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List of Indian Bengali films of 1984

2026-05-08T10:11:59Z

RoseKort2620073: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[List of Indian Bengali films of the 1980s]]{{Redirect category shell|{{R from merge}}{{R from history}}}}

Vijayray Vaidya

2026-04-30T00:41:40Z

RoseKort2620073: started!

{{short description|Gujarati language writer from India}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Vijayray Vaidya
| image =
| img_capt =
| caption =
| pseudonym = Mayuranand, Vinodkant, Shivnandan Kashyap
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1897|4|7|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bhavnagar]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1974|4|17|1897|4|7|df=y}}
| death_place =
| occupation = Critic, essayist, biographer
| period =
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts]]
| alma_mater = [[Wilson College, Mumbai]]
| notableworks = * ''Sahityadarshan'' (1935)
* ''Gatshataknu Sahitya'' (1959)
* ''Lilasooka Paan'' (1943)
* ''Kaumudimanan'' (1985, posthumously)
| signature =
| awards = {{plainlist |
* [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] (1931)
* [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]] (1955)
}}
}}
'''Vijayray Kalyanray Vaidya''' was a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] critic, biographer and essayist. After studying languages, he was engaged in Gujarati literary journalism and later criticism. He edited several magazines and wrote works of criticism, biography and essays.

==Biography==
Vijayray Vaidya was born on 7 April 1897 in [[Bhavnagar]]. He completed a B.A. in English and Sanskrit from [[Wilson College, Mumbai|Wilson College, Bombay]] in 1920. He served as a cashier in Sir Lallubhai Shamaldas Bank, Bombay from 1920 to 1921. He joined Gujarati periodical, ''Chetna''. He served as an editor of ''Hindustan Weekly'' of Bombay and a subeditor of daily from 1921 to 1922. On invitation of [[K. M. Munshi]], he served as an in-charge editor of ''Gujarat''. He served with ''Sahitya Sansad'' from 1922 to 1924. He started ''[[Kaumudi (magazine)|Kaumudi]]'', a quarterly and later a monthly. After it was stopped, he started ''Manasi'' in 1935. He taught Gujarati at M.T.B. College, [[Surat]] from 1937 to 1949<ref name="Lal1992"/> or 1952<ref name="GSP"/> along with editing ''Manasi''. ''Manasi'' was published till 1960 with some breaks. He presided over the criticism department of [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] in Surat in 1965. He was a founder member of All India P.E.N. Centre. He edited ''Rohini'' in last period of life but had little success.<ref name="Lal1992">{{cite book|last=Lal|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA4466|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|page=4466}}</ref><ref name="GSP">{{cite web | title=વિજયરાય વૈદ્ય (Vijayrai Vaidya)| website=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] | url=http://www.gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/photo-gallery/sahitya-sarjako/Vijayrai-Vaidya.html | language=gu | access-date=27 July 2016}}</ref>

He died on 17 April 1974.<ref name="Lal1992"/>

==Works==
He had long career of literary journalism and criticism. His ''Sahityadarshan'' (1935) is about theory of literary criticism and ''Jui ane Ketaki'' (1939) is about applied criticism. ''Nhanalal Kavini Jivandrishti'' is a criticism of works of [[Nanalal Dalpatram Kavi]]. ''Gatashatak nu Sahitya'' (1959) is about the first hundred years of the modern Gujarati literature.<ref name="Pollock2003">{{cite book|author=Sheldon I. Pollock|title=Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak9csfpY2WoC&pg=PA1064|year=2003|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-22821-4|page=611}}</ref> ''Leela Suka Pana'' (1942) had research articles. ''Parasna Sparshe'' (1963), ''Neelam Ane Pokhraj'' (1962) and ''Manek Ane Akik'' (1967) are the collections of criticism. ''Gujarati Sahityani Rooprekha'' (1943) is about history of Gujarati literature.<ref name="Lal1992"/><ref name="GSP"/><ref name="Sharma1992">{{cite book|author=Sita Ram Sharma|title=Encyclopedia of Teaching Languages in India: Gujarati|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-IVhAAAAMAAJ|volume=XXIV|year=1992|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=978-81-7041-545-9|pages=100, 109}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Indian P.E.N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9jAAAAMAAJ|volume=40|year=1974|publisher=P.E.N. All-India Centre.}}</ref>

He wrote essays under pen name '''Vinodkant'''. His collections of essays are ''Prabhatna Rang'' (1927), ''Najuk Savari'' (1938), ''Udata Pan'' (1945), ''Dariyavni Mithi Lahar'' (1965). His ''Khuski Ane Tari'' (1933) is a travelogue of his visit to [[Karachi]] and [[Rangoon]].<ref name="Lal1992"/>

''Sukratarak'' (1944) is a biography of [[Navalram Pandya]].<ref name="Thakar1999">{{cite book|author=Dhirubhai P. Thakar|title=Glimpses of Gujarati literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3NjAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Gujarat Sahitya Akademy|page=10|isbn=978-81-7227-061-2 }}</ref> ''Saurashtrano Mantrishwar'' (1959) is a biography of [[Gaurishankar Udayshankar]] Oza, the [[dewan]] of [[Bhavnagar State]]. ''Vinayakni Atmakatha'' (1970) is an autobiographical work.<ref name="Lal1992"/>

During later years of his life, he started enormous task of compiling an encyclopedia of world literature single handed. He could publish only first volume of his work, ''Sahitya Priyano Sathi'' (1967).<ref name="Lal1992"/>

==Awards==
He was awarded [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] in 1931 and [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]] in 1955.<ref name="Lal1992"/><ref name="GSP"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author|sname=Vijayrai Vaid|sopt=t}}
* {{Gbooks-author|Vijayarāya Kalyāṇarāya Vaidya}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaidya, Vijayray}}
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:Writers from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:People from Bhavnagar district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Indian male biographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male journalists]]

Yennam Srinivas Reddy

2026-04-28T14:59:47Z

RoseKort2620073: stub!

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1970)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Yennem.jpg
}}

'''Yennam Srinivas Reddy''' (born 1970) is an Indian politician from [[Telangana]] state who is a member of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] from [[Mahbubnagar Assembly constituency|Mahabubnagar Assembly constituency]] in [[Mahabubnagar district]]. He represents [[Indian National Congress]] and won the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahbubnagar assembly election results 2023: Mahbubnagar Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/telangana/mahbubnagar-assembly-result-29074 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahabubnagar Election Result 2023 Live, Mahabubnagar Elections Vote Counting, Telangana Results 2023 {{!}} ABP News |url=https://news.abplive.com/electionselections/telangana-assembly-election-2023/telangana-mahabubnagar-constituency-74.html |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Reddy is from [[Mahbubnagar]], Mahabubnagar district. His father's name is Yennam Janaki Ram Reddy. He completed his post graduation in Arts in 1994 at [[Osmania University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yennam Srinivas Reddy(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- MAHBUBNAGAR(MAHABUBNAGAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Telangana2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=171 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Reddy won as an MLA for the second time from [[Mahbubnagar Assembly constituency]], this time representing [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 87,227 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[V. Srinivas Goud]] of [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]], by a margin of 18,738 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-03 |title=Mahbubnagar Assembly Elections Results 2023: INC's Yennam Srinivas Reddy wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/mahbubnagar-assembly-elections-results-2023-its-bjps-ap-mithun-kumar-reddy-against-brs-candidate-v-srinivas-goud/articleshow/105697678.cms |access-date=2024-07-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Mahbubnagar Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/mahbubnagar-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8687766.html |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Earlier in the [[2012 Andhra Pradesh by-elections]] he won the Mahbubnagar seat on Bharatiya Janata Party ticket defeating Syed Ibrahim of BRS by a narrow margin of 1,897 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-23 |title='By-election results are a wake-up call for politicians' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20120402-by-elections-results-karnataka-gujarat-andhra-pradesh-757843-2012-03-23 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

Srinivas Reddy won the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] and later he was Appointed as Govt Whip on 19 March 2026.<ref name="New Govt Whips appointed for Assembly and Council">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=19 March 2026 |title=New Govt Whips appointed for Assembly and Council |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/new-govt-whips-appointed-for-assembly-and-council/article70762194.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260326170423/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/new-govt-whips-appointed-for-assembly-and-council/article70762194.ece |archive-date=26 March 2026 |access-date=26 March 2026 |publisher=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Govt Appoints Five Whips for Legislative Assembly & Council">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=19 March 2026 |title=Govt Appoints Five Whips for Legislative Assembly & Council |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/govt-appoints-five-whips-for-legislative-assembly-council-1944998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260326170431/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/govt-appoints-five-whips-for-legislative-assembly-council-1944998 |archive-date=26 March 2026 |access-date=26 March 2026 |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivas Reddy, Yennam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Mahbubnagar]]

Miss Ocean World

2026-04-25T21:22:43Z

RoseKort2620073: Created!

{{Short description|Beauty pageant}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Miss Ocean World
| formation = {{start date and age|2020}}
| image = Miss_Ocean_World_Logo.png
| map =
| type = [[Beauty pageant]]
| headquarters = [[Jaipur]]
| language = [[English language|English]]
| leader_title = Director
| leader_name = Yogesh Mishra
| leader_title2 = Current titleholder
| leader_name2 = Evaline Neim Mohammed Salleh ( [[South Sudan]] )
| key_people =
| parent_organization = Fusion Froup
| affiliations =
| website =
| image_border =
| image_size =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| location = [[India]]
}}'''''Miss Ocean World''''' is an international [[Beauty pageant]] held annually in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Ocean |url=https://www.quickcompany.in/trademarks/4924994-miss-ocean |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=www.quickcompany.in}}</ref> It is organised by the Fusion Group and was founded by Yogesh Mishra and Nimisha Mishra, who also organise [[Miss Rajasthan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-08-25 |title=India's Parul Singh clinches runner-up title at Miss Ocean World 2025 |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/indias-parul-singh-clinches-runner-up-title-at-miss-ocean-world-2025-1266711-2025-08-25 |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Sangri |date=2025-08-25 |title=South Sudan's Evaline Salleh Crowned Miss Ocean World 2025, India's Parul Singh is First Runner-Up |url=https://www.sangritoday.com/miss-ocean-world-2025-evelyn-saleh-wins |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=Sangri Today |language=en}}</ref> The pageant focuses on themes of [[Ocean conservation]] and environmental awareness.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2025-08-25 |title=Miss Ocean World 2025 Brings Beauty, Culture, And Clean Oceans - Newz Daddy |url=https://www.newzdaddy.com/miss-ocean-world-2025-brings-beauty-culture-and-clean-oceans/ |access-date=2025-09-01 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Since 2023, the event has been conducted mainly in India. Its format includes evening gown, swimsuit, and question–answer rounds on issues related to environmental protection.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-08-29 |title=South Sudan's Evaline Neim Mohammed Salleh Crowned Miss Ocean World 2025, India's Parul Singh Named First Runner-Up |url=https://www.morningkashmir.com/south-sudans-evaline-neim-mohammed-salleh-crowned-miss-ocean-world-2025-indias-parul-singh-named-first-runner-up/ |access-date=2025-08-30 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4" />

At the 2025 edition, Evaline Neim Mohammed Salleh of [[South Sudan]] was crowned Miss Ocean World,<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Sangri Times |date=2025-08-25 |title=Miss Ocean World 2025: Evaline Salleh Takes the Crown |url=https://en.sangritimes.com/miss-ocean-world-2025-evelyn-saleh |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=Sangri Times English |language=en}}</ref> with Parul Singh of [[India]] as the first runner-up.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-26 |title=जयपुर की पारुल सिंह ने मिस ओशियन वर्ल्ड-2025 में जीता फर्स्ट रनर-अप का खिताब.. |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/rajasthan/jaipur-jaipur-parul-singh-wins-another-title-as-first-runner-up-in-miss-ocean-world-2025-local18-ws-kl-9551600.html |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |author=Jaipur Times |date=2025-08-10 |title=Parul Singh Crowned Miss Ocean India 2025, to Represent India at Miss Ocean World |url=https://www.jaipurtimes.org/spotlight/parul-singh-crowned-miss-ocean-india-2025-to-represent-india-at-miss-ocean-world |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=Jaipur Times Spotlight |language=en}}</ref> At the same event, Siddu Reddy Kandakatla was presented with the Global Philanthropy Award.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-30 |title=Siddu Reddy Kandakatla Honored with Global Philanthropy Award at Miss Ocean World 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/siddu-reddy-kandakatla-honored-with-global-philanthropy-award-at-miss-ocean-world-2025/articleshow/123601314.cms |access-date=2025-08-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Virtual editions ==
During COVID-19 pandemic it is announced virtually on 31 Dec 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Sangri Times |date=2021-01-01 |title=Chile's Aranzaku Dimter Monasterio Crowned Miss Ocean World 2020 |url=https://en.sangritimes.com/chiles-aranzaku-dimter-monasterio-crowned-miss-ocean-world-2020 |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=Sangri Times English |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" />

== Miss Ocean World Winners List ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center"
!Edition
!Year
!Winner
!1st Runner-up
!2nd Runner-up
!3rd Runner-up
!4th Runner-up
!Venue
!Entrants
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|1st
|2020
|Aranzaku Dimter Monasterio {{Flag|Chile}}
|Giuliana Obando Rabanal {{Flag|Peru}}
|Anindita Chandra {{Flag|India}}
|Laura Louise Hudson {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|Tatiana Garcia Martinez {{Flag|Spain}}
|Virtual
|45
|{{hidden||Inaugural virtual edition; Anindita Chandra (India)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-06 |title=আন্তর্জাতিক সৌন্দর্য প্রতিযোগিতায় দুর্গাপুরের মেয়ে অনিন্দিতা - Bardhaman Durgapur Asansol : A guide to Burdwan District |url=https://bardhaman.com/indian-candidate-for-miss-ocean-world-2020-is-andita-of-durgapur/ |access-date=2025-08-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> won Miss Ocean World Asia and 2nd Runner-up.}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-01-01 |title=Chile's Aranzaku Dimter Monasterio Crowned Miss Ocean World 2020 |url=https://en.sangritimes.com/chiles-aranzaku-dimter-monasterio-crowned-miss-ocean-world-2020 |work=Sangri Times English}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Nayar |first=Nehal |date=2021-01-02 |title=CHILE CROWNED AS WINNER |url= |work=FIRST INDIA |pages=9}}</ref>
|-
| {{n/a|-}}
|2021- 2022
| colspan="9" {{n/a|''No pageant held due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]''}}
|-
|2nd
|2023
|Laura Louise Hudson {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|Adria Dinev {{Flag|Bulgaria}}
|Avanti Shroff {{Flag|India}}
|Mercy Paul {{Flag|Tanzania}}
|Lee Sumim {{Flag|South Korea|name=Korea}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Jaipur]], India
|13
|{{hidden||First live international finals in India; emphasized as a milestone for the pageant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2023-10-22 |title=Miss Ocean World 2023 : 'సాగరకన్య'గా ముంబయి సుందరి.. 'మిస్ ఓషన్ వరల్డ్' పోటీల్లో టాప్! |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/telugu/telangana/bharat/miss-ocean-world-competition-2023-mumbai-avanti-became-runner-up-in-miss-ocean-world-competition/na20231022075149160160275 |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=te}}</ref>}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=मिस ओसियन वर्ल्ड का लौरा यूनाइटेड किंगडम ने जीता खिताब:पूरे वर्ल्ड से पहुंची पेजेंट क्वींस जयपुर, हेरिटेज बिल्डिंग में हुआ फिनाले |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jaipur/news/laura-united-kingdom-wins-miss-ocean-world-title-132010925.html |work=Bhaskar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Българка спечели второ място на Miss Ocean World 2023 |url=https://bnr.bg/sofia/post/101897291/balgarka-specheli-miss-ocean-world-2023 |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=bnr.bg |language=bg}}</ref>
|-
|3rd
|2024
|Alisa Bogachova {{Flag|Latvia}}
|Szonja Dudik {{Flag|Hungary}}
|Azhar Zhumabekova {{Flag|Kazakhstan}}
|Fedorishcheva Tatiana {{Flag|Crimea}}
|Aigul Zaripova {{Flag|Tatarstan}}
|15
|{{hidden||Crown-passing to successor in 2025}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 Aug 2024 |title='मिस ओशियन वर्ल्ड-2024' चुनी गईं लातविया की अलीसा बोलीं- जिंदगी में हर दिन जीतने का लक्ष्य रखें |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jaipur/news/latvias-alisa-who-was-chosen-as-miss-ocean-world-2024-said-aim-to-win-every-day-in-life-133479857.html |work=Bhaskar}}</ref>
|-
|4th
|2025
|Evaline Neem Mohammad Salleh {{Flag|South Sudan}}
|Parul Singh {{Flag|India}}
|Nikol Slynkova {{Flag|Czech Republic}}
|kurara Shigeta {{Flag|Japan}}
|Angelika Magdalena Fajcht {{Flag|Poland}}
|20
|{{hidden||Theme: Clean Oceans. Parul Singh (India) won Miss Ocean India<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-28 |title=ताज पर लिखा राजस्थान का नाम! जयपुर की बेटी ने रचा इतिहास, 'मिस ओशियन इंडिया' बनीं पारुल सिंह |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/rajasthan/jaipur-rajasthan-name-written-on-taj-jaipur-daughter-creates-history-parul-singh-becomes-miss-ocean-india-local18-9449526.html |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> and 1st Runner-up.}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 Aug 2025 |title=मिस ओशियन वर्ल्ड-2025 की विनर बनीं साउथ सूडान की एवलिन: भारत की पारुल सिंह बनीं फर्स्ट रनर-अप, 20 देशों की सुंदरियों ने रैम्प पर बिखेरा जलवा |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jaipur/news/evelyn-of-south-sudan-became-the-winner-of-miss-ocean-world-2025-135752910.html |work=Bhaskar}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%;
|+ {{nowrap|Countries/Territories by number of wins}}
! Country/Territory
! Titles
! Year(s)
|-
|{{Flag|South Sudan}}
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |1
|style="text-align:center;" |2025
|-
|{{Flag|Latvia}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2024
|-
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2023
|-
|{{Flag|Chile}}
| style="text-align: center;" |2020
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%;
|+ {{nowrap|Continents by number of wins}}
!Continents
!Titles
!Country (Number)
|-
|[[Americas]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|{{Flag|Chile}} (1),
|-
|[[Europe]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}} (1), {{Flag|Latvia}} (1)
|-
|[[Asia]]
| style="text-align:center;" |0
|
|-
|[[Africa]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|{{Flag|South Sudan}} (1)
|-
|[[Oceania]]
| style="text-align:center;" |0
|
|}
== See also ==
* [[List of beauty contests]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Pageant-stub}}
[[Category:Beauty pageants in India]]
[[Category:International beauty pageants]]

G. R. Swaminathan

2026-04-23T07:18:18Z

RoseKort2620073: added new pg

{{Short description|Indian Judge}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Justice
| name = G. R. Swaminathan
| image =
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| birth_date = 1968
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| office1 =
| term_start1 = 28 June 2017
| term_end1 =
| appointer1 =
| office = [[Judge]] of [[Madras High Court]]
| term_start =
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| nominator =
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}}
'''G. R. Swaminathan''' is an Indian judge of the [[Madras High Court]]. Having been a practicing advocate since 1991, he was appointed as the assistant [[Solicitor General of India|solicitor general]] for the Madurai bench of the [[Madras High Court]]. He was appointed as an additional judge of the Madras High Court on 28 June 2017, and was later made a permanent judge of the Madras High Court in April 2019.

== Early and personal life ==
G. R. Swaminathan was born in 1968, and did his schooling in [[Thiruvarur]].<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news|date=29 June 2017|title=Six HC judges sworn in|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/six-hc-judges-sworn-in/article19166553.ece|access-date=11 December 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="Profile">{{cite web|title=Present judges|url=https://hcmadras.tn.gov.in/present_judges.php|access-date=11 December 2021|work=[[Madras High Court]]}}</ref> He completed his [[Bachelors in Law]] in 1990.<ref name="Profile"/> In 2015, he was a part of [[Hindu Munnani]], a [[hindutva]] based organisation.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 February 2015|title=Man who accompanied Perumal Murugan to 'peace' talks narrates how heart breaking it was|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/man-who-accompanied-perumal-murugan-peace-talks-narrates-how-heart-breaking-it-was-22750|access-date=11 December 2021|work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

Swaminathan is married to Kamakshi, and the couple have a daughter and a son.<ref name="Profile"/>

== Career ==
Swaminathan started practicing as an advocate in 1991, and later set up an independent practice in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in 1997. He relocated to [[Madurai]] after the Madurai Bench of the [[Madras High Court]] was established in 2004. In 2014, he was appointed as the assistant [[Solicitor General of India|solicitor general]] for the Madurai bench of the Madras High Court.<ref name="Hindu" /> He was appointed as an additional judge of the Madras High Court on 28 June 2017,<ref name="Profile" /> and was appointed as a permanent judge of the Madras High Court in April 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last=S|first=Mohamed Imranullah|date=6 April 2019|title=Six HC judges made permanent|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/six-hc-judges-made-permanent-madras-high-court-union-ministry-of-law-and-justice/article26751447.ece|access-date=11 December 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 2019, he reported that he has disposed of 18,944 cases individually and 2,534 cases as part of various benches since his appointment to the High Court.<ref name="Hindu1">{{cite news|last=S|first=Mohamed Imranullah|date=1 July 2019|title=Self-critical High Court judge raises the bar|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/self-critical-high-court-judge-raises-the-bar-justice-gr-swaminathan/article28237249.ece|access-date=11 December 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> As per statistics provided by the High Court, he had disposed of 52,094 cases till 2025.<ref name="Profile"/> He is due to retire from service on 31 May 2030.<ref name="Hindu1"/>

=== Cases ===
;LGBT rights case (2019)
In 2019, Swaminathan was the sitting judge on the [[Arun Kumar v. Inspector General of Registration]] case. The judgement recognised a [[trans woman]] as a "bride" within the meaning of the [[Hindu Marriage Act, 1955|Hindu Marriage Act 1955]] and prohibited [[Intersex medical interventions|genital-normalizing surgery]] for [[intersex]] infants and children except on life-threatening situations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu Government Order Banning Surgeries on Intersex Infants (2019) |url=https://translaw.clpr.org.in/legislation/tamil-nadu-government-order-banning-surgeries-on-intersex-infants-2019/ |access-date=15 September 2023 |work=South Asian Translaw Database |language=en-US}}</ref> The verdict was cited in multiple court cases including the case on recognition of same sex marriage in the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{cite web|date=4 November 2023|title=When an Indian court allowed a LGBTIQ+ marriage|url=https://cjp.org.in/when-an-indian-court-allowed-a-lgbtiq-marriage/|access-date=11 December 2023|work=CJP}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=29 April 2019|title=Indian Court Decides In Favor of Informed Consent Rights for Intersex People|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/04/29/indian-court-decides-favor-informed-consent-rights-intersex-people|access-date=11 December 2023|work=The Human Rights Watch, The United States}}</ref> The judgement was cited in a [[office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] report,<ref>{{cite web|date=4 November 2023|title=The United Nations OHCHR-technical-note-rights-intersex-people.pdf|url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2023-11/ohchr-technical-note-rights-intersex-people.pdf|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]]}}</ref> and was highlighted in the intersex legal mapping report released by the [[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]] in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intersex legal mapping report (2023)|url=https://ilga.org/resources/intersex-legal-mapping-report-2023/|access-date=1 December 2023|work=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref>

;Maridhas sedition case (2021)
In December 2021, when Swaminathan dismissed a sedition case against [[Youtuber]] [[Maridhas Malaichamy|Maridhas]], he was targeted by a section of [[social media]] users for his supposed [[right wing]] affiliations. They pointed to his alleged participation in an event organised by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) in 2016, and his appearance in defence of [[Jayendra Saraswati]] of the [[Kanchi Mutt]] in a case against the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|state government]] as evidence of his inclinations. However, critics and lawyers pointed out that the judgement was based on technical grounds, and has precedence in similar cases in the past. They also argued that Swaminathan appeared as a counsel in defence of Perumal Murugan, in a case against the release of his book ''Madhorubagan'' by Hindutva organisations.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mohapatra|first=Samhati|date=16 December 2021|title=Why Madras HC struck down sedition case against YouTuber Maridoss|url=https://thefederal.com/states/south/tamil-nadu/why-madras-hc-struck-down-sedition-case-against-youtuber-maridoss/|access-date=23 December 2021|work=The Federal}}</ref>

;Passport case (2022)
In July 2022, Swaminathan lauded BJP leader K. Annamalai during a court case regarding the issuance of passports to people using forged documents. Later, a lawyer representing [[International Association of Democratic Lawyers]], wrote to the chief justice of the Madras High Court, demanding the dismissal of Swaminathan, based on the premise that the court must be impartial and cannot endorse any political party, and asserted that Swaminathan's continued position is a threat to the autonomy of the judiciary as it would instil fear among people to express concerns against the BJP.<ref name="NC">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2022 |title=Justice GR Swaminathan Accused of Touting BJP |url=https://www.newsclick.in/Justice-GR-Swaminathan-Accused-Touting-BJP |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=NewsClick}}</ref><ref name="HTACC">{{cite web |title=Lawyer seeks resignation of madras HC judge for praising BJP's TN chief |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lawyer-seeks-resignation-of-madras-hc-judge-for-praising-bjp-s-tn-chief-101659119265779.html |work=[[The Hindustan Times]] |date=29 July 2022 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://lawbeat.in/top-stories/judiciary-cant-support-any-political-partyleader-lawyer-seeks-resignation-justice-gr | title='Judiciary can't support any political party/Leader': Lawyer seeks resignation of Justice G.R. Swaminathan for praising TN BJP President | work=Law Beat | first=Salil | last=Tiwari }}</ref>

;Vanchinathan case (2025)
In July 2025, Vanchinathan, the Tamil Nadu coordinator for the People's Rights Protection Centre, sent a letter to the chief justice of India detailing 15 accusations against Swaminathan including a preferential treatment, caste prejudice, and political partisanship against advocates from a particular community, and right-wing ideologues.<ref name="NM">{{cite web |last=Azeefa Fathima |first=Dhanya Rajendran |date=27 July 2025 |title=Madras High Court Judge Facing Caste Bias Allegations Initiates Contempt Proceedings Against Advocate |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/justice-swaminathan-hears-contempt-plea-over-caste-bias-charges-against-himself |access-date=26 December 2025 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=26 July 2025 |title=Madras HC Judge Summons Advocate for Alleging Casteist, Communal Bias by Him: Here's What the Lawyer Had Said |url=https://thewire.in/law/madras-high-court-justice-swaminathan-summons-advocate-vanchinathan |access-date=26 December 2025 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref><ref name="FR">{{cite web |last=Krishnan |first=Pramila |date=28 July 2025 |title=Madras HC judge hears case against self, calls advocate 'comedy piece' |url=https://thefederal.com/category/states/south/tamil-nadu/madras-hc-judge-hears-case-against-self-calls-advocate-comedy-piece-199101 |access-date=6 December 2025 |work=The Federal}}</ref> The letter further said that this caused unease and concern among lawyers, especially those from marginalized communities, and called on the Supreme Court to launch a formal investigation, arguing that the judge's conduct was blurring the boundary between impartial judging and ideological activism.<ref name="HT">{{cite news | last=Chandrababu | first=Divya | title=Madras chief justice to decide on lawyer who accused judge of casteist bias | work=[[The Hindustan Times]] | date=29 July 2025 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/madras-chief-justice-to-decide-on-lawyer-who-accused-judge-of-casteist-bias-101753730969773.html | access-date=26 December 2025}}</ref>

Taking cognisance of the allegations, a two judge bench consisting of judges Swaminathan, and K Rajasekar, initiated ''[[suo moto]]'' proceedings against Vanchinathan. The judges considered the letter contemptuous and ordered Vanchinathan to appear on court 28 July 2025, to declare his position on the same. A section of lawyers and activists raised concerns about how the judges obtained access to a confidential letter intended solely for the Supreme Court,<ref name="NM" /><ref name="FR" /> and organised demonstrations in support of Vanchinathan.<ref>{{cite news | title=TN advocates stage protests against contempt of court action against colleague | work=[[The Week (India)|The Week]] | date=28 July 2025 | url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2025/07/28/mes21-tn-advocates-protest.html | access-date=26 December 2025}}</ref> Eight former judges of the Madras High Court urged the judges to abandon the proposed contempt proceedings against Vanchinathan, asserting that lodging a complaint against a judge does not constitute contempt of court.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 July 2025 |title=Retired judges urge Madras HC to drop contempt move against advocate Vanchinathan |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Jul/27/retired-judges-urge-madras-hc-to-drop-contempt-move-against-advocate-vanchinathan |access-date=26 December 2025 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> At his appearance at the court, as Vanchinathan declined to provide an oral response and instead demanded a formal written directive from the bench, Swaminathan is said to have called him a "comedy piece" and labeled him as a "coward".<ref name="HT" /><ref>{{cite news |date=29 July 2025 |title='A comedy piece': Madras HC judge's remark against advocate sparks row; Bar protest |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/madras-high-court-judges-remark-against-advocate-sparks-row-c99ykbfv |access-date=26 December 2025 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Azeefa Fathima |author2=Balakrishna Ganeshan |date=28 July 2025 |title='You are a comedy piece': Madras HC Judge attacks advocate over caste-bias allegations |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/you-are-a-comedy-piece-madras-hc-judge-attacks-advocate-over-caste-bias-allegations |access-date=26 December 2025 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

;Vedic conference (2025)
In the 17th annual talent parade of Vedic scholars held in [[Chennai]] on 30 July 2025, Swaminatan recounted a case from his days as a practicing lawyer. He said that he helped overturn the conviction of his friend, a [[Vedic scholar]], who had falsely confessed to have caused a fatal accident to protect his sister, who had actually caused the accident that resulted in a death of a man. He said that though his friend was convicted by a lower court, he was acquitted by a higher court as none of the [[Eyewitness testimony|eyewitnesses]] identified him as the driver. He described the outcome as an example of "If you protect the [[Vedas]], Vedas protect you" and called it a turning point in his [[Spirituality|spiritual]] outlook. The speech attracted attention against the backdrop of a separate controversy, where an advocate accused him of caste bias, prompting the Madras High Court to refer the matter to the chief justice.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vedas protect those who nurture it: Justice G.R. Swaminathan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/vedas-protect-those-who-nurture-it-justice-gr-swaminathan/article69873246.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250730105230/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/vedas-protect-those-who-nurture-it-justice-gr-swaminathan/article69873246.ece |archive-date=30 July 2025 |access-date=4 December 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=30 July 2025 |title=Vedas protect those who nurture them, says Madras HC judge GR Swaminathan |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/vedas-protect-those-who-nurture-them-says-madras-hc-judge-gr-swaminathan/articleshow/122991781.cms?from=mdr |access-date=4 December 2025 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=30 July 2025 |title='If you protect the Vedas, Vedas protect you': Madras High Court judge, in news for courtroom drama, recounts case with a twist |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/if-you-protect-the-vedas-vedas-protect-you-madras-high-court-judge-in-news-for-courtroom-drama-recounts-case-with-a-twist-10158229/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250730020629/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/if-you-protect-the-vedas-vedas-protect-you-madras-high-court-judge-in-news-for-courtroom-drama-recounts-case-with-a-twist-10158229/ |archive-date=30 July 2025 |access-date=4 December 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

;Tirupparankundram case (2025)
In December 2025, Swaminathan was the hearing judge in a case that involved the lighting up of a [[diya (lamp)|lamp]] on a pillar atop the hillock at [[Tirupparankundram]] during the [[Karthigai Deepam]] festival. He permitted the lighting of a lamp on the pillar additionally based on an individual petition, while the authorities of the [[Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Thiruparankundram|Subramaniya Swamy Temple]] had lighted the lamp at a different location over the years. The state government appealed against the judgement, stating that the judgement changed a longs standing practice, and contributed to a precarious law and order situation. The judgement, and the failure to implement the same by the government, subsequently led to various protests, counter protests, [[contempt of court]] cases, and further appeals by the state government in the Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/justice-swaminathan-thiruparankundram-deepam-controversy-ggb6jrgp|title=Justice Swaminathan's Deepam order sparks appeals: What is the case about|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>

On the backdrop of Swaminathan's judgement on the Tirupparankundram case, on 9 December 2025, around 120 members of parliament from the [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|opposition bloc]] submitted an [[impeachment]] motion against Swaminathan to [[Om Birla]], the [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Deepam row: INDIA bloc MPs move impeachment motion against Madras HC judge Swaminathan|work=The Federal| date=9 December 2025|url=https://thefederal.com/category/states/south/tamil-nadu/india-bloc-mps-impeachment-motion-against-madras-hc-judge-gr-swaminathan-219920|access-date=24 December 2025}}</ref> They accused Swaminathan of partiality towards lawyers from a particular community, especially those hailing from the [[Brahmin]] caste, and those associated with right-wing political ideologies,<ref>{{cite news|title=INDIA bloc MPs wrote to President, then CJI about Madras High Court judge Swaminathan months before Thirupparankundram row|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 December 2025|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-bloc-mps-wrote-to-president-then-cji-about-madras-hc-judge-months-before-thirupparankundram-row/article70381232.ece|access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Stalin|first=J Sam Daniel|title=Bias To Judicial Indiscipline: Why Opposition MPs Want Justice GR Swaminathan Impeached|work=[[NDTV]]|date=12 December 2025| url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bias-to-judicial-indiscipline-why-opposition-mps-want-justice-gr-swaminathan-impeached-9795456|access-date=24 December 2025}}</ref> and asserted that such conduct violated the secular tenets embedded in the [[Constitution of India]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Singh|first=Ratna|title='RSS agenda, favours Brahmins': The controversial career of a Madras HC judge under impeachment fire|work=[[Scroll.in]]|date=19 December 2025|url=https://scroll.in/article/1089320/rss-agenda-favours-brahmins-the-controversial-career-of-a-madras-hc-judge-under-impeachment-fire|access-date=24 December 2025}}</ref> On 12 December 2025, 56 former judges of the Supreme Court issued an open letter expressing their opposition to the impeachment motion, and urging the parliamentarians to withdraw the motion. They called it a "brazen attempt to browbeat judges who do not fall in line with ideological and political expectations of a particular section of society", and if this is allowed to continue, "it will cut at the very roots of our democracy and the independence of the judiciary".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/madras-high-court-judge-justice-gr-swaminathan-impeachment-motion-56-ex-judges-write-joint-letter-9797023|title=
"Attempt To Browbeat": 56 Ex-Judges Slam Opposition's Judge Impeachment|date=15 December 2025|access-date=19 December 2025|work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> On 20 December, another 36 former judges issued an open statement in support of Swaminathan, and urged the parliamentarians to reject the motion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/36-ex-judges-slam-opposition-move-to-impeach-justice-swaminathan/article70419178.ece|title=36 ex-judges slam Opposition move to impeach Justice Swaminathan|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 December 2025|access-date=20 December 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swaminathan, G.R.}}
[[Category:Indian judges]]
[[Category:Judges of the Madras High Court]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Rameshbhai Patel

2026-04-20T09:34:42Z

RoseKort2620073: Stub

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1959)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rameshbhai Chhotubhai Patel
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] for [[Jalalpore Assembly constituency]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| constituency = [[Jalalpore Assembly constituency|Jalalpore]]
| country = India
| term_start = 1998
| predecessor = Chhaganbhai Devabhai Patel
| source = https://www.elections.in/gujarat/assembly-constituencies/jalalpore.html
| parents = Shri Chhotubhai Sukhabhai Patel
| occupation = Trading, Agriculturist
| birth_name = R. C. Patel
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|10|5|df=y}}
| birth_place = Navsari, Gujarat, India
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| spouse = Daxaben Patel
}}

'''Rameshbhai Chhotubhai Patel''' (popularly known as '''R. C. Patel'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-03 |title=BJP says MLA Ramesh Chhotubhai Patel's beer remark made in jest |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bjp-says-mla-ramesh-chhotubhai-patels-beer-remark-made-in-jest-5160938/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>) is an Indian politician, social worker and [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of legislative assembly]] for [[Jalalpore Assembly constituency]] in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jalalpore Election and Results 2017, Candidate list, Winner and Runner-up |url=https://www.elections.in/gujarat/assembly-constituencies/jalalpore.html |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=Elections in India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-13 |title=જલાલપોરના ધારાસભ્ય રમેશ પટેલનું નિવેદન, 'ભાજપમાં કંઈ નક્કી નથી હોતું' |url=https://gujarati.news18.com/news/south-gujarat/navsari-jalalpore-mla-ramesh-patel-statement-on-bjp-president-and-party-policy-vz-1046014.html |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=News18 Gujarati |language=gu}}</ref> He has been an MLA from Jalalpore since 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Will BJP respect 5-term Jalalpore MLA's wishes and renominate him? |url=https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=975940 |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Rameshbhai}}
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 1998–2002]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Navsari district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]

{{Gujarat-BJP-politician-stub}}

Rajendra Meena

2026-04-20T09:14:28Z

RoseKort2620073: Added

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Rajendra Meena
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the]] [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| term_end =
| successor =
| predecessor = [[Omprakash Hudla]]
| constituency = [[Mahuwa Assembly constituency|Mahuwa]]
| office1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| office2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| successor2 =
| constituency2 =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1974|09|15}}
| birth_place = Khohra Mulla, [[Mahwa, Rajasthan|Mahwa]], [[Dausa]], Rajasthan
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| birth_name =
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| relations = [[Kirodi Lal Meena]] (uncle) [[Golma Devi Meena]] (aunt)
| alma_mater = [[University of Rajasthan]]
| occupation = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]]
| other_party =
| profession = Business
| spouse = {{marriage|Sunita Meena|2005}}
}}

'''Rajendra Meena''' (born 15 September 1974) is an Indian politician serving as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the]] [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]. From [[Mahuwa Assembly constituency|Mahuwa]], he is Member of the [[Bhartiya Janta Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rajasthan-assembly-elections-results-2023-live-updates-winning-candidates-full-list-how-many-seats-bjp-congress-bsp-sp-101701566478400.html|title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results 2023: Full list of winners constituency wise and seat wise|date=3 December 2023|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-list-complete-list-of-winning-candidates-in-rajasthan-elections-2023/articleshow/105701616.cms|title=Rajasthan Assembly Elections Results 2023: Check full and final list of winners here|date=4 December 2023|via=The Economic Times – The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amarujala.com/rajasthan/rajasthan-election-2023-bjp-again-expressed-confidence-in-former-chief-rajendra-meena-from-mahwa-2023-11-03 |title=Rajasthan Election 2023 Bjp Again Expressed Confidence In Former Chief Rajendra Meena From Mahwa – Amar Ujala Hindi News Live – Rajasthan Election 2023:महवा से बीजेपी ने फिर जताया पूर्व प्रधान राजेंद्र मीणा पर भरोसा, जानें क्या बोले |date=3 November 2023 |author=Arvind Kumar |access-date= 27 December 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Meena, Rajendra}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:People from Dausa district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:University of Rajasthan alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]

{{Rajasthan-BJP-politician-stub}}

Ram Pal Singh

2026-04-18T15:50:58Z

RoseKort2620073: New

{{About|the politician from Amroha constituency in Uttar Pradesh|other people|Rampal Singh (disambiguation){{!}}Rampal Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ram Pal Singh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1922|3|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = Manpur, Shiva Puri Taluk, [[Bijnore district]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]{{smaller|(present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], India)}}
| death_date = Unknown
| death_place =
| office1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] from [[Thakurdwara]]
| term_start1 = {{Start date|1962|03|14|df=yes}}
| term_end1 = {{End date|1967|03|14|df=yes}}
| predecessor1 = Kishan Singh
| successor1 = Ahmed Ullah Khan
| term_start2 = {{Start date|1974|03|05|df=yes}}
| term_end2 = {{End date|1977|04|30|df=yes}}
| predecessor2 = Ahmed Ullah Khan
| successor2 = Mukeemur Rehman
| term_start3 = {{Start date|1980|06|09|df=yes}}
| term_end3 = {{End date|1984|10|31|df=yes}}
| predecessor3 = Mukeemur Rehman
| successor3 = Sakhawat Hussain
| office4 = [[Member of Parliament]] from [[Amroha Lok Sabha constituency|Amroha]]
| term_start4 = {{Start date|1984|10|31|df=yes}}
| term_end4 = {{End date|1989|11|02|df=yes}}
| predecessor4 = Chandrapal Singh
| successor4 = [[Har Govind Singh]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| other_party =
| spouse = Shanti Devi and Vijay Luxmi
| children = [[Sarvesh Kumar Singh]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source = https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/3186.htm
}}
'''Ram Pal Singh''' was an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]], as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="India. Parliament. House of the People 1986 p. ">{{cite book | author=India. Parliament. House of the People | title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report | publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat. | year=1986 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iJ8wAAAAMAAJ | access-date=20 Mar 2023 | page=679}}</ref><ref name="India. Parliament. House of the People 1992 p. 147">{{cite book | author=India. Parliament. House of the People | title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report | publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat. | year=1992 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4AwAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA147 | access-date=20 Mar 2023 | page=147}}</ref><ref name="Singh Bose 1994 p. ">{{cite book | last1=Singh | first1=V.B. | last2=Bose | first2=S. | title=Elections in India: Data Handbook on Lok Sabha Elections 1986-1991 | publisher=SAGE Publications | series=Elections in India | year=1994 | isbn=978-0-8039-9151-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEcOAQAAMAAJ | access-date=20 Mar 2023 | page=259}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/3186.htm Official biographical sketch in Lok Sabha website]

[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Amroha district]]

Bopodi Assembly constituency

2026-04-17T00:46:55Z

RoseKort2620073: added a stub

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bopodi
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Pune district|Pune]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons =
| constituency_no = 246
| established = 1978
| reservation =
| abolished = 2008
| electors =
}}
'''Bopodi''' Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the constituencies of [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]], in [[India]]. Bopodi seat existed until the 2004 elections after which it was abolished in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=12 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=25 February 2009 }}</ref>

==Members of Vidhan Sabha==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bopodi Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/bopodi-maharashtra-assembly-constituency |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Till 1978: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|L. T. Sawant
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Shashikant Kadam
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="3" |Rambhau Moze
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Congress (Socialist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
|[[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| rowspan="2" |Chandrakant Chhajed
|-
|[[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''2008 onwards: Constituency defunct''}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bopodi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Chandrakant Chhajed |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 47,534 |percentage = 45.47% |change={{increase}}3.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Aba Alias Prabhakar Sadashiv Nikam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 34,524 |percentage = 33.03% |change={{increase}}8.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhante Rajratan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,263 |percentage = 4.08% |change={{increase}}3.06 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,010 |percentage = 12.45% |change= {{increase}}1.42 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 104,530 |percentage = 43.19% |change= {{decrease}}7.04 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 104,530}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 242,028|ref = |change= {{increase}}27.62 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}3.40 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bopodi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Chandrakant Chhajed |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 39,185 |percentage = 42.07% |change={{decrease}}0.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rambhau Genba Moze |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 28,919 |percentage = 31.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Anil Shirole |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 22,943 |percentage = 24.63% |change={{increase}}2.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nagesh Rajaram Chabookswar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 945 |percentage = 1.01% |change={{increase}}0.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Avichal Nivrutti Dhiwar |party=Independent politician |votes = 625 |percentage = 0.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,266 |percentage = 11.02% |change= {{decrease}}6.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 95,262 |percentage = 50.23% |change= {{decrease}}17.62 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 93,132}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 189,645|ref = |change= {{increase}}5.77 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.17 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bopodi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Rambhau Genba Moze |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 51,393 |percentage = 42.25% |change={{decrease}}24.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaikwad Jaidev Marutrao |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 30,011 |percentage = 24.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rathod Vikram Walchand |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 26,743 |percentage = 21.98% |change={{increase}}7.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sawant Baliram Bapu |party=Independent politician |votes = 8,370 |percentage = 6.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Brig. Vijay Ramchandra Dani (Retd.) |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,186 |percentage = 0.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tadakhe Shankar Hari |party=Independent politician |votes = 886 |percentage = 0.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,382 |percentage = 17.58% |change= {{decrease}}35.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 123,333 |percentage = 68.79% |change= {{increase}}14.43 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 121,651}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 179,295|ref = |change= {{increase}}16.95 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}24.62 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bopodi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Rambhau Genba Moze |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 54,762 |percentage = 66.87% |change={{increase}}31.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patole Balasaheb Shankar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 11,473 |percentage = 14.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Salvae Vasant Haribhau |party=Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes = 9,412 |percentage = 11.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madhukar Niraphrake |party=Janata Dal |votes = 4,091 |percentage = 5.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lakka Laxman Naganna |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes = 681 |percentage = 0.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tadakhe Shankar Hari |party=Independent politician |votes = 590 |percentage = 0.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 43,289 |percentage = 52.86% |change= {{increase}}36.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 82,738 |percentage = 53.97% |change= {{decrease}}4.87 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,896}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 153,313|ref = |change= {{increase}}38.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian Congress (Socialist) |swing= {{increase}}14.93 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bopodi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Rambhau Genba Moze |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 33,625 |percentage = 51.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sawant B. B. |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 22,997 |percentage = 35.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jaghav Murlidhar |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,630 |percentage = 7.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sonkamble L. S. |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,145 |percentage = 1.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lacka Laxman, N |party=Independent politician |votes = 825 |percentage = 1.27% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Anthony Rananware |party=Independent politician |votes = 510 |percentage = 0.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,628 |percentage = 16.42% |change= {{decrease}}7.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 65,479 |percentage = 58.95% |change= {{increase}}8.68 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 64,744}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,084|ref = |change= {{increase}}12.53 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian Congress (Socialist) |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}3.42 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bopodi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kadam Shashikant Rajaram |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 23,751 |percentage = 48.51% |change={{increase}}13.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhosale Shivajirao Jagannathrao |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 11,980 |percentage = 24.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mane Vishu Shankar |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 5,604 |percentage = 11.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sawant L. T. |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,638 |percentage = 7.43% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vasant Wani |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,498 |percentage = 7.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,771 |percentage = 24.04% |change= {{increase}}17.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,677 |percentage = 50.33% |change= {{decrease}}10.60 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,960}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,711|ref = |change= {{increase}}12.50 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}7.33 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bopodi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=L. T. Sawant |party=Independent politician |votes = 21,750 |percentage = 41.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kadam Shashikant Rajaram |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 18,473 |percentage = 34.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sonaba Anaji Alias Bhausaheb Chavan |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 9,071 |percentage = 17.17% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kakade Sahebrao Kashinath |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,078 |percentage = 2.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Premchand Sadiram Agarwal |party=Independent politician |votes = 701 |percentage = 1.33% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chavan Sanjiv Govind |party=Independent politician |votes = 559 |percentage = 1.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Agarwal Ashokkumar Kapurchand |party=Independent politician |votes = 380 |percentage = 0.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,277 |percentage = 6.20% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,782 |percentage = 61.29% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 52,821}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,743|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bopodi Assembly constituency}}
[[Category:Pune district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1978]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Teonthar Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:26:29Z

RoseKort2620073: stub!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Teonthar
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| constituency_no = 70
| type= SLA
| map_image = Vidhan_Sabha_constituencies_of_Madhya_Pradesh_(70-Teonthar).png
| district = [[Rewa district|Rewa]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Rewa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rewa]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Siddharth Tiwari]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2023
}}

'''Teonthar Assembly constituency''' is one<ref name="election2013">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3740-madhya-pradesh-2013/ |title=Madhya Pradesh 2013 - Madhya Pradesh|access-date= 3 June 2021}}</ref> of the 8 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Rewa District]] and of the 230 constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="election2013-1">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

This constituency came into being since 1962 Legislative Assembly elections.<ref name="election1957">By comparing documents by ECI for 1957 and 1962 elections at

https://eci.gov.in/statistical-report/statistical-reports/</ref>

The incumbent [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] is Siddharth Tiwari from [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] since [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023 elections]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|Shyamlal Dwivedi<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-2">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Siddharth Tiwari]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Teonthar<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Siddharth Tiwari
|votes = {{formatnum:61082}}
|percentage = 40.99
|change = +0.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Rama Shankar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:56336}}
|percentage = 37.8
|change = +1.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Devendra Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:24393}}
|percentage = 16.37
|change = +2.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Vindhya Janta Party
|candidate = Commando Arun Gautam (Ex-Army)
|votes = {{formatnum:1791}}
|percentage = 1.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1148}}
|percentage = 0.77
|change = +0.54
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:4746}}
|percentage = 3.19
|change = -0.93
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:149025}}
|percentage = 68.53
|change = -0.21
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Teonthar<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-3">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Shyamlal Dwivedi
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:52729}}
|percentage = 40.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ramashankar Singh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:47386}}
|percentage = 36.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Geeta Rajmani Majhi
|votes = {{formatnum:17396}}
|percentage = 13.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ramashray Harijan
|votes = {{formatnum:1450}}
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ranjan Tripathi
|votes = {{formatnum:1308}}
|percentage = 1.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Sapaks Party
|candidate = Dharmendra Kumar Ga Utam (Dadu)
|votes = {{formatnum:1295}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:300}}
|percentage = 0.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:5343}}
|percentage = 4.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:129792}}
|percentage = 68.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Older results ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Legend<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://eci.gov.in/statistical-report/statistical-reports/|title=Statistical Reports|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
!Affiliation
!Full form
|-
|BJP
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]]
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|-
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Janata Dal|JD]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[Janata Party|JNP]]
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|LKD
|Lok Dal
|-
|SOC
|Socialist
|-
|SSP
|Sanghata Socialist Party
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Electoral Results by election year<ref name="auto"/>
!Year
!Electors
!Votes
Polled
!Percentage
Voting
!Total
Candidates
!Women
candidates
!Winner
!Votes
garnered
!Percentage
!Affiliation
!Runner up
!Votes
garnered
!Affiliation
|-
|1962
|55532
|24477
|44.08
|N.A.
|N.A.
|Lal Kamleshwar Singh
|7819
|31.95
|INC
|Mayavir Singh
|7660
|SOC
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|63876
|37631
|58.91
|N.A.
|N.A.
|K. Singh
|14633
|38.89
|INC
|M. Singh
|11100
|SSP
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|73561
|45899
|62.40
|6
|0
|Triveni Prasad
|11358
|24.75
|BJS
|Ganga Singh
|10939
|CPI
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|83256
|51817
|62.24
|N.A.
|N.A.
|Shrinivas Tiwari
|19564
|37.76
|INC
|Ramlakhana Singh
|18801
|JNP
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|90289
|52936
|58.63
|N.A.
|N.A.
|Shrinivas Tewari
|16632
|31.42
|INC
|Susheel Kumar
|10455
|BJP
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|100939
|64676
|64.07
|N.A.
|N.A.
|Garud Kumar
|20371
|31.50
|INC
|Ramakant Tiwari
|20229
|LKD
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|134080
|90829
|67.74
|13
|0
|Ramakant Tiwari
|33413
|36.79
|INC
|Ram Lakhan Singh
|30478
|JD
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|147415
|97128
|65.89
|20
|1
|Ramlakhan Singh
|30614
|31.52
|JD
|Ramakant Tiwari
|22326
|INC
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|159776
|104430
|65.34
|9
|0
|Ramakant Tiwari
|33599
|32.17
|BJP
|Ramgarib Banvasi
|26590
|BSP
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|182491
|116852
|64.07
|13
|0
|Ramkant tiwari
|37110
|31.76
|BJP
|Ramgarib Banvasi
|34320
|BSP
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|137929
|92481
|67.27
|16
|3
|Ram Garib Kol
|25987
|28.10
|BSP
|Kaushlesh Dwivedi
|19600
|INC
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|177822
|120831
|67.95
|19
|2
|Pd. Ramakant Tiwari
|44347
|36.70
|BJP
|Ramashankar Singh
|34590
|INC
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Teonthar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|24.98|81.64|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rewa district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Pampore Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:25:17Z

RoseKort2620073: New

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = [[Pampore]]
| mla = [[Hasnain Masoodi]]
| party = [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| district = [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Srinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srinagar]]
| established = 1962
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 32
}}

'''Pampore Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. Pampore is also part of [[Srinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12211-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-assamarunachal-pradesh-manipur-and-nagaland-notification-dated-06032020/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland - Notification dated 06.03.2020 - Delimitation - Election Commission of India |newspaper=eci.gov.in |accessdate=2021-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13193-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-notification-dated-03032021/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir - Notification dated 03.03.2021 - Presidential Orders/ Delimitation Commission Orders |website=Election Commission of India |date= 3 March 2021 |accessdate= 2021-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Pampore Assembly Constituency|url=https://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/pampore.html|access-date=2021-06-27|website=Elections.in}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1951 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1951]] || Peerzada Ghulam Jeelani Qadri || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Peerzada Ghulam Jeelani Qadri || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Peerzada Ghulam Jeelani Qadri || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Peerzada Mubarak Shah || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Ghulam Hassan Masoodi
|-
| [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || [[Mohiuddin Malik]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Mohammed Sultan
|-
| [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Ghulam Mohi Ud Din
|-
| [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || Mushtaq Ahmad
|-
| [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]] || Abdul Aziz Mir || {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2003 elections in India#Jammu and Kashmir|2003 By-election]] || rowspan=3 | [[Zahoor Ahmad Mir]]
|-
| [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Hasnain Masoodi]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Pampore<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bandipora|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|access-date=10 October 2024|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072117/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|archive-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hasnain Masoodi]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |votes=15,088 |percentage=33.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Zahoor Ahmad Mir]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=12,325 |percentage=27.14% |change={{decrease}}17.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Maqbool Shah |party=Independent politician |votes=5,846 |percentage=12.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Qayoom Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=2,305 |percentage=5.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aadil Rashid Bhat |party=Independent politician |votes=2,237 |percentage=4.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Altaf Mir |party=Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party |votes=1,543 |percentage=3.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Asif Ganai |party=Independent politician |votes=1,185 |percentage=2.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Syed Showakat Gayoor Andrabi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=957 |percentage=2.11% |change={{decrease}}3.41}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=966 |percentage=2.13% |change={{increase}}0.42 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,763 |percentage=6.08% |change= {{decrease}}3.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=45,419 |percentage=45.25% |change= {{decrease}}1.56 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,00,383 |ref = |change= {{increase}}28.41 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}11.16 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Pampore<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Zahoor Ahmad Mir]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=16,239 |percentage=44.38% |change={{increase}}7.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Yawar Masoodi|party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|votes=12,741|percentage=34.82%|change={{increase}}22.60}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mohammed Anwar Bhat|party=Indian National Congress|votes=4,063|percentage=11.10%|change={{decrease}}8.68}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ali Mohammad Wagay|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=2,019|percentage=5.52%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ghulam Mohammed Yatoo|party=Independent politician|votes=540|percentage=1.48%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mohammed Iqbal Sofi|party=Independent politician|votes=365|percentage=1.00%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=625|percentage=1.71%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,498 |percentage=9.56% |change= {{decrease}}7.50 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=36,592|percentage=46.81%|change={{increase}}3.38}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,176 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.50 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |loser=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |swing= {{increase}}7.54 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Pampore<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Zahoor Ahmad Mir]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=11,117 |percentage=36.84% |change={{decrease}}36.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Anwar Bhat |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,969 |percentage=19.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Nabi Mir |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=3,686 |percentage=12.21% |change={{increase}}4.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gh Nabi Bhat |party=Independent politician |votes=2,871 |percentage=9.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Assadullah Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=2,019 |percentage=6.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Ahad Yatoo |party=Independent politician |votes=984 |percentage=3.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Altaf Dar |party=Independent politician |votes=674 |percentage=2.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,148 |percentage=17.06% |change= {{decrease}}48.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,178 |percentage=43.43% |change= {{increase}}5.83 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,488 |ref = |change= {{increase}}34.44 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |loser=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}36.84 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 elections in India#Jammu and Kashmir|2003 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Pampore<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/ByeFeb2003/index.htm |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date = 1 January 2025 |title=Key Statistics - Bye Elections - Feb-Mar. 2003 |publisher=Election Commission Of India |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Zahoor Ahmad Mir]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=14,317 |percentage=73.68% |change={{increase}}35.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mushtaq Ahmad |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=1,535 |percentage=7.90% |change={{decrease}}12.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohammad Yatoo |party=Independent politician |votes=983 |percentage=5.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ramjan Dar |party=Independent politician |votes=866 |percentage=4.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohameed Altaf Dar |party=Independent politician |votes=562 |percentage=2.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Durakhshan |party=Independent politician |votes=476 |percentage=2.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmad Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=272 |percentage=1.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,782 |percentage=65.78% |change= {{increase}}58.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,432 |percentage=37.60% |change= {{increase}}18.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,688 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.00 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |loser=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |swing= {{increase}}35.21 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Pampore<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Aziz Mir |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=3,811 |percentage=38.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Anwar Bhat |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,106 |percentage=31.35% |change={{increase}}7.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Nabi Bhat |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=2,003 |percentage=20.22% |change={{decrease}}49.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohammed Itoo |party=Independent politician |votes=270 |percentage=2.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Muzaffarullah Mir |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=186 |percentage=1.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hafeeza Begum |party=Independent politician |votes=157 |percentage=1.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suhail Ahmad Mir |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=111 |percentage=1.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=705 |percentage=7.12% |change= {{decrease}}38.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,908 |percentage=19.17% |change= {{decrease}}38.81 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,688 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.52 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}31.36 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Pampore<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117084805/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mushtaq Ahmad |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=18,112 |percentage=69.83% |change={{increase}}12.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Anwar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,162 |percentage=23.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohammed Lone |party=Jammu and Kashmir Awami League |votes=1,014 |percentage=3.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Salam |party=Janata Dal |votes=651 |percentage=2.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,950 |percentage=46.07% |change= {{increase}}28.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,939 |percentage=61.01% |change= {{decrease}}22.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 44,742 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}7.20 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{increase}}12.49 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Pampore<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114084427/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohi Ud Din |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=22,186 |percentage=57.33% |change={{decrease}}14.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ali Mohammed Lone |party=Independent politician |votes=15,383 |percentage=39.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jalal-Ud-Din |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=725 |percentage=1.87% |change={{decrease}}70.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Akbar Lone |party=Independent politician |votes=255 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,803 |percentage=17.58% |change= {{decrease}}37.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=38,696 |percentage=81.80% |change= {{increase}}1.03 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,212 |ref = |change= {{increase}}26.74 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}14.57 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Pampore<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117082124/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Sultan |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=21,672 |percentage=71.91% |change={{decrease}}10.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Peerzada Ghulam Jeelani Qadri |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,136 |percentage=17.04% |change={{increase}}14.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pin Noor-U-Din |party=Jamaat-e-Islami |votes=2,050 |percentage=6.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Salam |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=775 |percentage=2.57% |change={{decrease}}79.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohammed Yatoo |party=Independent politician |votes=506 |percentage=1.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,536 |percentage=54.87% |change= {{decrease}}18.60 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,139 |percentage=83.87% |change= {{decrease}}0.71 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 38,039 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.14 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}10.20 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Pampore<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate= [[Mohiuddin Malik]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=22,877 |percentage=82.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Hassan Masoodi |party=Janata Party |votes=2,409 |percentage=8.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanaullah Dar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,798 |percentage=6.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Nabi Shada |party=Indian National Congress |votes=778 |percentage=2.79% |change={{decrease}}50.55 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,468 |percentage=73.46% |change= {{increase}}53.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=27,862 |percentage=83.36% |change= {{increase}}12.83 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,854 |ref = |change= {{increase}}34.60 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}28.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Pampore<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Hassan Masoodi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,269 |percentage=53.34% |change={{decrease}}11.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Peerzada Ghulam Jeelani Qadri |party=Independent politician |votes=5,868 |percentage=33.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Noor Illahi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,736 |percentage=9.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Majid Sair |party=Independent politician |votes=504 |percentage=2.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,401 |percentage=19.57% |change= {{decrease}}10.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,377 |percentage=71.00% |change= {{increase}}32.45 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,894 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.44 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}11.53 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Pampore<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052138/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Peerzada Mubarak Shah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,271 |percentage=64.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. A. Dar |party=Independent politician |votes=2,855 |percentage=35.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,416 |percentage=29.73% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,126 |percentage=37.46% |change= {{increase}}34.66 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,446 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}12.69 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Pampore<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Peerzada Ghulam Jeelani Qadri |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=26,855 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,855 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[Pampore]]
* [[List of constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|34.01|74.92|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Pulwama district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Letha Manasulu (2004 film)

2026-04-14T15:36:28Z

RoseKort2620073: Done!

{{short description|2004 Indian Telugu film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Letha Manasulu
| image = Letha Manasulu (2004 film).jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
| screenplay = S. V. Krishna Reddy [[Chintapalli Ramana]] (dialogues)
| based_on = {{Based on|[[Azhagi (2002 film)|''Azhagi'']]|[[Thangar Bachan]]}}
| producer = [[Vallabhaneni Balasouri]] M. Anantha Varma
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]]
* [[Kaveri (actress)|Kalyani]]
* [[Gopika]]
}}
| cinematography = Kanteti Sankar
| editing = Muthyala Nani
| music = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| studio = Sri Sivasai Pictures
| released = {{Film date|2004|10|01|df=yes}}
| runtime = 149 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Letha Manasulu''''' ({{translation|Tender hearts}})<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2004 |title=Leta Manasulu Review |url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/leta-manasulu/telugu/leta-manasulu-movie-reviews-1225-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127004012/https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/leta-manasulu/telugu/leta-manasulu-movie-reviews-1225-2.html |archive-date=27 January 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=Full Hyderabad}}</ref> is a 2004 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama]] film directed by [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]. The film is produced by [[Vallabhaneni Balasouri|V. Balasouri]] and [[Bapatla (Assembly constituency)|M. Anantha Varma]] under Sri Sivasai Pictures. It is a remake of the Tamil film [[Azhagi (2002 film)|''Azhagi'']] (2002) and stars [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]], [[Kaveri (actress)|Kalyani]], and [[Gopika]]. Raju (Srikanth) and Dhana Lakshmi (Kalyani) are [[childhood sweetheart]]s who eventually marry others. When Dhana Lakshmi loses her husband, Raju pities and takes her in as a maidservant while keeping his wife Bhanu (Gopika) in the dark about their past.

The film's score and soundtrack is composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]]. ''Letha Manasulu'' was released on 1 October 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2004 |title=Movie review — Letha Manasulu |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-lethamanasulu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127003924/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-lethamanasulu.html |archive-date=27 January 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=January 2022}}

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] as Raju
* [[Gopika]] as Bhanu
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack album consists of six singles composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Letha Manasulu |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/letha-manasulu/bh025BK2Wuk_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201083010/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/letha-manasulu/bh025BK2Wuk_ |archive-date=1 February 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=[[JioSaavn]]|date=January 2013 }}</ref> The audio launch was attended by [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]], then [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|chief minister of Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2004 |title=Audio Function — Letha Manasulu |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-lethamanasulu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127034526/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-lethamanasulu.html |archive-date=27 January 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> Reviewing the soundtrack album, ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated: "All the songs in the film are made rich by sensible and poetic lyrics [..] However, the singers' good rendition notwithstanding, the pronunciation by the non-Telugu artistes remains much to be desired as usual".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 September 2004 |title=Chords & Notes |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/chords-notes/article28345884.ece |url-status=live |access-date=31 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127033424/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/chords-notes/article28345884.ece |archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>{{Tracklist
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Tholi Tholi Korika
| lyrics1 = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| extra1 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], Madhushree
| length1 = 4:53
| title2 = Kanula Kela
| lyrics2 = [[Bhuvana Chandra]]
| extra2 = M. M. Keeravani, Bindu
| length2 = 4:44
| title3 = Kur Ku Kooru
| lyrics3 = Bhuvana Chandra
| extra3 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length3 = 4:06
| title4 = Letha Manasaa
| lyrics4 = Kosaraju
| extra4 = [[Sunitha Upadrashta]]
| length4 = 2:35
| title5 = Thannana Thannana
| lyrics5 = M.M. Keeravani
| extra5 = [[K. S. Chithra]], M. M. Keeravani
| length5 = 4:59
| title6 = Aanaati Mana Chelimi
| lyrics6 = Bhuvana Chandra
| extra6 = M.M. Keeravani, [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| length6 = 5:54
| total_length = 27:11
}}

== Reception ==
Reviewing the film for ''[[The Hindu]]'', Gudipoodi Srihari wrote: "Though neat and simple, there is nothing novel in the storyline which is akin to the narration in a novel. It is surprising to note that a popular director known for neat themes, Krishna Reddy chose a routine theme involving a man and two women."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 October 2004 |title=Of love and suspicion |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/of-love-and-suspicion/article28673902.ece |url-status=live |access-date=31 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127011241/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/of-love-and-suspicion/article28673902.ece |archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' termed it "Slow and dreary," and stated, "Music of Keeravani is very average and dialogues by Ramana Chintapally are adequate. On the whole is film is slow with no surprises or commercial elements."<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2004 |title=Letha Manasulu |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/letha-manasulu-review-telugu-pclv9Nibgfcca.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127035955/https://www.sify.com/movies/letha-manasulu-review-telugu-pclv9Nibgfcca.html |archive-date=27 January 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Griddaluru Gopalrao of ''[[Zamin Ryot]]'' criticised the direction and screenplay, writing that the director failed to bring any novelty to the old storyline. He added that the characterisation was poor and performances were mediocre.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2004 |title=లేత మనసులు: మహా ముదురు |language=te |trans-title=Letha Manasulu (Tender Hearts) is too ripe |page=9 |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/2004/Oct/15-Oct-2004.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=31 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118123056/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/2004/Oct/15-Oct-2004.pdf |archive-date=18 November 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|3433874}}
{{S. V. Krishna Reddy}}
[[Category:2004 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2004 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]

Sidlaghatta-Chikballapur Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:35:17Z

RoseKort2620073: new!

{{Short description|Former constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sidlaghatta Chikballapur
| state = [[Mysore State]]
| constituency_no =
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| district = [[Bangalore district|Bangalore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kolar Lok Sabha constituency|Kolar]]
| established = 1951
| abolished = 1957
| electors = 
| reservation =
| mla =
| party =
| latest_election_year =
}}
'''Sidlaghatta Chikballapur Assembly constituency''' was one of the [[State legislative assemblies of India|Vidhana Sabha]] constituencies in the state assembly of [[Mysore State|Mysore]], in India. It was part of [[Kolar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="delimitation1952">{{cite web |date=1952 |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1956 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |access-date=13 October 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" rowspan="2" | [[1952 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || G. Papanna || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| A. Muniyappa
|}
==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sidlaghatta-Chikballapur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007130946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = G. Papanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,982 |percentage = 26.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = A. Muniyappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,666 |percentage = 26.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. V. Venkatarayappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 19,082 |percentage = 22.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bandi Muneppa |party = Independent politician |votes = 17,009 |percentage = 19.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Channarayappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,013 |percentage = 4.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,900 |percentage = 4.55% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 85,752 |percentage = 48.47% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 85,752}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,459 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|13.417837|77.797330|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kolar district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]

Sreejaya Chavan

2026-04-12T13:03:08Z

RoseKort2620073: done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Adv. Sreejaya Chavan
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = November 2024
| constituency = [[Bhokar Assembly constituency|Bhokar]]
| predecessor = [[Ashok Chavan]]
| office1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| website =
| parents = [[Ashok Chavan]] and [[Ameeta Ashokrao Chavan]]
| spouse =
| children =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Lawyer
| alma_mater = Mumbai University
| date =
| year =
| signature =
| bodyclass =
}}
'''Sreejaya Ashokrao Chavan''' is an Indian politician. At a very young age of 32 she was elected to the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from [[Bhokar Assembly constituency|Bhokar]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="a029">{{cite web | title=Ex-CM Ashok Chavan's daughter Sreejaya wins big in debut contest from Bhokar seat | website=ThePrint | date=23 November 2024 | url=https://theprint.in/india/ex-cm-ashok-chavans-daughter-sreejaya-wins-big-in-debut-contest-from-bhokar-seat/2371072/ | access-date=23 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="z563">{{cite web | title=Pawan Kalyan's Star Power Boosts BJP Campaign in Nanded and Latur | website=The Times of India | date=18 November 2024 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/pawan-kalyans-star-power-boosts-bjp-campaign-in-nanded-and-latur/articleshow/115393289.cms | access-date=23 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="p669">{{cite web | last=Nair | first=Ardhra | title=Sreejaya Chavan's Challenging Political Debut in Bhokar: Can She Break the BJP's Grip? | website=The Times of India | date=11 November 2024 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/sreejaya-chavans-challenging-political-debut-in-bhokar-can-she-break-the-bjps-grip/articleshow/115189998.cms | access-date=23 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="Maharashtra assembly to have 78 first-time MLAs">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly/maharashtra-assembly-to-have-78-first-time-mlas/article68926011.ece|title=Maharashtra assembly to have 78 first-time MLAs|last1=The Hindu|date=29 November 2024|accessdate=29 November 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129133813/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly/maharashtra-assembly-to-have-78-first-time-mlas/article68926011.ece|archivedate=29 November 2024|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Maharashtra polls: Election debutant list full of politician kin, total 26">{{cite news |date=3 November 2024 |title=Maharashtra polls: Election debutant list full of politician kin, total 26 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-polls-election-debutant-list-full-of-politician-kin-total-26/articleshow/114900669.cms |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219050819/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-polls-election-debutant-list-full-of-politician-kin-total-26/articleshow/114900669.cms |archivedate=19 December 2024 |accessdate=13 January 2025 |publisher=The Times of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election

2026-04-11T12:31:13Z

RoseKort2620073: new...

{{Short description|Election in Bombay, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1952 Bombay Legislative Assembly election
| country = India
| type = legislative
| vote_type = Popular 
| ongoing = no
| election_date = 26 March 1952
| previous_election = 1946 Indian provincial elections
| previous_year = 1946
| next_election = 1957 Bombay Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 1957
| seats_for_election = All 315 seats in the [[Bombay Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 158
| registered = {{formatnum:16712606}}
| turnout = 50.78%
| image_size = 100px

| party1 = Indian National Congress
| image1 = <div style="width:80px;"> '''INC'''</div>
| leader1 =
| leaders_seat1 =
| leader_since1 =
| seats1 = 269
| popular_vote1 = 49.95%

| party2 = Peasants and Workers Party of India
| image2 = <div style="width:80px;"> '''PWPI'''</div>
| leader2 =
| leaders_seat2 =
| leader_since2 =
| seats2 = 14
| popular_vote2 = 6.45%


| title = [[List_of_chief_ministers_of_Maharashtra#Chief Ministers of Bombay State (1947-60)|CM]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress
| before_election = [[B. G. Kher]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress
| after_election = [[Morarji Desai]]
}}
[[File:India Administrative Divisions 1951.svg|thumb|Indian administrative divisions, as of 1951]]

Elections to the [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] of the Indian state of [[Bombay State|Bombay]] were held on 26 March 1952. 1239 candidates contested for the 268 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 1 three-member, 47 two-member constituencies and 220 single-member constituencies.<ref name="BombayECI1951"/>

==Results==

'''List of political parties participating in the 1952 Bombay assembly elections'''

{| class="wikitable"
! Colspan=2|Party
! Abbreviation
|-
! Colspan=4|National parties
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha}}
| [[Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha|HMS]]
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
| [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
| [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]]
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad}}
| [[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad|RRP]]
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| {{party color cell|Socialist Party}}
| [[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]]
| [[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|SP]]
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Krishikar Lok Party}}
| [[Krishikar Lok Party|KLP]]
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}}
| [[Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party|KMPP]]
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
| [[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc]]
| [[All India Forward Bloc|FB]]
|-
| {{party color cell|Scheduled Castes Federation}}
| [[Scheduled Castes Federation|All India Scheduled Castes Federation]]
| [[Scheduled Castes Federation|SCF]]
|-
! Colspan=4|State parties
|-
| {{party color cell|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}
| [[Peasants and Workers Party of India|Peasants and Workers Party]]
| [[Peasants and Workers Party of India|PWP]]
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Kamgar Kisan Paksha}}
| [[Kamgar Kisan Paksha|KKP]]
|-
|}

<section begin=Results />{{election table|title=Summary of results of the 1952 Bombay Legislative Assembly election<ref name="BombayECI1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4107-bombay-1951/ | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Bombay | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14}}</ref> |sortable=yes}}
|-
!colspan=10|[[File:India Bombay Legislative Assembly 1952.svg]]
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center;"
! class="unsortable" |
! Political party !! Flag !! Seats contested !! Won !! Votes !! Vote %
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Indian National Congress]]{{Composition bar|270|315|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
| [[File:Flag of Indian National Congress.png|70px]]
| 313 || 270 || 55,56,334 || 49.95%
|-
| {{party color cell|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]{{Composition bar|14|315|{{party color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|
| 87 || 14 || 7,17,963 || 6.45%
|-
| {{party color cell|Socialist Party}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]]{{Composition bar|9|315|{{party color|Socialist Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|
| 182 || 9 || 13,30,246 || 11.96%
|-
| {{party color cell|Kamgar Kisan Paksha}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Kamgar Kisan Paksha]]{{Composition bar|2|315|{{party color|Kamgar Kisan Paksha}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|
| 33 || 2 || 2,48,130 || 2.23%
|-
| {{party color cell|Scheduled Castes Federation}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Scheduled Castes Federation]]{{Composition bar|1|315|{{party color|Scheduled Castes Federation}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|[[File:Flag of various Republican Parties of India.svg|70px]]
| 37 || 1 || 3,44,718 || 3.10%
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Communist Party of India]]{{Composition bar|1|315|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
| [[File:CPI-banner.svg|70px]]
| 25 || 1 || 1,59,994 || 1.44%
|-
| {{party color cell|Krishikar Lok Party}}
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Krishikar Lok Party]]{{Composition bar|1|315|{{party color|Krishikar Lok Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|
| 16 || 1 || 1,07,408 || 0.97%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}}
|
| 67||0||5,59,492||5.03%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad}}
|
|37||0|| 1,24,466|| 1.12%
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha}}
|
|9||0|| 35,194|| 0.32%
|-
| {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
|style="text-align:left;" |[[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc (Marxist Group)]]
|
|8||0|| 16,847|| 0.15%
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|style="text-align:left;" |[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|
|2||0|| 4,876|| 0.04%
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Independent politician}}{{Composition bar|19|315|{{party color|Independent}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|
| 427 || 19 || 19,17,574 || 17.24%
|- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan = 3| Total
! 1243 !! 317 !! style="text-align:center;" |Turnout (voters) 1,11,23,242 (2,19,04,595) !! 50.78%
|}<section end=Results />

==Elected members==
Election results from constituencies which would later become part of [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Mysore State]] are listed here.

===Maharashtra===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Results by constituency |
* Winner, runner-up, voter turnout, and victory margin in every constituency
! colspan="2" |Assembly Constituency
!Turnout
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner Up
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Margin
|-
! #k
! Names
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
|-
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|1 || rowspan="2"|[[Dahanu Umbergaon Assembly constituency|Dahanu Umbergaon]] || rowspan="2"|45.77% || Shamrao Ramchandra Patil || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 20,842 || 20.56% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Bhimara Radka Rupji || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,742 || 19.48%
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|2 || rowspan="2"|[[Palghar Jawhar Assembly constituency|Palghar Jawhar]] || rowspan="2"|48.67% || Mukne Trimbak Bhau || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 20,523 || 21.08% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Meher Maruti Padmakar || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 19,107 || 19.63%
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|3 || rowspan="2"|[[Mokhada Wada Shahapur Assembly constituency|Mokhada Wada Shahapur]] || rowspan="2"|60.97% || Bhoir Ladku Nau || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 15,848 || 19.06% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Pawar Amrita Ragho || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 12,958 || 15.58%
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|4 || rowspan="2"|[[Bhivandi Murbad East Kalyan Assembly constituency|Bhiwandi Murbad East Kalyan]] || rowspan="2"|49.03% || Fakih Mustafa Gulamnabi || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 21,268 || 19.90% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Jadhav Pandurang Dharmaji || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,436 || 18.18%
|-
|5 || [[Bassein Assembly constituency|Bassein]] || 63.66% || Sadanand G. Warty || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 19,283 || 50.51% || Parulekar Ganesh Bhikaji || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 18,895 || 49.49% || style="background:{{party colour|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}}"|'''388'''
|-
|6 || [[Kalyan West Assembly constituency|Kalyan West]] || 44.47% || Kanji Govind Kerson || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 8,287 || 39.57% || Phadke Ganesh Krishnaji || {{party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha}} || 4,791 || 22.87% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,496'''
|-
|7 || [[Kalyan Central Kalyan Camp Assembly constituency|Kalyan Central Kalyan Camp]] || 62.98% || Mansukhani Khanchand Gopaldas || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 12,879 || 39.41% || Tehalramani Parsaram Vishinising || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 8,109 || 24.81% || style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''4,770'''
|-
|8 || [[Thane Assembly constituency|Thane]] || 48.45% || Hegde Madhavrao Vinayak || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 14,067 || 45.48% || Tamhane Dattatraya Balkrishna || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 5,943 || 19.21% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,124'''
|-
|9 || [[Borivali Assembly constituency|Borivali]] || 42.26% || Deshpande Madhav Krishna || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 9,253 || 40.85% || Welingkar Laxmikant Narayan || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 8,145 || 35.96% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,108'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|10 || rowspan="2"|[[Panvel Karjat Matheran Khalapur Assembly constituency|Panvel Karjat Matheran Khalapur]] || rowspan="2"|43.18% || Padir Manohar Kushaha || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 17,284 || 19.62% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Thosar Narhar Parsharam || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 16,201 || 18.39%
|-
|11 || [[Alibag Assembly constituency|Alibag]] || 63.55% || Kunte Dattatraya Kashinath || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 18,426 || 54.67% || Patil Narayan Nagu || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 12,502 || 37.09% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,924'''
|-
|12 || [[Pen Uran Assembly constituency|Pen Uran]] || 55.73% || Ambaji Tukaram Patil || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 18,562 || 57.62% || Patil Ganpat Laxman || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 10,424 || 32.36% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,138'''
|-
|13 || [[Roha Sudhagad Assembly constituency|Roha Sudhagad]] || 56.81% || Savant Maruti Sitaram || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 14,440 || 48.77% || Sanap Pandurang Ramji || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 10,250 || 34.62% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,190'''
|-
|14 || [[Murud Shrivardhan Assembly constituency|Murud Shrivardhan]] || 54.74% || Dighe Bhaskar Narayan || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 17,430 || 62.95% || Virkud Moreshwar Govind || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 5,976 || 21.58% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,454'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|15 || rowspan="2"|[[Mangaon Mhasla Mahad Assembly constituency|Mangaon Mhasla Mahad]] || rowspan="2"|47.14% || Deshmukh Prabhakar Ramkrishna || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 23,980 || 26.87% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Talegaonkar Dattatray Maloji || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 22,811 || 25.56%
|-
|16 || [[Poladpur Mahad Assembly constituency|Poladpur Mahad]] || 45.14% || Purohit Digambar Vinayak || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 13,597 || 68.63% || Deshmukh Pandurang Khashaba || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 6,214 || 31.37% || style="background:{{party colour|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}}"|'''7,383'''
|-
|17 || [[Chopda Assembly constituency|Chopda]] || 66.71% || Patil Madhavrao Gotto || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 20,105 || 54.55% || Patil Narhar Rajaram || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 15,725 || 42.67% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,380'''
|-
|18 || [[Yawal Assembly constituency|Yawal]] || 61.75% || Patil Vithalrao Nathu || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 23,118 || 64.71% || Patil Vyankatrao Bhaga || {{party name with color|Kamgar Kisan Paksha}} || 6,433 || 18.01% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''16,685'''
|-
|19 || [[Raver Assembly constituency|Raver]] || 67.22% || Bonde Dhanji Maharu || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 15,755 || 40.05% || Patil Tukaram Dattu || {{party name with color|Kamgar Kisan Paksha}} || 7,066 || 17.96% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,689'''
|-
|20 || [[Edlabad Assembly constituency|Edlabad]] || 53.54% || Patil Eknathrao Sampatrao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,084 || 49.13% || Deshmukh Damodar Vishnu || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 4,087 || 15.35% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,997'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|21 || rowspan="2"|[[Bhusawal Jamner Assembly constituency|Bhusawal Jamner]] || rowspan="2"|86.37% || Sane Nilkanth Ganesh || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 30,473 || 32.74% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Vankhade Keshavrao Raghav || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 24,880 || 26.73%
|-
|22 || [[Pachora Assembly constituency|Pachora]] || 56.49% || Patil Julalsing Shankarrao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 18,541 || 62.10% || Patil Shankar Devchand || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 5,878 || 19.69% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,663'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|23 || rowspan="2"|[[Jalgaon Mhasawad Assembly constituency|Jalgaon Mhasawad]] || rowspan="2"|103.05% || Kandare Bhagwan Budhaji || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 29,464 || 27.37% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Bagwan Shaikh Gulam Rasul Haji Hasan || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 23,537 || 21.86%
|-
|24 || [[Erandol Assembly constituency|Erandol]] || 62.16% || Birla Sitaram Hirachand || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 16,377 || 51.07% || Parihar Yogarajsing Shankarsing || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 10,852 || 33.84% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,525'''
|-
|25 || [[Amalner Assembly constituency|Amalner]] || 59.20% || Namdeo Yadav Patil || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 14,805 || 47.21% || Vishram Dodhu Chavan || {{party name with color|Communist Party of India}} || 7,468 || 23.81% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,337'''
|-
|26 || [[Parola Assembly constituency|Parola]] || 57.85% || Deshmukh Bhagwantrao Damodar || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,814 || 69.41% || Pawar, Balawantrao Manikrao || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 5,169 || 18.11% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''14,645'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|27 || rowspan="2"|[[Bhadgaon Chalisgaon Assembly constituency|Bhadgaon Chalisgaon]] || rowspan="2"|53.52% || Suryavanshi, Motiram Shamrao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 33,116 || 31.61% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Tadvi, Jalamkha Sandebajkha || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 27,285 || 26.04%
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|28 || rowspan="2"|[[Dhulia Assembly constituency|Dhulia]] || rowspan="2"|52.79% || More, Sukhdeo Totaram || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 28,467 || 23.37% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Vankhedkar, Sonuji Deoram || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 21,540 || 17.68%
|-
|29 || [[Shirpur Assembly constituency|Shirpur]] || 56.39% || Mali, Gajmal Dalpat || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 16,517 || 59.23% || Patil, Uttamrao Girdhar || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 6,202 || 22.24% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''10,315'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|30 || rowspan="2"|[[Mewasa Taloda Akrani West Assembly constituency|Mewasa Taloda Akrani West]] || rowspan="2"|49.61% || Patil, Vishram Hari || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 14,734 || 15.57% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Valvi, Janardan Poharya || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,585 || 14.36%
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|31 || rowspan="2"|[[East Shahada Sindkheda Nandurbar Assembly constituency|East Shahada Sindkheda Nandurbar]] || rowspan="2"|46.37% || Gavit, Tukaram Hurji || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 33,225 || 31.23% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Raul, Jaising Dolatsing || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 29,665 || 27.88%
|-
|32 || [[Sindkheda Assembly constituency|Sindkheda]] || 57.11% || Narayanrao Sahadeorao Patil || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 16,560 || 61.16% || Khaire, Raghunath Chindha || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 6,592 || 24.35% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,968'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|33 || rowspan="2"|[[Nawapur Sakri Assembly constituency|Navapur Sakri]] || rowspan="2"|51.22% || Badse, Shankarrao Chindhuji || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 29,007 || 26.51% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Valvi, Surji Lashkari || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 24,257 || 22.17%
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="3"|34 || rowspan="3"|[[Nashik Igatpuri Assembly constituency|Nashik Igatpuri]] || rowspan="3"|41.99% || Dattatraya Tulshiram Kale || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 29,782 || 14.54% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Murkute, Pandurang Mahadeo || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 26,563 || 12.97%
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Pawar, Bhikha Trimbak || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 23,306 || 11.38%
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|35 || rowspan="2"|[[Sinnar Niphad Assembly constituency|Sinnar Niphad]] || rowspan="2"|63.23% || Naik Vasant Narayan || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 27,217 || 23.27% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Rankhambe Amritrao Dhondiba || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 24,848 || 21.24%
|-
|36 || [[North Malegaon Assembly constituency|North Malegaon]] || 57.70% || Mohd. Sabir Abdul Sattar || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 12,925 || 38.18% || Ansari Haroon Ahmed || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 10,694 || 31.59% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,231'''
|-
|37 || [[South Malegaon - Nandgao North Assembly constituency|South Malegaon - Nandgao North]] || 61.33% || Hiray Bhausaheb Sakharam || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 24,077 || 65.66% || Pawar Kautik Anand || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 8,449 || 23.04% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''15,628'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|38 || rowspan="2"|[[Chandor Kalwan Baglan Assembly constituency|Chandor Kalwan Baglan]] || rowspan="2"|53.48% || Jadhav Madhavrao Laxmanrao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 25,959 || 20.27% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|More Dongar Rama || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 25,377 || 19.81%
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|39 || rowspan="2"|[[Dangs Surgan Peiant Dindori Assembly constituency|Dangs Surgan Peiant Dindori]] || rowspan="2"|37.11% || Jadhav Anant Lahanu || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,053 || 16.79% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Thorat Raosaheb Bhausaheb || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 10,479 || 13.48%
|-
|40 || [[Yeola Nandgaon Assembly constituency|Yeola Nandgaon]] || 52.83% || Shinde (Patil) Madhavrao Trimbak || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 20,496 || 62.65% || Maru Shivram Palaji || {{party name with color|Scheduled Castes Federation}} || 8,260 || 25.25% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,236'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|41 || rowspan="2"|[[Akola Sangamner Assembly constituency|Akola Sangamner]] || rowspan="2"|40.89% || Bhangare Gopal Shravan || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 17,924 || 20.87% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Deshmukh Datta Appaji || {{party name with color|Kamgar Kisan Paksha}} || 17,322 || 20.17%
|-
|42 || [[Rahuri Assembly constituency|Rahuri]] || 43.54% || Laxamanrao Madhavrao Patil || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 14,822 || 59.30% || Kadu Punjaji Bapuji || {{party name with color|Communist Party of India}} || 6,660 || 26.64% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,162'''
|-
|43 || [[Shrirampur Newasa Assembly constituency|Shrirampur Newasa]] || 45.91% || Chaugule Bhaurao Govindrao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,534 || 53.21% || Patil Sakharam Shripatrao || {{party name with color|Kamgar Kisan Paksha}} || 7,555 || 29.71% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,979'''
|-
|44 || [[Kopargaon Assembly constituency|Kopargaon]] || 53.40% || Barhate Jagannath Shankar || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 16,636 || 54.85% || Kale Shankarrao Deoram || {{party name with color|Kamgar Kisan Paksha}} || 7,236 || 23.86% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,400'''
|-
|45 || [[Shevgaon Assembly constituency|Shevgaon]] || 47.24% || Bharde Trimbak Shivram || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 12,787 || 55.38% || Ekanath Laxman Bhagwat || {{party name with color|Communist Party of India}} || 10,303 || 44.62% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,484'''
|-
|46 || [[Ahmednagar Assembly constituency|Ahmednagar]] || 48.68% || Kute Vital Ganpat || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 16,778 || 56.51% || Karandikar Kashinath Shankar || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 5,589 || 18.83% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,189'''
|-
|47 || [[Ahmednagar Taluka-Parner Assembly constituency|Ahmednagar Taluka-Parner]] || 36.52% || [[Bhaskar Tukaram Auti]] || {{party name with color|Communist Party of India}} || 12,570 || 56.67% || Bhagat Dattatraya Kundiram || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 9,612 || 43.33% || style="background:{{party colour|Communist Party of India}}"|'''2,958'''
|-
|48 || [[Pathardi Assembly constituency|Pathardi]] || 44.69% || Nirhali Madhav Maruti || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,771 || 56.84% || Avad Narayan Ganpat || {{party name with color|Communist Party of India}} || 10,458 || 43.16% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,313'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|49 || rowspan="2"|[[Shrigonda Assembly constituency|Shrigonda]] || rowspan="2"|31.93% || Baburao Mahadeo Bharaskar || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 18,254 || 23.47% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Thorat Shivrao Bhavanrao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 14,633 || 18.81%
|-
|50 || [[Poona City North West Assembly constituency|Poona City North West]] || 45.36% || Shirole Malati Madhav || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 14,011 || 47.50% || Pitalalloo Laxman Lingu || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 7,910 || 26.82% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,101'''
|-
|51 || [[Poona City South East Assembly constituency|Poona City South East]] || 49.34% || Shah Popatlal Ramchand || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 18,201 || 61.17% || Kirad Jagannath Raghunath || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 6,828 || 22.95% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,373'''
|-
|52 || [[Poona City South West Assembly constituency|Poona City South West]] || 57.32% || Ghorpade Ramchandra Balwant || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 17,875 || 52.71% || Date Shankar Ramchandra || {{party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha}} || 11,556 || 34.08% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,319'''
|-
|53 || [[Poona City Central Assembly constituency|Poona City Central]] || 60.97% || Sathe Vinayak Krishna || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,584 || 57.24% || Abyankar Narhar Govind || {{party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad}} || 9,557 || 27.93% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''10,027'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|54 || rowspan="2"|[[Haveli Dhond Assembly constituency|Haveli Dhond]] || rowspan="2"|47.06% || Magar Martand Dhondiba || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 27,193 || 28.56% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Kharat Ganpat Sambhaji || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 26,515 || 27.85%
|-
|55 || [[Shirur Assembly constituency|Shirur]] || 37.96% || Ghate Vithal Dattatraya || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 7,853 || 44.36% || Jedhe Yeshwant Baburao || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 6,248 || 35.30% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,605'''
|-
|56 || [[Baramati Assembly constituency|Baramati]] || 58.64% || Mulik Gulabrao Dadasaheb || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 17,973 || 59.02% || Gagtap Nanashaheb Bapuji || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 6,380 || 20.95% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,593'''
|-
|57 || [[Ambegaon Assembly constituency|Ambegaon]] || 50.40% || Awate Annasaheb Gopalrao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 20,053 || 70.44% || Padwal Maruti Govind || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 6,044 || 21.23% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''14,009'''
|-
|58 || [[Khed Assembly constituency|Khed]] || 38.60% || Kabirbuwa Pandharinath Ramdas || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 16,184 || 74.91% || Mali Narayan Balwant || {{party name with color|Scheduled Castes Federation}} || 3,997 || 18.50% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,187'''
|-
|59 || [[Maval North Mulshi Assembly constituency|Maval North Mulshi]] || 47.86% || Dabhade Veedharval Yeshwantrao || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 15,407 || 54.59% || Gupe Gajanan Maheshwar || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 7,288 || 25.82% || style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''8,119'''
|-
|60 || [[Bhor Velhe South Mulshi Assembly constituency|Bhor Velhe South Mulshi]] || 38.19% || Mohol Namdeo Sadashiv || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 11,251 || 50.54% || Khopade Bhagwant Waman || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 3,832 || 17.21% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,419'''
|-
|61 || [[Purandar Assembly constituency|Purandar]] || 46.86% || Memane Madhaorao Narayanrao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 15,836 || 62.47% || Raut Raghunath Janardan || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 4,648 || 18.33% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''11,188'''
|-
|62 || [[Junnar Assembly constituency|Junnar]] || 47.28% || Dhobale Dattatraya Amrutrao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 10,007 || 38.06% || Kale Shivaji Amrutrao || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 7,363 || 28.01% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,644'''
|-
|63 || [[Indapur Assembly constituency|Indapur]] || 47.03% || [[Shankarrao Bajirao Patil]] || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 10,127 || 38.56% || Kulkarni Narayan Dattatraya || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 4,688 || 17.85% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,439'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|64 || rowspan="2"|[[Akalkot-South Sholapur Assembly constituency|Akalkot-South Sholapur]] || rowspan="2"|49.46% || Kadadi Madiwallappa Bandappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 26,354 || 25.62% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Sonawane Ganpat Laxman || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 23,371 || 22.72%
|-
|65 || [[North Sholapur Assembly constituency|North Sholapur]] || 49.88% || Bhosale Raje Nirmala Vijaysinh || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,419 || 44.47% || Jadhav Ambaddas Krishna || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 8,706 || 28.85% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,713'''
|-
|66 || [[Solapur City North Assembly constituency|Solapur City North]] || 47.39% || Dhanshetti Shivshakar Mallappa || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 11,799 || 52.41% || Chanapattan Vyankappa Tippanna || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 8,737 || 38.81% || style="background:{{party colour|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|'''3,062'''
|-
|67 || [[Solapur City South Assembly constituency|Solapur City South]] || 41.49% || Sane Govind Dattatraya || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 8,396 || 39.01% || Chandale Channusing Kalyansingh || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 7,741 || 35.97% || style="background:{{party colour|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|'''655'''
|-
|68 || [[Barsi North Assembly constituency|Barsi North]] || 63.89% || Deshmukh Narsing Tatya || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 15,462 || 43.84% || Supekar Mahadeo Shankar || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 9,849 || 27.93% || style="background:{{party colour|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|'''5,613'''
|-
|69 || [[Barsi Madha Assembly constituency|Barsi Madha]] || 62.27% || Jadhav Tulshidas Saubhanrao || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 26,174 || 63.46% || Sathe Ganpat Dhondiba || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 15,071 || 36.54% || style="background:{{party colour|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|'''11,103'''
|-
|70 || [[Madha Mohol Assembly constituency|Madha Mohol]] || 53.96% || Gund Tawaji Bajirao || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 17,413 || 58.42% || Shende Ganpat Sakharam || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 8,419 || 28.25% || style="background:{{party colour|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|'''8,994'''
|-
|71 || [[Karmala Assembly constituency|Karmala]] || 45.39% || Namdeo Mahadeo Jagtap || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 9,143 || 50.90% || Patil Ganpat Eknath || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 5,290 || 29.45% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,853'''
|-
|72 || [[Sangola Assembly constituency|Sangola]] || 46.49% || Keshavrao Shripatrao Raut || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 10,593 || 46.16% || Patange Sopan Abaji || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 8,705 || 37.94% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,888'''
|-
|73 || [[Malshiras Assembly constituency|Malshiras]] || 55.84% || [[Shankarrao Mohite-Patil]] || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 15,076 || 51.51% || Girme Jagannath Haribhau || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 6,967 || 23.80% || style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''8,109'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|74 || rowspan="2"|[[Pandharpur Mangal Vedha Assembly constituency|Pandharpur Mangal Vedha]] || rowspan="2"|53.50% || More Jaywant Ghanshyam || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 32,563 || 27.64% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Kamble Maruti Mahadeo || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 27,709 || 23.52%
|-
|75 || [[Wai Khandala Assembly constituency|Wai Khandala]] || 59.67% || Dadasaheb Khasherao Jagtap || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 19,395 || 50.20% || Veer Kisan Mahadeo || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 17,131 || 44.34% || style="background:{{party colour|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|'''2,264'''
|-
|76 || [[Khatav Assembly constituency|Khatav]] || 55.03% || Jadhav Tatya Anandrao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 16,532 || 51.02% || Bhosle Babasaheb Anandrao || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 10,812 || 33.37% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,720'''
|-
|77 || [[Koregaon Assembly constituency|Koregaon]] || 53.88% || Gharge Shankarrao Ganpatrao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 9,112 || 30.71% || Borate Pandurang Kondiba || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 4,536 || 15.29% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,576'''
|-
|78 || [[East Satara Assembly constituency|East Satara]] || 57.24% || Patil Vithal Nanasaheb || {{party name with color|Kamgar Kisan Paksha}} || 9,128 || 33.87% || Hakim Ismail Noormahmad || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 5,022 || 18.63% || style="background:{{party colour|Kamgar Kisan Paksha}}"|'''4,106'''
|-
|79 || [[West Satara Assembly constituency|West Satara]] || 50.56% || Ghorpade Baburao Balasaheb || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 5,414 || 23.41% || Dhane Rajaram Doulu || {{party name with color|Kamgar Kisan Paksha}} || 4,123 || 17.83% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,291'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|80 || rowspan="2"|[[Phaltan Man Assembly constituency|Phaltan Man]] || rowspan="2"|99.14% || Naik Nimbalkar Malojirao Alias Nanasaheb || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 31,633 || 35.00% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|[[Ganpatrao Devji Tapase]] || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 26,887 || 29.75%
|-
|81 || [[Javali Mahbaleshwar Assembly constituency|Javali Mahbaleshwar]] || 66.12% || Shinde Babasaheb Jagdeorao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 10,734 || 47.19% || Tarade Krishnarao Haribhau || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 4,706 || 20.69% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,028'''
|-
|82 || [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan]] || 62.19% || [[Balasaheb Desai|Daulatrao Shripatrao Desai]] || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 17,757 || 50.14% || Chavan Dajisaheb Ramrao || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 17,658 || 49.86% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''99'''
|-
|83 || [[Karad North Assembly constituency|Karad North]] || 67.08% || [[Yashwantrao Chavan|Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan]] || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 15,773 || 50.33% || Keshavrao Patloji Pawar || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 15,565 || 49.67% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''208'''
|-
|84 || [[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South]] || 70.05% || [[Yashwantrao Mohite|Yashwantrao Jijoba Mohite]] || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 13,520 || 40.05% || Thorat Sambhajirao Marutirao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 11,724 || 34.73% || style="background:{{party colour|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|'''1,796'''
|-
|85 || [[Sangli Assembly constituency|Sangli]] || 65.06% || [[Vasantdada Patil|Vasantrao Banduji Patil]] || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 24,579 || 70.95% || Devarshi Anna Baburao || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 7,559 || 21.82% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''17,020'''
|-
|86 || [[Miraj Assembly constituency|Miraj]] || 61.78% || Kalantre Shrimatibai Charudatta || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 20,276 || 58.05% || Mali Dhondiram Tukaram || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 6,229 || 17.83% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''14,047'''
|-
|87 || [[Kavathe Mahankal (Miraj) - Tasgaon (East) Assembly constituency|Kavathe Mahankal (Miraj) - Tasgaon (East)]] || 57.61% || Patil Gundu Dasharath || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 18,963 || 64.23% || Shendage Baburao Dada || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 4,469 || 15.14% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''14,494'''
|-
|88 || [[Tasgaon (West) Assembly constituency|Tasgaon West]] || 70.20% || Suryawanshi Dattajirao Bhaurao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 20,105 || 55.42% || Lad Ganpati Dada || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 7,880 || 21.72% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,225'''
|-
|89 || [[Islampur, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Islampur]] || 63.92% || Patil Sadashiv Dajee || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 16,108 || 47.16% || Naikwadi Nagnath Ramu || {{party name with color|Kamgar Kisan Paksha}} || 9,403 || 27.53% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,705'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|90 || rowspan="2"|[[Khanapur, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Khanapur]] || rowspan="2"|49.97% || Deshmukh Dattajirao Bhausaheb || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 34,268 || 32.33% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Bhingardeve Laxman Babaji || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 28,539 || 26.92%
|-
|91 || [[Jat Assembly constituency|Jat]] || 65.17% || Dafale Vijaysinhrao Ramrao || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 24,021 || 71.27% || Mogali Girmallapapa Kasappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 6,314 || 18.73% || style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''17,707'''
|-
|92 || [[Shirala Walva Assembly constituency|Shirala Walva]] || 57.65% || Babar Sarojini Krishnarao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 11,066 || 36.42% || Patil Yeshwant Chandroji || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 9,727 || 32.01% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,339'''
|-
|93 || [[Shahuwadi Assembly constituency|Shahuwadi]] || 42.09% || Patil Rangrao Namdeo || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 7,560 || 31.18% || Chougule Rangarao Hari || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 5,728 || 23.62% || style="background:{{party colour|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|'''1,832'''
|-
|94 || [[Panhala Bawda Assembly constituency|Panhala Bawda]] || 35.42% || Sawant Atmaram Pandurang || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 6,158 || 30.81% || Sasane Dnyanu Joti || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 5,077 || 25.40% || style="background:{{party colour|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|'''1,081'''
|-
|95 || [[Radhanagari Assembly constituency|Radhanagari]] || 63.84% || Dnyandev Santaram Khandekar || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 12,451 || 40.90% || Patil Balasaheb Krishnarao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 7,839 || 25.75% || style="background:{{party colour|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|'''4,612'''
|-
|96 || [[Shirol Assembly constituency|Shirol]] || 72.21% || Bagade Rajaram Tukaram || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 20,883 || 55.25% || Managave Jinnappa Lingappa || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 8,067 || 21.34% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,816'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|97 || rowspan="2"|[[Hatkanangale Assembly constituency|Hatkanangale]] || rowspan="2"|57.30% || Khanjire Babasaheb Bhausaheb || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 28,519 || 22.69% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Powar Dattatraya Santaram || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 28,495 || 22.68%
|-
|98 || [[Karvir Assembly constituency|Karvir]] || 44.79% || Sarnaik Narayan Tukaram || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 7,004 || 32.03% || Indulkar Ganpatrao Shankarroa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 4,801 || 21.95% || style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''2,203'''
|-
|99 || [[Kolhapur City Assembly constituency|Kolhapur City]] || 51.15% || Baralay Balvant Dhondo || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 10,909 || 34.91% || Jadhav Ganpatrao Govindrao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 8,923 || 28.55% || style="background:{{party colour|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|'''1,986'''
|-
|100 || [[Bhudargad Assembly constituency|Bhudargad Ajra]] || 57.22% || Patil Vishwanath Tukaram || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 10,359 || 33.08% || Desai Amrit Santaji || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 8,383 || 26.77% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,976'''
|-
|101 || [[Gadhinglaj Assembly constituency|Gadhinglaj]] || 69.24% || Shreshti Mahadeo Dundappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 18,419 || 46.09% || Desai Rakhamajirao Bapujirao || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 10,733 || 26.86% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,686'''
|-
|102 || [[Kagal Assembly constituency|Kagal]] || 61.81% || Desai Malharrao Rajaramrao || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 16,443 || 48.21% || Nikam Daulatrao Appasaheb || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 10,354 || 30.36% || style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''6,089'''
|-
|103 || [[Savantwadi Assembly constituency|Savantwadi]] || 43.02% || Bhonsle Prataprao Deorao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 12,058 || 51.80% || Chavan Anand Krishnaji || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 3,177 || 13.65% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,881'''
|-
|104 || [[Mandangad Dapoli Assembly constituency|Mandangad Dapoli]] || 40.24% || Peje Shantaram Laxman || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 9,764 || 45.63% || Parkar Mohmad Abdulla Mulla Ahmed || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 4,714 || 22.03% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,050'''
|-
|105 || [[Dapoli Khed Assembly constituency|Dapoli Khed]] || 45.39% || Parkar Wajuddin Ahmed || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 8,004 || 33.34% || Patne Jagannath Shivram || {{party name with color|Scheduled Castes Federation}} || 4,867 || 20.27% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,137'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|106 || rowspan="2"|[[Chiplun Khed Assembly constituency|Chiplun Khed]] || rowspan="2"|33.48% || Khedekar Sudkoji Baburao || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 17,022 || 23.60% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Shetye Tukaram Krishna || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 16,882 || 23.40%
|-
|107 || [[Guhagar Assembly constituency|Guhagar]] || 34.31% || Pawar Mahadeo Ramchandra || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 6,296 || 34.93% || Vilankar Yeshwant Bhikaji || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 3,781 || 20.98% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,515'''
|-
|108 || [[Sangameshwar Assembly constituency|Sangameshwar]] || 44.45% || Shirke Ramdas Bhausaheb || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,535 || 52.75% || Vichare Arjun Bapuji || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 5,495 || 21.42% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,040'''
|-
|109 || [[Ratnagiri Assembly constituency|Ratnagiri]] || 41.56% || Surwe Sitaram Nana || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 10,699 || 50.86% || Shetye Jairam Balkirshna Alias Bhai || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 5,512 || 26.20% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,187'''
|-
|110 || [[Lanja Assembly constituency|Lanja]] || 32.49% || Kalambate Vithal Ganesh || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 7,831 || 39.32% || Athiye Shashishekhar Kashinath || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 6,288 || 31.58% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,543'''
|-
|111 || [[Rajapur Assembly constituency|Rajapur]] || 33.39% || Subhedar Sitaram Murari || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 7,618 || 41.06% || Narkar Gopal Balkrishna || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 4,261 || 22.96% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,357'''
|-
|112 || [[Deogad Assembly constituency|Deogad]] || 35.97% || Rane Waman Nagoji || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 7,193 || 40.61% || Kode Dattatray Balkrishna || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 6,751 || 38.11% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''442'''
|-
|113 || [[Kankavli Assembly constituency|Kankavli]] || 34.31% || Rane Keshav Vyankatesh || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 7,246 || 38.08% || Gholkar Shankar Shripad || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 5,004 || 26.30% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,242'''
|-
|114 || [[Malvan Assembly constituency|Malvan]] || 42.53% || Mahajan Shripad Sadashiv || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 7,796 || 38.34% || Manjarekar Shridhar Balkrishna || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 6,041 || 29.71% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,755'''
|-
|115 || [[Vengurla Assembly constituency|Vengurla]] || 50.26% || Sawant Parsharam Krishnaji || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 10,608 || 38.88% || Varadkar Madhukar Vithal || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 7,080 || 25.95% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,528'''
|-
|116 || [[Kudal Assembly constituency|Kudal]] || 43.23% || Dhond Jagnnath Sitaram || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 7,629 || 35.87% || Kinalekar Pundlik Atmaram || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 6,651 || 31.27% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''978'''
|-
|117 || [[Colaba Fort Assembly constituency|Colaba Fort]] || 50.22% || Parikh Nathalal Dayabhai || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 12,236 || 47.62% || Sabawala Sharookh Ardeshir || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 9,077 || 35.33% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,159'''
|-
|118 || [[Boribunder Marine Lines Assembly constituency|Boribunder Marine Lines]] || 49.99% || Narola Kailas Narain Shivanarain Alias Dr. Kailas || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,670 || 50.98% || Hutheesing Gunottam Purshottam || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 10,194 || 38.02% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,476'''
|-
|119 || [[Chakla Mandvi Chinch Bunder Assembly constituency|Chakla Mandvi Chinch Bunder]] || 45.21% || Salebhai Abdul Kadar || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 16,485 || 72.11% || Tayabani Sale Mohmed Tayab || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 5,573 || 24.38% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''10,912'''
|-
|120 || [[Umarkhadi Dongri Wadi Bunder Assembly constituency|Umarkhadi Dongri Wadi Bunder]] || 52.84% || Divgi Bhawanishankar Padmanabha || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,712 || 49.45% || Harris Moinuddin Burhanuddin || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 13,166 || 47.48% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''546'''
|-
|121 || [[Kharatalao Kumbharwada Assembly constituency|Kharatalao Kumbharwada]] || 52.95% || Bandukwala Ishakbhai Abbasbhai || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,306 || 69.56% || Hooseini Salebhoy || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 6,947 || 25.03% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,359'''
|-
|122 || [[Bhuleshwar Market Assembly constituency|Bhuleshwar Market]] || 55.79% || Shah Kodardas Kalidas || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 21,046 || 68.56% || Mehta Vimla Gordhandas || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 4,060 || 13.23% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''16,986'''
|-
|123 || [[Chira Bazar Thakurdwar Fanaswadi Assembly constituency|Chira Bazar Thakurdwar Fanaswadi]] || 59.67% || Yagnik Bhanushankar Manchharam || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 17,812 || 53.48% || Samant Yeshwant Atmaram || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 9,336 || 28.03% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,476'''
|-
|124 || [[Girgaum Khetwadi Assembly constituency|Girgaum Khetwadi]] || 57.57% || Banker Lilavati Dhirajlal || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 14,410 || 48.39% || Kavlekar Sushil Shreeniwas || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 8,191 || 27.51% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,219'''
|-
|125 || [[Chaupati Grant Road Tardeo Assembly constituency|Chaupati Grant Road Tardeo]] || 56.37% || Bharucha, Naushir Cursetji || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 13,798 || 45.18% || Sathe, Kashibai Ramchandra || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,027 || 42.65% || style="background:{{party colour|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}}"|'''771'''
|-
|126 || [[Walkeshwar Mahalaxmi Assembly constituency|Walkeshwar Mahalaxmi]] || 52.11% || Taleyarkhan, Homi Jehangirji || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 9,664 || 36.41% || Dave, Rohit Manushankar || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 6,306 || 23.76% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,358'''
|-
|127 || [[Agripada Madanpura Foras Road Chunna Bhatti Assembly constituency|Agripada Madanpura Foras Road Chunna Bhatti]] || 48.82% || Mohamed, Taher Habib || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 12,276 || 50.08% || Shaikh, Adam Adil || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 8,750 || 35.70% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,526'''
|-
|128 || [[Kamathipura Nagpada Assembly constituency|Kamathipura Nagpada]] || 46.77% || Tulla, Vishwanathrao Rajanna || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 12,321 || 49.37% || Peerbhoy Akbar Abedin || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 8,456 || 33.88% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,865'''
|-
|129 || [[Mazgaon Ghodapdeo Assembly constituency|Mazgaon Ghodapdeo]] || 48.34% || Mascarenhas Mafaldo Ubaldo || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 12,891 || 50.51% || Dmello Placid Raymond || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 8,932 || 34.99% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,959'''
|-
|130 || [[Tank Pakhadi Byculla West Kalachowki West Assembly constituency|Tank Pakhadi Byculla West Kalachowki West]] || 57.47% || Silam, Sayaji Lakshman || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 14,714 || 48.48% || Mahajani, Damodar Ganesh || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 8,103 || 26.70% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,611'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|131 || rowspan="2"|[[Sewri Kalachowki-Naigam Vadala Assembly constituency|Sewri Kalachowki-Naigam Vadala]] || rowspan="2"|47.98% || Mane, Madhav Ganpatrao || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 23,596 || 23.03% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Shivtarkar, Sitaram Namdeo || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,890 || 19.41%
|-
|132 || [[Lalbaug Parel Assembly constituency|Lalbaug Parel]] || 61.07% || Desai, Madhav Dattatraya || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 11,756 || 38.83% || Donde, Moreshwar Vasudeo || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 8,203 || 27.09% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,553'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|133 || rowspan="2"|[[Chinchpokli Lower Parel Love Grove Assembly constituency|Chinchpokli Lower Parel Love Grove]] || rowspan="2"|47.38% || Jha, Bhagirath Sadanand || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 23,503 || 24.71% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Kamble, Bapu Chandrasen || {{party name with color|Scheduled Castes Federation}} || 20,550 || 21.61%
|-
|134 || [[Worli Prabhadevi Assembly constituency|Worli Prabhadevi]] || 54.65% || Madhav Narayan Birje || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 8,434 || 30.08% || Peter Alvares || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 7,029 || 25.07% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,405'''
|-
|135 || [[Dadar Saitan Chowky Assembly constituency|Dadar Saitanchowky]] || 61.72% || Trimbak Ramchandra Naravne || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 15,058 || 45.11% || Atre, Pralhad Keshav || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 13,248 || 39.69% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,810'''
|-
|136 || [[Matunga Sion Koliwada Assembly constituency|Matunga Sion Koliwada]] || 57.20% || Subramaniam Salivati || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 14,588 || 46.87% || Bhat,. U. U || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 8,880 || 28.53% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''5,708'''
|-
|137 || [[Mahim Dharavi Assembly constituency|Mahim Dharavi]] || 54.53% || Mohammad, Abdul Latif || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,326 || 43.21% || Pinto, Frederick Michael (Peter) || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 11,737 || 38.06% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,589'''
|-
|138 || [[Kurla Bandra East Assembly constituency|Kurla Bandra East]] || 57.07% || Oza, Indravadan Manmohanrai || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,366 || 45.53% || Kulkarni, Rajabhau Gopal || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 11,048 || 37.63% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,318'''
|-
|139 || [[Bandra Khar Juhu Assembly constituency|Bandra Khar Juhu]] || 53.75% || Wandrekar, Dattatraya Nathoba || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,062 || 44.67% || Awsare, Kashibal Vasant || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 11,305 || 38.66% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,757'''
|-
|140 || [[Vile Parle Andheri Versova Assembly constituency|Vile Parle Andheri Versova]] || 51.53% || Shah, Shantilal Harjivan || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 12,373 || 44.88% || Parekh, Abdusatar Musa || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 7,606 || 27.59% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,767'''
|-
|141 || [[Chembur-Ghatkopar and Villages and Sion North Assembly constituency|Chembur-Ghatkopar and Villages and Sion North]] || 54.26% || Mehta, Ratilal Bechardas || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 14,804 || 50.75% || Bulchandani Ramchand Kishinchand || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}} || 7,698 || 26.39% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,106'''
|-
| 142 || [[Chandgad Assembly constituency|Chandgad]] (later merged into '''Maharashtra State''') || 68.62% || Patil Vithal Sitaram || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} ||22,125||62.51% ||Desai Venkat Paravatrao ||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||13,272 ||37.49% ||
|}

===[[Mysore State]]===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Results by constituency |
* Winner, runner-up, voter turnout, and victory margin in every constituency
! colspan="2" |Assembly Constituency
!Turnout
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner Up
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Margin
|-
! #k
! Names
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
|-
|-
|1 || [[Khanapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Khanapur]] || 75.62% || Aragavi Basappa Shiddalingappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 18,264 || 44.81% || Laxman Balaji Birje || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 16,856 || 41.36% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''1,408'''
|-
|2 || [[Bailhongal Assembly constituency|Bailhongal]] || 67.11% || Metgud Holibasappa Shivalingappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 23,816 || 60.66% || Angadi Shanmukhappa Ningappa || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 15,447 || 39.34% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,369'''
|-
|3 || [[Athani Assembly constituency|Athani]] || 53.01% || Patil Narasgauda Yelagonda || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 16,719 || 68.89% || Kulkarni Anantrao Balkrishna || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 3,362 || 13.85% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''13,357'''
|-
|4 || [[Athani Chikodi Assembly constituency|Athani Chikodi]] || 69.07% || Gunjal Padmappa Hariyappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 15,577 || 50.82% || Powar Desai Dhairyashilrao Bhojraj || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 7,110 || 23.20% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,467'''
|-
|5 || [[Raibag Assembly constituency|Chikodi Raibagh]] || 71.41% || [[V. L. Patil|Vasanthrao Lakangouda Patil]] || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 16,410 || 56.48% || Dalavai Ningappa Bahadur || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 12,647 || 43.52% || style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''3,763'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|6 || rowspan="2"|[[Chikkodi Assembly constituency|Chikodi]] || rowspan="2"|69.07% || Kothavale Shankar Dadoba || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 37,217 || 27.74% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Shreyakar Radhabai Maruti || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 32,473 || 24.21%
|-
|7 || [[Gokak Assembly constituency|Gokak]] || 56.54% || Panchagavi Appana Ramappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 22,316 || 71.17% || Mamdapur Basawantappa Balappa || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 9,042 || 28.83% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''13,274'''
|-
|8 || [[Konnur Assembly constituency|Konnur]] || 58.59% || Shaikh Khadirsab Abdulsab || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 22,200 || 67.95% || Angadi Padmavati Shanmukhappa || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 5,926 || 18.14% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''16,274'''
|-
|9 || [[Parasgad Assembly constituency|Parasgad]] || 63.46% || Kaujalgi Hemappa Veerbhadrappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 21,599 || 55.52% || Patil Rayangouda Lingangouda || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 17,303 || 44.48% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,296'''
|-
|10 || [[Belagavi City Assembly constituency|Belgaum Urban]] || 62.46% || Dalvi Bhujang Keshav || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 14,732 || 45.16% || Potdar Bhimaji Balaji || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 11,812 || 36.21% || style="background:{{party colour|Independent politician}}"|'''2,920'''
|-
|11 || [[Belgaum Rural Assembly constituency|Belgaum Rural]] || 69.07% || [[Sadashiv Bhosle]] || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,138 || 49.04% || Desai Govindrao Shamrao || {{party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}} || 12,809 || 32.82% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,329'''
|-
|12 || [[Hukkeri Assembly constituency|Hukeri]] || 67.18% || Malgouda Punagouda Patil || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 24,568 || 69.22% || Kalagouda Balasaheb Patil || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 8,990 || 25.33% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''15,578'''
|-
|13 || [[Ramdurg Assembly constituency|Ramdurg]] || 64.04% || Mumbaraddi Hanamanta Yallappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,078 || 65.50% || Patil Lingangouda Andanigouda || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 10,049 || 34.50% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,029'''
|-
|14 || [[Haliyal Assembly constituency|Haliyal Yellapur Supa]] || 54.54% || Kamat Ramchandra Gopal || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 13,372 || 50.87% || Gadhi Virupakshappa Mallappa || {{party name with color|Samajwadi Party}} || 6,847 || 26.05% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,525'''
|-
|15 || [[Ankola Assembly constituency|Ankola Karwar]] || 55.29% || Kadam Balso Purso || {{party name with color|Samajwadi Party}} || 9,454 || 34.21% || Gaonkar Sannappa Parmeshwar || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 7,364 || 26.65% || style="background:{{party colour|Samajwadi Party}}"|'''2,090'''
|-
|16 || [[Kumta Assembly constituency|Kumta Honavar]] || 60.22% || Ramkrishna Biranna Naik || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 15,079 || 44.99% || Narayan Gopal Naik || {{party name with color|Samajwadi Party}} || 11,095 || 33.10% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''3,984'''
|-
|17 || [[Honnavar Assembly constituency|Honnavar]] || 55.37% || Kamat Ramkrishna Narsinh || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 10,888 || 35.61% || Naik Devendra Kalinga || {{party name with color|Socialist Party (India)}} || 8,770 || 28.68% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,118'''
|-
|18 || [[Siddapur Sirsi Mundgod Assembly constituency|Siddapur Sirsi Mundgod]] || 67.92% || Timmappa Manjappa Motansar Hegde || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 25,535 || 77.42% || Chaudhri Venkojirao Hanumantrao || {{party name with color|Samajwadi Party}} || 7,446 || 22.58% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''18,089'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|19 || rowspan="2"|[[Indi Assembly constituency|Indi Sindgi]] || rowspan="2"|39.17% || Mallappa Karabasappa Surpur || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 30,322 || 36.56% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Kabadi Jattappa Laxman || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 30,231 || 36.45%
|-
|20 || [[Hippargi Bagewadi Assembly constituency|Hippargi Bagewadi]] || 45.09% || Shankargouda Yeshwantgouda Patil || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 17,752 || 76.32% || Nandi Savaligeppa Guralingappa || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 5,507 || 23.68% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,245'''
|-
|21 || [[Bijapur, Karnataka Assembly constituency|Bijapur]] || 50.65% || Patil Mallangauda Ramangauda || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 10,406 || 38.24% || Balsing Nabisa Muktumsa || {{party name with color|Communist Party of India}} || 6,069 || 22.30% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,337'''
|-
|22 || [[Managoli Bableswar Assembly constituency|Managoli Bableswar]] || 51.22% || Shivapgauda Bapugauda Patil || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,437 || 73.23% || Payannavar Basappa Ramappa || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 6,007 || 22.63% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''13,430'''
|-
|23 || [[Tikota Assembly constituency|Tikota Bilgi]] || 61.34% || Ambli Chanbasappa Jagdevappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 21,042 || 62.61% || Patil Rayongouda Madwailappa || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 9,001 || 26.78% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''12,041'''
|-
|24 || [[Muddebihal Assembly constituency|Muddebihal]] || 48.65% || Pranesh Sidhanti || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 16,627 || 65.16% || Patil Bhimangouda Dodappa || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 7,745 || 30.35% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,882'''
|-
|25 || [[Jamkhandi Assembly constituency|Jamkhandi]] || 60.62% || [[B. D. Jatti|Basappa Danappa Jatti]] || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 24,020 || 62.88% || Murgod Mahadevappa Shivappa || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 6,618 || 17.32% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''17,402'''
|-
|26 || [[Mudhol Assembly constituency|Mudhol]] || 56.72% || Hiralal Bandulal Shah || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,340 || 70.96% || Nadgouda Krishnappa Pandappa || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 3,606 || 13.23% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''15,734'''
|-
|27 || [[Bagalkot Assembly constituency|Bagalkot]] || 64.57% || Muranal Basappa Tammanna || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 24,927 || 78.52% || Desai Gurasiddappa Kadappa || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 6,819 || 21.48% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''18,108'''
|-
|28 || [[Badami Assembly constituency|Badami]] || 64.14% || Venkanagouda Hanumantagouda Patil || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,186 || 65.12% || Desai Shankarappagouda Basalingappagouda || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 10,276 || 34.88% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''8,910'''
|-
|29 || [[Guledgud Assembly constituency|Guledgud Kamatgi]] || 70.66% || Madivalappa Rudrappa Pattanshetti || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 22,571 || 71.05% || Nanjjayyanamath Gadagaya Parayya || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 9,199 || 28.95% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''13,372'''
|-
|30 || [[Hungund Assembly constituency|Hungund]] || 69.15% || Kanthi Shivlingappaa Rudrappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 23,128 || 72.33% || Desai Shankargauda Basalingappagauda || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 6,115 || 19.12% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''17,013'''
|-
|31 || [[Dharwad Assembly constituency|Dharwar]] || 61.49% || Hasansab Maktumsab Dasanakop || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 15,210 || 51.93% || Basawaraj Ayyappa Desai || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 13,068 || 44.61% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''2,142'''
|-
|32 || [[Kalghatgi Assembly constituency|Dharwar Kalghatgi]] || 55.83% || Tambakad Basawannappa Ramappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 15,010 || 57.08% || Patil Basanagauda Chanabasanagauda || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 7,663 || 29.14% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''7,347'''
|- style=background:#efefff;
|rowspan="2"|33 || rowspan="2"|[[Hubli City Assembly constituency|Hubli]] || rowspan="2"|46.38% || Dundur Kalmeshwar Basaweshwar || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 23,962 || 24.66% || colspan="6" rowspan="2" |
|- style=background:#efefff;
|Sambrani Dharamappa Yallappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 20,653 || 21.25%
|-
|34 || [[Nargund Assembly constituency|Naval Gund Nar Gund]] || 63.63% || Adiveppagouda Siddanagouda Patil || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 25,576 || 70.27% || Nalawadi, Girmallappa Rachappa || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 10,822 || 29.73% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''14,754'''
|-
|35 || [[Ron Assembly constituency|Ron]] || 66.31% || [[Andanappa Doddameti]] || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 25,585 || 70.34% || Patil Veerangauda Kalangauda || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 10,789 || 29.66% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''14,796'''
|-
|36 || [[Gadag Assembly constituency|Gadag]] || 58.32% || Gadag Kuberappa Parappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 18,813 || 60.25% || Kashappagouda Sanganagouda Patil || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 12,412 || 39.75% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''6,401'''
|-
|37 || [[Mundargi Assembly constituency|Gadag Mundargi]] || 66.32% || Chanabasappa Sadashivappa Hulkoti || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,270 || 62.59% || Patil, Fakirgouda Goudappagouda || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 9,152 || 29.72% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''10,118'''
|-
|38 || [[Shirahatti Assembly constituency|Shirahatti]] || 64.28% || Magadi, Venkatesh Timmanna || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,604 || 53.48% || Salimath, Shivilingappa Shivapujaya || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 9,613 || 26.22% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''9,991'''
|-
|39 || [[Shiggaon Assembly constituency|Shiggaon]] || 58.12% || Hurali Koppi Mallappa Basappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 17,302 || 64.54% || Gadigeppagouda Chanbasangouda Patil || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 6,831 || 25.48% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''10,471'''
|-
|40 || [[Haveri Assembly constituency|Haveri]] || 69.37% || Hallikeri Gudleppa Veerappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 19,879 || 50.38% || Gurushantappa Gurubasappa Magavi || {{party name with color|Independent politician}} || 19,578 || 49.62% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''301'''
|-
|41 || [[Ranibennur Assembly constituency|Ranebennur]] || 69.10% || Kallanagouda Fakirgouda Patil || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 26,946 || 70.28% || Kulkarni, Hanmantrao Chikko || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 9,986 || 26.04% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''16,960'''
|-
|42 || [[Hirekerur Assembly constituency|Hirekerur]] || 64.84% || Veeranagouda Veerbasagouda Patil || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 18,323 || 53.33% || Basalengappagouda Doddagouda Patil || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 13,893 || 40.44% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''4,430'''
|-
|43 || [[Hangal Assembly constituency|Hangal]] || 57.90% || Sindhur Siddappa Chandbasappa || {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}} || 24,019 || 73.43% || Basanagouda Rudragouda Patil || {{party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}} || 8,693 || 26.57% || style="background:{{party colour|Indian National Congress}}"|'''15,326'''
|}

===Gujarat===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Constituency
!Reserved for ([[Scheduled Tribes|ST]]/none)
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan="5" |Gujarat State
|-
| rowspan=2|Palanpur Abu Vadgam Danta || None || Vasia Gama Fata || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Chodhary Galba Nanji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Palanpur Deesa || None || Yusuf Miyanji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Deesa Dhanera || None ||Joshi Popatlal Mulshanker|| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Deodar Kankrej Wav Tharad || None || Solanki Joitaram Ajaji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Shah Shantilal Sarupchand || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Amreeli Damnagar || None || Mehta Jivraj Narayan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Ghogho Kodinar || None || Barod Bhagvan Bhabhabhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Okhamandal Dhari Khambha || None || Senjalia Mohanlal Virjibhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Kadi || None || Patel Purshottamdas Ranchhoddas || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Vijapur South || None || Patel Mansingh Pruthviraj || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Vijapur North || None || Patel Kacharabhai Kanjidas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Mehsana South || None || Patel Keshavlal Bholidas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Kalol || None || Sheth Bhagwandas Mayachand || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Mahsana North Patan || None || Patel Hargovan Dhanabhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Santalpur Radhanpur Sami || None || Vakharia Maneklal Nathalal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| East Sidhapur || None || Patel Mafatlal Motilal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Kheralu || None || Thakore Shankarji Okhaji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| West Sidhpur East Patan || None || Patel Dayalji Tribhovan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Chanasma Harij Patan || None || Chavda Khemchandbhai Somabhai || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| None || Kilachand Ramdas Kilachand || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Visnagar || None || Patel Shivabhai Prabhudas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Idar || None || Maharajkumar Daljitsinhji Himatsinhji || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| None || Patel Madhubhai Revaji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Prantij Bayad Malpur || None || Patel Gopaldas Venidas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Solanki Parshottam Jethabhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Modasa Meghraj || None || Soni Ramanlal Pitambardas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Himatnagar || None || Shukla Gangaram Kiripashankar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Garasia Khemji Rupaji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Dehgam || None || Jivanbhai Khodidas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Ahmedabad City No I || None || Mehta Vrajlal Keshavlal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Ahmedabad City No II || None || Patel Jaykrishna Harivallabhadas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Ahmedabad City No III || None || Indumati Chimanlal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Ahmedabad City No IV || None || Chiapa Mohmad Sharif Alrakhji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Ahmedabad City No V || None || Vasavda Shamprasad Rupshankar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Ahmedabad City No VI || None || Dave Somnath Prabhashankar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Ahmedabad City No VII || None || Vaghela Keshavji Ranchhodji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Ahmedabad City No VIII || None || Madanmohan Mangaldas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Dhanduka || None || Kureshi Gulamrasul Miyasaheb || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Sanand || None || Shantilal Trikamlal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Viramgam || None || Patel Maganbhai Ranchhodhbai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Dholka || None || Shah Maneklal Chunilal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Daskroi || None || Chhotalal Jivabhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Ahmedabad City Taluka || None || Mehta Bhavanishankar Bapuji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Nadiad South || None || Patel Babubhai Jashbhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Nadiad North || None || Vadodia Udesinh Virsinh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Matar Cambay || None || Vankar Alabhai Nathubhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Shah Madhavlal Bhailal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Mehmedabad || None || Modi Maneklal Chunilal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Bala Sinor Kapadvanj || None || Chauhan Chaturbhai Jethabhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Kapadvanj || None || Shah Sankarlal Harjivandas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Anand North || None || Solanki Natvarsinhji Keshrisinhji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Patel Shanubhai Mahijibhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Borsad No I || None || Patel Shivabhai Ranchhodbhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Borsad No II || None || Chavda Ishwarbhai Khodabhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Petlad North || None || Patel Bhaskar Rambhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Petlad South || None || Parikh Manilal Prabhudas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Thasra || None || Zamindar Fazle Abbas Taibali || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Lunawada Santrampur || None || Patel Jayantilal Zaverbhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Bhabhor Tersinh Motisinh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Dohad || ST || Solanki Jawsing Mansing || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Jhalod || ST || Ninama Lalchand Dhulabhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Godhra || None || Rajput Dahyabhai Lallubhai || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Shera-limkheda, East Baria || None || Nisarta Virsinghbhai Kanjibhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Patel Pratapsing Hirabhai || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Kalol || None || Rathod Mohanbhai Manabhai || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| West Baria || None || Desai Induben Nanubhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Baroda City || None || Sutaria Chhotabhai Zaverbhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Baroda Waghodia || None || Patel Maganbhai Shankarbhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Chauhan Mithabhai Ramjibhai || {{Full party name with color|Krishikar Lok Party}}
|-
| Padra || None || Shah Jaswantlal Saubhagyachand || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Karjan Sinor || None || Patel Chinubhai Kishorbhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Dabhoi || None || Shah Ambalal Chhotalal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Savil || None || Pathak Manilal Hargovindas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Naswadi || ST || Tadvi Bhulabhai Dulabhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Sankheda || ST || Tadvi Bhanabhai Gulabbhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Chho Ta Udepur || ST || Tadvi Bhaijibhai Garbadbhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Jambusar || None || Patel Chhotubhai Makanbhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Broach || None || Desai Dinkarrao Narbheram || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Vagar Amod || None || Patel Ibrahim Alibhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Anlkeswar Hansot Jaghadia Valia || None || Mohan Narsi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Harisinhji Bhagubhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Nandod Dadiapada Sagbara || None || Bucher Dalpat Alias Damji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Surat City East || None || Chokhawala Gordhandas Ranchhoddas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Popawala Ranchhodas Tribhowandas || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Surat City West || None || Golandaz Mohmad Hussain Abdul Samad || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Chorasi || None || Mehta Kalyanji Vithalbhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Navsari || None || Patel Lallubhai Makanji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Rathod Naranbhai Madhavbhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Gandevi || None || Naik Kikubhai Gulabbhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Bulsar Chikhli || None || Desai Moraji Ranchhodji || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Desai Amul Maganlal ||{{party color cell|Socialist Party}} || [[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party of India]]
|-
| Pardi || None || Patel Rewla Sukar || {{party color cell|Socialist Party}} || [[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party of India]]
|-
| Dharampur || ST || Atara Bhika Zina || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|rowspan=2| Bardoli Valod Palasana Mahuva || None || Patel Makanji Purshottam || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Dhodia Khushalbhai Dhanabhail || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Songadh North Vyara || ST || Chaudhuri Vanmali Tangania || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Bansda South Vyara || ST || Patel Madhubhai Jaysinh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan=2|Olpad Mangrol Mandvi Kamrej || None || Patel Prabhubhai Dhanabhai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| None || Patel Chhotubl Vanmalidas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

==State reorganization==
On 1 November 1956, under [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]], [[Bombay State|Bombay state]] was enlarged by the addition of [[Saurashtra State|Saurashtra state]] and [[Kutch State|Kutch state]], the Marathi-speaking districts of [[Nagpur Division]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], and the Marathi speaking [[Marathwada]] region of Hyderabad. The state's southernmost Kannada-speaking districts of Dharwar, Bijapur, North Kanara and Belgaum (excluding the Chandgad taluk) were transferred to [[Mysore State|Mysore state]], while Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district was transferred to [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="1955ReorgStates">{{cite web | url=http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1955_7/42/reorganisation_of_statesthe_approach_and_arrangements.pdf | title=Reorganisation of States, 1955 | publisher=The Economic Weekly | date=15 October 1955 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110102842/https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1955_7/42/reorganisation_of_statesthe_approach_and_arrangements.pdf |archive-date=10 November 2013| access-date=25 July 2015}}</ref> Hence the constituencies increased from 315 to 396 in 1957 elections.

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Bombay State]]
* [[1951–52 elections in India]]
* [[1957 Bombay Legislative Assembly election]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Maharashtra elections}}

[[Category:1952 State Assembly elections in India|Bombay]]
[[Category:1950s in Mumbai]]
[[Category:March 1952 in Asia]]
[[Category:Bombay State Legislative Assembly elections]]

List of colleges affiliated to the Gauhati University

2026-04-09T14:58:13Z

RoseKort2620073: Details

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}


==B.ED colleges==

*Nazir Ajmal Memorial College of Education, Hojai, Assam
*Anunduram Baruah Academy B.Ed. College, Pathsala (Barpeta)
*Asom Sikshak Prashiksan Mahavidyalaya, Lankeswar
*Ataur Rahman College of Education, Udmari Kalgachi (Barpeta)
*Baihata Chariali B.Ed. College, Baihata Chariali (Kamrup)
*Bajali Teacher's Training College, Pattacharkuchi, Barpeta.
*Barnagar B.Ed. College, Sorbhog (Barpeta)
*Barpeta B.T. College (Barpeta)
*Biswanath College of Education, Chariali (Sonitpur)
*Bongaigaon B.Ed. College, Bongaigaon
*College of Education Boko Kamrup
*College of Education, Guwahati (Kamrup)
*College of Education, Morigaon
*College of Education, Nagaon
*Dr. Anita Baruah Sarmah College of Education, Guwahati (Kamrup)
*Dakshin Guwahati B.Ed. College, Guwahati
*Damdama B.Ed. College, Kulhati (Kamrup)
*Deomornoi B.Ed. College, Deomornoi (Darrang)
*Dhubri P.G.T.T. College, Jhagrarpar (Dhubri)
*Dudhnoi Teachers Training College, Dudhnoi (Goalpara)
*East Gauhati B.Ed. College, Guwahati
*Faculty College of Education, North Gauhati (Kamrup)
*Gossaigaon B.Ed. College, Gossaigaon (Kokrajhar)
*Govt. B.T. College, Goalpara
*Govt. Banikanta College of Teacher Education, Guwahati (Kamrup)
*Govt. College of Teacher's Education, Kokrajhar (Kokrajhar)
*Govt. College of Teacher's Education, Tezpur (Sonitpur)
*Imperial College of Education, Dispur (Kamrup)
*K.R.D. College of Education, Chhaygaon (Kamrup)
*Kaliabor College of Education, Kuwaritol (Nagaon)
*Krishna Bora B.Ed. College, Lanka ASSAM
*Mangaldai Govt. Teachers' Training College, Mangaldai (Darrang)
*Nalbari B.Ed. College, Nalbari
*National Institute for Teacher Education, Khetri (Kamrup)
*P.G. College of Education, Tezpur (Sonitpur)
*Pachim Nalbari B.Ed. College, Nalbari (Nalbari)
*Pragjyotish B.Ed. College, Pacharia
*R.C Saharia T.T College, Tangla Udalguri
*Rangia Teacher Training College, Rangia (Kamrup)
*SDP College of Teacher Education, Tihu
*Sikshan Mahavidyalaya, Nagaon
*Sipajhar B.Ed. College, Sipajhar (Darrang
*Teacher's training college, Mirza.
*West Guwahati College of Education, kotihati
* HAM-AK Rural College of Education, Shillongani, Nagaon

==Law colleges==



*Ajmal Law College, Hojai
*Barpeta Law College Barpeta
*Bongaigaon Law College, [[Bongaigaon]]
*[[BRM Government Law College]], Kamrup
*[[Dhubri Law College]]
*[[Dispur Law College]]
*Goalpara Law College, Goalpara
*J.B. Law College, Kamrup
*Kokrajhar Law College
*Mangaldai Law College, Darrang
*[[Morigaon Law College]], Morigaon
*Nalbari Law College
*[[NEF Law College]]
*[[Nowgong Law College]]
*[[Tezpur Law College]]
*University Law College, GU

==List of other colleges in alphabetical order==

===A===
*A.C.A. jr College, Missamari (Biswanath)
*A.D.P. College, Nagaon (Nagaon)
*[[Abhayapuri College]], Abhayapuri (Bongaigaon)
*Agia College, Agia (Goalpara)
*Alamganj Rangamati College, Alamganj (Dhubri)
*Alhaz Sunai Bibi Choudhury College, Lanka (Nagaon)
*Amrit Chandra Thakuria Commerce College (Kamrup)
*Anandaram Dhekial Phookan College, Nagaon.
*[[Arya Vidyapeeth College|Arya Vidyapeeth College (Autonomous)]] Guwahati.

===B===
*B.H.B. College, Sarupeta (Barpeta)
*[[Bagadhar Brahma Kishan College, Jalahghat]] (Baksa)
*[[Bimala Prasad Chaliha College]], Nagarbera (Kamrup)
*[[B. Borooah College]], Guwahati (Kamrup)
*Baihata Chariali B.Ed. College, Baihata Chariali (Kamrup)
*Bajali College, Pathsala (Barpeta) (Now Bhattadev University, not an affiliated college)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-16 |title=About Gauhati University |url=https://assamcareer.blog/gauhati-university-result/ |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=AssamCareer}}</ref>
*Bamundi Mahavidyalaya, Bamundi (Kamrup)
*Baosi Banikanta Kakoti College, Nagaon (Barpeta)
*Bapujee College, Sarthebari (Barpeta)
*Barama College, Barama (Baksa)
*Barbhag College, Kalag (Nalbari)
*Barkhetri College, Mukalmua (Nalbari)
*Barnagar B.Ed. College, Sorbhog (Barpeta)
*[[Barnagar College]], Sorbhog (Barpeta)
*Barpeta Bongaigaon College, Langla (Barpeta)
*Barpeta College, Barpeta
*Barpeta Girls' College, Barpeta
*Barpeta Road Howli College, Howli (Barpeta)
*Baska College, Baganpara (Baksa)
*Basugaon College, Basugaon (Chirang)
*Batadraba Sri Sri Sankardev College, Batadraba (Nagaon)
*Behali Degree College, [[Borgang]] (Sonitpur)
*Beinstein College, Lokhora
*Beltola College, Guwahati
*Bengtol College, Bengtol (Chirang)
*Bezara Anchalik College, Bezara (Kamrup)
*Bhawanipur Anchalik College, Bhawanipur (Barpeta)
*[[Bholanath College]], Dhubri
*Bhuragaon College, Bhuragaon (Morigaon)
*Bijni College, Bijni (Chirang)
*[[Bikali College]], Dhupdhara (Goalpara)
*Bilasipara College, Bilasipara (Dhubri)
*Binandi Chandra Medhi College, Ramdia (Kamrup)
*Birjhora Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Bongaigaon (Bongaigaon)
*Birjhora Mahavidyalaya, Bongaigaon (Bongaigaon)
*Biswanath College of Education, Chariali (Sonitpur)
*Biswanath Commerce College, Biswanath (Sonitpur)
*BMBB Commerce College, Guwahati
*Bodofa U.N. Brahma College, Dotma (Kokrajhar)
*Bongaigaon B.Ed. College, Bongaigaon
*Bongaigaon College, Bongaigaon
*Bajali Teacher's Training College, Pattacharkuchi, Barpeta.

===C===
*[[Chaiduar College]], Gohpur (Sonitpur)
*Chhamaria Anchalik College, Chhamaria (Kamrup)
*Chandrapur College, Chandrapur (Kamrup)
*Charaibahi College, Charaibahi (Morigaon)
*Chariduar College, Gohpur (Sonitpur)
*[[Chatia College]], Sootia (Sonitpur)
*Chhaygaon College, Chhaygaon (Kamrup)
*[[Chilarai College]], Golakganj (Dhubri)
*Chunari College (chunari)
*College of Education, Boko (Kamrup)
*College of Education, Guwahati (Kamrup)
*College of Education, Morigaon
*College of Education, Nagaon
*Commerce College, Kokrajhar (Kokrajhar)

===D===
*Dr. Anita Baruah Sarmah College of Education, Guwahati (Kamrup)
*[[Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute]]
*Dr. B. K. B. College, Puranigudam (Nagaon)
*Dr. Birinchi Kumar Barooah College, Puranigudam (Nagaon)
*Dakshin Guwahati B.Ed. College, Guwahati
*[[Dakshin Kamrup College]], Mirza (Kamrup)
*[[Dakshin Kamrup Girls' College]], Mirza (Kamrup)
*Dakshin Nalbari Mahavidyalaya, Niz-Bahjani (Nalbari)
*Dakshinpat College, Bhomoraguri (Nagaon)
*Dalgoma Anchalik College, Matia (Goalpara)
*Damdama B.Ed. College, Kulhati (Kamrup)
*Damdama College, Kulhati (Kamrup)
*[[Darrang College]], Tezpur (Sonitpur)
*Deomornoi B.Ed. College, Deomornoi (Darrang)
*Deomornoi Degree College, Deomornoi (Darrang)
*[[Dhamdhama Anchalik College]], Dhamdhama (Nalbari)
*Dharamtul College, Ahatguri (Morigaon))
*Dharmasala College, Dharmasala (Dhubri)
*[[Dhing College]], Dhing (Nagaon)
*Dhubri P.G.T.T. College, Jhagrarpar (Dhubri)
*Dhubri Girls' College, Dhubri
*[[Dimoria College]], Khetri (Kamrup)
*[[Dispur College]], Guwahati (Kamrup)
*[[Dispur Law College]], Dispur
*Dronacharjya College, Barpeta Road (Barpeta)
*[[Dudhnoi College]], Dudhnoi (Goalpara)
*Dudhnoi Teachers Training College, Dudhnoi (Goalpara)
*Duni Degree College (Darrang)

===E===
*East Gauhati B.Ed. College, Guwahati (Kamrup)

===F===
*F.A. Ahmed College, Goraimari, Tukrapara (Kamrup)
*Faculty College of Education, North Gauhati (Kamrup)
*Fakiragram College, Fakiragram (Kokrajhar)

===G===
*G.L. Choudhury College, Barpeta Road (Barpeta)
*[[Gauhati Commerce College]], Guwahati (Kamrup)
*Ghanakanta Baruah College, Morigaon (Morigaon)
*Girls' College Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar (Kokrajhar)
*[[Goalpara College]], Goalpara (Goalpara)
*Golden College (RATHNAPITH)
*Goreswar College, Goreswar (Baksa)
*Gossaigaon College, Gossaigaon (Kokrajhar)
*Govt. B.T. College, Goalpara
*Govt. K.K. Handique Sanskrit College, Guwahati (Kamrup)
*Govt. Banikanta College of Teacher Education, Guwahati (Kamrup)
*Govt. College of Teacher's Education (CTE), Tezpur (Sonitpur)
*Govt. Shikshan Mahavidyalaya, Nagaon (Nagaon)
*[[Guwahati College]], Guwahati (Kamrup)
*Gyanpeeth Degree College, Nikashi (Baksa)

===H===
*Habraghat Mahavidyalaya, Krishnai (Goalpara)
*Haji Ajmal Ali College (Nagaon)
*Haji Anfor Ali College, Doboka (Nagaon)
*Halakura College, Mahamayahat (Dhubri)
*Hamidabad College, Jamadarhat [[Dhubri District|(Dhubri)]]
*[[Handique Girls College]], Guwahati
*[[Harendra Chitra College, Bhaktardoba]], (Barpeta)
*Hari Gayatri Das College, Guwahati (Kamrup)
*Hatichong College, Hatichong (Nagaon)
*Hatidhura College, Hatidhura (Dhubri)
*[[Hatsingimari College]], [[Hatsingimari]], [[Dhubri]]
*Hindustan College, Guwahati
*[[Hojai College]], Hojai (Nagaon)
*Hojai Girls' College, Hojai (Nagaon)

=== I ===
*[[Icon Commerce College]], Guwahati (Kamrup)
*Imperia College of Education, Dispur (Kamrup)
*Indira Gandhi College, Boitamari (Bongaigaon)
*InfoEd College of Computer Education
*Institute of Strategic Business Management (ISBM), Guwahati (Kamrup)

===J===
*Jettwings Business School, Guwahati (Kamrup Urban)
*Jettwings Institute Of Fashion, Design & Architecture, Guwahati (Kamrup Urban)
*[[Jagiroad College]], Jagiroad (Morigaon)
*Jaleswar College, Tapoban (Goalpara)
*Jamduar College, Saraibil (Kokrajhar)
*Jamunamukh College, Jamunamukh (Nagaon)
*Janapriya College, Garemari (Barpeta)
*Janata College, (Serfanguri), Kokrajhar
*[[Jawaharlal Nehru College, Boko]] (Kamrup)
*Juria College, Fakuli Pathar (Nagaon)

===K===
*[[K.C. Das Commerce College]], Guwahati (Kamrup)
*K.R.B. Girls' College, Guwahati
*K.R.D. College of Education, Chhaygaon (Kamrup)
*Kalabari College, Kalabari (Sonitpur)
*[[Kalaguru Bishnu Rabha Degree College]], Orang (Udalguri)
*Kaliabor College of Education, Kuwaritol (Nagaon)
*Kamrup College, Chamata (Nalbari)
*Kampur College, Kampur (Nagaon)
*Kanpai Bordoloi College, Borchila (Morigaon)
*Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Guwahati
*[[Karmashree Hiteswar Saikia College]], [[Guwahati]]
*Katahguri College, Tuktuki (Nagaon)
*Kayakuchi College, Kayakuchi (Barpeta)
*Khagarijan College, Chotahaibar (Nagaon)
*Kharupetia College, Kharupetia (Darrang)
*Khetri Dharmapur College, Bari (Nalbari)
*Khoirabari College, Khoirabari (Udalguri)
*[[Kokrajhar Government College]], Kokrajhar (Kokrajhar)
*Kokrajhar Music and Fine Arts College, Kokrajhar
*Krishna Bora B.Ed. College, Lanka
*Krishanaguru Mahavidyalaya, Nasatra (Barpeta)

===L===
*L.C. Bharali College, Guwahati
*L.G.B. Girls' College, Tezpur (Sonitpur)
*[[Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health]]
*Lachit Barphookan Commerce Academy, Morikalong (Nagaon)
*Lakhipur College, Lakhipur (Goalpara)
*[[Lalit Chandra Bharali College]], Guwahati
*Lanka Mahavidyalaya, Lanka (Nagaon)
*[[Lokanayak Omeo Kumar Das College]], Dhekiajuli (Sonitpur)
*Luitparia College, Kalairdia (Barpeta)
*[[Lumding College]], Lumding (Nagaon)

===M===
*M.C. College, Barpeta (Barpeta)
*M.N.C. Balika Mahavidyalaya, Nalbari
*Madhab Choudhury College, Barpeta
*Madhya Kamrup College, Subha, Chenga (Barpeta)
*Madhya Kampeeth College, Borka, Pub-Borka (Kamrup)
*Manabendra Sarma Girls' College, Rangia (Kamrup)
*[[Mankachar College]], [[Mankachar]] (Dhubri)
*Mandia Anchalik College, Mandia (Barpeta)
*Mangaldai Govt. Teachers' Training College, Mangaldai (Darrang)
*[[Mangaldai College]], Mangaldai (Darrang)
*Mangaldai Commerce College, Mangaldai (Darrang)
*Mangaldai Degree Girls College, Magnaldai (Darrang)
*Mahatma Gandhi College, Chalantapara (Bongaigaon)
*Majbat College, Majbat (Udalguri)
*Manikpur Anchalik College, Manikpur (Bongaigaon)
*Mayang Anchalik College, Raja-Mayang (Morigaon)
*Mazbat College, Mazbat (Darrang)
*Milanjyoti College, Itervita (Barpeta)
*Missamari College, Missamari (Sonitpur)
*[https://moirabaricollege.ac.in/ Moirabari College, Moirabari (Morigaon)]
*[[Morigaon College]], Morigaon (Morigaon)
*Murazar College, Murazar (Nagaon)
*Mushalpur College, Mushalpur, (Baksa)

===N===
*Nagaon G. N. D. G. Commerce College, Panigaon (Nagaon)
*[[Nabajyoti College]], [[Kalgachia]] (Barpeta)
*Nalbari B.Ed. College, Nalbari
*Nalbari College, Nalbari
*Nalbari Commerce College, Nalbari
*Nalbari Sanskrit College, Nalbari (Nalbari)
*[[Narangi Anchalik Mahavidyalaya]], Guwahati (Kamrup)
*National Institute for Teacher Education, Khetri (Kamrup)
*Navasakti College, Majgoan (Barpeta)
*Nirmal Haloi College, Patacharkuchi (Barpeta)
*Nonoi College, Nonoi (Nagaon)
*[[North Gauhati College]], Guwahati
*North Kamrup College, Baghmara (Barpeta)
*[[Nowgong College]], Nagaon
*Nowgong Girls' College, Nagaon

===P===
• Pandit Deendayal Upadhaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya, Amjonga Goalpara
*P.G. College of Education, Tezpur (Sonitpur)
*[[Pandu College]], maligaon
*[[Paschim Guwahati Mahavidyalaya]], Guwahati
*Paschim Barigog Anchalik Mahavidyalaya, Baranghati (Kamrup)
*Pachim Nalbari B.Ed. College, Nalbari (Nalbari)
*Patidarrang College, Loch (Kamrup)
*Pragjyotish B.Ed. College, Pacharia
*[[Pragjyotish College]], Guwahati
*Pramathesh Barua College, Gauripur (Dhubri)
*Province College, Ganeshguri
*Progati College, Agomani (Dhubri)
*Pub-Bongsor College, Pacharia
*[[Pub Kamrup College]], Baihata Chariali (Kamrup)
*[[Puthimari College]], Soneswar (Kamrup)
*Pune Institute Of Business Management, Guwahati campus (Kamrup)

===R===
*[[Radha Govinda Baruah College]], Guwahati
*Raha College, Ranha (Nagaon)
*Rajiv Gandhi Memorial College, Lengtisinga (Bongaigaon)
*Rampur Anchalik College, Rampur (Kamrup)
*Rangapara College, Rangapara (Sonitpur)
*Rangia College, Rangia (Kamrup)
*Rangia Teacher Training College, Rangia (Kamrup)
*Ratnapith College, Chapar (Dhubri)
*Rupahi College, Rupahi (Nagaon)

===S===
*Salbari College, Salbari (Baksa)
*Samaguri College, Samaguri (Nagaon)
*Sapatgram College, Sapatgram (Dhubri)
*[[Saraighat College]], Changsari (Kamrup)
*[[S. B. Deorah College]], Bora Service (Guwahati)
*[[Science College, Kokrajhar]] (Kokrajhar)
*Sikshan Mahavidyalaya, Nagaon
*Sipajhar B.Ed. College, Sipajhar (Darrang)
*Sipajhar College, Sipajhar (Darrang)
*Sonapur College, Sonapur (Kamrup)
*Sontali Anchalik College, Mahatoli (Kamrup)
*South Salmara College, South Salmara (Dhubri)
*Srimanta Sankar Madhab Mahavidyalay, Bhatkuchi (Barpeta)
*State College of Music, Guwahati
*[[Sualkuchi Budram Madhab Satradhikar College]], Sualkuchi (Kamrup)
* Sukuram Bharali Commerce & Management College, Khetri (Kamrup)
*Suren Das College, Hajo (Kamrup)
*Swami Yogananda Giri College, Saktiashram (Kokrajhar)
*Swadeshi College of Commerce, [[Guwahati]]
*SDP College of Teacher Education, Tihu

===T===
*T.H.B. College, Jamugurihat (Sonitpur)
*Tamulpur College, Tamulpur (Baksa)
*[[Tangla College]], Tangla (Udalguri)
*[[Tezpur College]], Tezpur (Sonitpur)
*Thamna Anchalik Degree College, Thamna (Baksa)
*Tihu College, Tihu (Nalbari)
*Tupamari anchalik college, Tupamari (Kamrup)

===U===
*U.N. Brahma College, Kajalgaon, (Chirang)
*[[Udalguri College]], Udalguri (Udalguri)
*Udali College, Bamungaon (Nagaon)
*Uttar Barpeta College, Sankuchi (Barpeta)
*Uttar Kampith Mahavidyalaya, Jagara (Nalbari)

===V===
*Vidya Bharati College, Kendua (Kamrup)

===W===
*West Gauhati Commerce College, Guwahati (Maligaon)
*West Goalpara College, Ambari, PO Balarbhita, Dist. Goalpara, 783129

== References ==
{{reflist}}

* [http://www.gauhati.ac.in/ GU Official Webpage]
* [http://www.gauhati.ac.in/college-affiliated%20colleges.php GU Affiliated Colleges Webpage]

[[Category:Gauhati University|*Affiliates]]
[[Category:Assam-related lists|Gauhati University]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Gauhati University| ]]
[[Category:Lists of colleges affiliated to universities in India|Gauhati University]]

Lalit Modi

2026-03-27T14:25:47Z

RoseKort2620073: small changes

{{Short description|Vanuatuan businessman (born 1963)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Lalit Modi Sangha
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name = Lalit Modi Sangha
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Modi at IPL Players Auction.jpg
| caption = Modi at the DLF IPL players auction in 2010
| office = Chairperson of [[Indian Premier League]]
| term_start = 2005
| term_end = 2019
| office2 = President of [[Rajasthan Cricket Association]] (RCA)
| term_start2 = 2005
| term_end2 = 2009
| office3 = Vice President of [[Punjab Cricket Association]] (PCA)
| term_start3 = 2004
| term_end3 = 2012
| office4 = President and Managing Director of Modi Enterprises
| term_start4 = 1991
| term_end4 = 2022
| office5 = Executive Director of [[Godfrey Phillips India]]
| term_start5 = 1992
| term_end5 = 2010
| nationality = {{ubl|
* Indian (1963-2025)
*Vanuatuan (2025-present)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-08 |title=Why ex-IPL boss and fugitive Lalit Modi has acquired Vanuatu citizenship |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/why-fugitive-lalit-modi-former-ipl-chairman-acquired-vanuatu-citizenship-2690701-2025-03-08 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>}}
| office6 = President of Rajasthan Cricket Association (RCA)
| term_start6 = 2014
| term_end6 = 2015
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1963|11|29}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| children = 2
| spouse = {{marriage|Minal Sagrani|1991|2018|end=d}}
| father = [[Krishan Kumar Modi]]
| partner = [[Sushmita Sen]] (2022–2025)
| residence = [[London]], England
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Pace University]] | [[Duke University]]}}
| relatives = {{ubl|
* [[Charu Modi]] (sister)
* [[Samir Modi]] (brother)
* [[Bhupendra Kumar Modi]] (uncle)
* [[Gujarmal Modi]] (grandfather)
* [[Dayawati Modi]] (grandmother)}}
| occupation = Businessman
| known_for = Founding and being the first League Commissioner of the [[Indian Premier League]]
| website = {{URL|lalitmodi.com}}
| footnotes =
| predecessor = ''Position established''
| successor = [[Chirayu Amin]]
}}

'''Lalit Kumar Modi'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-11 |title=From the India Today archives (2015) {{!}} The long chase of Lalit Modi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/from-the-india-today-archives-2015-the-long-chase-of-lalit-modi-2692155-2025-03-11 |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> (born 29 November 1963) is an Indian born Vanuatuan businessman and former cricket administrator.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-14 |title=The IPL founder, the fugitive: Who is Lalit Modi? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/who-is-lalit-modi-dating-sushmita-sen-8029768/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Prabhakar |first=Vinay |date=2020-08-08 |title=#Exclusive: Who is Protecting Fugitive Lalit Modi? RTI Reveals No Action On Request For CBI Probe Against Modi |url=https://thelogicalindian.com/politics/lalit-modi-cbi-enquiry-22871 |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=thelogicalindian.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-28 |title=13 years on, Baroda Cricket Association (BCA) realizes fugitive Lalit Modi is still its patron |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/13-yrs-on-baroda-cricket-association-realizes-fugitive-lalit-modi-is-still-its-patron/articleshow/98287933.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-03-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricket czar to fugitive: Lalit Modi's meteoric rise, momentous fall |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cricket-czar-to-fugitive-lalit-modi-s-meteoric-rise-momentous-fall-1975725-2022-07-14 |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=India Today |date=14 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He was the founder, first chairman and league commissioner of the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL), and ran the tournament for three years until 2010. He also served as the Chairman of the [[Twenty20 Champions League|Champions League]] from 2008 till 2010 and was Vice President of the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] from 2005 till 2010. He has also served as the President of the [[Rajasthan Cricket Association]] from 2005 till 2009 and then again from 2014 till 2015, and as the vice president of the [[Punjab Cricket Association]] from 2004 till 2012.

As a close associate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) leader [[Vasundhara Raje]], Modi once held considerable political clout in [[Rajasthan]]. During Raje's first term as the [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan|Chief Minister]], he was called "Super Chief Minister" by the opposition and the media. In 2010, Modi alleged that the [[Indian National Congress]] minister [[Shashi Tharoor]] held indirect [[sweat equity|free equity]] in the [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]] IPL franchise, ultimately leading to Tharoor's resignation. The Kochi franchise alleged that Modi was harassing them, because he wanted another group to win the franchise bid. Shortly after IPL 2010 ended, Modi was suspended from BCCI after being accused of misconduct, indiscipline and financial irregularities. BCCI launched an investigation against him, and banned him for life in 2013 after a committee found him guilty of these charges. Modi denied any wrongdoing, and blamed accusations on political rivalries. Shortly before the [[Enforcement Directorate]] (ED) launched an investigation against him for alleged financial irregularities, he fled to [[London]] and was labeled a fugitive.

==Early life and education==
Lalit Kumar Modi born in [[Delhi]] on 29 November 1963, into one of India's leading business families,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/242443.html|title=Lalit Modi|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> the elder son of [[Krishan Kumar Modi]] and his wife Bina Modi. He has an elder sister, [[Charu Modi|Charu Modi Bhartia]], and a younger brother, [[Samir Modi]].<ref name="Debaashis_2009">{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090419/jsp/7days/story_10842652.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212234715/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090419/jsp/7days/story_10842652.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 December 2009 |title= Who's this man? |date=19 April 2009 |author=Debaashis Bhattacharya |newspaper=The Telegraph }}</ref> His grandfather [[Gujar Mal Modi]] had established the [[Modi Group]] business conglomerate and the town of [[Modinagar]]. His father KK Modi greatly expanded the family business.<ref name="NIE_other_2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cricket/features/article197254.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110100740/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cricket/features/article197254.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2014 |title=The other side of Lalit Modi |publisher=Indian Express |date=16 May 2012 |access-date=10 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="James_Tamasha">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6IRVMNzNJpIC |title=The Great Tamasha |author=James Astill |year=2013 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=9781408192207 }}</ref>{{rp|191}}

Modi joined [[Bishop Cotton School (Shimla)|Bishop Cotton School]] in [[Shimla]], in 1971.<ref name="mid-day.com">{{cite web|last=Sharma |first=Surender |url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2010/apr/260410-IPL-Lalit-Modi-Bishop-Cotton-School.htm |title=Lalit Modi never gave up without a fight |publisher=Mid-day.com |date=26 April 2010 |access-date=23 December 2013}}</ref> His family later moved him to [[St Joseph's College, Nainital]], because of a kidnapping threat.<ref name="Samanth_Caravan_2011"/> In 1980, he was expelled from St. Joseph's for [[truancy]], having left school to watch a movie.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Lalit-Modi-wasnt-one-to-follow-rules-even-as-a-boy/articleshow/47738701.cms |title=Lalit Modi wasn't one to follow rules even as a boy |author=Vineet Upadhyay |newspaper=The Times of India |date=19 June 2015 }}</ref>

Between 1983 and 1986, Modi studied electrical engineering and business administration in the United States. He attended [[Pace University]] in New York for two years, and then [[Duke University]] in [[North Carolina]] for one year. He did not graduate from either of these institutions. In 1985, while a [[sophomore year|sophomore]], Modi and three other students tried to buy half a kilogram of cocaine for $10,000 at a motel. The man posing as a seller threatened them with a shotgun, and robbed them of $10,000. The next day, Modi and his friends beat up a student, whom they suspected of setting them up.<ref name="Samanth_Caravan_2011"/><ref name="HT_KSTomar_2010">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/is-this-man-a-genius-or-a-bad-guy/story-ErYtQN1EiK6zITPbSWleYJ.html|title=Is this man a genius or a bad guy?|last=Tomar|first=KS|date=18 April 2010|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=28 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Abhishek Dubey |title=The IPL Story: Cricket, Glamour and Big Money |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1h1yk--r2h0C&pg=PT46 |year=2011 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-5800-7 |pages=33–35}}</ref> As a result, on 1 March 1985, Modi was arrested on charges of conspiracy to traffic cocaine, assault and second-degree kidnapping. The next day, Modi and another student were indicted.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/england/2303250/Drugs-and-kidnap-charges-could-bring-down-Indian-Premier-League-chief-Lalit-Modi.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Scyld | last=Berry | title=Drugs and 'kidnap' charges could bring down Indian Premier League chief, Lalit Modi | date=15 June 2008}}</ref> Modi pleaded guilty to the crime when the case was heard in the Durham County court, [[North Carolina]] and later entered a plea bargain, which resulted in a [[suspended sentence|suspended]] two-year prison sentence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/drug-rap-returns-to-haunt-ipl-boss-modi/story-SoN64bPsOkrMXaAqpSnmDP.html |title=Drug rap returns to haunt IPL boss Modi |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=28 May 2008 |access-date=23 December 2013}}</ref> In lieu of prison time, he was placed under a five-year probation and ordered to do 100 hours' community service. In 1986, Modi sought permission from the court to return to India, citing bad health. The Durham County Court accepted his plea and ordered him to perform 200 hours of community service in India.<ref name="Samanth_Caravan_2011"/> Modi's return to India was facilitated by some of his father's businessmen friends, including [[Leonard Lauder]].<ref name="Kunal_MM_2010">{{cite news |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/cover-story/Lalit-Modi-The-untold-story/articleshow/21885747.cms |title=Lalit Modi: The untold story |author=Kunal Pradhan |date=23 April 2010 |newspaper=Bangalore Mirror }}</ref> When asked about this matter in 2010, Modi stated "I've got no idea about these allegations, which have been investigated and nothing was found."<ref name="HT_KSTomar_2010"/>

In 1986, Modi came back to Delhi, and joined the family business. He served as the President of International Tobacco Company Limited from 1987 to 1991. On 21 August 1989, he was made a Non-Executive & Non-Independent Director at [[Godfrey Phillips India]], one of India's largest tobacco companies, and a joint venture between his family's Modi Enterprises and [[Philip Morris International]]. In February 1992, he was made an executive director of Godfrey Phillips India, and retained that position until 1 August 2010.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lalit Kumar Modi |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=26120447&ticker=874649 |title=Lalit Modi: Executive Profile & Biography – Businessweek |publisher=Investing.businessweek.com |access-date=23 December 2013}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In Delhi, Modi started courting the nine-years-older Minal Sagrani, who was the daughter of [[Nigeria]]-based [[Sindhi Hindus|Sindhi Hindu]] businessman, Pesu Aswani, and the ex-wife of another Nigeria-based Sindhi businessman, Jack Sagrani.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/the-changing-fortunes-of-lalit-modi-/20150623.htm|title=The changing fortunes of Lalit Modi|website=Rediff}}</ref> His family initially opposed the marriage, as Minal was a recently divorced mother and nine years older than him. Modi managed to get his grandmother Dayawati Modi on his side, who convinced the family to agree to the marriage. The couple married on 17 October 1991 in [[Mumbai]]. The couple settled in Mumbai, as Minal faced a social boycott in Delhi. They initially lived in KK Modi's apartment in [[Pedder Road]] area, but later bought Minal's father's house in [[Juhu]] as their family grew. They have two children – son Ruchir Modi and daughter Aliya. Lalit Modi also has a step-daughter Karima Sagrani, from Minal's first marriage.<ref name="Kunal_MM_2010"/><ref name="Outlook_crony_2010">{{cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/captain-crony-capital/265185 |title=Captain Crony Capital |publisher=Outlook |author= Rohit Mahajan, Arindam Mukherjee |date=3 May 2010 }}</ref> On 10 December 2018, Minal died of cancer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lalit-modi-wife-minal-dead-1406721-2018-12-11 |title=Lalit Modi's wife Minal dies. Read tribute penned by former IPL boss |date=11 December 2018 |access-date=15 July 2022}}</ref>

In July 2022, he announced that he is dating former [[Miss Universe]] [[Sushmita Sen]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-14 |title='A new beginning': Lalit Modi announces he is dating Sushmita Sen, calls her 'my better half'; photos break the internet |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/a-new-beginning-lalit-modi-shares-pictures-with-sushmita-sen-calls-her-my-better-half-photos-break-the-internet-101657809787743.html |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> They broke up on 14 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-15 |title=Susmita Sen's ex-boyfriend Lalit Modi confirms breakup on Valentine's Day. Who is his new mystery lady love? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/susmita-sens-ex-boyfriend-lalit-modi-confirms-breakup-on-valentines-day-who-is-his-new-mystery-lady-love/articleshow/118265620.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-03-09 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Early business career ==

In 1993, Modi established Modi Entertainment Networks (MEN), using money from a family trust. MEN started as a 10-year joint venture with [[Walt Disney Pictures]], to broadcast some of Disney's content in India, including [[Fashion TV]].<ref name="Rohini_2010">{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Rohini|title=Lalit Modi involved in betting, murky deals: I-T report|date=19 April 2010|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Lalit-Modi-involved-in-betting-murky-deals-I-T-report/articleshow/5830420.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811060929/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-19/india/28133864_1_indian-premier-league-ipl-report |url-status=live |archive-date=11 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=20 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Das|first=Sibabrata|title=ESPN to end distribution pact with Modi Entertainment Network|work=Express India|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/may26/tele9.htm |access-date=20 April 2010}}{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In 1994, MEN became the pan-India distributor of [[ESPN]] on a ten-year contract worth $975 million. His job was to collect money from the cable companies in India in exchange for the broadcasting [[ESPN]].<ref name="NIE_other_2012"/> ESPN did not renew its contract with Modi, alleging that he underreported revenues. MEN also lost a contract with Fashion TV, after Modi fell out with its founder [[Michel Adam Lisowski]].<ref name="Samanth_Caravan_2011"/> Most of Modi's businesses in Mumbai were not profitable, and he lived on a maintenance allowance from his father's company.<ref name="Kunal_MM_2010"/>

Later, Modi became the President and managing director of Modi Enterprises, an industrial [[conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] run by his family.<ref name="Rhys_vision">{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article7058994.ece | location=London | work=The Times | first1=Rhys | last1=Blakely | title=Lalit Modis vision of world domination for Indian Premier League | date=12 March 2010}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lalit will head family flagship, says father |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-04-27/news/27586762_1_lalit-modi-modi-family-family-business |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140110105214/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-04-27/news/27586762_1_lalit-modi-modi-family-family-business |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2014 |access-date=10 January 2014|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=27 April 2010}}</ref>

In 2002, Modi launched an online lottery business in [[Kerala]] called Sixo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/ipl-2010/story/modi-and-controversy-go-a-long-way-back-72482-2010-04-22 |title=Modi and controversy go a long way back : IPL 2010, News – India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=23 April 2010 |access-date=19 March 2014}}</ref>

== Cricket administration ==

In the US, Modi had been impressed by the huge revenues of the American sports leagues. In 1995, he pitched his idea for a new 50-over tournament to BCCI. He even registered a name – Indian Cricket League Limited – for the proposed league. However, the BCCI did not take the proposal seriously. Modi then resolved to join the Board. As a step towards this goal, in 1999, he managed to get elected to the [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association]], a constituent body of BCCI.<ref name="James_Tamasha"/>{{rp|166}} However, his attempt to gain control of the Association failed, and he was forced to leave the Association by the Chief Minister of the state.<ref name="Rahul_Tehelka_2006">{{cite news |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/home/20060520/20060520.asp?filename=24.jpg |title=Mr Big Deal |date=20 May 2006 |author=Rahul Bhatia |publisher=Tehelka }}</ref> In 2004, Modi was elected as the vice-president of the [[Punjab Cricket Association]], under the President Inderjit Singh Bindra.<ref name="Outlook_crony_2010"/> He retained this position in the 2008 elections.<ref name="espncricinfo.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/365340.html?CMP=OTC-RSS |title=Bindra remains Punjab Cricket Association president. Cricket News. Global |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=23 December 2013}}</ref>

===Rajasthan Cricket Association===

In 2003, Modi's friend [[Vasundhara Raje]] was elected as the [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]]. Modi knew Raje through a common school friend Bina Kilachand, and had become one of the Chief Minister's closest associates.<ref name="Kunal_MM_2010"/>

After his failed stint in Himachal Pradesh, Modi decided to gain control of the [[Rajasthan Cricket Association]] (RCA), another constituent body of BCCI. The RCA had been controlled by the Rungta business family for over three decades. It had 32 district associations as its constituent members, plus 66 individual members – all of whom were members or peons of the Rungta household. During the 1980s and 1990s, there were several unsuccessful attempts to eject the Rungta family from the RCA. After Vasundhara Raje became the Chief Minister of Rajasthan, a faction led by Modi started fresh attempts to defeat the Rungtas. Modi registered himself with the RCA under the name "Lalit Kumar", as a member of the [[Nagore district]]'s cricket association. He didn't use his full name for the fear of being denied entry.<ref name="Rahul_Tehelka_2006"/><ref name="Samanth_Caravan_2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.caravanmagazine.in/vantage/longstanding-and-successfully-symbiotic-relationship-between-lalit-modi-and-vasundhara-raje |title=The Longstanding and Successfully Symbiotic Relationship between Lalit Modi and Vasundhara Raje |author=Samanth Subramanian |date=16 June 2015 }}</ref>

In 2005, Modi used his connections with Raje to get the Rajasthan Sports Act passed. This ordinance took away voting rights from the 66 individual members, leaving only the 32 district associations as voters.<ref name="DNA_beans_2015">{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-sushma-s-role-in-helping-former-ipl-chief-obtain-travel-documents-creates-controversy-2095657 |title=Who spilled the beans on Lalit Modi travel documents? |date=15 June 2015 |newspaper=DNA |author=Chander Shekhar Luthra and Derek Abraham }}</ref> As a result, Modi was elected as the President of RCA, defeating the incumbent Kishore Rungta by just 1 vote.<ref name="ESPN_FAQs_2014">{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/707481.html |title=FAQs: The Rajasthan Cricket Association election case |date=5 January 2014 |author=Nagraj Gollapudi and Amol Karhadkar |publisher=ESPN }}</ref>

As the RCA President, he spent ₹20 [[crore]] to renovate Jaipur's Sawai Mansingh Stadium, making it one of the best cricket stadiums in the country. He spent another ₹7 crore to build a state-of-the-art cricket academy.<ref name="Debaashis_2009"/> He sold the boundary-rope advertising for ₹15 [[lakh]] per spot, more than double the previous rate. He also ended the practice of giving away tickets for free and sold corporate box seats for ₹1,25,000 each.<ref name="Samanth_Caravan_2011"/>

===Board of Control for Cricket in India===

After becoming the RCA President in 2005, Modi helped the [[Nationalist Congress Party]] leader [[Sharad Pawar]] defeat [[Jagmohan Dalmiya]] in the BCCI Presidential elections.<ref name="Kunal_MM_2010"/> Subsequently, Modi was appointed vice-president of the BCCI.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricket20.com/db/indian_premier_league/article.asp?NewsID=2212 |title=Lalit Modi has no problem with IPL cash flows |publisher=cricket20 |access-date=19 March 2014}}</ref>

Lalit Modi was heavily involved in the commercial side of the BCCI. Between 2005 and 2008, BCCI's revenues increased sevenfold, touching the $1 billion mark.<ref name="theage.com.au">{{cite news| url=https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2008/03/07/1204780070687.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2 | location=Melbourne | work=The Age | first=Matt | last=Wade | title=The tycoon who changed cricket | date=8 March 2008}}</ref>

===Indian Premier League===

In 2008, Lalit Modi was instrumental in launching the Indian Premier League (IPL), based around [[Twenty20]] cricket. He also engineered the IPL's move to South Africa in 2009, after the dates of the tournament clashed with the [[2009 Indian general election|Indian general election]] and the [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Union Minister of Home Affairs]], P. Chidambaram, could not commit to the security of the tournament.<ref name="telegraph_unveils">{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/twenty20/ipl/5370496/Lalit-Modi-unveils-ambitious-IPL-plans-for-global-domination.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Nick | last=Hoult | title=Lalit Modi unveils ambitious IPL plans for global domination | date=22 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=IPL confirms South Africa switch|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/7958664.stm|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=10 January 2014}}</ref> The IPL grew into one of the world's biggest sports league, worth over $4 billion. The commercial success of IPL and Modi's control of the league led to him being compared to [[Don King (boxing promoter)|Don King]] (boxing promoter) and [[Bernie Ecclestone]] (Formula One promoter).<ref name="BBC_maverick">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8643753.stm | work=BBC News | title=Lalit Modi: India's maverick impresario | date=26 April 2010}}</ref>

Modi's family and friends also profited from IPL. Suresh Chellaram, his brother-in-law (husband of his sister Kavita), owned a majority share in the [[Rajasthan Royals]] franchise. His step-daughter Karima's husband Gaurav Burman was a stakeholder in Global Cricket Venture, which won the digital, mobile and internet rights of the IPL. Gaurav's brother Mohit Burman was a stakeholder in [[Kings XI Punjab]]. [[Jay Mehta]], one of the owners of [[Kolkata Knight Riders]], is a childhood friend of Lalit Modi.<ref name="Kunal_MM_2010"/> Rajasthan Royals, Kings XI Punjab and Kolkata Knight Riders were the cheapest franchises and very closely priced, leading to speculation that Modi had passed on insider information to the owners.<ref name="Outlook_crony_2010"/>

== Role in Rajasthan politics ==

As a close associate of the Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje, Lalit Modi became a powerful figure in Rajasthan, and came to be known as a "super chief minister". He continued to live in Mumbai, where his network had expanded to include leading industrialists and Bollywood stars. He visited Jaipur frequently, and stayed at the [[Rambagh Palace]], where ministers and civil servants would queue up to meet him and ask for favours.<ref name="Samanth_Caravan_2015"/>

Modi entered the real estate business with a company called Amer Heritage City Construction Pvt Ltd, where his wife, Minal, served as a director.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/ipl-2010/story/modi-and-controversy-go-a-long-way-back-72482-2010-04-22 |title=Modi and controversy go a long way back : IPL 2010, News – India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=23 April 2010 |access-date=23 December 2013}}</ref> Modi pressured local officials and secured control of two [[haveli]]s near the [[Amer Fort]], in contravention of [[Archaeological Survey of India]]'s rules.<ref name="Outlook_crony_2010"/> He intended to renovate and convert these havelis into a heritage resort. Mahant Shiv Prakash Bhattacharya, the 75-year-old titleholder of the Choor Singh ki Haveli, initiated a court case to thwart Modi's attempt to take over his haveli.<ref name="Smita_Outlook_2009"/> During Raje's tenure, the [[Jaipur Development Authority]] framed ad-hoc rules to allow re-classification of agricultural land and its use for non-agricultural purposes. This change, which benefited several big builders from Delhi, was allegedly presided over by Lalit Modi.<ref name="Smita_Outlook_2009"/>

In 2007, Modi disallowed the IAS officer Mahendra Surana to watch a match at the Sawai Mansingh Stadium, because he believed Suarana to be an associate of the Rungta faction of RCA. When Surana and his friend Hemendra Suarana (an army doctor and a former [[Ranji trophy|Ranji]] player) arrived at the Stadium, Modi tore their tickets. He repeated this act with the IPS officer R.P. Srivastava.<ref name="Smita_Outlook_2009"/> During a cricket match, he slapped a constable for walking into his box at the Sawai Mansingh Stadium, leading to protests by the city's constabulary.<ref name="Smita_Outlook_2009"/>

Modi's increasing power in Rajasthan politics became a key issue in the [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008 Rajasthan elections]], which Raje lost. [[Ashok Gehlot]] of Congress, who succeeded Raje as the Chief Minister, accused Modi of acting as an "extra-constitutional authority" during his campaign. After Raje was voted out of power, Modi's power in Rajasthan reduced considerably. In January 2009, he had spent several hours at a police station after an [[first information report|FIR]] was registered on the basis of a complaint by a Samajwadi Party activist for forgery.<ref name="Smita_Outlook_2009">{{cite news |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/out-of-the-premier-league/239723 |title= Out Of The Premier League |author=Smita Gupta |publisher=Outlook |date=16 February 2009 }}</ref> In March 2009, his faction lost the RCA election. The new leadership appointed a committee to probe alleged financial irregularities during his regime.<ref name="Debaashis_2009"/>

== Kochi Tuskers Kerala controversy ==

By 2009, suggestions of a rivalry between Modi and [[N. Srinivasan]] surfaced.<ref name="DNA_beans_2015"/> During 2009–10, Lalit Modi oversaw the bidding process for induction of two new teams in the Indian Premier League. In December 2009, he inserted two new clauses in the [[invitation to tender]] (ITT): the bidder should have a net worth of at least US$1 billion and must provide a bank guarantee of US$100 million. Modi stated that these clauses protected BCCI's interests. However, other BCCI board members claimed that he was rigging bids to suit [[Adani Group]] and [[Videocon|Videocon Group]], as the new clauses would rule out most of the other prospective bidders. After the ITT was floated on 22 February 2010, some of the prospective bidders, including [[Sahara India Pariwar|Sahara Group]] and [[Dainik Jagran|Jagran Group]], complained to the BCCI President [[Shashank Manohar]] that they were being deliberately kept out of the tendering process.<ref name="Amol_ESPN_2013">{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/669139.html |title=How Kochi finally claimed Modi |date=7 September 2013 | author=Amol Karhadkar }}</ref> After receiving only two bids, IPL changed the ITT, removing the net worth clause and reducing the guarantee amount to US$10 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/money/report/six-bids-for-new-ipl-teams/20100320.htm|title=IPL may get 6 bidders for 2 new teams|website=Rediff}}</ref>

In March 2010, a consortium of investors led by [[Rendezvous Sports World]] (RSW) won a bid for the [[Kerala]]-based [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]] franchise. [[Indian National Congress]] leader and [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs minister]] [[Shashi Tharoor]] was involved in bringing together the various companies in this consortium. At that time, both Modi and Tharoor stated that the minister had no stake in the franchise, and was only facilitating a team for his native state Kerala.<ref>[https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/24902/pune-kochi-win-bid-for-franchises Pune, Kochi win bid for franchises]. Cricbuzz, 22 March 2010.</ref> On 11 April 2010, when a formal agreement was being signed between BCCI and the Kochi franchise, Modi asked the Kochi representatives about the identities of the sweat equity holders in the franchise. According to Modi, he received "evasive replies", and subsequently, a call from Tharoor instructing him not to probe the identities of Kochi's stakeholders. One of the sweat equity holders was [[Sunanda Pushkar]], a close friend (and later wife) of Shashi Tharoor. Shortly after the agreement was signed, Modi disclosed the names of Kochi's stakeholders via a [[tweet (Twitter)|tweet]].<ref name="Amol_ESPN_2013"/> Modi alleged that Pushkar's shares were actually a hidden gift to Tharoor. RSW threatened to sue Modi for violating confidentiality agreement, and claimed that Modi was creating problems for Kochi because he wanted other bidders to win. Tharoor denied that he had any financial stake in the Kochi franchise, and stated that his role was limited to offering "encouragement, blessings and expert advise" to the RSW-led group of bidders.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesnow.tv/articleshow/4342846.cms |title=Revealed: The Kochi controversy inside story |publisher=Times Now |date=13 April 2010 }}</ref> Tharoor argued that there was no reason for the investors to bribe him, since he had no influence over the auction. Sunanda Pushkar stated that she would give up her stake in the Kochi franchise. Ultimately, Tharoor had to resign as a minister amid allegations of corruption.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/04/20/shashi-tharoor-resigns-in_n_543990.html |title=Shashi Tharoor Resigns: India Cricket Scandal Takes Down Government Minister |date=19 April 2010|work=Huffington Post|access-date=20 April 2010}}</ref>

== Expulsion from BCCI and exile in London ==

On 16 April 2010, the representatives of the Kochi franchise complained to BCCI that Lalit Modi had threatened them to give up the franchise. A day after the [[2010 Indian Premier League final|IPL final]] on 24 April, [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] suspended Modi on 22 charges, including bypassing the governing council while taking decisions, not following proper processes, [[bid rigging]], awarding contracts to his friends, accepting kickbacks on a broadcast deal, selling franchises to members of his family, betting and [[money laundering]]. Soon after his suspension, Modi moved to London, where his wife Minal's family lived.<ref name="Samanth_Caravan_2011">{{cite web |url=https://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/confidence-man |title=The Confidence Man |author=Samanth Subramanian |date=1 March 2011 }}</ref> In London, he hired [[Carter-Ruck]] to fight BCCI's charges, and sent out defamation notices of his own. He also spent time expanding his family business in Europe.<ref name="Samanth_Caravan_2011"/> Modi believed that N Srinivasan, who later became the BCCI President, had masterminded his ouster from BCCI. In 2012, Modi alleged that Srinivasan had fixed the auction of [[Andrew Flintoff]] in 2009. He also supported Aditya Verma, the secretary of Cricket Association of Bihar, who was fighting a separate legal battle against Srinivasan.<ref name="DNA_beans_2015"/>

Meanwhile, the [[Enforcement Directorate]] of the Indian government launched investigations in following cases against Modi and other BCCI officials:<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lalit-modi-court-cases-charges-against-india-257900-2015-06-16 |title=Charges and court cases against Lalit Modi in India |date=17 June 2015 |author=Virendrasingh Ghunawat |publisher=India Today }}</ref>
* Contravening the provisions of [[Foreign Exchange Management Act]] (FEMA) to the extent of {{INR}} 890 million (a charge against Lalit Modi, BCCI and few other officials). Modi blamed N Srinivasan, who was the treasurer of BCCI at the time.
* Accepting deposit of {{INR}} 200 million from UK-based Emerging Media (IPL), in contravention of FEMA (charge against Modi, BCCI, N Srinivasan and Niranjan Shah)
* Payment of {{INR}} 2.43 billion to [[Cricket South Africa]] for IPL 2009, in contravention of FEMA (charge against Modi, BCCI, Shashank Manohar and other BCCI officials)
* Payment of US$80 million to World Sports Group (WSG) by Multi Screen Media (MSM), as facilitation fees to withdraw from the telecast rights contract
* Routing of US$25 million from MSM-WSG deal to illegal accounts of Lalit Modi, his associates and political beneficiaries
* Telling selective bidders how much to bid during the first IPL team auction in 2008
* Using illegal money to buy corporate jet through a [[Cayman Islands]] company
* Investment of {{INR}} 100 million by Modi's wife in Indian heritage hotel through a Mauritius-based company
* Other cases related to FEMA violations, including ownership of IPL franchisee, nature of foreign investments, and valuation and transfer of shares

Modi defended himself arguing that he was not individually responsible for the decisions: BCCI and its committees took these decisions collectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/the-tale-of-the-16-ed-notices-to-lalit-modi/20150625.htm|title=The tale of the 16 ED notices to Lalit Modi|website=Rediff}}</ref> He refused to return to India, stating that there was a threat to his life. The [[Mumbai Police]] endorsed his claim, stating that underworld gangsters had threatened him after he refused to pay [[extortion]] money. [[Dawood Ibrahim]] and his associate [[Chhota Shakeel]] had sent hitmen to kill Modi and his family, when the Modis were on a vacation in Thailand.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai police endorse Lalit Modi's life threat claim |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/mumbai-police-endorse-lalit-modi-s-life-threat-claim-63329 |date=2 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/dawood-wanted-to-kill-lalit-modi-for-not-paying-up-mumbai-police/story-6qUCspjOpiG9qZXkLinvoI.html|title=Dawood wanted to kill Lalit Modi for not paying up: Mumbai Police|date=19 June 2015|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

In 2010, Modi claimed on Twitter that New Zealand cricketer [[Chris Cairns]] had been involved in match-fixing during 2008. In March 2012, Cairns successfully sued Modi for making false statements and won $950,000 in damages.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10794773 |title=Cairns awarded $950,000 for libel |work=nzherald.co.nz |date=27 March 2012 |access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>

In 2013, a BCCI committee found Modi guilty on 8 charges, which resulted in his expulsion from BCCI. The committee was led by the BCCI vice-president and BJP leader [[Arun Jaitley]]; its other members included the Congress leader [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]] and [[Chirayu Amin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/bccis-arun-jaitley-panel-had-indicted-lalit-modi-for-favouring-adani/|title=BCCI's Arun Jaitley panel had indicted Lalit Modi for favouring Adani|date=19 June 2015}}</ref> The charges against Modi included:<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/742289.html |title=The BCCI's charges against Lalit Modi |date=6 May 2014 |publisher=ESPN }}</ref>

# Rigging bids: Adding two onerous clauses to the ''invitation to tender'' draft without informing the BCCI, to favour two bidders. (Modi claimed that he had verbally informed the BCCI President Shashank Manohar).
# Threatening a representative of the Kochi Tuskers Kerala to give up their franchise rights or face sanctions
# Favouring World Sports Group (WSG) for TV rights
# Failing to disclose links to owners with interests in Internet rights (Guarav Burman, his step-daughter's husband, held a stake in Global Cricket Venture)
# Misconduct of threatening to "expose certain individuals in the BCCI" via tweets
# Planning a rival cricket league with clubs in England
# Awarding theatrical rights to a company without the governing council's approval
# Signing a free commercial time deal with an agency without the governing council's approval

As a result, BCCI banned Modi for life in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-24259469|title=Ex-IPL chief Modi handed life ban|work=BBC News|date=25 September 2013}}</ref>

== Re-election and ouster from RCA ==

In December 2013, the Rajasthan Cricket Association (RCA) held fresh elections. However, the results were postponed 6 times by the Supreme Court due to court cases filed by Kishore Rungta and the BCCI.<ref name="ESPN_FAQs_2014"/> On 6 May 2014, Lalit Modi was re-elected as the president of Rajasthan Cricket Association (RCA), while residing in London. Immediately after his election, the BCCI banned the RCA and elected an ad hoc body to carry administrative function of RCA. Lalit Modi took the legal route to fight BCCI's declaration.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/05/06/lalit-modi-elected-in-rajasthan-as-battle-with-indian-cricket-board-heats-up/ |title=Lalit Modi elected as RCA president |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=6 May 2014 |publisher=cricket20 |access-date=6 May 2014|last1=Davies |first1=Will }}</ref>

In March 2014, Modi alleged that the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) had evidence regarding the existence of spot and match-fixing in the Champions League T20 cricket tournament and that world cricket's governing body was deliberately not making it public.<ref>{{cite web|last=Srivastava|first=Suyash|title=Have evidence to prove Champions League T20 witnessed match-fixing: Lalit Modi|date=25 March 2014|url=https://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/have-evidence-to-prove-champions-league-t20-witnessed-match-fixing-lalit-modi_783117.html|publisher=Zee News|access-date=25 March 2014}}</ref>

On 9 March 2015, a group led by [[Amin Pathan]] moved a no-confidence motion against Lalit Modi, who was until then, the President of RCA. According to the Rajasthan State Sports Act, a minimum attendance of 23 was required to make a [[quorum]]. 23 people attended the meeting, out of whom 17 voted against Modi. Only one vote in Modi's support was counted: five other votes were discarded as disputed. 12 more of Modi's supporters were denied entry into the meeting, on the ground that they were late by 10 minutes. The delay occurred because their vehicles were stopped, and they were beaten with rods by a mob. 5 more votes were discarded as disputed. In the end, Modi was ousted as the President by a controversial 17–1 vote. Pathan denied any role in the attack on Modi's supporters, and suggested that the attack was staged by them as an excuse for their pending defeat.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/icc-world-cup-2015/top-stories/Lalit-Modi-removed-from-Rajasthan-Cricket-Association/articleshow/46501322.cms?from=mdr |title=Lalit Modi removed from Rajasthan Cricket Association |date=9 March 2015 |newspaper=The Times of India |author=Saibal Bose }}</ref>

== "Modigate" ==
{{Update|section|date=November 2024}}
In March 2010, while Modi was in [[London]], the [[Indian National Congress|Congress-led]] Indian Government revoked his passport. Modi challenged the decision in the Delhi High Court.<ref name="DNA_beans_2015"/> The High Court restored Modi's passport in August 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/|title=Latest Sports News, Live Scores, Results Today's Sports Headlines Updates|website=NDTV Sports}}</ref> In June 2015, British MP [[Keith Vaz]] was reported to the parliamentary standards commissioner for lobbying UK immigration officials on behalf of Lalit Modi. It was revealed that Vaz had mentioned a recommendation from [[Sushma Swaraj]] in his correspondence with the immigration officials. Modi's wife Minal was diagnosed with [[breast cancer]] during 2008–09, and was being treated in [[Portugal]]. In 2014, [[Sushma Swaraj]] requested the British authorities provide assistance by law of the land. Based on her recommendation, the British authorities provided Modi travel documents on the pretext of signing the consent for his wife's operation, although the same was not a requirement in [[Portugal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/-modigate-snowballs-rahul-attacks-pm/94511.html|title='Modigate' snowballs, Rahul attacks PM : The Tribune India}}</ref>

Modi also revealed that on 25 August 2011, BJP leader Vasundhara Raje (also an opposition leader at that time) signed a document supporting his application to the British authorities. The application, which was never presented to the British authorities, had a secrecy clause that it should not be revealed to the Indian authorities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/raje-left-to-fend-for-herself-in-lalit-modi-visa-row-1.1537423|title=Raje left to fend for herself in Lalit Modi visa row|website=gulfnews.com|date=18 June 2015 }}</ref> In her affidavit, Raje had claimed that Modi was a victim of a "political witch hunt" by the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/vasundhara-rajes-restimony-may-have-helped-lalit-modi-extend-stay-in-uk-775256|title=Vasundhara Raje's Testimony May Have Helped Lalit Modi Extend Stay in UK|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Earlier, in 2013, a Jaipur-based lawyer Poonam Chand Bhandari had filed a [[public interest litigation]] in the Delhi high court, claiming that Lalit Modi had transferred millions of rupees to a company owned by [[Vasundhara Raje]] and her son [[Dushyant Singh]], using a [[shell company]].<ref name="HT_scanner">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/transactions-between-raje-s-son-dushyant-and-lalit-modi-under-scanner/story-IrFapmIvMbBo1AGRpgmPiK.html|title=Transactions between Raje's son Dushyant and Lalit Modi under scanner|date=20 June 2015|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Dushyant Singh owns Niyant Heritage Hotels Private Limited (NHHPL), and his mother Vasundhara Raje holds 3,280 shares in the company.<ref name="tribune_gift">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/raje-s-shares-in-company-a-gift-from-her-son-bjp/98967.html|title=Raje's shares in company a gift from her son: BJP : The Tribune India}}</ref> In 2008, Lalit Modi's company Anand Heritage Hotels Private Limited (AHHPL) provided an unsecured loan of {{INR}} 38 million to NHHPL. During 2008–09, AHHPL acquired 815 shares in NHHPL, paying {{INR}} 96,000 for each share, although the [[face value]] of each share was only {{INR}} 10. NHHPL, which previously had a paid up capital of {{INR}} 1 million, thus received a total of 116.3 million from AHHPL.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/raje-s-son-got-rs-4-cr-loan-for-hotel-from-lalit-cong/95302.html|title=Raje's son got Rs 4-cr loan for hotel from Lalit: Cong : The Tribune India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/ed-heat-on-former-directors-of-lalit-modis-hotel-firm/|title=ED heat on former directors of Lalit Modi's hotel firm|date=18 June 2015}}</ref> In June 2015, the Congress accused Vasundhara Raje of corruption, alleging that she had granted favours to Lalit Modi in exchange for the money. BJP argued that Raje had acted as a friend of Modi, and not in her capacity as a political leader.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ex-supreme-court-judges-said-lalit-modis-passport-was-wrongly-revoked-775653|title=Ex-Supreme Court Judges Said Lalit Modi's Passport Was Wrongly Revoked|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

The controversy resulting from these revelations was termed as "Modigate" by the Indian media. The opposition parties accused the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] leaders of shielding Lalit Modi, who was wanted in several cases of financial irregularities in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/modigate-clamour-for-sit-probe-gets-louder/article7326390.ece|title=Modigate: clamour for SIT probe gets louder|website=@businessline|date=17 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/column/how-modigate-has-transformed-the-modi-sarkar-into-upa-iii/20150625.htm|title=How Modigate has transformed the Modi sarkar into UPA III|website=Rediff}}</ref> Modi's lawyer Mehmood Abdi called the controversy a matter of political vendetta, and claimed that he had been hounded by the Congress ever since the Shashi Tharoor-Sunanda Pushkar controversy of 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/in-conspiracy-theory-lalit-modi-lawyer-sees-p-chidambaram-shashi-tharoor-hand/|title=In conspiracy theory, Lalit Modi's lawyer Mehmood Abdi sees P Chidambaram, Shashi Tharoor hand|date=16 June 2015}}</ref>

As a result, [[Interpol]], the international law enforcement agency, issued a light blue notice against Modi to be arrested on Indian soil. However, in June 2015, and despite the Interpol notice, Modi took a picture with ex-Interpol Chief [[Ronald Noble]] and uploaded it to his Instagram account while attending the El Clasico match in Barcelona. In the post, he referred to Noble as his “brother”. The incident caused significant media backlash within India as many began to raise questions about the connection between men with criminal reputations like Modi and international law enforcement. Yet Noble, who served as the head of Interpol from 2000 to 2014, denied any knowledge of Modi's criminal activities despite evidence that Modi was on an Interpol watch list for some time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lalit-modis-interpol-connection-774498|title=Lalit Modi's Interpole Connection|publisher=NDTV|date=24 June 2015|access-date=14 October 2015}}</ref>

One month later, a series of emails revealed Modi's further ties with Noble and his brother James. Indian media released a set of emails exchanged between the three men between 21 and 26 January 2014, discussing a property worth $365,000 in the United States. Ronald Noble explained that his brother and Modi entered into a joint business venture around the property, under which Modi would purchase the house, while James Noble would maintain it at his own expense. Modi and James Noble would split the profits equally once the property was sold. Noble stated that there was no conflict of interest, because at the time of this deal he was not an Interpol employee and Modi was of no interest to Interpol.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/lalot-modi-interpol-chiefs-brother-had-real-estate-joint-venture|title=Lalit Modi Interpol Chief's Brother Had Real Estate Joint Venture|publisher=Indian Express|date=27 August 2015|access-date=14 October 2015}}</ref> As of 2015, Lalit Modi has not been convicted of any charges as part of the ED investigation.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/is-lalit-modi-a-fugitive/ Is Lalit Modi a fugitive?], Indian Express</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Mehal|date=27 October 2020|title=Supreme Court Stays Bombay High Court Order Allowing Lalit Modi's Request For Cross-Examination Of BCCI Officials Over FEMA Violation|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/sc-stays-bombay-hc-order-allowing-lalit-modis-request-for-cross-examination-of-bcci-officials-over-fema-violation-165031|access-date=27 October 2020|website=www.livelaw.in|language=en}}</ref> In March 2025, he claimed that he had not been issued any extradition notice against him, as claimed by some media houses.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-11 |title='Been out of India for 15 years ...': Lalit Modi denies extradition claims |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/been-out-of-india-for-15-years-lalit-modi-denies-extradition-claims/articleshow/118880054.cms |access-date=2025-03-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The Enforcement Directorate of India had requested Interpol to issue a global warrant against Lalit Modi. However, in 2017, the Interpol which had been delaying the issuance, rejected this request.

==Awards and recognitions==
* On 9 April 2006, [[Mike Atherton]] described Lalit Modi as arguably ‘the most important cricket administrator in the world today’<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/2335008/Modi-masterminds-Indias-billion-dollar-bonanza.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Michael | last=Atherton | title=Modi masterminds India's billion dollar bonanza | date=9 April 2006}}</ref>
* In March 2008, Lalit Modi was listed among India's 30 most powerful people by ''[[India Today]]'' magazine<ref name="theage.com.au"/>
* In July 2008 he featured on the cover of ''Sports Pro'' and was hailed as the Best Rain Maker (money maker) for any sports body in the history of sports globally<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thatscricket.oneindia.in/news/2008/09/13/lalit-modi-is-the-chairman-of-champions-league.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127021303/http://thatscricket.oneindia.in/news/2008/09/13/lalit-modi-is-the-chairman-of-champions-league.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 November 2010 |title=Lalit Modi is the new chairman of Champions League – Thatscricket |publisher=Oneindia |date=13 September 2008 |access-date=19 March 2014}}</ref>
* In July 2008, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine ranked Lalit Modi 16th in a list of the world's best sports executives<ref>{{cite magazine| url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1820667_1819759_1819780,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714110537/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1820667_1819759_1819780,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 July 2008 | magazine=Time | title=Best And Worst Sports Executives 2008 | date=16 July 2008}}</ref>
* On 25 September 2008, Lalit Modi was named ‘Brand Builder of the Year’ by Asia Brand Conference<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/375770.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127015925/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/375770.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 November 2010 |title=Pitching once more for game and glamour |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=7 February 2009 |access-date=19 March 2014}}</ref>
* On 26 September 2008, Lalit Modi was presented with ‘The Consumer Award for Transforming Cricket in India’ by CNBC Awaaz<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/19823|title=Lalit Modi wins 'CNBC AWAAZ Consumer Awards 2008'|website=www.newstrackindia.com}}</ref>
* On 6 October 2008, Lalit Modi was named ‘The Most Innovative Business Leader in India’ by NDTV Profit<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistan.tv/videos-most-innovative-business-leader-of-india--%5B9H9ypia1Cs0%5D.cfm |title=Most innovative business leader of India: Lalit Modi Video |publisher=Pakistan.tv |date=6 October 2008 |access-date=19 March 2014}}</ref>
* On 24 October 2008, Lalit Modi was awarded for ‘Excellence in Innovation’ at the Frost & Sullivan Growth Excellence Awards<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/press-release.pag?docid=146739069 |title=Best in Growth, Innovation and Leadership recognised |publisher=Frost.com |date=15 October 2008 |access-date=19 March 2014}}</ref>
* In October 2008, ''[[Business Week]]'' ranked Lalit Modi 19th in a list of 25 most powerful global sports figures<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/08_41/b4103062511137.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007074759/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/08_41/b4103062511137.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 October 2008 |title=The Global 25 |publisher=Businessweek |date=30 September 2008 |access-date=19 March 2014}}</ref>
* In August 2009, ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine described the IPL as ‘the world's hottest sports league’ – a remarkable accolade from a US magazine less than a year after the IPL's launch<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/08/27/cricket-india-ipl-business-sports-ipl.html | work=Forbes | first=Peter J. | last=Schwartz | title=The World's Hottest Sports League | date=27 August 2009}}</ref>
* On 28 December 2009, ''[[Business Standard]]'' named Lalit Modi as one of the ‘Game Changers of the Decade’<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/the-game-changers/380967/ |title=The game changers |newspaper=Business Standard India |publisher=Business Standard |date=28 December 2009 |access-date=19 March 2014|last1=Majumdar |first1=Shyamal }}</ref>
* In February 2010, ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' named Lalit Modi as the 2nd Most Powerful Person in Indian Sports<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-09/sachin-tendulkar-s-half-century-of-centuries/28136263_1_indian-sports-double-hundred-history-of-one-day-cricket | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104000646/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-09/sachin-tendulkar-s-half-century-of-centuries/28136263_1_indian-sports-double-hundred-history-of-one-day-cricket | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 November 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Sachin named most influential person in Indian sports | date=9 March 2010}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.lalitmodi.com Official Website of Lalit Modi]
* [https://www.modi.com Official Website of Modi Enterprises]

{{Authority control}}
{{Modi Enterprises}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Modi, Lalit}}
[[Category:Indian Premier League administrators]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Modinagar]]
[[Category:Cricket in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Modi family|Lalit]]
[[Category:Bishop Cotton School Shimla alumni]]
[[Category:Fugitive financiers]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted by India]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on fraud charges]]
[[Category:Naturalised citizens of Vanuatu]]

Mersal (soundtrack)

2026-03-22T20:04:35Z

RoseKort2620073:

{{Short description|2017 film score by A. R. Rahman}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Mersal
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| cover =
| image = Mersal soundtrack.jpg
| alt =
| border = yes
| caption = Soundtrack album cover
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|08|20}}
| recorded = 2017
| venue =
| studio = [[Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios]], [[Chennai]] A. R. Studios, [[Mumbai]] [[Abbey Road Studios]], London
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 19:06
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| producer = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| prev_title = [[Viceroy's House (film)|Viceroy's House]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[2.0 (soundtrack)|2.0]]
| next_year = 2017
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Mersal
| type = Soundtrack
| single1 = [[Aalaporaan Thamizhan]]
| single1date = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|08|10}}
| single2 = Neethanae
| single2date = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|08|17}}
}}
}}

'''''Mersal''''' is the soundtrack of the 2017 Indian [[vigilante film|vigilante]] [[action film]]
[[Mersal (film)|of the same name]] directed by [[Atlee (director)|Atlee]], which stars [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] in a triple role with [[Nithya Menen]], [[Kajal Aggarwal]] and [[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]] as the female leads. The film, which marked the 100th production of [[Thenandal Studio Limited]], has a soundtrack album features four tracks composed by [[A. R. Rahman]], in his first collaboration with Atlee and his third collaboration with Vijay after composing for ''[[Udhaya (film)|Udhaya]]'' (2004) and ''[[Azhagiya Tamil Magan|Azhagiya Tamizh Magan]]'' (2007), whilst [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]] penned the lyrics for all the songs in the film's soundtrack, also in his first association with Rahman.

Being one of the most anticipated soundtracks in Tamil cinema, the album was released at a promotional music launch event held at [[Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium]] in [[Chennai]] on 20 August 2017, by [[Sony Music India]] with the songs being made available for streaming via internet on the day of its launch. The soundtrack was a critical and commercial success, it was the first Tamil album to have more than 100 million streams between all music platforms. It fetched a number of accolades and nominations at various ceremonies.

== Production ==
Since Atlee's norm collaborator [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], who worked with him on [[Raja Rani (2013 film)|Raja Rani]] and [[Theri (film)|Theri]], became busy with his acting commitments, the director had plans to rope a different composer for this film, with [[S. Thaman]] being speculated for the project.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Thaman to score music for Vijay's next!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/thaman-to-score-music-for-vijays-next/articleshow/56640949.cms|access-date=26 July 2021|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|date=26 February 2017}}</ref> However [[A. R. Rahman]] was announced as the composer in late-January 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kajal Aggarwal, AR Rahman roped in for 'Vijay 61'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kajalaggarwal-ar-rahman-roped-in-for-vijay-61/articleshow/56808637.cms|access-date=26 July 2021|newspaper=The Times of India|date=27 January 2017|language=en}}</ref> Rahman started composing for the film's soundtrack after completing the re-recording of [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Kaatru Veliyidai]]'' in March.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Ramanujam|first=Srinivasa|date=8 January 2018|title=When I'm making music, it isn't about me all the time: AR Rahman|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/when-im-making-music-it-isnt-about-me-all-the-time-ar-rahman/article22396336.ece|access-date=11 July 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In June 2017, G. V. Prakash Kumar was reported to record an energetic number in the film;<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2017|title=GV Prakash sings for AR Rahman in Vijay's 'Mersal'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/gv-prakash-sings-ar-rahman-vijay-s-mersal-64241|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> it was the first song Prakash had recorded for Rahman after 18 years, since ''[[Mudhalvan]]'' (1999).<ref>{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=26 June 2017|title=G.V. Prakash sings for uncle A.R. Rahman in 'Mersal'|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/g-v-prakash-sings-for-uncle-a-r-rahman-in-mersal-117062600381_1.html|access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2017|title=GV Prakash sings a number in Vijay's Mersal|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/gv-prakash-sings-a-number-in-vijays-mersal.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Behindwoods}}</ref> In late-July 2017, [[Kailash Kher]] recorded the song "[[Aalaporaan Thamizhan|Aalaporaan Tamizhan]]",<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kailash Kher sings for Mersal|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2017/jul/31/kailash-kher-sings-for-mersal-1378.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en}}</ref> since Rahman felt that "nobody could reach the pitch apart from the singer".<ref name=":0" /> The song was also co-recorded by Sathya Prakash, Deepak and [[Pooja Vaidyanath]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=I have been receiving appreciation on a daily basis for Aalaporan Thamizhan – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/i-have-been-receiving-appreciation-on-a-daily-basis-for-aalaporan-thamizhan/articleshow/60528652.cms|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The Times of India|date=16 September 2017 |language=en}}</ref> The same month, [[Shreya Ghoshal]] recorded a melodic number for the film.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kailash Kher sings for Mersal|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/aug/01/kailash-kher-sings-for-mersal-1636312.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=29 July 2017|title=Shreya Ghoshal and Kailash Kher recorded a melody song for Vijay's Mersal|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/shreya-ghoshal-and-kailash-kher-recorded-a-melody-song-for-vijays-mersal.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Behindwoods}}</ref> By September 2017, Rahman started [[Re-recording (music)|re-recording]] works for the film's music and score.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 September 2017|title=AR Rahman starts re-recording for Vijay's Mersal|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/ar-rahman-starts-re-recording-for-vijays-mersal.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Behindwoods}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AR Rahman is thrilled with Mersal's output|url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/17909/ar-rahman-is-thrilled-with-mersals-output|access-date=11 July 2021|website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref>

As a part of the promotions,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Vijay's single from Mersal ready for release – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/vijays-mersal-single-ready-for-release/articleshow/59970006.cms|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The Times of India|date=8 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref> the song "Aalaporaan Thamizhan" was released as a single on 10 August 2017, and eventually topped the charts online.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 August 2017|title=Full song 'Aalaporaan Tamizhan' is out at last, Vijay fans celebrate|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/full-song-aalaporaan-tamizhan-out-last-vijay-fans-celebrate-66595|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> The song portrayed the pride of Tamil heritage all across the world.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=10 August 2017|title=Mersal's first single Aalaporaan Thamizhan is a perfect tribute to Tamilians|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/mersal-first-single-aalaporaan-thamizhan-4790873/|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|date=August 10, 2017 |title=Mersal first single out: Aalaporaan Tamizhan song is about Tamil pride|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/aalaporaan-tamizhan-mersal-thalapathy-vijay-atlee-ar-rahman-1029013-2017-08-10|access-date=11 July 2021|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Manoj Kumar R. of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' said that the song "will indeed be the new Tamil anthem of sorts among the young population that led the [[2017 pro-jallikattu protests|pro-Jallikattu protests]]".<ref name=":1" /> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "In typical AR Rahman style, it moves from a beats-intensive tempo to soft-lilting melodious moments in a seamless fashion".<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 August 2017|title=Aalaporaan Thamizhan:AR Rahman's first single from Vijay's Mersal is high on beats|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/aalaporaan-thamizhan-mersal-s-first-single-by-ar-rahman-is-high-on-beats/story-PRGW8x91osKAq900odM2SP.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Later, the second single "Neethanae" was unveiled on 17 August 2017; a melodic number sung by Shreya Ghoshal and Rahman.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 August 2017|title=Neethanae song: AR Rahman delivers a soothing romantic song for Vijay's Mersal|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/neethanae-song-ar-rahman-shreya-ghoshal-vijay-mersal-4800844/|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|date=August 17, 2017 |title=Mersal's Neethanae song out: AR Rahman gives the perfect romantic number|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mersal-neethanae-song-out-vijay-samantha-ar-rahman-1030110-2017-08-17|access-date=11 July 2021|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Other songs in the tracklist are: "Maacho" sung by [[Sid Sriram]] and [[Shweta Mohan]], and "Mersal Arasan" which was recorded by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Naresh Iyer]], [[Sharanya Srinivas]], T. G. Vishwaprasad. The album did not feature any song recorded by actor Vijay, marking the first time he hadn't sang for an album since [[Nanban (2012 film)|Nanban]]. There were reports being surfaced that Vijay will record a reprised version of one of the film's tracks which did not happen.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 August 2017|title=Vijay is not singing in Atlee directorial Mersal, which has music by A.R.Rahman|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/vijay-is-not-singing-in-atlee-directorial-mersal-which-has-music-by-arrahman.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

== Release ==
The soundtrack album was highly anticipated by film buffs as it marked the decade-long collaboration between Vijay and Rahman as well as their first release in their [[Silver jubilee|silver-jubilee]] years.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=19 August 2017|title=Vijay, AR Rahman's silver jubilee: Mersal audio release expected to be 2017's biggest Kollywood event|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vijay-ar-rahman-mersal-audio-release-live-event-tamil-cinema-4804087/|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> In July 2017, Hema Rukmani of [[Thenandal Studio Limited]] announced that the film's audio launch would be held on 20 August 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 July 2017|title=Mersal: AR Rahman's music album for Vijay's next will get a grand audio release on this date|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/mersal-ar-rahman-music-album-vijay-film-grand-audio-release-on-this-date-4761326/|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=24 July 2017|title=The wait is over, Vijay's 'Mersal' audio release date out|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/wait-over-vijays-mersal-audio-release-date-out-65675|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Mersal audio launch on August 20 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/mersal-audio-launch-on-august-20/articleshow/59710594.cms|access-date=23 March 2020|website=The Times of India|date=22 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref> with [[Sony Music]] acquiring the rights of the music album for a {{Indian Rupee|3.5}} crore;<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Record price for Mersal audio rights|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2017/jul/24/record-price-for-mersal-audio-rights-1268.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Cinema Express|language=en}}</ref> the highest ever for a Tamil film in that time.<ref name=":4" />{{Efn|The amount is equivalent to {{INRConvert|40|m|year=2019}} in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Record price for Vijay starrer Mersal audio rights|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/jul/25/record-price-for-vijay-starrer-mersal-audio-rights-1633014.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>}} Since the film marked Thenandal's 100th production, the producers opted for a grand event at the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]] in [[Chennai]], with ''[[The Indian Express]]'' highlighted it as the "biggest [[Kollywood]] event of the year".<ref name=":3" /> The event witnessed the attendance of prominent celebrities from the Tamil film industry along with the film's cast and crew,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Upadhyaya|first=Prakash|date=19 August 2017|title=Mersal audio release: Know all about the music-launch function of Vijay, Atlee's film|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/mersal-audio-release-know-all-about-music-launch-function-vijay-atlees-film-738974|access-date=11 July 2021|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref> including [[Dhanush]], [[Sundar C]], amongst others were attended at the event, which was hosted by [[R. Parthiban]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Upadhyaya|first=Prakash|date=21 August 2017|title=Mersal music launch: Here are the highlights from Vijay film's event|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/mersal-music-launch-here-are-highlights-vijay-films-event-739182|access-date=11 July 2021|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=21 August 2017|title=Vijay at Mersal audio launch: 'This will be a cracker of a film; Atlee and his team have pulled it off'|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vijay-at-mersal-audio-launch-this-will-be-a-cracker-of-a-film-atlee-and-his-team-have-pulled-it-off-3955033.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Firstpost}}</ref> A. R. Rahman and his musical team performed the album live on stage.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 August 2017|title=Mersal audio launch on August 20, AR Rahman may perform at the function|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/mersal-audio-launch-on-august-20-ar-rahman-may-perform-at-the-function/story-6oZWXrxyhUUwr0iKJhk65O.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Upadhyaya|first=Prakash|date=21 August 2017|title=Mersal audio release: Vijay steals the show with his powerful speech [Photos+Video]|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/mersal-audio-release-vijay-steals-show-his-powerful-speech-photosvideo-739147|access-date=23 March 2020|website=International Business Times, India Edition|language=en}}</ref> The audio launch event was aired live on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 August 2017|title=Sun TV has taken over Mersal audio launch coverage!|url=https://m.behindwoods.com/amp/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/sun-tv-has-taken-over-mersal-audio-launch-coverage.html0|access-date=23 March 2020|website=Behindwoods}}</ref> despite being reported that three television channels will stream the launch live.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Mersal' grand audio launch on Aug 20th at Nehru stadium|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/mersal-grand-audio-launch-on-aug-20th-at-nehru-stadium-news-tamil-riskS4afgecae.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821013235/http://www.sify.com/movies/mersal-grand-audio-launch-on-aug-20th-at-nehru-stadium-news-tamil-riskS4afgecae.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 August 2017|access-date=11 July 2021|website=[[Sify]]|language=en}}</ref> The audio event was streamed live on the official YouTube channel of the music label, and also via Facebook and Twitter through the accounts of the production house.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Upadhyaya|first=Prakash|date=20 August 2017|title=Mersal audio release: Watch the music album launch event live online|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/mersal-audio-release-live-update-streaming-watch-music-songs-album-launch-event-online-739011|access-date=11 July 2021|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref> The album was made available for streaming through internet for digital download on the same day of the launch.<ref name=":7" />

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
The album opened to rave reviews from critics upon release. V. Lakshmi from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated three-and-a-half out of five stars, stating that "Rahman has been on an experimental mode in his last few albums, and he continues experimenting in 'Mersal' as well, especially with tunes and indigenous instruments. While the lengthy numbers may not be attractive in its first listen, the songs will be a perfect pick in the playlist, while being played on loop." She felt that the album was "grand" especially in terms of "soundscape and orchestration".<ref>{{Cite news|title=Music Review: Mersal – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/music-review-mersal/articleshow/60153295.cms|access-date=23 March 2020|website=The Times of India|date=21 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Firstpost]]'', Mridula Ramadugu felt that the soundtrack is "a mix of Vijay's commercial expectations with Rahman's trademark music" and a "mixed bag of tunes and noteworthy lyrics (by [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]), with few catchy and few forgettable tracks".<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 August 2017|title=Mersal music review: A mix of Vijay's commercial influence and AR Rahman's trademark sound|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mersal-music-review-a-mix-of-vijays-commerical-influence-and-ar-rahmans-trademark-sound-3959023.html|access-date=23 March 2020|website=Firstpost}}</ref> Ashameera Aiyappan of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' called the album as "a mix of mass and class".<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 August 2017|title=Mersal music review: AR Rahman's tunes mix mass with class|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/mersal-music-review-ar-rahmans-tunes-mix-mass-with-class4807129/|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> ''Behindwoods'' gave the album a rating of 3.25 out of five stars saying, "AR Rahman weaves out a mass based classy album fitting in all the elements required for Vijay's screen presence".<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 August 2017|title=Mersal (aka) Mersaaal Songs review|url=https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/mersal/mersal-songs-review.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

Archana Nathan of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' called that "The score by Rahman tries to accommodate the requirements of a mass entertainer". She further added that "whether it comes to highly energetic tracks such as 'Aalaporaan Thamizhan' or 'Mersal Arasan', Rahman accentuates the effusive lyrics by beating the drums heavily at the turn of each phrase".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nathan|first=Archana|title='Mersal' soundtrack review: Plenty of Tamil pride but only one really stunning song|url=https://scroll.in/reel/847930/mersal-soundtrack-review-plenty-of-tamil-pride-but-only-one-really-stunning-song|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Scroll.in|date=23 August 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref> Writing for ''[[BollywoodLife.com]]'', Karthika Raveendran stated that "with an album like this, the music maestro (AR Rahman) hasn't lost his sheen, magic or his ability to surprise even after 25 years".<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 August 2017|title=Mersal music review: AR Rahman comes up with a kickass album for Vijay's 61st film|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/mersal-music-review-ar-rahman-comes-up-with-a-kickass-album-for-vijays-61st-film-1047251/|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Bollywood Life|language=en}}</ref> ''Indiaglitz'' gave the album a rating of 3.25 out of five, calling the album "a mixture of mass and class", further saying the tracks as "innovative".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mersal Music review songs lyrics|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/mersal-tamil-movie-songs-20150|access-date=11 July 2021|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> In contrast, Critic Ramesh Kannan from ''Moviecrow'' rated the album three out of five, stating that "AR Rahman delivers a mass album to satiate Vijay fans but the soundtrack is far-off from the composer's best."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mersal Songs – Music Review|url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/17528/mersal-songs---music-review/amp|access-date=23 March 2020|website=www.moviecrow.com|language=en}}</ref> Vipin Nair of ''Music Aloud'' called the album as "short and unremarkable" assigning a score of two-and-a-half out of five.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 August 2017|title=Mersal – Music Review (Tamil Soundtrack)|url=https://www.musicaloud.com/2017/08/25/mersal-music-review-tamil-soundtrack/|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Music Aloud}}</ref> Karthik Srinivasan of ''Milliblog'' stated the album as "Rahman's weakest in ages".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mersal (Music review), Tamil – A R Rahman by Milliblog!|url=https://milliblog.com/2017/08/20/mersal-music-review-tamil-a-r-rahman/|access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref>

=== Chart performance ===
Upon its release in August 2017, the first single "Aalaporan Thamizhan" topped the charts in [[iTunes]],<ref>{{Cite web|title='Aalaporan Thamizhan', first single from 'Mersal', to be unveiled today|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/aalaporan-thamizhan-first-single-mersal-unveiled.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=theweek.in}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=12 August 2017|title=VIJAY'S MERSAL NOW HAS THE NO 1 SONG IN INDIA|url=https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/aalaporaan-thamizhan-from-mersal-is-now-indias-no-1-song.html|access-date=23 March 2020|website=Behindwoods}}</ref> and became the most searched songs of India in Google, according to [[Google Trends]].<ref name=":5" /> The music video for "Aalaporan Thamizhan" crossed 100 million views and became the most viewed song in Vijay's career,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Aalaporan Thamizhan clocks in 100M views – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/aalaporan-thamizhan-clocks-in-100m-views/articleshow/68834345.cms|access-date=23 March 2020|website=The Times of India|date=11 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> until it was surpassed by "[[Vaathi Coming]]", another song from the Vijay-starrer ''[[Master (2021 film)|Master]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 February 2021|title='Aalaporan Tamizhan' to 'Vaathi Coming': Five most viewed video songs of Vijay on YouTube|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/aalaporan-tamizhan-to-vaathi-coming-five-most-viewed-video-songs-of-vijay-on-youtube/photostory/81059140.cms|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The album crossed 100 million streams within ten-days of its release, setting a streaming record for a Tamil album.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Mersal' music breaks crosses 100 million streams|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/oct/27/mersal-music-breaks-crosses-100-million-streams-1684433.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 October 2017|title=Music of Vijay's Mersal crosses 100 million streams|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/music-of-vijay-s-mersal-crosses-100-million-streams/story-tTTF1L5OebSg8nWrdTMmGJ.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> In September 2018, the album was streamed for 350 million times on all music platforms.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 September 2018|title=Mersal album hits 350 million YouTube views|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/mersal-album-hits-350-million-youtube-views.html|access-date=11 July 2021|website=Behindwoods}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Another milestone for Mersal album, ARR is the numero uno!|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/another-milestone-for-mersal-album-arr-is-the-numero-uno-news-tamil-sjukJEigiaabh.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920124029/http://www.sify.com/movies/another-milestone-for-mersal-album-arr-is-the-numero-uno-news-tamil-sjukJEigiaabh.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 September 2018|access-date=11 July 2021|website=[[Sify]]|language=en}}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

; Weekly charts

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |Chart (2017–18)
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Peak position
!Reference(s)
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Radio Mirchi]] (Top 20) – Tamil
|"Aalaporaan Thamizhan"
|1
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Latest Tamil songs on Tamil Mirchi Top20 countdown.|url=https://www.radiomirchi.com/more/tamil-top-20/52|access-date=11 July 2021|website=www.radiomirchi.com}}</ref>
|-
|"Neethanae"
|5
|-
|"Mersal Arasan"
|6
|-
|"Maacho"
|7
|}

{{col-2}}

; Year-end charts

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" |Chart (2017)
! scope="col" |Song
! scope="col" |Position
!Reference(s)
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Radio Mirchi]] (Top 100) – Tamil
|"Aalaporaan Thamizhan"
|1
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mirchi Top 100|url=https://www.radiomirchi.com/more/tamil-top-100/|access-date=11 July 2021|website=www.radiomirchi.com}}</ref>
|-
|"Mersal Arasan"
|12
|-
|"Neethanae"
|19
|-
|''[[The Times of India]]'' (Top 10)
|"Aalaporaan Thamizhan"
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 November 2017|title=Tamil Song: Aalaporaan Thamizhan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/best-tamil-songs-top-10-tamil-songs-of-2017/photostory/61846004.cms|access-date=11 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Moviecrow'' (Top 20)
|"Aalaporaan Thamizhan"
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 20 Tamil Songs {{!}} Tamil Songs Ranking {{!}} Recent Tamil Songs Ranking|url=https://www.moviecrow.com/tamil/top-songs/year/2017|access-date=11 July 2021|website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref>
|}

{{col-end}}

; Other chart list

* 2nd (Top 10) – Siddharth K, ''[[Sify]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 10 Albums – 2017|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/top-10-albums---2017-news-tamil-rm2kBkibgjeie.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711171259/https://www.sify.com/movies/top-10-albums---2017-news-tamil-rm2kBkibgjeie.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 July 2021|access-date=11 July 2021|website=[[Sify]]|language=en}}</ref>
* 1st (Top 10) – Ramesh Kannan, ''Moviecrow''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Music Directors And Albums Of Tamil Cinema In 2017|url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/18872/best-music-directors-and-albums-of-tamil-cinema-in-2017|access-date=11 July 2021|website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref>

== Track listing ==
{{track listing
| headline =
| extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[A. R. Rahman]]
| extra4 = [[G.V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Naresh Iyer]], [[Sharanya Srinivas]], T. G. Vishwaprasad
| title4 = Mersal Arasan
| length3 = 4:35
| extra3 = [[Sid Sriram]], [[Shweta Mohan]]
| title3 = Maacho
| length2 = 4:29
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title2 = Neethanae
| length1 = 5:48
| extra1 = [[Kailash Kher]], Sathya Prakash, Deepak Blue, [[Pooja Vaidyanath]]
| title1 = [[Aalaporaan Thamizhan]]
| total_length = 19:09
| length4 = 4:16
| all_writing = [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
}}

== Awards and nominations ==

{{See also|List of accolades received by Mersal}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" |Award{{efn|Awards, festivals and organizations are in alphabetical order.}}
! scope="col" |Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col" |Category
! scope="col" |Recipient(s)
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |10 January 2018
|Best Music Director
|{{sort|Rahman|[[A. R. Rahman]]}}{{efn|Also for ''[[Kaatru Veliyidai]]''|name=Music}}
| {{won}}
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="AVW1">{{cite news|last=Upadhyaya|first=Prakash|date=11 January 2018|title=Vijay's Mersal wins big at Vikatan Cinema Awards 2017 [See Complete Winners List]|work=International Business Times|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/vikatan-cinema-awards-vijays-mersal-wins-big-ajith-bags-best-hard-working-actor-vivegam-756538|url-status=live|accessdate=21 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121155032/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/vikatan-cinema-awards-vijays-mersal-wins-big-ajith-bags-best-hard-working-actor-vivegam-756538|archivedate=21 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="AVW2">{{cite web|date=11 January 2018|title=ஆனந்த விகடன் சினிமா விருதுகள் 2017 – திறமைக்கு மரியாதை|url=https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2018-jan-17/ananda-vikatan-awards/137757-ananda-vikatan-awards-2017.html|url-status=live|work=[[Ananda Vikatan]]|language=Tamil|accessdate=21 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121155037/https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2018-jan-17/ananda-vikatan-awards/137757-ananda-vikatan-awards-2017.html|archivedate=21 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
|Best Playback Singer — Female
|{{sort|Ghoshal|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]}} for "Neethane"{{efn|Also for "Mazhaikulle" from ''[[Puriyatha Puthir]]''}}
| {{won}}
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" |[[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards]]
| rowspan="3" |26 February 2018
|Best Male Playback Singer
|Sathyaprakash for "[[Aalaporaan Thamizhan]]"
| {{won}}
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Edison">{{cite news|last=Upadhyaya|first=Prakash|date=26 February 2018|title=Ilayathalapathy Vijay's Mersal sweeps Edison Awards [winners' list]|work=International Business Times|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/11th-edison-awards-vijays-mersal-wins-big-complete-winners-list-2017-761866|url-status=live|accessdate=29 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429105814/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/11th-edison-awards-vijays-mersal-wins-big-complete-winners-list-2017-761866|archivedate=29 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|Best Lyricist
|[[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
| {{won}}
|-
|Best Choreographer
|[[Shobi (choreographer)|Shobi]]
| {{won}}
|-
! rowspan="7" scope="row" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="7" |[[65th Filmfare Awards South|16 June 2018]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|Best Music Director – Tamil]]
|{{sort|Rahman|[[A. R. Rahman]]}}
| {{won}}
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="FFNom">{{cite web|date=4 June 2018|title=Nominations for the 65th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) 2018|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28652-1.html|url-status=live|work=[[Filmfare]]|accessdate=4 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604163156/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28652.html|archivedate=4 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="FFWin">{{cite news|date=17 June 2018|title=Winners: 65th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) 2018|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/winners-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018/articleshow/64617904.cms|url-status=live|accessdate=17 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617071126/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/winners-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018/articleshow/64617904.cms|archivedate=17 June 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Tamil|Best Male Playback Singer – Tamil]]
|{{sort|Rahman|[[A. R. Rahman]]}} for "Neethane"
| {{nom}}
|-
|{{sort|Sriram|[[Sid Sriram]]}} for "Macho"
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil|Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil]]
|{{sort|Ghoshal|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]}} for "Neethane"
| {{nom}}
|-
|{{sort|Mohan|[[Shweta Mohan]]}} for "Macho"
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Tamil|Best Lyricist – Tamil]]
|[[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]] for "Aalaporaan Thamizhan"
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]] for "Neethane"
| {{nom}}
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| rowspan="5" |[[7th South Indian International Movie Awards|14 – 15 September 2018]]
|Best Music Director
|{{sort|Rahman|[[A. R. Rahman]]}}{{efn|name=Music}}
| {{won}}
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="SIIMA1">{{cite web|last=Goyal|first=Divya|date=15 August 2018|title=SIIMA 2018 Nominations: Vijay's Mersal Beats Madhavan And Vijay Sethupathi's Vikram Vedha|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/siima-2018-nominations-vijays-mersal-beats-madhavan-and-vijay-sethupathis-vikram-vedha-1901012|url-status=live|publisher=[[NDTV]]|accessdate=10 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910171301/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/siima-2018-nominations-vijays-mersal-beats-madhavan-and-vijay-sethupathis-vikram-vedha-1901012|archivedate=10 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="SIIMA2">{{cite news|last=Hooli|first=Shekhar H.|date=16 September 2018|title=SIIMA Awards 2018 – Tamil winners list and photos: Vijay's Mersal tops list with 5 honours|work=International Business Times|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-2018-tamil-winners-list-photos-vijays-mersal-tops-list-5-honours-780694|url-status=live|accessdate=18 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918112557/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-2018-tamil-winners-list-photos-vijays-mersal-tops-list-5-honours-780694|archivedate=18 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
|Best Lyricist
|[[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]] for "Aalaporaan Thamizhan"
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |Best Male Playback Singer
|{{sort|Rahman|[[A. R. Rahman]]}} for "Neethane"
| {{nom}}
|-
|{{sort|Sriram|[[Sid Sriram]]}} for "Macho"
| {{won}}
|-
|Best Female Playback Singer
|{{sort|Ghoshal|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]}} for "Neethane"
| {{nom}}
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row" |[[Techofes|Techofes Awards]]
| rowspan="4" |19 February 2018
|Best Male Playback Singer
|Sathyaprakash for "Aalaporaan Thamizhan"
| {{won}}
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Techofes2">{{cite news|author=ஸ்கிரீனன்|date=19 February 2018|title=இதுவரை 'மெர்சல்' செய்துள்ள சாதனைகள்: பட்டியலிட்ட படக்குழு|language=Tamil|trans-title=Mersal's achievements thus far: List given by Crew|work=[[The Hindu (Tamil)|The Hindu Tamil]]|url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/cinema/tamil-cinema/article22795343.ece|url-status=live|accessdate=18 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418010350/http://tamil.thehindu.com/cinema/tamil-cinema/article22795343.ece|archivedate=18 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|Best Female Playback Singer
|{{sort|Vaidyanath|[[Pooja Vaidyanath]]}} for "Aalaporaan Thamizhan"
| {{won}}
|-
|Best Lyricist
|[[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
| {{won}}
|-
|Best Choreographer
|Shobi
| {{won}}
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row" |[[Vijay Awards]]
| rowspan="4" |[[10th Vijay Awards|3 June 2018]]
|[[Vijay Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
|{{sort|Rahman|[[A. R. Rahman]]}} for "Neethane"
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Vijay1">{{cite news|last=Upadhyaya|first=Prakash|date=4 June 2018|title=Vijay Awards 2018: Here is the complete list of winners [Photos]|work=[[International Business Times]]|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vijay-awards-2018-catch-live-updates-event-photos-complete-winners-list-770862|url-status=live|accessdate=4 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604112225/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vijay-awards-2018-catch-live-updates-event-photos-complete-winners-list-770862|archivedate=4 June 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
|{{sort|Ghoshal|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]}} for "Neethane"
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
|[[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]] for "Aalaporaan Thamizhan"
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[Vijay Award for Favourite Song|Favourite Song]]
|"Aalaporaan Thamizhan"
| {{won}}
|}

== Legacy ==
The success of the soundtrack prompted its contributor [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]], to become a leading lyricist in a short span of time after his debut work in ''[[36 Vayadhinile]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kandavel |first=Sangeetha|date=11 May 2019|title=Working with Vijay was a learning experience: lyricist Vivek|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/working-with-humble-vijay-anna-was-a-learning-experience-lyricist-vivek/article27104273.ece|access-date=11 July 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|6485666|title=Mersal (soundtrack)}}
{{A. R. Rahman}}

[[Category:2017 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Tamil film soundtracks]]
[[Category:A. R. Rahman soundtracks]]
[[Category:Sony Music India soundtracks]]
[[Category:Action film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Thriller film soundtracks]]

Sadhana Singh

2026-03-14T04:57:48Z

RoseKort2620073: started!

{{short description|Indian film and television actress}}
{{about||the Indian politician|Sadhana Singh (politician)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sadhana Singh
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| caption = 2016 by Author Raghuvaman
| birth_name = Sadhana Singh
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Varanasi]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|Singer}}
| years_active = 1982–present
| relatives =
| known_for = Gunja in [[Nadiya Ke Paar (1982 film)|Nadiya Ke Paar]]
| notable_works = ''Nadiya Ke Paar, Piya Milan, Sasural, Sur Sangam, Jugni''
| spouse = Rajkumar Shahabadi
| children = [[Sheena Shahabadi]]
}}

'''Sadhana Singh''' is an Indian actress who appears in [[Hindi]] films and television.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/didn-t-want-to-break-the-image-that-my-audience-loved/story-wLHekctWz77hbtEfZcrxFM.html |title=Didn't want to break the image that my audience loved |last=Navleen Kaur |first=Lakhi |date=27 February 2014 |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=14 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-in-pics-remember-sadhana-singh-aka-gunja-from-the-film-nadiya-ke-paar-here-s-how-she-looks-now-2538894 |title=In Pics: Remember Sadhana Singh aka Gunja from the film 'Nadiya Ke Paar'? |last=DNA Web Team |date=23 August 2017 |website=DNA India |access-date=14 September 2017}}</ref> Her first magazine shot was done by Pardeep Mishra. She started her film career with the 1982 film ''[[Nadiya Ke Paar (1982 film)|Nadiya Ke Paar]]'', by writer-director Govind Moonis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/nadiya-ke-paar-director-moonis-passes-away/681208 |title=Nadiya Ke Paar' Director Moonis Passes Away |date=6 May 2010 |website=Outlook |access-date=14 September 2017}}</ref>

Sadhana<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thedailyeye.info/post.php?id=b6a57d628ff44380&title=Sadhana-Singh-replaces-Alka-Kaushal-in-Sony-Pal%27s-Hamari-Sister-Didi! |title=Sadhana Singh replaces Alka Kaushal in Sony Pal's Hamari Sister Didi! |last=Sharma |first=Phalguni |date=24 September 2014 |website=The Daily Eye |access-date=14 September 2017}}</ref> attained popularity after the release of the film ''[[Nadiya Ke Paar (1982 film)|Nadiya Ke Paar]]'' and started being called Gunja,<ref name=":4" /> the character she played in the film. Gunja was an innocent looking village girl who fell in love with Chandan, brother-in-law of her elder sister, in the film. She has acted in more than twenty [[Bollywood]] and Indian regional language films.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Gunjaa-cries-for-widows/articleshow/559257.cms |title=Gunjaa cries for widows |last=Singh |first=Bhanu Pratap |date=14 March 2004 |website=The Times of India |access-date=14 September 2017}}</ref> ''[[Jugni (2016 film)|Jugni]],''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/movie-reviews/220116/movie-review-jugni-fresh-idea-with-a-confusing-story.html |title=Movie Review 'Jugni': Soulful musical with a fresh idea |last=TARANNUM |first=ASIRA |date=22 January 2016 |website=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=14 September 2017}}</ref> ''[[Mukkabaaz]],''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tiff.net/tiff/the-brawler/ |title=The Brawler (Mukkabaaz) |website=The Brawler}}</ref> and ''[[Super 30 (film)|Super 30]]'' are some of her recent films. Apart from films, she also acted in many popular TV serials.

==Early life==
Sadhana was born into a [[Hindus|Hindu]] family in [[Varanasi]], Uttar Pradesh. Her family hails from the Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref name=":0" />

==Personal life==
She is married to film producer Rajkumar Shahabadi. Rajkumar is the son of Vishwanath Prasad Shahabadi – a film producer from [[Shahabad district|Shahabad]], Bihar who was involved in producing [[Bhojpuri cinema]]'s first film, ''[[Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oddbuteven.com/2016/05/heroins-are-get-married-after-first.html |title=Heroins are get married after the first film was hit |website=Odd But Even |access-date=14 September 2017 |archive-date=15 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915160657/http://www.oddbuteven.com/2016/05/heroins-are-get-married-after-first.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/first-bhojpuri-film-to-be-screened-during-bihar-divas-news-national-ldruEnghijgsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021005554/http://www.sify.com/movies/first-bhojpuri-film-to-be-screened-during-bihar-divas-news-national-ldruEnghijgsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 October 2017 |title=First Bhojpuri film to be screened during Bihar Divas |date=17 March 2011 |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=18 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> The couple has a daughter and a son. Her daughter [[Sheena Shahabadi]] is also an actress. She also has a sister named, Surinder Kaur Singh who is also a television actress who is famous for her roles of Amrit Balwant Walia in ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]'' and Uma Rajendra Pratapsingh in ''[[Banoo Main Teri Dulhann]]''.

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1982
|''[[Nadiya Ke Paar (1982 film)|Nadiya Ke Paar]]''
|Gunja
|
|-
|1984
|''[[Sasural (1984 film)|Sasural]]''
|Chanda
|
|-
|1985
|[[List of Bollywood films of 1985|''Piya Milan'']]
|
|
|-
|1985
|''Papi Sansar''
|
|
|-
|1985
|''Yeh Kaisa Farz''
|
|
|-
|1985
|''[[Sur Sangam]]''
|Sharda
|
|-
|1985
|''Tulsi''
|
|
|-
|1986
|''Durgaa Maa''
|Parvati
|
|-
|1987
|''[[Parivaar (1987 film)|Parivaar]]''
|Bobby's mother
|
|-
|1987
|''Nafrat''
|
|
|-
|1988
|''[[Falak (1988 film)|Falak]]''
|Shanti
|
|-
|1989
|''Aurat Aur Patthar''
|
|
|-
|1991
|''Pyar Ka Sawan''
|
|
|-
|1994
|''[[Aag Aandhi Aur Toofan]]''
|
|
|-
|2016
|''[[Jugni (2016 film)|Jugni]]''
|Bibi Saroop
|
|-
|2017
|''[[Mukkabaaz]]''
|Meera Mishra, Sunaina's mother
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Super 30 (film)|Super 30]]''
|Jayanti Kumar
|
|-
|2019
|''Zindagi Tumse''
|Mamta
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Guilty Minds]]''
|Mumtaz
|
|}
|2022
|''[[Dronacharya (Short Film)|Dronacharya]]''
|Shakuntala Shastri
|
==TV series==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Shows
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1997
|''[[Ghar Jamai (TV series)|Ghar Jamai]]''
|Paghwan/Prakash Kaur/Parkash beebi
|
|-
|1998
|''[[X Zone]]''
|
|
|-
|2001
|[[Maan (Indian TV series)|''Maan'']]
|Vandana Kathpalia
|
|-
|2001
|''Chalti Ka Naam Antakshar''
|
|
|-
|2001
|''[[Kabhi To Milenge]]''
|
|
|-
|2003
|''[[Pyar Zindagi Hai]]''
|
|
|-
|2004
|''[[Saarrthi]]''
|Shakuntala Goenka
|
|-
|2004
|''[[Prratima]]''
|
|
|-
|2006
|''[[Pyaar Ke Do Naam: Ek Raadha, Ek Shyaam]]''
|Mamata Sahay
|
|-
|2008
|''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]''
|Tejassi "Teji" Maan
|
|-
|2011
|''[[Phulwa]]''
|Sharbati's mother
|
|-
|2014
|''[[Hamari Sister Didi]]''
|Kamini Kapoor
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Santoshi Maa (TV series)|Santoshi Maa]]''
|Vidya Raghavendra Mishra
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0802218}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|sadhana-singh}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Sadhana}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]

King's Baton Relay

2026-03-10T00:53:07Z

RoseKort2620073:

{{Short description|Relay held worldwide prior to the Commonwealth Games}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

{{Commonwealth Games sidebar}}

The '''King's Baton Relay''' is a relay around the world held prior to the beginning of the [[Commonwealth Games]]. The baton carries a message from the [[Head of the Commonwealth]], currently [[King Charles III]]. The relay traditionally begins at [[Buckingham Palace]] in [[London]], where the King entrusts the baton to the first relay runner. At the opening ceremony of the Games, the final relay runner hands the torch back to the King or his representative, who reads the message aloud to officially open the Games. The King's Baton Relay is similar to the [[Olympic Torch Relay]].<ref name=RelayTradition>{{cite web |url=http://qbr.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=tradition |title=Queen's Baton Relay: The tradition continues... |publisher=Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games Corporation |access-date=15 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211012817/http://qbr.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=tradition |archive-date=11 February 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Started as the '''Queen's Baton Relay''' for the [[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|1958 Games]], the relay has been included in every games ever since. Following the [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II|death of Queen Elizabeth II]] in 2022, King Charles III became the Head of the Commonwealth, leading to the relay being renamed as the '''King's Baton Relay''' for the [[2026 Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.glasgow2026.com/about/questions | title=Glasgow 2026 }}</ref>

==History==

At the [[1930 British Empire Games|inaugural games]], held in 1930 in [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ontario]], a message from King [[George V]] was read to the competitors. In 1936, [[Australia]]n runner Rowley Bateman proposed a relay from [[Canberra]] to [[Sydney]] carrying a goodwill message for the [[1938 British Empire Games|1938 Sydney games]]. A baton relay from [[Mountain Ash, Rhondda Cynon Taf|Mountain Ash]] to [[Pontypridd]] to commemorate the centenary of the Welsh national anthem was organised in 1956 by athletics official [[Bernard Baldwin]], who proposed something similar for the finale of the Commonwealth Games.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Queen's Baton Relay History Timeline |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/timelines/44 |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=www.insidethegames.biz}}</ref> Baldwin later founded the traditional New Year's Eve race 'Nos Galan' in Mountain Ash.

The Relay has been involved in every games since the [[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games]] in [[Cardiff]], [[Wales]]. The Relay for the [[1998 Commonwealth Games|1998 Games]] in [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] was the first to incorporate a more expansive relay to other nations of the Commonwealth. The [[2002 Commonwealth Games]] Relay covered over {{convert|100,000|km|mi|abbr=off}} and went through 23 nations.<ref name=RelayTradition />

Rather than beginning at Buckingham Palace, the 1970 relay began in at [[Yellowknife]] in [[Canada]]'s [[Northwest Territories]] before the baton was flown to [[Scotland]].<ref name=":8" />

==Editions==

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;
|-
! style="width:5%;" | Year
! style="width:20%;" | Relay
! style="width:75%;"| Description
|-
|1958
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''
for the

'''[[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VI British Empire and Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|Wales}} [[Cardiff]], [[Wales]]
</div>
|The 1958 silver-gilt and enamel baton was designed by Cardiff jeweller and former soldier, Colonel [[Roy Crouch]], Chairman of the Games' Medals Committee. Measuring {{convert|40|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length and {{convert|4|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=on}} in diameter, it was decorated with Welsh national symbols, namely a red dragon, daffodils and leeks, along with crowns representing the royal connection.

On 14 July 1958, the baton relay set off from the forecourt of London's Buckingham Palace, the residence of Her Majesty The Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, before travelling through several [[English counties]] and all thirteen [[Historic counties of Wales|Welsh counties]] on its journey to Cardiff.
|-
|1962
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''
for the

'''[[1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VII British Empire and Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Perth]], [[Australia]]
</div>
|
|-
|1966
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''
for the

'''[[1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VIII British Empire and Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|Jamaica}} [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]], [[Jamaica]]
</div>
|
|-
|1970
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''
for the

'''[[1970 British Commonwealth Games|IX British Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|Scotland}} [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]]
</div>
|
|-
|1974
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''
for the

'''[[1974 British Commonwealth Games|X British Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Christchurch]], [[New Zealand]]
</div>
|
|-
|1978
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''
for the

'''[[1978 Commonwealth Games|XI Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|Canada}} [[Edmonton]], [[Canada]]
</div>
|
|-
|1982
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''
for the

'''[[1982 Commonwealth Games|XII Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Brisbane]], [[Australia]]
</div>
|
|-
|1986
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''
for the

'''[[1986 Commonwealth Games|XIII Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|Scotland}} [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]]
</div>
|
|-
|1990
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''
for the

'''[[XIV Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]]
</div>
|For the [[1990 Commonwealth Games]], the baton was a two-piece affair. Each piece went on its own individual relay run in the North and South Islands of New Zealand, only being joined back together in the final week before the Games began.
|-
|1994
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''
for the

'''[[XV Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|Canada}} [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]], [[Canada]]
</div>
|For the [[1994 Commonwealth Games]], the Baton was fashioned from sterling silver and was engraved with traditional symbols of the creative artists' families and cultures, including a wolf, a raven and an eagle with a frog in its mouth.
|-
|1998
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''
for the

'''[[XVI Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]
</div>
|For the [[1998 Commonwealth Games]], Malaysia gave their own flavour to the Games. On opening ceremony night the Queen's Baton began its journey to the stadium by elephant. The baton was presented to [[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]] by Malaysia's 1950 Commonwealth weightlifting gold medallist [[Koh Eng Tong]]. The Baton design was inspired by a traditional Malay artifact, the 'Gobek', which is a unique cylindrical areca nut-pounder widely used and displayed in Malay homes. The baton was produced by a local company, [[Mariwasa Kraftangan Sdn Bhd]], using pure silver with gold trimming. It left Buckingham Palace on 9 March 1998.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://kl98.thecgf.com/gamesop/queen.html|title=Queen's baton relay|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-date=7 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207094938/http://kl98.thecgf.com/gamesop/queen.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=1998&dt=0310&pub=Utusan_Express&sec=Front_Page&pg=fp_02.htm|title=Queen Hands Over Games Baton|work=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-date=5 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405025706/http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=1998&dt=0310&pub=Utusan_Express&sec=Front_Page&pg=fp_02.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2002
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''

for the

'''[[XVII Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|England}} [[Manchester]], [[England]]
</div>
|The '''2002 Queen's Baton Relay''' (also known as Queen's Jubilee Baton Relay) was launched on [[Commonwealth Day]], 11 March 2002, on the historic forecourt at [[Buckingham Palace]]. The baton traveled almost 59,000 miles via 23 commonwealth nations and territories over 87 days before opening the games on 25 July 2002. [[Cadbury]] was the presenting partner of the relay and sponsor of the games.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://m2002.thecgf.com/Home/Queen%27s_Baton_Relay/Key_Relay_Facts/default.asp|title=Key Relay Facts|website=m2002.thecgf.com|access-date=2017-09-10|archive-date=18 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318190821/http://m2002.thecgf.com/Home/Queen%27s_Baton_Relay/Key_Relay_Facts/default.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Baton was designed by a company called [[IDEO]] and was constructed of machined aluminium with the handle plated for conductivity. It weighed {{convert|1.69|kg|lb|frac=4|abbr=on}}, reaches over {{convert|710|mm|in|abbr=on}}, and is {{convert|42.5 to 85|mm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} in diameter. The Queen's message itself was held in an aluminium capsule inserted into the top of the Baton. On either side of the Baton were two sterling silver coins, designed by [[Mappin & Webb|Mappin and Webb]], which celebrated the City of [[Manchester]] as host of the XVII Commonwealth Games.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/2002/baton/batondesign.shtml|title=BBC Manchester 2002 Commonwealth Games - The Queen's Jubilee Baton Relay|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-09-10|archive-date=24 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124164338/http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/2002/baton/batondesign.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
It arrived at the [[City of Manchester Stadium]] carried by Aerialist [[Lindsey Butcher]] who descended to pass the baton to heptathon champion [[Denise Lewis]]. The baton was eventually presented to the Queen by [[David Beckham]] accompanied by [[Kirsty Howard]] who had been born with a rare heart condition.
|-
|2006
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''

for the

'''[[XVIII Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]]
</div>
|The '''2006 Queen's Baton Relay''' was the world's longest, most inclusive relay, travelling more than {{convert|180,000|km|mi|abbr=off}} and visiting all 71 nations that then sent teams to the Commonwealth Games{{efn|At that time, the Commonwealth of Nations had 53 members (the then current total was 54 after Rwanda's entry in 2009). However, the four [[Home Nations]] send separate teams to the Commonwealth Games, as do individual British [[Crown dependency|Crown Dependencies]], several British overseas territories, the Australian external territory of [[Norfolk Island]], and two non-sovereign states in free association with New Zealand, the [[Cook Islands]] and [[Niue]].}} in one year and a day. The Queen's Baton Relay started, as it traditionally does, at Buckingham Palace and ended in [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]] at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]]. It carried a message from [[Elizabeth II|the Queen]] to the [[2006 Commonwealth Games Opening Ceremony|Opening Ceremony]] of the [[Commonwealth Games]]. [[Fremantle Dockers]] Captain [[Matthew Pavlich]] carried the baton through Fremantle, he received the baton from community nominee and local businessman [[Peter Taliangis]].
The baton contained 71 lights on the front, representing the 71 member nations of the Commonwealth Games Federation. A video camera built into the front of the baton recorded continuously as the baton travelled, and a [[GPS]] tracker was fitted, so that the baton's location could be viewed live on the Commonwealth Games Website. The front face of the baton contained the detachable Queen's Message Button. The Button is a digital storage device, onto which the Queen's Message to the Athletes of the XVIII Commonwealth Games was encoded.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://cv.vic.gov.au/stories/sporting-life/spirit-of-the-games-the-queens-baton/the-melbourne-2006-queen-s-baton/|title=The Melbourne 2006 Queen's Baton - Spirit of the Games - The Queen's Baton - Culture Victoria|website=Culture Victoria|language=en|access-date=2017-08-26|archive-date=26 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826120755/https://cv.vic.gov.au/stories/sporting-life/spirit-of-the-games-the-queens-baton/the-melbourne-2006-queen-s-baton/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2010
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''

for the

'''[[XIX Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|India}} [[Delhi]], [[India]]
</div>
|The '''2010 Queen's Baton Relay''' began as the Baton left Buckingham Palace on 29 October 2009, travelling throughout the 70 nations of the Commonwealth, reaching India on 25 June 2010 by crossing through [[Wagah]] from [[Pakistan]]. When the baton relay began at Buckingham Palace, the then-[[President of India]], [[Pratibha Patil]], was present. The Final Baton Runner [[Sushil Kumar (wrestler)|Sushil Kumar]] handed over the baton to [[Prince Charles]], who with President Pratibha Patil opened the Games.<ref name=":5">[http://english.samaylive.com/nation/676466754.html CWG 2010 Queen's baton arrives in India CWG 2010 Queen's baton arrives in India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111142051/http://english.samaylive.com/nation/676466754.html|date=11 January 2012}}</ref>

The baton was designed by Michael Foley, a graduate of the [[National Institute of Design]]. Made from aluminium twisted into a [[helix]], it was coated with soils from the various regions of India, and held the Queen's message (printed on an 18 carat [[gold leaf]], representing gold's qualities and symbolism of power in India) within a jeweled box. The baton also incorporated a video camera and microphone, [[Light-emitting diode|LED lighting]] (which set its color scheme to match the flag of the nation it was travelling through), and [[GPS]] tracking.
|-
|2014
|<div style="text-align: center;">'''<big>Queen's Baton Relay</big>'''

for the

'''[[XX Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|Scotland}} [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]]
</div>
|The '''2014 Queen's Baton Relay''' began its {{convert|190,000|km|mi|abbr=on}} journey on 9 October 2013. The baton traveled via 70 nations and territories over 288 days before opening the games on 23 July 2014. At the [[2014 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony|ceremony]], 32 inspiring volunteers from across Scotland carried the baton around Celtic Park Stadium after being nominated for giving their time to developing the nation's youth through sport. The baton was then passed to Sir [[Chris Hoy]], who delivered it to [[President of the Commonwealth Games Federation]] [[Prince Imran]] and the Queen who then declared the Games open. The BBC provided coverage of the relay.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-24733934 |title=BBC Coverage of the Queen's Baton Relay |date=19 August 2015 |access-date=25 December 2019 |archive-date=30 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130184909/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-24733934 |url-status=live }}</ref> Adventurer [[Mark Beaumont (cyclist)|Mark Beaumont]] presented a series of documentaries filmed on the relay for [[BBC One Scotland]], there were also weekly updates for [[BBC News (British TV channel)|BBC News]] and a BBC News website and blog written by Mark.
The product design consultancy awarded the contract to the design of the 2014 Queen's Baton is a local Glasgow company called 4c Design.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |url=http://www.4cdesign.co.uk/blog/category/queens-baton-relay/ |title=Designers of the Glasgow 2014 Queen's Baton |access-date=25 June 2013 |archive-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825023211/http://www.4cdesign.co.uk/blog/category/queens-baton-relay/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 4c Design wanted the 2014 baton to be true to the original intentions of the first relay and so wanted to focus the design around the Queen's handwritten message. Also rather than using cutting edge electronics, they choose to focus on cutting edge manufacturing. This all culminated in the Queen's message being internally illuminated to hint at the secret within, then surrounded by a titanium lattice framework that was grown using the latest additive manufacturing technology. At the top is a puzzle mechanism that dispenses granite gemstones to each of the Commonwealth nations and territories the baton visits, inviting them to join Glasgow at the Games. The puzzle mechanism also has a second function of keeping the message safely locked away until the opening ceremony, where the second stage of the puzzle will be unveiled. The handle of the Queen's Baton is made of Elm wood which came from the [[Isle of Cumbrae]] in Scotland. The Elm tree was felled by a local man called David Stevenson in the grounds of the [[Garrison House]] and the baton itself is crafted using an old boat building technique called bird mouthing.
|-
|2018
|<div style="text-align: center;">
'''<big>[[2018 Commonwealth Games Queen's baton relay|Queen's Baton Relay]]</big>'''

for the

'''[[XXI Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]], [[Australia]]
</div>
|The '''2018 Queen's Baton Relay''' was launched on [[Commonwealth Day]], 13 March 2017, on the historic forecourt at [[Buckingham Palace]], signalling the official countdown to the start of the Games. Accompanied by the [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Duke of Edinburgh]] and [[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]] The Earl of Wessex, Her Majesty [[Queen Elizabeth II]] heralded the start of the relay by placing her 'message to the Commonwealth and its athletes' into the distinctive loop-design Queen's Baton which then set off on its journey around the globe. It traveled for 388 days, spending time in every nation and territory of the Commonwealth. The Gold Coast 2018 Queen's Baton Relay was the longest in Commonwealth Games history. Covering {{convert|230,000|km|mi|abbr=on}} over 388 days, the baton made its way through the six Commonwealth regions of Africa, the Americas, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia and Oceania. The baton landed on Australian soil in December 2017 and then spent 100 days travelling through Australia, finishing its journey at the Opening Ceremony on 4 April 2018, where the message was removed from the Baton and read aloud by [[Charles, Prince of Wales]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecgf.com/qbr/|title=Commonwealth Games Federation - Queen's Baton Relay|website=www.thecgf.com|access-date=2017-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722223805/http://www.thecgf.com/qbr/|archive-date=22 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> For the first time, the Queen's baton was presented at the [[Commonwealth Youth Games]] during its [[2017 Commonwealth Youth Games|sixth edition]] in 2017 which were held in [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]], [[Bahamas]].<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1043876/design-and-route-for-gold-coast-2018-queens-baton-relay-revealed|title=Design and route for Gold Coast 2018 Queen's Baton Relay revealed|date=2016-11-20|access-date=2017-09-07|archive-date=8 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021619/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1043876/design-and-route-for-gold-coast-2018-queens-baton-relay-revealed|url-status=live}}</ref>

The baton for the Gold Coast 2018 was designed by Brisbane-based company Designworks to reflect the local culture and life of Queensland. Designed for each Games by the host nation, the 2018 Queen's Baton has been made using macadamia wood and reclaimed plastic, sourced from Gold Coast waterways, and inspired by the region's vibrant spirit and indigenous heritage.
|-
|2022
|<div style="text-align: center;">
'''<big>[[2022 Commonwealth Games Queen's Baton Relay|Queen's Baton Relay]]</big>'''

for the

'''[[XXII Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|England}} [[Birmingham]], [[England]]
</div>
|The '''2022 Queen's Baton Relay''' started on 7 October 2021 at [[Buckingham Palace]]. It was the last baton relay before the [[death of Queen Elizabeth II]] on 8 September in the same year.
|-
|2026
|<div style="text-align: center;">
'''<big>[[2026 Commonwealth Games King's Baton Relay|King's Baton Relay]]</big>'''

for the

'''[[XXIII Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|Scotland}} [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]]
</div>
|The '''2026 King's Baton Relay''' was the first baton relay under the reign of [[King Charles III]] (since 8 September 2022). It began on 10 March 2025 at Buckingham Palace. For the first time, every Commonwealth nation and territory will receive their own batons.<ref>https://www.commonwealthsport.com/kings-baton-relay</ref>
|-
|2030
|<div style="text-align: center;">
'''<big>[[2030 Commonwealth Games King's Baton Relay|King's Baton Relay]]</big>'''

for the

'''[[XXIV Commonwealth Games]]'''

{{Flagicon|India }} [[Amdavad]], [[India]]
</div>
|The '''2030 King's Baton Relay''' will begin in 2029.

|}

==Final Baton Runners==

{| class=wikitable
! Games !! Baton-carrier
|-
| [[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|Cardiff 1958]]
| [[Ken Jones (rugby union, born 1921)|Ken Jones]]
|-
| [[1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|Perth 1962]]
| [[Phil Afford]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1047992/passing-the-baton-a-history-of-the-commonwealth-games-relay |title=Passing the Baton: A history of the Commonwealth Games Relay |access-date=8 April 2018 |archive-date=9 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409043418/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1047992/passing-the-baton-a-history-of-the-commonwealth-games-relay |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|Kingston 1966]]
| [[Keith Gardner]], [[Paul Foreman]], [[Ernle Haisley]], [[Laurie Khan]], [[Mel Spence]]
|-
| [[1970 British Commonwealth Games|Edinburgh 1970]]
| [[Eileen Coughlan]]
|-
| [[1974 British Commonwealth Games|Christchurch 1974]]
| [[Sylvia Potts]]
|-
| [[1978 Commonwealth Games|Edmonton 1978]]
| [[Diane Jones-Konihowski]]
|-
| [[1982 Commonwealth Games|Brisbane 1982]]
| [[Raelene Boyle]]
|-
| [[1986 Commonwealth Games|Edinburgh 1986]]
| [[Allan Wells]]
|-
| [[1990 Commonwealth Games|Auckland 1990]]
| [[Peter Snell]]
|-
| [[1994 Commonwealth Games|Victoria 1994]]
| [[Myriam Bédard]]
|-
| [[1998 Commonwealth Games|Kuala Lumpur 1998]]
| [[Koh Eng Tong]]
|-
| [[2002 Commonwealth Games|Manchester 2002]]
| [[David Beckham]] and [[Kirsty Howard]]
|-
| [[2006 Commonwealth Games|Melbourne 2006]]
| [[John Landy]]
|-
| [[2010 Commonwealth Games|Delhi 2010]]
| [[Sushil Kumar (wrestler)|Sushil Kumar]]
|-
| [[2014 Commonwealth Games|Glasgow 2014]]
| Sir [[Chris Hoy]]
|-
| [[2018 Commonwealth Games|Gold Coast 2018]]
| [[Sally Pearson]]
|-
| [[2022 Commonwealth Games|Birmingham 2022]]
| [[Denise Lewis]]
|-
| [[2026 Commonwealth Games|Glasgow 2026]]
| TBA
|-
| [[2030 Commonwealth Games|Amdavad 2030]]
| TBA
|-
|}

==See also==

* [[Olympic Flame]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.insidethegames.biz/timelines/44 Queen’s Baton Relay History Timeline]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140720004555/http://www.glasgow2014.com/celebrate/queens-baton-relay Official website of 2014 Queen's Baton Relay]}}
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-24733934 BBC Coverage of 2014 Queen's Baton Relay]
* [http://www.4cdesign.co.uk/blog/category/queens-baton-relay/ 2014 Queen's Baton Designers]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100927050812/http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/baton_relay/follow_baton Official website of 2010 Queen's Baton Relay]}}
* [http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=qbr Official website of 2006 Queen's Baton Relay]
* [http://www.commonwealthgames.org.nz/Article.aspx?ID=3799 ''Queen's Baton Relay'' on New Zealand Commonwealth Games website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529232814/http://www.commonwealthgames.org.nz/Article.aspx?ID=3799 |date=29 May 2010 }}
* [https://www.gc2018.com/qbr "Queen's Baton Relay" on Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925043338/https://gc2018.com/qbr |date=25 September 2018 }}

{{Commonwealth Games years}}
{{Commonwealth of Nations topics}}{{Portal bar|Sports}}

[[Category:Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Queen's baton relays| ]]
[[Category:Torch relays]]

Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa

2026-03-03T22:19:25Z

RoseKort2620073: brief corrected references to improve readability also and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{Short description|Indian astronomer and mathematician (840–900)}}
{{about|an Indian astronomer|the Travancore Diwan|Sankaranarayana Iyen}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{infobox person
| name = Sankaranarayana
| image =
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| birth_name =
| birth_date = c. 840
| birth_place =
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| citizenship =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| employer = Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara
| notable works = ''Laghubhaskariyavivarana''
| occupation = Astronomer-mathematician
| years_active =
| height =
| boards =
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}}
'''Sankaranarayana''' (c. 840 – c. 900) was an Indian astronomer-mathematician in the court of [[Sthāṇu Ravi Kulaśekhara|Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara]] (c. 844 – c. 870<ref name=":28">{{Cite book |last=Devadevan |first=Manu V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exzhDwAAQBAJ&q=The+%E2%80%98Early+Medieval%27+Origins+of+India |title=The 'Early Medieval' Origins of India |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2020 |isbn=9781108494571 |location= |pages=150 |chapter=Changes in Land Relations and the Changing Fortunes of the Cēra State}}</ref>) of the early medieval [[Cēra/Perumāl̥ kingdom|Chera kingdom]] in [[Kerala]].<ref name="Joseph">{{cite book |author=Joseph |first=George Gheverghese |title=[[A Passage to Infinity]] |date=2009 |publisher=SAGE Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-321-0168-0 |location=New Delhi |pages=13}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Veluthat |first=Kesavan |url=https://publications.efeo.fr/en/livres/628_south-indian-horizons-felicitation-volume-for-francois-gros-on-the-occasion-of-his-70th-birthday |title=South Indian Horizon: Felicitation Volume for François Gros |publisher=École Française D'Extrême-Orient |year=2004 |pages=471–85 |chapter=Mahodayapuram-Kotunnallur: a Capital City as a Sacred Centre}}</ref> He is celebrated as the author of ''Laghubhaskariyavivarana'' or ''Laghubhaskariyavyakha'', a detailed commentary on astronomical treatise ''Laghubhaskariya'' by 7th century mathematician [[Bhaskara I]] (which in turn was based on the works of the 5th century polymath [[Aryabhata I|Aryabhata]]).<ref>{{cite book |title=Laghubhaskariyavivarana |date=1949 |publisher=TSS |editor=Iyar |editor-first=S. Venkitasubramonia |volume=162 |location=Trivandrum |editor2=Asari |editor-first2=S. Kochukunju}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=O'Connor |first=J. J. |last2=Robertson |first2=E. F. |date=2000 |title=Sankara Narayana |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Sankara/ |website=University of St. Andrews}}</ref>

Sankaranarayana is known to have established an astronomical observatory at the port of Mahodayapuram, present-day [[Koṭuṅṅallūr|Kodungallur]], in central Kerala.<ref name="Joseph" /><ref name=":1">{{cite book |author=Sharma |first=Virendra Nath |url=https://archive.org/details/sawai-jai-singh-and-his-astronomy-virendra-nath-sharma/page/n3/mode/1up |title=Sawai Jai Singh and His Astronomy |date=1995 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |location=Delhi |id={{Listed Invalid ISBN|81-208-1256-X}}}}</ref> ''Laghubhaskariyavivarana'' (Chapter VII) explicitly states that it was composed in [[Saka Year]] 791 (corresponding to 869/70 AD).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Narayanan |first=M. G. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YDCngEACAAJ |title=Perumals of Kerala |publisher=CosmoBooks |year=2013 |isbn=9788188765072 |location=Thrissur (Kerala) |pages=78–79 and 390–91 |orig-date=1972}}</ref> In the second verse of the commentary Sankaranarayana remembers five major predecessors in the field of mathematics (Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Bhaskara I, Govinda and Haridatta), including his possible master [[Govindasvami|Govinda]] (c. 800 – c. 860 AD).<ref name=":0" />

The commentary notably mentions an expert astronomer who had travelled to the [[mleccha]] country.<ref name=":6s2" />

== Scientific contributions ==

=== Astronomical Observatory ===
According to the commentary, Sankaranarayana installed an astronomical observatory at the Chera capital Mahodayapuram (on the Malabar Coast).<ref name="Joseph" /><ref name=":1" />
* There are references to an instrument called "Rasichakra" marked by a "Yantravalaya" in the ''vivarana''. This instrument might be the same as the Golayantra/Chakrayantra mentioned by polymath [[Aryabhata]].<ref name=":2" /> The Chakrayantra was developed further and called Phalakayantra by Bhaskara I.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Narayanan |first=M. G. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YDCngEACAAJ |title=Perumals of Kerala |publisher=CosmoBooks |year=2013 |isbn=9788188765072 |location=Thrissur (Kerala) |pages=390–391 and 408–409|orig-date=1972}}</ref>
{{cquote|''"Oh [king] Ravivarmadeva, now deign to tell us quickly, reading off from the [[armillary sphere]] installed [at the observatory] in Mahodayapura, duly fitted with all the relevant circles and with the sign ([[Degree (angle)|degree]]-[[Minute of arc|minute]]) markings, the time of the rising point of the [[ecliptic]] (''lagna'') when the [[Sun]] is at 10° in the sign of [[Capricornus|Capricorn]], and also when the [[Sun]] is at the end of the sign [[Libra (constellation)|Libra]], which I have noted."''<ref name="University of Chicago Press">{{cite book |url=https://press.uchicago.edu/books/hoc/HOC_V2_B1/Volume2_Book1.html |title=Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies |date=1992 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=0-226-31635-1 |editor=Harley |editor-first=J. B. |series=The History of Cartography |volume=2 (1) |pages=360–61 |editor2=Woodward |editor-first2=David}}</ref>
}}

{{cquote|''"Oh, Ravi, deign to tell us immediately, reading off from the armillary sphere, by means of the reverse vilagna method, the time for offering the daily oblations, when the Sun, shrouded under thick clouds, is 10° in the Sign Leo and also when it is the middle (i.e. 15°) in the Sign Sagittarius."''<ref name="University of Chicago Press">{{cite book |url=https://press.uchicago.edu/books/hoc/HOC_V2_B1/Volume2_Book1.html |title=Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies |date=1992 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=0-226-31635-1 |editor=Harley |editor-first=J. B. |series=The History of Cartography |volume=2 (1) |pages=360–61 |editor2=Woodward |editor-first2=David}}</ref>}}

* At the expiry of every ''ghatika'' (= 24 minutes), drums were sounded by the soldiers (at different corners of the city of Mahodayapuram, such as certain "Balakridesvara") to announce time.<ref name=":6s2">{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://archive.org/details/laghubhaskariyabhaskaracharyavivarnashankarnaraynaed.narayanapillaip.k.universit_123_/page/n1/mode/1up |title=Laghubhaskariya Vivarana |date= |publisher=University of Kerala |year=1974 |isbn= |editor-last=Pillai |editor-first=P. K. Narayana |location=Trivandrum (Kerala) |pages=XX and XXI-XII |orig-date= |orig-year=1949}}</ref>

=== Mathematical contributions ===
* ''Laghubhaskariyavivarana'' covers several the standard mathematical methods of [[Aryabhata I]] such as the solution of the [[indeterminate equation]] [by = ax ± c] (where a, b, and c are [[integer]]s) in integers (which is then applied to astronomical problems by the author).<ref name=":0" /> The standard Indian method involves the use of [[Euclidean algorithm]] called [[Kuṭṭaka|kuttakara]] ("pulveriser").<ref name=":0" />
* The most unusual features of the ''Laghubhaskariyavivarana'' are the uses of [[katapayadi system]] of [[numeration]] and the [[place-value]] [[Sanskrit]] numerals.<ref name=":0" />
* Sankaranarayana is the earliest author known to use katapayadi numeration with the specific name.<ref name=":0" />

== Historiographical significance ==
''Laghubhaskariyavivarana'' describes "great mansions" in the city of the Mahodayapuram.<ref name=":6s2" /> He marks out the city of Mahodayapuram as a "senamukha".<ref name=":02" /> King Ravi Varma had planned to construct an assembly hall in his capital (he had asked the astronomers to fix the purvapararekha and enjoined craftsmen for the construction). A number of specific locations in the capital were also mentioned (such as "Gotramallesvara" — where the royal residence was located — and the "Balakridesvara Ganapati Temple" near to it).<ref name=":6s2" /><ref name=":02" /> Gotramallesvara is identifiable with present-day Lokamallesvaram in [[Koṭuṅṅallūr|Kodungallur]].<ref name=":02" />

=== Identification of king Ravi Kulasekhara with Sthanu ===
Sankaranarayana says that he was patronized by king Ravi, who had the title Kulasekhara (and thus helps in the identification of Chera ruler Sthanu Ravi with Kulasekhara). The opening verse of the commentary gives an indirect invocation or praise to the lord called "Sthanu" (carefully composed to be applicable to god [[Shiva|Siva]] and the ruling king).<ref name=":62">{{Cite book |last=Narayanan |first=M. G. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YDCngEACAAJ |title=Perumals of Kerala |publisher=CosmoBooks |year=2013 |isbn=9788188765072 |location=Thrissur (Kerala) |pages=78–79 |orig-date=1972}}</ref><ref name=":6s2" />{{cquote
| quote = ''"Sa Sthanurjayati trirupasahito lingepi lokarcitah."''
| author = Sankaranarayana
| source = ''Laghubhaskariyavyakha,'' Chapter I
| width = 50%
| align = center
}}

''Laghubhaskariyavivarana,'' according to the commentary itself, was composed in the 25th regnal year of king Ravi Kulasekhara.<ref name=":62" />

=== Date of ''Laghubhaskariyavivarana'' ===
''Laghubhaskariyavivarana'' is dated by the author in three methods.<ref name=":62" />

==== As a Kali Date (when the ruler made enquiries regarding solar eclipse) ====
{{cquote
| quote = ''"Angartvambara nanda devamanubhir yate dinanam gane Graste tigma mayukhamalinitamobhute parahne divi Prsta praggrahanad dvitiyaghatika grasa pramanam raver Bharta sri Kulasekharena vilasad velavrtaya bhuva."''
| author = Sankaranarayana
| source = ''Laghubhaskariyavyakha,'' Chapter IV
| width = 50%
| align = center
}}
* "Angartvambara nanda devamanubhir yate dinanam gane"
** Anga = 6, Rtu = 6, Ambara = 0, Nanda = 9, Veda = 4, and Manu = 14
** Order - 6609414
** Reverse Order - 1449066
* Kali Date - 3967 years and 86 days = 25 Mithuna, [[Malayalam calendar|Kollam Era]] 41<ref name=":62" /> = 866 AD

==== In the Saka Era ====
{{cquote
| quote = ''"Evam Sakabdah punariha candra randhramuni sankhyaya asambhiravagatah."''
| author = Sankaranarayana
| source = ''Laghubhaskariyavyakha,'' Chapter I
| width = 50%
| align = center
}}
* "Sakabdah punariha candra randhramuni sankhyaya"
** Candra = 1, Randhra = 9, and Muni = 7
** Order - 197
** Reverse Order - 791 ([[Shaka era|Saka Year]]) = 870 AD<ref name=":62" />

==== In regnal years ====
{{cquote
| quote = ''"Capapravista guru sauri samatva kalam Yamyottaram gamanamantaratah pramanam Acaksvya sarvamavagamya bhatoktamargad Ityuktavan ravirasena nrpabhivandya." "Tada pancavimsati Varsanyatitani devasya."''
| author = Sankaranarayana
| source = ''Laghubhaskariyavyakha,'' Chapter VII
| width = 50%
| align = center
}}
* Meeting of Guru (=Jupiter) and Sauri (=Saturn) in Capa (Dhanu) = 25th regnal year of the king. In the 9th century, these two planets came to Dhanu Rasi simultaneously only in 869 AD.<ref name=":62" />

==See also==
*[[Indian mathematics]]
*[[History of mathematics]]
*[[List of astronomers and mathematicians of the Kerala school]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Kerala School}}
{{Indian astronomy}}
{{Indian mathematics}}
{{Scientific Research in Kerala |state=collapsed}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sankaranarayana}}
[[Category:Hindu astronomy]]
[[Category:People from Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:9th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:10th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:9th-century Indian astronomers]]
[[Category:10th-century Indian astronomers]]
[[Category:People from the Kodungallur Chera kingdom]]

Joshua Russell Chandran

2026-03-02T04:16:19Z

RoseKort2620073: Created stub...

{{Short description|Indian Christian theologian}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox clergy
| name = Joshua Chandran
| image =
| image_size = 125px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1918|05|06}}
| birth_place = Kadamangudi<ref>Chronicle-Express, 22 August 1963.</ref>, Thanjavur district, [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2000|09|27|1918|5|6}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]] (now [[Bengaluru]]), [[Karnataka]], India
| church = [[Church of South India]], Diocese of Kanyakumari
| other_names =Chandran
| education = 
* [[University of Madras]], [[Chennai]] (BA & [[Master of Arts|MA]])
* [[United Theological College (Bangalore)|United Theological College]], [[Bengaluru]] (BD ''[[Honours degree|Honours]]'')
* [[Mansfield College, Oxford]] ([[Bachelor of Letters|B.Litt.]])
* [[Union Theological Seminary in the city of New York]] ([[S.T.M.]])
| ordained =20 October 1946
| writings = ''See separate section''
| congregations =
| offices_held = 
* Principal, [[United Theological College (Bangalore)|United Theological College]], [[Bengaluru]]
| title = Reverend Doctor
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Joshua Russell Chandran''' (6 May 1918 – 27 September 2000) was an Indian Christian theologian, who served as President of [[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Senate of Serampore College]], Bengal (1970–1), and as President of the United Theological College, Bangalore (1954–83), and was for some years a vice-chairman of the World Council of Churches (1966–68).

==Early life and education==
Joshua Russell Chandran was born in [[Nagercoil]], [[South India]], on 6 May 1918<ref name="Union">{{cite book |title=Alumni Directory 1836-1970 |publisher=The Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York, New York Alumni Office |year=1970 |page=315 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/cul/texts/ldpd_6122000_000/pages/ldpd_6122000_000_00000363.html}}</ref> into a family who were communicant members of the South India United Church.<ref name="Union"/> After schooling and collegiate education, he took his BA and [[Master of Arts|MA]]<ref name="Union"/> in Mathematics<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/2000/10/06/churches-mourn-death-of-third-world-ecumenical-theologian&post_id=16952 | work=UCA News | title=Churches mourn death of third world ecumenical Theologian | location=Hong Kong | date=6 October 2000 | accessdate=1 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=D. William Jesudoss |title=What is Man?: Theological Attempts and Directions Towards the Formation of an Indian Christian Anthropology for Today |publisher=Gurukul |location=Chennai |year=1986 |page=79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ByAt6O_9t0EC&q=mathematics}}</ref> at the [[University of Madras]], Chennai (1933–1938).<ref name="Union"/>

In 1941 he enrolled at the [[United Theological College (Bangalore)|United Theological College]], [[Bengaluru]] in 1941,<ref name="Union"/> where he took his B.D. in 1945.<ref name="Union"/>

===Pastorate and further study===
Chandran belonged to the South India United Church; which made him a pastor of South Travancore Church Council<ref name="Union"/> in 1945. He was ordained on 20 October 1946,<ref name="Union"/> and he continued serving as pastor until 1947.

in 1947 he left India<ref name="Samartha">{{cite encyclopedia |author=S. J. Samartha |title=Joshua Russel Chandran |editor=Gerald H. Anderson |encyclopedia=Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions |publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing |year=1999 |page=125 |isbn=9780802846808 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC&dq=mansfield+college+oxford+chandran&pg=PA125}}</ref> for Britain, to study at the University of Oxford, [[Mansfield College, Oxford|Mansfield College]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/Documents/pdf/Winter%202005.pdf |title=Lothar Schreiner, ''Mansfield Alumni News'', Autumn/Winter 2005. p. 18 |access-date=27 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609094648/http://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/Documents/pdf/Winter%202005.pdf |archive-date=9 June 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Oxford]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Oxford University Calendar, 1819 |publisher=University of Oxford |location=Oxford, UK |year=1948 |pages=764, 861 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ulU4AAAAMAAJ&q=chandran}}</ref> for pursuing a [[Bachelor of Letters|B.Litt.]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Mar Aprem |title=Indian Christian who is who |publisher=Bombay Parish Church of the East |location=Bombay |year=1983 |page=107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u2s5AAAAMAAJ&q=chandran+bangalore}}</ref> His B.Litt. thesis<ref>{{cite book |author=Israel Selvanayagam |chapter=Water of Life and Indian cups: Protestant attempts at theologizing in India |editor=Sebastian C. H. Kim |title=Christian Theology in Asia |publisher=Cambridge |year=2008 |page=56 |isbn=9781139472067 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXh3iq94MWIC&dq=j.r.chandran&pg=PA56}}</ref> was titled<ref name="Sumithra">{{cite book |author=Sunand Sumithra |title=Christian Theology from an Indian Perspective |publisher=Theological Book Trust |location=Bengaluru |year=1995 |edition=Revised |pages=199–206 |url=http://ichenetwork.net/CTIP_9.pdf |accessdate=2009-01-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215153449/http://www.ichenetwork.net/CTIP_9.pdf |archivedate=15 February 2010}}</ref> ''A Comparison of the pagan apologetic of Celsus against Christianity as contained in Origen's [[Contra Celsum]] and the neo-Hindu attitude to Christianity as represented in the works of Vivekananda and an estimate of the value of Origen's reply for Christian apologetics with reference to neo-Hinduism''.

He then studied at Union Theological Seminary, New York, during the academic year 1949–1950 earning an [[S.T.M.]]<ref name="Union"/>

===Teacher===
On his return to India in 1950 the Church of South India asked him to teach theology and ethics at the [[United Theological College (Bangalore)|United Theological College]],<ref name="Union"/> [[Bengaluru]], then under the Principalship of Max Hunter Harrison. In 1954 Chandran succeeded Max Hunter Harrison as Principal, and remained in post until 1983, when he was succeeded by E. C. John.

==Contribution==

===Theological education===
As the first Indian Principal of the United Theological College, [[Bengaluru]], J. R. Chandran provided quality leadership to the College in many aspects.<ref name="Samartha"/>

In 1970 and 1971 he also served as President of the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Senate of Serampore College]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Senate of Serampore College (University) |title=Presidents and Convenors of the Senate |url=http://www.senateofseramporecollege.org/fame/senate.htm}}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In the academic year 1964–65,<ref>{{cite web |title=Henry W. Luce Visiting Professors of World Christianity |publisher=Union Theological Seminary in the city of New York |url=http://www.utsnyc.edu/Page.aspx?pid%3D771%26srcid%3D759 |accessdate=2009-01-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720105808/http://www.utsnyc.edu/Page.aspx?pid=771&srcid=759 |archivedate=20 July 2011 }}</ref> Chandran was Henry Winters Luce Visiting Professor of World Christianity at the [[Union Theological Seminary in the city of New York]].

He was the first President of the [[Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians]] (EATWOT) for the first five-year term (1975–1981).<ref>{{cite web |author=Aram Bae |date=September 2007 |title=Finding Aid for Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians (EATWOT) Records, 1975 – 2001 |publisher=EATWOT |via=William Adams Brown Ecumenical Library Archives, The Burke Library Archives (Columbia University Libraries), Union Theological Seminary, New York |page=5 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/img/assets/6400/WAB_EATWOT.pdf}}</ref>

===Church leadership===
Chandran served as Vice Moderator of the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches from 1966 to 1968.<ref name="WCC">[http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/news/press/00/28pre.html Konrad Raiser, ''Joshua Russel Chandran'', Tributes. WCC Site]</ref> His contribution to ecumenism was ''far-reaching''.<ref name="WCC"/>

==Honours==
India's first University,<ref>{{cite news |author=Sankar Ray |title=The William Carey Library in Serampore |newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 April 2008 |access-date=17 October 2008 |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2008/04/11/stories/2008041150100400.htm}}</ref> the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]] in West Bengal conferred upon Russell Chandran an honorary doctorate in 1962.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of the Recipients of the degree of doctor of divinity (honoris causa). |publisher=Senate of Serampore College (University) |url=http://www.senateofseramporecollege.org/fame/DD.htm |accessdate=2009-01-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218223554/http://www.senateofseramporecollege.org/fame/DD.htm |archivedate=18 December 2007}}</ref>

In 1978 Samuel Amirtham and others also came out with a [[festschrift]] in honour of Chandran, titled ''A Vision for Man: Essays on Faith, Theology, and Society in Honour of Joshua Russell Chandran''.

==Retirement and death==
Although Russell Chandran retired in 1984, he began living in [[Bengaluru]]. He went to [[Suva]], [[Fiji]], to the [[Pacific Theological College]]<ref name="WCC"/> for some time before returning to [[Bengaluru]].

On 27 September 2000,<ref name="WCC"/> Joshua Russell Chandran died in [[Bangalore]].

{{s-start}}
{{s-aca}}
{{succession box | before=[[M. H. Harrison]] 1937–1954
| title=Principal [[United Theological College (Bangalore)|United Theological College]], [[Bengaluru]]
|after=[[E. C. John]] 1984–1993
| years=1954–1984}}
{{s-end}}

==See also==
* [[The Reverend|Rev.]] Dr. [[B. V. Subbamma]]
* [[The Reverend|Rev.]] [[Yisu Das Tiwari]]
* Bishop [[N. D. Ananda Rao Samuel]]
* [[The Reverend|Rev.]] [[Father (title)|Fr.]] Dr. [[D. S. Amalorpavadass]]
* [[The Reverend|Rev.]] [[Emani Sambayya]]
* Bishop [[Victor Premasagar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandran, Joshua}}
[[Category:Indian Christian theologians]]
[[Category:Christian clergy from Chennai]]
[[Category:Christian clergy from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Senate of Serampore College (University) alumni]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Senate of Serampore College (University)]]
[[Category:Alumni of Mansfield College, Oxford]]

Shanti Dave

2026-02-27T02:41:12Z

RoseKort2620073: new

{{Short description|Indian artist (born 1931)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shanti Dave
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1931|09|25}}
| birth_place = Badpura, [[Gujarat]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = [[Painter]]
| yearsactive =
| known for = [[Mural]]s and paintings
| movement = [[Baroda Group]]<ref>{{cite web |title=His name is listed as Baroda Group of Artists' fifth annual exhibition of paintings by |url=https://aaa.org.hk/en/collection/search/archive/ratan-parimoo-archive-baroda-group-of-artists-fifth-annual-exhibition-of-paintings-1961-1962/object/notes-regarding-baroda-group-of-artists-fifth-annual-exhibition-of-paintings-28711 |publisher=[[Asia Art Archive]] }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
}}

'''Shanti Dave''' (born 25 September 1931) is an Indian painter and sculptor,<ref name="Blouinartinfo">{{cite web | url=http://www.blouinartinfo.com/artists/47615-shanti-dave | title=Blouinartinfo | publisher=Blouinartinfo | date=2015 | access-date=20 July 2015 | archive-date=23 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192411/http://www.blouinartinfo.com/artists/47615-shanti-dave | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Christie's profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/paintings/shanti-dave-the-snake-charmer-5746520-details.aspx | title=Christie's profile | publisher=Christie's The Art People | date=2015 | access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref> considered by many as one of the major Indian artists of the twentieth century.<ref name="Trends in Modern Indian Art">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIs5qkjljpQC&q=Shanti+Dave&pg=PA27 | title=Trends in Modern Indian Art | publisher=M.D. Publications | author=Sunil Kumar Bhattacharya | year=1994 | pages=84 | isbn=9788185880211}}</ref> He is a former member of the [[Lalit Kala Akademi]] and the [[Sahitya Kala Parishad]].<ref name="F Hessler Art Collection">{{cite web | url=http://www.galeriefhessler.lu/artiste.html?ref=477 | title=F Hessler Art Collection | publisher=F Hessler Art Collection | date=2015 | access-date=20 July 2015 | archive-date=22 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722041449/http://www.galeriefhessler.lu/artiste.html?ref=477 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1985.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | access-date=18 June 2015}}</ref>

==Biography==
Dave was born on 25 September 1931 at the northern [[Gujarat]] village of Badpura as one of the four children of a rural family of modest means.<ref name="Saffron Art">{{cite web | url=http://www.saffronart.com/artists/shanti-dave | title=Saffron Art | publisher=Saffron Art | date=2015 | access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref> He did his education from The [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] in 1951 from where he completed his graduate and post graduate studies in Faculty of Fine Arts.<ref name="F Hessler Art Collection" /> He started his career as a commercial artist doing banners and sign boards but slowly made his mark as a painter, which earned him several notable assignments such as at the VIP Lounges of [[JFK Airport]] (New York) and at the [[Air India]] [[city ticket office|booking offices]] in New York, Los Angeles, Rome, Sydney, and Perth.<ref>Gargi Gupta, "Distress sale?", ''Business Standard'', [https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/distress-sale-112090800023_1.html January 24, 2013]</ref><ref name="Saffron Art" /> The mural at the airport was published by the [[New York Times]] on its front page on 5 February 1964 under the title, ''Little Gujarat''.<ref name="F Hessler Art Collection" />

Dave's works are abstract and use [[Encaustic painting|encaustic]] and ''wax with oil paint'' techniques together with [[calligraphy]]. He has done several murals of large proportions which incorporate wood block painting, stone carving and weaving.<ref name="F Hessler Art Collection" /> He did his first solo exhibition in 1957 followed by several others in many parts of the world and has participated in many group exhibitions at places such as Philippines, Switzerland, London, Japan, France, East Europe and the Middle East.<ref name="Saffron Art" /> His creations are on display at art galleries like the [[National Gallery of Modern Art]], New Delhi and many public places<ref name="Mutual Art">{{cite web | url=http://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Shanti-Dave/955F41BC5D910BAE | title=Mutual Art | publisher=Mutual Art | date=2015 | access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref> and his paintings have been sold at notable auction houses such as [[Christie's]]<ref name="Christie's profile" /> and [[Sotheby's]]<ref name="Mutual Art" /> and [[Bonhams]].<ref name="Bonhams">{{cite web | url=https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/20903/lot/127/ | title=Bonhams | publisher=Bonhams | date=2015 | access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref>

Dave is a former member of the [[Sahitya Kala Parishad]] and has served as a member of the executive board of the [[Lalit Kala Akademi]].<ref name="Saffron Art" />

==Awards and recognition==
Dave has won the [[Lalit Kala Akademi]] three years consecutively from 1956 to 1958.<ref name="Saffron Art" /> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1985.<ref name="Padma Awards" />

==See also==
* [[Encaustic painting]]
* {{Portal-inline|Biography}}
* {{Portal-inline|India}}
* {{Portal-inline|Art}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url=http://www.mintangle.com/artist/shanti-dave.html | title=Paintings on Mint Angle | publisher=Mint Angle | work=Web display | date=2015 | access-date=20 July 2015 | archive-date=19 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719183734/http://www.mintangle.com/artist/shanti-dave.html | url-status=dead }}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dave, Shanti}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Painters from Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Indian arts administrators]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]

Jaswantsinhji

2026-02-26T18:01:55Z

RoseKort2620073: Created stub...

{{short description|Maharana of Danta (1876–1908)}}
{{infobox royalty
| title = [[Maharana]]
| succession = [[Maharana]] of [[Danta State|Danta]]
| reign = 1 December 1876 – 27 April 1908
| predecessor = [[Harisinhji]]
| successor = [[Hamirsinhji]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1850|10|14|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1908|04|27|1850|10|14|df=yes}}
| father = [[Harisinhji]]
| dynasty = [[Parmar (clan)|Parmar]]
}}
'''Jaswantsinhji''' (14 October 1850 – 1908) was the [[Maharana]] of [[Danta State|Danta]] from 1876 until 1908.

==Early life and family==
He was born on 14 October 1850 to [[Harisinhji]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=DANTA |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/d/danta.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803184937/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/d/danta.html |archive-date=2017-08-03 |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Roper |url=http://archive.org/details/goldenbookofindi00lethuoft |title=The golden book of India, a genealogical and biographical dictionary of the ruling princes, chiefs, nobles, and other personages, titled or decorated, of the Indian empire |date=1893 |publisher=London Macmillan |others=Robarts - University of Toronto |pages=106}}</ref> He married and had issue three sons, [[Hamirsinhji]], Fatehsinhji, and Dalpatsinhji, and a daughter, who married Prithvi Singh, the [[Maharawal]] of [[Banswara state|Banswara]].<ref name=":0" /> While he was still the [[heir apparent]], he administered the state owing to the advanced age of his father.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Master |first=Framroz Sorabji |url=http://archive.org/details/mahikanthadirect00mast |title=The Mahi Kantha directory |date=1922 |publisher=Rajkot : [s.n.] |others=University of California Libraries |pages=160}}</ref>

==Reign==
Upon the death of his father, he succeeded him as the [[Maharana]] of [[Danta State|Danta]] on 1 December 1876.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James MacNabb |url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924070623537 |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency |date=1883 |publisher=Bombay : Gov. Central Press |others=Cornell University Library |pages=416}}</ref> He personally looked into all the details of the administration.<ref name=":2" /> In 1878, he signed an agreement with the [[British government of India|British Government]] regarding opium.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> The [[British government of India|British Government]] in 1886 conferred on him the title of [[Maharana]], which his family has held since the days of their ancestor Askaranji, who received it from [[Akbar]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.34665 |title=Report Of The Administration Of The Danta State 1937-38 |date=1938 |pages=5}}</ref> In 1898, [[British government of India|British Government]] also restored the status of second-class to his state.<ref name=":2" /> He built [[Dharamshala (type of building)|dharamshalas]], tanks, wells, and roads.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> He donated liberally to the cause of education and contributed a sum of Rs. 8,000 to [[Scott College, Sadra|Scott College]] at [[Sadra, Gandhinagar|Sadra]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> When his state fell victim to the terrible [[Indian famine of 1899–1900]], he opened the state treasury as well as his own private purse to provide large sums of money for the purchase of food and clothing for his people.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Solomon |first=R. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |last2=Bond |first2=J. W. |date=2006 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1965-4 |pages=669 |language=en}}</ref> He made all possible provision for the preservation of the lives of [[cattle]], which were almost the sole means of [[livelihood]] for his people.<ref name=":4" /> In 1903, he was granted a salute of nine guns as a personal distinction.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />

==Death==
He died on 27 April 1908 and was succeeded by his eldest son, [[Hamirsinhji]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=S. B. Rajyagor |first=Member |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3233 |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers Banaskantha District |last2=S. Tripathy |first2=Member |last3=U. M. Chokshi |first3=Member |date=1981 |publisher=Ahmedabad, Government Printing Stationery and Publication |pages=123–124}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

[[Category:1850 births]]
[[Category:1908 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:People from Gujarat]]

2008 attacks on Uttar Pradeshi and Bihari migrants in Maharashtra

2026-02-26T13:44:29Z

RoseKort2620073:

{{Short description|Attacks on migrants from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar}}
{{good article}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = 2008 attacks on Uttar Pradeshi and Bihari migrants in Maharashtra
| partof = [[Violence in India]]
| image = MNS violence map.svg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Political map of India depicting its [[States of India|states]]
| place = [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]], [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Beed]], [[Nashik]], [[Amravati]], [[Jalna district|Jalna]] and [[Latur]] in Maharashtra
| notes =
| fatalities = at least 8<ref name="lynch">{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/up-migrant-lynched-in-mumbai_479435.html|title=UP migrant lynched on Mumbai local train; Mayawati demands probe|publisher=[[Zee News]]|access-date=8 November 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816164149/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/up-migrant-lynched-in-mumbai_479435.html|archive-date=16 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="Indian labourer killed on train">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7699074.stm|title=Indian labourer killed on train|date=30 October 2008|publisher=BBC|access-date=29 December 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081103020824/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7699074.stm|archive-date=3 November 2008}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/14/stories/2008021460321200.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Nashik town is the worst hit in Maharashtra|date=14 February 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320024249/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/14/stories/2008021460321200.htm| archive-date= 20 March 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]]| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="The Indian Express">{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Maharashtrians-will-react-to-Lalus-Chhat-Puja-plan-MNS/273366/|access-date=4 April 2008|work=The Indian Express|title=Maharshtrian will react to Lalu's Chhat Puja plan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320064547/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Maharashtrians-will-react-to-Lalus-Chhat-Puja-plan-MNS/273366/|archive-date=20 March 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="shopkeeper">{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2008/oct/231008-Mumbai-Raj-Thackeray-MNS-Ramesh-Yadav-Maharashtra-Navnirman-Sena-activists.htm|title=Family of killed vendor demands compensation|newspaper=[[Mid-Day]]|access-date=23 October 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026005449/http://www.mid-day.com/news/2008/oct/231008-Mumbai-Raj-Thackeray-MNS-Ramesh-Yadav-Maharashtra-Navnirman-Sena-activists.htm| archive-date= 26 October 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Truveo">{{cite news|url=http://in.truveo.com/Shopkeeper-dies-after-clashes-SP-accuses-MNS/id/754707114|title=IBN Live Video: Shopkeeper dies after clashes, SP accuses|publisher=[[Truveo]]|access-date=23 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110717110628/http://in.truveo.com/Shopkeeper-dies-after-clashes-SP-accuses-MNS/id/754707114|archive-date=17 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="4_dead">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Four-killed-in-clash-after-Rajs-arrest/articleshow/3626619.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022023620/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-22/mumbai/27908835_1_raj-thackeray-mns-kalyan|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2012|title=Four killed in clash after Raj's arrest|date=22 October 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=22 October 2008}}</ref>
| side1 = Maharashtra side
| side2 = UP-Bihar workers side
| side1a = [[File:Flag of Maharashtra Navnirman Sena.svg|25px]] [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
| side2a = [[File:Samajwadi Party.png|25px]] [[Samajwadi Party]]
| date = 3 February 2008 - 13 February 2008
| leadfigures1 = [[File:Flag of Maharashtra Navnirman Sena.svg|20px]] [[Raj Thackeray]]
| leadfigures2 = [[File:Samajwadi Party.png|20px]] [[Abu Asim Azmi|Asim Azmi]]
| damage = [[₹]] 500 [[crore]]s - [[₹]] 700 [[crore]]s
}}

[[Uttar Pradesh]]i and [[Bihar]]i migrants in [[Maharashtra]] were attacked on 3 February 2008, due to violent clashes between workers of two political parties — the [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] (MNS) and the [[Samajwadi Party]] (SP) took place at [[Dadar]] in [[Mumbai]].

These clashes took place when the workers of the MNS (a splinter faction formed out of the [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]), tried to attack workers of the SP (the regional party based in Uttar Pradesh), who were proceeding to attend a rally organised by the [[United National Progressive Alliance]] (UNPA).<ref name="TH_clash">{{cite news |title=Supporters of Raj Thackeray, Samajwadi Party clash |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/04/stories/2008020456251200.htm |quote=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) leader Raj Thackeray's continuing tirade against [[North Indian]]s erupted in violence on Sunday. MNS workers tried to attack Samajwadi Party workers who were proceeding to attend a rally by the United National Progressive Alliance (UNPA), which was addressed, among others, by the former Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister, Mulayam Singh, at Shivaji Park here. |access-date=4 April 2008 |date=4 February 2008 |author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028185719/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/04/stories/2008020456251200.htm |archive-date=28 October 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Defending his party's stand, MNS chief [[Raj Thackeray]] explained that the attack was a reaction to the: "provocative and unnecessary show of strength" and "uncontrolled political and cultural ''dadagiri'' (bullying) of Uttar Pradeshi and [[Biharis|Bihari]] migrants and their leaders".<ref name="RT_response" />

In the events leading to these clashes, Raj Thackeray made critical remarks, themed around [[language politics]] and [[regionalism (politics)|regionalism]], about migrants from the [[North India]]n states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, accusing them of spoiling Maharashtrian culture and not mingling with them.

At political rallies held across the state, Thackeray questioned the loyalty of [[Bollywood]] actor [[Amitabh Bachchan]] towards Maharashtra, accusing him of showing "more interest" in Uttar Pradesh. He called the celebration of [[Chhath Puja]] by North Indian migrants a "drama" and a "show of arrogance".<ref name="Red_Raj_flays">{{cite news |title=Raj Thackeray flays Amitabh for UP interests |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/02raj.htm |date=2 February 2008 |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=7 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409185508/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/02raj.htm |archive-date=9 April 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cul_hegemony">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1151247 |access-date=4 April 2008 |title=Thackeray continues tirade against North Indians |work=[[Daily News & Analysis]] |quote=It is the [[cultural hegemony]] which some North Indians want to impose on Maharashtrians that I oppose. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603221102/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1151247 |archive-date=3 June 2008}}</ref>

On 13 February 2008, the state government, which was accused of showing reluctance to take immediate action,<ref name="TOI_hesitates" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080040577&ch=2/6/2008%209:11:00%20PM|title=Mumbai police soft on Raj?|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=30 April 2008|date=6 February 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604074941/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080040577&ch=2%2F6%2F2008%209%3A11%3A00%20PM|archive-date=4 June 2008}}</ref> arrested Raj Thackeray and local SP leader [[Abu Asim Azmi]] on charges of instigation of violence and causing communal disturbance. Although released that same day, a [[gag order]] was imposed on both leaders to prevent them from making further inflammatory remarks.<ref name="TOI_Raj_arrest" />

Meanwhile, tensions in Maharashtra rose at the news of Raj's possible arrest, and his subsequent actual arrest, angered his supporters. Incidents of violence against [[North India|North Indians]] and their property by MNS workers were reported in Mumbai, [[Pune]], [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Beed]], [[Nashik]], [[Amravati]], [[Jalna district|Jalna]], and [[Latur]].

Nearly 25,000 North Indian workers fled Pune,<ref name="IE_Pune_flee">{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/25-000-North-Indian-workers-leave-Pune/276576/3/|access-date=6 April 2008|title=25000 North Indian workers leave Pune|work=The Indian Express|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604005824/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/25-000-North-Indian-workers-leave-Pune/276576/3/|archive-date=4 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="TOI_Pune_flee">{{cite news|title=25000 North Indians leave, Pune realty projects hit|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/25000-North-Indians-leave-Pune-realty-projects-hit-/articleshow/2809937.cms|access-date=4 April 2008|date=24 February 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024065051/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-24/india/27771442_1_realty-projects-anti-north-indian-rhetoric-labourers|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=24 October 2012}}</ref> and another 15,000 fled Nashik in the wake of the attacks.<ref name="TOI_Nashik_flee">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Maha-exodus-10000-north-Indians-flee-in-fear/articleshow/2780795.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024065102/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-14/india/27743183_1_mns-activists-maharashtra-navnirman-sena-activists-migrant-workers|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|access-date=6 April 2008|date=14 February 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Maha exodus: 10,000 north Indians flee in fear}}</ref><ref name="Red_Nashik_flee">{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/13nasik1.htm|access-date=6 April 2008|title=MNS violence: North Indians flee Nashik, industries hit|date=13 February 2008|publisher=[[Rediff]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420154507/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/13nasik1.htm| archive-date= 20 April 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> The exodus of workers caused an acute labour shortage, affecting local industries.

Analysts estimated financial losses of {{INRConvert|500|c|0}}– {{INRConvert|700|c|0}}.<ref name="Red_Nashik_flee" /> Although the violence receded after the arrests of the two leaders, sporadic attacks were reported until May 2008. After months of lull, on 19 October 2008, MNS activists beat up North Indian candidates appearing for the all-India Railway Recruitment Board entrance exam in Mumbai.<ref name="Rahi Gaikwad">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/20/stories/2008102057350100.htm|title=North Indians attacked in Mumbai|author=Rahi Gaikwad|access-date=20 October 2008|date=20 October 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020131407/http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/20/stories/2008102057350100.htm| archive-date= 20 October 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]]| url-status=dead}}</ref> The incident led to Raj's arrest and fresh violence. Later on 28 October 2008 a labourer from Uttar Pradesh was lynched in a Mumbai commuter train.<ref name="lynch">{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/up-migrant-lynched-in-mumbai_479435.html|title=UP migrant lynched on Mumbai local train; Mayawati demands probe|publisher=[[Zee News]]|access-date=8 November 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816164149/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/up-migrant-lynched-in-mumbai_479435.html|archive-date=16 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="Indian labourer killed on train">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7699074.stm|title=Indian labourer killed on train|date=30 October 2008|publisher=BBC|access-date=29 December 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081103020824/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7699074.stm|archive-date=3 November 2008}}</ref>

The attacks evoked critical reactions from various parts of the country, particularly the Uttar Pradesh and Bihar political leadership. Even [[Bal Thackeray]], Raj's estranged uncle and chief of the Shiv Sena, who formed his party in 1966 to raise the voice of ''Marathi manoos'' (Marathi people), discounted his nephew's criticism of Bachchan as "stupidity".<ref name="TOI_stupidity">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Bal-Thackeray-backs-Amitabh-says-allegations-stupid/articleshow/2762395.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024065111/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-06/india/27777723_1_raj-thackeray-maharashtra-navnirman-sena-bal-thackeray |url-status=live |archive-date=24 October 2012 |title=Bal Thackeray backs Amitabh|access-date=6 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 February 2008}}</ref><ref name="IE_stupidity">{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Attacking-Amitabh-is-stupidity-Bal-Thackeray/269831/|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Attacking Amitabh is stupidity: Bal Thackeray|date=6 February 2008|work=The Indian Express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412135115/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Attacking-Amitabh-is-stupidity-Bal-Thackeray/269831/|archive-date=12 April 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> In an editorial a month later in ''[[Saamna]]'', the Shiv Sena's political mouthpiece, however, Bal Thackeray wrote that Biharis aggravated local populations wherever they went and were an "unwelcome lot" throughout the country.<ref name="BT_saamna">{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Mar62008/national2008030655820.asp |quote=Thackeray Sr. wrote that Biharis are "not wanted either in southern India, Assam and also Punjab and Chandigarh. The Biharis have antagonised local populations wherever they have settled. The Uttar Pradesh and Bihari MPs have shown their ingratitude towards Mumbai and Maharashtra with an anti-Marathi tirade in Parliament". |date=6 March 2008|access-date=4 April 2008 |title=Thackeray rants against Biharis |work=Deccan Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311044303/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Mar62008/national2008030655820.asp |archive-date = 11 March 2008}}</ref> The media slated Bal's remarks as an attempt to recapture his party's ''sons-of-soil'' plank, being hijacked by Raj.<ref name="TOI_unwanted" /><ref name="FT_unwanted">{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Biharis-unwanted-all-over-India-Bal-Thackeray/280678/|access-date=4 April 2008|work=The Financial Express|title=Biharis unwanted all over India: Bal Thackeray|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409140752/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Biharis-unwanted-all-over-India-Bal-Thackeray/280678/|archive-date=9 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080306/main5.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|date=6 March 2008|title=Bal Thackeray: Biharis unwanted everywhere|author=Shiv Kumar|work=The Tribune |location=India| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409171417/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080306/main5.htm| archive-date= 9 April 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IE_rattled" />

== Background ==

=== Raj Thackeray's resignation from Shiv Sena and the formation of MNS ===
[[File:Flag of Maharashtra Navnirman Sena.svg|thumb|Flag of Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]

On 9 March 2006, Raj Thackeray, nephew of Bal Thackeray, quit the Shiv Sena and formed the [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] (MNS) after being "sidelined" by the chief's son [[Uddhav Thackeray|Uddhav]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Raj resigns from Shiv Sena posts|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/11/28/stories/2005112813920100.htm|access-date=6 April 2008|work=The Hindu|date=28 November 2005|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604074029/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/11/28/stories/2005112813920100.htm|archive-date=4 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://specials.rediff.com/news/2005/dec/01sld1.htm|title=Raj Thackeray: The tiger cub|date=1 December 2005|publisher=[[Rediff]]|access-date=3 January 2002|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051203061629/http://specials.rediff.com/news/2005/dec/01sld1.htm|archive-date=3 December 2005}}</ref> The ''Shiv Sainiks'' (Shiv Sena members, lit. means "Soldiers of [[Shivaji]]")<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/marathi-english/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95-meaning-in-english | title=सैनिक - Meaning in English - सैनिक Translation in English }}</ref> who supported Raj's leadership, in contrast to his cousin Uddhav, joined the MNS. The party was founded on the ideology of being the benefactor of the local ''Marathi Manoos'' (Marathi people), an ideology that the party members felt the Shiv Sena had abandoned. Keeping in line with this, Raj has repeatedly demanded special job reservations for locals.<ref name="TOI_MNS_Quota">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-04-09/india/27756865_1_mns-job-quota-job-reservation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074606/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-04-09/india/27756865_1_mns-job-quota-job-reservation|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 October 2012|title=MNS wants job quota for Marathis|date=9 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 June 2008}}</ref> A critic of the influx of migrants into the state, especially ''Uttar Bhartiyas'' (literally meaning "[[North India]]ns") predominantly from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, he has blamed the large-scale immigration of people from these economically backward states for causing a shortage of jobs for [[Marathi people|Maharashtrians]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-31926620080213|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Raj Thackeray arrested in Mumbai, gets bail|date=13 February 2008|work=Reuters|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090415/http://in.reuters.com/article/2008/02/13/idINIndia-31926620080213|archive-date=7 April 2014}}</ref>

=== Shiv Sena's move to appease migrants ===

''[[The Times of India]]'' summarised the cause of MNS's attacks—"There's a method in MNS's madness in attacking north Indians in Mumbai though, howsoever flawed it might be. Raj believes his cousin and Shiv Sena leader Uddhav Thackeray has been wooing the people from Bihar and UP—through a campaign he began back in 2005 with the inclusive call of ''Mee Mumbaikar''—as his party's vote-bank. Uddhav's growing popularity with North Indians had been rankling Raj, who is losing ground and political relevance as evident in the MNS's performance in the last municipal elections."<ref name="TOI_mayhem">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-05/india/27778144_1_unpa-rally-raj-thackeray-led-north-indians|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074612/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-05/india/27778144_1_unpa-rally-raj-thackeray-led-north-indians|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 October 2012|title=Madness breaks out in Maharashtra over Raj remarks|date=5 February 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 February 2008}}</ref>

=== Raj's criticism of Amitabh Bachchan ===

In January 2008, targeting Mumbai-resident Amitabh Bachchan at political rallies, Raj asserted that the actor was "more interested" in his native state Uttar Pradesh than Maharashtra. He expressed his disapproval of Amitabh's inaugurating a girls' school named after his daughter-in-law, actress [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]], at [[Barabanki city|Barabanki]] in Uttar Pradesh, rather than in Maharashtra. Bachchan was also criticised for choosing to run elections from his native state.<ref name="TOI_verbal">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Big-B-draws-Raj-Thakerays-ire-over-UP-interests/articleshow/2750611.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074618/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-02/india/27758006_1_chhath-puja-raj-thackeray-flak-from-political-parties|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|title=Big B draws Raj Thakeray's ire over 'UP interests'|access-date=30 May 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 February 2008}}</ref> On 2 February at a party function at [[Dharavi]] in Mumbai, Raj said, "Though he [Amitabh] has become a star in Mumbai, his interest is in Uttar Pradesh. That is why he was trying to be an ambassador of UP rather than Maharashtra. That is why though he achieved everything in Mumbai, when it came to elections, Amitabh chose Uttar Pradesh".<ref name="IE_UP_interests">{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Big-Bs-UP-interest-irks-Raj-Thackeray/268236/|title=Big B's 'UP interest' irks Raj Thackeray|date=2 February 2008|work=The Indian Express|access-date=7 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511033046/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Big-Bs-UP-interest-irks-Raj-Thackeray/268236/|archive-date=11 May 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Amitabh Bachchan.jpg|thumb|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]]]
Responding to Raj's accusations, the actor's wife and an SP [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|MP]] [[Jaya Bachchan]] said that they (Bachchans) were willing to start a school in Mumbai, provided the MNS leader donated the land to build it. She told the media, "I heard that Raj Thackeray owns huge properties in Maharashtra, in Mumbai at Kohinoor Mills. If he is willing to donate land, we can start a school in the name of Aishwarya here".<ref name="IE_Jaya">{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/I-dont-know-who-Raj-Thackeray-is-Jaya-Bachchan/268548/|title=I don't know who Raj Thackeray is: Jaya Bachchan|work=The Indian Express|access-date=30 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706144818/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/I-dont-know-who-Raj-Thackeray-is-Jaya-Bachchan/268548/|archive-date=6 July 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Amitabh, however, abstained from commenting on the issue.

Bal Thackeray refuted the allegations, saying, "Amitabh Bachchan is an open-minded person, he has great love for Maharashtra, and this is evident on many occasions. The actor has often said that Maharashtra and specially Mumbai has given him great fame and affection. He has also said that what he is today is because of the love people have given him. The people of Mumbai have always acknowledged him as an artiste. It was utter foolishness to make these parochial allegations against him. Amitabh is a global superstar. People all over the world respect him. This cannot be forgotten by anyone. Amitabh should ignore these silly accusations and concentrate on his acting".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/07/stories/2008020759011200.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Bal Thackeray: Amitabh loves Maharashtra|date=7 February 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411201438/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/07/stories/2008020759011200.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=11 April 2008}}</ref> According to some reports, Raj's censure of Amitabh, whom he supposedly admires, stemmed from his disappointment of not being invited to the wedding of Amitabh's son, [[Abhishek Bachchan|Abhishek]], despite invitations to his estranged uncle Bal and cousin Uddhav.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1149212|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Rift between Raj and Big B over a wedding invite|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080401093051/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1149212| archive-date= 1 April 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1226808|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Rift between Raj and Big B over a wedding invite|date=5 February 2008|publisher=MSN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312103245/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1226808 |archive-date = 12 March 2008}}</ref>

On 23 March, Amitabh finally spoke out in an interview with a local tabloid, saying, "Random charges are random; they do not deserve the kind of attention you wish me to give".<ref name="DNA_1157267">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1157267|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|title=Amitabh breaks silence, dismisses Raj's charges against him|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603223108/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1157267|archive-date=3 June 2008}}</ref> Later on 28 March at a press conference for the [[International Indian Film Academy]], when asked what his take was on the anti-migrant issue, Amitabh said that it is one's fundamental right to live anywhere in the country and the constitution entitles so.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/28ab.htm|title=Amitabh takes on Raj Thackeray|date=28 March 2008|publisher=[[Rediff]]|access-date=28 August 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916020643/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/28ab.htm| archive-date= 16 September 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> He also stated that he was not affected by Raj's comments.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200803281441.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|date=28 March 2008|work=The Hindu |title=Everyone has the right to freedom of expression: Bachchan | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080401021514/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200803281441.htm| archive-date= 1 April 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Raj's remarks on Chhath Puja and migrants ===

In his party speeches, Raj had also reproached North Indian migrants on the celebration of [[Chhath|Chhath Puja]], a festival popular in Bihar, calling it a "drama" and a "show of arrogance".<ref name="Jaya">{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/03mns.htm |access-date=4 April 2008 |title=Jaya takes on Raj; MNS, SP activists clash in Mumbai |date=3 February 2008 |work=The Hindu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409185518/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/03mns.htm |archive-date=9 April 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> He demanded that they must only celebrate Maharashtrian festivals.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/indiaabroad/20080203/r_t_ians_nl_politics/tnl-raj-thackeray-samajwadi-party-stando-a4b7bec_1.html|title=Raj Thackeray, Samajwadi Party standoff turns violent|publisher=[[Yahoo News]]|date=3 February 2008|access-date=5 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908013643/http://in.news.yahoo.com/indiaabroad/20080203/r_t_ians_nl_politics/tnl-raj-thackeray-samajwadi-party-stando-a4b7bec_1.html|archive-date=8 September 2008}}</ref> A [[petition]] was filed in the Patna civil court on 8 February against him for his remarks over Chhath Puja.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/petition-against-raj-thackeray-in-patna-court_421796.html|title=Petition against Raj Thackeray in Patna court|access-date=4 April 2008|publisher=[[Zee News]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070042/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/petition-against-raj-thackeray-in-patna-court_421796.html|archive-date=7 April 2014}}</ref> His statements drew flak from leaders of Bihar, especially the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Indian Railways Minister]] and former [[Chief Minister of Bihar]], [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]], who challenged that he would come to Mumbai and perform Chhath Puja in front of Raj's house, also ridiculed Raj saying, "He [Raj] is a child in politics".<ref name="Jaya"/> The Navnirman Sena leader accused migrants of swamping Maharashtra, India's most industrialised state, in search of jobs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7242617.stm|title=Right-wing Mumbai leader arrested|work=BBC News|date=13 February 2008|access-date=26 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217225826/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7242617.stm|archive-date=17 February 2008}}</ref>

The MNS chief had also accused migrants of disrespecting the local culture. On 9 February, expressing his stance on newer migrants settling in Mumbai, Raj said, "New immigrants to the city should be denied entry into the city, while those already staying here should show respect to the Marathi 'manoos' and his culture".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/09mumbai.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|date=9 February 2008|publisher=[[Rediff]]|title=Respect Marathi manoos or leave Mumbai|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213011734/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/09mumbai.htm|archive-date=13 February 2008}}</ref>

=== Clashes between MNS and SP workers ===
On 3 February 2008, MNS and SP workers indulged in street fighting after the former tried to attack the latter, who were proceeding to [[Shivaji Park]], Dadar, in Mumbai to attend a rally organised by the [[United National Progressive Alliance]] (UNPA), the ruling coalition party of India, of which the SP is a member.<ref name="TH_clash" /> The rally was to be addressed by former [[Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister]] [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] and other prominent members of the UNPA and SP.<ref name="Zee news">{{cite news |url=http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp?aid=422144&sid=NAT |title=Amid debate, Mumbai ready for UNPA rally |publisher=[[Zee News]] |date=3 February 2008 |access-date=6 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205075030/http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp?aid=422144&sid=NAT |archive-date=5 February 2008 }}</ref> Police arrested 73 MNS and 19 SP workers after these clashes on charges of rioting.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/MNS-leader-Shishir-Shinde-detained-Report/articleshow/2758631.cms|title=MNS leader Shishir Shinde detained: Report|access-date=26 April 2008|date=5 February 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724175707/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-05/india/27755184_1_mns-chief-raj-thackeray-maharashtra-navnirman-sena-activists|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=24 July 2012}}</ref>

Raj justified his party's stand as a response to—"provocative and unnecessary show of strength" and "uncontrolled political and cultural ''dadagiri'' of the Uttar Pradesh and Bihar migrants and their leaders"—and questioned, "Do political movements need to obey the law?"<ref name="RT_response">{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Do-political-movements-need-to-obey-the-law-What-about-Advani-rath-yatra-Modis-Godhra-outrage/276266/ |title=Do political movements need to obey the law: Raj Thackeray |access-date=4 April 2008 |work=The Indian Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328102851/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Do-political-movements-need-to-obey-the-law-What-about-Advani-rath-yatra-Modis-Godhra-outrage/276266/ |archive-date=28 March 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 10 February at a press conference, he issued a statement saying, "What happened in Mumbai in the past one week was only a reaction and if leaders of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar try to demonstrate their strength here, such reactions would recur".<ref name="RT_Hindu">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/10/stories/2008021060540100.htm |quote=What happened in Mumbai in the past one week was only a reaction and if leaders of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar try to demonstrate their strength here, such reactions would recur, he warned.|access-date=6 March 2008|title= Raj Thackeray reiterates stand |date=10 February 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314061023/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/10/stories/2008021060540100.htm| archive-date= 14 March 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] | url-status=dead}}</ref>

After the clashes, SP approached the [[Election Commission of India|Election Commission]] demanding de-registration of MNS. SP general secretary whose press conference near [[Azad Maidan]] was disrupted by MNS activists on 3 February,<ref name="malicious" /> [[Amar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Amar Singh]] petitioned the Commission requesting action against the MNS and its leaders for issuing "veiled as well as open threats" against non-Maharashtrians.<ref name="DH">{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Feb52008/scroll2008020550485.asp?section=updatenews|title=Mumbai continues to simmer|work=The Deccan Herald |access-date=30 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604052530/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Feb52008/scroll2008020550485.asp?section=updatenews |archive-date = 4 June 2008}}</ref> However, Mumbai police dismissed a complaint of "criminal intimidation" filed against Raj by Singh as 'false and malicious'.<ref name="malicious">{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Amars-charge-against-Raj-Thackeray-false-and-malicious/292494/|title=Amar's charge against Raj Thackeray 'false and malicious'|date=4 April 2008|work=The Indian Express|access-date=31 December 2001|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408144344/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Amars-charge-against-Raj-Thackeray-false-and-malicious/292494/|archive-date=8 April 2008}}</ref> In his complaint filed at Azad Maidan police station, Singh had alleged that sloganeering MNS men had threatened him by using Thackeray's name while being whisked away by security personnel from the venue.<ref name="malicious" />

== Attacks ==

=== February ===

On 3 February, immediately after clashes with SP, MNS workers assaulted North Indian taxi drivers and vandalised their vehicles in [[Dadar]], Mumbai. The police faced strong criticism for remaining mute spectators as MNS workers assaulted North Indians.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=data/subcontinent/2008/February/subcontinent_February371.xml&section=subcontinent&col=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616093435/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=data%2Fsubcontinent%2F2008%2FFebruary%2Fsubcontinent_February371.xml&section=subcontinent&col=|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 June 2008|access-date=4 April 2008|author=Nithin Belle|date=13 February 2008|title=MNS activist go on rampage|work=[[Khaleej Times]]}}</ref> A departmental inquiry was instituted against the police inaction.<ref name="TH_suspend" /> Inspector Motiram Kadam and sub-inspector Deepak Pawar, who were assigned duty at Dadar, were suspended for [[dereliction of duty]].<ref name="TH_suspend">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/07/stories/2008020758981200.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|title=200 MNS activists back in Sena|date=7 February 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411205207/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/07/stories/2008020758981200.htm| archive-date= 11 April 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]]| url-status=dead}}</ref> Later, over 25 MNS workers were arrested on charges of rioting.<ref>{{cite news|title=In Mumbai, North Indians attacked|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/In-Mumbai-north-Indians-attacked/articleshow/2753922.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074636/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-04/india/27767176_1_mns-activists-sp-workers-maharashtra-navnirman-sena|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 February 2008}}</ref> In the night, 150 suspected MNS activists ransacked Pratap talkies in Thane, pulled out the print of the [[Bhojpuri film]] "''Saiyan se Solah Singaar''" and burned it because [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] is the regional language spoken in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The rioters also damaged the theatre and destroyed the seats. A similar incident was reported in [[Nashik]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080204/main6.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|date=4 February 2008|title=Violence in Mumbai, theatres attacked in Thane, Nashik|work=The Tribune |location=India| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409170718/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080204/main6.htm| archive-date= 9 April 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref>

The next day in Mumbai, two motorcycle-borne MNS supporters hurled bottles at Amitabh Bachchan's bungalow at [[Juhu]].<ref name="TOI_hesitates" /> A group of MNS workers barged inside the booking office of the [[Grant Road railway station|Grant Road]] railway station, damaged the booking office windows and tore off posters of a newly released Bhojpuri film put up there. Party workers resorted to stone throwing in some parts of [[Kandivli]], a North-Mumbai suburb that has a sizeable North Indian lower middle-class population. In the Central-Mumbai suburb of [[Bandra]], a clash ensued when MNS workers tried to plant party flags at an open market dominated by North Indians.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aol.in/news/story/2008020413039012000004/index.html|title=Violence continues in Mumbai over North Indian remarks|date=4 February 2008|publisher=[[AOL]]|access-date=30 April 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604024834/http://www.aol.in/news/story/2008020413039012000004/index.html| archive-date= 4 June 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref>

The offices of [[Bhojpuri people|Bhojpuri]] actor [[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]] and Bihari [[Indian National Congress]] leader [[Sanjay Nirupam]] were stoned by MNS supporters on 5 February.<ref name="IE_police_contemplate">{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Police-contemplate-action-against-Raj-Thackeray/269760/4/|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Police contemplate action against Raj Thackeray|work=The Indian Express|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604005840/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Police-contemplate-action-against-Raj-Thackeray/269760/4/|archive-date=4 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="DNA_590">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1149590|title=I want to talk it over with Raj: Manoj Tiwari|date=7 February 2008|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603221042/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1149590|archive-date=3 June 2008}}</ref> Two days later, a group of 20 to 25 MNS activists forced themselves into the Central Mumbai office of the Bombay Taximen's Union, where they assaulted office staff and damaged property. In response to the attack, the 55,000-strong Union immediately called for a [[flash strike]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/web/guest/news/national/article?_EXT_5_articleId=970738&_EXT_5_groupId=14|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Mumbai taxis go on flash strike after attack on union office|date=7 February 2008|work=[[MiD DAY|Mid-day]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324071422/http://www.mid-day.com/web/guest/news/national/article?_EXT_5_articleId=970738&_EXT_5_groupId=14| archive-date= 24 March 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/MNS-attacks-again-Mumbai-taxi-men-go-on-strike/270244/|access-date=4 April 2008|title=MNS attacks again, taxi men go on strike|work=The Indian Express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417162841/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/MNS-attacks-again-Mumbai-taxi-men-go-on-strike/270244/|archive-date=17 April 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> The strike was then called off after [[R. R. Patil]], the [[Government of Maharashtra|Home Minister of Maharashtra]], assured the Union of justice and safety.<ref name="IE_strike_off">{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/bMumbai-taximen-call-off-strike-following-Govt-assurance-b/270281/|title=Mumbai taximen call off strike following Govt assurance|date=7 February 2008|work=The Indian Express|access-date=6 June 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011133040/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/bMumbai-taximen-call-off-strike-following-Govt-assurance-b/270281/|archive-date=11 October 2008}}</ref> An advocate named Arvind Shukla filed a [[Public Interest Litigation]] (PIL) seeking directions to the Election Commission to de-recognise MNS in view of its "anti-national activities".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1149649|title=PIL filed against Raj Thackeray in SC|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|date=7 February 2008|access-date=30 April 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603221047/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1149649| archive-date= 3 June 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref>

On 8 February, re-invoking the issue of Marathi pride, Maharashtra Navnirman Sena chief Raj Thackeray on hit out at North Indians again, in a special article titled "Majhi bhumika, [[majha]] ladha" (My role, my fight)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/hindi-english/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88-meaning-in-english | title=लड़ाई - Meaning in English - लड़ाई Translation in English }}</ref> written by him in the Marathi daily ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'', Thackeray said, "Even if the whole world opposes my stand, I and my party will continue the struggle to protect Marathi culture, Maharashtrian people and will trample the [[goonda]]ism of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. At this juncture, I feel like asking the Maharashtrian people that if I am voicing your true emotion, then why are you sitting on the fence. Come join me in this struggle."<ref name="Trample">{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/09raj.htm?zcc=rl|title=I'll trample the goondaism of UP, Bihar: Raj Thackeray|date=9 February 2008|publisher=[[Rediff]]|access-date=24 October 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219073217/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/09raj.htm?zcc=rl|archive-date=19 December 2008}}</ref>

On 12 February, MNS workers attacked vendors and shopkeepers from North India in various parts of Maharashtra and destroyed government property to vent their anger against the reported move to arrest Raj.<ref name="IBN">{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.com/news/antimigrant-violence-spreads-beyond-mumbai/58750-3.html |title=Anti-migrant violence spreads beyond Mumbai |access-date=4 April 2008 |publisher=[[CNN IBN]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606055010/http://ibnlive.com/news/antimigrant-violence-spreads-beyond-mumbai/58750-3.html |archive-date=6 June 2008 }}</ref> Sporadic violence was reported in Beed and Aurangabad. State-run buses in these areas were stone-pelted, resulting in the arrest of several MNS workers. In [[Nashik]], MNS workers vandalised several shops belonging to North Indians, forcing other shops and business establishments to close down.<ref name="IBN"/> One shopkeeper was severely beaten and was admitted to Nashik General Hospital.<ref name="IBN"/> Banks and schools promptly closed after these incidents. Stone pelting by angry mobs was also reported from the city's Shalimar and Bytco squares, and the [[Satpur]] and [[Ambad]] industrial areas remained closed. Nashik police detained 26 MNS workers after the violence. Six municipal cooperators were also put under preventive arrest.<ref name="IBN"/> Additional police pickets were deployed in various parts of the city, including Shalimar and Ambad Chowk, Satpur, [[Nashik Road]], the MNS head office at Mumbai Naka and some of the city suburbs.<ref name="IBN"/> In [[Pune]], MNS workers pelted stones on state-run buses and attacked a few shop owners in Pune's Laxmi Road area, prompting shops to shut down to avoid similar attacks.<ref name="IBN"/>

The [[Mumbai Police]] announced its move to put Raj under their custody on 13 February, which created an upsurge of violence in the state and led to two deaths. Attacks on North Indians were reported from Mumbai, Pune, [[Jalna district|Jalna]], Beed, Aurangabad and [[Latur]].<ref name="Tribune_attacks" /> Shops, offices and other business establishments were shut down in different parts of Mumbai, as MNS workers threatened violence in case their leader was arrested. Central Mumbai localities were most affected, especially around Dadar and [[Shivaji Park]], the strongholds of both the MNS and the Shiv Sena. The police blocked roads in front of the residence of Raj in the Shivaji Park area. A civic activist named James John was assaulted by suspected MNS workers while he was attempting to photograph them forcing shop owners to down shutters in [[JB Nagar]], [[Andheri]]. John suffered two rib fractures and bruises on his lungs.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Civic-activist-assaulted-while-clicking-photos-of-protestors-forcing-shops-shut-in-Andheri/273260/|title=Civic activist assaulted while clicking photos of protestors forcing shops shut in Andheri|date=5 February 2008|work=The Indian Express|access-date=1 January 2002|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604005829/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Civic-activist-assaulted-while-clicking-photos-of-protestors-forcing-shops-shut-in-Andheri/273260/|archive-date=4 June 2008}}</ref> In Nashik, an employee of the [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]], a Maharashtrian, died during a stone pelting on state-run buses by MNS supporters.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/14/stories/2008021460321200.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Nashik town is the worst hit in Maharashtra|date=14 February 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320024249/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/14/stories/2008021460321200.htm| archive-date= 20 March 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]]| url-status=dead}}</ref> A migrant from Bihar, who was a security guard with a private company at [[Igatpuri]] in [[Nashik district]], was killed by a mob.<ref name="The Indian Express">{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Maharashtrians-will-react-to-Lalus-Chhat-Puja-plan-MNS/273366/|access-date=4 April 2008|work=The Indian Express|title=Maharshtrian will react to Lalu's Chhat Puja plan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320064547/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Maharashtrians-will-react-to-Lalus-Chhat-Puja-plan-MNS/273366/|archive-date=20 March 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In Mumbai and [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], police rounded up more than 400 MNS workers.<ref name="TOI_attacks">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Violence-spreads-beyond-Mumbai/articleshow/2777680.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074642/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-13/india/27765279_1_mns-workers-ravivar-peth-and-gangapur-peth-and-gangapur-areas|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|access-date=10 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Violence spreads beyond Mumbai|date=13 February 2008}}</ref> In [[Pune]] and [[Pimpri-Chinchwad]], MNS workers went on a rampage following the arrest of Raj, smashing windows and windscreens of eleven state buses. Thirteen rioters were arrested.<ref name="TOI_attacks" /> They also chopped off both hands of a Bihari hawker sleeping on the streets. He was severely beaten until he fell unconscious. When he gained consciousness the following day, he found himself in a hospital with both hands amputated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7287007.stm|title=India's victims of anti-migrant anger|author=Amarnath Tewary|work=BBC News|date=10 March 2008|access-date=28 August 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207111334/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7287007.stm|archive-date=7 December 2008}}</ref> The injured, mainly hawkers, were treated at the Nashik Civil Hospital after they were beaten. Shops along Nashik Road closed down after the incident. Incidents of stone pelting on state-run buses were reported from the Nashik Road, Ambad, [[Raviwar Peth]], and [[Gangapur, Maharashtra|Gangapur]] areas. Bus services were severely curtailed and diverted via [[Nipani]].<ref name="TOI_attacks" /> In [[Amrawati]], MNS workers blocked roads and pelted stones at buses, damaging several vehicles in the process.<ref name="TOI_attacks" /> Though contingents of the [[Rapid Action Force]] (RAF) and the [[Central Industrial Security Force]] (CISF) were deployed in many parts of the state, the police could not control violence by the MNS who adopted hit-and-run methods of attack.<ref name="Tribune_attacks">{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080214/main1.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|work=The Tribune |location=India|title=End of Raj days; held, bailed out|date=13 February 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419022643/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080214/main1.htm| archive-date= 19 April 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> More than 200 activists of the MNS were arrested across Nashik. Many activists went underground and coordinated with party activists from undisclosed locations.<ref name="Tribune_attacks" />

=== March–May ===

The attacks simmered down after mid-February due to the arrest and imposition of a gag order on Raj. Isolated cases of attacks, however, were reported until April 2008. On 22 March, six North Indians were beaten up by a group of [[Holi]] revelers, suspected to be MNS workers, in [[Santa Cruz, Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/6-north-Indians-thrashed-by-MNS-men/articleshow/2892825.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074653/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-24/mumbai/27768454_1_north-indians-mns-men-police-station|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Six North Indians thrashed by MNS men|date=24 March 2008}}</ref> On the same day, a shop owned by a North Indian was ransacked by a group of 10 – 15 drunken men, who pelted stones and beat his children because they had refused to provide free food.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/North-Indian-shop-ransacked-by-mob/articleshow/2892788.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074658/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-24/mumbai/27780134_1_mns-chief-raj-thackeray-shop-indians|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=North Indian shop ransacked by mob|date=24 March 2008}}</ref> On 29 March, motorcycle-borne assailants damaged at least five taxis owned by North Indians in Central Mumbai. Four people were arrested.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/North-Indians-attacked-again-in-Mumbai/articleshow/2908977.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074703/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-29/india/27781883_1_taxis-north-indian-police|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=North Indians attacked again in Mumbai|date=29 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oneindia.com/2008/03/29/taxi-drivers-attacked-mumbai-1206772200.html|access-date=10 August 2016|date=29 March 2008|publisher=One India|title=North Indian taxi drivers attacked in Mumbai|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821031841/http://www.oneindia.com/2008/03/29/taxi-drivers-attacked-mumbai-1206772200.html|archive-date=21 August 2016}}</ref> Four labourers travelling on the [[Konkan Kanya Express]] from [[Thane]] to [[Margao]] in search of jobs were beaten and plundered by some men in [[Raigad district]] after being identified as North Indians on 1 April.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1158427|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|title=North Indians thrashed on Konkan Kanya Express|author=Vijay V Singh |date=3 April 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404083026/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1158427| archive-date= 4 April 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> Then on 30 May, a group of North Indians was injured when a mob of approximately 800 MNS activists attacked them at a meeting organised by the SP and some other North Indians fronts. Five North Indians were critically injured in the attack, and the police arrested 35 MNS activists after the incident.<ref name="TOI_May_attack">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/North-Indians-attacked-in-Mumbai-5-injured/articleshow/3084047.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074707/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-05-30/india/27765516_1_mns-activists-north-indians-raj-thackeray|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|title=North Indians attacked in Mumbai, 5 injured|date=30 May 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 June 2008}}</ref>

=== October ===
{{main|19 October 2008 All-India Railway Recruitment Board examination attack}}
After months of lull in the anti-North Indian offensive, on 19 October 2008, MNS activists beat up North Indian candidates appearing for the All-India Railway Recruitment Board entrance exam for the Western region in Mumbai.<ref name="Rahi Gaikwad"/> The attack invoked a quick reaction from Lalu Prasad Yadav and his cabinet colleague [[Ram Vilas Paswan]], who too hails from Bihar. [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] [[Nitish Kumar]], on the other hand, spoke to his Maharashtra counterpart [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]] and urged him to provide protection to the migrants from Bihar.<ref name="Railway_beatup">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/Cant_beat_them_in_exams_so_beat_them_up_MNS/articleshow/3616650.cms|title=Can't beat them in exams, so beat them up: MNS|date=20 October 2008|work=The Economic Times|location=India|access-date=21 October 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022135020/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/Cant_beat_them_in_exams_so_beat_them_up_MNS/articleshow/3616650.cms|archive-date=22 October 2008}}</ref> Lalu demanded a ban on the MNS, and described its chief Raj Thackeray as a "mental case".<ref name="Railway_beatup" /><ref name="Mental_case">{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Raj-Thackeray-a-mental-case--ban-MNS--Lalu/375299/|title=Raj Thackeray a mental case, ban MNS: Lalu|date=20 October 2008|work=The Indian Express|access-date=21 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022063810/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Raj-Thackeray-a-mental-case--ban-MNS--Lalu/375299/|archive-date=22 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Bihar witnessed violent protest after death of Pawan Mahto, a resident of Bara-Khurd village in Nalanda district, in anticipation that he died after being assaulted by MNS activists.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mns-attack-bihar-boy-dies-cm-announces-exgratia/376143/|title=MNS attack: Bihar boy dies, CM announces ex-gratia|work=The Indian Express|access-date=23 October 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022210416/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mns-attack-bihar-boy-dies-cm-announces-exgratia/376143/|archive-date=22 October 2008}}</ref> However, [[Government Railway Police]] (GRP) clarified, based on the [[CCTV]] footage, that Pawan had died due to an accident at [[Andheri]] station after slipping at a platform.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mns-backlash-railway-property-vandalised-in-bihar/377930/|title=MNS attack: Bihar boy died due to accident, not by attacks|work=The Indian Express|access-date=25 October 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026024344/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mns-backlash-railway-property-vandalised-in-bihar/377930/|archive-date=26 October 2008}}</ref>

The then-[[Chief minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister of Maharashtra]] Vilasrao Deshmukh admitted that his government was responsible for failure in preventing the attacks by MNS on north Indian candidates at [[Indian Railways|Railways]] examination centres and ordered a probe into the incident, which will also enquire into why the job advertisements where not given in Marathi newspapers. "What has happened is not good. Such incidents take place because of loopholes in the law. One can't hold only the Home Ministry responsible for it, it is (entire) government's responsibility. Such incidents are affecting the image of the state and I have instructed the DGP to take stern action," Deshmukh said.<ref name="Failure">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/We_failed_to_prevent_MNS_attack_on_north-Indians_CM_Deshmukh/rssarticleshow/3620511.cms|title=We failed to prevent MNS attack on north-Indians: Maharashtra CM|date=20 October 2008|work=The Times of India|access-date=21 October 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022015843/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/We_failed_to_prevent_MNS_attack_on_north-Indians_CM_Deshmukh/rssarticleshow/3620511.cms|archive-date=22 October 2012}}</ref> However, [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) leader [[Narayan Rane]], wrote a piece on 23 October 2008, issue of 'Prahar', in a city newspaper he owns, pleading that Marathis should get their legitimate share in the central government sector. ''[[The Times of India]]'' noted, the essay indicates that Rane continues to have a soft spot for MNS chief Raj Thackeray – the two were close friends when Rane was in the Sena. Stating that the Marathis were getting a raw deal in central government jobs such as income tax and the railways, Rane said it was perplexing that of 54,000, only 54 Marathis were summoned for the railway recruitment exams. The railways must give Marathis their legitimate share in employment, Rane said.<ref name="Rane_support">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Rane-springs-to-support-Rajs-agenda/articleshow/3634527.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022024026/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-24/mumbai/27921674_1_marathi-manoos-narayan-rane-marathi-youths|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2012|title=Rane springs to support Raj's agenda|date=24 October 2008|access-date=24 October 2008|first1=Ambarish|work=[[The Times of India]]|last1=Mishra}}</ref>

On 20 October 2008, Thackeray was arrested in [[Ratnagiri]] after Mumbai Police had received a non-bailable warrant issued by a [[Jamshedpur]] court against the MNS chief.<ref name="Oct_arrest">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/We_failed_to_prevent_MNS_attack_on_north-Indians_CM_Deshmukh/rssarticleshow/3620511.cms|title=MNS chief Raj Thackeray arrested|date=21 October 2008|work=The Times of India|access-date=21 October 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022015843/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/We_failed_to_prevent_MNS_attack_on_north-Indians_CM_Deshmukh/rssarticleshow/3620511.cms|archive-date=22 October 2012}}</ref> Raj's arrest ignited violence by his supporters in large parts of the city forcing it to shut down. Irate supporters went on the rampage torching public transport and telling office goers to return home.<ref name="HT_mayhem">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=Cricket&id=636c2661-af49-47e1-b043-5056a8a1c04c&&Headline=Mayhem+in+Mumbai+as+Raj+arrested|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110605230248/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=Cricket&id=636c2661-af49-47e1-b043-5056a8a1c04c&&Headline=Mayhem+in+Mumbai+as+Raj+arrested|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 June 2011|title=Mayhem in Mumbai as Raj Thackeray arrested|date=21 October 2008|work=The Economic Times |location=India|access-date=21 October 2008}}</ref> Many shops and commercial establishments, especially those run or managed by non-Maharashtrians, chose not to open at all to avoid trouble. Raj, whose MNS workers Sunday attacked non-Maharashtrians appearing for the railway board examination, was brought from Ratnagiri, about 250 km from here, to be produced at the Bandra court, where he was summoned for.<ref name="HT_mayhem" />

There was mayhem outside the court premises with large crowds gathering around restively and camera crews waiting to capture the trouble.<ref name="HT_mayhem" /> In some places, buses, taxis and autorickshaws were set on fire, in others areas public transport just stayed off the roads.<ref name="HT_mayhem" /> The office of the state Congress spokesperson [[Sanjay Nirupam]] was also vandalized.<ref name="HT_mayhem" />

A North Indian shopkeeper was killed in [[Bhandup]], Mumbai after he refused to shut down his shop when MNS activists protesting Raj's arrest forced him to do so.<ref name="shopkeeper">{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2008/oct/231008-Mumbai-Raj-Thackeray-MNS-Ramesh-Yadav-Maharashtra-Navnirman-Sena-activists.htm|title=Family of killed vendor demands compensation|newspaper=[[Mid-Day]]|access-date=23 October 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026005449/http://www.mid-day.com/news/2008/oct/231008-Mumbai-Raj-Thackeray-MNS-Ramesh-Yadav-Maharashtra-Navnirman-Sena-activists.htm| archive-date= 26 October 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Truveo">{{cite news|url=http://in.truveo.com/Shopkeeper-dies-after-clashes-SP-accuses-MNS/id/754707114|title=IBN Live Video: Shopkeeper dies after clashes, SP accuses|publisher=[[Truveo]]|access-date=23 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110717110628/http://in.truveo.com/Shopkeeper-dies-after-clashes-SP-accuses-MNS/id/754707114|archive-date=17 July 2011}}</ref> Four persons were killed and another seriously injured in a village near [[Kalyan, India|Kalyan]].<ref name="4_dead">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Four-killed-in-clash-after-Rajs-arrest/articleshow/3626619.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022023620/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-22/mumbai/27908835_1_raj-thackeray-mns-kalyan|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2012|title=Four killed in clash after Raj's arrest|date=22 October 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=22 October 2008}}</ref> Deputy Commissioner of Police (rural) Sanjay Shintre said two North Indians, a member of the [[Agri (caste)|Agri]] community and an MNS worker were killed in a clash between the two communities in [[Pisawali]], 10 kms from Kalyan. Earlier, curfew had been imposed in the entire Kalyan area. The situation in Kalyan worsened in the evening as Raj was driven there to a police station lock-up where he was to spend the night before being presented in a court on 22 October. Five outdoor broadcast vans belonging to media houses were damaged by MNS supporters. A cameraman from [[ETV Network (India)|ETV]] was injured and had to be admitted to a private hospital.<ref name="4_dead" /> One Kalyan-[[Dombivli]] municipal transport bus was set on fire while five bikes were reduced to ashes.<ref name="4_dead" /> Transport services across Kalyan were paralysed. A jewellery shop was also ransacked by MNS supporters. In all one hundred and twenty-five cases of arson, rioting and stone pelting were registered across the state, including in [[Pune]] and [[Marathwada]], by early evening, and 2,085 people were arrested, State [[Director general of police|Director General of Police]] (DGP) [[A N Roy]] said.<ref name="4_dead" />

As news about the arrest spread, there was violence in other parts of Maharashtra too.<ref name="HT_mayhem" /> Sporadic incidents of stone pelting at municipal and private buses were reported in the rest of Maharashtra following the arrest of MNS chief Raj Thackeray in Ratnagiri.<ref name="Hindu_RoMH">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200810211122.htm|title= Raj's arrest sparks protests in Pune, Nashik |date=21 October 2008|work=The Hindu |access-date=21 October 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024153212/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200810211122.htm| archive-date= 24 October 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Kothrud]] area, some alleged MNS activists damaged a company's bus that was taking its employees to workplace.<ref name="Hindu_RoMH" /> Few [[Pune Municipal Transport]] (PMT) buses were stoned by miscreants, police said. Meanwhile, police have picked up around 100 MNS activists, including some corporators as a preventive measure.<ref name="Hindu_RoMH" /> In [[Nashik]], MNS activists set ablaze a truck near PWD minister [[Chhagan Bhujbal]]'s farm and also damaged another truck at Vilholi-Phata area, police said. Incidents of stone pelting on [[MSRTC|Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation]] (MSCRT) buses and other vehicles were reported in some areas, they said, adding vehicular traffic on the busy Mumbai-Agra-national highway was disrupted following the protest.<ref name="Hindu_RoMH" /> Police rounded up 70 MNS activists in Nashik incidents and security was tightened in the city. In [[Solapur]], incidents of stone pelting on state transport buses were also reported.<ref name="Hindu_RoMH" /> In [[Nagpur]] MNS party leaders claimed to have damaged several MSCRT buses.<ref name="Raj Thackeray sent to judicial custody till 4 November">{{cite news|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/raj-thackeray-sent-to-judicial-custody-till-nov-4/76364-3-p1.html|title=Raj Thackeray sent to judicial custody till 4 November|date=21 October 2008|publisher=IBN Live|access-date=21 October 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024095108/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/raj-thackeray-sent-to-judicial-custody-till-nov-4/76364-3-p1.html| archive-date= 24 October 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref>

Angry students in various parts of Bihar damaged railway property and disrupted train traffic, as a protest. The police said the protesters targeted [[Patna]], [[Jehanabad railway station|Jehanabad]], [[Barh railway station|Barh]], [[Khusropur railway station|Khusropur]], [[Sasaram railway station|Sasaram]] and [[Purnia Junction railway station|Purnia]] railway stations in the morning. The protesting students reportedly set afire two AC bogies of an express train at [[Barh railway station]]. They ransacked [[Jehanabad]], [[Barh]], [[Purnia]] and [[Sasaram]]. According to the railway police, at least 10 students were detained in the morning and extra security was deployed to control the situation.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Bihar/Anger-against-Raj-Thackeray-rages-in-Bihar/Article1-346358.aspx| title=Anger against Raj Thackeray rages in Bihar| work=The Times of India| date=22 October 2008| access-date=22 March 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227032827/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Bihar/Anger-against-Raj-Thackeray-rages-in-Bihar/Article1-346358.aspx| archive-date=27 February 2014| df=dmy-all}}</ref> A 10-year-old boy was killed when police opened fire on protesters. The child was hit by a stray bullet and died at the scene after police in [[Rohtas district]] fired on a mob attacking a train station.<ref name="One_killed">{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idINDEL39104720081022|title=UPDATE 1-Boy killed in India violence, Mumbai leader free|date=22 October 2008|work=Reuters|access-date=1 January 2002|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025044048/http://in.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idINDEL39104720081022|archive-date=25 October 2008}}</ref> A group of 25 people pelted stones on the Maharashtra Bhawan in Khalasi Line, [[Kanpur]], Uttar Pradesh. Constructed in 1928, the building is owned by the lone trust run by Marathis in Kanpur.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/maharashtra-building-attacked-in-kanpur/375940/|title=Maharashtra Building attacked in Kanpur|date=22 October 2008|work=The Indian Express|access-date=23 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024062255/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/maharashtra-building-attacked-in-kanpur/375940/|archive-date=24 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== January–May 2009 ===
On 26 January 2009, MNS activists attacked North Indian residents of Satpur near Nashik who were paying tribute to the terrorist attacks on Mumbai in 2008 and also celebrating 'Uttar Pradesh Din' (Uttar Pradesh Day) through cultural programmes. Eight of them were arrested.<ref>{{cite web|title=Clashes between MNS workers, north Indians in Nashik |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/clashes-between-mns-workers-north-indians-in-nashik/83729-3.html |work=IBN Live |publisher=Cable News Network LP |date=26 January 2009 |access-date=16 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228153304/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/clashes-between-mns-workers-north-indians-in-nashik/83729-3.html |archive-date=28 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In May 2009, alleged MNS workers tried to disrupt Patna-born actress [[Neetu Chandra]]'s intimate photoshoot with a model in Mumbai, claiming that it promoted lesbianism and chanting "Jai Maharashtra."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/may/21/slide-show-1-neetu-chandra-racy-photoshoot-irks-mns.htm |title=Racy photo-shoot creates controversy|accessdate= 16 July 2009|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090801050411/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/may/21/slide-show-1-neetu-chandra-racy-photoshoot-irks-mns.htm|archive-date= 2009-08-01}}</ref>

== Arrests of Raj Thackeray and Abu Asim Azmi ==

Raj Thackeray and SP leader Abu Asim Azmi were booked under [[Indian Penal Code]] sections 153 (wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot), 153 A (promoting enmity between groups on the basis of place of birth, residence, etc.) and 153 B (imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration) on 11 February.<ref name="TOI_Raj_arrest" /> The police also applied section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code to both politicians and warned them not to hold any press conferences or rallies in the next seven days.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1150285|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|date=11 February 2008|title=Police act at last, book Raj & Azmi|author=Somendra Sharma|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603221052/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1150285|archive-date=3 June 2008}}</ref> On 13 February, however, police arrested both the leaders. Later that day, a local court granted Raj conditional bail and ordered him not to make any speeches that would inflame public tension. He obtained a release after furnishing a personal bond of Rs. 15,000.<ref name="TOI_Raj_arrest"/> Azmi was arrested and taken to the [[Bhoiwada]] court in South Central Mumbai and was released on surety of Rs. 10,000.<ref name="TOI_Raj_arrest">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Raj-Thackeray-arrested-released-on-bail/articleshow/2780007.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024065044/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-13/india/27748241_1_mns-workers-raj-thackeray-stone-pelting-incident|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|title=Raj Thackeray arrested, released on bail|date=13 February 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 April 2008}}</ref>

Raj appealed before the court against the [[gag order]] imposed on him, stating that he had to move around different places in Maharashtra for propounding the philosophy of his party and that such an order was an infringement of his '[[fundamental right]]s'.<ref name="AOL_gag">{{cite news|url=http://www.aol.in/news/story/2008022203589026000011/index.html|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Supreme asks Raj Thackeray to shut up|date=22 February 2008|publisher=[[AOL]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225221825/http://www.aol.in/news/story/2008022203589026000011/index.html| archive-date= 25 February 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> On 22 February, the court dismissed his appeal to re-track the extension of the gag order passed against him,<ref name="AOL_gag" /> following which MNS started a [[signature campaign]] to get support against the gag order. According to MNS, Maharashtrian actors [[Nana Patekar]] and [[Shreyas Talpade]] had shown support in opposing the gag order, along with actors [[Salman Khan]] and [[Suneil Shetty]].<ref name="TOI_Salman" /> Salman Khan and Suneil Shetty, however, later denied the MNS's claim.<ref name="TH_Salman">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200803071758.htm|title=Salman denies supporting 'dear friend' Raj over gag order|work=The Hindu |access-date=8 June 2008|date=7 March 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619143905/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200803071758.htm| archive-date= 19 June 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DNA_Suneil">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1156773|title=Suniel, Mithun wash hands off anti-migrant campaign|last=Tare|first=Kiran|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|access-date=8 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="Red_Salman">{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/07salman.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Salman denies backing Raj Thackeray|date=7 March 2008|publisher=[[Rediff]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409185213/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/07salman.htm| archive-date= 9 April 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> This move by MNS prompted the police to serve a show cause notice to Raj, asking him why the gag order should not be extended.<ref name="TOI_Salman">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Salman-Khan-Suneil-Shetty-oppose-gag-on-Raj-Thackeray/articleshow/2837932.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074712/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-04/india/27773262_1_gag-mns-chief-raj-thackeray-north-indian-community|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Salman Khan, Suneil Shetty oppose gag on Raj Thackeray|date=4 March 2008}}</ref>

Over 1,800 activists were put under arrest for substantive offences and as a preventive measure since violence had erupted on the streets of Mumbai on 13 February, according to the Joint Commissioner of Mumbai Police (Law and Order), K. L. Prasad.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Mumbai-limps-back-to-normalcy/272984/|access-date=4 April 2008|work=The Indian Express|title=Mumbai limps back to normalcy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320064556/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Mumbai-limps-back-to-normalcy/272984/|archive-date=20 March 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Expression of displeasure by the Supreme Court ===

On 22 February, while hearing two [[Public Interest Litigation]]s, the [[Supreme Court of India]] termed the attacks on North Indians in Mumbai by Maharashtra Navnirman Sena activists as "a dangerous trend". The three-judge bench comprising [[Chief Justice of India|Chief Justice]] [[K G Balakrishnan]], and Justices [[R V Ravindran]] and [[Markandey Katju]] observed, <blockquote>
"It [attack on North Indians] is a very dangerous tendency. What is happening there [Mumbai], we can understand. These [who were attacked] are innocent people. We understand the situation there [in Maharashtra] and what is happening. This is one country and we will not accept son-of-soil theory. We will not permit Balkanisation of this country."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1152285|title=Supreme court rap for Raj Thackeray|author=Rakesh Bhatnagar |date=22 February 2008|access-date=6 May 2008|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603221112/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1152285| archive-date= 3 June 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote>

The court passed the judgement while hearing two [[Public Interest Litigation]]s on related issues. While the first, filed by advocate Arvind Shukla, had sought direction to the Election Commission to derecognise Mr Raj Thackeray's MNS for his controversial remarks against North Indians, the other one, filed by RU Upadhyay, sought protection for the North Indians in Maharashtra and compensation to those who had suffered from the attacks. The court, however, refused to pass any direction on the grounds that the issue was related to the aspect of law and order, and it thus directed the petitioners to have faith in the [[Bombay High Court]] and seek further hearing there.<ref name="SC_order">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/Sons_of_the_soil_theory_gets_Supreme_flak/articleshow/2806197.cms|title=Sons of the soil theory gets Supreme flak|date=23 February 2008|work=The Economic Times|location=India|access-date=3 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501183253/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/Sons_of_the_soil_theory_gets_Supreme_flak/articleshow/2806197.cms|archive-date=1 May 2014}}</ref>

In another apparent rebuff to Raj Thackeray, the Supreme Court asserted that every Indian has the right to settle anywhere in the country.<ref name="ET_SC" /><ref name="FE_SC">{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Indians-have-right-to-settle-anywhere-in-country/284542/|title=Indians have right to settle anywhere in country|date=14 March 2008|work=The Financial Express |access-date=8 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="TT">{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080317/edit.htm#1|title=The supreme snub: Thackerays of the world put in their place|date=17 March 2008|work=Tribune Editorial |location=India|access-date=7 June 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526184244/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080317/edit.htm| archive-date= 26 May 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> A bench consisting of Justices H K Sema and Markandey Katju remarked,
<blockquote>"India is not an association or confederation of states, it is a union of state and there is only one nationality that is Indian. Hence every Indian has a right to go anywhere in India, to settle anywhere, and work and do business of his choice in any part of India peacefully."<ref name="ET_SC">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/SC_upholds_right_to_settle_anywhere_in_the_country/rssarticleshow/2867369.cms|title=SC upholds right to settle anywhere in the country|date=15 March 2008|work=The Economic Times|location=India|access-date=8 June 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008025548/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/SC_upholds_right_to_settle_anywhere_in_the_country/rssarticleshow/2867369.cms|archive-date=8 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="FE_SC" /></blockquote>

The apex court made the observation while upholding the [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]]'s move to ban the sale of meat in the town during the nine-day "[[Paryushan|Paryushan festival]]" observed by the [[Jain]] community.<ref name="ET_SC" /><ref name="FE_SC" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/storypage/storypage.aspx?id=bd118429-1562-41b7-b862-b6f9daf4ba81&ParentID=bced4ce0-d738-4ca1-9ecb-bd81e49f8754&&Headline=%27Citizens+can+settle+anywhere+in+India%27|title=Citizen has right to live anywhere in the country: SC|work=The Hindustan Times |access-date=6 May 2008|date=14 March 2008}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== Exodus of North Indians from Maharashtra ==

=== Nashik ===

The news of Raj's possible arrest provoked a heightened attack on the North Indians in the industrial town of Nashik in Maharashtra, Raj's political stronghold.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/news/news/nashik-s-economy-suffers-as-migrants-flee-23841|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Nashik's economy suffers as migrants flee|author=Imtiaz Jaleel|date=18 February 2008|publisher=[[NDTV]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819044059/http://www.ndtv.com/video/news/news/nashik-s-economy-suffers-as-migrants-flee-23841|archive-date=19 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="DNA_680">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1150680|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|date=13 February 2008|title=Nearly 10,000 North Indians flee from Nashik|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215214124/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1150680|archive-date=15 February 2008}}</ref> North Indians left the city by buses, trains and private vehicles.<ref name="Red_Nashik_flee" /><ref name="DNA_680" /> Railway officials at Nashik station said that this was the largest crowd using the railroad since the Sinhasta [[Kumbha Mela]] in 2003–2004. It was perhaps one of the largest exoduses from a single district in the country ever.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Maha-exodus-10000-north-Indians-flee-in-fear/articleshow/2780795.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024065102/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-14/india/27743183_1_mns-activists-maharashtra-navnirman-sena-activists-migrant-workers|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Maha exodus:10000 North Indians flee in fear|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 February 2008}}</ref> [[Chhagan Bhujbal]], Nashik's guardian minister, reported that 15,000 migrant workers had left the city in the aftermath of the violence against North Indians.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Nashik-exodus-continues/articleshow/2790374.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021144721/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-18/mumbai/27776073_1_nashik-police-migrant-workers-judicial-probe|url-status=live|archive-date=21 October 2012|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Nashik exodus continues|first1=Prafulla|last1=Marpakwar|first2=Devraj|last2=Dasgupta|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 February 2008}}</ref>

=== Pune ===

In Pune, an estimated 25,000 workers left the city in the wake of the attacks, according to government officials.<ref name="IE_Pune_flee" /><ref name="TOI_Pune_flee" /> Pune's District Guardian Minister [[Ajit Pawar]] and Collector Prabhakar Deshmukh held meetings of various people's representatives to stop the mass departure. They were joined by local [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] MP [[Suresh Kalmadi]], who picketed at Pune railway station to allay fears of those boarding the trains with their family members, carrying their meager belongings.<ref name="IE_Pune_flee" /><ref name="TOI_Pune_flee" />

=== Effects on local industries ===

Local industries in Nashik, especially those located in the [[Ambad]] [[Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation]] area, were affected due to the large-scale departure of migrant workers. According to a report, 40 percent small and medium industries in the Ambad industrial area had been closed down due to the migration. Though the local industries at Nashik are ancillary units, they provide material to big industries such as [[Mahindra and Mahindra]] and [[Crompton Greaves]]. Losses resulting from the exodus were estimated to be ₹5–7 billion (₹500–700 crore).<ref name="DNA_680" />

In Pune, where the construction industry was badly hit, some local organisations, working for porters, construction workers and casual labourers, tried to stop the exodus.<ref name="ET_tirade" /> These organisations set up a National Integration Committee (NIC) and charted out confidence-building measures among the migrants in the city. One of the resolutions passed at the meeting was to encourage participation of the North Indians in all festivities in the near future.<ref name="ET_tirade" /> In fact, ninety percent of the labour force in Pune consists of migrants; 60 percent of these come from Bihar and UP. It was also feared that the stoppage of construction activities would adversely affect the plans of hosting certain events of the [[2008 Commonwealth Youth Games]] to be held in the city.<ref name="ET_tirade" />

On 8 September 2008, [[Infosys Technologies]] announced that 3,000 employee positions had been shifted from Pune to Chennai, due to construction delays caused earlier that year by the attacks on North Indian construction workers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sify.com/finance/fullstory.php?id=14754530 |title=Pune loses 3,000 jobs as Infy looks at Chennai|website=[[Sify]]| access-date=22 March 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302062913/http://sify.com/finance/fullstory.php?id=14754530| archive-date= 2 March 2009| url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Political reactions ==

The attacks evoked severe responses from political parties and their leaders, particularly of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. [[Mayawati]], the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, accused the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]-ruled [[Maharashtra government]] of failing to prevent the attacks. She demanded [[central government of India|centre]] intervention to protect the lives and properties of North Indians in the state.<ref name="TOI_hesitates" /> Bihar chief minister [[Nitish Kumar]] said "''Mumbai ujad jayega'' (Mumbai will be ruined)". In response to the attacks on taxi drivers and vendors, he added, "What will happen in Mumbai if taxis go off the roads? Mumbai will come to a standstill".<ref name="TOI_hesitates" />
Lalu Prasad Yadav on 5 February 2008, took up the issue of attacks on North Indians with Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] and demanded action against those involved in them.<ref name="Red_Lalu">{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/05lalu.htm|title=Attacks on north Indians: Lalu speaks to PM|date=5 February 2008|publisher=[[Rediff]]|access-date=22 March 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609065750/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/05lalu.htm|archive-date=9 June 2008}}</ref> Commenting on Raj Thackeray, Lalu Prasad said, "He is desperate and such type of leader will never be successful in the country. The Government should take action against him and his supporters".<ref name="Red_Lalu" />

In the national capital, [[Delhi]], political and social organisations launched [[street protest]]s and burnt Raj's [[effigy]], while members of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)'s [[Poorvanchal]] cell held a demonstration demanding that the dismissal of the Maharashtra government.<ref name="TOI_hesitates" /> In [[Allahabad]], SP workers tried to obstruct the movement of trains in protest. In Uttar Pradesh's capital, [[Lucknow]], [[Nationalist Congress Party]] activists burnt an effigy of Raj.<ref name="TOI_hesitates" /> In [[Patna]], capital of Bihar, RJD's youth wing staged a demonstration against Raj and the MNS. Thackeray's effigies were burnt also in [[Jamshedpur]] in the state of [[Jharkhand]].<ref name="TOI_hesitates">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Maharashtra-govt-hesitates-to-take-on-Raj/articleshow/2757060.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024065037/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-05/india/27747686_1_raj-thackeray-maharashtra-navnirman-sena-mns-workers|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Govt hesitates to take on Raj|date=5 February 2008}}</ref>

The then-[[Chief minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister of Maharashtra]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]] condemned Raj's actions and promised to protect migrants from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and at the same time warned SP from hijacking the situation for political mileage.<ref name="TOI_hesitates" /> The [[Nationalist Congress Party]], a key member of the ruling coalition in Maharashtra, also criticised Raj Thackeray and said the campaign was a "cheap publicity stunt".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/violence-in-mumbai-rallies-political-class-against-raj-thackeray-mns_422472.html|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Violence in Mumbai rallies political class against Raj Thackeray, MNS|publisher=[[Zee News]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123105837/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/violence-in-mumbai-rallies-political-class-against-raj-thackeray-mns_422472.html|archive-date=23 January 2016}}</ref> On 6 February 2008 about 200 MNS party workers quit their party and re-joined [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]], to protest against the MNS's anti-North Indian agenda.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Fed-up-with-MNS-200-members-join-Shiv-Sena/articleshow/2761371.cms|title=Fed up with MNS, 200 members join Shiv Sena|access-date=4 April 2008|date=6 February 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716143415/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-06/india/27753220_1_mns-presence-of-sena-executive-shiv-sena|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=16 July 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Gandhisonia05052007.jpg|thumb|left|At a rally in [[Delhi]], [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] President [[Sonia Gandhi]] announced that there should be no leniency towards those stoking regional and communal passions.]]

On 9 March, [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] President [[Sonia Gandhi]] declared that there should be no leniency towards those stoking regional and communal passions. "Unity and integrity are the basic conditions for progress of the nation and to fight terrorism. There should be no leniency towards those who seek to discriminate on the basis of religion and region," Sonia Gandhi said.<ref name="DNA_Sonia">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1155179|access-date=4 April 2008|title=No leniency for those stoking regionalism, communalism: Sonia|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|date=9 March 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603221118/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1155179|archive-date=3 June 2008}}</ref> She asserted that the country belongs to all with equal rights to it, and that it is the responsibility of all to ensure security of life and property of every citizen in any part of the country.<ref name="DNA_Sonia" />

Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha, [[Lal Krishna Advani]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) criticising the attacks commented, "No political party should say or do anything that weakens the country's unity or undermines the Constitution".<ref>{{cite news|title=Attack on north Indians unacceptable: Advani|date=12 February 2008|work=The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Attack_on_north_Indians_unacceptable_Advani/rssarticleshow/2774966.cms|access-date=22 March 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024072412/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Attack_on_north_Indians_unacceptable_Advani/rssarticleshow/2774966.cms|archive-date=24 October 2012}}</ref> BJP spokesperson [[Prakash Javadekar]] alleged that the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] State government deliberately delayed taking any action when the attacks on North Indians began in Mumbai. He said that he suspected Congress had a strategy to divide Maharashtrian and non-Maharashtrian votes, by creating a feeling of insecurity among non-Maharashtrians in the hope that they would vote for the Congress. He blamed the party for trying to divert people's attention from more critical problems that Maharashtra faces, such as the agrarian crisis and load shedding. He added, "India is one and every Indian has a right to settle down and work in any part of the country".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/14/stories/2008021455521200.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|title=BJP blames Congress for Maharashtra violence|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 February 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419100005/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/14/stories/2008021455521200.htm| archive-date= 19 April 2008 | url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:LKAdvani1.jpg|thumb|right|[[L.K. Advani]] said India is one and every Indian has a right to settle down and work in any part of the country]]

The [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) demanded stringent action against those inciting violence and asked democratic forces to launch a united struggle against such elements. The party also accused the media, particularly the electronic media, of encouraging anti-national and parochial forces by giving them "undue publicity".<ref name="CPI" /> According to a resolution adopted at its 20th national Congress at Hyderabad, no adequate action was against those who indulge in chauvinistic slogans and perpetuate hooliganism, and the ruling Congress-led coalition and the opposition BJP utilised these forces for their local political gains. The resolution also said, "Opportunistic, parochial and chauvinistic" forces like Shiv Sena and MNS have exploited the situation for narrow electoral gains and demanded compensation for those affected by the violence. The resolution stated that in 1966, Bal Thackeray gave anti-South Indian slogans and now his nephew wants to repeat that experience by giving anti-North Indian slogans.<ref name="CPI">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c9901eb3-8b42-4bee-8dae-51c9996647d7&ParentID=d820b0ed-c03b-4489-8073-a52e242bbaaa&MatchID1=4678&TeamID1=6&TeamID2=3&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1179&PrimaryID=4678&Headline=CPI+condemns+MNS+anti-North+Indian+campaign|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125121225/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c9901eb3-8b42-4bee-8dae-51c9996647d7&ParentID=d820b0ed-c03b-4489-8073-a52e242bbaaa&MatchID1=4678&TeamID1=6&TeamID2=3&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1179&PrimaryID=4678&Headline=CPI+condemns+MNS+anti-North+Indian+campaign|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013|access-date=4 April 2008|title=CPI condemns MNS anti-North Indian campaign|work=The Hindustan Times }}</ref> The [[All India Minorities Front]] (AIMF) threatened to launch a nationwide agitation against Raj if he did not mend his ways and avoid targeting North Indians and non-Maharashtrians.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khabarexpress.com/2/13/2008/All-India-Minorities-Front-gives-72-hours-to-Raj-Thackeray-to-mend-his-ways-news_13207.html|access-date=4 April 2008|title=All India Minorities Front gives 72 hours to Raj Thackeray to mend his ways|work=Khabar Express|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713145723/http://www.khabarexpress.com/2/13/2008/All-India-Minorities-Front-gives-72-hours-to-Raj-Thackeray-to-mend-his-ways-news_13207.html|archive-date=13 July 2011}}</ref>

== Media coverage and response ==
[[File:Raj Thackeray as Hitler.jpg|thumb|left|The cover page of the magazine ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'', depicting [[Raj Thackeray]] as [[Adolf Hitler]]]]

The anti-North Indian violence was labelled as a 'tirade against North Indians' by sections of the national media (''[[The Hindu]]'',<ref name="TH_MNS">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/04/stories/2008020456251200.htm |title=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena's tirade against North Indians take new turn |access-date=4 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028185719/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/04/stories/2008020456251200.htm |archive-date=28 October 2008 |url-status=dead |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 February 2008 }}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Shah-Rukh-Khan-bats-for-migrants-in-Mumbai/articleshow/2777486.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074723/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-02-12/india/27754943_1_indians-bollywood-star-shah-rukh-khan|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Shah Rukh bats for migrants in Mumbai|date=12 February 2008}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Herald]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Feb172008/national2008021752746.asp|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Tirade against north Indians continues|date=17 February 2008|work=Deccan Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414165714/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Feb172008/national2008021752746.asp |archive-date = 14 April 2008}}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=9ff9aecf-253f-445b-9db6-5df52c8f51bb|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Saga of anti-north Indian tirade continues|work=The Hindustan Times|date=7 March 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606090749/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=9ff9aecf-253f-445b-9db6-5df52c8f51bb|archive-date=6 June 2011}}</ref> ''[[The Economic Times]]'')<ref name="ET_tirade">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Property__Cstruction/Tirade_against_North_Indians_affects_construction_industry/articleshow/2800637.cms|access-date=4 April 2008|work=The Economic Times|location=India|date=28 February 2008|title=Tirade against north Indians affects construction industry|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812013400/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Property__Cstruction/Tirade_against_North_Indians_affects_construction_industry/articleshow/2800637.cms|archive-date=12 August 2016}}</ref> and international media (''[[Khaleej Times]]'').<ref name="KT" /> The ''Hindustan Times'' published a survey on the front page on 15 February, which said that 73 percent of Mumbai believed the insular line of the MNS and its president against North Indians was denting Mumbai's [[multicultural|cosmopolitan]] image.<ref name="HT_survey" /> The ''Hindustan Times'' later received a call from the MNS spokesperson [[Shirish Parkar]] protesting the findings of the study.<ref name="HT_survey">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.in/storypage/storypage.aspx?id=c2a80d2c-1068-4517-9412-366a1e83c1ff&&Headline='Raj+ruining+Mumbai%e2%80%99s+cosmo+character'|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123105837/http://www.hindustantimes.in/storypage/storypage.aspx?id=c2a80d2c-1068-4517-9412-366a1e83c1ff&&Headline=%27Raj+ruining+Mumbai%E2%80%99s+cosmo+character%27|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 January 2016|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Raj ruining Mumbai's cosmo character: survey|date=17 February 2008|work=The Hindustan Times}}</ref> Raj blamed the English-language and Hindi-language media of being biased against him and his party.<ref name="KT">{{cite news|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?section=subcontinent&xfile=data/subcontinent/2008/february/subcontinent_february276.xml|access-date=4 April 2008|author=Nithin Belle|title=Defaint Raj renews tirade against N. Indian 'dadagiri'|work=[[Khaleej Times]]|date=10 February 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616083518/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?section=subcontinent&xfile=data%2Fsubcontinent%2F2008%2Ffebruary%2Fsubcontinent_february276.xml|archive-date=16 June 2008}}</ref> In addition, some held the media responsible of giving Raj undue publicity. According to an SMS/web poll conducted by CNN IBN, 88 percent of the voters were of the opinion that Raj Thackeray was "feeding on media hype".<ref name="Yahoo" /> On 11 February, in Pune, a group of about 15 MNS activists burnt 150 copies of ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'', a weekly magazine in English, in reaction to its cover story on Raj's controversial utterances, portraying him as Mumbai's [[Hitler]].<ref name="week">{{cite web|url=http://week.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/theWeekContent.do?sectionName=Current+Events&contentId=3583329&programId=1073754900&pageTypeId=1073754893&contentType=EDITORIAL&BV_ID=@@@ |title=Bail me out! |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |access-date=26 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620035016/http://week.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/theWeekContent.do?sectionName=Current%2BEvents&contentId=3583329&programId=1073754900&pageTypeId=1073754893&contentType=EDITORIAL&BV_ID=%40%40%40 |archive-date=20 June 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="GN_mag">{{cite news|url=http://www.gulfnews.com/World/India/10189084.html|title=Charges filed against Raj Thackeray, Azmi|date=11 February 2008|newspaper=[[Gulfnews]]|access-date=28 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615055202/http://www.gulfnews.com/world/India/10189084.html|archive-date=15 June 2008}}</ref>

The Editor-in-Chief of ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'', [[Vinod Mehta]], said in a debate on the media's role in the situation, "Here is a politician [Raj Thackeray] propounding an idea that could lead to a civil war in the country. The doctrine had to be challenged and what could the media have done? While you may argue that some images were in excess, you will also agree we had to report because this fight to the streets". Ending the debate on a sarcastic note Mehta said, "It's ridiculous! The politicians are not responsible, the state government isn't responsible, police are not to be blamed but media is responsible".<ref name="Yahoo">{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/58805/02_2008/ftn_1202_1/raj-govt-or-media-who-did-mumbai-in.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126000247/http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/58805/02_2008/ftn_1202_1/raj-govt-or-media-who-did-mumbai-in.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2013|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Raj, govt or media:Who did Mumbai in?|publisher=IBNLive|date=13 February 2008}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|
There is no denying that civic amenities in Mumbai are cracking under the added pressure of a migrant population seeking the riches of India's commercial capital. The solution cannot be wielding a ''lathi'' or a sword. Nor can it be in jingoistic expressions of Marathi pride or North Indian chest thumping. Mumbai will do well to remember how the city came together during the train blasts ([[11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings]]). No one asked then, who is a migrant and who is a Maharashtrian. It's dangerous to solve administrative problems with ethnic quick fixes.| [[CNN IBN]]'s editorial<ref name="Yahoo" />}}

Painter [[Pranava Prakash]] did his exhibition titled "Chal Hat Be Bihari" in January 2009 in Delhi protesting violence against north Indians in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jassi |first1=Pallavi |title=Hate canvas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/hate-canvas/ |access-date=26 June 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=8 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123105840/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/hate-canvas/420671/ |archive-date=23 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Local vernacular media ===

The [[Marathi language|Marathi]] daily ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'' editorial on Raj's arrest said that his arrest was a big farce, from which he emerged with pomp and style. It condemned the violence that resulted after the arrest that forced thousands of migrant workers to uproot themselves from various parts of Maharashtra.<ref name="LOCAL MEDIA">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1151881|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|title=About Raj's arrest, the drama, and violence thereafter|author=Neeta Kolhatkar|date=20 February 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603221108/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1151881|archive-date=3 June 2008}}</ref> ''[[Loksatta]]'' criticised the television channels for their relentless replay of just two instances to portray the violent impact of his arrest. The edit blamed Hindi channels for making Mumbai look like [[Gujarat]] during the [[2002 Gujarat riots]]. Another editor in the same daily also wrote that the ''"Marathi andolan"'' (Marathi demonstration) will not benefit any party, as the Marathi vote would be divided between the Shiv Sena and MNS.<ref name="LOCAL MEDIA" /> ''[[Lokmat]]'', another popular Marathi daily, published a special on a population survey conducted by the [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]] (TISS), according to which, there has been a 21% decrease in the migrant population in the city since 1961. The North Indian population, however, witnessed an increase from 12 to 24 percent.<ref name="LOCAL MEDIA" /> ''[[Saamna]]'''s editorial asked what wrong Ambadas Bararao, the Maharashtrian man killed in the violence, had committed.<ref name="LOCAL MEDIA" /> The editor of ''[[Sakal]]'' wrote that although Raj had gained political mileage by taking up the cause of Marathi people, its impact was severe on the migrants, who had to flee the state.<ref name="LOCAL MEDIA" />

Nikhil Wagle, Editor-in-Chief of [[IBN Lokmat|Lokmat TV]], on the day of Raj's arrest said in an interview with [[CNBC India]] that the Mumbai police should have acted against Raj Thackeray and Abu Azmi earlier. He said, "Had they acted, there would have been no violence. I think the police reacted a little late." He expressed his apprehensions about the Shiv Sena stirring up some trouble to compete with Raj Thackeray as he had put the Sena on the back foot. "Raj Thackeray has stolen the show from Uddhav Thackeray. I think Bal Thackeray will be worried and he will create some trouble. He might give some provocative statements. So, the police have to be observant otherwise it will be a fight between the two brothers and Maharashtra and Mumbai will suffer."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/news/current-affairs/shiv-sena-willtheir-ante-now-ibn-lokmat/05/14/326066|title=Shiv Sena will up their ante now: IBN Lokmat|publisher=[[Moneycontrol]]|access-date=20 June 2008}}</ref>

[[Indian Express]] editor [[Sudheendra Kulkarni]]'s open letter in ''[[Loksatta]]'' (Marathi newspaper owned by [[The Indian Express]]) to Raj Thackeray, in response to Raj's article in Marathi titled ''Maazi Bhoomika, Maaza Ladha'' (My Stand, My Struggle) in the Maharashtra Times of 9 February. The letter by Sudheendra which admonished Raj Thackeray for his "hate speech" solicited a response from Raj. A similar open letter was addressed to Raj by journalist [[Rajdeep Sardesai]] to Raj deploring his party's actions in the [[19 October 2008 All-India Railway Recruitment Board examination attack]].<ref name="Rajdeep">{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/blogs/rajdeepsardesai/1/52784/an-open-letter-to-raj-thackeray.html|title=An Open Letter to Raj Thackeray|date=31 October 2008|publisher=[[IBNLive]]|access-date=4 January 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221233950/http://ibnlive.in.com/blogs/rajdeepsardesai/1/52784/an-open-letter-to-raj-thackeray.html| archive-date= 21 December 2008 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{{cquote|I have carefully read, and re-read, your signed article in Marathi titled Maazi Bhoomika, Maaza Ladha (My Stand, My Struggle) in the Maharashtra Times of 9 February, and think that some of your arguments are far too nuanced to be simply categorised as hate speech... If Abu Azmi, or some other leaders claiming to represent the 'north Indian voters' in Mumbai have behaved haughtily, and shown disrespect for the city's Marathi-speaking people, protest by all means. But why are you yourself showing disrespect to the entire community of north Indians, as is evident from your article and your other reported statements? How can you allow your supporters to take law into their hands and do ''raada'' (street mayhem)? Can you justify the politics of violence against a fellow-Indian, as was evident when an innocent employee of HAL was killed in a stone-throwing incident in Nashik following your arrest in Mumbai?*|author=Excerpt from [[Indian Express]] editor Sudheendra Kulkarni's open letter in ''[[Loksatta]]'' (Marathi newspaper owned by [[The Indian Express]]) to Raj Thackeray<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/273795.html|title=An open letter to Raj Thackeray|work=The Indian Express|access-date=22 June 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417021727/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/273795.html|archive-date=17 April 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}}

{{col-2}}
{{cquote|A guest is welcomed if he adjusts himself to the host's house. But if he tries to change the host's house through ''dadagiri'', we won't tolerate it. And no means no!

I am proud of my workers for their struggle! Please don't call it 'Rada' (hooliganism) by giving old and historic references. They hit the streets to protect their own language and culture. Police are visiting their houses again and again and beating them up like cattle to punish them for protecting their language and culture.

They are tolerating it quietly. For whom? For Maharashtra! For India! It is fashionable for intellectuals here to blame my party for the unsolved problem of Marathi identity. But am I or my party responsible for it?*|author=Excerpt from Raj Thackeray's letter to ''[[Loksatta]]'' in response to Sudheendra Kulkarni's letter<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Do-political-movements-need-to-obey-the-law-What-about-Advani-rath-yatra-Modis-Godhra-outrage/276266/ |title=Raj Thackeray's response to Sudheendra Kulkarni's letter |work=The Indian Express |access-date=22 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328102851/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Do-political-movements-need-to-obey-the-law-What-about-Advani-rath-yatra-Modis-Godhra-outrage/276266/ |archive-date=28 March 2008 |df=dmy }}</ref>}}
{{col-end}}
<div style="text-align: center;"><nowiki>*</nowiki> Translated in English (original text in [[Marathi language|Marathi]])
</div>

== Political analysis ==

Political observers commented that the attacks on North Indians by MNS were a "shrewd ploy" of their chief Raj to embarrass the Shiv Sena and usurp its core Marathi constituency.<ref name="Red_mns" /> They also felt Raj was trying to gain a political foothold by imitating his uncle and political mentor Bal Thackeray, who had headed the anti-[[South India]]n campaign—"''Lungi Bhagao, Pungi Bajao''" (throw out those who wear lungis, celebrate by blowing bugles)<ref>{{cite news|date=13 February 2008|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/13/stories/2008021354841200.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Maharashtra government 'soft' on Raj Thackeray's outfit, says BJP| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424090911/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/13/stories/2008021354841200.htm| archive-date= 24 April 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]]| url-status=dead}}</ref>—during the [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)#History|formative years of the Shiv Sena]] in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Opinion/Interviews/Raj_Srikant_Thackeray_The_Raja_of_regionalism/rssarticleshow/msid-2775114,curpg-2.cms|work=The Economic Times|location=India|title=Raj Srikant Thackeray: The Raja of Regionalism|quote=Imitation, they say, is the best form of flattery. Balasaheb Thackeray doesn't seem to be flattered, nor amused, at his nephew trying his 1960s' recipe.|access-date=4 April 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008025700/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Opinion/Interviews/Raj_Srikant_Thackeray_The_Raja_of_regionalism/rssarticleshow/msid-2775114,curpg-2.cms|archive-date=8 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main37.asp?filename=Ne160208old_grouses.asp|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Old Grouses, New Targets|work=[[Tehelka]]|date=16 February 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416061811/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main37.asp?filename=Ne160208old_grouses.asp|archive-date=16 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1811/18110440.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|publisher=[[The Hindu Group]]|author=[[Praveen Swami]]|title=A xenophobic agenda|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325000458/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1811/18110440.htm|archive-date=25 March 2008|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?col=&section=opinion&xfile=data/opinion/2008/February/opinion_February60.xml|access-date=4 April 2008|author=Praful Bidwai|title=Bringing communal bullies to book|date=16 February 2008|work=[[Khaleej Times]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616093404/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?col=&section=opinion&xfile=data%2Fopinion%2F2008%2FFebruary%2Fopinion_February60.xml|archive-date=16 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main37.asp?filename=Ne160208brink_politics.asp|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Brink Politics in Maximum City|work=[[Tehelka]]|date=16 February 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323063948/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main37.asp?filename=Ne160208brink_politics.asp|archive-date=23 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.frontline.in/fl2025/stories/20031219008601500.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Diversionary tactics|work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|publisher=[[The Hindu Group]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828031116/http://www.frontline.in/fl2025/stories/20031219008601500.htm|archive-date=28 August 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/268937.html|access-date=4 April 2008|work=The Indian Express|title=Mumbaikar vs Mumbai|author=Amrita Shah|date=5 February 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416171227/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/268937.html|archive-date=16 April 2008}}</ref>

[[Kumar Ketkar]], the editor of the Marathi daily ''[[Loksatta]]'', said though Raj might have achieved what he wanted, but he may have not anticipated the attention it would get. He said, "He thought the media would gobble it up and just create a small storm that will shift the agenda. But the great Amar Singh and Abu Azmi fuelled the issue by taking him more seriously than what he deserves. The confrontational position aided the MNS volunteers to get into the limelight". Ketkar also said the Shiv Sena would lose in the scenario commenting, "The Sena tried to woo the North Indians after it realised their value as a vote bank in the 2004 defeat. They realised that the demography of the city had changed within a decade. That is when they decided it was time to please the North Indians. [[Uddhav Thackeray|Uddhav]] started organising ''Uttar Bharatiya'' functions. This is the year that he bore the fruits of his efforts. That is why Raj decided to strike at the same sentiment that the Sena played in the past—the ''Marathi Manoos''."<ref name="Red_mns">{{cite news|title=Analysis: What drove Raj Thackeray's party to violence|author=Krishnakumar P|date=8 February 2008|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/08mns.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|publisher=[[Rediff]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325225644/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/08mns.htm| archive-date= 25 March 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref>

The author of ''The Sena Story'', Vaibhav Purandare, said Raj resorted to this measure to stem his party's eroding credibility. He said, "When Raj launched his party, he first started out with an inclusive approach. When he found that it is not working, he had to do something drastic to get back into the limelight. On the other hand, the Sena was actually becoming inclusive. It even began attracting Muslims into its fold. It also began taking up the common man's issues like farmer suicides and power supply. This is Raj's attempt to take the Sena's mass base away to completely embarrass the Sena. And he has succeeded."<ref name="Red_mns" /> Both Ketkar and Purandare, however, agreed that Raj was trying to position himself as Bal Thackeray's potential successor.<ref name="Red_mns" />

=== Alleged Congress support for MNS ===

Shubhangi Khapre of [[Daily News and Analysis]] noted in her article titled ''Forget political will, Raj has state support'', stated, "Ever since its birth on 9 March 2006, MNS has been nurtured by the ruling Congress and Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) with an ulterior motive of splitting the Shiv Sena.<ref name="Political_will">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1193336|title=Forget political will, Raj has state support: Congress-NCP wants proactive MNS to serve its political ends|last=Khapre|first=Shubhangi|date=26 September 2008|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|access-date=24 October 2008}}</ref> Ironically, the Sena itself was given a 'protected childhood' in the late 1960s by the then Congress as a tool to war with the Communist Party of India, which had a strong presence in Mumbai. Not surprisingly, covertly the administration has provided Raj adequate platform to consolidate the political forum through an emotive Marathi plank. The purpose is to split the 26% Marathi voters in Mumbai, which is rather loyal to the Shiv Sena. The electoral merit of the MNS remains untested but its ability to bond with sons of the soil cannot be cursorily dismissed in Mumbai, Thane, Nashik and Pune."<ref name="Political_will" /> She further noted, "Under chief minister Vilasrao Deshmukh, the Congress sees a double advantage in the strategy: A proactive MNS will divide Sena voters on the one hand and drive Mumbai’s North Indian community — which was being targeted as "outsiders" by the MNS — to Congress's lap. North Indians, who dominate 48 essential services in Mumbai, constitute a sizeable — and hence decisive — vote bank. Forget political will, it is well-calculated political design which has withheld the Democratic Front government from taking stern action against Raj. Or else, how does one explain home minister RR Patil engaging in a telephone conversation urging him to slow down instead of arresting his men indulging in violence on streets?"<ref name="Political_will" /> She also said, "(Vilasrao) Deshmukh is no better. He has often said, "My administration will not tolerate divisive forces. Nobody is above the law"."<ref name="Political_will" /> She expressed her views in reference to, Bombay High Court on lashing out at the Maharashtra government over the threat given by Maharashtra Navnirman Sena about displaying the Marathi signboard on the shops and establishments in the metropolis. "If you don't have political will, then give that message to the people that we can not do anything," Division Bench of Justice J N Patel and K K Tated said dissatisfied about government's inaction against hooliganism of Maharashtra Navnirman Sena activists.<ref name="HC_slams_gov">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/is-raj-untouchable-hc-asks-maha-govt/365808/|title=Is Raj 'untouchable'? HC asks Maha Govt|date=25 September 2008|work=The Indian Express|access-date=24 October 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028194831/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/is-raj-untouchable-hc-asks-maha-govt/365808/|archive-date=28 October 2008}}</ref> "Why no action has been taken against respondent number six (Raj Thackeray)? Are some people 'untouchable' for you?" Justice Patel asked as government failed to file a proper reply regarding the action taken.<ref name="HC_slams_gov" />

Congress leader [[Hussain Dalwai]] said, "It's a sad commentary on the administration which has come to a stage where it requires the high court intervention". He put the onus of his party's coalition partner, saying, "Whether it is MNS violence in the signboard or dalit killing at Khairlanji it shows an insensitive administration. The NCP president Sharad Pawar should seriously reflect on the working of the state home department."<ref name="Political_will" /> Even NCP leaders including Ajit Pawar and Chhagan Bhujbal have told RR Patil and Deshmukh, in the cabinet meet to "either act or shut up".<ref name="Political_will" /> Suggesting that the Maharashtra government was not keen on taking strong action against MNS chief Raj Thackeray, the NDA on Thursday described as "stage-managed show" the arrest and bail for him in cases of violence against north Indians in the state.<ref name="Event_management">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1200575|title='Congress is Raj's event management company'|date=24 October 2002|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|publisher=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|access-date=24 October 2002|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025045118/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1200575|archive-date=25 October 2008}}</ref> BJP MP [[Shahnawaz Hussain]] said, "Congress is Raj Thackeray's event management company and it is trying to project Raj's arrest as an event instead of making any serious effort to check the violent campaign of MNS against north Indians. There is match-fixing between Raj and the Maharashtra government. The state government deliberately books him under small sections and he gets bail." Talking on the attacks on North Indian candidates at the All-India Railway Recruitment examinations in Mumbai, Rajya Sabha MP and JD-U national general secretary [[Shivananda Tiwari]] also attacked Congress for "promoting" the MNS chief and comparing him with slain Punjab separatist leader Bhindarwale.<ref name="Event_management" /> "Congress party has a mastery in creating 'bhasmasurs' (self destructing demons). Earlier they created Bhindranwale in Punjab, which killed a Congress Prime Minister. Even this Raj Thackeray is ultimately going to damage Congress," Tiwari claimed. He also alleged that Maharashtra government arrested Raj to carry out a "formality" and as mild charges were pressed, he got bail soon.<ref name="Event_management" />

== Resumption of verbal attacks ==

=== Raj Thackeray ===

[[File:SHIVAJI PARK 3 MAY.jpg|thumb|MNS supporters attending the rally held on 3 May 2008 at [[Shivaji Park]], [[Mumbai]]]]

While still under the gag order, in an interview with the Marathi weekly magazine ''Lok Prabha'' of the [[Indian Express]] group, Raj was quoted as saying: "We will go with folded hands and ask them [North Indians] to leave. If they refuse, then we will raise our hands."<ref name="cul_hegemony" /> Lok Prabha editor Pravin Tokekar said: "The MNS chief has technically not made any inflammatory statement. Even when he says he and his party would go with folded hands to people asking them to leave and only raise hands if they refuse, he treads the ground gingerly without naming any community or party per se".<ref name="cul_hegemony" /> On 3 March, at a party function organised by the MNS at Shivaji Park, after the expiry of the gag order, Raj announced, "I have not given up my mission", thus signalling to his supporters of continuing his stance on the migrant issue.<ref name="DNA_more">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1157519|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Raj promises more of the same|date=25 March 2008|author=Kiran Tare|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603223346/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1157519|archive-date=3 June 2008}}</ref>

Then on 3 May, despite legal warnings by the police before his rally, Raj issued a diktat to his supporters to take action whenever they encountered "injustice". At a rally at Shivaji Park, he said, "That north Indians are living in Mumbai is because of our mercy. Let it be known". He told MNS leaders to shed their complacence and advised his supporters to "take action" whenever they felt necessary. He warned that North Indians who did not speak Marathi and did not respect Marathi culture would be driven away. Raj dared the police in his speech by saying, "Arrest me for this if you can".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Raj-targets-North-Indians-Big-B/articleshow/3008198.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074730/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-05-03/india/27746558_1_raj-thackeray-maharashtra-navnirman-sena-mns-leaders|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|title=Raj targets North Indians, Big B|date=3 May 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=9 May 2008}}
</ref> After analysing the speech amidst demand for action against the MNS chief a senior police official quoted it was "difficult to find an explicit threat or provocation" in the text of his speech to initiate strong legal action against him and "it seems he [Raj] consulted legal experts before making the speech".<ref name="url">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-05-05/india/27766533_1_anti-north-indian-campaign-mns-chief-raj-thackeray-police-commissioner-hasan-gafoor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074735/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-05-05/india/27766533_1_anti-north-indian-campaign-mns-chief-raj-thackeray-police-commissioner-hasan-gafoor |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 October 2012 |title= Hard to find threat in Raj's speech:Mumbai Police |access-date=9 May 2008 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=5 May 2008}}</ref>

=== Bal Thackeray ===

On 6 March, Bal Thackeray issued an editorial titled ''Ek Bihari, Sau Bimari''<ref>{{cite news|title=Now, it's Bal Thackeray's turn to rail against Biharis|author=Ganesh Kanate|author2=Shubhangi Khapre|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1154619|work=[[Daily News & Analysis]]|access-date=4 April 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416134310/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1154619| archive-date= 16 April 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> (One Bihari, Hundred illnesses)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bihartimes.com/newsbihar/2008/march/newsbihar05march6.html|work=Bihar Times|access-date=6 June 2008|title=Biharis are an affliction, says Bal Thackeray|date=5 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510232211/http://bihartimes.com/newsbihar/2008/march/newsbihar05march6.html |archive-date = 10 May 2008}}</ref> in ''Saamna'', Shiv Sena's political mouthpiece, saying Biharis were "an unwanted lot" in the country. In what was termed as an apparent bid to recapture his party's Marathi sons of soil plank, which was being hijacked by the MNS leader Raj, Thackeray wrote about Biharis,<ref name="TOI_unwanted">{{cite news|title=Biharis an unwanted lot: Bal Thackeray|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Biharis-an-unwanted-lot-Bal-Thackeray/articleshow/2839844.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024065416/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-05/india/27744531_1_biharis-anti-north-bal-thackeray|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 March 2008}}</ref>
<blockquote>
"They [Biharis] are not wanted in southern India, Assam and also Punjab and Chandigarh. The Biharis have antagonised local population wherever they had settled. The UP-Bihari MPs have shown their ingratitude towards Mumbai and Maharashtra with an anti-Marathi tirade in Parliament."<ref name="TOI_unwanted" />
</blockquote>
He also denounced Bihari MPs, saying they were "spitting in the same plate from which they ate" by criticising Mumbaikars and Maharashtrians. He also wrote, "They are trying to add fuel to the fire that has been extinguished, by saying that Mumbaikars have rotten brains".<ref name="IE_rattled" /> The outburst was apparently in response to MPs from Bihar who had disrupted the proceedings of the [[Lok Sabha]] in protest against the attacks on North Indians.<ref name="IE_rattled">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/281062.html|title=Rattled by Raj, Thackeray abuses Biharis news|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2 February 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308184815/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/281062.html|archive-date=8 March 2008}}</ref> Bihar chief minister, Nitish Kumar, upset with the remarks, demanded that the Prime Minister and the Centre intervene in the matter immediately. The ''Saamna'' editorial prompted at least 16 Lok Sabha MPs from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, belonging to the RJD, JD (U), SP and the Congress, to give notice for [[breach of privilege]] proceedings against Bal Thackeray.<ref name="IE_rattled" /> After the matter was raised in the Lok Sabha [[Speaker of Lok Sabha|Speaker]] [[Somnath Chatterjee]] said: "If anybody has made any comment on our members' functioning in the conduct of business in the House, not only do we treat that with the contempt that it deserves, but also any action that may be necessary will be taken according to procedure and well established norms. Nobody will be spared".<ref name="IE_rattled" />

On 27 March, in protest against [[Bal Thackeray]]'s editorial, leaders of Shiv Sena in [[Delhi]] resigned citing its "outrageous conduct" towards non-Marathis in Maharashtra and announced that they will form a separate party.<ref name="TOI_quit" /> Addressing a press conference Shiv Sena's North India chief [[Jai Bhagwan Goyal]] said the decision to leave the party was taken because of the "partial attitude" of the party high command towards Maharashtrians. "Shiv Sena is no different from Khalistan and Jammu and Kashmir militant groups which are trying to create a rift between people along regional lines. The main aim of these forces is to split our country. Like the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena, the Shiv Sena too has demeaned North Indians and treated them inhumanely", he said.<ref name="TOI_quit">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Shiv-Senas-north-Indian-leaders-quit/articleshow/2902796.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811045731/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-27/india/27771941_1_shiv-sena-jai-bhagwan-goyal-marathis |url-status=live |archive-date=11 August 2011 |access-date=4 April 2008|work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Shiv Sena's North Indian leaders quit|date=27 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/28/stories/2008032851310300.htm|access-date=4 April 2008|title=Delhi Shiv Sena chief resigns|date=28 March 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402101931/http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/28/stories/2008032851310300.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=2 April 2008}}</ref>

Evaluating the developments, political observers in Mumbai remarked that the Shiv Sena had been "caught in a bind" by Raj's campaign as it had in recent years sought to portray an inclusive image to try to woo the significant migrant vote in the Mumbai and Thane region in the run-up to the Assembly elections in 2009. To balance this strategy, the party had started speaking up for Maharashtrians to remind them that it was the Shiv Sena was the original voice of the local people.<ref name="IE_rattled" />

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Chronology-MNS-s-tirade-against-North-Indians/Article1-504339.aspx|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130208084746/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Chronology-MNS-s-tirade-against-North-Indians/Article1-504339.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 February 2013|title=Chronology: MNS's tirade against North Indians|date=2 February 2008|work=The Hindustan Times |access-date=24 July 2010}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Do-political-movements-need-to-obey-the-law-What-about-Advani-rath-yatra-Modis-Godhra-outrage/276266/ |title=Raj Thackerey's letter in response journalist Sudheendra Kulkarni's criticism |work=The Indian Express |access-date=30 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501004847/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Do-political-movements-need-to-obey-the-law-What-about-Advani-rath-yatra-Modis-Godhra-outrage/276266/ |archive-date=1 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/08mns.htm|title= Analysis: What drove Raj Thackeray's party to violence|author=Krishnakumar P|publisher=[[Rediff]]|access-date=30 April 2008}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080224/spectrum/main1.htm|title=Blot on Mumbai|work=The Tribune |location=India|access-date=30 April 2008|author=Shiv Kumar| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604051802/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080224/spectrum/main1.htm| archive-date= 4 June 2008 | url-status=live}}
* {{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7287007.stm|title=India's victims of anti-migrant anger|author= Amarnath Tewary|work=BBC News|date=10 March 2008|access-date=26 July 2008}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=&id=7737db7e-a9b5-4d88-802f-3afaff0985d4&&Headline=The+EMBhaiyya+%2fEMEffect|title=The Bhaiyya Effect|author=[[Vir Sanghvi]]|date=23 February 2008|work=The Hindustan Times |access-date=24 October 2008}}{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
* {{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Is_the_state_soft_on_Raj/rssarticleshow/3620893.cms|title=Is the state soft on Raj?|last=Marpakwar|first=Prafulla|date=21 October 2008|work=The Times of India |access-date=21 October 2008}}
* {{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/subverse/Supermanoos-Raj/articleshow/3634589.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074746/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-24/subverse/27908913_1_mns-marathi-manoos-raj-thackeray|url-status=live|archive-date=24 October 2012|title=Supermanoos Raj|author=[[Jug Suraiya]]|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=24 October 2002}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2008 Attacks on North Indians in Maharashtra}}
[[Category:2008 crimes in India|Attacks on North Indians in Maharashtra, 2008]]
[[Category:History of Mumbai (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Crime in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Anti-immigration politics in India|N]]
[[Category:Hate crimes in India]]
[[Category:Anti-Bihari sentiment]]
[[Category:Racism in India]]
[[Category:Discrimination in India]]
[[Category:Regionalism in India]]

1955–56 Ranji Trophy

2026-02-23T16:31:37Z

RoseKort2620073:

{{Short description|Indian cricket tournament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1955–56 Ranji Trophy
| image = Ranji_trophy.jpg
| imagesize = 350px
| caption = The Ranji Trophy
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| tournament format = [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]
| fromdate =
| todate =
| champions = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]]
| count = 8
| participants = 22
| matches =
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Polly Umrigar]] (Bombay) (595)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1955/56 / Records / Most runs |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1955-56/Batting_by_Runs.html|access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Premangsu Chatterjee]] (Bengal) (26)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1955/56 / Records / Most wickets |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1955-56/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
| website =
| previous_year = 1954–55
| previous_tournament = 1954–55 Ranji Trophy
| next_year = 1956–57
| next_tournament = 1956–57 Ranji Trophy
}}

The '''1955–56 Ranji Trophy''' was the 22nd season of the [[Ranji Trophy]]. [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]] won the title defeating [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] in the final.

==Zonal Matches==
=== North Zone ===
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 125px
| score-width = 80px

|17 Jan 1956 – Delhi|'''[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]'''|'''429 & 262/5d'''|[[Patiala cricket team|Patiala]]|143 & 125
|1 Dec 1955 – Delhi|'''[[Services cricket team|Services]]'''|'''424'''|[[Eastern Punjab cricket team|Eastern Punjab]]|158 & 174

|18 Feb 1956 – Delhi|'''[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]] (T)'''|412|[[Services cricket team|Services]]|385/7
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2}}

'''(T)''' – Advanced to next round by spin of coin.

=== South Zone ===
{{Round8|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 125px
| score-width = 80px

|||||
|||||
|||||
|31 Dec 1955 – Trivandrum|[[Travancore-Cochin cricket team|Travancore-Cochin]]|135 & 142|'''[[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]]'''|'''462/9d'''

|10 Dec 1955 – Bangalore|'''[[Mysore cricket team|Mysore]]'''|'''338 & 248/5d'''|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]|171 & 264/6
|13 Jan 1956 – Madras|'''[[Madras cricket team|Madras]]'''|'''507/9d'''|[[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]]|275 & 160/8

|4 Feb 1956 – Bangalore|[[Mysore cricket team|Mysore]]|249 & 186/6d|'''[[Madras cricket team|Madras]]'''|'''281 & 145/7'''

|skipmatch01=yes|skipmatch02=yes|skipmatch03=yes|skipmatch04=no
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2|RD3 = Round 3}}

=== West Zone ===
{{Round8|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 125px
| score-width = 80px

|||||
|||||
|||||
|11 Dec 1955 – Bombay|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''307/6'''|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]|306

|14 Jan 1956 – Rajkot|[[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]|240 & 192/7d|'''[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]'''|'''266 & 123/2'''
|4 Feb 1956 – Sholapur|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]|412|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''481/5d'''

|18 Feb 1956 – Ahmedabad|[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]|232 & 100/6|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''337'''

|skipmatch01=yes|skipmatch02=yes|skipmatch03=yes|skipmatch04=no
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2|RD3 = Round 3}}

===Central Zone===
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 125px
| score-width = 80px

|16 Dec 1955 – Indore|[[Madhya Bharat cricket team|Madhya Bharat]]|251|'''[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]'''|'''327 & 103/3'''
|15 Jan 1956 – Udaipur|[[Rajputana cricket team|Rajputana]]|337 & 267/7d|'''[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]'''|'''388 & 103/0'''

|4 Feb 1956 – Nagpur|'''[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]'''|'''215 & 152'''|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]|95 & 213
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2}}

===East Zone===
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 125px
| score-width = 80px

|13 Jan 1956 – Jamshedpur|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]|60 & 135|'''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''|'''157 & 39/1'''
|13 Jan 1956 – Gauhati|[[Assam cricket team|Assam]]|115 & 213/7|'''[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]]'''|'''333'''

|11 Feb 1956 – Calcutta|'''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''|'''373'''|[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]]|143 & 174
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2}}

==Inter-Zonal Knockout matches==
{{Round8|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 125px
| score-width = 90px

|||||
|||||
|||||
|3 Mar 1956 – Delhi|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]|273|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''274/4'''

|3 Mar 1956 – Calcutta|'''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''|'''289 & 23/0'''|[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]|155 & 155
|11 Mar 1956 – Madras|[[Madras cricket team|Madras]]|124 & 89|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''457'''

|30 Mar 1956 – Calcutta|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]|255 & 179|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''307 & 129/2'''

|skipmatch01=yes|skipmatch02=yes|skipmatch03=yes|skipmatch04=no
}}

===Final===
{{Test match
| date = 30 March – 2 April 1956
| team1 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] (H)
| team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]]
| score-team1-inns1 = '''255 (146.1 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Probir Sen]] 55, R. M. Chanda 55
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Manohar Hardikar]] 8/39
| score-team2-inns1 = '''308 (119.2 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Polly Umrigar]] 112
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Premangsu Chatterjee]] 7/101
| score-team1-inns2 = '''179 (85.5 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns2 = Basu Thakkar 68
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Baloo Gupte]] 5/80
| score-team2-inns2 = '''129/2 (42.3 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns2 = Yatin Rele 49*
| wickets-team2-inns2 = K. K. Biswas 1/9
| result = Bombay won by 8 wickets
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]
| umpires = [[George Ayling]] and Dinkar Desai
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/21/21913.html Scorecard]
| toss = Toss not known
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Scorecards and averages==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1955-56.html CricketArchive]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1955-56 Ranji Trophy}}
[[Category:1955 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1956 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1955–56]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

Ashoknagar district

2026-02-21T22:09:20Z

RoseKort2620073: adjusted lead further for accuracy

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ashoknagar district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|District]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Chanderi Fort,Chanderi M.P.,India.jpg
|photo1b = 0111821 Toteshvara Mahadeva mandir, Murayata group of temples, Kadwaha MP 150.jpg
|photo2a = 0111921 Kuti group of Hindu temples and Vaishnava monastery, Thubon Madhya Pradesh 044.jpg
|photo2b = Rakhetra Bhiyadant Hindu and Jain Caves, Aur river valley, Madhya Pradesh 014.jpg
|photo3a = Betwa in Ashoknagar.JPG
}}
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: [[Chanderi fort]], Toteshwara Mahadev Temple in Kadwaha, Rakhetra Bhiyadant Caves, [[Betwa River]] near Ashoknagar, Kuti Temples in Thubon, vindyvashni temple and many other temple in tumen,
| image_map = Ashoknagar in Madhya Pradesh (India).svg
| map_caption = Location of Ashoknagar district in Madhya Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|24|34|48|N|77|43|48|E|region:IN-MP_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}
| coor_pinpoint = Ashoknagar
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gwalior division]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Ashoknagar (Madhya Pradesh)|Ashoknagar]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 4673.94
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 845,071
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 67.90
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 900
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Guna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guna]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://ashoknagar.nic.in}}
}}
'''Ashoknagar district''' ({{IPA|hi|ə'ʃoːk nəgəɾ}}) is a [[List of Indian districts|district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in [[central India]]. The city of [[Ashoknagar (Madhya Pradesh)|Ashoknagar]] is the administrative headquarters of the district. Ashoknagar district was formed in 2003.

==Geography==
The district has an area of 4673.94 km2. It is bounded on the east by the [[Betwa River]], which separates it from [[Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh|Lalitpur District]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Sagar District]] of Madhya Pradesh. [[Vidisha District]] lies to the south. The [[Sindh River]] forms the western border of the district, which separates it from [[Guna District]]. [[Shivpuri District]] lies to the north.<ref name=ashoknagar>{{cite web|url = http://ashoknagar.nic.in/|title = Ashoknagar district |publisher = District administration |access-date = 2010-04-15 }}</ref>

The district has a population of 688,920 (2001 census). It is divided into eight [[tehsil]]s: [[Ashoknagar (Madhya Pradesh)|Ashoknagar]], [[Chanderi]], [[Isagarh]], [[Mungaoli]], [[Shadora]],
[[Naisarai]], [[Piprai]] and [[Bahadurpur, Ashoknagar|Bahadurpur]]. The district was created on August 15, 2003, when it was split from Guna District.<ref name=ashoknagar/> Ashoknagar also has a great historical importance. It is a part of ancient Ahirwada region, where Yaduvanshi ahirs used to rule. The details of the Block wise population and area is shown in the table below:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name of Block
! Area in Square KM
! Population
|-
| [[Chanderi]]
| 1035.50
| 130532
|-
| [[Ashoknagar tehsil|Ashoknagar]]
| 1237.48
| 227404
|-
| Mungaoli
| 1229.04
| 182497
|-
| Isagarh
| 1078.35
| 138160
|-
| Shadora
| --------
| --------
|-
| [[Piprai]]
| --------
| --------
|-
| Naisaray
| --------
| --------
|-
| Bahadurpur
| --------
| --------
|}

==History==
The region was ruled by the Scindia family as a part of Isagarh District of the Indian princely state of Gwalior. After the Ujjain victory on his return King Ashoka took a night halt at Pachhar and henceforth Pachhar was called Ashoknagar.

The territory of present Ashoknagar district was part of Chedi kingdom of Shishupal in Mahabharata period and Chedi Janapada in Janapada period. In medieval period was part of Chanderi State. In the 6th century B.C. Chanderi area (territory of Ashoknagar district) was under Avanti, Dasharna and Chedi Janapadas. It was part of Nanda, Maurya, Sunga and Magadh kingdoms. It is believed that the Great Emperor Asoka, while on his trip to conquer Ujjain, had spent one night in Ashoknagar, hence the area been named AshokNagar. After the Magadh, Sungas and Sakas of Naga dynasty ruled over it. Subsequently, after the Guptas and the Maukharias, it formed part of the empire of Harshvardhan. In 8th–9th century AD, it went to the Pratihara dynasty. The seventh descendant of the Pratihara dynasty, Raja Kirtipal founded Chanderi city in the 10th−11th century AD. and made it his capital. After the fall of the Pratihara dynasty, the Chandelas of Jejak bhukti also ruled here briefly. Chanderi kingdom was also affected by repeated invasions of Mahmud Ghaznavi in the 11th century AD. After establishment of Delhi Sultanate, Turks, Afghans and Mughalas ruled it. During the reign of Chanderi's Bundela ruler Morprahalad, Gwalior ruler Daulatrao Scindia sent his general John Baptiste to attack Chanderi. He captured Chanderi and also Isagarh and nearby areas. The last Bundela ruler of Chanderi Raja Mardan Singh made supreme sacrifice as a freedom fighter in 1857–58 AD.

The district was created on August 15, 2003, when it was split from Guna District. Shahdora a town 15 km from Ashoknagar had been given tehsil status in September 2008.

==Demographics==
{{historical populations
|11=1901 |12=1,50,821
|13=1911 |14=1,78,313
|15=1921 |16=1,73,070
|17=1931 |18=1,92,710
|19=1941 |20=2,15,970
|21=1951 |22=2,18,282
|23=1961 |24=2,77,795
|25=1971 |26=3,57,456
|27=1981 |28=4,44,551
|29=1991 |30=5,59,257
|31=2001 |32=6,88,940
|33=2011 |34=8,45,071
|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Madhya Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43356/download/47048/23%20A-2%20Madhya%20Pradesh.pdf |website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Ashoknagar district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion: Madhya Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11381/download/14494/DDW23C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|92.09}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|4.82}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|brown|1.79}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|0.95}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.35}}
}}

In [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]], Ashoknagar had population of 845,071.Hindus constitute 92% of the population, in which Yaduvanshi Ahirs are in majority.
The district has a population density of {{convert|181|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}. Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 22.66%.<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Ashoknagar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/676/download/2352/DH_2011_2342_PART_A_DCHB_ASHOKNAGAR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

Ashoknagar has a [[sex ratio]] of 904 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name="districtcensus" /> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 66.42%. 18.19% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 21.44% and 0.87% of the population respectively.<ref name="districtcensus" />

[[Hindi]] is the predominant language, spoken by 98.57% of the population.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10211/download/13323/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2300.XLSX |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Madhya Pradesh |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

Average literacy rate of Ashoknagar in 2011 were 67.90 compared to 62.26 of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 80.22 and 54.18 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 77.01 and 45.24 in Ashoknagar District. Total literate in Ashoknagar District were 480,957 of which male and female were 299,409 and 181,548 respectively. In 2001, Ashoknagar District had 344,760 in its total region. With regards to Sex Ratio in Ashoknagar, it stood at 900 per 1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 879. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate. Scheduled Castes and Tribes made up 20.80% and 9.71% of the population respectively.

== Tourism ==
In the south, about 35 km from Ashoknagar, is the ''''Karila Mata Mandir'''', which is known to be the birthplace of [[Luv Kush|Luv and Kush]], sons of [[Lord Rama]] and [[Sita|Sita Mata]]. A huge fair is organized every year on Rangpanchmi in which Rai Dance is performed by Bedni Women. '''[[Tumen, Madhya Pradesh|Tumen]]''' is also a historical lgrim centre situated at Triveni known for Mata [[Vindhyavasini]] temple. There are many more places of religious importance in the district of Ashoknagar.

Chanderi is a tehsil of Ashoknagar district and is a historical & tourist palace. The main occupation of the people of Chanderi is handicraft.
Chanderi sarees are known all over the world.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} These are made by cotton and silk by hand through ''Khatka''. Khatka is a self made machine for preparing sarees.
Another place in Ashoknagar district is Shri Anandpur, the world headquarters of ''Shri Advait Paramhansa Sect''. Disciples from across the globe visit Anandpur twice a year during [[Baisakhi]] and [[Guru Purnima]] to seek blessings from the gurus.
Kadwaya, a small village in the district is also known for the ancient [[Lord Shiva|Shiv]] Mandir, Garhi and Mata Mandir.

Chiniya cave near Nanon Village in Piprai Tehsil is a site of cave paintings by prehistoric man.
{{Further|Ratikhera}}

===Chanderi===
Chanderi fort is situated on a hill 71 meter above the town . The fortification walls were constructed mainly by the Muslim rulers of Chanderi. The main approach to present fort is through a series of three gates the uppermost of which is known as Hawa Paur and lowermost is called the Khuni Darwaja or the gate of blood.
The peculiar name is derived from the fact that criminals were executed at this point by hurling them from the battlements above and thus dashing their bodies into pieces at foot. Within the fort there are only two ruined buildings the Hawa and Nau-Khanda Mahals built by Bundela Chiefs.

[[Tumen, Madhya Pradesh|Tumen]]

===Chanderi Fort===
To the south west of the fort there is a gateway called katti-ghatti made through hill side. It is 59 meter long 12 meter broad and 24.6 meter high in the middle of its portion of the rock has been view into the shape of a gate, with a points arch, flanked by a slopping towers.

===Kaushak Mahal of Chanderi===
The Kaushak Mahal of Chanderi is referred to in Tawarikh-i-Ferishta. It is recorded in it that, in A.H. 849(CAD 1445). Mehmood Shah Khilji of Malwa was passing through Chanderi. He ordered a seven storied palace to be built there. Kaushak Mahal is outcome of that order. It is an imposing building – though standing in a half ruined condition. To the south, east and north of the town are the palaces of Ramnagar, Panchamnagar and Singhpur respectively. All are built by Bundela Chiefs of Chanderi in the 18th century.

===Isagarh===

Kadwaya a small village of Ashoknagar tehsil contains a number of temples. One of these temples has been constructed in the 10th century in [[Kachchhapaghata dynasty|Kachhapaghata]] style of architecture. It has its garbha-griha (sanctum), antaral and mandapa.
The temple contains short pilgrimis records of A.D. 1067 and 1105. Another old temple of Kadwaya is known as Chandal math. The village possesses a ruined monastery, from a very old record was picked up which it is stated that to monestor was built to house some members of Shaiva sect known as Matta Mourya. During Akbar's reign Kadwaya was the headquarters of a mahal in the Gwalior's sarkar of the subah of Agra.

===Thubonji Siddha Kshetra===

Here are a group of 26 temples. This sacred place Thuvonji came to knowledge during the period of the businessman Shri Padashah.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} It is said{{by whom|date=October 2018}} that Shri Padashah was dealing in Metal Tin and when he put his Metal Tin here it got converted into Silver. There are a group of 26 temples with many idols. Temple No. 15 is the main among them known as big temple here, with 28 feet high colossus of Lord Adinath in standing posture, installed in Vikram Samvat 1672. Atishay: It is said that sound of various musical instruments is heard in the night as the gods from heaven come here for prayers & worship. It is also said that after completion of this high colossus, so many devotees were unable to install this in standing posture, at that night Head of the function saw a dream and in the next morning he according dream worshiped the colossus and then he alone placed the high colossus standing. Temples: Lord parsvanath Jain Temple – There is a 15 feet high colossus of Lord Parsvanath (23rd Teerthankar) installed in V.S. 1864 with a serpent hood over the head; this hood is made by different serpents and may be seen in both the sides of colossus. Lord Shantinath Jain temple: 18 feet high standing posture of Lord Shantinath (16th Teerthankar). Ajitnath Jain Temple (2nd Teerthankar). Adinath Jain: Temple is also vast with 16 feet high colossus of Lord Adinath. This was installed by Shri Savasingh of Chanderi in V.S. 1873. He also completed the Choubeesee Mandir of Chanderi Chandraprabhu Jain Temple is new modern temple with principal deity Lord Chandraprabhu (8th Teerthankar), 1.5 feet in height in sitting posture (Padmasana). Museum: Some ancient idols are kept there, in them a standing 12 feet high idol.

==Employment==
The occupation of the people there is mostly agricultural. Many people are engaged in grain merchandise. Business in the field of [[textiles]] and provisions is also quite active over there. In recent times, Commodity Exchange Market has also grown along with [[logistics]] business.

District Renewable Energy Shop In collaboration with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India and Madhya Pradesh Energy Development Corporation, a renewable energy shop has been opened for the smooth operation and quick maintenance of solar plants and installed plants in the district.

==Institutions==
Ashoknagar has many English and Hindi medium schools:

* Tara Sadan Higher Secondary School
* Vardhman Higher Secondary School
* Shri Vivekananda Shishu Mandir High School, Kolua road
* Saraswati Vidya Mandir Higher Secondary School
* Shivpuri Public Higher Secondary School
* Sanskruti Kids School
* Sanskar Academy
* Muskan Public School
* Hardy Convent High School
* Dream India School
* Bright Model High Secondary School
* Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya.
* Blue Chip Public School
* Hights Public School
* Bal Bhawan School

===Colleges===

* Govt. Polytechnic College, Vidisha Road, Ashoknagar
* Govt. Nehru Degree College, Guna Road, Ashoknagar

==Geography==

Ashoknagar is situated at the average elevation of 507 metres(1640 ft) above sea level. It is in the plateau region. It has an agricultural topography. The plateau is an extension of the Deccan Traps, formed between 60 and 68 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous period. In this region, the main classes of soil are black, brown and bhatori (stony) soil. The volcanic, clay-like soil of the region owes its black colour to the high iron content of the basalt from which it is formed. The soil requires less irrigation because of its high capacity for moisture retention. The other two soil types are lighter and have a higher proportion of sand. The year is popularly divided into three seasons: summer, the rains, and winter. Summer extends over the months of Chaitra to Jyestha (mid-March to mid-May). The average daily temperature during the summer months is 35 °C, which typically rises to around 46 °C on a few days. The rainy season starts with the first showers of Aashaadha (mid-June) and extends to the middle of Ashvin (September). Most of the rain falls during the southwest monsoon spell, and ranges from about 100 cm in the west to about 165 cm in the east. Ashoknagar and surrounding areas receive an average of 140 cm of rainfall a year. The growing period lasts from 90 to 150 days, during which the average daily temperature is below 30 °C, but seldom falls below 20 °C. Winter is the longest of the three seasons, extending for about five months (mid-Ashvin to Phalgun, i.e., October to mid-March). The average daily temperature ranges from 15 °C to 20 °C, though on some nights it can fall as low as 5 °C. Some cultivators believe that an occasional winter shower during the months of Pausha and Maagha—known as Mawta—is helpful to the early summer wheat and germ crops.

===Climate===
The climate of Ashoknagar is [[sub-tropical]]. In summers, the temperature reaches 47 °C, while dropping to 4 °C in the winter. Rainfall is adequate and sometimes less.
==Tourist places==
*Chanderi
*Anandpur
*Shri Chaubisi Jain Temple

==Transportation facility==
Ashoknagar has good transport facilities. It is connected to main cities of the state as well as the cities around India by Railways and Roadways. It is situated on the [[Guna-Bina railway section]] of Western Central Railway.
Ashoknagar is situated on the State Highway. It is Well connected with its surrounding district namely Guna, Vidisha and Shivpuri The length of state highways in the District is about 82.20 km.
Ashoknagar is situated on the Western-Central Railway 's broad gauge line of the Kota-Bina Section. Another rail link, viz., The total rail length in the district is about 141 km and the route kilometrage per 100 square KM is 1.27. Trains are available for Kota, Bina, Ujjain, Indore, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Ahamdabad, Bhopal, Sagar, Damoh, Jabalpur, Durg, Varanasi, Gorakhpur, Delhi, Deharadoon, Darbhanga and Gwalior.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|Ashoknagar district}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Ashoknagar district
|North = [[Shivpuri district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh|Lalitpur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|Southeast = [[Sagar district]]
|South = [[Vidisha district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Guna district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Districts of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Gwalior Division}}

[[Category:Ashoknagar district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Usha Kulshreshtha

2026-02-21T07:58:43Z

RoseKort2620073: new!

{{short description|Indian theoretical physicist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name =Usha Kulshreshtha
|image = Usha_Kulshreshtha_at_Oldenburg_1.jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Usha Kulshreshtha at the University of Oldenburg in June 2017
|birth_date ={{birth date and age|df=yes|1964|07|01}}
|birth_place = [[Gwalior]], [[India]] [[File:Flag of India.svg|20px]]
|field =[[Theoretical Physics]]
|alma_mater =[[University of Kaiserslautern]] [[Jiwaji University]]
|doctoral_advisor = [[Harald J. W. Mueller-Kirsten]] (Germany)
|known_for =[[Quantum field theory]], [[Light-front quantization]], [[General relativity]], [[Boson stars]] }}
'''Usha Kulshreshtha''' (born July, 1964) is an Indian theoretical physicist, specializing in the Dirac's instant-form and [[light-front quantization]] of [[quantum field theory]] models, [[string theory]] models and [[D-brane]] actions using the [[Hamiltonian path|Hamiltonian]], path integral and [[BRST quantization]] methods, constrained dynamics, construction of gauge theories and their quantization under gauge-fixing as well as study of [[boson stars]], and [[wormhole]]s in [[general relativity]] and gravity theory.

==Education and career==
Kulshreshtha obtained her B.Sc. (1983) and M.Sc. (1985) degrees from [[Jiwaji University]], Gwalior. She received her Ph.D. (Dr. rer. nat.) in 1993 from the [[University of Kaiserslautern]], Germany, under the supervision of [[Harald J. W. Mueller-Kirsten]]. She held a five-year position at the department of physics and astrophysics, [[University of Delhi]] as a research associate, of CSIR, followed by a two years position as the senior research associate of CSIR at the same institute. Following an appointment on a permanent position as a lecturer in physics at [[Kirori Mal College]], [[University of Delhi]], in March 2006, Kulshreshtha got promoted at the same institute first as a senior lecturer in physics with effect from March 2006 and then as a reader in physics with effect from February 2007 and then as an associate professor of physics with effect from February 2010 and eventually as a full professor of physics with effect from July 2019 at the same institute where she continues to hold this permanent position till date.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kmcollege.ac.in/122/faculty-detail.html|title=:: Welcome : Kirori Mal College, University Of Delhi Powered By : Redox Systems|website=www.kmcollege.ac.in|access-date=2020-04-02|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121204350/http://www.kmcollege.ac.in/122/faculty-detail.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2011 she was several times visiting faculty in the Theory Group of Nuclear Physics at [[Iowa State University]] and in the Field Theory Group of the Carl von Ossietzky [[University of Oldenburg]].{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

==Research==
Kulshreshtha's research focuses on the Dirac's instant-form and [[light-front quantization]] of [[quantum field theory]] models, [[string theory]] models and [[D-brane]] actions using the Hamiltonian, path integral and [[BRST quantization]] procedures, constrained dynamics and construction and quantization of gauge theories as well as the study of [[boson stars]]<ref name="inspirehep.net">{{Cite web|url=http://inspirehep.net/search?p=find+a+usha+kulshreshtha|title = Inspire}}</ref>
and [[wormhole]]s in [[general relativity]] and gravity theory.
<ref name="inspirehep.net"/>
She was awarded the Gerry McCartor Award for the year 2010 by the International Light Cone Advisory Committee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilcacinc.org/|title=ILCAC - The International Light Cone Advisory Committee|website=www.ilcacinc.org|access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref> She helped organize the 2012 International Conference on Light-Cone Physics<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/nuclear-physics-b-proceedings-supplements/vol/251/suppl/C|title=ScienceDirect|website=www.sciencedirect.com}}</ref> at the [[University of Delhi]].<ref>[https://sites.google.com/site/lcconference2012delhi/ 2012 International Conference on Light-Cone Physics]</ref> She also studies the [[boson stars]]<ref name="inspirehep.net"/>
and [[wormhole]]s in [[general relativity]] and gravity theory,<ref name="inspirehep.net"/> work which was profiled by the [[American Physical Society]]'s ''PhysicsCentral'' site.,<ref>[http://physicsbuzz.physicscentral.com/2016/05/new-study-shows-rich-physics-in-models.html Physics Buzz Blog: New Study Shows Rich Physics in Models of Hypothetical Boson Stars]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://physicsbuzz.physicscentral.com/2018/05/research-revisited-knotted-hearts-boson.html|title=Research Revisited: Knotted Hearts, Boson Stars, and Magnetic Particles}}</ref>

Kulshreshtha has written over 70 scientific articles, which have received a large number of citations.<ref name="inspirehep.net"/>

==Notable collaborators==
[[Harald J. W. Mueller-Kirsten]], [[Jutta Kunz]], [[James P. Vary]], [[Daya Shankar Kulshreshtha]], Sanjeev Kumar

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://sites.google.com/site/ushakulsh/ Homepage]
* [http://inspirehep.net/search?p=find+a+usha+kulshreshtha Publication Profile] on [[INSPIRE-HEP]]
* [http://www.kmcollege.ac.in/122/faculty-detail.html Kirori Mal College DU Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121204350/http://www.kmcollege.ac.in/122/faculty-detail.html |date=21 January 2020 }}
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=ZnYUszMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&authuser=3 Google Scholar Profile]
*{{google scholar id|ZnYUszMAAAAJ}}
*[https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/82063928_Usha_Kulshreshtha Research Gate Profile]
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/nuclear-physics-b-proceedings-supplements/vol/251/suppl/C LC-2012 Conference Proceedings Guest editors]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulshreshtha, Usha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Indian theoretical physicists]]
[[Category:Technical University of Kaiserslautern alumni]]
[[Category:Jiwaji University alumni]]
[[Category:Scientists from Delhi]]
[[Category:Women scientists from Delhi]]
[[Category:Scientists from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women scientists from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century women physicists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women physicists]]

Tejaswini Ganti

2026-02-12T03:13:22Z

RoseKort2620073: post!

{{short description|Indian author and scholar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tejaswini Ganti
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[University of Pennsylvania]]|[[Northwestern University]]|[[New York University]]}}
| occupation = Author, scholar
| years_active = 1996–present
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse =
| children =
}}
'''Tejaswini Ganti''' is an Indian anthropological and film scholar and associate professor at the [[New York University]], specializing in South Asian culture. She is an alumna from the [[University of Pennsylvania]], the [[Northwestern University]], and the New York University.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nyu.academia.edu/TejaswiniGanti/CurriculumVitae |title=Curriculum Vitae: Tejaswini Ganti |website=[[Academia.edu]] |access-date=25 April 2021 }}</ref>

== Biography ==
Ganti has worked as an associate professor for the [[New York University]] since 2012 and is an alumna of it along with the [[University of Pennsylvania]] and [[Northwestern University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mbacrystalball.com/blog/2012/03/16/indian-film-industry-bollywood-perspectives-and-outlook/ |title=Indian film industry (Bollywood) – Perspectives and outlook |date=16 March 2012 |website=MBA Crystal Contents |last=Kamat |first=Sameer |access-date=25 April 2021 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116115912/https://www.mbacrystalball.com/blog/2012/03/16/indian-film-industry-bollywood-perspectives-and-outlook/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Rediff.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-interview-with-tejaswini-ganti/20120410.htm |title='Hindi cinema has gained a certain cultural legitimacy' |date=10 April 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |last=Pais |first=Arthur J. |access-date=25 April 2021 |archive-date=14 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314183116/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-interview-with-tejaswini-ganti/20120410.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1995, she produced a [[Bhangra (dance)|bhangra]]-related documentary, titled ''Gimme Somethin' to Dance to!''. The next year, she lived in [[Mumbai]] for a year and later moved to the United States.<ref name="Rediff.com" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2012/04/movie-lovers-we-love-bollywood-anthropologist-tejaswini-ganti-explains-why-theres-no-indie-industry-in-india-48301/ |title=Movie Lovers We Love: Bollywood Anthropologist Tejaswini Ganti Explains Why There's No Indie Industry in India |last=Renninger |first=Bryce J. |date=6 April 2012 |website=[[IndieWire]] |access-date=25 April 2021 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122100319/https://www.indiewire.com/2012/04/movie-lovers-we-love-bollywood-anthropologist-tejaswini-ganti-explains-why-theres-no-indie-industry-in-india-48301/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Ganti has written two books: ''Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema'' (2004), and ''Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry'' (2012). The latter is about Bollywood industry from 1994 to 2010 and was published on 7 March 2012 by the [[Duke University Press]], receiving positive critical reviews. Ritesh Mehta from the ''[[International Journal of Communication]]'' praised her for "[crafting] an ode to an India in deep transition, via the multifaceted lenses of a glamorized and iconic subsection of its Hindi-language filmmakers and actors... [A] landmark study." The anthropologist and professor [[Arjun Appadurai]] of the New York University called it "the first book on Bollywood to combine a deep knowledge of the dynamics of script, song, stars, and style in this cinematic world with an equally keen sense of the unique nature of the politics, finance, and cultural prejudices of the film industry".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Producing-Bollywood-Inside-Contemporary-Industry/dp/0822352133 |title=Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry (Inglés) Tapa blanda – 7 Marzo 2012 |date=7 March 2012 |website=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] |language=en |trans-title=Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry (English) Paperback – 7 March 2012 |last=Ganti |first=Tejaswini |access-date=25 April 2021 |archive-date=14 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414044442/http://www.amazon.com/Producing-Bollywood-Inside-Contemporary-Industry/dp/0822352133 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |last=Ganti |first=Tejaswini |date=26 August 2004 |title=Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-04-15288-54-5 }}
* {{cite book |last=Ganti |first=Tejaswini |date=7 March 2012 |title=Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |isbn=978-08-22352-13-6 }}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ganti, Tejaswini}}
[[Category:Indian scholars]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

List of Bangladesh–India transboundary rivers

2026-02-11T17:53:39Z

RoseKort2620073: Created!

{{Short description|none}}

A [[transboundary river]] is a type of river that crosses the political borders of at least one or more countries. There are currently about 260 transboundary rivers in the world.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Trans-boundary Rivers |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Trans-boundary_Rivers#:~:text=A%20total%20of%2058%20major,raise%20riverbeds%20to%20cause%20floods. |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Banglapedia}}</ref> The number of transboundary rivers in [[Bangladesh]] is about 57.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=27 February 2022 |title=Informations of Transboundary Rivers:Bangladesh-India and Bangladesh-Myanmar |url=https://jrcb.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/jrcb.portal.gov.bd/page/c95e564a_29a2_4e64_abe9_2e34eb1485d7/2022-02-27-06-50-a6b81aa3c285b510a7a99c9d8ad0d05a.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901111200/https://jrcb.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/jrcb.portal.gov.bd/page/c95e564a_29a2_4e64_abe9_2e34eb1485d7/2022-02-27-06-50-a6b81aa3c285b510a7a99c9d8ad0d05a.pdf |archive-date=1 September 2024 |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=Joint Rivers Commission, Bangladesh |language=bn }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Nishat |first=Bushra |title=Rivers Beyond Borders: India Bangladesh Trans-boundary River Atlas |publisher=Drik Publocations |year=2013 |oclc=910621563 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-01 |title=Bangladesh Water Development Board |url=https://pani.bwdb.gov.bd/page/361 |access-date=2024-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901103754/https://pani.bwdb.gov.bd/page/361 |archive-date=2024-09-01}}</ref>

== Bangladesh-India transboundary rivers ==
The number of [[transboundary river|transboundary]] or joint rivers between [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]] is officially '''54.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />''' But a 2023 study by Riverine People, a voluntary organization on rivers, wetlands and water resources, found 69 more unrecognized joint or [[Transboundary river|transboundary]] rivers.<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=bn:আন্তঃসীমান্ত ৬৯ নদীর স্বীকৃতি মেলেনি |url=https://samakal.com/bangladesh/article/197772/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%83%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AF-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF |access-date=2024-09-03 |work=Samakal |date=23 September 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>

Out of 54 officially recognised rivers, six rivers: [[Betna River|Betna-Kodalia]], [[Atrai River|Atrai]], [[Punarbhaba River|Punarbhaba]], [[Tetulia river|Tetulia]], [[Tangon River|Tangon]], [[Kulik River|Kulik or Kokil]] rivers Enters India from Bangladesh and amongst them three river: [[Betna River|Betna - Kodalia]], [[Atrai River|Atrai]], [[Punarbhaba River|Punarbhaba]] rivers Enters India from Bangladesh and then again re-enters Bangladesh. Remaining 48 or 47 ''( origin of [[Feni River]] is disputed)'' rivers Enters Bangladesh from India and amongst them two rivers [[Nagar River (Rangpur)|Nagar]] and [[Dahuk River|Dahuk]] river cross from India to Bangladesh and re-enters India and only [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] river flows from India to Bangladesh and then goes through India and then again re-enters Bangladesh.<ref name=":0" />

== Joint River Commission ==
{{Main|Joint River Commission}}
The Joint River Commission was a bilateral working group established by India and Bangladesh in the [[Indo-Bangla Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace]] that was signed on 19 March 1972, and came into being in November 1972. As per the treaty, the two nations established the commission to work for the common interests and sharing of water resources, irrigation, floods, and cyclones control. The studies and reports of the commission contributed directly to the efforts of both nations to resolve the dispute over the [[Sharing of Ganges Waters]], facilitating bilateral agreements in 1975, 1978, and finally in 1996.<ref name="ganges">{{cite book |last=Haq |first=Enamul |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |edition=Second |chapter=Ganges Water Sharing |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ganges_Water_Sharing}}</ref>

== List of Bangladesh-India transboundary rivers ==
'''Legend'''

{{legend|#006a4e| {{Flag|Bangladesh|name=⠀}}Originating in Bangladesh / {{Flag|India|name=→}} {{Flag|Bangladesh|name=⠀}}Enters Bangladesh from India / {{Flag|Bangladesh|name=⠀}}[[River mouth]] in Bangladesh|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend|#FF671F| {{Flag|India|name=⠀}}Originating in India / {{Flag|Bangladesh|name=→}} {{Flag|India|name=⠀}}Enters India from Bangladesh / {{Flag|India|name=⠀}}[[River mouth]] in India|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{legend|#EE1C25| {{Flag|China|name=⠀}}Originating in China|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{sticky header}}
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+List of Bangladesh–India transboundary rivers
!River name
<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" />
!Origin
<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
![[River Basin|Basin]]
<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2019 |title=Transboundary Rivers of Bangladesh |url=http://www.jrcb.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/jrcb.portal.gov.bd/files/37a1f16a_51ea_496f_96ce_f369b2f577bc/Rivers%20of%20Bangladesh_A1_JRC.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625173001/http://www.jrcb.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/jrcb.portal.gov.bd/files/37a1f16a_51ea_496f_96ce_f369b2f577bc/Rivers%20of%20Bangladesh_A1_JRC.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2023 |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=Joint Rivers Commission, Bangladesh |language=en}}</ref>
!Bangladesh/India Entry Point
<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
![[River mouth]]
<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
!Length in '''India''' (km)
<ref name=":0" />
!Length in Bangladesh (km)
<ref name=":0" />
!Total Length
(km)

<ref name=":0" />
!Length along border
(km)<ref name=":0" />
!Average width
(m)<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Raimangal River|Raimangal]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Ichamati River]] in [[Hasnabad]], [[North 24 Parganas district]], West Bengal, India
|[[Ganges Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Shyamnagar Upazila]] of [[Satkhira District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Bay of Bengal]]
| style="text-align:right;" |15
| style="text-align:right;" |62
| style="text-align:right;" |77
| style="text-align:right;" |44{{Efn|Of the 54 inter-border rivers flowing between Bangladesh and India, about 140 km of the [[Ichamati River|Ichamati-Kalindi]]-[[Raimangal River|Raimangal]] River, about 30 km of the [[Kushiyara River]], about 2 km of the [[Muhuri River]] and about 10 km of the Satkhira Sonai River (which is not identified as a transboundary river between the two countries) have not been permanently demarcated, and in other transboundary rivers the international boundary has already been permanently demarcated, even if it is along the midstream of the river or along the banks of any country. is said to have been done.<ref name=":0" />|name=Demarcation}}
| style="text-align:right;" |2265
|-
|[[Ichamati River|Ichamati]] (Ichhamati) - [[Kalindi River|Kalindi]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Mathabhanga River]] near Majhdia in [[Nadia District]] of [[West Bengal]], India
|[[Ganges Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Maheshpur Upazila]] of [[Jhenaidah District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Raimangal River]], [[Satkhira District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |345
| style="text-align:right;" |145{{Efn|name=Demarcation}}
| style="text-align:right;" |370
|-
|[[Betna River|Betna - Kodalia]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Bhairab River]] in [[Jhenaidah District]] of Bangladesh
|[[Ganges Basin]]
|style="padding: 0; border-left:0;" |<div style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F; padding:0; margin:0">Enters India through [[Bagdah, North 24 Parganas|Bagdah]], [[North 24 Parganas district]] of [[West Bengal]], India</div><hr style="margin:0"><div style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e; padding:0; margin:0">Entering Bangladesh through [[Sharsha Upazila]] of [[Jessore District]], Bangladesh</div>
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Kholpetua River]], [[Satkhira District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |19
| style="text-align:right;" |191
| style="text-align:right;" |210
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right;" |55
|-
|[[Bhairab River|Bhairab]] - [[Kapotaksha River|Kapotaksha]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Mathabhanga River]] in West Bengal, India
|[[Ganges Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |Kathuli of [[Meherpur Sadar Upazila|Sadar Upazila]] of [[Meherpur District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Sibsa River]], [[Khulna District|Khulna]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |2
| style="text-align:right;" |293
| style="text-align:right;" |295
| style="text-align:right;" |8
| style="text-align:right;" |45
|-
|[[Mathabhanga River|Mathabhanga]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Ganges|River Ganges]] near [[Jalangi]] in [[Murshidabad District]] of [[West Bengal]], India
|[[Ganges Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Daulatpur Upazila, Kushtia|Daulatpur Upazila]] of [[Kushtia District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Ichamati River]], [[Hawli Union]] of [[Damurhuda Upazila]] of [[Chuadanga District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |40
| style="text-align:right;" |144
| style="text-align:right;" |184
| style="text-align:right;" |21
| style="text-align:right;" |29
|-
|[[Ganges]] / [[Padma River|Padma]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Gangotri Glacier]] in the [[Himalayas]] in [[Uttarkashi District]], Uttarakhand, India
|[[Ganges Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Durlabpur Union]] of [[Shibganj Upazila, Chapai Nawabganj|Shibganj Upazila]] of [[Chapainawabganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Brahmaputra River]], [[Goalanda Upazila]], [[Chandpur District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |2295
| style="text-align:right;" |230
| style="text-align:right;" |2525
| style="text-align:right;" |83
| style="text-align:right;" |5000
|-
|[[Pagla river|Pagla]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Ganges|River Ganges]] in the southwest of [[Maldah District]] of [[West Bengal]], India
|[[Ganges Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Shibganj Upazila, Chapai Nawabganj|Shibganj Upazila]] of [[Chapainawabganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Mahananda River]], [[Sundarpur Union, Chapai Nawabganj Sadar|Sundarpur Union]] of [[Chapainawabganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |47
| style="text-align:right;" |36
| style="text-align:right;" |83
| style="text-align:right;" |4
| style="text-align:right;" |170
|-
|[[Atrai River|Atrai]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Karatoya River]] in [[Khansama Upazila]] of [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh]]
|[[Brahmaputra Basin]]
|style="padding: 0;" |<div style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F; padding:0; margin:0">Entering India through [[Khansama Upazila]] of [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh]]</div><hr style="margin:0"><div style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e; padding:0; margin:0">Enters Bangladesh through [[Dhamoirhat Upazila]] of [[Naogaon District]], Bangladesh</div>
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Hurasagar River]], [[Baghabari Ghat|Baghabari]], [[Sirajganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |48
| style="text-align:right;" |218
| style="text-align:right;" |266
| style="text-align:right;" |8
| style="text-align:right;" |177
|-
|[[Punarbhaba River|Punarbhaba]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |Wetlands of [[Baliadangi Upazila]], [[Thakurgaon District]], Bangladesh
|[[Ganges Basin]]
|style="padding: 0;" |<div style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F; padding:0; margin:0">Entering India through [[Biral Upazila]] of [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh]]</div><hr style="margin:0"><div style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e; padding:0; margin:0">Entering Bangladesh through [[Sapahar Upazila]] of [[Naogaon District]], Bangladesh</div>
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Mahananda River]], [[Chapainawabganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |67
| style="text-align:right;" |150
| style="text-align:right;" |217
| style="text-align:right;" |14
| style="text-align:right;" |102
|-
|[[Tentulia River|Tetulia]] (Tetulia)
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |Wetlands of [[Bochaganj Upazila|Bochaganj]] - [[Atgaon Union|Atgaon]], [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh]], Bangladesh
|[[Ganges Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Entering India through [[Biral Upazila]] of [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Tangon River]], [[Uttar Dinajpur district|North Dinajpur District]] of [[West Bengal]], India
| style="text-align:right;" |20
| style="text-align:right;" |45
| style="text-align:right;" |65
| style="text-align:right;" |2
| style="text-align:right;" |30
|-
|[[Tangon River|Tangon]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |Wetlands of [[Magura Union, Panchagarh|Magura Union]], [[Panchagarh District]], Bangladesh
|[[Ganges Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Entering India through [[Pirganj Upazila, Thakurgaon|Pirganj Upazila]] of [[Thakurgaon District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Mahananda River]], southeast of Hilsa Bazar in [[Maldah District]], West Bengal, India
| style="text-align:right;" |130
| style="text-align:right;" |123
| style="text-align:right;" |253
| style="text-align:right;" |0.3
| style="text-align:right;" |120
|-
|[[Kulik River|Kulik]] (Kokil)
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |Lower area of [[Raipur Union, Thakurgaon|Raipur]] in [[Baliadangi Upazila]] of [[Thakurgaon District]], Bangladesh
|[[Ganges Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Enters India through [[Haripur Upazila]] or [[Bhaturia Union]] of [[Thakurgaon District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Nagar River (Rangpur)|Nagar River]], [[Maldah District]] of [[West Bengal]], India
| style="text-align:right;" |66
| style="text-align:right;" |62
| style="text-align:right;" |128
| style="text-align:right;" |7
| style="text-align:right;" |60
|-
|[[Nagar River (Rangpur)|Nagar]] (Nagar Upper)
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Hilly area of [[Uttar Dinajpur district|North Dinajpur District]] of [[West Bengal]], India
|[[Ganges Basin]]
| style="padding: 0; border-left:0;" |<div style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e; padding:0; margin:0">Entering Bangladesh through [[Atwari Upazila]] of [[Panchagarh District]] of Bangladesh</div><hr style="margin:0"><div style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F; padding:0; margin:0">Entering India through [[Haripur Upazila]] of [[Thakurgaon District]], Bangladesh</div>
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Mahananda River]], [[Maldah District]], West Bengal, India
| style="text-align:right;" |55
| style="text-align:right;" |130
| style="text-align:right;" |185
| style="text-align:right;" |92
| style="text-align:right;" |110
|-
|[[Mahananda River|Mahananda]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Darjeeling district]] of the Indian state of [[West Bengal]] in the [[Himalayas]]
|[[Ganges Basin]]
| style="padding: 0; border-left:0;" |<div style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e; padding:0; margin:0">Entering Bangladesh through [[Tetulia Upazila]] of [[Panchagarh District]] of Bangladesh</div><hr style="margin:0"><div style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F; padding:0; margin:0">Enters India through [[Uttar Dinajpur district|North Dinajpur District]] of [[West Bengal]], India</div><hr style="margin:0"><div style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e; padding:0; margin:0">Entering Bangladesh in [[Bholahat Upazila]] of [[Chapainawabganj District]], Bangladesh</div>
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Ganges River]], [[Godagari Upazila|Godagari Ghat]], [[Rajshahi District]] Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |324
| style="text-align:right;" |36
| style="text-align:right;" |360
| style="text-align:right;" |20
| style="text-align:right;" |460
|-
|[[Dahuk River|Dahuk]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Wetlands south-west of Jugivhita in [[Jalpaiguri District]], West Bengal, India
|[[Ganges Basin]]
| style="padding: 0; border-left:0;" |<div style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e; padding:0; margin:0">[[Tetulia Upazila]] of [[Panchagarh District]] of Bangladesh</div><hr style="margin:0"><div style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F; padding:0; margin:0">Enters India through [[Uttar Dinajpur district|North Dinajpur District]] of [[West Bengal]], India</div>
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Mahananda River]], [[Kishanganj District]], Bihar, India
| style="text-align:right;" |103
| style="text-align:right;" |12
| style="text-align:right;" |115
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |80
|-
|[[Karatoya River|Karatoya]] (Korotoa)
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Baikunthapur in the northwest of [[Jalpaiguri District]] in West Bengal, India
|[[Brahmaputra Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Bhajanpur Union]] of [[Tetulia Upazila]] of [[Panchagarh District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Atrai River]], [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh]]
| style="text-align:right;" |75
| style="text-align:right;" |165
| style="text-align:right;" |241
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right;" |135
|-
|[[Talma River|Talma]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Baikunthapur in the northwest of [[Jalpaiguri District]] in West Bengal, India
|[[Brahmaputra Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Panchagarh Sadar Upazila|Sadar Upazila]] of [[Panchagarh District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Karatoya River]], [[Panchagarh District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |43
| style="text-align:right;" |28
| style="text-align:right;" |71
| style="text-align:right;" |3
| style="text-align:right;" |60
|-
|[[Ghoramara River|Ghoramara]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Hilly area of [[Jalpaiguri district]] of [[West Bengal]], India
|[[Brahmaputra Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Chaklahat Union]] of [[Panchagarh Sadar Upazila|Sadar Upazila]] of [[Panchagarh District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Karatoya River]], [[Panchagarh District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |43
| style="text-align:right;" |23
| style="text-align:right;" |66
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |65
|-
|[[Jamuneshwari River|Deonai / Choralkata / Jamuneshwari]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Lower reaches of [[Jalpaiguri District]] of [[West Bengal]], India
|[[Brahmaputra Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Domar Upazila]] of [[Nilphamari District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Bangali River]], [[Bogra District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |2
| style="text-align:right;" |365
| style="text-align:right;" |367
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |50
|-
|[[Buri Teesta River|Buri Teesta]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Lower reaches of [[Jalpaiguri District]] of [[West Bengal]], India
|[[Brahmaputra Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Dimla Upazila]] of [[Nilphamari District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Teesta River]], [[Jaldhaka Upazila]] of [[Nilphamari District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |9
| style="text-align:right;" |67
| style="text-align:right;" |76
| style="text-align:right;" |3
| style="text-align:right;" |69
|-
|[[Teesta River|Teesta]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |At [[Tso Lhamo Lake]], [[Zemu Glacier]], Sikkim, [[Himalayas]] India
|[[Brahmaputra Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Dimla Upazila]] of [[Nilphamari District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Brahmaputra River]], [[Phulchhari Upazila]] of [[Rangpur District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |249
| style="text-align:right;" |117
| style="text-align:right;" |366
| style="text-align:right;" |3
| style="text-align:right;" |3000
|-
|[[Dharla River|Dharla]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |From [[South Sikkim]], India
|[[Brahmaputra Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Patgram Upazila]] of [[Lalmonirhat District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Brahmaputra River]], [[Ulipur Upazila]] of [[Kurigram District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |173
| style="text-align:right;" |57
| style="text-align:right;" |250 (Bhutan 20)
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right;" |1200
|-
|[[Dudhkumar River|Dudhkumar]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #EE1C25;" |From the [[Chumbi Valley]] of [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]], China
|[[Brahmaputra Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Bhurungamari Upazila]] of [[Kurigram District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Brahmaputra River]], [[Nageshwari Upazila]] of [[Kurigram District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |108
| style="text-align:right;" |46
| style="text-align:right;" |298 (Bhutan 113, China 31)
| style="text-align:right;" |3
| style="text-align:right;" |460
|-
|[[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #EE1C25;" |[[Mount Kailash]] in Tibet, China
|[[Brahmaputra Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Nageshwari Upazila]] of [[Kurigram District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Ganges River]], [[Goalanda Upazila]] of [[Chandpur District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |918
| style="text-align:right;" |337
| style="text-align:right;" |2880 (China 1625)
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |12000
|-
|[[Jinjiram River|Jinjiram]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Urpad Bill of [[Goalpara District]] of Assam, India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Raomari Upazila]] of [[Kurigram District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Old Brahmaputra River]], [[Bahadurabad Union|Bahadurabad]], [[Jamalpur District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |20
| style="text-align:right;" |135
| style="text-align:right;" |155
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |107
|-
|[[Chellakhali River|Chellakhali / Chillakhali / Chitalkhali]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[West Garo Hills district|West Garo Hills]] of [[Meghalaya]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Nalitabari Upazila]] of [[Sherpur District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Maliji River]], Balughata in [[Nalitabari Upazila]] of [[Sherpur District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |32
| style="text-align:right;" |24
| style="text-align:right;" |56
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |52
|-
|[[Bhogai River|Bhogai]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[South Garo Hills district|South Garo Hills]] of [[Meghalaya]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Nalitabari Upazila]] of [[Sherpur District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Baulai River]], [[Sunamganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |55
| style="text-align:right;" |122
| style="text-align:right;" |177
| style="text-align:right;" |3
| style="text-align:right;" |95
|-
|[[Nitai River|Nitai]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[West Garo Hills district|West Garo Hills]] of [[Meghalaya]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Dhobaura Upazila]] of [[Mymensingh District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Bhogai River|Bhogai]]-[[Kangsha River|Kangsha]] River, [[Durgapur Upazila, Netrokona|Durgapur Upazila]], [[Netrakona District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |56
| style="text-align:right;" |37
| style="text-align:right;" |93
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right;" |74
|-
|[[Someshwari River|Someshwari]] (Simsang / Singsang chi / Simsang wari)
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[East Garo Hills district|East Garo Hills]] of [[Meghalaya]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Durgapur Upazila, Netrokona|Durgapur Upazila]] of [[Netrakona District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Bhogai-Kangsh River|Bhogai-]] [[Kangsha River|Kangsha]] River, [[Purbadhala Upazila]] of [[Netrakona District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |104
| style="text-align:right;" |106
| style="text-align:right;" |210
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right;" |114
|-
|[[Jadukata River|Jadukata / Jodukata / Jadukata-Rokti]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[West Khasi Hills district|West Khasi Hills]] of [[Meghalaya]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Tahirpur Upazila]] of [[Sunamganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Surma River]], [[Jamalganj Upazila|Jamalganj]], [[Sunamganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |98
| style="text-align:right;" |34
| style="text-align:right;" |132
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |57
|-
|[[Jalukhali River|Damalia / Jalukhali / Cholti]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[East Garo Hills district|East Garo Hills]] of [[Meghalaya]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Bishwamvarpur Upazila]] of [[Sunamganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Surma River]], [[Sunamganj Sadar Upazila|Sadar Upazila]] of [[Sunamganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |67
| style="text-align:right;" |14
| style="text-align:right;" |81
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |201
|-
|[[Nawagang River|Nawagang / Nauyagang]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[East Khasi Hills]] of [[Meghalaya]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Dowarabazar Upazila]] of [[Sunamganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Surma River]], [[Dowarabazar Upazila]] of [[Sunamganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |11
| style="text-align:right;" |20
| style="text-align:right;" |31
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |50
|-
|[[Umiam River|Umiam / Umiyeo]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[East Khasi Hills district|East Khasi Hills]] of [[Meghalaya]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Dowarabazar Upazila]] of [[Sunamganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Jaliachra (Bholaganj) River]], [[Chhatak Upazila]] of [[Sunamganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |62
| style="text-align:right;" |56
| style="text-align:right;" |118
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |35
|-
|[[Dhala River|Dhala]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[East Khasi Hills district|East Khasi Hills]] of [[Meghalaya]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Companiganj Upazila, Sylhet|Companiganj Upazila]] of [[Sylhet District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Piyain River]], [[Companiganj Upazila, Sylhet|Companiganj Upazila]] of [[Sylhet District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |36
| style="text-align:right;" |12
| style="text-align:right;" |48
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |158
|-
|[[Piyain River|Piyain]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[East Khasi Hills district|East Khasi Hills]] of [[Meghalaya]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Gowainghat Upazila]] of [[Sylhet District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Surma River]], [[Chhatak Upazila]] of [[Sunamganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |58
| style="text-align:right;" |44
| style="text-align:right;" |102
| style="text-align:right;" |4
| style="text-align:right;" |115
|-
|[[Shari-Goyain River|Shari-Goyain]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[West Jaintia Hills district|West Jaintia Hills]] of [[Meghalaya]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Jaintiapur Upazila]] of [[Sylhet District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Surma River]], [[Jaintiapur Upazila]] of [[Sylhet District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |86
| style="text-align:right;" |127
| style="text-align:right;" |213
| style="text-align:right;" |3
| style="text-align:right;" |119
|-
|[[Surma River|Surma]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Barak River]] in Hills of [[Manipur]]-[[Mizoram]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Zakiganj Upazila]] of [[Sylhet District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |Upper [[Meghna River]], [[Kishoreganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |460
| style="text-align:right;" |388
| style="text-align:right;" |848
| style="text-align:right;" |26
| style="text-align:right;" |111
|-
|[[Kushiyara River|Kushiyara]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Barak River]] in Hills of [[Manipur]]-[[Mizoram]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Zakiganj Upazila]] of [[Sylhet District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |Upper [[Meghna River]], [[Kishoreganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |460
| style="text-align:right;" |281
| style="text-align:right;" |741
| style="text-align:right;" |30{{Efn|name=Demarcation}}
| style="text-align:right;" |268
|-
|[[Sunai River|Sunai / Bardal]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Tripura]] - [[Mizoram]] border hill area of India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Barlekha Upazila]] of [[Moulvibazar District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Kushiyara River]], [[Fenchuganj Upazila]] of [[Sylhet District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |46
| style="text-align:right;" |168
| style="text-align:right;" |214
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right;" |81
|-
|[[Juri River|Juri]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Hills of [[Tripura]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Juri Upazila]] of [[Moulvibazar District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Kushiyara River]], [[Fenchuganj Upazila]] of [[Sylhet District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |46
| style="text-align:right;" |64
| style="text-align:right;" |110
| style="text-align:right;" |16
| style="text-align:right;" |53
|-
|[[Manu River (Tripura)|Manu]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Hills of [[Tripura]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Kulaura Upazila]] of [[Moulvibazar District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Kushiyara River]], [[Moulvibazar Sadar Upazila|Sadar Upazila]] of [[Moulvibazar District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |123
| style="text-align:right;" |77
| style="text-align:right;" |200
| style="text-align:right;" |7
| style="text-align:right;" |111
|-
|[[Dhalai River|Dhalai]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Hills of [[Tripura]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Kamalganj Upazila]] of [[Moulvibazar District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Manu River]], [[Rajnagar Upazila]] of [[Moulvibazar District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |59
| style="text-align:right;" |56
| style="text-align:right;" |115
| style="text-align:right;" |5
| style="text-align:right;" |56
|-
|[[Longla River|Longla]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Hills of [[Tripura]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Sreemangal Upazila]] of [[Moulvibazar District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Bijna River|Bijna-GuaingJuri River]], [[Nabiganj Upazila]] of [[Habiganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |13
| style="text-align:right;" |64
| style="text-align:right;" |77
| style="text-align:right;" |19
| style="text-align:right;" |72
|-
|[[Khowai River|Khowai]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Hills of eastern [[Tripura]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Chunarughat Upazila]] of [[Habiganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Kushiyara River]], [[Austagram Upazila]] of [[Kishoreganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |101
| style="text-align:right;" |57
| style="text-align:right;" |158
| style="text-align:right;" |3
| style="text-align:right;" |106
|-
|[[Sutang River|Sutang]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Baramura|Baramura Mountains]] of [[Khowai district]], Tripura, India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Chunarughat Upazila]] of [[Habiganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Kushiyara River]], [[Lakhai Upazila]] of [[Habiganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right;" |76
| style="text-align:right;" |77
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |36
|-
|[[Sonai River (Bangladesh)|Sonai]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Hills of [[Tripura]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Madhabpur Upazila]] of [[Habiganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |Khasturia Canal, [[Habiganj District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |21
| style="text-align:right;" |28
| style="text-align:right;" |49
| style="text-align:right;" |3
| style="text-align:right;" |41
|-
|[[Howrah River|Howrah]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Baramura|Baramura Mountains]] of [[Khowai district]], Tripura, India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Akhaura Upazila]] of [[Brahmanbaria District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Titas River]], [[Akhaura Upazila]] of [[Brahmanbaria District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |26
| style="text-align:right;" |14
| style="text-align:right;" |40
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |40
|-
|[[Bijoni River|Bijoni]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Baramura|Baramura Mountains]] of [[Sipahijala district]], Tripura, India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Kasba Upazila]] of [[Brahmanbaria District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Titas River]], [[Akhaura Upazila]] of [[Brahmanbaria District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |29
| style="text-align:right;" |33
| style="text-align:right;" |62
| style="text-align:right;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |23
|-
|[[Salda River (Bangladesh)|Salda]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Baramura|Baramura Mountains]] of [[Sipahijala district]], Tripura, India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Kasba Upazila]] of [[Brahmanbaria District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Buri River]], [[Muradnagar Upazila]] of [[Comilla District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |23
| style="text-align:right;" |60
| style="text-align:right;" |83
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right;" |37
|-
|[[Gumti River (transboundary river)|Gumti / Gomti / Gumati / Gomati]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Ranges northeast of [[Dumboor Lake|Dumboor]], Tripura, India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Comilla District]] [[Comilla Sadar Upazila|Sadar Upazila]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Meghna River]], [[Daudkandi Upazila]] of [[Comilla District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |177
| style="text-align:right;" |88
| style="text-align:right;" |265
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right;" |65
|-
|[[Dakatia River|Kakrai-Dakatia]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Hilly region of West [[Tripura]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Ujirpur Union]] of [[Chauddagram Upazila]] of [[Comilla District]], Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |Lower Meghna River, [[Lakshmipur District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |12
| style="text-align:right;" |220
| style="text-align:right;" |232
| style="text-align:right;" |1
| style="text-align:right;" |67
|-
|[[Silonia River|Silonia]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |Hilly region of South [[Tripura]], India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Parshuram Upazila]] of [[Feni District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Feni River]], [[Feni Sadar Upazila|Sadar Upazila]] of [[Feni District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |30
| style="text-align:right;" |40
| style="text-align:right;" |70
| style="text-align:right;" |4
| style="text-align:right;" |62
|-
|[[Muhuri River|Muhuri]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F;" |[[Dumboor Lake]], [[Lushai Hills]], Tripura, India
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Parshuram Upazila]] of [[Feni District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Feni River]], [[Chhagalnaiya Upazila]] of [[Feni District]], Bangladesh
| style="text-align:right;" |53
| style="text-align:right;" |65
| style="text-align:right;" |118
| style="text-align:right;" |2{{Efn|name=Demarcation}}
| style="text-align:right;" |71
|-
|[[Feni River|Feni]]
|style="padding: 0;" |<div style="border-left:7px solid #FF671F; padding:0; margin:0">[[Tripura]], India{{Efn|The origin of [[Feni River]] is disputed|name=Feni}}</div><hr style="margin:0"><div style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e; padding:0; margin:0">[[Khagrachhari District|Khagrachhari hill District]] of Bangladesh{{Efn|name=Feni}}</div>
|[[Surma-Meghna River System|Meghna Basin]]
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Khagrachhari District|Khagrachhari hill District]] of Bangladesh
| style="border-left:7px solid #006a4e;" |[[Bay of Bengal]]
| style="text-align:right;" |94
| style="text-align:right;" |46
| style="text-align:right;" |140
| style="text-align:right;" |94
| style="text-align:right;" |159
|}
{{notelist}}

== See also ==
* [[Transboundary river]]
* [[List of rivers of Bangladesh]]
* [[List of rivers of West Bengal]]
* [[List of rivers of India]]

== External links ==
* [https://jrcb.gov.bd/ Joint Rivers Commission, Bangladesh]
* [https://bwdb.portal.gov.bd/ Bangladesh Water Development Board]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}{{Bangladesh topics}}{{Rivers in and around Bengal}}{{Waters of South Asia}}{{Rivers of India}}

[[Category:International rivers of Asia]]
[[Category:Rivers of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Lists of rivers of India]]
[[Category:Rivers of West Bengal]]

V R Dinesh

2026-02-07T00:23:21Z

RoseKort2620073: stub!

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Actor Dinesh Ravi 016.jpg
| caption = Ravi in 2022
| birth_name = Dinesh Ravi
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1984|09|27}}
| birth_place = [[Vellore]], Tamil Nadu, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names = Attakathi Dinesh, Gethu Dinesh
| yearsactive = 2006–present
| occupation = Actor
}}

'''V Ravi Dinesh''' (born 27 September 1984), better known by his former stage name '''Attakathi Dinesh''', is an Indian actor who has acts in [[Tamil cinema]]. He made his breakthrough playing the lead role in ''[[Attakathi]]'' (2012).

== Career ==
Dinesh completed high school in Dhanalakshmi higher secondary school [[Royapuram]], [[Chennai]]. After finishing high school, he tried his luck in acting from 2010. He acted in the [[Vijay TV]]'s ''[[Kadhalikka Neramillai (TV series)|Kadhalika Neramilai]]'' serial after Sakthi's death. After playing the son to actress [[Seetha (actress)|Seetha]] in the [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] series ''[[Penn (2006 TV series)|Penn]]'' and minor roles in ''[[Aadukalam]]'' (2011) and ''[[Mouna Guru]]'' (2011),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/attakathi-dinesh-cameo-appearances-before-he-acted-as-hero/ |title=ஹீரோவாவதற்கு முன் அட்டகத்தி தினேஷ் நடித்த படங்கள் – புகைப்படம் இதோ. |date=7 August 2020}}</ref> Dinesh made a breakthrough appearing in ''[[Attakathi]]'' (2012). The film performed well commercially and also won positive reviews, with a critic from Rediff.com noting "he's an actor of great promise". Similarly a critic from Sify.com noted Dinesh "diverts your attention from the film's little flaws and spellbinds you with an endearing act that is ''Attakathi''{{'}}s biggest strength", adding that "Dinesh has come out with easily one of this year's most confident and assured performances."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/attakathi-review-tamil-15005447.html |title=Movie Review : Attakathi |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=6 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813084436/http://www.sify.com/movies/attakathi-review-tamil-15005447.html |archive-date=13 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

After cameo appearances in ''[[Ethir Neechal (2013 film)|Ethir Neechal]]'' (2013) and ''[[Pannaiyarum Padminiyum]]'' (2014), he was seen in a lead role again in ''[[Cuckoo (2014 film)|Cuckoo]]'' (2014) produced by Fox Star Studios. His performance as a visually challenged man was praised by critics. [[Sify]] wrote "the film belongs to Dinesh, who has come out with a riveting performance" and called it "the best ever blind act since [[Kamal Haasan]]'s ''[[Raja Paarvai]]''. [[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]], too, compared Dinesh to actor Kamal Haasan, stating "Dinesh is probably the next Kamal Haasan of the industry".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Cuckoo---Blinded-By-Love/2014/03/22/article2124248.ece#.UzG_uvl5P_E |title='Cuckoo' – Blinded By Love |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=22 March 2014 |access-date=11 June 2016 |author=Pudipeddi, Haricharan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501121719/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Cuckoo---Blinded-By-Love/2014/03/22/article2124248.ece#.UzG_uvl5P_E |archive-date=1 May 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Rediff]] wrote, "Dinesh has given a performance of the lifetime, his character is such a unique blend of vulnerability and defiance that every scene is worthy of praise" <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-cuckoo-is-brilliant/20140321.htm |title=Review: Cuckoo is brilliant |work=rediff movies |date=21 March 2014 |access-date=11 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624105342/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-cuckoo-is-brilliant/20140321.htm |archive-date=24 June 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[The Times of India]] felt that he was "superbly natural as Tamizh".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cuckoo/movie-review/32438583.cms |title=Cuckoo Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323162258/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cuckoo/movie-review/32438583.cms |archive-date=23 March 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> He was next seen in ''[[Thirudan Police]]'' (2014) directed by debutant Caarthick Raju.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/thirudan-police/thirudan-police-review.html |title=Thirudan Police (aka) Tirudan Police review |website=behindwoods.com}}</ref>

His first 2015 release was ''[[Tamizhuku En Ondrai Azhuthavum]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/tamizhukku-en-1-ai-azhuthavum/movie-review/46317335.cms|title = Tamizhukku en 1-Ai Azhuthavum Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Tamizhukku en 1-Ai Azhuthavum by Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> Dinesh starred in the movie ''[[Visaranai]]'' based the novel Lock Up by M. Chadrakumar.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/%E2%80%98I-will-keep-writing%E2%80%99/article14644670.ece |title='I will keep writing' |newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 September 2016 |last1=Kannadasan |first1=Akila}}</ref> The film premiered in the [[Orizzonti]] (Horizons) section of the 72nd Venice Film Festival, where it won the Amnesty International Italia Award.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/vetri-maarans-visaranai-that-was-selected-for-the-72nd-international-film-festival-of-venice-was-awarded-the-amnesty-international-italys-cinema-for-human-rights-award.html |title=Vetri Maaran's Visaranai has been awarded the Amnesty International Italy's "Cinema for Human Rights" award |date=13 September 2015}}</ref> Also it received highly positive reviews from both critics and audience alike.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/Visaranai-A-powerful-chilling-drama-about-how-the-System-toys-with-us/article14097397.ece |title=Visaranai: A powerful, chilling drama about how the System toys with us |newspaper=The Hindu |date=6 February 2016 |last1=Rangan |first1=Baradwaj}}</ref> Dinesh played a supporting character in the film ''[[Kabali]]'' alongside [[Rajinikanth]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/kabali-actor-dinesh-ravi-opens-up-about-his-character-in-the-rajinikanth-starrer-733727/ |title=Kabali actor Dinesh Ravi opens up about his character in the Rajinikanth starrer! |date=9 June 2016}}</ref> His other films include ''[[Ulkuthu]]'' (2017), ''[[Annanukku Jai (2018 film)|Annanukku Jai]]'' (2018), ''[[Kalavani Mappillai]]'' (2018) and ''[[Irandam Ulagaporin Kadaisi Gundu]]'' (2019). After the success of ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]'' (2024), where he played a character named "Gethu", he underwent two name changes: first to Gethu Dinesh, then to V R Dinesh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=5 February 2025 |title=‘Gethu’ Dinesh plays dual roles in his next film, ‘Karuppu Pulsar’ |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/gethu-dinesh-plays-dual-roles-in-his-next-film-karuppu-pulsar-821883 |access-date=16 May 2025 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

=== Films ===
*''Note: despite being known as Attakathi Dinesh, he is credited as Dinesh in almost all of his films.''
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
|2006 || ''[[E (2006 film)|E]]'' || Parthiban||
|-
|2007 || ''[[Evano Oruvan]]'' || ||
|-
|2011 || ''[[Aadukalam]]'' || Dinesh ||
|-
|2011 || ''[[Mouna Guru]]'' || Principal's son ||
|-
|2012 || ''[[Attakathi]]'' || Dinakaran (Attakathi) || Nominated, [[Vijay Award for Best Debut Actor]] Nominated, [[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Award for Best Male Debutant]]
|-
|2013 || ''[[Ethir Neechal (2013 film)|Ethir Neechal]]'' || Dinakaran || Cameo appearance
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014 || ''[[Pannaiyarum Padminiyum]]'' || The narrator || Cameo appearance
|-
| ''[[Cuckoo (2014 film)|Cuckoo]]'' || Tamizh || Nominated, [[Vijay Award for Best Actor]]
|-
| ''[[Thirudan Police]]'' || Viswa ||
|-
|2015 ||''[[Tamizhuku En Ondrai Azhuthavum]]'' || Mukil ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016 || ''[[Visaranai]]'' || Paandi ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Naal Koothu]]'' || Rajkumar ||
|-
| ''[[Kabali]]'' || Jeeva ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Ulkuthu]]''|| Raja ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2018|| ''[[Merlin (2016 film)|Merlin]]'' || Himself || Cameo appearance
|-
| ''[[Annanukku Jai (2018 film)|Annanukku Jai]]'' || Matta Sekar ||
|-
|''[[Kalavani Mappillai]]'' || Deva ||
|-
| rowspan="1" |2019 || ''[[Irandam Ulagaporin Kadaisi Gundu]]'' || Selvam ||
|-
| rowspan="1" |2021 || ''[[Naanum Single Thaan]]'' || Udhay ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Pallu Padama Paathuka]]'' || Mahesh ||<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dinesh's zombie flick to hit screens in June? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dineshs-zombie-flick-to-hit-screens-in-june/articleshow/68536344.cms |access-date=17 June 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024 || ''[[J Baby]]'' ||Shankar ||
|-
|''[[Lubber Pandhu]]'' || Poomalai "Gethu" ||
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Thandakaaranyam]]'' || Sadaiyan ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2026
| ''[[Karuppu Pulsar]]''
|Dasaratha Raja
|
|-
|''[[Pa. Ranjith|Vettuvam]]''
|Nandhan
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Channel
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Penn (2006 TV series)|Penn]]'' || Karthik || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| 2007{{Endash}}2008 || ''[[Kadhalikka Neramillai (TV series)|Kadhalikka Neramillai]]'' || Santhanam || [[STAR Vijay]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|5625923}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dinesh, Gethu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:People from Vellore]]
[[Category:1984 births]]

Muslim Youth League

2026-02-06T21:33:17Z

RoseKort2620073: reworked intro based on references based on references

{{short description|1=Youth wing of Indian Union Muslim League}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox political youth organization
| name= Muslim Youth League
| colorcode= {{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}
| logo=File:MYL FLAG.jpg
| president = Sarfaraz Ahmed
| national secretary =T.P Asharafali
| national treasurer =Ansari Madar
| founded= 1973
| headquarters =Quaid-E-Millath Centre, Shyam Lal Rd, Daryaganj, New Delhi, 110002.
| ideology =Honourable Existence
| mother party=[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| website = https://mylindia.in/
|Organising Secretary=Adv. Shibu Meeran}}'''Muslim Youth League,''' abbreviated as '''MYL,''' is the [[youth wing]] of the [[Indian Union Muslim League]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Safeena |first=K. P. |date=29 June 2021 |title=IUML Failed to Recognize Changes in Muslim community, Feels Youth League |work=Malayala Manorama |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/06/29/iuml-muslim-community-youth-league.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2021-01-24 |title=MYL offers legal help to Kappan |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/myl-offers-legal-help-to-kappan/article33645369.ece}}</ref> It is led at the national level by Adv. Sarfaraz Ahmed, who serves as National President, and T. P. Asharafali, who serves as National General Secretary.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-11-24 |title=Leadership |url=https://mylindia.in/leadership/,%20https://mylindia.in/leadership/ |access-date=2026-01-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Affiliation ==
The Muslim Youth League (MYL) is the official youth wing of the [[Indian Union Muslim League|Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)]]. Established in 1973, MYL has its headquarters in [[New Delhi]] and state committees across India that organize young members around IUML’s political and social agenda. As a youth organization, MYL mobilizes students and young professionals who endorse the IUML’s principles, channeling their energy into constructive political engagement and community service.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=About MYL |url=https://mylindia.in/about-2/}}</ref>

== History ==
The '''Muslim Youth League (MYL)''' was established on '''3 August 1973'''<ref name=":3" /> as the official youth wing of the '''Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)''', a political party with roots in pre-Partition Muslim politics that reorganised itself in independent India in '''1948'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Union Muslim League {{!}} Kerala |url=https://www.iumlkerala.org/ |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=www.iumlkerala.org |language=en}}</ref>. The organisation was created to engage young Muslims and other minority youth in political activism, community service, and democratic participation under the broader ideological framework of the IUML, which emphasises secularism, democracy and communal harmony<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-12 |title=Members of Indian Union of Muslim League clean temple in flood-hit Kerala on Eid al-Adha |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/society/article/members-of-indian-union-of-muslim-league-clean-temple-in-flood-hit-kerala-on-eid-al-adha/467865 |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=www.timesnownews.com |language=en}}</ref>.

MYL’s early purpose was to mobilise youth support for the IUML’s goals of constitutional rights, social justice, and political inclusion<ref name=":3" />. Over time, the organisation expanded its reach through state and district committees, particularly gaining prominence in Kerala where the IUML has significant political influence. The Kerala State Committee of MYL became one of the largest political youth organisations in the state, organising social, political and charity programmes<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reporter |first=Staff |date=2020-06-07 |title=Children in tribal colony get TV |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/children-in-tribal-colony-get-tv/article31774722.ece |access-date=2026-01-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> across constituencies.

=== Bhasha Samaram (1980 Language Struggle) ===
In '''1980''', the Muslim Youth League (MYL) played a central role in the '''Bhasha Samaram'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-30 |title=ഭാഷാസമരം: ഒരു സമുദായത്തിന്റെ ചെറുത്തുനിൽപ്പ് |url=https://www.malayalamnewsdaily.com/node/88401/articles/bhasha-samaram |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=Malayalam News}}</ref> (“Language Struggle”), a mass protest movement in Kerala against the state government’s proposed changes to language education policies that were seen as detrimental to Arabic, Urdu and other second languages in schools.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=P |first=Riyas |date=2019-01-01 |title=Title: Arabic language struggle1 of 1980s; a historical milestone in Malabar |url=https://www.academia.edu/40003295/Title_Arabic_language_struggle1_of_1980s_a_historical_milestone_in_Malabar |journal=paper}}</ref> The protests were sparked by the '''Kerala Education Rule (KER)''' introduced by the '''E. K. Nayanar-led government''', which altered the status of second languages such as Arabic, Urdu and Sanskrit in government schools and was perceived to threaten the employment of teachers and the linguistic rights of minority communities.<ref name=":4" />

On '''30 July 1980''', tens of thousands of protesters, including student activists from the Muslim Students Federation (MSF) and members of the MYL, participated in peaceful marches toward district collectorates across Kerala<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-30 |title=ഭാഷാസമരം: ഒരു സമുദായത്തിന്റെ ചെറുത്തുനിൽപ്പ് |url=https://www.malayalamnewsdaily.com/node/88401/articles/bhasha-samaram |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=Malayalam News}}</ref>. In '''Malappuram''', police opened fire on the demonstrators during a march to the collectorate at Munduparamba, resulting in the martyrdom of three young MYL activists — '''Majeed (24)''', '''Rahman (21)''' and '''Kunhippa (21)''' — and injuring many others. The violent confrontation and fatalities triggered widespread outrage and intensified the movement. The MYL and allied organisations continued to press for the repeal of the contested language policy, which was eventually withdrawn by the state government under political pressure. The Bhasha Samaram is retrospectively regarded by community organisations as a pivotal moment in the struggle to protect linguistic and cultural rights in Kerala, particularly for the state’s Muslim minority.<ref name=":4" />

== MYL Leadership ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Current National Leadership - MYL India<ref name=":2" />
!Sl.No
!Position
!Name
!State
|-
|1
|President
|Sarfaraz Ahmed
|Uttar Pradesh
|-
|2
|General Secretary
|T.P Asharafali
|Kerala
|-
|3
|Treasurer
|Ansari Madar
|Tamil Nadu
|-
|4
|Organising Seceretary
|Adv. Shibu Meeran
|Kerala
|-
|5
|Vice Presidents
|Sayyid Moyeenali Shihab Thangal, Kerala
Zubair Khan, Maharashtra
Sajjad Husain Akther, Bihar
Umar Inamdar, Karnataka
Anvar Sadath, Kerala
Hasan Zakaria, Tamil Nadu
Ashiq Chelavur, Kerala
Mufeeda Thasni, Kerala
|
|-
|6
|Secretaries
|CK. Shakir, Kerala
Mohammed Ilyas, Tamil Nadu
Thouseef Husain Reza, Asam
Rahmathullah Shareef, Andra Pradesh
Sajid Naduvannur, Kerala
Adv. Ajarudhin Choudary, Haryana
Adv. Najma Thabsheera, kerala
|
|}

=== Former Office-bearers of MYL National Committee ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sl.No
!Position
!Name
!Period
|-
|1
|President
|Sabir S. Gaffar
|2017-22
|-
|2
|General Secretary
|C.K Zubair
|2017-22
|-
|3
|President
|Asif Ansari
|2022-25
|-
|4
|General Secretary
|Adv. Fyzal Babu
|2022-25
|}

=== MYL Kerala State Committee ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Sl.No
! scope="col" | Position

! scope="col" | Name
|-
|1
|President
| Sayyid Munavvar Ali Shihab Thangal<ref name="Deccan Chronicle">{{Cite news |last=Meethal |first=Amiya |date=16 December 2016 |title=Munavarali Shihab Thangal to Head Muslim Youth League |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/161216/munavarali-shihab-thangal-to-head-muslim-youth-league.html}}</ref>
|-
|2
| General Secretary
|PK Firos<ref name="madhyamam_564398">{{Cite news |date=5 September 2020 |title=Kerala: Expelled Haritha leaders reinstated in Muslim Youth League |work=Madhyamam |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/kerala-expelled-haritha-leaders-reinstated-in-muslim-youth-league}}</ref>
|}

===Former Office-bearers of Kerala State Committee===

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Year !! President !! General Secretary
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 1980 || P. K. K. Bava||[[K. P. A. Majeed]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 1990 || [[M. K. Muneer]]|| [[C. Mammutty]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 1995 || [[M. K. Muneer]] || [[K. T. Jaleel]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 2000 || [[Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal|Sadiq Ali Thangal]]|| [[PA. Ahmmad KABEER ]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 2007<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=2007-06-18 |title=K. M. Shaji and N. Shamsudheen Elected MYL State President and Secretary |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Shaji-elected-MYL-State-president/article14779420.ece}}</ref>|| [[K. M. Shaji]]<ref name=":0" />||[[N. Samsudheen]]<ref name=":0" />
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 2012<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=16 May 2012 |title=Sadiqali is MYL Prez, Subair Sec |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2012/feb/08/sadiqali-is-myl-prez-subair-sec-338041.html}}</ref>|| P. M. Sadikali<ref name=":1" />|| PA AHAMMAD KABEER <ref name=":1" />
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 2016<ref name="Deccan Chronicle" /> || Munavvar Ali Shihab Thangal || PK Firos<ref name="madhyamam_564398" />
|}
=== MYL Telangana State Committee ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Position
|-
|Mir Hamid Ali<ref>{{Cite web |last=BrandPost |first=H. M. |date=2024-04-07 |title=Muslim Youth League Empowers Communities During Ramadan |url=https://www.hindustanmetro.com/muslim-youth-league-empowers-communities-during-ramadan/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=www.hindustanmetro.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|President
|-
|Noman Rehman<ref name="up18news.com">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-08 |title=Muslim Youth League Telangana Archives |url=https://up18news.com/tag/muslim-youth-league-telangana/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Up18 News |language=en-US}}</ref>
|Vice President
|-
|Syed Saif
|Secretary
|-
|Qadeeruddin Ahmed
|Vice President
|-
|Mohammed Moiz Ahmed
|Treasurer
|-
|Mohammed Asraf
|Secretary
|-

|}

== White Guard Volunteers ==
Beyond electoral politics, MYL has also undertaken community initiatives such as relief work and volunteer mobilisation<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reporter |first=Staff |date=2020-04-08 |title=MYL to resume Medi Chain scheme |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/myl-to-resume-medi-chain-scheme/article31292431.ece |access-date=2026-01-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>. One notable programme associated with its Kerala State Committee is the '''White Guard Volunteers'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-19 |title=Our Initiatives |url=https://mylindia.in/initiatives/,%20https://mylindia.in/initiatives/ |access-date=2026-01-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>, a volunteer group engaged in flood rescue<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayanad landslides: Govt cites safety concerns to stop charity food distribution; residents call it petty politics |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/08/05/wayanad-landslide-government-safety-concerns-stop-charity-food-distribution-residents-decry-petty-politics.html |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=Wayanad landslides: Govt cites safety concerns to stop charity food distribution; residents call it petty politics |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2024-08-04 |title=Row over closure of White Guards’ mess in Wayanad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/row-over-closure-of-white-guards-mess-in-wayanad/article68485602.ece |access-date=2026-01-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>, social service<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unnithan |first=P. S. Gopikrishnan |date=2019-08-12 |title=Kerala: Muslim League volunteers clean Ram temple, Hindus clean masjid ahead of Eid |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-muslim-league-volunteers-clean-ram-temple-hindus-clean-masjid-ahead-of-eid-1579997-2019-08-12 |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> and community relief activities across multiple cities in Kerala, reflecting MYL’s efforts to extend its service beyond purely political arenas.

The '''[[White Guard Volunteers (Kerala)|White Guard Volunteers]]''' is a [[Volunteering|volunteer]] organisation affiliated with the '''[[Muslim Youth League]] (MYL)''', with a focus on [[disaster relief]] and community support in Kerala<ref>{{Cite web |title=ദുരന്തമുഖത്തേക്ക് വൈറ്റ് ഗാർഡ് വരുന്നു |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2018/07/22/white-guard.html |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=ManoramaOnline}}</ref>. Members commit extended periods of service to assist in rescue operations during natural disasters and to provide social assistance to affected communities. White Guard Volunteers were involved in relief and rescue work during major flooding events in Kerala, notably the '''[[2018 Kerala floods]]''' and the '''[[2019 Kerala floods]]''', where volunteer teams took part in local relief efforts and, in some cases, community rebuilding and clean-up tasks after waters receded.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unnithan |first=P. S. Gopikrishnan |date=2019-08-12 |title=Kerala: Muslim League volunteers clean Ram temple, Hindus clean masjid ahead of Eid |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-muslim-league-volunteers-clean-ram-temple-hindus-clean-masjid-ahead-of-eid-1579997-2019-08-12 |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

During the '''[[COVID-19 pandemic]]''', White Guard also took part in community support efforts such as delivering medicines and essential supplies in coordination with MYL initiatives as part of wider humanitarian response measures. In the '''[[2020 Kerala floods]]''', the group continued its involvement in relief work alongside other civil society organisations engaged in rescue and support efforts across affected districts. In '''2024''', White Guard Volunteers were active in the aftermath of the '''[[2024 Wayanad landslides|Wayanad landslides]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayanad landslides: Govt cites safety concerns to stop charity food distribution; residents call it petty politics |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/08/05/wayanad-landslide-government-safety-concerns-stop-charity-food-distribution-residents-decry-petty-politics.html |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=Wayanad landslides: Govt cites safety concerns to stop charity food distribution; residents call it petty politics |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-29 |title=വയനാടിൽ വൈറ്റ് ഗാര്‍ഡ് |url=https://www.gulf-chandrika.com/news/white-guard-cleans-muddy-houses-in-wayanad/ |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=Gulf Chandrika |language=ml}}</ref>, collaborating with other volunteer groups<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Rajeev |date=2024-08-12 |title=United in rescue: How Kerala’s selfless army across divides is bringing relief to Wayanad |url=https://thefederal.com/category/the-eighth-column/how-keralas-selfless-army-across-divides-is-bringing-relief-to-wayanad-138446 |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=thefederal.com |language=en}}</ref> to provide food distribution and immediate assistance to landslide survivors across the district.<ref>{{Cite web |last=P |first=Jinoy Jose |date=2024-08-17 |title=The Kerala model: How A Compassionate ‘Army’ of Civilian Volunteers in Wayanad is Making a Difference |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/wayanad-landslide-disaster-kerala-model-civilian-volunteers-pour-in-help-rescue-effort-indian-army-impressed/article68529008.ece |access-date=2026-01-06 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref>

== Life Lift - MYL Career Wing ==
'''Life Lift''' is a career guidance and employment support initiative of the '''Muslim Youth League (MYL) National Committee.'''The initiative was launched during a national delegate conference of the organisation held in '''Agra'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=mylindialifelift.com – Helping you turn ambition into action |url=https://mylindialifelift.com/ |access-date=2026-01-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> Life Lift aims to provide career-related information and guidance to young people, including assistance related to education pathways, employment opportunities, training programmes, and skill development. The initiative’s stated scope includes information on both private- and government-sector employment, as well as opportunities within India and abroad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABOUT LIFE LIFT – mylindialifelift.com |url=https://mylindialifelift.com/about-life-lift/ |access-date=2026-01-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Youth wings of political parties in India]]
[[Category:Indian Union Muslim League]]
[[Category:1973 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1973]]
[[Category:Volunteer organisations in India]]
[[Category:Youth wings of conservative parties]]

Department of Social Justice (Kerala)

2026-02-05T20:19:38Z

RoseKort2620073: added a article!

{{Short description|Government department in Kerala, India}}

{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Social Justice Department
| type = Department
| logo = Government of Kerala Logo.svg
| logo_width = 120px
| jurisdiction = {{flag|India}}, Kerala
| headquarters = [[Kerala Government Secretariat|Government Secretariat]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| minister1_name = [[R. Bindu]]
| minister1_pfo = Minister for Social Justice
| chief1_name = Dr. Adeela Abdulla [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Jan/30/kerala-government-reshuffles-ias-officers-assigns-new-roles|title=Kerala government reshuffles IAS officers; assigns new roles|first=Express News|last=Service|date=January 30, 2025|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
| chief1_position = Special Secretary to Government
| chief2_name = Dr. Mithun Premraj [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief2_position = Director of Social Justice
| parent_department = [[Government of Kerala]]
| child1_agency = Directorate of Social Justice
| website = {{URL|https://sjd.kerala.gov.in}}
}}
The '''Social Justice Department''' is an administrative department of the [[Government of Kerala]]. The department is responsible for formulating and implementing policies aimed at the welfare of [[Social exclusion|socially disadvantaged]] and marginalised sections, including [[Disability|persons with disabilities]], [[Old age|senior citizens]], [[Transgender|transgender persons]], and other vulnerable groups.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Social Justice Department - Profile |url=https://sjd.kerala.gov.in/profile |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=sjd.kerala.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

The department functions as the nodal agency for the implementation of various social welfare legislations, schemes and missions, and coordinates with line departments and field agencies to ensure effective service delivery. The department’s headquarters is located in [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2025-10-17 |title=New Social Justice department office complex inaugurated in Alappuzha |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/new-social-justice-department-office-complex-inaugurated-in-alappuzha/article70174846.ece |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-03 |title=Kerala govt sets up first Senior Citizens Commission in India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/kerala-govt-sets-up-first-senior-citizens-commission-in-india/articleshow/123676375.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2025-09-28 |title=Vision 2031 for a developed and progressive Kerala |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vision-2031-for-a-developed-and-progressive-kerala/article70102452.ece |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vidyadharan |first=Sovi |date=2025-08-09 |title=Kerala launches landmark housing scheme for transgender community |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Aug/09/kerala-launches-landmark-housing-scheme-for-transgender-community |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Leadership ==
The department is headed by a Cabinet Minister of the Government of Kerala, and the incumbent Minister for Social Justice is [[R. Bindu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala Council of Ministers |url=https://www.niyamasabha.nic.in/index.php/chief_minister/ministers |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=Niyamasabha.nic.in}}</ref>

The administrative head of the department is the Special Secretary to Government, an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer. The current Special Secretary is [[Adeela Abdulla|Dr. Adeela Abdulla]] IAS.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Key Officials - Social Justice Department |url=https://sjd.kerala.gov.in/key-people |access-date=2025-11-08}}</ref>

The Directorate of Social Justice is headed by the Director of Social Justice, and the incumbent Director is Dr. Mithun Premraj IAS.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Directorate of Social Justice |url=https://sjd.kerala.gov.in/directorate |access-date=2025-11-08}}</ref>

== Functions ==
* Administration and enforcement of social welfare laws and rules in the state<ref name="rules">{{Cite web |title=Rules of Business - Government of Kerala, Part II |url=https://gad.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/general_attachment/Rules%20of%20Business%20-%20Part%20II.pdf |access-date=2025-11-08}}</ref>
* Formulation and implementation of policies and schemes for the welfare of socially disadvantaged sections
* Implementation of [[Centrally Sponsored Scheme]]s related to social justice, disability welfare, senior citizens and rehabilitation
* Social security and support to transgender persons, destitute, elderly persons, and differently abled individuals
* Rehabilitation, protection, and social reintegration initiatives through field institutions and missions

== Line department ==
=== Directorate of Social Justice ===
The '''Directorate of Social Justice''' functions as the primary executive arm of the Social Justice Department.<ref name="auto"/> It serves as the nodal implementing agency for all social welfare programmes of the State Government as well as Centrally Sponsored Schemes.<ref name="auto"/>

The Directorate is headed by a '''Director of Social Justice''', an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] cadre officer, who is assisted by Additional Directors, Joint Directors and Assistant Directors at the state level. For field-level administration, '''District Social Justice Offices''' function in all 14 revenue districts of Kerala, each headed by a District Social Justice Officer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=District Offices - Social Justice Department |url=https://sjd.kerala.gov.in/district-offices |access-date=2025-11-08}}</ref>

The Directorate oversees numerous welfare and rehabilitation institutions across Kerala, including:
* Asha Bhavans
* Homes for physically challenged persons
* Care homes and day-care centres
* Old-age homes and full-time dementia care centres
* Vocational Training Centres
* *Pratheeksha Bhavan* (special rehabilitation home)
* District Probation Offices

These institutions provide social protection, shelter, rehabilitation, and various support services for elderly persons, persons with disabilities, destitute individuals, and other vulnerable groups.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Institutions - Social Justice Department |url=https://sjd.kerala.gov.in/institutions |access-date=2025-11-08}}</ref>

== Agencies / Institutions under the department ==
* Kerala State Disability Commission
* Kerala Social Security Mission (KSSM)
* Kerala State Council for Child Welfare (schemes pertaining to social justice)
* Transgender Cell
* State Resource Centre for Disabilities
* Institutions for rehabilitation and social care (Govt. homes, welfare centres, etc.)

== See also ==

* [[Department of Women and Child Development (Kerala)]]
* [[Department of Backward Communities Development (Kerala)]]
* [[Department of Minority Welfare (Kerala)]]
* [[Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes Development Department (Kerala)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Government of Kerala]]
[[Category:Government departments of Kerala]]

Mattavilasa Prahasana

2026-01-30T13:28:07Z

RoseKort2620073: Stub!

{{Short description|7th-century Sanskrit play by Mahendravarman I}}
{{italic title}}
[[Image:Mani damodara Chakyar-mattavilasa.jpg|thumb|right|Mattavilasaprahasana in ancient [[Sanskrit]] theatre tradition [[Kutiyattam]] performed at temples in [[Malabar (Northern Kerala)|northern Kerala]]: Artist:[[Mani Damodara Chakyar]] as ''Kapali''.]]
'''''Mattavilasa Prahasana''''' ([[Devanagari]]:मत्तविलासप्रहसन), ({{langx|en|'''A Farce of Drunken Sport'''}}) is a short one-act [[Sanskrit]] play. It is one of the two great one act plays written by Pallava King [[Mahendravarman I]] (571– 630CE) in the beginning of the seventh century in southern India.<ref name="Bhat and Lockwood, pg. 51">Bhat and Lockwood, pg. 51</ref>

''Mattavilasa Prahasana'' is a [[satire]] that pokes fun at the peculiar aspects of the heretic [[Kapalika]] and [[Pasupata]] Saivite sects, [[Buddhists]] and [[Jainism]]. The setting of the play is Kanchipuram, the capital city of the Pallava kingdom in the seventh century. The play revolves around the drunken antics of a Kapalika [[mendicant]], Satyasoma, his woman, Devasoma, and the loss and recovery of their skull-bowl. The cast of characters consists of ''Kapali'' or Satysoma, an unorthodox Saivite mendicant, ''Devasoma'', Satysoma’s female partner, a ''Buddhist Monk'', whose name is Nagasena, ''Pasupata'', a member of another unorthodox Saivite order and a ''Madman''. The [[act (drama)|act]] describes a dispute between a drunken Kapali and the [[Buddhist monk]]. The inebriated Kapali suspects the Buddhist monk of stealing his begging bowl made from a skull, but after a drawn-out argument it is found to have been taken away by a dog.

==Synopsis==
''Mattavilasa Prahasana'' opens with the entering of two drunken Kapalikas, Satyasoma and his woman, Devasoma. Full of drunken antics, they stumble from tavern to tavern searching for more alcohol. The Kapalikas are told to be followers of a heretic [[Saivite]] sect whose [[ritual|rites]] included drinking, wild dancing and singing, and ritual intercourse with their partners.<ref name="Bhat and Lockwood, pg. 51"/> As Satysoma asks for more alms, he realizes that he has lost his sacred skull-bowl. Devasoma suggests that he might have left it at the tavern they previously visited. To their dismay, it was not there. Satyasoma suspects that either a dog or a Buddhist monk has taken it.

A Buddhist monk, Nagasena, enters the stage and the Kapalika suggests that he is the culprit-the one who has stolen the skull-bowl. Satyasoma criticizes the Buddhist monk by saying that he steals, lies, and desires liquor, meat and women even though his religion prohibits it. As for Buddhism itself, the Kapali accuses it of stealing ideas from the [[Mahabharata]] and the Vedanta.<ref>Bhat and Lockwood, pg. 53</ref> Satyasoma argues with the monk who denies the accusations and the dispute eventually leads to a physical brawl. As the fighting escalates, another mendicant, a [[Pasupata]] acquaintance of Satyasoma's, enters and mediates the situation. The drawn-out argument continues until the Buddhist monk, in despair, gives his begging bowl to a delusional Satyasoma.

The Madman enters the stage and in his hand is Satyasoma's real skull-bowl. The madman recovered the bowl from a dog and the skull-bowl is finally returned to its delighted, rightful owner. There is a happy resolution and all characters leave in an amicable fashion.

==Interpretations==
There was a strong revivalist movement of [[Hinduism]] in southern India during the seventh century and King Mahendra supported this revivalism. He excavated temples in mountains, a majority of which were dedicated to [[Shiva|Siva]]. It is within this atmosphere of this enlightenment when Mahendra’s play, ''Mattavilasa Prahasana'', had its greatest effect.

It is widely held that Mahendra’s play is a satire of the degenerate sects of his day. For example, both the Kapalika and [[Pasupata]] sects must have been considered peculiar during Mahendra’s reign, and the king satirizes them in his play. The Kapalikas embodied a serious, yet suspect, religious concept: [[Tantrism]] where religious enlightenment is attained through unorthodox rituals. Some of these notorious rituals were ''Madya'' (liquor) and ''Maithuna'' (ritual intercourse). Meanwhile, these rituals are satirically echoed by Nagasena, the Buddhist monk, who wonders why Buddhism disallows liquor and women. Jainism isn’t spared from Mahendra’s satirical pen as both Devasoma and Satyasoma describe Jains as heretics.

While the play does have a satirical plot, it also provides an interesting look into the life at [[Kanchipuram]] during the seventh century. There are references to the sounds of drums, young ladies and various flower shops. The King points to the festive climate within taverns and to the corrupted courts of Kanchi where officials were sometimes bribed. There is also mention of temple towers.

Satyasoma accuses the Buddha of stealing ideas from the ''Vedanta'' and ''Mahabharata''. This remark has a bearing on the age of the Mahabharata battle and its epic story.

==Adaptations==
A 2003 dance theatre adaptation of ''Mattavilasa Prahasanam'' was produced and presented by SANGALPAM. There was a national United Kingdom tour between 2003-2004. Directed by Stella Uppal-Subbiah, the play was edited to highlight bharatanatyam, and received great reviews.<ref>Zarilli, http://www.phillipzarrilli.com/productions/drunkenmonk/index.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202064015/http://www.phillipzarrilli.com/productions/drunkenmonk/index.html |date=2008-12-02 }} .</ref>

==Translations==
{{see|List of Sanskrit plays in English translation}}
* ''Mattavilasa Prahasana'' ''The Farce of Drunken Sport'' (1981) by Michael Lockwood and A. Vishnu Bhat
* ''Drunken Games'' (2001) by David Lorenzen, edited by David Gordon White
* ''The Farce of Drunken Sport'' (2003) by Stella Uppal-Subbiah [Theatrical Adaptation]
* ''Mattavilasa Prahasana'' (1936) by N.P. Unni and Narayanan Parameswaran
* ''Mahendravikrama Varmana'' (1998) by Urmibhushna Gupta
* ''High Spirits'' (1990, 1992) by Rahul Bonner

==See also==
*[[Kapalika]]
*[[Kutiyattam]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* Heras, Rev Henry. ''Studies in Pallava History''. Madras: B.G Paul and Company, 1933.
* [[Māni Mādhava Chākyār|Chākyār, Māni Mādhava]]. ''Mattavilāsam''. Kerala, 1968
* [[Māni Mādhava Chākyār|Chākyār, Māni Mādhava]]. ''[[Nātyakalpadrumam]]''. [[New Delhi]]:[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], 1975
* Unni, NP. ''Mattavilasa on the Kutiyattam Stage Mattavilasam''. New Delhi: Nag Publishers, 1997.
* Unni, NP.''Journal of Kerala Studies''. Vol I, No I. New Delhi: Trivandrum, 1973.
* Unni, NP. "Mattavilasa prahasana of Mahendravikramavarman". Madras: College Book House, 1979.
* Guptā, Urmibhūshṇa. "Mahendravikrama Varmana'. Nayī Dillī : Vāṇī Prakāśana, 1998.
* Lockwood, M and AV Bhat. ''The Farce of Drunken Sport''. Tambaram, Madras: MCC, 1981.(https://www.academia.edu/12366085/Metatheater_and_Sanskrit_Drama_Part_II)
*
* Barnett, Lionel D. ''Matta-vilasa, a farce by Mahendravikrama-Varman''. London: 1930.
* Zarilli, P. ''The Play and its Adaptation as South Asian Dance-Theatre'' 2003. Web. 13 July 2009 <https://web.archive.org/web/20081202064015/http://www.phillipzarrilli.com/productions/drunkenmonk/index.html>.
* Fentress, Roy Kenneth. "The rock-cut shrines of Pallava Mahendravarman I". University of California, Berkeley: University Press, 1981.
* Varma, Mahendra. "Mattavilasaprahasana. English and Sanscrit". Dilli: Naga Prakasaka, 1998.
* Jouveau-Dubreuil, Gabriel. "Conjeevaram inscription of Mahêndravarman I". St. Joseph's Industrial School Press, 1919.
* Aiyangar, Sakkottai K. ''Early History of Vaishnavism in South India''. London: Oxford University Press, 1920.

==External links==
*http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/358161/Mahendravarman-I
*http://www.enotes.com/mahendravarman-salem/mahendravarman {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929221212/http://www.enotes.com/mahendravarman-salem/mahendravarman |date=2012-09-29 }}
*http://ignca.nic.in/sanskrit/matta_vilasa_prahasanam.pdf

[[Category:Sanskrit plays]]
[[Category:Indian plays]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian literature]]
[[Category:7th-century Sanskrit literature]]

Nrisingha Temple, Nadia

2026-01-23T12:26:09Z

RoseKort2620073: Done

{{Short description|Temple in West Bengal}}
{{Infobox Mandir
|name = Nrisingha Temple
|native_name = নৃসিংহ মন্দির
|native_name_lang = Bangla
|image = File:Narasimha temple of Nrisingapally or Devapally, Nadia 06.jpg
|caption = Nrisingha Temple
|deity = [[Narasimha]]
|locale = Nrisinghapally, Nabadwip-Krishnagar road
|district = [[Nadia district]]
|state = [[West Bengal]]
|country = {{flag|India}}
|creator = Raja Khistish Chandra Roy (reconnoiter)
|year_completed = 1896 (reconstructed)
}}

'''Nrisingha Temple, Nadia''', is an old [[Narasimha]] temple situated at Thakurtala, Nrisinghapally, beside [[Nabadwip]]-[[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnagar]] road in [[Nadia district]], in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=নদীয়ার নৃসিংহ দেবের মন্দির ও বর্ধমানের বরাকর - কি আছে এখানে ?|url=http://www.safarsangi.com/2021/05/nrisingho-mandir-and-borakor-temple.html|language=bn|access-date=2021-08-08}}</ref>

==History==
There is a history that this temple existed right from the time of [[Satya Yuga]]. Lord Narasimha came here to wash the blood from his claws after killing [[Hiranyakashipu|Hiranyakasipu]]. A pond is situated beside the temple. According to [[Hindu history|history]] this pond was the part of the [[Mandakini River]]. Since then this place was known as ''Narasimha Kshetra'' or Nrisinghapally.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Narasimhapalli|url=http://srinarasimhakutumbam.org/temples/divya-kshetra/narasimhapalli/|access-date=2021-08-08|website=Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Kutumbam|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sri Narasimha Palli|url=https://iskcondesiretree.com/page/sri-narasimha-palli|access-date=2021-08-08|website=iskcondesiretree.com}}</ref> [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] and his associate Jeev Goswami often came to this temple.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-27|title=Narasingapalli Lord Narasimhadeva Temple Timings, History|url=https://templesinindiainfo.com/narasingapalli-lord-narasimhadeva-temple-timings-history/|access-date=2021-08-08|website=Temples In India Info - Slokas, Mantras, Temples, Tourist Places|language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Krishnachandra Roy]], King of [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]] helped to establish the Shrine of Narasimha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kanti Chandra Rhari|first=|title=Nabadwip Mahima (Bengali)|publisher=Nabadwip Puratatta Parishad|year=2011|location=Nabadwip}}</ref> The temple was reconstructed in 1896 by Raja Khistish Chandra Roy of Krishnagar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-09|title=Temple of Lord Narasimha, Near Mayapur {{!}} (Audio) Narasimha Mantra|url=https://www.thegaudiyatreasuresofbengal.com/2018/01/09/ancient-temple-nrsimha-palli-navadvipa-godrumadvipa/|access-date=2021-08-08|website=The Gaudiya Treasures of Bengal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Pinakpani|title=English: Narasimha temple of Nrisingapally or Devapally, beside Nabadwip Krishnagar Road, Nadia|date=2021-08-07|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Narasimha_temple_of_Nrisingapally_or_Devapally,_Nadia_08.jpg|access-date=2021-08-08}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Nrisinghadev temple, Subarna Behar}}

[[Category:Narasimha temples]]
[[Category:19th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Nadia district]]

Gujarat Forest Department

2026-01-21T04:12:51Z

RoseKort2620073: added new data

{{Short description|Gujarat state agency}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Gujarat Forest Department
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Gujarat]]
| headquarters = Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| chief1_name = Dr. Rajiv Kumar Gupta, IAS
| chief1_position = Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Head of Forest Force)
| website = [http://forests.gujarat.gov.in/ Official Website]
}}

The '''Gujarat Forest Department''' is the governmental agency responsible for the management and conservation of forests and wildlife in the Indian state of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-11 |title=Gujarat Forest Department begins first phase of 16th Asiatic lions census |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-forest-department-begins-first-phase-of-16th-asiatic-lions-census-9995346/ |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Headquartered in [[Gandhinagar]], the department plays a crucial role in preserving the state's rich biodiversity, promoting afforestation, and implementing sustainable forest management practices.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-17 |title=NGO, Gujarat Forest Dept encourages students from 200 schools to plant 45,000 trees |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/ngo-gujarat-forest-dept-encourages-students-from-200-schools-to-plant-45000-trees/articleshow/102803441.cms |access-date=2024-04-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== History ==
The department traces its origins to the establishment of forest administrations during the British colonial era. Over the years, it has evolved to address contemporary challenges related to [[deforestation]], habitat loss, and wildlife conservation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-10 |title=Gujarat forest department makes life jackets, buoy rings mandatory at Nalsarovar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-forest-department-makes-life-jackets-buoy-rings-mandatory-at-nalsarovar/articleshow/107571078.cms |access-date=2024-04-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-07 |title=Foresters act on HC's concerns about Nalsarovar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/foresters-act-on-hcs-concerns-about-nalsarovar/articleshow/107473965.cms |access-date=2024-04-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Functions and responsibilities ==
The Gujarat Forest Department is tasked with various functions, including:

* Protection and management of forest resources
* Wildlife conservation and habitat restoration <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-12 |title=Don't take selfies with lions: Gujarat forest dept tells tourists |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/dont-selfie-with-lions-gujarat-forest-department-tells-tourists-2848221/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* Promotion of [[afforestation]] and sustainable forest management practices <ref name=":0" />
* Prevention and control of forest fires and illegal logging
* [[Eco-tourism]] development and community engagement initiatives

== Organizational structure ==
The department is headed by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, who oversees a hierarchical structure comprising various divisions, circles, and range offices spread across the state.

== Conservation initiatives ==
Gujarat Forest Department actively participates in conservation initiatives such as the [[Gir Forest National Park|Gir Lion Conservation Project]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Koshy |first=Jacob |date=2025-05-24 |title=Why is a growing lion population a worry as well? {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/why-is-a-growing-lion-population-a-worry-as-well-explained/article69615264.ece |access-date=2025-06-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> which focuses on the protection and welfare of [[Asiatic lion|Asiatic lions]] in the Gir Forest National Park and surrounding areas.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-02 |title=Gujarat Government plans to procure 10 cages for each taluka in South Gujarat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-government-plans-to-procure-10-cages-for-each-taluka-in-south-gujarat/articleshow/106488575.cms |access-date=2024-04-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-27 |title=Flamingo Gujarat's special issue highlights diversity of raptors in state |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/flamingo-gujarats-special-issue-highlights-diversity-of-raptors-in-state-8911147/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Forest Departments of India]]
* [[Gir Forest National Park]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Protected areas of Gujarat| ]]

Green Park metro station

2026-01-18T22:14:21Z

RoseKort2620073: Updated entries and formatting

{{Short description|Metro station in Delhi, India}}
{{Other uses|Green Park station (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|50px]] Green Park
| type = {{Delhi Metro Infobox station line|line=Yellow}}
| style = Delhi Metro
| image = Green Park metro station.jpg
| image_caption =
| address = Green Park, New Delhi, 110016
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Delhi Metro|Yellow|croute}}
| other =
| structure = Underground, [[Double-track railway|Double-track]]
| platform = {{ubl|[[Island platform]]|Platform-1 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Yellow|R}}|Platform-2 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Yellow|L}}}}
| depth =
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking = {{parking symbol}} Available <ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/Parking_Details.aspx| title=Parking Details| website=Delhi Metro Rail}}</ref>
| bicycle =
| opened = {{start date and age|2010|9|3|df=yes}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| accessible = Yes {{Access icon}}
| code = {{#property:P296}}
| status = Staffed, Operational
| owned = [[Delhi Metro]]
| operator = [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]] (DMRC)
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Delhi Metro|line=Yellow|left=AIIMS|right=Hauz Khas}}
| route_map = {{Delhi Metro Yellow Line Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Yellow}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

The '''Green Park''' metro station is located on the [[Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|Yellow Line]] of the [[Delhi Metro]] below [[Aurobindo Marg]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |title=Station Information |access-date=2010-09-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035828/http://delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |archive-date=19 June 2010 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

It serves Green Park Main, [[Yusuf Sarai]] Market and Green Park Extension. It is also a short walk from Aurobindo Place, located on the same road just south of the station. Places like Green Park Market,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timescity.com/blog/market-watch-green-park-south-delhi/# |title=Market Watch: Green Park, Delhi |access-date=23 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223095903/http://timescity.com/blog/market-watch-green-park-south-delhi/# |archive-date=23 December 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Gulmohar Park, Gautam Nagar have access from this metro station only. Restaurants like A2B, Evergreen and the famous National Institute of Fashion Technology can be reached by walk from this metro station.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nift.ac.in/delhi/contactus.html# |title=Contact Us| website=National Institute of Fashion Technology |access-date=23 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223104806/http://www.nift.ac.in/delhi/contactus.html# |archive-date=23 December 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Station layout==
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street Level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/ Entrance
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;"|'''C'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;"|Concourse
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;"|Fare control, station agent, Ticket/token, shops
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=3 valign=top|'''P'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=100|'''Platform 1''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px white;" width=500|Towards → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Yellow|R}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Hauz Khas}} '''''Change at the next station for '''{{rcb|Delhi Metro|Magenta|croute}}''
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Island platform]] | Doors will open on the right {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 2''' '''Northbound'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width="500" |Towards ← {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Yellow|L}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|AIIMS}}
|}

==Entry/exit==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" width="65%"
|-
! align="center" colspan="5" style="background:#{{rcr|Delhi Metro|Yellow}};"| Green Park station Entry/exits
|-
! style="width:15%;"|Gate No-1
! style="width:15%;"|Gate No-2
! style="width:15%;"|Gate No-3
! style="width:15%;"|Gate No-4
|-
| Yusuf Sarai Market|| Siri Fort auditorium, National Institute of Fashion Technology|| Uphaar Cinema ||Gurudwara Sikh Sangat, Green Park
|-
| || || ||
|-
| || || ||
|-
| || || ||
|}

== Connections ==
===Bus===
[[Delhi Transport Corporation]] bus routes number 502, 503, 505, 507CL, 516, 517, 519, 548CL, 605, serves the station from nearby Green Park bus stop.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/DOIT_DTC/dtc/home |title=Department of Delhi Transport Corporation| website=Government of Delhi |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025080536/http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit_dtc/DTC/Home/ |archive-date=25 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://businfo.dimts.in/businfo/Bus_info/SearchBusStop.aspx |title=Search Bus Stop - Bus Information |website=DIMTS |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814201040/http://businfo.dimts.in/businfo/Bus_info/SearchBusStop.aspx |archive-date=14 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=The link leads to a search page with no search criteria entered; readers will not necessarily know what to enter for the search|date=September 2020}}

== See also ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[New Delhi]]
*[[Green Park, Delhi]]
*[[List of Delhi Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Delhi]]
*[[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]
*[[Delhi Suburban Railway]]
*[[Delhi Transport Corporation]]
*[[Central Delhi]]
*[[National Capital Region (India)]]
*[[List of rapid transit systems]]
*[[List of metro systems]]
}}
{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Delhi Metro}}
{{Wikivoyage|Delhi}}
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/ Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/annual_report.aspx/ Delhi Metro Annual Reports]
* {{cite web|title=Station Information |work=Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC) |url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035828/http://delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |archive-date=19 June 2010 |df=dmy-all}}
*{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Green+Park/@28.559533,77.2063862,315m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x390ce26e0cf0b895:0x720a4385a7280328!8m2!3d28.5598225!4d77.2068306|title=Green Park metro station}}

{{Delhi Metro}}
{{Delhi & NCR Metro stations|yellow line=yes}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2010]]
[[Category:Delhi Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in South Delhi district]]
[[Category:2010 establishments in Delhi]]

{{Delhi-metro-stub}}

List of Bengali films of 2016

2026-01-14T09:45:29Z

RoseKort2620073: enhance lead

#REDIRECT [[List of Bengali films]]

Suru River (Indus)

2025-12-23T14:50:41Z

RoseKort2620073: further fixed structure per sources additionally as per guidelines

{{Short description|River in India and Pakistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Suru River
| native_name =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =
| image = Suru River.jpg
| image_size = 290 px
| image_caption = Suru River passing through the town of [[Kargil]]
| map = Suru (rivière).png
| map_size = 280px
| map_caption = Course of the Suru
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]], [[Pakistan]]
| subdivision_type2 = Territory
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ladakh]] (India), [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] (Pakistan)
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kargil district|Kargil]] (India), [[Skardu District|Skardu]] (Pakistan)
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| length = {{convert|185|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|385|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_max =
| source1 = Panzella glacier
| source1_location = [[Pensi La]] [[Kargil district|Kargil]], [[India]]
| source1_coordinates= {{Coord|33.832917|N|76.21861|E|display=inline,title}}
| source1_elevation = {{convert|4555|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth = [[Indus River]]
| mouth_location = [[Marol, Baltistan|Marol]], [[Kharmang District]], [[Pakistan]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|34.746134|N|76.215927|E|display=inline}}
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|2528|m|abbr=on}}
| progression = {{RIndus}}
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}

The '''Suru River''' is a [[tributary]] of the [[Indus River]] that flows largely through the [[Kargil district]] of [[Ladakh]], India, into [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] in [[Pakistan]]. The [[Suru Valley]] is coextensive with the [[Kargil tehsil]], with the town of [[Kargil]] situated on its banks. The river enters the [[Kharmang District]] of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], coursing a brief length before joining the Indus near [[Marol, Baltistan|Marol]].<ref name="suru indus">{{citation |first=Sonam |last=Joldan |title=Relationship between Ladakh and Buddhist Tibet: Pilgrimage and trade |journal=The Tibet Journal |volume=31 |number=3 |date=Autumn 2006 |pages=43–76 |jstor=43300982}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Kargil's Kun and Nun mountain.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nun Kun]] Mountain massif in the distance]]
The Suru River is a {{convert|185|km}} long river, that originates from the Panzella glacier which lies at [[Pensi La]] pass near the [[Drang Drung Glacier]]. The Drang Drung Glacier also gives rise to the [[Stod River]] which flows down in the opposite direction from the Suru. The source of the Suru River lies {{convert|142|km}} south of [[Kargil town]], and {{convert|79|km}} north of [[Zanskar]]. [[Srinagar]], the capital of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] lies {{convert|331|km}} to the west.{{Citation needed|date=October 2012}} The Suru River forms the western and northern boundary of the Zanskar Range.<ref name="zanskar range">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ladakh.com/ladakh-info/rivers|title=Rivers of Ladakh|publisher=ladakh.com|access-date=2012-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902233945/http://www.ladakh.com/ladakh-info/rivers|archive-date=2 September 2012}}</ref> The river flows westwards, along the Kargil-Zanaskar Road, from its source and forms the Suru valley, which is towered by the [[massif]] of [[Nun Kun]] mountain. It drains the Nun Kun mountain massif of the [[Zanskar Range]] in the Suru valley, and is joined by a tributary "Chilling Nala" at the pastures of [[Gulmatango]]. This stream originates from the [[Parkachik Glacier]].<ref name="Suru valley">{{cite book |author=Prem Singh Jina | title=Ladakh: The Land and the People |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjhcZgDy-WMC&dq=Suru+valley&pg=PA16 | access-date=29 August 2012 | year=1996 | publisher=Indus Publishing, 1996 | isbn=978-81-7387-057-6 | page=-16}}</ref> The Suru River then flows northwards through a deep, narrow gorge to [[Kargil town]], where it is fed by the Botkul River which originates from the glacier of the same name.<ref name="suru indus"/> The [[Dras River]], fed by the [[Shingo River]], joins the Suru River at [[Hardas]] (also called Kharal), {{convert|7|km}} north of Kargil town.<ref name="Dras valley">{{cite book | author=Omacanda Hāṇḍā | title=Buddhist Western Himalaya: A politico-religious history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4VuovXa5YUC&dq=dras+river&pg=PA67 | access-date=27 August 2012 | year=2001 | publisher=Indus Publishing, 2001 | isbn=978-81-7387-124-5 | page=-67}}</ref> The Suru River then enters the [[Azad Kashmir|Pakistani Administered Kashmir]] {{convert|5|km}} ahead from the point of merger of Dras and Suru rivers through Post 43 and Post 44 of India and Pakistan respectively and merges with the [[Indus River]] near [[Marol, Baltistan|Marol]].<ref name="suru indus"/><ref name="zanskar range"/>

[[File:Kargil-suru.jpg|thumb|left|Suru River]]
Most part of the river flows within the jurisdiction of [[Kargil district]]. It flows through the towns of Tongul, Suru, Grantung, Goma and Hardas. [[Kargil town]] is the largest city situated on the banks of the Suru River, and also the second largest city in the Ladakh region after [[Leh]]. A branch of the anicient [[Silk Road]] ran alongside the Suru River, connecting Kargil and [[Skardu]]. The road is now closed due to the [[Line of Control]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gaffarakashmir.com/kargil.html|title=Kargil the Suru valley|publisher=gaffarkashmir.com|access-date=2012-08-29|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419140828/http://gaffarakashmir.com/kargil.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Kargil on Suru">{{cite book | author=Sanjeev Kumar Bhasin | title=Amazing Land Ladakh: Places, People, and Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8IZloNzI8BgC&dq=suru+river+joins+indus&pg=PA28 | access-date=28 August 2012 | year=2006 | publisher=Indus Publishing, 2006 | isbn=978-81-7387-186-3 | page=-28}}</ref>

The Suru River has extensive possibilities for rafting and it is practised during the summer. The Suru Valley is the starting point for rafting trips, and it also provides a base for [[mountaineering]] expeditions to the Nun Kun mountain massif.<ref name="rafting on Suru">{{cite book | editor-first1=Yogendra |editor-last1=Bali |editor-first2=R. S. |editor-last2=Somi | title=Incredible Himalayas: Environment, Culture, Tourism, and Adventure |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y5CXbqpzmhIC&dq=rafting+in+suru+river&pg=PA143 | access-date=29 August 2012 | year=2005 | publisher=Indus Publishing, 2005 | isbn=978-81-7387-179-5 | page=-143}}</ref>

Agriculture in Ladakh is scarce due to the dry climate, and is restricted to the river valleys. The Suru valley, formed by the catchment of the Suru River, receives irrigation through the canals of the Suru River. The main crops grown in the valley include [[barley]], [[buckwheat]], [[turnip]]s and [[mustard plant|mustard]].<ref name="agriculture in Suru valley">{{cite book | author=Indu Ramchandani | title=Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEj-2a7pmVMC&dq=agriculture+on+suru+river&pg=PA126 | access-date=29 August 2012 | year=2000 | publisher=Popular Prakashan, 2000 | isbn=978-0-85229-760-5 | page=-126}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons-inline|Suru River}}

{{Ladakh}}
{{Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Rivers of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Indus basin]]

Chak Dewan Lakhimandass

2025-11-27T12:21:54Z

RoseKort2620073:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
''' Chak Dewan Lakhimandass ''' is a village in the tehsil [[Beerwah, Jammu and Kashmir|Beerwah]] of the district [[Budgam]] of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Census of India: Search Details|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=515|access-date=2021-11-08|website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chak Dewan Lakhimandass
| governing_body =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|Union territory]]
| native_name = {{lang|ks|{{nq|چکہٕ دیون لکھمنداس}}}}
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Budgam district|Budgam]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = Beerwah
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = not known.
| named_for =
| government_type = Panchayat
| subdivision_type = Country
| unit_pref = Metric
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Sex Ratio
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=30 May 2021 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 =
| demographics1_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 193401
| registration_plate = JK04
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Villages in Beerwah tehsil]]

Mike Snoei

2025-11-06T18:25:27Z

RoseKort2620073: typo fix

{{short description|Dutch footballer and manager}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Mike Snoei
| image = Mike Snoei (1982).jpg
| caption = Snoei in 1982
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1963|12|4}}<ref name="Goal Profile">{{cite web|title=Mike Snoei|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/people/netherlands/19996/mike-snoei|publisher=Goal|access-date=27 December 2013}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands
| height = 
| position = Defender
| currentclub =
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = [[Feyenoord]]
| years1 = 1981–1982
| clubs1 = [[Feyenoord]]
| caps1 = 1
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 1982–1988
| clubs2 = [[S.B.V. Excelsior|Excelsior]]
| caps2 = 137
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 1988–1993
| clubs3 = [[Sparta Rotterdam]]
| caps3 = 133
| goals3 = 1
| totalcaps = 271
| totalgoals = 1
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 =
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| manageryears1 = 2002–2003
| managerclubs1 = [[Vitesse Arnhem]]
| manageryears2 = 2003–2005
| managerclubs2 = [[Sparta Rotterdam]]
| manageryears3 = 2005–2008
| managerclubs3 = [[Go Ahead Eagles]]
| manageryears4 = 2008–2009
| managerclubs4 = [[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]] (assistant)
| manageryears5 = 2009–2011
| managerclubs5 = [[Umm Salal SC|Umm Salal]] (assistant)
| manageryears6 = 2012
| managerclubs6 = [[Shandong Luneng Taishan F.C.|Shandong Luneng Taishan]] (assistant)
| manageryears7 = 2013–2014
| managerclubs7 = [[Pune FC]]
| manageryears8 = 2015–2017
| managerclubs8 = [[FC Metalurh Zaporizhzhia|Metalurh Zaporizhzhia]] (sporting director)
| manageryears9 = 2017–2019
| managerclubs9 = [[SC Telstar|Telstar]]
| manageryears10 = 2019–2021
| managerclubs10 = [[De Graafschap]]
| manageryears11 = 2022–2024
| managerclubs11 = [[SC Telstar|Telstar]]
| manageryears12 = 2024
| managerclubs12 = [[Trikala F.C.|Trikala]]
}}

'''Mike Snoei''' (born 4 December 1963) is a former Dutch [[association football|football]] player and manager. During his playing days, Snoei played for [[S.B.V. Excelsior|Excelsior]] and [[Sparta Rotterdam]] in the [[Eredivisie]] and [[Eerste Divisie]] from 1982 to 1993. He was a member of the Dutch squad at the [[1983 FIFA World Youth Championship]].

==Playing career==
Born in [[Rotterdam]], Snoei managed to carve out a ten-year playing career in the Netherlands in the top-tier [[Eredivisie]] and second-tier [[Eerste Divisie]].<ref name="Pune FC Signing">{{cite web|title=Pune FC appoints Dutch coach Mike Snoei for next season|url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/pune-fc-appoints-dutch-coach-mike-snoei-for-next-season_761045.html|work=Zee News|access-date=27 December 2013}}</ref> He started his footballing career as a youth with [[Feyenoord]], the biggest club in Rotterdam, before moving to second division side [[S.B.V. Excelsior]].<ref name="Pune FC Signing"/> He stayed with Excelsior for six years from 1982 to 1986 before joining [[Sparta Rotterdam]].<ref name="Pune FC Signing"/> While with Sparta, Snoei played in the Dutch top tier Eredivisie.<ref name="Pune FC Signing"/>

Unfortunately, Snoei had to retire from the game in 1993 due to torn knee ligaments at the age of 29.<ref name="Pune FC Signing"/>

==Coaching career==

===Youth coach: 1993–2002===
Following retirement from professional football, Snoei became a youth coach in the Netherlands, coaching various clubs from 1993 to 1996.<ref name="Pune Profile">{{cite web|title=Mike Snoei|url=http://punefc.com/?coaching-staff=mike-snoei|work=Pune Football Club|access-date=27 December 2013}}</ref> Then in 1996, Snoei joined the [[Vitesse Arnhem|Vitesse]] youth organization where he eventually rose to head coach of the main youth team at the club.<ref name="Pune Profile"/>

===Head coach at Dutch clubs: 2002–2008===
In 2002, Snoei was appointed as the head coach of [[Vitesse Arnhem|Vitesse]] in the [[Eredivisie]].<ref name="Pune Profile"/> After coaching the club for one season, Snoei then moved to [[Sparta Rotterdam]] as head coach from 2003 to 2005 before moving to [[Go Ahead Eagles]] as the head coach in 2005 to 2008.<ref name="Pune Profile"/> While at Sparta and Go Ahead Eagles, Snoei led both clubs to the promotion play-offs for the Eredivisie.<ref name="Pune Profile"/>

===Assistant coaching: 2008–2013===
After leaving Go Ahead Eagles, Snoei left the Netherlands and became the assistant manager to [[Henk ten Cate]] at many clubs including [[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinakos]] from 2008 to 2010, [[Al Ahli Club (Dubai)|Al Ahli]] of the [[UAE Arabian Gulf League]] in 2010, [[Umm Salal SC|Umm Salal]] of the [[Qatar Stars League]] from 2010 to 2011, and then [[Shandong Luneng Taishan F.C.|Shandong Luneng]] of the [[Chinese Super League]] from 2011 to 2012.<ref name="Pune Profile"/>

===Pune and India: 2013–2017===
On 8 May 2013, it was announced that Snoei would be returning to head coaching at [[Pune F.C.]] of the [[I-League]] in India.<ref name="Pune FC Signing"/> The Director of Football at Pune said that "Mike will be a great addition to Pune FC. He brings with him a wealth of experience from the top levels of both European and Asian football. As we continue to invest in our academy and youth teams, Mike will be the perfect fit to develop these players and help the club reach our long term goals".<ref name="Pune FC Signing"/> Snoei also became the fourth Dutch coach to be involved in Indian football after [[Wim Koevermans]] was signed as head coach of the [[India national football team|national team]], [[Rob Baan]] was brought in as the [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]] technical-director, and [[Eelco Schattorie]] was signed on as the head coach of fellow I-League club [[United S.C.|United]].<ref name="Pune FC Signing"/>

Snoei's first signing at the club came on 7 June 2013 when the club signed up [[forward (association football)|forward]] [[Prakash Thorat]] for the upcoming [[2013–14 I-League|2013–14]] season.<ref name=ThoratSigning>{{cite web|title=I-League: Pune FC sign up Prakash Thorat|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-07/i-league/39813909_1_pune-fc-nikhil-kadam-pune-football-club|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224137/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-07/i-league/39813909_1_pune-fc-nikhil-kadam-pune-football-club|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 December 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 November 2013}}</ref> Snoei then led Pune in his first game as head coach on 21 September 2013 against [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]].<ref name="First Match Pune">{{cite web|title=Mohammedan vs. Pune 1 – 3|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/09/21/india/i-league/mohammedan-sporting-club/pune-fc/1585277/|work=Soccerway|access-date=27 December 2013}}</ref> It was a successful debut for Snoei as his side won the match 3–1 thanks to a brace from new signing [[Raúl Fabiani]] and a goal from another new foreign signing [[James Meyer (footballer)|James Meyer]].<ref name="First Match Pune"/> He then coached Pune at home for the first time on 10 October 2013 against [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]].<ref name="First Home Match">{{cite web|title=Pune vs. Mohun Bagan 2 – 0|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/10/10/india/i-league/pune-fc/mohun-bagan-ac/1585300/|work=Soccerway|access-date=27 December 2013}}</ref> Pune won the match 2–0 thanks to goals from academy product [[Thongkhosiem Haokip]] and James Meyer.<ref name="First Home Match"/>

===Back to the Netherlands: 2017–2024===
In 2017, Snoei moved back to the Netherlands as the new manager of [[Eerste Divisie]] club [[SC Telstar|Telstar]]. He left Telstar in 2019 to accept an offer at [[De Graafschap]], which he guided for two seasons.

On 11 June 2022, Telstar announced to have reappointed Snoei as their manager.<ref>{{cite web |title=Telstar presenteert Mike Snoei voor de tweede keer als hoofdtrainer |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/sport/383695105/telstar-presenteert-mike-snoei-voor-de-tweede-keer-als-hoofdtrainer |work=De Telegraaf |access-date=20 June 2022 |language=nl |date=11 June 2022}}</ref> He was dismissed after poor results in February 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Telstar maakt na ontslag Snoei seizoen af met assistenten Correia en Landvreugd |url=https://www.nu.nl/voetbal/6300503/telstar-maakt-na-ontslag-snoei-seizoen-af-met-assistenten-correia-en-landvreugd.html |access-date=9 February 2024 |work=NU |date=6 February 2024 |language=nl}}</ref>

==Approach and philosophy==
After joining [[Pune F.C.]] Snoei said that the approach he wants to take the club in is one where youth development is key to the club's success.<ref name=Approach>{{cite web|title=Mike Snoei stresses on young talent to build Pune FC|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/football/news/210411-mike-snoei-stresses-on-young-talent-to-build-pune-fc|work=NDTV Sports|access-date=27 December 2013}}</ref> After his first press conference as head coach of the club Snoei said "Our main objective is to develop youngsters at the club. In this season, you will see good young players getting a fair chance in the first team. Striking the right balance is of utmost importance".<ref name=Approach/> He also said he would like to incorporate a Dutch style of play into the club.<ref name=Approach/>

==Managerial statistics==
{{updated|30 July 2024}}.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!rowspan=2! width=150|Team
!rowspan=2! width=120|From
!rowspan=2! width=120|To
!colspan=7|Record
|-
!width=40|G
!width=40|W
!width=40|D
!width=40|L
!width=50|Win %
|-
|align=left|[[Pune F.C.|Pune]]
|align=left|8 May 2013
|align=left|30 June 2014
{{WDL|31|8|11|12}}
|-
|align=left|[[SC Telstar|Telstar]]
|align=left|1 July 2017
|align=left|30 June 2019
{{WDL|80|31|19|30}}
|-
|align=left|[[De Graafschap]]
|align=left|1 July 2019
|align=left|19 May 2021
{{WDL|71|41|19|11}}
|-
|align=left|[[SC Telstar|Telstar]]
|align=left|1 July 2022
|align=left|5 February 2024
{{WDL|65|19|15|31}}
|-
!colspan="3"|Total
{{WDLtot|247|99|64|84}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://punefc.com/?coaching-staff=mike-snoei Pune Football Club Profile].

{{Navboxes
| title = Mike Snoei managerial positions
| list1 =
{{SBV Vitesse managers}}
{{Sparta Rotterdam managers}}
{{Go Ahead Eagles managers}}
{{Pune F.C. managers}}
{{SC Telstar managers}}
{{De Graafschap managers}}
{{Trikala F.C. managers}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Snoei, Mike}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Rotterdam]]
[[Category:Feyenoord players]]
[[Category:Excelsior Rotterdam players]]
[[Category:Sparta Rotterdam players]]
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]
[[Category:Eredivisie players]]
[[Category:Eerste Divisie players]]
[[Category:Dutch men's footballers]]
[[Category:Netherlands men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Dutch football managers]]
[[Category:SBV Vitesse managers]]
[[Category:Go Ahead Eagles managers]]
[[Category:Pune FC managers]]
[[Category:SC Telstar managers]]
[[Category:Trikala F.C. managers]]
[[Category:I-League managers]]
[[Category:Eredivisie managers]]
[[Category:Eerste Divisie managers]]
[[Category:Panathinaikos F.C. non-playing staff]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriate football managers]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriate sportspeople in India]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Greece]]
[[Category:Expatriate football managers in India]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch sportsmen]]

Shafique Khan

2025-10-19T07:58:53Z

RoseKort2620073: started

{{Short description|Indian sitarist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix = Ustad
| name = Shafique Khan
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age |1968|06|30}}
| birth_place = [[Dharwad]], India
| genre = [[Hindustani Classical]]
| occupation = Musician, Sitar Player
| website =
}}

'''Shafique Khan''' (born 30 June 1968) is an Indian musician who plays the [[sitar]]. He belongs to the sixth generation of musicians in the family of illustrious [[sitar]] players whose contributing in popularizing [[sitar]] down the Vindhyaas is unparalleled. from the Dharwad Gharana. His father, the late Ustad Abdul Karim Khan was a distinguished sitarist at his time. His grandfather '''Rahimat Khan'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sitarratna.com/rahimat_khan.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209234545/http://sitarratna.com/rahimat_khan.php|url-status=usurped|archive-date=9 December 2013|title=..::Sitar Ratna::..|website=sitarratna.com}}</ref> who was awarded the 'Sitar Ratna' '''Rahimat Khan''' a legendary [[sitar]] artist was a disciple of Ustad bande ali khan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/sound-of-hindustani-music-in-chennai/articleshow/46818303.cms|title=Sound of Hindustani music in Chennai | Chennai News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Shafique Khan had a fortune of long and traditional grooming from young age from his father Ustad Abdul Karim Khan who was head of faculty of instrumental music in [[Karnatak University]] college of music.

== Early life and education ==
Shafique Khan is the younger brother of Ustad Bale Khan <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sitarratna.com/bale_khan.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531025018/http://sitarratna.com/bale_khan.php|url-status=usurped|archive-date=31 May 2016|title=..::Sitar Ratna::..|website=sitarratna.com}}</ref> and [[Chhote Rahimat Khan]] and has a twin brother, [[Rafique Khan]], also a known sitarist and composer,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/sitar-stairway-to-heaven/article3770487.ece|title=Sitar stairway to heaven|first=Neha|last=Mujumdar|date=14 August 2012|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/the-seventh-string-57499|title=The seventh string|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/music-flowed/article3942299.ece|title=Music flowed|first=K. S.|last=Vaishali|date=27 September 2012|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

== Musical style ==
Naturally Shafique Khans's style reflects the finer aspects of [[sitar]] playing of all his mentors. His style that blend of both Gaayaki Ang (Vocal style) and ''Tantakari Ang'' (Instrumental style).

== Achievements ==
Shafique Khan been conferred with '''Surmani''' award by [[Swami Haridas Sangeet Sammelan]] [[Mumbai]]. Kala Vikas Parishat has honoured him by conferring Bharat Ratna Pandit [[Bhimsen Joshi]] National Award in 2016. His Musical sojourn has taken him to [[Germany]] and [[United States]].
[[Sitar]] [[Jugalbandi]] performances with his twin brother [[Rafique Khan]] have won encomium from music lovers.<ref name="auto"/>

== Current position ==
Shafique Khan currently works at [[All India Radio]] as top Grade Artist, [[Dharwad]] [[Karnataka]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160531025018/http://sitarratna.com/bale_khan.php Sitar Nawaz Ustad Bale Khan]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Shafique}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Indian male classical musicians]]
[[Category:Indian sitar players]]
[[Category:People from Dharwad]]
[[Category:Musicians from Karnataka]]

Citizen Action Party – Sikkim

2025-10-08T05:08:27Z

RoseKort2620073: added a pg!

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|name=Citizen Action Party – Sikkim
|eci=[[List of political parties in India#State parties|State party]]
|abbreviation=CAP Sikkim
|foundation=26 January 2023
|ideology=[[Reformism]], [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
|founder=Ganesh Kumar Rai
|leader=[[Ganesh Kumar Rai]]
|Founding President =
|2nd president =
|president=[[Ganesh K. Rai]]
|colorcode=#fcf800
|symbol=[[File:Indian Election Symbol Nagrik.png|100px]]
|website = {{URL|https://www.citizenactionparty.com/}}
}}
The '''Citizen Action Party – Sikkim''' is a political party (registered and recognised regional political party with the [[Election Commission of India]]) in Indian Union. The party being a regional one is active in the Indian state of [[Sikkim]]. The Party was formed in January 2023 after the statewide Sikkim Sudhar Sankalpa Yatra (''Sikkim Reform Resolution journey'') held under banner of Reform Call. Ganesh K Rai, a former Chairman Sikkim Cooperative Union and Panchayat President Mellidara GPU and supporters of former [[Sikkim Democratic Front]] leader [[Ganesh Kumar Rai]] led the reform movement after 2019 election. At its founding, Rai claimed that the party would forgo traditional elements of political parties in Sikkim and would have no party flag, political slogan and finance itself without the use of bank loans. The party claims to be a grassroots movement and to be financed through crowdfunding.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pramod |first=Giri |date=27 January 2023 |title=New party formed in Sikkim, promises to operate through crowd-funding |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/new-party-formed-in-sikkim-promises-to-operate-through-crowdfunding-101674794411955.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

The CAP - Sikkim is focussed on a [[Reformism|reformist]] agenda. In its manifesto for the 2024 state election in Sikkim, it promised to eliminate the state debt of Sikkim within 10 years, to stop investing state funds in the Teesta-IV hydel power project and attract investments to the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election manifesto: CAP promises to make Sikkim debt-free in 10 years, bringing investments worth Rs. 50,000 cr |url=https://m.sikkimexpress.com/article/election-manifesto-cap-promises-to-make-sikkim-debt-free-in-10-years-bringing-investments-worth-rs-50000-cr/93051 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=sikkimexpress.com |language=hi}}</ref> In constitutional matters, the CAP - Sikkim supports reserved seats in the state assembly for minorities and the autonomous status of Sikkim within India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Newsdesk |date=6 April 2024 |title=CAP Intensifies Campaign Across Sikkim For Upcoming General Elections 2024 |url=https://voiceofsikkim.com/cap-intensifies-campaign-across-sikkim-for-upcoming-general-elections-2024/ |work=TVOS}}</ref>

== History ==
The party was formed in January 2023 at [[Melli]]. [[LP Kafley]] Former Chairman Sikkim Cooperative Union became the first president of the party in 23 May through election held by party's Election Council, while Ganesh Kumar Rai became chief coordinator on the day of party's formation. The party received the electoral symbol of a citizen.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 December 2023 |title=ECI allots 'NAGRIK' symbol to Citizen Action Party-Sikkim |url=https://www.sikkimexpress.com/news-details/eci-allots-nagarik-symbol-to-citizen-action-party-sikkim |work=Sikkim Express}}</ref> [[Bharat Basnet]], a Former SPCC President [[Indian National Congress]] politician, became second president of the party in February 2024 after LP Kafley stepped down from his position.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-22 |title=Sikkim: Bharat Basnett CAP's new president |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/sikkim-bharat-basnett-caps-new-president/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=Northeast Live |language=en-US}}</ref>

Bharat Basnet was the MP (Lok Sabha) candidate in the [[2024 Indian general election in Sikkim|2024 Indian general election]], and aligned neither with the ruling [[National Democratic Alliance]] nor the main opposition [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gurung |first=Isabella |date=17 April 2024 |title=Will be a strong voice for Sikkim in Parliament: Basnet |url=https://www.sikkimexpress.com/news-details/will-be-a-strong-voice-for-sikkim-in-parliament-basnet |work=Sikkim Express}}</ref> Bharat Basnet came in second behind with 22% vote share the incumbent [[Indra Hang Subba]].<ref name=":0">[https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywiseresult-S21.htm Result of the Sikkim Lok Sabah constituency]</ref>

The party participated in 30 seats in the [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]] with 3 female and 27 male candidates with Ganesh K Rai as its candidate for [[Chief Minister of Sikkim]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rai |first=Kunal |date=13 April 2024 |title=Ganesh K Rai maintaining a pressing election campaign across Sikkim with call for reforms |url=https://www.sikkimexpress.com/news-details/ganesh-rai-maintaining-a-pressing-election-campaign-across-sikkim-with-call-for-reforms |work=Sikkim Express}}</ref> The party came in third and failed to win any seats.<ref name=":1">Election Commission of India: [https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/partywiseresult-S21.htm Party-wise results for the 2024 Sikkim assembly elections]</ref>

== Election results ==

=== Lok Sabha ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Election
!Party leader
!Seats contested
!Seats won
!Change in Seats
!Overall votes %
!Vote % in Seats contested
!ref
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Sikkim|2024]]
|[[Bharat Basnett]]
|1
|{{Composition bar|0|543|#fcf800}}
|{{Steady}}
|0.01%
|21.71%
|<ref name=":0" />
|}

=== Sikkim Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Party leader
!Seats contested
!Seats won
!Change in Seats
!Overall votes %
!Vote % in Seats contested
!ref
|-
|[[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Ganesh Kumar Rai]]
|30
|{{Composition bar|0|32|#fcf800}}
|{{Steady}}
|6.03%
|
|<ref name=":1" />
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Citizen Action Party - Sikkim}}
[[Category:2023 establishments in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Political parties in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2023]]

Mattu Pongal

2025-09-14T10:29:14Z

RoseKort2620073: New

{{Short description|Tamil festival}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox holiday |
|holiday_name=Mattu Pongal {{lang|ta|மாட்டுப் பொங்கல்}}
|image=
|caption=
|observedby=[[Tamil people]]
|date=Second day of the month of Thai in the [[Tamil calendar]]
|celebrations=Feasting
|longtype=Tamil festival
|significance=Thanksgiving for cattle and farming livestock
|date2018=15 January<ref>[http://www.drikpanchang.com/festivals/pongal/mattu-pongal-date-time.html?year=2018 2018 Mattu Pongal]</ref>
|date2019=16 January<ref>[http://www.drikpanchang.com/festivals/pongal/mattu-pongal-date-time.html?year=2019 2019 Mattu Pongal]</ref>
|date2020=16 January<ref>[http://www.drikpanchang.com/festivals/pongal/mattu-pongal-date-time.html?year=2020 2020 Mattu Pongal]</ref>
}}
'''Mattu Pongal''' is the third day of the four-day [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] festival. According to the Gregorian calendar it is celebrated on 16 January. Though the name of the festival is specific to [[Tamil Nadu]], it is also celebrated in other southern Indian states such as [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]]. Makar Sankranti is a festival that marks the start of northern [[declination]] of the [[Sun]] from the Zodiac sign of [[Sagittarius (astrology)|Sagittarius]] to [[Capricorn (astrology)|Capricorn]], which according to [[Tamil calendar]] usually falls on 14 January.

In Tamil, the word "Mattu" means bull and this day of Pongal is for celebration of cattle, particularly bulls that play a vital role by working hard to help the farmers to raise crops on their fields, falls on the following day, 15 January. The festival is also observed by ethnic [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Tamil]] population of [[Sri Lanka]].<ref name=Tourist>{{Cite book|title=Tourist Guide to Tamil Nadu|year=2010|page=9|accessdate=31 December 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nGxbJqdEQrwC&q=mattu+pongal&pg=PA9|publisher=Sura Books|isbn=978-81-7478-177-2}}</ref><ref name=Bhalla>{{Cite book|last=Bhalla|first=Kartar Singh|title= Let's Know Festivals of India|work=Pongal|page=16|accessdate=31 December 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WORYY5Vl0ygC&q=Mattu+Pongal&pg=PA16|publisher= Star Publications|year=2005|isbn=81-7650-165-4}}</ref><ref name=mattu>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pongalfestival.org/mattu-pongal.html|title=Mattu Pongal|accessdate=26 December 2009}}</ref><ref name=mean>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pongalfestival.org/meaning-significance.html|title= Pongal: Meaning & Significance|accessdate=26 December 2009}}</ref><ref name=Verma>{{Cite book|last=Verma|first=Manish|title= Fasts and festivals of India|work=Pongal|pages=74–75|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4gzFFLdBoYC&q=mattu+pongal&pg=PA75|publisher= Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|year=2000|isbn=81-7182-076-X}}</ref>

The festival day is also a special occasion when the landlord and the peasant, rich and poor, old and young all dine together in a spirit of bonhomie without any restraint of caste and creed. The festival is thus an occasion when the fresh harvests from the fields are shared in the form of food and sweets not only with the community but also with animals and birds. It also represents the change of season.<ref name=mattu/><ref name=Verma/>

An important village sport, called the [[Jallikattu]] or Manji Virattu, an integral part of the Mattu Pongal festival is observed with enthusiasm and expectations in the villages of Tamil Nadu. This sport is held generally in the evening of the Mattu Pongal day. In the past, it was the day when fierce bulls were chased by the village youth to retrieve the money that was tied to the horns of the bulls. In some villages it was held one day after the Mattu Pongal day, on the [[Kaanum Pongal]] day.

==Name and legend==
Mattu Pongal is made up of two Tamil words; "Mattu", meaning 'bull', and "Pongal", literally meaning 'boiled rice' (a rice and lentil dish) but metaphorically meaning prosperity.<ref name =journal>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-cKAAAAIAAJ&q=Mattu+Pongal|title= Journal of social research, Volume 11|work=Mattu pongal|pages=152–153 |accessdate=26 December 2009|publisher= Council of Social and Cultural Research, Bihar, Ranchi University. Dept. of Anthropology, Ranchi, India (City) University Dept. of Anthropology|year=1968}}</ref><ref name=Wilson>{{Cite book|last=Wilson|first=Horace Hayman|author2=Reinhold Rost|author2-link=Reinhold Rost|title=Essays and lectures on the religions of the Hindus, Volume 2|work=Mattu Pongal|pages=170–173|accessdate=26 December 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0P5DAAAAYAAJ&q=Mattu+Pongal&pg=PA172|publisher= Trüber & Co|year= 1862}}</ref> The Pongal festival also represents celebration of "fertility and renewal" and is observed either for three days or four-days, after the end of the monsoon season and rice (paddy) crop is harvested.<ref name=Bartock>{{Cite book|last=Bartok|first=Mira |author2=Esther Grisham |author3=Christine Ronan|title= South India|work=Fesivals|page=18|accessdate=1 January 2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2quHoPeIL_AC&q=mattu+pongal&pg=PT18|publisher= Good Year Books|year=1997|isbn=0-673-36359-7}}</ref>

==Observance==

[[File:Pongal street decorations.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Kolam]] drawing on Mattu Pongal day]]

Observance of Mattu Pongal is part of the Pongal festival. Pongal is generally a four-day festival of fervent celebrations (during 2010, it was held from 13 to 16 January) marking the officially declared Tamil New Year day, the beginning of the month of ''Thai'' starting with 14 January every year, as per [[Tamil Calendar]]. The first day is called ''Bhogi'' – the last day of [[Dhanurmas]] (month of [[Sagittarius (astrology)|Sagittarius]]), a preparatory day before the Pongal and is in honour of god [[Indra]], the king of heaven. On this day it is spring cleaning, as people decorate their homes, buy new vessels and burn old and unwanted items. [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]], the main festival, also called the ''Perum Pongal'' (big festival), is the second day when the Sun is worshipped signifying the first day of the month of Makara or Capricornus. It is celebrated as [[Makara Sankranti]] or simply "Sankranti" in the rest of the country. This is followed by the 'Mattu Pongal' celebration on the third day when bulls, cows and other farm animals are worshipped. The fourth day is the 'Kannum Pongal' or 'Kanru Pongal' (Calf Pongal) festival when calves are fed. However, the name 'Kannum' also denotes that on this day people visit elders in the villages or towns seeking their blessings.<ref name=Tourist/><ref name = Bhalla/><ref name=house>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/pressrelease/archives/pr2009/pr150109/pongal_celebration_TN_House.pdf|title= Pongal and Tamil – New Year Celebrations|accessdate=26 December 2009|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu}}</ref>

On each of the four days festival, [[Kolam]] or threshold drawings are drawn with coloured rice powder or chalk powder, in the front yard of the houses, after due washing of the yard. On the first day images of rice are drawn, on the second day good luck signs of Sun are drawn and the Mattu Pongal day Kolam depicts cows also.<ref name="Bartock"/>

[[File:Preparation of Pongal.jpg|thumb|250px|Pongal food offering in pots]]

On all four days, Shiva's consort [[Parvati]] and their son [[Ganesha]] are worshipped and the Pongal – the rice preparation – is offered to them in the [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] and thereafter to the cattle. The neck of the pot in which Pongal rice is prepared is tied with fresh turmeric leaves and pieces of sugarcane. Ingredients cooked in the pot consist of rice, green gram and milk. While cooking, the overflow of milk is particularly observed as it has significance to the householder. If the milk over flows on the right side of the pot, it is considered an auspicious augury.<ref name= Jagannathan>{{Cite book|last= Jagannathan|first= Maithily|title= South Indian Hindu festivals and traditions|work=Pongal|page=141|accessdate=1 January 2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcIrkKUJH9QC&q=Mattu+Pongal&pg=RA1-PA141|publisher= Abhinav Publications|year=2005|isbn=81-7017-415-5}}</ref> Sometimes, an image of Ganesha is crafted with cow-dung. This crafted Ganesha is then bedecked with arugampul (kind of grass), thumbai (white flowers) and avaram (yellow flowers). The pongal cooked in mud pots are placed on the floor where a Kolam is drawn and skirted with red sand. Then, pongal-rice along with turmeric, ginger, sugar cane, yellow garlands and a stick that is used to drive the bulls are also placed as offering to Ganesha.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

In some practices, Pongal is celebrated for three days with Kannum Pongal or Kannu Pongal observed concurrently with the Mattu Pongal. Sisters symbolically offer small part of the rice dishes prepared for the festival or coloured balls of cooked rice to crows and other birds such as sparrows, as a special prayer for the well-being of their brothers. While making this offering to crows, they call out with words in Tamil, ‘Kakai Ku Pudi, Kuruvi Ku Pudi’, which literally means "this rice ball is for the crow, this rice ball is for the sparrow."<ref name="mean"/><ref name= Jagannathan/><ref name="Wilson p.171">Wilson p.171</ref>

On the Mattu Pongal day, cattle are washed, their horns painted and decorated with shining metal caps. Multi-coloured beads, tinkling bells, sheaves of corn and flower garlands are tied around their necks. Turmeric and kumkum are also devotionally put on the foreheads of the cattle.<ref name = Bhalla/> The cow–keepers dressed in their regale sprinkle the cattle with saffron water with mango leaves with prayers to protect them from evil and shout the popular slogan of the festival, "பொங்கலோ பொங்கல்!" ("Pongaloo Pongal!"). This prayer is a special wish for the progressive prosperity and growth of the cattle population, with the blessings of Indra and [[Krishna]] (Gopala), who was a cowherd. Devotees pay their respect to cows by bending down, like praying in a temple, and touching their feet and foreheads, followed by an [[aarti]] (showing camphor flame to the object of praise) and offering the cattle [[Prasad (food offering)|prasad]] (food offering, in this case is called Sakkar Pongal – a delicacy cooked of rice, moong dal (green gram) with [[jaggery]] and dry fruits). The cattle are taken in a procession, attended by bands of music, through the village streets to a public space in the village. The resounding of their bells attracts the villagers as the young men race each other's cattle. Then the entire atmosphere becomes festive and full of fun and revelry. Big commotion is seen when the game "Jallikattu" or "Manji Virattu" starts in which groups of young men chase the running bulls.<ref name=Bhalla/><ref name=Verma/>

==Jallikattu==
{{Main article|Jallikattu}}

[[File:Bullriding-India-PONGAL festival-Tamiword25.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Jallikattu]] – A bull riding village sport as part of Mattu Pongal celebration]]

[[Jallikattu]] ({{literally}} bull embracing) initially was a bull taming village sport held in the afternoon or evening of the Mattu Pongal celebrations. This sport was popular in the southern part of Tamil Nadu, particularly in [[Madurai]], [[Tiruchirapalli]] and [[Tanjavur]]. On this day, the bulls, which were worshipped and fed during the day, their horns were tied with bundles of money in the form of coins or notes. The young boys chased such bulls, lassoed them and retrieved the money tied to the horn. If they failed the bulls ran away and were seen only the next morning. But this was a milder form of the sport which was seen in most villages in Tamil Nadu 500 years back.<ref name=Tourist/><ref name=Bhalla/> This traditional sport changed during the Nayaka rule in Tamil Nadu From a harmless bull-chasing sport it got transformed into the present form of Jallikattu, which is a bloodier bull-wrestling sport that takes place now in villages throughout Tamil Nadu, to celebrate Mattu Pongal.<ref name=Hindu>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2008/01/17/stories/2008011759090900.htm|title=Bull chasing, an ancient Tamil tradition|accessdate=1 January 2010|work=The Hindu|date=17 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110165403/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2008/01/17/stories/2008011759090900.htm|archive-date=10 January 2009|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Jallikattu, as an ancient sport of Tamil Nadu, has been corroborated from rock paintings of 'bull chasing sport' discovered on massive rock surfaces at Karikkiyur in [[Nilgiris]] in Tamil Nadu, which are dated between 2,000 B.C. and 1,500 B.C.<ref name=Hindu/>

The jallikattu events that are held now are in a well organised manner by bull owners and the youthful village men. In the present form, prizes are offered to the bull fighters and the bull owners. The bull fight is held, at a central location in the village where people assemble in large numbers to witness the fight. It is held in an enclosure with a {{convert|30|ft|m}} marker. The bulls that are specially trained for this occasion are then led from the pen to the ring to fight, one by one, when young boys of the village grab the bull by its horn or neck or tail and try to hold on to it. If the boys are thrown off or hurt seriously within the ring no prize is given to them. If they hold on or even thrown off but are not in any way injured then the prize is given to them. If the contesting young men hold on to the bull from the marker entrance of the pen then they are given prizes. If the bulls win, then the prizes go to the bull owners. It is said that in some villages as many as 600 bulls, 600 participants and 10,000 spectators participate. The fight between man and the bull is quite fierce and many times bloody. It is considered a heroic act on the part of the young men. The young participants show off their heroism by displaying the number of cuts they have suffered during such fights. This type of fight is said to be akin to the bull fights of Spain.<ref name=Hindu/> However, in this case, the fight is to win prizes by holding on to the bulls’ neck or horn. The bull is never killed, however many boys get killed by goring by the bull since they fight with their bare hands and with confidence of their strength. In many instances, the audiences watching the fight have also been injured by the ferocious bulls. In recent years, there have been deaths of young boys during this festival, which has created a furore among the public. In one year, there was a report of death of as many as 20 young men, apart from mauling and trampling of spectators.<ref name=ring>{{cite news|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/03/22/travel/21webletter.html?pagewanted=1|title= Ringing in the New Year by Wrestling Bulls|accessdate=1 January 2010|work=The New York Times|date=22 March 2007 | first=Daniel | last=Grushkin}}</ref><ref name=fight>{{cite news|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/03/22/travel/21webletter.html?pagewanted=2|title= Ringing in the New Year by Wrestling Bulls|accessdate=1 January 2010|work = The New York Times|date=22 March 2007 | first=Daniel | last=Grushkin}}</ref>

As result of deaths of young men, the Supreme Court was approached to stop this festival, as it was considered inhuman and dangerous. The plea made was that the Jallikattu was "backward, dangerous, a violation of animals’ rights and detrimental to India's modernizing image." The stoppage of the festival, however, resulted in protests by the villagers who wanted this sport to continue. Finally, on assurances given by the State government that enough security and safety arrangements would be provided at all such sports locations in the villages, Jallikattu has been permitted to be observed as part of the Mattu Pongal festival. As a result of court's intervention, doctors are ready at call to attend to injured young men or boys. A two tier high bamboo fencing is also erected between the bull ring and the audience who come to witness the fight in large numbers.<ref name=fight/>

==Similarities in other religions==
Studies on similarities in the holding of Hindu seasonal festivals, particularly in South India, which are termed pre-historic, with those of Christianity in Europe, indicate that such similarities may not be coincidental.<ref name="Robertson">{{Cite book|last= Robertson|first= John M.|title= Christianity and Mythology|work=Christ and Krishna|accessdate=31 December 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=usGxKc9gMNwC&q=Mattu+Pongal&pg=PA178|publisher= Kessinger Publishing|year=2004|isbn=0-7661-8768-3}}</ref> The winter solstice is the date of Sun entering [[Capricornus|Capricorn]] in both the traditions that coincides with Makara Sankranti (called Uttarayana meaning the return of the luminary to the northern region), the first day of the new year starting with the month [[Magha (month)|Magha]] according to the Hindu [[Tamil calendar]]. This corresponds to 21 December per Christian date and is called the sign of the Goat, while the same happens in mid-January according to Hindu calendar. Makara Sankranti is celebrated among the Hindus for three days, with Mattu Pongal (feast of cattle) held the day after Sun entering Capricorn. (There is a slight variation in dates followed for the festival, varying from year to year, but the essence of observing Makara Sankranti is the same among Hindus). Worship of cattle by Hindus during Mattu Pongal has a striking similarity with the [[Catholic]] function held on 17 January in Rome as [[Anthony the Great|Saint Anthony]] day, when cattle (the cows, horses, goats, asses and so forth) are blessed. Wilson has allegorically given an analogy:<ref name="Robertson pp.178-179">Robertson pp.178–179</ref>
<blockquote>
The time of the year, the decorating of the cattle, the sprinkling of them with water, and the very purport of the blessing, that they may be exempt from evils, are so decidedly Indian, that could a Dravira Brahmin be set down of a sudden in the Piazza, and when he asked what ceremony he witnessed, there can be no doubt of his answer; he would at once declare they were celebrating the Pongal.</blockquote>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{HinduFestivals}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Tamil festivals]]
[[Category:January observances]]
[[Category:Food and drink festivals in India]]
[[Category:Festivals in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Harvest festivals in India]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in Sri Lanka]]

Indian Telly Award for Best Anchor

2025-09-10T01:04:50Z

RoseKort2620073: general reworked article per standard format and updated info

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox award
| name = [[Indian Telly Awards|Indian Telly Award]] for Best Anchor | image = Arjun-Bijlani-snapped-for-Khatron-Ke-Khiladi-finale-3.jpg
|image_size =
| image_upright =
| caption = The 2023 recipient: [[Arjun Bijlani]]
| awarded_for =
| presenter = [http://www.indiantelevision.com IndianTelevision.com]
| country = [[India]]
| year = 2002
| holder = [[Arjun Bijlani]] for [[Ravivaar With Star Parivaar]]
| website = [http://www.indiantellyawards.com Indian Telly Awards]
}}

'''Indian Telly Award for Best Anchor''' is an [[award]] given by [http://www.indiantelevision.com Indiantelevision.com] as part of its annual [[Indian Telly Awards]] for TV serials, to recognize a person who has hosted a television reality show and been appreciated by the Indian audience.

==Superlatives==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|- style="height:4.5em;"
! style="width:350px;"|[[wikt:superlative|Superlative]]
! colspan="2" style="width:600px;"|Best Anchor
|- style="height:4.5em;"
| style="width:350px;"|Artiste with most awards
| style="width:500px;"|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]
[[Manish Paul]]
| style="width:100px;"|3
|- style="height:4.5em;"
|Artiste with most nominations
| style="width:500px;"|[[Amitabh Bachchan]] [[Salman Khan]]
[[Manish Paul]]
| style="width:100px;"|4
|- style="height:4.5em;"
|Artiste with most nominations (without ever winning)
| style="width:500px;"|[[Aman Verma (actor)|Aman Verma]] [[Karan Johar]] [[Jay Bhanushali]]
| style="width:100px;"|3
|- style="height:4.5em;"
|}

== List of winners (Popular)==

===2000s===
*'''2001''' ''Not Awarded''
*'''2002''' '''[[Amitabh Bachchan]]''' – '''''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]''''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2002 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k2/winners.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025256/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k2/winners.htm|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2002 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k2/personality.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016115836/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k2/personality.htm|archive-date=2013-10-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Annu Kapoor]] – ''Closeup Antakshari''
**[[Harsha Bhogle]] – ''Harsha Online''
**[[Aman Verma (actor)|Aman Verma]] – ''[[Khullja Sim Sim]]''
**[[Jaaved Jaffrey]] – ''[[Boogie Woogie (Indian TV series)|Boogie Woogie]]''
**[[Sonali Bendre]] – ''Kya Masti Kya Dhoom''
**[[Sachin Pilgaonkar]] – ''Chalti Ka Naam Antakshari''
**[[Karan Thapar]] – ''Face To Face India''
*'''2003''' '''[[Farooque Shaikh]]''' – '''''[[Jeena Isi Ka Naam Hai]]''''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2003 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/winners.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915081219/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/winners.htm|archive-date=2018-09-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2003 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/pop_nominee.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016115839/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/pop_nominee.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Aman Verma (actor)|Aman Verma]] – ''[[Khullja Sim Sim]]''
**[[Simi Garewal]] – ''Rendezvous with Simi Garewal''
**[[Annu Kapoor]] – ''Antakshari''
**[[Pallavi Joshi]] – ''Antakshari''
**[[Rajat Sharma]] – ''Aaj Ki Baat''
*'''2004''' '''[[Shekhar Suman]]''' – '''''[[Shekhar Suman|Carry On Shekhar]]''''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2004 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/winners_pop.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-date=2018-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917175611/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/winners_pop.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2004 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/nominee.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016123453/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k4/nominee.htm|archive-date=2013-10-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Farooque Shaikh]] – ''[[Jeena Isi Ka Naam Hai]]''
**[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] – ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Hindi|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]]''
**[[Karan Thapar]] – ''Court Martial''
**[[Barkha Dutt]] – ''Various shows on NDTV 24x7''
*'''2005''' '''[[Amitabh Bachchan]]''' – '''''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati|Kaun Banega Crorepati 2]]''''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2005 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/winners.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917175616/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/winners.htm|archive-date=2018-09-17|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2005 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/pop_nom.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025305/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k5/pop_nom.htm|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Karan Johar]] – ''[[Koffee with Karan]]''
**[[Pooja Bedi]] – ''Just Pooja''
**[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] – ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Hindi|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]]''
**[[Aman Verma (actor)|Aman Verma]] & [[Mini Mathur]] – ''[[Indian Idol 1]]''
*'''2006''' '''[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]''' – '''''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2005]]''''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2006 Popular Awards winners|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/nov/nov296.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-date=2006-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205121438/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/nov/nov296.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2006 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k6/nominees.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213148/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k6/nominees.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Anuradha Menon|Lola Kutty]] – ''Lola TV''
**[[Pooja Bedi]] – ''Just Pooja''
**[[Ravi Behl]] & Naved Jaffery – ''[[Boogie Woogie (Indian TV series)|Boogie Woogie]]''
**[[Barkha Dutt]] – ''We The People''
*'''2007''' '''[[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]]''' – '''''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati|Kaun Banega Crorepati 3]]''''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2007 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/winners-list.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722173647/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/winners-list.htm|archive-date=2012-07-22|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2007 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/popular07.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-date=2018-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911073650/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k7/popular07.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Aditya Narayan]] – ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007]]''
**[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] – ''[[Amul Star Voice of India]]''
**[[Karan Johar]] – ''[[Koffee with Karan|Koffee with Karan 2]]''
**[[Anuradha Menon|Lola Kutty]] – ''Lola TV''
*'''2008''' '''[[Salman Khan]]''' – '''''[[Dus Ka Dum]]''''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2008 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k8/winners2008.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911083458/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k8/winners2008.htm|archive-date=2018-09-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2008 video|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7w1y1_31-december-indian-telly-awards-200_shortfilms}}</ref>
**[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] – ''[[Amul Star Voice of India]]''
**[[Ravi Behl]] & Naved Jaffery – ''[[Boogie Woogie (Indian TV series)|Boogie Woogie]]''
**[[Karan Singh Grover]] & [[Shweta Gulati]] – ''[[Zara Nachke Dikha]]''
**[[Akshay Kumar]] – ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi]]''
**[[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]] – ''[[Kya Aap Paanchvi Pass Se Tez Hain?]]''
*'''2009''' '''[[Rajeev Khandelwal]]''' – '''''[[Sacch Ka Saamna]]''''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2009 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/winners/winners.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211052223/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/winners/winners.htm|archive-date=2012-02-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2009 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/nomination/nominee_list.htm|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115061924/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k9/nomination/nominee_list.htm|archive-date=2016-01-15|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Kiran Bedi]] – ''[[Aap Ki Kachehri]]''
**[[Salman Khan]] – ''[[Dus Ka Dum|Dus Ka Dum 2]]''
**[[Akshay Kumar]] – ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi]]''
**[[Farhan Akhtar]] – ''[[Oye! It's Friday!]]''

=== 2010s===

*'''2010''' '''[[Ravi Behl]]''' & '''[[Boogie Woogie (Indian TV series)|Naved Jaffery]]''' – '''''[[Boogie Woogie (Indian TV series)|Boogie Woogie]]''''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2010 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k10/winners.php|access-date=2013-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016040245/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k10/winners.php|archive-date=2013-10-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[Manish Paul]] – ''[[Dance India Dance Li'l Masters]]''
**[[Jay Bhanushali]] & [[Saumya Tandon]] – ''[[Dance India Dance (season 2)]]''
**[[Hussain Kuwajerwala]] – ''[[Indian Idol 5]]''
**[[Ronit Roy]] – ''Kitchen Champion''
*'''2011''' '''No Award'''
*'''2012''' '''[[Amitabh Bachchan]]''' – '''''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati|Kaun Banega Crorepati 5]]''''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2012 Popular Awards winners |url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k11/poll/winners.php |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702115232/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k11/poll/winners.php |archivedate=2 July 2012 }}</ref>
**[[Ayushman Khurana]] – ''[[Just Dance (Indian TV series)|Just Dance]]''
**[[Jay Bhanushali]] & [[Saumya Tandon]] – ''[[Dance India Dance (season 3)]]''
**[[Karan Johar]] – ''[[Koffee with Karan|Koffee with Karan 3]]''
**[[Priety Zinta]] – ''[[Guinness World Records – Ab India Todega|Guinness World Records- Ab India Todega]]''
*'''2013''' '''[[Manish Paul]]''' – '''''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6]]''''' <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2013 Popular Awards winners |url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k13/poll/winners.php#PO4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425010425/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k13/poll/winners.php |archivedate=2015-04-25 }}</ref>
**[[Anup Soni]] – ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]''
**[[Salman Khan]] – ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 6)|Bigg Boss 6]]''
**[[Aamir Khan]] – ''[[Satyamev Jayate (TV series)|Satyamev Jayate]]''
**[[Amitabh Bachchan]] – ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati|Kaun Banega Crorepati 6]]''
*'''2014''' '''[[Manish Paul]]''' & '''[[Kapil Sharma (comedian)|Kapil Sharma]]''' – '''''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Season 7]]'''''<ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2014 Popular Awards nominees and winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/nominees/winners|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420095547/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/tellyawards/nominees/winners|archivedate=2016-04-20}}</ref>
**[[Jay Bhanushali]] – ''[[Dance India Dance#Dance India Dance Super Mom|Dance India Dance Super Mom]]''
**[[Karan Wahi]] & [[Gautam Rode]] – ''[[Nach Baliye|Nach Baliye 6]]''
**[[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]]- ''[[MTV Roadies (season 11)|MTV Roadies X1 – Ride For Respect]]''
**[[Salman Khan]] – ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 7)|Bigg Boss 7]]''
**[[Rohit Shetty]] – ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi (season 5)]]''
*'''2019''' '''[[Manish Paul]]''' – [[Indian Idol]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-telly-awards-2019-winners-list-divyanka-tripathi-hina-khan-nakuul-mehta-5636869/|title=Indian Telly Awards 2019: Complete list of winners|date=2019-03-21|website=The Indian Express|language=en|access-date=2019-09-09}}</ref>
**2021 [[Aditya Narayan]] – [[Indian Idol|Indian Idol 12]]
**[[Rohit Shetty]] – [[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11]]
**[[Ranveer Singh]] – [[The Big Picture (quiz show)|The Big Picture]]
**[[Rithvik Dhanjani]] & [[Paritosh Tripathi]] – [[Super Dancer|Super Dancer 4]]
**[[Salman Khan]] – [[Bigg Boss|Bigg Boss 15]]
**[[Raghav Juyal]] – [[Dance Deewane|Dance Deewane 3]]
**[[Raghav Juyal]] – Dance+6

=== 2020s===

*'''2023''' '''[[Arjun Bijlani]]''' – [[Ravivaar With Star Parivaar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Telly Award Best Anchor}}
{{Indian Telly Awards}}

[[Category:Indian Telly Awards]]

Tuzech Mi Geet Gaat Aahe

2025-09-06T11:34:22Z

RoseKort2620073: stub!

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = TMGGA.jpeg
| image_size =
| genre = [[Family drama]]
| related = ''[[Potol Kumar Gaanwala]]''
| writer = Chetan Saidane Anil Deshmukh
| director = Kedar Vaidya
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| composer = [[Nilesh Moharir]] Pankaj Padghan [[Kaushal Inamdar]] [[Avinash-Vishwajeet]] [[Rohan-Rohan]] Chinar-Mahesh
| theme_music_composer = [[Avdhoot Gupte]]
| open_theme = "Tuzech Mi Geet Gaat Aahe" by [[Aarya Ambekar]]
| voices = Swara Bansode [[Swapnil Bandodkar]] Hrishikesh Ranade Saurabh Salunke [[Kaushal Inamdar]]
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| num_episodes = 579
| producer = Sarita Tejendra Neswankar
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = Trrump Carrd Production
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| network = [[Star Pravah]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2022|05|02|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2024|06|16|df=y}}
}}

'''''Tuzech Mi Geet Gaat Aahe''''' ({{translation|''I Am Singing Your Song''}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] television series directed by Kedar Vaidya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-07 |title=उर्मिला कोठारेचं १२ वर्षांनंतर छोट्या पडद्यावर कमबॅक, 'तुझेच मी गीत गात आहे' मालिका लवकरच स्टार प्रवाहवर प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/television/marathi-actress-urmila-kothare-new-serial-tujhech-me-geet-gat-ahe-on-star-pravah-680108.html |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref> It premiered on 2 May 2022 on [[Star Pravah]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘मुलगी झाली हो’ मालिका बंद होणार? वाचा, वाहिनीने काय केला खुलासा |url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/marathi-serial-mulgi-zhali-ho-is-to-end-soon-star-pravah-clarify-a590/amp/ |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref> It stars Avani Taywade, [[Abhijeet Khandkekar]], [[Priya Marathe|Priya Marathe-Moghe]] and [[Urmila Kothare]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-23 |title='तुझेच मी गीत गात आहे' मध्ये दिसणार 'ही' स्टार किड्स, साकरणार महत्त्वाची भूमिका |url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/tuzech-mi-geet-gaat-aahe-avnee-joshi-play-the-important-roll-of-avni-taywade-sister-sp-694270.html |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=[[News18 Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Malhar Kamat, a promising singer, falls in love with Vaidehi, a simple village girl. Their secret marriage takes a twist when Malhar is compelled to choose between his passion for music and Vaidehi. Regrettably, he opts for music, abandoning Vaidehi, and later marries the wealthy Monika Rajadhyaksha, unaware of Vaidehi's pregnancy.

Monika gives birth to Pihu, a spoiled youngster, while Vaidehi welcomes Swara into the world. Pihu's behavior contrasts sharply with Swara, who inherits her father's love for music. Vaidehi faces hardship, living with her unsupportive brother Niranjan and sister-in-law Shyamala. Swara, an ardent fan of Malhar, meets him, but tragedy strikes when Vaidehi passes away after a car accident.

Devastated, Swara, dressed up as a boy, reaches Malhar's family, earning their admiration for her musical talent. Vijay and Kshama, Malhar's brother and sister-in-law, decide to adopt Swara. However, Monika exposes Swara's true identity, creating tension. Shyamala, realizing her mistakes, joins the Malhar's city household as a housemaid, earning Swara's recognition and support.

The storyline unfolds with Swara navigating life in this new home, navigating complex relationships, including the evolving dynamic between Swara and Pihu. As Swara and Malhar grow closer, the revelation of their familial connection brings a new layer of complexity. Swara and Pihu's relationship also deepens, creating a compelling narrative of family, music, and intertwined destinies.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Avani Taywade as Swara Kamat – Malhar and Vaidehi's daughter; Monika's step-daughter; Pihu's step-sister
* [[Abhijeet Khandkekar]] as Malhar Kamat – A famous musician and singer; Seema's younger son; Vijay's brother; Vaidehi's ex-husband; Monika's husband; Swara's father; Pihu's step-father
* [[Urmila Kothare]] as Vaidehi Gattewad Kamat – Niranjan's sister; Manjula's twin sister; Malhar's ex-wife; Swara's mother; Manjula Satarkar (fake identity)
** Manjula Gattewad - Niranjan's sister; Vaidehi's twin sister (dead)

=== Recurring ===
* [[Priya Marathe|Priya Marathe-Moghe]] / [[Tejaswini Lonari]] as Monika Rajadhyaksha Kamat – Vikram and Eela's daughter; Malhar's wife; Pihu's mother; Swara's step-mother; Shubhankar's ex-girlfriend (Dead)
* Avanee Joshi as Priya "Pihu" Kamat – Shubhankar and Monika's daughter; Malhar's step-daughter; Swara's step-sister
* [[Hardeek Joshi]] as Shubhankar (Sunny) Thakur – Monika's ex-boyfriend; Pihu's father
* [[Vikram Gokhale]] as Pandit Mukund Narayan
* [[Usha Naik]] as Sagunabai Satarkar - Manjula's adoptive mother
* Sachin Deshpande as Vijay Kamat – Seema's elder son; Malhar's brother; Kshama's husband
* Pallavi Vaidya as Kshama Kamat – Vijay's wife
* Kanchan Gupte as Seema Kamat – Vijay and Malhar's mother; Swara's grandmother; Pihu's step-grandmother
* Umesh Bane as Niranjan Gattewad – Vaidehi and Manjula's brother; Shyamala's husband
* Deepti Joshi as Shyamala Gattewad – Niranjan's wife
* [[Shailesh Datar]] as Vikram Rajadhyaksha – Eela's husband; Monika's father; Pihu's grandfather
* Sunila Karambelkar / Shubha Godbole as Eela Rajadhyaksha – Vikram's wife; Monika's mother; Pihu's grandmother
* Dhanashri Bhalekar as Suhani – Monika's friend
* [[Vanita Kharat]] as Ranjana
* Abhijeet Kelkar as Sahebrao

== Production ==
=== Casting ===
[[Abhijeet Khandkekar]] selected for the role of Malhar Kamat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-22 |title='तुझेच मी गीत गात आहे' मालिकेत 'हा' लोकप्रिय अभिनेता दिसणार मुख्य भूमिकेत |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/television/this-popular-marathi-actor-is-in-lead-role-in-tujhech-me-geet-gaat-aahe-with-urmila-kothare-692399.html |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref> [[Urmila Kothare]] selected for the role of Vaidehi. Avani Taywade made debut role as Swara. [[Priya Marathe]] also featured in the series.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Priya Marathe to feature in a pivotal role in Tuzech Mi Geet Gaat Aahe - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/priya-marathe-to-feature-in-a-pivotal-role-in-tujhech-me-geet-gaat-aahe/articleshow/91047066.cms |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin-right: 0;"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:20%;"| Language
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:24%;"| Title
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:13%;"| Original release
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:16%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:13%;"| Last aired
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:16%;"| Notes
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| ''[[Potol Kumar Gaanwala]]'' পটল কুমার গানওয়ালা
| 14 December 2015
| [[Star Jalsha]]
| 10 September 2017
| Original
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''[[Vanambadi (TV series)|Vanambadi]]'' വാനമ്പാടി
| 30 January 2017
| [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|18 September 2020
| rowspan="5" |Remake
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''[[Mouna Raagam (Tamil TV series)|Mouna Raagam]]'' மௌன ராகம்
| 24 April 2017
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 17 March 2023
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| ''[[Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala]]'' कुल्फ़ी कुमार बाजेवाला
| 19 March 2018
| [[StarPlus]]
| 7 February 2020
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''Tuzech Mi Geet Gaat Aahe'' तुझेच मी गीत गात आहे
| 2 May 2022
| [[Star Pravah]]
| 16 June 2024
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''[[Namma Lacchi]]'' ನಮ್ಮ ಲಚ್ಚಿ
| 6 February 2023
| [[Star Suvarna]]
| 6 April 2024
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt27121302}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/tujhech-mi-geet-gaat-aahe/1260099868 ''Tuzech Mi Geet Gaat Aahe''] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Star Pravah original programming]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:2020s Indian television series]]

Chang Lo

2025-08-27T20:59:37Z

RoseKort2620073: fixed page per standard format and fixed typos

{{short description|Indian ceremonial dance}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
'''Chang Lo''' dance is performed by Chang tribe of [[Nagaland]]. They perform it to celebrate their victory against enemies. It is a three-day festival where drama is also performed.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://dance.anantagroup.com/changlo-sua-lua-dance/
|title=Changlo-Sua Lua Dance
|work=Indian Classical, Folk, & Tribal Dance
|date=14 March 2012
|publisher=Ananta Hospitality
|accessdate=2012-11-09
}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web
|url=http://www.webonautics.com/ethnicindia/dances/folk_dances1.html
|title=Folk Dances
|publisher=
|accessdate=
}}

[[Category:Culture of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Indian folk dances]]

{{india-dance-stub}}

Ekkirala Krishnamacharya

2025-08-26T21:16:51Z

RoseKort2620073: added stub!

{{Short description|Indian writer and philosopher}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}

{{Family name hatnote|Ekkirala|lang=Telugu}}{{Infobox person
| name = Ekkirala Krishnamacharya
| native_name = ఎక్కిరాల కృష్ణమాచార్య
| image = MasterEK in meeting.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1926|08|11}}
| birth_place = [[Bapatla]], [[Guntur district]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[India]] (now in [[Andhra Pradesh]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1984|03|17|1926|08|11}}<ref name="andhrapatrika"/>
| death_place =
| spouse = Appamma
| education = Ph.D in Telugu literature
| occupation = University lecturer, spiritual guru, writer
| relatives = [[Ekkirala Bharadwaja]] (younger brother)
| other_names = Master EK
}}
'''Ekkirala Krishnamacharya''' (11 August 1926 – 17 March 1984) was an Indian spiritual guru, university lecturer, homeopathy practitioner, and writer from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is also called as '''Master E.K.''' by his disciples.<ref name="Sushama">{{cite book |last1=Londhe |first1=Sushama |title=A Tribute to Hinduism: Thoughts and Wisdom Spanning Continents and Time about India and Her Culture |year=2008 |publisher=Pragun Publication |isbn=978-81-89920-66-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3AMAQAAMAAJ&q=Ekkirala+Krishnamacharya |access-date=21 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Born in a family of Vedic scholar, he completed his education in literature, and worked as a lecturer in [[Andhra University]]. He also used to practice [[homeopathy]] and established over 100 free dispensaries to serve the poor. He was the founder of the [[World Teacher Trust]] in 1971.

== Biography ==
Krishnamacharya was born on 11 August 1926<ref>{{cite news |title=Master EK's birth anniversary today |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/master-eks-birth-anniversary-today/article2345370.ece |access-date=23 April 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=11 August 2011 |language=en-IN}}</ref> in [[Bapatla]], [[Madras Presidency]] of [[India]] (now in [[Andhra Pradesh]]). His father Ekkirala Ananthacharya was a [[Vedic scholar]], and [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] doctor. His mother Bucchamma was a house wife. He is the eldest son among four children. He lost his mother when he was 13 years old. He had three younger brothers. His father did not send any of his children to formal school. He felt modern education limit their creative potential and make them automatons.<ref name=":0" />

Krishnamacharya studied vedas and their intricacies under the guidance of his father. At the age of just five years, he was able to convince some members of Brahma samaj, who visited their father, about the existence of god in the temples. He used to write poetry from his childhood. His poetry got accolades from the [[Jnanpith Award]] winning Telugu poet [[Viswanatha Satyanarayana]]. After his school education, he got admitted into a university for postgraduate studies in literature. He used to rigorously practice [[Gayatri Mantra]] on weekends when there were no classes.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Parvathi |first1=Kumar |url=https://worldteachertrust.org/_media/pdf/en/master_ek.pdf |title=Master E.K. - The New Age Teacher |isbn=9788189467166 |language=en |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>

After his collegiate education, Krishnamacharya was appointed as a lecturer of Telugu in a college in Guntur. He constantly had visions of a personality whenever he sits for chanting of Gayatri Mantra. He later found him to be [[Master C. V. V.]] whom he accepted as his spiritual Guru.

Krishnamacharya established many spiritual centers in India, and western Europe. He also started schools, and homeopathic dispensaries in India where the poor is treated for free.<ref name="gurudutt">{{cite book |last1=Dutt |first1=Guru |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29oDEAAAQBAJ&dq=Ekkirala+Krishnamacharya&pg=PT211 |title=Life with the Teacher of Teachers |date=20 October 2020 |publisher=Prowess Publishing |isbn=978-1-5457-5329-3 |language=en |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> He has also inspired his followers to serve the needy.<ref name="Madhu Gopal">{{cite news |last1=Gopal |first1=B. Madhu |date=12 April 2012 |title=Treading the path shown by Master EK |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/treading-the-path-shown-by-master-ek/article3305940.ece |access-date=23 April 2021 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref> He had disciples from India and other countries as well.<ref name="andhrapatrika">{{cite news |date=17 March 1984 |title=ఎక్కిరాల కృష్ణమాచార్యుల మృతి |url=https://www.pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=12375 |access-date=23 April 2021 |work=ఆంధ్రపత్రిక |archive-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423084300/https://www.pressacademyarchives.ap.nic.in/newspaperframe.aspx?bookid=12375 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Krishnamacharya started the Theosophy related [[World Teacher Trust]] (WTT) on 18 November 1971 in [[Visakhapatnam]].<ref name="TheHansIndia">{{cite news |date=11 January 2018 |title=World Teacher Trust to celebrate Gurupujotsavam |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2018-01-11/World-Teacher-Trust-to-celebrate-Gurupujotsavam/351382 |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> WTT combines ideas from [[Theosophical Society of India|Theosophical society]] related to the ideas of [[Alice Bailey]] with a strong emphasis on homeopathic medicine. Within the group, he was known as "Master E. K."<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Introvigne |first=Massimo |author-link=Massimo Introvigne |title=Millennialism, Persecution, and Violence: Historical Cases |title-link=Millennialism, Persecution, and Violence |publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-8156-0599-7 |editor-last=Wessinger |editor-first=Catherine |editor-link=Catherine Wessinger |language=en |chapter=The Magic of Death: The Suicides of the Solar Temple |p=145}}</ref> The WTT was promoted in Europe by [[Luc Jouret]] and his wife Christine Pertué, though they later fell out of contact with the organization following Krishnamacharya's death.<ref name=":1" />
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://masterek.org/ Website dedicated to Master EK and his teachings]
* [https://worldteachertrust.org/en/web/wtt Website of ''World Teacher Trust'' Founded by Ekkirala Krishnamacharya]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnamacharya, Ekkirala}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:People from Guntur district]]
[[Category:Indian spiritual teachers]]

Anjena Kirti

2025-08-23T01:12:23Z

RoseKort2620073: adding...

{{short description|Indian actress and model|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Indian name|Anjena|Kirti}}
{{Infobox actor
| name = Anjena Kirti
| birth_date = 11 February 1990<ref>{{cite web |title=Anjena Kirti – Wishing herself a Happy Birthday |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BfDdyDfFE7K/?hl=en |via=Instagram |access-date=9 September 2022 |archive-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909123032/https://www.instagram.com/p/BfDdyDfFE7K/?hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Madras]], Tamil Nadu
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|model}}
| years_active = 2014–present
}}
'''Anjena Kirti''' is an Indian actress and model, who predominantly works in the Tamil film industry. Anjena was born and raised in Chennai, she was an international airline crew member in [[Etihad Airways]]. She left her airline crew job to pursue a career in acting.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-07 |title=Actress Anjena Kirti Photoshoot 01 – allcinemanews.com |url=https://allcinemanews.com/actress-gallery/actress-anjena-kirti-photoshoot-01/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207192722/https://allcinemanews.com/actress-gallery/actress-anjena-kirti-photoshoot-01/ |archive-date=2017-02-07 |access-date=2022-09-09 }}</ref>

==Career==
Debuting in 2014 Tamil comedy ''[[Azhagiya Pandipuram]]'' directed by N. Rayan as the lead, Anjena entered the Tamil film industry. However, the first film she shot for was ''Vetri Kondaan'', a romantic thriller which failed to release. Her subsequent releases were ''[[Thiranthidu Seese]]'' (2015) with [[Sai Dhanshika]] and Anjena Kirti playing the female leads, followed by the film [[Andhadhi (film)|''Andhadhi'']] as Anjana. She was then in a children's 3D film shot entirely in Japan, ''[[Jambulingam 3D]]'' (2016),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-17 |title=When Anjena Kirti almost got lost in Japan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/when-anjena-kirti-almost-got-lost-in-japan/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909120455/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/when-anjena-kirti-almost-got-lost-in-japan/ |url-status=live }}</ref> directed by Hari and Hareesh. Anjena then starred in [[Chennai 600028 II|''Chennai'' ''600028 II'']], directed by [[Venkat Prabhu]], where she played a north Indian girl paired opposite [[Vijay Vasanth]]. Her next release was ''Yaagan'', where she paired opposite a newcomer, Sajan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=2017-03-26 |title=Anjena Kirti's tryst with farming |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/260317/anjena-kirtis-tryst-with-farming.html |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185456/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/260317/anjena-kirtis-tryst-with-farming.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Her next films were ''[[Vadacurry]]'' director Saravana Raja's ''[[RK Nagar (film)|RK Nagar]]'', which released on Netflix in 2019. Anjena plays a north Chennai girl named Kamatchi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/rk-nagar-movie-review-netflix-6385328/|title=R K Nagar movie review: Derailed by poor writing|date=30 April 2020|access-date=28 June 2023|archive-date=28 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628052429/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/rk-nagar-movie-review-netflix-6385328/|url-status=live}}</ref> Anjena later in 2021 played the Muslim bride Zarina Begum in the time loop Tamil film ''[[Maanaadu]]''.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

==Filmography==
*''All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
|2014||''[[Azhagiya Pandipuram]]''|| Deepika ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Thiranthidu Seese]]'' || Dhivya ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Andhadhi (film)|Andhadhi]]'' || Anjana ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016 || ''[[Jumbulingam 3D]]'' || Irene ||
|-
| ''[[Chennai 600028 II]]'' || Poonam ||
|-
| 2018 || ''Yaagan'' || Prabha ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[RK Nagar (film)|RK Nagar]]''|| Kamatchi ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Maanaadu]] '' || Zarina Begum ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2022 || ''[[Manmadha Leelai (2022 film)|Manmadha Leelai]]'' || Model || Cameo Appearance
|-
| ''[[Coffee with Kadhal]]''|| Kathir's ex-girlfriend || Cameo Appearance
|-
|2024 || ''[[The Greatest of All Time]]''|| Juvenile warden || Cameo Appearance
|-
|2025 || ''Aram Sei''|| ||
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Streaming Network
!Notes
|-
|2021
|''[[Live Telecast]]''
|Deepa
|[[Hotstar]]
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Victim (web series)|Victim]] ''
|Anjena
|[[SonyLIV]]
|
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm7114114}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anjena Kirti}}
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Female models from Chennai]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:1990 births]]

Kishor Kanani

2025-08-06T17:12:28Z

RoseKort2620073:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''Kishor Kanani''' (born 1962)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kishor Kanani (Kumar)(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- VARACHHA ROAD(SURAT) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=5449 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]]. He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from [[Varachha Road Assembly constituency|Varachha Road]] Assembly constituency in [[Surat district]]. He won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title=Varachha Road Election Result 2022 LIVE: Kishor Kanani (Kumar) of BJP wins by over 16,000 votes - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/varachha-road-election-result-2022-live-check-winner-losers-vote-margin-news-update-15340131.htm |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Varachha Road Gujarat Assembly Election Result 2022 HIGHLIGHTS: BJPs Kishor Kanani wins by over 16,000 votes in close contest with AAP |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/varachha-gujarat-assembly-election-2022-result-live-updates-vidhan-sabha-chunav-kishor-kanani-kumar-alpesh-kathiriya-prafulbhai-togadiya-papanbhai-bjp-aap-congress-2545420 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Kanani is from [[Varachha]], Surat district, Gujarat. He is the son of Shivabhai Kanani. He studied Class 9 and Shri D.C. Kothari Secondary School, Varachha road, Surat and passed the examinations in 1977. Later, he discontinued his studies. HIs wife is a private teacher and also does embroidery work.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Kanani won from [[Varachha Road Assembly constituency]] representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. He polled 67,206 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Alpesh Kathiriya of [[Aam Aadmi Party]], by a margin of 16,834 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS06161.htm?ac=161 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131163003/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS06161.htm?ac=161 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=results.eci.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kishor Kanani (Kumar) in Gujarat Assembly Elections 2022 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/gujarat/kishor-kanani-(kumar)-varachha-road-candidate-s06a161c04/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-12-08 |title=Varachha Road Election 2022 Final Results Live: Bjp Candidate Kishorbhai Kanani (kumar) Wins From Varachha Road , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/varachha-road-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-gujarat-assembly-election-result-news-1568326 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> He first became an MLA winning the [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] defeating his closest rival by a margin of 13,998 votes.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanani, Kisor}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Surat district]]