png|thumb|Civil Building]]

'''Engineering'''
*Department of Bio Engineering
*Department of Chemical Engineering
*Department of Civil Engineering
*Computational Mathematics [Dual Degree (B.Tech.+ M.Tech.)]
*Department of Computer Science and Engineering (B.Tech. + M.Tech. + M.C.A.)
*Department of Electrical Engineering
*Engineering Physics [Dual Degree (B.Tech. + M.Tech.)]
*Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
*Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
*Department of Mechanical Engineering
*Department of Production Engineering

'''Sciences'''
*Department of Chemistry
*Department of Mathematics
*Department of Physics
'''Management, Humanities & Social Sciences'''

==Academics==
===Academic programs ===
NIT Agartala offers nine four-year undergraduate programs in engineering. All undergraduate programs lead to a Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) degree. Post graduate Master's of Technology (M.Tech.) courses in bioengineering, [[chemical engineering]], [[civil engineering]], [[computer science and engineering]], [[electrical engineering]], electronic and communication engineering, [[mechanical engineering]] and [[production engineering]] are also offered. From July 2013, dual-degree courses in engineering physics and a five-year integrated course in applied physics, chemistry and mathematics were started. From 2021, the dual-degree program in [[Computational Mathematics]] is designed to comprehensively address the latest advancements in technology and meet current market demands. NITA is the second NIT in India (after [[National Institute of Technology Calicut]]), and sixth among all NIT's and IIT's ([[Indian Institutes of Technology]]), to start a program in engineering physics. The Department of Computer Science and Engineering offers a three-year degree leading to a Master's in Computer Applications (MCA) course. PhD and post-doctorate fellowships are offered by some departments. NIT Agartala also offers a CDAC program.

===Admission ===
Admission to the undergraduate program is based on the rank secured in the [[Joint Entrance Examination (Main)]]. Candidates must also secure at least 75% marks in the 12th class examination, or be in the top 20 percentile in the 12th class examination conducted by the respective [[Examination board|boards]]. For [[Scheduled Castes]]/[[Scheduled Tribes]] students, the qualifying marks would be 65% in the 12th class examination.

The [[NIMCET]] is a Common Entrance National Level Test, conducted by any of the NITs, for admission in to their MCA program. The admission into the MCA program of NIT-A is based on the Rank obtained in NIMCET exam only.

===Accreditation===
In 2013, the mechanical and civil engineering branches of the institute were accredited by the [[National Board of Accreditation]] for five years, while the electrical engineering branch was provisionally accredited for two years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nita.ac.in/ |title=Home |website=nita.ac.in}}</ref>

===Rankings===
{{Infobox India university ranking
| type = University and college

|NIRF_E_2024=82}}

NIT Agartala was ranked 82nd among engineering colleges in India by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIRF Ranking 2024 |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref>

==Student life==
===Sports===
[[File:Sports complex.jpg|thumb|Sports Complex is biggest sport complex among all colleges of India. Inauguration by HRD state minister.]]

*3 Football Grounds
*Indoor and Outdoor Basketball Courts
*Cricket Ground
*Indoor Badminton Court
*Lawn Tennis Court
*Volleyball Ground
*Hockey Ground
*Kabbadi Ground
*Handball
*Kho-Kho
*Table Tennis

===Cultural Fest===
NIT Agartala's cultural fest is known as Moksha.

===Tech Fest===
NIT Agartala's tech fest is known as Aayam. In the year 2023, the college will be organising its eighth edition.

===Alumni===
[[Sudip Roy Barman]] – MLA of [[Agartala Assembly constituency]]

== See also ==
*[[National Institutes of Technology]]
*[[Education in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

https://twitter.com/nitagartalaoffi?lang=en

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.nita.ac.in/}}

{{National Institutes of Technology}}
{{Tripura}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Institute of Technology, Agartala}}
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Tripura]]
[[Category:National Institutes of Technology]]
[[Category:Education in Agartala]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2006]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Tripura]]
[[Category:All India Council for Technical Education]]

Ved Prakash Gupta

2026-04-13T20:28:22Z

Roshni: Started initial data v1

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ved Prakash Gupta
| office = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Ayodhya Assembly constituency|Ayodhya]]
| country = India
| assembly = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor = [[Tej Narayan Pandey]]
| successor =
| term_start = 2017
| term_end =
| office1 =
| constituency1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| source =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|02|18|df=y}}<ref name="my bio"/>
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Province]], India<ref name="my bio"/>
| father = Kanti Lal Gupta<ref name="my bio"/>
| spouse = Narvada Gupta<ref name="my bio"/>
| children = 3 sons, 2 daughters <ref name="my bio"/>
| education = B.S.C.<ref name="my bio"/>
| occupation = Politician
| profession = Business 
Engineering Teaching<ref name="my bio"/>
}}

'''Ved Prakash Gupta''' (born 18 February 1948<ref name="my bio">{{cite web|url=https://upvidhansabhaproceedings.gov.in/member?memberId=19754|title=Shri Ved Prakash Gupta Biodata|publisher=upvidhansabhaproceedings.gov.in|access-date=19 December 2023|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219013221/https://upvidhansabhaproceedings.gov.in/member?memberId=19754|url-status=live}}</ref>) is an Indian politician from [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="Ved Prakash Gupta 2023"/><ref name="election2022" /> In 2022, Ved Prakash Gupta, a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], won from the prestigious [[Ayodhya Assembly constituency]], where the [[Ram Mandir]] is located.<ref name="election2022">{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/ayodhya-assembly-election-results-2022-ayodhya-vidhan-sabha-natija-bjps-ved-prakash-gupta-wins-again-gets-over-1-13-lakh-votes-2443153.html|title=Ayodhya Assembly Election results 2022 (Ayodhya Vidhan Sabha Natija): BJP's Ved Prakash Gupta wins again, gets over 1.13 lakh votes|website=[[Zee News]]|publisher=2022-03-07|access-date=16 December 2023|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216143320/https://zeenews.india.com/india/ayodhya-assembly-election-results-2022-ayodhya-vidhan-sabha-natija-bjps-ved-prakash-gupta-wins-again-gets-over-1-13-lakh-votes-2443153.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IE-Ayodhya1">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-elections-2017/uttar-pradesh-election-results-full-list-of-constituencies-and-candidates-winner-list-4562286/|title=Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections result 2017: Full list of constituencies and winners|website=[[The Indian Express]]|publisher=2022-03-13|access-date=16 December 2023|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216143631/https://indianexpress.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-elections-2017/uttar-pradesh-election-results-full-list-of-constituencies-and-candidates-winner-list-4562286/|url-status=live}}</ref>

He is currently serving as a legislator (MLA) in the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]. Previously, he served as a member of the [[17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]], representing the Ayodhya Assembly constituency.<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202803/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="election2022" /><ref name="IE-Ayodhya1">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-elections-2017/uttar-pradesh-election-results-full-list-of-constituencies-and-candidates-winner-list-4562286/|title=Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections result 2017: Full list of constituencies and winners|website=[[The Indian Express]]|publisher=2022-03-13|access-date=16 December 2023|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216143631/https://indianexpress.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-elections-2017/uttar-pradesh-election-results-full-list-of-constituencies-and-candidates-winner-list-4562286/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Political career==
Following the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] he was re-elected as an MLA from the Ayodhya Assembly constituency after defeating [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate Tej Narayan Pandey by a margin of 19,990 votes.<ref name="Ved Prakash Gupta 2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-election/ayodhya-1015895476|title=Uttar Pradesh Election 2022: Ayodhya Assembly Seat|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|publisher=2022-03-07|access-date=16 December 2023|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216142810/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-election/ayodhya-1015895476|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/ayodhya-uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2022-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-7810909/|title=Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh) Assembly Election Results 2022 Live: Winner, Runner-up|website=[[The Indian Express]]|publisher=2022-03-09|access-date=16 December 2023|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216144009/https://indianexpress.com/elections/ayodhya-uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2022-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-7810909/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Ayodhya]]
* [[Ram Mandir]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Ved Prakash}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1948 births]]

{{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Narain Karthikeyan

2026-04-11T00:30:09Z

Roshni: New

{{Indian name|Narain|Karthikeyan}}
{{short description|Indian racing driver (born 1977)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Narain Karthikeyan
| native_name = {{nobold|நாராயண் கார்த்திகேயன்}}
| native_name_lang = ta
| image = Narain Karthikeyan 2011 Malaysia2.jpg
| caption = Karthikeyan at the [[2011 Malaysian Grand Prix]]
| module =
{{Infobox racing driver
| embed = yes
| birth_name = Kumar Ram Narain Karthikeyan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|1|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu]], India
| racing_licence = [[File:FIA Gold Driver.png|12px]] [[FIA Gold Categorisation|FIA Gold]]
}}
| module2 =
{{Infobox F1 driver
| embed = yes
| nationality = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Formula One drivers from India|Indian]]
| years = {{F1|2005}}, {{F1|2011}}–{{F1|2012}}
| teams = [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]], [[HRT F1|HRT]]
| races = 48 (46 starts)
| championships = 0
| wins = 0
| podiums = 0
| points = 5
| poles = 0
| fastest_laps = 0
| first_race = [[2005 Australian Grand Prix]]
| last_race = [[2012 Brazilian Grand Prix]]
}}
}}

'''Kumar Ram Narain Karthikeyan''' ({{langx|ta
|நரேன் கார்த்திகேயன்}}; born 14 January 1977) is an Indian former [[racing driver]], who competed in [[Formula One]] between {{F1|2005}} and {{F1|2012}}.{{efn|The exact years Karthikeyan competed in [[Formula One]]: {{F1|2005}}, {{F1|2011}}–{{F1|2012}}.}}

== Early life and family background ==
Karthikeyan was born on 14 January 1977 in [[Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu]], to Sheela and Kakarla Karthikeyan Naidu. He has an elder sister, Deepika and younger brother, Rajeev.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://hrtf1team.com/en/equipo/pilotos/narain-karthikeyan.html |title=Narain Karthikeyan biography, Hispania Racing |publisher=HispaniaF1Team.com |date=10 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906041804/http://www.hrtf1team.com/en/equipo/pilotos/narain-karthikeyan.html |archive-date=6 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-19 |title=F1rst ride of his life |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/20010625-asdas-760684-2012-06-19 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He did his schooling at [[Stanes Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School]] in [[Coimbatore]]. His interest in motorsport began at an early age, as his father Karthikeyan was a former Indian national [[Rallying|rally]] champion winning South India Rally seven times.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unnikrishnan |first=MS |date=2005-03-12 |title=Race apart |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050312/saturday/main1.htm |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref>

Karthikeyan went on the Elf [[Winfield Racing School]] in [[France]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ebrahim |first=Akbar |date=2005-03-12 |title=Drive devil |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050312/saturday/main1.htm |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> and became a semi-finalist in the Pilote Elf Competition for Formula Renault cars in 1992.

== Early career ==
Karthikeyan finished on the podium in his first race at [[Sriperumbudur]] in a [[Formula Maruti]] National racing championship. Then, he went to France and attended the Elf Winfield Racing School. He returned to India to race in Formula Maruti for the 1993 season at the age of 15 years,<ref name=":0" /> and in the same year, he also competed in the Formula Vauxhall Junior championship<ref name=":0" /> in [[Great Britain]].

Karthikeyan previously competed in [[A1GP]], and the [[Le Mans Series]]. He has won multiple races in A1GP, [[British Formula 3 International Series|British F3]], [[World Series Formula V8 3.5|World series by Nissan]], [[Auto GP|AutoGP]], [[Formula Asia]], [[British Formula Ford Championship|British Formula Ford]] and Opel series in his single-seater career. He won the British Formula Ford Winter Series in 1994 and Formula Asia Championship in 1996.

In 1994, Karthikeyan returned to the [[United Kingdom|UK]], racing in the Formula Ford Zetec series as the number two works Vector driver for the Foundation Racing team. The highlight of the season was a podium finish in a support race for the [[Portuguese Grand Prix]] held at [[Estoril]]. He also took part in the British Formula Ford Winter Series, and became the first Indian driver to win any championship in Europe.

In 1995, Karthikeyan graduated to the Formula Asia Championship for just four races. However, he showed pace immediately and was able to finish second in the race at [[Shah Alam]], [[Malaysia]]. In 1996, he had a full season in the series and became the first Indian and the first Asian to win the Formula Asia International series. He moved back to Britain in 1997 to compete in the British Formula Opel Championship with the Nemesis Motorsport team, taking a [[pole position]] and win at [[Donington Park]] and finishing sixth in the overall points standings.

In [[1998 British Formula 3 season|1998]], Karthikeyan made his debut in the [[British Formula 3 Championship]] with the [[Carlin Motorsport]] team. Competing in only ten rounds, he managed two third-place finishes in the final two races of the season, at [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]] and [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]], to finish 12th overall. He continued in the championship for [[1999 British Formula 3 season|1999]], finishing on the podium five times, including two wins at [[Brands Hatch]]. His season also included two pole positions, three fastest laps and two lap records, helping him to sixth in the championship. He also competed in the [[Macau Grand Prix]], qualifying in sixth position and finishing sixth in the second race. He was the first racing driver to record a win for Carlin in British F3 ever since then Carlin have been invincible in terms of race wins in the British F3 Championship. Continuing his drive in the British F3 Championship in 2000, he finished fourth overall in the standings, and also took pole position and fastest laps in the Macau Grand Prix. He also won both the International F3 race at Spa-Francorchamps and the [[Korea Super Prix]].

Karthikeyan started 2001 in the Formula Nippon F3000 Championship, finishing the year amongst the top ten. In the same year, he became the first Indian to ever drive a Formula One car, testing for the [[Jaguar Racing]] team at Silverstone on 14 June. Impressed with his performance, he was then offered a test drive in the [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] EJ11 at Silverstone in September. Karthikeyan again tested for Jordan, at [[Mugello Circuit|Mugello]] in [[Italy]] on 5 October, finishing just half a second off the pace off Jordan's lead driver [[Jean Alesi]].

In 2002, Karthikeyan moved into the [[World Series by Nissan|Telefónica World Series]] with Team Tata RC Motorsport, taking a pole position and setting the fastest non-Formula One lap time at the [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]] Circuit in [[Brazil]]. Continuing in the renamed [[World Series by Nissan|Superfund World Series]] in 2003, Karthikeyan got four podium finishes on his way to fourth overall in the championship. These results earned him another Formula One test drive, this time with the [[Minardi]] team. He was offered a race drive for the [[2004 Formula One season|2004 season]], but was unable to raise the necessary sponsorship funds to seal the deal.

Karthikeyan continued in the Nissan World Series in 2004, taking wins in [[Circuit de Valencia|Valencia]], [[Spain]] and [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|Magny-Cours]], [[France]], and finished 6th in the standings, and also made a single appearance in the [[2004 FIA GT Championship|FIA GT Championship]] for Scuderia Veregra, partnering [[Anthony Beltoise]] and Maktoum Hasher Al Maktoum at the [[2004 FIA GT Dubai 500km|Dubai 500km]], finishing 11th in class and 19th overall.

==Formula One career==

===Jordan (2005)===

[[File:Karthikeyan (Jordan) locking brakes in qualifying at USGP 2005.jpg|thumb|right|Karthikeyan locking his brakes during qualifying at the [[2005 United States Grand Prix]]]]
On 1 February 2005, Karthikeyan announced that he had signed a preliminary deal with the [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]] Formula One team and said that he would be their main driver for the [[2005 Formula One season]], making him India's first Formula One racing driver.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.grandprix.com/news/karthekiyan-to-be-signed-by-jordan-midland.html|title=Karthekiyan to be signed by Jordan Midland|access-date=19 May 2023|date=1 February 2005|archive-date=17 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817070354/https://www.grandprix.com/news/karthekiyan-to-be-signed-by-jordan-midland.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His partner was Portuguese driver [[Tiago Monteiro]]. Karthikeyan completed the necessary testing distance of 300 km in an [[Formula One cars|F1 car]] in order to gain his superlicence at the [[Silverstone Circuit]] on 10 February.

In his first race, the [[2005 Australian Grand Prix|Australian Grand Prix]], Karthikeyan qualified in 12th position. After a poor start which saw him drop to 18th place by the end of the first lap, he finished in 15th, two laps behind winner [[Giancarlo Fisichella]]. He achieved his only points in the [[2005 United States Grand Prix]] where all but three teams pulled out due to an argument over tyre safety. He finished fourth, finishing ahead of the two Minardi drivers but behind teammate Monteiro. Apart from the USGP, his highest finish was 11th place. In the [[2005 Japanese Grand Prix]] free practice, he was fastest for a long period and eventually qualified 11th. At the [[2005 Chinese Grand Prix]] he qualified in 15th place. In an unlucky end to his 2005 season, Karthikeyan crashed his Jordan into a wall at the Chinese race, but was unhurt and able to provide an interview afterwards.

Because the Jordan team was taken over and renamed [[Midland F1 Racing|Midland]] for the 2006 season, the management change prompted some doubt over Karthikeyan's future at the team. Near the end of 2005, he announced he would not be driving for Midland the following year allegedly due to their demand that he pay as much as $11.7 million to secure his seat on the team.

On 8 December 2005, Karthikeyan tested for Williams at Spain and finished fifth, outpacing the confirmed Williams second driver, [[Nico Rosberg]], who finished ninth. On 27 January 2006, Williams confirmed Karthikeyan as their fourth driver.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://newsonf1.net/2006/news/01/jan27w.htm |title=Williams Confirms Narain Karthikeyan |publisher=NewsOnF1.com |access-date=4 May 2006 |date=27 January 2006 |archive-date=26 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526023054/http://newsonf1.net/2006/news/01/jan27w.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> He was to perform testing duties for the team alongside [[Alexander Wurz]] who had been confirmed earlier as the team's third driver. He was retained as a reserve test driver for Williams alongside [[Kazuki Nakajima]] in [[2007 Formula One season|2007]].<ref name="Karthikeyan">{{cite news | url =http://www.formula1.com/news/5017.html | title =Williams retain Karthikeyan for 2007 | date =28 September 2006 | access-date =28 September 2006 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190821215030/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest.html | archive-date =21 August 2019 | url-status =dead }}</ref> Karthikeyan said he was "blown away" by the difference between Formula One's stragglers and a top-flight team.<ref name="blown">{{cite news |url=http://newsonf1.net/2006/news/01/jan27w.htm |title=Karthikeyan 'Blown away' by F1 contrast |publisher=F1racing.net |access-date=24 October 2006 |date=12 December 2006 |archive-date=26 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526023054/http://newsonf1.net/2006/news/01/jan27w.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Karthikeyan was a [[Williams F1]] test driver in {{F1|2006}} and {{F1|2007}}.

Like several other former F1 drivers, Karthikeyan moved to [[stock car racing]] and drove the No. 60 [[Safe Auto Insurance Company]] [[Toyota Tundra]] for [[Wyler Racing]] in the 2010 [[NASCAR]] [[Camping World Truck Series]].

===HRT (2011–2012)===

[[File:Narain Karthikeyan 2011 Malaysia FP2.jpg|thumb|left|Karthikeyan driving for [[HRT F1|Hispania]] at the {{f1 gp|2011|Malaysian}}.]]
Later in 2007, Karthikeyan was linked with the [[Spyker F1|Spyker]] (previously Jordan) Formula One team after their driver [[Christijan Albers]] was fired,<ref>{{cite news| title =Karthikeyan versus Piquet for Spyker| publisher =grandprix.com| url =http://www.grandprix.com/ns/ns19398.html| date =10 July 2007| access-date =12 July 2007| archive-date =26 May 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20230526201750/https://www.grandprix.com/ns/ns19398.html| url-status =live}}</ref> although [[Sakon Yamamoto]] got the drive. Due to the withdrawal of support of [[Williams F1]] by [[Tata Group|Tata]] (Karthikeyan's main sponsor), Nakajima was given the lion's share of testing duties and Karthikeyan was sidelined.

When the Spyker F1 team was bought out by [[Vijay Mallya]] towards the end of 2007, Karthikeyan had been linked with a drive with the new [[Force India]] Formula One team in 2008. However, he did not even get to test for the team. He was also linked to a drive with the [[Super Aguri]] team in January 2008, as one of the terms of an Indian consortium investing in the team. The deal was not agreed and he continued to drive for A1 Team India. He was India's only Formula One driver until the [[2010 Formula One season|2010 season]], when [[Karun Chandhok]] signed to drive for the [[HRT F1|Hispania Racing F1 Team]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Noble|first=Jonathan|title=Chandhok announced as HRT driver|work=Autosport|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/81842|date=4 March 2010|access-date=4 March 2010|archive-date=5 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705024955/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/81842|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== 2011 ====
[[File:Hispania F111 Kartikeyan 2011 Spanish GP-2.jpg|thumb|right|Karthikeyan driving for HRT at the [[2011 Spanish Grand Prix]].]]
On 6 January 2011, Karthikeyan announced that he would drive for the Hispania team in the {{F1|2011}} season,<ref>{{cite news|last=Noble|first=Jonathan|title=Karthikeyan signs race deal with HRT|work=Autosport|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/88821|date=6 January 2011|access-date=6 January 2011|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223219/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/88821|url-status=live}}</ref> following five years away from active involvement in the championship. He confirmed the deal via his [[Twitter]] page, saying it would be a "dream come true to race in front of the home crowd in the Indian GP in October," and adding that the support of financial backers [[Tata Group]] had been "instrumental".<ref>{{cite news|last=Weeks|first=Jimmy|title=KARTHIKEYAN LANDS HISPANIA DRIVE FOR 2011|work=F1Badger.com|url=http://www.f1badger.com/2011/01/karthikeyan-lands-hispania-drive-for-2011/|date=6 January 2011|access-date=6 January 2011|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111104602/http://www.f1badger.com/2011/01/karthikeyan-lands-hispania-drive-for-2011/|archive-date=11 January 2011}}</ref>

Driving for a small team, along with the increasing reliability of modern Formula 1 cars, meant that Karthikeyan twice set the record for the lowest placed finisher in a Formula 1 event.<ref>{{cite news| title =European Grand Prix from the pit lane| publisher =BBC| url =https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/13921387.stm| date =26 June 2011| access-date =26 June 2011| archive-date =12 September 2019| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190912223211/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/13921387.stm| url-status =live}}</ref> The first occurrence was during the [[2011 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese Grand Prix]] where the single retirement of [[Jaime Alguersuari]] meant Karthikeyan finished in 23rd place, after he was overtaken by teammate [[Vitantonio Liuzzi]] on the final lap. However, in the [[2011 European Grand Prix|European Grand Prix]] there were no retirements meaning that Karthikeyan once again broke the record by being the 24th car to cross the finish line.

On 30 June 2011, Karthikeyan was replaced by [[Daniel Ricciardo]] for the remaining races of the season except the [[2011 Indian Grand Prix|Indian Grand Prix]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/92740 |date=30 June 2011 |title=Hispania confirms Daniel Ricciardo will race for it from Silverstone |work=[[Autosport]] |archive-date=11 October 2012 |access-date=1 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011093113/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/92740 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2011/9/12539.html |date=17 September 2011 |title=Karthikeyan to race in India for HRT |publisher=[[Formula One]] |access-date=23 September 2011 |archive-date=29 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929221215/http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2011/9/12539.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> but participated in Friday first practice in [[2011 German Grand Prix|Germany]], [[2011 Singapore Grand Prix|Singapore]], [[2011 Japanese Grand Prix|Japan]] and [[2011 Korean Grand Prix|Korea]].

On 23 October 2011, it was confirmed that Karthikeyan would replace Liuzzi for the [[2011 Indian Grand Prix|Indian Grand Prix]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manipef1.com/news/articles/12708/|date=23 October 2011|title=Karthikeyan to replace Liuzzi for Indian GP|publisher=ManipeF1.com|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028160200/http://www.manipef1.com/news/articles/12708/|archive-date=28 October 2011}}</ref> Karthikeyan was outqualifed by Ricciardo by 0.022 secs to qualify 22nd.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.formula1.com/results/season/2011/863/6938/ |date=29 October 2011 |title=2011 Airtel Formula 1 Grand Prix of India Qualifying Results |publisher=[[Formula One]] |access-date=9 November 2011 |archive-date=24 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024203035/http://www.formula1.com/results/season/2011/863/6938/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, Karthikeyan started 24th and last due to blocking [[Michael Schumacher]] in qualifying.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/95760|first=Pablo|last=Elizalde|title=Karthikeyan penalised for impeding Schumacher during qualifying|work=[[Autosport]]|date=29 October 2011|access-date=9 November 2011|archive-date=30 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030051206/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/95760|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite picking up damage in the first lap of the race,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaformula1.com/2011/10/karthikeyan-proved-his-worth-at-indian.html |date=30 October 2011 |title=Karthikeyan proved his worth at the Indian Grand Prix 2011 |publisher=aaformula1.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102134345/http://www.aaformula1.com/2011/10/karthikeyan-proved-his-worth-at-indian.html |archive-date=2 November 2011}}</ref> Karthikeyan managed to beat Ricciardo by 31.8 seconds in the race to finish 17th.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.formula1.com/results/season/2011/863/6939/live_timing_popup.html |date=30 October 2011 |title=2011 Airtel Formula 1 Grand Prix of India Race (Timing Archive) |publisher=[[Formula One]] |access-date=9 November 2011 |archive-date=1 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101122255/http://www.formula1.com/results/season/2011/863/6939/live_timing_popup.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Liuzzi returned to replace Karthikeyan ahead of the [[2011 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix|Abu Dhabi Grand Prix]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gulfnews.com/sport/motorsport/liuzzi-braces-for-tricky-yas-circuit-1.925642 |date=8 November 2011 |title=Liuzzi braces for 'tricky' Yas circuit |work=[[Gulf News]] |access-date=9 November 2011 |archive-date=26 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526203121/https://gulfnews.com/sport/motorsport/liuzzi-braces-for-tricky-yas-circuit-1.925642 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== 2012 ====

[[File:Narain Karthikeyan 2012 Malaysia FP2.jpg|thumb|right|Karthikeyan driving for HRT at the [[2012 Malaysian Grand Prix]].]]

On 3 February 2012, it was confirmed that Karthikeyan had again signed for the HRT team for the [[2012 Formula One season|2012 season]] partnering [[Pedro de la Rosa]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/16870272 |title=Narain Karthikeyan joins HRT F1 team for 2012 season |date=3 February 2012 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=13 October 2017 |archive-date=26 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526094346/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/16870272 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In the [[2012 Australian Grand Prix|Australian Grand Prix]], he and teammate [[Pedro de la Rosa]] were unable to qualify. In [[2012 Malaysian Grand Prix|Malaysia]], both the HRTs managed to qualify, with Karthikeyan starting 23rd due to a 5-place gear box penalty for [[Heikki Kovalainen]], the start was wet and the HRTs gambled to start the race on full wet tyres, whilst the other cars started on intermediate tyres. As the rain increased that gamble paid off as other cars had to pit for full wets which promoted Karthikeyan to a points-paying tenth place before the safety car then red flag came out for heavy rain. At the restart, after a few more laps behind the safety car, the track was dry enough for intermediate tyres and a few drivers pitted as the safety car came back in, however Karthikeyan stayed out and was as high as 5th place at one point, before [[McLaren]]'s [[Jenson Button]] crashed into him whilst they were racing for position. Karthikeyan suffered damage however, but he pitted for intermediate tyres which dropped him to the back of the field, bar teammate de la Rosa who had a served a drive-through penalty. On lap 47, [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'s [[Sebastian Vettel]] received a puncture after hitting Karthikeyan's front wing, whilst lapping him and Vettel was forced to pit and replaced the punctured tyre which put Vettel down from fourth place, finishing 11th; Karthikeyan finished the race in 21st, however he was given a 20-second post-race penalty for his part in the collision, which meant he dropped to 22nd and last, behind de la Rosa.

Post-race, Vettel and Red Bull boss [[Christian Horner]] criticised Karthikeyan's driving, with Vettel calling Karthikeyan an "idiot".<ref>{{cite news| title =Sebastian Vettel criticises 'idiot' backmarker in Malaysian GP| publisher =BBC| url =https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/17506568| date =26 March 2012| access-date =30 March 2012| archive-date =30 March 2012| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120330223024/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/17506568| url-status =live}}</ref> Karthikeyan hit back at Vettel, calling him a "cry-baby".<ref name=crybaby>{{cite news| title =Karthikeyan keen to move on from Vettel 'cry baby' comment| publisher =BBC| url =https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/17550940| date =30 March 2012| access-date =30 March 2012| archive-date =30 March 2012| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120330223000/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/17550940| url-status =live}}</ref> Later, Kartikeyan decided to call a truce with Vettel, stating his respect for Vettel's abilities and saying "I think we have to deal with it in a mature way and forget about it."<ref name=crybaby/>

Kartikeyan qualified last for the following five races (bar in [[2012 Spanish Grand Prix|Spain]] where [[Lewis Hamilton]] was excluded from qualifying and in [[2012 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] where [[Sergio Pérez]] crashed without setting a time) however he started 24th and last twice (in [[2012 Bahrain Grand Prix|Bahrain]] and [[2012 Canadian Grand Prix|Canada]]) due to other drivers picking up grid penalties. In [[2012 Chinese Grand Prix|China]] he finished 22nd, ahead of [[Caterham F1|Caterham]]'s [[Heikki Kovalainen]]. In [[2012 Bahrain Grand Prix|Bahrain]], he finished 21st and was classified ahead of the [[Williams F1|Williams]] of [[Bruno Senna]] who retired due to brake issues. In [[2012 Spanish Grand Prix|Spain]] he retired after a wheel nut failure on lap 22 due to a botched pit stop. In [[2012 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] he started 22nd, ahead of Perez and the penalised [[Pastor Maldonado]] and finished the race in 15th, classified ahead of [[McLaren]]'s [[Jenson Button]] who retired after collision damage with Kovalainen. In [[2012 Canadian Grand Prix|Canada]] he retired for the second time in the season after suffering a brake failure on lap 22 which made him spin in turn 1 and stop later on in the lap. His teammate [[Pedro de la Rosa]] retired with a similar issue two laps later.

[[File:Narain Karthikeyan, United States Grand Prix, Austin 2012.jpg|thumb|left|Karthikeyan at the [[2012 United States Grand Prix|2012 US Grand Prix]]]]

At the [[2012 European Grand Prix|European Grand Prix]] Karthikeyan for the first time in the season qualified 22nd, ahead of the [[Marussia F1|Marussia]] of [[Charles Pic]], with [[Timo Glock]] missing qualifying and the race due to illness. He finished the race in 18th, behind Pic and de la Rosa but classified ahead of [[Lewis Hamilton]] who retired after crashing out with two laps remaining. He finished the next 3 races as the final classified finisher before retiring in [[2012 Hungarian Grand Prix|Hungary]] due to broken suspension. He qualified last in [[2012 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgium]], before running as high as 13th during the race, with good pace, before crashing out on lap 30 in broken suspension. He out-qualified his teammate de la Rosa for the first time this year at [[2012 Italian Grand Prix|Monza]], but ended up finishing behind him in 19th. He out-qualified him again at [[2012 Singapore Grand Prix|Singapore]], this time by over a second, but crashed out at turn 16 on lap 30.

Karthikeyan qualified in 24th at [[2012 Japanese Grand Prix|Suzuka]], having crashed in practice and therefore having to use an old-spec chassis floor. He was running ahead of Pic and de la Rosa for quite some time until retiring with vibrations on lap 32. He did a one-stop strategy in [[2012 Korean Grand Prix|Korea]] and finished last in 20th, almost a lap behind Pic in 19th. In [[2012 Indian Grand Prix|India]] he once again finished last, running with minor wing damage from a collision at the first corner. He retired in spectacular fashion on lap 9 in [[2012 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix|Abu Dhabi]] after his steering broke and he was rear-ended by [[Nico Rosberg]]. He qualified 24th in [[2012 United States Grand Prix|Austin]] amid fears that both he and his teammate would be outside the 107% time after struggling to heat the tyres in practice on the brand-new circuit, and then finished last in 22nd, also being accused by Vettel of holding him up when being lapped and allowing [[Lewis Hamilton]] to take the lead. He qualified 23rd in [[2012 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazil]] and peaked as high as 11th during the incident-packed opening stint of the race. He eventually dropped back and finished last in 18th. He finished the season in 24th, with zero points.

From 2014–2018, Karthikeyan raced in Japanese [[Super Formula]] series.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 February 2014 |title=Narain Karthikeyan to race in 2014 Super Formula season |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-narain-karthikeyan-to-race-in-2014-super-formula-season-1959619 |work=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref> In 2019, he ended his single-seater career by joining [[Super GT]] series in Japan.

==Other events and races==

===IRL test===
In 2005, Karthikeyan tested an [[Indy Racing League]] (IRL) car for the [[Red Bull Cheever Racing]] team for the [[Indianapolis 500]] race and was offered $500,000 as an initial fee, but the deal was not completed.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}

===A1 GP===
In 2007, Karthikeyan also drove for [[A1 Team India]]. He made his A1 GP debut in New Zealand and he finished tenth in the sprint race and seventh in the Feature Race.<ref>{{cite news| title =With change of heart, Narain says yes to A-1| work =Hindustan Times| url =http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1902102,00070011.htm| date =16 January 2007| access-date =17 January 2007| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070930050046/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1902102,00070011.htm| archive-date =30 September 2007}}</ref>

[[File:A1 Grand Prix, Kyalami - India.jpg|thumb|right|Karthikeyan competing for [[A1 Team India]] at the [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, South Africa]].]]
Karthikeyan won the A1GP of [[Zhuhai]] (China) for Team India on 16 December 2007.
This was India's first A1GP win.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/159637.html|title=Earth Times: show/159637.html|work=earthtimes.org|access-date=1 December 2016|archive-date=29 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829121808/http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/159637.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Karthikeyan is also the first to take pole position for India in the A1GP. He got pole in the feature race in Brands Hatch in 2008.
Karthikeyan won two feature races in the 2007–2008 season, including the season finale at Brands Hatch starting from pole position. This helped India finish in the top-ten, ahead of such as Australia, Brazil, China and Italy.

The fourth season for Team India was disastrous as the team lost its title sponsor, which resulted in severe financial constraints. On 3 May 2009 A1 Team India finished the season with a podium finish in the Sprint Race at Brands Hatch. Karthikeyan qualified the A1 Team India car in seventh place on the starting grid for the race. The Feature Race ended abruptly for Karthikeyan, as he was taken out by the spinning car of A1 Team China in front of him on the first corner of the first lap.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.a1teamindia.in/displayArticle.php?id=107&PHPSESSID=e3c8d397a0a4d6013e7c8dd55a4fe998 |title=A1Teamindia |access-date=14 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009220336/http://www.a1teamindia.in/displayArticle.php?id=107&PHPSESSID=1eecfb8ce0cef04838332b3f702087a5 |archive-date=9 October 2009}}</ref>

The team finished 12th overall in the 2008–09 season.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.a1teamindia.in/inner.php?id=70&tid=4 |title=A1Teamindia |access-date=14 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009121825/http://www.a1teamindia.in/inner.php?id=70&tid=4 |archive-date=9 October 2008}}</ref>

===24 Hours of Le Mans===
In the second week of March 2009, Karthikeyan tested for the Kolles Le Mans Team. It was later confirmed that for the 2009 season, he would be partnered by [[Charles Zwolsman, Jr.]] and Andrew Meyrick. Team Kolles – headed by ex-[[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]], [[Midland F1|Midland]] and [[Force India]] Team Principal [[Colin Kolles]] – took part in the championship with two [[Audi R10 TDI|Audi R10]] turbo diesel machines. The car boasted a successful racing history with three Le Mans 24h victories and 22 individual race wins to its name. Team Kolles joined the championship for the first time in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/207721/karthikeyan-invited-to-kolles-le-mans-test/ |title=Karthikeyan invited to Kolles Le Mans test
|publisher=GPUpdate.net |date=4 March 2009 |access-date=31 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.gpupdate.net/en/le-mans-series-news/209343/albers-signs-with-kolles-le-mans-team/ |title=Albers signs with Kolles Le Mans team |publisher=GPUpdate.net |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=31 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.planetlemans.com/2009/03/31/team-kolles-confirms-drivers-and-audi-r10-livery/ |title=Team Kolles confirms drivers and Audi R10 livery |date=31 March 2009|work=planetlemans.com|access-date=1 December 2016|archive-date=27 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127065748/http://www.planetlemans.com/2009/03/31/team-kolles-confirms-drivers-and-audi-r10-livery/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 11 May 2009, Karthikeyan finished sixth in his first ever Le Mans series race while driving for the Kolles Audi team in the second round of the 2009 championship held at the Spa-Francorchamps circuit in Belgium.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090512/jsp/sports/story_10950591.jsp | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104211801/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090512/jsp/sports/story_10950591.jsp | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 January 2013 | location=Calcutta, India | work=The Telegraph | title=Karthikeyan does well to finish 6th | date=12 May 2009}}</ref>
On 14 June 2009, Karthikeyan dislocated his shoulder in a fall just before the start of the 24 Hours of Le Mans. He had come up with strong performances in the practice and the qualifying, and was scheduled to do the opening double stint. At 1:00 am the ACO organisation declared him unsuitable to drive, even though the Audi doctor approved it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.f1technical.net/news/12640|title=Karthikeyan rejected to drive at Le Mans |work=f1technical.net|date=13 June 2009 |access-date=1 December 2016}}</ref>

===NASCAR===
Karthikeyan made his [[NASCAR]] debut at [[Martinsville Speedway]] on 27 March 2010 driving in the Kroger 250 [[Camping World Truck Series]] for [[Wyler Racing]] in the No. 60 [[Safe Auto Insurance Company]] [[Chevrolet Silverado]]. Qualifying was rained out and the field set by 2009 owner points, putting the first Indian-born driver to compete in [[NASCAR]] in the 11th starting spot. After a slow start and coming to grips with driving a race truck and racing on an American oval short track for the first time, Karthikeyan did manage to put in a very respectable effort and finished on the lead lap in 13th place. Karthikeyan went on to win the [[NASCAR]] [[Camping World Truck Series]] Most Popular Driver Award for the 2010 season which was voted by the fans, becoming the first foreign-born driver to win the award.

===Superleague Formula===
Karthikeyan drove for the [[PSV Eindhoven (Superleague Formula team)|PSV Eindhoven]] team in [[Superleague Formula|SLF]] in [[2010 Superleague Formula season|2010]]. He won the 2nd race at [[Brands Hatch]], Great Britain and finished 16th in the Championship on 288 points, taking part in six of the twelve race weekends.
[[File:Narain Karthikeyan 2014 Super Formula Motegi Warm-up.jpg|thumbnail|right|Karthikeyan during the [[2014 Super Formula season]].]]

===Auto GP===
Karthikeyan drove for [[Zele Racing]] and [[Super Nova Racing]] in the [[Auto GP]] series in 2013. After switching from Zele Racing to [[Super Nova Racing]], in the latter part of the series, he won five races and secure four pole positions and in the process finished fourth in the championship & became the highest points scorer in the second half of the season.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-narain-karthikeyan-ends-auto-gp-season-with-five-wins-1899536 | work=DNA India | title=Narain Karthikeyan ends Auto GP season with five wins | date=6 October 2013}}</ref>

===Super Formula===
In 2014, Karthikeyan returned to the Japanese Top Formula series [[Super Formula]] for the first time since 2001 with the same [[impul|Team IMPUL]]. In the 2015 season, Karthikeyan moved to [[Honda]]-powered [[NTT DoCoMo|Docomo]] [[Dandelion Racing|Team Dandelion]]. Karthikeyan moved to Sunoco Team LeMans for the 2016 season after DoCoMo Dandelion Racing chose McLaren Honda F1 Reserve Stoffel Vandoorne.

===Super GT===
In 2019, Karthikeyan raced with Nakajima Racing for one race, winning the Fuji Super GT x DTM Dream Race in Fuji, gaining the fastest lap during the race. He then raced with Modulo Epson NSX-GT Team for 8 races, gaining one podium.

== Awards ==
The [[Government of India]] awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 2010.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web |year=2015 |title=Padma Awards |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref>

==Racing record==

===Career summary===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center"
! Season
! Series
! Team
! Races
! Wins
! Poles
! F/Laps
! Podiums
! Points
! Position
|-
!rowspan=2| 1992
|align=left| Indian Formula Maruti
|align=left| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| 1
| ?
| ?
|-
|align=left nowrap| Pilote Elf Competition for Formula Renault
|align=left| ?
| ?
| 1
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
!rowspan=2| 1993
|align=left| Indian Formula Maruti
|align=left| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
|align=left| British Formula Vauxhall Junior
|align=left| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
!rowspan=2| 1994
|align=left| Formula Ford Zetec
|align=left| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| 1
| ?
| ?
|-
|align=left| [[British Formula Ford Championship|British Formula Ford Winter Series]]
|align=left| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''1st'''
|-
! 1995
|align=left| [[Formula Asia]]
|align=left| ?
| 4
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
! 1996
|align=left| [[Formula Asia]]
|align=left nowrap| [[Meritus.GP|Marlboro Castrol Meritus Racing Team]]
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
| ?
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''1st'''
|-
! 1997
|align=left| British Formula Vauxhall
|align=left| Nemesis Racing
| ?
| 1
| ?
| ?
| 2
| 43
| 8th
|-
!rowspan="3"| 1998
|rowspan="2" align=left| [[1998 British Formula 3 season|British Formula 3 Championship]]
|align="left"| Intersport
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| rowspan="2" | 44
| rowspan="2" | 12th
|-
| align="left" |[[Carlin Motorsport]]
| 6
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 2
|-
|align=left| [[1998 Macau Grand Prix|Macau Grand Prix]]
|align=left| [[Carlin Motorsport]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 11th
|-
!rowspan=6| 1999
|align=left| [[1999 British Formula 3 season|British Formula 3 Championship]]
|align=left| [[Carlin Motorsport]]
| 16
| 2
| 2
| 3
| 4
| 104
| 6th
|-
|align=left| [[1999 Macau Grand Prix|Macau Grand Prix]]
|align=left| [[Paul Stewart (racing driver)|Stewart Racing]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 14th
|-
|align=left| [[1999 Masters of Formula 3|Masters of Formula 3]]
|align=left| [[Carlin Motorsport]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 16th
|-
|align=left| MRF Madras Formula 3 Grand Prix
|align=left|
| 4
| 2
| ?
| ?
| 2
| ?
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| '''3rd'''
|-
|align=left| [[1999 Pau Grand Prix|Pau Grand Prix]]
|align=left| [[Carlin Motorsport]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| NC
|-
|align=left| [[1999 Korea Super Prix|Korea Super Prix]]
|align=left| [[Paul Stewart (racing driver)|Stewart Racing]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| NC
|-
!rowspan=5| 2000
|align=left| [[2000 British Formula 3 season|British Formula 3 Championship]]
|align=left| [[Paul Stewart (racing driver)|Stewart Racing]]
| 14
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 4
| 100
| 4th
|-
|align=left| [[2000 Macau Grand Prix|Macau Grand Prix]]
|align=left| [[Paul Stewart (racing driver)|Stewart Racing]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| NC
|-
|align=left| [[French Formula 3 Championship]]
|align=left| [[Carlin Motorsport]]
| 2
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| ?
| ?
|-
|align=left| [[2000 Masters of Formula 3|Masters of Formula 3]]
|align=left| [[Paul Stewart (racing driver)|Stewart Racing]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 19th
|-
|align=left| [[Korea Super Prix]]
|align=left| [[Carlin Motorsport]]
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''1st'''
|-
!rowspan=2| 2001
|align=left| [[2001 Formula Nippon season|Formula Nippon]]
|align=left| [[Team Impul]]
| 10
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 2
| 14th
|-
|align=left| [[Korea Super Prix]]
|align=left| [[Carlin Motorsport]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 9th
|-
!rowspan=2| 2002
|align=left| [[2002 World Series by Nissan season|World Series by Nissan]]
|align=left| [[RC Motorsport|Tata RC Motorsport]]
| 18
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 51
| 9th
|-
|align=left| [[2002 Macau Grand Prix|Macau Grand Prix]]
|align=left| [[Carlin Motorsport]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| NC
|-
!rowspan=2| 2003
|align=left| [[2003 World Series by Nissan season|World Series by Nissan]]
|align=left| [[Carlin Motorsport]]
| 18
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 4
| 121
| 4th
|-
|align=left| [[2002 Macau Grand Prix|Macau Grand Prix]]
|align=left| [[Carlin Motorsport]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| WD
|-
!rowspan=2| 2004
|align=left| [[2004 World Series by Nissan season|World Series by Nissan]]
|align=left| [[RC Motorsport|Tata RC Motorsport]]
| 18
| 2
| 1
| 0
| 4
| 100
| 6th
|-
|align=left| [[2004 FIA GT Championship|FIA GT Championship]]
|align=left| Scuderia Veregra
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 54th
|-
! 2005
|align=left| [[2005 Formula One season|Formula One]]
|align=left| [[Jordan Grand Prix]]
| 19
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 5
| 18th
|-
! 2006
|align=left| [[2006 Formula One season|Formula One]]
|align=left| [[WilliamsF1|Williams F1 Team]]
|colspan=7| Test driver
|-
! nowrap| 2006–07
|align=left| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix season|A1 Grand Prix]]
|align=left| [[A1 Team India]]
| 10
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 13
| 16th
|-
! 2007
|align=left| [[2007 Formula One season|Formula One]]
|align=left| [[WilliamsF1|Williams F1 Team]]
|colspan=7| Test driver
|-
! 2007–08
|align=left| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix season|A1 Grand Prix]]
|align=left| [[A1 Team India]]
| 18
| 2
| 1
| 0
| 2
| 61
| 10th
|-
! 2008–09
|align=left| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix season|A1 Grand Prix]]
|align=left| [[A1 Team India]]
| 12
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 19
| 12th
|-
!rowspan=2| 2009
|align=left| [[2009 Le Mans Series|Le Mans Series]]
|align=left| [[Kodewa|Kolles]]
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 11
| 19th
|-
|align=left| [[2009 24 Hours of Le Mans|24 Hours of Le Mans]]
|align=left| [[Kodewa|Kolles]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| N/A
| 7th
|-
!rowspan=2| 2010
|align=left| [[2010 Superleague Formula season|Superleague Formula]]
|align=left| [[PSV Eindhoven (Superleague Formula team)|PSV Eindhoven]]
| 12
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 288
| 16th
|-
|align=left| [[2010 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series|NASCAR Camping World Truck Series]]
|align=left| [[Wyler Racing]]
| 9
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 963
| 30th
|-
! 2011
|align=left| [[2011 Formula One season|Formula One]]
|align=left| [[HRT F1|HRT Formula 1 Team]]
| 9
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 26th
|-
! 2012
|align=left| [[2012 Formula One season|Formula One]]
|align=left| [[HRT F1|HRT Formula 1 Team]]
| 20
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 24th
|-
!rowspan=2| 2013
|rowspan=2 align=left| [[2013 Auto GP season|Auto GP]]
|align=left| [[Zele Racing]]
| 6
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|rowspan=2| 195
|rowspan=2| 4th
|-
|align=left| [[Super Nova Racing|Super Nova International]]
| 10
| 5
| 4
| 2
| 7
|-
! 2014
|align=left| [[2014 Super Formula season|Super Formula]]
|align=left| [[Lenovo]] [[Impul|Team Impul]]
| 9
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 5
| 13th
|-
! 2015
|align=left| [[2015 Super Formula season|Super Formula]]
|align=left| [[NTT DoCoMo|Docomo]] [[Dandelion Racing|Team Dandelion Racing]]
| 8
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 6
| 11th
|-
! 2016
|align=left| [[2016 Super Formula season|Super Formula]]
|align=left| [[Sunoco]] [[Team LeMans]]
| 9
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 5
| 14th
|-
! 2016–17
|align=left nowrap| [[2016–17 MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship|MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship]]
|align=left| [[MRF Racing]]
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| NC†
|-
! 2017
|align=left| [[2017 Super Formula Championship|Super Formula]]
|align=left| [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]] [[Nakajima Racing]]
| 7
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 19th
|-
! 2018
|align=left| [[2018 Super Formula Championship|Super Formula]]
|align=left| [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]] [[Nakajima Racing]]
| 6
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 4
| 15th
|-
!rowspan=2| 2019
|align=left| [[2019 Super GT Series|Super GT - GT500]]
|rowspan=2 align=left| [[Nakajima Racing|Modulo Nakajima Racing]]
| 8
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 23.5
| 12th
|-
|align=left| Super GT × DTM Dream Race – Race 2
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| N/A
| style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''1st'''
|-
! 2021
|align=left| [[2021 Asian Le Mans Series|Asian Le Mans Series - LMP2]]
|align=left| [[Algarve Pro Racing|Racing Team India]]
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 42
| 6th
|-
!2025–26
| align="left" |[[2025–26 Asian Le Mans Series|Asian Le Mans Series - LMP3]]
| align="left" |Team Virage
| 6
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 10
| 18th
|-
!2026
| align="left" |[[2026 Le Mans Cup|Le Mans Cup - LMP3]]
| align="left" |Ajith RedAnt Racing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
† As Karthikeyan was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points.


===Complete British Formula Three Championship results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]])
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Entrant
! Chassis
! Engine
! Class
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! DC
! Points
|-
| rowspan=2| [[1998 British Formula Three Championship|1998]]
! nowrap| Intersport
! nowrap| [[Dallara|Dallara F398]]
! nowrap| [[Opel|Opel Spiess]]
! rowspan=2| A
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Donington Park|DON]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Thruxton Circuit|THR]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL]] {{small|Ret}}
|[[Brands Hatch|BRH]]
|[[Brands Hatch|BRH]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Oulton Park|OUL]] {{small|Ret}}
|[[Silverstone Circuit|SIL]]
|[[Croft Circuit|CRO]]
|[[Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit|SNE]]
|[[Silverstone Circuit|SIL]]
|colspan=6|
!rowspan=2| 12th
!rowspan=2| 44
|-
! nowrap| [[Carlin Motorsport]]
! nowrap| [[Dallara|Dallara F398]]
! nowrap| [[Mugen Motorsports|Mugen]]-[[Honda]]
|colspan=10|
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Pembrey Circuit|PEM]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Pembrey Circuit|PEM]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Donington Park|DON]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Thruxton Circuit|THR]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Spa-Francorchamps|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL]] {{small|3}}
|-
| [[1999 British Formula Three Championship|1999]]
! nowrap| [[Carlin Motorsport]]
! nowrap| [[Dallara|Dallara F399]]
! nowrap| [[Mugen Motorsports|Mugen]]-[[Honda]]
! A
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Donington Park|DON]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Thruxton Circuit|THR]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| '''''[[Brands Hatch|BRH]]''''' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''''[[Brands Hatch|BRH]]''''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Oulton Park|OUL]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Croft Circuit|CRO]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| ''[[Brands Hatch|BRH]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit|SNE]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Pembrey Circuit|PEM]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Pembrey Circuit|PEM]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Donington Park|DON]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Spa-Francorchamps|SPA]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Thruxton Circuit|THR]] {{small|Ret}}
! 6th
! 104
|-
| [[2000 British Formula Three Championship|2000]]
! nowrap| [[Stewart Racing]]
! nowrap| [[Dallara|Dallara F399]]
! nowrap| [[Mugen Motorsports|Mugen]]-[[Honda]]
! Championship
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Thruxton Circuit|THR]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Croft Circuit|CRO]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Oulton Park|OUL]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Donington Park|DON]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Donington Park|DON]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Brands Hatch|BRH]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Donington Park|DON]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Donington Park|DON]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Croft Circuit|CRO]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit|SNE]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Spa-Francorchamps|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL]] {{small|Ret}}
|colspan=2|
! 4th
! 100
|}

===Complete Formula Nippon/Super Formula results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]])
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Team
! Engine
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! DC
! Points
|-
| [[2001 Formula Nippon season|2001]]
!nowrap| [[Excite (web portal)|excite]] [[Impul]]
! [[Mugen Motorsports|Mugen]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Twin Ring Motegi|MOT]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Mine Circuit|MIN]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Fuji Speedway|FUJ]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Sportsland SUGO|SUG]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Fuji Speedway|FUJ]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Mine Circuit|MIN]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Twin Ring Motegi|MOT]] {{small|14}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|6}}
! 14th
! 2
|-
| [[2014 Super Formula season|2014]]
!nowrap| [[Lenovo]] [[Impul|Team Impul]]
! [[Toyota]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Fuji Speedway|FUJ]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Fuji Speedway|FUJ]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Fuji Speedway|FUJ]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Twin Ring Motegi|MOT]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Autopolis|AUT]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Sportsland SUGO|SUG]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|8}}
|
! 13th
! 5
|-
| [[2015 Super Formula season|2015]]
!nowrap| [[NTT DoCoMo|Docomo]] [[Dandelion Racing|Team Dandelion Racing]]
! [[Honda]]
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Okayama International Circuit|OKA]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Fuji Speedway|FUJ]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Twin Ring Motegi|MOT]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Autopolis|AUT]] {{small|14}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Sportsland SUGO|SUG]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| ''[[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]]'' {{small|14}}
|colspan=2|
! 11th
! 6
|-
| [[2016 Super Formula season|2016]]
!nowrap| [[Sunoco]] [[Team LeMans]]
! [[Toyota]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Okayama International Circuit|OKA]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Fuji Speedway|FUJ]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Twin Ring Motegi|MOT]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Okayama International Circuit|OKA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Okayama International Circuit|OKA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Sportsland SUGO|SUG]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| ''[[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]]'' {{small|14}}
|
! 14th
! 5
|-
| [[2017 Super Formula Championship|2017]]
!nowrap| [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]] [[Nakajima Racing]]
! [[Honda]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Okayama International Circuit|OKA]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Okayama International Circuit|OKA]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Fuji Speedway|FUJ]] {{small|14}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Twin Ring Motegi|MOT]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Autopolis|AUT]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Sportsland SUGO|SUG]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#FFFFFF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|C}}
|style="background:#FFFFFF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|C}}
|
! 19th
! 0
|-
| [[2018 Super Formula Championship|2018]]
!nowrap| [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]] [[Nakajima Racing]]
! [[Honda]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#FFFFFF;"| [[Autopolis|AUT]] {{small|C}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Sportsland SUGO|SUG]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Fuji Speedway|FUJ]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Twin Ring Motegi|MOT]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Okayama International Circuit|OKA]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|17}}
|colspan=3|
! 15th
! 4
|}


===Complete World Series by Nissan results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]])
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Entrant
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! 18
! DC
! Points
|-
| [[2002 World Series by Nissan|2002]]
! nowrap| [[RC Motorsport|Tata RC Motorsport]]
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Circuito Ricardo Tormo|VAL 1]] {{small|10}}
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[Circuito Ricardo Tormo|VAL 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Circuito del Jarama|JAR 1]] {{small|9}}
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| [[Circuito del Jarama|JAR 2]] {{small|3}}
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[Circuito de Albacete|ALB 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[Circuito de Albacete|ALB 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 1]] {{small|17}}
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|MAG 1]] {{small|9}}
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|MAG 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|bgcolor="#FFFFFF"| [[Circuit de Catalunya|CAT 1]] {{small|DNS}}
|bgcolor="#FFFFFF"| [[Circuit de Catalunya|CAT 2]] {{small|DNS}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Circuito Ricardo Tormo|VAL 1]] {{small|5}}
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[Circuito Ricardo Tormo|VAL 2]] {{small|12}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Autódromo Internacional de Curitiba|CUR 1]] {{small|4}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| '''[[Autódromo Internacional de Curitiba|CUR 2]]''' {{small|9}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Autódromo de Interlagos|INT 1]] {{small|7}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Autódromo de Interlagos|INT 2]] {{small|4}}
! 9th
! 51
|-
| [[2003 World Series by Nissan|2003]]
! nowrap| [[Carlin Motorsport|Tata Carlin Motorsport]]
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[Circuito del Jarama|JAR 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Circuito del Jarama|JAR 2]] {{small|5}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Circuit Zolder|ZOL 1]] {{small|4}}
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| [[Circuit Zolder|ZOL 2]] {{small|3}}
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|MAG 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|MAG 2]] {{small|4}}
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 1]] {{small|3}}
|bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 2]] {{small|3}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Lausitzring|LAU 1]] {{small|6}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Lausitzring|LAU 2]] {{small|4}}
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[Österreichring|A1R 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Österreichring|A1R 2]] {{small|4}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Circuit de Catalunya|CAT 1]] {{small|4}}
|bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| [[Circuit de Catalunya|CAT 2]] {{small|2}}
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[Circuito Ricardo Tormo|VAL 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Circuito Ricardo Tormo|VAL 2]] {{small|9}}
|bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| [[Circuito del Jarama|JAR 1]] {{small|7}}
|bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| [[Circuito del Jarama|JAR 2]] {{small|Ret}}
! 4th
! 121
|-
| [[2004 World Series by Nissan|2004]]
! nowrap| [[RC Motorsport|Tata RC Motorsport]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[Circuito del Jarama|JAR 1]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"|[[Circuito del Jarama|JAR 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"|[[Zolder|ZOL 1]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[Zolder|ZOL 2]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"|[[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|MAG 1]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|MAG 2]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"|[[Circuit Ricardo Tormo|VAL 1]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"|[[Circuit Ricardo Tormo|VAL 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[EuroSpeedway Lausitz|LAU 1]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[EuroSpeedway Lausitz|LAU 2]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"|[[Autódromo do Estoril|EST 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"|[[Autódromo do Estoril|EST 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[Circuit de Catalunya|CAT 1]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[Circuit de Catalunya|CAT 2]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"|'''[[Circuit Ricardo Tormo|VAL 1]]''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"|[[Circuit Ricardo Tormo|VAL 2]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[Circuito de Jerez|JER 1]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"|[[Circuito de Jerez|JER 2]] {{small|11}}
! 6th
! 100
|}

===Complete Formula One results===
([[:Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]])
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Entrant
! Chassis
! Engine
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! 18
! 19
! 20
! WDC
! [[List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems|Points]]
|-
|rowspan=2| [[2005 Formula One season|2005]]
!rowspan=2 nowrap| [[Jordan Grand Prix]]
!nowrap| [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]] [[Jordan EJ15|EJ15]]
!rowspan=2 nowrap| [[Toyota F1|Toyota]] RVX-05 3.0 [[V10 engine|V10]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 Malaysian Grand Prix|MAL]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2005 Bahrain Grand Prix|BHR]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2005 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 European Grand Prix|EUR]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2005 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2005 United States Grand Prix|USA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 French Grand Prix|FRA]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2005 British Grand Prix|GBR]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 German Grand Prix|GER]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 Turkish Grand Prix|TUR]] {{small|14}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] {{small|20}}
|colspan=5|
!rowspan=2| 18th
!rowspan=2| 5
|-
!nowrap| [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]] [[Jordan EJ15|EJ15B]]
|colspan=15|
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2005 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2005 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]] {{small|Ret}}
|
|-
|rowspan=2| [[2011 Formula One season|2011]]
!nowrap| [[HRT F1|Hispania Racing F1 Team]]
!rowspan=2 nowrap| [[HRT F1|Hispania]] [[Hispania F111|F111]]
!rowspan=2 nowrap| [[Cosworth]] CA2011 2.4 [[V8 engine|V8]]
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[2011 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2011 Malaysian Grand Prix|MAL]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2011 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]] {{small|23}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2011 Turkish Grand Prix|TUR]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2011 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2011 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2011 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2011 European Grand Prix|EUR]] {{small|24}}
| [[2011 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
|colspan=11|
!rowspan=2| 26th
!rowspan=2| 0
|-
!nowrap| [[HRT F1|HRT Formula 1 Team]]
|colspan=9|
|style="background:#F1F8FF;"| [[2011 German Grand Prix|GER]] {{small|TD}}
| [[2011 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]
| [[2011 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
| [[2011 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
|style="background:#F1F8FF;"| [[2011 Singapore Grand Prix|SIN]] {{small|TD}}
|style="background:#F1F8FF;"| [[2011 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]] {{small|TD}}
|style="background:#F1F8FF;"| [[2011 Korean Grand Prix|KOR]] {{small|TD}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2011 Indian Grand Prix|IND]] {{small|17}}
| [[2011 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]
| [[2011 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]
|
|-
| [[2012 Formula One season|2012]]
!nowrap| [[HRT F1|HRT Formula 1 Team]]
!nowrap| [[HRT F1|HRT]] [[HRT F112|F112]]
!nowrap| [[Cosworth]] CA2012 2.4 [[V8 engine|V8]]
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[2012 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2012 Malaysian Grand Prix|MAL]] {{small|22}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2012 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]] {{small|22}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2012 Bahrain Grand Prix|BHR]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2012 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2012 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2012 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2012 European Grand Prix|EUR]] {{small|18}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2012 British Grand Prix|GBR]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2012 German Grand Prix|GER]] {{small|23}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2012 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2012 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2012 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] {{small|19}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2012 Singapore Grand Prix|SIN]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2012 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2012 Korean Grand Prix|KOR]] {{small|20}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2012 Indian Grand Prix|IND]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2012 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2012 United States Grand Prix|USA]] {{small|22}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2012 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]] {{small|18}}
! 24th
! 0
|}


===Complete A1 Grand Prix results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Entrant
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! 18
! 19
! 20
! 21
! 22
! DC
! Points
|-
|nowrap| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix season|2006–07]]
!rowspan=3 nowrap| [[A1 Team India|India]]
| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Netherlands|NED SPR]]
| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Netherlands|NED FEA]]
| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Czech Republic|CZE SPR]]
| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Czech Republic|CZE FEA]]
| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Beijing, China|CHN SPR]]
| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Beijing, China|CHN FEA]]
| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Malaysia|MYS SPR]]
| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Malaysia|MYS FEA]]
| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Indonesia|IDN SPR]]
| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Indonesia|IDN FEA]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, New Zealand|NZL SPR]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, New Zealand|NZL FEA]] {{small|7}}
| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Australia|AUS SPR]]
| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Australia|AUS FEA]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, South Africa|RSA SPR]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, South Africa|RSA FEA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Mexico|MEX SPR]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Mexico|MEX FEA]] {{small|18}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Shanghai, China|CHN SPR]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Shanghai, China|CHN FEA]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Great Britain|GBR SPR]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2006–07 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Great Britain|GBR SPR]] {{small|4}}
! 16th
! 13
|-
|nowrap| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix season|2007–08]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Netherlands|NED SPR]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Netherlands|NED FEA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Czech Republic|CZE SPR]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Czech Republic|CZE FEA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Malaysia|MYS SPR]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Malaysia|MYS FEA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Zhuhai, China|CHN SPR]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Zhuhai, China|CHN FEA]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, New Zealand|NZL SPR]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, New Zealand|NZL FEA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Australia|AUS SPR]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Australia|AUS FEA]] {{small|11}}
| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, South Africa|RSA SPR]]
| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, South Africa|RSA FEA]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Mexico|MEX SPR]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Mexico|MEX FEA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Shanghai, China|CHN SPR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Shanghai, China|CHN FEA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Great Britain|GBR SPR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''[[2007–08 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Great Britain|GBR FEA]]''' {{small|1}}
|colspan=2|
! 10th
! 61
|-
|nowrap| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix season|2008–09]]
| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Netherlands|NED SPR]]
| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Netherlands|NED FEA]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, China|CHN SPR]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, China|CHN FEA]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Malaysia|MYS SPR]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Malaysia|MYS FEA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, New Zealand|NZL SPR]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, New Zealand|NZL FEA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, South Africa|RSA SPR]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, South Africa|RSA FEA]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Portugal|POR SPR]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Portugal|POR FEA]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Great Britain|GBR SPR]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Great Britain|GBR FEA]] {{small|Ret}}
|colspan=8|
! 12th
! 19
|}

===Complete Le Mans Series results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Entrant
! Car
! Engine
! Class
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! DC
! Points
|-
| [[2009 Le Mans Series|2009]]
! nowrap| [[ByKolles Racing|Kolles]]
! nowrap| [[Audi R10 TDI]]
! nowrap| Audi TDI 5.5 L Turbo V12 (Diesel)
! LMP1
| [[1000 km of Catalunya|CAT]]
|align="center" style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[1000 km of Spa|SPA]] {{small|6}}
|align="center" style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1000 km of Algarve|ALG]] {{small|NC}}
|align="center" style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[1000 km of Nürburgring|NUR]] {{small|4}}
|align="center" style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[1000 km of Silverstone|SIL]] {{small|6}}
! 22nd
! 11
|}

===24 Hours of Le Mans results===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
! Year
! Team
! Co-Drivers
! Car
! Class
! Laps
! {{Tooltip|Pos.|Overall Position}}
! {{Tooltip|Class Pos.|Class Position}}
|-
! [[2009 24 Hours of Le Mans|2009]]
|align="left"nowrap| {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Kodewa|Kolles]]
|align="left"nowrap| {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Charles Zwolsman Jr.]] {{flagicon|DEU}} [[André Lotterer]]
|align="left"nowrap| [[Audi R10 TDI]]
| LMP1
| N/A
|colspan=2| DNS{{efn|Karthikeyan was nominated as the starting driver for the No. 14 Kolles entry, but dislocated his shoulder going over the pitwall before the formation lap. He was unable to take part in the race and was therefore not credited with the seventh place his teammates achieved.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/other-racing/others/freak-injury-forces-karthikeyan-out-of-le-mans/articleshow/4655851.cms|title=Freak injury forces Karthikeyan out of Le Mans|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 June 2009|access-date=2 June 2023}}</ref>}}
|}

===Superleague Formula===
([[:Template:Superleague Formula driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Team
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! 18
! 19
! 20
! 21
! 22
! 23
! 24
! Pos
! Pts
|-
|[[2010 Superleague Formula season|2010]]
!nowrap|[[PSV Eindhoven (Superleague Formula team)|PSV Eindhoven]] {{small|[[Atech Grand Prix|Atech GP]]/[[Reid Motorsport]]}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[2010 Silverstone Superleague Formula round|SIL 1]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[2010 Silverstone Superleague Formula round|SIL 2]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[2010 Assen Superleague Formula round|ASS 1]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[2010 Assen Superleague Formula round|ASS 2]] {{small|9}}
|[[2010 Magny-Cours Superleague Formula round|MAG 1]]
|[[2010 Magny-Cours Superleague Formula round|MAG 2]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[2010 Jarama Superleague Formula round|JAR 1]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[2010 Jarama Superleague Formula round|JAR 2]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[2010 Nürburgring Superleague Formula round|NÜR 1]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[2010 Nürburgring Superleague Formula round|NÜR 2]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[2010 Zolder Superleague Formula round|ZOL 1]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[2010 Zolder Superleague Formula round|ZOL 2]] {{small|14}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[2010 Brands Hatch Superleague Formula round|BRH 1]] {{small|18}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''[[2010 Brands Hatch Superleague Formula round|BRH 2]]''' {{small|1}}
|[[2010 Adria Superleague Formula round|ADR 1]]
|[[2010 Adria Superleague Formula round|ADR 2]]
|[[2010 Portimão Superleague Formula round|POR 1]]
|[[2010 Portimão Superleague Formula round|POR 2]]
|[[2010 Ordos Superleague Formula round|ORD 1]]
|[[2010 Ordos Superleague Formula round|ORD 2]]
|[[2010 Beijing Superleague Formula round|BEI 1]]
|[[2010 Beijing Superleague Formula round|BEI 2]]
|[[2010 Navarra Superleague Formula round|NAV 1]]
|[[2010 Navarra Superleague Formula round|NAV 2]]
! 16th
! 288
|}

===Super Final results===
([[:Template:Superleague Formula driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Team
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
|-
|[[2010 Superleague Formula season|2010]]
!nowrap|[[PSV Eindhoven (Superleague Formula team)|PSV Eindhoven]] {{small|[[Atech Grand Prix|Atech GP]]/[[Reid Motorsport]]}}
|style="background:#ffcfcf;"| [[2010 Silverstone Superleague Formula round|SIL]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#ffcfcf;"| [[2010 Assen Superleague Formula round|ASS]] {{small|DNQ}}
| [[2010 Magny-Cours Superleague Formula round|MAG]]
|style="background:#ffcfcf;"| [[2010 Jarama Superleague Formula round|JAR]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#ffcfcf;"| [[2010 Nürburgring Superleague Formula round|NÜR]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#ffcfcf;"| [[2010 Zolder Superleague Formula round|ZOL]] {{small|DNQ}}
|style="background:#ffcfcf;"| [[2010 Brands Hatch Superleague Formula round|BRH]] {{small|DNQ}}
| [[2010 Adria Superleague Formula round|ADR]]
| [[2010 Portimão Superleague Formula round|POR]]
| [[2010 Ordos Superleague Formula round|ORD]]
| [[2010 Beijing Superleague Formula round|BEI]]
| [[2010 Navarra Superleague Formula round|NAV]]
|}

===Complete Auto GP results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Entrant
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! Pos
! Points
|-
|rowspan=2| [[2013 Auto GP season|2013]]
!nowrap| [[Zele Racing]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 1]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[Marrakech Street Circuit|MAR 1]]'' {{small|6}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Marrakech Street Circuit|MAR 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN 1]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN 2]] {{small|4}}
|colspan=10|
!rowspan=2| 4th
!rowspan=2| 195
|-
!nowrap| [[Super Nova Racing|Super Nova International]]
|colspan=6|
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''[[Silverstone Circuit|SIL 1]]''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL 2]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| '''[[Mugello Circuit|MUG 1]]''' {{small|3}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| ''[[Mugello Circuit|MUG 2]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''[[Nürburgring|NÜR 1]]''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 2]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| '''[[Donington Park|DON 1]]''' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| ''[[Donington Park|DON 2]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[Masaryk Circuit|BRN 1]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:black; color:white;"| [[Masaryk Circuit|BRN 2]] {{small|DSQ}}
|}

===Complete Super GT results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position; races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
|-
! Year
! Team
! Car
! Class
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! DC
! Points
|-
| [[2019 Super GT Series|2019]]
!nowrap| [[Nakajima Racing|Modulo Nakajima Racing]]
!nowrap| [[Honda NSX (second generation)|Honda NSX-GT]]
! GT500
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Okayama International Circuit|OKA]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Fuji Speedway|FUJ]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Chang International Circuit|CHA]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Fuji Speedway|FUJ]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Autopolis|AUT]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Sportsland SUGO|SUG]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Twin Ring Motegi|MOT]] {{small|12}}
! 12th
! 23.5
|}


===Complete Asian Le Mans Series results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Entrant
! Car
! Engine
! Class
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! DC
! Points
|-
| [[2021 Asian Le Mans Series|2021]]
! nowrap| [[Algarve Pro Racing|Racing Team India]]
! nowrap| [[Oreca 07]]
! nowrap| [[Gibson Technology|Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8]]
! LMP2
|align="center" style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Dubai Autodrome|DUB 1]] {{small|5}}
|align="center" style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Dubai Autodrome|DUB 2]] {{small|4}}
|align="center" style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Yas Marina Circuit|ABU 1]] {{small|5}}
|align="center" style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Yas Marina Circuit|ABU 2]] {{small|5}}
! 5th
! 42
|}

===NASCAR===
([[Template:NASCAR driver results legend|key]]) ('''Bold''' – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. ''Italics'' – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

====Camping World Truck Series====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:75%"
|-
!colspan=45| [[NASCAR]] [[Camping World Truck Series]] results
|-
! Year
! Team
! No.
! Make
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! 18
! 19
! 20
! 21
! 22
! 23
! 24
! 25
! {{Tooltip|NCWTC|NASCAR Camping World Truck classification}}
! Pts
! Ref
|-
! [[2010 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series|2010]]
!nowrap| [[Wyler Racing]]
! 60
! [[Chevrolet|Chevy]]
| [[NextEra Energy Resources 250|DAY]]
| [[E-Z-GO 200 (spring)|ATL]]
| style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Kroger 250|MAR]] {{small|13}}
| [[Nashville 200 (spring)|NSH]]
| style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[O'Reilly Auto Parts 250|KAN]] {{small|36}}
| [[Dover 200 (Truck Series)|DOV]]
| style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[North Carolina Education Lottery 200 (Charlotte)|CLT]] {{small|17}}
| style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[WinStar World Casino 400K|TEX]] {{small|11}}
| [[VFW 200|MCH]]
| [[Lucas Oil 200 (Iowa)|IOW]]
| [[CampingWorld.com 200|GTY]]
| style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[AAA Insurance 200 (LOR)|IRP]] {{small|20}}
| [[Pocono Mountains 125|POC]]
| style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Nashville 200 (fall)|NSH]] {{small|17}}
| [[Too Tough To Tame 200|DAR]]
| [[O'Reilly 200 (Bristol)|BRI]]
| style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[EnjoyIllinois.com 225|CHI]] {{small|14}}
| [[Built Ford Tough 225|KEN]]
| [[TheRaceDayRaffleSeries.com 175|NHA]]
| style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Smith's 350|LVS]] {{small|27}}
| [[Kroger 200 (Martinsville)|MAR]]
| style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Mountain Dew 250|TAL]] {{small|13}}
| [[WinStar World Casino 350K|TEX]]
| [[Lucas Oil 150|PHO]]
| [[Ford 200|HOM]]
! 30th
! 963
! <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.racing-reference.info/drivdet/karthna01/2010/C|title=Narain Karthikeyan – 2010 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Results|work=Racing-Reference|publisher=NASCAR Digital Media, LLC|access-date=April 4, 2023}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Formula One drivers from India]]
*[[List of Asian NASCAR drivers]]
*[https://www.torquex.com/ TorqueX] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717100150/https://www.torquex.com/ |date=17 July 2018 }}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
* {{Official website|1=http://www.narainracing.com/}}
* {{Racing-Reference driver|Narain_Karthikeyan}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach|ach}}
{{Succession box
| before = [[Ricky Carmichael]]
| title = [[NASCAR's Most Popular Driver Award|NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Most Popular Driver]]
| years = 2010
| after = [[Austin Dillon]]
}}
{{S-end}}
{{Formula One drivers from India}}
{{Hispania Racing F1 Team}}
{{Jordan Grand Prix}}
{{Turn One Racing}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karthikeyan, Narain}}
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Indian racing drivers]]
[[Category:International Formula 3000 drivers]]
[[Category:Indian Formula One drivers]]
[[Category:Jordan Formula One drivers]]
[[Category:HRT Formula One drivers]]
[[Category:NASCAR drivers]]
[[Category:British Formula Three Championship drivers]]
[[Category:Formula Nippon drivers]]
[[Category:Superleague Formula drivers]]
[[Category:A1 Team India drivers]]
[[Category:European Le Mans Series drivers]]
[[Category:Tamil sportspeople]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
[[Category:24 Hours of Le Mans drivers]]
[[Category:Auto GP drivers]]
[[Category:Super Formula drivers]]
[[Category:MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship drivers]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Carlin racing drivers]]
[[Category:Kolles Racing drivers]]
[[Category:Team Meritus drivers]]
[[Category:RC Motorsport drivers]]
[[Category:A1 Grand Prix drivers]]
[[Category:Super Nova Racing drivers]]
[[Category:Dandelion Racing drivers]]
[[Category:Team LeMans drivers]]
[[Category:Super GT drivers]]
[[Category:Nakajima Racing drivers]]
[[Category:Asian Le Mans Series drivers]]
[[Category:Arena Motorsport drivers]]
[[Category:Paul Stewart Racing drivers]]
[[Category:Algarve Pro Racing drivers]]
[[Category:Team Virage drivers]]
[[Category:Le Mans Cup drivers]]
[[Category:Indian Racing League drivers]]
[[Category:British Formula Ford Championship drivers]]

Sinnar Niphad Assembly constituency

2026-04-09T18:28:57Z

Roshni: Started a data v1

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sinnar Niphad
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1952 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=52-124}}</ref>
| abolished = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 92,494
| mla = Naik Vasant Narayan
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Sinnar Niphad Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. After 1955 Delimitation act, it was split into [[Sinnar Assembly constituency|Sinnar]] and [[Niphad Assembly constituency|Niphad]].
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" rowspan="2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Naik Vasant Narayan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| Rankhambe Amritrao Dhondiba
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sinnar Niphad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Naik Vasant Narayan |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,217 |percentage = 23.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Rankhambe Amritrao Dhondiba |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,848 |percentage = 21.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wagh Deoram Sayaji |party = Kamgar Kisan Paksha |votes = 15,947 |percentage = 13.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hire Mogalrao Yadavrao |party = Kamgar Kisan Paksha |votes = 12,899 |percentage = 11.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Waghaokar Raghunath Ramchandra |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 11,004 |percentage = 9.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dani Shantabai Dhanaji |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 10,240 |percentage = 8.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gite Rabhaji Sambhuji |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,032 |percentage = 6.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = More Shivaji Ganpat |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 3,456 |percentage = 2.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pagare Divakar Neoji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,698 |percentage = 1.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Aware Motiram Narayan |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,619 |percentage = 1.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,270 |percentage = 9.64% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 116,960 |percentage = 63.23% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 116,960}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,494 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Muhammed Sagar Ali

2026-04-04T10:52:27Z

Roshni: Started

{{short description|Indian footballer (born 1993)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Muhammed Sagar Ali
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Muhammed Sagar Ali
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|04|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kothamangalam]], [[Kerala, India]]
| height = 1.82 m
| currentclub = [[Bhutan Super League|FC Takin]]
| clubnumber = 3
| position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|Centre-back]]
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = [[Sports Authority of India]]
| years1 = 2015–2016
| clubs1 = [[Air India FC]]
| caps1 = 22
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2016–2017
| clubs2 = [[Delhi United FC]]
| caps2 = 13
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2017–2018
| clubs3 = [[Madhya Bharat SC]]
| caps3 = 7
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2018–2019
| clubs4 = [[ARA FC]]
| caps4 = 0
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2019–2020
| clubs5 = [[Druk Stars FC]]
| caps5 = 16
| goals5 = 0
| years6 = 2020–2022
| clubs6 = [[ARA FC]]
| caps6 = 9
| goals6 = 0
| years7 = 2022–
| clubs7 = [[Bhutan Super League|FC Takin]]
| caps7 = 0
| goals7 = 0
| club-update =
| ntupdate =
}}

'''Muhammed Sagar Ali''' (born 13 April 1993) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|centre-back]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://everythingforfootball.in/player/muhammed-sagar-ali/|title=Player information – Transfer history: Muhammed Sagar Ali|website=everythingforfootball.in|publisher=Everything For Football|access-date=9 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409162832/https://everythingforfootball.in/player/muhammed-sagar-ali/|archive-date=9 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="Online 2022">{{cite web | last=Online | first=Kerala Kaumudi | title=Kerala's Mohammad Sagar led Gujarat in the Santosh Trophy | website=Kerala Kaumudi Online | date=2022-01-14 | url=https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=729211&u=sports | access-date=2022-08-14 | archive-date=15 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315185500/https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news-amp.php?id=729211&u=sports }}</ref> He is currently co-owner of [[Kerala Premier League]] club Inter Kerala FC

==Playing career==

Sagar Ali began his youth career when he was a ninth standard student. He attended the sub-junior state football championship for Idukki in 2007. He spent majority of his youth career at [[Sports Authority of India]], Kollam.<ref name="Rajan 2014">{{cite web | last=Rajan | first=Adwaidh | title=City-based Footballer Gets a Pass to Chennai | website=The New Indian Express | date=2014-08-04 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2014/aug/04/city-based-footballer-gets-a-pass-to-chennai-643615.html | access-date=2022-08-14 | archive-date=14 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814052747/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2014/aug/04/City-based-Footballer-Gets-a-Pass-to-Chennai-643615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Sagar Ali started his professional career by playing for [[Air India FC]] 2015. A year later, Sagar Ali signed with [[Delhi United FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fanport.in/football/transfer/rashid-nalakath-bhutan/|title=റാഷിദ് നാലകത്ത് ഇനി ഭൂട്ടാൻ ക്ലബിൽ|trans-title=Rashid Nalakath now at Bhutan Club|date=20 June 2019|access-date=19 September 2021|website=fanport.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126143259/https://fanport.in/football/transfer/rashid-nalakath-bhutan/|archive-date=26 November 2020|language=ml}}</ref> His next stint was with Madhya Bharat FC where he played for the club in the [[I-League 2|I League second division]].<ref name="Fanport Malayalam Sports News 2019">{{cite web | title=Sagar Ali from Kochi will now play for Bhutan Club | website=Fanport Malayalam Sports News | date=2019-05-25 | url=https://fanport.in/football/transfer/sagar-ali-bhutan/ | access-date=2022-08-14 | archive-date=26 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126080006/https://fanport.in/football/transfer/sagar-ali-bhutan/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2018 he was signed by [[United SC]] to represent them in the Calcutta Football League. Later he signed with [[ARA FC]] and played in the 2018–19 [[I-League 2|I league second division]].<ref name="Joseph 2022">{{cite web | last=Joseph | first=Martin | title=Gujarat's Malayali leadership | website=The New Indian Express | date=2022-04-27 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2022/apr/27/gujarats-malayali-leadership-2446823.html | access-date=2022-08-14 | archive-date=14 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814052749/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/2022/apr/27/gujarats-malayali-leadership-2446823.html | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, Sagar Ali signed a short-term contract with the [[Bhutan Premier League]] club [[Druk Stars FC]].<ref name="East Coast Daily Malayalam 2019">{{cite web | title=This Kothamangalam man's ball is now rolling for Bhutan - malayalee - bhutan club | website=East Coast Daily Malayalam | date=2019-05-27 | url=https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2019/05/27/malayalee-in-butan-club.html | access-date=2022-08-14 | archive-date=14 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814052749/https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2019/05/27/malayalee-in-butan-club.html | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, he returned to [[ARA FC]] after his contract expired with the Bhutanese club.<ref name="ZilliZ Sports & Games 2022">{{cite web | title=Malayali presence in Bhutan Club | website=ZilliZ Sports & Games | date=2022-08-19 | url=https://www.zillizsng.in/football/mallu-footballer-sagar-ali/ | access-date=2022-08-22 | archive-date=15 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315190140/https://www.zillizsng.in/football/mallu-footballer-sagar-ali/ | url-status=live }}</ref> He played for the [[ARA FC]] in the [[I league]] qualifiers. During this time he was spotted by [[Gujarat]] and received an invitation to represent them in the [[2021–22 Santosh Trophy]].<ref name="George 2021">{{cite web | last=George | first=Arun | title=How Gujarat relied on Malayalam to spring a surprise in Santosh Trophy | website=OnManorama | date=2021-12-02 | url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/football/2021/12/02/malayali-players-help-gujarat-qualify-santosh-trophy-final-round-after-37-years.html | access-date=2022-08-14 | archive-date=14 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814052746/https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/football/2021/12/02/malayali-players-help-gujarat-qualify-santosh-trophy-final-round-after-37-years.html | url-status=live }}</ref> He was appointed as the team's captain and helped the side to qualify for the final round of the [[Santosh Trophy]] for the first time in 37 years.<ref name="Kothamangalam News 2022">{{cite web | title=A native of Kothamangalam; Muhammad Sagar Ali is leading Gujarat in Santosh Trophy. | website=Kothamangalam News | date=2022-01-14 | url=https://kothamangalamnews.com/kothamangalam-nellikkuzhi-eramalloor-muhammed-sagar-ali-santhosh-trophy-player.html | access-date=2022-08-14 | archive-date=14 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814052749/https://kothamangalamnews.com/kothamangalam-nellikkuzhi-eramalloor-muhammed-sagar-ali-santhosh-trophy-player.html | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, Sagar Ali made his second move to [[Bhutan]]. He signed a one-year contract with FC Takin, the new entrants in the [[Bhutan Super League]].<ref name="IFTWC - Indian Football Team for World Cup 2022">{{cite web | last=Madhukumar | first=Sreenadh | title=Gujarat Santosh Trophy captain Sagar Ali now playing in Bhutan Premier League | website=IFTWC – Indian Football Team for World Cup | date=2022-07-24 | url=https://iftwc.com/sagar-ali-joins-fc-takin-for-bpl/ | access-date=2022-08-14 | archive-date=15 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815093942/https://iftwc.com/sagar-ali-joins-fc-takin-for-bpl/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ni.todoporelfutbol.com/club/fc-takin/|title=FC Takin – Jugadores Destacados – Información 2022/23|language=es|website=ni.todoporelfutbol.com|archive-date=23 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223100950/https://ni.todoporelfutbol.com/club/fc-takin/}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
{{updated|22 August 2020}}<ref name="Daily 2022">{{cite web | last=Daily | first=Keralakaumudi | title=സാഗർ അലി, ഭൂട്ടാൻ പ്രീമിയർ ലീഗിലെ മലയാളിത്തിളക്കം | website=Keralakaumudi Daily | date=2022-09-07 | url=https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=899366&u=sports | access-date=2022-09-17 | archive-date=20 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171641/https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=899366&u=sports | url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Club
! rowspan="2" |Season
! colspan="3" |League
! colspan="2" |Cup
! colspan="2" |Continental
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Air India F.C.]]
| 2015–2016
|[[MDFA Elite Division]]||22||0||0||0||0||0||22||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Delhi United FC]]
| 2016-2017
|[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]||13||0||0||0||0||0||13||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Madhya Bharat SC]]
| 2017-2018
|[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]||7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[ARA FC]]
| 2018-2019
|[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]||9||0||0||0||0||0||9||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Druk Stars FC]]
| 2019
|[[Bhutan Super League]]||16||0||0||0||0||0||16||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[ARA FC]]
| 2020-2022
|[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
! colspan="3" |Total
!93!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!93!!0
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Indian expatriate footballers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sagar Ali, Muhammed}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Indian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Air India FC players]]
[[Category:ARA FC players]]

Mungaru Male

2026-03-30T22:18:06Z

Roshni: New

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mungaru Male
| image = MM-02.jpg
| caption = Film Poster
| director = [[Yograj Bhat]]
| producer = E. Krishna
| writer = {{plainlist|
*[[Yogaraj Bhat]]
*[[Preetam Gubbi]]
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]]
*[[Pooja Gandhi]]
}}
| music = [[Mano Murthy]]
| cinematography = [[Krishna (cinematographer)|S. Krishna]]
| editing = Deepu S. Kumar
| studio = E. K. Entertainers
| distributor = Jayanna Bhogendra
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2006|12|29}}
| runtime = 132 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Kannada
| budget = ₹70 Lakhs
<ref name="Times">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-mungaru-male-was-the-first-film-to-cross-rs-50-crore-at-the-box-office-as-well-as-run-for-a-year-in-a-multiplex/articleshow/75402151.cms |title=Did you know? 'Mungaru Male' was the first film to cross Rs 50 crore at the box office as well as run for a year in a multiplex |publisher=Timesofindia.com |date=2020-04-27 |access-date=2021-11-29 |archive-date=24 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424062811/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-mungaru-male-was-the-first-film-to-cross-rs-50-crore-at-the-box-office-as-well-as-run-for-a-year-in-a-multiplex/articleshow/75402151.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}70{{ndash}}75 crore
{{efn|Multiple references:
<ref name="Times"/><ref name="The Times of India Ganesh">{{cite web | title=Mungaru Male gave me everything: Ganesh | work=The Times of India | date=29 December 2018 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/mungaru-male-gave-me-everything-ganesh/articleshow/67287960.cms }}</ref><ref name="TOI Mungaru 50 crore">{{cite news |title=Ganesh all set for Mungaru Male 2 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Ganesh-all-set-for-Mungaru-Male-2/articleshow/46698706.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=26 February 2017 |archive-date=6 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106220631/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Ganesh-all-set-for-Mungaru-Male-2/articleshow/46698706.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="DNA Ganesh Mungaru 70 crore">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ganesh-bal-the-outsider-on-the-inside-1678970 |title=Ganesh Bal: The outsider on the inside |newspaper=Daily News & Analysis |access-date=11 June 2016 |archive-date=15 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715124716/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ganesh-bal-the-outsider-on-the-inside-1678970 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TheHindu Mungaru 50 crores">{{cite news |title=Stage set for Mungaru Male sequel |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/stage-set-for-mungaru-male-sequel/article6630772.ece |work=The Hindu |date=24 November 2014 |access-date=26 February 2017 |archive-date=4 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204025227/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/stage-set-for-mungaru-male-sequel/article6630772.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Golden"/><ref>{{cite web | title=The Makers Of Kannada Blockbuster Mungaru Male Reunite After 18 Years|work=Times Now|date=9 Jun 2024| url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/the-makers-of-kannada-blockbuster-mungaru-male-reunite-after-18-years-exclusive-article-110837355}}</ref>}}{{refn|group=note|Industry sources indicated an approximate gross of {{INR}}50 crore for ''Mungaru Male'',<ref name="TheHindu Mungaru 50 crore">{{cite news|title=Stage set for Mungaru Male sequel|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/stage-set-for-mungaru-male-sequel/article6630772.ece|work=The Hindu|date=24 November 2014|access-date=26 February 2017|archive-date=4 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204025227/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/stage-set-for-mungaru-male-sequel/article6630772.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TOI Mungaru 50 crore" /> whereas the higher {{INR}}75 crore figure was attributed to the critic Prahlad Rao <ref name="DNA Ganesh Mungaru 70 crore" /> Financial claims made by [[WP:PRIMARY|primary sources]] (directors, producers, distributors, actors) should be treated with circumspection, as primary sources often have conflicts of interest and incentives to inflate box office figures.<ref name="BOI Box office column discontinued">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Box-Office-column-discontinued/articleshow/26211585.cms |title=Box Office column discontinued |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=24 April 2017 |last1=Gupta |first1=Priya |archive-date=2 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302110417/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Box-Office-column-discontinued/articleshow/26211585.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
}}

'''''Mungaru Male''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಮುಂಗಾರು ಮಳೆ.ogg|pronunciation}} {{translation|Pre-monsoon rain}}) is a 2006 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] co-written and directed by [[Yogaraj Bhat]], and produced by E. Krishnappa. It stars [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]], [[Pooja Gandhi]] and [[Anant Nag]]. The film is believed to have shaped and strengthened the careers of Ganesh, Pooja Gandhi, Yograj Bhat, lyricist [[Jayant Kaikini]], choreographers [[A. Harsha]] and [[Imran Sardhariya]] and composer [[Mano Murthy]], and made Bollywood [[playback singer]]s [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Kunal Ganjawala]] and [[Udit Narayan]] popular in [[Karnataka]].<ref name="Golden">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/golden-star-ganesh-on-his-career/article8504865.ece |title=Man with the golden touch |work=www.thehindu.com |date=21 April 2016 |access-date=25 January 2018 |archive-date=5 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105123352/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/golden-star-ganesh-on-his-career/article8504865.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150701/entertainment-sandalwood/article/raining-troubles-male-girl |title=Frequent twist and turns in Pooja's real life is grabbing more attention these days |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=July 2015 |access-date=25 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125194542/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150701/entertainment-sandalwood/article/raining-troubles-male-girl |url-status=live }}</ref>

It was the first film in India (for any language) to be screened continuously for over one year in a multiplex,<ref name="record2">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/35125.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071207093502/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/35125.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 December 2007 |title='Mungaru Male' National record |website=IndiaGlitz |access-date=8 December 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/yogaraj-proves-his-brand-value-news-kannada-ml1qX2hafbjsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126001714/http://www.sify.com/movies/yogaraj-proves-his-brand-value-news-kannada-ml1qX2hafbjsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-11-26 |title=Yogaraj proves his brand value |work=www.sify.com}}</ref> and holds the record for the longest-running film at a multiplex in addition to having one of the highest recorded box-office collections in [[Kannada cinema]].<ref name="record2"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://m.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/mungaru-male-girls-second-innings-in-politics/article6852974.ece |title='Mungaru Male' girl's second innings in politics |newspaper=thehindu.com |access-date=8 November 2017 |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502134553/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/mungaru-male-girls-second-innings-in-politics/article6852974.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the ''Bangalore Mirror'', it was the first [[Kannada]] film to cross the ₹50 crore box office collection mark. The film collected an estimated {{INR}}75 crore.<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite web | title=Mungaru Male gave me everything: Ganesh | work=The Times of India | date=29 December 2018 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/mungaru-male-gave-me-everything-ganesh/articleshow/67287960.cms }}</ref> The Income Tax department alleged that the movie had collected {{INRConvert|67.5|c}} and demanded tax on that amount.<ref name="bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com">{{cite web|date=29 December 2018|title=Records stand even after 12 years|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/records-stand-even-after-12-years/articleshow/67292536.cms|access-date=2020-07-30|website=Bangalore Mirror|language=en|archive-date=29 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229073444/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/records-stand-even-after-12-years/articleshow/67292536.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It ran for a record 460 days at the [[PVR Cinemas|PVR Multiplex]].<ref name="bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com"/> It also holds a national record in Indian Cinema for running more than one year in PVR.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.indiaglitz.com/mungaru-male-national-record-kannada-news-35106| title = 'Payana' love journey - Kannada News - IndiaGlitz.com| date = 5 December 2007| access-date = 16 December 2020| archive-date = 11 September 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210911121909/https://www.indiaglitz.com/mungaru-male-national-record-kannada-news-35106| url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="Times"/>

It was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Vaana (film)|Vaana]]'',<ref name="Telugu">{{cite web |url=http://www.idleburra.com/2007/04/mungaru-male-in-telugu.html |title=Mungaru Male in Telugu |date=April 2007 |website=Idleburra.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621054835/http://www.idleburra.com/2007/04/mungaru-male-in-telugu.html |archive-date=21 June 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref> in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as ''[[Premer Kahini]]'' (both in 2008),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/Premer-Kahini/303194/ |title=Premer Kahini - ScreenIndia.Com |publisher=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |access-date=4 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081112074201/http://www.screenindia.com/news/Premer-Kahini/303194/ |archive-date=12 November 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in [[Odia language|Odia]] as ''Romeo - The Lover Boy'' in 2009<ref name="vijaykarnataka.com">{{cite web |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/these-are-the-top-five-kannada-movies-remakes-in-many-languages/articleshow/74894620.cms |title=Kannada movies remake: ಅತೀ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಭಾಷೆಗೆ 'ರಿಮೇಕ್‌' ಆದ ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗಳ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ! - Vijaya Karnataka |language=ja |website=Vijaykarnataka.com |date=March 30, 2020 |access-date=2021-11-29 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603142719/https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/these-are-the-top-five-kannada-movies-remakes-in-many-languages/amp_articleshow/74894620.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] as ''Premay Namaha'' in 2017. A spiritual sequel to the film, titled ''[[Mungaru Male 2]]'', was released in 2016.<ref name="sequel"/>

== Plot ==
Preetham is on a visit to Eva Mall in [[Bengaluru]] where amidst heavy winds, he spots a pretty girl Nandini. While staring at her, he inadvertently falls into a manhole. Nandini rescues him, but in the process she loses her heart-shaped watch which she had just bought.

While accompanying his mother to [[Madikeri]] in [[Kodagu district|Coorg]], Preetham confronts a man named Jaanu. Jaanu, who has been following Nandini, hits Preetham, thinking that he is in love with her. Preetham, unaware that Jaanu has vowed not to allow anyone near Nandini, fights Jaanu and his gang in revenge.

In Madikeri, Preetham unexpectedly meets Nandini. He identifies himself and expresses his love for her and offers to put her lost watch on her. Nandini, who is already engaged, rejects his request. Nonetheless, Preetham vows to marry Nandini if she meets him again. In the meantime, Preetham discovers that his nearly-deaf host in Madikeri, Col. Subbaiah, is Nandini's father and that her wedding is only a week away. Dejected, Preetham throws Nandini's watch away. But Nandini calls him and taunts him to return. Delighted, Preetham goes in search of her watch and spots a rabbit, which he names Devadas and brings it along with the watch.

Preetham takes Nandini to the railway station to receive her friends who are due to arrive from [[Mumbai]] for the wedding. The train is delayed by five hours, so Nandini and Preetham decide to visit a nearby hill-temple. While returning from the temple, Preetham and Nandini are caught in the rain. An old couple offers to give them shelter inside their hut. Preetham, still not sure about expressing his love to Nandini, grabs a couple of [[Palm wine|toddy]] bottles, goes out in the rain and starts drinking. However, when Nandini walks towards him, offering an umbrella, he drunkenly tells Nandini that he should stay away from Nandini to remain a decent boy, rather than to propose or elope with her. Nandini is now in love with Preetham and is in a dilemma as her wedding is in a few days. She asks him to take her to the top of a waterfall where she expresses her love for him while standing at the edge.

Preetam, intent on marrying Nandini, takes Col. Subbaiah for a morning jog to discuss the matter. But Col. Subbaiah, a heart patient, tells Preetham that he is expected to die anytime and his only desire is to get Nandini married to Gautam, an army officer who saved his life during a war. He also could feel Nandini's mother's worry when she realises that Nandini could be in love with someone else because the wedding is the next day and all invitations have already been sent out. Her mother also feels that it would be very unfair to a good person like Gautham. Hence, Preetham decides to obey Nandini's parents' wishes and let Gautham marry Nandini. The night before the wedding, an extremely depressed Preetham goes to a roadside bar to drink alcohol and sees Gautam arriving for his wedding ceremony. Gautam asks the bar owner for an alternate route to Col. Subbaiah's home, as heavy rains have caused a tree to fall and block the road. Jaanu arrives and tries to kill Gautam, Preetham saves him and convinces Jaanu that Gautam is the best person to marry Nandini.

The next day, Preetham brings Gautam to the wedding after Gautam's car breaks down. They reach just in time for the ceremony, but Preetham declines to attend. Gautam asks for the heart-shaped watch as a memento but Preetham leaves, unwilling to part with it. They search for Preetham, but cannot find him. Only Preetham's mother knows the truth of his love for Nandini, and she tries to hide her fear.

Resignedly, Preetham watches the arch proclaiming "Gautham weds Nandini" and the marriage taking place in [[Kodava people|Kodava]] style. As he leaves, he spots Devadas and takes the rabbit with him. Driving towards Bangalore, Preetham confides in Devadas as to how much he loved Nandini and how he wished he had a life with her. He then realises that Devadas has died. The film ends with Preetham burying Devadas.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] as Preetam
* [[Pooja Gandhi]] as Nandini, Preetam's love interest
* [[Ananth Nag]] as Colonel Subbaiah, Nandini's father
* [[Padmaja Rao]] as "Bubbly" Babita, Nandini's mother
* [[Jai Jagadish]] as Preetam's father
* [[Sudha Belawadi]] as Kamala, Preetam's mother
* [[Diganth]] as Gautam, Nandini's fiancé
* Neenasam Ashwath as Jolly
* [[Sanchita Shetty]] as Nandini's friend<ref name="ie">{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/The-story-makes-a-star-Sanchita-Shetty/2013/04/23/article1556984.ece |title=The story makes a star: Sanchita Shetty |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081000/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/The-story-makes-a-star-Sanchita-Shetty/2013/04/23/article1556984.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}

==Production==
===Development===
Director [[Yograj Bhat]], who had earlier dabbled in advertising and corporate films, began working on the script of ''Mungaru Male''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/kannada/movie/iview_yogaraj.htm |title=WebHost4Life - Web Hosting, Unix Hosting, E-Mail, Web Design |access-date=7 November 2016 |archive-date=12 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112161928/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/kannada/movie/iview_yogaraj.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> He read the script to [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] and [[Ramya (actress)|Ramya]] who rejected it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.viggy.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=3465&whichpage=2 |title=viggy.com Kannada Film Discussion Board – exclusive platform for Kannada cinema – Mungaru Male Earned 7.5 crores |access-date=24 April 2017 |archive-date=11 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511114659/http://www.viggy.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=3465&whichpage=2 |url-status=live |work=[[Viggy.com]]}}</ref> Ganesh introduced Yograj Bhat to producer E. Krishnappa, who agreed to finance the film. Bhat cast a relatively unknown actress, Pooja Gandhi, for the lead female role in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=38882|title=Pooja Gandhi of 'Mungaru Male' Celebrates her Birthday|work=[[Daijiworld Media]]|date=8 October 2007}}</ref>

===Filming===
Approximately 80% of the scenes were filmed in the rain.<ref name="Times"/><ref name="Indicine">{{Cite web |url=http://www.indicine.com/movies/kannada/mungaru-male-movie-review/ |title=Indicine.com – ''Mungaru Male'' movie review |access-date=25 June 2007 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927003534/http://www.indicine.com/movies/kannada/mungaru-male-movie-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Shooting locations included major part in<ref name="Indicine" /> [[Sakaleshpura]], [[Madikeri]],<ref name="Indicine" /> [[Jog Falls]] [[Sagara, Karnataka|Sagara]],<ref name="Indicine" /> and [[Gadag]]. Krishna, the cameraman, was a part-time photographer prior to the film. The song "Kunidu Kunidu" and the climax was shot at Jog Falls.<ref name=dh>{{cite web|title=Movie link enhances Jog's deadly spell|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=20 October 2023|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/movie-link-enhances-jogs-deadly-2557234|date=16 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/ganesh-and-yogaraj-bhat-relive-mungaru-male-memories/articleshow/59561572.cms|title=Ganesh and Yograj Bhat relive Mungaru Male memories|work=The Times of India |access-date=20 October 2023|date=13 July 2017}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{See also|Anisutide}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Mungaru Male
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Mano Murthy]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|2006|11|6|df=yes}}
| recorded = 2006
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=31|s=30}}
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer = Mano Murthy, [[Sunny M. R.|Sunny]]
| prev_title = [[Amrithadhare]]
| prev_year = 2005
| next_title = [[Cheluvina Chittara]]
| next_year = 2007
}}
[[File:SonuNigam02.jpg|right|150px|thumb|[[Anisutide]] song sung by [[Sonu Nigam]]]]
[[Mano Murthy]] scored the film's background music and its soundtrack, lyrics for which was penned by [[Jayant Kaikini]], Yogaraj Bhat, [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]] and Hrudaya Shiva. The soundtrack album consists of seven tracks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mungaru Male (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/mungaru-male-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1031210804|access-date=8 October 2015|website=iTunes|date=29 November 2006|archive-date=11 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011163346/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/mungaru-male-original-motion/id1031210804|url-status=live}}</ref> Anand Audio bought the distribution rights for {{INR}}500,000.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 June 2007|title='Mungaru Male' reigns over Kannada music market|work=Sify|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14463092&cid=14176012|access-date=10 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010052455/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=14463092&cid=14176012|archive-date=10 October 2015}}</ref> It was released on 6 November 2006 in [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite news|date=7 November 2006|title='Mungaru Male' Audio Launch|website=IndiaGlitz.com|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/mungaru-male-audio-launch-kannada-event-10849.html|access-date=8 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008183655/http://www.indiaglitz.com/mungaru-male-audio-launch-kannada-event-10849.html|archive-date=8 October 2015}}</ref>

Upon the album's release, it topped the charts with the song "[[Anisuthide]]" receiving significant radio and TV air time.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news|date=17 May 2014|title='Mungaru Male' still tops the charts|newspaper=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/mungaru-male-still-tops-the-charts/article1843484.ece|access-date=6 November 2014|archive-date=2 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502134606/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/%60Mungaru-Male-still-tops-the-charts/article14764714.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> It was reported that by mid-May 2007, over 200,000 copies were sold in [[compact disc]]s alone.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 May 2007|title='Mungaru Male' album a mega hit|work=Hindustan Times|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1273374021.html|access-date=10 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010052639/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1273374021.html|archive-date=10 October 2015}}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' reported, "The film has just completed seven weeks, but audio sales have broken all earlier records. Composer Mano Murthy has once again created musical magic with songs like 'Anisuthidhe' and 'Onde Ondu Saari'."<ref>{{cite news|date=24 February 2007|title='Mungaru Male' can be Kannada audio of 2007|work=Hindustan Times|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1222226721.html|access-date=10 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010053617/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1222226721.html|archive-date=10 October 2015}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 31:30
| title1 = Onde Ondu Saari (produced by [[Sunny M.R.|Sunny]])
| lyrics1 = Kaviraj
| extra1 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]], [[Priya Himesh]]
| length1 = 4:32
| title2 = Mungaru Maleye
| lyrics2 = Yogaraj Bhat
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| length2 = 4:49
| title3 = Kunidu Kunidu Baare
| lyrics3 = Jayant Kaikini
| extra3 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], Stephen
| length3 = 4:30
| title4 = [[Anisuthide]]
| lyrics4 = Jayant Kaikini
| extra4 = Sonu Nigam
| length4 = 4:36
| title5 = Suvvi Suvvali
| lyrics5 = Hrudaya Shiva
| extra5 = [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
| length5 = 4:38
| title6 = Ivanu Geleyanalla
| lyrics6 = Hrudaya Shiva
| extra6 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length6 = 3:47
| title7 = Araluthiru Jeevada Geleya
| lyrics7 = Jayant Kaikini
| extra7 = Shreya Ghoshal
| length7 = 4:38
}}

The success of the film's soundtrack, especially the track "Anisutide", further propelled Nigam's playback singing career in Kannada cinema.<ref name = hindu/> With the song, lyricist and writer [[Jayant Kaikini]]'s reputation as a writer of romantic songs further elevated, and is considered one of his best.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 June 2008|title=He spells victory|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/he-spells-victory/article1418592.ece|access-date=4 October 2015|website=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Critical response==
[[Rediff.com]]'s critic awarded it a three-star rating and praised its cinematography, technical values, and the acting of Ganesh and Anant Nag.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 January 2007|title=Mungaru Male is interesting|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/02mungaru.htm|access-date=6 November 2014|website=rediff.com|archive-date=7 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207135904/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/02mungaru.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Indicine.com's critic rated the film 4 out of 5, describing Ganesh as the "life and soul of the movie". Other praise was directed at Gandhi, "Sanjana makes a confident debut. Veteran actor Anant Nag with his brilliant comic timing provides able support".<ref>{{cite web|title=Mungaru Male – Movie Review|url=http://www.indicine.com/movies/kannada/mungaru-male-movie-review/|work=www.indicine.com|access-date=25 June 2007|archive-date=27 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927003534/http://www.indicine.com/movies/kannada/mungaru-male-movie-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> S. Shiva Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Anant Nag never ceases to amaze. Playing a deaf, trigger-happy ex-serviceman, his dialogue delivery and sense of timing are spot on. TV anchor turned actor Ganesh has a casual style, which audiences seem to be lapping up."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kumar |first1=S. Shiva |title=All's well that ends well |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/01/05/stories/2007010502020400.htm |website=The Hindu |access-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706121401/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/01/05/stories/2007010502020400.htm |archive-date=6 July 2007 |date=5 January 2007}}</ref>

==Box office==
{{see also|List of highest-grossing Indian films}}
Made with a production budget of {{INRConvert|70|L}},<ref name="Times"/> the film collected {{INR}}50 crore (500 million) in 300 days.<ref>{{cite web|title='MUNGARU MALE' NATIONAL RECORD AND COLLECTED 5 CRORE IN 300 DAYS|date=6 December 2007|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/mungaru-male-national-record-kannada-news-35125.html|publisher=m.indiaglitz.com|access-date=20 March 2023|archive-date=19 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819055409/https://www.indiaglitz.com/mungaru-male-national-record-kannada-news-35125.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Man with the golden touch|newspaper=The Hindu|date=21 April 2016|url=http://m.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/golden-star-ganesh-on-his-career/article8504865.ece|publisher=m.thehindu.com|last1=Khajane|first1=Muralidhara|access-date=11 August 2016|archive-date=2 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502134629/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/golden-star-ganesh-on-his-career/article8504865.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Then film went on to gross {{INR}}50<ref name="TheHindu Mungaru 50 crore">{{cite news|title=Stage set for Mungaru Male sequel|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/stage-set-for-mungaru-male-sequel/article6630772.ece|work=The Hindu|date=24 November 2014|access-date=26 February 2017|archive-date=4 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204025227/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/stage-set-for-mungaru-male-sequel/article6630772.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TOI Mungaru 50 crore" />–75 crore<ref name="DNA Ganesh Mungaru 70 crore" /> ({{INR}}500–750 million) by the end of its theatrical run.<ref name="newindianexpress">{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/I-broke-down-in-front-of-Ganesh/2016/09/03/article3609524.ece |title='Mungaru Male' the first film to Celebrate 865-days in Karnataka |publisher=newindianexpress |access-date=12 October 2016 |archive-date=16 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916150334/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/I-broke-down-in-front-of-Ganesh/2016/09/03/article3609524.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ganesh|newspaper=www.dnaindia.com|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ganesh-bal-the-outsider-on-the-inside-1678970|access-date=11 June 2016|archive-date=15 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715124716/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ganesh-bal-the-outsider-on-the-inside-1678970|url-status=live}}</ref> The film has also been released with 150 prints in Karnataka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mungaru Male - A mega blockbuster| website=[[Sify]] |url=http://sify.com/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=14421312|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070407002509/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=14421312|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2007|access-date=7 November 2016}}</ref> This was the first Indian film ever which ran for over a year in a multiplex: PVR cinemas Bangalore.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070630133855/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/01/19/stories/2007011901850100.htm When it rains, it pours - The Hindu]</ref> ''Mungaaru Male'' was being screened at full theatres, one year after its release.<ref name="renamed_from_7_on_20120719143223">[http://www.ibnlive.com/news/karnatakas-heartthrob-ganesh-secretly-marries/58780-8.html "Karnataka's heartthrob Ganesh secretly marries".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214143851/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/karnatakas-heartthrob-ganesh-secretly-marries/58780-8.html |date=14 February 2008 }} IBN Movies. 12 February 2008. "...''Mungaaru Male'', which broke all records, totally grossed Rs 75 crores. and even completed 50 days at [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]"</ref> According to reports it was the first Kannada film to touch ₹50 crore club in history of [[Kannada film industry]].<ref name="Times"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Mungaru Male Actor - Ganesh Shashank|url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/mungaru-male-actor-ganesh-shashank/articleshow/46691963.cms|website=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|access-date=29 June 2017|archive-date=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206160501/http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/mungaru-male-actor-ganesh-shashank/articleshow/46691963.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com"/>

=== Overseas ===
''Mungaru Male'' was released to 10 countries including the United States, Australia, Singapore, New Zealand, UK, Hong Kong and Dubai. It was the highest-grossing Kannada film overseas.{{citation needed|date=May 2025}} It had made {{INRConvert|36|L|year=2006}} in the US alone.<ref>{{cite web|title=FIRST HIT|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/First-hit/articleshow/21951348.cms|publisher=bangaloremirror.com|access-date=21 February 2023|archive-date=28 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628121744/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/First-hit/articleshow/21951348.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=This success is very special to me|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kannada/interview.php?id=14449310&cid=2404|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407061424/http://www.sify.com/movies/kannada/interview.php?id=14449310&cid=2404|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-04-07|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

===Home media===
The satellite rights were acquired by television channel [[Star Suvarna]] for {{INR}}36 million.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Prasad S.|first1=Shyam|title=My leading men talk like me: Yogaraj Bhat|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/My-leading-men-talk-like-me-Yogaraj-Bhat/articleshow/46499204.cms|access-date=10 October 2015|website=The Times of India|archive-date=27 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827183235/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/My-leading-men-talk-like-me-Yogaraj-Bhat/articleshow/46499204.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The DVD of the film with [[5.1 surround sound]] was distributed by Anand Video.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mungaru Male – 2006 DVD|url=http://www.kannadastore.com/mungaru-male-2006-dvd-p-2258.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010125224/http://www.kannadastore.com/mungaru-male-2006-dvd-p-2258.html|archive-date=10 October 2015|access-date=10 October 2015|website=Kannada Store}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
The film was awarded the Best Kannada Film award for the year 2006–07 by the [[Government of Karnataka]] (seven awards in total from the Government of Karnataka). It won three [[Filmfare awards]]: best music, best direction and best film. However, it did not win a single national award from the [[Government of India|Indian government]].<ref name="State award">{{cite web |title=State awards |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Jul202007/state2007072014050.asp?section=updatenews |access-date=22 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929131626/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Jul202007/state2007072014050.asp?section=updatenews |archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref>

{| class="infobox" style="width:22.7em; text-align:left; font-size:85%; vertical-align:middle; background:#eef;"
|-
| colspan="3" |
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;"
! colspan="3" style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"| Awards and nominations
|- style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"
! style="vertical-align: middle;" | Award
| style="background:#cec; font-size:8pt; width:60px;"| Wins
| style="background:#ecc; font-size:8pt; width:60px;"| Nominations
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|6}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Karnataka State Film Awards]]
|{{won|7}}
|{{nom|7}}
|}
|- style="background:#d9e8ff;"
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |'''Totals'''
|-
| {{won|Awards won}}
| colspan="2" width=50 {{won|8}}
|-
| {{nom|Nominations}}
| colspan="2" width=50 {{nom|13}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ceremony
! Category
! Nominee
! Result
!{{tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! rowspan="7" scope="row" |[[Karnataka State Award]]
| Best Film
|''Mungaru Male''
| {{Won}}
| rowspan="7" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Jul202007/state2007072014050.asp?section=updatenews |title=Deccan Herald - State cine awards: Mungaru Male sweeps six awards |date=29 September 2007 |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929131626/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Jul202007/state2007072014050.asp?section=updatenews |archive-date=29 September 2007 }}</ref> <ref>[http://www.altfg.com/blog/awards/kamataka-state-film-awards-2006-2007/ Karnataka State Film Awards – 2006-2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831085929/http://www.altfg.com/blog/awards/kamataka-state-film-awards-2006-2007/ |date=2011-08-31 }}</ref>
|-
| Best Director
|[[Yogaraj Bhat]]
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Dialogue Writer
| Yogaraj Bhat
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Cinematographer
|[[S. Krishna]]
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Music Director
|[[Mano Murthy]]
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Sound Recording
| Tukaram
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Lyricist
|[[Jayanth Kaikini]]
| {{Won}}
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row" |[[54th Filmfare Awards South]]
| Best Director
| Yogaraj Bhat
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="6" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.ragalahari.com/localevents/11137/filmfare-54th-south-indian-awards.aspx|title=Filmfare 54th South Indian Awards|access-date=17 December 2020|archive-date=2 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502134556/https://www.ragalahari.com/localevents/11137/filmfare-54th-south-indian-awards.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Best film
| Mungaru Male
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Playback Singer – Male
|[[Sonu Nigam]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Actor
|[[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Debut Actress
|[[Pooja Gandhi]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Playback Singer – Female
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| {{nom}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Legacy==
The success of ''Mungaru Male'' turned [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] and [[Pooja Gandhi]] into most sought-after actors in [[Kannada cinema]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newskarnataka.com/sandalwood/can-mungaaru-male-2-recreate-the-magic-of-prequel |title=Mungarumale 2 recreate the magic of prequel |work=newskarnataka |date=10 September 2016 |access-date=11 November 2017 |archive-date=11 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111152215/https://www.newskarnataka.com/sandalwood/can-mungaaru-male-2-recreate-the-magic-of-prequel |url-status=live }}</ref> Ganesh had back-to-back commercial successes in ''[[Cheluvina Chittara]]'' (2007), ''[[Hudugaata]]'' (2007) and ''[[Krishna (2007 film)|Krishna]]'' (2007). Ganesh and Bhat delivered two consecutive films that emerged as commercial successes, the other being ''[[Gaalipata]]'' (2008).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lokesh |first1=Vinay |title=Ganesh in Yogaraj Bhat direction? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Ganesh-in-Yogaraj-Bhat-direction/articleshow/22654049.cms |access-date=1 October 2015 |work=The Times of India |date=17 September 2013 |archive-date=1 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001155916/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Ganesh-in-Yogaraj-Bhat-direction/articleshow/22654049.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film also proved to be a launchpad for the career of actress Pooja Gandhi.<ref name="sify.com">{{cite web|title=Neha Shetty is Mungaru Male 2 Heroine|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/neha-shetty-is-mungaru-male-2-heroine-imagegallery-kannada-phnkgxdgffajf.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714195739/http://www.sify.com/movies/Neha-Shetty-is-Mungaru-Male-2-heroine-imagegallery-Kannada-phnkgxdgffajf.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 July 2015|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Gandhi also delivered back-to-back commercially superhit films such as ''[[Milana (film)|Milana]]'' (2007), ''[[Krishna (2007 film)|Krishna]]'' (2007), ''[[Taj Mahal (2008 film)|Taj Mahal]]'' (2008) and ''[[Budhivanta]]'' (2008).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/cricket-live-score/update-australia-v-new-zealand-t20/inning-1-summary/2547/180468.html |title=Kannada superstar Pooja Gandhi joins JD(S) |work=firstpost |date=12 January 2012 |access-date=5 December 2017 |archive-date=6 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206080021/http://www.firstpost.com/cricket-live-score/update-australia-v-new-zealand-t20/inning-1-summary/2547/180468.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/sriramulu-yeddyurappa-pooja-gandhi-bsr-congress/1/252420.html |title=Sriramulu steals star power from Yeddyurappa as Pooja Gandhi joins BSR Congress |work=indiatoday |date=3 March 2013 |access-date=5 December 2017 |archive-date=19 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019221515/http://m.indiatoday.in/story/sriramulu-yeddyurappa-pooja-gandhi-bsr-congress/1/252420.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Jog Falls attained popularity and became a tourist spot after the film's release.<ref name=dh />

Producer E Krishnappa and distributor Jayanna were raided by the Income Tax department multiple times, who claimed that the film had collected ₹67.5 crore and demanded tax for that amount. After Mungaru Male, two of Ganesh's next films also became super hits.<ref name="bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com" />

===Book===
Bhat wrote about the making of ''Mungaru Male'' in the book ''Haage Summane'', which was released on day of the [[Silver jubilee#South Asian film terminology|silver jubilee]] celebration for the movie.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/gallery/Events/12731.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716203720/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/gallery/Events/12731.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 July 2007 |title=Events – 'Mungaru Male' Grand Silver Jubilee |website=IndiaGlitz |date=11 July 2007 |access-date=7 August 2012}}</ref>

==Remakes==
The movie was remade in Telugu in 2008 as ''[[Vaana (film)|Vaana]]'',<ref name="Telugu" /> in Bengali in 2008 as ''[[Premer Kahini]]'' (with a different climax), in Odia in 2009 as ''Romeo - The Lover Boy''<ref name="vijaykarnataka.com"/> and in Marathi in 2017 as ''Premay Namaha''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Matkari|first=Ganesh|date=3 March 2017|title=Film: Premay Namaha|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/film-premay-namaha/articleshow/57436053.cms|access-date=2020-07-30|website=Pune Mirror|language=en|archive-date=28 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728191428/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/film-premay-namaha/articleshow/57436053.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/from-school-master-to-u-turn-a-look-at-kannada-films-remade-in-other-indian-languages/articleshow/75161463.cms | title=From 'School Master' to 'U Turn': A look at Kannada films remade in other Indian languages | newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=17 November 2022 | archive-date=1 December 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201070045/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/from-school-master-to-u-turn-a-look-at-kannada-films-remade-in-other-indian-languages/articleshow/75161463.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Sequel==
It was announced in July 2014 that Shashank would be directing the sequel of the film, titled ''[[Mungaru Male 2]]''. Ganesh reprised his role in the film, produced by J. Gangadhar under the banner of E. K. Pictures.<ref name="sequel">{{cite news |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2014/munagru-male-2-to-be-directed-by-shashank-155116.html |title=Mungaru Male 2 To Be Directed By Shashank |date=25 July 2014 |publisher=Oneindia |access-date=26 July 2014 |archive-date=26 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726194327/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/news/2014/munagru-male-2-to-be-directed-by-shashank-155116.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The sequel was released in 2016.

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0986329}}

{{Yogaraj Bhat}}
{{Preetham Gubbi}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada}}

[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mano Murthy]]
[[Category:2006 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2000s romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Yogaraj Bhat]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]
[[Category:2006 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2006 musical films]]

Repealing and Amending Act, 2019

2026-03-26T20:01:59Z

Roshni:

{{Short description|Act of the Parliament of India}}
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox legislation
|short_title = Repealing and Amending Act, 2019
|legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
|imagesize = 100
|long_title = An Act to repeal certain enactments and to amend certain other enactments.
|citation = [http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210358.pdf Act No. 31 of 2019]
|territorial_extent = India
|enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha]]
|date_passed = 29 July 2019
|enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha]]
|date_passed2 = 2 August 2019
| assented_by = [[President of India|President]] [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
|date_assented = 8 August 2019
|date_commenced = 8 August 2019
|bill = The Repealing and Amending Bill, 2019
|bill_citation = [https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/The%20Repealing%20and%20Amending%20Bill%2C%202019.pdf Bill No. 188 of 2019]
|bill_date = 25 July 2019
|introduced_by = [[Minister of Law and Justice]] [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]]
|repeals = 58 Acts
|related_legislation = {{ubl|[[Repealing and Amending Act, 2015]]|[[Repealing and Amending (Second) Act, 2015]]|[[Repealing and Amending Act, 2016]]|[[Repealing and Amending Act, 2017]]|[[Repealing and Amending (Second) Act, 2017]]|[[Repealing and Amending Act, 2023]]}}
|status = In force
}}

The '''Repealing and Amending Act, 2019''' is an [[Act of Parliament|Act]] of the [[Parliament of India]] that repealed 58 Acts. It also made minor amendments to the [[Income-tax Act, 1961]] and the [[Indian Institutes of Management Act, 2017]]. The act was the sixth Act aimed at repealing obsolete laws tabled by the [[Narendra Modi]] administration, and the first tabled during its [[Second Modi ministry|second term]]. The government had repealed 1,428 acts during its [[First Modi ministry|first term]] between 2014 and 2019.

==Background and legislative history==
Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] had advocated for the repeal of old laws during his 2014 general election campaign. At the 2015 Economic Times Global Business Summit, Modi stated, "Our country suffers from an excess of old and unnecessary laws which obstruct people and businesses. We began the exercise of identifying unnecessary laws and repealing them. 1,877 Central laws have been identified for repeal."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://niti.gov.in/content/repealing-old-statutes|title = | NITI Aayog}}</ref>

''The Repealing and Amending Bill, 2019'' was introduced in the [[Lok Sabha]] on 25 July 2019 by the [[Minister of Law and Justice]], [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]]. The bill sought to repeal 58 Acts and pass minor amendments to two Acts. The amendments were made to substitute certain words in the ''Income Tax Act, 1961'' and ''The Indian Institutes of Management Act, 2017''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/repealing-and-amending-bill-2019|title=The Repealing and Amending Bill, 2019|date=2019-07-25|website=PRSIndia|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prsindia.org/node/842826/chapters-at-a-glance|title=Chapter At A Glance|website=PRSIndia|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10}}</ref> Moving the bill for a vote in the House on 29 July, Prasad stated that the Modi administration had repealed 1,428 "old and archaic Acts" during its first term. The Minister also noted that most of the laws being repealed were enacted before independence and that only 1,929 old laws had been repealed between 1950 and 2004. Prasad also urged the House to pass the bill unanimously.<ref name="FE"/><ref name="Zee"/><ref name="ANI">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/ls-passes-bill-to-repeal-58-obsolete-acts-in-15-mins20190729205325/|title=LS passes Bill to repeal 58 obsolete Acts in 15 mins|website=www.aninews.in|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10}}</ref>

[[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]] [[Om Birla]] asked the House whether the bill could be passed unanimously. [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] MP for [[Thiruvananthapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Shashi Tharoor]] requested the Speaker push the vote on the bill to the next day and instead permit an hour-long discussion. In response, the Speaker permitted Tharoor to speak for ten minutes and stated that the vote would be held afterwards. Tharoor sought changes to some provisions of the [[Indian Penal Code]] including those concerning [[sedition]]. Prasad replied that he disagreed with Tharoor's demand to repeal the sedition law. In the subsequent vote, the bill was passed unanimously by the Lok Sabha.<ref name="FE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/lok-sabha-passes-bill-to-scrap-58-archaic-laws/1659834/|title=Lok Sabha passes bill to scrap 58 archaic laws|date=2019-07-29|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-10}}</ref><ref name="Zee">{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/lok-sabha-passes-bill-to-repeal-58-obsolete-acts-in-15-minutes-2223125.html|title=Lok Sabha passes bill to repeal 58 obsolete Acts in 15 minutes|date=2019-07-29|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10}}</ref>

Prasad moved the bill in the [[Rajya Sabha]] on 2 August. He stated, "I would urge the House that this is the initiative in the right direction. I would urge this House and through this House the entire country and state governments that periodic review of obsolete and irrelevant laws must become a part of good governance."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/parliament-passes-bill-to-repeal-58-obsolete-laws/story-ZgzMukdqyXG4N7IL60hvcP.html|title=Parliament passes Bill to repeal 58 obsolete laws|date=2019-08-02|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10}}</ref> [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] MP [[K. Keshava Rao]] expressed concern over the repeal of ''The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation (Amendment) Act, 2014'' and ''The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation (Amendment) Act, 2015''. Prasad responded that the state's interest were protected as the provisions of the amendments had been incorporated into the main Act.<ref name="TOI"/>

The Minister also responded to a suggestion to repeal ''The Cinematograph Act, 1952'' stating that he agreed with the idea having previously served as [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of Information and Broadcasting]]. However, he noted that "the film community should have one voice on this". Other members who participated in the discussion included [[Jaya Bachchan]] (SP), [[Prashanta Nanda|Prashant Nanda]] (BJD), [[Subhashish Chakraborty]] (AITC), [[Amee Yajnik]] (Congress), [[A. Navaneethakrishnan]]a (AIADMK), [[Kahkashan Perween]] (JD-U), [[K. Somaprasad]] (CPI-M), Binay Visham (CPI), [[Bhupender Yadav|Bhupendra Yadav]] (BJP), [[Veer Singh (politician)|Veer Singh]] (BJP) and [[Ram Kumar Verma]] (BJP). The bill received support from members across party lines and was passed by the Rajya Sabha through [[voice vote]].<ref name="TOI">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/parliament-approves-bill-to-scrap-58-archaic-laws/articleshow/70499323.cms|title=Parliament approves bill to scrap 58 archaic laws|date=August 2, 2019|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10}}</ref>

The bill received assent from President [[Ram Nath Kovind]] on 8 August, and was notified in ''[[The Gazette of India]]'' on the same date.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210358.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=14 August 2019 |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814070314/http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210358.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Repealed acts==
The 58 acts included in the act's First Schedule were completely repealed.

{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Year
!Act No.
!Short title
|-
|1
|1850
|XII
|The Public Accountants' Defaults Act, 1850
|-
|2
|1881
|XI
|The Municipal Taxation Act, 1881
|-
|3
|1892
|X
|The Government Management of Private Estates Act, 1892
|-
|4
|1956
|69
|The Terminal Tax on Railway Passengers Act, 1956
|-
|5
|1958
|56
|The Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Constitution and Proceedings) Validation Act, 1958
|-
|6
|1960
|22
|The Cotton Transport (Amendment) Act, 1960
|-
|7
|1963
|1
|The Hindi Sahitya Sammelan (Amendment) Act, 1963
|-
|8
|1963
|35
|The Dramatic Performances (Delhi Repeal) Act, 1963
|-
|9
|1964
|10
|The Public Employment (Requirement as to Residence) Amendment Act, 1964
|-
|10
|1968
|49
|The Delhi and Ajmer Rent Control (Nasirabad Cantonment Repeal) Act, 1968
|-
|11
|1973
|56
|The Alcock Ashdown Company Limited (Acquisition of Undertakings) Act, 1973
|-
|12
|1976
|55
|The Iron Ore Mines, Manganese Ore Mines and Chrome Ore Mines Labour Welfare Cess Act, 1976
|-
|13
|1976
|61
|The Iron Ore Mines, Manganese Ore Mines and Chrome Ore Mines Labour Welfare Cess Act, 1976
|-
|14
|1976
|62
|The Beedi Workers Welfare Fund Act, 1976
|-
|15
|1980
|68
|The Tea (Amendment) Act, 1980
|-
|16
|1981
|62
|The Aligarh Muslim University (Amendment) Act, 1981
|-
|17
|1982
|63
|The Road Transport Corporations (Amendment) Act, 1982
|-
|18
|1983
|41
|The Transformers and Switchgear Limited (Acquisition and Transfer Undertakings) Act, 1983
|-
|19
|1988
|22
|The Tamil Nadu Agricultural Service Co-operative Societies(Appointment of Special Officers) Amendment Act, 1988
|-
|20
|1999
|3
|The High Denomination Bank Notes(Demonetisation) Amendment Act, 1998
|-
|21
|2001
|39
|The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2001
|-
|22
|2001
|48
|The Registration and Other Related Laws(Amendment) Act, 2001
|-
|23
|2002
|16
|The Institutes of Technology(Amendment) Act, 2002
|-
|24
|2002
|43
|The Delhi University (Amendment) Act, 2002
|-
|25
|2007
|3
|The Dalmia Dadri Cement Limited (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Amendment Act, 2006
|-
|26
|2007
|28
|The Central Road Fund (Amendment) Act, 2007
|-
|27
|2009
|21
|The Prevention of Money Laundering (Amendment) Act, 2009
|-
|28
|2009
|22
|The Central Industrial Security Force (Amendment) Act, 2009
|-
|29
|2009
|38
|The Central Universities (Amendment) Act, 2009
|-
|30
|2010
|3
|The Civil Defence (Amendment) Act, 2009
|-
|31
|2011
|6
|The Repatriation of Prisoners (Amendment) Act, 2011
|-
|32
|2011
|14
|The Customs (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2011
|-
|33
|2012
|28
|The National Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 2012
|-
|34
|2012
|34
|The Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 2012
|-
|35
|2014
|8
|The Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Amendment Act, 2014
|-
|36
|2014
|9
|The National Institute of Technology, Science Education and Research (Amendment) Act, 2014
|-
|37
|2014
|19
|The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation (Amendment) Act, 2014
|-
|38
|2014
|20
|The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Act, 2014
|-
|39
|2014
|31
|The Merchant Shipping (Amendment) Act, 2014
|-
|40
|2014
|32
|The Merchant Shipping (Second Amendment) Act, 2014
|-
|41
|2014
|39
|The National Capital Territory of Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) Second (Amendment) Act, 2014
|-
|42
|2015
|2
|The Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorised Occupants) Amendment Act, 2015
|-
|43
|2015
|3
|The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2015
|-
|44
|2015
|5
|The Insurance Laws (Amendment) Act, 2015
|-
|45
|2015
|10
|The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015
|-
|46
|2015
|12
|The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation (Amendment) Act, 2015
|-
|47
|2015
|14
|The Regional Rural Banks (Amendment) Act, 2015
|-
|48
|2015
|16
|The Warehousing Corporations (Amendment) Act, 2015
|-
|49
|2015
|21
|The Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015
|-
|50
|2016
|10
|The Election Laws (Amendment) Act, 2016
|-
|51
|2016
|13
|The High Court and the Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Amendment Act, 2016
|-
|52
|2016
|25
|The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016
|-
|53
|2016
|42
|The National Institute of Technology, Science Education and Research (Amendment) Act, 2016
|-
|54
|2016
|45
|The Central Agricultural University (Amendment) Act, 2016
|-
|55
|2016
|48
|The Taxation Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 2016
|-
|56
|2017
|19
|The National Institute of Technology, Science Education and Research (Amendment) Act, 2017
|-
|57
|2017
|21
|The Collection of Statistics (Amendment) Act, 2017
|-
|58
|2017
|25
|The Indian Institutes of Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2017
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Modi administration]]
[[Category:Repealed Indian legislation]]
[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 2019]]

Sand City

2026-03-18T17:36:33Z

Roshni: Put up a place!

'''Sand City''' may refer to:

*[[Sand City, California]], a city in the United States
*[[Sand City (2025 film)|''Sand City'' (2025 film)]], a Bangladeshi film
*''[[Manal Naharam]]'', an Indian film also known as ''Sand City''
{{disambiguation}}

Sherene Rustomjee

2026-03-15T04:34:58Z

Roshni: Started first info added tags

{{Short description|Indian Girl Guide executive}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sherene Rustomjee
| image = File:Sherene_Rustomjee_(1901-1967).png
| caption = Rustomjee from a 1958 newspaper
| other names =
| birth_name = Sherene Behramjee Rustomjee
| birth_date = Approx. 1901<ref>The National Archives in Washington, DC; London, England, UK; Board of Trade: Commercial and Statistical Department and Successors: Inwards Passenger Lists; Class: Bt26; Piece: 1316; Item: 137</ref>
| birth_place = Bombay, India
| death_date = 3 April 1967
| death_place = Ledbury, England
| education =
| occupation = Social worker
| family =Sir [[Hiraji Cursetji]] (uncle)
}}

'''Sherene Rustomjee''' (c.1901 - 3 April 1967) was an [[Scouting and Guiding in India|Indian Girl Guide]] executive and trainer. She worked for the [[Indian Red Cross Society]] Hospital Welfare Service in the 1940s, establishing its first training school in Bangalore. Through her friendship with German physiotherapist [[Erika Leuchtag]], Rustomjee played a small part in helping to plan the [[Tribhuvan of Nepal|King of Nepal's]] escape to India and consequently bringing about the end of the [[Rana dynasty]] in 1951.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nepalitimes.com/here-now/erika-and-king-tribhuvan |title=Erika and King Tribhuvan |author=Alisha Sijapati |website= nepalitimes.com |date= 2020-08-30 |access-date=2025-01-08}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Rustomjee was a Parsee. She was born and grew up in Bombay. She had a brother, Jamie (1904-1984).<ref>{{cite book |date=1940 |last= Hussain |first= Iqbalunnisa |title=Changing India: A Muslim Woman Speaks |publisher=Hosali Press |location=Bangalore, India |page=221}}</ref>

She was good friends with [[Erika Leuchtag]], the German physiotherapist who in 1949 travelled to Nepal to treat King [[Tribhuvan of Nepal]] and his first wife [[Queen Kanti of Nepal]], who were being held captive by Nepal's Prime Minister, [[Mohan Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana]].<ref>{{cite book |date=1958 |last= Leuchtag |first= Erika |title=Erika and the King |publisher=Coward-McCann |location=New York, USA |page=14}}</ref> By collecting and sending Leuchtag clippings from the Indian press that referenced the King, Nepal, the Rana dynasty and the Nepalese Congress party, Rustomjee contributed towards the plans to overthrow the Ranas, and ultimately return the King to the throne.<ref>{{cite book |date=1958 |last= Leuchtag |first= Erika |title=Erika and the King |publisher=Coward-McCann |location=New York, USA |page=212}}</ref>

Rustomjee moved from India to Gloucestershire, England in 1954. She looked after her elderly uncle, Sir [[Hiraji Cursetji]] from 1962 until his death in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |date=1964-07-27 |work=Bristol Evening Post |author= |title=Indian general is killed in West crash |url= https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004769/19640727/019/0019 |page=19 |location=Bristol, UK }}</ref> She died at Ledbury Cottage Hospital.<ref>Birmingham Archives; Birmingham, England; England and Wales Probate Calendar; Reference: 1967QR</ref>

==Girl Guides==
Rustomjee started her Guiding career as captain of 13th Bombay Rangers. She was Girl Guiding's district commissioner for Byculla, Bombay from 1927 to 1929. In 1932 she travelled to England with ten Indian Girl Guides to earn the "Girl Guide diploma". While there they attended a training camp at Albury Park, also attended by the Chief Guide, Lady Baden-Powell.<ref>{{cite news |date=1932-06-11 |work=The Surrey Advertiser |author= |title=Big Guiders' camp at Albury |url= https://www.newspapers.com/image/808955634/?match=1&terms=%22Miss%20Rustomjee%22 |page=9 |location=Surrey, England }}</ref> Upon Rustomjee's return to India she trained Guides, Rangers and their leaders in Bombay and Lahore.<ref>{{cite news |date=1943-01-06 |work=Civil and Military Gazette |author= |title=Girl Guide notes |url= https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19430106/112/0006 |page=6 |location=Lahore, Pakistan }}</ref>

In 1935, in order to "refresh her training", she returned to England, where she attained the red cord diploma. This earned her a mention in [[Iqbalunnisa Hussain]]'s 1940 book "Changing India: A Muslim Woman Speaks".<ref>{{cite book |date=1940 |last= Hussain |first= Iqbalunnisa |title=Changing India: A Muslim Woman Speaks |publisher=Hosali Press |location=Bangalore, India |page=221}}</ref> She then travelled to [[Adelboden]] where she attended international training courses and the Girl Guides Round Table of Trainers.<ref>{{cite book |date=2017 |last=Alexander |first=Kristine |title=Guiding Modern Girls: Girlhood, Empire and Internationalism in 1920s and 1930s |publisher=UBC Press |location=Vancouver, Canada |page=241 |ISBN= 9780774835879}}</ref> Here she discussed the important role Guiding had played in India since its introduction to the country 20 years earlier: "In the early years of Guiding it was not possible to mix girls of different castes and religions; they could not cook together, not eat together. Today, I can safely say […] this attitude has changed; we have come to understand each other's point of view."<ref>{{cite news |date=1936-08-31 |work=Hong Kong Daily Press |author= |title=Girl Guides help in India |url= https://archive.org/details/NPDP19360831/page/1929/mode/2up?q=%22Miss+Rustomjee%22 |page=5 |location=Hong Kong }}</ref>

As a 'member for camping' she wrote an article entitled "Camping in 1935", which appeared in "The Indian Guide" magazine and also in "Matilda" magazine, its Australian counterpart.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=September 1935 |author=S B Rustomjee |title=Camping in 1935 |magazine=Matilda |location=Victoria, Australia |edition=Vol. XII No. 3 |publisher=Girl Guides Victoria |page=3}} </ref> In 1936, Rustomjee met the Chief Guide again, as she was on a tour of India.<ref>{{cite book |date=2017 |last=Alexander |first=Kristine |title=Guiding Modern Girls: Girlhood, Empire and Internationalism in 1920s and 1930s |publisher=UBC Press |location=Vancouver, Canada |page=175 |ISBN= 9780774835879}}</ref>

That same year, Rustomjee published an article entitled "Guiding Mutual Understanding" in [[World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts]] (WAGGGS) ''Council Fire'' magazine, which asked "the movement's self-congratulatory and mostly white imperial internationalists to rethink their assumptions about 'other' populations and parts of the world."<ref>{{cite book |date=2017 |last=Alexander |first=Kristine |title=Guiding Modern Girls: Girlhood, Empire and Internationalism in 1920s and 1930s |publisher=UBC Press |location=Vancouver, Canada |page=175 |ISBN= 9780774835879}}</ref> She would go on to become an Indian correspondent for ''Council Fire'' in the 1940s. She subsequently "gained the attention of the white leadership corps" of the WAGGGS in 1942, when her Guide companies took on the care of 161 Polish children, who had been displaced by the war in Europe. After WWII, WAGGGS appointed her to represent a number of newly independent Asian countries.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Stanhope |first=Sally K |date=2012-07-13 |title="White, black and dusky" Girl Guiding in Malaya, Nigeria, India and Australia from 1906 to 1960" |url=https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=history_theses |work= |degree=MA |location=Georgia, USA |publisher=Georgia State University |access-date=2025-01-20}}</ref> Rustomjee joined the All-India Girl Guides Association committee in 1950.<ref>{{cite book |date=1967 |last=Appadorai |first=A |title=India: Studies in Social and Political development 1947-1967 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |location=Bombay, India |page=63 }}</ref>

After permanently moving to the UK in 1954, she continued her involvement with Guiding, including holding the role of Gloucestershire Guides' extension secretary.<ref>{{cite news |date=1958-07-07 |work=Evening Post |author= |title=The Sports |url= https://www.newspapers.com/image/875182246/?match=1&terms=%22Miss%20Rustomjee%22 |page=19 |location=Gloucester, England }}</ref>

==Red Cross==
===Indian Red Cross welfare service===
In 1944 she became a staff officer for the newly-formed Indian Red Cross Hospital Welfare Service.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=June 1947 |author= |title=Kaisar-I-Hind medal |magazine=Weekly Gazette of India |location=New Delhi, India |publisher=Authority |page=542}} </ref> She was put in charge of its central training school at St Mary's Home in Bangalore, which trained people who would go on to provide welfare services overseas, including Indonesia, Iraq and Iran. She spent time in Burma and Singapore.<ref>{{cite book |date=1953 |last=Raina |first=B L |title=Official History Of The Indian Armed Forces In The Second World War - 1939-45 Medical Services Administration |publisher=Combined Inter Services Historical Section |location=Kanpur, India |page=468 }}</ref>

After the [[partition of India]] in 1947 she worked in camps for refugees from Pakistan.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=May 1967 |author=Freda Chadwick |title=Sherene Rustomjee |magazine=The Guider |location=London, UK |edition=Vol. 54 No. 5 |publisher=Girl Guides Association |page=161}} </ref> In the same year she received the [[Kaisar-i-Hind Medal|Kaisar-i-Hind medal]] for her service.<ref>{{cite news |date=1947-06-12 |work=Weekly Gazette of India |author= |title=Kaisar-i-Hind Medal |url= https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.csl_weekly.1947-06-12.O-2371-1947-0000-110307/page/n3/mode/2up?q=Rustomjee |page=543 |location=New Delhi, India }}</ref>

===British Red Cross===
After moving to the UK in 1954, Rustomjee worked for the Red Cross in Gloucestershire, where her role included running the picture library at [[Cashes Green]] Geriactric Hospital, Stroud.

==Awards and medals==
Rustomjee received the following awards, diplomas and medals:
*Medal of Merit (1927)<ref>{{cite magazine |date=May 1967 |author=Freda Chadwick |title=Sherene Rustomjee |magazine=The Guider |location=London, UK |edition=Vol. 54 No. 5 |publisher=Girl Guides Association |page=161}} </ref>
*Chief's Diploma (1937)
*Jubilee medal (1935)
*[[King George VI Coronation Medal]] (1937)
*[[Indian Independence Medal]] (1947)
*[[Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]] (1947) <ref>{{cite news |date=1947-06-12 |work=Weekly Gazette of India |author= |title=Kaisar-i-Hind Medal |url= https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.csl_weekly.1947-06-12.O-2371-1947-0000-110307/page/n3/mode/2up?q=Rustomjee |page=543 |location=New Delhi, India }}</ref>
*The [[Knights Hospitaller|Order of St John of Jerusalem]]
*[[Burma Star]]

==Further reading==
* Alexander, Kristine ''Guiding Modern Girls: Girlhood, Empire and Internationalism in the 1920s and 1930s'' (2017) Pub. UBC Press {{ISBN| 9780774835879}}

==References==
{{Portal|Biography|Scouting}}
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rustomjee, Sherene}}

[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting]]
[[Category:Girlguiding officials]]
[[Category: Recipients of the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]]

Saumin Mehta

2026-03-07T22:27:54Z

Roshni: Started initial stub more to come

{{short description|Indian film producer and director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Saumin Mehta
| image =
| caption = Saumin Mehta at a film promotion event in Dubai
| birth_name = Saumin Jayprakash Mehta
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1970|08|30}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| education = [[Bachelor of Commerce]]
| alma_mater = [[Don Bosco High School, Matunga]]
| spouse =
| children =
| years_active = 2000{{En dash}}present
| occupation = Film producer, film director
| homepage = {{URL|http://saumin.com/}}
}}
'''''Saumin Mehta''''' is a [[Dubai]]-based film director, [[film producer]], writer, animator, and [[VFX creative director]], known for his work in film production, animation, and [[Post-production]]. He is recognized for his involvement in the production of the critically acclaimed film ''[[Midnight Delight (film)|Midnight Delight]]'' under Dot & Feather Entertainment.<ref>{{cite news |author=TOI Staff |title=Midnight Delight' wins big at the Cannabis Film Festival |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/midnight-delight-wins-big-at-the-cannabis-film-festival/articleshow/47215020.cms |access-date=22 November 2023 |agency=Times of India |date=9 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sachin |first1=Sachin |title=Midnight Delight picks up Best Drama-Comedy award |url=https://www.indusage.com.au/midnight-delight-picks-up-best-drama-comedy-award/|access-date=22 November 2023 |publisher=Indusage |date=21 August 2016}}</ref> His career includes the creation of various films, including the award-winning ''[[Corridor (film)|Corridor]]'', ''The Trip'', ''The Beginning of Our End'', and ''Malcum''. Additionally, he is the co-founder of [[FFTG Awards|FFTG Awards Film Fest]], an annual international digital event based in New York.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saumin Meha - Cofounder |url=https://fftgawards.com/team-member/saumin-mehta-2/ |website=FFTG Awards |access-date=22 November 2023}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=November 2023}}
Born into a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] Business Family in [[Mumbai]], Saumin Mehta completed his [[Bachelor of Commerce]] from the [[University of Mumbai]]. He attended [[Don Bosco High School, Matunga|Don Bosco High School]], [[Matunga]] in Mumbai. Despite working with his father in the family business, he nurtured a lifelong dream of becoming an animator, inspired by Disney.

In 1994, Mehta began learning animation at Microcell Graphics and Graham Computers. His dedication led to his first freelance [[Computer animation|3D animation]] project for the [[Zee TV]] program "It's My Show." Subsequently, he ventured into projects involving 3D walkthroughs and interactive media.

In 1999, Mehta decided to pursue his creative dreams and moved to Dubai, where he entered the growing 3D animation industry. He directed his first [[Independent film|independent feature film]], ''The Trip'', and immersed himself in production and post-production work for TV commercials and ad films for brands such as [[Pepsi]], [[Snickers]], and [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]]. He also created corporate films and informational videos for companies like Emirates and [[Gulf Oil]]. While managing these endeavors, he continued to produce and direct his films.

In 2007, Mehta joined the Brand Management Division of [[MBC Group]], a leading Television Broadcasting Company based in the [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]]. In this role, he focused on post-production work, including visual effects, animation, and VFX supervision.

==Accolades==
* 2012 [[World Music & Independent Film Festival]]- {{Flagu|USA}} - Best short film - nominee - ''[[Corridor (film)|Corridor]]''
* 2016 [Accolade Competition - {{Flagu|USA}} - Winner Award of Merit - Post-production Overall - ''[[Midnight Delight (film)|Midnight Delight]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roopa |first1=Modha |title=Midnight Delight wins six awards in Accolade Global Film Competition! |url=https://urbanasian.com/featured/2016/06/midnight-delight-wins-six-awards-in-accolade-global-film-competition/ |access-date=22 November 2023 |publisher=Urban Asian |date=17 June 2016}}</ref>
* 2016 International Filmmaker festival of World Cinema - Milan, {{Flagu|Italy}} - Nominee - Best Animated Sequence.
* 2016 Camp Cult Classic Festival - {{Flagu|USA}} - Winner - Best Film.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Staff |title=Midnight Delight wins Classics award at the 2016 Camp Cult Classics Film Festival! |url=https://urbanasian.com/featured/2016/04/midnight-delight-wins-classics-award-at-the-2016-camp-cult-classics-film-festival/ |access-date=23 November 2023 |publisher=Urban Aisan |date=5 April 2016}}</ref>
* 2016 iChill International Film Fest<ref>{{cite web |title=Winner films for the July 2016 edition of iChill International Film Festival |url=https://ichilltheatercafe.com/winner-films-july-2016-edition-ichill-international-film-festival/ |website=iChill Theater Cafe |access-date=23 November 2023}}</ref> - Manila, {{Flagu|Philippines}} - Nominee - Most Controversial Film. ''[[Midnight Delight (film)|Midnight Delight]]''
* 2016 Cannabis Film Festival - {{Flagu|USA}} - Winner - Best Film of the festival.''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roopa |first1=Modha |title=Midnight Delight' wins big at the Cannabis Film Festival |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/midnight-delight-wins-big-at-the-cannabis-film-festival/articleshow/47215020.cms |access-date=23 November 2023 |publisher=Times of India |date=9 May 2015}}</ref>[[Midnight Delight (film)|Midnight Delight]]''
* 2016 - [[Buffalo Dreams Fantastic Film Festival]] - {{Flagu|USA}} - Winner - Best Comedy Feature.''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Halen |first1=Adrian |title=Buffalo Dreams Fantastic Film Festival Announces 10 Day Slate |url=https://horrornews.net/113182/buffalo-dreams-fantastic-film-festival-announces-10-day-slate/ |website=HNN |access-date=23 November 2023}}</ref>[[Midnight Delight (film)|Midnight Delight]]''
* 21st Indie Gathering international Film Festival - {{Flagu|USA}} - Winner - Best Film - ''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Modha |first1=Roopa |title=Film festival favorite, Midnight Delight, to 'light' up your world with July 21, 2016 release! |url=https://urbanasian.com/whats-happenin/2016/07/film-festival-favorite-midnight-delight-to-light-up-your-world-with-july-21-2016-release/ |access-date=23 November 2023 |publisher=Urban Asian |date=12 July 2016}}</ref>[[Midnight Delight (film)|Midnight Delight]]''

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Film
!Director
!Producer
!Writer
!Animator
!class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2000
|''The Trip''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|feature film
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2012
|''Exeunt''
|
|
|
|
|digital effects - short film
|-
| style="text-align:center;"rowspan="2"|2013
|''Sarla''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|short film
|-
|''[[Corridor (film)|Corridor]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|short film
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2016
|''[[Midnight Delight (film)|Midnight Delight]]''
|
|{{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
|creative producer, Post-production - feature film
|-
| style="text-align:center;"rowspan="4"|2021
|''Malculm''
|
|{{yes}}
|
|
|short film
|-
|''Clepto''
|
|{{yes}}
|
|
|short film
|-
|''Not a Flash Light''
|
|{{yes}}
|
|
|short film
|-
|''The Beginning of Our End''
|{{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
|
|short film
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://saumin.com Official Website]
*''{{IMDb name|3370448}}''

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehta, Saumin}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Films shot in Dubai]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Indian animated film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Emirati film producers]]
[[Category:Emirati film directors]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:1970 births]]

Charles Dellon

2026-03-05T22:37:18Z

Roshni: created a stub...

{{Short description|French explorer and physician}}
'''Charles Gabriel Dellon''' (17 December 1649, [[Agde]] – c. 1710), also known as Gabriel Dellon, was a 17th-century French physician and writer, mostly known for his work ''Relation de l'Inquisition de Goa'' published in 1687.<ref>[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57889g ''Relation de l'Inquisition de Goa'']</ref>

Dellon traveled widely during his life. Aged 17, he embarked in [[Port-Louis, Morbihan|Port-Louis]] ([[Morbihan]]) as second surgeon on board the ship ''La Force''. He landed in [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]], [[Portuguese India]], in 1673 and had serious problems with the [[Portuguese Inquisition]]. Back in France, he completed his studies and entered the service of [[Prince de Conti]]. He later married the daughter of a wealthy butcher and settled in Paris, where he died around 1710.

The work for which he is known, ''Relation de l'lnquisition de Goa'', published for the first time in 1687 in [[Leiden]] and in 1688 in Paris, was a great success, immediately translated into German, English and Dutch and reedited several times during the 18th century.{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}} In this book, Dellon narrates his trial and incarceration by the Portuguese [[Inquisition]] in [[Goa]], Daman and later in Brazil and Lisbon, totaling 18 months. He was accused of denying the validity of baptism and having blasphemed against the adoration of a crucifix, and in addition to having criticized the Inquisition. He was [[excommunication|excommunicated]], saw all his property confiscated, and was sentenced to five years of [[Galley slave|galleys]]. This story had an enormous influence on later writers, such as [[Voltaire]], who drew inspiration in his ''[[Candide]]''.{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}}

Dellon also wrote [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k102749p ''Relation d'un voyage des Indes orientales''] and [https://books.google.com/books?id=T0dCAAAAcAAJ&dq=Trait%C3%A9+des+maladies+particuli%C3%A8res+aux+pays+orientaux&pg=PA1 ''Traité des maladies particulières aux pays orientaux''].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
''L'Inquisition de Goa. La relation de Charles Dellon (1687)''. Étude, édition & notes de Charles Amiel & Anne Lima, {{Ill|Chandeigne|fr}}, 1997.

== External links ==
* [http://www.persee.fr/doc/hispa_0007-4640_1998_num_100_1_4967_t1_0201_0000_2 L'inquisition de Goa. La relation de Charles Dellon (1687)] on [http://www.persee.fr Persée]
* [http://dadun.unav.edu/bitstream/10171/27929/1/22_Vangipurapu.pdf Charles Dellon's ''Relation de l'Inquisition de Goa'' as a Site of Conflict Between a Theocentric and an Anthropocentric World]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dellon, Charles}}
[[Category:17th-century French medical doctors]]
[[Category:17th-century French explorers]]
[[Category:17th-century French writers]]
[[Category:17th-century French male writers]]
[[Category:Inquisition]]
[[Category:1649 births]]
[[Category:People from Agde]]
[[Category:1710 deaths]]

Mahanayika

2026-03-04T00:30:09Z

Roshni: Stub

{{for|the actress|Suchitra Sen}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mahanayika
| image = Mahanayika bengali film poster.jpg
| alt = Mahanayika 2016 Bengali movie
| caption = ''Mahanayika'''s Bengali film poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[Saikat Bhakat]]
| producer = Ramkrishna Banerjee
| writer = Saikat Bhakat
| screenplay =Saikat Bhakat, Swagata Chakraborty Bhakat
| starring = {{ubl|[[Rituparna Sengupta]]|[[Indraneil Sengupta]]|[[Soumitra Chatterjee]]|[[Saheb Chatterjee]]|[[Chandan Sen]]|[[Sudipa Basu]]}}
| narrator = 
| music = Nachiketa
| studio = RKB Films
| distributor = RKB Films
| released = {{film date|2016|2|12|India}}
| runtime = 2 hrs 13 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget =₹ 1,00,00,000/-
}}

'''''Mahanayika''''' is a 2016 Indian Bengali [[drama|drama film]] written and directed by [[Saikat Bhakat]], and starring [[Rituparna Sengupta]], [[Indraneil Sengupta]], [[Soumitra Chatterjee]], and [[Saheb Chatterjee]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Mahanayika/movie-review/51009644.cms | title=Mahanayika Movie Review | work=The Times of India | date=16 February 2016 | access-date=3 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/rituparna-sengupta-to-play-suchitra-sen-in-mahanayika/articleshow/48108236.cms | title=Rituparna Sengupta to play Suchitra Sen in 'Mahanayika'| work=India Times | date=17 July 2016 | access-date=3 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="Times of India 11 April 2016">{{cite news|last1=Mazumdar|first1=Shreyanka|title=review: Mahanayika|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Mahanayika/articleshow/51776804.cms|access-date=23 May 2016|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=11 April 2016}}</ref>

==Plot==
Shakuntala Sen ([[Rituparna Sengupta]]) is the princess of the glamour world. Her lover Aniruddha Mukherjee ([[Saheb Chatterjee]]) is a hero. Aniruddha's father Arindam ([[Soumitra Chatterjee]]) is the biggest producer of the film world. Shakuntala's would be father in law wants a hold on her career. Somehow Shakuntala agrees when she counts it as a question of stability of her future and decides to marry Aniruddha.

But a new crisis arises when detective officer Priyabrato Roy ([[Indraneil Sengupta]]) arrives in her life to exhume the black incidents from her past. She feels victimized and exploited by Priyobrata as he goes on revealing some bitter truths and dark secrets to her. We even see her go to bed with Priyabrato to settle everything. But at the end, we realise that Priyabrato doesn't exist in reality but as her conscience that reminds her of her past relationships and how Rajat's love was unrequited by her. By this time, she has been sufficiently panged to break relations with Mukherjee family, only to return to work and focus on her career once again.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Rituparna Sengupta]] as Shakuntala Sen
* [[Indraneil Sengupta]] as Priyabrato Roy
* [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] as Arindam Mukherjee
* [[Saheb Chatterjee]] as Aniruddha Mukherjee
* [[Chandan Sen]]
* [[Sudipa Basu]]
{{div col end}}

==Production==
The original working title of the film was ''Nayika'', but the director Saikat Bhakat changed it to ''Mahanayika''. In January 2015, it was revealed that debutante director Saikat Bhakat had brought Rituparna Sengupta aboard her project ''Mahanayika'' to play the lead role of Rituparna Sengupta,<ref name="Times of India 16 July 2015">{{cite news|last1=Sinha|first1=Jayanta|title=Rituparna Sengupta to play Mahanayika Suchitra Sen?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Rituparna-Sengupta-to-play-Mahanayika-Suchitra-Sen/articleshow/48094971.cms|access-date=23 May 2016|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=16 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Economic Times 17 July 2015">{{cite news|last1=Press Trust of India|author-link=Press Trust of India|title=Rituparna Sengupta to play Suchitra Sen in 'Mahanayika' |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/48108236.cms|access-date=23 May 2016|publisher=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]|date=17 July 2015}}</ref> and even though inspired by the life of [[Suchitra Sen]] the project would not be a [[biopic]].<ref name="Hindustan Times 8 July 2015">{{cite news|last1=Acharya|first1=Anindita|title=Mahanayika not a biopic on Suchitra Sen: Saikat Bhakat|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/mahanayika-not-a-biopic-on-suchitra-sen-saikat-bhakat/story-o9Y8YrqbYbfTXILJQOARJO.html|access-date=23 May 2016|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=8 July 2015}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The album, containing 9 songs, were created by Nachiketa and Rabindranath Tagore. The lyrics are penned by Nachiketa and Rabindranath Tagore. The music is distributed by Assure Digital Services Pvt. Ltd.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!S. No.
!Song title
!Music
!Singer(s)
!Duration
|-
|'''1'''
|"Aji Jharer Raate"
|[[Rabindranath Tagore]]
|[[Mousumi Banerjee]]
|4:28
|-
|'''2'''
|"Amra Dujon" (Female)
|[[Nachiketa Chakraborty|Nachiketa]]
|[[Moumita Ghosh]]
|3:37
|-
|'''3'''
|"Amra Dujon" (Male)
|Nachiketa
|[[Rajarshi Seal]]
|3:37
|-
|'''4'''
|"Dang Dang"
|Nachiketa
|[[Sumana Ray]], [[Ishaksha Nath Dey]]
|5:07
|-
|'''5'''
|"E Nachi"
|Nachiketa
|Nachiketa
|3:54
|-
|'''6'''
|"Jaago"
|Nachiketa
|Nachiketa
|3:34
|-
|'''7'''
|"Kato Chena Mukh"
|Nachiketa
|Nachiketa
|5:06
|-
|'''8'''
|"O Chand"
|Rabindranath Tagore
|[[Srabani Sen]]
|3:51
|-
|'''9'''
|"Tor Raat Jaga"
|Nachiketa
|[[Dhansiri Chakraborty]]
|4:22
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{portalbar|Film|India}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}

[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films based on biographies]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2016 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rabindranath Tagore]]
[[Category:Films scored by Nachiketa Chakraborty]]
[[Category:Films about actors]]
[[Category:Films about film directors and producers]]
[[Category:Films about filmmaking]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Police detective films]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the West Bengal Police]]
[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:2010s police procedural films]]

Ring Master

2026-03-03T20:42:16Z

Roshni: added new pg basic info

{{See also|Ringmaster (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ring Master
| image = Ring Master.jpg
| director = [[Rafi Mecartin|Rafi]]
| producer = Vaishak Rajan
| writer = [[Rafi Mecartin|Rafi]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Dileep]]|[[Keerthy Suresh]]|[[Honey Rose]]|[[Kalabhavan Shajon]]|[[Suraj Venjaramoodu]]}}
| music = [[Gopi Sunder]]
| cinematography = [[Shaji Kumar]]
| editing = Shyam Sasidharan
| studio = Vaishaka Cynyma
| distributor = Vaishaka Cynyma & Popcorn Entertainments
| released = {{Film date|2014|04|12|df=yes}}
| runtime = 153 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| budget = {{INR|7 cr}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Mr Fraud Costs Rs 12 Crores, Gangster Rs 8 Crores|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2014/mr-fraud-costs-rs-7-crores-gangster-rs-8-crores-135122.html|work=OneIndia|date=27 March 2014|accessdate=8 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914090127/http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2014/mr-fraud-costs-rs-7-crores-gangster-rs-8-crores-135122.html|url-status=live|archivedate=14 September 2014}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}25 cr <ref name="sify"/>
}}

'''''Ring Master''''' is a [[List of Malayalam films of 2014|2014]] Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[comedy film]] written and directed by [[Rafi Mecartin|Rafi]], starring [[Dileep]] in the role of a [[animal training|dog trainer]] in clinic.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2013/dec/24/a-circus-of-fun-and-frolic-555029.html|title=A Circus of Fun and Frolic|website=The New Indian Express|date=24 December 2013 |access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325042400/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2013/dec/24/A-Circus-of-Fun-and-Frolic-555029.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Keerthy Suresh]], [[Honey Rose]], [[Kalabhavan Shajon]], [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]], and [[Guinness Pakru]] play the other characters. The film was released on 12 April 2014 to positive response. The film was a commercial success at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/547879/20140413/ring-master-review-dileep-positive-response-malayalam.htm |title='Ring Master' Review Roundup: Dileep's Film Gets Positive Response - IBTimes India |publisher=Ibtimes.co.in |date=2014-04-13 |accessdate=2020-03-25 |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413191626/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/547879/20140413/ring-master-review-dileep-positive-response-malayalam.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
The movie starts with Prince, who is working as [[Dog training|dog trainer]] in a [[Veterinary hospital|dog clinic]] owned by his friend Dr. Muthu, and Peter is filming a documentary of the clinic. His life changes when an affluent rich lady Elizabeth and her female dog Lisa enters his life. Elizabeth appoints Prince as a caretaker for her dogs on the condition that Lisa, one of her pet should never get pregnant. However, Prince fails at the dire moment, when Toby, the guide dog of visually challenged Karthika mates with Lisa. Things get worse, when Lisa delivers four puppies, but unfortunately she dies in labor, along with three of her kids. Prince names the lone puppy 'Diana', whom he raises with utmost care. Despite a rough start, Prince and Karthika gets along and become close friends. Diana becomes famous after she acts in a movie which marks Peter's directional debut, which eventually becomes a [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|superhit]]. Later on she does a movie with the actress Diana who had betrayed Prince earlier.

A heartbroken Prince once remembers all about his sweet past with the then student Diana, whose real name was Sarasamma. It was upon her father's request that Prince came up with the new name for his prospective sweetheart. As Diana grew to be talented and a beautiful woman, Prince strived to the fullest to bring her to the silver screen. As fame, followed by a sense of ungratefulness begins to rack in, Diana publicly disowned Prince, which made him an object of heavy ridicule in front of his people. It was that humiliation which pitted Prince to go all out against his former love interest.

Prince, with a huge support of his friends, including Karthika, survives every plot the actress Diana sets against the canine Diana and her master. In the meantime, Elizabeth learns that her dog Lisa was canine Diana's mother, and sues Prince for title of his dog's ownership.

At last, Prince wins the case for keeping the canine Diana, on the grounds of his boundless love towards his dog, while the actress Diana learns the lesson that fame is not everything, and even a dog can outfame a human, when the time is right. In the aftermath that follows, Peter gets married, Dr. Muthu opens a hospital in his own name, and most significantly, Karthika undergoes a successful eye surgery and starts a new life with her guardian angel Prince.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]] as Prince, a [[dog trainer]] at his friend Dr. Muthu's veterinary clinic and owner of the Canine Diana
* [[Keerthy Suresh]] as Karthika (Karthu), a blind lady and the owner of Toby who becomes the Prince's girlfriend and later on his wife
* [[Honey Rose]] as Diana (Sarasamma), Prince's ex-girlfriend and Lady superstar in the film industry
**[[Nandana Varma]] as Young Sarasamma aka Diana
* [[Kalabhavan Shajon]] as Dr. Muthu, a veterinary doctor and Prince's friend
* [[Aju Varghese]] as Peter, an aspiring filmmaker and Prince's and Muthu's friend
* [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]] as Chackochan, Prince's father
* [[Rafi Mecartin|Rafi]] as Director Ravishankar (Paambu Ravi)
* [[Abu Salim (actor)|Abu Salim]] as Circle Inspector Pramod
* [[Mohan Jose]] as Nicholas, Diana's father
* [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]] as Elizabeth
* [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] as [[Lawyer|Adv.]] Shravan, Prince's lawyer
* [[Guinness Pakru]] as Sathyavel (Bachan Kunju), Muthu's father
* [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]] as Paul, Elizabeth's husband (guest appearance)
* [[Kalabhavan Haneef]] as Narayanan
* [[Anand (actor)|Anand]] as Raju, Mini's husband
* [[Saju Kodiyan]] as Ajay, Production controller
* [[Neena Kurup]] as Mini, Karthika's sister and Raju's wife
* [[Nisha Sarang]] as Nandini, Sathyavel's wife
* Indulekha as Interviewer
* Ancy as Lady at the animal hospital
* [[Shiju]] as Kishore Kumar
* Dinesh Panikker as Interviewer
* [[Chembil Ashokan]] as Isaac, Petcare Driver
* Molly Kannamaly as Paruvamma
* Eloor George as George
* Basil as Diana's bodyguard
* [[Chali Pala]] as Chacko
* [[Sadiq (Indian actor)|Sadiq]] as Sudeep Menon, Cultural Minister
* [[Mafia Sasi]] as Venu, Stunt Master
* [[Kollam Thulasi]] as Opponent Leader
* [[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as Chief Minister Ayyappan Kurup
* [[Sajitha Betti]] as Nandini, Wife of Kishore Kumar
* Lakshmipriya as Advocate
* Manjusha Sajish as Nurse
* [[Balachandran Chullikad]] as Justice Sathyanathan Pillai
* [[Anil Murali]] as Adv. Ramabhadran
* [[Narayanankutty]] as Doctor
* Augustina Aju as Peter's wife (Cameo)
* Vasanthi as junior artist<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/06/07/junior-dancer-action-star-vasanthi.html | title=From junior dancer to action star in 'Vikram': Vasanthi's blockbuster debut! | access-date=12 July 2022 | archive-date=12 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712001744/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/06/07/junior-dancer-action-star-vasanthi.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
{{colend}}

==Production==
In September 2013 it was reported that [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]]'s next comedy film would be ''Ring Master'' and that it would be the inaugural venture of Rafi as an independent director after separating from [[Rafi-Mecartin]] duo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/97829.html |title=IndiaGlitz - Rafi's Ring Master - Malayalam Movie News |website=www.indiaglitz.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225123922/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/97829.html |archive-date=25 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dileep was chosen to play the lead role of an animal trainer in the film. He underwent a special training for the same and was trained by animal experts from across the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Dileep-is-in-love-with-dogs-/articleshow/27841448.cms|title=Dileep is in love with dogs ! - Times of India|website=The Times of India|last1=Pillai|first1=Radhika C.|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=26 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326191535/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Dileep-is-in-love-with-dogs-/articleshow/27841448.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Miya (actress)|Miya]] was initially cast for one of the lead female role (which was actually done by Keerthy), but she dropped out of the project due to date clashes with her debut Tamil film <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Keerthy-replaces-Mia-in-Ring-Master/articleshow/26909738.cms|title=Keerthy replaces Mia in Ring Master - Times of India|website=The Times of India|last1=Soman|first1=Deepa|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505011035/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Keerthy-replaces-Mia-in-Ring-Master/articleshow/26909738.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and was later replaced by Keerthi Suresh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/keerthi-replaces-mia-in-malayalam-film-ring-master/438258-71-175.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903233411/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/keerthi-replaces-mia-in-malayalam-film-ring-master/438258-71-175.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-09-03|title=News18.com: CNN-News18 Breaking News India, Latest News Headlines, Live News Updates|website=News18}}</ref> Keerthi essayed the role of a visually challenged girl in the film.<ref name="auto"/> [[Honey Rose]] was signed for another lead female role and she stated "My character Diana has negative shades but she is an interesting character".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Its-Christmas-on-the-set-for-Honey-Rose/articleshow/27852639.cms|title=It's Christmas on the set for Honey Rose - Times of India|website=The Times of India|last1=Prakash|first1=Asha|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=24 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824062500/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Its-Christmas-on-the-set-for-Honey-Rose/articleshow/27852639.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keralascreen.com/ring-master-malayalam-movie-full-movie-report-images-review-ring-master-teaser/ |title=Ring Master Malayalam Movie, Full Movie report, Images, Review, Ring master teaser |website=www.keralascreen.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405204214/http://www.keralascreen.com/ring-master-malayalam-movie-full-movie-report-images-review-ring-master-teaser/ |archive-date=5 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The film's Music Director by [[Gopi Sunder]]. Lyrics by [[Nadirsha]] and Hari Narayanan

{{Infobox album
| name = Ring Master (2014)
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Gopi Sunder]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2014|4|12}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=14|s=22}}
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| label = [[Manorama Music]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Tracklist
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 14:22

| title1 = Kannimasam
| extra1 = [[Vijay Yesudas]], [[Jassie Gift]], Nadirsha, Gopi Sundar, [[Sayanora Philip]]
| lyrics1 = Nadirsha
| length1 = 4:12

| title2 = Dayana
| extra2 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| lyrics2 = Hari Narayanan
| length2 = 5:42

| title3 = Aaro Aaro Chare
| extra3 = [[Najim Arshad]]
| lyrics3 = Hari Narayanan
| length3 = 4:28

}}

==Box office==
''Ring Master'' was a commercial success. In [[Kerala]], the film earned a distributor's share around {{INR}}6 – 7 [[crore]] in 50 days run.<ref name="sify">{{cite web|title=Kerala Box-Office – April 10 to June 15 – Summer Hits|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15057846|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204000016/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15057846|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 February 2018|website=[[Sify]]|accessdate=17 June 2014}}</ref> The film collected {{USD}}15,159 from UK box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/uk/yearly/?yr=2014&sort=gross&order=DESC&pagenum=4&p=.htm|title=United Kingdom and Ireland and Malta Yearly Box Office|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=30 December 2014|access-date=6 December 2016|archive-date=5 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205214124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/uk/yearly/?yr=2014&sort=gross&order=DESC&pagenum=4&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="sify"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|3674116}}

{{Rafi Mecartin}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Gopi Sundar]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films about dogs]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pollachi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]

Singodari

2026-03-02T21:51:03Z

Roshni: Started the stub first draft

{{short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Singodari
| native_name =
| settlement_type = village
| government_type = [[Sarpanch]]
| governing_body = [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_water_percent =

| area_total_ha = 269.57
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 588
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = UTC+5.30
| utc_offset1 =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 332311<ref>{{cite web |title=Pin Code 332311 and Post Offices under 332311 Postal Code |url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/pincode/332311/ |website=www.mapsofindia.com |access-date=2021-05-24}}</ref>
| area_code_type = Village Code
| area_code = 081358
| website = {{URL|sikar.rajasthan.gov.in}}
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sikar district|Sikar]]
| coordinates = {{coord|27.62|N|75.15|E|display=inline,title}}
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Sex Ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1000/921 [[Male|♂]]/[[Woman|♀]]
}}

'''Singodari '''(सिंगोदडी) is a village in the [[Laxmangarh]] [[tehsil|administrative region]] of [[Sikar district]] of [[India]]n state [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhārata Kī Janagaṇanā, 1981, Rājasthāna. Śr̥ṅkhalā 18 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Bh%C4%81rata_K%C4%AB_Janaga%E1%B9%87an%C4%81_1981/dEocFO7jMscC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Singodari&dq=Singodari&printsec=frontcover |accessdate=18 May 2017}}</ref>

==About Singodari==
It is situated 5km away from sub-district headquarter Lachhmangarh (tehsildar office) and 33km away from district headquarter Sikar. As per 2009 stats, Singodara is the gram panchayat of Singodari village. According to Census 2011, the location code or village code of Singodari is 081358. The village spans a total geographical area of 269.57 hectares, and the pincode of the locality is 332311. Lachhmangarh is nearest town to Singodari village for all major economic activities, which is approximately 5km away.

==Population==
588<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2011 |title= Singodari village Population, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/api/tables/data/2011/PC11_PCA-TV/255?_source=dt&labels=indicator&state=8&district=111&subdistrict=552&town_village=81358&geo_level=4&format=csv |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260205144041/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/api/tables/data/2011/PC11_PCA-TV/255?_source=dt&labels=indicator&state=8&district=111&subdistrict=552&town_village=81358&geo_level=4&format=csv |archive-date=5 February 2026}}</ref> (Males: 306, Females: 282) (As per Census-2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/81358-singodari-rajasthan.html|title=Census 2011 data|website=Census of India|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524130950/https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/81358-singodari-rajasthan.html|archive-date=24 May 2017}}</ref>

==Nearest villages==
* [[Peepli, Laxmangarh| Peepli]]
* Antroli
* [[Basni, Laxmangarh| Basni]]
* [[Singodara]]
* Dholas
* Shyorana Ka Bas
* Narodara

== See also ==
{{div col begin|colwidth=10em}}
* [[Alakhpura Bogan]]
* [[Balaran, Sikar|Balaran]]
* [[Bau Dham]]
* [[Bhoodha Ka Bas]]
* [[Bhuma]]
* [[Beedasar]]
* [[Bidsar]]
* [[Birodi Bari]]
* [[Birodi Chhoti, India|Birodi Chhoti]]
* [[Churimiyan]]
* [[Jhadhewa, Sikar|Jhadhewa]]
* [[Khuri Bari]]
* [[Khuri Chhoti]]
* [[Roru]]
* [[Sankhu, Sikar|Sankhu]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Singodari,+Rajasthan+332311,+India/@27.838147,75.056741,481m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x396cab5994e3cdc5:0x33d029d6803e32b9!8m2!3d27.8382261!4d75.0567341!16s%2Fg%2F1hhx6yjyr?hl=en-US&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDcxMy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D Google map view of Singodari]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130613000740/http://www.rajsec.rajasthan.gov.in/Sarpanch.pdf Details of sarpanch in Sikar district]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121005161012/http://sikar.nic.in/ Official web page of Sikar district]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121104173701/http://www.rajpanchayat.gov.in/common/sidelinks/panchayat.htm List of all villages of Rajasthan with their panchayat samiti]

[[Category:Villages in Sikar district]]

Mulk (film)

2026-03-02T10:08:55Z

Roshni: expanded intro for consistency

{{short description|2018 Indian film directed by Anubhav Sinha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mulk
| image = Mulk - 2018 Movie Poster.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Anubhav Sinha]]
| producer = Deepak Mukut [[Anubhav Sinha]]
| writer = [[Anubhav Sinha]]
| starring = [[Rishi Kapoor]] [[Taapsee Pannu]]
| music = '''Songs:''' Prasad Sashte [[Anurag Saikia]] '''Score:''' Mangesh Dhakde
| cinematography = [[Ewan Mulligan]] Kavita Sachdeva Wani
| editing = [[Ballu Saluja]]
| studio = [[Benaras Media Works]] Soham Rockstar Entertainment
| distributor = [[Zee Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|2018|08|03|df=yes}}
| runtime = 140 minutes<ref name="Mulk">{{Cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/mulk-2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731174720/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/mulk-2018|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 July 2018|title=Mulk|publisher=British Board of Film Classification|language=en|access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref>
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|19 [[crore]]|link=yes}}<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3808|title=Mulk (2018) - Movie - Box Office India|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|28.33 crore}}<ref name="Bollywood Hungama">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-break-mulk/|title=Box office Worldwide and days wise break up of Mulk|date=4 August 2018|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref>
}}

'''''Mulk''''' ({{IPA|hi|mʊlk}}; {{translation|Country}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[legal drama]] film written, produced and directed by [[Anubhav Sinha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/who-is-anubhav-sinha-the-filmmaker-who-strikes-a-chord/article24726914.ece|title=Who is Anubhav Sinha, the filmmaker who strikes a chord|newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 August 2018|last1=Joshi|first1=Namrata}}</ref> The film is set against the backdrop of a [[Islam|Muslim family]] and was distributed by [[Zee Studios]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/mulk/ET00076174|title=Mulk(2018) - Release Date, Cast, Review|last=|first=|date=|website=BookMyShow|access-date=}}</ref> Filmed across in [[Varanasi]] and [[Lucknow]], it stars [[Rishi Kapoor]] and [[Taapsee Pannu]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rishi-kapoor-surprises-fans-with-his-new-look-for-mulq-then-shares-102-not-out-bonanza-pic/story-GBY9SnQunCI9JZwd3jXwTI.html|title=Rishi Kapoor surprises fans with his new look for Mulq. Then shares 102 Not Out bonanza pic|date=2017-10-17|work=www.hindustantimes.com/|access-date=2017-10-17|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/rishi-kapoor-unveils-his-mulq-look-on-twitter-teases-set-photos-from-102-not-out-4150861.html|title=Rishi Kapoor unveils his Mulq look on Twitter; teases set photos from 102 Not Out|date=2017-10-17|work=Firstpost|access-date=2017-10-17|language=en-US}}</ref>

The story centers around the life of a [[Islam|Muslim]] family, who tries to reclaim its lost honor after a family member gets involved in terrorism.<ref name="TH">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mulk-presents-my-version-of-nationalism/article24370548.ece |title=Mulk presents my version of nationalism |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 July 2018 |last1=Kumar |first1=Anuj }}</ref> The supporting cast of the film includes [[Rajat Kapoor]], [[Manoj Pahwa]], [[Prateik Babbar]], [[Ashutosh Rana]], [[Neena Gupta]], [[Prachee Shah Paandya]] and [[Indraneil Sengupta]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/movie-masti/news-from-bollywood/rishi-kapoor-starrer-mulq-first-look-release/articleshow/61113064.cms|title=ऋषि कपूर की 'मुल्क' का फर्स्ट लुक जारी - Navbharat Times|date=2017-10-17|work=Navbharat Times|access-date=2017-10-17}}</ref><ref name="Mulk"/>

Initially slated to open in cinemas on 13 July 2018, ''Mulk'' eventually released in theatres on 3 August 2018.<ref name="Bollywood Hungama"/> Succeeding commercially to recoup its budget, ''Mulk'' earned widespread acclaim for its story, screenplay, execution and cast portrayals and has received awards such as the [[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]] and [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film|Best Film]] at [[Filmfare Awards]].<ref name="auto"/>

== Plot ==
Mulk revolves around the struggles of a Muslim joint family from a town in India, who fight to reclaim their honor after a member of their family takes to terrorism.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/mulk-rishi-kapoors-character-reportedly-based-on-real-life-story-of-a-terrorists-father-4189335.html|title=Mulk: Rishi Kapoor's character reportedly based on the real-life story of a terrorist's father|work=www.firstpost.com}}</ref>

Murad Ali Mohammed ([[Rishi Kapoor]]), a lawyer by profession, lives amiably with his family in a densely populated diverse locality of Varanasi. His daily routine includes [[Namaz]] at a nearby mosque followed by some chit-chat over a cup of tea from a tea stall managed and owned by one of his close Hindu neighbors. His close-knit family consists of his wife Tabassum ([[Neena Gupta]]), brother Bilaal ([[Manoj Pahwa]]) who owns a mobile phone shop, sister-in-law Chhoti-Tabassum ([[Prachee Shah Pandya]]), nephew Shahid ([[Prateik Babbar]]) and niece Aayat (Eshita Singh, credited as Vartika Singh). Murad's son Aftab ([[Indraneil Sengupta]]) lives abroad with his wife Aarti ([[Taapsee Pannu]]), who is also a lawyer and is estranged from the family.

The story begins on the day of Murad's 65th birthday, when Aarti comes to visit them. The family enjoys a lovely night with their neighbors and friends. Another story is shown in parallel, where it is revealed that Shahid has joined hands with a terrorist organization headed by the wanted Mehfooz Alam ([[Sumit Kaul]]), who assigns Shahid to carry out a bomb blast. After Murad's birthday celebrations, Shahid leaves early morning for [[Allahabad]] and executes the attack as planned with two other acquaintances, which causes a lot of casualties.

SSP Danish Javed ([[Rajat Kapoor]]) is assigned to investigate. He tracks down everyone involved with the attack, corners Shahid and finally shoots him dead as he tries to escape instead of surrendering. Soon, the police arrive at Murad's house and start interrogating the family members. They turn the place upside down to gather evidence. As the news spreads, people start to flock outside Murad's house. Bilaal is taken into custody for further interrogation. Aarti steps up his defense lawyer. Danish interrogates Bilaal for over 17 hours but gets no useful information.

Within a matter of hours, the situation around Murad's neighborhood changes drastically. Everyone whom Murad had known for decades starts looking at him as a terrorist, with his life's reputation and goodwill shattered in a day. Bilaal is taken to court for a hearing where Judge Harish Madhok ([[Kumud Mishra]]) denies his bail and grants police custody of him for 7 days for further interrogation. After postmortem, the police bring Shahid's body to Murad, which he refuses to accept. Despite him strongly condemning his nephew's atrocity, the situation worsens around Murad's neighborhood, with the people trying to shame them in every possible way. Stones get pelted inside the house and "Go back to Pakistan" is written on their boundary wall. On the other hand, some extremist Muslims try to convince Murad that Shahid has sacrificed his life in the name of Jihad and all the Muslims should rise up against the Hindu dominant society, but Murad strongly opposes this. Through everything, the family maintains their composure and relies on legal procedures to get their names cleared.

As the legal proceedings begin after 7 days, public prosecutor Santosh Anand ([[Ashutosh Rana]]) tries to convince the court that Shahid's act is not a standalone incident but an eye opener about how Muslims are breeders of terrorists. He argues that every single member of Murad's family was aware of and complicit in Shahid's activities, and his home was the den of terrorist operations. As evidence, he presents Shahid's laptop which contains detailed procedures of how to make bombs, a transmitter which was installed at Murad's home to communicate with the terrorists via private frequencies, and CCTV footage of Bilaal giving a lift to Mefooz Alam and selling SIM cards to terrorists without asking for any valid documents. He requests the judge to also consider Murad a person of interest in this case and remove him as Bilaal's defense lawyer. The court agrees and Murad is forced to step down, so Aarti takes his place.

With things turning against him at court, Bilaal, who is already tired, ashamed, confused, saddened, tortured and humiliated, suffers a massive heart attack and passes away en route to the hospital. With Murad's family having suffered another setback, everything comes down to Aarti to get her father-in-law and his family acquitted of all the charges against them.

Aarti justifies in court that there is no concrete evidence any of the family members aside from Shahid were involved with terrorism. Shahid was the only person in the household who knew how to use a laptop and the transmitter was installed by him under the excuse of boosting their cable TV signal. Since he had access to his father's mobile shop, Shahid took those SIM cards without any documents and used them to communicate with the terrorists. Bilaal had no idea who Mehfooz Alam was and so when he came to meet Shahid, Bilaal assumed him to be his son's friend and offered him a ride to the railway station since he was also heading in the same direction. Aarti also argues that it has become accepted for people to generalize all Muslims as terrorists, to the point someone just growing a beard or practicing Islam becomes a terrorist in the public eye. Due to this established taboo, Murad and his family are going through a horrible trauma and humiliation, which even claimed Bilaal's life.

Santosh fails to produce any further proof and the court concludes that all evidences against Murad and his family are circumstantial, thereby dropping all charges against them. Judge Madhok dismisses the case, stating that the main problem is with people's mentality and everyone irrespective of their religion should fight against it to bring a change.

The movie ends with the moral that we should change our way of thinking from "Us and Them" to "We".

==Cast==
*[[Rishi Kapoor]] as [[Advocate]] Murad Ali Mohammed
*[[Taapsee Pannu]] as [[Advocate]] Aarti Malhotra Mohammed, Murad's daughter-in-law
*[[Rajat Kapoor]] as SSP Danish Javed
*[[Ashutosh Rana]] as Public Prosecutor Santosh Anand
*[[Manoj Pahwa]] as Bilal Ali Mohammed, Murad's brother
*[[Prateik Babbar]] as Shahid Ali Mohammed, Murad's nephew
*[[Neena Gupta]] as Tabassum Ali Mohammed, Murad's wife<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/neena-gupta-roped-in-for-anubhav-sinhas-thriller-mulk-starring-taapsee-pannu-rishi-kapoor-4037711.html |title=Neena Gupta roped in for Anubhav Sinha's thriller Mulk, starring Taapsee Pannu, Rishi Kapoor |date=13 September 2017 |publisher=First Post}}</ref>
*[[Kumud Mishra]] as Judge Harish Madhok
*[[Prachee Shah Pandya]] as Tabassum Ali Mohammed, Murad's sister-in-law
*Eshita Singh as Aayat Ali Mohammed, Murad's niece
*Ashrut Jain as Rashid
*[[Indraneil Sengupta]] as Aftab Ali Mohammed, Murad's son
*[[Sumit Kaul]] as Riyaz
*Ratnakar Upadhayay as Nayan Tejwani<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ratnakar Upadhayay|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm12514907/|access-date=2021-04-24|website=IMDb|language=en}}</ref>
*Abdul Quadir Amin as Riyaz
*Mahesh Chandra Deva as ATS Officer Bhadhohi
*Varun Tamta as [[Superintendent of Police|SP]] Somnath Mishra

==Production==

===Development===

A newspaper report read by Anubhav Sinha became the point of origin of Mulk and prompted him to develop an idea which he shared with his friends for their feedback.<ref name="MD">{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/mulk-director-anubhav-sinha-three-months-of-prep-for-actors/19577185 |title=Mulk director Anubhav Sinha: Three months of prep for actors |date=5 July 2018 |publisher=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref> After receiving a positive response from his friends he began scripting the film. After writing 13-14 drafts of the film, Anubhav began narrating the story to his friends in the film industry, one of them being director [[Shoojit Sircar]].<ref name="TH" /> Shoojit found the story to be one of the best-written works of Anubhav and requested him to not reconsider this project and instead go ahead with it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/shoojit-sircar-loved-narrative-of-mulk-anubhav-sinha-118070500065_1.html |title=Shoojit Sircar loved narrative of 'Mulk': Anubhav Sinha |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=5 July 2018 |publisher=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>

The actors were given a preparation time of three months to get familiar with the roles they were playing. [[Prateik Babbar]], who was to play the role of a Muslim terrorist was asked to watch the documentary [[Among the Believers (film)|Among the Believers]] and read extensively about [[David Headley]], who is an American terrorist of Pakistani origin. For an appropriate portrayal of courtroom proceedings, [[Tapsee Pannu]] and [[Ashutosh Rana]] who play defence lawyer and public prosecutor respectively in the film were provided guidance by retired High Court Judge Nadeem Siddiqi from Lucknow for their courtroom sequences. A religious Muslim scholar from [[Malihabad]] was called in to supervise the Muslim rituals involving [[Rishi Kapoor]] in the film.<ref name="MD" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/prateik-babbar-researched-on-david-headley-for-mulk/articleshow/64867556.cms |title=Prateik Babbar researched on David Headley for 'Mulk' |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Mulk was made at a production budget of {{INRConvert|180|m|year=2018}}.<ref name="mulkbud">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/best-of-three/article24708644.ece|title=Best of three collections|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 August 2018|last1=Cornelious|first1=Deborah}}</ref> Jashoda Madhavji supervised the film's public relations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm9963012/|title=Jashoda Madhavji|website=IMDb|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref>

===Casting===

In July 2017, it was reported that [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Taapsee Pannu]] and [[Prateik Babbar]] had been signed by [[Anubhav Sinha]] for his next film called Mulk.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rishi-kapoor-taapsee-pannu-to-star-in-anubhav-sinha-next-mulk-4771428/ |title=Rishi Kapoor, Taapsee Pannu to star in Anubhav Sinha's next, Mulk |date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/wow-taapsee-pannu-rishi-kapoor-come-together-anubhav-sinhas-next-mulk/ |title=Taapsee Pannu and Rishi Kapoor to come together for Anubhav Sinha's next Mulk |date=28 July 2017 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> In September 2017, [[Neena Gupta]] was cast as the wife of Murad Ali.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/neena-gupta-returns-to-the-screen-with-abhunav-sinhas-mulk/articleshow/60487813.cms |title=Neena Gupta returns to the screen with Anubhav Sinha's Mulk |publisher=[[Mumbai Mirror]]}}</ref> In August 2017, Neena Gupta had put up a post on her [[Instagram]] account saying that she was looking for good quality work, and as a response to that post director [[Anubhav Sinha]] got in touch with her and offered her a role in his film Mulk.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/neena-gupta-to-play-rishi-kapoor-wife-in-mulk-4841090/ |title=Neena Gupta bags the role of Rishi Kapoor's wife in Mulk after she asked for work on Instagram |date=13 September 2017 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Twelve actors from the Lucknow theatre industry were signed on to do various roles in the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/anubhav-sinha-gets-lucknow-actors-for-mulk-1536931.html |title=Anubhav Sinha Gets Lucknow Actors For Mulk |date=5 October 2017 |publisher=[[News18]]}}</ref> Eshita Singh, daughter of AAP leader [[Sanjay Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Sanjay Singh]] and a member of [[Arvind Gaur|Asmita Theatre Group]], was added to the cast, but was credited as Vartika Singh. On 26 September 2017, it was reported that actor [[Ashutosh Rana]] would be working with Anubhav Sinha in his next film Mulk, 25 years after ''Shikast'' which was the last time the two of them worked together.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ashutosh-rana-joins-cast-of-rishi-kapoors-mulk-1755392 |title=Ashutosh Rana Joins Cast Of Rishi Kapoor's Mulk |publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/anubhav-sinha-ashutosh-rana-reunite-25-years-mulk/ |title=Anubhav Sinha and Ashutosh Rana reunite after 25 years for Mulk |date=26 September 2017 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> Initially, [[Rajat Kapoor]] was supposed to play the role of Rishi Kapoor's brother and actor [[Manoj Pahwa]] was assigned the role of Police Officer Danish Javed but after the arrival of the two actors on set, Anubhav realized that both actors should be playing different roles and not the ones assigned to them, and as a result of that Rajat and Manoj swapped each other's roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mulk-manoj-pahwa-rajat-kapoor-5242375/ |title=Mulk: Manoj Pahwa and Rajat Kapoor swapped roles for the Anubhav Sinha film |date=2 July 2018 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

===Filming===

[[Principal photography]] of the film began in October 2017 in [[Lucknow]] and continued for the next 27 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-starts-shooting-for-mulk-4891710/ |title=Taapsee Pannu starts shooting for Mulk |date=15 October 2017 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> According to the director [[Anubhav Sinha]], [[Lucknow]] has been shown as [[Varanasi]] in the film while some part of the movie was also shot in [[Varanasi]] for two days.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-lucknow-live/20180603/281741270105547 |title=Shooting in Lucknow feels like home |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> The filming process was completed on 9 November 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-mulk-wrap-up-see-photos-4931041/ |title=Taapsee Pannu calls Mulk a 'passion driven project', shares fun photos from last day |date=10 November 2017 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2017/nov/7/9091/mulk-quickest-film-i-ve-made-shot-in-28-days-rishi-kapoor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710012342/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2017/nov/7/9091/mulk-quickest-film-i-ve-made-shot-in-28-days-rishi-kapoor |url-status=live |archive-date=10 July 2018 |title=Mulk quickest film I've made, shot in 28 days: Rishi Kapoor |publisher=Cinestaan}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Mulk
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Prasad Sashte and [[Anurag Saikia]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 9 July 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saavn.com/s/album/hindi/Mulk-2018/yDc-BBpfIoQ_|title=Mulk - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=28 July 2018 |publisher=[[Saavn]]}}</ref>
| recorded = 2017–2018
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 14:58
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio2 = {{YouTube|n7-xHo9dRkk|Official Audio Jukebox}}
{{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Anurag Saikia]]
| type =
| prev_title = [[Karwaan (film)|Karwaan]]
| prev_year = 2018
| title = Mulk
| year = 2018
| next_title = [[Article 15 (film)|Article 15]]
| next_year = 2019
}}
}}
}}

The background score of the film is composed by Mangesh Dhakde and songs are composed by Prasad Sashte and [[Anurag Saikia]]. The lyrics are written by [[Shakeel Azmi]].

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 14:58
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Thenge Se
| extra1 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Swanand Kirkire]], Suvarna Tiwari
| music1= Prasad Sashte
| length1= 3:47

| title2 = Khudara
| extra2 = [[Vishal Dadlani]]
| music2 = Prasad Sashte
| length2 = 5:11

| title3 = Piya Samaye
| music3 = [[Anurag Saikia]]
| extra3 = [[Shafqat Amanat Ali]], Arshad Hussain
| length3 = 6:00
}}

==Release==

The movie was released on 3 August 2018 in 800 cinemas in India.<ref name="mulkbud"/> The teaser of the film was out on 28 June,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mulk-teaser-promises-powerful-performances/articleshow/64793649.cms |title='Mulk' teaser promises powerful performances |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and official trailer was released on 9 July.<ref>{{cite web |last1=The Indian Express |title=Mulk trailer: Rishi Kapoor and Taapsee Pannu fight against the system for justice |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mulk-trailer-rishi-kapoor-taapsee-pannu-watch-video-5252113/ |access-date=9 July 2018 |date=9 July 2018|author1-link=The Indian Express }}</ref>

==Controversy==

After banning the trailer of the movie in [[Pakistan]], the [[Central Board of Film Censors|Central Board of Film Censors, Pakistan]] banned the movie as well on 3 August 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/mulk-taapsee-pannu-rishi-kapoor-starrer-gets-banned-in-pakistan-2129860.html |title=Mulk: Taapsee Pannu-Rishi Kapoor starrer gets banned in Pakistan|date=2 August 2018|publisher=[[Zee News]]}}</ref> Reacting to the decision, director [[Anubhav Sinha]] wrote a letter to the citizens of [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/anubhavsinha/status/1025008178629472256|title=Anubhav Sinha (@anubhavsinha) on X}}</ref>

However, Danyal Gilani, the Chairman of the [[Central Board of Film Censors|Central Board of Film Censors, Pakistan]] said, "Members of the CBFC unanimously decided not to approve the trailer of ''Mulk'' as its contents flout the Censorship of Film Code, 1980, but the movie hasn't been banned as the film is yet to be submitted to the board for review," as reported by [[The Express Tribune|The Express Tribune, Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1772560/4-rishi-kapoor-taapsee-pannu-starrer-mulk-banned-pakistan/|title=Is Rishi Kapoor, Taapsee Pannu-starrer 'Mulk' banned in Pakistan?|publisher=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref>

==Critical reception==

=== India ===
Mulk received highly positive response from critics in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/mulk-islamophobia-raises-valid-questions-for-muslims-too-5294107/|title=Mulk calls out Islamophobia, but raises valid questions for Muslims too|date=6 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/mulk-seeks-to-decode-the-meaning-of-both-patriotism-and-terrorism-5295162/|title=Anubhav Sinha's Mulk seeks to decode the meaning of both patriotism and terrorism|date=7 August 2018}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]], movie critic and business analyst from ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'', wrote the following on Twitter about the movie, "#Mulk stands on powerful writing + splendid performances... Rishi Kapoor is in terrific form... Taapsee is fantastic... Supporting cast adds strength... Manoj Pahwa, Ashutosh Rana, Rajat Kapoor, Kumud Mishra, Prateik Babbar and Prachee Shah Paandya, each actor excels."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1024970502299836416|author=Adarsh, Taran|title=Mulk movie review: Taran Adarsh}}</ref> [[Shekhar Gupta]] praised the film stating that Mulk breaks that mould and has ordinary Indian Muslims look you in the eye, as 1 out of 7 of Indians is a Muslim.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/national-interest/finally-bollywood-has-courage-to-look-at-muslims-as-regular-indians-not-terrorists/96838/|title=Finally, Bollywood has courage to look at Muslims as regular Indians & not terrorists|date=11 August 2018}}</ref>

''[[The Indian Express]]'' while giving 3.5 out of 5 carried the following line, "Any film that does not demonize, that talks of peace and brotherhood, in these dark, cynical times, is to be lauded. Mulk is Anubhav Sinha's best film, and it concerns us all."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/mulk-movie-review-rating-rishi-kapoor-taapsee-pannu-5290355|title=Mulk movie review: The Rishi Kapoor starrer is an important film|newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref> In similar views, ''Firstpost'' also rates the movie 3.5 out of 5 and states, "More than a film, Anubhav Sinha's Mulk is a voice. It is the voice of a section of Indian society working tirelessly to get rid of the prejudice around a certain community in the contemporary world."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/mulk-movie-review-taapsee-pannu-rishi-kapoors-perceptive-drama-is-to-terrorism-what-pink-is-to-feminism-4873611.html|title=Mulk movie review: Taapsee Pannu, Rishi Kapoor's perceptive drama is to terrorism what Pink was to feminism|date=3 August 2018}}</ref>

On the other hand, ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 4 out of 5 and opined, "Mulk focusses on some hard-hitting and burning issues, while also highlighting the crucial role that the media and various other channels of information play in disseminating the right news and facts to its citizens. It also brings to fore the other horrifying faces of terrorism which often gets brushed under the carpet. Mulk is a film that's relevant, brave and is a must-watch. It has thought-provoking message which drives home the point – that being a true Indian and real patriot is about embracing people from every faith with an open heart."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/mulk/movie-review/65236099.cms|title=Mulk movie review: TOI|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Additionally, ''[[NDTV]]'' also gave the film 4 out of 5 and commented, "Go watch Mulk for its stout-hearted espousal of sanity. It isn't often that Bollywood shows such spine."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/mulk-movie-review-rishi-kapoor-taapsee-pannu-outstanding-4-stars-out-of-5-1893800|title=Mulk Movie Review: Rishi Kapoor, Taapsee Pannu Outstanding In Intense Courtroom Drama|website=NDTV}}</ref> Similarly, the critics at ''[[Filmfare]]'' rated the movie 4 out of 5 and writes, "The film makes you see these dark truths and you can't help but nod."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/mulk-29583.html|title=Movie Review: Mulk|website=Filmfare}}</ref>

Meanwhile, ''[[News18]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 and the article in its closing lines read, "Finally, Mulk isn't original cinema, it's not even its own film, but it's a much needed reminder and lesson that we live in a secular nation, something that we always strive for."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/mulk-movie-review-rishi-kapoor-taapsee-pannus-courtroom-drama-has-its-heart-in-the-right-place-1833125.html|title=Mulk Movie Review: Rishi Kapoor, Taapsee Pannu's Courtroom Drama Has Its Heart in the Right Place|website=News18|date=3 August 2018}}</ref>

=== Overseas ===
''[[Khaleej Times]]'', a daily English language newspaper published in United Arab Emirates, rates the film 3 out of 5 and states, "'Mulk' dares to tell a story not many filmmakers might want to associate themselves with. The one who emerges as a hero is the script, strong performances, and Anubhav Sinha's conviction to tell us the story. 'Mulk' is a fearless, courageous film and deserves to be watched."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/bollywood/mulk-movie-review-a-must-watch-for-every-indian|title='Mulk' movie review: Taapsee Pannu, Rishi Kapoor emerge as heroes|website=Khaleej Times}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! Award || Date of ceremony || Category || Recipient(s) and nominee(s) || Result || Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Screen Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | 16 December 2018 || Best Film (Critics) ||''Mulk''|| {{won}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/star-screen-awards-2018-complete-winners-list-alia-bhatt-wins-best-actress-rajkummar-rao-and-ranveer-singh-are-best-actors/story-C9PF5a5ZeHzC77Dfp4UwAO.html |title=Star Screen Awards 2018 complete winners list |date=17 December 2018 |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-star-screen-awards-2018/ |title=Winners of Star Screen Awards 2018 |date=16 December 2018 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
||Best Actress (Critics)
| rowspan="2" |[[Taapsee Pannu]]
|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="1"|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
| rowspan="1"|19 March 2019
|Best Actress (Viewers Choice)
|{{Nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zeecineawards.com/zee-cinema-air-zee-cine-awards-2019-march/|title=Zee Cinema To Air Zee Cine Awards 2019 In March|date=2019-03-13|website=Zee Cine Awards|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="6" |23 March 2019
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Actress (Critics)]]
|[[Taapsee Pannu]]
| {{Nom}}
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html|title=Nominations for the 64th Vimal Filmfare Awards 2019 {{!}} filmfare.com|website=www.filmfare.com|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| [[Manoj Pahwa]]
| {{Nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
| rowspan="3" | Anubhav Sinha
| {{Won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
| {{Nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
| {{Nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
| Ballu Saluja
| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |News18 Reel Movie Awards
| rowspan="3" |26 March 2019
|Best Supporting Actor
|[[Manoj Pahwa]]
| {{Won}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/reel-movie-awards-2019/nominations/|title=Nominations FOR Reel movie Awards 2019|website=News18|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref>
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
| [[Taapsee Pannu]]
| {{Nom}}
|-
|Best Dialogue
|Anubhav Sinha
|{{Won}}
|-

|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MjC30zo1KA Official trailer] at [[YouTube]]
* {{IMDb title|7618184}}
* [https://www.koimoi.com/movie/mulk/ ''Mulk''] at Koimoi
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/mulk}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|mulk}}

{{Anubhav Sinha}}

[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]
[[Category:2018 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:2018 drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Anubhav Sinha]]
[[Category:Films about Islam]]
[[Category:Films about Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Films about jihadism]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Uttar Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Film censorship in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Works about articles of the Constitution of India]]
[[Category:Censored films]]

Pol (housing)

2026-02-25T06:45:42Z

Roshni: further refine information per standard format and corrected details

{{Short description|Traditional housing cluster found in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
[[File:Pole 44.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A pol in Ahmedabad]]
A '''''pol''''' ({{audio|Gu-પોળ.oga|pronunciation|help=yes}}, pronounced as pole, {{langx|gu|પોળ}}) in India is a housing cluster which comprises many families of a particular group, linked by [[caste]], profession, or religion. Pols are typical of urban centres in [[Gujarat]] especially of [[Old Ahmedabad]].

==Etymology==
The word pol is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''pratoli'' meaning entrance to an enclosed area.

==Architecture and culture==
Each pol was protected by a gateway closed at night as a safeguard against thieves. Inside is one main street, with crooked lanes branching on either side. Most vary in size from five or ten to fifty or sixty houses. One of them, the Mandvi pol in the Jamalpur area of Ahmedabad, is much larger than the rest and includes several smaller pols, with an area of about fifty acres and a population of thousands. Pols are almost entirely inhabited by Hindus, in some cases by a settlement of families belonging to one caste, and in others by families of several of the higher castes, Brahmins, Vanias, Suthars, and Kanbis.{{sfn | ''Google Books'' | 2015|page=294-295}}

Most pols have been established and with a gateway, some provided at the expense of the Pol's leading man whose name the pol in many cases bears, and whose family holds a position of respect as the heads of the pol. Each pol had generally its own watchman and its own sanitary arrangements. The affairs of the pol were managed by a group of people. The house property in the pol is to some extent held in common. Formerly no man could sell or mortgage a house to an outsider without first offering it to the people of the pol. Though this rule has not been kept latterly, residents of a pol sold their houses to people of the same caste. When a house is mortgaged or sold, the people of the pol had a right to claim from one-half to two per cent of the money received. At weddings and on other great family occasions, each householder is expected to feast the whole pol, and in some cases all the men of the pol, though not of the same caste, are expected to attend any funeral that may take place. If the pol rules are slighted, the offender is fined and, in former times, till he paid, he was not allowed to light a lamp in his house or to give a feast. The money gathered from gifts, fines, and the percentage on house property sales, formed a common fund managed by the leaders, ''seth''s, of the pol. This was spent on repairs to the pol gate, the pol privies, or the pol well. The ''polia'' or gate-keeper is not paid out of the fund. He earns his living by begging from the people of the pol and works as a labourer for them.{{sfn | ''Google Books'' | 2015|page=294-295}}

The chief feature of these pols is that each has a separate entrance protected by a gateway, pol, with a picket house on the top of it. Inside of the gateway the houses of the group form one or more streets, the ends either blocked by a dead wall, or, through a small door, ''bari'', opening into another pol. Inside the pols the roads are rough, narrow, and winding, fit in many cases only for foot passengers. Most of the houses are first class, the walls massive and the timber strong. Some of them, especially those about more than hundred years old, are ornamented with much rich and finely cut wood-work. From their fondness for this part of the town and the want of open sites, the families as they grew larger, added story on story to the old houses, the upper stories often jutting out so far that, when two opposite houses were enlarged, their eaves almost met across the roadway. Inside of most two or more storied houses is a yard, and under the yard a covered reservoir with supplies of rain water for drinking. Part of the courtyard is sometimes raised into a terrace and used as a lounge or for drying grain, pulse, and clothes. In these houses valuables are, if unwieldy, stowed away in secret under-ground cellars with most carefully hid entrances. Some of these cellars have air shafts run through the walls, so that they may be used as retreats for men in hiding. The jewellery safe is usually a hole in the house wall or in one of the main beams, hidden so cunningly that no stranger can find it out, and its secret so jealously guarded, that it is known only to the head of the house, his wife, and one or two of his most trusted children. The people of these pols form, to some extent, separate communities, each with arrangements for managing its common affairs.{{sfn | ''Google Books'' | 2015|page=323}}

==Pols==
The old city of [[Ahmedabad]] located on the Eastern banks of the Sabarmati river is made up of around 360 pols within a fortified compound. The earliest ‘Pol’ to be incorporated was aptly named '''‘Mahurat Pol’''' and was built adjacent to [[Manek Chowk (Ahmedabad)|Manek Chowk]].<ref name="Others">{{cite book|title=Reader In Urban Sociology| date=4 September 1991 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fEwOQh41NZMC&pg=PA179|accessdate=15 February 2012|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-0-86311-152-5|pages=179–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Residential Cluster, Ahmedabad: Housing based on the traditional Pols|url=http://www.plea2009.arc.ulaval.ca/Papers/1.CHALLENGE/1.2%20City/POSTER/1-2-22-PLEA2009Quebec.pdf|publisher=University of Laval|accessdate=15 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="ams">{{cite news | url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=Columnists%20-%20Views&sectid=28&contentid=2008081320080813041423143c59b0ac2 | title=The mysteries of pols | work=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]] | date=13 August 2008 | accessdate=21 February 2013 | author=Lakhia, Ashish}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of pols in Ahmedabad]]
* [[Manek Chowk (Ahmedabad)|Manek Chowk]]
* [[Bhadra Fort]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Notes==
* {{cite book | title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Ahmedabad | website=Google Books 2015 (Public Domain text) | date=7 January 2015 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EL4IAAAAQAAJ | ref={{sfnref | Google Books | 2015}} | accessdate=1 February 2015|pages=248–332}}

==External links==
* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5616 Historic City of Ahmedabad (UNESCO)]
* [http://www.ahmedabad.com/travel/cities/poles.htm The Pols of Ahmedabad]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120202164619/http://www.vaarso.com/pols-of-ahmedabad.html Vaarso]

[[Category:Housing in India]]
[[Category:Culture of Ahmedabad]]

Mir Muhammed Ali Khan

2026-02-14T01:35:43Z

Roshni: updated details

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{distinguish|Mir Mohammad Ali Khan}}
'''Muhammed Ali Khan''' was a prince and general of the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref name = jungs>M. A. Nayeem & Dharmendra Prasad. The Salar Jungs, Mir Turab Ali Khan, Mir Laiq Ali Khan, Mir Yousuf Ali Khan. Salar Jung Museum, 1986</ref> Khan rescued the Grand Vizier Mir Mohib Ali Khalifa from enemy attacks at the [[Battle of Khanwa]], which ended in Mughal victory over the [[Kingdom of Mewar]].{{cn|date=July 2025}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Mughal Empire]]
*[[Babur]]

[[Category:16th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:Date of birth missing]]
[[Category:Date of death missing]]

{{India-mil-bio-stub}}
{{India-noble-stub}}

Sasidharan Arattuvazhi

2026-02-11T07:12:13Z

Roshni: brief adjust citations to improve readability and added references

{{short description|Indian playwright and screenwriter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sasidharan Arattuvazhi
| image = Sasidharan_Aarattuvazhi.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1955|08|25}}
| birth_place = Arattuvazhi, [[Travancore-Cochin|State of Travancore-Cochin]], India (present day [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]], [[Kerala]], India)
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2001|01|21|1955|08|25}}
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Playwright]]|[[Screenwriter]]}}
| spouse = Sudhakutty
| children = 2
}}

'''Sasidharan Arattuvazhi''' (25 August 1955 {{endash}} 21 January 2001) was an Indian [[playwright]] and [[screenwriter]]. Within a career spanning more than two decades, he wrote 20 screenplays and 12 plays.<ref name=ScreenIndia>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/20010209/rehap.htm|title=Sasidharan Aarattuvazhi: The interview that never happened|magazine=[[Screen India]]|date=9 February 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212235246/http://www.screenindia.com/old/20010209/rehap.htm |archive-date=February 12, 2009 |accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref>

==Biography==
His first professional stage play was ''Kolayaali'' (''The Murderer''). He developed a keen interest in writing screenplays for films. He made his film debut with Kaladharan's ''[[Nettipattom]]'' (1991). But the film failed in the box office, even though it was lauded as a good film by a cult audience. He was then approached by [[Rajasenan]], for whom he wrote the family drama ''[[Ayalathe Adheham]]''. He went on to write screenplays for 18 more films, including ''[[Yodha (1992 film)|Yoddha]]'', comic thriller ''[[CID Unnikrishnan B.A., B.Ed.]]'', family drama ''[[Kaliveedu]]'', and ''[[Cheppadividya]]''.<ref name=ScreenIndia/>

Sasidharan Arattuvazhi died on 21 January 2001 at the age of 45. He was suffering from kidney related diseases for four years. He was survived by his wife Sudhakutty and two daughters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/jan/23sasi.htm|author=|title=Sasidharan Arattuvazhi passes away|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=23 January 2001|accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref>

==Filmography==
* ''[[Jananaayakan]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Aalibabayum Aarara Kallanmarum]]'' (1998)
* '' [[Ishtadanam]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Kilukil Pambaram]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Kaliveedu]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Kudumbakodathi]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Simhavalan Menon]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Avittam Thirunaal Aarogya Sriman]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Varam (film)|Varam]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Cheppadividya]]''
* ''[[CID Unnikrishnan B.A., B.Ed.]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Pidakkozhi Koovunna Noottandu]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Vardhakyapuranam]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Porutham]]''
* ''[[Pravachakan]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Yoddha (1992 film)|Yoddha]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Ayalathe Adheham]]'' (1992)
*''[[Nettippattom]]'' (1991)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1999895}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arattuvazhi, Sasidharan}}
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Alappuzha]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian screenwriters]]

Indian Council of Medical Research

2026-02-01T21:30:37Z

Roshni: refine references also and updated info as per guidelines

{{Short description|Government organization}}
{{Redirect|ICMR|Indigenous communal moral rights|Copyright law of Australia#Indigenous moral rights}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Indian Council of Medical Research
| former_name =
| logo = Indian Council of Medical Research Logo.svg
| map =
| abbreviation = [[ICMR]]
| predecessor = [[Indian Research Fund Association]] (IRFA)
| formation = {{start date and age|1911}} (as IRFA)
| type = Government Organisation
| status = Active
| jurisdiction =
| headquarters = New Delhi, India
| location =
| location_country = {{Flag|India}}
| key_people = [[Rajiv Bahl]], Director General, Indian Council of Medical Research ([[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary, GoI]] – Department of Health Research)
| parent_organization = [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]], [[Government of India]]
| affiliations =
| budget = {{INRConvert|3900.69|c}} (2025{{ndash}}26)<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 Feb 2025 |title=DEMAND NO. 47, Demands for Grants, 2025-2026, MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE |url=https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/eb/sbe47.pdf |access-date=1 Feb 2025 |website=IndiaBudget.gov.in |pages=5 |publication-place=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref>
| website = {{official URL}}
}}
The '''Indian Council of Medical Research''' ('''ICMR'''), the apex body in [[India]] for the formulation, coordination and promotion of [[biomedical research]], is one of the oldest and largest medical research bodies in the world.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian council of medical research unveils new logo |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indian-council-of-medical-research-unveils-new-logo/articleshow/66640208.cms |work=The Times of India |date=15 November 2018}}</ref>

The ICMR is funded by the [[Government of India]] through the Department of Health Research, [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/health/medicine-and-research/article2071344.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first1=Aarti | last1=Dhar | first2=Sandeep | last2=Joshi | title=No need to panic over WHO report on mobiles: ICMR | date=2 June 2011 | access-date=13 May 2012 | archive-date=30 June 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630000848/http://www.thehindu.com/health/medicine-and-research/article2071344.ece | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Hindu2011">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/article2622214.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=Pushpa M | last=Bhargava | title=Could they buy salt and spices, fuel and milk, and pay rent... with Rs. 2.33 a day? | date=12 November 2011 | access-date=13 May 2012 | archive-date=25 April 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425122354/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/article2622214.ece | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2007, the organization established the [[Clinical Trials Registry - India]], which is India's national registry for clinical trials.<ref name="Rao 2018">{{cite journal |last1=Rao |first1=M. Vishnu Vardhana |last2=Maulik |first2=Mohua |last3=Gupta |first3=Jyotsna |last4=Panchal |first4=Yashmin |last5=Juneja |first5=Atul |last6=Adhikari |first6=Tulsi |last7=Pandey |first7=Arvind |title=Clinical Trials Registry – India: An overview and new developments |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmacology |date=1 July 2018 |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=208–211 |doi=10.4103/ijp.IJP_153_18 |pmid=30505058 |language=en |issn=0253-7613|pmc=6234713 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

ICMR's 26 national institutes conduct research on specific health topics like [[tuberculosis]], [[leprosy]], [[cholera]] and diarrhoeal [[diseases]], viral diseases including [[AIDS]], [[malaria]], [[kala-azar]], vector control, nutrition, food & drug toxicology, reproduction, immuno-haematology, oncology, medical statistics, etc. Its 6 regional medical research centres focus on regional health problems, and also aim to strengthen or generate research capabilities in different geographic areas of the country.<ref name="The Hindu2011"/>

The council's research priorities coincide with national health priorities such as control and management of [[communicable diseases]], [[fertility]] control, [[maternal]] and [[child]] health, control of [[nutrition]]al disorders, developing alternative strategies for health care delivery, containment within safety limits of environmental and [[occupational health]] problems; research on major [[non-communicable disease]]s like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, blindness, diabetes and other metabolic and haematological disorders; mental health research and drug research (including traditional remedies). These efforts are undertaken with a view to reduce the total burden of disease and to promote health and well-being of the population.<ref name="The Hindu2011"/>

==History==
In 1911, the [[Government of India]] set up the Indian Research Fund Association (IRFA) with the specific objective of sponsoring and coordinating medical research in the country. After independence, several important changes were made in the organisation and the activities of IRFA. It was redesignated as the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 1949, with a considerably expanded scope of functions.<ref name=Icmr >{{cite web|url=https://www.niih.org.in/history.php|title=Indian Council of Medical Research|website=Niih.org|access-date=2020-09-04|archive-date=2 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902190812/https://www.niih.org.in/history.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Governing body ==
The governing body of the council is presided over by the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Union Health Minister]]. It is assisted in scientific and technical matters by a scientific advisory board comprising eminent experts in different biomedical disciplines. The board, in its turn, is assisted by a series of scientific advisory groups, scientific advisory committees, expert groups, task forces, steering committees etc. which evaluate and monitor different research activities of the council.<ref name=Icmr/>

The council promotes biomedical research in the country through intramural as well as extramural research. Over the decades, the base of extramural research and also its strategies have been expanded by the council.<ref name=Icmr/>

Intramural research is carried out currently through the council's 30 permanent research institutes/centres which are mission-oriented national institutes located in different parts of India. The institutes pursue specific areas of research such as [[COVID-19]], [[tuberculosis]], [[leprosy]],
[[cholera]] and [[Diarrhea|diarrhoeal]] diseases, [[virus|viral]] diseases including [[Rotavirus]], [[dengue]], [[COVID-19]], [[Ebolavirus]], [[Influenza]], [[Japanese encephalitis]], [[AIDS]], [[malaria]], [[kala-azar]], vector control, nutrition, food & drug [[toxicology]], [[reproduction]], [[immunohaematology]], [[oncology]], and medical statistics. Six Regional Medical Research Centres address regional health problems, and also aim to strengthen or generate research capabilities in different geographic areas of the country. It has also been involved in research related to rare diseases like [[Handigodu syndrome]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

== Activities ==
Extramural research is promoted by ICMR by establishing Centres for Advanced Research in different research areas around existing expertise and infrastructure in selected departments of medical colleges, universities and other non-ICMR research institutes. The ICMR also funds task force studies which emphasise a time-bound, goal-oriented approach with clearly defined targets, specific time frames, standardised and uniform methodologies, and often a multicentric structure. Open-ended research is conducted on the basis of applications for grants-in-aid received from scientists in non-ICMR Research Institutes, Medical colleges and Universities located in different parts of the country. Collaborative research projects with other institutes such as that between Institute of Pathology, Delhi and NCRM are also undertaken.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/03/stories/2007120359651100.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071205164000/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/03/stories/2007120359651100.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 5 December 2007 | title = ICMR has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine - The Hindu News article | location=Chennai, India | work = [[The Hindu]] | date=3 December 2007}}</ref>

ICMR's [[Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratories ]] (VRDL) for diagnosis of the viral and other infectious diseases is gradually evolving and is proposed to be the largest network of laboratories for timely identification of viruses and other agents causing morbidity significant at public health level and specific agents causing epidemics and/or potential agents for bioterrorism and undertake research for identification of emerging and newer genetically active/ modified agents. In addition to research activities, ICMR also provides international fellowship programme for research and training and exposure of Indian biomedical scientists in various countries as well as offering opportunities to scientists from developing countries to come and work in Indian institutes/laboratories. It is also the secretariat for Health Ministry's Screening Committee (HMSC) meeting organised monthly for consideration of international collaborative research projects. It also encourages human resource development in biomedical research through Research Fellowships, Short-Term Visiting Fellowships, Short-Term Research Studentships, and various training programmes and workshops conducted by ICMR institutes and headquarters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.niced.org.in/niced/VRDL-ICMR-NICED.htm|title=Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratories|website=niced.org|access-date=2020-09-04|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722014356/http://www.niced.org.in/niced/VRDL-ICMR-NICED.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

For retired medical scientists and teachers, the council offers the position of emeritus scientist to enable them to continue or take up research on specific biomedical topics. The council also awards prizes to Indian scientists, in recognition of significant contributions to biomedical research as well as those who work in the underdeveloped parts of the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=51 Scientists presented with ICMR Awards for years 2009 and 2010|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/09/51-scientists-presented-with-icmr-awards-for-years-2009-and-2010/|access-date=25 September 2013|archive-date=26 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926081709/http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/09/51-scientists-presented-with-icmr-awards-for-years-2009-and-2010/|url-status=live}}</ref> At present, the council offers 38 awards, of which 11 are meant exclusively for young scientists (below 40 years).
ICMR has supported research into bacteriophage therapy as a promising alternative to antibiotics for managing drug-resistant bacterial infections. Its activities include the isolation, characterization, and formulation of therapeutic phages, evaluation of their efficacy against multidrug-resistant pathogens, and investigation of phage–antibiotic synergy. ICMR has also provided funding to leading research institutes such as the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, to advance preclinical and clinical studies on phage therapy.(ref. https://www.the-microbiologist.com/features/antimicrobial-resistance-and-phage-therapy-in-india/1386.article)

The ''[[Indian Journal of Medical Research]]'' is published under the auspices of the council.

==List of ICMR research facilities in India==
{{colbegin}}
* [[National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad|National Institute of Nutrition]] (NIN), [[Hyderabad]]
* [[National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research]] (NARF-BR), [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
* [[National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis]] (NIRT), [[Chennai]]
* [[National Institute of Epidemiology]], [[Chennai]]
* National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), [[Noida]]
* [[National Institute of Malaria Research]] (NIMR), [[Delhi]]
* [[Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences]] (RMRIMS), [[Patna]]
* [[National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health]] (NIRRH), [[Mumbai]]
* [[National Institute of Virology]] (NIV), [[Pune]]
* National Institute of Traditional Medicine (NITM), [[Belagavi]]
* Microbial Containment Complex (MCC), [[Pune]]
* [[National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research]] (NITVAR), [[Pune]]
* National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOH), [[Ahmedabad]]
* National Institute of Child Health & Development Research (NICH&DR), [[Delhi]]
* National Institute for Research in Digital Health and Data Science (NIRDH&DS), [[Delhi]]
* Vector Control Research Centre (VCRC), [[Pondicherry (city)|Puducherry]]
* [[National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections]] (NIRBI), [[Kolkata]]
* ICMR Virus Unit (IVU), [[Kolkata]]
* Institute of Reproductive Medicine (IRM), [[Kolkata]]
* National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), [[Jabalpur]]
* National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (NCDIR), [[Bengaluru]]
* Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre (BMHRC), [[Bhopal]]
* National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), [[Bhopal]]
* National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (NJILOMD), [[Agra]]
* Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (CRME), [[Madurai]]
* National Institute of Immunohaemotology (NIIH), [[Mumbai]]
* Enterovirus Research Centre (ERC), [[Mumbai]]
* Genetic Research Centre (GRC), [[Mumbai]]
* [[National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases]] (NIIRNCD), [[Jodhpur]]
* Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), [[Port Blair]]
* Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), [[Gorakhpur]]
* [[Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar|Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), Bhubaneswar]]
* [[Regional Medical Research Centre, Dibrugarh|Regional Medical Research Centre]], [[Dibrugarh]], [[Assam]]

{{colend}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://icmr.gov.in/ Indian Council of Medical Research, Official website]
{{authority control}}
*[https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1622766 COVID kavach ELISA]

[[Category:Indian Council of Medical Research]]
[[Category:1911 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1949 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Medical research in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]
[[Category:New Delhi]]
[[Category:Executive branch of the government of India]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Delhi]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1911]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1949]]

Bhadrachalam Lok Sabha constituency

2026-01-24T14:21:35Z

Roshni:

{{Short description|Defunct Lok Sabha constituency in Telangana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhadrachalam
| type = LS
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = Andhra Pradesh
| established = 1967
| abolished = 2008
| assembly_cons = [[Paderu Assembly constituency|Paderu]] Chintapalli Yellavaram [[Gopalapuram Assembly constituency|Gopalapuram]] [[Polavaram Assembly constituency|Polavaram]] [[Bhadrachalam Assembly constituency|Bhadrachalam]] Burgampahad
| reservation = ST
}}
'''Bhadrachalam''' was a [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in India till 2008.

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Winner
!colspan="2" | Party
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|rowspan=4|[[B. Radhabai Ananda Rao]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<ref name=election1977>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4116-general-election-1977-vol-i-ii/ |title=General Election, 1977 (Vol I, II) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[Sode Ramaiah]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|rowspan=2|[[Kamala Kumari Karredula]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|rowspan=2|[[Sode Ramaiah]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[Dumpa Mary Vijayakumari]]<ref name=election1999>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4125-general-election-1999-vol-i-ii-iii/ |title=General Election, 1999 (Vol I, II, III) |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=31 December 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Babu Rao Mediyam]]<ref name=election2004/>
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| colspan="4" |Constituency made defunct in 2008 after [[Delimitation Commission of India]] Report.
|-
|}

==Election results==

===2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: Bhadrachalam<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/ |title=General Election 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = [[Babu Rao Mediyam]]
| votes = 373,148
| percentage = 45.32
| change = +45.32
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = K. P. R. K Phaneeswaramma
| votes = 319,342
| percentage = 38.78
| change = -1.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Janni Appa Rao
| votes = 71,978
| percentage = 8.74
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ranga Reddi Ketchela
| votes = 38,219
| percentage = 4.64
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)
| candidate = Bheema Raju Madakam
| votes = 20,728
| percentage = 2.52
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 53,806
| percentage = 6.54
| change = +45.32
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 823,415
| percentage = 69.01
| change = -0.99
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| loser = Telugu Desam Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1999===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general elections|General Election, 1999]]: Bhadrachalam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = [[Dumpa Mary Vijayakumari]]
| votes = 293,593
| percentage = 40.30
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[T. Ratna Bai]]
| votes = 256,490
| percentage = 35.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = [[Sode Ramaiah]]
| votes = 122,496
| percentage = 16.81
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)
| candidate = Pangi Satyanarayana
| votes = 24,425
| percentage = 3.35
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = K. Ranga Reddy
| votes = 16,893
| percentage = 2.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Kurasam Subba Rao
| votes = 14,659
| percentage = 2.01
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 37,103
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 759,883
| percentage = 70.00
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telugu Desam Party
| loser = Communist Party of India
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election|General Election, 1998]]: Bhadrachalam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = [[Sode Ramaiah]]
| votes = 263,141
| percentage = 39.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Kamala Kumari Karredula]]
| votes = 203,701
| percentage = 30.27
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)
| candidate = Setti Lakshmanudu
| votes = 121,615
| percentage = 18.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Kurasam Subba Rao
| votes = 50,314
| percentage = 7.48
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Kechela Ranga Reddi
| votes = 25,185
| percentage = 3.74
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Murla Yerrayya Reddy
| votes = 5,252
| percentage = 0.78
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Gorle Vinod Chand
| votes = 3,735
| percentage = 0.56
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 59,440
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 692,097
| percentage = 63.31
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election|General Election, 1996]]: Bhadrachalam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = [[Sode Ramaiah]]
| votes = 245,214
| percentage = 37.69
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Kamala Kumari Karredula]]
| votes = 217,806
| percentage = 33.48
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)
| candidate = Setty Laxmanudu
| votes = 106,946
| percentage = 16.44
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Kurusa Bojjaiah
| votes = 26,367
| percentage = 4.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Kechala Ranga Reddy
| votes = 25,347
| percentage = 3.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Tolem Narasayya
| votes = 12,485
| percentage = 1.92
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Bheera Laxmi
| votes = 8,345
| percentage = 1.28
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)
| candidate = B. A. Tilak
| votes = 5,370
| percentage = 0.83
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Vaggela Srinivasa Rao
| votes = 2,760
| percentage = 0.42
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 27,408
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 676,585
| percentage = 61.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Communist Party of India
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1991===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election|General Election, 1991]]: Bhadrachalam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Kamala Kumari Karredula]]
| votes = 238,956
| percentage = 48.23
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = [[Sode Ramaiah]]
| votes = 194,785
| percentage = 39.31
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Gorle Dhanunjaya Raju
| votes = 19,428
| percentage = 3.92
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Bonku Prabhakara Rao
| votes = 16,847
| percentage = 3.40
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Kursam Achaiah
| votes = 9,122
| percentage = 1.84
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Bapanna Dora
| votes = 6,731
| percentage = 1.36
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Bakuru Kondababu
| votes = 3,812
| percentage = 0.77
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Janshi
| votes = 3,185
| percentage = 0.64
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Party
| candidate = P. Vani Ramana Rao
| votes = 2,604
| percentage = 0.53
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 44,171
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 519,063
| percentage = 54.87
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1989===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Indian general election|General Election, 1989]]: Bhadrachalam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Kamala Kumari Karredula]]
| votes = 270,648
| percentage = 48.58
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = [[Sode Ramaiah]]
| votes = 246,662
| percentage = 44.28
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = K. P. Santi Raju
| votes = 26,670
| percentage = 4.79
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Badavath Nehru Bapuji
| votes = 13,133
| percentage = 2.36
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 23,986
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 595,519
| percentage = 63.27
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Communist Party of India
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1984===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1984 Indian general elections|General Election, 1984]]: Bhadrachalam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = [[Sode Ramaiah]]
| votes = 195,618
| percentage = 50.30
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[B. Radhabai Ananda Rao]]
| votes = 170,978
| percentage = 43.97
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Bapanna Dora Karam
| votes = 18,267
| percentage = 4.70
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Alam Lakshmayya
| votes = 4,010
| percentage = 1.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 24,640
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 402,058
| percentage = 54.63
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Communist Party of India
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1980===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1980 Indian general election|General Election, 1980]]: Bhadrachalam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[B. Radhabai Ananda Rao]]
| votes = 147,534
| percentage = 53.35
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = Karam Chandraiah
| votes = 79,208
| percentage = 28.64
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Party
| candidate = Ratnabai Tadapatla
| votes = 26,760
| percentage = 9.68
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Karam Bappanna Dora
| votes = 10,090
| percentage = 3.65
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = K. P. Shanti Raju
| votes = 7,212
| percentage = 2.61
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Alam Lakshmaiah
| votes = 5,732
| percentage = 2.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 68,326
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 286,010
| percentage = 42.73
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1977===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1977 Indian general election|General Election, 1977]]: Bhadrachalam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress (R)
| candidate = [[B. Radhabai Ananda Rao]]
| votes = 155,198
| percentage = 59.91
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Lok Dal
| candidate = P. Vani Ramanarao
| votes = 59,230
| percentage = 22.86
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = [[Sode Ramaiah]]
| votes = 27,966
| percentage = 10.80
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Suraboina Suvarna Kumar
| votes = 10,528
| percentage = 4.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Karam Baapanna Dora
| votes = 3,999
| percentage = 1.54
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Tellam Sundara Rao
| votes = 2,139
| percentage = 0.83
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 95,968
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 270,495
| percentage = 45.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (R)|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1971===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1971 Indian general election|General Election, 1971]]: Bhadrachalam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress (R)
| candidate = [[B. Radhabai Ananda Rao]]
| votes = 115,367
| percentage = 58.54
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = Nupa Bojji
| votes = 47,319
| percentage = 24.01
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Pujari Balaraju
| votes = 9,450
| percentage = 4.80
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mirtiwada Pedabbai
| votes = 9,297
| percentage = 4.72
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress (Organisation)
| candidate = P. Vani Ramana Rao
| votes = 8,544
| percentage = 4.34
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Karam Bapanna Dora
| votes = 7,089
| percentage = 3.60
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 68,048
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 205,533
| percentage = 40.95
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (R)|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election, 1967===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Indian general election|General Election, 1967]]: Bhadrachalam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[B. Radhabai Ananda Rao]]
| votes = 121,630
| percentage = 51.96
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = K. P. Santharaju
| votes = 54,395
| percentage = 23.24
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India
| candidate = C. Tammaih
| votes = 32,424
| percentage = 13.85
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = S. S. Kumar
| votes = 19,244
| percentage = 8.22
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = T. G. S. S. Rao
| votes = 6,405
| percentage = 2.74
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 67,235
| percentage = 28.72
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 246,715
| percentage = 53.04
| change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Bhadrachalam]]
*[[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{coord|17.7|80.9|display=title}}

[[Category:Khammam district]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1967]]
[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]

Morar Cantonment

2026-01-20T09:02:08Z

Roshni: adjusted article based on references and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Morar Cantonment
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Cantonment town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Morar block map.png
| map_caption = Map of Morar CD block
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26|12|56|N|78|14|27|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gwalior district|Gwalior]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 59
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 48,464
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 193
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011census"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP]]
| website = https://morar.cantt.gov.in/
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Morar Cantonment''' is a [[cantonment]] town in [[Gwalior district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It is part of an [[urban agglomeration]] together with neighbouring [[Gwalior]]. [[Adv. Rakesh Singh Chauhan]] is the longest-serving former [[chairman]] and [[vice-president]] of [[Cantonment Board Morar]].

Morar is also a [[community development block]], which has its headquarters at Gwalior.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Madhya Pradesh District Census Handbook - Gwalior, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=147–220 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/23/2304_PART_A_DCHB_GWALIOR.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=11 May 2021}}</ref> As of 2011, the block's population is 177,921, in 33,511 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

==Demographics==
{{update after|2022}}
As of the [[2011 Census of India]],<ref name="2011census">{{cite web|title=Morar Cantt City Population Census 2011 - Madhya Pradesh|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802101-morar-cantt-madhya-pradesh.html|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> Morar Cantonment had a population of 48,464. Males constitute 57% of the population and females 43%. Morar Cantonment has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the state average of 69%: male literacy is 87%, and female literacy is 69%. In Morar 13% of the population are children up to 6 years of age.

==Government==
Morar Cantonment forms one constituency, [[Gwalior Rural (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gwalior Rural]], in the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]], the "Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha".

==Gwalior Military Station==
Morar Cantonment is home to several units of the [[Indian Army]]. There are a number of static and mobile units housed within its confines.
=== History ===
The Gwalior Military Station has its origins in the colonial era, established by the British to secure their hold over the central regions of India. Post-independence, the military station was restructured to align with the operational needs of the Indian Army. Over the decades, it has evolved into a well-equipped facility, playing a significant role in military operations and training.

==Villages==
Morar block has 176 rural villages, listed below:<ref name="Census 2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Village name
! Total land area (hectares)
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| [[Lakhnotikalan]] || 190 || 453
|-
| [[Turari]] || 285.2 || 766
|-
| [[Lakhnotikhurd]] || 214.4 || 446
|-
| [[Nagor, Gwalior|Nagor]] || 233.9 || 862
|-
| [[Sikroda Badori]] || 213.9 || 525
|-
| [[Rawar]] || 347.8 || 606
|-
| [[Adupurajagir]] || 199.2 || 1,021
|-
| [[Sikrodi]] || 70.6 || 671
|-
| [[Badori]] || 221.3 || 544
|-
| [[Bastari]] || 464.4 || 892
|-
| [[Rora, Gwalior|Rora]] || 1,709.9 || 2,505
|-
| [[Londra, Gwalior|Londra]] || 148.2 || 95
|-
| [[Alinagar, Gwalior|Alinagar]] || 157.4 || 164
|-
| [[Dangsarkar]] || 3,048.4 || 0
|-
| [[Sirol, Morar, Gwalior|Sirol]] || 458.7 || 3,302
|-
| [[Jarga, Gwalior|Jarga]] || 1,086.6 || 1,441
|-
| [[Nainagiri, Gwalior|Nainagiri]] || 186.8 || 924
|-
| [[Habipura]] || 227.8 || 566
|-
| [[Ramaua]] || 259.6 || 983
|-
| [[Bandholi]] || 1,059.6 || 1,931
|-
| [[Sonsa]] || 1,625.8 || 1,979
|-
| [[Kheriya Modi]] || 200.5 || 889
|-
| [[Ganeshpura, Gwalior|Ganeshpura]] || 71 || 1,053
|-
| [[Sunarpura Khalsa]] || 258.9 || 360
|-
| [[Udaipur, Gwalior|Udaipur]] || 372.5 || 1,186
|-
| [[Hiri, Gwalior|Hiri]] || 211.5 || 371
|-
| [[Badagaon, Gwalior|Badagaon]] || 962.5 || 2,676
|-
| [[Singharpura]] || 84.5 || 725
|-
| [[Mohanpur, Gwalior|Mohanpur]] || 69.1 || 0
|-
| [[Mohnpur (Murar)]] || 281.9 || 2,429
|-
| [[Jiraina]] || 308.8 || 576
|-
| [[Bhatpura (Brahman)]] || 143 || 365
|-
| [[Kheriya Pdyapur]] || 41.5 || 2,033
|-
| [[Khureri]] || 577.5 || 2,020
|-
| [[Bhadroli]] || 464.1 || 2,063
|-
| [[Vikrampur, Gwalior|Vikrampur]] || 193.9 || 906
|-
| [[Akbarpur, Gwalior|Akbarpur]] || 128.6 || 603
|-
| [[Mau, Gwalior|Mau]] || 419 || 1,557
|-
| [[Cakjugrupur]] || 34.9 || 0
|-
| [[Madanpur, Gwalior|Madanpur]] || 152.2 || 290
|-
| [[Jugrupur]] || 65.9 || 313
|-
| [[Dondiyapur]] || 64.7 || 0
|-
| [[Jamahar]] || 391.3 || 2,459
|-
| [[Jlalpur]] || 152.2 || 1,915
|-
| [[Kuwrpur]] || 180.9 || 594
|-
| [[Cakrampur]] || 202.4 || 953
|-
| [[Senthri]] || 622 || 1,534
|-
| [[Bhonderi]] || 236.8 || 237
|-
| [[Sahnpur]] || 67.5 || 0
|-
| [[Sonapura]] || 395.2 || 185
|-
| [[Girgaw]] || 698.8 || 1,970
|-
| [[Shekhpura, Gwalior|Shekhpura]] || 318.8 || 140
|-
| [[Laxmangarh, Gwalior|Laxmangarh]] || 139.6 || 553
|-
| [[Baretha, Gwalior|Baretha]] || 579.6 || 1,395
|-
| [[Kheriya Mirdha]] || 267.7 || 680
|-
| [[Chandupura]] || 363.4 || 542
|-
| [[Suro, Gwalior|Suro]] || 383.7 || 916
|-
| [[Kheriya Keshar]] || 287.8 || 794
|-
| [[Siholi]] || 275.9 || 775
|-
| [[Dangguthina]] || 416.4 || 1,007
|-
| [[Guthina]] || 669 || 1,365
|-
| [[Bahadurpur, Gwalior|Bahadurpur]] || 901.6 || 1,960
|-
| [[Phoolpura, Gwalior|Phoolpura]] || 229.6 || 508
|-
| [[Parsen]] || 1,980.5 || 4,094
|-
| [[Manpur (Kakrari)]] || 206.6 || 233
|-
| [[Himapur]] || 261.1 || 229
|-
| [[Sunarpura Mafi]] || 284.7 || 706
|-
| [[Khodupura]] || 202 || 266
|-
| [[Saraspura]] || 391 || 723
|-
| [[Adupura Khalsa]] || 176.8 || 426
|-
| [[Dongarpur Tal]] || 232 || 298
|-
| [[Surajpura, Gwalior|Surajpura]] || 189.6 || 416
|-
| [[Sumerpada]] || 208.8 || 292
|-
| [[Jagupura]] || 123.3 || 304
|-
| [[Behata]] || 771.3 || 1,653
|-
| [[Maithana]] || 144.6 || 653
|-
| [[Chak Keshopur]] || 273.7 || 1,911
|-
| [[Jahangirpur, Gwalior|Jahangirpur]] || 294.1 || 952
|-
| [[Birampura]] || 451.9 || 682
|-
| [[Siroli]] || 620.3 || 1,661
|-
| [[Dhaneli]] || 470.8 || 958
|-
| [[Karigawan]] || 122 || 453
|-
| [[Banarpura]] || 104.1 || 227
|-
| [[Ratwai]] || 981.6 || 2,303
|-
| [[Rai, Gwalior|Rai]] || 376.3 || 918
|-
| [[Bhelakalan]] || 245.9 || 762
|-
| [[Bijoli]] || 966.3 || 2,964
|-
| [[Khargu Kheda]] || 105.7 || 214
|-
| [[Bahangikalan]] || 425.6 || 741
|-
| [[Soni, Gwalior|Soni]] || 810.7 || 1,405
|-
| [[Mugalpura]] || 219.7 || 1,098
|-
| [[Sihara]] || 351.7 || 387
|-
| [[Bandha, Gwalior|Bandha]] || 455 || 556
|-
| [[Utila, Gwalior|Utila]] || 1,286.5 || 4,004
|-
| [[Manpur Arroli]] || 438.3 || 90
|-
| [[Bhatpura Sani]] || 581.1 || 1,056
|-
| [[Kui, Gwalior|Kui]] || 303.4 || 495
|-
| [[Gurri, Gwalior|Gurri]] || 630.3 || 2,106
|-
| [[Dagrau]] || 314.6 || 933
|-
| [[Jinsikhan]] || 666.9 || 1
|-
| [[Dwarkaganj]] || 238.2 || 3,613
|-
| [[Tiholi]] || 2,392 || 3,613
|-
| [[Nidhawali]] || 492.5 || 976
|-
| [[Tankoli]] || 448.8 || 956
|-
| [[Singhpur, Gwalior|Singhpur]] || 1,950.8 || 103
|-
| [[Jamroha]] || 2,596.4 || 472
|-
| [[Fusawali]] || 1,015.1 || 1,308
|-
| [[Chakmaharajpur]] || 192 || 957
|-
| [[Hastanapur]] || 304.1 || 2,256
|-
| [[Mehroli]] || 183.8 || 956
|-
| [[Aroli, Gwalior|Aroli]] || 1,278.8 || 1,917
|-
| [[Tor, Gwalior|Tor]] || 280.9 || 998
|-
| [[Mukhtyarpur]] || 428.7 || 1,083
|-
| [[Ganpatpura]] || 222 || 780
|-
| [[Chhondi]] || 255.5 || 694
|-
| [[Sakatpura]] || 339.4 || 822
|-
| [[Baderafutkar]] || 610.4 || 1,664
|-
| [[Dhanwai]] || 309.9 || 382
|-
| [[Dabka, Morar, Gwalior|Dabka]] || 1,274 || 2,213
|-
| [[Laduapura]] || 99.2 || 22
|-
| [[Syawari]] || 328.3 || 1,062
|-
| [[Kaimpura]] || 133.8 || 286
|-
| [[Duhiya]] || 587.6 || 1,621
|-
| [[Arroli]] || 120.3 || 633
|-
| [[Bahangikhurd]] || 414.3 || 955
|-
| [[Supat]] || 183.7 || 345
|-
| [[Khedi, Morar, Gwalior|Khedi]] || 221.8 || 544
|-
| [[Kheda, Morar, Gwalior|Kheda]] || 243.4 || 703
|-
| [[Bhelakhurd]] || 112 || 663
|-
| [[Ikehara, Gwalior|Ikehara]] || 429.7 || 1,511
|-
| [[Santalpur, Gwalior|Santalpur]] || 145.2 || 899
|-
| [[Chandpura, Gwalior|Chandpura]] || 209.8 || 389
|-
| [[Gowai]] || 439.5 || 928
|-
| [[Turakpura]] || 151.3 || 167
|-
| [[Berja, Gwalior|Berja]] || 923.1 || 1,963
|-
| [[Rashidpur, Gwalior|Rashidpur]] || 173.3 || 748
|-
| [[Kakrari]] || 189.9 || 576
|-
| [[Bilheti]] || 1,060.7 || 4,021
|-
| [[Supawali]] || 1,596.4 || 2,776
|-
| [[Dayeli]] || 571 || 1,056
|-
| [[Sirsaud]] || 1,200 || 3,009
|-
| [[Jakhara]] || 1,037.1 || 2,096
|-
| [[Kripalpur]] || 202.4 || 1,010
|-
| [[Dangsarkar]] || 133.1 || 0
|-
| [[Sikroda Futkar]] || 236 || 503
|-
| [[Chaproli]] || 496 || 1,494
|-
| [[Narayanpur, Gwalior|Narayanpur]] || 181 || 323
|-
| [[Bhavanpura]] || 181 || 753
|-
| [[Chaksonpura]] || 219.4 || 340
|-
| [[Kirawali]] || 357.7 || 744
|-
| [[Dangora, Morar, Gwalior|Dangora]] || 170 || 242
|-
| [[Bilara, Gwalior|Bilara]] || 813.4 || 1,919
|-
| [[Gundhara]] || 840.6 || 2,906
|-
| [[Jiganiya]] || 503.7 || 896
|-
| [[Benipura]] || 191.6 || 890
|-
| [[Arora, Gwalior|Arora]] || 790.1 || 773
|-
| [[Lakhapura]] || 161.8 || 307
|-
| [[Ripuapura]] || 306 || 387
|-
| [[Sumawali]] || 970.5 || 1,178
|-
| [[Ari, Gwalior|Ari]] || 93.5 || 171
|-
| [[Luharpura]] || 135.4 || 312
|-
| [[Harpura, Gwalior|Harpura]] || 135.4 || 68
|-
| [[Harjanpura]] || 139.4 || 69
|-
| [[Behat, Gwalior|Behat]] || 1,600.8 || 4,735
|-
| [[Ikona, Morar, Gwalior|Ikona]] || 377.5 || 390
|-
| [[Gunjna]] || 570.4 || 444
|-
| [[Gadroli]] || 140.2 || 1,236
|-
| [[Dangiyapura]] || 738.3 || 2,271
|-
| [[Madha, Gwalior|Madha]] || 254.3 || 217
|-
| [[Rangawan]] || 1,604.4 || 2,181
|-
| [[Ghusgawan]] || 187.5 || 1,158
|-
| [[Tiktoli]] || 222.7 || 570
|-
| [[Jindpura]] || 556.7 || 21
|-
| [[Rahwali]] || 2,014.9 || 580
|-
| [[Amai, Morar, Gwalior district|Amai]] || 742.6 || 11
|-
| [[Sujhar]] || 1,850.3 || 44
|}

==Notable people==
*[[John Sparks (cricketer, born 1873)|John Sparks]] (1873–1920), cricketer and Royal Navy officer

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.dgde.gov.in/cantonments/web/634 Morar Cantonment] at Directorate General Defence Estates, Ministry of Defence, Government of India

{{Gwalior Division}}
{{Gwalior topics}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Gwalior district]]
[[Category:Gwalior]]
[[Category:Cantonments of British India]]
[[Category:Cantonments of India]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-geo-stub}}

The Week (Indian magazine)

2026-01-18T15:20:48Z

Roshni: Revised and enhanced article content

{{short description|Indian news magazine}}
{{other uses | The Week (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox magazine
| title = The Week
| logo = THE_WEEK_logoRS.jpg
| logo_size =
| image_file = [[File:The-Week-magazine.jpg|265px]]
| image_size = 
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| editor = Philip Mathew
| editor_title = Editor
| previous_editor =
| staff_writer =
| photographer =
| category = [[News magazine]]
| frequency = Weekly
| circulation =
| publisher = Jacob Mathew
| founder = [[K. M. Mathew]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1982|12||df=yes}} <ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/common/footer/footerHtmls.jsp?tabIDForMMEnglish=1&tabId=1&contentHtml=About%20Us&BV_ID=@@@ |title=English News |publisher=Manorama Online |date=2012-11-13 |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref>
| firstdate = {{Start date|1982|12|26|df=yes}}
| company = [[Malayala Manorama|The Malayala Manorama Co. Pvt. Ltd.]]
| country = India
| based = [[Kochi]]
| language = English
| website = {{URL|https://www.theweek.in}}
}}

'''''The Week''''' is an Indian [[news magazine]] founded in the year 1982 and published by [[Malayala Manorama|The Malayala Manorama Co. Pvt. Ltd]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.g2mi.com/company_description.php?id=490&name=Malayala-Manorama |title=Malayala Manorama Co. Ltd - Company Profile and Analysis |publisher=G2Mi |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> The magazine is published from [[Kochi]] and is currently printed in [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]] and [[Kottayam]]. According to the [[Audit Bureau of Circulations (India)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]], it is the largest circulated English news magazine in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.auditbureau.org/ |title=Audit Bureau of Circulations |publisher=Auditbureau.org |date=2011-09-26 |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref>

The magazine covers politics, entertainment, social issues, trends, technology and lifestyle.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE WEEK Magazine - Get your Digital Subscription.|url=https://www.magzter.com/share/mag/3180|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Magzter|language=en}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Chief editors ===
''The Week'' was launched by The Malayala Manorama Co. Ltd in December, 1982, and has had two chief editors, before the designation was discontinued.
* [[K. M. Mathew]] ([[Padma Bhushan]], 1998),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php?start=380 |title=Padma Bhushan Awardees - Padma Awards - My India, My Pride - Know India: National Portal of India |publisher=India.gov.in |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> the founder chief editor, remained in office until 25 December 1988. Popularly known as Mathukuttychayan, he was chairman of the Press Trust of India, president of the Indian Newspaper Society and chairman of the Audit Bureau of Circulations. He died on 1 August 2010. The obit which appeared in ''[[The Times of India]]'' said, "The highly acclaimed English news magazine-The Week-was his brainchild."<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-01/india/28282220_1_k-m-mathew-puthenpally-malayala-manorama | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617191626/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-01/india/28282220_1_k-m-mathew-puthenpally-malayala-manorama | url-status=dead | archive-date=17 June 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Media mogul K M Mathew dies, thousands pay respects | date=1 August 2010}}</ref>
* K. M. Mathew's eldest son, [[Mammen Mathew]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Mammen Mathew |url=http://thomsonreuters.com/about/trust_principles/trustee_directors/mammen_mathew/ |website=thomsonreuters.com |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |access-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406052945/http://thomsonreuters.com/about/trust_principles/trustee_directors/mammen_mathew/ |archive-date=April 6, 2012 |language=en}}</ref> ([[Padma Shri]], 2005),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmashri_awards_list1.php?start=470 |title=Padma Shri Awardees - Padma Awards - My India, My Pride - Know India: National Portal of India |publisher=India.gov.in |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> took over on 1 January 1989, and continued until 9 December 2007. He is currently chief editor of the ''[[Malayala Manorama]]'' daily, the group's flagship publication.
Currently, ''The Week'' does not have a chief editor. K. M. Mathew's second son, Philip Mathew, managing editor since 1 January 1989, is the highest-ranked editor.

=== Publishers ===
* Philip Mathew, the first publisher of the magazine, held the post until December 1988.
* Jacob Mathew: 1 January 1989 till date. K.M. Mathew's third son, he is currently president of WAN-IFRA. He is the second Asian and the first Indian to hold the post.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/10/stories/2011041055231300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416075005/http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/10/stories/2011041055231300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 April 2011 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Jacob Mathew elected WAN-IFRA president | date=10 April 2011}}</ref>

=== Editors ===
The magazine has had two editors, after which the designation was discontinued.
* [[V. K. Bhargavan Nair|V. K. B. Nair]]: 26 December 1982 to 3 June 1984.
* [[T. V. R. Shenoy]] ([[Padma Bhushan]], 2003):<ref>{{cite news| url=http://hindu.com/2003/01/26/stories/2003012605060100.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104115019/http://hindu.com/2003/01/26/stories/2003012605060100.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 January 2012 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Dorji, Sonal Mansingh, Parasaran among Padma awardees | date=26 January 2003}}</ref> 10 June 1984 to 11 December 1988.

=== Editor-in-charge ===
Currently, the editor-in-charge is responsible for selection of news under The Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867. The present editor-in-charge, V.S. Jayaschandran, took over on 1 April 2017.

== Design and style ==
The magazine was initially designed in-house, and was periodically redesigned. A major content overhaul was led by Peter Lim, author and former editor-in-chief of ''[[The Straits Times]]''/[[Singapore Press Holdings]]. He authored the book ''Chronicle of Singapore: Fifty Years of Headline News''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kinokuniya.com.sg/whatson_events_chronicleofsg.html |title=Books Kinokuniya Singapore |publisher=Kinokuniya.com.sg |date=2010-01-09 |access-date=2012-11-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130418153845/http://www.kinokuniya.com.sg/whatson_events_chronicleofsg.html |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref>

The two major redesigns were led by:
* Peter Ong<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trends-in-newsrooms.org/articles.php?id=34 |title=WAN-IFRA - Trends in Newsrooms 2012 |publisher=Trends-in-newsrooms.org |date=2012-08-30 |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> on 8 November 1998.
* Dr [[Mario García (designer)|Mario Garcia]]<ref name="garciamedia1">{{cite web |url=http://garciamedia.com/about/bio/dr_mario_r_garcia |title=García Media | Bios |publisher=Garciamedia.com |access-date=2012-11-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812080842/http://garciamedia.com/about/bio/dr_mario_r_garcia |archive-date=12 August 2013}}</ref> on 20 February 2005.

Based in Sydney, Australia, Ong<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifra.com/WebSite/IFRAEvent.nsf/wuis/D45987F2BAFDF38E482570B60012CF39?OpenDocument&CS& |title=www.ifra.com |publisher=ifra.com |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://peterong.com/blog/ |title=peterong.com |publisher=peterong.com |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> was formerly Picture & Graphics Editor of ''[[The Straits Times]]''. He is principal consultant at Checkout Australia, and was regional director for the Society of News Design. Garcia owns the premier newspaper design firm, Garcia Media.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://garciamedia.com/ |title=Newspaper Design, Newspaper Redesign, Web Design & iPad App Design |publisher=Garciamedia.com |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> Both of them also helped redesign the'' [[Malayala Manorama]]''.

In the early years, cartoonist [[Mario Miranda]] designed many covers for ''The Week''. He also had a regular pocket cartoon in the magazine.

''The Week'' does not have published stylebook, but generally follows the down style for capitalisation.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnhkJ_CjTQIC&q=down+style+capitalization&pg=PA151 |title=The Copyeditor's Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing And Corporate ... - Amy Einsohn - Google Books |date= 7 December 2005|access-date=2012-11-23|isbn=9780520932562 |last1=Einsohn |first1=Amy |publisher=University of California Press }}</ref> Its dateline carries the [[pull date]], not the date of issue.

== Columnists ==
''The Week'' has these regular guest columns:
* Ivory Tour by [[Sanjaya Baru]]
* DeTour by [[Shobhaa De]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/authors.html|title=Authors|website=The Week|language=en|access-date=2019-11-22}}</ref>
* Forthwrite by [[Meenakshi Lekhi]].
*Mani-festo by [[Mani Shankar Aiyar]]
* Last Word by [[Shashi Tharoor]], [[Barkha Dutt]], [[Navtej Sarna]] and [[Bibek Debroy]]
* Schizo-Nation by [[Anuja Chauhan]].
* Sound Bite by [[Anita Pratap]].

In addition to the guests, there are two staff columns.
* Power Point by K. S. Sachidananda Murthy,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pressclubmumbai.com/index.php?id=100&tx_ttnews%5Bpointer%5D=5&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=71&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=159&cHash=9d351f21f8 |title=The Press Club Mumbai |publisher=The Press Club Mumbai |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> resident editor in New Delhi.
* PMO Beat by R. Prasannan, chief of bureau, New Delhi.

=== Former columnists ===
Former columnists of the magazine include [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Khushwant Singh]], [[Saurav Ganguly]], [[Bikram Singh (general, born 1952)|General Bikram Singh (retd)]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theweek.in/authors.html?author=Gen-Bikram-Singh|title = Authors| website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] }}</ref> [[P. C. Alexander]], [[Binayak Sen]], [[Sania Mirza]], [[Saina Nehwal]], [[Swara Bhasker]], [[Sanjay Manjrekar]], [[R. N. Malhotra]], [[Sanjana Kapoor]], [[A. P. Venkateswaran]], [[Harsha Bhogle]], [[Sreenivasan Jain]], [[Mallika Sarabhai]], [[Nandita Das]], [[Manjula Padmanabhan]], [[Amjad Ali Khan]], Santosh Desai<ref>{{cite web|url=http://santoshdesai.com/about/ |title=About |publisher=Santosh Desai |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> and [[Antara Dev Sen]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.littlemag.com/about/about.html |title=The Little Magazine - About TLM |publisher=Littlemag.com |date=2001-07-01 |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> among others.

== Supplements and stand-alones ==
Two supplements go free with ''The Week'':
* Health, a fortnightly on health and fitness.
* The Wallet, a monthly guide to personal finance and investment.

The standalone magazines are:
* ''The Man'':<ref>{{cite web|url=http://etheman.manoramaonline.com/eMagazine/EpaperClient/EpaperClient.aspx |title=E The Man | Manorama Online |publisher=Etheman.manoramaonline.com |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> The Man, a monthly lifestyle magazine for men
* ''WatchTime India'': A quarterly magazine on luxury watches
* Smartlife: A monthly magazine on wellness and lifestyle
* Livingetc: A monthly magazine on home and interiors

== ''The Week'' Hay Festival ==
[[File:MarcusDuSautoy.jpg|thumb|Oxford mathematician [[Marcus du Sautoy]] (in purple shirt) at ''The Week'' Hay Festival 2010]]

=== Hay Kerala 2010 ===
''The Week'' was the title sponsor,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hayfestival.com/kerala/en-index.aspx?skinid=20&currencysetting=GBP&localesetting=en-GB&resetfilters=true |title=Hay Festival Kerala |publisher=Hayfestival.com |date=2011-10-25 |access-date=2012-11-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127151314/http://www.hayfestival.com/kerala/en-index.aspx?skinid=20&currencysetting=GBP&localesetting=en-GB&resetfilters=true |archive-date=27 November 2012 }}</ref> of the inaugural Hay Festival<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hayfestival.com/portal/index.aspx?skinid=1&localesetting=en-GB |title=Hay Festival of Literature and the Arts |publisher=Hayfestival.com |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> in India. Held in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], from 12 to 14 November 2010, the festival was held at Kanakakunnu Palace, the former summer retreat of the Travancore royal family.

Writers and speakers for the event included [[Mani Shankar Aiyar]], [[Rosie Boycott]], [[Gillian Clarke]], [[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]], [[Tishani Doshi]], [[Sonia Faleiro]], [[Sebastian Faulks]], [[Nik Gowing]], Manu Joseph, [[N. S. Madhavan]], [[Jaishree Misra]], Vivek Narayanan, [[Michelle Paver]], [[Basharat Peer]], Hannah Rothschild, K. Satchidanandan, [[Marcus du Sautoy]], [[Simon Schama]], [[Vikram Seth]], [[C. P. Surendran]], [[Miguel Syjuco]], [[Shashi Tharoor]], Amrita Tripathi, Pavan Varma and [[Paul Zacharia]].

The event closed with a concert by [[Bob Geldof]], where [[Sting (musician)|Sting]] made a surprise appearance.

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Awardee !! Award !! Agency !! Story
|-
| 2000 || Jayant Mammen Mathew & Maria Abraham || SAJA Journalism Award || [[South Asian Journalists Association]] (U.S.) || Rural reporting
|-
| 2002 || [[Deepak Tiwari]] || The Sarojini Naidu Prize || [[The Hunger Project]] (India) || Women in panchayati raj
|-
| 2007 || ''The Week'' || Media Excellence Award || Amity (India) || Business reporting
|-
| 2007 || Dnyanesh V. Jathar || Excellence in Journalism Award|| [[Ramnath Goenka]] Foundation (India) || Life of AIDS orphans
|-
| 2008 || Bidisha Ghosal || The Statesman Award for Rural Reporting || ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'' Ltd (India) || Sexual exploitation of widows in [[Vidarbha]]
|-
| 2009 || Bidisha Ghosal || IPI-India Award (Shared)|| [[International Press Institute]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemedia.at/ |title=IPI International Press Institute: The Global Network for a free media |publisher=Freemedia.at |date=2012-11-19 |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> India Chapter (India) || Sexual exploitation of widows in Vidarbha
|-
| 2009 || Kavitha Muralidharan || PII-[[ICRC]] Award || Press Institute of India & [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] (India) || Abduction of Tamil rebels by the Sri Lankan Army
|-
| 2010 || Mathew T. George || Excellence in Journalism (International) || Union Catholique Internationale de la Presse<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucip.ch/ |title=icom |publisher=Ucip.ch |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> ([[Burkina Faso]]) || [[Robertsonian translocation]] among [[Bhopal disaster|Bhopal gas tragedy]] victims
|-
| 2010 || Syed Nazakat || Finalist for [[Daniel Pearl]] International Award || Daniel Pearl Foundation<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.danielpearl.org/ |title=Daniel Pearl Foundation |publisher=Danielpearl.org |date=2002-10-10 |access-date=2012-11-23}}</ref> (Switzerland) || Multiple investigative stories
|-
| 2010 || ''The Week'' || Gold (Magazine cover design) || [[World Association of Newspapers|WAN]]-[[IFRA (publishing)|IFRA]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.wan-ifra.org/ | access-date=2023-11-02 | title=WAN-IFRA - World Association of News Publishers}}</ref> (Malaysia) || Cover for Health
|-
| 2010 || ''The Week'' || Gold (Special issue) || WAN-IFRA (Malaysia) || On 25 years after Indira Gandhi
|-
| 2011 || Bhanu Prakash Chandra || Gold (Feature photography) || WAN-IFRA (Thailand) || Biking through the Himalayas
|-
| 2011 || ''The Week''|| IPI India award for excellence in journalism (shared)||International Press Institute (India)|| Fake medical and dental colleges
|-
|2021
|Bhanu Prakash Chandra, Lakshmi Subramanian
|IPI India Award for Excellence in Journalism-2021 (shared)
|International Press Institute<ref name="ZN1">{{cite news|date=28 November 2021|title=IPI India journalism award to Tehelka, The Week|newspaper=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ipi-honours-for-ndtv-the-week-teams/article37731476.ece|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> (India)
|Refugee camps in Syria, Iraq
|}

In 2001, Special Cover Designer Ajay Pingle entered the Limca Book of Records for designing the most number of covers for an Indian newsmagazine.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

== Man of the Year ==
* 2009 – Brother Christudas, for Little Flower Leprosy Welfare Association<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/News/Ashok-Chavan-felicitates-Brother-Christudas-with-The-Week-Man-of-the-Year-Award/4844355516 |title=Ashok Chavan felicitates Brother Christudas with The Week Man of the Year Award |work=indiainfoline.com |access-date=12 December 2011}}</ref>
* 2010 – Satinath Sarangi, for voicing [[Bhopal disaster]] victims<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/theWeekContent.do?BV_ID=@@@&contentType=EDITORIAL&sectionName=TheWeek%20Lifestyle&programId=1073755413&contentId=9050675 |title=The Week | The man, the moment |work=manoramaonline.com |access-date=12 December 2011}}</ref>
* 2011 – Ajeet Singh, for Guria<ref>{{cite web |url= http://week.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/theWeekContent.do?contentId=10596717&programId=1073755753&tabId=13&BV_ID=@@@&categoryId=-168582 |title=The Week | Hope in the holy city |work=week.manoramaonline.com |access-date=12 December 2011}}</ref>
* 2018 – Nilesh Desai, Lighting up the Darkness<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theweek.in/home.htmlcontentId=10596717&programId=1073755753&tabId=13&BV_ID=@@@&categoryId=-168582 |title=The Week | Lighting up the Darkness |work=www.theweek.in/theweek/specials/2018/12/14/lighting-up-the-darkness.html |access-date=15 December 2018}}</ref>
*2019 – [[Madhav Gadgil]], for his work in ecology
*2020 – [[Sonu Sood]], for his humanitarian efforts during the pandemic
*2021 – [[Balram Bhargava]], [[Indian Council of Medical Research|ICMR]] Director-General
*2022 – [[Neeraj Chopra]], Olympics athlete, Javelin thrower
*2023 – [[S. Somanath]], Chairman ISRO
*2025 – [[Shubhanshu Shukla]], Member of [[Axiom Mission 4]]

== Couple of the Year ==
* 2017 – Ramesh Awasthi and Manisha Gupte<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/a-gentle-transition.html |title=A Gentle Transition |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |access-date=3 December 2017}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
The magazine was mired in controversy for an article on [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]]. In response to a defamation suit filed by Ranjit Savarkar, the magazine publicly apologised for the publication of the article.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Engage on democratic terms|url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/letter-to-editor/2021/05/14/engage-on-democratic-terms.html|access-date=2021-05-17|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=David|first=Supriti|title=The Week says it holds Savarkar in 'high esteem', apologises for a 2016 article|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/05/14/the-week-says-it-holds-savarkar-in-high-esteem-apologises-for-a-2016-article|access-date=2021-05-17|website=Newslaundry}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website|https://www.theweek.in}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Week}}
[[Category:1982 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:News magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Weekly magazines published in India]]
[[Category:English-language magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1982]]
[[Category:Malayala Manorama group]]

Ravi Varman

2026-01-14T04:07:46Z

Roshni: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Short description|Indian cinematographer, filmmaker, producer, writer}}
{{for|14th century warrior king of Quilon, Kerala|Ravivarman Kulaśēkhara}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Ravi Varman.JPG
| imagesize =
| caption = Varman in 2011
| name = Ravi Varman
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = {{Hlist | Cinematographer | filmmaker | producer | writer}}
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername =
| yearsactive = 1999—present
| spouse =
}}

'''S. Ravi Varman''' [[Indian Society of Cinematographers|ISC]] is an Indian cinematographer, filmmaker, producer and writer. He predominantly works in Tamil, Malayalam, and Hindi film industries. Varman began his career in Malayalam cinema. He directed a romantic film in Tamil titled ''[[Moscowin Kavery]]'' (2010). He is an honorary member of the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] (AM-pass).<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-06-26 |title=Oscars 2025: Shabana Azmi, SS Rajamouli, Ritesh Sidhwani, Ravi Varman among 487 new Academy members |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shabana-azmi-ss-rajamouli-ritesh-sidhwani-ravi-varman-among-487-new-academy-members/article68334998.ece |access-date=2024-08-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He was awarded the [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]] for his work in ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]'' (2022).

== Early life ==
Ravi was born in a village named Poyyundarkudikadu near Pattukottai in [[Thanjavur]] district, [[Tamil Nadu]], India.<ref>{{cite interview |last1=Varman |first1=Ravi |interviewer=Malini Mannath |date=21 June 2003 |url=http://archives.chennaionline.com/interviews/ravivarma.asp |title=Interview with cinematographer Ravi Varman |work=Chennai Online |access-date=2011-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222071419/http://archives.chennaionline.com/interviews/ravivarma.asp |archive-date=22 February 2010 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title='I’ll always try out techniques that others avoid': Cinematographer Ravi Varman |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2024/08/31/national-award-winning-cinematographer-ravi-varman-loves-to-experiment-with-techniques-that-others-avoid.html |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> Ravi adopted his surname inspired by the Chola kings [[Rajaraja I|Arunmozhi Varman]] and [[Kulottunga I|Kulothunga]] Varman.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2022-10-03 |title=Cinematographer Ravi Varman discusses the visual landscape of Mani Ratnam’s ‘Ponniyin Selvan’ |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/lighting-up-ponniyin-selvan-characters-the-ravi-varman-way/article65965895.ece |access-date=2024-10-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> His interest in photography and cinematography developed during his formative years, as he studied the works of painters like [[Rembrandt]] and [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]].<ref name=":6" />

Following the loss of his parents, he moved to Chennai at the age of 14.<ref name=":0" /> His career in cinematography began after working as an office boy in a film production company, where he trained under cinematographer [[Ravi K. Chandran]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
He made his debut as a cinematographer with ''[[Jalamarmaram]]'' (1999) and gained attention with Jayaraj's Malayalam film ''[[Shantham]]'' (2001), earning the 23rd EMI Third Continent Award for Best Cinematography.<ref name=":0" /> After working in Malayalam films since 1999 for three years, he worked in [[Hindi cinema]] for the film ''[[Yeh Dil]]'' in 2003.<ref name=":0" /> He later worked in the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu film]] ''[[Jai (2004 Telugu film)|Jai]]'' and received more offers in [[Hindi language|Hindi]], such as ''[[Armaan (2003 film)|Armaan]]'', ''Bee Busthar'', ''[[Ramji Londonwale]]'', and ''[[Phir Milenge (2004 film)|Phir Milenge]]'', His next project is going to be with Maniratnam.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://raatnam.com/mani-ratnams-heads-overseas-for-a-marathon-shoot/ |title=Mani Ratnam's heads overseas for a Marathon shoot |website=raatnam.com |access-date=23 September 2019 |archive-date=23 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923110939/https://raatnam.com/mani-ratnams-heads-overseas-for-a-marathon-shoot/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

It was not until 2002 when he started to work in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films, with his first one being [[Susi Ganeshan]]'s ''[[Five Star (film)|Five Star]]''. He continued to work with directors as a cinematographer in Tamil films, including [[S. Shankar]]'s ''[[Anniyan]]'', [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]'s ''[[Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu]]'', [[K. S. Ravikumar]]'s ''[[Dasavathaaram]]'' and ''[[Villu (film)|Villu]]'', which was directed by [[Prabhu Deva]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/ravi-varman/index.html |title=RAVI VARMAN - The Director, Cinematographer - Sunday special Interview on Dasavatharam Cinematographer Ravi Varman |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=2011-11-07 |archive-date=5 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605210922/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/ravi-varman/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Ravi Varman has often spoken about the influence of Madras (now Chennai) on his life and career. Arriving in the city as a teenager in search of food and livelihood, he has described Madras as a place that “tested, raised, and shaped” him, comparing it to both a mother and a divine presence that guided his artistic journey.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2025 |title=Madras tested me, raised me, shaped me: Ravi Varman. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/madras-tested-me-raised-me-shaped-me-ravi-varman/articleshow/123445668.cms |archive-url= |website=The Times of India.}}</ref>

In 2023, Ravi received his first [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]] for his work on ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]'', directed by [[Mani Ratnam]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-16 |title=Ponniyin Selvan cinematographer Ravi Varman on winning National Film Award: ‘It has been a long journey’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/ponniyin-selvan-cinematographer-ravi-varman-on-winning-national-film-award-it-has-been-a-long-journey-9517695/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> and was featured in the [[Film Companion|FC-Ormax Power List of Technicians]], recognizing his contributions to the entertainment industry alongside other prominent technicians.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=FC |first=Team |date=2024-07-11 |title=FC-Ormax Power List of Technicians 2024: Ravi Varman |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/power-list-2024/power-list-technicians/fc-ormax-power-list-of-technicians-2024-ravi-varman |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, Varman directed and co-produced ''Bande Utkala Janani Anthem'', a tourism video promoting the state of [[Odisha]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=V |first=Harshini S. |date=2024-02-07 |title=We Want The Lyrics to Narrate The Story: Ravi Varman on Making The Odisha Tourism Video |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/streaming-interviews/we-want-the-lyrics-to-narrate-the-story-ravi-varman-on-making-the-odisha-tourism-video-pritam-bande-utkala-janani |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref> The video features music by [[Pritam]] and uses the lyrics of "[[Bande Utkala Janani]]", a patriotic anthem written by Odia poet [[Laxmikanta Mohapatra|Kantakabi Laxmikanta Mohapatra]].<ref name=":4" />

After completing ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I|Ponniyin Selvan]]'', Ravi worked on [[Revathi|Revathy]]’s ''[[Salaam Venky]]'' and resumed post-production on Ratnam's film.<ref name=":6" /> Varman collaborated with [[Kamal Haasan]] once again on ''[[Indian 2]]'', after previously working with him on [[Dasavathaaram]] (2008).<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-10 |title=Indian 2 is like our version of a Bond film: Ravi Varman |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-2-is-like-our-version-of-a-bond-film-ravi-varman/articleshow/111623066.cms |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film is a sequel to ''[[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]]'' (1996)<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> In 2024, Varman was invited to join the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] as part of its 2025 class of new members.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-06-26 |title=Oscars 2025: Shabana Azmi, SS Rajamouli, Ritesh Sidhwani, Ravi Varman among 487 new Academy members |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shabana-azmi-ss-rajamouli-ritesh-sidhwani-ravi-varman-among-487-new-academy-members/article68334998.ece |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He is currently working on the upcoming movie ''[[Love Insurance Kompany]]'', directed by [[Vignesh Shivan]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-07-25 |title=‘Love Insurance Kompany’: Pradeep Ranganathan - Vignesh Shivan film’s first look out |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/love-insurance-kompany-pradeep-ranganathan-vignesh-shivan-films-first-look-out/article68444544.ece |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South]] for ''[[Anniyan]]'' (2006)
* [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Cinematographer]] for ''[[Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu]]'' (2007)
* [[ITFA Best Cinematographer Award]] for ''[[Dasavathaaram]]'' (2009)
* [[Star Guild Awards]] for Best Cinematography for ''[[Barfi!]]'' (2012)
* [[Screen Award for Best Cinematography|Screen Awards]] for Best cinematography for ''[[Barfi!]]'' (2012)
* [[IIFA Awards]] for [[IIFA Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]] for ''[[Barfi!]]'' (2012)
* [[Zee Cine Award for Best Cinematography|Zee Cine Awards]] for Best cinematography for ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'' (2014)
*[[Vijay Award]] for Best Cinematography for ''[[Kaatru Veliyidai]]'' (2017)
*[[7th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Award]] for Best Cinematography for ''[[Kaatru Veliyidai]]'' (2017)
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South]] for ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]'' (2023)
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South]] for [[Ponniyin Selvan: I|''Ponniyin Selvan: II'']] (2024)
*[[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]] for ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]'' (2024)<ref name=":1" />

==Filmography==

=== As producer ===

* ''[[Vellaiya Irukiravan Poi Solla Maatan]]'' (2015)

=== As cinematographer ===

==== Films ====
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ {{sronly|List of Ravi Varman film credits as cinematographer}}
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Jalamarmaram]]'' || rowspan="5" | [[Malayalam]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |2000
| ''[[Sathyam Sivam Sundaram (2000 film)|Sathyam Sivam Sundaram]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Santham]]''
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| rowspan="3" |2001
| ''[[Valliettan]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Vakkalathu Narayanankutty]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Five Star (film)|Five Star]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2003
| ''[[Yeh Dil]]'' || [[Hindi]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| ''[[Jai (2004 Telugu film)|Jai]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|-
| ''[[Armaan (2003 film)|Armaan]]'' || Hindi
|
|-
| ''[[Kilichundan Mampazham]]'' || Malayalam
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2004
| ''[[Five by Four]]'' || [[English language|English]]
|
|-
| ''[[Phir Milenge (2004 film)|Phir Milenge]]'' || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Autograph (2004 film)|Autograph]]'' || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005
| ''[[Anniyan]]''
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South|Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – Tamil]]{{efn|Jointly awarded with [[V. Manikandan]]}}
|-
| ''[[Ramji Londonwale]]'' || Hindi
|
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu]]'' || rowspan="4" | Tamil
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Cinematographer]]
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Dasavathaaram]]''
|
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Villu (film)|Villu]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010
| ''[[Moscowin Kavery]]'' || Also directorial debut
|-
| ''[[Kandahar (2010 film)|Kandahar]]'' || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Badrinath (film)|Badrinath]]'' || Telugu
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Barfi!]]'' || rowspan="3" | Hindi
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]''
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Cinematography|Zee Cine Awards 2014 - Best Cinematography]]
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Tamasha (2015 film)|Tamasha]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017
| ''[[Kaatru Veliyidai]]'' || Tamil
|Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards for Best Cinematography
Vijay Award for Best Cinematographer
Behindwoods Gold Medal for Best Cinematographer
|-
| ''[[Jagga Jasoos]]'' || Hindi
|Nominated - [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography]]
|-
| ''[[Heartbeats (2017 film)|Heartbeats]]'' || English
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Sanju]]''
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |2019
|''[[Mission Mangal]]''
|
|-
|''[[Kolaambi]]''
|Malayalam
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |2022
| ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]''
|Tamil
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South|Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – Tamil]]
[[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]]<ref name=":1" /> 

Nominated -[[16th Asian Film Awards|16th Asian Film Award]] for Best Cinematography
|-
| ''[[Salaam Venky]]''
|Hindi
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |2023
|''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]''
| rowspan="4" |Tamil
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South|Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – Tamil]]
|-
| ''[[Japan (2023 film)|Japan]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Karthi praises Ponniyin Selvan cinematographer Ravi Varman for enhancing Japan’s quality: ‘He worked tirelessly on Indian 2, Japan in tandem’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/karthi-praises-ponniyin-selvan-cinematographer-ravi-varman-enhancing-japan-quality-indian-2-9018801/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Indian 2]]''
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2024-07-05 |title=DOP Ravi Varman calls working with Kamal Haasan an incredible experience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dop-ravi-varman-calls-working-with-kamal-haasan-an-incredible-experience/articleshow/111511245.cms |access-date=2024-10-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1" |2025
| {{pending film|italic=no| ''[[Love Insurance Kompany]]'' }}
|<ref name=":5" />
|}

===As guest cinematographer===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ {{nowrap|{{sronly|List of Ravi Varman film credits as guest cinematographer}}}}
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Vaalee (1999 film)|Vaalee]]'' || rowspan="3" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
| 2001
| ''[[Minnale]]''
|2 songs
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011
| ''[[Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)| Bodyguard]]'' || [[Hindi]]
|
|-
| ''[[7 Aum Arivu]]'' || Tamil
| "O Ringa Ringa" song
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Ugramm]]'' || [[Kannada]]
|
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Crew (film)|Crew]]'' || Hindi
| 1 song
|-
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.ravivarmandop.com}}
* {{IMDb name|0890061}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South}}{{Tamil Nadu State Film Award Best Cinematography}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varman, Ravi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Malayalam film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:People from Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Tamil cinematographers]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Telugu film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Tamil film producers]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

All Assamese Students' Association, New Delhi

2025-12-29T01:57:08Z

Roshni: adding post...

{{short description|Students' organisation}}
{{Promotional|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = All Assamese Students' Association
| image =
| logo =
| abbreviation = AASA
| formation = {{Start date and age|2009|4|1|df=yes}}
| type = [[Student society|Student organization]]
| region_served = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Subhra Jyoti Duarah
}}
'''All Assamese Students' Association''' or AASA is a students' organisation for the students of [[Assam]] studying in [[Delhi]]. They have been organising various events and activities to hold and safeguard the culture and tradition of Assam in the Capital of India and adjacent regions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Assamese students body holds prayer meet for lynched youth|url=https://inshorts.com/en/news/assamese-students-body-holds-prayer-meet-for-lynched-youth-1528827087092|access-date=2020-06-08|website=Inshorts - Stay Informed|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2018-01-28|title=All Assamese Students' Association - Delhi|url=http://aad.assam.org/content/all-assamese-students-association-delhi|access-date=2020-06-02|website=aad.assam.org|language=en}}</ref>

== Help Desk ==
All Assamese Students' Association organises Annual Admission Help Desk in various cities of Assam along with telephonic support. These help desks are run by students who are currently studying in the University of Delhi and other colleges of NCR to help students of Assam in the admission process of their colleges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=All Assamese Student Association Archives|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/tag/all-assamese-student-association/|access-date=2020-06-08|website=Pratidin Time|language=en-US}}</ref>

Every year thousands of students get help in their admission and other necessary requirements through this help desk.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

== Frestival ==
Frestival is an Annual event organised by All Assamese Students' Association, New Delhi to welcome the fresher students from Assam. It usually happen between August–September.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-15|title=Assam Students celebrate 'Freshtival' in New Delhi|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/assam-students-celebrate-freshtival-in-new-delhi/|access-date=2020-06-02|website=Pratidin Time|language=en-US}}</ref> They invite artists like the local train, Neel akash to entertain students.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Delhi : Assamese Students Union welcomes freshers|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/lifestyle/culture/new-delhi-assamese-students-union-welcomes-freshers201809141536460003/|access-date=2020-06-02|website=ANI News|language=en}}</ref>

== Bohagi Utsav ==
Bohagi Utsav is a celebration of Assamese new year [[Bohag Bihu]], All Assamese Students' Association organizes Bohagi Utsav annually with the participation of many Assamese people staying in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Magical Assam|date=2019-04-11|title=A Guide to Celebrate Rongali Bihu 2019 in Delhi NCR|url=https://www.magicalassam.com/2019/04/rongali-bihu-2019.html|access-date=2020-06-08|website=Magical Assam|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=All Assamese Students' Association to celebrate Bohag Bihu in Delhi|url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/buzz/all-assamese-students-association-to-celebrate-bohag-bihu-in-delhi|access-date=2020-06-02|website=G Plus|language=en}}</ref> Many popular artists like Zubeen Garg, Deeplina Deka, Amrita Gogoi had performed in the event.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-01|title=All Assamese Students Association, New Delhi To Celebrate Bohag Bihu This Sunday At North Campus|url=https://duexpress.in/all-assamese-students-associationnew-delhi-to-celebrate-bohag-bihu-this-sunday-at-north-campus/|access-date=2020-06-02|website=DU EXPRESS|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Mamoni Raisom Goswami Memorial National Debate ==
The Mamoni Raisom Goswami Memorial National Debate Competition is organized every year By AASA, ND in memory of literateur Dr. Indira Goswami.<ref>{{Cite web|title=All Assamese Students Association to Host Memorial Debate Competition!|url=http://dubeat.com/event/all-assamese-students-association-to-host-memorial-debate-competition/|access-date=2020-06-02|website=DU Beat|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Other Activities ==
All Assamese Students' Association also organise various events like Health camps for slum children, Children's Day in Slum Areas, Motivational Talk sessions, Career Counseling Sessions, Saraswati Puja, Annual Sports Day etc.<ref>{{Cite web|title=All Assamese Students' Association to celebrate Bohag Bihu in Delhi|url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/buzz/all-assamese-students-association-to-celebrate-bohag-bihu-in-delhi|access-date=2020-06-08|website=G Plus|language=en}}</ref> All Assamese students' Association always been raising their voice for Assam. They participated in the Anti CAA Protests in Delhi; they initiated various fund raisers in critical times like the flood in Assam and the COVID-19 Scare.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Feeds|first=A. N. I.|date=2018-06-12|title=Assamese students body holds prayer meet for lynched youth|url=https://www.india.com/news/agencies/assamese-students-body-holds-prayer-meet-for-lynched-youth-3106447/|access-date=2020-06-02|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Pratidhwani ==
Pratidhwani, literally meaning 'echo', is the annual magazine of the All Assamese Students' Association, New Delhi. It compiles the plethora of art from a wide range of contributors and serves as an account of one whole year's achievement as well as growth of the Association.

== See also ==

* [[All Assam Students' Union]]
* [[Bohag Bihu]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [https://www.facebook.com/AASAND2009/ Facebook]

[[Category:Student organisations in India| ]]
[[Category:Student organizations established in 2009]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]

South Africa women's cricket team in India in 2014–15

2025-12-24T14:48:22Z

Roshni:

{{short description|International cricket tour}}
{{Use South African English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = South Africa women tour of India
| team1_image = Flag_of_India.svg
| team1_name = India women
| team2_image = Flag_of_South_Africa.svg
| team2_name = South Africa women
| from_date =16 November
| to_date =30 November 2014
| team1_captain = [[Mithali Raj]]
| team2_captain = [[Mignon du Preez]]
| no_of_tests =1
| team1_tests_won =1
| team2_tests_won =0
| team1_tests_most_runs =[[Thirush Kamini]] (192)
| team2_tests_most_runs =[[Mignon du Preez]] (119)
| team1_tests_most_wickets =[[Harmanpreet Kaur]] (9)
| team2_tests_most_wickets =[[Sunette Loubser]] (3)
| player_of_test_series =
| no_of_ODIs =3
| team1_ODIs_won =1
| team2_ODIs_won =2
| team1_ODIs_most_runs =[[Shikha Pandey]] (118)
| team2_ODIs_most_runs =[[Chloe Tryon]] (99)
| team1_ODIs_most_wickets =[[Jhulan Goswami]] (6)
| team2_ODIs_most_wickets =[[Dane van Niekerk]] (6) [[Marizanne Kapp]] (6)
| player_of_ODI_series =
| no_of_twenty20s =1
| team1_twenty20s_won =1
| team2_twenty20s_won =0
| team1_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Smriti Mandhana]] (52)
| team2_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Dane van Niekerk]] (46)
| team1_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Poonam Yadav]] (3)
| team2_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Sunette Loubser]] (2)
| player_of_twenty20_series =
| team1_points =
| team2_points =
| points_header =
}}
The [[South Africa women's national cricket team|South Africa women's cricket team]] toured India from 16 to 30 November 2014. The tour consisted of one [[Test cricket|Test]] match, three [[One Day International]] (ODI) matches and one [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I). The ODI games were part of the [[2014–16 ICC Women's Championship]]. South Africa beat India 2–1 in the ODI series. India won the only Test match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Women tour of India 2014/15 {{!}} Live Score, Schedule, News |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-women-tour-of-india-2014-15-797883 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250813145404/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-women-tour-of-india-2014-15-797883 |archive-date=2025-08-13 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=2|Tests
!colspan=2|ODIs
!colspan=2|T20I
|-
! {{crw|IND}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-championship-2014-16/content/squad/798131.html|title=India women Test Squad |accessdate=22 November 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
! {{crw|SA}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-championship-2014-16/content/squad/798227.html|title=South Africa women Test Squad |accessdate=22 November 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
! {{crw|IND}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-championship-2014-16/content/squad/802097.html|title=India women ODI Squad |accessdate=22 November 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
! {{crw|SA}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-championship-2014-16/content/squad/798227.html|title=South Africa women ODI Squad |accessdate=22 November 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
! {{crw|IND}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-championship-2014-16/content/squad/802099.html|title=India women T20I Squad |accessdate=22 November 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
! {{crw|SA}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-championship-2014-16/content/squad/798227.html|title=South Africa women T20I Squad |accessdate=22 November 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Mithali Raj]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Ekta Bisht]]
* [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]]
* [[Jhulan Goswami]]
* [[Thirush Kamini]]
* [[Harmanpreet Kaur]]
* [[Smriti Mandhana]]
* [[Niranjana Nagarajan]]
* [[Shikha Pandey]]
* [[Poonam Yadav]]
* [[Swagatika Rath]]
* [[Poonam Raut]]
* [[Shubhlakshmi Sharma]]
* [[Vellaswamy Vanitha]]
* [[Sushma Verma]] (wk)
|
* [[Mignon du Preez]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Trisha Chetty]] ([[Captain (cricket)|vc]])
* [[Savanna Cordes]]
* [[Moseline Daniels]]
* [[Yolani Fourie]]
* [[Shabnim Ismail]]
* [[Marizanne Kapp]]
* [[Ayabonga Khaka]]
* [[Lizelle Lee]]
* [[Marcia Letsoalo]]
* [[Nadine Moodley]]
* [[Nonkhululeko Thabethe]]
* [[Chloe Tryon]]
* [[Dane van Niekerk]]
|
* [[Mithali Raj]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Ekta Bisht]]
* [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]]
* [[Jhulan Goswami]]
* [[Thirush Kamini]]
* [[Harmanpreet Kaur]]
* [[Smriti Mandhana]]
* [[Poonam Yadav]]
* [[Sneh Rana (cricketer)|Sneh Rana]]
* [[Swagatika Rath]]
* [[Poonam Raut]]
* [[Deepti Sharma]]
* [[Shubhlakshmi Sharma]]
* [[Vellaswamy Vanitha]]
* [[Sushma Verma]] (wk)
|
* [[Mignon du Preez]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Trisha Chetty]] ([[Captain (cricket)|vc]])
* [[Savanna Cordes]]
* [[Moseline Daniels]]
* [[Yolani Fourie]]
* [[Shabnim Ismail]]
* [[Marizanne Kapp]]
* [[Ayabonga Khaka]]
* [[Lizelle Lee]]
* [[Marcia Letsoalo]]
* [[Nadine Moodley]]
* [[Nonkhululeko Thabethe]]
* [[Chloe Tryon]]
* [[Dane van Niekerk]]
|
* [[Mithali Raj]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Ekta Bisht]]
* [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]]
* [[Jhulan Goswami]]
* [[Harmanpreet Kaur]]
* [[Smriti Mandhana]]
* [[Shikha Pandey]]
* [[Poonam Yadav]]
* [[Sneh Rana (cricketer)|Sneh Rana]]
* [[Poonam Raut]]
* [[Paramita Roy]]
* [[Shubhlakshmi Sharma]]
* [[Devika Vaidya]]
* [[Vellaswamy Vanitha]]
* [[Sushma Verma]] (wk)
|
* [[Mignon du Preez]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Trisha Chetty]] ([[Captain (cricket)|vc]])
* [[Savanna Cordes]]
* [[Moseline Daniels]]
* [[Yolani Fourie]]
* [[Shabnim Ismail]]
* [[Marizanne Kapp]]
* [[Ayabonga Khaka]]
* [[Lizelle Lee]]
* [[Marcia Letsoalo]]
* [[Nadine Moodley]]
* [[Nonkhululeko Thabethe]]
* [[Chloe Tryon]]
* [[Dane van Niekerk]]
|}

==Tour matches==
===Practice match: India A Women v South Africa Women===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 12 – 13 November 2014
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND|name=India A}}
| team2 = {{crw|RSA}}

| result = Cancelled
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/728/728024.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[KSCA Cricket Ground]], [[Alur, Hassan|Alur]]
| umpires =
| motm =
| toss = No toss.
| rain =
| notes = Delay in the arrival of South Africa meant the match was cancelled.
}}
===ODI practice match: India A Women v South Africa Women===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 22 November 2014
| time =
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{crw-rt|RSA}}
| team2 = {{crw-rt|IND|name=India A}}
| score1 = 300/7 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Lizelle Lee]] 128 (141)
| wickets1 = [[Devika Vaidya]] 3/59 (10 overs)
| score2 = 180/3 (50 overs)
| runs2 = [[Smriti Mandhana]] 54 (79)
| wickets2 = [[Sunette Loubser]] 1/22 (10 overs)
| result = South Africa Women won by 120 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/797897.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| umpires = Abhijit Bengeri (Ind) and K.R. Vasuki (Ind)
| motm =
| toss = India A Women won the toss and elected to field.
| round =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Test series==
===Only Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 16 – 19 November 2014
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|SA}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 400/6[[declaration and forfeiture|d]] (148.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 =[[Thirush Kamini]] 192 (430)
| wickets-team1-inns1 =[[Sunette Loubser]] 3/90 (32.4 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 =234 (110 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 =[[Mignon du Preez]] 102 (253)
| wickets-team2-inns1 =[[Harmanpreet Kaur]] 5/44 (16 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =132 [[Follow-on|f/o]] (78.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 =[[Trisha Chetty]] 35 (131)
| wickets-team2-inns2 =[[Harmanpreet Kaur]] 4/41 (25.2 overs)

| result = India Women won by an innings and 34 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-championship-2014-16/engine/match/797899.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gangothri Glades Cricket Ground]], [[Mysore]]
| umpires = [[Nitin Pandit]] (Ind) and [[Rohan Pandit]] (Ind)
| motm =
| toss = India Women won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]], [[Poonam Yadav]], [[Sushma Verma]] (Ind); [[Mignon du Preez]], [[Yolani Fourie]], [[Marizanne Kapp]], [[Lizelle Lee]], [[Nadine Moodley]], [[Nonkhululeko Thabethe]], [[Chloe Tryon]] and [[Dane van Niekerk]] (SA) made their Test debut.
}}

==ODI series==
{{main|2014–16 ICC Women's Championship}}

===1st ODI===
{{Limited overs matches
| date =24 November 2014
| time =
| daynight =yes
| team1 ={{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 ={{crw|SA}}
| score1 =114 (38.5 overs)
| runs1 =[[Jhulan Goswami]] 33 (81)
| wickets1 =[[Dane van Niekerk]] 4/9 (7 overs)
| score2 =118/8 (41.1 overs)
| runs2 =[[Chloe Tryon]] 50 (80)
| wickets2 =[[Jhulan Goswami]] 3/22 (7 overs)
| result =South Africa Women won by 2 wickets
| report =[http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-championship-2014-16/engine/match/797901.html Scorecard]
| venue =[[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| umpires = [[Puttarangaiah Jayapal]] (Ind) and [[Belur Ravi]] (Ind)
| motm =
| toss =India Women won the toss and elected to bat.
| round = [[2014–16 ICC Women's Championship|ICC Women's Championship]]
| rain =
| notes = [[Sushma Verma]] (Ind) made her ODI debut.
*''[[2014–16 ICC Women's Championship|ICC Women's Championship]] points: India Women 0, South Africa Women 2''
}}

===2nd ODI===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 26 November 2014
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SA}}
| score1 = 186/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 187/4 (44.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Chloe Tryon]] 49[[Not out|*]] (34)
| wickets1 = [[Shikha Pandey]] 3/19 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shikha Pandey]] 59 (56)
| wickets2 = [[Sunette Loubser]] 1/17 (5 overs)
| result =India Women won by 6 wickets
| report =[http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-championship-2014-16/engine/match/797903.html Scorecard]
| venue =[[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| umpires = [[Puttarangaiah Jayapal]] (Ind) and [[Belur Ravi]] (Ind)
| motm =
| toss = India Women won the toss and elected to field.
| round = [[2014–16 ICC Women's Championship|ICC Women's Championship]]
| notes = [[2014–16 ICC Women's Championship|ICC Women's Championship]] points: India Women 2, South Africa Women 0
}}

===3rd ODI===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 28 November 2014
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|SA}}
| score1 = 180 (47.3 overs)
| score2 = 184/6 (48 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shikha Pandey]] 59 (59)
| wickets1 = [[Sunette Loubser]] 3/28 (8 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nadine Moodley]] 54 (90)
| wickets2 = [[Jhulan Goswami]] 2/27 (10 overs)
| result =South Africa Women won by 4 wickets
| report =[http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-championship-2014-16/engine/match/797905.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| umpires = [[Puttarangaiah Jayapal]] (Ind) and [[Belur Ravi]] (Ind)
| motm =
| toss = South Africa Women won the toss and elected to field.
| round = [[2014–16 ICC Women's Championship|ICC Women's Championship]]
| notes = [[Deepti Sharma]] (Ind) and [[Nonkhululeko Thabethe]] (SA) made their ODI debuts.
*''[[2014–16 ICC Women's Championship|ICC Women's Championship]] points: India Women 0, South Africa Women 2''
}}

==T20I series==
===Only T20I===
{{Limited overs matches
| date =30 November 2014
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 146/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 130/9 (20 overs)
| team2 = {{crw|SA}}
| runs1 = [[Smriti Mandhana]] 52 (42)
| wickets1 = [[Sunette Loubser]] 2/29 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Dane van Niekerk]] 46 (47)
| wickets2 = [[Poonam Yadav]] 3/18 (3 overs)
| result =India Women won by 16 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-championship-2014-16/engine/match/797907.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| umpires = [[Puttarangaiah Jayapal]] (Ind) and [[Belur Ravi]] (Ind)
| motm =
| toss = South Africa Women won the toss and elected to field.
| notes = [[Devika Vaidya]] (Ind) and [[Nonkhululeko Thabethe]] (SA) made their T20I debuts.
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/797883.html Series home Page at ESPN Cricinfo]

{{India women's national cricket team}}
{{South Africa women's national cricket team}}
{{ICC Women's Championship}}
{{International cricket in 2014-15}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:South African women's cricket team in India in 2014-15}}
[[Category:2014–16 ICC Women's Championship]]
[[Category:2014–15 Indian women's cricket]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2014]]
[[Category:South Africa women's national cricket team tours|India]]
[[Category:2014 in South African women's sport]]
[[Category:2014 in women's cricket]]
[[Category:Women's international cricket tours of India]]

Thrippunithura Terminal metro station

2025-11-29T17:35:23Z

Roshni:

{{Short description|Metro station in Kochi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = {{ric|Kochi Metro|size=100px}} Thrippunithura Terminal
| type = {{ric|Kochi Metro}} [[Kochi Metro]]
| style = Kochi Metro
| image = Thrippunithura Terminal metro station DSC 4719.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Thrippunithura Terminal metro station Entrance
| address = [[Thrippunithura]], [[Kochi]]
| country =
| coordinates = {{coord|9.9503|76.3516|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation =
| line =
| other = {{ric|Indian Railways}} {{stnlnk|Tripunithura}}
| structure =
| platform =
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{start date and age|2024|3|6|df=y}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 750V DC
| accessible =
| code =
| owned = [[Kochi Metro Rail Limited|KMRL]]
| operator =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=Kochi Metro|left=SN Junction |right= |line= Line 1}}
| map_type = India Kerala
| map_size = 300
| map_dot_label = Thrippunithura
| route_map = {{Kochi Metro RDT}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}
'''Thrippunithura Terminal''' is a terminal metro station serving as the southern terminal of the [[Kochi Metro]] which was opened on 6 March 2024. It was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India [[Narendra Modi]] on 6 March 2024 and marked the completion of final station of the first phase of the Kochi metro system that starts from [[Aluva metro station|Aluva]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-07 |title=Kochi Metro operational with launch of Tripunithura terminal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kochi-metro-operational-with-launch-of-tripunithura-terminal-101709751153157.html |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Asymmetric Total Synthesis of ()-Spirochensilide A, Part 2: The Final Phase and Completion |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.0c02510.s001 |doi=10.1021/acs.joc.0c02510.s001 }}</ref>

==Location and connections==

Thrippunithura Terminal metro station is located on the side of the [[Tripunithura railway station]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Paul |first=John L. |date=2023-06-06 |title=Work on Kochi metro's Thripunithura extension to get over by September-end |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/work-on-kochi-metros-thripunithura-extension-to-get-over-by-september-end/article66938120.ece |access-date=2024-03-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>It is the final station in the 'Phase 1' of the Kochi Metro. It offers connectivity to the bustling Thrippunithura, a business oriented town, and the several suburbs such as [[Chottanikkara|Chottanikkra]], Kandanad, [[Thiruvankulam]] and [[Eroor]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kochi Metro}}

[[Category:Kochi Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2017]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Ernakulam district]]

Akhiri Chahar Shambah

2025-11-23T09:17:33Z

Roshni: adding new post

{{Short description|Islamic holy day}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Akhiri Chahar Shambah
| type = Islamic
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| official_name =
| nickname =
| observedby = [[Indian Muslims|Indian]], [[Pakistani Muslims|Pakistani]], [[Bangladeshi Muslims|Bangladeshi]], [[Afghan Muslims|Afghan]] and [[Persian Muslims]]<ref name="বাংলাপিডিয়া"/>
| litcolor =
| longtype =
| significance = [[Muhammad]]'s temporary recovery
| begins =
| ends =
| date = Last Wednesday of [[Safar]]
| scheduling =
| duration = 1 day
| frequency = Annual
| week_ordinal =
| weekday =
| month =
| celebrations =
| observances = [[Nafl prayer]]s, donations, prayers
| relatedto =
}}
{{Muhammad}}
'''Akhiri Chahar Shambah''' is a holy day<ref name="বাংলাপিডিয়া">{{Cite Banglapedia |article=Akhiri Chahar Shambah |author=Syed Ashraf Ali}}</ref> for Muslims of the [[Indian subcontinent]] and [[Iran]].<ref name="প্রআ">{{cite news |date=1 January 2014 |title=আজ পবিত্র আখেরি চাহার শোম্বা |lang=bn|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE |newspaper=[[Prothom Alo]] |access-date=10 December 2015 |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630011809/https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE |url-status=live }}</ref> It is an Arabic and Persian word-pair; its Arabic part is akheri, meaning "last" and the Persian part is chahar sambah, meaning "Wednesday".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/columns/574149 |title=আখেরি চাহার শোম্বার ইতিহাস ও তাৎপর্য |lang=bn |date=23 October 2019 |work=[[Bangla Tribune]] |first=Md Abu Saleh |last=Sekendar |access-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919093230/https://www.banglatribune.com/columns/574149/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF|archive-date=19 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Origin==
At the beginning of [[Hijri year|Hijri]] 11, [[Muhammad]] fell seriously ill. Gradually his physical condition started to deteriorate. He became so ill that he could not even lead the prayer. He recovered on Wednesday, the 28th [[Safar]]. The day was the last Wednesday of the month of Safar.<ref name="ই১"/>

On this day feeling somewhat better, he took a bath and led the prayer for the last time. The people of Medina came to know about this news<ref name="ই১">{{cite news |date=4 January 2013 |title=অবিস্মরণীয় আখেরী চাহার সোম্বা |lang=bn|url=http://archive.ittefaq.com.bd/index.php?ref=MjBfMDFfMDRfMTNfNF8yMl8xXzg1MDA= |newspaper=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |access-date=10 December 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304232455/http://archive.ittefaq.com.bd/index.php?ref=MjBfMDFfMDRfMTNfNF8yMl8xXzg1MDA= |url-status=live }}</ref> and came in groups to see him.<ref name="ইন" /> All of them offered charity, prayers and prayers in thanksgiving. Some of his followers freed their slaves and donated money or camels.<ref name="ই১" /> On that day [[Abu Bakr]] donated 5 thousand, [[Umar]] 7 thousand, [[Uthman]] 10 thousand, [[Ali]] 3 thousand dirhams and [[Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf]] donated 100 camels.<ref name="ইন" />

==Observances==
Although there is a difference of opinion among religious scholars regarding the observance of this day, this day is observed in the light of certain rules.<ref name="ইন"/><ref>{{cite web|title=আখেরী চাহার সোম্বা' কাকে বলে। শরী'আতে এরূপ কোন দিবসের অনুমোদন আছে কি?|lang=bn|url=https://at-tahreek.com/site/show/125|archive-date=14 December 2022|access-date=14 December 2022|website=At Tahreek|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221214015835/https://at-tahreek.com/site/show/125|url-status=dead}}</ref> The day is originally celebrated as 'Thanksgiving Day'; So that after taking bath and performing two [[Rak'a|rak'as]] Al-Shukr [[Nafl prayer]]s, prayers for freedom from disease and charity are done.<ref name="প্রআ"/> Islamic [[mehfil]]s are held in various mosques, madrasas, darbars, khanqahs to observe this day. On this day, various educational institutions in Bangladesh are officially closed as well as considered as an optional holiday in offices and courts.<ref name="ইন">{{cite news|url=https://dailyinqilab.com/details/44798/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE|title=আজ পবিত্র আখেরি চাহার শোম্বা|lang=bn|date=9 December 2015|newspaper=[[Daily Inqilab]]|access-date=10 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214204544/http://www.dailyinqilab.com/details/44798/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE|archive-date=14 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Islamic holidays]]
[[Category:Islamic festivals]]
[[Category:Observances in Bangladesh]]

Kamrupi lokgeet

2025-11-04T14:18:06Z

Roshni:

{{Short description|Folk songs in Kamrupi dialect}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Indian music}}
[[File:Kamrupi Lokgeet.webm|thumb|Kamrupi Lokgeet performance was presented by Khanindra Deka and Bhagaban Deka]]
'''Kamrupi Lokgeet''' is popular form of folk music that expresses thoughts and emotion of the [[Kamrupi people]].<ref>Bīrendranātha Datta (1999), ''Folkloric Foragings in India's North-East'', p.31. p.p.240</ref> The songs are derived from [[Ancient Kamrup]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/assam/society/regional-folk-music.html |title=Kamrupi Lokgeet |publisher=mapsofindia.com |access-date=2011-07-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628233826/http://www.mapsofindia.com/assam/society/regional-folk-music.html |archive-date=28 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The language of Kamrupi lokgeet are different dialects and ancestral forms of [[Assamese language|Assamese]], including [[Early Assamese]], [[Kamrupi dialects]] and Standard Assamese.

==History==
These songs have been sung from time immemorial by peoples of Kamrup region. Beside this forms of songs linking the day-to-day activities are also popular, like marriage songs (biyar geet), now khelar (boat race) geet, maha kheda (mosquito drive out) geet, child's play geet, fishing geet, lullabye geet and harvest festival geets. Considerably influenced by a class of Vaishnava songs of the highest sophistication and refinement, both literary and musical, the Kamrupi Lokgeets, although sung to the humble dolara and the dagar (or khanjari) demonstrate great intricacy.<ref>Dhaneswar Kalita (1991), ''Traditional performances of South Kamrup'', p.57, p.p82, Gian Pub. House</ref> It is known for richness of musical modes.<ref>{{Citation| surname=Sangeet Natak Akademi| title=Sangeet natak: Issues 31-34 | year=1974}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Indian folk music]]
* [[Indian classical music]]
* [[Kamrupi language]]
* [[Old Kamrupi]]
* [[Rameshwar Pathak]]
* [[A Study on Kamrupi]]

{{Folk music}}

[[Category:Music of Assam]]
[[Category:Assamese folklore]]
[[Category:Indian folk music]]
[[Category:Kamrupi culture]]

Priyamaana Thozhi (TV series)

2025-11-03T16:51:11Z

Roshni: added the details nd citations

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Overly detailed|date=January 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Priyamaana Thozhi sun tv serial.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| creator =
| writer = S.Parvin Banu
| screenplay = [[Dialogues]] J.Deepa
| director = {{ubl|K.Shiva (1–34)|O.N.Rathnam (35–597)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/pandavar-illam-director-o-n-ratnam-wife-priya-suicide-tamil-news-337360|title=Shocking! Famous Tamil serial director's wife dies by suicide|website=www.indiaglitz.com|date=25 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
| starring =
{{ubl|
*Sandra Babu
*Vicky Roshan
}}
| editor = Muralikrishnan Raghu Deepankar Barik
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 604 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/popular-tv-show-priyamana-thozhi-completes-300-episodes-deets-inside/articleshow/100374253.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Priyamana Thozhi' completes 300 episodes|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=20 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/priyamaana-thozhi-completes-500-episodes/articleshow/106611342.cms|title=Popular TV show 'Priyamana Thozhi' completes 500 episodes|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=7 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|theme_music_composer = N.R.Raghu Nandhan
| opentheme =
"Aayiram Aayiram" Namitha Babu (Vocals) [[Pa.Vijay]] (Lyrics)
| list_episodes =
| cinematography = K.Anandraj
| producer = Madhumalar Gurubaranm
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 20–22 minutes per episode
| company = [[Sun Network|Sun Entertainment]] VSAGA Pictures Pvt Ltd
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|05|30|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2024|05|05|df=yes}}
| network = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| related =
}}

'''''Priyamana Thozhi''''' ({{translation|Lovable Female Friend}}) is a 2022–2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language television series, starring Sandra Babu and Vicky Roshan in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/Tamil/tv-serials/priyamana-thozhi-tamil/all-cast-and-crew|title=Tamil Tv Serial Priyamana Thozhi-Tamil - Cast & Crew|website=nettv4u.com |language=en}}</ref> It premiered on 30 May 2022, replacing Chithi 2 and airing on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] from Monday to Saturday and ended with 604 episodes on 5 May 2024 and was replaced by Punnagai Poove serial.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-tv-show-priyamana-thozhi-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/109665274.cms|title=Tamil TV show 'Priyamana Thozhi' to go off-air soon|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=28 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref> It is also available on the digital platform [[Sun NXT]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/this-is-the-secret-of-a-priyamana-thozhi-past-200-episodes-j-deepa-breaks-the-secret-131674532453197.html|title=200 எபிசோடு கடந்த பிரியமான தோழியின் ரகசியம் இதுதான் - ரகசியத்தை உடைத்த ஜெ.தீபா|website=tamil.hindustantimes.com|date=24 January 2023 |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.searcharoundweb.com/article/entertainment/priyamana-thozhi-serial-today-episode-promo-16686|title=பிரியமான தோழி சீரியல் லேட்டஸ்ட் எபிசோடு ப்ரோமோ மற்றும் முழு விவரங்கள் இங்கே..! |website=www.searcharoundweb.com|date=22 May 2023 |language=ta}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Main===
* Vicky Roshan as Aadhityakumar alias Aadhi: Damodharan's younger son; Aravindkumar and Keerthi's brother; Sanghavi's ex-fiancé; Pavithra's best friend and second husband (2022–2024)
* [[Sandra Babu]] as Pavithra Aravindkumar& Aadhityakumar: Aravindkumar widow; Aadhityakumar best friend and wife. (2022–2024)
* VJ Kaushik Gabriell as Aravindkumar alias Aravind: Damodharan's elder son; Aadhityakumar and Keerthi's elder brother; Pavithra's first husband (2022) (dead)
* Deepthi Rajendra as Sanghavi Arvind: Rajasekar's daughter; Aadhityakumar's ex-fiancé; Pavithra's arch-rival turned friend(post memory loss), Dr. Arvind wife (2022–2024)

===Recurring===
* Vanaja Bharath Kumar as Seetha (Seethamma): Aravindkumar, Aadhityakumar and Keerthi's aunt; Damodharan's sister (2022–2024)
* Bhaskar as Damodharan: Janaki's widower; Aravindkumar, Aadhityakumar and Keerthi's father; Rajasekar's friend (2022–2024)
* Balasubramani as Rajasekar: Sanghavi's father; Aadhityakumar and Pavithra's arch-rival; Damodharan's friend (2022–2024)
* Bindhu Pankaj as Radha: Sanghavi's mother (2022–2024)
* [[Kathadi Ramamurthy]] as Sundaram: Pavithra's grandfather (2022–2024)
* Mohammed Absar as Dr. Aravind (Sangavi's husband) (2023–2024)
* Sumathi Sree as Maraghatham: Pavithra's grandmother (2022–2024)
* Anjali Baskar → Kavya Shanmugam as Keerthi: Damodharan's daughter; Aravindkumar and Aadhityakumar sister; Manohar's cousin and wife (2022–2024)
* SK Karthick as Manohar alias Mano: Keerthi's cousin and husband (2022–2024)
* Deepa Babu as Vasuki: Mano's mother (2022–2024)
* Ganesh as Bhoopathy: Mano's father; Janaki's younger brother (2022–2024)
* VJ Malar as Vidhya: Pavithra's PA (2023–present)
* Krithika Annamalai as Inspector Nandhini: Aravindkumar classmate (2023–2024)
* Unknown as Maheshwari: Pavithra and Aadhityakumar helper (2023–2024)
* Vincent Roy as Sivasu: Deva's father; Pavithra's uncle (2022–2024)
* Geetha Saraswathi as Kamakshi: Sivasu's wife; Deva's mother (2022–2023)
* Barath Guru as Devarajan alias Deva: Pavithra's cousin; Shailu's father (2022–2023)
* Baby Dechina as Shailu: Deva's daughter (2022–2023)
* Chelladurai as Murugesan
* Rajasekar's henchmen; Maheshwari's husband (2022) (dead)
* Uma Rani as Janaki: Damodharan's wife; Aravindkumar, Aadhityakumar and Keerthi's mother (dead, photographic appearance)

===Special appearances===
* Gabrilla Sellus as Sundari (2022) (Pavithra and Aravindkumar marriage reception)
* [[Sriranjani (Tamil actress)|Sriranjani]] as Shenbagam (2022) (Pavithra and Aravindkumar marriage reception)
* [[Shruthi Raj]] as Isaipriya (2022) (Pavithra and Aravindkumar marriage reception)
* [[Nithya Ravindran]] as Periyyayi (2023)

==Production==
===Casting===
Malayalam Television actress Sandra Babu was cast in the female lead role as Pavithra. Vicky Roshan was selected to play the male lead as Aadhityakumar, making his first debut in male lead role. Kaushik Gabriell was cast in the parallel lead role as Aravindkumar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/brand-new-tamil-soap-priyamana-thozhi-is-set-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/91660112.cms|title=Brand new Tamil soap 'Priyamana Thozhi' is set to premiere soon|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=19 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

Deepthi Rajendra was selected as the Negative lead as Sanghavi. While, Vanaja Bharath kumar, [[Kathadi Ramamurthy]], Sumathi, Bindhu, Baskar, VJ Malar, Balasubramani, Deepa Babu and Anjali Baskar were also selected for supporting roles<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/television-sun-tv-priyamana-thozhi-completes-300-episodes-986779.html#gsc.tab=0|title='பிரியமான தோழி' சீரியல் இப்படி ஒரு சாதனையை செய்துள்ளதா? வாழ்த்தும் ரசிகர்கள்!|website=tamil.news18.com|date=22 May 2023 |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/sun-kudumbam-viruthugal-2023-awards/|title=Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal 2023 Awards Nominations for Favorite Couple, Villi and Villain|website=www.indiantvinfo.com |date=10 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===Airing time ===
This serial was aired at 1:00 PM through Monday to Saturday. Particularly, The Climax episode was aired at 2:00 PM as One Hour Sunday Special on 5 May 2024.

==Soundtrack==
{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Artist
| title1 = ''Aayiram Aayiram'' ''ஆயிரம் ஆயிரம்''
| note1 =
| lyrics1 = [[Pa.Vijay]]
| music1 = N. R Raghu Nandhan
| extra1 = Namitha Babu
| length1 = 3:00
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt20765092}}
* [https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-tamil-serial-priyamana-thozhi-episodeno-May30-2022/detail/140734/0 ''Priyamana Thozhi''] at [[Sun NXT]]
* [https://www.sunnetwork.in/program-details.aspx?IProgramID=hZyNgkVEATw=&ShowType=banner ''Priyamana Thozhi''] at [[Sun Network]]

{{Sun TV shows}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television series by Sun Entertainment]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language television series endings]]

1810 House Tax Hartal

2025-07-20T21:11:51Z

Roshni: adding new article...

{{Short description|Comprehensive general strike near Varansi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
The '''House Tax Hartal''' of 1810–11 was an occasion of [[nonviolent resistance]] to protest a tax in parts of [[British India]], with a particularly noteworthy example of ''[[hartal]]'' (a form of [[general strike]]) in the vicinity of [[Varanasi]].

== Background ==
In 1810 the government attempted to extend a house tax that was in effect in [[Calcutta]] to other areas in Eastern India: [[Varanasi division|Varinasi]], [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]], and [[Odisha]].

Inflation, crop failures, and widespread poverty made the tax especially difficult to bear.<ref name="Mill">{{cite book|title=[[The History of British India]]|last2=Wilson|first2=Horace Hayman|last1=Mill|first1=James|volume=7|year=1858|issue=1|publisher=James Madden}}</ref>{{rp|424–427}}

Various non-governmental civil society groups in Varanasi met to decide on a course of opposition to the tax, and eventually decided on a ''hartal'' which included a general strike.{{fact|date=June 2025}}

== Hartal ==

The strike was extraordinarily comprehensive. According to one commentator:{{r|Mill|page=334}}
<blockquote>Everything was at a stand: the dead bodies were cast unceremoniously into the river, because there were none to perform the obsequial rites; and the very thieves refrained from the exercise of their vocation, although the shops and houses were left without protection...</blockquote>

The protesters gathered in a mass protest near the European occupation government authority buildings outside of town, and were joined by people from neighboring towns, in numbers variously estimated at more than two hundred thousand{{r|Mill|page=334}} or between twenty and thirty thousand<ref>{{cite book|title=Selections of Papers from the Records of the East India House Relative to Revenue, Police and Civil and Criminal Justice |pages=88|last=Erskine|first=J.R.}}</ref> people. They presented a petition to the magistrate asking for the repeal of the tax. Meanwhile, they remained peaceably assembled throughout the days, returning to their homes at night, from {{Date table sorting|format=dmy|1810-12-26}} to {{Date table sorting|format=dmy|1811-01-08}}.{{r|Mill|page=334}} They explained this tactic in their petition thus:{{r|Mill|pages=428–429}}
<blockquote>The manner and custom in this country, from time immemorial, is this: that, whenever any act affecting everyone generally, is committed by the Government, the poor, the aged, the infirm, the women, all forsake their families and their homes, expose themselves to the inclemency of the seasons and to other kinds of inconveniencies, and make known their affliction and distress, that the Government, which is more considerate than our parents, may observe their condition and extend indulgence to its subjects.</blockquote>

The tax collector commented on the nonviolent resistance strategy in this way:<ref>{{cite journal|title=Gandhian Non-Violent Protest-Rituals of Avoidance of Rituals of Confrontation|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|last=Irschick|first=Eugene F.|volume=21|number=29|date=19 July 1986}}</ref>
<blockquote>At present open violence does not seem their aim, they seem rather to vaunt their security in being unarmed in that a military force would not use deadly weapons against such inoffensive foes. And in this confidence they collect and increase, knowing that the civil power cannot disperse them, and thinking that the military will not.</blockquote>

The protest began to flag, but was revitalized by government intransigence (it declared the protest assembly illegal on {{Date table sorting|format=dmy|1811-01-13}}). The protesters organized a march to Calcutta to present the Governor-General with their demands, but this petered out and they instead presented their petition through more ordinary bureaucratic channels.{{r|Mill|page=335}}

== Result ==

The protest was successful in convincing the government to repeal the house tax. The following year, a more limited version of the tax was instituted in three cities, but the assessment and spending of the tax was placed in the hands of Indian representatives. That reformed tax did not provoke vigorous protests.{{r|Mill|page=335}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== See also ==
* {{cite book|title=Culture and Power in Banaras|url=https://archive.org/details/culturepowerbana00frei|url-access=limited|last=Freitag|first=Sandria B.|publisher=University of California Press|date=1989|pages=[https://archive.org/details/culturepowerbana00frei/page/n232 215]–220|isbn=9780585111117}}
* {{cite journal|first=Richard|last=Heitler|date=July 1972|title=The Varanasi House Tax Hartal of 1810-11|journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review|volume=9|number=3|pages=239–257|doi=10.1177/001946467200900301|s2cid=145385942}}

{{Tax resistance}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:House Tax Hartal, 1810}}
[[Category:Tax resistance]]
[[Category:Protests in British India]]
[[Category:India–United Kingdom relations]]
[[Category:General strikes in India]]
[[Category:1810 labor disputes and strikes]]
[[Category:1811 labor disputes and strikes]]
[[Category:1810 in India]]
[[Category:1811 in India]]
[[Category:History of Varanasi]]
[[Category:History of taxation in India]]

Chang Chenmo Kangri

2025-07-01T16:54:35Z

Roshni: created entry...

{{Short description|Mountain peak in Ladakh, India}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Chang Chenmo Kangri
| photo =
| photo_caption =
| elevation_m = 6536
| elevation_ref =
| prominence_m = 1232
| prominence_ref =
| listing =
| location = [[Ladakh]]
| map = India#Ladakh
| map_caption = Location in Ladakh
| map_size = 270
| label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|34|13|27.95|N|78|39|30.39|E|type:mountain_region:IN-NA_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| range_coordinates =
| range_coordinates_ref =
| range =
| topo =
| type =
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route =
}}
'''Chang Chenmo Kangri''' is a mountain peak located at {{cvt|6536|m}} above sea level in the easternmost subrange of the [[Karakoram range]] in [[Ladakh]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chang Chenmo Kangri|url=https://peakvisor.com/peak/chang-chenmo-kangri.html|access-date=2021-12-15|website=PeakVisor|language=en}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Chang Chenmo'' means "Great Northern" in [[Tibetic languages]].<ref>
{{cite book |first=Robert |last=Shaw |title=Visits to High Tartary, Yârkand, and Kâshgar (formerly Chinese Tartary): And Return Journey Over the Karakoram Pass |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5YBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA81 |year=1871 |publisher=J. Murray |page=81 |quote=Chang-chenmo means "Great-Northern (River)"}}
</ref> ''Kangri'' means "snow mountain".<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Tibet AR (China). Geographical names (EKI KNAB, 2018-06-03)
| author =
| publisher = Institute of the Estonian Language
| date = 2018-06-03
| access-date = 2 February 2022
| url = https://www.eki.ee/knab/valik/cn54inf.htm
| language =
| quote = kangri (གངས་རི) – (snow) mountain
}}</ref>

==Location==
The peak is located south-west of [[Tsogstsalu]], a campsite and the location of an Indian border outpost on the banks of [[Chang Chenmo River]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Mountains of the Transhimalayas]]
[[Category:Six-thousanders of the Transhimalayas]]
[[Category:Mountains of Ladakh]]

{{Asia-mountain-stub}}
{{Ladakh-geo-stub}}

Karandighi, Uttar Dinajpur

2025-03-23T07:51:10Z

Roshni: Article updated with improved flow

{{About|the village in West Bengal, India|1 its namesake community development block|Karandighi|2 its namesake assembly constituency|Karandighi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Karandighi
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.8175|N|87.9184|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,653
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = [[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]]/ Telephone code
| area_code =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raiganj]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Karandighi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karandighi]]
| website = {{URL|uttardinajpur.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Karandighi''' is a village in [[Karandighi]] CD block in [[Islampur subdivision]] of [[Uttar Dinajpur district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Etymology==
This area was part of the ancient kingdom of [[Anga]] and [[Karna]], of Mahabharata fame, was closely associated with the area. The mythological associations are linked with the name Karandighi.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report | work = Uttar Dinajpur. Page 6: Historical Antecedents of the District | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 17 January 2019 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=400| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|25|55|33|N|88|11|50|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the Uttar Dinajpur district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, T: tourist centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|25|37|25|N|88|7|12|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Raiganj | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Raiganj]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|26|14|12|N|88|12|0|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Islampur| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur]] (M)
|mark-coord3={{coord|25|37|48|N|88|19|12|E}} | label-pos3=bottom|label3=Kaliaganj| numbered3=M| mark-title3= [[Kaliaganj]] (M)
|mark-coord4={{coord|25|53|33|N|87|50|20|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Dalkhola| numbered4=M| mark-title4= [[Dalkhola]] (M)
|mark-coord5={{coord|26|22|23|N|88|18|27|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Chopra | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Chopra, Uttar Dinajpur]] (CT)|shape-color5=#A40000
|mark-coord6={{coord|26|8|57|N|88|2|12|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Hanskunda | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Hanskunda]] (CT)|shape-color6=#A40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|26|6|30|N|88|8|33|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Goalpokhar| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Goalpokhar]] (R)| shape-color7=#C42222
|mark-coord8={{coord|26|1|16|N|87|57|9|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8=Chakulia| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Chakulia, Uttar Dinajpur]] (R)| shape-color8=#C42222
|mark-coord9={{coord|25|50|3|N|87|55|6|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Karandighi| numbered9=R| mark-title9= Karandighi, Uttar Dinajpur (R)| shape-color9=black| label-size9=13|label-color9=black 
|mark-coord10={{coord|25|39|56|N|88|13|14|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=Hemtabad| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Hemtabad, Uttar Dinajpur]] (R)| shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|25|35|56|N|88|6|0|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11=Nachhratpur|labela11= Katabari | numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Nachhratpur Katabari]] (CT)|shape-color11=#A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|25|34|8|N|88|6|43|E}} | label-pos12=bottom|label12=Kasba | numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Kasba, Uttar Dinajpur]] (CT)|shape-color12=#A40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|25|27|31|N|88|10|20|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=Itahar | numbered13=CT| mark-title13= [[Itahar, Uttar Dinajpur]] (CT)|shape-color13=#A40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|25|38|38|N|88|26|22|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14=Radhikapur|labela14=checkpoint| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Radhikapur]] (R)| shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|25|39|13|N|88|6|15|E}} | label-pos15=top|label15=Raiganj|labela15=Wildlife Sanctuary| numbered15=T|shape-color15=green| mark-title15= [[Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary]] (T)
|mark-coord16={{coord|25.9613|88.0524}}| label16=India| label-color16 = black| label-angle16=-70| label-pos16=bottom| label-size16=10| mark-size16=0| mark-title16 =none
|mark-coord17={{coord|25.9513|88.1224}}| label17=Bangladesh| label-color17 = black| label-angle17=-70| label-pos17=bottom| label-size17=10| mark-size17=0| mark-title17 =none
|mark-coord18={{coord|25.7273|87.9392}}| label18=Bihar| label-color18 = black| label-angle18=40| label-pos18=bottom| label-size18=10| mark-size18=0| mark-title18 =none
|mark-coord19={{coord|25.7773|88.0162}}| label19=West | labela19= Bengal| label-color19 = black| label-angle19=40| label-pos19=bottom| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19 =none
|mark-coord20={{coord|26.2554|88.0234}}| label20=Mahananda River| label-color20 = #77A1CB| label-angle20=-40| label-pos20=top| label-size20=10| mark-size20=0| mark-title20 =none
}}

===Location===
Karandighi is located at {{coord|25.8175|N|87.9184|E|}}

In the map alongside, all places marked on the map are linked in the full screen version.

===Police station===
Karandighi police station under West Bengal police has jurisdiction over [[Karandighi]] CD block. It is 45 km from the district headquarters and covers an area of 388.42 km2.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Uttar Dinajpur |work = Table 2.1 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 5 January 2019 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://uttardinajpurpolice.co.in/karandighi-police-station/|title = Uttar Dinajpur District Police| work= Karandighi Police Station|publisher= District Police| accessdate = 5 January 2019}}</ref>

===CD block HQ===
The headquarters of Karandighi CD block is at Karandighi village.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1904_PART_A_DCHB_UTTAR%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Uttar Dinajpur, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Map of Uttar Dinajpur district on the fifth page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | accessdate = 5 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2100 | title = BDO Offices under Uttar Dinajpur District | work = Department of Mass Education Extension & Library Services, Government of West Bengal | publisher = West Bengal Public Library Network | accessdate = 5 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190119063429/http://wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2100 | archive-date = 19 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Demographics==
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Karandighi had a total population of 1,653, of which 844 (51%) were males and 809 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 234. The total number of literates in Karandighi was 813 (57.29% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 5 January 2019}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[National Highway 12 (India)|National Highway 12]] (old number NH 34) passes through Karandighi.<ref>Google maps</ref>

==Education==
Karandighi High School was established in 1956.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.findglocal.com/IN/Karandighi/243022699069547/Karandighi-High-School%28H.S%29 |title = Karandighi High School (HS) |publisher= Glo Cal | accessdate = 10 January 2019 }}</ref>
KARANDIGHI KASTURBA GURLS HIGH SCHOOL ALSO THERE

==Healthcare==
Karandighi rural hospital at Karandighi (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Karandighi CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 12 January 2019 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Uttar Dinajpur District}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}

[[Category:Villages in Uttar Dinajpur district]]

{{UttarDinajpur-geo-stub}}

The Whistleblower (web series)

2025-03-12T12:47:03Z

Roshni: Started the article from scratch

{{Short description|Indian Hindi-language fictional web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = The Whistleblower SonyLIV poster.jpg
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[Thriller film|Thriller]]
| creator = Ritesh Modi
| director = Manoj Pillai
| producer = Indranil Chakraborty Anujeet Ghatak Priyesh Kaushik Kartik R. Iyer Rohit Phale
| writer = Ajay Monga Shivang Monga
| starring = [[Ritwik Bhowmik]] [[Ravi Kishan]] [[Ankitta Sharma]] Ashish Verma
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 9
| editor = Dev Rao Jadhav
| cinematography =
| runtime =
| network = [[SonyLIV]]
| music = Ketan Sodha
| company = [[Sony Pictures Networks#Studio NEXT|Studio NEXT]]
| composer =
| executive_producer =
| first_aired =
| last_aired =
| released = {{start date|2021|12|16|df=y}}
}}
'''''The Whistleblower''''' is an Indian [[Hindi Language|Hindi-language]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] web series on [[SonyLIV]], directed by Manoj Pillai and produced by Indranil Chakraborty, Anujeet Ghatak, Priyesh Kaushik, Kartik R. Iyer, and Rohit Phale.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Bornika |title=The Whistleblower: Sony LIV's web series is engaging, Ritwick Bhowmik and Ravi Kishan stands out |url=https://newsroompost.com/entertainment/the-whistleblower-sony-livs-web-series-is-engaging-ritwick-bhowmik-and-ravi-kishan-stands-out/5048644.html |access-date=19 March 2022 |work=NewsroomPost |date=17 December 2021}}</ref> Based on M.P [[Vyapam scam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='The Whistleblower' review: Ravi Kishan and Ritwik Bhowmik hold steady in uneven web series |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=scroll.in |date=17 December 2021 |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1013018/the-whistleblower-review-ravi-kishan-and-ritwik-bhowmik-hold-steady-in-uneven-web-series}}]</ref>

The web series is available in multiple languages - [[Hindi]], Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam - on the SonyLIV app and was released on 16 December, exclusively on [[SonyLIV]]. It consisted of nine episodes.<ref>{{cite news |title=SonyLIV's 'The Whistleblower' to begin streaming on 16 Dec |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/sonyliv-s-the-whistleblower-to-begin-streaming-on-16-dec-211216 |access-date=19 March 2022 |work=Indian Television |date=16 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Whistleblower, Ep 1, 2 Review: Ravi Kishan, Ritwik Bhowmik hold together arresting exposé of PMT exam scam |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/whistleblower-ep-1-2-review-ravi-kishan-ritwik-bhowmik-hold-together-arresting-expos-pmt-exam-scam-968284 |access-date=21 March 2022 |work=[[PINKVILLA]] |date=16 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The Whistleblower revolves around Sanket, a spoilt but brilliant intern doctor, who gets tempted to become a part of a massive education racket that has been running for years. The situation, however, backfires after Sanket loses his father, and his fiance leaves him upon uncovering the truth. In a desperate attempt to identify his father's murderer, Sanket becomes a whistleblower to dig out the dark realities of the deep rot, which he once was a part of.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Whistleblower review: Bad writing spoils Vyapam scam-based SonyLIV series |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/the-whistleblower-review-bad-writing-spoils-vyapam-scam-based-sonyliv-series-101639726764092-amp.html |access-date=24 March 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=17 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Whistleblower, Ep 1, 2 Review: Ravi Kishan, Ritwik Bhowmik hold together arresting exposé of PMT exam scam {{!}} PINKVILLA |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/whistleblower-ep-1-2-review-ravi-kishan-ritwik-bhowmik-hold-together-arresting-expos-pmt-exam-scam-968284?amp |access-date=24 March 2022 |work=[[PINKVILLA]]}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Ritwik Bhowmik]] as Dr. Sanket Bhadoria<ref>{{cite news |title=Sonali Kulkarni and Ritwik Bhowmik on The Whistleblower: A student is not a marksheet |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/interviews/2021/dec/29/sonali-kulkarni-and-ritwik-bhowmik-on-the-whistleblowera-student-is-not-a-marksheet-28692.html |access-date=21 March 2022 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ravi Kishan]] as Jairaj Jatav
* [[Ankitta Sharma]] as Dr. Pragya Agnihotri
* Ashish Verma as Anoop Singh
* Ridhi Khakhar as Prachi Agnihotri
* [[Sachin Khedekar]] as Dr. Ashwin Bhadoria
* Hemant Kher as Sunil Verma
* [[Sonali Kulkarni]] as Zainab Parkar <ref>{{cite news |title=Sonali Kulkarni's Webseries On Education Scam, The Whistleblower: Where To Watch |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/film-theatre/sonali-kulkarni-the-whistleblower-where-to-watch/ |access-date=21 March 2022 |work=SheThePeople}}</ref>
* [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakhir Hussain]] as Shashikant
* Bhagwan Tiwari as Roopesh Singh

==Season==

===Episodes===
{| class="wikitable"
! No. of Episodes
! Title
! Episode Synopsis
! Originally aired
|-
|1
|The First Sin
|Dr. Sanket finds an illegal route to secure a medical seat and is fascinated by the whole process. He then befriends kingpin Jairaj Jatav, who heads this dangerous education racket, and unknowingly invites some irreparable troubles into his perfect life.
|16 December 2021
|-
|2
|Early Warning
|Astonished to find his friend Dinesh swinging between the clutches of two powerful rivals, Dr. Sanket leaves no stone unturned in saving his life. However, this is just the beginning for Dr. Sanket.
|16 December 2021
|-
|3
|Bystander
|Sanket's father, Dr. Ashwin speaking against corruption and fake medical certificates, rattles many. Clueless of its consequences, Sanket continues to get deeply entrenched into this dangerous world.
|16 December 2021
|-
|4
|Meritocracy Ki Maa….
|Sanket's involvement in the racket affects his relationship with his girlfriend Dr. Pragya, and his father. However, he promises to get back on the right path.
|16 December 2021
|-
|5
|The Child Dies With Father’s Death
|Jairaj brainwashes Sanket about his father's involvement in a student's suicide, for whom he had written the exam. After blaming his father, Sanket takes an overdose of drugs and wakes up to the harrowing news of Dr. Ashwin's demise.
|16 December 2021
|-
|6
|Face The Mirror
|A mourning Sanket loses hope after finding that all the potential witnesses, who can prove Dr. Ashwin was murdered, die one after another. He soon discovers that Jairaj is responsible for all the atrocities in his life, including his father's death.
|16 December 2021
|-
|7
|Blowing The Whistle
|Upon uncovering the truth, Sanket smartly lays a trap for all those involved in the vicious racket by teaming up with Pragya, Anup, and Zainab.
|16 December 2021
|-
|8
|Payback
|The final plan is put to action, and even one setback can cost many lives. Sanket and Pragya, along with their team, give it all to disclose the deadly racket and those involved in it.
|16 December 2021
|-
|9
|Karma Is The Ultimate Bitch
|All the wrongdoers, including Jairaj, are tracked. However, Sanket goes missing only to be found where it all began. This time, as a whistleblower.
|16 December 2021
|}

==Reception==

As per [[The Indian Express]], Ritwik plays Sanket with shrewd crookedness. Director Ritesh's greatest accomplishment here is taking the audience inside the mind of Sanket through a voiceover that explains how he perceives every situation. Ravi Kishan channels a corrupt, deceitful and uncompassionate politician with utmost dedication.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Whistleblower first impression: Engaging web series about power, corruption |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-whistleblower-first-impression-ritwik-bhowmik-engaging-web-show-about-power-and-corruption-7676051/ |access-date=21 March 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

LatestLY gave The Whistleblower a rating of 3 stars while lauding all its performances and storyline. As per them, the writers have done an excellent job, especially with Sanket's character. They believe that the callous, defiant, and remorseless manner, in which his character has been drafted, makes The Whistleblower very fine.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Whistleblower Review: A Stellar Ritwik Bhowmik and an Impressive Sachin Khedekar Keep You Hooked In This SonyLIV Original Series (LatestLY Exclusive) {{!}} 📺 LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/tv/the-whistleblower-review-a-stellar-ritwik-bhowmik-and-an-impressive-sachin-khedekar-keep-you-hooked-in-this-sonyliv-original-series-3161448.html |access-date=21 March 2022 |work=LatestLY |date=16 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt15779356}}
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/the-whistleblower-1700000828 Official Website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Whistleblower (web series)}}
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television series by Sony Pictures Television]]

Kha Nganpa

2025-02-12T15:18:53Z

Roshni: redirect fix

#REDIRECT [[Kha-Nganpa]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

T.H. Lewin

2025-01-14T12:12:21Z

Roshni: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Thomas Herbert Lewin]]

Ramayana Kalpavruksham

2024-12-09T19:00:15Z

Roshni:

{{Short description|Telugu-language epic poetry work}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Srimadramayana Kalpavrukshamu
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| author = [[Viswanatha Satyanarayana]]
| title_orig = శ్రీమద్రామాయణ కల్పవృక్షము
| orig_lang_code = te
| cover_artist =
| country = India
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| genre = [[Epic poetry]]
| english_pub_date =
| media_type =
| awards = {{Plainlist|
* [[Jnanpith Award]] (1970)
}}
| isbn =
| isbn_note =
| oclc =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| translator =
}}

'''''Srimadramayana Kalpavrukshamu''''' ({{Translation|Holy Ramayana, [[Kalpavriksha|the Wish-fulfilling Divine Tree]]}})'','' commonly referred to as '''''Ramayana Kalpavruksham''''', is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[epic poetry]] work written by [[Viswanatha Satyanarayana]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhrugubanda |first=Uma Maheswari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rsLADwAAQBAJ&dq=Ramayana+Kalpavruksham&pg=PT62 |title=Deities and Devotees: Cinema, Religion, and Politics in South India |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-909327-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinhā |first=Madhubālā |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6QpAQAAIAAJ&q=Ramayana+Kalpavruksham |title=Encyclopaedia of South Indian Literature |date=2009 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-261-3740-4 |pages=11 |language=en}}</ref> It is a Telugu rendering of [[Valmiki]]'s ''[[Ramayana]]''. In 1970, Satyanarayana won India's highest literary award, [[Jnanpith Award]] for the book.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rāmārāvu |first1=Esvī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E48OAAAAYAAJ&q=Ramayana+Kalpavruksham |title=The Evolution of Telugu Literary Criticism |last2=Rao |first2=S. V. Rama |date=1990 |publisher=Pasidi Prachuranalu |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> He became the first Telugu writer to receive the Jnanpith Award through this work.<ref name="outlook1965-2001">{{cite magazine |date=25 July 2003 |title=The Jnanpith Award: All the past awardees from 1965 to now. |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/the-jnanpith-award/220855 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611135156/http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/the-jnanpith-award/220855 |archive-date=11 June 2016 |access-date=20 May 2016 |magazine=Outlook India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-04-25 |title=Staying true to life |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/staying-true-to-life/article4653446.ece |access-date=2023-04-04 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2013-04-18 |title=Ravuri Bharadwaja — A simple man with simple narrative |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/ravuri-bharadwaja-a-simple-man-with-simple-narrative/article64979696.ece |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=[[Business Line]] |language=en}}</ref>

''Ramayana Kalpavruksham'' is considered to be the magnum opus of Viswanatha Satyanarayana and one of the most prominent works of modern [[Telugu literature]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xdq1AAAAIAAJ&q=Ramayana+Kalpavruksham |title=Telugu Culture |date=1981 |publisher=International Telugu Institute |pages=70 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Subrahmanyam |first=G. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_RHsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A3+%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%82 |title=Abhinava lōcanaṃ: sāhitya vyāsa saṅkalanaṃ |date=1983 |publisher=Yuvabhārati |pages=92, 94 |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=సుప్రసన్నాచార్య |first=కోవెల |date=2018-05-01 |title=కల్పవృక్షము – ఆధునికేతిహాసము |url=https://sanchika.com/kalpavrukshamu-adhuniketihasamu/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Sanchika |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Suprasannācārya |first=Kōvela |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8B9FAQAAIAAJ&q=%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A3+%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%82 |title=Viśvanātha mārgamu |date=1992 |publisher=Śrīvāṇī Pracuraṇalu |language=te}}</ref> The book written in traditional [[Metre (poetry)|metre]] and style is considered a neo-traditionalist work of 20th century Telugu literature.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Rani |first=K. Suneetha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtpGEAAAQBAJ&dq=Ramayana+Kalpavruksham&pg=PT17 |title=Critical Discourse in Telugu |date=2021 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-47044-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Natarajan |first1=Nalini |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&dq=Ramayana+Kalpavruksham&pg=PA328 |title=Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India |last2=Nelson |first2=Emmanuel Sampath |date=1996 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-28778-7 |pages=312 |language=en}}</ref> Satyanarayana followed Valmiki in the narration of the story, but made some alterations to the characters and their motivations.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_gvAQAAMAAJ&q=Ramayana+Kalpavruksham |title=Indian Literature |date=1963 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |pages=136 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Gandavarapu Pullamamba reviewed the book positively in the 3rd California Telugu Literary Convention in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |last=గొర్తి |first=సాయి బ్రహ్మానందం |date=May 2008 |title=3వ కాలిఫోర్నియా సాహితీ సదస్సు – ఒక పరిచయం – ఈమాట |url=https://eemaata.com/em/issues/200805/1251.html |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=eemaata |language=te}}</ref> Cheemalamarri Brundavana Rao wrote, "Viswanatha's work somewhat deviates from [[Valmiki]]'s. While Valmiki's Rama is a great human, Viswanatha's Rama is a [[Bhagavan|Bhagawan]] (God). Since the deviations are meritorious, it is not much of a problem."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheemalamarri |first=Brundavana Rao |date=September 2009 |title=నాకు నచ్చిన పద్యం: విశ్వనాథ అపురూప కల్పన |url=https://eemaata.com/em/issues/200909/1466.html |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=eemaata |language=te}}</ref> In 2020, [[Vice President of India]] [[Venkaiah Naidu]] noted that Viswanatha Satyanarayana was the first writer to impart a true Teluguness to ''Ramayana'' through his work.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2020 |title=Protecting mother tongue, culture and nature will be a real tribute to Telugu litterateur, Shri Viswanatha Satyanarayana : Vice President |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1652912 |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref>

Peri Ravikumar, a literary critic, calls ''Kalpavruksam'' "the first truly Telugu Ramayana". He notes, “The Ramayana was written in Telugu earlier by many great writers. But when you read Viswanatha Satyanarayana’s ''Ramayana Kalpavruksham'' it is like reading a book set in a land of the Telugus. You get an impression that [[Rama|Lord Rama]] is a Telugu and the place where the epic unfolds is Telugu land. The food served is Telugu cuisine and the entire epic is filled with Telugu nativity.”<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-07-04 |title=Viswanatha wrote the first truly Telugu Ramayana |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/viswanatha-wrote-the-first-truly-telugu-ramayana/article7388714.ece |access-date=2023-04-04 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
* ''Ramayana Kalpavruksham'' at [https://indiannovelscollective.com/book/ramayana-kalpavriksham/ Indian Novels Collective]

[[Category:Jnanpith Award–winning works]]
[[Category:Indian literature]]
[[Category:Telugu-language literature]]

Tirttapaleeswarar Temple, Triplicane

2024-11-12T16:45:53Z

Roshni: Started the place first draft

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Tirttapaleeswarar Temple, Triplicane
| image = Triplicanetirttapalisvarartemple.jpg|
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type =
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|13.04798|80.27436|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Chennai]]
| location = [[Triplicane]] in [[Chennai]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Shiva]] (Tirttapaleeswarar)
| architecture =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Tirttapaleeswarar Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] located in [[Triplicane]] in [[Chennai]], [[India]]. It is dedicated to [[Shiva]] as Tirttapaleeswarar.

==Sapta Sthana Shiva temples==
This temple is one of the Sapta Sthana Shiva temples in Mylapore area (one of the seven sacred Shiva temples in Mylapore).<ref name="vikatakavi">[https://vikatakavi.in/magazines/156/5242/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D.php ஆரூர்.சுந்தரசேகர், பெருமைமிக்க மயிலாப்பூரில் சப்த சிவஸ்தலங்கள்!! விகடகவி, 16 மே 2020]</ref> They are:

# [[Karaneeswarar Temple, Mylapore|Karaneeswarar Temple]]
# Tirttapaleeswarar Temple
# [[Velleeswarar Temple]]
# [[Virupakshiswarar Temple, Mylapore|Virupakshiswarar Temple]]
# [[Valeeswarar Temple, Mylapore|Valeeswarar Temple]]
# [[Malleeswarar Temple, Mylapore|Malleeswarar Temple]]
# [[Kapaleeshwarar Temple]]

In addition to these "Sapta Sthana Shiva sthalas", the [[Ekambareshwarar–Valluvar temple]] in the neighbourhood is traditionally considered the indispensable eighth.<ref name="Vikatan2019">{{cite web
| url = https://www.vikatan.com/spiritual/temples/mylapore-thiruvalluvar-temple-spot-visit
| title = மயிலாப்பூர் திருவள்ளுவர் கோயிலில் என்ன நடக்கிறது? - ஸ்பாட் விசிட் #Video
| last = Muthukumaran
| first = M.
| date = 6 November 2019
| website = Vikatan.com
| publisher = Vikatan
| access-date = 10 January 2023
| quote = }}</ref>

==Opening time==
The temple located in Natesan Street in Mylapore-Triplicane road. It is opened for worship from 6.00 a.m. to 11.00 a.m and 5.30 p.m. to 9.00 p.m.<ref name="vikatakavi"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Hinduism}}
* [[Religion in Chennai]]
* [[Heritage structures in Chennai]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links==
* [https://temple.dinamalar.com/new.php?id=32 Dinamalar Temples, தினமலர் கோயில்கள்]

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Places of worship in Chennai}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Chennai]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Chennai district]]

Pristosia atrema

2024-09-21T23:21:50Z

Roshni: added the details basic info

{{Short description|Species of beetle}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| genus = Pristosia
| species = atrema
| authority = ([[Herbert Edward Andrewes|Andrewes]], 1926)
}}

'''''Pristosia atrema''''' is a species of [[ground beetle]] in the [[Platyninae]] subfamily that is endemic to [[India]], and can be found in such provinces as [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Uttarakhand]].<ref name=catlife>{{Cite web| title=Pristosia atrema (Andrewes, 1926) | url=https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8M87R | website=Catalogue of Life | access-date=2023-04-08 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7245913}}

[[Category:Beetles described in 1926]]
[[Category:Beetles of Asia]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]

{{Platyninae-stub}}

Edward John Bolus

2024-05-12T08:14:29Z

Roshni: created a bio...

{{EngvarB|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
'''Edward John Bolus''' (born 5 May 1879) was a poet and writer, civil servant, and clergyman. He spent his civil service career in India, which appears prominently in his writing.

==Life==

===Early years===

Born 5 May 1879 to Harriet S. Bolus and her husband Edward, a schoolmaster in [[Stoke Newington]] in London,<ref>[https://archive.org/details/merchanttaylors00schogoog William Baker, ''Merchant Taylors' School Register, 1871–1900'' (London: Clay, 1907), p. 368]</ref> John studied at the [[Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood]],<ref name="Office List 1905 p. 444">''The India List and Office List'' (London: India Office, 1905), p. 444.</ref> and was in 1891 and 1892 elected to a [[Drapers' Company]] scholarship by the [[London School Board]].<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fca97 "London School Board." ''The Times'', 22 July 1892, p. 14. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref><ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fcq62 "THE LONDON SCHOOL BOARD." ''Standard'', 22 July 1892, p. 3. British Library Newspapers, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref> He attended university “extension lectures" at Hugh Myddelton School in 1894 on "The Government of Great Britain and the Rights and Duties of English Citizens".<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6feFL3 "University Extension Lectures." Londoner, 15 Mar. 1895, p. 6. Nineteenth Century Collections Online, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref> In June 1898 Bolus gave the Greek oration at the Marchant Taylors' speech day, as well as acting as [[Cleon]] in an original-language performance of a scene from ''[[The Knights]]'' by [[Aristophanes]].<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fcrV4 "Speech Day at Merchant Taylors' School." Standard, 13 June 1898, p. 5. British Library Newspapers, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref>

He was then elected to a Jodrell Scholarship at [[The Queen's College, Oxford]] in November 1897<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fcaA5 University Intelligence', ''The Times'', issue 35369 (24 November 1897), p.11.]</ref> (and perhaps again in June 1898),<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fcru1 "HOSPITAL SUNDAY." ''Morning Post'', 13 June 1898, p. 5. British Library Newspapers, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref> matriculating for a BA in Classics in 1898.<ref name="archive.org">[https://archive.org/details/queenscollege02magr John Richard Magrath, ''The Queen's College'', 2 vols (Oxford: Clarendon, 1921), II, 357, 376]</ref> In 1900 he took a first class in the Classics [[Honour Moderations]],<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fcnd7 "University Intelligence." ''Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser'', 23 Apr. 1900, p. 10. British Library Newspapers, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref> and in 1902 a second class in the final honour school.<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fcrvX "University Intelligence." Times, 31 July 1902, p. 8. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref> In 1901–2, he was also secretary and then president of the Queens College Eglesfield Debating Society.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WDPmAAAAMAAJ_2 College Correspondence', ''The Oxford Magazine'', 20.3 (30 October 1901), 46–48 (p. 47).]</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WDPmAAAAMAAJ_2 College Correspondence', ''The Oxford Magazine'', 20.8 (4 December 1901), 133–35 (p. 134)]</ref>

===Civil servant===

In 1902–3 Bolus took the [[civil service examination]],<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6feFd3 "Civil Service Of India." Times, 17 Oct. 1903, p. 14. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018]</ref> and on 14 November 1903 arrived in India, where he served in [[Bombay]] and in due course [[Pune]] as assistant collector and magistrate.<ref name="Office List 1905 p. 444"/> By 1905 he was a second assistant in Land Revenue and General Administration,<ref>''The India List and Office List'' (London: India Office, 1905), p. 95.</ref> and by 1 October 1915 an assistant collector, based in Pune.<ref>''Oral Evidence of Witnesses Examined by the Committee Appointed by the Government of Bombay to Consider and Report on the Question of the Extension of the Principles of Local Self-Government in Regard to Local Boards: Volume II. Bombay Presidency'' (Bombay: British India Press, 1916), p. 95. dspace.gipe.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10973/3700/3/GIPE-059446.pdf.</ref> He was mobilised in 1914, and his highest acting rank was Capt. 26th (Sind) Bn. of the [[Indian Defence Force]].<ref name="archive.org"/>

While in India, Bolus sustained his Classical interests and was an active member of the (apparently short-lived) Bombay Branch of the [[Classical Association]], "which owed its existence mainly to the enthusiasm of a learned Jesuit, Father Ailinger".<ref name="auto1">Samuel Townsend Sheppard, ''Bombay'' (Bombay: Times of India Press, 1932), p. 158.</ref> On 6 April 1911 he gave a lecture to the Branch on "Plato as a Literary Artist".<ref>''Classical Association Proceedings'', 9 (January 1912), pp. 134, 200.</ref> It was no doubt his activities here that gave rise to his 1920 publication ''Bombaia'', a long description of Bombay in Latin verse.<ref name="auto1"/> He also appears to have been active in the [[Royal Asiatic Society]]: he appears in 1908 proposing one of several motions on the Bombay branch of the Society's journal subscriptions, arguing that "the ''Daily News'' be discontinued" and "that if it is necessary to include a Liberal Paper, the ''Chronicle'' be taken".<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55140 Proceedings of the Bombay Branch, Royal Asiatic Society, and a List of Presents to the Library, ''Journal Of The Royal Asiatic Society'', 23 (1908), i–xxiii (p. x).]</ref>

===Clergyman===

Around 1926 Bolus left the Civil Service, trained as a priest at [[Wycliffe Hall, Oxford]] and in that year was ordained a [[deacon]] in the [[Church of England]] by the [[Bishop of London]], being posted to [[St Matthew's, Bayswater]].<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fdDm0 "Ecclesiastical News." Times, 4 Oct. 1926, p. 19. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref><ref>Lewis Sydney Steward O'Malley, ''The Indian Civil Service, 1601–1930'' (London: Murray, 1931), p. 284.</ref> By 1930 he was priest to [[Pamber]] and [[Monk Sherborne]] (which were in the gift of The Queen's College and were merged in that year),<ref>''[[Crockford's Clerical Directory]]'' (1930), p. 125 [https://books.google.com/books?id=YMgWAQAAIAAJ [s.v. Bolus, Edward John, ''Hants & Berks Gazette'', 18 October 1930]]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pamberheatharchives.org.uk/events3.htm | title=Events (1930–1969) }}</ref> and in 1931 he graduated as a [[Bachelor of Divinity]] from the college.<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fdDY3 "University News." Times, 16 Feb. 1931, p. 9. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref> In 1932, he became a non-resident member of the [[Royal Asiatic Society]].<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25194852 Notes of the Quarter, ''The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland'', no. 3 (July, 1933), 718–721, 728–765 (p. 719).]</ref> He was an active amateur golfer during 1936–39, at least,<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fdAk8 "The Cheshire Amateur Championship." Times, 6 July 1936, p. 7. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref><ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fdAv5 "The French Amateur Championship." Times, 21 July 1936, p. 5. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref><ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fcrU6. "Match At Bramshot." Times, 1 June 1937, p. 8. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref><ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fdDsX FROM OUR BOXING CORRESPONDENT. "Boxing." Times, 11 Oct. 1937, p. 7. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref><ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6feCZ5 From Our Golf Correspondent. "Golf." Times, 17 May 1938, p. 8. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref><ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fdNL5 From Our Golf Correspondent. "Golf." Times, 20 May 1939, p. 4. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018]</ref><ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fdNK7 FROM OUR GOLF CORRESPONDENT. "Golf." Times, 25 Sept. 1936, p. 5. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref> and in the same period he was active in attending dinners and parties for groups such as the [[Oxford Society (Oxford University association)|Oxford Society]],<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fdNCX "Oxford Society's Growth." Times, 8 July 1938, p. 11. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref> his college,<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fdDo7 "Court Circular." Times, 10 Dec. 1930, p. 17. The Times Digital Archive]</ref><ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fdDn9 Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref> the Civil Service,<ref>"Court Circular." Times, 3 June 1939, p. 15. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018].</ref> and the [[Royal Asiatic Society]].<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fdMe9 "Receptions." Times, 16 Oct. 1936, p. 19. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref>

He remained the resident curate at [[Pamber Heath]] into the 1940s.<ref name="pamberheatharchives">{{cite web|url=http://www.pamberheatharchives.org.uk/events3.htm|title=Events (1930–1969)|publisher=pamberheatharchives.org.uk|accessdate=2015-12-01}}</ref> In 1943, he was posted from being rector of [[Monk Sherborne]] to being rector of [[Weyhill]].<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fcpL9 >"Ecclesiastical News." ''The Times'', 31 July 1943, p. 7. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref> In 1947, he became vicar of [[Horton-cum-Studley]], in Oxfordshire, returning him to near his old college,<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fcks0 "Ecclesiastical News." ''The Times'', 7 June 1947, p. 6. The Times Digital Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref> and promptly formed a village cricket club, becoming its chairman.<ref name="auto">[https://oxford-consultants.tripod.com/A_History_of_HCS_A5.pdf Tim Hallchurch, ''A History of Horton cum Studley'' (Horton cum Studley: Oxford Consultants, 2003), p. 227.]</ref> He held the post until his retirement in 1952, also chairing the Parish Council from 1950 to 1952.<ref>[https://oxford-consultants.tripod.com/A_History_of_HCS_A5.pdf Tim Hallchurch, ''A History of Horton cum Studley''] (Horton cum Studley: Oxford Consultants, 2003), pp. 144, 227, 294.]</ref>

On 2 May 1949, he married Vivien Helen MacDiarmid, widow of Hugh MacDiarmid.<ref>[http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/6fcaB3 "Births." ''Daily Telegraph'', 4 May 1949, p. 6. The Telegraph Historical Archive, Accessed 18 June 2018.]</ref>

===Retirement===

In 1952, Bolus retired to [[Umtali]], [[Rhodesia]],<ref name="auto"/> appearing in the Royal Asiatic Society's 1959 list of members as resident at 9 Stevens Avenue, Morningside, Umtali, S. Rhodesia.<ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0035869X00117630 Fellows and Members, ''Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland: List of Members'' (London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1959), pp. 6–21 (p. 7)]; {{doi|10.1017/S0035869X0011763}}.</ref>

==Publications==

* Edward John Bolus, ''Poems'' (Bombay: [n. pub.], 1913)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_4tBAAAAYAAJ Merchant Taylors' School, Merchant Taylors' School (London, England); Merchant's Taylors' Company, 1923]</ref>
* E. J. Bolus, ''A Sehwan Reverie'' (Sehwan: Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1918)
* Eduardus Ioannes Bolus, ''Bombaia'' (Bombay: Pearson, 1920)
* John Bolus, ''Shires and Spires'' (London: Richards, 1921)<ref>[https://archive.org/details/shiresspires00bolu Shires and spires. According to the review in ''The Spectator'', "Mr. Bolus has considerable metrical power and does not lack a sense of humour"]</ref><ref>[http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/24th-december-1921/25/poems-worthy-of-considerationa-second-book-of-poem Anon., "Poems Worthy of Consideration", ''The Spectator'', 24 December 1921, p. 25]</ref>
* E. J. Bolus, ''[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.188980 The Influence of Islam]'' (London: Williams, Temple Bar Pub. Co. Ltd, 1932) [characterised by [[Arthur Stanley Tritton]] with the comment "this book will only annoy a Muslim and is not accurate enough for a Christian"].<ref>''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society'', 65 (1933), pp. 130–31, doi:10.1017/S0035869X00072531.</ref>

==References==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bolus, Edward}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1879 births]]
[[Category:People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Queen's College, Oxford]]
[[Category:20th-century British civil servants]]
[[Category:English male poets]]
[[Category:Indian Defence Force officers]]
[[Category:Alumni of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford]]
[[Category:Christian scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

Mumtaz (actress)

2024-03-21T23:26:14Z

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