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Subtle body

2026-05-29T13:38:19Z

RosariaE70: made stub

{{Short description|Quasi material aspect of the human body}}
{{other uses}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
[[File:Sapta Chakra, 1899 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|The subtle body in Indian mysticism, from a [[yoga]] manuscript in [[Braj Bhasa]] language, 1899. A row of [[chakra]]s is depicted from the base of the spine up to the crown of the head.]]

A '''subtle body''' is a "quasi material"{{sfn|Samuel|Johnston|2013}} aspect of the human body, being neither solely physical nor solely spiritual, according to various [[Western esotericism|esoteric]], [[occultism|occult]], and [[mysticism|mystical]] teachings. The subtle body is important in the [[Taoism]] of China and [[Indian religions]] such as [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], and [[Jainism]], mainly in the branches that focus on [[tantra]] and [[yoga]], where it is known as the ''Sūkṣma-śarīra'' ({{langx|sa|सूक्ष्म शरीर}}).{{sfn|Samuel|Johnston|2013}}

Subtle body concepts and practices can be identified as early as 2nd century BCE in [[Taoist]] texts found in the [[Mawangdui]] tombs.{{sfn|Samuel|Johnston|2013}} It was "evidently present"{{sfn|Samuel|Johnston|2013}} in Indian thought as early as the 4th to 1st century BCE when the [[Taittiriya Upanishad]] described the [[Panchakosha]]s, a series of five interpenetrating sheaths of the body.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017}} A fully formed subtle body theory did not develop in India until the [[tantra|tantric]] movement that affected all its religions in the Middle Ages.{{sfn|Samuel|Johnston|2013}} In [[Indo-Tibetan Buddhism]], the correlation of the subtle body to the physical body is viewed differently according to school, lineage and scholar, but for [[completion stage]] in yoga, it is visualised within the body.<ref name="Shrīmālā | Tibetan Medicine, Buddhism & Astrology | London 2020">{{cite web | title=Tibetan Medicine and the Subtle Anatomy - Tibetan Medicine, Buddhism & Astrology - London | website=Shrīmālā {{!}} Tibetan Medicine, Buddhism & Astrology {{!}} London | date=11 January 2020 | url=https://www.shrimala.com/blog/tibetan-medicine-and-the-subtle-anatomy | access-date=2 April 2021}}</ref> The subtle body consists of focal points, often called [[chakra]]s, connected by channels, often called [[Nadi (yoga)|nadis]], that convey subtle breath, often called [[prana]]. Through breathing and other exercises, a practitioner may direct the subtle breath to achieve [[Siddhi|supernormal powers]], [[immortality]], or [[Moksha|liberation]].

Subtle body in the Western tradition is called the ''[[body of light]]''. The concept derives from the philosophy of [[Plato]]: the word 'astral' means 'of the stars'; thus the [[Astral plane#History|astral plane]] consists of the [[Seven Heavens]] of the [[classical planet]]s. [[Neoplatonism|Neoplatonists]] Porphyry and Proclus elaborated on Plato's description of the starry nature of the human psyche. Throughout the [[Renaissance]], philosophers and alchemists, healers including [[Paracelsus]] and his students, and [[natural science|natural scientists]] such as [[John Dee]], continued to discuss the nature of the astral world intermediate between earth and the divine. The concept of the astral body or body of light was adopted by 19th and 20th-century [[ceremonial magic]]ians.

The [[Theosophy]] movement was the first to translate the Sanskrit term as 'subtle body', although their use of the term is quite different from Indic usage as they synthesize Western and Eastern traditions. This makes the term problematic for modern scholars, especially as the Theosophist view often influences [[New Age]] and [[holistic medicine]] perspectives.{{sfn|Samuel|Johnston|2013}} Western scientists have started to explore the subtle body concept in research on meditation.<ref name="Loizzo 2016"/>

==Asian religions==
The [[Yoga|Yogic]], [[tantra|Tantric]] and other systems of [[Hinduism]], [[Vajrayana|Vajrayana Buddhism]], as well as Chinese [[Taoist alchemy]] contain theories of subtle physiology with focal points ([[chakra]]s, [[acupuncture points]]) connected by a series of channels ([[Nadi (yoga)|nadis]], [[Meridian (Chinese medicine)|meridians]]) that convey subtle breath ([[prana]], vayu, [[Qi|ch'i, ki]], [[lung (Tibetan Buddhism)|lung]]). These invisible channels and points are understood to determine the characteristics of the visible physical form. By understanding and mastering the subtlest levels of reality one gains mastery over the physical realm. Through breathing and other exercises, the practitioner aims to manipulate and direct the flow of subtle breath, to achieve supernormal powers ''([[siddhi]]s)'' and attain higher [[Altered state of consciousness|states of consciousness]], [[immortality]], or [[Moksha|liberation]].{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=171–184}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Pregadio |first=Fabrizio |url=https://www.goldenelixir.com/press/occ_03_jindan_history.html |title=The Way of the Golden Elixir: A Historical Overview of Taoist Alchemy |publisher=Golden Elixir Press |year=2012 |format=PDF, 60 pp., free download}}</ref>

=== Hinduism ===
[[File:SahajaSubtleSystem.svg|thumb|An illustration of a subtle body system of seven [[chakra]]s connected by three major [[Nadi (yoga)|nadi]] channels, as commonly adopted by contemporary yoga]]
{{Further|Three Bodies Doctrine|Kosha|Chakra|Nadi (yoga)}}

==== Early ====
Early concepts of the subtle body ([[Sanskrit]]: ''sūkṣma śarīra'') appeared in the [[Upanishads]], including the ''[[Brhadaranyaka Upanishad]]'' and the ''[[Katha Upanishad]]''.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=173-174}} The ''[[Taittiriya Upanishad]]'' describes the theory of five [[kosha]]s or sheaths, though these are not to be thought of as concentric layers, but interpenetrating at successive levels of subtlety:{{sfn|Samuel|2013|p=33}}{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=184}}

* The ''anna-maya'' ("food body", physical body, the grossest level),
* The ''prana-maya'' (body made of vital breath or [[prana]]),
* The ''mano-maya'' (body made of mind),
* The ''[[Vijñāna|vijñana]]-maya'' (body made of consciousness)
* The ''ananda-maya'' (bliss body, the subtlest level).

Subtle internal anatomy included a central channel ([[Nadi (yoga)|nadi]]).{{sfn|Samuel|2013|p=33}} Later Vedic texts called [[samhita]]s and [[brahmana]]s contain a theory of five "winds" or "breaths" (''vayus, [[prana]]s''):{{sfn|Samuel|2013|p=33}}

* ''Prāṇa'', associated with inhalation
* ''Uḍāna'', associated with exhalation
* ''Vyāna'', associated with distribution of breath within the body
* ''Samāna'', associated with digestion
* ''Apāna'', associated with excretion of waste

==== Later ====
A millennium later, these concepts were adapted and refined by various spiritual traditions. The similar concept of the {{IAST|Liṅga Śarīra}} is seen as the vehicle of consciousness in later [[Samkhya]], [[Vedanta]], and [[Yoga]], and is propelled by past-life tendencies, or ''[[bhava]]s''.{{sfn|Larson|2005|p=242}} Linga can be translated as "characteristic mark" or "impermanence" and the Vedanta term [[Sarira (Vedanta)|sarira]] as "form" or "mould".<ref>Purucker, Gottfried. ''The Occult Glossary''</ref> ''Karana'' or "instrument" is a synonymous term. In the Classical Samkhya system of [[Isvarakrsna]] (ca. 4th century CE), the ''Lińga'' is the characteristic mark of the transmigrating entity. It consists of twenty-five [[tattva]]s from eternal consciousness down to the five organs of sense, five of activity (''buddindriya'' or ''jñānendriya'', and ''karmendriya'' respectively) and the five subtle elements that are the objects of sense (''[[tanmatras]]'') The ''Samkhyakarika'' says:{{sfn|Larson|2005|p=268}}

{{Blockquote|The subtle body (''linga''), previously arisen, unconfined, constant, inclusive of the great one (''mahat'') etc, through the subtle elements, not having enjoyment, transmigrates, (because of) being endowed with ''bhavas'' ("conditions" or "dispositions").

As a picture (does) not (exist) without a support, or as a shadow (does) not (exist) without a post and so forth; so too the instrument (''linga'' or ''karana'') does not exist without that which is specific (i.e., a subtle body).|''Samkhyakarika'', 60–81{{sfn|Larson|2005|p=268}}}}

The classical [[Vedanta]] tradition developed the theory of the five bodies into the theory of the [[kosha]]s "sheaths" or "coverings" which surround and obscure the self ([[Ātman (Hinduism)|atman]]). In classical Vedanta these are seen as obstacles to realization and traditions like Shankara's [[Advaita Vedanta]] had little interest in working with the subtle body.{{sfn|Samuel|2013|pp=34, 37}}

==== Tantra ====
In [[Tantra]] traditions meanwhile ([[Shaivism|Shaiva]] [[Kaula (Hinduism)|Kaula]], [[Kashmir Shaivism]] and Buddhist [[Vajrayana]]), the subtle body was seen in a more positive light, offering potential for yogic practices which could lead to liberation.{{sfn|Samuel|2013|p=34}} Tantric traditions contain the most complex theories of the subtle body, with sophisticated descriptions of energy [[Nadi (yoga)|nadis]] (literally "stream or river", channels through which ''vayu'' and ''prana'' flows) and [[chakra]]s, points of focus where nadis meet.{{sfn|Samuel|2013|pp=38–39}}

The main channels, shared by both Hindu and Buddhist systems, but visualised entirely differently, are the central (in Hindu systems: ''[[sushumna]]''; in Buddhist: ''avadhuti''), left and right (in Hindu systems: ''ida'' and ''pingala''; Buddhist: ''lalana'' and ''rasana'').{{sfn|Samuel|2013|p=39}} Further subsidiary channels are said to radiate outwards from the chakras, where the main channels meet.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=172–174}}

Chakra systems vary with the tantra; the ''[[Netra Tantra]]'' describes six chakras, the ''Kaulajñana-nirnaya'' describes eight, and the ''Kubjikamata Tantra'' describes seven (the most widely known set).{{sfn|Samuel|2013|p=40}}{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=175–178}}

In the [[Dzogchen]] tradition of [[Tibetan Buddhism]], the subtle body takes a different form. More specifically, the tradition points to four particular areas with concentration of [[Energy (esotericism)|bodily energy]] – viz. the heart (''tsitta''), where the enlightened energy resides; the "luminous channels" (''‘od rtsa''), through which the energy flows; the skull (''dung khang''), where it spreads before finally being released through the fourth hot-spot, namely the eyes (''tsakshu'' / ''briguta'').<ref name="Geisshuesler"/>{{rp|63}} Flavio Geisshuesler, who has studied the functioning of the Dzogchen subtle body in the context of the practice of [[sky-gazing (Dzogchen)|sky-gazing]], argues that many of the specific motifs that appear in the tradition's conception of the body are of pre-Buddhist origin. More specifically, he notes that the Dzogchen body's motifs of "deer-hearts, silk-channels, buffalo-horns, or far-reaching lassos [...] reproduce the terminology of the hunting of animalistic vitality as if internalizing the quest for precious substances."<ref name="Geisshuesler">{{cite book | last=Geisshuesler | first=Flavio | title=Tibetan Sky-Gazing Meditation and the Pre-History of Great Perfection Buddhism | date=2024 | location=London | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing | isbn=978-1-350-42881-2 | url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/tibetan-skygazing-meditation-and-the-prehistory-of-great-perfection-buddhism-9781350428812/ | page=5}}</ref>

==== Modern ====

The modern Indian spiritual teacher [[Meher Baba]] stated that the subtle body "is the vehicle of desires and vital forces". He held that the subtle body is one of three bodies with which the soul must cease to identify with in order to realize God.<ref>{{cite book |author=Baba, Meher |author-link=Meher Baba |year=1967 |title=Discourses, volume 2 |location=San Francisco |publisher=Sufism Reoriented |pages=144–145 |isbn=978-1880619094}}</ref>

===Buddhism===
{{further|Luminous mind|Illusory body}}
[[File:Chakras and energy channels 2 (3749594497).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|A Tibetan illustration of the subtle body showing the central channel and two side channels connecting five chakras]]

In [[Buddhist Tantra]], the subtle body is termed the "innate body" ({{Transliteration|sa|IAST|nija-deha}}) or the "uncommon means body" (''asadhdrana-upayadeha''),<ref name="Wayman 1977">{{cite book |author=Wayman, Alex |title=Yoga of the Guhyasamajatantra: The arcane lore of forty verses : a Buddhist Tantra commentary |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1977 |page=65}}</ref> or {{Transliteration|sa|IAST|sūkṣma śarīra}}, rendered in Tibetan as ''traway-lu'' (transliterated ''phra ba’i lus'').<ref>{{cite web |author=Miller, Lama Willa B. |title=Reviews: Investigating the Subtle Body |date=12 November 2013 |url=https://www.lionsroar.com/reviews-investigating-the-subtle-body/ |access-date=2018-03-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319151239/https://www.lionsroar.com/reviews-investigating-the-subtle-body/ |archive-date=19 March 2018 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The subtle body is sometimes known as {{Transliteration|sa|IAST|manomaya-kāya}}, the “body made of mind” and is the means for synchronising the body and the mind, particularly during meditation.{{sfn|Simmer-Brown|2002|p=169}}

The subtle body consists of thousands of subtle energy channels ([[nadis]]), which are conduits for energies or "winds" ([[Lung (Tibetan Buddhism)|lung]] or [[prana]]) and converge at [[chakras]].<ref name="Wayman 1977"/> According to Dagsay Tulku Rinpoche, there are three main channels (''nadis''), central, left and right, which run from the point between the eyebrows up to the crown chakra, and down through all seven chakras to a point two inches below the navel.<ref>{{cite book |author=Dagsay Tulku Rinpoche |title=The Practice of Tibetan Meditation: Exercises, Visualizations, and Mantras for Health and Well-being |publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co |year=2002 |page=80 |isbn=978-0892819034}}</ref>

Lati Rinbochay describes the subtle body as consisting of 72,000 channels, various winds, plus a white and a red drop whilst a further, very subtle body is wind abiding in a drop at the centre of the heart ([[Anahata]]/अनाहत) chakra. The central channel is then described as being squeezed by two channels that encircle it at each chakra and thrice at the heart chakra, ensuring the winds do not move upward or downward until death.<ref name="Rinbochay 1985 p. ">{{cite book | last=Rinbochay | first=L. H. J. | title=Death, Intermediate State, and Rebirth in Tibetan Buddhism | publisher=Snow Lion Publications | year=1985 | isbn=978-1-55939-756-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEZZwXn25QUC | access-date=1 March 2021 | page=}}</ref>

Buddhist tantras generally describe four or five chakras in the shape of a lotus with varying petals. For example, the [[Hevajra Tantra]] (8th century) states:

<blockquote>In the Center [i.e. chakra] of Creation [at the sexual organ] a sixty-four petal lotus. In the Center of Essential Nature [at the heart] an eight petal lotus. In the Center of Enjoyment [at the throat] a sixteen petal lotus. In the Center of Great Bliss [at the top of the head] a thirty-two petal lotus.{{sfn|Samuel|2013|p=40}}</blockquote>

In contrast, the historically later [[Kalachakra|Kalachakra tantra]] describes six chakras.{{sfn|Samuel|2013|p=40}}

In [[Vajrayana]] Buddhism, liberation is achieved through subtle body processes during [[Deity yoga|Completion Stage]] practices such as the [[Six Yogas of Naropa]].{{sfn|Samuel|2013|p=38}}

=== Other traditions ===
Other spiritual traditions teach about a mystical or divine body, such as "the most sacred body" (''wujud al-aqdas'') and "true and genuine body" (''jism asli haqiqi'') in [[Sufism]], the [[Meridian (Chinese medicine)|meridian system]] in [[Religion in China|Chinese religion]], and "the immortal body" (''soma athanaton'') in [[Hermeticism]].{{sfn|White|2018}} [[Alawites]], [[Druze]] and [[Ismailism|Ismailis]] all use the term "Nūranī," referring to a subtle body [[Body of light|made of light]], from the [[Nūr Muḥammadī]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Prager |first=Laila |date=2013-01-11 |title=Alawi Ziyāra Tradition |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/muwo.12000 |journal=The Muslim World |language=en |volume=103 |issue=1 |pages=41–61 |doi=10.1111/muwo.12000 |issn=0027-4909|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhJGTguH87E |title=7- Subtle Body, Divine Attributes, and the Inner Universe - What is soul? 03242021 |date=2025-07-19 |last=Ismaili Knowledge Wisdom |access-date=2026-04-16 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

== Western esoteric tradition ==
{{main|Body of light}}

The ''body of light'' is elaborated on according to various [[Western esotericism|Western esoteric]], [[occult]], and [[mysticism|mystical]] teachings. Other terms used for this body include ''body of glory'',{{sfn|Behun|2010}} ''spirit-body'', ''radiant body'',{{sfn|Mead|1919}} ''luciform body'', ''augoeides'' ('radiant'), ''astroeides'' ('starry' or 'sidereal body'), and ''celestial body''.{{sfn|Mead|1919|pp=34-35}}

The concept derives from the philosophy of [[Plato]]: the word 'astral' means 'of the stars'; thus the [[Astral plane#History|astral plane]] consists of the [[Seven Heavens]] of the [[classical planet]]s. The idea is rooted in common worldwide religious accounts of the [[afterlife]]{{sfn|Miller|1995|p={{page needed|date=January 2022}}}} in which the [[Soul (spirit)|soul's]] journey or "ascent" is described in such terms as "an ecstatic, mystical or out-of body experience, wherein the spiritual traveller leaves the physical body and travels in their body of light into 'higher' realms."{{sfn|Woolger|n.d.}}

[[Neoplatonism|Neoplatonists]] Porphyry and Proclus elaborated on Plato's description of the starry nature of the human psyche. Throughout the [[Renaissance]], philosophers and alchemists, healers including [[Paracelsus]] and his students, and [[natural science|natural scientists]] such as [[John Dee]], continued to discuss the nature of the astral world intermediate between earth and the divine. The concept of the astral body or body of light was adopted by 19th-century [[ceremonial magic]]ian [[Éliphas Lévi]], [[Florence Farr]] and the magicians of the [[Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn]], including [[Aleister Crowley]].

== Western syncretic tradition ==
{{see also|Astral body}}
[[File:Cosmicman.jpg|thumb|100px|The subtle body and the cosmic man, Nepal 1600s]]

=== Theosophy ===
In the 19th century, [[H. P. Blavatsky]] founded the esoteric religious system of [[Theosophy (Blavatskian)|Theosophy]], which attempted to restate Hindu and Buddhist philosophy for the Western world.{{sfn|Samuel|2013|pp=1-3}} She adopted the phrase "subtle body" as the English equivalent of the Vedantic ''sūkṣmaśarīra'', which in [[Adi Shankara]]'s writings was one of three bodies (physical, subtle, and causal). Geoffrey Samuel notes that theosophical use of these terms by Blavatsky and later authors, especially [[C. W. Leadbeater]], [[Annie Besant]] and [[Rudolf Steiner]] (who went on to found [[Anthroposophy]]), has made them "problematic"{{sfn|Samuel|2013|pp=1-3}} to modern scholars, since the Theosophists adapted the terms as they expanded their ideas based on "psychic and clairvoyant insights", changing their meaning from what they had in their original context in India.{{sfn|Samuel|2013|pp=1-3}}


=== Post-theosophists ===
The later theosophical arrangement was taken up by [[Alice Bailey]], and from there found its way into the [[New Age]] worldview<ref name="Johnston 2002">{{cite journal |last1=Johnston |first1=Jay |title=The "Theosophic Glance": Fluid Ontologies, Subtle Bodies and Intuitive Vision |journal=Australian Religion Studies Review |date=2002 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=101–117 |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/ARSR/article/view/8979}}</ref> and the human [[Aura (paranormal)|aura]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Hammer |first=Olav |title=Claiming Knowledge: Strategies of Epistemology from Theosophy to the New Age |year=2001 |publisher=Brill |isbn=900413638X |page=55}}</ref> Other authors treated the subtle body in varying ways. [[Max Heindel]] divided the subtle body into the [[Etheric body|vital body]] made of Ether; the desire body, related to the [[astral plane]]; and the [[mental body]].{{sfn|Heindel|1911}} [[Barbara Brennan]]'s account of the subtle bodies in her books ''Hands of Light'' and ''Light Emerging'' refers to the subtle bodies as "layers" in the "human energy field" or aura.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dale |first1=Cyndi |title=Energetic Anatomy: A Complete Guide to the Human Energy Fields and Etheric Bodies |date=11 October 2016 |url=https://www.consciouslifestylemag.com/human-energy-field-aura/ |publisher=Conscious Lifestyle magazine |access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref>

=== Fourth Way ===
Subtle bodies are found in the "[[Fourth Way]]" teachings of [[Gurdjieff]] and [[Ouspensky]], who write that one can create a subtle body, and hence achieve post-mortem immortality, through spiritual or yogic exercises. The "soul" in these systems is not something one is born with, but developed through esoteric practice to acquire complete understanding and to perfect the self. According to the historian Bernice Rosenthal, "In Gurdjieff's cosmology our nature is tripartite and is composed of the physical (planetary), emotional (astral) and mental (spiritual) bodies; in each person one of these three bodies ultimately achieves dominance."<ref name="Rosenthal 1997"/> The "divine body" represents a fourth way, and the ultimate task of the teachings is to harmoniously develop the four ways into a single way.<ref name="Rosenthal 1997">{{cite book | last=Rosenthal | first=Bernice | title=The Occult in Russian and Soviet Culture | publisher=Cornell University Press | year=1997 | isbn=978-0-8014-8331-8 | oclc=35990156 | page=[https://archive.org/details/occultinrussians00unse/page/361 361] | url=https://archive.org/details/occultinrussians00unse/page/361 }}</ref>

== Meditation research ==
Western scientists have started to explore the subtle body concept in relation to research on meditation. The subtle body model can be cross-referenced onto modern maps of the [[central nervous system]], and applied in research on meditation.<ref name="Loizzo 2016">{{cite journal |last=Loizzo |first=Joseph J. |title=The subtle body: an interoceptive map of central nervous system function and meditative mind-brain-body integration |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |publisher=Wiley |volume=1373 |issue=1 |date=10 May 2016 |issn=0077-8923 |doi=10.1111/nyas.13065 |pages=78–95|pmid=27164469 |bibcode=2016NYASA1373...78L |s2cid=5042508 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Aura (paranormal)|Aura]]
* [[Astral body]]
* [[Chakra]]
* [[Etheric body]]
* [[Illusory body]]
* [[Kundalini]]
* [[Luminous mind]]
* [[Meridian (Chinese medicine)]]
* [[Nadi (yoga)]]
* [[Prana]]
* [[Psyche (psychology)]]
* [[Saṃbhogakāya]]
* [[Silver cord]]
* [[Spirit body|Spirit body (Mormonism)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Works cited ==
* {{cite journal |last=Behun |first=W. |year=2010 |title=The Body of Light and the Body without Organs |journal=Substance: A Review of Theory & Literary Criticism |volume=39 |number=1 |pages=125–140}}
* {{cite book |last=Heindel |first=Max |title=The Rosicrucian Mysteries |chapter=Chapter IV: The Constitution of Man: Vital Body - Desire Body - Mind |chapter-url=https://www.rosicrucian.com/rms/rmseng02.htm#Chapter_IV |year=1911 |publisher=Rosicrucian Fellowship}} Reprint: {{ISBN| 0-911274-86-3}}.
* {{cite book | last=Larson | first=Gerald James | author-link=Gerald James Larson | title=Classical Samkhya : an interpretation of its history and meaning | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass | year=2005 | isbn=978-81-208-0503-3 | oclc=637247445 }}
* {{cite book | last1=Mallinson | first1=James | author1-link=James Mallinson (author) |last2=Singleton |first2=Mark | author2-link=Mark Singleton (yoga scholar) |name-list-style=amp | title=Roots of Yoga | publisher=Penguin Books | year=2017 | isbn=978-0-241-25304-5 | oclc=928480104 }}
* {{cite book |first=G. R. S. |last=Mead |author-link=G. R. S. Mead |title=The Doctrine of the Subtle Body in Western Tradition |publisher=Watkins |year=1919}}
* {{cite book |first=Suki |last=Miller |title=After Death: How People around the World Map the Journey after Death |year=1995}}
* {{cite book | last=Samuel | first=Geoffrey | author-link=Geoffrey Samuel | title=Religion and the subtle body in Asia and the West: between mind and body | publisher=Routledge | year=2013 | isbn=978-0-415-60811-4 | oclc=690084604 }}
* {{cite book | last1=Samuel | first1=G. | last2=Johnston | first2=J. | title=Religion and the Subtle Body in Asia and the West: Between Mind and Body | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Routledge studies in Asian religion and philosophy | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-136-76640-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Simmer-Brown |first=J. |title=Dakini's Warm Breath: The Feminine Principle in Tibetan Buddhism |publisher=Shambhala |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-57062-920-4}}
* {{cite journal |last=White |first=John |date=May 2018 |url=http://www.wie.org/j21/white.asp |title=Enlightenment and the Body of Light |journal=Journal of Conscious Evolution |volume=1 |issue=1 |access-date=2022-01-06}}
* {{cite web |first=Roger J. |last=Woolger |date=n.d. |title=Beyond Death: Transition and the Afterlife |website=Royal College of Psychiatrists |url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/PDF/RWoolgerTransition.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002073503/https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/PDF/RWoolgerTransition.pdf |archive-date=2008-10-02}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last=Dale |first=Cyndi |year=2014 |title=The Subtle Body: An Encyclopedia of Your Energetic Anatomy |publisher=Sounds True |isbn=978-1591798279 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |author-link=Mircea Eliade |last=Eliade |first=Mircea |title=Yoga: Immortality and Freedom |translator=W. R. Trask |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=1969 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Poortman |first=J. J. |title=Vehicles of Consciousness; The Concept of Hylic Pluralism (Ochema) |volume=I-IV |publisher=The Theosophical Society in Netherlands |year=1978 |ref=none}}
* {{cite journal |last=Samuel |first=G. |title=Unbalanced Flows in the Subtle Body: Tibetan Understandings of Psychiatric Illness and How to Deal With It |journal=J Relig Health |date=June 2019 |volume=58 |number=3 |pages=770–794 |doi=10.1007/s10943-019-00774-1 |pmid=30788755 |pmc=6522444 |ref=none}}
*{{cite book |last=White |first=David Gordon |year=2012 |title=The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0226149349 |ref=none}}

{{Yoga}}
{{Portal bar|Religion|Buddhism|Hinduism|History|Society}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subtle Body}}
[[Category:Mahayana Buddhist philosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Eastern esotericism]]
[[Category:Esoteric cosmology]]
[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Samkhya]]
[[Category:Tantric practices]]
[[Category:Theosophical philosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Vitalism]]
[[Category:Yoga]]

Joy dol

2026-05-06T01:24:31Z

RosariaE70: starting article

{{short description|Temple in Assam}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name=Kesavaraya Vishnu Dol
|deity=Kesavaraya Visnu
|district=[[Sivasagar]]
|state=[[Assam]]
|country=[[India]]
|architecture=Nilachal architecture
|year_completed={{start date and age|1698}}
|creator=[[Rudra Singha]]
|temple_quantity=3
|image=Vishnudol joysagar.jpg
|caption=Joy dol}}

The '''Keshavnarayan Vishnu''' dol, popularly known as '''Joy dol''', was constructed in 1698 by Ahom king Swargadeo [[Rudra Singha]] (1696–1714) in honour and memory of his mother [[Joymoti Konwari|Joymoti]]. Particularly this temple is dedicated to Hindu god Lord [[Vishnu]]. The presiding deity of the temple was before known as Kesavaraya Visnu <ref>{{cite book |title=Sibsagar |pages=48}}</ref> This temple is constructed of brick and stone.<ref>{{cite web |title=Assam |url=https://vikaspedia.in/education/childrens-corner/places-to-visit/must-see-monuments-in-india/assam |website=Vikaspedia}}</ref> The walls are decorated with images of celestial beings and sculptures representing the social life of the day such as the sports and favourite pastimes of the erstwhile Ahom kings. The Joysagar Group of temples standing on the banks of the tank of the same name includes the Joydol, the Sivadol, the Devi Ghar (also known as the Devi dol), and the [[Ghanashyam House]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Joysagar Sivasagar |url=https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/assam/joysagar.html |website=Tour my India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Joysagar tank and temple, Sibsagar |url=https://www.nativeplanet.com/sibsagar/attractions/joysagar-tank-temples/#overview |website=Native Planet}}</ref>
[[File:Devidoul, Jaysagar, Sivasagar 02.jpg|thumb|Shiva daul]]

==Joysagar==
In the month of December, 1697 king [[Rudra Singha]] completed the excavation of the joysagar at the Rangpur capital after 45 days. The tank was consecrated after 3 months of its excavation in around March/April in 1698 by holding an assembly of the Mahajans, and named it Jaysagar. In the next year, [[Rudra Singha]], built the temples on the bank of the tank dedicated to Vishnu, Shiva, Durga and Surya. It is also said in some chronicles that [[Rudra Singha]] constructed this sea-like tank to commemorate his mother's name [[Joymoti Konwari|Joymoti]]. The area of the tank with its bank in 318 acres, and the area under water is 155 acres.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nityananda Gogoi, Geography of Medieval Assam |pages=180}}</ref>

== Siva dol ==

The Sivadol (also known as the Vaidya Natha) and the Devi dol, constructed by the same king [[Rudra Singha]] in the year 1699 CE, stand on the north and west banks of the tank respectively. The Siva temple was constructed on a square plinth. The main shrine height is 16.85m high. It has four large turrets around the main sikhara. There are niches in the wall containing stucco figurines representing various aspects of Lord Siva.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sibsagar00bisw/page/48/mode/2up |title=Sibsagar by Biswas, S. S., 1938– |pages=48–49}}</ref> The surrounding of the temple is protected by a brick fort.

== Devi dol ==
[[File:Devi_Ghar.jpg|alt=Devi Ghar|thumb|220x220px|Devi Dol]]
The Devi dol at Joysagar is a simple brick built double-roofed hut built on a rectangular plinth. A similar type of mukhamandapa provides entrance to the temple. There are niches on the walls of the main temple containing different representations of the goddess. Besides these temples, on the south-west bank of the tank there is a small brick-built temple commonly known as the [[Ghanashyam House]] or Nati-Gosain temple.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sibsagar00bisw/page/48/mode/2up |title=Sibsagar by Biswas, S. S. |pages=49}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Hindu Temples in Assam}}
{{Assam}}
{{Tourism in India}}
{{Geography of India}}
{{Geography of India by state or territory}}
{{Monuments in India}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Assam]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Assam]]
[[Category:Sivasagar]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Assam]]
[[Category:Tourism in Assam]]

Pellakur mandal,Tirupati district

2026-05-03T14:29:09Z

RosariaE70: Made some place needs work

{{Short description|Mandal in Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pellakur mandal
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|Revenue division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Sullurupeta revenue division|Sullurupeta]]
| subdivision_type4 = Headquarters
| subdivision_name4 = [[Pellakur ,Tirupati district|Pellakur]]
| mapframe = yes
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
}}

'''Pellakur mandal''' is one of the 36 [[mandal]]s in [[Tirupati district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is a part of [[Sullurupeta revenue division]].
==History==
The mandal used to be a part of [[Nellore district]] and was made part of the newly formed Tirupati district on 4 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sasidhar |first=B. M. |date=2022-04-04 |title=Chittoor, Tirupati, Annamayya districts formed as part of rejig |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/chittoor-tirupati-annamayya-districts-formed-as-part-of-rejig-736459 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-12-04 |title=Heavy rain lashes easternmandals of Chittoor dist. |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/heavy-rain-lashes-easternmandals-of-chittoor-dist/article33253567.ece |access-date=2022-04-11 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Mandals in Tirupati district]]

{{Tirupati district}}

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

Kichcha's Kings Bengaluru

2026-05-02T06:35:33Z

RosariaE70: starting new details

{{Short description|Indian racing team}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
'''Kichcha's Kings Bengaluru''' is an [[India|Indian]] motorsport franchise that competes in the [[Indian Racing League]] and the [[F4 Indian Championship]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 Indian Racing League drivers, calendar revealed - Introduction {{!}} Autocar India |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/motor-sports-news/2025-indian-racing-league-drivers-calendar-revealed-436189 |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=Autocar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Auto |date=2026-02-13 |title=Things to look forward to at the Indian Racing Festival in Goa |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/latest-auto-news/story/things-to-look-forward-to-at-the-indian-racing-festival-in-goa-2867668-2026-02-13 |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> IRL and F4 championship are organised by Racing Promotions Private Limited.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Srushti |date=2025-07-06 |title=Kichcha Sudeep launches Bengaluru Racing Team ahead of 2025 Indian Racing Festival |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/car-bike/cars/2025/Jul/06/kichcha-sudeep-launches-bengaluru-racing-team-ahead-of-2025-indian-racing-festival |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref>

The Bengaluru franchise was acquired by Kannada actor [[Kichcha Sudeep]] and his wife Priya Sudeep.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-07-25 |title=Bengaluru to debut ‘Kichcha’s Kings’ in IRL 2025 season |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2025/Jul/25/bengaluru-to-debut-kichchas-kings-in-irl-2025-season |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-07 |title=Kichcha Sudeepa acquires Bengaluru Racing Team the Indian Racing Festival —Launches 'Kichcha's Kings Bengaluru' - Public TV English |url=https://english.publictv.in/kichcha-sudeepa-acquires-bengaluru-racing-team-the-indian-racing-festival-launches-kichchas-kings-bengaluru/ |access-date=2026-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> It was launched by RPPL chairm Akhilesh Reddy in July 2025.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehro9lnqJEE |title=Kichcha Sudeepa Launches ‘Kichcha’s Kings Bengaluru’ for Indian Racing Festival 2025 {{!}} News9 |date=2025-07-04 |last=NEWS9 Live |access-date=2026-02-28 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Neel Jani|Neel Jaani]] from [[Switzerland]] is the lead driver. He is a former Le Mans winner and former Formula One test driver. Multiple Indian National karting champion, Bengaluru's Ruhaan Alva, British endurance and GT racing driver Jem Hepworth and another Karting champion from Bengaluru [[Kyle Kumaran]] complete the line-up.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nalawade |first=Rohit |date=2025-07-17 |title=2025 Indian Racing League driver line-up revealed |url=https://www.evoindia.com/motorsport/motorsport-news/2025-indian-racing-league-driver-line-up-587046 |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=www.evoindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

KKB is one of the six city-based teams along with [[Speed Demons Delhi]], [[Hyderabad Blackbirds]], [[Goa Aces JA Racing]], [[Kolkata Royal Tigers]], and [[Chennai Turbo Riders]].<ref name=":0" />

“Racing, like cinema, is pure adrenaline. It’s about timing, control, instinct, and above all, heart. Kichcha’s Kings Bengaluru is my tribute to the spirit of this city, its talent, its grit, and its youth,” said Sudeepa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kichcha Sudeepa’s Bangalore team joins Indian Racing Festival - Introduction {{!}} Autocar India |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/motor-sports-news/kichcha-sudeepa8217s-bengaluru-team-joins-indian-racing-festival-436057 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Autocar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Trust Of India |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/sports/irl-to-have-new-team-from-bengaluru-from-2025-season/2760708 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=www.ptinews.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian auto racing teams]]

Utpal Kumar Singh

2026-04-26T11:28:27Z

RosariaE70: added basic bio w/ sources

{{Short description|Secretary-General of the Lok Sabha since 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_suffix = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd.)
| image_size = 220px
| name = Utpal Kumar Singh
| image = Shri Utpal Kumar Singh IAS (Retd.) Lok Sabha secretary.jpg
| caption = Official portrait, 2021
| office = [[Secretary General of the Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 30 November 2020
| term_end =
| 1blankname = Speaker
| 1namedata = [[Om Birla]]
| predecessor = [[Snehlata Shrivastava]]
| successor =
| office3 = [[Joint Secretary]] of the [[Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare]]
| term_start3 = 1 May 2012
| term_end3 = 17 July 2016
| office4 = [[Additional Secretary]] of the [[Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare]]
| term_start4 = 18 July 2016
| term_end4 = 24 October 2017
| office2 = [[List of chief secretaries of Uttarakhand|Chief Secretary of Uttarakhand]]
| governor2 = [[Baby Rani Maurya]] (from August 2018) [[Krishan Kant Paul]] (till August 2018)
| term_start2 = 25 October 2017
| term_end2 = 31 July 2020
| predecessor2 = S. Ramaswamy
| successor2 = Om Prakash Singh
| office1 = [[Secretary]] of [[Lok Sabha Secretariat]]
| 1blankname1 = Secretary-General
| 1namedata1 = [[Snehlata Shrivastava]]
| term_start1 = 1 September 2020
| term_end1 = 30 November 2020
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|07|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bokaro (Thermal)|Bokaro Thermal]], [[Bihar]], India
| death_date =
| spouse = Nipunika Singh
| children = 1
| alma_mater = [[Kirori Mal College]], [[University of Delhi]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]] Hons.) [[International Institute of Social Studies]] ([[Masters of Arts|M.A]] in History)
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Civil servant]]|bureaucrat}}
| module = {{Infobox person|embed=yes|employer=[[Indian Administrative Service]]}}
}}

'''Utpal Kumar Singh''' (born 29 July 1960<ref name="biodata">{{cite web|url=https://sansad.in/cms/ls-pp/uploads/sg_utpal_singh_e180923871.pdf?updated_at=2022-09-13T09:00:34.397Z.pdf|title=SHRI UTPAL KUMAR SINGH SECRETARY-GENERAL LOK}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.patrika.com/miscellenous-india/utpal-kumar-singh-who-was-chief-secretary-of-uttarakhand-got-important-responsibility-of-lok-sabha-secretary-know-what-is-his-specialty-6370287?amp=1|title=Retired IAS officer Utpal Kumar Singh बिहार के जमुई के रहने वाले हैं।|publisher=patrika.com}}</ref>) is a retired [[Indian Administrative Service|Indian Administrative Service officer]] of 1986 batch from [[Uttarakhand]] cadre<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/retired-ias-officer-utpal-kumar-singh-appointed-secretary-general-of-lok-sabha-1745510-2020-11-30|title=Retired IAS officer Utpal Kumar Singh appointed Secretary-General of Lok Sabha|date=30 November 2020 |publisher=[[India Today]]}}</ref> who is serving as the [[Secretary General of the Lok Sabha]] the lower house of Indian parliament since 30 November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=LS Secretary General Utpal Singh gets one year extension|url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/ls-secretary-general-utpal-singh-gets-one-year-extension/105640628|website=ET Government|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/senior-ias-officer-utpal-kumar-singh-appointed-lok-sabha-secretary-general-2332131|title=Senior IAS Officer Utpal Kumar Singh Appointed Lok Sabha Secretary General|publisher=ndtv.com}}</ref>

==Early life==
Singh was born to Braj Kishore Singh and Annapurna Singh on 29 July 1960 in [[Bokaro (Thermal)]], which is now a part of [[Jharkhand]].<ref name="biodata"/>

==Education==
He has completed his [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] (Hons), [[Master of Arts|M.A]] from [[Kirori Mal College]] of [[Delhi University]] and his graduate studies from [[International Institute of Social Studies]] from where he received an [[Master of Arts|M.A]] degree in [[Public Policy]] located in [[The Hague]], [[Netherlands]].<ref name="biodata"/>

==Career==
Singh has held several positions at the center{{clarify|date=September 2025}}, including Additional Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/former-chief-secretary-of-ukhand-named-secretary-lok-sabha/articleshow/77810145.cms|title=Former Chief Secretary Of Uttarakhand Named Secretary Lok Sabha|work=The Times of India |date=29 August 2020 |publisher=[[The Times of India|Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/utpal-kumar-singh-appointed-lok-sabha-secretary-general-177998|title=Utpal Kumar Singh appointed Lok Sabha Secretary General|publisher=tribuneindia.com}}</ref>

During his tenure as Chief Secretary of Uttarakhand (2017–2020), Singh worked alongside several senior Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officers, including [[Vinod Prasad Raturi]], who held the position of Revenue Secretary at that time.<ref>{{cite web | title=CS for clearing pending cases of forest rights | date=31 July 2018 | url=https://www.newspost.live/en/en/cs-for-clearing-pending-cases-of-forest-rights/ }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Singh is married to Nipunika Singh and they have one child.<ref name="biodata"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Utpal Kumar}}
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:People from Jamui district]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Delhi University]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Secretaries general of the Lok Sabha]]

Omar Khalidi

2026-04-26T01:31:29Z

RosariaE70: Made a bio w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Indian-American Muslim scholar (1953–2010)}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox scholar
| region =
| era = Modern era
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| name = Omar Khalidi
| birth_date = 1953
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad, India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2010|11|29|1953|df=y}}
| death_place = Boston, USA
| citizenship = Indian, USA
| alma_mater = ''Madrassa-e-Aaaliyah'', [[Wichita State University]] [[Harvard University]] [[University of Wales Lampeter]]
| main_interests = [[Minority group]]s rights, [[military history]]
| influences =
| influenced = [[Sociology of politics]], [[ethnic groups]], nationalism
| notable_ideas =
}}

'''Omar Khalidi''' (1953 – 29 November 2010), born in [[Hyderabad, India]], was a [[Muslim]] scholar, a staff member of [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] in the US, and an author.

==Early life and education==

Khalidi was born in 1953 in Hyderabad, India. He was of [[Hadhrami people|Hadhrami]] descent.<ref name="radiance"/><ref name="rediff"/>

==Career==

He is referred to by one commentator as the "Chronicler of Hyderabad and as a champion of [[minority rights]]".<ref name="radiance">{{cite news |author=Mohammed Ayub Khan | title=Omar Khalidi (1953–2010) Chronicler of Hyderabad and Champion of Minority Rights |newspaper=Radiance Views Weekly |date=16 December 2010 |url=http://www.radianceweekly.com/233/6402/lebanon-at-stake-turkey-must-reveal-its-cards/2010-12-12/obitury/story-detail/omar-khalidi1953-2010chronicler-of-hyderabad-and-champion-of-minority-rights.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001071815/http://www.radianceweekly.com/233/6402/lebanon-at-stake-turkey-must-reveal-its-cards/2010-12-12/obitury/story-detail/omar-khalidi1953-2010chronicler-of-hyderabad-and-champion-of-minority-rights.html |archive-date=1 October 2011}}</ref> He was considered an [[Constructivism (international relations)|international relations builder]].<ref name="TMO1">{{cite news|url=http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/?p=7505|title=Obituary: Omer Khalidi|date=2 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002214817/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/?p=7505|archive-date=2 October 2011|url-status=usurped|publisher=The Muslim Observer}}</ref><ref name="2004-PRESS-RELEASES">{{cite web |title=Dr. Omar Khalidi Visited Ufa and Chelyabinsk and Discussed Muslim Life in America |publisher=Consulate General of the United States – Yekaterinburg, Russia |date=18 April 2004 |url=http://yekaterinburg.usconsulate.gov/pr-04182004.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005083126/http://yekaterinburg.usconsulate.gov/pr-04182004.html |archive-date=5 October 2011}}</ref>

==Scholar==

His best known book is ''Hyderabad after the fall (book)|Hyderabad: After the Fall'' published in 1990.<ref name="radiance"/>

===Media contribution===

Khalidi served as a regional Vice-President of American Federation of Muslims of Indian Origin, and was an active participant in the various activities of all other Indian Muslim organisations in the USA and Canada. His articles were published regularly in the ''[[MetroWest Daily News]]'' and he was an active columnist for various other journals, writing for the ''[[Economic and Political Weekly]]'', ''[[The Outlook (New York)|The Outlook]]'', ''[[India Abroad]]'', ''Two Circles'' and other print and internet media.<ref name="TMO1"/>

===Books===

His books include:<ref name="2004-PRESS-RELEASES"/><ref name="threeessays">{{cite book |url=http://www.threeessays.com/titles.php?id=11 |accessdate=19 August 2011 |title=KHAKI AND ETHNIC VIOLENCE IN INDIA}}</ref><ref name="khabrein">{{cite news |url=http://www.khabrein.info/news/Omar_Khalidi__Chronicler_of_Hyderabad_and_Champion_of_Minority_Rights_Is_No_More_1291145106/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203064235/http://www.khabrein.info/news/Omar_Khalidi__Chronicler_of_Hyderabad_and_Champion_of_Minority_Rights_Is_No_More_1291145106 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=3 December 2010 |date= 30 November 2010 |title=Omar Khalidi, Chronicler of Hyderabad and Champion of Minority Rights Is No More |accessdate=19 August 2011}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; background:white; width:95%;"
|- style="color:white;"
! ! style="background:#811541; width:8%;"| Published Year
! ! style="background:#811541; width:60%;"|Book Name
! ! style="background:#811541; width:45%;"| Publisher
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1981
|! ! align=left| '''The British Residents at the Court of the Nizams of Hyderabad'''
|! ! align=left| Hyderabad Historical Society.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1985
|! ! align=left| '''Hyderabad State Under the Nizams, 1724–1948: A Bibliography of Monographic and Periodical Literature'''
|! ! align=left| Hyderabad Historical Society.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1987
|! ! align=left| '''Deccan Under the Sultans, 1296–1724: A Bibliography of Monographic and Periodical Literature'''
|! ! align=left| Hyderabad Historical Society.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1988
|! ! align=left| '''African Diaspora in India: The Case of the Habashis of Deccan'''
|! ! align=left| Hamdard National Foundation.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1988
|! ! align=left| '''[[Hyderabad after the fall (book)|Hyderabad After the Fall]]'''
|! ! align=left| Hyderabad Historical Society.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1990
|! ! align=left| '''Indian Muslims in North America'''
|! ! align=left| South Asia Press.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1991
|! ! align=left| '''Factors in Muslim Electability to Lok Sabha'''
|! ! align=left| Harvard University Press.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1991
|! ! align=left| '''Memoirs of Cyril Jones: People, Society, and Railways in Hyderabad'''
|! ! align=left| Manohar Publications.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1992
|! ! align=left| '''Shama-e-Faroozan: Chand Ilmi Aur Adabi Shakhsiyatoon Ke Halaat-e-Zindagi Aur Karname'''
|! ! align=left| Azmi and Sons.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1994
|! ! align=left| '''Memoirs of Sidney Cotton'''
|! ! align=left| South Asia Press.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1995
|! ! align=left| '''Islamic Literature in the Deccani Languages: Kannada, Marathi, & Telugu'''
|! ! align=left| Hyderabad Historical Society.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1997
|! ! align=left| '''Hadhrami Role in the Politics and Society of Colonial India, 1750–1950'''
|! ! align=left| in Freitag and Clearance-Smith: Hadhrami Scholar, Traders and Statesmen of the Indian Ocean, 1750–1960. Brill Publisher, the Netherlands.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1998
|! ! align=left| '''Subsequent-e-Hyderabad: Chashm Deed Aur Muasir Tahreeron Par Mushtamil Manzar Aur Pesh Manzar (Edited with Dr. Muinuddin Aqil)'''
|! ! align=left| All India Majlis Tameer-e-Millat.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1999
|! ! align=left| '''Romance of the Golconda Diamonds'''
|! ! align=left| Mapin Publishing.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1999
|! ! align=left| '''Approaches to Mosque Design in North America'''
|! ! align=left| [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]].
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1999
|! ! align=left| '''The Architecture and Campus Planning of Osmania University'''
|! ! align=left| [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]].
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 1999
|! ! align=left| '''American Architecture of Islamic Inspiration'''
|! ! align=left| [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]].
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 2003
|! ! align=left| '''A Guide to Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and Urdu Manuscript Libraries in India'''
|! ! align=left| Middle East Librarians Association.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 2003
|! ! align=left| '''Khaki and Ethnic Violence in India: Army, Police, and Paramilitary Forces During Communal Riots'''
|! ! align=left| Three Essays Press.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 2004
|! ! align=left| '''Between Muslim Nationalists and Nationalist Muslims: Maududi’s Thoughts on Indian Muslims'''
|! ! align=left| Institute of Objective Studies.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 2004
|! ! align=left| '''The British Residency in Hyderabad: An Outpost of the Raj (1779–1948)'''
|! ! align=left| British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 2006
|! ! align=left| '''An Indian Passage to Europe: The Travels of Fath Nawaz Jang'''
|! ! align=left| Oxford University Press.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 2006
|! ! align=left| '''Muslims in the Deccan: A Historical Survey'''
|! ! align=left| Global Media Publications.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 2006
|! ! align=left| '''Muslims in Indian Economy'''
|! ! align=left| Three Essays Collective.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 2006
|! ! align=left| '''Khaki and Ethnic Violence in India-2'''
|! ! align=left| Three Essays Collective.
|-
|! ! style="background:lemonchiffon;"| 2006
|! ! align=left| '''A Guide to Architecture in Hyderabad, Deccan, India'''
|! ! align=left| Three Essays Collective.
|}

==Death==
Khalidi died on 29 November 2010, in a train accident at [[Kendall Square]], [[MBTA Commuter Rail|MBTA station]] in Cambridge, Massachusetts.<ref name="metrowestdailynews">{{cite news| url=http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/news/x1817605195/Wayland-man-identified-in-MBTA-station-death| title=Wayland man identified in MBTA station death| date=1 December 2010| accessdate=19 August 2011| publisher=metrowestdailynews.com}}</ref><ref name="arabnews"/> His family published a statement in the ''[[Arab News]]'' on 30 November 2010: Khalidi drove in his car to the MIT campus and was probably trying to catch a train to buy medicine at the next station. He was diabetic, and it seems his sugar level had reached abnormal levels and he was hit by a train<ref name="arabnews">{{cite news| url=http://arabnews.com/world/article204661.ece| date=30 November 2010| title=Indian Muslim Scholar Dies in Boston| accessdate=19 August 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811111728/http://arabnews.com/world/article204661.ece| archive-date=11 August 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref> in [[Boston]], United States<ref name="rediff">{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/interview/remembering-omar-khalidi/20101130.htm| date=30 November 2010| title=Remembering Omar Khalidi| accessdate=19 August 2011}}</ref> His funeral prayers were held at the [[Islamic Society of Boston|Islamic Society of Boston Cultural Center]] in [[Roxbury, Boston|Roxbury]].<ref name="metrowestdailynews"/>

He was survived by his wife Nigar Khalidi and his daughter Aliya.<ref name="arabnews"/>

==See also==
* [[Hyderabadi Muslims]]
* [[Golkonda]]
* [[Hyderabad State]]
* [[India]]
* [[Muslim culture of Hyderabad]]
* [[History of Hyderabad]] for a history of the city of Hyderabad.
* [[Hyderabad (India)]] for the city.
* [[Muhammad Hamidullah]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2010/khalid-rememberance.html MIT News]
*[http://www.rediff.com/news/interview/remembering-omar-khalidi/20101130.htm Rediff News, Remembering Omar Khalidi, Interview]
*{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20101203064235/http://www.khabrein.info/news/Omar_Khalidi__Chronicler_of_Hyderabad_and_Champion_of_Minority_Rights_Is_No_More_1291145106 khabrein.info, Detail list of books]}}
*[http://www.rediff.com/news/column/column-remembering-eminent-muslim-scholar-omar-khalidi/20101202.htm Dr Omar Khalidi's voice will be sorely missed, Rediff.com]
*[http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/feb/18inter2.htm The Rediff Interview of Dr. Omar Khalidi about his book ''Khaki and Ethnic Violence in India,..'']
*[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1478-1913.00030/abstract Dr. Omar Khalidi article: Mawlāna Mawdūd? and the Future Political Order in British India]
*[http://www.cornucopia.net/princess.html Dr. Omar Khalidi article: The Caliph's Daughter]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khalidi, Omar}}
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Writers from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Journalists from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:American male journalists]]
[[Category:American writers of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American columnists]]
[[Category:American essayists]]
[[Category:American foreign policy writers]]
[[Category:American magazine editors]]
[[Category:American Muslims]]
[[Category:Harvard Extension School alumni]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Indian international relations scholars]]
[[Category:American international relations scholars]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Wales, Lampeter]]
[[Category:Academic staff of King Saud University]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:American male essayists]]
[[Category:Wichita State University alumni]]
[[Category:Hadhrami people]]
[[Category:Indian people of Yemeni descent]]
[[Category:Naqshbandi order]]
[[Category:Railway accident deaths in the United States]]
[[Category:American people of Yemeni descent]]

Karan Singh Verma

2026-04-23T06:49:28Z

RosariaE70: starting a bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Ichhawar Assembly constituency|Ichhawar]]
| term_start = 1985
| term_end = 2013
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = Shailendra Patel
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| constituency1 = [[Ichhawar Assembly constituency|Ichhawar]]
| term_start1 = 2018
| predecessor2 = [[Shailendra Patel]]
}}
'''Karan Singh Verma''' is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh who serving as revenue minister. He is an eight time elected [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]],<ref>[https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/History%20web/OldElectionResults/1985.pdf 1985 PDF]</ref> [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]],<ref>[https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/History%20web/OldElectionResults/1990.pdf 1990 PDF]</ref> [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]],<ref>[https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/History%20web/OldElectionResults/1993.pdf 1993 PDF]</ref> [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]],<ref>[https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/History%20web/OldElectionResults/1998.pdf 1998 PDF]</ref> [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]],<ref>[https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/History%20web/OldElectionResults/2003.pdf 2003 PDF]</ref> [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]], [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]] and [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Ichhawar Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ichhawar assembly election results 2023: Ichhawar Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh/ichhawar-assembly-result-12158 |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ichhawar Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Ichhawar Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election/ichhawar-constituency/ |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Verma, Karan Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1985–1990]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1990–1992]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1993–1998]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1998–2003]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Mohan Sharma (politician)

2026-04-23T06:27:35Z

RosariaE70: added bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Narsinghgarh Assembly constituency|Narsinghgarh]]
| term_start = 2003
| term_end = 2013
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = Dhul Singh Yadav
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| constituency1 = [[Narsinghgarh Assembly constituency|Narsinghgarh]]
| term_start1 = 2023
| predecessor1 = Rajyavardhan Singh
}}
'''Mohan Sharma''' is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a three time elected [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]],<ref name="ceomadhyapradesh">{{cite web|url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/History%20web/OldElectionResults/2003.pdf|date=2002-12-16|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh|author=Election Commission of India|location=New Delhi |access-date=2024-11-06}}</ref> [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]], and [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Narsinghgarh Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Narsinghgarh assembly election results 2023: Narsinghgarh Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh/narsinghgarh-assembly-result-12160 |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Narsinghgarh Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Narsinghgarh Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election/narsinghgarh-constituency/ |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Mohan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Siddharth Menon (singer)

2026-04-20T12:46:31Z

RosariaE70: added the post v1

{{short description|Indian singer (born 1989)}}
{{For|the actor from Pune|Siddharth Menon (actor)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Siddharth Menon
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1989|7|1}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| death_date =
| years_active = 2012–present
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|[[Film actor|actor]]}}
| spouse = Tanvi Palav
| relatives =
| other_names =
}}

'''Siddharth Menon''' (born 1 July 1989) is an Indian [[playback singer]] and [[film actor|actor]]. He is a founder and former vocalist of the band [[Thaikkudam Bridge]].

==Career==
Menon founded the band [[Thaikkudam Bridge]] with [[Govind Vasantha]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title=Saluting the best |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/thaikkudam-bridge-on-their-new-album-namah/article19517860.ece
|newspaper=The Hindu |date=18 August 2017 |accessdate=2 February 2020|last1=M |first1=Athira }}</ref> He left the band to pursue a solo career in February 2017.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-siddharth-menon-goes-solo/article18153407.ece/
| title=Going solo |newspaper=The Hindu |date=20 April 2017 |last1=M |first1=Athira }}</ref>

He made his playback‑singing debut with the song "Tharangal" in the 2013 film ''[[North 24 Kaatham]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/showstopper/article5609605.ece|title=Showstopper‑ The Hindu Article |newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 January 2014 |last1=M |first1=Athira }}</ref>

He also founded the Siddharth Menon Live Music Band, which has been active for over 12 years — a platform for his solo career and live performances.<ref>{{cite web |title=Siddharth Menon Live |url=https://bangalore.explocity.com/events-in-bangalore/siddharth-menon-live/
|accessdate=26 November 2025}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He married [[Marathi people|Marathi]] actress Tanvi Palav on 22 December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deepika.com/cinema/CinemaNews.aspx?Siddharth-Menon-got-married&ID=4714|title = സിദ്ധാർഥ് മേനോൻ വിവാഹിതനായി : Cinema News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-siddharth-menon-goes-solo/article18153407.ece |title= Going Solo|newspaper= The Hindu|date= 20 April 2017|last1= M|first1= Athira}}</ref>

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Movie
!scope="col"| Outcome
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2016
| [[SIIMA Awards]]
| Best Male Debut
| [[Rockstar (2015 film)|Rockstar]]
| {{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Upadhyaya |first=Prakash |date=2016-06-30 |title=SIIMA Awards 2016 live updates: Winners' list, photos |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-2016-live-updates-winners-list-photos-684968 |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{SIIMA Award for Best Male Débutante}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Menon, Siddharth}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]

Mawhati Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:35:00Z

RosariaE70: added new data

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Meghalaya State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mawhati
| state = [[Meghalaya]]
| district = [[Ri Bhoi district|Ri Bhoi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Shillong (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shillong]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = ST
| type= SLA
| map_image = Mawhati Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 8
| mla = [[Charles Marngar]]
| party = {{Party index link|National People's Party (India)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:39235}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14873-meghalayaexcluding-ac-23/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|05}}
}}
'''Mawhati''' is one of the 60 [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Meghalaya]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceomeghalaya.nic.in/gis-map/00-pc-map-meghalaya.pdf |title=Map of Meghalaya Parliamentary Constituencies |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |accessdate= 30 January 2021}}</ref> It is part of [[Ri Bhoi district|Ri Bhoi]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. It falls under [[Shillong (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shillong Lok Sabha constituency]]<ref name="election">{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.elections.in/meghalaya/assembly-constituencies/mawhati.html |title= Mawhati (Meghalaya) Assembly Constituency Elections |work=elections.in |date= |accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> and its current MLA is Charles Marngar of the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
Source:<ref name="election"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Martin Narayan Majaw || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Martin N. Majaw
|-
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan=3 | S. R. Moksha || {{Full party name with color|Hill State People's Democratic Party}}
|-
| [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || {{Full party name with color|Hill People's Union|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || rowspan=2 | Phingwel Muktieh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Donbok Khymdeit || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}
|-
| [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || Julias Kitbok Dorphang || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || Dasakhiatbha Lamare || {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
|-
| [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Charles Marngar]] || {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2023===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawhati<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]] |title=General Election to Vidhna Sabha Trends & Result MArch - 2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302144159/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Charles Marngar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,273 |percentage=37.58% |change={{increase}}24.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shemphang Lyngdoh |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=8,029 |percentage=22.73% |change={{increase}}0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baiahunlang Makdoh |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=6,556 |percentage=18.56% |change={{increase}}6.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Evalyni Kharbani |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=4,590 |percentage=13.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Evarist Myrsing |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,376 |percentage=3.90% |change={{increase}}0.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Saralin Dorphang |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=729 |percentage=2.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roswel Shadap |party=People's Democratic Front (Meghalaya) |votes=560 |percentage=1.59% |change={{decrease}}13.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=191 |percentage=0.54% |change={{decrease}}0.57 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,244 |percentage=14.85% |change= {{increase}}14.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=35,321 |percentage=90.02% |change= {{increase}}0.94 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 39,235 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.54 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=National People's Party (India) |swing= {{increase}}15.26 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2018===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawhati<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]] |title=Form 20 - Polling Station Wise Result Sheet of General Election 2018 to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208162439/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-date=8 February 2024 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dasakhiatbha Lamare |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=6,365 |percentage=22.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Julias Kitbok Dorphang |party=Independent politician |votes=6,161 |percentage=21.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=James Sylliang |party=People's Democratic Front (Meghalaya) |votes=4,314 |percentage=15.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Charles Marngar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,675 |percentage=12.88% |change={{decrease}}16.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Donbok Khymdeit |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=3,367 |percentage=11.80% |change={{decrease}}18.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Evalyni Kharbani |party=Independent politician |votes=2,231 |percentage=7.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banbuhaiing Makdoh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=980 |percentage=3.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=316 |percentage=1.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=204 |percentage=0.72% |change= {{decrease}}4.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=28,523 |percentage=89.09% |change= {{decrease}}2.40 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,017 |ref = |change= {{increase}}26.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}13.39 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2013===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawhati<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=Election Commission of India- State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021738/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Julias Kitbok Dorphang |party=Independent politician |votes=8,246 |percentage=35.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Donbok Khymdeit |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=7,087 |percentage=30.69% |change={{decrease}}0.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phingwel Muktieh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,857 |percentage=29.69% |change={{increase}}0.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Plas Mukhim |party=Independent politician |votes=508 |percentage=2.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kyrshanlang Nongshli |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=233 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hopingstone Masharing |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=164 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,159 |percentage=5.02% |change= {{increase}}3.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,095 |percentage=91.48% |change= {{decrease}}1.72 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,245 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.58 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |swing= {{increase}}4.90 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawhati<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Donbok Khymdeit |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=6,112 |percentage=30.80% |change={{increase}}0.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phingwel Muktieh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,725 |percentage=28.85% |change={{decrease}}6.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rangkynsai Makdoh |party=Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement |votes=4,390 |percentage=22.12% |change={{increase}}14.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Clement Shadap |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=3,344 |percentage=16.85% |change={{decrease}}9.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Heronice Masharing |party=Meghalaya Democratic Party |votes=271 |percentage=1.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=387 |percentage=1.95% |change= {{decrease}}3.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,842 |percentage=93.20% |change= {{increase}}21.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,289 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.52 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.70 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawhati<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Phingwel Muktieh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,021 |percentage=35.50% |change={{increase}}7.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. R. Moksha |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=4,270 |percentage=30.19% |change={{increase}}8.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Jerin Syiem |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=3,770 |percentage=26.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Murmanik Syiem |party=Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement |votes=1,082 |percentage=7.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=751 |percentage=5.31% |change= {{increase}}0.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,143 |percentage=72.14% |change= {{decrease}}5.38 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,618 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.52 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.10 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawhati<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Phingwel Muktieh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,941 |percentage=28.40% |change={{decrease}}8.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rangkynsai Makdoh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,245 |percentage=23.38% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. R. Moksha |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=3,075 |percentage=22.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Clement Shadap |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=1,755 |percentage=12.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Martin Lyngdoh |party=People's Democratic Movement (Meghalaya) |votes=1,603 |percentage=11.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Marius Nongrum |party=Communist Party of India |votes=143 |percentage=1.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Howard Moksha |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=115 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=696 |percentage=5.02% |change= {{increase}}3.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,877 |percentage=80.85% |change= {{decrease}}5.14 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,912 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.48 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Hill People's Union |swing= {{decrease}}10.05 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawhati<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=S. R. Moksha |party=Hill People's Union |votes=5,013 |percentage=38.45% |change={{increase}}1.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rangkynsai Makdoh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,775 |percentage=36.62% |change={{increase}}17.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Clement Shadap |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference (Armison Marak Group) |votes=2,567 |percentage=19.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shambok M. Khymdeit |party=Janata Party |votes=541 |percentage=4.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Michael S. Kharsingh |party=Janata Dal (B) |votes=143 |percentage=1.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=238 |percentage=1.83% |change= {{decrease}}8.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,039 |percentage=84.81% |change= {{increase}}6.78 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,784 |ref = |change= {{increase}}24.13 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Hill People's Union |loser=Hill People's Union |swing= {{increase}}1.63 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawhati<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=S. R. Moksha |party=Hill People's Union |votes=3,550 |percentage=36.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Martin N. Majaw |party=Independent politician |votes=2,547 |percentage=26.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joseph Joit Makdoh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,798 |percentage=18.65% |change={{increase}}14.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Clement Shadap |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=1,723 |percentage=17.87% |change={{decrease}}41.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Orister Syngkli |party=Communist Party of India |votes=25 |percentage=0.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,003 |percentage=10.40% |change= {{decrease}}13.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,643 |percentage=78.85% |change= {{increase}}8.58 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,716 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.75 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Hill People's Union |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}22.22 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawhati<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=S. R. Moksha |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=4,216 |percentage=59.03% |change={{increase}}27.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Martin N. Majaw |party=Public Demands Implementation Convention |votes=2,520 |percentage=35.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Matsingh Kharkongor |party=Indian National Congress |votes=292 |percentage=4.09% |change={{decrease}}13.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Stanly Lapang |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=114 |percentage=1.60% |change={{decrease}}4.50 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,696 |percentage=23.75% |change= {{increase}}15.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,142 |percentage=71.68% |change= {{increase}}5.81 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,619 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.46 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}18.94 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawhati<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Martin N. Majaw |party=Independent politician |votes=2,412 |percentage=40.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. R. Moksha |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=1,887 |percentage=31.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. C. Makhod |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,048 |percentage=17.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Betterson Kharkongor |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=367 |percentage=6.10% |change={{decrease}}12.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Odwiss Khymdeit |party=Independent politician |votes=302 |percentage=5.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=525 |percentage=8.73% |change= {{decrease}}5.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,016 |percentage=64.33% |change= {{increase}}11.31 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,791 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.02 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}5.69 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawhati<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Martin Narayan Majaw |party=Independent politician |votes=1,521 |percentage=34.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. R. Moksha |party=Independent politician |votes=876 |percentage=19.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Walter Roy Marng |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=801 |percentage=18.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nilip Shadap |party=Independent politician |votes=536 |percentage=12.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Min Shallam |party=Independent politician |votes=295 |percentage=6.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Odwys Khyndeit |party=Independent politician |votes=199 |percentage=4.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Linshon Roy Lapang |party=Independent politician |votes=102 |percentage=2.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=645 |percentage=14.59% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,421 |percentage=52.82% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,819 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Ri Bhoi district]]
*[[Shillong (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}
{{coord|25.82|92.09|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Ri-Bhoi district]]
[[Category:Politics of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Meghalaya]]

Palghar Jawhar Assembly constituency

2026-04-09T18:25:29Z

RosariaE70: Made first pg needs work

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Palghar Jawhar
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=344-357}}</ref>
| abolished = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 1,00,009
| mla = Mukne Trimbak Bhau
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = ST
}}
Palghar Jawhar Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" rowspan="2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Mukne Trimbak Bhau || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Meher Maruti Padmakar || {{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India, 1948)}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Palghar Jawhar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mukne Trimbak Bhau |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,523 |percentage = 21.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Meher Maruti Padmakar |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 19,107 |percentage = 19.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shroff Jayantiben Chhotalal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,739 |percentage = 19.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chaudhuri Ravjibhai Pandu |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 17,395 |percentage = 17.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kavli Ramchndra Dadaji |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 8,209 |percentage = 8.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kedar Raju Navsha |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,912 |percentage = 5.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Parulekar Shyam Vishnu |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,463 |percentage = 3.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhat Narayan Trimbak |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,566 |percentage = 2.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Tukaram Kanhaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,430 |percentage = 2.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,784 |percentage = 1.83% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 97,344 |percentage = 48.67% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 97,344}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 100,009 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]][[Constituencies established in 1951]]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Jazz City

2026-04-06T18:34:29Z

RosariaE70:

{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Historical drama]]
| based_on =
| director = [[Soumik Sen]]
| showrunner =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Arifin Shuvoo]]|[[Sauraseni Maitra]]|[[Shataf Figar]]}}
| writer = Soumik Sen
| composer = {{ubl|Arka Mukherjee|Diptarka Bose}}
| cinematography = Ron Mukherjee Vishal Verma
| editor = Amit Ray
| producer = Arpita Chatterjee
| executive_producer =
{{ubl|Samar Roy|Shayon Chakraborty}}
| country = India
| language = Bangla Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 10
| location = India
| company =
| network = [[SonyLIV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2026|03|19|df=y}}
| last_aired =
}}

'''''Jazz City''''' is an Indian [[Bengali language]] [[Historical]] [[spy thriller]] television series created and directed by [[Soumik Sen]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Jazz City' OTT release date: When and where to watch Soumik Sen's Bengali period thriller series|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/bengali/jazz-city-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-soumik-sens-bengali-period-thriller-series/articleshow/129570183.cms |work=The Times of India |date=15 March 2026|access-date=20 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-14 |title=Jazz City release date, where to watch, what to expect, teaser, cast, and more about the series based on the Bangladesh Liberation War|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/jazz-city-release-date-where-to-watch-what-to-expect-teaser-cast-and-more-about-the-series-based-on-the-bangladesh-liberation-war/f21966e30274|access-date=2026-03-20 |website=OTT Play |language=en}}</ref> The series star [[Arifin Shuvoo]], [[Sauraseni Maitra]] and [[Shataf Figar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-14 |title=Jazz City OTT Release Date: When and Where to Watch Arifin Shuvoo and Sauraseni Maitra Starrer Online?|url=https://www.gadgets360.com/entertainment/news/jazz-city-ott-release-arifin-shuvoo-s-bengali-musical-thriller-streaming-on-sony-liv-from-march-19-11214757|access-date=2026-03-20 |website=Gadgets 360 |language=en}}</ref>
the series premiered on [[SonyLIV]] on 19 March 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-02 |title=Jazz City new OTT release date: When and where to watch Arifin Shuvoo’s historical drama about Bangladesh’s revolution|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/jazz-city-new-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-arifin-shuvoos-historical-drama-about-bangladeshs-revolution/0012a6591f560|access-date=2026-03-20 |website=OTT Play|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-02 |title=Jazz City: Music meets espionage in 1971 Calcutta during Bangladesh Liberation War|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/jazz-city-trailer-release-sonyliv-bengali-historical-thriller-calcutta-1971-premiere-march-19-2869416-2026-02-17|access-date=2026-03-20 |website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

== Premise ==
Set in 1971 Calcutta, a jazz club becomes the stage for a revolutionary awakening, where music intertwines with language, identity, and the struggle that culminates in the birth of Bangladesh during a defining historical moment.

== Cast ==
* [[Arifin Shuvoo]] as Jimmy Roy
* [[Sauraseni Maitra]] as Sheela
* [[Shataf Figar]] as General Hanif
* Alexandra Taylor as Pamela
* Santanu Ghatak as IB officer Sinha
* Sayandeep Sengupta as Rambahadur
* Soumen Chakraborty as Manash
* Tanika Basu as Kaberi
* Vinay Sharma as Alvarej
*Shahir Raj as Ramiz
*Amit Saha
* Aniruddha Gupta

== Production ==
They started shooting in 2024. <ref>{{cite web|title=Arifin Shuvoo begins shooting for new web-series in Kolkata|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/arifin-shuvoo-begins-shooting-new-web-series-kolkata-3748696|website=The Daily Star|date=9 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SonyLIV announces Jazz City, new series based on 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/Dec/17/sonyliv-announces-jazz-city-new-series-based-on-1971-bangladesh-liberation-war|website=Cinema Express|date=17 December 2025}}</ref>
The trailer was released on 16 February 2026.<ref>{{cite web|title=‘Jazz City’ trailer: Music, love and revolution in 1970s Kolkata|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1090786/jazz-city-trailer-music-love-and-revolution-in-1970s-kolkata|website=scroll.in|date=16 February 2026}}</ref>

== Release ==
Earlier it was scheduled to release on 6 February 2026, but it was postponed to 19 March 2026.<ref>{{cite web|title='Jazz City's Jimmy is Bengal's Dhurandhar but he doesn't touch a single gun in the whole show': Soumik Sen|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/jazz-citys-jimmy-is-bengals-dhurandhar-but-he-doesnt-touch-a-single-gun-in-the-whole-show-soumik-sen-exclusive/2e6e5e5510638|website=14 March 2026|date=14 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='Jazz City' Trailer: Vinay Sharma and Soumen Chakraborty starrer 'Jazz City' Official Trailer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/web-series/bengali/jazz-city-trailer-video-vinay-sharma-and-soumen-chakraborty-starrer-jazz-city-official-trailer-video/videoshow/128944134.cms|website=The Times of India|date=2 March 2026}}</ref>

== Episodes ==
Having 10 Episodes

== Reception ==
Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' observed that it is "All decked up with nowhere to go."<ref>{{cite web|first=Rahul|last=Desai|title=‘Jazz City’ Series Review: An Overindulgent Ode To History and Patriotism|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/jazz-city-series-review-an-overindulgent-ode-to-history-and-patriotism|website=The Hollywood Reporter India|date=19 March 2026}}</ref>
[[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 1.5 stars out of 5 and said that "There was potential here, but it is let down by the length and laxity, a rare misfire for SonyLIV, which has mastered the art of creating and presenting solid period drama."<ref>{{cite web|first=Shubhra|last=Gupta|title=Jazz City review: A period drama that never finds its rhythm|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/jazz-city-review-a-period-drama-that-never-finds-its-rhythm-10592326/|website=The Indian Express|date=19 March 2026}}</ref>

[[Deepa Gahlot]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated it 2.5/5 satrs and said that "Jazz City could have been enjoyable had it not been so densely over-plotted and unevenly executed."<ref>{{cite web|first=Deepa|last=Gahlot|title=Jazz City Review: Over-Ambitious Historical Fiction|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/jazz-city-review-ott-sonyliv/20260319.htm|website=Rediff.com|date=19 March 2026}}</ref>
Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' observed that "Sen’s adda approach to the plotting results in a rambling, muddled and repetitive series that takes 10 episodes for what could have been explored in half the duration."<ref>{{cite web|first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|title=‘Jazz City’ review: An overstuffed and muddled show about the creation of Bangladesh|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1091444/jazz-city-review-an-overstuffed-and-muddled-show-about-the-creation-of-bangladesh|website=scroll.in|date=19 March 2026}}</ref>

Vinamra Mathur of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and said that "Jazz City tries to tick too many boxes at once. It wants to be a political thriller, it wants to be a commentary on politicians and the people in power. It also wants to be a swanky web-series brimming with style and sass."<ref>{{cite web|first=Vinamra|last=Mathur|title='Jazz City' Web-Series Review: This show about the formation of Bangladesh is part 'Dhurandhar' and part 'Bombay Velvet'|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jazz-city-web-series-review-this-show-about-the-formation-of-bangladesh-is-part-dhurandhar-and-part-bombay-velvet-13991410.html|website=Firstpost|date=19 March 2026}}</ref>
Santanu Das of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 2 stars out of 5 and said, "Jazz City means well, but how long can it survive just on the basis of that? It is a show that sinks under its own weight and is never fully able to commit to the danger, restlessness, and anxiety of a troubled socio-political climate. It is too neat, too calculated, and sadly, too eager to reach a resolution."<ref>{{cite web|first=Santanu|last=Das|title=Jazz City review: Historical drama about the birth of Bangladesh is painfully indulgent and out of tune|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/jazz-city-review-historical-drama-about-the-birth-of-bangladesh-is-painfully-indulgent-and-out-of-tune-101773939859755.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=19 March 2026}}</ref>

Abhishek Srivastava of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 3/5 stars and said that "‘Jazz City' is refined, patient storytelling elevated by strong performances and a rich musical canvas. Worth watching if you’re drawn to layered, culturally rooted historical dramas."<ref>{{cite web|first=Abhishek|last=Srivastava|title=Jazz City Season 1 Review : Ambitious period drama on Bangladesh’s birth, compromised by a scattered plot|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/jazz-city/season-1/seasonreview/128945077.cms|website=The Times of India|date=19 March 2026}}</ref>
Troy Ribeiro of ''[[Free Press Journal]]'' writes that "Jazz City is ambitious, atmospheric, and intermittently engaging, but ultimately uneven. It captures the mood of a turbulent time without fully harnessing its dramatic potential. For all its visual finesse and thematic richness, it remains curiously distant, more observed than felt. Overall, the series hums with promise but rarely soars."<ref>{{cite web|first=Troy|last=Ribeiro|title=Jazz City Review: Soumik Sen's Directorial Series Is Ambitious, Hums With Promise But Rarely Soars|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/jazz-city-review-soumik-sens-directorial-series-is-ambitious-hums-with-promise-but-rarely-soars|website=Free Press Journal|date=19 March 2026}}</ref>
Jannatul Naym Pieal of ''[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]'' criticize it by calling it "The Bangladesh Liberation War is one such event. More than five decades on, it keeps showing up in Indian films and series -- as a narrative real estate reshaped, reframed, and almost always centred on India."<ref>{{cite web|first=Jannatul Naym|last=Pieal|title=Bollywood at it again, tells Bangladesh’s story without Bangladesh|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/bollywood-it-again-tells-bangladeshs-story-without-bangladesh-4132906|website=The Daily Star|date=20 March 2026}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[SonyLIV original programming]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|39205437}}

[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Sports television in India]]
[[Category:SonyLIV original programming]]

South Dum Dum

2026-04-02T12:48:55Z

RosariaE70: added the info basic info

{{Short description|Neighbourhood of Kolkata, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = South Dum Dum
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = transparent
| total_width = 310
| image_style =
| perrow = 2/2
|image1 = KOLKATA TIME ZONE.JPG
|caption1 = Kolkata Time Zone Tower, Lake Town
| image2 = South DumDum Municipality.jpg
| caption2 = South Dum Dum Municipal Headquarters
| image3 = Nagerbazar Flyover 2025.jpg
|caption3 = Nagerbazar Flyover
| image4 = Jessore Road, Dum Dum.jpg
| caption4 = Jessore Road
|image5 = Nagerbazar Crossing (Dum Dum).jpg
|caption5 = Nagerbazar Crossing
|image6 = Dum Dum Road - Kolkata 2017-08-08 4031.JPG
|caption6 = Dum Dum Road}}
| image_alt =
| pushpin_map = India Kolkata#India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kolkata
| coordinates = {{coord|22.61|N|88.40|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of West Bengal|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Presidency division|Presidency]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[North 24 Parganas]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Kolkata Metro|Metro Station]]
| subdivision_name4 = {{Bulleted list|[[Belgachia metro station|Belgachia]]|[[Dum Dum metro station|Dum Dum]]|[[Dum Dum Cantonment metro station|Dum Dum Cantonment]]|[[Noapara metro station|Noapara]]}}
| subdivision_type5 = [[Kolkata Suburban Railway|Railway Station]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Dum Dum Junction railway station|Dum Dum Junction]] and [[Dum Dum Cantonment railway station|Dum Dum Cantonment]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{Start date and age|1870|df=yes}} {{small|(as South Dum Dum Municipality)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sddm.ind.in/about|title=South Dum Dum Municipality|publisher=SDDM|access-date=18 August 2024}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
| governing_body = [[South Dum Dum Municipality]]
| leader_title1 = Chairman
| leader_name1 = Kasturi Chowdhury
| leader_title2 = Vice-Chairman
| leader_name2 = Netai Dutta
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=South Dum Dum Municipality|url=https://barrackpore.gov.in/home/south_dumdum_municipality|publisher=Barrackpore subdivision}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 13.54
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 403,316
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 700028, 700030, 700048, 700055, 700065, 700074, 700077, 700089
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91 33
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dum Dum]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Dum Dum (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dum Dum]], [[Bidhannagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bidhannagar]], [[Rajarhat Gopalpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rajarhat Gopalpur]]
| website = {{URL|sddm.ind.in}}
| official_name =
}}

'''South Dum Dum''' is a town and a municipality in the [[Kolkata Metropolitan Area]] of [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is a part of the area covered by [[Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority]] (KMDA).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smartcitiescouncil.com/article/kolkatas-south-dum-dum-municipality-replace-street-lights-led|title=Kolkata's South Dum Dum Municipality to replace street lights with LED|publisher=smartcitiescouncil|access-date=5 September 2024}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
{{See|Dum Dum#Etymology}}
During the 19th century [[Dum Dum]] area was home to the [[Dum Dum Arsenal]], a British [[Royal Artillery]] facility.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First World War.com - Encyclopedia - Dum-Dum Bullet|url=https://www.firstworldwar.com/atoz/dumdum.htm|website=www.firstworldwar.com|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:দক্ষিন দমদম পৌরসভা.jpg|thumb|]]

In 1870, Dum Dum was divided into two parts named as South Dum Dum and North Dum Dum. Though South Dum Dum Municipality was established on 3rd July, 1870.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sddm.ind.in/about | title = South Dum Dum Municipality| publisher = SDDM | access-date = 31 Aug 2024}}</ref>

[[File:Clive House, Rastraguru Ave, Nagerbazar.jpg|thumb|Clive House, Nagerbazar]]

'''Clive House''' on Rastraguru Avenue in [[Nagerbazar]] is mired in controversy. It is thought of as the first ''pucca'' brick and cement building in North Kolkata area and was possibly built by the Portuguese. Some say that it was the hunting lodge of an Indian prince or nobleman. What is known is that it was used by British soldiers when they first entered the country. Later, [[Robert Clive]] took the area over, renovated it, added a floor to the single-story building, and made it his country house around 1757-60. The house is located on raised ground in otherwise flat surroundings. When Clive House was excavated, a variety of artefacts were recovered, including coins, terracotta figures, sculptures, pottery and intelligence on a Portuguese fort. The articles found could be of the [[Sena dynasty|Sen period]], or may alternatively have links with the ancient civilization unearthed earlier at [[Chandraketugarh]]. Clive House has been in the domain of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] since 2004, but squatters inside and outside the structure have hindered restoration work.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ordnancedumdum.gov.in/history/history.php|title=Ordnance Factory Dum Dum|work=Dum Dum Story|publisher=Indian Ordnance Factories|access-date=29 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://calcutta-kolkata-asim.blogspot.com/2011/11/heritage-of-kolkata-clive-house-under.html|title=Heritage of Kolkata – Clive House – under dilapidation|date=26 November 2011|publisher=Asim Kumar 2011|access-date=29 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="censushandbook">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf|title=District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A|work=Places of religious importance, Page 123|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal|access-date=29 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1030523/asp/calcutta/story_1991198.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030707124044/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1030523/asp/calcutta/story_1991198.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 July 2003|title=Old house on the hill|publisher=The Telegraph, 23 May 2003|access-date=29 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1060124/asp/calcutta/story_5757213.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508202610/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060124/asp/calcutta/story_5757213.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 May 2006|title=The two faces of Clive House in Dum Dum – Squatters inside or outside building still impeding Archaeulogical Survey's restoration project|publisher=The Telegraph, 24 January 2006|access-date=29 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Dum-Dum-mound-may-rewrite-Kolkata-history/articleshow/45244284.cms|title=Dum Dum mound may rewrite Kolkata history|newspaper=The Times of India |date=23 November 2014 |publisher=The Times of India, 23 November 2014|access-date=29 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vivatheritage.co.uk/clive-of-indias-house-at-dum-dum-calcutta/|title=Clive of India's House at Dum Dum, Calcutta|publisher=Vivat Heritage, 2012|access-date=29 July 2018}}</ref>

With the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|partition of Bengal]] in 1947, "millions of refugees poured in from erstwhile [[East Pakistan]]."<ref>Chatterjee, Monideep, "Town Planning in Calcutta: Past, Present and Future", in "Calcutta, The Living City" Vol II, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Page 142, First published 1990, 2005 edition, {{ISBN|0-19-563697-X}}</ref> In the initial stages, the bulk of these refugees were non-agriculturists. A few of them made their own arrangements, but "it was squatters who made the [[East Bengali refugees]] famous or infamous." Squatting (''jabardakhal'' in Bengali) ranged from the forcible occupation of barracks to the collective take-over of private, government, and wasteland. By 1949, there were a total of 65 refugee colonies in the Dum Dum and Panihati zones. The squatters were in a way "self-settlers" in the absence of adequate official arrangements for rehabilitation. Within a very short time, the refugees (quite often with government/administrative support) not only found a place to stay but developed a society that included markets, schools, temples and sometimes even colleges, hospitals and recreational centres.<ref>Chatterjee, Nilanjana, "The East Bengal Refugees: A Lesson in Survival", in "Calcutta, The Living City" Vol II, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Pages 72-75, First published 1990, 2005 edition, {{ISBN|0-19-563697-X}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271664458 |title = The Myths Refugees Live By Memory and History of the Making of Bengali Refugee Identity |first=Uditi|last=Sen|journal = Modern Asian Studies|volume = 48 |pages = 37–76 | access-date = 5 March 2018|doi = 10.1017/S0026749X12000613 |year = 2014 |s2cid = 144297665 }}</ref>

== Geography ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=300| height=330| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|22|41|47|N|88|24|32|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the southern portion of Barrackpore subdivision in North 24 Parganas district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, N: neighbourhood/ administrative location Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
| minimap = file| mini-file = India West Bengal adm location map.svg
| mini-width = 103 | mini-height = 158
| minipog-x = 66 | minipog-y = 120
| scalemark = 110 | minimap-boxwidth=12|nolabels=1
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|46|24|N|88|21|49|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Barrackpore| numbered1=M | mark-title1=[[Barrackpore]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|45|35|N|88|21|30|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Barrackpore |labela2=Cantonment| mark-title2=[[Barrackpur Cantonment|Barrackpore Cantonment]]| numbered2=0| shape-color2=#AA6666|label-offset-y2=-2
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|45|16|N|88|23|24|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Chak Kanthalia| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Chak Kanthalia]] (CT)|shape-color3=#A40000
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|44|52|N|88|24|31|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Ruiya| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Ruiya]] (CT)|shape-color4=#A40000
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|44|12|N|88|23|38|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Patulia| numbered5=CT | mark-title5= [[Patulia]] (CT)|shape-color5=#A40000
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|43|48|N|88|23|38|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Bandipur| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Bandipur, North 24 Parganas|Bandipur]] (CT)|shape-color6=#A40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|44|14|N|88|22|12|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7=Titagarh| numbered7=M | mark-title7= [[Titagarh]] (M)|shape-color7=#800000
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|43|10|N|88|22|1|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Khardaha| numbered8=M| mark-title8= [[Khardaha]] (M)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|41|31|N|88|22|12|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Panihati| numbered9=M| mark-title9= [[Panihati]] (M)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|41|57|N|88|24|32|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=Ghola| numbered10=N| mark-title10= [[Ghola, North 24 Parganas|Ghola]] (N)|shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|42|28|N|88|24|41|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Bilkanda| numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Bilkanda]] (CT)|shape-color11=#A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|41|30|N|88|25|12|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Muragachha| numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Muragachha]] (CT)|shape-color12=#A40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|42|41|N|88|26|0|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=Talbandha| numbered13=CT| mark-title13= [[Talbandha]] (CT)|shape-color13=#A40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|41|3|N|88|26|5|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14=Chandpur| numbered14=CT| mark-title14= [[Chandpur, Ghola|Chandpur]] (CT)|shape-color14=#A40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|40|24|N|88|24|53|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15=Teghori| numbered15=CT| mark-title15= [[Teghori]] (CT)|shape-color15=#A40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|42|7|N|88|23|22|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16=Sodepur| numbered16=N| mark-title16= [[Sodepur]] (N)| shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|40|48|N|88|22|48|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17=Agarpara| numbered17=N| mark-title17= [[Agarpara]] (N)|shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|42|15|N|88|26|25|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18=New Barrackpore| numbered18=M| mark-title18= [[New Barrackpore]] (M)|
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|41|10|N|88|22|13|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Kamarhati| numbered19=M| mark-title19= [[Kamarhati]] (M)
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|40|2|N|88|22|42|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Belgharia| numbered20=N| mark-title20= [[Belgharia]] (N)|shape-color20=#C42222
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|38|0|N|88|22|12|E}} | label-pos21=top|label21= Baranagar| numbered21=M| mark-title21= [[Baranagar]] (M)
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|38|45|N|88|25|56|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Dum Dum| numbered22=M| mark-title22= Dum Dum (M)|
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|39|10|N|88|25|6|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= North Dumdum| numbered23=M| mark-title23= [[North Dumdum]] (M)
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|37|45|N|88|24|0|E}} | label-pos24=bottom|label24= South Dumdum| numbered24=M| mark-title24= [[South Dumdum]] (M)|shape-color24=black| label-size24=13|label-color24=black 
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|39|40|N|88|24|33|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Nimta| numbered25=N| mark-title25= [[Nimta]] (N)|shape-color25=#C42222
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|43|20|N|88|24|48|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Karna Madhabpur| numbered26=N| mark-title26= [[Karna Madhabpur]] (N)|shape-color26=#C42222
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|45|40|N|88|25|28|E}} | label-pos27=right|label27= Nilganj| numbered27=N| mark-title27= [[Nilganj]] (N)|shape-color27=#C42222
|mark-coord28={{coord|22.6292|88.3578}}| label28=Hooghly| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=76| label-pos28=top| label-size28=9| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|22.6112|88.3578}}| label29=River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=114| label-pos29=top| label-size29=9| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none}}

=== Location ===
South Dum Dum is located at {{Coord|22.61|N|88.40|E}}.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://maps.yahoo.com/#mvt=m&lat=22.61086&lon=88.40931&zoom=14&q1=South%2520Dumdum%252C%2520West%2520Bengal%252C%2520India
|title = Yahoo maps of South Dum Dum
|publisher = Yahoo maps
|access-date = 2008-11-29
}}</ref>

South Dum Dum is bounded by [[North Dum Dum]] (Municipality) and [[Dum Dum]] (Municipality) on the north, [[Baguiati]] and adjacent areas of [[VIP Road]] on the east, [[Salt Lake City, Kolkata|Salt Lake]] on the south and [[Belgachia]] and [[Sinthee]] in [[Kolkata district]] and [[Baranagar]] (Municipality) on the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Map of Barrackpore II CD Block on Page 379 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 23 July 2018}}</ref>

96% of the population of [[Barrackpore subdivision]] (partly presented in the map alongside, all places marked on the map are linked in the full screen map) lives in urban areas. In 2011, it had a density of population of 10,967 per km2. The subdivision has 16 municipalities and 24 census towns.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook |work = North 24 Parganas 2013, Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 May 2018}}</ref>

=== Neighbourhoods ===

South Dum Dum consists of localities such as [[Nagerbazar]], [[Satgachi]], [[Amarpalli, Dum Dum|Amarpalli]], [[Motijheel, Dum Dum|Motijheel]], [[Laxminagar, Dum Dum|Laxminagar]], [[Bandhab Nagar]], [[Golpark, Dum Dum|Golpark]], [[Purba Sinthee]], [[Subhas Nagar]], [[Bediapara, Dum Dum|Bediapara]], [[Rabindra Nagar]], Jheel Bagan, Basak Bagan, Seth Bagan, [[Jawpur]], Kalindi, [[Patipukur]], [[Dakshindari]], [[Dum Dum Park]], [[Bangur Avenue]], [[Lake Town, Kolkata|Lake Town]], Shyamnagar, Naskar Bagan, Green Park and [[Mathkal]].<ref name=google>Google maps</ref>

=== Police station ===
[[Dum Dum#Police station|Dum Dum]] police station under [[Barrackpore Police Commissionerate]] has jurisdiction over South Dum Dum municipal areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://barrackporecitypolice.in/|title=Barrackpore Police Commissionerate|website=barrackporecitypolice.in|access-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref>

[[File:Dum Dum police station.jpg|thumb|Dum Dum police station]]

[[Lake Town, Kolkata#Police station|Lake Town]] police station under [[Bidhannagar Police Commissionerate]] also has jurisdiction over parts of South Dum Dum municipal areas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bidhannagarcitypolice.gov.in/index.php|title=Bidhannagar City Police|website=bidhannagarcitypolice.gov.in|access-date=2019-11-24}}</ref>

[[File:Lake Town police station.jpg|thumb|Lake Town police station]]

Newly established [[Nagerbazar]] police station under [[Barrackpore Police Commissionerate]] also has jurisdiction over parts of South Dum Dum municipal areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://barrackporecitypolice.in/|title=Barrackpore Police Commissionerate|website=barrackporecitypolice.in|access-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref>

=== Post Offices ===
South Dum Dum is a vast locality with many [[Postal Index Number]]s:

[[Purba Sinthee]] has a non-delivery sub post office, with [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] 700030. Other post offices with the same PIN are Sethbagan and Ghughudanga.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://pincode.net.in/WEST_BENGAL/KOLKATA/P/PURBA_SINTHEE | title = Purba Sinthee sub post office | publisher = pincode.net.in |access-date = 15 Aug 2024}}</ref>

[[Rabindra Nagar]] has a delivery sub post office, with [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] 700065. Other post office with the same PIN is Subhas Nagar and Health Institute.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pincode.net.in/WEST_BENGAL/KOLKATA/R/RABINDRA_NAGAR|title=Rabindra Nagar Post office|access-date=17 Feb 2025}}</ref>

[[Bediapara, Dum Dum|Bediapara]] has a delivery sub post office, with [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] 700077.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.postoffices.co.in/westbengal-wb/bediapara-kolkata-77/ | title = Bediapara sub post office | publisher = postoffices.co.in |access-date = 15 Aug 2024}}</ref>

[[Nagerbazar]] has a non-delivery sub-post office, with [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] 700028. Jugipara Satgachi is another post office with the same PIN.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.postoffices.co.in/westbengal-wb/nagerbazar-kolkata-28/ | title = Nagerbazar sub post office | publisher = postoffices.co.in |access-date = 15 Aug 2024}}</ref>

[[Motijheel, Dum Dum|Motijheel]] has a delivery sub post office, with [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] 700074. Other post offices with the same PIN are Dum Dum Road and Jawpore.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.postoffices.co.in/westbengal-wb/motijheel-kolkata-74/ | title = Motijheel sub post office | publisher = postoffices.co.in |access-date = 15 Aug 2024}}</ref>

[[Dum Dum Park]] has a non-delivery sub post office, with [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] 700055. Other post offices with the same PIN are Bangur Avenue and Shyamnagar.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://pincode.net.in/WEST_BENGAL/NORTH_24_PARGANAS/D/DUM_DUM_PARK | title = Dum Dum Park sub post office | publisher = pincode.net.in |access-date = 15 Aug 2024}}</ref>

[[Lake Town, Kolkata|Lake Town]] has a delivery sub-post office, with [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] 700089. Another post office with the same PIN is Kalindi Housing Estate.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.postoffices.co.in/westbengal-wb/lake-town-north-24-parganas-north-pgs-parganas/ | title = Lake Town sub post office | publisher = postoffices.co.in |access-date = 15 Aug 2024}}</ref>

[[Patipukur]] has a non-delivery sub-post office, with [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] 700048. Other post offices with the same PIN are Sreebhumi and Sadhana Ausudhalaya Road (Dakshindari).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.postoffices.co.in/westbengal-wb/patipukur-48-north-24-parganas/ | title = Patipukur sub post office | publisher = postoffices.co.in |access-date = 15 Aug 2024}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations
|title= Population of South Dum Dum
|state=
|1901|10904
|1911|12874
|1921|14030
|1931|18471
|1941|25838
|1951|61391
|1961|111284
|1971|174342
|1981|230266
|1991|232811
|2001|392444
|2011|403316
|footnote=Source:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 781-783 Statement I: Growth History, Pages 799-803 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 11 June 2018}}</ref>
}}

=== Population ===
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], South Dum Dum had a total population of 403,316, of which 202,214 (50%) were males and 201,102 (50%) were females. Population below 6 years was 28,703. The total number of literates in South Dum Dum was 344,971 (92.09% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 7 June 2018 }}</ref>

{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> South Dumdum had a population of 392,150. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. South Dum Dum has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 87%, and female literacy is 80%. In South Dum Dum, 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.
===Religion===

=== Kolkata Urban Agglomeration ===
The following Municipalities, Census Towns and other locations in Barrackpore subdivision were part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in the 2011 census: [[Kanchrapara]] (M), [[Jetia]] (CT), [[Halisahar]] (M), [[Balibhara]] (CT), [[Naihati]] (M), [[Bhatpara]] (M), [[Kaugachhi]] (CT), [[Garshyamnagar]] (CT), [[Garulia]] (M), [[Ichhapur Defence Estate]] (CT), [[North Barrackpur]] (M), [[Barrackpur Cantonment]] (CB), [[Barrackpore]] (M), [[Jafarpur]] (CT), [[Ruiya]] (CT), [[Titagarh]] (M), [[Khardaha]] (M), [[Bandipur, North 24 Parganas|Bandipur]] (CT), [[Panihati]] (M), [[Muragachha]] (CT) [[New Barrackpore]] (M), [[Chandpur, Ghola|Chandpur]] (CT), [[Talbandha]] (CT), [[Patulia]] (CT), [[Kamarhati]] (M), [[Baranagar]] (M), '''South Dum Dum''' (M), [[North Dumdum]] (M), [[Dum Dum]] (M), [[Noapara, India|Noapara]] (CT), [[Babanpur]] (CT), [[Teghari]] (CT), [[Nanna, North 24 Parganas|Nanna]] (OG), Chakla (OG), Srotribati (OG) and [[Panpur]] (OG).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | work= Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh |publisher= Census of India 2011 | access-date = 7 June 2018}}</ref>
===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages spoken in South Dumdum City (2011)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref>
|label1 = [[Bengali language| Bengali]]
|value1= 81.80
|color1 =red
|label2= [[Hindi language| Hindi]]
|value2= 15.14
|color2=orange
|label3 = [[ Urdu language| Urdu]]
|value3 = 0.89
|color3 = green
|label4 = [[ Marwari language| Marwari]]
|value4 = 0.81
|color4 =pink
|label5 = [[ Odia language| Odia]]
|value5= 0.36
|color5 = black
|label6 = Others
|value6= 1.19
|color6 = white
}}

== Economy ==

*'''The Wesman Engineering Company Ltd.'''
[[File:Wesman Engineering Co Ltd, South Dumdum.jpg|thumb|Wesman Engineering Co Ltd, Dum Dum Road]]
[[File:Wesman Engineering Co Ltd.jpg|thumb|Wesman Engineering Ltd. Workshop]]
*'''Gluconate Health Limited'''
[[File:Gluconate Health Limited.jpg|thumb|Gluconate Health Ltd, Health Inst. Rd, Dum Dum Cantonment]]
[[File:Gluconate Health Ltd.jpg|thumb|Gluconate Health Ltd. Admin Building]]
*'''Saltee Plaza (Commercial Complex)'''
[[File:Saltee Plaza - Jessore Road - Dum Dum - Kolkata 2017-08-08 4000.JPG|thumb|Saltee Plaza, [[Nagerbazar]]]]

=== KMDA ===

South Dum Dum municipality is included in the [[Kolkata Metropolitan Area]] for which the [[Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority|KMDA]] is the statutory planning and development authority.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kmda.wb.gov.in/page/cms/introducing_kmda_011393|title=Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority|publisher=KMDA|access-date=20 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kmda.wb.gov.in/page/cms/map_of_kma_c1fed8|title=Kolkata Metropolitan Area Map|publisher=KMDA|access-date=20 September 2024}}</ref>

==Education==
{{See also|North Dumdum#Education|Dum Dum#Education}}
[[File:Dum Dum Subhas Nagar High School.jpg|thumb|Dum Dum Subhas Nagar High School]]

The following institutions are located in South Dum Dum:

* '''[[Dum Dum Motijheel College]]''' was established in Dum Dum in 1950. The college runs in two shifts. The women's section has classes in the morning and the coeducational section has classes during the day. Both the sections offer various subjects. The college has a post graduate unit in M.Sc. mathematics and M.A. English. It offers a vocational course in instrumentation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dumdummotijheelcollege.in/|title=Dum Dum Motijheel College|publisher=DDMC|access-date=8 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collegeadmission.in/Dumdum_Motijheel_College/Notice2015/admission_notice_2015.shtml|title=Dum Dum Motijheel College|publisher=College Admission|access-date=8 May 2018}}</ref>
* '''[[Dum Dum Motijheel Rabindra Mahavidyalaya]]''' was established at Dum Dum in 1968.It was started as an evening college in commerce, became a day college in commerce in 1974 and finally a general day college, with arts, science, and commerce courses, in 2004. It offers B.Com (Hons) in marketing, geography honours in B.Sc. and Journalism honours in B.A.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ddmrm.org/|title=Dum Dum Motijheel Rabindra Mahavidyalaya|publisher=DDMRM|access-date=8 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collegeadmission.in/Dumdum_Motijheel_Rabindra_Mahavidyalaya/Dumdum_Motijheel_Rabindra_Mahavidyalaya.shtml|title=Dum Dum Motijheel Rabindra Mahaviyalaya|publisher=College Admission|access-date=8 May 2018}}</ref>
*'''[[East Calcutta Girls' College]]''', Lake Town, was established in 1992. It is a women's college in Kolkata and offers undergraduate courses in commerce, arts and sciences. It is affiliated to West Bengal State University. Until 2008, the college was affiliated to Calcutta University.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ecgcollege.in/|title=East Calcutta Girl's College|access-date=2 September 2024}}</ref>
*'''[[Ramakrishna Sarada Mission Vivekananda Vidyabhavan]]''' was established by Ramakrishna Sarada Mission at Dum Dum in 1961. It is a partly residential college for women. It offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, education, history, philosophy, political science, sociology, journalism & mass communication, economics and geography.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rksmvv.ac.in/|title=Ramakrishna Sarada Mission Vivekananda Vidyabhaban|publisher=RSMVV|access-date=8 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collegeadmission.in/Ramkrishna_Sarada_Mission_Vivekananda_Vidyabhavan/Ramkrishna_Sarada_Mission_Vivekananda_Vidyabhavan.shtml|title=Ramakrishna Sarada Mission Vivekananda Vidyabhaban|publisher=collegesdmission.in|access-date=8 May 2018}}</ref>
*'''Indian College of Arts and Draftsmanship''', was established at Dum Dum in 1893. It offers courses in painting, applied arts, sculpture and graphics. It is affiliated with [[Rabindra Bharati University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianartcollege.com/|title=Indian College of Arts and Draftsmanship|access-date=2 September 2024}}</ref>
*'''Dum Dum Krishna Kumar Hindu Academy''', at Motijheel Avenue, Amarpalli, is a boys only Bengali-medium higher secondary school. It has arrangements for teaching from Classes VI – XII. It was established in 1933.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://ddkkha.com/ | title = Dum Dum K.K. Hindu Academy [H.S.] Govt Sponsored | publisher = DDKKHA | access-date = 29 July 2018}}</ref>
*'''Dum Dum Kishore Bharati High School''', Motijheel Avenue, in Ward No. 9, South Dum Dum Municipality, is a boys only Bengali-medium higher secondary school. It has arrangements for teaching from Classes VI – XII. It was established in 1965.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schoolconnects.in/dum-dum-kishore-bharati-high-school-motijheel-avenue | title = Dum Dum Kishore Bharati High School |publisher = School Connects | access-date = 29 July 2018}}</ref>
*'''[[Dum Dum Motijheel Girls' High School]]''', at Dum Dum Road, is a girls’ only high school, under WB board, providing higher secondary education.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grotal.com/Website-of-Dum-Dum-Motijheel-Girls-High-School-in-Kolkata-264643/|title=Dum Dum Motijheel Girls' High School|publisher=Grotal|access-date=29 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dumdummotijheelgirlshighschool.blogspot.com/|title=Dum Dum Motijheel Girls' High School|publisher=DDMHS|access-date=29 July 2018}}</ref>
*'''Dum Dum Prachya Banimandir for Boys''' and '''Dum Dum Prachya Banimandir for Girls''' at Seth Bagan. Schools are different for both genders and is a higher secondary school.<ref name="WBCHSE">{{cite web | url = http://wbchse.nic.in/admin/North_24_pgs_school_list.php?page=20&| title = West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education | work = Exam Venue| publisher = WBCHSE | access-date = 29 July 2018}}</ref>
*'''Dum Dum Sree Arabinda Vidyamandir''' at Khudiram Colony is a co-educational higher secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbchse.nic.in/admin/North_24_pgs_school_list.php?page=20&| title = West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education | work = Exam Venue| publisher = WBCHSE | access-date = 29 July 2018}}</ref>
*'''Patipukur Girls' High School''', Estd. in 1957, is a girls' higher secondary school at Patipukur.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://schools.org.in/north-twenty-four-pargana/19114403106/patipukur-girls-high-school.html|title=Patipukur Girls' High School|access-date=31 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Patipukur Pallisree Vidyalaya Higher secondary School''', Estd. in 1964, is a co-educational higher secondary school at Patipukur.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/history/19114403109|title=Patipukur Pallisree Vidyalaya Higher secondary School|access-date=31 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Patipukur Adyanath Siksha Mandir''', Estd. in 1950, is a co-educational higher secondary school at Patipukur.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19114403104|title=Patipukur Adyanath Siksha Mandir|access-date=31 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Laketown Govt. Sponsored Girls' High School''', Estd. in 1974, is a girls higher secondary school at Lake Town.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19114403003|title=Laketown Govt. Sponsored Girls' High School|publisher=|access-date=18 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''NarainDass Bangur Memorial Multipurpose School''', Estd. in 1966, is a boys higher secondary school at Bangur Avenue.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19114402903|title=NarainDass Bangur Memorial Multipurpose School|publisher=|access-date=18 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Krishnapur Adarsha Vidyamandir''' and '''Krishnapur Adarsha Vidyamandir for Girls''', at Dum Dum Park, in Ward No. 28, are Bengali-medium higher secondary schools. It has facilities for teaching in Classes VI to XII. It was established in 1954.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://targetstudy.com/school/51104/krishnapur-adarsha-vidyamandir/ | title = Krishnapur Adarsha Vidyamandir| publisher = Target Study | access-date = 29 July 2018}}</ref>
*'''Sahid Rameswar Vidyamandir''', Estd. in 1950, Jessore Road, Amarpalli, is a co-educational, higher secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbchse.nic.in/admin/North_24_pgs_school_list.php?page=47&/ | title = Sahid Rameswar Vidyamandir | publisher = WBCHSE | access-date = 29 July 2018}}</ref>
*'''Seth Bagan Adarsha Vidyamandir''', Estd. in 1950, is a co-educational, higher secondary school at Seth Bagan.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbchse.nic.in/admin/North_24_pgs_school_list.php?page=48&/ | title = West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education | publisher = WBCHSE | access-date = 29 July 2018}}</ref>
*'''Laxminagar High School''', Estd. in 1966, is a secondary school at Laxminagar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19114401003|title=Laxminagar High School|access-date=2 September 2024}}</ref>
*'''Dr. B.C Roy Vidyamandir''' is an English medium co-educational secondary school at Jawpur Rd, Dum Dum.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.justdial.com/Kolkata/Dr-B-C-Roy-Vidyamandir-Near-Supari-Bagan-Dumdum-Motijheel/033PXX33-XX33-231129153220-G3L2_BZDET|title=Dr. B.C Roy Vidyamandir|publisher=|access-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Ghughudanga Bharati Vidyamandir''', Estd. in 1970, is a co-educational secondary school at Dum Dum Purba Sinthee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19114401205|title=Ghughudanga Bharati Vidyamandir|publisher=|access-date=18 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Christ Church Girls' High School''', Jessore Road, is a Bengali-medium, girls only school preparing students for madhyamik and higher secondary examination of the West Bengal boards. Established in 1882, it has arrangements for teaching from Infant to Class XII. Admission for Primary section starts around December. It has hostel facilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ccghs.in/|title=Christ Church Girls' High School|publisher=ccghs.in|access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref>
*'''[[St. Mary's Orphanage & Day School, Kolkata]]''' was initially set up by [[Congregation of Christian Brothers|Christian Brothers]] from Ireland at Murgighata in Calcutta in 1848 and shifted to Dum Dum Road in 1947. It is a boys only institution and prepares students for the ICSE and ISC examinations.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://smods.in/ | title = St. Mary's Orphanage & Day School | publisher = | access-date = 15 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Dum Dum Subhas Nagar High School''' and '''Dum Dum Subhas Nagar Girls High School''', Estd. in 1954 and 1955 respectively, are oldest and reputed higher secondary schools at Subhas Nagar, Dum Dum Cantonment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19114400509|title=Dum Dum Subhas Nagar High School|publisher=|access-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19114400504|title=Dum Dum Subhas Nagar Girls High School|publisher=|access-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Dum Dum Deshbandhu High School''' is a primary and higher secondary school at Subhas Nagar Bye Lane, South Subhas Nagar, Dum Dum Cantonment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19114400603|title=Dum Dum Deshbandhu High School|publisher=|access-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Assembly of God Church School, Dum Dum''' was set up by Assembly of God Mission in Dum Dum area at Surya Sen Pally, Dum Dum Cantonment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://agcschools.edu.in/|title=Assembly of God Church Schools|access-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Dum Dum Bapuji Colony Adarsha Buniadi Vidyamandir''' is a government sponsored co-educational secondary school at Satgachi, Dum Dum.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19114402307|title=Dum Dum Bapuji Colony Adarsha Buniadi Vidyamandir|access-date=5 Feb 2025}}</ref>
*'''Dum Dum Sarvodaya Balika Vidyapith''' is a govt. sponsored girls secondary school at Satgachi, Dum Dum.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19114402304|title=Dumdum Sarvodaya Balika Vidyapith|publisher=|access-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Dum Dum Vivekananda Vidyalaya''' is a govt. sponsored co-educational secondary school at Nagendra Nath Rd, Nagerbazar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19114402403|title=Dum Dum Vivekananda Vidyalaya|publisher=|access-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Uttar Rabindranagar Vivekananda High School''', Estd. in 1964, is a co-educational higher secondary school at Vivekananda Pally, Rabindra Nagar, Dum Dum Cantonment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://schools.org.in/north-twenty-four-pargana/19114400207/uttar-rabindranagar-vivekanand.html|title=Uttar Rabindranagar Vivekananda High School|publisher=|access-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Shibtala Adarsha High School''' is a co-educational high school at Laxmi Narayan Rd, P.O Rabindra Nagar, Dum Dum Cantonment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19114400206|title=Shibtala Adarsha High School|publisher=|access-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Bediapara Monomohit Vidyapith High''' is a co-educational higher secondary school at Dum Dum Bediapara.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19114401105|title=Bediapara Monomohit Vidyapith High|publisher=|access-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Nalanda English Day High School''' is a co-educational English medium self-financed higher secondary school at Nagerbazar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ezyschooling.com/school/nalanda-english-day-high-school-nagerbazar-kolkata|title=Nalanda English Day High School|publisher=|access-date=15 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''North Kolkata Public High School''' is a co-educational English medium self-financed higher secondary school at Dum Dum Rd.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nicelocal.in/west-bengal/kids/north_kolkata_public_high_school-bb35/|title=North Kolkata Public High School|publisher=|access-date=18 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''Indira Gandhi Memorial Senior Secondary School''' is a co-educational English medium self-financed higher secondary school at Sreebhumi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestschool.net.in/indira-gandhi-memorial-senior-secondary-school/bwb179|title=Indira Gandhi Memorial Senior Secondary School|access-date=31 Aug 2024}}</ref>
*'''St. Stephen's School, Dum Dum''' established in 1971, is a co-educational English Medium higher secondary school under Barrackpore Diocesan Education Society. It is affiliated to [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations|CISCE]]. Out of its multiple branches throughout [[West Bengal]], it has two of them in Dum Dum; namely Wesley Primary Department and Main Branch.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ststephensschool.edu.in/|title=St. Stephen's School, Dum Dum|access-date=17 October 2024}}</ref>
*'''Dr. Sudhir Chandra Sur Institute of Technology & Sports Complex''' is a [[Private university|private]] [[Engineering education in India|engineering college]] owned by JIS Group, offering various technology courses in different engineering disciplines. It is currently affiliated to [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology|MAKAUT]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestcolleges.indiatoday.in/college-details/2/dr-sudhir-chandra-sur-institute-of-technology-sports-complex|title=Dr Sudhir Chandra Sur Institute of Technology & Sports Complex: Accreditation & Awards, Ranking, Fees - India Today|access-date=30 November 2024}}</ref>

== Healthcare ==

'''Hospitals''':

* South Dum Dum Maternity Home functions with 15 beds.<ref name=medical>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 25 July 2018}}</ref>

* South Dum Dum Municipal Hospital (near South Dum Dum Municipality), Nagerbazar.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sddm.ind.in/ | title = South Dum Dum Municipal Hospital | publisher = sddm.ind.in | access-date = 19 Aug 2024}}</ref>

* Dum Dum Medical Centre (3A Pollock Avenue, Kolkata 700080) is a multi-speciality hospital at Dum Dum.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dumdummedicalcentre.in/|title=Dum Dum Medical Centre|publisher=Dum Dum Medical Centre|access-date=10 September 2024}}</ref>

* ILS Hospital (near Nagerbazar Flyover) is a 120-bed multi-speciality hospital. It offers 14 surgical facilities and 2 speciality clinics – bariatric (weight-loss) and diabetic.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ilshospitals.com/index.php | title = Your health, our happiness | publisher = ILS Hospitals | access-date = 24 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/1130531/jsp/saltlake/story_16954001.jsp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130610233110/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130531/jsp/saltlake/story_16954001.jsp | url-status = dead | archive-date = 10 June 2013 | title = ILS Hospitals now opens in Dum Dum | publisher = The Telegraph, 31 May 2013 | access-date = 24 July 2018}}</ref>

* Gandhi Seva Sadan Hospital, Gandhi More, 207/1, S K Deb Road, (Shreebhumi) Kolkata 700048, (CT Scan, Digital X-ray, Ultrasonography with Colour Doppler, Cardiology Diagnosis with TMT, Halter Study, Echocardiography, ECG and Spirometry, Dialysis units, Pediatric Ward, Surgical Unit complete with Operation Theatres, Post-Operative Recovery, Geriatric ward, etc) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandhi Seva Sadan Hospital |url=https://gandhisevasangha.org/hospital.html#hospital |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=gandhisevasangha.org}}</ref>

* Dakshindari Hospital (Nehru colony, Dakshindari, Kolkata 700048) is a hospital aided by South Dum Dum Municipality.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/medical-equipment-upgrade-for-dakshindari-hospital-near-lake-town/cid/1852396|title=Medical equipment upgrade for Dakshindari hospital near Lake Town|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref>

* Dafodil Hospitals (Sreebhumi, Lake Town, Kolkata 700048) is a multi-speciality hospital.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dafodilhospitals.com/|title=Dafodil Hospital|publisher=www.dafodilhospitals.com|access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref>

A new municipality hospital is under construction, located on Jessore Road, near Shyamnagar Bus stop. Though the work is halted for many years due to some issues.

== Culture ==

{{multiple image|perrow=2/2|total_width=300|caption_align=center
| image1 = Sreebhumi Durga Puja 2022.jpg|caption1= Sreebhumi Sporting Club 2022
| image2 = Dum Dum Park Tarun Sangha 2023.jpg|caption2= Dum Dum Park Tarun Sangha 2023
| image3 = Dum Dum Dakshinpara.jpg|caption3= Dum Dum Dakshinpara Durgotsab 2024
| image4 = Dum Dum Park Tarun Dal 2023.jpg|caption4= Dum Dum Park Tarun Dal 2023}}

In recent years, the multiple high budget most elaborate and innovative theme [[Durga Puja]] of [[Kolkata]] organised by various organizations like '''Sreebhumi Sporting Club''', '''Dum Dum Park Tarun Sangha''', '''Dum Dum Park Bharat Chakra''', '''Dum Dum Park Tarun Dal''', '''Dum Dum Park Sarbojanin Durga Puja Samity''', '''Dum Dum Park Yubak Brinda''', '''Lake Town Adhibasi Brindo''', '''Netaji Sporting Club Lake Town''', '''Dakshinpara Durgotsab committee''' and others draw several visitors to the area during [[Durga Puja in Kolkata|Durga Puja]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/dum-dum-durga-puja-portrays-farmers-protest/cid/1834015|title=Dum Dum Durga Puja portrays farmers' protest|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=31 Aug 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/top-pujas-around-us/cid/1973080|title=Top Durga Pujas in North Kolkata and Dum Dum area|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=31 Aug 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/videos/district/durga-puja-2023-dumdum-park-tarun-sangha-surprised-visitors-by-theme-1017914|title=দমদম পার্ক তরুণ সঙ্ঘের থিমে মানুষ, প্রকৃতি ও দেবতার মধ্যে সম্পর্কের কথা|date=20 October 2023 |publisher=ABP Ananda|access-date=31 Aug 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/khuti-puja-2024-tirupati-look-for-sreebhumi/cid/2033229|title=Khuti Puja 2024: Tirupati look for Sreebhumi|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=5 September 2024}}</ref>

== Markets ==
'''Major markets in South Dumdum:'''

[[File:Diamond Plaza Mall.jpg|thumb|Diamond Plaza Mall, Jessore Rd <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.diamondplaza.in/|title=Diamond Plaza Mall - Kolkata|publisher=www.diamondplaza.in|access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref>]]

* Diamond Plaza Mall
* Nagerbazar Market
* Gorabazar Market
* Amrita Bazar Market
* Dum Dum Road Market
* Patipukur Fish Market
* Dum Dum Park Market
* Laketown-Kalindi Market
* Purba Sinthee Market
* Natun Bazar Market {{small|(Dum Dum Cantonment)}}
* Promodnagar Market

== Entertainment ==
'''Entertainment areas in South Dumdum:'''

[[File:Amal Dutta Krirangan, South Dum Dum.jpg|thumb|Amal Dutta Krirangan, Surer Math <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/aroop-biswas-inaugurates-amal-dutta-krirangan-in-dum-dum-404445|title=Aroop Biswas inaugurates Amal Dutta Krirangan in Dum Dum|publisher=millenniumpost|access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref>]]

[[File:Subhas Maidan, Subhas Nagar (Dum Dum).jpg|thumb|Subhas Maidan, Subhas Nagar]]

* Diamond Plaza Mall
* Indira Maidan
* Rabindra Bhavan
* Amal Dutta Krirangan
* Subhas Maidan

== Real Estates ==

[[File:Alcove Gloria - Apartment Complex - VIP Road - Kolkata 2017-05-10 7576.JPG|thumb|Alcove Gloria, [[VIP Road, Kolkata|VIP Road]] ([[Lake Town, Kolkata|Lake Town]])]]

[[File:Emami City, Dum Dum.jpg|thumb|Emami City, Golpark ([[Nagerbazar]])]]

[[File:Avani Oxford, Dum Dum.jpg|thumb|Avani Oxford, [[Jessore Road]] ([[Lake Town, Kolkata|Lake Town]]-[[Bangur Avenue]])]]

A planned township with large open spaces, parks and a lake, South Dumdum is one of the most sought-after residential areas of Northern fringes of [[Kolkata]]. Its proximity to [[Kolkata Airport]] and commercial centres like [[Salt Lake City, Kolkata|Salt Lake]] and [[New Town, Kolkata|New Town]] has been a catalyst for the rising property prices in recent years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.avaniestates.com/oxford.html|title=Avani Oxford|publisher=www.avaniestates.com|access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://emamirealty.com/properties/emami-city/#prettyPhoto|title=Emami City|publisher=emamirealty.com|access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gangotri-group.com/identity-laketown.html|title=Identity|publisher=www.gangotri-group.com|access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.naturalgroup.co.in/natural-city-lake-town.html|title=Natural City Lake Town|publisher=www.naturalgroup.co.in|access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.merlinprojects.com/projects/urvan/|title=Merlin Urvan|publisher=www.merlinprojects.com|access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[File:Jessore Road, Dum Dum.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Jessore Road]] in South Dumdum]]

[[National Highway 12 (India)|NH 12]] (previously NH 34), running from [[Dalkhola]] to [[Bakkhali]], locally popular as [[Jessore Road]], passes through South Dumdum.<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=16 September 2016|location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref name=google>Google maps</ref> In 2012, a flyover was opened from Amarpally to [[Nagerbazar]] Sarojini Naidu Women College to decongest the heavy traffic on [[Jessore Road]] towards the [[Kolkata Airport|Dumdum/Kolkata Airport]].<ref>{{cite news|title=CM inaugurates Nagerbazar flyover|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/cm-inaugurates-nagerbazar-flyover/928046/|access-date=16 March 2013|newspaper=Indian Express|date=25 March 2012}}</ref> Another important road named Dum Dum Road passes through South Dumdum connecting [[Dum Dum Junction railway station]] with [[Nagerbazar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.squareyards.com/dum-dum-road-in-kolkata-overview-4274|title=Dum Dum Road|publisher=Squareyards|access-date=5 October 2024}}</ref>

A large number of Buses ply along Jessore Rd and Dum Dum Rd are as follows:

* 3C/1 (Nagerbazar - Anandapur)
* 221 (Nagerbazar - Southern Avenue)
* 202 (Nagerbazar - Science City)
* 219 (Nagerbazar - Howrah Stn.)
* 219/1 (Nagerbazar - Howrah Stn.)
* Nagerbazar - Howrah Mini (S-168)
* 30D (Dum Dum Cant. - Babughat)
* 30B (Gouripur - Babughat)
* S10 (Airport Gate no 3 - Nabanna)
* AC 38 (Dum Dum Stn. - Karunamoyee)
* DN-8 (Barasat - Salt Lake Sector V)
* DN-9/1 (Barasat - Dakshineswar)
* 223 (B.T College - Golf Green)
* 227 (Bangur Avenue - B.N.R)
* 215/1 (Lake Town - Howrah Stn.)
* 47B (Lake Town - Kasba Dhanmath)
* KB-16 (Bangur Avenue - Shapoorji)
* 93 (Kharibari - Bagbazar)
* 79B (Barasat - Bagbazar)
* Nagerbazar - Dankuni Housing Bus
* Nagerbazar - Salap More Bus
* Rajchandrapur - Karunamoyee Bus
* AC 40 (Airport - Howrah Maidan)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/ac-minibuses/cid/1400239|title=AC minibuses|publisher=The Telegraph|date=11 April 2017|access-date=1 Aug 2025}}</ref>
* DN-18 (Baduria - Shyambazar)
* 91 (Bhangar - Shyambazar)
* 91A (Harao Banstala - Shyambazar)

[[Dum Dum Junction railway station]], on the [[Sealdah-Ranaghat line]], is about 7 km from the [[Sealdah railway station]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/dum-dum-junction-ddj/3239|title=DDJ/Dum Dum Junction|publisher=India Rail Info|access-date=5 October 2024}}</ref> It is a part of the [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] system. Two lines branch out after Dum Dum Junction railway station – the [[Sealdah-Ranaghat line|Calcutta Chord line]] linking [[Dum Dum Junction railway station]] with [[Dankuni Junction railway station]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/sealdah-dankuni-local-32211/17592/325/8034#st | title = 32211 Sealdah-Dankuni local| work = Time Table | publisher = Inidia Rail Info| access-date = 23 July 2018}}</ref> and the [[Sealdah-Hasnabad-Bangaon-Ranaghat line|Sealdah-Bangaon line]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/sealdah-bangaon-local-33811/17298/325/7814#st | title = 33811 Seldah Bangaon Local | work= Time Table | publisher = indiarailinfo |access-date = 26 May 2018}}</ref> Besides, [[Dum Dum Cantonment railway station]] is situated on the [[Sealdah-Hasnabad-Bangaon-Ranaghat line|Sealdah-Bangaon line]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/8004| title=DDC/Dum Dum Cantt| website=India Rail Info| access-date=5 October 2024}}</ref>

[[Kolkata Metro]], the first underground metro in India, was initially constructed from [[Dum Dum metro station|Dum Dum]] to [[Mahanayak Uttam Kumar metro station|Tollygunge]]. It was progressively commissioned, the full length of 16.45 km being commissioned in 1995.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kolmetro.com/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070820234733/http://www.kolmetro.com/ | url-status = usurped | archive-date = 20 August 2007 | title = Welcome to Metro Railway| publisher = Metro Railway, Kolkata | access-date = 29 July 2018}}</ref> [[Dum Dum metro station]] is located adjacent to [[Dum Dum Junction railway station]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,375,379 | title = Road Ahead… Projects Sanctioned | work = Dakshineswar-Dum Dum-Barrackpore Metro Extension | publisher = Metro Railway, Kolkata | access-date = 24 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.railnews.in/dakshineswar-metro-by-2019-pujas-says-chairman-railway-board/ | title = Dakshineswar Metro by 2019 Pujas: says Chairman, Railway Board | publisher = Rail News 6 March 2018 | access-date = 24 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/calcutta/land-cloud-over-dakshineswar-metro-set-to-lift-178182 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180725063658/https://www.telegraphindia.com/calcutta/land-cloud-over-dakshineswar-metro-set-to-lift-178182 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 25 July 2018 | title = Land cloud over Dakshineswar Metro set to lift | publisher = The Telegraph, 13 October 2017 | access-date = 24 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/dakshineswar-wont-feature-in-metro-map-by-december-2019/articleshow/61076181.cms | title = Dakshineswar won't feature in Metro map by December 2019 | newspaper = The Times of India | date = 14 October 2017 | publisher = The Times of India, 14 October 2017| access-date = 24 July 2018}}</ref>

[[Dum Dum Cantonment metro station]] is a under construction metro station of [[Yellow Line (Kolkata Metro)|Yellow Line]] of [[Kolkata Metro]]. It is situated just beside the [[Dum Dum Cantonment railway station]]. The station was inaugurated on 22 August 2025.

===Travel within South Dum Dum and Dum Dum===

There are a plenty of private buses, mini-buses and taxis, as well as a few WBTC buses in South Dum Dum. Autos are plentiful and can be used for short stretches.

[[Nagerbazar]] is the hub of autos where there are 4 routes originates viz:

1) Nagerbazar - Dum Dum Junction,

2) Nagerbazar - Dum Dum Cantonment,

3) Nagerbazar - Airport 1 no. gate,

4) Nagerbazar - Lake Town.

In addition, there are taxis: [[Nagerbazar]] has a large taxi stand. The other popular means of travel over short distances is the rickshaw, newly battery operated rickshaws (locally called Totos) can also be seen.

== See also ==

* [[Dum Dum]]
* [[North Dumdum]]
* [[Barrackpore subdivision]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Wikivoyage inline|Kolkata/Dum Dum}}
* [http://sddm.ind.in/ South Dum Dum Municipality website]
{{North 24 Parganas District}}
{{North 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Kolkata neighbourhoods}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Kolkata Metropolitan Area]]
[[Category:Cities in West Bengal]]

Devnarayan

2026-03-27T04:56:06Z

RosariaE70: brief fixed references per sources further to improve readability

{{Short description|Gurjar warrior from Rajasthan, India}}
{{redirect|Devji|the Indian actor|Devan (actor)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Shri Devnarayan Bhagwan the imperialGurjar.jpg
| adherents = [[shiva]] [[Kedarnath]]
| weapon = Sword, Spear
| father = Sri Sawai Bhoj
| mother = Mata Saadu
| consort = Pipalde
| region = Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh
| festivals = Devnarayan Jayanti, Makar Sakranti, Dev Ekadashi
| associate =
| children = Bila (son) and Bili (daughter)
}}
'''Devnarayan''' is a folk deity from [[Rajasthan]], India. He was an incarnation of [[Vishnu]] and he is worshipped mostly in Rajasthan and north-western [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name=exploration>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UyI6QWfi7oMC&pg=PA103|title=Nectar gaze and poison breath: an analysis and translation of the Rajasthani By Aditya Malik, Interpretations (Page 102 to 104)|date=24 February 2005 |publisher=oxford university press|isbn=978-0-19-803420-9 }}</ref><ref name="presentation5"/> According to tradition, he was born to Sri [[Savai Bhoj]] and Sadu mata<ref name="presentation">{{cite web|url= http://www.ignca.nic.in/devnp003.htm|title=The Rajasthani oral narrative of Devnarayan-Presentation mode, introduction|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts}}</ref> on the seventh day of the bright half (''shukla saptami'') of the month of [[Maagha|Maagh]] in the Hindu Calendar in [[Vikram Samvat]] 968 (911 AD).According to one view historical Devnarayan belonged to 10th century of Vikram Samvat, according another view, he lived in between 1200-1400 (Vikram Samvat era). The first view appears nearer to truth.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume One (A To Devo), Volume 1|author=Amaresh Datta|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=2006|id={{ISBN|978-81-260-1803-1}}|page=322|isbn=81-260-1803-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA322}}</ref>

The epic of Devnarayan is one of the longest and most popular religious oral narratives of Rajasthan.<ref>Of clowns and gods, Brahmans, and babus: humour in South Asian literature, Christina Oesterheld, Claus Peter Zoller pp. 157</ref> The epic of Devnarayan has been classified under the category of ''martial'' epics.<ref>Ways of dying: death and its meanings in South Asia, Elisabeth Schömbucher, Claus Peter Zoller, pp.234</ref>

==The narrative of Devnarayan==
[[File:Saadu Maata Gurjari.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Saadu Maata with her son Shri Devnarayan Bhagwan when he incarnated in lotus leaf at Maalasheri.]]
The oral epic of Devnarayan consists of a number of episodes related to the narrative of Devnarayan. This epic is sung by the Bhopas, the traditional priest-singers of Devnarayan during the nights of the months, November to July in the villages of [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malwa]].

The narrative begins with an invocation of a number of deities, whose images are depicted in the {{Transliteration|gu|[[phad painting|phads]]}}. The deities invoked are [[Saraswati|Sharada]], [[Ganesha]], [[Sarasvati]], Maccha, Kacchap, Varaha, Narasimha, Vaman, Parashuram, Ram and Krishna [[Avatar]]s of Vishnu, Bhairunath, [[Baba Ramdevji|Ramdev]], [[Shani]], [[Surya]] and Chandrama. The first part called the Bagaravat Bharat is about the heroic deeds of 24 brothers,<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume One (A To Devo), Volume 1|author=Amaresh Datta|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=2006|id={{ISBN|978-81-260-1803-1}}|page=322|isbn=81-260-1803-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA322|quote=Being the son of Baghji Bagrao, they were collectively known as bagaravat. They were Gurjar by caste.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=ways of dying: death and its meanings in South Asia|author=Elisabeth Schömbucher|author2=Claus Peter Zoller|publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors|year=1999|id={{ISBN|978-81-7304-243-0}}|page=235|isbn=81-7304-243-8 }}</ref> who are born as the sons of the man-lion, Baghji. The 24 brothers die after a preordained period of 12 years in a battle against a chieftain of Ran city. The second part is about Bhagavan's incarnation as Devnarayan, the miracles he performs and the revenge he and his cousins ultimately take on the Ran city chieftain. Devnarayan's mother is Sadu Mata and his father Savai Bhoj, the most courageous of the 24 Bagaravats. Whereas the first part is generally said to be marked by suffering (dukh), pain, and death, the second is marked by the reunion, miracles and divine testimony (parcyo). The second part, thus entails a reversal of the first part: death and defeat are followed by birth and creation, finally resulting in the establishment of Devnarayan's image amongst his followers.<ref name="presentation5">{{cite web|url=http://www.ignca.nic.in/devnp005.htm#Syno|title=The Rajasthani oral narrative of Devnarayan-Presentation mode, Synopsis of the epic, thematic content|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts}}</ref>

== Bagdawat Bharat ==

The narrative begins with a prelude at a time ([[Satya Yuga]]), when Brahma was performing a Vedic sacrifice (''jug'') in [[Pushkar]]. Brahma invited all the gods and [[Rishi|Rsis]] to his sacrifice. Among them is a group of twenty-four Rsis living in the ''Nag Pahad'', a mountain chain running parallel to Pushkar. The Rsis were disciples of Sankar ([[Shiva|Shankara]]). Sankar forbade them from attending the sacrifice, but they insisted on going because they had received invitations from [[Brahma]]. Suddenly, Sankar grew ravenously hungry. The Rsis suggested eating the fruits growing in the forest which they consume for a living. But Sankar said that would not satisfy him. He wanted more than plain fruit. But nothing else was available in the forest. There was no cereal or grain either. So, he turned to his disciples and began consuming them one after another. After he had eaten them and satiated his hunger, he went to visit Brahma's sacrifice himself. The sacrifice came to a halt because of the sin Sankar had committed. He asks Brahma how he should atone for his sin, whereupon Brahma informed him that the only means would be to offer the Rsis his own body in a future existence, in which the Rsis are to be born as the twenty-four sons of a single father. This prelude is normally spoken and not sung.

The narrative then shifts to a more historical time ([[Kali yuga]]). During the reign of [[Vishal Dev Chauhan]], the populace is being terrorized by a tiger that feeds on one individual every night. On one particular night, Hariram offers to take the place of a boy whose turn it is to be eaten by the tiger. He sets up a trap for the tiger and beheads it. Then in order to wash the blood off his sword and to cleanse himself of the sin of slaughter, as it was a tradition among Hindus, he goes to the holy lake of [[Pushkar]] carrying the lion's head on his shoulder. It is a full moon night ([[Full Moon|purnima]]). Exactly at the same time on the opposite bank of [[Pushkar]] Lake, daughter of king Jagjan, Lila Sevri who has taken a vow never to see the face of a man is performing ablutions and bathing in the lake. While bathing, she sees the reflection of a man's body with the head of a tiger on the surface of the lake, and conceive.

Jagjan then allowed both to marry and also gifts half of his kingdom to Hariram. After nine months their son is born. He has the head of a tiger and the body of a man and is named Baghji. Later because of his unusual and fearsome appearance, no one is willing to marry his daughter to him. He lives alone in a garden attended by a Brahman cook. Once, on the day of the [[Tij Festival|festival of ''savan tij'']] (swings), a number of young girls of various Hindu [[Gotra]]s come to the garden attracted by Baghji's silken swing. The Brahman allows them to use the swing on the condition that each of them circumambulate Baghji. While they are doing this, the Brahman performs the necessary engagement rites. Unknowingly they are engaged to Baghji.

Later Baghji marries twelve of them namely ''Kanta Kalas'', ''Ganiyanvanti Kalas'', ''Lakmade Rathod'', ''Jyanta Saradana'', ''Lali Saradana'', ''Balma Saradana'', ''Barnavanti Chad'', ''Bindka Chad'', ''Dhanvantari Chechi'', ''Gauri Chechi'', ''Rama Awana'' and ''Bindra Awana,'' Kalas, Rathod, Sangu, Saradana, Chad, Chechi and Awana all Hindu clans.<ref>{{cite book|title=Devnarayan Ki Katha-Bagdawat Bharat|author=Anandaram Phagna|publisher=Archana Prakashan Ajmer|page=38}}</ref> Each of his wives gives birth to two sons who are collectively called the Bagdawats.

According to written literature by anandaram phagna Baghji (Father of Bagdawats ) belonged to Chhatrapatti clan. Savai Bhoj is the most well-known and courageous of the twenty-four Bagdawats. Each day Savai Bhoj takes the Bagdawats cattle herds to graze on the slopes of Nag Pahad. One of the cows regularly leaves the herd and returns on its own in the evening. One day Savai Bhoj follows the cow and discovers that it is being milked by the ''jogi'' (ascetic) Rupnath. As compensation for milking their cow, Rupnath gives Savai Bhoj a sack full of grain. But the brothers have no use for the small quantity of grain, so they feed it to birds. The next morning, Nevaji, one of the youngest brothers, discovers that the few grains left sticking to the seam of the sack have turned into gems. They realize their folly and Savai Bhoj returns to Rupnath to become his disciple.

One day, being instructed by Rupnath, Savai Bhoj heats a cauldron of oil and circles it, while Rupnath follows. While they are circling the cauldron, Rupnath tries to push Savai Bhoj into the boiling oil, but Savai Bhoj leaps over with the help of his cowherd's staff. In the next round, Savai Bhoj follows Rupnath and pushes him into the cauldron. Not so agile, Rupnath falls into the boiling oil. Instantly his body turns into a solid gold nugget. While Savai Bhoj stands there repenting his crime, the ''jogi'' reappears in the hermitage as though nothing had taken place. He explains that the golden nugget is a gift that will grant the Bagdawats unending wealth for a period of twelve years after which both wealth (maya) and life (kaya) shall come to an end. He also gives Savai Bhoj the gifts of a mare-Bavli, a cow-Suremata, and an elephant-Jaimangala, all of which have special powers. Savai Bhoj returns to his home. The brothers ask Tejaji, the eldest among them, what should they do with their newly acquired wealth. Tejaji advises them to bury the money in the ground and heard it. But, Nevaji suggests that they do good deeds with the money, like building wells and temples, distributing the wealth and make a name for themselves since both the wealth and their lives will end after twelve years. The brothers choose the latter alternative. Soon their fame spreads far and wide. In due course, they meet their future enemy, Durjansal, the king ''Rana'' (or ''Ravji'') (ruler) of Ran City.

The Rana and the Bagdawats become ''Dharam''-brothers. In an extended drinking session in a garden named ''naulakha bagh'' near Ran city, they overturn jars laden with wine onto a hillside flooding the earth to such an extent that the wine actually flows down into the kingdom of Basak Nag ([[Vasuki (snake)|Vasuki]]), serpent lord of the netherworld, who holds the earth on his hood. Angered, king Basak deposits the earth temporarily on a bull's horns and goes to Bhagavan ([[Vishnu]])'s court to complain about the Bagdawats. But neither Basak, nor Hanuman, nor Bhagavan can do anything to remedy the situation because the Bagdawats are so powerful. Finally, Bhagavan assumes the form of the mendicant (''jogi'') and visits Sadu Mata, the wife of Savai Bhoj, begging for alms. Sadu, who has just completed performing ablutions and bathing, appears in front of the mendicant covered only by her long tresses. Struck by her devotion, the mendicant (Bhagavan) grants her a boon. Sadu desires that Bhagavan is born as her son. Bhagavan promises to be born as her son on the 13th day after the Bagdawats have been killed.

After his return, Bhagavan requests ''Sakti'' ([[Durga]] or [[Bhavani]]), who agrees to go to earth to fulfill the task of destroying the Bagdawats. She manifests herself as an infant girl (later known as Jaimati) in a forest where she is discovered by the King of Bhual, who adopts her. Exactly at the time of her birth, her maidservant Hira is born. Jaimati grows up unusually fast. And, soon Brahmans are sent out to find a suitable bridegroom for her. She insists that they find someone belonging to a family in which one father has 24 sons. After a long and frustrating search, the Brahmans find the Bagdawats. They arrange to have the queen married to Savai Bhoj. But because they already married, the Bagdawats suggest that the queen is married to their ''dharam''-brother, the Rana. Thus, arrangements are made for the Rana to marry Jaimati. When the marriage procession sets out, Savai Bhoj instead of the Rana leads it. In the meanwhile Jaimati orders the ''toran'' to be hung in a high place that the Rana, who is 120 years old and feeble cannot reach up to. Instead of the Rana, Savai Bhoj strikes down the ''toran''.

When the marriage procession arrives, the queen pretends she has a high fever. She asks her maidservant to bring Savai Bhoj's sword that is supposed to have healing powers. In the inner chambers of the palace, she then circles the sword, thereby secretly marrying Savai Bhoj. In public, however, she marries the Rana. At the end of the ceremonies, when she is to accompany the Rana to her new home, she insists on staying with the Bagdawats. The Bagdawats coax her into going with the Rana, promising to fetch her after a period of six months. Upon arriving in Rana's palace, however, the queen says she will not play dice with the Rana till he has constructed a new palace for her. The construction of the palace, of course, takes a long time, and six months are soon over. In the meanwhile, the Bagdawats - even against the advice of their wives - prepare to fetch the queen. The queen elopes with the Bagdawats. The Rana is patient, advising the Bagdawats in a brotherly manner to send the queen back to him. But, the Bagdawats stick to their decision. Finally, the Rana gathers together the armies to fifty-two forts on the banks of the Khari river.

Jaimati, who now has assumed her true form, Bhavani promises to accompany the Bagdawats only on the condition if they fight Rana's army one at a time. She also demands that the brothers offer their heads to her. The Bagdawats willingly agree to her grotesque demands. A ''Bharat'' (great war) is fought. In the battle, some of the brothers continue fighting even after their heads have been severed by the Goddess's discus. But in the end, all of them are slain and the Rana is victorious. The Goddess assumes her ''Virat Rup'' (awesome, terrifying form). Amidst the corpses of slain warriors, she squats on the battleground, dripping with blood, stringing a necklace of the Bagdawats' severed heads. After their deaths, the Bagdawats' wives with the exception of Savai Bhoj's wife, Sadu Mata, commit ''sati'' (self-immolation).<ref name="presentation"/>

== Shri Devnarayan Katha ==

This half of the narrative begins with Sadu Mata's severe ''tapas'' (penance) on a hill near the battlefield. After eleven days, when her honour and life is about to be threatened by the Rana, she calls out to Bhagavan, who has promised to be born as her son. Devnarayan, who is playing a game of dice at the time with king Basak, rises up on a stream of water that splits apart the rock on which Sadu is seated. Borne on that jet of water in a lotus blossom, the infant Devnarayan falls into Sadu Mata's lap.

Threatened by the Rana, Sadu Mata decides to flee to her natal home in [[Malwa]]. Devnarayan spends his childhood there without any knowledge of past events. After eleven years, one-day Chochu Bhat, the [[bard]] and genealogist of the 24 Bagaravat brothers comes to Malwa in search of Devnarayan. Sadu Mata who knows of his intentions tries to get him killed by poisoning, but Devnarayan revives him. Chochu Bhat then informs him of the battle between the Bagaravats and the Rana. Devnarayan then decides against his mother's will to return to his fathers ancestral land and take revenge on the Rana. While returning to the region of Bhilwara and his capital town of Causla Kheda, Devnarayan marries three princesses, one the daughter of a ''det'' ([[daitya]]), another the niece of a netherworld serpent king, and the third the daughter of the ruler of [[Ujjain]]-Pipalde. While returning Devnarayan also meets up with his four cousins, Mehnduji, Madanji, Kanh Bhangi and Bhunaji, who likewise have grown up unaware of each other's existence. Whereas Mehnduji have been under the protection of the Bagaravat's ally, the king of Ajmer, Bhangi has grown up as a Nath Jogi in the company of the Bagaravats' guru Baba Rupnath.

Madanji has been growing up with his father Tejaji. Bhunaji, whose name has been changed to Khanderav, has been adopted by the Rana himself. But once the cousins realize their true origins, they join up with Devnarayan to launch an assault against the Rana. Before the final encounter takes place, Devnarayan releases his herd of 980,000 cows and buffaloes in the royal fields in order to destroy the Rana's crops. In the end, the cousins catch up with the Rana who is trying to escape. He is beheaded by Devnarayan's bow-string. But when Devnarayan sees that Bhunaji is sad over the death of his foster father, he revives the Rana only after Chochu Bhat has extracted the Bagaravats' revenge from the Rana's stomach. Thereafter Devnarayan instructs the revived Rana to establish the city of [[Udaipur]], which according to the narrative is named after one of Devnarayan's names, Ud.Bhagwaan Dev Narayan was born on Shanivaar, Saptami Shukla Paksh of Maagh month and the year was Vikrami Samwat 968 (911 AD). Bhagwaan Dev Narayan lived a very short life of 31 years on earth. He went to BaikunthDhaam on Akshya Tritiya Shukla Paksh of Baisakh month in Vikrami Samwat 999 (942 AD).

After Devnarayan has accomplished taking revenge on the Rana, he decides to depart to ''Baikunth'' (heaven). But his Queen Pipalde requests him not to leave her childless. A boy Bila and a girl, Bili are born to her. Bili is quick to realize her father's divinity. But Bila is stubborn and refuses to acknowledge his father's authority. After many unhappy incidents including being befallen by leprosy, Bila begins to realize the divine power of his father. He then agrees to look after Devnarayan's very first shrine and become Devnarayan's first priest from which the lineage of priests follow. Then, having established a place of worship, a lineage of priests, and a community of devotees, Devnarayan finally returns in his celestial chariot to Baikunth.<ref name="presentation" />

According to the epic, Infant Devnarayan was suckled by a lioness. That gave rise to famous Rajasthani Proverb ''Hindu'' ''Jaayan, Nahari Jaayan'', which translated as ''Son of a Hindu is no less than a Lion.''

==Devnarayan shrines and phad==
The principal shrine of Devnaryan is located at Sawai Bhoj near [[Asind]] town, the battlefield of ''Bagravat Bharat''. Other significant shrines are at Demali, which is believed as the earliest shrine founded by Devnarayan himself and Malasari, where Devnarayan was born. Devnarayan is worshiped in these shrines in the form of an upright row of large sized bricks. The bricks are often kept bare, but sometimes the multi-colored tinsel is pasted over them.

Another significant shrine of Devnarayan is located at [[Jodhpuriya]] near Mashi dam in [[Tonk district]]. Two fairs are organized each year near this shrine.

[[Rana Sanga|Maharana Sanga]] of [[Mewar]] was great devotee of Shri Devnarayan and he is said to have built a temple in memory of Deoji.<ref>{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1961, Volume 14, Issue 5|author=(Republic) Office of the Registrar General, India|publisher=Manager of Publications|year=1972|page=36}}</ref>

===Devnarayan phad===
{{main|Devnarayan Ki Par}}

Devnarayan is also worshiped by the [[Bhopa]]s, the priest-singers by means of a scroll known as ''phad'', depicting various episodes of the narrative of the life of Devnaryan. This scroll, ''Devnarayan phad'', is used as a mobile temple and the Bhopas carry it with them. The Joshi families of Bhilwara and [[Shahpura, Bhilwara|Shahpura]] are the traditional artists of the {{Transliteration|gu|Devnarayan phads}}. A ''phad'' consists of an image of Devnarayan in the attire of a king seated on his "python" throne in his court faced by the serpent king Basak and his four cousins at the centre. The whole ''phad'' is painted with various scenes related to the narrative of Devnarayan according to a traditional scheme. No place is left vacant. These {{Transliteration|gu|phads}} are normally about 30 feet in length. One of the earliest surviving Devnarayan phad is in the collection of Rupayan Sansthan, the Rajasthan Institute of Folklore in Jodhpur. This phad is signed by Surajmal and Bagtavarchand and dated Vikram Samvat 1924 (1867).<ref>Smith, John D. (2005). ''The Epic of Pabuji'', New Delhi: Katha, {{ISBN|81-87649-83-6}}, p.39</ref>

A Bhopa, usually erects the phad shortly after nightfall in the villages where he is invited to sing different episodes from the epical narrative of Devnarayan in front of the ''phad'' during the {{Transliteration|gu|jagarans}} (night-wakes). Before the performance begins, the ground beneath is swept clean, incense is burnt and the offerings of grains and money are made in front of the ''phad''. During the performance, a ''jantar'' (a type of fretted [[veena]] with two resonators of gourd or wood) is played to accompany the songs. Usually, there are two Bhopas who recite the epic, one is the main Bhopa, the ''Patavi'', and the other is his assistant, the ''Diyala''. When the ''Patavi Bhopa'' sings a particular episode of the epic, his junior partner, the ''Diyala Bhopa'' holds an oil lamp to illuminate the particular part of the ''phad'', where the particular episode which is being sung is depicted. He also sings along with his senior partner some parts of the episodes. The phad of devnarayan ji issue a post ticket on 2 September 1992.

==Recognition==

A commemorative stamp was issued by India post on 2 Sep 1992 of denomination INR 5.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps_List.aspx|title=Stamp issued by govt in 1992.|access-date=28 November 2020|archive-date=21 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121210123/http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps_List.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A commemorative stamp was issued by India post on 3 Sep 2011 of denomination INR 5.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps2011.aspx|title=Stamp issued by govt.|access-date=28 November 2020|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622004856/http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps2011.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Devmali]]

==References==

<references />
# Anandaram Phagana (1971, in Hindi Month Falgun Vikram samvat, 2027). ''Bagrawat Bharat -Veer Gurjar Utpatti'', Archana Prakashan, Ajmer.
# Borana, Ramesh (2004). ''Bagrawat Mahabharat'', Rajasthan Sangeet Natak Academy, Jodhpur.
# Chundawat, Laxmikumari (1977). ''Bagrawat Devnarayan Mahagatha'', Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi.
# Malik, Aditya (1993). ''Rajasthani Oral Epic of Devnarayan'', New Delhi.
# Malik, Aditya (2005). ''Nector Gaze and Poison Breath: An Analysis and Translation of Rajasthani Oral Narrative of Devnarayan'', New York: Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-515019-8}}.
# Miller, Joseph Charles, Jr. (1994). ''The Twenty-four Brothers and Lord Devnarayan: The Story and Performance of a Folk Epic of Rajasthan, India'', University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://tdil.mit.gov.in/CoilNet/IGNCA/devn.htm a website on Devnaryan Phad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724150210/http://tdil.mit.gov.in/coilnet/ignca/devn.htm |date=24 July 2017 }}
*[http://www.phadchitrakari.com Phad Paintings by Prakash Joshi ]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=u6tcnQAACAAJ Nomadic Narratives]
*Painted folklore and Folklore painters of [https://books.google.com/books?id=tqRQAAAAMAAJ India]

[[Category:Devnarayan| ]]
[[Category:Folk deities of Rajasthan]]

Punjab Assembly Committee on Estimates

2026-03-25T09:41:57Z

RosariaE70: Made some stub first draft - done

{{short description|Indian Legislative committee}}
{{notability|org|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox
| title = Committee on Estimates
| abovestyle = border-top: 2px solid #015843; border-bottom: 2px solid #015843; font-size: small;
| above = [[Punjab Legislative Assembly#Committees|Committee of the House]]
| headerstyle = border-top: 2px solid #015843; border-bottom: 2px solid #015843;
| header = [[16th Punjab Assembly]]
| labelstyle =
| datastyle =
| data2 =
| subheader = '''<big>[[16th Punjab Assembly]]</big>'''
| label3 = [[Date of establishment|Founded]]
| data3 = 
| label4 = State
| data4 = Punjab
| header5 = Leadership
| label6 = Chaiperson
| data6 = [[Aman Arora]]
| label7 = Chairperson party
| data7 = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| label8 = Appointer
| data8 = [[List of speakers of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Punjab Assembly speaker]]
| header9 = Structure
| data10= {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
|image = [[File:India Punjab Committee on Local Bodies 2022.svg|200px|alt=India Punjab Committee on Local Bodies 2022.svg]]
|caption =
| title =
| label10 = Seats
| data10 = 13
| label11 = Political Parties
| data11 ={{legend2|{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}|[[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] (11)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} 
{{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
}}
| label12 = Election criteria
| data12 = The members are elected every year from amongst its members of house according to the principle of proportional representation.
| label13 = Tenure
| data13 = 1 Year
| header14 = Jurisdiction
| label15 = Purpose
| data15 = Legislative oversight of the government estimates
| header16 =
| data17 =
| header18 = Rules & Procedure
| label20 = Applicable rules
| data20 = Article 208 of the [[Constitution of India]] section 32 of the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]] Rules 232(1) and 2(b) of Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Punjab Legislative Assembly
}}
'''Punjab Assembly Committee on Estimates''' of [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] is constituted annually for a one-year period from among the members of the Assembly.<ref name="Committee on Estimates" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Grover |first1=Verinder |title=Legislative Council in State Legislatures |date=1989 |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |isbn=978-81-7100-193-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRqrO0Hx0Y0C&dq=%22Punjab%22+%2B+%22Committee+on+Privileges%22&pg=PA165 |access-date=12 June 2022 |language=en |archive-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612133550/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Legislative_Council_in_State_Legislature/fRqrO0Hx0Y0C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Punjab%22+%2B+%22Committee+on+Privileges%22&pg=PA165&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="HT Appointment 22" />

==Functions==
The functions of the Committee on Estimates is:<ref name="Committee on Estimates" />
{{blockquote|
#to report what economics, improvements in organizations, efficiency or administrative reform, consistent with the policy underlying the estimates, may be effected;
#to suggest alternative policies in order to bring about efficiency and economy in administration;
#to examine whether the money is well laid out within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates; and
#to suggest the form in which the estimates shall be presented to the House; Provided that the Committee shall not exercise its functions in relation to such public undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on public undertakings by these Rules or by the Speaker.
}}

==Appointment ==
The speaker appoints the committee and its members every year for a one-year term according to the powers conferred by Article 208 of the [[Constitution of India]] read with section 32 of the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]] (37 of 1956), and in pursuance of Rules 232(1) and 2(b) of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Punjab Legislative Assembly.<ref name="Punjab Government Gazette 2021">{{cite web |title=Punjab Government Gazette Extraordinary, 4 March 2021 |url=https://www.punjabassembly.nic.in/images/docs/punjab%20govt%20gaz.pdf |publisher=Government of Punjab |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref>

==Members==
For the 1-year period starting May 2022, the Committee on Estimates of [[16th Punjab Assembly#Committees|16th Punjab Assembly]] had following members:<ref name="Committee on Estimates">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=30&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in |access-date=2022-06-12 |archive-date=2021-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514051737/http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=30&Itemid=119 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="HT Appointment 22">{{cite news |title=Punjab speaker appoints heads of House committees |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/punjab-speaker-appoints-heads-of-house-committees-101653170285870.html |access-date=11 June 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=22 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522184912/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/punjab-speaker-appoints-heads-of-house-committees-101653170285870.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Committee on Estimates (2022–23)
!Sr. No.
!Name
!Post
! colspan="2" |Party
|- align="center"
|1. || [[Aman Arora]] || Chairperson
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|- align="center"
|2. || [[Amansher Singh|Amansher Singh (Shery kalsi)]] || Member
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|- align="center"
|3. || [[Amolak Singh]] || Member
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|- align="center"
|4. || [[Balkar Singh Sidhu]] || Member
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|- align="center"
|5. || [[Barindermeet Singh Pahra]] || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|6. || [[Gurpreet Bassi Gogi]] || Member
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|- align="center"
|7. || [[Harmit Singh Pathanmajra]] || Member
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|- align="center"
|8. || [[Jagtar Singh Diyalpura]] || Member
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|- align="center"
|9. || [[Kashmir Singh Sohal]] || Member
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|- align="center"
|10. ||[[Kulwant Singh Sidhu]] || Member
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|- align="center"
|11. || [[Raman Arora]] || Member
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|- align="center"
|12. ||[[Santosh Kumari Kataria]] || Member
|{{Party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|- align="center"
|13. ||[[Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa]] || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Chairpersons ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Tenure
!Terms
!Name
! colspan="2" |Political party
|- align="center"
| [[15th Punjab Assembly#2021-2022|2021-22]]
|1
|[[Hardial Singh Kamboj]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab Vidhan Sabha speaker nominates various committees of House for year 2021-22 |url=https://www.punjabnewsexpress.com/punjab/news/punjab-vidhan-sabha-speaker-nominates-various-committees-of-house-for-year-2021-22-136750 |access-date=15 June 2022 |work=punjabnewsexpress.com |date=28 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab Vidhan Sabha Speaker nominates various committees of House for year 2021-22 – TheFactNews |date=29 April 2021|url=https://thefactnews.in/punjab-vidhan-sabha-speaker-nominates-various-committees-of-house-for-year-2021-22/ |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
| 2022–23
|1
|[[Aman Arora]]<ref name="HT Appointment 22" />
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|}

==Previous members==
For the one-year period before May 2022, the Committee on Estimates of [[15th Punjab Assembly#Committees|15th Punjab Assembly]] had following members:

===2021–22===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Committee on Estimates (2021–22)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-14 |title=vidhanSabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=30&Itemid=119 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514051737/http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=30&Itemid=119 |archive-date=2021-05-14 |access-date=2022-07-26 }}</ref>
!Sr. No.
!Name
!Post
! colspan="2" |Party
|- align="center"
|1. || Sardar Hardial Singh Kamboj || Chairperson
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|2. || Sardar Amrinder Singh Raja Warring || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|3. || Sardar Angad Singh || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|4. || Sardar Dilraj Singh Bhunder || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|5. || Sardar Gurpartap Singh Wadala || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|6. || Sardar Kanwar Sandhu || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|7. || Shri Madan Lal Jalalpur || Member
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|8. || Sardar Nirmal Singh || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|9. || Shri Rakesh Pandey || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|10. || Sardar Randeep Singh Nabha || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|11. || Sardar Sukhpal Singh Bhullar || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|12. || Sardar Sukhpal Singh Khaira || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|13.
|Shri Surinder Kumar Dawar
|Member
|
|
|}

===2020–21===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Committee on Estimates (2020–21)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-15 |title=vidhanSabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=30&Itemid=119 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115171422/http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=30&Itemid=119 |archive-date=2021-01-15 |access-date=2022-07-26 }}</ref>
!Sr. No.
!Name
!Post
! colspan="2" |Party
|- align="center"
|1. || Sardar Hardial Singh Kamboj || Chairperson
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|2. || Sardar Amrinder Singh Raja Warring || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|3. || Sardar Angad Singh || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|4. || Shri Amit Vij || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|5. || Sardar Kanwar Sandhu || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|6. || Shri Madan Lal Jalalpur || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|7. || Sardar Navtej Singh Chemma || Member
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|8. || Sardar Nirmal Singh || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|9. || Sardar Gurpartap Singh Wadala || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|10. || Shri Pawan Kumar Tinu || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|11. || Sardar Santokh Singh || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|12. || Sardar Sukhpal Singh Bhullar || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|13.
|Sardar Sukhpal Singh Khaira
|Member
|
|
|}

===2019–20===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Committee on Estimates (2019–20)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-30 |title=vidhanSabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=30&Itemid=119 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230202634/http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=30&Itemid=119 |archive-date=2019-12-30 |access-date=2022-07-26 }}</ref>
!Sr. No.
!Name
!Post
! colspan="2" |Party
|- align="center"
|1. || Sardar Hardial Singh Kamboj || Chairperson
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|2. || Sh. Arun Dogra || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|3. || Sardar Bikram Singh Majithia || Member
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|4. || Sh. Dalvir Singh Khangura || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|5. || Dr. Dharambir Agnihotri || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|6. || Sardar Harinder Pal Singh Chandumajra || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|7. || Sardar Harjot Kamal Singh || Member
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|8. || Sh. Jai Krishan Singh Rodi || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|9. || Sh. Joginder Pal || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|10. || Sh. Madan Lal Jalalpur || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|11. || Smt. Sarvjit Kaur Manuke || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|12. || Sh. Sunil Dutti || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|13.
|Sh. Sushil Kumar Rinku
|Member
|
|
|}

===2018–19===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Committee on Estimates (2018–19)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-18 |title=vidhanSabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=30&Itemid=119 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118155243/http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=30&Itemid=119 |archive-date=2018-11-18 |access-date=2022-07-26 }}</ref>
!Sr. No.
!Name
!Post
! colspan="2" |Party
|- align="center"
|1. || Sardar Hardial Singh Kamboj || Chairperson
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|2. || Sh. Arun Dogra || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|3. || Sardar Bikram Singh Majithia || Member
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|4. || Dr. Dharambir Agnihotri || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|5. || Sardar Harminder Singh Gill || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|6. || Sh. Jai Krishan Singh || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|7. || Sh. Joginder Pal || Member
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|8. || Sardar Lakhbir Singh Lodhinangal || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|9. || Sh. Madan Lal Jalalpur || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|10. || S. Pirmal Singh Dhaula || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|11. || Sardar Pritam Singh Kotbhai || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|12. || Sardar Sukhjit Singh || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|13.
|Chaudhary Surinder Singh
|Member
|
|
|}

===2017–18===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Committee on Estimates (2017–18)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-27 |title=vidhanSabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=30&Itemid=119 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127010729/http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=30&Itemid=119 |archive-date=2018-01-27 |access-date=2022-07-26 }}</ref>
!Sr. No.
!Name
!Post
! colspan="2" |Party
|- align="center"
|1. || Sardar Sukhbinder Singh Sarkaria || Chairperson
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|2. || Sh. Aman Arora || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|3. || Dr. Dharambir Agnihotri || Member
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|4. || Sardar Hardial Singh Kamboj || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|5. || Sardar Harminder Singh Gill || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|6. || Sardar Harinderpal Singh Chandumajra || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|7. || Sardar Inderbeer Singh Bolaria || Member
|{{Party name with color| Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|8. || Sardar Kushaldeep Singh Kiki Dhillon || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|9. || Sh. Pawan Kumar Adia || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|10. || Dr. Raj Kumar Chabewal || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|11. || Sardar Sharanjit Singh Dhillon || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|12. || Sardar Sukhpal Singh Khaira || Member
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|13.
|Sh. Vijay Inder Singla
|Member
|
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Punjab Legislative Assembly|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Committees of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]

Lallubhai Samaldas

2026-03-21T12:44:21Z

RosariaE70: added new details!

[[File:Lalubhai_Samaldas.jpg|thumb]]
'''Sir Lallubhai Samaldas Mehta''' (14 October 1863 – 14 October 1936) was a wealthy aristocrat and revenue commissioner since the age of 18 in the court of the Maharaja of Bhavnagar in Gujarat. He was involved in the establishment of numerous industries in western India, particularly in the shipping industry. He also took an interest in the cooperative movement and presided over the Swadeshi League and is known as the Father of Co-operative Movement in India. The [[Samaldas Arts College|Samaldas College]] in Bhavnagar was established by Maharaja of Bhavnagar in his father's memory. He also took an interest in national politics and was associated with the leaders of the time.

== Life and work ==
Lallubhai was born in [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar, Saurashtra]]. His father Samaldas was a Chief Justice and Dewan in the kingdom of Bhavnagar, a position that was also held by his grandfather Parmananddas from 1828 to 1877. Born in aristocracy he went to study in Bhavnagar and then at [[Elphinstone College]] before working for the Maharaja of Bhavnagar. He married Satyavati, granddaughter of [[Bholanath Sarabhai]] in 1884. He became a revenue commissioner in 1884. In 1926 he visited England to organize ships for the [[Scindia Steam Navigation Company Ltd.|Scindia Steam Navigation Company]] which he developed along with [[Walchand Hirachand]] and [[Narottam Morarjee]]. He also travelled to Japan in 1933 about which he wrote a book, "My Impressions of Japan". He established a mill,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kannangara |first=A. P. |date=1968 |title=Indian Millowners and Indian Nationalism before 1914 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/650072 |journal=Past & Present |issue=40 |pages=147–164 |doi=10.1093/past/40.1.147 |jstor=650072 |issn=0031-2746|url-access=subscription }}</ref> served as a director of the Tata Iron and Steel Company, Tata Hydro and Advance Mills. He is regarding as the Father of the Indian cooperative movement, which was carried forward by his eldest son, [[Vaikunth Mehta]]. Lallubhai was also the pioneer of life insurance, cement and sugar industries. He was made [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]] in 1914 and knighted in 1926 by [[King George V]] at the [[Buckingham Palace]] in London.<ref>{{cite book|title= Dictionary of National Biography. Volume III. |editor=Sen, S.P.|publisher=Institute of Historical Studies| place= Calcutta |year=1974|pages=79–81|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100395/page/n155/mode/1up}}</ref> His sons - [[Vaikunthbhai Mehta|Vaikunth]], Jyotendra and [[Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta|Gaganvihari]] - went to lay foundations of co-operative banking, insurance and the economy as well.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.515248 My Impressions Of Japan] (1933)
* {{Gujarati Vishwakosh}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samaldas, Lallubhai}}
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1936 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Administrators in the princely states of India]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in shipping]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from British India]]

Imtiaz Ali (director)

2026-03-13T18:22:15Z

RosariaE70: Page updated with relevant improvements

{{short description|Indian film director (born 1971)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Imtiaz Ali
| image = Imtiaz Ali at Horasis Global India Business Meeting 2012 crop.jpg
| caption = Ali in 2012
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1971|06|16}}
| birth_place = [[Jamshedpur]], [[Bihar]], (Present day [[Jharkhand]]) India
| nationality =
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter|producer}}
| known for =
| years active = 1994–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Preety Ali|1995}}
| children = 1
| relatives = [[Khalid Ahmed]] (maternal uncle)
}}

'''Imtiaz Ali''' (born 16 June 1971) is an Indian filmmaker. He is best known for writing and directing the romantic comedies ''[[Jab We Met]]'' (2007) and ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' (2009), and the dramas ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]'' (2011), ''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]'' (2014), ''[[Tamasha (2015 film)|Tamasha]]'' (2015), ''[[Jab Harry Met Sejal]]'' (2017), and ''[[Amar Singh Chamkila (film)|Amar Singh Chamkila]]'' (2024).

== Early and personal life ==
Imtiaz Ali was born in [[Jamshedpur]]<ref name=HT1>{{cite news | url=https://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-was-an-underachiever-who-lied-to-look-betterImtiaz-Ali/articleshow/20014020.cms | title=I was an underachiever who lied to look better: Imtiaz Ali | date=13 May 2013 | first=Priya | last=Gupta | newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=13 July 2019 }}</ref><ref name=TI2>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-was-an-underachiever-who-lied-to-look-betterImtiaz-Ali/articleshow/20014020.cms | title=I was an underachiever who lied to look better: Imtiaz Ali | date=13 May 2013 | first=Priya | last=Gupta | newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=13 July 2019 }}</ref><ref>https://elections.raftaar.in/imtiaz-valentine-valentines-unique-love-story-anil-ambani-वैलेंटाइन-डे-रिलीज-इम्तियाज-अनोखी-स्टोरी-अनिल-मुकेश-रिश्ता-शुरुआत/detail/fe73dd54fd295197d98aba1e2cbefb3c {{dead link|date=July 2019}}</ref> and spent some of his early years in [[Patna]].<ref>{{cite web|title=I'd like to give Jab We Met an overhaul: Imtiaz Ali|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/i-would-like-to-give-jab-we-met-an-overhaul-imtiaz-ali/94282-8.html|publisher=CNN-IBN|access-date=17 February 2011|date=6 June 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607080758/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/i-would-like-to-give-jab-we-met-an-overhaul-imtiaz-ali/94282-8.html|archive-date=2009-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Imtiaz-Ali-mulls-a-film-on-Patna/articleshow/55929374.cms|title=Imtiaz Ali mulls a film on Patna|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/birthday-special-imtiaz-ali-dated-a-14year-younger-girl-had-an-affair-with-this-pakistani-actress-sc87-nu-1015880-1.html|title=Birthday Special: Imtiaz Ali dated a 14-year younger girl; had an affair with this Pakistani Actress!|date=16 June 2019}}</ref>

His father Mansoor Ali was a contractor in [[irrigation]], and as a child, he would sometimes accompany him, which gave Imtiaz a sense of what was going on in the innards of [[India]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Khan|first=Tabish |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/I-was-an-underachiever-who-lied-to-look-better-Imtiaz-Ali/articleshow/20014020.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608081753/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-13/news-interviews/39227640_1_jamshedpur-film-industry-first-film |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-06-08 |work=[[The Times of India]]|title=I was an underachiever who lied to look better: Imtiaz Ali}}</ref> His uncle, through his mother, is [[Pakistani]] TV actor and director/producer [[Khalid Ahmed]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-from-patna-boy-to-pakistani-tv-legend-2200168|title=From Patna boy to Pakistani TV legend|date=2016-04-10|work=dna|access-date=2018-08-29|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-cinema/pak-films-funded-by-the-army-for-image-building-director-khalid-ahmad/story-5wBRwAhInBLfpl4NvaAGYO.html|title=Pak films funded by the army for image building: Director Khalid Ahmad|date=6 July 2016}}</ref> He had his early education at [[St. Michael's High School, Patna|St. Michael's High School]], Patna and later at [[D.B.M.S. English School]], Jamshedpur.<ref>{{cite web |title=Director Imtiaz Ali started with TV |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Director-Imtiaz-Ali-started-with-TV/Article1-430756.aspx |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=1 February 2011 |archive-date=25 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125072358/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Director-Imtiaz-Ali-started-with-TV/Article1-430756.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dbms.edu.in/school/glimpses/16-a-poem-of-his|title=A Poem of His|first=Imtiaz|last=Ali|website=www.dbms.edu.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dbms.edu.in/in-the-news/92-dbms-to-star-in-ex-students-film|title=DBMS to star in ex-student's film|website=www.dbms.edu.in}}</ref> He is the elder brother of director Arif Ali, who made his directorial debut with ''[[Lekar Hum Deewana Dil]]'' (2014).

He attended [[Hindu College, University of Delhi]], where he took part in college theater. He was very successful in college. He also started Ibtida, the dramatics society of the college.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-graduates/446667/ The Graduates – the Hindu College alumni] [[Indian Express]], Tuesday, 14 April 2009.</ref> Thereafter, he moved to Mumbai and did a diploma course from [[Xavier Institute of Communication]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023190038/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-26/news-interviews/28009285_1_journey-sunny-deol-film Times interview] [[The Times of India]], 26 April 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sakshijuneja.com/blog/2006/04/07/talented-mr-ali/ |title=Talented Mr Ali |publisher=Sakshijuneja.com |date=7 April 2006 |access-date=6 July 2012 |archive-date=16 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716013817/http://sakshijuneja.com/blog/2006/04/07/talented-mr-ali/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Career==

=== Initial struggles and directorial debut (1994–2006) ===
Ali began his career directing TV programs including ''Kurukshetra'' for [[Zee TV]] and ''[[Imtihaan (TV series)|Imtihaan]]'' for [[Doordarshan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Imtiaz in no mood for sequels|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/imtiaz-in-no-mood-for-sequels/142066-44.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203202235/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/imtiaz-in-no-mood-for-sequels/142066-44.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2011|publisher=IBNLive|access-date=1 February 2011}}</ref> His initial work also includes a forty-five-minute slot telefilm for series Rishtey on Zee TV;<ref>{{Citation |title=Rishtey - Full Ep - 58 - Zee TV | date=6 December 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxA7sO-Ymh4 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en}}</ref> he later made the story into a feature film named [[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]. He moved on to Bollywood films. In 2005, he made his directorial debut with the romantic comedy, ''[[Socha Na Tha]]'', starring [[Abhay Deol]] and [[Ayesha Takia]]. He got to direct the film following a meeting with [[Sunny Deol]], who agreed to review his script and produce the film. Reflecting on this pivotal moment, Ali remarked that, "he didn’t ask me where I was from or about my experience. He holds a significant place in my life because he gave me my first film."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-17 |title=Imtiaz Ali was warned against narrating Socha Na Tha's script to Sunny Deol: 'He may slap you' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/imtiaz-ali-was-warned-against-narrating-socha-na-thas-script-to-sunny-deol-what-if-he-slaps-you-8986687/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Upon release, it received mixed-to-positive reviews from the critics, but emerged as a commercial failure at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Movies - review - Socha Na Tha (Who Would Have Thought?) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/03/04/socha_na_tha_2005_review.shtml |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Socha Na Tha - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=416 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref> He quoted, later in an interview, that it took him three years to make the film.<ref>{{Citation|title = It took 3 years to make my first movie: Imtiaz Ali|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnS89UT2S_8|date = 2012-09-09|access-date = 2016-01-28}}</ref>

=== Success (2007–2015) ===
His second directorial venture, the [[romantic comedy]] ''[[Jab We Met]]'' starring [[Kareena Kapoor]] and [[Shahid Kapoor]], emerged as a major critical and commercial success.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jab We Met Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/jab-we-met/movie-review/2493805.cms |access-date=2023-10-03 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name="JWM Box Office">{{cite web|title=Box Office 2007 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw== |website=BoxOfficeIndia.com |access-date=9 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132441/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 }}</ref> The film earned him the [[Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue]], in addition to his first nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Director]]. It has been consistently ranked as one of the most popular romantic films of Bollywood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=16 Best Bollywood Romantic Movies That Define Love |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/9-best-bollywood-romantic-movies-that-define-love-49951.html |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Valentine's Day: 5 best romantic movies to watch with your partner - Valentine's Day |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/valentines-day-5-best-romantic-movies-to-watch-with-your-partner/jab-we-met-2007/slideshow/97915508.cms |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref>

His next film, the [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]] {{lang|hi-latn|[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]}} starring [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Deepika Padukone]], emerged as his biggest commercial success to date.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Love Aaj Kal - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=138 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref><ref>[http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/61935/Love-Aaj-Kal-smash-hit.html Love Aaj Kal, a Smash Hit] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813190736/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/61935/Love-Aaj-Kal-smash-hit.html|date=13 August 2009}}</ref> The film received widespread critical acclaim, earning Ali his second nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Director.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-25 |title=Love Aaj Kal (2009) {{!}} Hindi Movie Critic Review By Taran Adarsh |website=Bollywood Hungama |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/201766 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125231412/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/201766 |access-date=2023-10-03|archive-date=25 January 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Love Aaj Kal Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/love-aaj-kal/movie-review/4838891.cms |access-date=2023-10-03 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It has gone to achieve [[Cult film|cult]] status, and has been acclaimed for its depiction of the feeling of pure love which never changes, although the perspective of realizing one's soulmate changes over time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-16 |title='Love Aaj Kal' is classic Imtiaz Ali fare for today's hustle-hungry generation |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/love-aaj-kal-is-classic-imtiaz-ali-fare-for-todays-hustle-hungry-generation |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-27 |title=2009 Week: Love Aaj Kal, The Last Mainstream "Regular" Film Imtiaz Ali Made |url=https://dontcallitbollywood.com/2019/11/26/2009-week-love-aaj-kal-the-last-mainstream-regular-film-imtiaz-ali-made/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=dontcallitbollywood |language=en}}</ref>

Ali's fourth directorial venture, the [[Musical film|musical]] [[Romantic Drama|romantic drama]] ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]'' starring [[Ranbir Kapoor]] and [[Nargis Fakhri]], also emerged as a major commercial success at the box office and received widespread critical acclaim with high praise for Ali's direction, Kapoor's performance and [[A. R. Rahman]]'s music.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rockstar Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/rockstar/movie-review/10677770.cms |access-date=2023-10-03 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Review: Rockstar brings music back to our films |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-rockstar-brings-music-back-to-our-films-1610801 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> The film earned him his third nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Director. It has now achieved [[Cult film|cult]] status, and also has been frequently ranked in the lists of most iconic musical romances of Bollywood.<ref>{{Cite web |last=gupta |first=aarav |date=2023-09-14 |title=Exploring the Motif of Pain and Success in Imtiaz Ali's Rockstar |url=https://medium.com/@aarav.guptapds/exploring-the-motif-of-pain-and-success-in-imtiaz-alis-rockstar-e86bf1e7b9b7 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-12 |title=11 Years Of 'Rockstar': Revisiting Imtiaz Ali's Masterpiece On Its 11th Anniversary {{!}} Film Fugitives |url=https://fugitives.com/rockstar-completes-11-years-2011-romance-drama-film-imtiaz-ali-2022/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Post ''Rockstar'', Ali penned the story and screenplay for the romantic comedy-drama [[Cocktail (2012 film)|''Cocktail'']] (2012), directed by [[Homi Adajania]], starring Deepika Padukone, Saif Ali Khan and [[Diana Penty]] in lead roles. The film received positive reviews from critics upon release, and emerged as a commercial success at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-13 |title=Movie Review: Cocktail's a heady mix of love, lust and longing - shaken and stirred |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/movie-review-cocktails-a-heady-mix-of-love-lust-and-longing-shaken-and-stirred-376867.html |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cocktail - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=652 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>

Ali founded his film production company, Window Seat Films in 2013, whose first release was the [[Road movie|road drama]] ''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]'' (2014). Starring [[Alia Bhatt]] and [[Randeep Hooda]], the film was highly appreciated by critics upon release, and also emerged as a commercial success at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2014 |title=Film review: Highway |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/film-review-highway/articleshow/30730395.cms |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-20 |title=Movie Review : Highway Review: Don't miss it! |website=[[Sify]] |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/highway-review-don-t-miss-it-review-bollywood-15049661.html |access-date=2023-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220095831/http://www.sify.com/movies/highway-review-don-t-miss-it-review-bollywood-15049661.html |archive-date=20 February 2014 }}</ref> The film has been widely credited as one of Bollywood's best films depicting mental disorders (in this case, [[Stockholm syndrome]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Throwback Thursday: Why Highway is the most non-Imtiaz Ali film by Imtiaz Ali ever |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/throwback-thursday-why-highway-is-the-most-non-imtiaz-ali-film-by-imtiaz-ali-ever-1646152-2020-02-13 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=India Today |date=13 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khasnobish |first=Urmi |date=2022-04-06 |title=Breakfast Babble: Here's Why I Feel Highway Is The Finest Creation Of Imtiaz Ali! |url=https://edtimes.in/breakfast-babble-heres-why-i-feel-highway-is-the-finest-creation-of-imtiaz-ali/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |language=en-US}}</ref>

His next directorial venture, the [[Coming of age|coming-of-age]] romantic drama ''[[Tamasha (2015 film)|Tamasha]]'' (2015), starred Ranbir Kapoor and Deepika Padukone in lead roles. Despite major hype, the film emerged as a moderate commercial success, but received positive reviews with high praise for Kapoor's performance upon release;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamasha movie review: Deepika, Ranbir or Imtiaz - spot the rockstar here |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/tamasha-movie-review-deepika-ranbir-or-imtiaz-spot-the-rockstar-here-tamasha-review-story-release-274639-2015-11-27 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=India Today |date=27 November 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Tamasha Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/tamasha/movie-review/49949360.cms |access-date=2023-10-03 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> however, it has gone on to achieve [[Cult film|cult]] status for its subject and has also been recognised as one of Ali's best films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Himanshu |date=2023-03-06 |title=How Ranbir Kapoor Reflects The Frustrations Of An Entire Generation In Tamasha |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/readers-articles/tamasha-netflix-how-ranbir-kapoor-reflects-the-frustrations-of-an-entire-generation-in-tamasha-ranbir-kapoor-deepika-padukone-imtiaz-ali |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Monday Masala: Why Tamasha is a complex yet beautiful film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/monday-masala-why-tamasha-is-a-complex-yet-beautiful-film-1645063-2020-02-10 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=India Today |date=10 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Creative decline (2017–2020) ===
His next directorial, the romantic comedy ''[[Jab Harry Met Sejal]]'' starring [[Shah Rukh Khan]] and [[Anushka Sharma]] in lead roles, was released on 4 August 2017. The film released to mixed-to-negative reviews, and emerged as a commercial failure at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |website=Bollywood Hungama|date=2017-08-04 |title=Jab Harry Met Sejal Movie Review: Jab Harry Met Sejal has its moments. But the film is riddled with cliches and flaws that takes the film down, thanks to the poor script. |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jab-harry-met-sejal/critic-review/jab-harry-met-sejal-movie-review/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-jab-harry-met-sejal-collects-rs-3-crores-tuesday-emerges-disaster/|title=Box Office: Jab Harry Met Sejal collects Rs. 3 crores on Tuesday, emerges a Disaster|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=11 August 2017|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref>

He then wrote the screenplay for his brother Sajid Ali's romance film [[Laila Majnu (2018 film)|''Laila Majnu'']] (2018), starring newcomers [[Avinash Tiwary]] and [[Tripti Dimri]] in lead roles. The film received mixed reviews upon release, and emerged as a commercial disaster at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-07 |title=Laila Majnu movie review: Avinash Tiwary is star material, but why riddle an epic with Bollywood clichés? |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/laila-majnu-movie-review-avinash-tiwary-is-star-material-but-why-riddle-an-epic-with-bollywood-cliches-5134381.html |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Laila Majnu - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3831 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>

After a gap of three years, his next directorial venture was the romantic drama ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2020 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'', starring [[Kartik Aaryan]] and [[Sara Ali Khan]] in lead roles. The film was the [[spiritual successor]] to ''Love Aaj Kal'' (2009), starring [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Deepika Padukone]], also directed by Ali. The film, which released on 14 February 2020, received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics, and emerged as a commercial failure at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |date=2020-02-14 |title='Love Aaj Kal' movie review: A tired, torturous and worn-out Valentine's Day offering |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/love-aaj-kal-movie-review-a-tired-torturous-and-worn-out-valentines-day-offering/article30818689.ece |access-date=2023-10-03 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Roktim |last=Rajpal |title='Love Aaj Kal' box office verdict: Kartik Aaryan and Sara Ali Khan's Movie Set To Be big disappointment |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/love-aaj-kal-box-office-verdict-kartik-aaryan-and-sara-ali-khans-movie-set-to-be-big-disappointment-806446.html |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

=== Resurgence (2024–present) ===
In his first film collaboration with [[Netflix]], Ali directed ''[[Amar Singh Chamkila (film)|Amar Singh Chamkila]]'', a biopic on the assassinated [[Punjabi Music|Punjabi musician]] [[Amar Singh Chamkila]], starring [[Diljit Dosanjh]] and [[Parineeti Chopra]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brzeski |first=Patrick |date=2023-05-30 |title=Diljit Dosanjh to Star in Netflix Music Biopic 'Amar Singh Chamkila' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/diljit-dosanjh-netflix-biopic-amar-singh-chamkila-1235503121/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Parineeti Chopra, Diljit Dosanjh to begin shooting Imtiaz Ali's Chamkila |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-diljit-dosanjh-to-begin-shooting-imtiaz-alis-chamkila-8316029/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> It was released on 12 April 2024 to positive reviews from critics and audiences, alike. Many considered it to be a huge return to form for Ali.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhardwaj |first=Kartik |date=2024-04-13 |title='Amar Singh Chamkila' movie review: A musical fable which shines better on the edges |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Apr/13/amar-singh-chamkila-movie-review-a-musical-fable-which-shines-better-on-the-edges-2 |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Ali is set to continue his partnership with Netflix through the upcoming romance series ''O Saathi Re'', directed by his brother Arif Ali with [[Arjun Rampal]] in the lead role.

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Title
!Director
!Producer
!Writer
!class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2005
|''[[Socha Na Tha]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
| {{no wrap|Also editor}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2006
|''[[Ahista Ahista (2006 film)|Ahista Ahista]]''
|
|
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2007
|''[[Jab We Met]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2009
|[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|''Love Aaj Kal'']]
|{{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2011
|''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2012
|''[[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]''
|
|
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2014
|''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2015
|''[[Tamasha (2015 film)|Tamasha]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2|2017
|''[[Jab Harry Met Sejal]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| ''Paani Panchayat''
|
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| Short<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-imtiaz-ali-teams-up-with-brother-arif-for-a-short-film-titled-paani-panchayat-2424997|title= Imtiaz Ali teams up with brother Arif for a short film titled 'Paani Panchayat'|date=May 2, 2017|author=DNA web desk|website=DNA India}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2|2018
|''[[Laila Majnu (2018 film)|Laila Majnu]]''
|
|
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| ''[[The Other Way (film)|The Other Way]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| Short
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2020
|''[[Love Aaj Kal (2020 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2022
| ''[[Thai Massage (film)|Thai Massage]]''
|
| {{yes}}
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|2024
|''[[Amar Singh Chamkila (film)|Amar Singh Chamkila]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|''[[My Melbourne]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|
|Anthology film
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;"|2026
|{{Pending film|[[Main Vaapas Aaunga]]}}
|{{yes}}
|
|{{yes}}
|
|}

;As actor
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
|-
|2004
|[[Black Friday (2004 film)|''Black Friday'']]
|[[Yakub Memon]]
|-
|2025
|''[[Metro... In Dino]]''
|Himself
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Title
!Director
!Producer
!Writer
!Creator
!class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 1994
| ''Imtihaan''
| {{yes}}
|
|
|
| Unknown episodes
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2020–2022
|''[[She (TV series)|She]]''
|
|{{Yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
| 2 seasons; {{no wrap|14 episodes}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2022
|''[[Dr. Arora]]''
|
|{{Yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|8 episodes
|}

== Collaborators ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
! Collaborator
! ''[[Socha Na Tha]]'' (2005)
! ''[[Jab We Met]]'' (2007)
! {{lang|hi-latn|[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]}} (2009)
! ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]'' (2011)
! ''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]'' (2014)
! ''[[Tamasha (2015 film)|Tamasha]]'' (2015)
! ''[[Jab Harry Met Sejal]]'' (2017)
! ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2020 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'' (2020)
! ''[[Amar Singh Chamkila (film)|Amar Singh Chamkila]]'' (2024)
|-
![[Ranbir Kapoor]]
|
|
|
|{{Ya}}
|
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|
|-
![[Deepika Padukone]]
|
|
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|
|-
![[Randeep Hooda]]
|
|
|
|
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|{{Ya}}
|
|-
![[Irshad Kamil]]
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|-
![[Sandesh Shandilya]]
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[A. R. Rahman]]
|
|
|
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|{{Ya}}
|-
![[Pritam]]
|
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|
|-
![[Mohit Chauhan]]
|
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|-
![[Natty Subramaniam]]
|
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[Anil Mehta]]
|
|
|
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|
|
|
|
|-
![[Aarti Bajaj]]
|
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|{{Ya}}
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
Below is a list of awards and nominations received by Imtiaz Ali.

=== Filmfare Awards ===
The [[Filmfare Awards]] are presented annually by [[The Times Group]] to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the Hindi cinema.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:5%;" | Year
! style="width:25%;"| Film
! style="width:25%;"| Category
! style="width:10%;"| Result
! style="width:5%;" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[53rd Filmfare Awards|2008]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| ''[[Jab We Met]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2"| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/02/23/3610/index.html|title=Winners of 53rd Annual Filmfare Awards|date=23 February 2008|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122012020/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/02/23/3610/index.html|archive-date=22 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/02/06/3548/index.html|title=Nominees – 53rd Annual Filmfare Awards|date=6 February 2008|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023075708/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/02/06/3548/index.html|archive-date=23 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"| [[55th Filmfare Awards|2010]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"| {{lang|hi-latn|[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]}}
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Director
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="4"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-55th-idea-filmfare-awards-2009/|title=Nominations for 55th Idea Filmfare Awards 2009|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=11 February 2010|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Dialogue
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[57th Filmfare Awards|2012]]
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Director
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Filmfare-Awards-2011-Nominations/articleshow/11673724.cms?|title=Filmfare Awards 2011 Nominations|website=The Times of India|date=1 February 2012|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[60th Filmfare Awards|2015]]
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Story
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/filmfare-awards-winners-20422.html|title=60th Filmfare Awards: Complete list of winners|website=India TV|date=2 February 2015|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== International Indian Film Academy Awards ===
The [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]] (shortened as IIFA) is an annual international event organised by the Wizcraft International Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. to honour excellence in the Hindi cinema.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:5%;" | Year
! style="width:25%;"| Film
! style="width:25%;"| Category
! style="width:10%;"| Result
! style="width:5%;" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| [[9th IIFA Awards|2008]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| ''[[Jab We Met]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="3"| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/04/16/3780/index.html|title=Nominations for the IIFA Awards 2008|date=16 April 2008|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308032548/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/04/16/3780/index.html|archive-date=8 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/iifa-2008-and-the-award-goes-to-290781.html|title=The winners of the prestigious IIFA Awards 2008|website=CNN-News18|date=9 June 2008|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[IIFA Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[IIFA Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[11th IIFA Awards|2010]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| {{lang|hi-latn|[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]}}
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Director
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/watch-bigg-boss-13-winner-sidharth-shukla-gets-argument-arjun-kapoor-old-video/|title=Nominations for IIFA Awards 2010|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=8 May 2010|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Story
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[13th IIFA Awards|2012]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Director
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-iifa-awards-2012/|title=Nominations for IIFA Awards 2012|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=5 May 2012|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Story
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[16th IIFA Awards|2015]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| ''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-iifa-awards-2015/|title=Nominations for IIFA Awards 2015|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=14 April 2015|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Director
| {{nom}}
|-
|}

=== Producers Guild Film Awards ===
The [[Producers Guild Film Awards]] (previously known as the Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards) is an annual event organised by the Film Producers Guild of India.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:5%;" | Year
! style="width:25%;"| Film
! style="width:25%;"| Category
! style="width:10%;"| Result
! style="width:5%;" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| 2008
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| ''[[Jab We Met]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="3"| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200803311541.htm|title='Chak De..' has a field day at Producers Guild Awards|date=31 March 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405182916/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200803311541.htm|archive-date=5 April 2008|url-status=dead|author-link=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2008/03/14/3674/index.html|title=Nominations for 3rd Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|date=14 March 2008|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618230721/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2008/03/14/3674/index.html|archive-date=18 June 2008}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Screenplay
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Dialogues
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"| 2010
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"| {{lang|hi-latn|[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]}}
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Director
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="4"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-5th-apsara-film-television-producers-guild-awards/|title=Nominations for 5th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=15 December 2009|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-of-5th-apsara-film-television-producers-guild-awards/|title=Winners of 5th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=8 January 2010|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Story
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Screenplay
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Dialogues
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| 2012
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Director
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-7th-chevrolet-apsara-film-and-television-producers-guild-awards/|title=Nominations for 7th Chevrolet Apsara Film and Television Producers Guild Awards|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=25 January 2012|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Screenplay
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"| 2015
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"| ''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Director
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="4"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/star-guild-awards-2015-queen-pk-lead-nominations-724735|title=Producers Guild of India Announced The Nominations for 2015|website=NDTV|date=9 January 2015|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Story
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Screenplay
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Dialogues
| {{nom}}
|-
|}

=== Screen Awards ===
The [[Screen Awards]] are presented annually by [[Indian Express Limited]] to honour excellence in Hindi cinema.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:5%;" | Year
! style="width:25%;"| Film
! style="width:25%;"| Category
! style="width:10%;"| Result
! style="width:5%;" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| 2008
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| ''[[Jab We Met]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Screen Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="3"| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/01/02/3422/index.html|title=Nominees for 14th Annual Screen Awards|date=2 January 2008|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429081517/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/01/02/3422/index.html|archive-date=29 April 2009|agency=IndiaFM News Bureau}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Screen Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Screen Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"| 2010
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"| {{lang|hi-latn|[[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]}}
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Screen Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="4"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-nokia-16th-annual-star-screen-awards-2009/|title=Nominations for Nokia 16th Annual Star Screen Awards 2009|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=31 December 2009|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-of-nokia-16th-annual-star-screen-awards-2009/|title=Winners of Nokia 16th Annual Star Screen Awards 2009|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=9 January 2010|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Story
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Screenplay
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Dialogue
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2015
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| Best Director
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/in-the-reckoning-3/|title=21st Annual Life OK Screen Awards nominations|website=Indian Express|date=8 January 2010|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Other awards ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:5%;" | Year
! style="width:25%;"| Film
! style="width:25%;"| Category
! style="width:10%;"| Result
! style="width:5%;" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2017
| {{N/A}}
| style="text-align:center;"| Kenya Tourism Board – IIFTC Tourism Impact Awards
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travelmail.in/kenya-tourism-board-felicitates-film-maker-imtiaz-ali-with-iiftc-tourism-impact-awards/|title=Kenya Tourism Board felicitates film maker Imtiaz Ali with IIFTC Tourism Impact Awards|website=Travelmail|date=7 March 2017|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2019
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Jab Harry Met Sejal]]''
| style="text-align:center;"| Portuguese Government – Portuguese Touristic Medal of Merit
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/portugal-honours-imtiaz-alis-jab-harry-met-sejal/1577977|title=Portugal honours Imtiaz Ali's ''Jab Harry Met Sejal''|website=Outlook India|date=18 July 2019|access-date=17 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tourismindia.org/medal-of-merit-to-imtiaz-ali-for-jab-harry-met-sejal/|title=Medal of Merit to Imtiaz Ali for "Jab Harry Met Sejal"|website=Tourism India|date=19 July 2019|access-date=17 February 2020|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217114919/https://tourismindia.org/medal-of-merit-to-imtiaz-ali-for-jab-harry-met-sejal/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=1665004|name=Imtiaz Ali}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160126220122/http://www.indianauteur.com/?p=535#more-535 A very short Interview with Imtiaz Ali] at ''Indian Auteur''
{{Commons}}

{{Filmography of Imtiaz Ali}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestDialogue}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestDirector}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali, Imtiaz}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from Patna]]
[[Category:People from Jamshedpur]]
[[Category:Hindu College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Bihar]]
[[Category:Film directors from Bihar]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]

Dahanukarwadi metro station

2026-03-08T09:52:38Z

RosariaE70:

{{Short description|Mumbai Metro's Yellow Line 2A metro station}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Dahanukarwadi
| native_name = {{white|{{nobold|डहाणूकरवाडी}}}}
| style = Mumbai Metro
| style2 = Yellow
| image =
| image_upright = 1.3
| caption =

| address = Kandivli, Mahatma Gandhi Nagar, Kandivli West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400067
| coordinates = {{coord|19.20624|N|72.83476|E|display=inline,title|format=dms}}
| owned = [[File:MMRDA logo cropped.svg|22px]] [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]]
| operator = {{rint|mumbai|m}} Maha Mumbai Metro Operation Corporation Ltd.
| line = {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|Line 2A|croute}}
| platforms = 2 [[side platforms]]
| tracks = 3

| structure = [[Elevated]]
| parking =
| bicycle =
| accessible =
| code = '''209'''

| opened = {{Start date and age|2022|04|02|df=y}}
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_rank =

| services = {{Adjstn|system=Mumbai Metro|line=2A|right=Kandivli (West)|left=Valnai–Meeth Chowky}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail|marker-color = #{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|Line 2}}}}
}}

'''Dahanukarwadi''' is an elevated metro station serving the Dahanukarwadi neighbourhood of [[Kandivli]] on the North-South corridor of the [[Line 2 (Mumbai Metro)|Yellow Line 2A]] of [[Mumbai Metro]] in [[Mumbai]], India. This station is owned by the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]] (MMRDA) and was inaugurated on 2 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai Metro: Line 2A, Line 7 launched, check routes, station details here |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mumbai-metro-line-2a-line-7-launches-check-routes-station-details-here-3018021 |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-20 |title=Mumbai Metro's 2A & 7 Lines to Cover Andheri to Dahisar in Just 75 Minutes {{!}} Know Fare, Routes as Ops Begin Today |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/mumbai-metros-2a-7-lines-to-cover-andheri-to-dahisar-in-just-75-minutes-know-fare-routes-as-ops-begin-today-6877861.html |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
J Kumar Infraprojects was awarded the contract to construct the station in June 2016.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 August 2016 |title=Tainted J Kumar Infraporjects bags Dahisar-DN Nagar Metro 2A project |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-tainted-j-kumar-infraporjects-bags-dahisar-dn-nagar-metro-2a-project-2242773 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015125202/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-tainted-j-kumar-infraporjects-bags-dahisar-dn-nagar-metro-2a-project-2242773 |archive-date=15 October 2016 |access-date=14 October 2016 |website=dna}}</ref> The MMRDA announced that electrification of the line had been completed on 26 May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2021 |title=MMRDA to conduct test run for two elevated Metro lines next week |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/mmrda-to-conduct-test-run-for-two-elevated-metro-lines-next-week/articleshow/82979298.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en |agency=IANS}}</ref> Dahanukarwadi was opened to the public on 2 April 2022, along with the first phase of Line 2A.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-03 |title=Mumbai: Phase 1 of Metro Line 2A and 7 opened for public |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-8-pm-today-phase-1-of-metro-line-2a-7-to-be-thrown-open-to-public-7850274/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-19 |title=Mumbai Metro: These 2 lines to get operational today. Check route, other details |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/mumbai-metro-rail-lines-2a-7-to-get-operational-today-check-route-other-details-11674107578757.html |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

== Station layout ==
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;vertical-align:top;border-top:solid 1px gray;" rowspan=5;|'''2nd Floor'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 height=45|'''Platform 1A'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=390| {{0|→}} Pocket track toward Charkop depot →
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]] {{access icon}}}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 height=45|'''Platform 1'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=390| {{0|→}} toward {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|line 2|right}} ({{stl|Mumbai Metro|Kandivli (West)}}) →
|-
|height=45|'''Platform 2'''
| ← toward {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|line 2A|left}} ({{stl|Mumbai Metro|Valnai–Meeth Chowky}})
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]] {{access icon}}}}
|-
|style="vertical-align:top"|'''1st Floor'''
|style="vertical-align:top"|Mezzanine
|style="vertical-align:top"|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=50 |'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=100 |Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=420 |Exit/Entrance
|}

=== Power and signaling system ===
Like all other stations and railways of [[Mumbai Metro|Mumbai metro]], Dahanaukarwadi station also uses 25,000 volt AC power system by [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]] to operate the trains.

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Mumbai Metro navbox|line 2=yes}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2022]]
[[Category:Mumbai Metro stations]]

Manaalane Mangaiyin Baakkiyam

2026-03-04T04:59:09Z

RosariaE70: added info!

{{More plot|date=June 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Manaalane Mangaiyin Baakkiyam.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Vedantam Raghavaiah]]
| producer = [[P. Adinarayana Rao]]
| story = Sadasiva Brahmam Athithyan
| writer = Udhaya Kumar (dialogues)
| starring = [[Anjali Devi]] [[Gemini Ganesan]]
| music = [[P. Adinarayana Rao]]
| cinematography = M. A. Rehman
| editing = N. S. Prakash
| studio = [[Anjali Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|1957|05|24|df=y}}
| runtime = 209 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
}}

'''''Manaalane Mangaiyin Baakkiyam''''' ({{Translation|Husband is a woman's fortune}}) is a 1957 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[fantasy film]] directed by [[Vedantam Raghavaiah]], starring [[Anjali Devi]] and [[Gemini Ganesan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=1957 – மணாளனே மங்கையின் பாக்கியம் – அஞ்சலி பிக். சுவர்ண சுந்தரி-தெலுங்கு. |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1957-cinedetails18.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111134852/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1957-cinedetails18.asp |archive-date=11 November 2017 |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Karthikeyan |date=24 May 2023 |title=Manalane Mangayin Bhagyam: 66 ஆண்டுகளை நிறைவு செய்யும் 'மணாளனே மங்கையின் பாக்கியம்' |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actress-anjali-devis-manalane-mangayin-bhagyam-movie-completes-66-years-of-its-release-on-may-24-131684867450304.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524022848/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actress-anjali-devis-manalane-mangayin-bhagyam-movie-completes-66-years-of-its-release-on-may-24-131684867450304.html |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=Ta }}</ref>

The film was made simultaneously in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Suvarna Sundari]]'' with [[A. Nageswara Rao]] replacing Ganesan and a slightly different supporting cast. The story is about a human from Earth and an angel from a celestial land falling in love and the many turns the tale takes. It was remade in [[Hindi language|Hindi]] as ''Suvarna Sundari'' with Anjali Devi reprising her role alongside Nageswara Rao.

==Plot==
Jayanthan, the prince of Kulothungan Chozlan takes leaves of his Guru, after completing his education. Peeved by his refusal to marry her, Guru's daughter Sarala falsely accuses him of breaching her chastity. The minister's son Vasanthan advises Jayanth to stay incognito for some time to escape punishment from the king. So, Jayanthan gets ousted from the kingdom. He stays in a cave where he meets celestial dancer Sundari, who comes to earth on every Karthika Pournami day. Their love story is laced with curses and boons. They love each other. Lord Indra comes to know about their love and curses Suvarna Sundari. As a result, Jayanth forgets her. She loses her child near the river. How the two protagonists reunite forms the story. Jayanthi played his female guise, due to a curse.

==Cast==
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast
*[[Gemini Ganesan]] as Jayanthan
*[[S. V. Subbaiah]] as King Deva Rayar
*[[T. S. Durairaj]] as Kailasam
*[[A. Karunanidhi]] as Ullasam
*[[K. Balaji]] as [[Indra|Lord Indra]]
*[[Valluri Balakrishna|Balakrishna]] as Aghasam
*Sattampillai Venkatraman as Vasanthudu
*Lakshmaiah Chowdary as Ratchasan ({{Translation|demon}})
*Master Babji as Siva Kumaran
*[[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] as Tata, the goat herder (uncredited)<ref name="movie">{{Cite AV media |title=Manaalane Mangaiyin Baakkiyam|type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher= Venus Studio|year=1957}}</ref>{{rp|54:06}}

{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast
*[[Anjali Devi]] as Sundari
*[[Rajasulochana]] as Jayanthi
*[[Girija (actress)|Girija]] as Prathima Devi
*[[E. V. Saroja]] as [[Parvati|Goddess Parvathi]]
*K. Suryakala as Sarala
*S. Mohana as Dollmaker
*[[Kanchana (actress)|Vasundhara]] as Naaga Kanyaa
{{Col-end}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[P. Adinarayana Rao]]. All lyrics were by [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]].{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} In an interview to ''[[The Indian Express]]'' in 1987, Adinarayana Rao said for a song in the Tamil version, he "adapted a rare composition of the famous Tanjore quartet" which prompted their sons to file a copyright violation, later Adinarayana Rao was bailed out by his friend.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkataramana |first=V. |date=10 April 1987 |title=The Standard of music in Telugu films has gone down |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yIplAAAAIBAJ&sjid=f54NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2324%2C2659050 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720043407/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yIplAAAAIBAJ&sjid=f54NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2324%2C2659050 |archive-date=20 July 2024 |access-date=23 June 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=14 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Thesulaavudhe Then Malaraale" ||[[Ghantasala (singer)|Ghantasala]] & [[P. Suseela]] || 05:28
|-
| "Azhaikkaadhe Ninaikkaadhe" || P. Suseela || 03:42
|-
| "Mogamadaa Thaalaadha Modamadaa" || [[M. S. Rama Rao]] & [[P. Leela]] || 03:33
|-
| "Jegadheeswaraa" || P. Suseela || 05:58
|-
| "Mannaadhi Mannarum Kannaale" || P. Leela || 04:16
|-
| "Neeye En Vaazhvin Nidhiyaagume" || P. Suseela || 04:03
|-
| "Kanee Nee Vaadaa Kaniye Nee" || M. S. Rama Rao & P. Suseela || 04:30
|-
| "Munivor Manadhil Oliyaai" || Ghantasala || 00:26
|-
| "Joraana Bommai Paarungga" || P. Suseela || 03:26
|-
| "Evanndaa Nam Munne" || [[S. C. Krishnan]] || 02:48
|-
| "Utthana Thom Thom Thanaa" || P. Leela & [[A. P. Komala]] || 02:21
|-
| "Dheva Dhayai Puriya Vaa" || P. Suseela || 04:22
|-
| "Polladha Maaranum Villendhum" || A. P. Komala || 02:57
|-
| "Ammaa Ammaa Enum Anaiyaadha" || Ghantasala || 03:01
|}

== Critical reception ==
{{Empty section|date=June 2025}}
<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=16 June 1957 |title=மணாளனே மங்கையின் பாக்கியம் |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1957-06-16/kalki1957-06-16.pdf |access-date=12 June 2025 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=54–55 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Vedantam Raghavaiah}}

[[Category:1957 Indian films]]
[[Category:1957 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1957 films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian folklore]]
[[Category:Films scored by P. Adinarayana Rao]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language fantasy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:1957 fantasy films]]

Sangharsha

2026-03-04T03:46:52Z

RosariaE70: added references

{{for|the 1995 film|Sangharsha (1995 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sangharsha
| image = Sangharsha.jpeg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Sujit Guha]]
| producer = Naresh Kumar Jain
| writer = Monotosh Chakraborty
| screenplay = Monotosh Chakraborty
| story = Akula Siva
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] [[Swastika Mukherjee]] [[Sayantani Ghosh]] [[Rajatava Dutta]] [[Mrinal Mukherjee]] [[Anuradha Ray]]
| music = Malay Ganguly
| cinematography =
| editing = Atish De Sarkar
| studio = Nikita Arts
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2007|03|01|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Sangharsha''''' is a 2007 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Action film|action drama film]] directed by [[Sujit Guha]] and produced by Naresh Kumar Jain.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FilmiClub |title=Sangharsha (2007) |url=https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/sangharsha-2007-bengali-movie |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=FilmiClub |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811204813/https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/sangharsha-2007-bengali-movie |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film features actors [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], [[Swastika Mukherjee]], [[Sayantani Ghosh]], and [[Rajatava Dutta]], in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/sangharsha-movie/15437|title=Sangharsha (2007) Main details|work=gomolo.com|accessdate=27 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402100930/http://www.gomolo.com/sangharsha-movie/15437|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is a remake of the 2006 Telugu film ''[[Lakshmi (2006 film)|Lakshmi]]'' starring [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], [[Nayantara]] and [[Charmme Kaur]].

== Cast ==
* [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] as Bijoy Dev
* [[Swastika Mukherjee]] as Nandini
* [[Sayantani Ghosh]] as Anjali, Bijoy's PA
* [[Rajatava Dutta]] as Janardhan
* [[Mrinal Mukherjee]] as Baga
* [[Subhasish Mukherjee]] as Man who came to Bijoy's company for demanding money
* [[Anuradha Ray]] as Bijoy's mother
* Ramen Roy Chowdhury as Bijoy's father
* Ratan Lakhmani as Prasad Dev
* Rishi Mukherjee as Bijoy's brother-in-law
* Puja Gangopadhyay as Chandra
* Premjit as Vyas Dev
* Dola Chowdhury as Sathi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/sangharsha-movie-cast-crew/15437|title=Sangharsha (2007) Cast & Crew|work=gomolo.com|accessdate=27 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402195608/http://www.gomolo.com/sangharsha-movie-cast-crew/15437|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Diganta Bagchi as Raghav, Baga's son
* Tanveer Khan as Suresh
* Sumit Ganguly as Babuji

== Soundtrack ==
Music of the film was composed by Malay Ganguly and lyrics of the album were penned by Gautam Susmit. [[Babul Supriyo]], [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Miss Jojo]] gave their voices for the album.
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 26:32
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics = [[Gautam Susmit]]
| title1 = Ektu Ektu Kore Chaoa
| lyrics1 = Gautam Susmit
| music1 =
| extra1 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| length1 = 04:48
| title2 = Buker Bhitor Kichu Jeno
| lyrics2 = Gautam Susmit
| music2 =
| extra2 = [[Miss Jojo]]
| length2 = 05:02
| title3 = Kichu Kotha Jayena Bola
| lyrics3 = Gautam Susmit
| music3 =
| extra3 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length3 = 05:09
| title4 = Tomake Prothom Alape
| lyrics4 = Gautam Susmit
| music4 =
| extra4 = [[Babul Supriyo]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
| length4 = 04:14
| title5 = E Bhabey Ek Sutray
| lyrics5 = Gautam Susmit
| music5 =
| extra5 = [[Babul Supriyo]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| length5 = 04:46
| title6 = Bechey Thak Bhalobasha (sad)
| lyrics6 = Gautam Susmit
| music6 =
| extra6 = Tritoy
| length6 = 02:33
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|8690772}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sangharsha}}
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:2007 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Bengali remakes of Telugu films]]

{{2000s-Bengali-film-stub}}

Bodhisattva (film)

2026-03-04T00:23:56Z

RosariaE70: refined formatting based on references additionally per sources

{{Short description|2010 Indian Bengali film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Bodhisattva
|image = Bodhisattva film poster.jpg
|alt =
|caption = Film poster
|native_name = [[Bodhisattva]] or Interrogation of a Husband (American title)
|director = [[San Banarje]]
|writer =
|screenplay = San Banarje [[Trisha Ray]]
|story = San Banarje Trisha Ray
|based_on =
|producer = San Banarje Trisha Ray
|starring =
|narrator =
|cinematography = San Banarje
|editing = Trisha Ray
|music =
|studio =
|distributor =
|released = {{Film date|2010}}
|language = Bengali
|country = India
}}

'''''Bodhisattva''''' or "Interrogation of a Husband" is a 2010 [[independent film]] directed by [[San Banarje]] and written by [[Trisha Ray]] and San Banarje.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://houston.culturemap.com/newsdetail/04-17-10-bollywood-meets-houston-ibodhisattvai-gets-its-world-premiere/ |title=Bollywood meets Houston: Bodhisattva gets its world premiere – 2010-Apr-17 – CultureMap Houston |publisher=Houston.culturemap.com |date= |access-date=2012-10-19}}</ref> The film stars [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] in the title role and [[Trisha Ray]] as his daughter. The film was shot in seven days and edited in one month.<ref name="convio1">{{Cite web |url=http://kuhf.convio.net/programaudio/thefrontrow/2010/04/100415Film_web.mp3 |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226213019/http://kuhf.convio.net/programaudio/thefrontrow/2010/04/100415Film_web.mp3 |archive-date=26 December 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The world premiere of film was on 19 April 2010 at the Worldfest Houston International Film Festival where it won the Platinum Remi Award.<ref>{{cite web|author=Priyanka Dasgupta |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Americans-watch-Soumitradas-films-San/articleshow/5836312.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105045040/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-21/news-interviews/28147444_1_bengali-film-american-film-indian-films |url-status=live |archive-date=2012-11-05 |title=Americans watch Soumitrada's films: San |date=2010-04-21 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2012-10-19}}</ref>
The English title is 'Interrogation of a Husband.'

== Storyline ==
Maya ([[Trisha Ray]]) has not been able to forgive her father Bodhisattva ([[Soumitra Chatterjee]]) for her mother's suicide. So when she comes home from the United States after a long time, instead of staying with him, she puts up with an old classmate Anu (Miska Halim) and her husband Avik ([[San Banarje]]). What begins as a fun visit, soon turns into a psychological battle between the trio and peaks to a shattering climax. A story about human relationships encircling ego, pride, power and obsession, the film takes a look at urban India with its modern family setup.

== Plot ==
The film starts with Avik ([[San Banarje]]) being interrogated by a police investigator in a police station in [[Calcutta]], [[India]] about his wife Anu's murder, which Avik believes to be suicide as no one else was in the house at the time of her death. The investigator asks him about the guest who was staying with them for a couple of weeks and Avik tells him, her name is Maya and her father's name is Bodhisattva.

The next hour introduces the mysterious Maya ([[Trisha Ray]]) whose frequent visits with her business tycoon father Bodhisattva ([[Soumitra Chatterjee]]) reveal the equally mysterious relationship between the two. Slowly it emerges that Maya has not been able to forgive her father for her mother's death and that is why she does not stay with him while visiting India from the United States. There is also an [[Electra complex]] noticed in her relationship with her father.

As she continues to live with Anu and her husband Avik, we are exposed to her attraction toward Avik that disbalances the otherwise harmonious co-habitation of the couple.

Meantime, Avik, an aspiring filmmaker continues to find producers for his new screenplay and meets Producer Roy (Biswajit Chakraborty) who takes a liking to him because of his interest in soccer and particularly in the legendary football star [[Diego Maradona]] whose picture on Roy's desk amuses Avik. Roy pressurizes Avik to make changes to his artistic script to make it more commercial.

At home, Maya accuses Anu of cheating on Avik, thereby causing more rift in the family, and finally is asked to leave their home. When Avik does not give in to her moves, a devastated Maya turns to Bodhisattva for advice. Bodhisattva tells her "Defeat is not an option" and urges her to do whatever is necessary to prove to him that she is his worthy daughter. However, when she acts according to her father's want, a furious Bodhisattva turns her away, calling her 'weak' and 'at fault.' An argument follows between the father and daughter that leads to a buried past.

The investigator follows Avik's directions and goes to Bodhisattva's house in search of Maya. The film ends with more revelations that leaves him speechless.

== Cast ==
* [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] as Bodhisattva
* [[Trisha Ray]] as Maya
* [[San Banarje]] as Avik
* Mishka Halim as Anu
* [[Biswajit Chakraborty]] as Producer Roy
* Sankar Roy Chowdhury as Bar Owner Anjan
* Dibyaroop Roy as Gun Dealer
* Sambhu Munshi as Bodhisattva's Landlord

== Production ==
The film was conceived in October 2009 by [[San Banarje]] and [[Trisha Ray]] and shot in {{frac|6|1|2}} days in November 2009.

San and Trisha wanted to create a story surrounding veteran actor [[Soumitra Chatterjee]], after working with him in a film titled ''Sugarbaby'' that was shot in India earlier that year.

Casting began when Soumitra agreed to do the role of Bodhisattva, under the direction of [[San Banarje]].
Actress Mishka Halim who plays Anu, was picked by San from a TV series shoot. It was her first feature film. The voice of her character was dubbed by voice actress Namita.
It was Soumitra who asked San to play the role of Avik.
Trisha wanted to play the role of Maya but San was not convinced that Trisha was right for the part of Maya, as she was not able to project the character he had in mind during reads. After the first day of shoot, San confirmed Trisha as Maya.

The entire film was shot in Trisha's mother's house in Kolkata.

The production did not have enough budget for on-location sound recordist, so the film was entirely dubbed at a sound studio in Kolkata, and synced in Houston.
Due to the lack of budget, the film could only hire a very small number of crew, whom they had earlier worked with in ''Sugarbaby''.
Being the actor, director and cinematographer of the film, during his own scenes, San had to set up the camera with a stand-in and then have his Assistant DoP Gairik or their camera assistant Surinder operate it.
Trisha did the final sound design and mixing in Houston.

The film changed its story several times during post-production, and found its final shape during test screening in Houston, when they returned to the United States.

The film premiered in April 2010 to a full house at AMC Studio 30, as part of Worldfest Houston International film festival, which happens each year in their hometown. The film won a Platinum Award at the festival.

== Film festivals and awards ==
Bodhisattva went on to win seven awards and several nominations in many national and international film festivals including Houston,<ref>{{cite web|author=Joey Guerra |url=http://www.29-95.com/time-suck/story/gulf-coast-film-video-festival-keeps-it-local |title=Gulf Coast Film & Video Festival keeps it local | Houston Time Suck |publisher=29-95.com |date=2012-09-12 |access-date=2012-10-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916041326/http://www.29-95.com/time-suck/story/gulf-coast-film-video-festival-keeps-it-local |archive-date=16 September 2012 }}</ref> New Jersey,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/indian-film-bodhisattva-wins-at-hoboken-film-fest/633053/ |title=Indian Film Bodhisattva wins at Hoboken Film Fest |publisher=Financialexpress.com |date=2010-06-13 |access-date=2012-10-19}}</ref> Virginia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alexandrianews.org/2010/top-stories/and-the-winners-are/21172/ |title=And The Winners Are… |publisher=AlexandriaNews |date=2010-11-09 |access-date=2012-10-19}}</ref> New York, Oklahoma,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/San-Banarje/speednewsbytopic/keyid-141747.cms |title=San Banarje: Real Time News and Latest Updates on San Banarje at The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date= |access-date=2012-10-19}}</ref> Vancouver,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.angaelica.com/festivals/history/cgiff2011/officialselections/ |title=Official Selections |publisher=Angaelica |date=2011-07-01 |access-date=2012-10-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021200618/http://www.angaelica.com/festivals/history/cgiff2011/officialselections/ |archive-date=21 October 2012 }}</ref> Mexico,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mexicofilmfestival.com/Festival_2007/past_winners/2011_bronzea.aspx |title=Mexico International Film Festival | 2011 Bronze Palm Winners |publisher=Mexicofilmfestival.com |access-date=2012-10-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903091757/http://www.mexicofilmfestival.com/Festival_2007/past_winners/2011_bronzea.aspx |archive-date=3 September 2012 }}</ref> and Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marbellafilmfestival.com/archives/awards-2011/ |title=Awards 2011 |publisher=Marbella Film Festival |date= |access-date=2012-10-19}}</ref>

== Track ==
The only music piece used in Bodhisattva is an opera piece 'Questo Amor,' originally composed by [[Puccini]] and performed by Welsh musician [[Paul Carey Jones]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb title|1258221|Bodhisattva}}

[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2010 independent films]]
[[Category:Indian independent films]]
[[Category:2010 drama films]]
[[Category:2010 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]

Naanu Naane

2026-03-03T21:45:09Z

RosariaE70: improved details further and fixed typos to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Naanu Naane
| image = Naanu Naane.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[D. Rajendra Babu]]
| screenplay =
| writer =
| story =Dharmesh Darshan
| producer = Medikonda Muralikrishna
| starring = [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]] [[Sakshi Shivanand]]
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| studio = Sri Venkataramana Productions
| cinematography =
| released = {{Film date|2002|10|11|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| runtime = 145 minutes
}}

'''''Naanu Naane''''' ({{translation|Me, Myself}}) is a 2002 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film directed by D. Rajendra Babu starring [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]] and [[Sakshi Shivanand]] with [[Anant Nag]] and [[Pavitra Lokesh]] in supporting roles. It is a remake of the Hindi film ''[[Raja Hindustani]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.ibtimes.co.in/now-upendra-sets-his-eyes-aamir-khans-3-idiots-717577|title = Now, Upendra sets his eyes on Aamir Khan's 3 Idiots|website = [[International Business Times]]|date = 27 February 2017|access-date = 18 March 2019|archive-date = 25 May 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210525002624/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/now-upendra-sets-his-eyes-aamir-khans-3-idiots-717577|url-status = live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing| * [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]] as Raja
* [[Sakshi Shivanand]] as Arathi
* [[Anant Nag]]
* [[Ramya Krishna]] (Guest appearance)
* [[Pavitra Lokesh]]
* [[Sadhu Kokila]]
* [[Kovai Sarala]]
* [[Ramesh Bhat]]
* Karthik Sharma
* Manjaiah
* [[Adi Lokesh]]
}}

== Production ==
The film was shot in [[Madikeri]] and [[Munnar]] while three songs were picturised in [[Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=viggy.com - Exclusive Kannada Film News, New Releases, Reviews, Songs, Photographs, Interviews, Wallpapers and Screen Savers |url=http://www.viggy.com/news/volume2/current_nanu.asp |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=www.viggy.com |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210033205/http://www.viggy.com/news/volume2/current_nanu.asp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="DH">{{cite web |title=FILM REVIEWS: Naanu Naane (Kannada) |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct13/filmr.asp |access-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021213013609/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct13/filmr.asp |archive-date=13 December 2002 |date=13 October 2002 |url-status=dead|last=Srikanth|work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] and released by Magnasound Records. The songs "Pardesi Jaana Nahi" and "Aaye Ho Meri" from the original Hindi film have been retained here.

{{Infobox album
| name = Naanu Naane
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2002
| recorded = 2002
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 40:05
| label = Magnasound Records
| producer = Deva
| prev_title = [[Kotigobba]]
| prev_year = 2001
| next_title = Nata
| next_year = 2002
}}

{{tracklist
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 40:05
| title1 = Sangaathi
| extra1 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| lyrics1 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| length1 = 5:55
| title2 = Gelathiye
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Anuradha Sriram
| lyrics2 = V. Nagendra Prasad
| length2 = 5:21
| title3 = Neenaade Mareechike
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Anuradha Sriram
| lyrics3 = [[R. N. Jayagopal]]
| length3 = 7:09
| title4 = Oh Geleya
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| lyrics4 = R. N. Jayagopal
| length4 = 1:52
| title5 = Kodagina Gandu
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| lyrics5 = V. Nagendra Prasad
| length5 = 5:51
| title6 = Nee Bande Baalinalli
| extra6 = K. J. Yesudas
| lyrics6 = R. N. Jayagopal
| length6 = 5:52
| title7 = Neenaade Marechike - Version 2
| extra7 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Nanditha]]
| lyrics7 = R. N. Jayagopal
| length7 = 8:05
}}

== Reception ==
Srikanth of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "This is Sakshi Shivanand’s film all the way. She has once again proved that given the right opportunities she can certainly perform apart from being a pretty face.
The same cannot be said about Upendra who has gone in for a change of image through this film Gimmicks do not work always going by what happened to all his releases this year — ''H2O'', ''Superstar'' and ''Naagarahaavu'' — all disasters. He needs to take up acting lessons seriously if he wants to remain an actor".<ref name="DH"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.viggy.com/news/review_naanu_naane.asp | title=Naanu Naane film review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902161311/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:riRC5vBSQBAJ:www.viggy.com/news/review_naanu_naane.asp&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|archive-date=2 September 2022|website=www.viggy.com}}</ref> ''Indiainfo'' wrote "The director Rajendra Babu has tried to trim the film with expertise. There is no usual Uppi style, no hasty dialogues and no gaudy dresses and weird gimmicks. It is a plain family movie. But remake film being a remake film, there are flaws like the directly translated dialogues and songs, which are intolerable".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/naanu_naane.html|title=Naanu Naane: Very Unlike Uppi|website=Indiainfo|access-date=29 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021214094059/http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/reviews/naanu_naane.html|archive-date=14 December 2002}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|14691054}}

{{D. Rajendra Babu}}

[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:2002 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:Films directed by D. Rajendra Babu]]

{{2000s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Nagar Untari

2026-02-28T06:39:46Z

RosariaE70: added a stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shree Banshidhar Nagar
| other_name = Nagar Untari
| settlement_type = Sub-Division
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.28|N|83.50|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Block
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Garhwa district, Jharkhand|Garhwa]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Shree banshidhar nagar Block|Shree banshidhar nagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 2007
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = MLA
| leader_name1 = [[Bhanu Pratap Sahi]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 248
| population_total = 116059
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank = 32
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = IST(UTC+5:30)
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 822121
| registration_plate =JH 14
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Nagpuri language|Nagpuri]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
}}
''' Shree Banshidhar Nagar''', formerly known as Nagar Untari, is one of the administrative [[Sub-Division and Community development block in India|block]] in [[Garhwa district]], [[Jharkhand]] [[States and territories of India|state]], [[India]]. It is located 40 km towards west from District headquarters [[Garhwa]].
Shree Banshidhar Nagar is surrounded by states [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Bihar]].

[[Ranchi]] is the state capital of it which is located around 212.5 km away.

This place is famous for Baba Shree Banshidhar and Raja Pahari . Shree Banshidhar temple contains century old gold statue of [[Radha]]-[[Krishna]] and Raja Pahari([[Shiva]] Temple) located at the Top of a Hill.

== Geography ==

[[File:Nagar Untari.jpg|thumb|Railway Station Nagar Untari|left]]
Shree Banshidhar Nagar lies between 23°50′ and 24°8′ north latitude and between 83°55′ and 84°30′ east longitude. It is bordered on the north by [[Bihar]] and on the east by the [[Palamu district]], on the south by [[Chhattisgarh]] and on the west by [[Uttar Pradesh]].
This covers an area of 5043.8 km² and has a population of 46079 approximately.
The surrounding nearby villages and its distance from Shree Banshidhar Nagar are Kushdand 0.4 km, Chitvishram 1.5 km,
Tharakiya 6 km, Puraini 1.6 km, Jangipur 3.4 km, Bhojpur 3.7 km, Garbandh 7.2 km, Bilaspur 7.8 km.
The following table shows other railway stations and its distance from Shree banshidhar nagar Untari.
* Wyndhamganj - 10.4 km.
* Ramna - 11.7 km.
* Mahuariya - 20.4 km
* Meralgram - 23.2 km.
* [[Garhwa]] - 33.9 km.
* Garhwa Road - 48.7 km.
* Ranchi - 243.8 km.

The other nearest state capitals are [[Lucknow]], Patna and Raipur. Shree Banshidhar Nagar is a village panchayat located in the Garhwa district of Jharkhand state, India. The latitude 24.28 and longitude 83.50 are the geocoordinate of the Shree Banshidhar Nagar. Distance of Lucknow from here is 258.5 km. The other surrounding state capitals are Patna 221.4 km, Lucknow 385.9 km, [[Bhubaneswar]] 507.1 km.

== History ==
[[File:Princely State123.jpg|thumb|right|Princely State(Nagar Garh)]]

Shree Banshidhar Nagar (earlier named as Nagar Untari) is a [[Royal estate]] which was once ruled by the Deo Family. Bhaiya Rudra Pratap Deo was the last ruler to have ruled the place. Bhaiya Shankar pratap deo Son of Bhaiya Rudra Pratap Deo has 5 sons (Bade Raja) Raj Rajendra Pratap Deo, Dharmendra Pratap Deo, Mahendra Pratap Deo, Birender Pratap Deo and (Chote Raja) Anant Pratap Deo. Bhaiya Shankar Pratap Deo was a former minister in government of Bihar and multiple times member of legislative assembly. The family owns a magnificent [[Palace]] in the city which is very near to shree Bansidhar mandir and is a sight to view. The family still stays in the [[Palace]] and are actively involved in the state politics.

===Festivals===
[[File:Durga Puja.jpg|thumb|right|Durga Puja in Shree Banshidhar Nagar]]

[[File:Chhath Puja.jpg|thumb|right|Chhath Puja in Shree Banshidhar Nagar]]
* [[Durga Puja]]
* [[Deepawali]]
* [[Holi]]
* [[Chhath|Chhath Puja]]
* [[Ram Navami]]
* [[Eid ul-Fitr|Id-ul fitr]]
* [[Eid al-Adha]]
* [[Moharram]]
* [[Raksha Bandhan|Rakhi]]
* [[Basant Panchami]]
* [[Makar Sankranti]]
* [[Krishna Janmashtami|Shri Krishna Janmastmi]]

== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Sree Bansidhar Nagar CD block (2011)<ref name="Religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|82.75}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|16.42}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Jharkhand|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.50}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.31}}
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Sree Bansidhar Nagar CD block had a total population of 102,772, of which the entire population lived in rural areas. Sree Bansidhar Nagar had a sex ratio of 930 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 62.39%. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 18,426. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 26,415 (25.70%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 12,003 (11.68%).<ref name="census2011">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Garhwa |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/544/download/1824/DH_2011_2001_PART_A_DCHB_GARHWA.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Languages in Sree Bansidhar Nagar CD block (2011)<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10207/download/13319/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 78.33 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Magahi language|Magahi]] |value2 = 12.03 |color2 = crimson
|label3 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |value3 = 3.44 |color3 = mediumseagreen
|label4 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value4 = 2.79 |color4 = gold
|label5 = [[Urdu]] |value5 = 2.39 |color5 = green
|other = y |other-label = Others |other-color = grey
}}

==Facilities==
*'''Market:''' A small market called Nagar bazar is situated in the middle of the block.
*'''Railway Station''' Nagar Untari is a famous railway station connected to Garhwa and Renukoot central government approved to rename this railway station on name of Lord Shri Krishna as Shree Banshidhar Nagar railway station .
*'''Hospital''' Trauma Centre Hospital Shree Banshidhar Nagar is one of the famous hospital at Shree Banshidhar Nagar.

==Tourists attractions==

*'''Sukhaldari:''' This is a beautiful waterfall located in Dhurki, Shree Banshidhar Nagar. Many people come here for bathing on festivals.
It is specially known for "[[Makar Sankranti]]" festival.
*''' Shree Banshidhar Temple:''' This is a very old "[[Radha]]-[[Krishna]]" temple. This temple contains Gold Statues of God.This is also an attractive place to visit in Shree banshidhar nagar.
*'''Raja Pahari:''' This is a [[Shiva]] temple known for placed at Hill. approximately {{cvt|300|m}} above the ground level.

==See also==
*[[Garhwa district]]
*[[Palamu district]]
*[[Jharkhand]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Palamu Division}}

[[Category:Garhwa district]]
[[Category:Community development blocks in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Community development blocks in Garhwa district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Garhwa district]]

Seraikela block

2026-02-18T17:59:34Z

RosariaE70: added the post initial version

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Seraikela
| nickname = 
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = File:Traditional chhau dancer.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A Chhau dancer performing in a Jharkhand village
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| coordinates = {{coord|22.8012|N|85.9444|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Seraikela Kharsawan district|Seraikela Kharsawan]]
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 268.53
| population_total = 79507
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = [[Official language|Official]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics2_title2 = Regional
| demographics2_info2 = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Ho language|Ho]], [[Santali language|Santali]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 832119
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 06597
| registration_plate = JH 22
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 64.61%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Singhbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Singhbhum]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Seraikella (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Seraikella]]
| website = {{URL|seraikela.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Seraikela block''' (also spelled as Saraikela or Seraikella) is a [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] that forms an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative division]] in the [[Seraikela Sadar subdivision]] of [[Seraikela Kharsawan district]], in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].

==History==
{{Main|Saraikela State}}
The British conquered [[Kolhan division|Kolhan]] in 1837 and consequently formed a new district [[Singhbhum district|Singhbhum]] with headquarters at [[Chaibasa]]. In 1854, Singhbhum “became a non-regulation district under the jurisdiction of the Lt. Governor of Bengal”. The Rajas of Porhat/ Singhbhum, Seraikela and Kharswan held sway over their kingdoms under British protection. The native states of [[Seraikela State|Seraikela]] and [[Kharsawan State|Kharsawan]] acceded to the Indian Union in 1948. Subsequently, Singhbhum district was divided into three subdivisions – Sadar, Dhalbhum and Seraikela. In 1956, along with the [[States Reorganisation Commission|reorganisation of the states]], three police stations of [[Manbhum|Manbhum district]], namely [[Patamda#Civic administration|Patamda]], [[Ichagarh#Civic administration|Ichagarh]] and [[Chandil#Civic administration|Chandil]] were transferred to Singhbhum district. While Patamda was added to [[Dhalbhum subdivision]], Ichagarh and Chandil to [[Seraikela Sadar subdivision]]. Seraikela Kharsawan district was carved out of [[West Singhbhum district]] in 2001. The district has two subdivisions – [[Seraikela Sadar subdivision|Seraikela Sadar]] and [[Chandil subdivision|Chandil]]. The headquarters of the district is at [[Seraikela]] town.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 5-7: History – British Period |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 23 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.128750/2015.128750.Bihar-District-Gazetteers-Singhbhum_text.pdf | title = Bihar District Gazetteers - Singhbhum |first= P.C. |last=Roy Chaudhury |work= Pages 386-391: General Administration| publisher = Secretariat Press, Bihar, Patna, 1958| access-date = 23 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan| title= District Police Profile – Seraikella Kharsawan| work= Brief Summary of the District| publisher= Jharkhand Police| access-date= 23 November 2021| archive-date= 26 November 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211126112256/https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan| url-status= dead}}</ref>

==Maoist activities==
According to a [[Press Information Bureau|PIB]] release in 2018, Seraikela Kharswan was not included in the list of the thirty districts most affected by [[Left wing extremism]] in the country. The list includes thirteen districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=181336 | title = Maoist and Naxal activities in the country| work = 1 August 2018| publisher = Press Information Bureau, Government of India| access-date = 23 November 2021}}</ref>

Jharkhand Police has mentioned “Nimdih, Chandil, Chowka, Ichagarh, Tiruldih, Kharsawan and Kuchai” police station areas of Seraikela Kharsawan district as [[Naxalite]] affected.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan | title = District Police Profile Seraikela Kharsawan | work = Security Scenario | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 23 November 2021 | archive-date = 26 November 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211126112256/https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Hemant Soren]], Chief Minister of Jharkhand, has claimed, in September 2021, that as a result of the effective action against [[Far-left politics|left wing extremism]], the “presence of hardcore Maoists has been limited to mainly four regions, namely Parasnath Pahar, Budha Pahar, Tri-junction of Seraikela-Khunti-Chaibasa district in Kolhan division and some of the areas along the Bihar border”.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/sep/26/presence-of-maoists-limited-to-only-four-regions-in-jharkhand-claims-cm-hemant-soren-2364060.html | title= Presence of Maoists limited to only four regions in Jharkhand, claims CM Hemant Soren | date= 26 September 2021 | publisher = The New Indian Express, 26 September 2021 | access-date = 23 November 2021}}</ref>

==Geography==

[[Sini, Jharkhand|Sini]], a census town in Seraikela CD block, is located at {{coord|22.8012|N|85.9444|E|display=inline}}.

The old and undivided Singhbhum district, of which the present Seraikela Kharsawan district was a part, has been described as “part of the southern fringe of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chotanagpur plateau]] and is a hilly upland tract. There are hills alternating with valleys, steep mountains, deep forests on the mountain slopes, and, in the river basins, some stretches of comparatively level or undulating country.”<ref>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.128750/2015.128750.Bihar-District-Gazetteers-Singhbhum_text.pdf | title = Bihar District Gazetteers - Singhbhum |work= P.C. Roy Chaudhury | publisher = Secretariat Press, Bihar, Patna, 1958| access-date = 22 November 2021}}</ref>

It has an elevation range of {{convert|178-209|m}}. [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]] and [[Kharkai River|Kharkai]] are important rivers in the district.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://seraikela.nic.in/district-at-a-glance/ | title = Seraikela Kharsawan | work = District at a Glance - Geography| publisher = District administration | access-date = 22 November 2021}}</ref>[[Chandil Dam]] has been built across the Subarnarekha, after Karkari River joins it.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://seraikela.nic.in/tourist-place/chandil-dam/ | title = Seraikela Kharsawan | work = Tourist Places – Chandil Dam| publisher = District administration | access-date = 22 November 2021}}</ref>

Seraikela CD block is bounded by [[Chandil block|Chandil]] CD block on the north, [[Adityapur block|Adityapur]] CD block on the east, [[Gobindpur block|Gobindpur]] CD block on the south, and Khuntpani CD block in West Singhbhum district and [[Kharsawan block|Kharsawan]] CD block on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/saraikela.html | title = CD block/ Tehsil map of Saraikela Kharsawan | publisher = Maps of India | access-date = 22 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/paschimi-singhbhum.html | title = CD block/ Tehsil map of Paschimi Singhbhum | publisher = Maps of India| access-date = 22 November 2021}}</ref>

Seraikela CD block has an area of 268.53 km2.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2024_PART_B_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikela Khasawan, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Location Code: 0259, Pages 26-27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 21 November 2021}}</ref>[[Saraikela#Civic administration|Seraikella]] police station serves Seraikela CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan | title = District Police Profile – Seraikella Kharsawan | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 21 November 2021 | archive-date = 26 November 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211126112256/https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan | url-status = dead }}</ref> The headquarters of Seraikela CD block is located at [[Saraikela]] town.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Seraikela Kharsawan district on the fifth page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 21 November 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Seraikela CD block had a total population of 79,507, of which 73,125 were rural and 6,383 were urban. There were 39,989 (50%) males and 39,518 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 12,179. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 5,558 (6.99%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 38,194 (48.04%).<ref name=census2011/>

The only [[census town]] in Seraikela CD block is (2011 population figure in brackets): [[Sini, Jharkhand|Sini]] (6,382).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Seraikela CD block was 43,502 (64.61% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 25,999 (77.00% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 17,503 (52.15% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 24.84%.<ref name=census2011/>

{{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Seraikela Kharsawan district was 68.85%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_jharkhand.html | title= Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand |work= Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India | access-date = 22 November 2021}}</ref> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |title=Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011|work= Page 110| publisher=Government of India| access-date = 22 November 2021}}</ref>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Seraikela Kharsawan district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages in Seraikela CD block (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 29.83 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Odia language|Odia]]|value2 = 22.47|color2 = saddlebrown
|label3 = [[Ho language|Ho]] |value3 = 22.30 |color3 = deepskyblue
|label4 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value4= 10.40 |color4 = darkturquoise
|label5 = [[Hindi]] |value5 = 5.11 |color5 = orange
|label6 = [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]] |value6 = 3.14 |color6 = indianred
|label7 = [[Mundari language|Mundari]] |value7 = 2.23 |color7 = teal
|label8 = [[Urdu]] |value8 = 1.20 |color8 = green
|label9 = [[Bhumij language|Bhumij]] |value9 = 1.20 |color9 = darkcyan
|label10 = Others |value10 = 2.12 |color10 = grey
}}

According to the ''Population by Mother Tongue 2011'' data, in the Seraikela subdistrict (including Seraikela statutory town), [[Bengali language|Bengali]] was the mother-tongue of 27,970 persons forming 29.83% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) [[Odia language|Odia]] (21,070/ 22.47), [[Ho language|Ho]] (20,906/ 22.30), [[Santali language|Santali]] (12,699/ 13.54%), [[Hindi]] (6,095 / 6.50%), [[Mundari language|Mundari]] (2,091/ 2.23%), [[Urdu]] (1,129/ 1.20%), [[Bhumij language|Bhumij]], (1,125/ 1.20%), and persons with other languages as mother-tongue (674/ 0.72%). ‘Other languages ‘ included 207 persons having [[Maithili language|Maithili]], 218 persons having [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as mother-tongue. Persons with Hindi as their mother-tongue included 475 persons having [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], 218 persons having [[Magahi language|Magadhi/Magahi]] as mother-tongue. <ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10207/download/13319/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

Note: An attempt has been made to include all language groups each with at least 500 persons as their mother-tongue and only those groups with less than 500 persons as their mother-tongue are included in the “other languages” category. Comparatively smaller language groups with 200+ persons as their mother-tongue are mentioned in the text. Many languages have sub-groups. Those who are interested can see the reference for more details.

[[Hindi]] is the [[official language]] in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=19 November 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Seraikela CD block (2011)<ref name="Religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|64.13}}
{{bar percent|[[Sarnaism|Sarna]]|maroon|30.96}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|3.82}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Jharkhand|Christianity]]|green|0.81}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.28}}
}}

According to the ''Population by Religious Communities 2011'' data, in the Seraikela subdistrict (including Seraikela statutory town), [[Hindus]] numbered 60,126 and formed 64.13% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) [[Muslims]] (3,581/ 3.82%), Other religious communities (29,111/ 31.05), [[Christians]] (762/ 0.81%), and persons who did not state their religion (179/ 0.19%).<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Jharkhand |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11377/download/14490/DDW20C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

In Seraikela Kharsawan district, [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 255,626 and formed 24.00% of the total population. The larger groups within the scheduled tribes, with percentage of the ST population, were [[Santal people|Santals]] 50.80%, [[Ho people|Ho]] 34.87%, [[Munda people|Mundas, Patars]] 17.60% and [[Kurukh people|Oraons, Bhangar Oraons]] 4.12%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Seraikella-Kharswan, Series 21, Part XII A, 2011 Census | work = Page 30: Note on Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 November 2021}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Overview===
In Seraikela Kharsawan district, 70-80% of the population were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 1 October 2021}}</ref> In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Seraikela Kharsawan district came down to 33.6%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html| title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Mint | accessdate = 1 October 2021}}</ref> According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line.”<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state. | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data| publisher = MPRA| accessdate = 1 October 2021}}</ref>

===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Seraikela CD block'''
|value1 = 26.74
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 33.02
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 2.76
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 37.48
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Seraikela CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 9,881 and formed 26.74%, agricultural labourers numbered 12,201 and formed 33.02%, household industry workers numbered 1,020 and formed 2.76% and other workers numbered 13,851 and formed 37.48%. Total workers numbered 36,953 and formed 39.41% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 56,806 and formed 60.59% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Tables 30 and 33, pages 50-51, 54 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 November 2021}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 168 inhabited villages in Seraikela CD block. In 2011, 149 villages had power supply. 56 villages had tap water, 165 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 153 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 7 villages had post offices, 6 villages had sub post offices, 5 villages had telephone (land line), 101 villages had mobile phone coverage. 167 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 2 villages had bus service (public/ private), 1 village had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 2 villages had taxi/ vans, 17 villages had tractors. 5 villages had bank branches, 4 villages had agricultural credit societies, 1 village had public library and reading room, 43 villages had availability of newspapers, 19 villages had [[public distribution system|ration shops]], 6 villages had weekly [[Haat bazaar|haat]], 55 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 558-561, Appendix I Village Directory |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 November 2021}}</ref>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Seraikela Kharsawan district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is ”designed to redress regional imbalances in development”. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 25 September 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 25 September 2021}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 28em
| name = Tatanagar-Bilaspur line
| color =
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| type =
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| map = {{Tatanagar-Bilaspur section|inline=1}}
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The [[Tatanagar-Bilaspur section]] of the [[Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line]] passes through [[Adityapur block|Adityapur]], Seraikela and [[Kharsawan block|Kharsawan]] CD blocks of Seraikela Kharsawan district. There are stations at Adityapur, Gamharia, Birbans, Sini, Mahali Marup and Rajkharsawan.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/all/3140/168/182 | title = 58113 Tatanagar-Bilaspur Passenger | work = Time Table | publisher = IndiaRailInfo | access-date = 27 November 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
Seraikela CD block had 33 villages with pre-primary schools, 134 villages with primary schools, 62 villages with middle schools, 12 villages with secondary schools, 4 villages with senior secondary schools, 28 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 558-559, Appendix I Village Directory |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 November 2021}}</ref>
 .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

==Culture==
Seraikela [[Chhau dance]] is one of the popular folk dance forms. It “has been approved by UNESCO in the year 2010 as intangible Heritage of India”. The royal family of Seraikela has contributed enormously to the development of the traditional dance form.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.trinetrachhaudancecentre.org/chhaudance | title = Seraikella Chhau dance: a globally relevant theatre idiom | work = Pt. Gopal Prasad Dubey | publisher = Trinetra, Chhau Dance Center | access-date = 19 November 2021}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Seraikela CD block had 2 villages with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], 6 villages with primary health subcentres, 3 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 2 villages with allopathic hospitals, 1 village with dispensary, 1 village with veterinary hospital, 30 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Blocks of Seraikela Kharsawan district}}
{{Kolhan Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Seraikela Kharsawan district]]

Malda Medical College and Hospital

2026-02-17T04:41:45Z

RosariaE70:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2017}}
{{Short description|Medical College and Hospital in India}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Malda Medical College and Hospital
| image = Malda Medical College and Hospital Logo.svg
| image_size = 200px
| established = {{start date and age|2011}}
| type = [[Public]] [[Medical College]] and [[Hospital]]
| principal = Dr. Partha Pratim Mukhopadhyay<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/contents/malda_medical_college|title=Welcome to WB HEALTH Portal|access-date=7 December 2017|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516024557/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/contents/malda_medical_college|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| students = '''Total:'''
* MBBS - 125
* MD - 8
* MS - 6
| address = Singatala, Uma Roy Sarani
| city = [[Malda Town]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = [[India]]
| postcode = 732101
| coordinates = {{coord|24.9925941|N|88.1407162|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=title,inline}}
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| website = {{url|http://www.maldamedicalcollege.co.in/}}
| affiliations = [[West Bengal University of Health Sciences|WBUHS]], [[National Medical Commission|NMC]]
}}

'''Malda Medical College and Hospital''' ('''MMC&H''') is a medical college run by the government of [[West Bengal]] in [[English Bazar|Malda]], West Bengal, [[India]]. It is recognised by the [[National Medical Commission]] and affiliated to [[West Bengal University of Health Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mciindia.org/InformationDesk/CollegesCoursesSearch.aspx |title=Colleges & Courses Search |work=mciindia.org |accessdate=15 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410090342/http://www.mciindia.org/InformationDesk/CollegesCoursesSearch.aspx |archivedate=10 April 2012 }} Look for "Malda Medical College & Hospital, Malda".</ref> The college was established in 2011.

== History ==
Considering the dearth of medical professionals in West Bengal with a doctor:population ratio of 1:2600, the government of West Bengal decided to start a new medical college of 100 MBBS student capacity, to cater specially to the population of rural [[Bengal]]. It was built in a strategic location of Malda District, which is the gateway to North Bengal; it could also cater to the adjacent districts.

After the inspection by MCI team in 2011, a letter of permission was received by the Authority of Malda Medical College & Hospital on 30 June 2011. Classes for the first year commenced on 1 August 2011.

West Bengal Medical Services Corporation Limited (wholly owned by the government of West Bengal) is the client of the project. The construction work was started in November 2010. At first the implementing agency was Punj Lloyd Limited. Mackintosh Burn Limited was then engaged by the government of West Bengal as Punj Lloyd Limited was not able to complete the work in time.

==Campus==
=== Location ===
The college is located in Uma Roy Sarani, Malda, near Hantakali More Malda .

{| class="wikitable"
!Camera location
|25° 00′ 40.19″ N, 88° 08′ 23.38″ E
|}

Malda, the district headquarters which lends its name to the district, during its early days grew up only near the side of the river Mahananda, and now the place is known as Phulbari. Some of the oldest houses can be found here. The city started to grow in 1925-1930. Now nearly a half million people live in this city, and it is one of the biggest cities of West Bengal. It is a part of the former Gour. The town is recognised as the English Bazaar municipality. Its notable railway station is named as [[Malda Town railway station|Malda Town]].

The [[latitude]] range is 24°40’20" N to 25°32’08" N, and the [[longitude]] range is 87°45’50" E to 88°28’10" E. The district covers an area of 3,733.66 square kilometres (1,441.6 sq mi). The total population (as of the 2001 Census) was recorded as 3,290,160.

Malda is called the gateway of North Bengal. It was once the capital of Gour-Banga with its 3,733 square kilometres (1,441 sq mi) of land classified into Tal, Diara, and Barind.

To the south is [[Murshidabad district]], to the north are [[North Dinajpur|North Dinajpur district]] and [[South Dinajpur|South Dinajpur district]]. To the east is the international border with [[Bangladesh]]. To the west is [[Santhal Parganas]] of [[Jharkhand]] and [[Purnea]] of [[Bihar]].

=== Infrastructure ===
* The total campus area is approx. 70000 sq.m.
* The Academic Building (G+7) of floor area approx. 24000sq.m has a central library, lecture theaters (including one air-conditioned lecture theater), demonstration rooms and practical laboratories along with the auditorium (with 660 seat capacity), examination hall, air-conditioned library, e-library and the morgue.
* New Trauma Care buildings have been constructed with modern facilities and emergency safety features.8 super speciality OTs. Currently Covid19 OPD, Quarantine ward and detection done here
* The old hospital building (G+2) is being renovated for providing better patient care services and new OPD building (G+9) also constructed to facilitate all OPD services. OPD timings are from 9am to 2pm.
* The Central Library in the new Academic Building (at 1st and 2nd floor) houses books along with foreign journals and has high-speed internet facility for e-library facility.
* Hospital blood bank and fair price medicine shop
* Separate hostels for boys and girls with option for availing cable broadband internet and also free jio wifi campus.
* Hostel for interns.
* Hostel for Resident Doctors
* Different type of Quarters for Teaching and Non Teaching Staffs, Nurses ...etc
* The canteen serves both vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods of various types.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maldamedicalcollege.com/index.php/2013-03-22-07-52-00/2013-03-22-07-55-45/mcs-infrastructure|accessdate=14 October 2013|title=MCs Infrastructure|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008135750/http://www.maldamedicalcollege.com/index.php/2013-03-22-07-52-00/2013-03-22-07-55-45/mcs-infrastructure|archivedate=8 October 2013}}</ref>

The campus area is owned by the Health Department of Government of West Bengal. It includes the following:
* New OPD Building (G+8)
* New academic building
* New hospital buildings
* Trauma centre
* Isolation wards
* Residential quarters - Type I Quarter (G+8) & Type II Quarter (G+8)
* Student hostel (G+4) with separate common room for boys and girls, and interns hostel (G+4)
* ART Center
* Blood bank

==Academics==
=== Academic programmes ===
''' Post graduate:'''

[[Doctor of Medicine|MD]]
Pediatrics (3 years)- 5 seats,
[[Master of Surgery |MS]]
Obstetrics and Gynaecology(3 years)- 6 seats,
[[Doctor of Medicine|MD]] Microbiology (3 years)- 3 seats
[[Doctor of Medicine|MD]] General Medicine - 4 seats,
[[Master of Surgery |MS]] General Surgery - 4 seats,
[[Doctor of Medicine|MD]] Biochemistry - 4 seats
[[Master of Surgery |MS]] Ophthalmology - 4 seats

'''Under graduate:'''
* [[MBBS]] (4.5 years course + 1 year compulsory rotatory internship)- 125 seats.

'''Diploma:'''
* [[Nursing]]
GNM nursing course
(3years course +6months internship)

'''Diploma'''
* Paramedical courses under [[State Medical Faculty of West Bengal]]
* Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology (Pathology, Microbiology & Biochemistry): DMLT (Tech): 2 years + 6 months compulsory post examination training
* Diploma in Radiography (Diagnostic): DRD (Tech): 2 years + 6 months compulsory post examination training
* Diploma in Physiotherapy: DPT: 2 years + 6 months compulsory post examination training.
* Diploma in Optometry with Ophthalmic Technique: D.OPT: 2 years + 6 months compulsory post examination training
* Diploma in Critical Care Technology: DCCT: 2 years + 6 months compulsory post examination training
* Diploma In Operation Theatre Technology: DOTT: 2 years + 6 months compulsory post examination training.
* Diploma In Electrocardiographic Technique: ECG Technician: 2 years + 6 months compulsory post examination training

=== Admission ===
Admission to the MBBS course is undertaken by WBMCC according to the rank list of the [[West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination|NEET]] for 85 % of state quota and 15% of all India quota . The admission of the 2013 batch and all batches from 2017 onwards is based on the [[National Eligibility and Entrance Test]] (NEET) rank list.

Admission to diploma courses is undertaken by SMFWB according to the rank list of the [[State Medical Faculty of West Bengal Entrance Examination]] (SMFWBEE).

== Departments ==
The medical college has the following departments:
* Pre-clinical
** Anatomy
** Physiology
** Biochemistry
* Para-clinical
** Pathology
** Microbiology
** Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
** Community Medicine
** Pharmacology
* Clinical
** General Medicine
** General Surgery
** Obstetrics & Gynaecology
** Paediatrics
** Ophthalmology
** Otorhinolaryngology
** Anaesthesiology
** Dermatology
** Radiology
** Psychiatry
** Orthopaedics & PMR
** ENT
** Neurosurgery

[[== College life ==|'''== College life ==''']]

Every year many occasions are celebrated by the students like

'''BEATS''' - Annual Cultural Festival

'''NEXUS''' - Annual Fresher's Program

'''Foundation day''' - 1st of August

'''Saraswati Puja'''

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[List of hospitals in India]]
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official|http://www.maldamedicalcollege.in}}

{{Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Health Sciences}}

[[Category:Medical colleges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Malda district]]
[[Category:Affiliates of West Bengal University of Health Sciences]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in West Bengal]]

Shankarpur railway station

2026-02-17T02:52:46Z

RosariaE70:

{{Short description|Railway station in Jharkhand, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]] {{font color|blue|SHANKARPUR}}
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| image = Shankarpur railway station.jpg
| address = Sankarpur, [[Deoghar District]], [[Jharkhand]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|24.44204|N|86.63772|E|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|235|m|}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| tracks = Broad gauge
| structure = At-grade
| platforms = 2
| parking = Yes
| status = {{color|green|Active}}
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = SNQ
| zone = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Asansol}}
}}
| classification = '''NSG-6'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Eastern Railway – Asansol Division |url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,6,443,528,537 |publisher=Eastern Railway, Government of India |access-date=8 September 2025}}</ref>
| opened =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 1996–97<ref name=elec>{{cite web|title=History of Electrification|url=http://www.irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|work=information published by CORE (Central Organisation for Railway Electrification)|publisher=CORE (Central Organisation for Railway Electrification)|access-date=1 April 2012}}</ref>
| former = [[East Indian Railway Company|East Indian Railway]]
| passengers =
| map_type = India Jharkhand
| map_dot_label = Shankarpur railway station
| map_size = 300
| map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| line = * [[Asansol–Patna section]] of [[Howrah–Delhi main line]]
| other = Auto stand
| accessible = {{access icon|20px}} Available
| route_map = {{Asansol–Patna section}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| map_state = collapsed
}}

'''Shankarpur railway station''' (station code: '''SNQ''') is a railway station on the [[Howrah–Delhi main line]] in [[Deoghar district]], [[Jharkhand]]. It comes under the [[Asansol railway division]] of the [[Eastern Railway zone]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Stations on Asansol Division |url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,6,443,528,537 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918055842/https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,6,443,528,537 |archive-date=2024-09-18 |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=er.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shankarpur Railway Station Map/Atlas ER/Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/shankarpur-snq/3540 |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2025-05-22 |title=Three redeveloped rly stns in state inaugurated by PM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/three-redeveloped-rly-stns-in-state-inaugurated-by-pm/articleshow/121344778.cms |access-date=2025-10-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The station serves Sankarpur and its surrounding areas such as Devipur, Tiljori, Rampur and several other nearby villages.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419200524/https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/ |archive-date=2025-04-19 |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=er.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-05-22 |title=PM Inaugurates Redeveloped Shankarpur Rly Station In Jharkhand |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/pm-modi-online-inaugurated-shankarpur-railway-station-from-bikaner-enn25052205237 |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> It is the closest railway station to [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar|AIIMS, Deoghar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=अमृत स्टेशन बन गया शंकरपुर हॉल्ट, यहां से AIIMS की दूरी सिर्फ 2 किलोमीटर; PM मोदी करेंगे उद्घाटन - Shankarpur Halt Amrit Station Upgrade Benefits AIIMS Deoghar |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/deoghar-shankarpur-halt-amrit-station-upgrade-benefits-aiims-deoghar-23941268.html |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-19 |title=देवघर एम्स के लिए नया रेल कनेक्शन: शंकरपुर स्टेशन का 15 करोड़ से हुआ आधुनिकीकरण, 22 मई को PM करेंगे उद्घाटन - Deoghar News |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/jharkhand/deoghar/news/new-rail-connection-for-deoghar-aiims-135057277.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524175625/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/jharkhand/deoghar/news/new-rail-connection-for-deoghar-aiims-135057277.html |archive-date=2025-05-24 |access-date=2025-10-06 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref> Only passenger and MEMU trains have scheduled halts here.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Trains at SANKARPUR (SNQ) Railway Station with Arrival and Departure details, Availability, Wailtlist Confirmation Chances and Fare Calculator : etrain.info |url=https://etrain.info/station/Sankarpur-SNQ/all |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=etrain.info |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=TTI |title=SNQ / Shankarpur Railway Station {{!}} Train Arrival / Departure Timings at Shankarpur |url=http://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/snq/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=www.totaltraininfo.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-23 |title=शंकरपुर स्टेशन पर बहुत कम ट्रेनों का होता है ठहराव |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/deogarh/story-shankarpur-railway-station-designated-as-amrit-bharat-station-a-new-hope-for-doab-region-201747956509891.html |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SANKARPUR SNQ Railway Station Trains Schedule |url=https://www.makemytrip.com/railways/sankarpur-snq-railway-station.html |access-date=7 Oct 2025 |website=www.makemytrip.com}}</ref>

==Facilities==
Shankarpur railway station consists of three platforms connected by a foot overbridge. Basic amenities available for passengers include a ticket counter, covered platform sheds, seating arrangements and drinking water facilities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shankarpur Railway Station Map/Atlas ER/Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/shankarpur-snq/3540 |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=Amlesh |date=2025-05-23 |title=शंकरपुर रेलवे स्टेशन के पुनर्विकास को यात्रियों ने सराहा |url=https://sanmarg.in/asansol/shankarpur-railway-station-k-punrvikas |access-date=2025-10-07 |website=Sanmarg Hindi daily |language=hi}}</ref>

As part of [[Amrit Bharat Station Scheme]], the station underwent major redevelopment and upgradation in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-05-22 |title=PM virtually inaugurates three redeveloped railway stations in Jharkhand |url=https://theprint.in/india/pm-virtually-inaugurates-three-redeveloped-railway-stations-in-jharkhand/2633808/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> The redevelopment work included a 437 square metre renovated platform shelter, 2000 square metres of renewed platform surfacing, installation of an electronic information display system, upgraded toilets and ramps to improve accessibility for disabled passengers.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-20 |title=15 करोड़ से शंकरपुर स्टेशन का हुआ कायाकल्प, 22 मई को पीएम नरेंद्र मोदी करेंगे उद्घाटन |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/deoghar-shankarpur-station-renovation-pm-modi-inaugurates-online-on-22-may-local18-ws-kl-9252857.html |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> A washing pit is also planned for upcoming future.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22 |title=शंकरपुर स्टेशन में बनेगा वाशिंग पिट, एक साथ 20 ट्रेनों की रुकने की होगी सुविधा : डॉ निशिकांत |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/deoghar/amrit-bharat-railway-station-inauguration-in-shankapur |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>

== Trains==
Only a limited number of passenger and local suburban trains halt here. These include: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Trains at SANKARPUR (SNQ) Railway Station : etrain.info |url=https://etrain.info/station/Sankarpur-SNQ/live |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=etrain.info |language=en}}</ref>

* Howrah–Mokama Express (13029/13030)
* Asansol–Jasidih MEMU (63561/63563)
* Andal–Jasidih MEMU (63545/63546)
* Barddhaman–Jhajha MEMU (63509/63510)
* Baidyanathdham–Asansol MEMU (63562)
* Jasidih–Asansol MEMU (63564)
* Patliputra Express (18621/18622)
* Ranchi Intercity Express (13319/13320)

== See also ==
* [[Asansol railway division]]
* [[Eastern Railway zone]]
* [[Howrah–Delhi main line]]
* [[Asansol–Patna section]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/shankarpur-snq/3540 Shankarpur station map]
* [http://deoghar.nic.in/ Official website of the Deoghar District]

{{Railway stations in Jharkhand}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Deoghar district]]
[[Category:Asansol railway division]]

Neha Sargam

2026-02-09T04:53:48Z

RosariaE70: expanded content

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Neha Sargam
| birth_name = Neha Dubey
| birth_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress}} and Singer
| known_for = ''[[Chand Chupa Badal Mein]]'' ''[[Ramayan (2012 TV series)|Ramayan]]'' ''[[Doli Armaano Ki]]'' ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]]''
| years_active = 2010-present
}}

'''Neha Dubey''', also known by her stage name '''Neha Sargam''', is an Indian actress and singer. Known for her participation on Indian Idol 4 and her shows like ''[[Chand Chupa Badal Mein]]'' on [[Star Plus]], ''[[Ramayan (2012 TV series)|Ramayan]]'' on [[Zee TV]], ''[[Doli Armano Ki]]'' on [[Zee TV]], ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]]'' and theatre musical ''[[Mughal-E-Azam (musical)|Mughal-E-Azam]]''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/neha-sargam-set-to-star-in-comedy-show-2907620/ |title=Neha Sargam set to star in comedy show |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=11 July 2016 |accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/news/ni56348707/|title=Neha Sargam to make Bollywood debut (TV Snippets)|website=IMDb|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sargam had auditioned in ''[[Indian Idol]]'' 2, but she forgot the lyrics in the second audition and was rejected. She had appeared in ''[[Indian Idol]]'' 4 in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-tv-interview-with-neha-sargam/20100706.htm |title=From Indian Idol to TV soap|website=Rediff.com |date=6 July 2010 |accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref> She appears in the cast for ''[[Chand Chupa Badal Mein]],'' as well as '' [[Ramayan (2012 TV series)|Ramayan]]'' as Sita.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/neha-sargam-always-wanted-to-do-an-epic-role/articleshow/16137611.cms|title=Neha Sargam always wanted to do an epic role - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=2 September 2012 }}</ref>

She played the part of Lakshmi in ''[[Paramavatar Shri Krishna]]''. Sargam has also worked in the serials, she did a cameo in ''[[Punar Vivaah - Zindagi Milegi Dobara]]'' and ''[[Doli Armaano Ki]]'', as main lead post leap as Diya<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Neha-Sargam-loses-7-kilos-for-a-show/articleshow/46784959.cms |title=Neha Sargam loses 7 kilos for a show |work=The Times of India |date=3 April 2015 |accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref> ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Ek Baar Phir]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Shrenu-Parikh-is-bonding-big-time-with-Neha-Sargam-on-the-sets-of-Iss-Pyaar-Ko-Kya-Naam-Doon/articleshow/33083987.cms |title=Shrenu Parikh is bonding big time with Neha Sargam on the sets |work=The Times of India |date=1 April 2014 |accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref> and ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Yeh-Hai-Aashiqui-Neha-Sargam-Chand-Chupa-Badal-Mein-Ramayan/articleshow/24823129.cms |title=Neha Sargam in Yeh Hai Aashiqui? |work=The Times of India |date=28 October 2013 |accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>

Sargam has been a part of two musical plays as actor and singer in the lead Mughal-E-Azam the musical directed by Feroz Abbas Khan, produced by Shapoorji Pallonji Group.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/check-out-rekha-tells-neha-i-am-your-biggest-fan-170704|title=Rekha tells Neha "I am your biggest fan"|date=4 July 2017|accessdate=10 June 2021}}</ref> and Raunaq and Jassi musical produced by BookMyShow and directed by Feroz Abbas Khan.

=== Web series ===
In 2020, Sargam played the role of Saloni Tyagi in [[Mirzapur (TV series)|Mirzapur]] season 2 & 3.<ref>{{Cite web |last=K.H |first=Team |date=10 July 2024 |title=नेहा सरगम: मिर्ज़ापुर की सलोनी भाभी ने करदिया सबको हैरान - खबर हरतरफ |url=https://khabarhartaraf.in/photos/neha-sargam-hot-photos/ |access-date=23 July 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Year !! Show !! Character !! Notes
|-
|2010–2011 || ''[[Chand Chupa Badal Mein]]''|| Nivedita Viren Sood ||
|-
|2010
|''[[Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai]]''
|Nivedita Viren Sood
|from [[Chand Chupa Badal Mein]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011 || ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''|| Nivedita Viren Sood || from [[Chand Chupa Badal Mein]]
|-
| ''Haar Jeet''|| ||
|-
|2012–2013 || ''[[Ramayan (2012 TV series)|Ramayan]]''|| [[Sita]]||
|-
|2013 || ''[[Savdhaan India]]''|| Madhu ||
|-
|2013 || ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''|| ||
|-
|2013 || ''[[Punar Vivaah - Zindagi Milegi Dobara]]''|| Neelam || Minister's daughter
|-
|2014 || ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Ek Baar Phir]]''|| Aditi ||
|-
|2015 || ''[[Doli Armaano Ki|Doli Armaanon Ki]]''|| Diya Tiwari ||
|-
|2016 || ''Naya MahiSagar''|| ||
|-
|2017–2020 || ''[[Paramavatar Shri Krishna]]''|| [[Lakshmi]]||
|-
|2022 || ''[[Yashomati Maiyaa Ke Nandlala]]''|| [[Yashoda]] ||
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Year !! Show !! Character !! Notes
|-
|2020 || ''[[Mirzapur (TV series)]]'' || Saloni Tyagi || (Season 2 -3)
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|5465817}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sargam, Neha}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Patna]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]

{{India-tv-actor-stub}}

Quaiser Khalid

2026-01-22T11:30:06Z

RosariaE70: Made new bio nd citations

{{Short description|Indian police officer and poet}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Citation style|date=April 2022}}
{{update|date=October 2023}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = IPS
| name = Quaiser Khalid
| image = QuaiserKhalidIPS.jpeg
| caption = Quaiser Khalid
| native_name = قیصر خالد
| birth_place = District [[Araria district|Araria]], Bihar, India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1971|07|19}}
| occupation = [[Indian Police Service]], poet, teacher
| organization = *The Pasbaan-e-Adab (NGO)
| notable_works = *Shaoor-e-Asr (2014)
*Dasht-e-Jaa.n (2016)
*Deewane-Shaad Azeemabadi (2004)
| awards = *Maharashtra State Urdu Sahitya Academy Award
| homepage = [http://quaiserkhalid.org/ www.quaiserkhalid.org]
}}

'''Quaiser Khalid''' ([[Hindi]]: क़ैसर खालीद; [[Urdu]]: قیصر خالد | born 19 July 1971) is an officer of the [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS),<ref>{{cite web|url = http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-police-on-a-new-mission-to-present-real-life-achievers-stories-to-muslim-youngsters-3051834 | title=Mumbai police on a new mission To present real life achievers stories to Muslim youngsters | work=The Indian Express |access-date = 27 September 2016| date=27 September 2016 }}</ref> currently working as [[Inspector General of Police (India)|Inspector General of Police]], Motor Transport, Maharashtra State, Pune.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.powercorridors.in/-officer-appointments-transfers-/ips-officer-quaiser-appointed-commissioner-of-mumbai-railways|title=IPS officer Quaiser appointed Commissioner of Mumbai Railways|access-date=18 June 2021|archive-date=28 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128080619/https://www.powercorridors.in/-officer-appointments-transfers-/ips-officer-quaiser-appointed-commissioner-of-mumbai-railways|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=http://mumbairlypolice.gov.in/organizational-structure|title=Organizational Structure|website=mumbairlypolice.gov.in|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>

Khalid is also a poet who writes in both [[Urdu]] and [[Hindi]]. He has written two anthologies of Urdu poetry, consisting of [[ghazal]]s and [[nazm]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rekhta.org/poets/quaiser-khalid/profile | title= Quaiser Khalid Bio on Rekhta |work=Rekhta|access-date=13 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/naseeruddin-shah-releases-quaiser-khalids-poetry-the-consciousness-of-times/naseeruddin-shah-releases-quaiser-khalids-poetry-the-consciousness-of-times-2/ | title= Naseeruddin Shah releases Quaiser Khalid's poetry 'The Consciousness of Times' |work=BollywoodHungama}}</ref> and is the recipient of the Maharashtra State Urdu [[Sahitya Academy Award]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-times-of-india-mumbai-edition/20160809/281964607107024 |title= Sr. Cop among Premchand award winners|access-date=9 August 2016|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=An IPS Officer-cum-'Shayar' |url=https://indianmasterminds.com/features/be-inspired/an-ips-officer-cum-shayar/ |access-date=2024-01-23 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto2" />

==Career==

Khalid started his career as a trainee Assistant Superintendent of Police in Solapur rural police district of [[Maharashtra]]. He has served in Jalgaon, Gadchiroli, Sindhudurg, Wardha districts as Assistant/ Additional/ [[Superintendent (police)|Superintendent of Police]]. He has also worked as Commanding Officer of State Reserve Police Force Group eleven [[Navi Mumbai]] and Group Four at Nagpur. He was instrumental in the creation of the India Reserve Battalion ( SRPF Group 15, Aurangabad). He has served as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]], Railways Central Zone, Deputy [[Commissioner of Police (India)|Commissioner of Police]] Port Zone, Additional Commissioner of police east region, Mumbai, Additional Commissioner of Police, Traffic, Mumbai, Additional Commissioner of Police Local Armed, Mumbai, officiating Managing Director, Maharashtra State Security Corporation and [[Inspector General of Police (India)|Inspector General of Police]], Crime against weaker sections, women and children. He was serving as Commissioner of Police Railways Mumbai.<ref name="auto4"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mahapolice.gov.in/|title=Home | Maharashtra State Police|website=www.mahapolice.gov.in|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref> The Maharashtra government suspended IPS officer Quaiser Khalid on June 26, 2024.<ref>{{cite news |date=2024-06-28 |title=IPS Officer Quaiser Khalid Suspended For Deadly Hoarding Collapse in Mumbai's Ghatkopar |url=https://www.news18.com/education-career/ips-officer-quaiser-khalid-suspended-for-deadly-hoarding-collapse-in-mumbais-ghatkopar-8945594.html |publisher=News18}}</ref>

==Poetry==

In 2005 Khalid edited and published the poetry collection of Urdu poet Syed Ali Mohammad Shaad Azimabadi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rekhta.org/poets/shad-azimabadi/ebooks |title= E-book on the kalams of Shaad Azimabadi edited by Quaiser Khalid |year= 2005}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/deewan-e-shad-azimabadi-shad-azimabadi-ebooks|title=Deewan-e-Shad Azimabadi by Shad Azimabadi|website=Rekhta|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref> His first anthology, titled ‘Shawoore Asr’ (The consciousness of times) was published in 2014 and led to Khalid being awarded the [[Maharashtra]] state Urdu Sahitya Academy Award in 2015.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=http://www.theprotector.in/an-accomplished-cop-a-passionate-poet |title= An Accomplished Cop & A Passionate Poet|access-date=30 June 2016|work=The Protector}}</ref> This book was commented upon internationally<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.columnkaar.com/qaisar-khalid-barasta-bombay-by-ata-ul-haq-qasmi/|title = Qaisar khalid barasta bombay by Ata ul Haq Qasmi | Ata-ul-Haq Qasmi Urdu Columns|date = 7 May 2016|access-date = 31 January 2020|archive-date = 31 January 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200131075205/https://www.columnkaar.com/qaisar-khalid-barasta-bombay-by-ata-ul-haq-qasmi/|url-status = dead}}</ref>

His second book Dashte Jaa'n (The Wilderness of Soul) was also published in 2014. {{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

==Pasbaan-e-Adab==

Quaiser Khalid is the founder-president of the non-profit and literary NGOs Pasbaan-e-adab,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pasbaaneadab.com/|title=Pasbaan-E-Adab – Harmony Through Culture|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref> Mumbai and Jashn-e-Adab,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jashneadab.org/|title=Jashn-e-Adab|website=jashneadab.org|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref> New Delhi which organizes literary and cultural events in Indian languages especially [[Urdu]] [[Hindi]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] in various parts of the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/poetry-fest-started-by-mumbai-ips-officer-turns-five/17202169/|title=Poetry fest started by Mumbai IPS officer turns five|access-date=6 May 2016|work=MidDay|archive-date=27 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027183600/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/poetry-fest-started-by-mumbai-ips-officer-turns-five/17202169/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/mid-day/20170518/282153586213466 |title= Poetry for Peace | access-date=18 May 2017|work=Mid Day}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://frappe.io/blog/erpnext-implementation/erpnext-implementation-at-pasbaan-e-adab|title=ERP Implementation at Pasbaan-e-adab|access-date=25 March 2017|work=ERPNext|archive-date=14 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914134754/https://frappe.io/blog/erpnext-implementation/erpnext-implementation-at-pasbaan-e-adab|url-status=dead}}</ref>
These organizations organized the following events:
* Anubhuti – The Hindi Literature Festival.
* Izhaar – The International Poetry Festival in Urdu.
* Kaavyanjali – The Marathi Poetry Festival
* Meeraas – The Heritage, An event of soulful Hindustani Poetry and Music
* Sahitya Utsav – The Festival of Indian Art and Literature and Culture in New Delhi and other North-Indian cities.

==Books==
* ''Shaoor-e-Asr (2014)'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebook-detail/shaoor-e-asr-quaiser-khalid-ebooks|title = Shaoor-e-asr}}</ref>
* ''Dasht-e-Jaa.n (2016)''
* ''Deewane-Shaad Azeemabadi (2004)(editor)'' <ref name="auto3"/>

==Award==
In recognition of her contributions to Urdu literature Quaiser Khalid has received awards including:
*'''2015''' - Maharashtra State Urdu [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Academy Award]]<ref name="auto2" />

==Social initiatives==
Khalid is working for improving the capability of students from under-privileged sections of the society.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindbhumitimes.in/2018/12/24/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%ac-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%b6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%9a%e0%a5%8d/|title=सब से ज्यादा अशिक्षित बच्चे हमारे मुस्लिम समाज में – कैसर खालिद|date=24 December 2018|website=Hind Bhumi Times|access-date=29 February 2020}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He is actively associated with anti-drug campaigns.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/an-officer-and-a-gentleman/articleshow/82488712.cms|title= AN OFFICER AND A GENTLEMAN|website= Mumbai Mirror|language=en |access-date=2021-05-09}}</ref>

Quaiser Khalid, with his entire [[Government Railway Police (Mumbai)|Mumbai Railway Police]] team, started an initiative 'Plasma Connect' to connect the Plasma Donors with the needy when Plasma Therapy was considered to help the patients.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/mumbai-grp-launches-plasma-connect-to-help-identify-donors-to-fight-covid-19|title = Mumbai: GRP launches Plasma Connect to help identify donors to fight COVID-19}}</ref>

During the Covid-19 pandemic, Quaiser Khalid in association with his NGO Pasbaan-e-adab started providing free oxygen cylinders, community fridges, food, and other variants of assistance to the needy when needed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianmasterminds.com/features/corona-warriors/community-fridges-and-more-for-people-in-maharashtra/|title=Community Fridges and More for People in Maharashtra|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khalid, Quaiser}}
[[Category:Urdu-language poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]

Billi Billi

2026-01-19T18:09:32Z

RosariaE70: Put up basic stub basic info

{{Short description|2023 song by Sukhbir}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Billi Billi
| type = single
| cover = Billi Billi song cover.jpg
| caption = Official song cover featuring [[Salman Khan]] and [[Pooja Hegde]]
| artist = [[Sukhbir (musician)|Sukhbir]]
| album = [[Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan (soundtrack)|Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan]]
| language = Hindi Punjabi
| released = 2 March 2023
| recorded = 2022
| studio =
| genre = {{hlist|[[Electronic dance music|EDM]]|[[Dance music|dance]]|[[Pop music|pop]]|[[Filmi]]}}
| length = 3:21
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| singer =
| writer =
| composer = [[Sukhbir (musician)|Sukhbir]]
| lyricist = [[Kumaar]]
| producer = DJ Dips Supernova Muzic
| tracks = # "[[Yentamma]]"
# "'''Billi Billi'''"
# "[[Naiyo Lagda]]"
# "Jee Rahe The Hum (Falling in Love)"
# Lets Dance Chotu Motu"
# "Tere Bina"
# "Bathukamma"
| misc = {{External music video|type=single|{{YouTube|id=5bAxTGjcLs4|title="Billi Billi"}}
}}
}}

"'''Billi Billi'''" ({{translation|Cat Cat}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language song, composed by [[Sukhbir (musician)|Sukhbir]], who also sung the track. Lyrics were written by [[Kumaar]] with Punjabi lyrics penned lyrics by Vicky Sandhu for the [[Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan (soundtrack)|soundtrack album]] of the 2023 Indian film ''[[Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan]]''. The audio of the track was released on 27 February 2023. The full video song was released on 2 March 2023, as the second single from the album, through [[Zee Music Company]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-salman-khan-shehnaaz-gill-8475302/|title=Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan song Billi Billi: Salman Khan gets better dance steps; Shehnaaz Gill is unmissable|date=2 March 2023|website=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315025759/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-salman-khan-shehnaaz-gill-8475302/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Upon release, the song received positive reviews by audience and critics. The track "Billi Billi" created the record for reaching 40 million views, within 24 hours of its release. The track also topped the national charts, in all music and video platforms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/upbeat-dance-number-salman-khan-launches-billi-billi-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan|title=Upbeat dance number: Salman Khan launches 'Billi Billi' from 'Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan'|first=Telangana|last=Today|date=2 March 2023|website=[[Telangana Today]]}}</ref>

== Composition and lyrics ==
"Billi Billi" served as the second single to be released from the soundtrack album of ''[[Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/salman-khan-introduces-fun-hook-step-with-billi-billi-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-full-song-out-tomorrow-7191325.html|title=Salman Khan Introduces Fun Hook Step with Billi Billi from Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan, Full Song Out Tomorrow|date=1 March 2023|website=News18|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=9 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309000258/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/salman-khan-introduces-fun-hook-step-with-billi-billi-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-full-song-out-tomorrow-7191325.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The track was composed and recorded by Punjabi musician [[Sukhbir (musician)|Sukhbir]] in his first collaboration with [[Salman Khan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/salman-khans-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-aankh-goriye-teaser-is-out-today-actor-shares-post/articleshow/98335362.cms|title=Salman Khan's 'Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan' song 'Billi Billi Aankh Goriye' teaser out today, actor shares post|date=1 March 2023|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728062313/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/salman-khans-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-aankh-goriye-teaser-is-out-today-actor-shares-post/articleshow/98335362.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The song was written by [[Kumaar]] in Hindi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/feature/salman-khan-pooja-hegde-tease-fans-with-glimpse-of-peppy-dance-number-billi-billi/1408685/|title=Salman Khan, Pooja Hegde tease fans with glimpse of peppy dance number 'Billi Billi'|date=1 March 2023|website=ThePrint|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728122344/https://theprint.in/feature/salman-khan-pooja-hegde-tease-fans-with-glimpse-of-peppy-dance-number-billi-billi/1408685/|url-status=live}}</ref> with additional Punjabi lyrics penned by Vicky Sandhu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/photos/entertainment-capturing-romantic-moments-from-salman-khan-pooja-hedge-billi-billi-aankh-goriye-song-shehnaaz-gill-photos-2023-03-02-851533|title=Capturing romantic moments from Salman Khan-Pooja Hedge's 'Billi Billi Aankh Goriye' song|first1=Ridhi|last1=Suri|date=2 March 2023|website=[[India TV News]] |access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=7 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307220335/https://www.indiatvnews.com/photos/entertainment-capturing-romantic-moments-from-salman-khan-pooja-hedge-billi-billi-aankh-goriye-song-shehnaaz-gill-photos-2023-03-02-851533|url-status=live}}</ref> The track was produced by DJ Dips and Supernova Muzic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-out-salman-khan-is-back-with-his-trademark-dance-1585636|title=Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan Song 'Billi Billi' Out: Salman Khan Is Back With His Trademark Dance|date=2 March 2023|website=[[ABP News]]|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=6 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306223737/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-out-salman-khan-is-back-with-his-trademark-dance-1585636|url-status=live}}</ref> The track has been mixed and mastered by Mauro Caccialanza.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-venkatesh-its-a-party-bonus-shehnaaz-gill-3827474|title=Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan Song Billi Billi: Salman Khan, Pooja Hegde, Venkatesh - It's A Party. Bonus - Shehnaaz Gill|website=[[NDTV]]|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=6 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406044937/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-venkatesh-its-a-party-bonus-shehnaaz-gill-3827474|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sukhbir revealed that [[Salman Khan]] met him at [[Abu Dhabi]] and asked for a wedding/celebration song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/quick-reads/singer-sukhbir-on-billi-billi-akh-salman-khan-requested-for-a-wedding-song|title=Singer Sukhbir on Billi Billi Akh: Salman Khan requested for a Wedding song|first=Team|last=FC|date=2 March 2023|website=www.filmcompanion.in|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=17 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317094240/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/quick-reads/singer-sukhbir-on-billi-billi-akh-salman-khan-requested-for-a-wedding-song|url-status=live}}</ref> He sent couple of tunes to Khan and Khan liked the "Billi Billi" which was completely written in Punjabi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/billi-billi-song-singer-sukhbir-revealed-many-secrets-about-making-of-this-song-and-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-salman-khan-3831001|title=किसी का भाई किसी की जान फिल्म के 'बिल्ली बिल्ली' सॉन्ग के सिंगर ने खोले कई राज, बोले- मुझे उम्मीद नहीं थी कि सलमान खान|website=[[NDTV]]|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728122346/https://ndtv.in/bollywood/billi-billi-song-singer-sukhbir-revealed-many-secrets-about-making-of-this-song-and-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-salman-khan-3831001|url-status=live}}</ref> Khan insisted him to use some Hindi lyrics and compose.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/sukhbir-reveals-how-salman-khan-came-up-with-billi-billi-akh-484784|title=Sukhbir reveals how Salman Khan came up with 'Billi Billi Akh' : The Tribune India|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=5 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305082606/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/sukhbir-reveals-how-salman-khan-came-up-with-billi-billi-akh-484784|url-status=live}}</ref> Then Sukhbir met lyricist Kumaar to write Hindi lyrics of the song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/salman-khan-sukhbir-collaborate-for-the-first-time-for-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaans-billi-billi-akh-song/98360299|title=Salman Khan, Sukhbir collaborate for the first time for 'Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan's' Billi Billi Akh' song|website=mirchi.in|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728122347/https://mirchi.in/stories/music/salman-khan-sukhbir-collaborate-for-the-first-time-for-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaans-billi-billi-akh-song/98360299|url-status=live}}</ref> "At other production houses, the head is in touch and tells you the requirement but in this case Salman bhai was calling me directly. After he like the song we discussed it for 27 minutes over call. I hadn't expected him to be so hands on", he added.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/watch-exclusive-video-sukhbir-salman-khan-discussed-billi-billi-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-for-27-minutes-over-a-call-23279915|title=Watch exclusive video! Sukhbir: Salman Khan discussed 'Billi Billi' from 'Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan' for 27 minutes over a call|date=8 April 2023|website=[[Mid-day]]|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415170857/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/watch-exclusive-video-sukhbir-salman-khan-discussed-billi-billi-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-for-27-minutes-over-a-call-23279915|url-status=live}}</ref>

In an interview Sukhbir said "Salman Khan would call me to discuss lyrics and the musical bits, ask me to edit certain parts so that they make sense to the visuals of the song, and the best part was shooting of the video which was done in Mumbai. He made sure everyone was looked after and I particularly enjoyed meal times with him as it gave us an opportunity to have one on one sessions to discuss the movie amidst many jokes."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-singer-sukhbir-talks-about-collaborating-with-salman-khan-on-billi-billi-for-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-3027335|title=Singer Sukhbir talks about collaborating with Salman Khan on Billi Billi for KKBKKJ, says 'I did not expect Salman...'|website=DNA India|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=6 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306212846/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-singer-sukhbir-talks-about-collaborating-with-salman-khan-on-billi-billi-for-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-3027335|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Music video ==
The music video song, featuring visuals directly from the film, was released on 2 March 2023 on YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/billi-billi-full-song-out-salman-khan-woos-pooja-hegde-in-fun-number-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-2341588-2023-03-02|title=Billi Billi full song out! Salman Khan woos Pooja Hegde in fun number from Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan|date=2 March 2023|website=India Today|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=6 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306224928/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/billi-billi-full-song-out-salman-khan-woos-pooja-hegde-in-fun-number-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-2341588-2023-03-02|url-status=live}}</ref> The music video features [[Salman Khan]] and [[Pooja Hegde]] primarily,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/salman-khan-and-pooja-hegdes-party-number-billi-billi-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-is-out-785749|title=Salman Khan And Pooja Hegde's Party Number 'Billi Billi' From Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan Is Out…|first=Ravali|last=Hymavati|date=2 March 2023|website=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728062300/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/salman-khan-and-pooja-hegdes-party-number-billi-billi-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-is-out-785749|url-status=live}}</ref> with [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], [[Bhumika Chawla]], [[Raghav Juyal]], [[Jassie Gill]], [[Siddharth Nigam]], [[Shehnaaz Gill]], Palak Tiwari and Vinali Bhatnagar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/salman-khans-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-second-song-billi-billi-creates-hype-among-shehnaaz-gill-and-palak-tiwari-12219782.html|title=Salman Khan's 'Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan' second song 'Billi Billi' creates hype among Shehnaaz Gill and Palak Tiwari|date=28 February 2023|website=Firstpost|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728062258/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/salman-khans-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-second-song-billi-billi-creates-hype-among-shehnaaz-gill-and-palak-tiwari-12219782.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/billi-billi-song-out-shehnaaz-gill-palak-tiwari-make-tiny-appearances-as-salman-khan-woos-pooja-hegde-watch-101677741144786.html |title=Billi Billi song out: Shehnaaz Gill, Palak Tiwari make tiny appearances as Salman Khan woos Pooja Hegde. Watch |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=27 July 2024 |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426183041/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/billi-billi-song-out-shehnaaz-gill-palak-tiwari-make-tiny-appearances-as-salman-khan-woos-pooja-hegde-watch-101677741144786.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The music video was choreographed by [[Jani Master]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/billi-billi-akh-goriye-teaser-out-salman-khan-pooja-hegdes-song-is-the-new-wedding-banger-watch-bollywood-news-article-98326336|title=Billi Billi teaser out! Salman Khan, Pooja Hegde's song is the new wedding banger. Watch|date=1 March 2023|website=Times Now|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=19 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319131928/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/billi-billi-akh-goriye-teaser-out-salman-khan-pooja-hegdes-song-is-the-new-wedding-banger-watch-bollywood-news-article-98326336|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/celebrity/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-choregrapher-jani-master-shares-bts-pic-with-salman-khan-working-with-you-is-always-a-blessing-article-94734831|title=Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan choregrapher Jani Master shares BTS pic with Salman Khan: 'Working with you is always a blessing'|website=Zoom TV|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404044658/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/celebrity/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-choregrapher-jani-master-shares-bts-pic-with-salman-khan-working-with-you-is-always-a-blessing-article-94734831|url-status=live}}</ref>

A [[carnival]]-like set was erected at [[Madh Island]] in Mumbai for the shoot by production designer Rajat Poddarr in 8 days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/salman-khan-chasing-the-big-picture-for-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-23258319|title=Salman Khan chases the big picture for 'Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan'|date=1 December 2022|website=Mid-day|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205095245/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/salman-khan-chasing-the-big-picture-for-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-23258319|url-status=live}}</ref> The song shooting was begun on 27 November 2022,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/salman-khan-reshoots-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-amps-grandeur-800-dancers-five-couples-wrapping-film/|title=Salman Khan reshoots Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan song; amps up grandeur with 800 dancers and five couples before wrapping up the film : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=1 December 2022|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404051622/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/salman-khan-reshoots-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-amps-grandeur-800-dancers-five-couples-wrapping-film/|url-status=live}}</ref> and was wrapped on 3 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/salman-khan-finishes-shooting-for-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-teases-his-look-on-instagram-6530629.html|title=Salman Khan Finishes Shooting For Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan, Teases His Look on Instagram|date=3 December 2022|website=News18|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=3 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203224540/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/salman-khan-finishes-shooting-for-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-teases-his-look-on-instagram-6530629.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

"Salman Khan feels no tension about the steps. He learns the steps on sets and performs them. Sometimes, if there's something in particular that we need to tell him then we go to his house at Galaxy Apartments and brief him about it. I think there were 300 to 500 dancers in the song. Our DOP [[V. Manikandan]] has shot the song beautifully as well" – Jani on choreographing the music video of the song.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/salman-khan-taught-me-how-to-respect-women-says-jaani-choreographer-of-billi-billi-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-exclusive/articleshow/98480341.cms|title=Salman Khan taught me how to respect women, says Jaani choreographer of Billi Billi from Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan - Exclusive|newspaper=The Times of India |date=7 March 2023|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=14 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314143315/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/salman-khan-taught-me-how-to-respect-women-says-jaani-choreographer-of-billi-billi-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-exclusive/articleshow/98480341.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Makers released behind the scenes of the song shooting on 13 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/this-bts-clip-of-shehnaaz-gill-jassie-gill-and-raghav-juyal-while-shooting-the-billi-billi-song-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-is-all-things-fun/articleshow/99457356.cms|title=THIS BTS clip of Shehnaaz Gill, Jassie Gill, and Raghav Juyal while shooting the 'Billi Billi' song from 'Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan' is all things fun|newspaper=The Times of India |date=13 April 2023|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=18 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518135857/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/this-bts-clip-of-shehnaaz-gill-jassie-gill-and-raghav-juyal-while-shooting-the-billi-billi-song-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-is-all-things-fun/articleshow/99457356.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Marketing and release ==
On 25 February 2023, it was reported that the makers sent cat masks to several journalists and informed them through a letter that a similar mask has been used in the song as well. The media persons have been encouraged to don the mask and create interesting and creative reels. They have been requested to participate in this unique activity which would commence on 27 February.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-second-song-salman-khan-starrer-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-titled-billi-billi-march-2/|title=BREAKING: The second song of Salman Khan-starrer Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan titled 'Billi Billi' to be out on March 2 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=25 February 2023|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=25 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225110404/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-second-song-salman-khan-starrer-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-titled-billi-billi-march-2/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-salman-khan-features-cats-in-announcement-video-for-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-fans-react-3026672|title=Salman Khan features cats in announcement video for Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan song Billi Billi, fans say 'yeh naya hai'|website=DNA India|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228071949/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-salman-khan-features-cats-in-announcement-video-for-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-fans-react-3026672|url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 February 2023, Khan shared the audio of the song through his social media accounts,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/salman-khan-teases-fans-with-new-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-shares-cute-cat-video-fans-react-watch-101677488446653.html |title=Billi Billi teaser: Salman Khan shows his bhangra moves alongside Pooja Hegde in this Sukhbir number. Watch |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=27 July 2024 |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423150851/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/salman-khan-teases-fans-with-new-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-shares-cute-cat-video-fans-react-watch-101677488446653.html |url-status=live }}</ref> featuring cats.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-salman-khan-announces-billi-billi-featuring-not-the-actor-but-cats-1584891|title=Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan: Salman Khan Announces 'Billi Billi' Featuring Not The Actor But Cats|first=ABP News|last=Bureau|date=27 February 2023|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/watch-salman-khans-unique-way-to-announce-billi-billi-song-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-23272579|title=Watch: Salman Khan's unique way to announce 'Billi Billi' song from 'Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan'|date=27 February 2023|website=Mid-day|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728115923/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/watch-salman-khans-unique-way-to-announce-billi-billi-song-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-23272579|url-status=live}}</ref> Later, the casts of the film shared their photos wearing cat mask.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-shehnaaz-gill-jassie-gill-palak-tiwari-other-cast-members-wear-cat-mask-ahead-of-billi-billi-song-release-1585177|title=Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan Cast Members Wear Cat Mask Ahead Of Billi Billi Song Release|first=ABP News|last=Bureau|date=28 February 2023|website=news.abplive.com|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=1 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401162012/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-shehnaaz-gill-jassie-gill-palak-tiwari-other-cast-members-wear-cat-mask-ahead-of-billi-billi-song-release-1585177|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-shehnaaz-gill-looks-adorable-as-she-puts-on-cat-mask-to-promote-billi-billi-7184455.html|title=Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan: Shehnaaz Gill Looks Adorable As She Puts On Cat Mask to Promote Billi Billi|date=28 February 2023|website=News18|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308010736/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-shehnaaz-gill-looks-adorable-as-she-puts-on-cat-mask-to-promote-billi-billi-7184455.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 1 March, Khan posted a still from the song announcing the teaser of the song would release the same day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/salman-khan-shares-new-monochrome-photos-announces-teaser-release-of-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaans-billi-billi-song-2578297.html|title=Salman Khan Shares New Monochrome Photos, Announces Teaser Release of Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaans Billi Billi Song|website=Zee News|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308064431/https://zeenews.india.com/people/salman-khan-shares-new-monochrome-photos-announces-teaser-release-of-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaans-billi-billi-song-2578297.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The teaser of the song was released by the makers on 1 March 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/billi-billi-teaser-salman-khan-shows-his-bhangra-moves-alongside-pooja-hegde-watch-101677650763554.html |title=Salman Khan teases fans with new Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan song Billi Billi, shares cute cat video; fans react. Watch |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=27 July 2024 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425180042/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/billi-billi-teaser-salman-khan-shows-his-bhangra-moves-alongside-pooja-hegde-watch-101677650763554.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/billi-billi-teaser-out-salman-khans-unmissable-swag-is-a-catch-in-new-song-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-2341115-2023-03-01|title=Billi Billi teaser out! Salman Khan's unmissable swag is a catch in new song from Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan|date=1 March 2023|website=India Today|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=8 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508150200/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/billi-billi-teaser-out-salman-khans-unmissable-swag-is-a-catch-in-new-song-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-2341115-2023-03-01|url-status=live}}</ref> The music video of the song was released on 2 March 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/salman-khans-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-second-song-billi-billi-released-57231.html|title=Salman Khan's Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan second song Billi Billi released | Filmfare.com|website=www.filmfare.com|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329152641/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/salman-khans-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-second-song-billi-billi-released-57231.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/feature/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-peppy-dance-number-billi-billi-out/1411847/|title='Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan' : Salman Khan, Pooja Hegde peppy dance number 'Billi Billi' out|date=2 March 2023|website=ThePrint|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728115958/https://theprint.in/feature/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-peppy-dance-number-billi-billi-out/1411847/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Taru B Masand of ''[[Times Now]]'' wrote "The track is an energetic wedding number and it will definitely make you tap your feet to the beats of the song. The lyrics are in praise of his beloved, where her eyes are being compared to that of a cat's. However, it's the hilarious dance steps that take away all the limelight."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-out-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-flaunt-their-hilarious-bhangra-moves-article-98356341|title=Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan song Billi Billi out: Salman Khan, Pooja Hegde flaunt their hilarious bhangra moves|date=2 March 2023|website=Times Now|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308083852/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-out-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-flaunt-their-hilarious-bhangra-moves-article-98356341|url-status=live}}</ref>

Satish Sundaresan of ''[[OTT Play]]'' wrote "The mood of the ‘Billi Billi’ track is definitely uptempo and vibrant with music and lyrics complementing each other to a ‘t’. The camera work is definitely one of the USPs of the catchy track. As the track proceeds towards the end, it is nothing less than a visual treat to see all the main star cast of the film along with the background dancers in colour coordinated costumes."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/salman-khan-launches-the-groovy-song-billi-billi-from-his-film-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan/bfcdd3ae96631|title=Salman Khan launches the groovy song 'Billi Billi' from his film 'Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan'|website=OTTPlay|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331153746/https://www.ottplay.com/news/salman-khan-launches-the-groovy-song-billi-billi-from-his-film-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan/bfcdd3ae96631|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic of ''[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]]'' wrote the song is the "perfect blend of modern flair and Punjabi beats".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/entertainment/movie/billi-billi-akh-song-out-salman-khan-hopes-this-song-makes-his-fans-smile-and-dance/na20230302130517211211633|title=Billi Billi Akh song out: Salman Khan hopes this song makes his fans smile and dance|first=E. T. V.|last=Bharat|date=2 March 2023|website=ETV Bharat News|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728115924/https://www.etvbharat.com/english/entertainment/movie/billi-billi-akh-song-out-salman-khan-hopes-this-song-makes-his-fans-smile-and-dance/na20230302130517211211633|url-status=live}}</ref>

A critic of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote "Praising a lover in a Hindi film song has been done for decades, but this one has to be perhaps the most unoriginal way in which such a potentially fun, peppy number could have been written. Kumaar, who has penned the song, seems woefully uninspired this time around."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaans-song-billi-billi-teaser-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-dated-video-watch-8472909/|title=Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan's song Billi Billi teaser: Salman Khan, Pooja Hegde try to make the best of this dated track, watch|date=1 March 2023|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315025438/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaans-song-billi-billi-teaser-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-dated-video-watch-8472909/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Praising the chemistry of Khan and Hegde in the song, ''[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]'' wrote "'Billi Billi' is set to establish Salman Khan as the ultimate master of dance steps, with its catchy music, energetic choreography, and Salman's electrifying performance. This song is a chartbuster as Salman Khan sets the dance floor on fire, once again!"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-salman-khan-pooja-hegdes-chemistry-is-mind-blowing-in-this-dance-number-2997676/|title=Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan Song Billi Billi: Salman Khan-Pooja Hegde's chemistry is mind-blowing in this dance number; Watch|date=2 March 2023|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728115925/https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-salman-khan-pooja-hegdes-chemistry-is-mind-blowing-in-this-dance-number-2997676/|url-status=live}}</ref>

A critic of ''[[News18]]'' wrote "With this song, Salman once again proves that he is not just an actor but also a master of dance steps that no one else can carry out and with unmatched flamboyance, and someone who knows how to get his fans moving and grooving to his tunes."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/salman-khan-performs-bhangra-looks-dapper-in-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-watch-7200685.html|title=Salman Khan Performs Bhangra, Looks Dapper In Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan Song Billi Billi; Watch|date=2 March 2023|website=News18|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728062952/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/salman-khan-performs-bhangra-looks-dapper-in-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-watch-7200685.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Impact ==
Upon its release, the song started trending on internet and became a chartbuster.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-salman-khan-fans-declare-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-latest-track-billi-billi-as-best-song-of-the-year-3027673|title=Salman Khan's fans declare Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan's latest track Billi Billi as 'best song of the year'|website=DNA India|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728120001/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-salman-khan-fans-declare-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-latest-track-billi-billi-as-best-song-of-the-year-3027673|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-s-chemistry-is-mind-blowing-in-this-power-packed-dance-number-watch-2579055.html|title=Billi Billi Song: Salman Khan-Pooja Hegde's Chemistry Is Mind-Blowing In This Power-Packed Dance Number- Watch|website=Zee News|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328060627/https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-s-chemistry-is-mind-blowing-in-this-power-packed-dance-number-watch-2579055.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The song received positive reception from audiences, praising the music.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/salman-khan-introducing-billi-billi-hook-step-leaving-fans-excited-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaans-next-track-watch/|title=Salman Khan introducing 'Billi Billi' hook step is leaving fans excited for Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan's next track, watch : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=1 March 2023|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326225155/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/salman-khan-introducing-billi-billi-hook-step-leaving-fans-excited-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaans-next-track-watch/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/news-from-bollywood/billi-billi-song-out-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-shehnaaz-gill-dance-party-song-release/articleshow/98357308.cms|title=भाई से जान बन गए सलमान खान, 'बिल्ली बिल्ली' गाने में गजब है हुक स्टेप तो शहनाज गिल लगीं पटाखा|website=Navbharat Times|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728115925/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/news-from-bollywood/billi-billi-song-out-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-shehnaaz-gill-dance-party-song-release/articleshow/98357308.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The hook step choreographed by [[Jani Master]] and performed by Khan and Hegde in the music video, quickly went viral, adding to the song's popularity and becoming a social media sensation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/salman-khan-is-back-with-yet-another-fun-hookstep-with-billi-billi-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-watch-23272957|title=Salman Khan is back with yet another fun hookstep with 'Billi Billi' from 'Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan', watch!|date=1 March 2023|website=Mid-day|access-date=6 April 2024|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404055946/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/salman-khan-is-back-with-yet-another-fun-hookstep-with-billi-billi-from-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-watch-23272957|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/from-butta-bomma-to-billi-billi-a-look-at-pooja-hegde-s-foot-topping-dance-numbers-1605853|title=From Butta Bomma To Billi Billi: A Look At Pooja Hegde's Foot-Topping Dance Numbers|first=ABP News|last=Bureau|date=31 May 2023|website=news.abplive.com|access-date=6 April 2024|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404055945/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/from-butta-bomma-to-billi-billi-a-look-at-pooja-hegde-s-foot-topping-dance-numbers-1605853|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have recreated the hook step (signature step) by recording their own dance performances to the song and sharing these videos across social media platforms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/salman-khan-pooja-hegdes-chemistry-in-billi-billi-takes-the-internet-by-storm-2579532.html|title=Salman Khan-Pooja Hegdes Chemistry In Billi Billi Takes The Internet By Storm|website=Zee News|access-date=6 April 2024|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404055950/https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/salman-khan-pooja-hegdes-chemistry-in-billi-billi-takes-the-internet-by-storm-2579532.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Actress [[Rakhi Sawant]] danced to the song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/rakhi-sawant-celebrates-salman-khans-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-with-billi-billi-dance-inside-theatre-7621831.html|title=Rakhi Sawant Celebrates Salman Khan's Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan With Billi Billi Dance Inside Theatre|date=24 April 2023|website=News18|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426024800/https://www.news18.com/movies/rakhi-sawant-celebrates-salman-khans-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-with-billi-billi-dance-inside-theatre-7621831.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/salman-khans-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-makes-rakhi-sawant-groove-to-billi-billi-in-the-theatre-watch-7617667.html|title=Salman Khan's Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan Makes Rakhi Sawant Groove To Billi Billi In The Theatre, Watch|date=23 April 2023|website=News18|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728063238/https://www.news18.com/movies/salman-khans-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-makes-rakhi-sawant-groove-to-billi-billi-in-the-theatre-watch-7617667.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Khan and Hegde's chemistry in the song was also highly praised.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/visualstories/entertainment/billi-billi-girl-pooja-hegde-24766-03-03-2023|title=Billi Billi Girl, Pooja Hegde|date=3 March 2023|website=www.indiatoday.in|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=28 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728063243/https://www.indiatoday.in/visualstories/entertainment/billi-billi-girl-pooja-hegde-24766-03-03-2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/130427-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-billli-billi-song-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-reaction.html|title='Meri Jaan Lelo Bhaijaan!' People Go Crazy Over Salman's Latest Song Billi Billi From KKBKKJ|date=2 March 2023|website=MensXP|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=27 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327081817/https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/130427-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-billli-billi-song-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-reaction.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In an article, Mudit Bhatnagar of ''[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]]'' referred the song as the "party anthem of the season".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/bollywood/kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-song-billi-billi-out-salman-khan-pooja-hegde-give-us-party-anthem-of-the-season-article-98356256|title=Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan song Billi Billi out: Salman Khan, Pooja Hegde give us party anthem of the season|website=Zoom TV}}</ref>

== Live performances ==
[[Sukhbir (musician)|Sukhbir]] performed "Billi Billi" live with film's casts at [[The Kapil Sharma Show]] as part of the film's promotion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/salman-khan-shakes-a-leg-to-billi-billi-with-kkbkkj-co-star-pooja-hegde-on-the-kapil-sharma-show-watch-2359118-2023-04-12|title=Salman Khan shakes a leg to Billi Billi with KKBKKJ co-star Pooja Hegde on The Kapil Sharma Show. Watch|date=12 April 2023|website=India Today|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=17 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417002602/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/salman-khan-shakes-a-leg-to-billi-billi-with-kkbkkj-co-star-pooja-hegde-on-the-kapil-sharma-show-watch-2359118-2023-04-12|url-status=live}}</ref> He also performed the song at film's trailer launch event<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/photo/salman-khan-shehnaaz-gill-dazzle-in-black-at-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-trailer-launch-other-stars-also-arrive-2358216-2023-04-10|title=Salman Khan, Pooja Hegde, Shehnaaz Gill and others dazzle at Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan trailer launch. See pics|date=10 April 2023|website=India Today|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=12 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412091347/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/photo/salman-khan-shehnaaz-gill-dazzle-in-black-at-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-trailer-launch-other-stars-also-arrive-2358216-2023-04-10|url-status=live}}</ref> and at [[23rd IIFA Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/iifa-awards-2023/3758966|title=IIFA Awards 2023 TV Show: Watch All Seasons, Full Episodes & Videos Online In HD Quality On JioCinema|website=www.jiocinema.com|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=23 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923005352/https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/iifa-awards-2023/3758966|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Controversy ==
In May 2023, [[Federation of Western India Cine Employees]] (FWICE) banned choreographer [[Jani Master]] for hiring South Indian dancers for the song.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/fwice-bans-choreographer-of-salman-khans-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-heres-why/articleshow/100507021.cms|title=FWICE bans choreographer of Salman Khan's Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan - here's why|newspaper=The Times of India |date=25 May 2023|access-date=27 July 2024|archive-date=13 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613182345/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/fwice-bans-choreographer-of-salman-khans-kisi-ka-bhai-kisi-ki-jaan-heres-why/articleshow/100507021.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Credits and personnel ==
{{div col}}
* [[Sukhbir (musician)|Sukhbir]]{{spaced ndash}} composer, vocal
* [[Kumaar]]{{spaced ndash}} lyricist
* Vicky Sandhu{{spaced ndash}} additional lyricist
* [[Jani Master]]{{spaced ndash}} Choreographer
* Mauro Caccialanza{{spaced ndash}} mix engineer, mastering engineer
{{div col end}}

== Charts ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ Chart performances for "Billi Billi"
! scope="col"| Chart (2023)
! scope="col"| Peak position
|-
! scope="row"| India (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/india-songs-hotw/|title=India Songs|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> {{small|''Billi Billi''}}
| 9
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{YouTube|id=5bAxTGjcLs4|title=''Billi Billi''}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2023 songs]]
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Songs in Hindi]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Kumaar]]
[[Category:Songs from Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan]]
[[Category:Zee Music Company singles]]
[[Category:Indian folk songs]]
[[Category:Filmi songs]]
[[Category:Music video controversies]]
[[Category:2023 controversies]]

Wagholi, Pune

2026-01-19T12:55:30Z

RosariaE70: Creating First Stub First Draft

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Wagholi
| official_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Pune Metropolitan Region]]
{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
| map_alt = Wagholi is in the western part of India, in the northwest of Maharashtra province.
| map_caption = Wagholi
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|18|31|13|N|73|51|24|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pune district|Pune]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Pune Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body =
| leader_title = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name =
Dnayashewar Katke
| leader_title2 = Municipal Commissioner
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name3 = Dr. Amol Kolhe ([[Lok Sabha]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_metro =
| population_blank1_title = lfjfshdfjfsdlfj
| population_blank1 =
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="ua_2011">{{cite web |url= http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india2/Million_Plus_UAs_Cities_2011.pdf |title= Urban agglomerations/cities having population 1 million and above|year=2011|work= Provisional population totals, census of India 2011|format=PDF|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=26 January 2012}}</ref>
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011 pp tableA2">{{cite web|title=Cities with population of 1 Lakh and Above|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|accessdate=30 January 2014}}</ref>
| population_demonym = Wagholikar (Punekar)
| blank1_name = [[Official language]]
| blank1_info = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| blank2_name =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number]]
| postal_code = 412207
| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91-20]]
| registration_plate = MH 12
| website =
| footnotes = https://twitter.com/WagholiHSA
}}
[[File:Wagholi.jpg|thumb|Wagholi as seen from Kesnand Road. Wagholi has been a residential hub since it is in proximity to various IT Parks.]]

'''Wagholi''' is situated within the [[Pune Metropolitan]] in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]]. Wagholi is historically kenned as the habitation of Maratha Warrior Sardar Pilajirao Changojirao Jadhavrao. Wagholi was added to the area under [[Pune Municipal Corporation]] in 2021. Wagheshwar temple is popular temple at Wagholi. The name Wagholi was derived from the local Marathi word "Wagh" meaning "tiger", and is connected to the temple of Wagheshwar which is located at the entrance to the mining complex 20 km north of Pune.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wagholi, Pune District, Pune Division, Maharashtra, India |url=https://www.mindat.org/loc-56889.html |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=www.mindat.org}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Geography of Pune district]]
{{Pune-geo-stub}}

Manasara

2026-01-12T06:52:29Z

RosariaE70: added post!

{{Short description|Ancient Sanskrit treatise on Indian architecture}}
{{for|the 2010 film|Manasara (film)}}
{{italic title}}
[[File:700 CE Manasara Sanskrit text, Hindu architecture, town village plans.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Some town plans recommended in the 700 CE ''Manasara'' Sanskrit text on Hindu architecture{{sfn|Sinha|1998|pp=27–40}}{{sfn|Ram Raz|1834}}{{sfn|Ernest Havell|1972|pp=7–17}}]]
The '''''Mānasāra''''', also known as ''Manasa'' or ''Manasara Shilpa Shastra'', is an ancient [[Sanskrit]] treatise on Indian architecture and design.<ref name="Klostermaier2014"/> Organized into 70 ''adhyayas'' (chapters) and 10,000 ''shlokas'' (verses),<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thakur |first=Renu |date=1994 |title=Urban hierarchies, typologies and classification in early medieval India: c. 750–1200 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/urban-history/article/abs/urban-hierarchies-typologies-and-classification-in-early-medieval-india-c-7501200/E37D17D79BD2487770BF55D1CDFE8D50 |journal=Urban History |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=61–76 |doi=10.1017/S0963926800010701 |issn=1469-8706|url-access=subscription }}</ref> it is one of many [[Hindu texts]] on ''[[Shilpa Shastra]]'' – science of arts and crafts – that once existed in 1st-millennium CE.<ref name="Acharya2011">{{cite book|author=PK Acharya|editor=N. C. Panda|title=Architecture of Mānasāra: Text with English Translation and Critical Notes|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3jCpvAEACAAJ|year=2011|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan (original publication: 1934 by Oxford University Press)|pages=1–7}}</ref> The ''Manasara'' is among the few on [[Ancient Indian architecture]] whose complete manuscripts have survived into the modern age. It is a treatise that provides detailed guidelines on the building of [[Hindu temples]], sculptures, houses, gardens, water tanks, laying out of towns and other structures.<ref name="Klostermaier2014">{{cite book|author=Klaus K. Klostermaier |title=A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1UQBwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Oneworld Publications, Oxford |isbn=978-1-78074-672-2|page=112}}</ref><ref name="Acharya2011"/>

==Etymology==
''Manasara'' is a compound of Sanskrit {{Transliteration|sa|māna}} (measurement) and {{Transliteration|sa|sāra}} (essence), meaning "essence of measurement" states P.K. Acharya – the scholar who discovered the complete manuscript (70 chapters) and was first to translate it into English in early 20th-century. While the text is now commonly referred as simply ''Manasara'', the Sanskrit manuscript title is {{Transliteration|sa|Manasara Shilpa Shastra}} ({{Lang|sa|मानसार शिल्पशस्त्र}}).<ref name="BharneKrusche2014p256"/> Based on the early verses of the partial manuscript (58 chapters) studied in early 19th-century, [[Ram Raz]] suggested that the term "Manasara" is better rendered as "the standard measurement" or "the system of proportion".<ref name="BharneKrusche2014p256"/> According to Bharne and Krusche, scholars who have written books on Hindu temple and architecture, the complete title ''Manasara Shilpa Shastra'' is best understood as "science of architecture where the essence of measurement is contained, the standard measurement is followed, or the system of proportions is embodied".<ref name="BharneKrusche2014p256">{{cite book|author1=Vinayak Bharne|author2=Krupali Krusche|title=Rediscovering the Hindu Temple: The Sacred Architecture and Urbanism of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGukBgAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-6734-4|pages=256 notes 39–47}}</ref>

==Manuscripts and date==
Indian manuscripts that have survived into the modern age suggest that there once existed a large collection of treatises on architecture, design, arts and crafts. Many are referred and cited in surviving text but they are lost to history or yet to be discovered. Some have survived in portions, over hundred of which PK Acharya has listed in his ''Encyclopedia of Hindu Architecture''.{{sfn|Acharya|1927|p=xviii-xx}} The ''Manasara'' is one of the few that have survived in full and has been completely translated.{{sfn|Acharya|1927|p=xviii-xx}}

{{multiple image
| image1 = 1834 sketch of elements in Hindu temple architecture, four storey vimana.jpg
| width1 = 170
| image2 = 1834 sketch of elements in Hindu temple architecture, two storey gopura.jpg
| width2 = 146
| footer = Illustrative sketches of elements in Hindu temple architecture in Ram Raz's study of the ''Manasara'' in 1834
}}
Like manuscripts on many notable subjects, the ''Manasara'' was believed to have been lost by the 19th-century. Fragments of 58 chapters of the ''Manasara'' manuscript in Sanskrit had been found in early 19th-century. Ram Raz had studied these, and published his summary notes in English with interpretations of implied architecture drawings for the western audience.{{sfn|Ram Raz|1834}}{{sfn|Acharya|1934|p=xiii-xiv}}

The British India official [[Austen Chamberlain]] had a keen interest in Indian heritage and his efforts to locate ancient Indian manuscripts in early 20th-century resulted in the discovery of 11 Sanskrit manuscripts of ''Manasara'' in five Indic scripts,{{refn|group=note|Of the eleven manuscripts then found, three were in Devanagari script, four were in Grantha script, two in Telugu script, one each in Tamil script and Malayalam scripts. The language of all was Sanskrit. Six were traditional palm leaf manuscripts, while the remaining five were on paper.{{sfn|Acharya|1934|p=ix-xiv}}}} in the archives of Hindu temples, only one of which was complete. This complete manuscript found in [[Tamil Nadu]], along with the fragmentary manuscripts, were studied by the Sanskrit scholar Prasanna Acharya to create and publish a critical edition of ''Manasara'' manuscript along with a separate glossary of architectural terms. Few years later, in 1934, he published the English translation of the critical edition.{{sfn|Ram Raz|1834}}<ref name=Hargreaves/><ref>Madhuri Desai (2012), ''Interpreting an Architectural Past Ram Raz and the Treatise in South Asia'', Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 71, No. 4, pages 462-487</ref>

Acharya relied on manuscripts that had no ''bhasya'' (commentary) and drawings.{{sfn|Acharya|1934|p=xiii-xiv}} However, with assistance of K.S. Siddhalinga Swamy – a traditional ''shilpin'' (artist and architect) in South Indian architectural traditions and S.C. Mukherji – another ''shilpin'' fluent in Sanskrit and trained in the North Indian traditions, Acharya combined the text with a study of major temples, and then published 121 drawings to go with his publications.<ref name=Hargreaves>{{cite journal|title=A Review of Mānasāra on Architecture and Sculpture by P. K. Acharya: Architecture of Mānasāra by P. K. Acharya|author = H. Hargreaves| year= 1935| journal = The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland | number = 4| pages = 777–779| publisher = Cambridge University Press| volume=67 | doi = 10.1017/S0035869X00095952| jstor=25201273}}</ref>

;Date and author
The Manasara is an ancient text, states Acharya, which was likely in its final form by about 700 CE, or by other estimates around the 5th-century CE.{{sfn|Acharya|1927|pp=160–198}} Tarapada Bhattacharya, a historian specializing in Indian arts and crafts, in his book published in 1963, states that the ''Manasara'' is best viewed as a "recension of recensions" text that organically evolved over the centuries.{{sfn|Tarapada Bhattacharyya|1963|pp=183–195}} It is the work of no single author, and has layers of verses which are from the Gupta period and even more ancient. Other verses and some chapters were likely added to ''Manasara'' in later part of the 1st-millennium CE and the 11th-century CE as Hindu temples grew in their grandeur.{{sfn|Tarapada Bhattacharyya|1963|pp=183–195}} Bhattacharya admits that this hypothesis can neither directly be disproved or proved, but submits that this can be inferred from the fact that the architectural teachings in ''Manasara'' borrow from and are identical or essentially similar to those found in Sanskrit [[Puranas]], Agamas and ''[[Bṛhat Saṃhitā|Brihatsamhita]]'' that have been dated by scholars to about mid-1st millennium CE. It is likely, states Bhattacharya, that the complete surviving manuscript of ''Manasara'' is a recension produced in [[South India]] around or after the 11th-century based on major treatises that now exist only in fragments.{{sfn|Tarapada Bhattacharyya|1963|pp=183–195}}

George Michell, an Indologist known for his many books on Hindu temples, art and architecture, dates the text to 7th to 8th-century CE.{{sfn|George Michell|2000|p=33}}

==Scope and contents==
{{AI-generated|section=Scope|date=December 2025}}
The ''Manasara'' is a comprehensive text on architecture and design, part of the larger corpus of the ''Vaastu Shastras'' and ''Shilpa Shastras'', which provide guidelines on the principles of Indian architecture and construction. These texts blend technical design aspects with deep symbolic meaning derived from [[Hindu cosmology]] and traditions.{{sfn|Acharya|1927|p=xviii-xx}} {{sfn|Sinha|1998|pp=27–41}}Together with other texts like the ''Mayamata'' and ''Brihatsamhita'', the ''Manasara'' encompasses not just building principles but also broader elements of spatial planning, such as urban design, temple construction, domestic architecture, and even the layout of cities and streets.

The ''Manasara'' itself is an extensive work, consisting of 10,000 verses in Sanskrit. These verses elaborate on a wide variety of architectural elements—ranging from the design of palaces, homes, and temples to more practical structures like gateways, wells, and streets. <ref name="BharneKrusche2014p256" />{{sfn|Sinha|1998|pp=27–41}}{{sfn|Acharya|1927|p=xviii-xx}}Additionally, the text delves into topics like furniture, vehicles (such as carts and wagons), and ornamentation, showcasing the holistic approach to design in ancient Indian architecture.

At its core, ''Manasara'' is part of a tradition that dates back to the principles outlined in the ''Sthapatya Veda'', considered one of the oldest sources of architectural knowledge in Hindu tradition. The text, along with others in the ''Vaastu Shastra'' collection, presents architecture not just as a physical craft but as a spiritual and philosophical practice, integrating the cosmic order with human living spaces.

These texts reflect the cultural significance of architecture in ancient India, where form and function were intertwined with religious and philosophical beliefs. The detailed instructions offered in the ''Manasara'' were intended to ensure that buildings were in harmony with nature, the cosmos, and human purpose.
{| class="wikitable" align=center style = " background: transparent; "
|+ ''Manasara''
|-style="text-align: left;"
| width=80px style="background: #ffad66;" | Chapter
| width=80px | Verses
| width= 300px | Topics{{sfn|Acharya|1934|pp=ix-xi}}
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 1
| 40
| saṃgraha: a brief list of contents (predominantly Hindu topics, verse 31–32 mention Jaina and Buddhist arts)
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 2
| 80
| śilpi-lakṣaṇa: Qualifications of Architects, mānopakaraṇa: the system of Measurement
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 3
| 34
| Vāstu-prakaraṇa: objects of architecture
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 4
| 42
| bhūmi-saṃgraha: selection of construction site
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 5
| 91
| bhūparīkṣā: procedures for testing the soil
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 6
| 120
| śaṅku-sthāpana-lakṣaṇa: Rules for gnomoms and pegs
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 7
| 271
| padavinyāsa-lakṣaṇa: Ground plans
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 8
| 88
| balikarma: offerings and puja before planning and construction
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #eecc66;" | 9
| 538
| grama: village planning
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #eecc66;" | 10
| 110
| nagara: town planning
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 11
| 145
| bhumilamba: building dimensions
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 12
| 217
| garbhavinyasa: building foundation
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 13
| 154
| upapitha: pedestal of columns
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 14
| 412
| adhisthana: base of columns
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 15
| 437
| stambha: columns
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #000000;" | [...]
| [...]
| [to be added]
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 40
| 158
| rajaharmya: royal palace
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 41
| 51
| rajanga: royal entourage
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 42
| 82
| rajalakshana: royal insignia
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 43
| 170
| rathalakshana: chariots and chariot-cars
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 44
| 85
| sayana, paryanka, manca: couch, beds and swings
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #000000;" | [...]
| [...]
| [to be added]
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 51
| 94
| trimurti: Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesha
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 52
| 376
| Linga: Shaiva icon
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 53
| 60
| pīṭha-lakṣaṇa: the Hindu temple images, supporting structure for deities
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 54
| 192
| śakti-lakṣaṇa: the Hindu temple images, female deities
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 55
| 94
| jaina-lakṣaṇa: the Jaina temple images
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 56
| 18
| bauddha-lakṣaṇa: the Buddhist temple images
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 57
| 60
| muni-lakṣaṇa: the images of sages
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #000000;" | [...]
| [...]
| [to be added]
|-style="text-align: left;"
| style="background: #ffdd66;" | 70
| 118
| nayanonmilana: rules for the chiseling of the eye
|}

==Reception==
Stein published the first review of Acharya's translation of the ''Manasara'' manuscript, remarking that the ''Manasara'' "seems to occupy the same importance to ''Shilpa'' (arts and crafts) like that of the ''Manusmriti'' to law" among the Hindus.<ref>O Stein (1935),''"Acharya P. K.: Architecture of Manasara (Book Review)'', Archiv Orientální; Praha, Volume 7, Issue 1, pp 249-250</ref> Neither Ram Raz nor Acharya shared Stein's views on the ''Manasara''. They had interviewed numerous native temple architects and artisans, and based on these interviews they considered ''Manasara'' to be an important text but not the authority.<ref name="BharneKrusche2014p255"/> The [[oral tradition]] of the native builders and portions of manuscripts the native architects possessed led both to the view that the architectural tradition in India relied on 32 ''mukhya'' (principal) and 32 ''upa'' (secondary) architectural texts, along with a different treatise they called the ''Sacaladhicara''.<ref name="BharneKrusche2014p255"/> Both Raz and Acharya interpreted the ''Manasara'' in light of the fragmented ''Sacaladhicara'' treatise available to them.<ref name="BharneKrusche2014p255">{{cite book|author1=Vinayak Bharne|author2=Krupali Krusche|title=Rediscovering the Hindu Temple: The Sacred Architecture and Urbanism of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGukBgAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-6734-4|pages=255–256 with notes 30–31}}</ref>

According to George Michell, the ''Manasara'' is one of many building manuals with chapters important to Hindu temple construction history. These works discuss selection of building site, ground plan, merits of different construction materials, proportion between plans and elevation, and details of the reliefs and decorations seen in Hindu temples.{{sfn|George Michell|2000|p=33}}

Contemporary reviewers state that the ''Manasara'' manuscript attests to the early advancements and literature on architecture in India. These guidelines such as measurements and ratios are precise, but the text leaves much room for diverse interpretations. The palm leaf manuscripts of ''Manasara'' do not have any drawings, unlike the current editions and English translations of ''Manasara'' that include drawings.<ref name="BharneKrusche2014p256"/> According to Tillotson – a historian of Indian architecture, the ''Manasara'' "offers a programme for building, and a fairly thorough one at that, but like other text it remains a compilation of words, not of forms. It only tells, it cannot show."<ref name="Tillotson 1997 pp. 87–97">{{cite journal | last=Tillotson | first=G.H.R. | title=Svastika Mansion: A Silpa-Sastra in the 1930s | journal=South Asian Studies | publisher=Routledge | volume=13 | issue=1 | year=1997 | doi=10.1080/02666030.1997.9628528 | page=95}}</ref>

According to Adam Hardy – an Indologist specializing in [[Hindu architecture]] and temples, the ''Manasara'' is a guide with prescriptions of ratios and rules for design and architecture, like other Vastu sastra texts that have survived. These prescriptions can be interpreted into a variety of drawings and forms after a careful study, but such studies and publications have been rare. Hardy and Salvini illustrate their view by first translating another vastu sastra text ''Samarāṅgaṇasūtradhāra'' into English, then deriving mathematical ratios and drawings from it in a manner similar to those of Ram Raz for ''Manasara''.{{sfn|Hardy|2009|pp=41–62}} After his study of ''Samarāṅgaṇasūtradhāra'', Hardy remarks the forms and drawings that result are quite similar to ''Manasara''. More specifically, he writes, "interestingly, this very form of all-the-way-down alignment [of temple Vimana] is present to a large degree in the interpretations of the ''Mānasāra''", as presented in Ram Raz's publication.{{sfn|Hardy|2009|pp=53–54}} The ''Manasara'' and other texts present the theory, the architect interprets and projects it into a tangible form following the training and field experience he must have received in the architectural traditions.{{sfn|Hardy|2009|pp=53–54}} Hardy shares the Tillotson view that some creative attempts with hybrid drawings by Acharya derived from ''Manasara'' do not reflect any real buildings from the past or early 20th-century.<ref name="Hardy 2009 pp. 41–62">{{harvnb|Hardy|2009|pp=60–61, note 2}}</ref>

The ''Manasara'' is the "best-known and possibly the most complete" treatise on Indian architecture and planning that has survived into the modern age, states Jennifer Howes.{{sfn|Jennifer Howes|2003|p=8}} Its first complete manuscript was discovered in a temple in Thanjavur (Tamil Nadu) in early 20th-century, and as a result the early illustrations and translations give a distinct South Indian style and a context of Hindu temples.{{sfn|Jennifer Howes|2003|p=10}} This history and context is perhaps why, states Howes, it is often incorrectly "billed as more relevant to studies of temple architecture than to architecture serving any other function". A more cohesive analysis of ''Manasara'' suggests it is a broader design and architecture treatise on a wide range of "man-made things".{{sfn|Jennifer Howes|2003|pp=10, 8-24 with plates}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|first=P. K.|last=Acharya|year=2010|title=An encyclopaedia of Hindu architecture | url=https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediaofh07achauoft#page/n9/mode/2up |publisher=Oxford University Press (Republished by Motilal Banarsidass)|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-85990-03-3}}
*{{cite book|first=P. K.|last=Acharya|year=1927|title=Indian Architecture according to the Manasara Shilpa Shastra|url=https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediaofh07achauoft#page/n9/mode/2up |publisher=Oxford University Press (Republished by Motilal Banarsidass)|location=London|isbn=0300062176}}
*{{cite book|first=P. K.|last=Acharya|year=1934|title=Architecture of Manasara, Translated from Original Sanskrit |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108320/page/n5/mode/2up |publisher=Oxford University Press (Republished by Oriental Books, 2nd edition in 1980)}}
*{{cite book|author=Tarapada Bhattacharyya|title=The Canons of Indian Art: Or, a Study on Vāstuvidyā, 2nd Edition|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=o2wUnQEACAAJ|year=1963| publisher=Firma KLM|isbn=978-0-8364-1618-3}}
*{{cite book|first=J. C.|last=Harle|year=1994|title=The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent|url=https://archive.org/details/artarchitectureo00harl|edition=2nd|publisher=Yale University Press Pelican History of Art|isbn=0300062176|ref=Harle|url-access=registration}}
*{{cite journal | last=Hardy | first=Adam | title=Drāvida Temples in the Samarānganasūtradhāra | journal=South Asian Studies | publisher=Routledge | volume=25 | issue=1 | year=2009 | issn=0266-6030 | doi=10.1080/02666030.2009.9628698 | pages=41–62| s2cid=15290721 | url=http://orca.cf.ac.uk/13911/1/Dravida%20Temples%20in%20the%20Samarangana.pdf }}
*{{cite book|author=Ernest Havell|title=The Ancient and Medieval Architecture of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xHM-7CaV5zYC|year=1972|publisher=John Murray, London (Reprinted S. Chand)}}
*{{cite book|author=Jennifer Howes|title=The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aex_vpsu3gwC |year=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-7007-1585-5}}
*{{cite book|first=M.|last=Juneja|year=2001|title=Architecture in Medieval India: Forms, Contexts, Histories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7N7VAAAAMAAJ |edition=2nd|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-8178242286|ref=Juneja}}
*{{cite book|first=George|last=Michell|year=1988|title=The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to its Meaning and Forms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajgImLs62gwC |edition=2nd |publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago/London|isbn=0-226-53230-5|ref=Michell}}
*{{cite book|author=George Michell|title=Hindu Art and Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YVl2QgAACAAJ |year=2000 |publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-20337-8}}
*{{cite journal |last=Patra | first=Reena | title=A Comparative Study on Vaastu Shastra and Heidegger's 'Building, Dwelling and Thinking' | journal=Asian Philosophy | publisher=Taylor & Francis | volume=16 | issue=3 | year=2006 | doi=10.1080/09552360600979430 | pages=199–218| s2cid=144592593 }}
*{{cite book|author=Ram Raz|title=Essay on the Architecture of the Hindús|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DSg5AQAAMAAJ|year=1834 |publisher=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland}}
*{{cite journal| last=Sinha | first=Amita | title=Design of Settlements in the Vaastu Shastras | journal=Journal of Cultural Geography | publisher=Taylor & Francis | volume=17 | issue=2 | year=1998 | doi=10.1080/08873639809478319 | pages=27–41}}
*{{cite book|first=D. N.|last=Shukla|year=1993|title=Vastu-Sastra: Hindu Science of Architecture|publisher=Munshiram Manoharial Publishers|isbn=978-81-215-0611-3|ref=Shukla}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

[[Category:Hindu texts]]
[[Category:Hindu architecture]]
[[Category:Indian architectural history]]
[[Category:Indian iconography]]
[[Category:Architectural treatises]]

Gondi writing

2026-01-01T11:07:00Z

RosariaE70: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Short description|Writing system}}
[[Gondi language|Gondi]] has typically been written in [[Devanagari script]] or [[Telugu script]], but native scripts are in existence. A [[Gondi people|Gond]] by the name of Munshi Mangal Singh Masaram designed a Brahmi-based script in 1918, and in 2006, a native script that dates up to 1750 has been discovered by a group of researchers from the University of Hyderabad.

Nonetheless, most Gonds are unaware of their well developed language and do not use any script now. The [[Gunjala Gondi Lipi]] has witnessed a surge in prominence, and well-supported efforts are being undertaken in villages of northern [[Andhra Pradesh]] to widen its usage.

== {{anchor|Masaram}} Munshi Mangal Singh Masaram script ==
{{Infobox Writing system
|name=Masaram Gondi
|altname={{script|Gonm|𑴤𑴫𑴦𑴱𑴤 𑴎𑴽𑵀𑴘𑴳}}
|sample=मसराम गोंडी.svg
|caption="Masaram Gondi" written in Masaram Gondi script
|time=1918–present
|type=[[Abugida]]
|iso15924=Gonm
|unicode = {{ublist |class=nowrap |[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11D00.pdf U+11D00–U+11D5F] {{smaller|Masaram Gondi}}}}
|languages=[[Gondi language|Gondi]]
|note=none
}}
In 1918, Munshi Mangal Singh Masaram, a Gond from Balaghat district of [[Madhya Pradesh]], designed a script for Gondi based on Brahmi characters found in other descendant Indian scripts.<ref>[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15090-masaram-gondi.pdf Proposal to Encode the Masaram Gondi Script in Unicode]</ref> However, this script is not widely used, even though a few publications have been made available by his followers and supporters.

===Unicode===
{{Main|Masaram Gondi (Unicode block)}}
Masaram Gondi script was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in June, 2017 with the release of version 10.0.

The Unicode block for Masaram Gondi is U+11D00–U+11D5F:

{{Unicode chart Masaram Gondi}}

== Gunjala Gondi Lipi ==
{{main|Gunjala Gondi Lipi}}
{{Infobox Writing system
|name=Gunjala Gondi Lipi
|sample=Shukla Gunjala Gondi Script.svg
|caption="Gunjala Gondi Lipi" written in Gunjala Gondi script
|time=c. 1750–present
|type=[[Abugida]]
|iso15924=Gong
|fam1=[[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet]]
|fam2=[[Phoenician alphabet]]
|fam3=[[Aramaic alphabet]]
|fam4=[[Brāhmī script|Brāhmī]]
|fam5=[[Gupta script|Gupta]]
|fam6=[[Nāgarī script|Nāgarī]]
|footnotes=
|languages=[[Gondi language|Gondi]]
|note=none
}}
This script is the subject of ongoing linguistic and historical research. Discovered manuscripts have been dated up to 1750, and discuss information from as early as the 6th–7th centuries. Much of the information reveals independence initiatives by the Gond Rajas and encounters with the British. Also, the names of the days of the week, the months, the Gond festivals have been discovered in this Gondi script.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chance-discovery-of-gondi-script-opens-new-vistas-of-tribal-culture/article4359780.ece| title = Chance discovery of Gondi script opens new vistas of tribal culture - The Hindu| newspaper = The Hindu| date = 30 January 2013| last1 = Singh| first1 = S. Harpal}}</ref>

===Unicode===
{{Main|Gunjala Gondi (Unicode block)}}
Gunjala Gondi lipi was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in June, 2018 with the release of version 11.0.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Unicode 11.0.0 | url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ | publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]] | date=June 5, 2018 | access-date=June 5, 2018 }}</ref>

The Unicode block for Gunjala Gondi is U+11D60–U+11DAF:

{{Unicode chart Gunjala Gondi}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/gondi.htm Gondi script]

{{list of writing systems}}



{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Abugida writing systems]]
[[Category:Gondi language]]
[[Category:Languages of Madhya Pradesh]]

Mori Kingdom

2025-12-21T01:49:09Z

RosariaE70: added a pg

{{Short description|Indian kingdom}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Not to be confused with|Maurya Empire}}
{{Infobox former country
| year_start = 610s
| year_end = 734
| event_end =
| p1 = Aulikaras
| s1 = Guhila dynasty
| s2 =
| capital = [[Chittorgarh Fort]], Rajasthan, India
| religion = [[State religion]]: {{plainlist|
* [[Hinduism]]}}
| leader1 =
| leader2 =
| year_leader1 =
| year_leader2 =
| image_map = {{South Asia in 600 CE|center||{{Annotation|85|106|[[File:Long Fine Rectangle (plain).png|32px]]}}||none}}
| map_caption = The Moris and neighbouring South Asian polities circa 600 CE<ref name="JES">{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |pages=21, 147|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=048}}</ref>
| coordinates = {{coord|24.8863|74.647|type:landmark|display=inline}}
}}
[[File:Chittorgarh fort.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|A view of [[Chittorgarh Fort]], Rajasthan, India]]
[[File:Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, first half of the 6th century CE.jpg|thumb|Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, first half of the 6th century CE.<ref>{{citation |last1=Balogh |first1=Dániel |title=Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, inked rubbing |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2105017 |date=9 December 2018|doi=10.5281/zenodo.2105017 |publisher=SIDDHAṂ: The South Asia Inscriptions Database}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Epigraphia Indica Vol 34 |pages=53–58 |url=https://archive.org/details/epigraphiaindicavol34_388_M/page/n93/mode/2up}}</ref>]]

The '''Mori Kingdom''', also known as the '''Later Mauryas''',{{efn|To distinguish them from the unrelated [[Maurya Empire]].}} was a kingdom that ruled over southwestern [[Rajasthan]] and northern [[Malwa]] in India. The kingdom was established in the 7th century, and reigned for a period of about 120 years.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Somani |first1=ram Vallabh |title=History Of Mewar |date=1976 |page=28 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.143000/page/n33/mode/2up}}</ref> The Mori Rajputs controlled the [[Chittor Fort]], and were a powerful military regime in this region before the rise of the [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty]].

==History==
The Mori Rajputs are mentioned as one of the thirty-five branches of the [[Parmar (clan)|Parmar]] [[Rajput]] clan by British scholars.<ref name="diu">{{cite book |last1=Chand |first1=Faquir |last2=Sinha |first2=N. K. |title=People of India: Daman and Diu |date=1992 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-762-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lS-vD6l8cO8C&dq=Mori+Rajputs&pg=PA87 |language=en}}</ref> [[Chitrangada Mori]], a Mori Rajput ruler, laid the foundation of the fort of [[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]] (also known as Chittor Fort).<ref name="S Singh Rajasthan">{{cite book |last1=Singh Chib |first1=Sukhdev |title=Rajasthan |date=1979 |publisher=The University of Michigan |pages=118 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXstAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="Tourism">{{cite book| title= Rajasthan |date=1962 |publisher=The University of Michigan |pages=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6gBAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="das">{{cite book |last1=Guides |first1=Bluworlds |last2=Das |first2=Joydip |title=Royal Rajasthan Pocket Travel Guide |publisher=Bluworlds Guides |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7XSCQAAQBAJ&dq=Mori+Rajputs&pg=PA36 |language=en}}</ref>

The Mori people controlled the [[Chittor Fort]] and the surrounding region before the [[Guhila dynasty]] took control. The fort of Chittor became a well-established citadel in the 8th century under the Moris.<ref name="India tourism guide">{{cite book |last1=India Tourism Development Corporation |first1=India Tourism Development Corporation |title=Guide to Rajasthan |date=1975 |publisher=India Tourism Development Corporation |pages=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsItAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref> An inscription in the fortress (dated 713 CE) names four Mori Rajput rulers of Chittor.<ref name="Gazetteer HC">{{cite book |last1=Rajasthan State Gazetteer |first1=Rajasthan State Gazetteer |title=Rajasthan State Gazetteer: History and culture |date=1995 |publisher=Directorate, District Gazetteers, Government of Rajasthan |pages=322 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUZuAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori+Rajput}}</ref>

[[Bappa Rawal]] probably led the Mori campaign against the Arabs, which, among other factors, contributed to his historical prominence. Later, he either deposed his overlord, Manuraja of the Chittor (also known as Mana Mori), and became king with the help of the nobles, or he became the king after Manuraja died childless.{{sfn|Shyam Manohar Mishra|1977|p=48}} Following Bappa Rawal's rise to power, the Moris were expelled from [[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]].<ref name="Andrew T">{{cite book |last1=Topsfield |first1=Andrew |title=Court Painting at Udaipur Art Under the Patronage of the Maharanas of Mewar |date=2001 |publisher=Artibus Asiae Publishers |isbn=9783907077030 |pages=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvu6EfsFH48C&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="Calcutta">{{cite book |author=Sanskrit College (Kolkata, India) |title=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |date=1965 |publisher=Sanskrit College |pages=52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LUeAQAAIAAJ&q=mori%20Rajput}}</ref>

===Defeat by the Arabs===
According to C.K. Majumdar, the Moris were ruling at Chittor{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1977|p=298-299}} when the Arabs (mlechchhas) invaded north-western India, around 725 CE.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1977|p=298-299}} The Arabs defeated the Moris, and in turn, were defeated by [[Umayyad campaigns in India|a confederacy that included Bappa Rawal]].{{sfn|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|p=45}}{{sfn|Khalid Yahya Blankinship|1994|p=188}}<ref name="un">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Raj |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8o5HyC0-FUC&dq=Mori+Rajputs&pg=PA142 |title=Encyclopaedia Of Untouchables : Ancient Medieval And Modern |date=2008 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-664-8}}</ref>

===Decline of Mori Kingdom===

Bappa Rawal defeated King Mana Mori, his maternal grandfather, and captured the kingdom of Chittor. This event is mentioned in the [[Raj Prashasti|Rajprashasti]] Abhilekh, in the epic [[Mahakavya]], in Canto 3.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=Ranchod |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.400924 |title=Rajprasastia Mahakavyam |date=1973}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ranchod Bhatt Maharana |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.403285 |title=Raj Singh Raj Prashasti |date=1973}}</ref>

Instead of counting Bappa Rawal as the last king of the Mori Dynasty of Chittor, some sources provide a different order of events and count Mana Mori as the final king. [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] who was an [[Arab]] military commander in service of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]], attacked Chittor via [[Mathura]] in 725 CE.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1977|p=298-299}} [[Bappa Rawal]], of [[Guhila dynasty]], was a commander in the Mori army. After defeating Bin Qasim, Bappa Rawal obtained Chittor in dowry from Mana Mori in 734 CE. From then on, Chittor was ruled by the Sisodia Rajputs. Still, descendants of Chitrangada Mori are said to survive in the [[Malwa]] region of India.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

==Inscriptions==
The Dabok stone inscription, dating back to Gupta Samvat 407 (725 CE), records events during the reign of Dhavalappadeva. This ruler is likely the same as Dhavala, a prince from the Maurya dynasty mentioned in the Kansuvam inscription of Vikrama Samvat 795 (738 CE).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raychaudhari |first=HC |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.06227/page/60/mode/1up |title=The dynastic History of Northern India, Volume II |publisher=Calcutta University Press |pages=1198 |quote=Dabok stone-inscription dated in Gupta Samvat 407 (c. 725 A.D.). The inscription is dated in the victorious reign of the Dhavalappadeva, who has with some probability been identified with the Maurya prince Dhavala of the Kansuvam inscription dated in V.S. 795 (A.D. 738).}}</ref> Mana Mori ruled Chittor until at least 736 AD as per the Kansuvam inscription. It is known that Bappa captured the fort from Mana Mori, not from Dhavala Mori.<ref>{{Cite book |last=R. Ram |url=http://archive.org/details/history-of-guhilots-by-r.-ram |title=History Of The Guhilots (From c. 550 A.D. to c.1364 A.D.) |publisher=Banaras Hindu University |publication-date=1962 |pages= |quote=Pg.66 : After Mana, Dhavala of the Mori dynasty was reigning in the vicinity of Chitoda at least upto 736 A.D., the date of his Kansuvama inscription. As we know that Bappa seized the fort from Mana and not from Dhavala. Pg. 163 : Dhavala of this record with a Mori king Dhavala of the Kansuvama inscription of 759 A.D.}}</ref> The Kanswa inscription describes Dhavala as follows:
<blockquote>
(L.5)- The rulers (born) in this Mauryan race, like the elephants of the quarters, filling the noble with joy by (their) faces bright with generosity (as with rutting-juice) together with their adherents confidently take delight everywhere, undaunted of mind (and) exulting in (their) pride, of known renown on account of (their) good lineage (and) known for (their) virtues, praiseworthy for probity and full of energy. 
(L.6)- Among these kings, who were such (and) who ruled the whole earth, there was a prince who, Dhavala as he was, was dazzling by (his) fame. For their own sins, which day by day they always openly brought on themselves by their bodies and so forth, he defeated (his) enemies and reduced the wretches to such a state that, like evil spirits, naked (and) ever famishing (and thus) day by day revealing the punishment (meted out to them, and) again and again wandering at night to strangers' houses, they even now are kings.
 
—[[Kanswa]] Inscription of Dhavala Mori<ref>{{Cite book |last=Richard Carnac |first=John Faithfull Fleet|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.10483/page/1198/mode/1up |title=Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Volume 19 |date=1936 |publisher=Calcutta University Press |pages=60}}</ref>
</blockquote>

Manuraja is identified with Māna, mentioned in the Chittorgarh Māna-sarovara inscription of 713 AD. Māna was described as the son of Bhoja.<ref name="Calcutta" /><ref name="un" /> Māna's great - grandfather was named Maheśvara.<ref name="Origin">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=R.B |title=Origin of the Rajputs |date=1975 |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |pages=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IcM5AQAAIAAJ&q=mori%20Rajput}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|History|India}}
*[[List of Indian monarchs]]
*[[Chitrangada Mori]]
*[[Bappa Rawal]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |author=Khalid Yahya Blankinship |title=The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jz0Yy053WS4C&pg=PA188 |year=1994 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-1827-7 |pages=188 }}
* {{cite book |author=Ram Vallabh Somani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. |publisher=Mateshwari |year=1976 |oclc=2929852 }}
* {{cite book |author=R. C. Majumdar |title=Ancient India |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1977 |isbn=9788120804364 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNxiN5tzKOgC&pg=PA327 }}
* {{cite book |author=Shyam Manohar Mishra |title=Yaśovarman of Kanauj |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZWgj-YMdVEC&pg=PA48 |year=1977 |publisher=Abhinav |oclc=557679616 }}

{{Rajput Groups of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mori (Clan)}}
[[Category:610s establishments]]
[[Category:614 establishments]]
[[Category:History of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:734 disestablishments]]
[[Category:7th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:8th-century disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Medieval Indian monarchies]]
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
[[Category:Chittorgarh district]]
[[Category:Chittorgarh Fort]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajput history]]

Cnemaspis jackieii

2025-12-18T04:06:48Z

RosariaE70: Put up the article v1

{{Short description|Species of gecko}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Speciesbox
| taxon = Cnemaspis jackieii
| authority = Pal, Mirza, Dsouza & Shanker, 2021<ref name="Pal et al 2021">{{Cite journal|last1=Pal|first1=Saunak|last2=Mirza|first2=Zeeshan A.|last3=Dsouza|first3=Princia|last4=Shanker|first4=Kartik |name-list-style=amp |date=2021-09-23|title=Diversifying on the Ark: multiple new endemic lineages of dwarf geckos from the Western Ghats provide insights into the systematics and biogeography of South Asian ''Cnemaspis'' (Reptilia: Squamata)|journal=Zoological Research|language=en|volume=42|issue=6|pages=675–691|doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.074|pmid=34581029 |doi-access=free|pmc=8645882}}</ref>
| range_map = {{Location map | India
| relief = yes
| caption =
| alt = Vairavankulam Reserve Forest in India
| lat_deg = 9.17
| lon_deg = 77.28
}}
| range_map_caption = ''Cnemaspis jackieii'' is only known from the Vairavankulam Reserve Forest in the southern Western Ghats, India
}}

'''''Cnemaspis jackieii''''' is a species of diurnal [[gecko]] in the family [[Gekkonidae]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Western Ghats]] in southern [[India]].

== Description ==
''Cnemaspis jackieii'' is a small ''[[Cnemaspis]]'' gecko, measuring 31.1 mm from [[snout–vent length|snout to vent]]. It has circular nostrils and small eyes with round black [[Pupil|pupils]] surrounded by orange [[Iris (anatomy)|irises]]. It has a slender and elongated body, short [[Forelimb|forelimbs]] and long [[Hindlimb|hindlimbs]]. The [[Digit (anatomy)|digits]] are also elongated and slender, and all have recurved claws. Males have 5–6 [[Femoral pore|femoral pores]] on each thigh. The base of the tail is swollen and the tail itself is longer than the entire body.<ref name="Pal et al 2021" />

The upper side of the body of a male ''C. jackieii'' is reddish, with six grey blotches down the back; the limbs are tinged with yellow. The tail has seven alternating bands of black and pale white. The underside of the body is yellow. The female has the upper side of the body coloured dull grey or brown, with the blotches coloured dark brown; the tail has alternate dark grey and [[Buff (colour)|buff]]-coloured bands.<ref name="Pal et al 2021" />

== Evolution and taxonomy ==
''Cnemaspis jackieii'' is a member of the [[clade]] ''gracilis'' within the genus ''Cnemaspis'', along with ''[[Cnemaspis gracilis|C. gracilis]]'', ''[[Cnemaspis thackerayi|C. thackerayi]]'', ''[[Cnemaspis agarwali|C. agarwali]]'' and ''[[Cnemaspis shevaroyensis|C. shevaroyensis]]''. The ''gracilis'' clade emerged 48 ± 9 million years ago, in the [[Eocene]] epoch. Of the five species in the clade, only ''C. jackieii'' and ''C. gracilis'' inhabit the Western Ghats. ''C. jackieii'' is distinguished from ''C. gracilis'' by moderate genetic differences and significant differences in appearance and geographic distribution.<ref name="Pal et al 2021" />

== Habitat and ecology ==
''C. jackieii'' is recorded only in one location – in a deciduous forest within Vairavankulam Reserve Forest, in the southern Western Ghats in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is found on rocks along streams.<ref name="Pal et al 2021" />

== Etymology ==
For its ability to move rapidly and hide inside small crevices, ''Cnemaspis jackieii'' is named for [[Hong Kong]] actor [[Jackie Chan]], who is famous for his agility.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Deshpande|first=Alok|date=2021-10-01|title=Newly discovered species of gecko named after Jackie Chan|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/newly-discovered-species-of-gecko-named-after-jackie-chan/article36779769.ece|access-date=2021-10-20 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q108989925}}

[[Category:Cnemaspis|jackieii]]
[[Category:Lizards of Asia]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2021]]

Ramamangalam

2025-12-11T17:51:58Z

RosariaE70:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ramamangalam
| other_name = Shatkala Govinda Gramam
| nickname = moonnuvashapuzha naad
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|9|56|0|N|76|30|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = [[Lord Rama]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 10035
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 686663
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Assembly constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Piravom]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = Assembly MLA
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Anoop Jacob]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Ramamangalam ''' is a village in [[Ernakulam district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]], it lies between [[Kolenchery]], [[Piravom]] and [[Muvattupuzha]] towns.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/P|title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=2008-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|archive-date=2008-12-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> This small town lies in the [[Muvattupuzha taluk]].

== Etymology ==
The origin of the name "Ramamangalam" is believed to come from [[Lord Rama]], a widely revered Hindu deity. According to the belief, shortly after their marriage, Lord Rama and [[Sita|Sita Devi]] visited the village during their [[vanavasa]] from [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]] on the demand of his stepmother, [[Kaikeyi]]. The village was subsequently named as Sriramamangalam, later shortened to Ramamangalam.<ref name="newindianexpress">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2023/Jan/17/where-lord-ram-sita-stayed-during-vanvas-2538378.html|title= Where Lord Ram, Sita stayed during vanvas |author= Ann Mary Wilson|access-date=2024-02-28|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== History ==
Ramamangalam was under the rule of [[Cheraman Perumal]] long ago. The village is dotted with temples, the most notable of which is [[Ramamangalam Perumthrikkovil]] built by [[Cheraman Perumal]] between the 8th and 12th centuries AD.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Ramamangalam had a population of 10035 with 5036 males and 4999 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramamangalam Village Population - Muvattupuzha - Ernakulam, Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/628029-ramamangalam-kerala.html |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name="censusindia" />

==Location==

{| style="right; margin:0 0 0 0;"
|
{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Destinations from Ramamangalam'''
|Northwest = [[Thrippunithura]]
|North = [[Kolenchery]]
|Northeast = [[Muvattupuzha]]
|West = [[Chottanikkara]]
|Centre = Ramamangalam
|East = [[Thodupuzha]]
|Southwest = [[Udayamperoor]], [[Mulanthuruthy]]
|South = [[Piravom]]
|Southeast = [[Palakkuzha]]
}}
|}

== Notable people ==
* [[E. P. Poulose]] - Indian politician
* [[Shadkala Govinda Marar]] - Carnatic musician
* [[Kumari Shibulal]] - Indian philanthropist

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Ernakulam district}}

[[Category:Villages in Ernakulam district]]

{{Ernakulam-geo-stub}}

Palm Beach Road

2025-11-03T15:45:43Z

RosariaE70:

{{Short description|Road in Navi Mumbai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox road
|name=Palm Beach Road
|map=Palm Beach Marg.png
|map_notes=Map of Palm Beach Marg
|country=IND
|state=Maharashtra
|cities=Navi Mumbai
|length_km=10
|maint=[[Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation]]<ref name="trafficsignals">{{cite news |url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2012/jul/290712-Three-signals-for-Palm-Beach-Road.htm |title=Three signals for Palm Beach Road |first=Saurabh |last=Katkurwar |date=29 July 2012 |accessdate=7 October 2012 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |location=Navi Mumbai}}</ref> [[City and Industrial Development Corporation]]<ref name="easyride">{{cite news |url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2012/may/200512-An-easier-ride-to-Thane.htm |title=An easier ride to Thane |first=Saurabh |last=Katkurwar |date=20 May 2012 |accessdate=7 October 2012 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |location=Navi Mumbai}}</ref>
|direction_a=South
|direction_b=North
|terminus_a=[[Diwale]], [[CBD Belapur]]
|terminus_b=[[Thane–Belapur road]]
|destinations=[[Nerul]], [[Sanpada]], [[Vashi]],
}}

The '''Palm Beach Road''' is a {{Convert|10|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}}, six-lane, upmarket, and affluent residential and commercial road that connects [[Vashi]] and [[CBD Belapur|Belapur]] through [[Sanpada]] [[Nerul]], running parallel to the Mumbai Harbour.<ref name="thanejnpt">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-10/thane/28138534_1_cidco-officials-nh4b-road-stretch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203023954/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-10/thane/28138534_1_cidco-officials-nh4b-road-stretch|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-12-03|title=Thane to JNPT in 30 mins?|last=Badgeri|first=Manoj|date=2010-01-10|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=3 May 2012|location=Thane}}</ref>

== Safety ==
The road has witnessed accidents in the past,<ref name="fourkilled">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-12/mumbai/30508362_1_palm-beach-road-bar-speed-limit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103133134/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-12/mumbai/30508362_1_palm-beach-road-bar-speed-limit |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-03 |title=4 youth killed in crash on Palm Beach Road |last=Singh |first=Vijay |date=2011-12-12 |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=2012-07-05 }}</ref><ref name="hitnrun">{{cite news |url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2012/jun/030612-Palm-Beach-Road-hit-and-run-leaves-1-critical.htm |title=Palm Beach Road hit-and-run leaves 1 critical |date=2012-06-03 |accessdate=2012-07-05 |work=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref> earning it the name "Killer Road."<ref name="killerroad">{{cite news |url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2011/dec/271211-Killer-Palm-Beach-road-claims-yet-another-teenager.htm|title=Killer Palm Beach road claims yet another teenager |date=2011-12-27 |accessdate=2012-07-05 |work=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref> [[Speed Limit]] and [[safety signs]] have been put up along the road. Fences have been installed on both sides of the road and the divider to prevent pedestrians from crossing. Three sets of rumblers were added to reduce the speed of the vehicles on the road but later removed.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|19.0496|73.0085|type:landmark_globe:earth_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Transport in Navi Mumbai]]

{{india-road-stub}}

List of films shot in Rajasthan

2025-11-01T17:01:12Z

RosariaE70: brief fixed layout per sources further and updated info to improve readability

{{short description|none}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2024}}

The Indian state of Rajasthan has often been used as a site for filming movies and TV serials. The state has served as the backdrop for many Indian as well as foreign movies.

== List ==
Famous '''films shot in [[Rajasthan]]''' include:

* ''Adimai Penn'' (MGR's Tamil film 1968)
* ''Veera Pandia Kattan Bomman'' (Sivaji Ganesan's Tamil Film - 1959)
* ''[[Kaanchli Life in a Slough]]'' (2020) at [[Jhadol]], [[Udaipur]]
* ''[[Dhanak]]'' at [[Jaisalmer]]
* ''[[Agent Sai Srinivasa Athreya]]'' at Bidasar, Rajasthan
* ''[[Mard (1985 film)|Mard]]'', at Jaigarh Fort And Bamanwas, [[Sawai Madhopur]]
* ''[[Anamika (2008 film)|Anamika]]'' at [[Gajner Palace, Bikaner|Gajner Palace]], [[Bikaner]]
* ''[[Autobiography of a Princess]]'', at [[Jodhpur]]
* ''[[Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (1998 film)|Bade Miyan Chote Miyan]]'', at [[City Palace, Jaipur]]<ref name="jaipurbeat">{{Cite web |date=2016-07-15 |title=12 Movies in Bollywood that were shot in the Most Scenic Locations of Jaipur |url=https://jaipurbeat.com/2016/07/15/12-movies-in-bollywood-that-were-shot-in-the-most-scenic-locations-of-jaipur/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Jaipur Beat |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'', at Mandawa, [[Jhunjhunu]]
* ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'', at [[Amer Palace, Jaipur]]<ref name="jaipurbeat"/>
* ''[[Badrinath Ki Dulhania]]'', at Kota
* ''[[The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel]]''
* ''[[Bol Bachchan]]'', at [[Chomu Palace (Jaipur)|Chomu Palace]], [[Jaipur, Rajasthan]]<ref name="jaipurbeat"/>
* ''[[Border (1997 film)|Border]]''
* ''[[Chalo Dilli]]'', at [[Jhunjhunu]]
* ''[[Chaar Din Ki Chandni]]'', at [[Khimsar]], (at [[Jaipur]])
* ''[[Chor Machaaye Shor]]'', at Mubarak Mahal, [[Jaipur]]
* ''[[The Darjeeling Limited]]'', at [[Jodhpur]]
* ''[[Das Wilde Leben]]'', at Jaipur
* ''[[The Deceivers (film)|The Deceivers]]''
* ''[[Delhi 6]]'', at Sambhar, Jaipur<ref name="jaipurbeat"/>
* ''[[Dor (film)|Dor]]''
* ''[[Ek Paheli Leela]]'', at Jodhpur, [[Nagaur]] and [[Bikaner]]
* ''[[Eklavya: The Royal Guard]]''
* ''[[The Fall (2006 film)|The Fall]]'', at [[Jaipur]] and [[Jodhpur]]
* ''[[The Far Pavilions]]''
* ''[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]''
* ''[[Ghulami]]'', at [[Fatehpur, Rajasthan]] and [[Jhunjhunu]]
* ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]'', at [[Udaipur]]
* ''[[Guide (film)|Guide]]'', at [[Udaipur]], [[Chittorgarh]]
* ''[[Dhanak]]'' at Jaisalmer
* ''[[Gulaal]]'' at [[Jaipur]]
* ''[[Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne]]'' at [[Jaisalmer]]
* ''[[Highway]]'', at Bikaner
* ''[[Holy Smoke!]]'', at Jaipur
* ''[[Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]'', at Bada Bagh, Jaisalmer
* ''[[Hum Saath-Saath Hain: We Stand United]]'', at [[Jodhpur]]
* ''[[Humraaz]]'' (Bobby Deol), at [[Jaigadh Fort, Jaipur]]
* ''[[I Am Kalam]]'', at Bikaner
* ''[[Jai Ho Beimaan Ki]]'', at Udaipur
* ''[[Jab We Met]]'', at [[Mandawa]]
* ''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|The Jewel in the Crown]]'', at Udaipur
* ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]''<ref name="jaipurbeat"/>
* ''[[Jhinder Bondi]]'' at [[Udaipur]]
* ''[[The Jungle Book (1994 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' (1994), at [[Mehrangarh Fort]]
* ''[[Kaalo]]'', at [[Jodhpur]], [[Jaisalmer]]
* ''[[Karan Arjun]]'', at [[Sariska Palace, Alwar]]
* ''[[Khoobsurat (Sonam Kapoor)]]'', at [[Laxmi Niwas, Bikaner]]<ref name="jaipurbeat"/>
* ''[[Lamhe]]'', at [[Kanak Vrindavan and Shishodia Garden, Jaipur]]
* ''[[Lekin]]''
* ''[[Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki]]'', at Udaipur
* ''[[Manorama Six Feet Under]]'' at [[Jhunjhunu]]
* ''[[Meera]]''
* ''[[Mera Saaya]]'', at Udaipur
* ''[[Mimi (2021 Hindi film)|Mimi]]'', at [[Mandawa]], [[Jhunjhunu district|Jhunjhunu]]
* ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'', at Jaipur<ref name="jaipurbeat"/>
* ''[[Namastey London]]'', at Ajmer Dargah
* ''[[Nanhe Jaisalmer]]''
* ''[[Nayak (2001 Hindi film)|Nayak]]'', at [[Junagarh Fort|Junagarh]], [[Bikaner]]
* ''[[Octopussy]]'', at Udaipur
* ''[[Om-Dar-Ba-Dar]]'', at [[Pushkar]]
* ''[[One Water (documentary)|One Water]]''
* ''[[Paheli (2005 film)|Paheli]]'', at Nawalagarh, [[Jhunjhunu]]<ref name="jaipurbeat"/>
* ''[[Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran]]'', at [[Pokhran]], [[Jaisalmer]]
* ''[[Pinjar (film)|Pinjar]]'' in [[Sri Ganganagar district]]
* ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'', at Mandawa, [[Jhunjhunu]]
* ''[[Prem Ratan Dhan Payo]]'', at Udaipur
* ''[[Rang De Basanti]]'' at Nahargarh Fort, [[Jaipur]]<ref name="jaipurbeat"/>
* ''[[Road, Movie]]'' (2010), at Jaisalmer
* ''[[Rudaali]]''
* ''[[Saajan Chale Sasural]]'', at Sariska Palace
* ''[[Shakespeare Wallah]]'', at City Palace, [[Alwar]]
* ''[[Shakti: The Power]]'', Kkhejadala Fort, Jodhpur
* ''[[Sher (film)|Sher]]'', at [[Jaipur, Rajasthan]]
* ''[[Siddhartha (1972 film)|Siddhartha]]'', at [[Deeg]], [[Shri Mahaveer Ji (town)|Shri Mahaveer Ji]]
* ''[[Soldier (1998 Indian film)|Soldier]]''
* ''[[Sonar Kella]]'', at Jaisalmer
* ''[[Sooper Se Ooper]]'', at [[Mandawa]], [[Jhunjhunu]]
* ''[[Shuddh Desi Romance]]'', at Jodhpur, Mehrangarh Fort, [[Johari Bazar, Jaipur]]<ref name="jaipurbeat"/>
* ''[[Sultnat]]''
* ''[[Trishna (2011 film)|Trishna]]'', at [[Jaipur]]
* ''[[Veer (2010 film)|Veer]]'', at [[Jodhpur]], Jaipur
* ''[[Yaadein (2001 film)|Yaadein]]'', at [[Udaipur]]
* ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'', at [[Bagore-ki-Haveli]]
* ''[[Beta (film)|Beta]]'', at [[Kanak Vrindavan, Jaipur]]
* ''[[Sabse Bada Khiladi]]'', at [[Birla Mandir, Jaipur]]
* ''[[Lal Badshah]]'', at [[Jaipur]]
* ''[[Mrityudata]]'' [[Gaurav Towers, Jaipur]]
* ''[[Bhool Bhulaiya]]'', at [[Chomu Palace (Jaipur)|Chomu Palace]], [[Jaipur, Rajasthan]]<ref name="jaipurbeat"/>
* ''[[Zubeida]]'', at [[Narain Niwas Palace, Jaipur]]<ref name="jaipurbeat"/>
* ''[[Taawdo The Sunlight (Rajasthani Film)]]'', at [[Bikaner]]
* ''[[Baadshaho]]'', at [[Bikaner]]
* ''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster 3]]'', at [[Bikaner]]
* ''[[Firangi]]'', at [[Bikaner]]
* ''[[Koi Laut Ke Aaya Hai]]'', at [[Bikaner]]
* ''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]'', at [[Bikaner]]
* ''[[Qarib Qarib Single]]'', at [[Bikaner]]
* ''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]'', at [[Mehrangarh]], [[Jodhpur]]
* ''[[The Eken: Ruddhaswas Rajasthan]]'', at [[Jodhpur]], [[Jaisalmer]] and [[Kuldhara]]
* ''[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt28717401/?ref_=tt_urv Nuchwana]'', at [[Lordi Daijagra]]

== See also ==
*[[Tourism in Rajasthan]]
*[[List of attractions in Jaipur]]
*[[Palace on Wheels]]
*[[Tourist Attractions in Udaipur]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://ibomma-telugu.movie/hollywood-and-bollywood-movies-shooted-in-rajasthan/ Hollywood and Bollywood movies that were filmed at Rajasthan]

{{Rajasthan}}
{{inc-film|date=October 2021}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Films shot in Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Rajasthan-related lists|Films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Lists of films shot in India|Rajasthan]]

Deanna Syme Tewari

2025-10-17T09:27:35Z

RosariaE70: Put up first info first draft

{{Short description|Indian track and field athlete (1939–2024)}}
'''Deanna Syme Tewari''' (1939 – 28 March 2024) was an Indian athlete from [[Bangalore]] in 1950s and early 1960s. She was the torch bearer for India in the [[1982 Asian Games]] in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thyagarajan |first=Roshan |title=Deanna Syme Tewari: Athlete, teacher, coach, legend |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/other-sports/deanna-syme-tewari-athlete-teacher-coach-legend-2959483 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=The Hindu Archives |date=1963-05-22 |title=Image ID: 158048548 |url=https://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=158048548 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=www.thehinduimages.com}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Syme was born to Phyllis Syme and Cyril Syme in [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]]. Both her parents were sprinters and she also took to sports as many of her family members were into sports. Her aunt Marjorie Suares took part in the [[1951 Asian Games]] at Delhi and her uncle Arthur Suares was into boxing at the National level. She did her schooling at [[St. John's High School, Bangalore|St. John's high school]] and St. Francis Xavier high school in Cleveland Town. Later, she did her college at [[Mount Carmel College, Bangalore|Mount Carmel College]]. She taught history in [[Calcutta]] (now Kolkata) and returned to Bangalore and became a teacher at Sophia girls' high school. She then moved to Dubai in 1993 where she continued to teach English and was recognized for her dedication.

== Career ==
She started taking part in long jump during her school days and played the inter-university tournament in 1956 when she was in Mount Carmel College. She represented the [[Mysore State|Mysore state]] and won the long jump gold at the National Athletics Championship at Bangalore in 1957 beating her aunt Marjorie's record.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-01 |title=Former Asiad star Deanna Syme Tewari passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/former-asiad-star-deanna-syme-tewari-passes-away/article68017126.ece |access-date=2024-04-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Her aunt also captained the Mysore state in hockey and basketball.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2024-04-02 |title=Former long jump champ Deanna passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/former-long-jump-champ-deanna-passes-away/articleshow/108955941.cms |access-date=2024-04-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She went on to create a National record the next year at the 1958 National Games at Cuttack which stood for a long time till Reeth Abraham broke it. In 1962, she represented India at the [[1962 Asian Games|Asian Games in Jakarta]] and reached the semifinals in 800m.<ref name=":0" /> She was the torch bearer at 1982 games at home.<ref name=":0" /> In 1964, she was selected for a tour of West Germany, Netherlands and Switzerland along with Milkha Singh and Gurbachan Singh Randhawa.<ref name=":0" />

Her funeral was held at Ascension Church, Bengaluru.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tewari, Deanna Syme}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian women sprinters]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sportswomen]]

Fukche Advanced Landing Ground

2025-10-13T16:49:06Z

RosariaE70: Put up initial data from scratch

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Fukche Advanced Landing Ground
| image = Aerial view of runway of Fukche Advance landing ground.jpg
| image-width = 270px
| IATA =
| ICAO = VI66<ref name="Fukche_Airbase"/>
| type = Military
| operator = [[Indian Air Force]]
| location = [[Ladakh]], [[India]]
| elevation-f = 13700
| coordinates ={{Coord|32|56|15|N|79|12|48|E|type:airport_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India Ladakh#India
| pushpin_label = '''Fukche'''
}}
{{OSM Location map
| coord = {{coord|32.944|79.232}} 
| float = right 
| zoom = 12
| width = 275
| height = 275
| caption = {{center| Fukche near the [[Line of Actual Control|LAC]]}}

| label = Fukche
| mark-title = Fukche
| mark-description = Indian Army base with an Fukche Advanced Landing Ground
| mark-coord = {{coord|32|56|15|N|79|12|48|E}}
| mark = Green pog.svg 
| mark-size = 9
| mark-image =
| label-size = 10
| label-color = dark grey
| label-pos = bottom
| shape =
| shape-color =
| shape-outline =
}}

'''Fukche Advanced Landing Ground'''<ref>[https://airportguide.com/airport/info/VI66 Fukche Advanced Landing Ground Airport], airortguide.com, retrieved 10 October 2019.</ref> {{Airport codes||VI66}}<ref name="Fukche_Airbase">{{cite web|url=https://www.world-airport-codes.com/india/fukche-advanced-landing-ground-83856.html|title=Fukche Airbase Code|work=World Airport Codes|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref> is an [[airfield]] in the [[Demchok sector]] of the union territory of [[Ladakh]], India. It was built shortly before the 1962 [[Sino-Indian War]] and was revived in 2008. It is located adjacent to Koyul, 34 km northwest of Demchok.

==Geography==

The Fukche Landing Ground is in the [[Koyul Lungpa]] river valley, close to the confluence of the river with the [[Indus River]] (called "Sengge Zangbo" locally). The [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC) with China, which runs along the Indus River, is only 2.5 kilometres away.<ref>{{citation |title=IAF aircraft lands at a forward base on India-China border |newspaper=Thaindian News |date=4 November 2008 |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/iaf-aircraft-lands-at-a-forward-base-on-india-china-border_100115014.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212084010/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/iaf-aircraft-lands-at-a-forward-base-on-india-china-border_100115014.html |archive-date=12 February 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Beyond the LAC is Chinese-controlled [[Demchok sector]] up to the Chang La pass (also called Xingong La).

[[Skakjung]] pastureland, which runs along the right bank of Indus river from China-administered [[Dumchele]] and Tsoskar Lake in south to India-administered [[Nyoma#Geography|Dungti]]-Loma in north, lies on the right bank of Indus river and north of Koyul.

==History==
The landing ground was first prepared in 1961 in advance of the 1962 [[Sino-Indian war]]. It was the sixth such landing ground to be prepared in Ladakh, starting with Leh in 1948 (which was in the midst of the [[First Kashmir War]]). According to a retired Army officer, "The Landing Grounds were built on grounds that were hard, barren and sandwiched between almost a range of parallel running mountains. At most places it was a question of removing boulders, filling potholes and generally leveling the ground. The good old infantry equipment of a pick axe, shovel and crow bar came in very handy."<ref>{{citation |last=Rao |first=Nirupama Menon |author-link=Nirupama Rao |title=The Fractured Himalaya: India Tibet China : 1949 to 1962 |publisher=Penguin Random House |year=2022 |isbn=9780670088294 |at=Chapter 15}}</ref>

After the 1962 [[Sino-Indian war]], the airstrip fell out of use. It was reopened on 4 November 2008 by the [[Indian Air Force]], when an [[AN-32]] transport aircraft was successfully landed there.<ref>
{{citation |title=IAF craft makes successful landing near China border |newspaper=NDTV News |date=2008 |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080071230 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905091342/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080071230 |archive-date=5 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}
</ref><ref name=Telegraph>
Sujan Dutta, [https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/iaf-lands-on-ladakh-strip/cid/525104 IAF lands on Ladakh strip], ''The Telegraph'', 4 November 2008.
</ref>
The reactivation of the landing ground, along with another reactivation of the [[Daulat Beg Oldi]] airstrip earlier in May of the same year, allows Indian forces to deploy faster and in greater numbers, which China is believed to have taken as a threat.<ref>Sujan Dutta, [https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/delhi-spies-airstrip-design-in-china-tents-beijing-sees-threat-in-advanced-landing-strips-in-forward-areas-seeks-their-closure/cid/297092 Delhi spies airstrip design in China tents], The Telegraph (India), 30 April 2013.</ref> During the [[2013 Depsang standoff]], China demanded the bunkers being constructed at Fukche be stopped. But the Indians pointed out the constant upgrading of the Chinese infrastructure on their side of the LAC. In the end, the Chinese disengaged at Despang without insisting on concessions regarding Fukche.{{sfnp|Shishir Gupta, The Himalayan Face-off|2014|loc=Chapter 1 (Introduction): "Indian reasons were quite evident as the PLA was constantly upgrading its infrastructure across eastern Ladakh with roads coming close to the notional LAC and a huge military observation post coming up at Demchok, north of Chumar."}}

==Transport==

===Airfield ===
The military airfield, with no civilian services, has an unpaved gravelly runway of 2 miles length. It accommodates small transport aircraft, meant for inducting or recycling troops at the border.<ref name=Telegraph/>

===Roads===
{{anchor | Highway | Road }}

* India
** "[[Chushul]]-[[Dungti]]-Fukche-[[Demchok, Ladakh|Demchok]] Highway" (CDFD road), along the southern bank of [[Indus River]] which marks the LAC, will be converted to a single-lane 7.45 m wide 135 km long national highway with paved shoulder. [[Chushul]] and Fukche Airstrips lie along this highway. It will also provide faster access to the [[Nyoma]] airbase.<ref name=cdfd1>[https://www.news18.com/news/india/exclusive-counter-to-china-bro-starts-process-for-135-km-road-near-lac-from-chushul-to-demchok-6902071.html BRO starts process for 135-km road near LAC from Chushul to Demchok], News18, 24 Jan 2023.</ref> Road will be completed and commission by December 2025 (as of May 2025).<ref name=newupdt1>[https://www.freepressjournal.in/analysis/indias-world-class-border-infrastructure-development-along-the-lac-accelerates-strategic-readiness India’s World-Class Border Infrastructure Development Along The LAC Accelerates Strategic Readiness] Free Press, 9 May 2025.</ref> Beyond Dungti-Chushul the road connects to [[Leh]] in the west and via [[Hanle_(village)#Transport|Hanle]] to the mainland India.

{{anchor|HPLFR}}
** "Hanle-Photi La-Fukche Road" (HPLFR): Photi La (Foti La, not to be confused with Fotu/Photu La on Kargil-Leh Road) is east-southeast of Hanle, this route runs from Hanle and Photi La to Katley-Lekeng Yok-[[Koyul]]/Koyl-Fuckhe.

{{anchor|LMFL}}
** "Likaru-Mig La-Fukche Road" (LMLF Road), 64 km long route through 19,400 ft [[Mig La]], commencement of construction was announced by the BRO on 15 August 2023. After the completion in 2025, it overtook the "[[Chisumle]]-Demchok Road" (via [[Umling La]], 19,300 ft) as world's highest motorable road. Road via Umling La already passes at a height higher than the base camp of world's tallest mountain, the [[Mount Everest]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bro-begins-construction-of-world-s-highest-motorable-road-in-ladakh-s-demchok-sector-101692124385333.html | title=On Independence Day, BRO begins work on key road in Ladakh sector | newspaper=Hindustan times | date=16 August 2023}}</ref> Likaru, also spelled as Lekaru, is lightly northwest of Hanle on Hanle-Sangrak (military logistics base)-Kiarlakle-Likaru-Pampakarule-Rhongo/Rongoo-Loma-Mood-Nyoma route. Mig La is east-northeast of Likaru.

* China
** [[China National Highway 219|G219]], also called the "Sengge Zangbo Highway", along the [[Sengge Zangbo]] River (TIbbetan name of Indus River) adjacent to the LAC.

** Branch roads from G219 to [[Pangong Tso]], [[Spanggur Tso]], and Dumchele.

==See also==
* [[India-China Border Roads#Border airport and ALG projects|List of Indian ALGs]]
* [[Sino-Indian border dispute#Command|India-China military deployment on LAC]]
* [[India-China Border Roads]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |last=Gupta |first=Shishir |title=The Himalayan Face-Off: Chinese Assertion and the Indian Riposte |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Ig5AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT36 |year=2014 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-5009-606-2 |ref={{sfnref|Shishir Gupta, The Himalayan Face-off|2014}}}}

==Further reading==
* Air Marshal K. K. Nohwar, [http://capsindia.org/files/documents/CAPS_ExpertView_KKN_07.pdf Pace of Infrastructure Development in Border Areas: Adequate?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518075121/https://capsindia.org/files/documents/CAPS_ExpertView_KKN_07.pdf |date=18 May 2021 }}, Centre for Air Power Studies, 13 March 2018

== External links==
* [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/iaf-to-have-7-operational-advanced-landing-grounds-in-arunachal-pradesh-in-a-month/articleshow/49809013.cms?from=mdr IAF's ALG]

{{Ladakh}}
{{Indian Air Force}}

[[Category:Indian Air Force bases]]
[[Category:Airports in Ladakh]]
[[Category:Transport in Leh]]
[[Category:Military airbases established in 1961]]

Ahangküha

2025-10-13T04:22:50Z

RosariaE70: added info!

{{Short description|Traditional headgear in Nagaland}}
{{wikt|āhàngkǜhā}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Types of Headgear
| native_name = Ahangküha
| official_name = Ahangküha archived in [[Patsho]]
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 290
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/1
| image1 = Hornbill Festival-2018.Tribal Dance.JPG|thumb|center|Folkdance
| image2 = Patsho Khiamniungan man with Ahangküha headgear.jpg|thumb|Patsho Khiamniungan man with Ahangküha headgear
| image3 = Patsho Khiamniungan Ahangküha headgear diff.jpg|thumb|Patsho Khiamniungan Ahangküha headgear diff
| image4 = Patsho Khiamniungan Ahangküha headgear.jpg|thumb|Patsho Khiamniungan Ahangküha headgear
}}}}'''Ahangküha''' is a traditional [[headgear]] of the [[Khiamniungans]] in [[Nagaland]]. It is only worn during folkdancing of the regular annual tribal and village festivals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/capt-navtej-s-156208b8_the-men-of-the-khiamniungan-tribe-nagaland-activity-7212107636081582081-OlE6/|title=Capt navtej s Khiamniungan tribe|date=November 14, 2024|website=www.linkedin.com}}</ref>

== History ==
In the olden days such conical hats, leggings ([[Hokthie]]), gauntlet etc. were made by the Khiamniungans and traded with other neighbouring communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/44020548/Nagaland_and_Nagas_of_Manipur/|title= NAGALAND AND NAGAS OF MANIPUR Vibha Josh- ''Page-2''|date= Nov 19, 2024|website=www.academia.edu}}</ref>

== Craft ==

The frame of the hat is fine cane usually in red colour with red goats' hair and hornbill feathers on top frequently with a chain of tigers' claws that hangs around the chin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wwwe.lib.cam.ac.uk/nagas/record/r68552.html/|title=The Nagas Hill Peoples of Northeast India-manuscript - Christoph von Furer-Haimendorf, Naga diary three|date=Nov 17, 2024|website=wwwe.lib.cam.ac.uk}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Some are decorated with double transparent flat horns on both sides.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wwwe.lib.cam.ac.uk/nagas/record/r68575.html/|title=The Nagas Hill Peoples of Northeast India-manuscript - Christoph von Furer-Haimendorf, Naga diary three|date=Nov 17, 2024|website=wwwe.lib.cam.ac.uk}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> These are made from mithan's horn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kohimaeducationaltrust.net/resource-material/documents/the-pangsha-letters.pdf|title=The Pangsha Letters-An Expedition to Rescue Slaves in the Naga Hills - J. P. Mills With an introduction by his daughter Geraldine Hobson -''Panso Section'' - ''Hat picture''|date= Nov 17, 2024|website=kohimaeducationaltrust.net}}</ref>

== Significance ==
These are made using more than twelve materials collected from the wild having a historical significance on each items. However, now people engaged in their making have difficulty in even sourcing the raw materials. To make authentic and need to be replaced with synthetic ones. Authentic headgear, is crafted from materials like [[tiger claws]], [[wild boar teeth]], [[hornbill feathers]] signifying wealth, wild goat hair, bear hair etc. all collectively signifies immense bravery and victory over enemies. Now, such materials are scarce and need to be replaced with synthetic ones.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.morungexpress.com/weaving-a-naga-headgear-a-craft-slowly-disappearing/|title=Weaving a Naga headgear, a craft slowly disappearing-The Morung Express|date=November 14, 2024|website=www.morungexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/kohima-nagaland-india-december-1-2007-2215541445/|title=KOHIMA, NAGALAND, INDIA - December 1, 2007 : Naga tribesmen traditional outfit and headgear at Hornbill Festival|date=November 14, 2024|website=www.shutterstock.com}}</ref>[[File:Patsho Khiamniungan folk dance (Ahang).webm|thumb|Short version of [[Patsho]] folk dance at [[Shiemong]] where [[headgear]] can be clearly seen]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian folk dances| ]]
[[Category:Indian culture-related lists]]
[[Category:India dance-related lists]]
[[Category:Naga people]]
[[Category:Noklak district]]

Tanushree Chatterjee

2025-10-03T11:30:51Z

RosariaE70: added the stub nd citations

{{Short description|Indian Bhojpuri actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox actor
| name = Tanushree Chatterjee
| image =
| image caption = Chatterjee in 2024
| birth_date = 5 April
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| years_active = 2006- Present
| notable_works = ''[[Jaan Tere Naam (2012 film)|Jaan Tere Naam]]'', ''[[Dulhan Chahi Pakistan Se]]'', ''[[Dulaara (2015 film)|Dulaara]]''
}}
'''Tanushree Chatterjee''' (born 5 April)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-05 |title=Happy birthday, Tanushree Chatterjee; Best Bhojpuri films of the actress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/happy-birthday-tanushree-chatterjee-best-bhojpuri-films-of-the-actress/photostory/90661311.cms |access-date=2024-08-12 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> is an Indian actress who primarily works in [[Bhojpuri cinema|Bhojpuri films]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tanushree Chatterjee Movies: Latest and Upcoming Films of Tanushree Chatterjee{{!}} Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Tanushree-Chatterjee/movies |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> She ventured into Bhojpuri films with [[Jaan Tere Naam (2012 film)|Jaan Tere Naam (2012)]]. Tanushree established herself as a leading [[Bhojpuri region|Bhojpuri]] actress with successful films such as, [[Dulaara (2015 film)|''Dulaara'']](2015), ''[[Dulhan Chahi Pakistan Se]]'' (2016), ''Chhaila Sandhu'' (2021), ''[[Darar 2]]'' (forthcoming), and ''Badhayi ho'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-03 |title=Tanushree unveils the poster of the upcoming film 'Badhai Ho' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/tanushree-unveils-the-poster-of-the-upcoming-film-badhai-ho/articleshow/102375137.cms |access-date=2024-08-11 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Hema |title=Bhojpuri Hot Song: खेसारी और तनुश्री ने किया 'पलंग तोड़' रोमांस |url=https://e24bollywood.com/entertainment/bhojpuri-hot-song-khesari-and-tanushree-hit-song-bhatar-maja-bahari-trend-on-youtube/357580/ |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=E24 Bollywood |language=hi |archive-date=12 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812032000/https://e24bollywood.com/entertainment/bhojpuri-hot-song-khesari-and-tanushree-hit-song-bhatar-maja-bahari-trend-on-youtube/357580/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Alpana |date=2023-05-01 |title=Pawan Singh and Tanushree Chatterjee's Devar Bhabhi 'Natkhat Athkheliyan' is sure to steal your heart, watch their sizzling performance on 'Devar Keisa' that's winning hearts, video |url=https://www.dnpindia.in/videos/pawan-singh-and-tanushree-chatterjees-natkhat-athkheliyan-on-devar-keisa-watch-video/222102/ |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=DNP INDIA |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Vivek |title=Video: बिग बॉस के घर से बाहर निकलकर तनुश्री चटर्जी के साथ 'सोफा सेट पे' रोमांस करते दिखे खेसारी |url=https://www.newsnationtv.com/entertainment/bollywood/khesari-lal-yadav-and-tanushree-chatterjee-dance-on-sofa-set-pe-goes-viral-youtube-121051.html |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=www.newsnationtv.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-16 |title=Tanushree Chatterjee's bathroom dance video went viral on the internet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/tanushree-chatterjees-bathroom-dance-video-went-viral-on-the-internet/articleshow/93589548.cms |access-date=2024-08-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Co-actors
!Language
!
|-
|2011
|''Hu Tari Meera Ne''
''Tu Maro Shyam Re''
|Keshto Iqbal, Dhawan Mewada
|Gujrati
|{{fact|date=April 2025}}
|-
|2012
|Bhai ji
|Viraj Bhatt, Brijesh Tripathi
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2012
|[[Jaan Tere Naam (2012 film)|Jaan Tere Naam]]
|[[Khesari Lal Yadav]], Viraj Bhatt
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jaan Tere NaamUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movie-details/jaan-tere-naam/movieshow/61217501.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|Jaanwar
|Viraj Bhatt, Priya Sharma
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jaanwar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movie-details/jaanwar/movieshow/89504337.cms |access-date=2024-08-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|Dand Bhumi
|Viraj Bhatt, [[Mushtaq Khan]]
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2013
|Kanchan Man Ganga Tan Tulshi
|Deepak Dube
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanchan Mann Ganga Tan Tulsi on Moviebuff.com |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/kanchan-mann-ganga-tan-tulsi |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Moviebuff.com}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|Panchayat
|[[Kajal Raghwani|Kajal raghwani]], Viraj Bhatt
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2013
|Tuhi To Meri Jaan Ho Radha
|Viraj Bhatt
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2013
|Ziddi Ashiq
|[[Pawan Singh]]
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jag Hai Pa Jata: मोनालिसा को बांहों में भरकर झमझमाती बरसात में नाचे पवन सिंह, 'जिद्दी आशिक' का ये गाना नहीं सुना क्या! |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/bhojpuri/pawan-singh-monalisa-ka-gana-bhojpuri-movie-ziddi-aashiq/videoshow/101846542.cms |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|Fir Daulat Ki Jung
|[[Akshara Singh]], Viraj Bhatt
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2014
|Shola Shabnam
|[[Khesari Lal Yadav]]
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-10 |title=Khesari Lal in Shola Shabnam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-in-shola-shabnam/articleshow/35835976.cms |access-date=2024-08-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|[[Dulaara (2015 film)|''Dulaara'']]
|[[Pradeep Pandey]], [[Awdhesh Mishra]], [[Rani Chatterjee]]
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2015
|Hukumat
|[[Pawan Singh]], [[Kajal Raghwani]]
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2015
|Madhubala
|Rakesh Mishra
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2015
|Nahle Pe Dahla
|[[Pawan Singh]]
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2015
|Tere Ishq Me Ho Gaya Main Ishqbaaz
|Rakesh Mishra
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2016
|Dharm Ke Saudagar
|[[Ravi Kishan]]
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-07-18 |title=Bhojpuri News: धर्म के सौदागर बने Ravi Kishan, देखें एक्टर का अनदेखा टशन |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/bhojpuri-cinema/kari-kajrari-re-ankhiyan-bhojpuri-movie-song-dharam-ke-saudagar-2170510 |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|Dil Hai Ki Manta Nahi
|Rakesh Mishra, Viraj Bhatt
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2016
|''[[Dulhan Chahi Pakistan Se]]''
|[[Pradeep Pandey]], [[Shubhi Sharma]]
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2016
|Jwala
|[[Khesari Lal Yadav]], Brajesh Tripathi
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhojpuri Video Song: तनुश्री का यौवन देख मचला खेसारी लाल का मन, नहीं हो रहा वेट, बोले- मिलनवा सोफा सेट पे होई |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/bhojpuri/sofa-set-pe-khesari-lal-yadav-tanushree-chatterjee-romantic-bhojpuri-hit-songs-from-jwala-watch/videoshow/106417457.cms |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|Le Aaaib Dulhaniya Pakistan Se
|[[Awdhesh Mishra]],Vishal Singh
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=भारत-पाक तनाव के बीच हिट हुई फिल्म- 'ले आईब दुल्हनिया पाकिस्तान से' - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-india-pakistan-relationship-based-bhojpuri-film-now-hit-in-cinema-halls-14829918.html |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|Teri Meri Aashiqui
|Sujit Kumar Puri
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2017
|The Power Of Dahshat
|Priyanka Pandit, Satendra Singh
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2017
|Trishool
|Arvind Akela Kallu, [[Anjana Singh]]
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2017
|Rangeela
|[[Pradeep Pandey]], Punam Dube,[[Awdhesh Mishra]]
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2018
|Awara Balam
|Arvind Akela Kallu,Priyanka Pandit
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='आवारा बलम' मे तनुश्री और प्रियंका पंडित के साथ रोमांस करते नजर आएंगे 'कल्लू' - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-bhojpuri-film-awara-balam-treasure-launched-17712582.html |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|Shadi Kar Ke Phas Gaya Yaar
|Aaditya Ojha, Neha Shree
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2019
|Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge
|Rishabh Kashyap
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-03-29 |title=Rishabh Kashyap Golu and Tanushree Chatterjee starrer 'Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge' trailer unveiled |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/rishabh-kashyap-golu-and-tanushree-chatterjee-starrer-dulhan-hum-le-jayenge-trailer-unveiled/articleshow/68628398.cms |access-date=2024-08-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|Jawani Ki Rail Kahi Choot Na Jaye
|Arvind Akela Kallu
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dhiman |first=Nikshey |date=2023-07-05 |title=Tanushree Chatterjee's sizzling invitation to Arvind Akela on 'E Awaara Ke Kismat' is way too enthralling; watch video |url=https://www.dnpindia.in/videos/tanushree-chatterjees-sizzling-invitation-to-arvind-akela-on-e-awaara-ke-kismat-is-way-too-enthralling-watch-video/260516/ |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=DNP INDIA |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|Main Super King Don Hu
|Pramod Premi Yadav
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2020
|Yaar Badal Na Jaana
|Pramod Premi Yadav
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-25 |title=PHOTOS: भोजपुरी फिल्म 'यार बदल न जाना' की शूटिंग पूरी, सेट से वायरल हुईं तस्वीरें |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/bhojpuri-bhojpuri-film-yaar-badal-na-jana-shooting-completed-see-photos-3352349.html |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|Chhaila Sandhu
|Rahul Singh
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=भोजपुरी होली गाना यमुना तट आई सज धज के रिलीज, देखें छैला संदु - ए ट्राइबल लव स्टोरी का वायरल वीडियो |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bhojpuri/latest-bhojpuri-holi-song-of-film-chhaila-sandhu-a-tribal-love-story-viral-on-youtube/1095802 |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|More Rang De Piya Ke Rang Sajana
|Sangram Singh
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-04 |title=Bhojpuri Film 'मोहे रंग दे प्यार के रंग सजना' में दिखेगा तनुश्री और संग्राम सिंह का जलवा |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-tanushree-and-sangram-singh-in-bhojpuri-film-mohe-rang-de-pyar-ke-rang-sajna-entpks-3447766.html |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|Sajai Na Doli
|Gunjan singh
|Bhojpuri
|
|-
|2022
|Mor Maya La Rakhe Rahibe
|Siraj Anwar Sayyed
|Chhattisgarhi
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-12 |title=छत्तीसगढ़ी फिल्म मोर मया ला राखे रहिबे रिलीज, भोजपुरी फिल्म स्टार बिपिन सिंह प्रतिभा पांडेय पांडेय प्रमोशन में आए |url=https://www.naidunia.com/chhattisgarh/raipur-chhattisgarhi-film-mor-maya-la-rakhe-rahibe-released-bhojpuri-film-star-bipin-singh-pratibha-pandey-came-in-the-promotion-7734410 |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Nai Dunia |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|Dil Dhak Dhak Kare
|Arvind Akela Kallu
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-19 |title=YouTube पर रिलीज हुई अरविन्द अकेला कल्लू की नई Bhojpuri Movie 'दिल धक धक करे', क्लिक करके देखें अभी के अभी |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-arvind-akela-kallu-and-tanushree-chatterjee-starrer-new-bhojpuri-movie-dil-dhak-dhak-kare-release-on-youtube-bhojpuri-mogi-watch-here-4330064.html |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|Namak Harram
|Ashi Tiwari, Mahi Khan
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=Mahi Khan Photos: 'नमक हराम' में हुई एक्ट्रेस माही खान की एंट्री, बारिश में शूट हुआ रोमांटिक गाना, देखिए झलक |url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/bhojpuri-mahi-khan-romantic-photos-from-bhojpuri-film-namak-haraam-romantic-sequence-raya-4355753.html |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|Badhayi ho
|Sumit Chandravanshi
| rowspan="2" |Bhojpuri
|
|-
|[[Namak Haram (2023 Film)|Namak Haram]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=Bhojpuri Film first Poster: माही खान-प्राची सिंह के बाद 'नमक हराम' में तनुश्री की एंट्री, फर्स्ट पोस्टर रिलीज |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bhojpuri-bhojpuri-film-namak-haraam-first-poster-tanushree-chatterjee-seema-singh-mahi-khan-see-pics-raya-4358060.html |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|Agnisakshi
|[[Pradeep Pandey]], [[Akshara Singh]]
|Bhojpuri
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=अग्निसाक्षी का ट्रेलर रिलीज, देवर के लिए बहू लाकर बुरी फंसी अक्षरा सिंह, घर में आया तूफान |url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/agnisakshi-trailer-released-pradeep-pandey-chintu-akshara-singh-and-tanu-shree-bhojpuri-film-trailer-5853013 |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=ndtv.in |language=hi}}</ref>
|}
Forthcoming
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Film
!Co-actor
!Language
|-
|''[[Darar 2]]''
|[[Kajal Raghwani]],[[Anjana Singh]],[[Shubhi Sharma]],[[Ritesh Pandey (singer)]]
|Bhojpuri
|-
|[[Lachhminiya]]
|Sagar Singh
|Hindi
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{imdb name|10948711|Tanushree Chatterjee}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chatterjee, Tanushree}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bhojpuri cinema]]

Chandrakant Patil

2025-09-07T23:11:14Z

RosariaE70: fixed issues

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1959)}}
{{other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = The Guardian Minister, Maharashtra, Shri Chandrakantdada Patil addressing at the inauguration of the Public Information Campaign, at Gadhinglaj, Dist. Kolhapur, Maharashtra on November 06, 2015.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| name = Chandrakant Patil
| office = [[Ministry of Higher and Technical Education (Maharashtra)|Minister of Higher and Technical Education]] [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| term_start = 9 August 2022
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Eknath Shinde]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| predecessor = [[Uday Samant]]
| office1 = [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (Maharashtra)|Minister of Parliamentary Affairs]] [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| term_start1 = 9 August 2022
| 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Eknath Shinde]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| predecessor1 = [[Anil Parab]]
| office2 = [[Ministry of Textiles (Maharashtra)|Minister of Textiles]] [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| term_start2 = 9 August 2022
| term_end2 = 26 November 2024
| 1blankname2 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata2 = [[Eknath Shinde]]
| predecessor2 = [[Aslam Shaikh]]
| successor2 = [[Sanjay Savkare]]
| term_start3 = 31 October 2014
| term_end3 = 8 July 2016
| 1blankname3 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata3 = [[Eknath Shinde]]
| predecessor3 = [[Naseem Khan (politician)|Naseem Khan]]
| successor3 = [[Subhash Deshmukh]]
| office4 = [[Ministry of Agriculture (Maharashtra)|Minister of Agriculture]] [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| term_start4 = 1 June 2018
| term_end4 = 16 June 2019
| 1blankname4 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata4 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| predecessor4 = [[Pandurang Fundkar]]
| successor4 = [[Anil Bonde]]
| office5 = [[Ministry of Revenue (Maharashtra)|Minister of Revenue]] [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| term_start5 = 8 July 2016
| term_end5 = 12 November 2019
| 1blankname5 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata5 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| predecessor5 = [[Eknath Khadse]]
| successor5 = [[Balasaheb Thorat]]
| office6 = [[Ministry of Co-operation (Maharashtra)|Minister of Co-operation]] [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| term_start6 = 31 October 2014
| term_end6 = 8 July 2016
| 1blankname6 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata6 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| predecessor6 = [[Harshvardhan Patil]]
| successor6 = [[Subhash Deshmukh]]
| office7 = [[Ministry of Public Works (Excluding Public Undertakings) (Maharashtra)|Minister of Public Works Department]] [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| term_start7 = 31 October 2014
| term_end7 = 12 November 2019
| 1blankname7 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata7 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| predecessor7 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]]
| successor7 = [[Ashok Chavan]]
| office9 = President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Maharashtra]]
| term_start9 = 16 July 2019
| term_end9 = 12 August 2022
| predecessor9 = [[Raosaheb Danve]]
| successor9 = [[Chandrashekhar Bawankule]]
| office10 = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start10 = 2019
| predecessor10 = [[Medha Vishram Kulkarni|Medha Kulkarni]]
| constituency10 = [[Kothrud Assembly constituency|Kothrud]]
| office11 = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]]
| term_start11 = 20 July 2008
| term_end11 = 25 October 2019
| predecessor11 = Sharad Patil
| successor11 = [[Arun Lad]]
| constituency11 = Pune Graduates
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|06|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay State]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[Siddharth College of Arts, Science and Commerce|Siddharth College]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| residence = Pune, Maharashtra
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse =
| children =
| website = {{URL|https://chandrakantdadapatil.in}}
}}

'''Chandrakant Bacchu Patil''' is an Indian politician and the Higher and technical education minister of [[Maharashtra state]] in the present [[Government of Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maharashtra minister Chandrakant Patil... |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/maharashtra-minister-chandrakant-patil-to-head-panel-on-maratha-quota/article65913413.ece |website=The Hindu|date=20 September 2022 }}</ref> Chandrakant Patil was the [[Maharashtra]] state President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
from 2019 to 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-bjp-chief-chandrakant-patil-1570060-2019-07-16|title=Ahead of Maharashtra elections, BJP appoints minister Chandrakant Patil new state chief
|website=India Today|accessdate=3 April 2021}}</ref>

He is a member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly of Maharashtra]] and represents the [[Kothrud Assembly constituency]]. Previously, he was a minister with portfolio of Revenue and [[Public works|Public Works Department]] and worked as the ''Guardian Minister'' of [[Kolhapur district]], [[Sangli district]] and [[Pune district]] till 12 November 2019.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

==Early life and education==
Patil was born on 10 June 1959 in the ''Jamnadas Prabhudas Chawl'' in [[Parel]], [[Mumbai]]. His father, Bacchu Patil, used to serve tea to mill workers. He completed schooling at [[Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya]] (formerly King George High School) in [[Dadar]]. He graduated from [[Siddharth College of Arts, Science and Commerce|Siddharth College]] in [[Fort (Mumbai precinct)|Fort]] and graduated with a [[B.Com]] degree in 1980.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Chandrakant Patil |url=https://chandrakantdadapatil.in/en/about#contact |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Row over MU giving degree certificate duplicate to minister Chandrakant Patil in 1 day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/row-over-mu-giving-degree-certificate-duplicate-to-minister-chandrakant-patil-in-1-day/articleshow/99478727.cms |access-date=18 April 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=14 April 2023}}</ref>

==Political career==
{{Expand section|date=December 2022}}
He was introduced to the [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] at the age of 18. In 1980, he started working as a full-time activist for the ABVP.
In 1982, he was appointed the 'Pradesh Mantri'. In 1985, Patil was elected as 'Kshetriya Sangathan Mantri' of the ABVP where he focused on the problems of the youth and student issues.
In 1990, Dada Patil was elected as the Akhil Bharatiya Mantri of ABVP. At this time, he traveled to different districts of India to make people aware of social issues and addressed problems related to the education sector and the youth. In 2004, he joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and was elected as its Vice President in 2013.
In June 2014, he was appointed a member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]]. In October 2014, he was elected as Cabinet Minister of [[Maharashtra]]. He has been holding the Cabinet Minister's office since July 2016 and handling the revenue, relief & rehabilitation, and Public Works department.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.maharashtra.gov.in/1129/Directory |title=निर्देशिका - महाराष्ट्र शासनाचे अधिकृत संकेतस्थळ, भारत |publisher=Maharashtra.gov.in |date= |accessdate=2022-08-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://maharashtra.bjp.org/en/ministers/|title=Ministers - Maharashtra BJP|website=bjp.org|accessdate=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902223956/http://maharashtra.bjp.org/en/ministers/|archive-date=2 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sarkaritel.com/states/council_of_ministers.php?state=MH|title=Sarkaritel.com, : Maharashtra Government, Council of Ministers|website=www.sarkaritel.com|accessdate=2 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kolhapur.nic.in/new/Marathi/main.asp|title=Welcome to Collector Office Kolhapur|website=kolhapur.nic.in|accessdate=2 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dainikprabhat.com/chandrakant-patils-appointment-as-guardian-minister-of-pune/|title = पुण्याच्या पालकमंत्री पदी चंद्रकांत पाटलांची न|date = 7 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/chandrakant-patil-likely-to-replace-girish-bapat-guardian-minister-pune-5769071/|title=Chandrakant Patil likely to replace Girish Bapat as next guardian minister of Pune|website=indianexpress.com|date=7 June 2019|accessdate=7 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="Maharashtra election results: These candidates have won by biggest margins so far">{{cite news |last1=Hindustantimes |date=23 November 2024 |title=Maharashtra election results: These candidates have won by biggest margins so far |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/maharashtra-election-results-these-candidates-have-won-by-biggest-margins-so-far-101732376089333.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124125058/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/maharashtra-election-results-these-candidates-have-won-by-biggest-margins-so-far-101732376089333.html |archive-date=24 November 2024 |access-date=24 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="Maharashtra Elections 2024: 14 candidates win by over 1 lakh votes, all from Mahayuti">{{cite news |last1=CNBCTV18 |date=23 November 2024 |title=Maharashtra Elections 2024: 14 candidates win by over 1 lakh votes, all from Mahayuti |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/maharashtra-elections-2024-14-candidates-win-1-lakh-vote-margin-mahayuti-19513783.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204100945/https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/maharashtra-elections-2024-14-candidates-win-1-lakh-vote-margin-mahayuti-19513783.htm |archive-date=4 December 2024 |access-date=4 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Maharashtra Assembly election results 2024 {{!}} Who won in Pune?">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1=Sruthi |date=23 November 2024 |title=Maharashtra Assembly election results 2024 {{!}} Who won in Pune? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly/maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-who-won-in-pune/article68901246.ece |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124060803/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly/maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-who-won-in-pune/article68901246.ece |archivedate=24 November 2024 |accessdate=12 December 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://chandrakantdadapatil.in/en/ Personal website]

{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, Chandrakant}}
[[Category:Members of the Maharashtra Legislative Council]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:People from Karad]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]

Lalawmpuia Ralte

2025-08-10T07:49:21Z

RosariaE70:

{{short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Lalawmpuia
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Lalawmpuia Ralte
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|10|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]], India
| height = {{height|m=1.65}}
| currentclub = [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]] (on loan from [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]])
| clubnumber =
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| youthyears1 = 2016
| youthclubs1 = [[DSK Shivajians FC|DSK Shivajians]]
| youthyears2 = 2017
| youthclubs2 = [[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|Goa Reserves]]
| years1 = 2019–20
| clubs1 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| caps1 = 0
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2020–
| clubs2 = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| caps2 = 2
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2021–
| clubs3 = → [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]] (loan)
| caps3 = 2
| goals3 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 2017
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-20 football team|India U20]]
| nationalcaps1 = 4
| nationalgoals1 = 3
| club-update = 14:11, 12 December 2020 (UTC)
| ntupdate =
}}

'''Lalawmpuia Ralte''' (born 24 October 1999) is an Indian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for [[I-League]] club [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]], on loan from [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]].

==Career==
Born in Mizoram, Lalawmpuia joined [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] on a three-year deal from [[FC Goa|Goa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2020-21: Hyderabad FC ropes in Lalawmpuia, Fernandes|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl-2020-21-hyderabad-fc-ropes-in-lalawmpuia-sweden-fernandes-fc-goa-pune-fc/article32600578.ece|publisher=sportstar.thehindu.com|date=14 September 2020|accessdate=11 December 2020}}</ref> On 11 December 2020, Lalawmpuia made his professional debut for Indian Super League side Hyderabad FC against [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]].He came on as a 76th minute substitute for the [[Souvik Chakrabarti]] as Hyderabad FC drew the match 1–1.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 December 2020|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/atkmb-vs-hfc-atk-mohun-bagan-vs-hyderabad-fc-isl-live-score-streaming-updates/article33307717.ece|title=ISL 2020-21, ATKMB vs HFC highlights: Victor penalty holds ATK Mohun Bagan to 1-1 draw against Hyderabad|publisher=sportstar.thehindu.com}}</ref>

On 28 July 2021, Lalawmpuia joined [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]] on a season-long loan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://footballexpress.in/lalawmpuia-joins-sudeva-delhi-on-loan/|title=Lalawmpuia joins Sudeva Delhi on loan|website=Football Express|accessdate=30 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/lalawmpuia-ralte-set-to-join-sudeva-delhi-fc-i-league-indian-football-hyderabad-fc/article35593304.ece|title=Lalawmpuia Ralte set to join Sudeva Delhi FC|website=Sportstar|accessdate=28 July 2021}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
===Club===
{{updated|match played 11 December 2020}}<ref name="soccerway">{{soccerway|lalawmpuia/637816}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
|-
!rowspan=2|Club
!rowspan=2|Season
!colspan=3|League
!colspan=2|Cup
!colspan=2|Continental
! colspan="2" |Other
!colspan=2|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
!Apps
!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|2017–18
|
|9
|3
|2
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|
|
|11
|3
|-
|2018–19
|
|6
|1
|
|
| colspan="2" |—
|
|
|6
|1
|-
|2019–20
|
|4
|2
|
|
| colspan="2" |—
|
|
|4
|2
|-
|rowspan=1|[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|[[2020–21 Indian Super League|2020–21]]
|[[Indian Super League]]||2||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—
|
| ||2||0
|-
|[[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]] (loan)
|2020–21
| rowspan="2" |[[I-League]]
|0
|0
|2
|0
| colspan="2" |—
|
|
|2
|0
|-
|
|2021–22
|2
|0
|0
|0
|
|
|
|
|2
|0
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!23||6||4||0||0||0
!
! ||29||6
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/forward-68797-lalawmpuia-profile Indian Super League profile]
* {{soccerway|-lalawmpuia/637816}}

{{Hyderabad FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ralte, Lalawmpuia}}
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Aizawl]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:DSK Shivajians FC players]]
[[Category:FC Goa players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:Sudeva Delhi FC players]]

{{India-footy-forward-stub}}

Bandhail

2025-07-31T09:31:17Z

RosariaE70: added new stub!

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bandhail
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.21624|N|88.20123|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malda district|Malda]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.1888
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6175
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 732124
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 03512
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Uttar]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Gazole (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gazole]]
| website = {{URL|malda.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bandhail''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Gazole (community development block)|Gazole]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Malda Sadar subdivision]] of [[Malda district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

== Geography ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=370| height=320| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|25|8|0|N|88|8|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the northern portion of Malda district (including Chanchal subdivision and Old Malda, Habibpur, Bamangola and Gazole CD blocks)''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Facility, H: historical centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|25|23|34|N|87|59|44|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Chanchal | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Chanchal]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|57|46|N|88|13|55|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Aiho| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Aiho]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|56|40|N|88|14|52|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Baksinagar| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Baksinagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|25|12|58|N|88|12|4|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Bandhail| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=Bandhail (CT)|shape-color4=black| label-size4=13|label-color4=black 
|mark-coord5={{coord|25|0|2|N|88|9|15|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Chhatinamor| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Chhatinamor]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|25|2|46|N|88|9|50|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Jhangra| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Jhangra, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|25|0|10|N|88|16|12|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Kachu Pukur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Kachu Pukur]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|58|59|N|88|14|51|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Kendua| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Kendua, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|25|12|36|N|88|10|35|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Rangabhita| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Rangabhita]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|58|55|N|88|8|25|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Sahapur| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Sahapur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|25|1|15|N|88|8|35|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Malda| numbered11=M| mark-title11=[[Malda, West Bengal]] (M) | shape-color11= #800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|25|4|5|N|88|8|31|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Old Malda| numbered12=M| mark-title12=[[Old Malda]] (M) | shape-color12= #800000
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|57|55|N|88|15|40|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Bulbulchandi| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Bulbulchandi]] (R) |shape-color13=#C40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|25|1|36|N|88|17|9|E}} | label-pos14=top|label14= Habibpur| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Habibpur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color14=#C40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|25|10|50|N|88|9|15|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Hatimari| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Hatimari]] (R) |shape-color15=#C40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|25|12|33|N|88|23|37|E}} | label-pos16=top|label16= Maheshpur| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Maheshpur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color16=#C40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|25|7|31|N|88|22|3|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Pakuahat| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Pakuahat]] (R) |shape-color17=#C40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|54|45|N|88|17|23|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Singhabad| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Singhabad]] (R) |shape-color18=#C40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|25|7|2|N|87|59|17|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Araidanga| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Araidanga]] (R) |shape-color19=#C40000
|mark-coord20={{coord|25|19|6|N|87|50|35|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Daulatnagar| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Daulatnagar]] (R) |shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|25|24|30|N|87|51|59|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Harishchandrapur| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Harishchandrapur]] (R) |shape-color21=#C40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|25|26|15|N|87|51|27|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Khanta| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Khanta]] (R) |shape-color22=#C40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|25|25|12|N|88|4|12|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Kharba| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Kharba]] (R) |shape-color23=#C40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|25|20|36|N|88|0|54|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Malatipur| numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Malatipur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color24=#C40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|25|19|0|N|87|55|22|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Mashaldaha| numbered25=R| mark-title25= [[Mashaldaha]] (R) |shape-color25=#C40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|25|27|30|N|87|52|37|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Pipla Kasimpur| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Pipla Kasimpur]] (R) |shape-color26=#C40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|25|8|47|N|88|1|2|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27= Pukhuria| numbered27=R| mark-title27= [[Pukhuria]] (R) |shape-color27=#C40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|25|11|30|N|87|55|38|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Ratua| numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Ratua]] (R) |shape-color28=#C40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|25|16|33|N|88|0|18|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Samsi| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Samsi, Malda]] (R) |shape-color29=#C40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|25|13|48|N|88|11|21|E}} | label-pos30=top|label30= Gazole| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Gazole Town]] (R) |shape-color30=#C40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|25|9|24|N|88|10|0|E}} | label-pos31=right|label31= Pandua | mark-title31= [[Pandua, Malda]] (H)| numbered31=H |shape-color31=#AA6666
|mark-coord32={{coord|25|2|52|N|88|25|13|E}} | label-pos32=top|label32= Jagjivanpur | mark-title32= [[Jagjivanpur]] (H)| numbered32=H |shape-color32=#AA6666
|mark-coord33={{coord|25|17|30|N|88|4|20|E}}|label33=Mahananda|labela33= River| label-color33 = #77A1CB| label-angle33=100| label-pos33=top| label-size33=10| mark-size33=0| mark-title33 =none
|mark-coord34={{coord|25|11|30|N|87|46|30|E}}|label34= Ganges River| label-color34 = #77A1CB| label-angle34=90| label-pos34=top| label-size34=10| mark-size34=0| mark-title34 =none
|mark-coord35={{coord|25|4|0|N|88|14|0|E}}|label35= Tangon River| label-color35 = #77A1CB| label-angle35=-60| label-pos35=top| label-size35=10| mark-size35=0| mark-title35 =none
|mark-coord36={{coord|25|18|0|N|88|29|0|E}}|label36= Punarbhaba |labela36= River| label-color36 = #77A1CB| label-angle36=-75| label-pos36=top| label-size36=10| mark-size36=0| mark-title36 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|25|6|0|N|88|29|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=70| arc-gapA=4.0| arc-radiusA=0.35
|arc-coordB={{coord|25|21|0|N|87|43|0|E}}|arc-textB= BIHAR| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-100| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.35
|arc-coordC={{coord|24|54|0|N|87|46|0|E}}|arc-textC= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorC=hard grey| arc-angleC=-130| arc-gapC=5.5| arc-radiusC=0.25}}

===Location===
Bandhail is located at {{coord|25.21624|N|88.20123|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
The area shown in the adjacent map covers two physiographic regions – the ''[[Barind Tract|Barind]]'' in the east and the ''tal'' in the west. The eastern part is comparatively high (up to 40 metres above mean sea level at places) and uneven. The soils of the eastern region are "hard salty clays of a reddish hue and the ground is baked hard as iron." It lies to the east of the [[Mahananda River]]. The area lying to the west of the Mahananda River, the ''tal'', is a flat low land and "is strewn with innumerable marshes, [[Beel|bils]] and [[oxbow lake]]s." The ''tal'' area is prone to flooding by local rivers.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 13-15: Physiography |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> The total area is overwhelmingly [[Rural area#India|rural]].<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda |work = Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 9 November 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> There are two important historical/ archaeological sites in the area – [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]] and [[Jagjivanpur]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Page 98: Brief Description of Places of Religious, Historical or Archaeological Importance and Places of Tourist Interest of the District |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Bandhail had a total population of 6,175, of which 3,159 (51%) were males and 3,016 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 639. The total number of literate persons in Bandhail was 4,940 (89.23% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1906_PART_B_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Maldah, Series 20, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 312781, page 26-27|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 12 August 2021}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Maldah'', 2011, Bandhail covered an area of 1.1888 km2. It had 6 km roads with both open and closed drains. The protected water-supply involved overhead tank, tap water from untreated sources, hand pump. It had 1,400 domestic electric connections, 150 road lighting points. Among the medical facilities it had 1 family welfare centre, 1 maternity & child welfare centre, 10 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities, it had 3 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, 1 higher secondary school, 1 general degree college at Kotalhati 2 km away. It had 1 non-formal education centre (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan). Among the social, cultural and recreational facilities it had 1 cinema theatre, 1 auditorium/ community hall, 1 public library, 1 reading room. It produced rice and flour. It had the branch offices of 2 nationalised banks, 2 private commercial banks, 1 cooperative bank, 1 agricultural credit society, 1 non-agricultural credit society.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 775-786; Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 775; Statement III: Civic & Other Amenities, Pages 779-780; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 781-782; Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities: Pages 783-785; Statement VI: Industry & Banking, Page 786 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 8 August 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Malda District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Malda district]]

Palanpur–Bhuj Intercity Express

2025-07-26T08:37:04Z

RosariaE70: Made some place w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Palanpur–Bhuj Intercity Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale = [[Gujarat]]
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Palanpur}} (PNU)
| stops = 11
| end = {{stnlnk|Bhuj}} (BHUJ)
| distance = {{convert|359|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 6 hours 30 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[ICF coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 19151/19152
| speed = {{convert|55|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

'''Palanpur–Bhuj Intercity Express''' is an [[Superfast Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[Western Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Palanpur Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Bhuj}} in India. It is currently being operated with 19151/19152 train numbers on a daily basis.<ref>[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-palanpur-bhuj-intercity-express-19151/4118/132/372 19151 Palanpur - Bhuj Intercity Express]</ref><ref>[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-bhuj-palanpur-intercity-express-19152/5819/369/132 19152 Bhuj - Palanpur Intercity Express]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.irctchelp.in/2016/06/train-time-table-2016.html#wr19 |title=W.e.f 15/8/2018 New Time Table, Western Railway |access-date=6 January 2019 |archive-date=12 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112211712/https://www.irctchelp.in/2016/06/train-time-table-2016.html#wr19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Initially, train ran between Palanpur Junction and {{stnlnk|Gandhidham Junction}}. W.e.f 15-08-2018, It has been extended up to Bhuj based on demand of passenger.

== Service==

*19151/Palanpur–Bhuj Intercity Express has an average speed of 46 km/h and covers 359 km in 7h 50m.
*19152/Bhuj–Palanpur Intercity Express has an average speed of 45 km/h and covers 359 km in 8h.

== Route ==

19151/52 Palanpur–Bhuj
DAMU INTERCITY ELOTRONIC y Express route is via {{stnlnk|Bhildi Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Radhanpur}}, {{stnlnk|Samakhiali Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Gandhidham Junction}}.

==Coach composition==

The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 12 coaches:

* 10 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

==Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Diesel Loco Shed, Vatva|Vatva Loco Shed]] [[WAP-4E]] electric locomotive from Palanpur to Bhuj and vice versa.

==Rake sharing==

The train shares its rake with 59425/59426 [[Gandhidham–Palanpur Passenger]].

== See also ==

* [[Palanpur Junction railway station]]
* [[Bhuj railway station]]
* [[Gandhidham–Palanpur Passenger]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Western India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Palanpur-Bhuj Intercity Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Bhuj]]
[[Category:Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Banaskantha district]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Kerala Pathrika

2025-07-08T07:52:13Z

RosariaE70:

{{Short description|Malayalam language newspaper in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{italic title}}
'''''Kerala Pathrika''''' was the first and earliest [[Malayalam language]] newspaper based in [[Calicut]], [[India]]. Its first issue was published on 19 October 1884.<ref name="travelandculture">{{cite web|url=http://travelandculture.expertscolumn.com/role-journalists-and-writers-freedom-movement-kerala|title=The Role Of Journalists And Writers In Freedom Movement In Kerala|publisher=Travel and culture}}</ref> [[Chengalathu Kunhirama Menon]] was the founder and chief editor of the paper.<ref name="keralamediaacademy">{{cite web|url=http://archive.keralamediaacademy.org/content/kunjirama-menon-chenkulath|title=KUNJIRAMA MENON, CHENKULATH|publisher=Kerala Media Academy|access-date=1 January 2018|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101200044/http://archive.keralamediaacademy.org/content/kunjirama-menon-chenkulath|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
The first issue of ''Kerala Patrika'' was published on October 19, 1884.<ref name="suprabhatham">{{cite web |title=മലയാള പത്രപിതാവായി ഒരു കോഴിക്കോട്ടുകാരൻ |url=https://suprabhaatham.com/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3-%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF-%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81-%E0%B4%95/}}</ref> Kunhirama Menon started the newspaper to support the national movement. Financial help to start a newspaper was provided by two important persons of Malabar, [[Appu Nedungadi]] and Kannambra Valiya Unni Nair. Kunhirama Menon also attended the 1890 editors’ conference in England with [[S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar]] of ''[[The Hindu]]''. The editor placed emphasis on promoting nationalistic feelings and opposing the autocratic functioning of the government. Menon was highly impressed with the working of the [[Calcutta]]-based ''[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]''. It is said that ''Kerala Patrika'' was the first Malayalam newspaper aligned with the [[Indian National Congress]]. After a short interruption in 1930, the paper resumed publication in 1938. Later this newspaper continued publication from Cochin in 1947 for some time. [[Sanjayan]], the noted satirist, was the editor of the newspaper for a short period from 1935.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Sanjayan/Html/Sanjayangraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-02-28 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-02-28}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.zaubacorp.com/company/KERALA-PATHRIKA-PVT-LTD/U22121KL1981PTC003375 ''KERALA PATHRIKA'' PVT LTD]
* [http://www.kozhikode.com/media.htm Media and Communication]
* [http://www.marunadanmalayali.com/column/pusthaka-vich-ram/malayala-achadi-madhyamam-bhoothavum-varthamanavum-by-m-jayaraj-49460 പത്രം, ചരിത്രം]

{{Malayalam journalism}}

[[Category:Defunct newspapers published in India]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Publications established in 1884]]
[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1947]]
[[Category:1884 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1947 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Defunct Malayalam-language newspapers]]

{{india-newspaper-stub}}

Durga Mandir, Varanasi

2025-07-07T15:49:46Z

RosariaE70: Put up the post needs work

{{Short description|Hindu Temple in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Other uses|Durga Mandir (disambiguation){{!}}Durga Mandir}}
{{distinguish|Durga Mandir, Ramnagar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox temple
| image = Durga Temple gate.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Main entrance of Durga Mandir
| map_type = India Uttar Pradesh Varanasi#India Uttar Pradesh
| map_caption = Temple location on [[Varanasi district]] map
| coordinates = {{coord|25.288622|82.999279|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]]
| location = Durga Kund, [[Bhelupur, Varanasi|Bhelupur]], Varanasi
| elevation_m = 85
| deity = [[Durga]]
| festivals= [[Durga Puja]] [[Navratri]]
| architecture = [[Nagara architecture|Nagara]]
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 18th century
| creator = [[Rani Bhabani]] of [[Natore]]
| website = 
}}
{{Hinduism}}

'''Durga Mandir''' ([[Hindi]]: दुर्गा मंदिर), also known as '''Durga Kund Mandir''' and '''Durga Temple''', is one of the most famous temples in the holy city of [[Varanasi]]. This temple has great religious importance in [[Hinduism]] and is dedicated to [[Durga]]. Durga Mandir was constructed in 18th century by [[Rani Bhabani]] of [[Natore]].<ref name=" Durga Mandir ">{{cite news|title=Durga Mandir|publisher=Varanasiguru.com|access-date=27 Feb 2024|url=https://www.varanasiguru.com/durga-temple/}}</ref>

==History==
Durga Mandir was constructed in 18th century by Bengali Maharani- [[Rani Bhabani]] of [[Natore]]. The temple is dedicated to the Goddess [[Durga]]. Next to the temple, is a kund (pond) which was earlier connected to the river Ganges. It is believed that the existing icon of the goddess was not made by a man but [[svayambhu|appeared on its own]] in the temple.<ref name=" History ">{{cite news|title=History|publisher=Eastern UP Tourism|access-date=1 March 2015|url=http://www.easternuptourism.com/Durga-Temple.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234040/http://www.easternuptourism.com/Durga-Temple.jsp|archive-date=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=" Durga Temple ">{{cite news|title=Durga Temple|publisher=Varanasi City website|access-date=1 March 2015|url=http://www.varanasicity.com/temples/durga-temple.html}}</ref>
[[File:Durga Mandir-Varanasi India-Andres Larin.jpg|thumb|left|Drone shot of a Durga Mandir in Varanasi, 2022]]
In ''adhyaya'' (chapter) 23 of the ''[[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]]'', this temple's origin is explained. As per the text, [[Kashi Naresh]] (king of Varanasi) called for a [[Swayamvara|Swayamvar]] for his daughter Sashikala's marriage. The King later learnt that the princess was in love with [[vanvas]]i prince Sudarshan. So Kashi Naresh got his daughter secretly married to the prince. When the other Kings (who were invited for Swayamvar) got to know about the marriage, they got angry and went on war with Kashi Naresh. Sudarshan then offered prayers to Durga, who came on a lion and fought the war for Kashi Naresh and Sudarshan. After the war, Kashi Naresh pleaded to Durga to protect Varanasi and with that belief, this temple was constructed.<ref name=" Durga Mandir "/>

==Construction==
Durga Mandir was constructed in the 18th century (exact date of construction not known) by a [[Hindu]] Bengali [[Rani]]'' - [[Rani Bhabani]] of [[Natore]]. (Bengali queen).'' The temple was built in [[North India]]n [[Nagara architecture|Nagara]] style of architecture. The temple is painted red with [[ochre]] to match the colours of the central icon of [[Durga]], the goddess of strength and power. Inside the temple, many elaborately carved and engraved stones can be found. The temple is made up of many small [[sikhara]]s conjoined together''.<ref name="History" /><ref>{{cite book|title=The Top Ten Temple Towns of India|publisher=Mark Age Publication|first=S.C.|last=Karkar|location=Kolkota|isbn=978-81-87952-12-1|year=2009|page=11}}</ref>''
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:Durga Mandir, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India (2007).jpg|Mandir as seen from north corner of Durgakund
File:Durga Kund.JPG|Durga Kund (pond) next to the temple
</gallery>

==Location==
Durga Mandir is situated on the Sankat Mochan road, adjacent to Durga Kund, 250 meters north of [[Tulsi Manas Mandir]], 700 meters north-east of [[Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple|Sankat Mochan Mandir]] and 1.3 kilometers north of [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref name=" Location ">{{cite news|title=Location|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=1 March 2015|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/Durgakund+Temple/@25.288622,82.999279,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x398e31f3e4ffffff:0xe551b4ec8d935cae}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Hindu temples in Varanasi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/durga-temple Durga Temple in Varanasi: A Spiritual Oasis in the City] ''[[Incredible India]]''

{{Temples in Varanasi}}
{{Hindu Culture and Epics}}
{{Hindu temples in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Portal bar|India|Hinduism|Religion}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Varanasi]]
[[Category:Durga temples]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 18th century]]
[[Category:18th-century establishments in India]]

Chennai Egmore–Kanniyakumari Superfast Express

2025-06-19T17:50:58Z

RosariaE70: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Chennai Egmore–Kanniyakumari Express]]

{{R from merge}}

Shripad Narayan Pendse

2025-05-25T16:19:58Z

RosariaE70: cleanup

{{Short description|Marathi-language writer}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{expand Marathi|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Shripad Narayan Pendse
| native_name = श्रीपाद नारायण पेंडसे
| native_name_lang = mr
| birth_date = {{birth date|1913|01|05}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2007|03|23|1913|01|05}}
| occupation = [[Novelist]]
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1963)
| birth_place = Murdi, [[Ratnagiri District]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj]]
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| genre = [[Novel]]
}}
'''Shripad Narayan Pendse''' (5 January 1913 – 23 March 2007) was a [[Marathi language|Marathi]] writer.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X9KbhnDC6FAC&pg=PA181|page=181|year=1998|title=Classics of Modern South Asian Literature|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=9783447040587|editor=Snell, Rupert|editor2=Raeside, Ian}}</ref>

==Biography==
Shripad Narayan Pendse hailed from [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. He was born to a village Murdi, from Taluka Dapoli in Ratnagiri District. {{Citation needed|date= February 2018}}

His novel, ''Rathachakra'' (The Chariot-Wheel), received a [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1963.{{Citation needed|date= February 2018}}

His novel, ''Garambicha Bapu,'' was translated in 1969 into English, titled –'''Wild Bapu of Garambi','' as a part of the [[UNESCO Collection of Representative Works]], which had been organized with [[Sahitya Akademi]] collaboration.{{Citation needed|date= February 2018}}

''Haddapar'' (The Outcast) and ''Tumbadche Khot'' (The Khots of Tumbad) are Pendse's other two popular novels.{{Citation needed|date= February 2018}}

He was offered a Rockfeller Foundation Scholarship, under which he travelled Europe and United States in order to study and exchange his views with other novelists and learned people. He travelled for more than one year with his wife with the help of this scholarship. In his tour to England, France and the US, he met many well known writers, including [[E. M. Forster]].{{Citation needed|date= February 2018}} EM Forster's letter to SN Pendse is reproduced in the autobiography of SN Pendse on page 243,244,245 SN Pendse "Lekhak Ani Manus" Ek Mitra published by Mouj publishers publication 228, in November 1974..

==Works==
{{div col}}
'''Novels'''
*Elgar in 1949
*Haddapar in 1950
*Garambicha Bapu in 1952
*Hatya in 1954
*Yashoda (small novel) in 1957
*Kalandar in 1959
*Rathachakra in 1962
*Lavhali in 1966
*Octopus in 1972.
*Akant in 1978
*Tumbadache Khot Part 1 and Part 2 in 1987
*Garambichi Radha in 1993
*Ek Hoti Aji in 1995
*Kameru in 1997
*Ghagar Rikami Re Rangamali in 2002
*Haak Abhalachi in 2007

'''Dramas'''
*Mahapur −1961
*Rajemastar −1964
*Yashoda-drama −1965
*Garambicha Bapu −1965
*Sambhusanchya Chalit −1967
*Asa zala aani ujadala −1969
*Chakravyuha −1970
*Rathachakra −1975
*Pandit ! Ata Tari Shahane Vha ! -1978
*Dr. Huddar −1990

'''Short stories'''
*Jumman −1956

'''Other'''
*Prayaschitta -translation of [[The Scarlet Letter]] in 1969
*Best upakramachi katha −1972 (he was Deputy Public Relations Officer in BEST undertaking and retired in 1972)

'''Articles'''
*Ek Muktasanvad- Udyachya Kadambarikarashi in 1995
*Adhyatacha Shodh in 1996
*Ek Durlabh Sneh in 1996

'''Characterisation'''{{clarify|date=November 2018}}
*Khadakavaril Hiraval in 1941

'''Autobiography'''
*Shri Na Pendse-Manus Ani Lekhak in 1974

'''Translation into other languages'''
*Garambicha Bapu- In Hindi (1959) and English (1969)
*Kalandar- In Gujarati (1970)
*Rathachakra- In Gujarati (1971)
*Octopus- In Hindi (1976)
*Hatya- In Hindi (1976)
{{div col end}}
== Footnotes ==
<references />
This article is based on his autobiography, written in 1974, and published by Mauj Prakashan.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pendse, Shripad Narayan}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Marathi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

{{India-writer-stub}}

Thank You Maa

2025-03-31T21:32:23Z

RosariaE70: added initial entry needs work

{{short description|Television series}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre =
| creator = [[Ekta Kapoor]] [[Shobha Kapoor]]
| based_on =
| director =
| writer =
| creative_director =
| starring =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| num_seasons = 01
| num_episodes =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| producer = [[Ekta Kapoor]] [[Shobha Kapoor]]
| location = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime =
| company = [[Balaji Telefilms]]
| channel = [[Star Plus]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2015|05|10}}
| last_aired =
}}

'''''Thank You Maa''''' was an Indian television special episode which aired on [[Star Plus]] on 10 May 2015 at 6 PM [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], [[Mother's Day]]. The special episode was produced by [[Balaji Telefilms]]. The episode starred popular [[Bollywood]] actor, [[Ranveer Singh]] and many other Bollywood actors and actresses.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/ranveer-singh-to-turn-rapper-for-tv-show-thank-you-maa/16173195|title=Ranveer Singh to turn rapper for TV show 'Thank-you Maa'|newspaper=[[Mid-Day]]|date=29 April 2015|accessdate=1 May 2015}}</ref>

''Thank You Maa'' was dedicated to all the mothers for all their love, and also featured performances by Bollywood celebrities like [[Shakti Mohan]], [[Sanjeeda Sheikh]], [[Gurmeet Choudhary]], [[Aditya Narayan]], [[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1983)|Aditi Sharma]], [[Salman Yusuff Khan]] among others.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ranveer-singh-to-rap-for-mothers-on-tv-show-thank-you-maa/|title=Ranveer Singh to rap for mothers on TV show 'Thank-you Maa'|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=29 April 2015|accessdate=1 May 2015}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Karan Singh Grover]]
*[[Shakti Mohan]]
*[[Sanjeeda Sheikh]]
*[[Gurmeet Choudhary]]
*[[Aditya Narayan]]
*[[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1983)|Aditi Sharma]]
*[[Salman Yusuff Khan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Star Plus Shows}}

[[Category:2015 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]