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Mario Miranda

2026-05-07T21:36:19Z

RondaWaddell840: Added basic stub added tags - done

{{Short description|Indian cartoonist (1926–2011)}}
{{About|the Indian cartoonist|the Colombian boxer|Mario Miranda (boxer)}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mario Miranda
| image = Miranda de Miranda.jpg
| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|list=[[OYC]] [[Order of Prince Henry|ComIH]]}}
| caption = Miranda in 2008
| birth_name = Mário João Carlos do Rosário de Brito Miranda
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1926|05|02}}
| birth_place = [[Damão]], [[Portuguese India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2011|12|11|1926|05|02}}
| death_place = [[Loutolim]], Goa, India
| alma_mater = {{ubl|
* [[St Joseph's Boys' High School, Bangalore|St Joseph's Boys' High School]]
* [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai|St. Xavier's College]] ([[B.A.]])
}}
| awards = {{plainlist|
*[[Padma Shri]] (1988)
*[[Padma Bhushan]] (2002)
*[[Padma Vibhushan]] (2012)
}}
| known_for =
[[Cartoonist]] for ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]''
| occupation = {{hlist|Cartoonist|painter}}
| spouse = Habiba Hyderi de Miranda
| family = [[Tyabji family|Tyabji–Hydari family]] (through wife)
| website = {{URL|mariodemiranda.com}}
| children = 2
}}

'''Mário João Carlos do Rosário de Brito Miranda''' {{postnominals|list=[[Order of Isabella the Catholic|OYC]] [[Order of Prince Henry|ComIH]]}} (2 May 1926 – 11 December 2011), also known as '''Mario de Miranda''', was an Indian cartoonist and painter based in [[Loutolim]], [[Goa]]. He had been a regular with ''[[The Times of India]]'' and other newspapers in [[Bombay]], including ''[[The Economic Times]]'', though he got his popularity with his works published in ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]''. He was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the [[Padma Vibhushan]] (posthumously) in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=79881|title= Padma Awards|publisher=pib|date= 27 January 2013 |access-date= 27 January 2013}}</ref>

==Life and career==
===Early life===
Mário João Carlos do Rosário de Brito Miranda was born on 2 May 1926, in [[Damão]], [[Portuguese India]], to [[Goan Catholic]] parents. At an early age, he would draw [[caricature]]s and sketch on the walls of his home, until his mother brought him a blank book. He then began making personalised postcards for his friends, charging them a token amount, in the 1930s and 1940s.<ref name="ITChronicler11">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/mario-miranda-cartoonist-148468-2011-12-11|title=Mario Miranda, a chronicler of his times|date=11 December 2011|website=India Today|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> He even started getting into trouble at school, for sketching Catholic priests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiatravelogue.com/face/face14.html|title=India Travelogue Faces of India: Cartoonist Mario Miranda|website=www.indiatravelogue.com|access-date=2019-08-31}}</ref> Mario Miranda's early cartoons presented vignettes of Goan village life, a theme he is best known for even today. He would maintain diaries from the age of 10, sketching the life around him.<ref name="BBCDMello16">{{Cite news|last=D'Mello|first=Pamela|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36220327|title=The genius of Indian cartoonist Mario Miranda|date=2016-05-09|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-03-28}}</ref>

He studied at [[St. Joseph's Boys' High School, Bangalore]] and then did a B.A. in history at [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]], while focusing on the Indian Administrative Service (IAS). Thereafter he started studying architecture<ref name="ITChronicler11" /> at the behest of his parents, though he soon lost interest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://members.aol.com/podium1/miranda1.html|title=The Podium Interview with Mario Miranda|date=May 31, 1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990209143339/http://members.aol.com/podium1/miranda1.html|archive-date=1999-02-09|url-status=dead|access-date=2019-08-31}}</ref> He then began getting small commissions and would sketch people in his private diaries in 1949. He loved good food and red wine in moderation but would mainly visit eateries and taverns to document the lives of the patrons.<ref name="IEFoodYoung16">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/eating-drinking-and-observing-in-1940s-goa-with-a-young-mario-miranda-2771302/|title=Eating, drinking and observing with Mario Miranda|date=2016-05-02|website=The Indian Express|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref>

===Career beginnings===
Miranda started his career in an advertising studio, where he worked for four years, before taking up cartooning full-time. He got his first break as a cartoonist with ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]'' which published a few of his works.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/03/01/stories/2004030102120300.htm|title=Lines from Goa|last=G. N.|first=Prashanth|date=2004-10-01|website=The Hindu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041001055536/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/03/01/stories/2004030102120300.htm|archive-date=2004-10-01|url-status=usurped|access-date=2019-08-31}}</ref> His drawings & cartoons also brought him an offer to work at the ''Current'' magazine. A year later, the Times of India offered him a slot, even though they had rejected him at first. Thereafter, his creations, such as Miss Nimbupani and Miss Fonseca, appeared on a regular basis in ''Femina'', ''Economic Times'', and ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]''.<ref name="BBCDMello16" />

Mario then won a grant by the [[Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation]] and lived in Portugal for year, helping him "broaden his horizons". He then moved to [[London]], working for different newspapers and even working in television animation. During his five years spent there, his caricatures were published in magazines like ''[[Mad (magazine)|Mad]]'', ''[[Lilliput (magazine)|Lilliput]]'' and ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]''. He then travelled to many countries, either working or conducting exhibitions.<ref name="ITChronicler11" />

===Return to Mumbai===
Miranda returned to India for good in the late 1980s<ref name="ITChronicler11" /> and was offered back his old job with the ''Times of India'' in Mumbai, where he worked with noted cartoonist, [[R.K. Laxman]].

Thereafter, Miranda met artist Habiba Hydari. Habiba was part of Hyderabad based Hydari family<ref>{{Cite web|date=Apr 24, 2021|title=Mario Miranda's wife Habiba passes away {{!}} Goa News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/mario-mirandas-wife-habiba-passes-away/articleshow/82222771.cms|access-date=2021-10-29|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> and grand-daughter of [[Akbar Hydari]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biography - Flight - 1|url=https://mariodemiranda.com/biography/flight---1.html|access-date=2021-10-29|website=mariodemiranda.com}}</ref> They got married and had two sons, Rahul and Rishad.<ref name="ITChronicler11" />

===Recognition and fame===
Miranda's big break came in 1974, when, at the invitation of the United States Information Services, he travelled to America, which enabled him to promote his art and interact with other cartoonists in the United States and also got a chance to work with [[Charles M. Schulz]], the creator of [[Peanuts]])<ref>{{Cite news|last=Udasi|first=Harshikaa|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/adieu-to-the-aces/article2754564.ece|title=Adieu to the Aces|date=2011-12-28|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-03-28|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and met [[Herblock]], the editorial cartoonist of the Washington Post.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

He held solo exhibitions in over 22 countries, including the United States, Japan, Brazil, Australia, Singapore, France, Yugoslavia, and Portugal.

===Later years and death===
After retirement, Miranda lived in his ancestral home, at [[Loutolim]], a village in [[Salcete]], Goa, with his wife Habiba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/columns/the-informer/chez-mirandas/articleshow/68929043.cms|title=Wendell Rodricks and Jerome Marrel pay visit to Habiba Miranda|date=Apr 18, 2019|website=Ahmedabad Mirror|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref> Even after he retired, Miranda's work was seen regularly in Mumbai publications, and he was invited to travel to countries such as Mauritius and Spain, and draw their local cultures.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sarkar|first=John|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ET_Features/Special_Pages/Culture_Cauldron/Travels_on_canvas_and_colour/articleshow/2493952.cms|title=Travels on canvas and colour|date=2007-10-27|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref> On 11 December 2011, Miranda died of natural causes at his home in Loutolim.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cartoonist-mario-miranda-dies-at-85/210847-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107234648/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/cartoonist-mario-miranda-dies-at-85/210847-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 January 2012|title=Cartoonist Mario Miranda dies at 85|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=11 December 2011| access-date=11 December 2011}}</ref> Mario's body was then taken to the Hindu crematorium at Pajifond in Margao, where his pyre was lit by his younger son Rishaad as per his wishes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/mario-miranda-cremated/article2710170.ece|title=Mario Miranda cremated|date=2011-12-13|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-31|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Indian cartoonist Graphi and fine artist, [[Vins (cartoonist)|Vijay N Seth (Vins)]] paid tribute to Miranda, whom he considered as a mentor:

{{blockquote |text=With pen & ink that were at his command to churn out lines that every nib would be jealous of, he brushed aside the old school of cartooning using the brush, and set a new norm to use the nib pen and to master it for this branch of art. Mario created characters that gave his daily audience their quota of a smile without malice. His trips around the globe produced subtle close observations of the local musings – a fitting example of how far can one stretch the parameters of this branch of neglected art.<ref name=vijay>{{cite web|last=Seth (vinns)|first=Vijay N|title=Cartoon-artist Mario: a tribute|date=16 December 2011|url=http://www.indiaartndesign.com/2011/12/cartoon-artist-mario-tribute.html|publisher=India Art and Design|access-date=16 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707082316/http://www.indiaartndesign.com/2011/12/cartoon-artist-mario-tribute.html|archive-date=7 July 2012}}</ref>}}

==Style==
[[File:Comic by Mario Miranda.jpg|alt=A cartoon by Miranda|thumb|A cartoon by Miranda]]
According to [[Aaron Renier]] (who created the Google Doodle commemorating Miranda on his 90th birth anniversary in 2016), Miranda's most popular style of cartooning was "very flat with criss-crossing interactions".<ref name="HuffPoDoodle">{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/05/02/google-doodle-mario-miranda_n_9818834.html|title=Seen Today's Google Doodle? Here Is Some Of Mario Miranda's Best Work|first=Prajakta|last=Hebbar|date=2016-05-02|website=HuffPost India|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> Renier went on to explain:

{{blockquote |text=That is what I liked most about his work. Trying to pick out who knows who, who's watching who, who's annoyed by who, who's enamoured by who.<ref name="HuffPoDoodle" />}}

Miranda's cartoons often indulged in sexist stereotypes, with the women being drawn as curvaceous and having bulging eyes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/kerala-to-us-cartooning-is-in-the-crosshairs/articleshow/69805457.cms|title=Kerala to US, cartooning is in the crosshairs|date=16 June 2019|website=The Times of India|access-date=2020-03-29|quote=Generational sensibilities also change. For instance, the celebrated Mario Miranda drew on several sexist stereotypes, with his voluptuous, bug-eyed women — but such cartoons are less likely to pass muster today.}}</ref> He would observe people everywhere (like eateries, taverns, weddings, the bus stop, the post office) and document their social life.<ref name="IEFoodYoung16" /> However, he always stayed away from drawing political cartoons.<ref name="BBCDMello16" />

Art critic Uma Nair describes how all his work was subtly witty. Describing his drawing style, she finds that his tales were told through [[cubism]] and the nature of the contours of his work, stating that his "geometric jiggles" coupled with subtle colours helped convey the emotions of the characters. His works would include people from all walks of life interacting with one another. Additionally, he would capture the essence of Goan life.<ref name="ToIRequiem11">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/plumage/a-requiem-for-mario-miranda/|title=A Requiem for Mario Miranda|date=2011-12-12|first=Uma|last=Nair|website=Times of India Blog|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> She goes on to describe:

{{blockquote |text=Mario’s drawings, like his signature, had a squared-off, serene quality, a frame of high and mischievous intention that suggested aspirations beyond the momentary smile most cartoons are content to induce... he created multitudes that had a collective melody and mood, his backgrounds were never in excess, always a quaint minimalism that endeared and endured-he also pressed towards the foreground an impressionist zeal that had a zing to it.<ref name="ToIRequiem11" />}}

==Beyond cartooning==
Besides cartooning, Miranda's murals are present on various buildings in Goa and other parts of India. Late in life he took to paintings which received wide response.

Over the years, he published several books, including ''Laugh it Off'', ''Goa with Love'', and ''Germany in Wintertime''.

Besides his own books, he illustrated books by [[Dom Moraes]] (''A Journey to Goa''), [[Manohar Malgonkar]] (''Inside Goa'') and [[Mario Cabral e Sa]] (''Legends of Goa'').<ref name="HinduEthos11">{{Cite news|last=Kamat|first=Prakash|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/mario-who-embodied-goan-ethos-is-no-more/article2706536.ece|title=Mario, who embodied Goan ethos, is no more|date=2011-12-11|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-03-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He also illustrated many children's books, including ''Dul-Dul'', ''The Magic Clay Horse'' (1968), ''The Adventures of Pilla the Pup'' (1969), and ''Lumbdoom, The Long-Tailed Langoor'' (1968), all written by [[Uma Anand]] and published by [[India Book House]], Mumbai, under its Echo imprint. He also illustrated for Balbharati textbooks by MSBTPCR in the 1970s.

In 1951, he collaborated with Sanskrit scholar Jose Pereira and IAS officer Alban Couto ([[Maria Aurora Couto]]'s husband) to publish a special issue of ''[[Marg (magazine)|Marg]]'' on Goan art and culture.<ref name="HinduEthos11" />

Miranda was the creative assistant during the filming of ''[[The Sea Wolves]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pai Raikar |first=Ramnath N |date=18 August 2018 |title=The Sea Wolves: WWII adventure in Goa |url=https://epaper.navhindtimes.in/PageImages/pdf/2018/08/18/18082018-md-ga-22.pdf}}</ref>

He loved to travel and listening to music and it was his ambition to experiment further with water colours and to write memories of his early years in Goa, on retirement. He was not able to fulfil these two latter ambitions.{{citation needed|date=December 2025}}

In the 1990s, Rushi Yazdegardi (then owner) of [[Café Mondegar]] asked Mario Miranda to draw [[mural]]s (cartoons) on two opposite walls. Both walls have different themes. Whilst one wall is dedicated to the ''Life in Mumbai'', the other wall is dedicated to ''Atmosphere in the Café''.<ref name="Cartoonist who loved to draw">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/mario-miranda-cartoonist-who-loved-to-draw/article1-781069.aspx|title=Mario Miranda: Cartoonist who loved to draw|last=Doshi|first=Riddhi|date=December 11, 2011|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

<gallery class="center" widths="400px" heights="270px" caption="Murals">
File:Cafe Mondegar bar with mural.JPG|Cafe bar with murals
File:Cafe Mondegar, Colaba Causeway, interior wall murals.jpg|Murals on restaurant walls
</gallery>

When the new municipal market of [[Panjim]] was inaugurated in 2004,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://englishnews.thegoan.net/story.php?id=51495|title=Market scam may weigh in on Panaji bypoll verdict|website=The Goan|date=15 May 2019|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> Miranda was invited to paint a mural on its walls by then [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]] [[Manohar Parrikar]]. Delighted with how the new complex had turned out, he refused to charge fees from the government for his work.<ref name="ToIHouseTributes">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Departed-souls-get-rich-tributes-from-the-house/articleshow/12349800.cms|title=Departed souls get rich tributes from the house|date=Mar 21, 2012|website=The Times of India|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Miranda's house features in the 1985 [[Shyam Benegal]] film, ''[[Trikaal]]'', which is loosely based on Miranda's family. Benegal admitted to having been deeply influenced by Miranda's house and family after a visit. He recalls how during his visit, he was told of how one of Miranda's ancestors accidentally killed the wrong Rane during the [[Revolt of the Ranes]] in Goa, a story which inspired him to make the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/art-and-theatre/mario-miranda-was-a-quintessential-goan-shyam-benegal_101925.html|title=Mario Miranda was a quintessential Goan: Shyam Benegal|date=2011-12-12|website=Zee News|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref>

In 2005, [[Gerard da Cunha]] began working on a book on the artist and collected 13,000 of Miranda's works, tracking them down through various sources.<ref name="BBCDMello16" /> In 2016, an exhibition titled ''"A pocketful of chuckles''" on the works of Mário de Miranda was held at Gallery Gitanjali at [[Panaji]]. This was the largest exhibition of the original cartoons and paintings of Mario de Miranda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Mario-Mirandas-biggest-exhibition-in-state-gets-under-way-in-Panaji/articleshow/52061719.cms|title=Mario Miranda's biggest exhibition in state gets under way in Panaji|date=May 1, 2016|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-08-31}}</ref> ''The Life of Mario: 1949'', a compilation of caricatures drawn by the 23-year old Mario Miranda in 1949, was also released by da Cunha. This was the third in a series that includes the years 1950 and 1951.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/celebrating-mario90-music-art-and-mondy/article8546994.ece|title=Celebrating Mario@90: music, art and 'Mondy'|last=Datta|first=PT Jyothi|website=Hindu Business Line|date=May 2, 2016|access-date=2020-03-28}}</ref>

In March 2025, [[Chief Minister of Goa|Chief Minister]] [[Pramod Sawant]] announced that a few galleries in the renovated state museum at Adil Shah Palace, Panaji, would be dedicated to the work of Miranda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh Chadha |first=Pavneet |date=2025-03-26 |title=In Goa, a museum to honour Mario Miranda, whose work captured 'true Goan-ness' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/in-goa-a-museum-to-honour-mario-miranda-whose-work-captured-true-goan-ness-9906237/lite/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
In 1988, Miranda was featured in the national integration "[[Mile Sur Mera Tumhara]]" video, which included multiple notable Indians in arts, films, literature, music, and sports.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Swaminathan|first=Chitra|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/this-independence-day-lets-revisit-mile-sur-mera-tumhara/article29092907.ece|title=Revisiting 'Mile sur mera tumhara' on Independence Day|date=2019-08-14|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-03-28|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1988, the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2002<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Two-Goans-get-Padma-recognition/articleshow/11634729.cms|title=Two Goans get Padma recognition|date=Jan 26, 2012|website=The Times of India|access-date=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> and All India Cartoonists's Association, Bangalore, honoured him with a lifetime achievement award.<ref>[http://www.goacom.com/goanow/2002/feb/cartoons.html Mario at International Centre, Dona Paula] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626163322/http://www.goacom.com/goanow/2002/feb/cartoons.html |date=26 June 2008 }}</ref> The King of Spain, [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|Juan Carlos]], conferred on Mario the highest civilian honour of "Cross of the [[Order of Isabel the Catholic]]" which was presented to him on 11 November 2009 at his family home in Loutolim by tourism counsellor Don Miguel Nieto Sandoval.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Mario-Miranda-gets-Spains-highest-civilian-honour/articleshow/5217731.cms|title=Mario Miranda gets Spain's highest civilian honour|date=Nov 11, 2009|first=Rajeshree|last=Nagarsekar|website=The Times of India|access-date=2020-03-28}}</ref> On 29 December 2009 Portugal, under the President of the Republic [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]], made him "Commander of the [[Order of Prince Henry]]", a Portuguese National Order of knighthood.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} Mario Miranda was posthumously awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's second highest civilian award, by the President of India on 4 April 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-president-pratibha-patil-confers-padma-awards-1671487|title=President Pratibha Patil confers Padma awards|date=2012-04-04|website=DNA India|access-date=2019-08-31}}</ref>

After his death in 2011, the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] made an obituary reference to him in March 2012.<ref name="ToIHouseTributes" /> In 2013, a road junction in Mumbai was named after Miranda.<ref name="mmc">{{cite news|title=Raj Thackeray inaugurates chowk named after cartoonist Mario Miranda |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/columns/mumbai-001/Raj-Thackeray-inaugurates-chowk-named-after-cartoonist-Mario-Miranda/articleshow/19554304.cms |date=15 April 2013 |location=Mumbai |publisher=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |access-date=27 September 2014}}</ref> In May 2016, [[Google]] honoured him with a [[Google Doodle|doodle]] on his 90th birth anniversary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mario Miranda's 90th birthday |url=https://doodles.google/doodle/mario-mirandas-90th-birthday/ |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=Google Doodles |language=en}}</ref> The doodle showcased a typical Mumbai neighbourhood scene during the rains.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/google-doodle-honours-mario-miranda/article8546336.ece|title=Google doodle honours Mario Miranda|last=Radhakrishnan|first=Sruthi|date=2016-05-02|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-31|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb name}}

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Miranda, Mario}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Indian humorists]]
[[Category:Indian comics artists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Prince Henry]]
[[Category:Journalists from Goa]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Indian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:The Times of India journalists]]
[[Category:People from Daman district, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Indian people of Portuguese descent]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male journalists]]

Ajay Prasanna

2026-05-05T16:08:11Z

RondaWaddell840: Data - done

{{short description|Indian flute or bansuri player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| background = person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Ajay Prasanna
| birth_name = Ajay Shankar Prasanna
| image = Ajay shankar Prasanna.jpg
| image_upright =
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| alt =
| caption = Ajay shankar Prasanna playing [[Bansuri]]
| native_name =
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| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1969}}
| birth_place = [[Allahabad]]<ref name="Meetkalakar 3131"/>
| origin =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause = 
| genre = [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]]
| occupation = Flute player
| instrument = [[Bansuri]]
| works =
| years_active = 
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}}

'''Ajay Shankar Prasanna''', born in 1969, is a masterful Indian classical flautist steeped in the Hindustani bansuri tradition. He's renowned for taking Indian classical music to global stages through concerts, festivals, and broadcast recordings. Coming from a musical family in the Banaras (or Varanasi) Gharana of flute players, he carries forward a rich legacy.<ref name="Meetkalakar 3131">{{cite web |title=Ajay Prasanna, Flautist |website=Meetkalakar |date=2025-05-17 |url=https://meetkalakar.com/Artist/3131-Ajay-Prasanna |access-date=2026-03-23}}</ref>

== Early life and training ==
Ajay Prasanna grew up in a family immersed in Indian classical music. His father, Pandit Bholanath Prasanna, was a celebrated bansuri maestro from the Banaras Gharana and mentored many top flautists. From a tender age, Ajay learned the flute directly from his dad, soaking up the timeless techniques of Hindustani music through close observation. He made his public debut at just six years old, performing at the prestigious Akhil Bharatiya Sangeet Sammelan.

== Career ==
Ajay Prasanna's<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ajay Prasanna on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/artist/ajay-prasanna/129341625 |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |language=en-US}}</ref> performances span solo concerts, collaborations, and festival appearances in India and abroad. According to promotional profiles and event listings, he has performed at venues such as [[Queen Elizabeth Hall]] in London and participated in international music events. <ref>{{Cite web |last=KalaSudha |title=Ajay Prasanna |url=https://kalasudha.com/artist/ajay-prasanna |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=KalaSudha |language=en}}</ref>

He is associated with a blend of classical and fusion styles, including patriotic, devotional, and experimental thematic music projects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ajay Prasanna - Movies, Biography, News, Age & Photos |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/ajay-prasanna/in.bookmyshow.com/person/ajay-prasanna/1086203 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}</ref>

=== Selected performances ===
* Concert presentations in the United Kingdom and Europe (festival listings, concert promotions)<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Soul of Sunset: Raag Marwa Aalap in Edinburgh by Pt. Ajay Prasanna {{!}} KalaSudha |url=https://kalasudha.com/video/soul-sunset-raag-marwa-aalap-edinburgh-pt-ajay-prasanna |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=kalasudha.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=KalaSudha |title=Raga Unison at Edinburgh: Wind, Drums and Strings {{!}} Double Bill Concert |url=https://kalasudha.com/event/raga-unison-edinburgh-wind-drums-and-strings-double-bill-concert |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=KalaSudha |language=en}}</ref>
* Solo recitals and collaborative programs featured in Indian cultural broadcasts and music events

==References==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prasanna, Ajay}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian flautists]]
[[Category:20th-century classical musicians]]
[[Category:Bansuri players]]
[[Category:Classical flautists]]
[[Category:Indian male classical musicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

Ubaya Rameswara Kshetram

2026-05-02T23:54:57Z

RondaWaddell840:

'''Ubaya Rameswara Kshetram''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to the deities [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]], located in [[Chilumuru]], [[Bapatla district]], in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].

The temple is renowned for its primary deity, Shiva, who is worshipped as Rameswara and represented by a Saikata Lingam (a Lingam formed from sand). According to Sthala Puranam, this is one of the rare Lingams in existence established by Sita Devi.

The temple complex is situated on the banks of the [[Krishna River]]. Its location on the riverbank makes it a significant site for ritual baths and spiritual gatherings, particularly during auspicious periods like [[Maha Shivaratri|Maha shivaratri]] and Karthika Masam.

== Temple Legend ==
* The temple is ancient, dating back to the [[Treta Yuga]]. According to the [[Skanda Purana]], while returning from [[Lanka]] after killing [[Ravana]], [[Rama|Lord Rama]] established ''Lingams'' along various places.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-article/sunday-magazine/history-of-rameshwara-swamy-temple-iluru-krishna-district/3/322000360|title= దక్షిణకాశీ దర్శనం... మోక్షప్రదాయకం! | trans-title = The vision of Dakshinkashi... is salvation-giving!| language = te | work=Eenadu Sunday Magazine}}</ref>
* When they reached the banks of the [[Krishna River]] and prepared to install a ''[[Lingam|Siva Lingam]]'', Rama dispatched [[Hanuman]] to fetch one from Kailasa. However, as the auspicious ''muhurtam'' (timing) approached and Hanuman had not yet returned, [[Sita|Sita Devi]] fashioned a ''Saikata Lingam'' (made of sand) and performed the ''[[Prana pratishtha|Prana Pratishtha]]''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBVwFTbE9_c| date = 25 June 2022 | title=Devaragam : మా ఊరి దేవుడు {{!}} Sri Ramalingeswara Swamy Temple {{!}} Chilumuru {{!}} Guntur |work=TV9 Telugu | language= te }}</ref>
* Upon Hanuman’s return, he attempted to remove the sand ''Lingam'' to replace it with the one from Kailasa. Legend says the sand ''Lingam'' began to grow continuously; to stop this, Sita Devi placed a knot of sand on top of it, which halted its growth. Lord Rama then established the ''Lingam'' brought by Hanuman on the opposite bank of the Krishna River in the village of [[Iluru]].<ref name=":0" />
* Together, these two sites are known as Ubaya Rameswara Kshetram.

== History ==
* In the 12th century, during the [[Chola dynasty]], kings noticed the ''Siva Lingam'' standing without a shelter and subsequently constructed the temple in 1153 AD. Inscriptions and carvings within the temple verify this historical timeline. The structure also features intricate carvings of [[Nataraja]] and the [[Sri Chakra]].<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

# “[https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-article/sunday-magazine/history-of-rameshwara-swamy-temple-iluru-krishna-district/3/322000360 Dakshina Kashi Darshanam] [https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-article/sunday-magazine/history-of-rameshwara-swamy-temple-iluru-krishna-district/3/322000360 Mokshapradayakam]”. ''Eenadu Sunday Magazine''. 8 May 2022.
# “[https://telugu.getlokalapp.com/andhra-news/bapatla/vemuru/73-lakhs-allocated-for-the-development-of-chilumuru-temple-15098311 73 Lakhs allocated for the development of Chilumuru Ramalingeswara Temple]”. ''Lokal App News (Bapatla Edition)''. 14 July 2025.
# “[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OL1ayd-_VBE Special Puja at Ubhaya Rameswara Kshetram during Kartika Masam]”. ''6TV Telugu News''. 12 November 2023.
# {{cite news |date=2022-07-11 |title=Teerthayatra: Ubaya Rameswara Venugopala Swamy Temple, Chilumuru, Guntur |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZscRECvScQ |work=ETV Andhra Pradesh}}
# "Ubhaya Rameswara Kshetram: The twin temples of Krishna River". ''The Hans India'' (Regional Bureau). 20 February 2024.
# Andhra Pradesh Gazette (Religious and Endowments Department). "List of Notified Temples: Guntur/Bapatla Districts - Sri Ramalingeswara Swamy, Chilumuru." 2021.
Category: History and legend of Temples in Andhra Pradesh
[[Category:Shiva temples in Andhra Pradesh]]

Kaiyethum Doorath (TV series)

2026-05-01T18:01:51Z

RondaWaddell840: Created Some Page More To Come...

{{Short description|Malayalam-language television series}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kaiyethum Doorath TV series.jpg
| writer =
| director = [[Mohan Kupleri]]
| editor =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| language = Malayalam
| country = India
| first_aired = {{start date|2020|11|30|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2023|06|10|df=yes}}
| producer =
| runtime = 22 minutes
| network = [[Zee Keralam]]
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 823
| composer =
}}

'''''Kaiyethum Doorath''''' ({{Translation|Within the hand's reach}}) is an Indian [[Malayalam]] language television series aired on [[Zee Keralam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/kaiyethum-doorath-serial/|title=Kaiyethum Doorath Zee Keralam Serial Launching 30th November At 8.30 P.M|website=Indiantvinfo.com |date=24 November 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.medianews4u.com/zee-keralam-to-launch-new-serial-kaiyethum-doorath-on-30th-november/|title=ZEE Keralam to launch new serial 'Kaiyethum Doorath' on 30th November|website=Medianews4u.com |date=24 November 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/kaiyethum-doorathu-serial-zee/|title=Kaiyethum Doorathu Serial Launching On 30th November Zee Keralam|website=Keralatv.in |date=20 November 2020 }}</ref> The series is an official remake of Zee Telugu series ''[[Raktha Sambandham (TV series)|Raktha Sambandham]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/family-drama-kaiyethum-doorath-to-narrate-an-interesting-love-story/articleshow/79448163.cms|title=Family drama Kaiyethum Doorath to narrate an interesting love story|website=The Times of India |date=27 November 2020 }}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The story is about the loving relationship of two siblings, Krishna Prasad and Krishna Priya, sharing a strong bond with them, Priya adores Krishna Prasad and is even willing to sacrifice her own happiness for her brother's needs.

Prasad's wife, Durga and Priya become pregnant around the same time.During baby shower ceremony Mangalam (Prasad and Priya's paternal aunt) insults Durga, so she vows that she will die if she doesn't give birth to a male child. Sulochana a.k.a. Sulu (Durga's distinct relative) sows seeds of bitterness in Durga's heart which widens the gap between Durga and Priya. Unfortunately, Durga gets a girl, Tulasi. Priya gives birth to a boy, Adhitya. Later they are exchanged by their parents to save Durga's life. Only Priya and her husband know the truth of the children's birth.

After child birth with the proudness of having given an heir to the family, Durga starts to drift away from the rest of the family members. Sulu incites Durga that Priya is trying to take away her son which becomes the main reason for Durga's hatred towards Priya. Soon Mangalam join hands with Durga only to destroy the family using Durga as a tool. The sisterly bond between Durga and Priya fades away and hatred and jealousy comes in as the children grow up. Durga gets fed up with the growing bond between Aadhi and Tulasi and demands partition of the property or she would leave the house with Aadhi.

Durga and Priya both buy houses in the same area. Durga also ends the relation between Aadhi and Thulasi. Aadhi grows up to have a strong hatred towards Thulasi. He often insults Thulasi.

Durga always boasts about her son and insults Priya and Tulasi. Tulasi always enjoys fighting with Durga which annoys Durga. Mangalam decides to harm Thulasi so that they could be safe from her. Thulasi meets with an accident but is saved by Aadhi. To pay the operation fees Priya seeks help from Durga who in turns asks for the house Priya lives in. Durga is seen to have a soft corner for Priya even though she hates Thulasi.Then Tulasi and Adhitya fall in love with each other but Durga on knowing the fact makes Aadhi promise her that she will not make Thulasi her daughter-in law. the rest of the story is about how Durga tries to separate the loving couple and how Tulasi overcomes the hard conditions and wins Durga's acceptance for their wedding.

==Cast==
===Main===
* Krishnapriya K Nair as Thulasi/ Krishnathulasi Aadithyan
**A naughty, brave girl; Adi's cousin and his love interest who turns to be his wife
** Jaysheelan and Priya's adoptive daughter, Prasad and Durga's Biological daughter
* Sajesh Nambiar as Adi a.k.a. Aadithyan
** a dull and calm boy; Thulasi's cousin and love interest who turns to be her husband
** Prasad and Durga's adoptive son, Jayasheelan and Priya's biological son

===Recurring===
* [[Vaishnavi Saikumar]] as Kanaka Durga a.k.a. Durga Prasad
**Foster mother of Adi and biological mother of Thulasi
* Lavanya Nair as Krishna Priya Jayasheelan
**Foster mother of Thulasi and biological mother of Adi
* Sharran Puthumana as [[Assistant Commissioner of Police#India|ACP]] Krishna Prasad
**Durga's husband and Priya's elder brother, the foster father of Adi and biological father of Thulasi
*Anand Thrissur as Jayasheelan / Jayan
**Priya's husband, he is the Foster father of Thulasi and Biological father of Aadhi
* [[Kanya Bharathi]] as Mangala
**Durga's aunt and Athira's grandmother
* [[Sreedevi Unni]] as Mandakini a.k.a. Veluthamma
* Anoop Soorya as Adi's Friend
*Maneesha Jayasingh / Ardra Das as Athira
**Mangalam's Grand Daughter, Praseetha's Daughter whom Durga sees as her Daughter-In-Law
*[[Gowri Krishnan]] as Gayathri Devi
**PWD [[Minister (government)|Minister]] of [[Kerala]]
*Anandhu as Sreehari / Hari
**Gayathri Devi's Younger Brother and he wishes to marry Thulasi
*Manju Vineesh as Sulu
**Durga's faithful house servant
*Geetha Nair as Rugminiyamma
**Priya and Prasad's mother and Grandmother of Thulasi and Adi, mother in law of Durga and Jayan
*J. Padmanabhan Thampi as Shanthan
**Mangalam's husband
*Indulekha as Dr.Indu
*Kiran Raj as Chandra Das
* Vishnu Prasad as Rajeev(main villain)
** Husband of LEKHA IPS

===Guest roles===
*[[Lakshmi Gopalaswamy]]
*Priyanka Anoop
*Lekshmi Prasad
*[[Richard N. J.|Richard Jose]]
*Swathy Nithyanand

==Adaptations==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-right:0;"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:20%;"| Language
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:24%;"| Title
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:13%;"| Original release
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:16%;"| Network
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:15%;"| Last aired
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:17%;"| Notes
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''[[Raktha Sambandham (TV series)|Raktha Sambandham]]'' రక్త సంబంధం
| 9 April 2018
| [[Zee Telugu]]
| 10 May 2021
| Original
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''[[Raja Magal]]'' ராஜாமகள்
| 28 October 2019
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 27 November 2021
| rowspan="2"| Remake
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''Kaiyethum Doorath'' കൈയെത്തും ദൂരത്ത്
| 30 November 2020
| [[Zee Keralam]]
| 10 June 2023
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/kaiyethum-doorath/0-6-3109 ''Kaiyethum Doorath''] at [[ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:Zee Keralam original programming]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television series based on Telugu-language television series]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series endings]]

Ichalkaranji Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-30T02:17:55Z

RondaWaddell840: Created The Post More To Come...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Ichalkaranji
| map_image =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| established = 1977
| abolished = 2009
| reservation = None
}}
'''Ichalkaranji''' was a [[Lok Sabha]] parliamentary [[constituency]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=delimitation1976>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3939-dpaco-1976/ |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=1 December 1976 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> It was merged into [[Hatkanangle Lok Sabha constituency|Hatkanangle]] constituency after delimitation in 2008

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| colspan="4"|{{center|''1952-67 : See [[Hatkanangle Lok Sabha constituency]]''}}
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
| rowspan="5"|Rajaram Shankarrao Mane
| rowspan="7" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="7"|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|-
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Kallappa Awade]]
|-
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Nivedita Sambhajirao Mane|Nivedita Mane]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
| colspan="4"|{{center|''2008 onwards : See [[Hatkanangle Lok Sabha constituency]]''}}
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Hatkanangle Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Ichalkaranji]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|16.70|74.46|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ichalkaranji Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]

Raj Mehta

2026-04-26T18:12:10Z

RondaWaddell840:

{{short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Raj Mehta
| occupation = {{Hlist|Film director|screenwriter}}
| years_active = 2019{{ndash}}present
}}
'''Raj Mehta''' is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works in Hindi films.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Raj Mehta |url=https://fftgawards.com/team-member/raj-mehta/ |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=FFTG Awards |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=12 April 2021 |title="Raj Mehta is truly one of the best directors I have worked with," shares Abhishek Banerjee : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/raj-mehta-truly-one-best-directors-worked-shares-abhishek-banerjee/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> He has directed films such as ''[[Good Newwz]]'' (2019), ''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]'' (2022), and ''[[Selfiee]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2022-06-25 |title=JugJugg Jeeyo Director Raj Mehta: "Do Not Want To Limit Myself To One Specific Genre" |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/jugjugg-jeeyo-director-raj-mehta-do-not-want-to-limit-myself-to-one-specific-genre/ |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/good-newwz-did-director-raj-mehta-indirectly-reveal-the-climax-of-the-akshay-kumar-starrer/|title=Good Newwz: Did Director Raj Mehta Indirectly Reveal The CLIMAX Of The Akshay Kumar Starrer?|first=Koimoi com|last=Team|date=16 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=FC |first=Team |date=2023-02-23 |title=Selfiee Director Raj Mehta: It is a dream come true for any director to work with Akshay Kumar |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/quick-reads/selfie-director-raj-mehta-it-is-a-dream-come-true-for-any-director-to-work-with-akshay |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Mehta pursued [[filmmaking]] at the [[New York Film Academy]], before foraying into films.<ref name=":0" />

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Director
!Screenwriter
!{{Reference column heading|multi=yes}}
|-
|2019
|''[[Good Newwz]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Partial|Dialogues}}
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Ajeeb Daastaans]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Selfiee]]''
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|
|-
|2026
|{{pending film|Lag Jaa Gale}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-28 |title=Tiger Shroff, Janhvi Kapoor Team Up For Karan Johar-Raj Mehta's Lag Jaa Gale, Shooting Starts In 2025 End - Report |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/tiger-shroff-janhvi-kapoor-team-up-for-karan-johar-raj-mehtas-lag-jaa-gale-shooting-starts-in-2025-end-report-article-151738833 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Koimoi com |date=2025-05-28 |title=Tiger Shroff & Janhvi Kapoor In Raj Mehta's Lag Jaa Gale - All You Need To Know About Dharma Productions' Next! |url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/tiger-shroff-janhvi-kapoor-in-raj-mehtas-lag-jaa-gale-all-you-need-to-know-about-dharma-productions-next/ |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm3262433}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehta, Raj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Jamia Ashraful Uloom

2026-04-26T17:21:52Z

RondaWaddell840:

{{Short description|Islamic educational institution in Odisha}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Jamia Ashraful Uloom
| native_name = جامعہ اشرف العلوم
| established = 1937 (reopened 1984)
| type = Islamic seminary (madrasa)
| affiliation = Odisha State Board of Madarsa Education
| city = [[Kendrapara]]
| state = [[Odisha]]
| country = [[India]]
| language = Urdu, Arabic, Odia, English
| head_label = Principal
| head = Muhammad Farooq Qasmi
}}

'''Jamia Ashraful Uloom''' ({{langx|ur|جامعہ اشرف العلوم}}) is an Islamic educational institution located in [[Kendrapara|Mahmoodabad]], Kendrapara district, in the Indian state of Odisha. It is a residential madrasa offering a combination of religious and modern general education. The institution is registered under the [[Societies Registration Act, 1860|Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860]] and is affiliated with the Odisha State Board of Madarsa Education.<ref name="jau">{{Cite web |title=JAMIA ASHRAFUL ULOOM |url=https://jau.net.in/ |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=jau.net.in |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Alam |first=Suhaib |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SQsGEQAAQBAJ&dq=ashraful+uloom+kendrapara&pg=PT43 |title=Dalīl al-mu'assasāt al-mu'niyah bi-al-lughah al-'Arabiyyah fī al-Hind |date=2024-04-01 |publisher=[[King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language]] |isbn=978-603-8444-25-2 |pages=242–243 |language=ar |trans-title=A Guide to Institutions Concerned with the Arabic Language in India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KsaeAAAAMAAJ&q=ashraful+uloom+kendrapara |title=Directory of Muslim Educational Institutions in India |date=2002 |publisher=Institute of Objective Studies |editor-last=Isḥāq |editor-first=Muḥammad Qamar |page=269 |language=en |editor-last2=Abrār |editor-first2=Rāḥat}}</ref> The current principal of the institution is Muhammad Farooq Qasmi.<ref name="Kar">{{cite news|last=Kar|first=Manoj|date=3 July 2016|title=Principal Muhammad Farooq Qasmi quoted in The Telegraph regarding a former student|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/terror-suspect-reveals-pak-links/cid/1506645|access-date=23 May 2025|work=The Telegraph|language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The madrasa was initially founded in 1937 as a center for Quran memorization. It was closed for several years and later reopened in 1984. It was officially registered as a full-fledged Islamic residential college on 22 December 1986.<ref name="jau" />

== Academics and curriculum ==
Jamia Ashraful Uloom is one of 167 registered madrasas under the Odisha State Board of Madarsa Education (OSBME). It offers both theological and general education subjects, including:
* Theological: Quranic studies, Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), Arabic, Urdu
* General: Odia, English, Mathematics, Science, and History<ref name="express">{{Cite news |last=Agragami |first=S. N. |date=2015-07-07 |title=Odisha Madrasas Far ahead of Other States |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2015/Jul/07/odisha-madrasas-far-ahead-of-other-states-780305.html |access-date=2025-05-23 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="telegraph">{{Cite news |last1=Abraham |first1=Priya |last2=Sharma |first2=Vikash |date=18 December 2015 |title=Govt to monitor madarsa activities |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/govt-to-monitor-madarsa-activities/cid/1460832 |access-date=23 May 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |language=en}}</ref>

The institution is recognized for equivalence by [[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]] (MANUU) for the following programs:
* '''Alim (B.A.)''', including B.A. (Hons-JMC)
* '''Fazil''' (M.A.) in Arabic, Urdu, Persian, Islamic Studies, History, Political Science, Sociology, Economics, Public Administration, Women Education, and Translation Studies<ref name="manuu">{{cite web|title=Updated Madrasa List of Equivalence - English|url=https://www.manuu.ac.in/admissions/Updated%20Madrasa%20List%20of%20Equivalence%20-%20English.pdf|website=Maulana Azad National Urdu University|access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref>

It is also recognized by [[Dr. Abdul Haq Urdu University]] (AHUU) for both regular and distance mode admissions. Approved programs under the '''Alim''' level include:
* Regular mode: B.A., B.A. (Hons-JMC)
* Distance mode: B.A., Diploma in Journalism and Mass Communication (JMC)<ref name="ahuu">{{cite web |title=List of Madrasa Programs Approved by Dr. Abdul Haq Urdu University |url=https://ahuuk.ac.in/assets/FINAL-madrasa%20programs-Urdu%20University.pdf |access-date=23 May 2025 |website=Dr. Abdul Haq Urdu University |page=5}}</ref>

The Odisha Madrasa Board conducts the following examinations:
* '''Wastania''' (Class VII)
* '''Moulvi''' (Class X)
* '''Mahir''' (Plus Two)
* '''Alim''' (B.A. level)
* '''Fazil-e-Hadith''' (Postgraduate in theology)
* '''Fazil-e-Urdu''' (Postgraduate in Urdu)<ref name="telegraph" />

Additionally, the institution holds academic equivalency affiliations with [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] and [[Aligarh Muslim University]] (AMU), facilitating graduates’ access to higher and professional education in mainstream universities.<ref name="jau" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2025 |title=Guide to Admissions 2025-26 |url=https://amucontrollerexams.com/uploads/files/32c8ababaa01d32c8c4bb68d069fd672.pdf |access-date=31 May 2025 |website=AMU Controller of Exam |publisher=[[Aligarh Muslim University]] |page=25 |language=en}}</ref>

== Community Role ==
The institution is considered important for the educational advancement of underprivileged sections of the Muslim community. According to a 2015 study, madrasa education in Odisha provides an accessible alternative to private schooling, especially for economically weaker families.<ref name="express" />

Students are reported to have transitioned successfully to mainstream education systems and achieved respectable positions in society.<ref name="express" />

== Events ==
The madrasa hosts Quranic recitation competitions and religious seminars, some of which involve over 100 affiliated maktabs and madrasas. The institution was previously guided by religious scholars such as the late [[Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi]].<ref name="shahrah">{{Cite web|title=جامعہ اشرف العلوم، محمود آباد، کیندرا پاڑا (اڈیشا)|trans-title=Shahrah-e-Ilm report on Quran competition at Jamia Ashraful Uloom|url=https://shahraheilm.com/جامعہ-اشرف-العلوم،-محمود-آباد،-کیندرا/|website=Shahrah-e-Ilm|date=15 April 2025 |language=ur}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Jamia Islamia Markazul Uloom]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|20.4975|86.4154|type:edu_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Madrasas in India]]
[[Category:Islamic universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1937]]
[[Category:1937 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Schools in Odisha]]
[[Category:Religious schools in India]]

Cobra (2022 film)

2026-04-24T19:36:32Z

RondaWaddell840: started a article!

{{Short description|2022 film directed by R. Ajay Gnanamuthu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Cobra 2022 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[R. Ajay Gnanamuthu]]
| producer = S. S. Lalit Kumar
| writer = {{plainlist|
*R. Ajay Gnanamuthu
*[[Neelan K. Sekar]]
*Kanna Sreevathsan

*Innasi Pandiyan
*Bharat Krishnamachari<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ahWqhAW7_Q |title=Cobra – Release Date Announcement Chiyaan Vikram AR Rahman R Ajay Gnanamuthu 7 Screen Studio |date=20 May 2022 |type=Trailer |publisher=Sony Music South |time=0:35 |access-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521034110/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ahWqhAW7_Q |archive-date=21 May 2022 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]]
*[[Irfan Pathan]]
*[[Srinidhi Shetty]]
*[[Roshan Mathew]]
*[[Sarjano Khalid]]
*[[Mirnalini Ravi]]
*[[Miya George]]
}}
| music = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| cinematography = Harish Kannan
| editing = [[Bhuvan Srinivasan]] John Abraham
| studio = [[Seven Screen Studio]]
| distributor = [[Red Giant Movies]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|08|31}}
| country = India
| runtime = 183 minutes (theatrical release version)<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2022 |title=Cobra CBFC rating and runtime details out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/28/cobra-cbfc-rating-and-runtime-details-out-34160.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828092020/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/28/cobra-cbfc-rating-and-runtime-details-out-34160.html |archive-date=28 August 2022 |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{estimation}} {{INR|100}} crore<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 August 2022 |title=Chiyaan Vikram charges Rs 25 crores for 'Cobra': Reports |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikram-charges-rs-88-crores-for-cobra-reports/articleshow/93856601.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924143254/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikram-charges-rs-88-crores-for-cobra-reports/articleshow/93856601.cms |archive-date=24 September 2022 |access-date=11 September 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
}}

'''''Cobra''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film|psychological action thriller film]] directed by [[R. Ajay Gnanamuthu]] and produced by [[Seven Screen Studio|7 Screen Studio]]. The film stars [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] in a [[dual roles]] as twin brothers, alongside [[Srinidhi Shetty]], [[Irfan Pathan]], [[Roshan Mathew]], [[Sarjano Khalid]], [[Mirnalini Ravi]], [[Miya George]], [[K. S. Ravikumar]], [[Anandaraj]], [[Robo Shankar]] and [[Meenakshi Govindarajan]]. It marked the acting debut of Pathan, previously a cricketer, and the Tamil debuts of Roshan Mathew, Sarjano Khalid and Srinidhi Shetty. In the film, an [[Interpol]] officer is assigned to catch a mysterious assassin, who intelligently assassinates people using mathematical skills, named "Cobra".

The project was officially announced in May 2019 under the tentative title ''Vikram 58'' as it is the actor's 58th film as a lead actor, and the official title was announced in December. [[Principal photography]] commenced in October 2019 and nearly took three years due to the [[impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema]], [[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism|travel restrictions]] and Vikram's commitments on other projects, [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapping]] only in February 2022. It was primarily shot in [[Chennai]], while filming also took place in [[Kerala]], [[Kolkata]] and [[Russia]]. The film has music composed by [[A. R. Rahman]], cinematography handled by Harish Kannan and editing by John Abraham and [[Bhuvan Srinivasan]].

''Cobra'' was released worldwide on 31 August 2022 in theatres, coinciding with [[Ganesh Chaturthi|Vinayaka Chathurthi]]. The film received generally mixed reviews from critics, who praised Vikram's performance, Rahman's music, the cinematography and concept but criticized its convoluted screenwriting and excessive length. The film was a [[box-office bomb]].

== Plot ==
[[General Directorate of Security (Turkey)|Turkish Interpol]] officer, Aslan Yilmaz, investigates the assassinations of the [[Chief Minister of Odisha]], the [[Mayor of Paris|Mayor of France]] and the [[Prince of Scotland]], where he, with a young Tamil [[criminology|criminologist]] Judith Samson, deduces that "Cobra", a skilled assassin, is the mastermind behind the assassinations. The duo learn that Cobra perfectly assassinates his targets using mathematical skills, leading them to believe that the master assassin is a professor of mathematics.

Meanwhile, Mathiyazhagan, "Mathi", a mathematics professor revealed to be Cobra, receives his next assignment from his mentor and senior journalist in [[Kolkata]], Nellaiappan. He is to kill the [[Defence Minister|Russian defence minister]], Dmitri Yugolsav. He travels to [[Russia]], successfully assassinates him and escapes, despite tight security from Interpol and Aslan's plan that almost trapped him. Before Yugolsav's assassination, Aslan and his team watch a telecasted conversation between Nellaiappan and Nawab, who works at a company named ''Rishi Corporation'', where he concludes that the victims connect to the company's owner, Rajeev Rishi, a psychotic and sadistic [[business magnate]], who inherited the company from his father. Rishi runs a criminal syndicate that targets people who oppose his company. Following the engagement to his criminologist girlfriend and Judith's teacher, Bhavana Menon, Mathi learns that someone has kidnapped Nellaiappan and discovers they are targeting him from the beginning of his assignments.

After a clue from [[Sudoku]], Mathi receives a call from the person, who is Mathi's doppelgänger, and he challenges Mathi to save himself from him. An unexpected turn of events reveals "Mathi" to be Kathirvelan "Kathir", Mathi's [[schizophrenia|schizophrenic]] long-lost twin brother, and the doppelgänger who challenged Kathir is the real Mathi. Since Mathi killed the cop for insulting their mother, who received a sentence of hanging after being sentenced to prison for murder, they have been living separately since childhood. Rishi sends men to capture Mathi, but Kathir manages to kill them. Mathi had been holding a grudge against Kathir, as he was responsible for the death of his girlfriend, Jennifer Rosario, who was the daughter of the Kolkata [[police commissioner|city commissioner]] Rosario. Jennifer's relatives threw Mathi away on a boat which reached Thailand, and the police arrested him as a criminal and sentenced him to seven years in prison. Mathi learns about Kathir's identity as Cobra and plans to seek vengeance for Jennifer's death, where he reveals that he was the one who was sending clues about the assassinations to [[Interpol]].

Mathi hands over Kathir to Aslan, where Anand Subramaniam, the investigating officer and Rishi's [[Mole (espionage)|mole]], takes Kathir's help to capture Mathi. Kathir brings them to Mathi's hideout, which is an under-constructed mall. Rishi and his men arrive, and a fight ensues between the gang and Kathir, where he successfully subdues them. Mathi confronts Kathir about Jennifer's death. Kathir reveals that he had arranged for Mathi and Jennifer to leave for [[Bangladesh]], but her father and relatives followed and killed her. After clearing the misunderstanding, Kathir reveals that he killed Jennifer's relatives and locks Mathi in a room. Kathir kills Rishi and his men single-handedly but gets shot and succumbs to his injuries, leaving Mathi and Bhavana devastated.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] in a [[dual role]] as:
** Kathirvelan "Kathir" alias "[[Cobra]]", A Maths Professor.
** Mathiyazhagan "Madhi", a software expert and Kathir's [[twin]] brother
*** [[Sarjano Khalid]] as teenage Mathi and Kathir alias "[[Cobra]]" ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]])
* [[Irfan Pathan]] as Aslan Yilmaz
* [[Roshan Mathew]] as Rajeev Rishi
* [[Srinidhi Shetty]] as Bhavana Menon ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by [[Raveena Ravi]])
* [[Miya George]] as Mathi's and Kathir's mother, an imaginary person who comes into Kathir's mind during schizophrenic effect
* [[Mirnalini Ravi]] as Jennifer Rosario, Madhi's love interest, an imaginary person who comes into Kathir's mind during schizophrenic effect ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by Teju Ashwini)
* [[K. S. Ravikumar]] as Nellaiappan
* [[Anandaraj]] as the head of Mathi's and Kathir's orphanage, an imaginary person who comes into Kathir's mind during schizophrenic effect
* [[Robo Shankar]] as Kumaresan
* [[Shaji Chen]] as Gilbert Rosario, Jennifer's Father
* [[Meenakshi Govindarajan]] as Judith Samson (Judy)
* [[Mohammad Ali Baig]] as Kathir's guru, an imaginary person who comes into Kathir's mind during schizophrenic effect
* Raneesh Thiagajaran as Kolkata police officer
* [[John Vijay]] as Anand Subramaniam
* Jayakumar as Nellaiappan's follower
* [[Adhik Ravichandran]] as Bhavana's relative
* [[Suresh Chandra Menon]] as Nawab
* [[Mamukkoya]] as Bhavana's relative
* [[Poovaiyar]] as N. Sathish
* [[Renuka (actress)|Renuka]] as Bhavana's mother
* [[TSR Srinivasan|Srinivasan]] as Bhavana's relative
* [[Sindhu Shyam]] as Bhavana's relative
* [[Jeeva Ravi]] as Rishi's assistant
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
In May 2019, Producer S. S. Lalit Kumar of 7 Screen Studio and [[Viacom18 Studios]] announced their upcoming project featuring [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], tentatively titled as ''Vikram 58''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2019 |title=Ajay Gnanamuthu to helm Chiyaan Vikram 58 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/chiyaan-vikram-58-ajay-gnanamuthu-5739077/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123162519/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/chiyaan-vikram-58-ajay-gnanamuthu-5739077/ |archive-date=23 November 2021 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film is directed by [[R. Ajay Gnanamuthu]], who previously helmed ''[[Demonte Colony]]'' (2015) and ''[[Imaikkaa Nodigal]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2019 |title=Vikram joins hands with Ajay Gnanamuthu for an action-thriller, see poster |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vikram-joins-hands-with-ajay-gnanamuthu-for-an-action-thriller-see-poster/story-G2J8pIaVwnEG9NhLWWJdhN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526061112/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vikram-joins-hands-with-ajay-gnanamuthu-for-an-action-thriller-see-poster/story-G2J8pIaVwnEG9NhLWWJdhN.html |archive-date=26 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> It was intended to be a [[pan-Indian film]], set for release in five languages, during the summer in April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2019 |title=Viacom18 Studios goes BIG in South |url=https://www.mediainfoline.com/brand/viacom18-studios-goes-big-south |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808142616/https://www.mediainfoline.com/brand/viacom18-studios-goes-big-south |archive-date=8 August 2020 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=Media infoline}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2019 |title=Chiyaan Vikram collaborates with director Ajay Gnanamuthu for his next untitled action thriller – deets inside |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/chiyaan-vikram-collaborates-with-director-ajay-gnanamuthu-for-his-next-untitled-action-thriller-deets-inside-1413896/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527080501/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/chiyaan-vikram-collaborates-with-director-ajay-gnanamuthu-for-his-next-untitled-action-thriller-deets-inside-1413896/ |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> By July 2019, [[A. R. Rahman]] was chosen to score the music for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2019 |title=AR Rahman joins team of 'Vikram 58' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ar-rahman-joins-team-of-vikram-58/article28420538.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419040704/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ar-rahman-joins-team-of-vikram-58/article28420538.ece |archive-date=19 April 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2019 |title=AR Rahman to compose music for Vikram next film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/ar-rahman-to-compose-music-for-vikram-next-film/story-2LYKB3J0MeFYgOeKLM5JFP.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523034935/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/ar-rahman-to-compose-music-for-vikram-next-film/story-2LYKB3J0MeFYgOeKLM5JFP.html |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Stunt choreographer [[Dhilip Subbarayan]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2020 |title=Ajay Gnanamuthu excited to see stunt choreographer Dhilip Subbarayan's work in Cobra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ajay-gnanamuthu-excited-to-see-stunt-choreographer-dhilip-subbarayans-work-in-cobra/articleshow/78530116.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523072541/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ajay-gnanamuthu-excited-to-see-stunt-choreographer-dhilip-subbarayans-work-in-cobra/articleshow/78530116.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2021 |title=கோப்ரா பட சண்டை காட்சிக்கு நாங்க பட்ட கஷ்டம் இருக்கே .. வலிமை பற்றியும் சுப்பராயன் ஓபன் டாக் |trans-title=Dhilip Subbarayan about the hard-times he went through for Cobra fight scenes |url=https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/cobra-movie-fight-sequence-experience-shared-by-dhilip-subbarayan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423054802/https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/cobra-movie-fight-sequence-experience-shared-by-dhilip-subbarayan.html |archive-date=23 April 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=Behindwoods |language=ta}}</ref> and cinematographer [[Sivakumar Vijayan]], were reported to be a part of the technical team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2019 |title=A new addition to Chiyaan Vikram's 'Vikram#58' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-new-addition-to-chiyaan-vikrams-vikram58/articleshow/70229001.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222231613/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-new-addition-to-chiyaan-vikrams-vikram58/articleshow/70229001.cms |archive-date=22 February 2020 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2019 |title=On a different PITCH |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/on-a-different-pitch-847858 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526051627/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/on-a-different-pitch-847858 |archive-date=26 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The Tribune]]}}</ref> Vijayan was later replaced by debutant Harish Kannan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2020 |title=Chiyaan Vikram's cool new retro look from 'Cobra' is out! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikrams-cool-new-retro-look-from-cobra-is-out/articleshow/77146664.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053049/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikrams-cool-new-retro-look-from-cobra-is-out/articleshow/77146664.cms |archive-date=26 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A report from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'', dated 2 August 2019, stated that Vikram will be seen in 25 different looks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2019 |title=Chiyaan Vikram to be seen in 25 different looks in Ajay Gnanamuthu's film? |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/aug/02/chiyaan-vikram-to-be-seen-in-25-different-looks-in-ajay-gnanamuthus-film-2013054.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525001804/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/aug/02/chiyaan-vikram-to-be-seen-in-25-different-looks-in-ajay-gnanamuthus-film-2013054.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

In December, Viacom18 backed out of the project for unknown reasons, and Lalit Kumar was credited as the sole producer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=Vikram 58: Chiyaan Vikram starrer to be named Cobra? Find Out |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/vikram-58-chiyaan-vikram-starrer-be-named-cobra-find-out-494819 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522234920/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/vikram-58-chiyaan-vikram-starrer-be-named-cobra-find-out-494819 |archive-date=22 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> While it was rumoured to be titled as ''Amar'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2019 |title=Vikram's film with Ajay Gnanamuthu titled 'Amar'? |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vikrams-film-ajay-gnanamuthu-titled-amar-113334 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522234546/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vikrams-film-ajay-gnanamuthu-titled-amar-113334 |archive-date=22 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2019 |title=Vikram's next film with Ajay Gnanamuthu titled Amar? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vikram-s-next-film-with-ajay-gnanamuthu-titled-amar/story-G83H5jQsq4Mdb2wSUnXtAM.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524215655/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vikram-s-next-film-with-ajay-gnanamuthu-titled-amar/story-G83H5jQsq4Mdb2wSUnXtAM.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> the makers cleared the rumours by announcing the official title as ''Cobra'' on 25 December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2019 |title=Chiyaan Vikram 58 titled Cobra |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/dec/25/vikram-58-now-titled-cobra-chiyaan-ajay-gnanamuthu-ar-rahman-16216.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514152624/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/dec/25/vikram-58-now-titled-cobra-chiyaan-ajay-gnanamuthu-ar-rahman-16216.html |archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> The team titled the film "Cobra" because it resembles the pivotal character of snake [[cobra]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2019 |title=Vikram's next with Ajay Gnanamuthu titled 'Cobra', motion poster out |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vikrams-next-ajay-gnanamuthu-titled-cobra-motion-poster-out-114769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523022837/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vikrams-next-ajay-gnanamuthu-titled-cobra-motion-poster-out-114769 |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2019 |title=Vikram's film with Ajay Gnanamuthu titled Cobra |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vikram-s-film-with-ajay-gnanamuthu-titled-cobra-details-inside-1631524-2019-12-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523021655/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vikram-s-film-with-ajay-gnanamuthu-titled-cobra-details-inside-1631524-2019-12-26 |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Gnanamuthu, further revealed in an interview to ''[[The Times of India]]'', saying "The protagonist's character and cobra has a link", and revealing anything further would give away key plot details. He added, "Also, since the film is made in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi, I wanted a title that works in all languages. Hence, we zeroed in on Cobra".<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2019 |title=Vikram's character and cobra have a link: Ajay Gnanamuthu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-character-and-cobra-has-a-link-ajay-gnanamuthu/articleshow/72966924.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514152614/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-character-and-cobra-has-a-link-ajay-gnanamuthu/articleshow/72966924.cms |archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Speaking to ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'', Gnanamuthu described ''Cobra'' as a multi-genre film and includes various genres such as [[Psychological fiction|psychological]], [[science fiction]], [[Thriller film|thriller]] and [[Action film|action]]. Vikram's character was revealed to be a mathematician and a shape-shifter, who uses mathematics for criminal activities.<ref name="NaKathirvelan">{{Cite web |last=கதிர்வேலன் |first=நா. |date=14 July 2022 |title=நடுங்கும் குளிரில் விக்ரமின் நம்பர் விளையாட்டு! - 'கோப்ரா' ஸ்பெஷல் |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/director-ajay-gnanamuthu-interview-cobra-movie |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823101055/https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/director-ajay-gnanamuthu-interview-cobra-movie |archive-date=23 August 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
{{Quote box
| quote="The casting is amazing… I have been a big fan of Vikram, and I have seen most of his films. And another major reason behind accepting the project is to work with A.R. Rahman".
| author = — [[Irfan Pathan]] on acting in ''Cobra''
| source = [[Sportstar]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2019 |title=Lights, camera, action! Irfan Pathan to act in Tamil movie |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/starlife/lights-camera-action-irfan-pathan-to-act-in-tamil-movie-actor-vikram-ar-rahman/article29682139.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625180127/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/starlife/lights-camera-action-irfan-pathan-to-act-in-tamil-movie-actor-vikram-ar-rahman/article29682139.ece |archive-date=25 June 2021 |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
| align = right
| width = 30%
}}
In late October 2019, the makers announced that [[Srinidhi Shetty]], would play the female lead. This film marks her debut in Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mondal |first=Rohit |date=17 October 2019 |title=KGF actor Srinidhi Shetty join the cast of Vikram 58 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kgf-actor-srinidhi-shetty-joins-the-cast-of-vikram-58-6072988/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516235336/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kgf-actor-srinidhi-shetty-joins-the-cast-of-vikram-58-6072988/lite/ |archive-date=16 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title='KGF' actor Srinidhi Shetty to star opposite Vikram in his next |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kgf-actor-srinidhi-shetty-star-opposite-vikram-his-next-110686 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018130355/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kgf-actor-srinidhi-shetty-star-opposite-vikram-his-next-110686 |archive-date=18 October 2019 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> Shetty was cast after a successful audition, and Gnanamuthu called her role a "complete contrast" to what she played in the [[Kannada]] film ''[[KGF: Chapter 1]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Srinidhi Shetty excited to be making my Tamil film debut with Vikram58 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/srinidhi-shetty-excited-to-be-making-my-tamil-film-debut-with-vikram58/articleshow/71614413.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523132943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/srinidhi-shetty-excited-to-be-making-my-tamil-film-debut-with-vikram58/articleshow/71614413.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Former Indian cricketer [[Irfan Pathan]] signed to play a pivotal role in the project.<ref>{{Cite news |last=CR |first=Sharanya |date=15 October 2019 |title=Irfan to debut in K-Town with Vikram-Ajay's film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/irfan-to-debut-in-k-town-with-vikram-ajays-film/articleshow/71581024.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809220952/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/irfan-to-debut-in-k-town-with-vikram-ajays-film/articleshow/71581024.cms |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> This also marks his debut in Indian film industry.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 October 2019 |title=Irfan Pathan, Harbhajan Singh to make Kollywood entries with 'Vikram 58' and 'Dikkiloona' respectively |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/irfan-pathan-harbhajan-singh-to-make-kollywood-entries-with-vikram-58-and-dikkiloona-respectively/article29682012.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422033830/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/irfan-pathan-harbhajan-singh-to-make-kollywood-entries-with-vikram-58-and-dikkiloona-respectively/article29682012.ece |archive-date=22 April 2021 |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=15 October 2019 |title=Irfan Pathan is on board Vikram 58 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/141019/irfan-pathan-is-on-board-vikram-58.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225085354/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/141019/irfan-pathan-is-on-board-vikram-58.html |archive-date=25 December 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2019 |title=Irfan Pathan joins the cast of Vikram's next with Ajay Gnanamuthu |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/oct/14/irfan-pathan-joins-the-cast-of-vikrams-next-with-ajay-gnanamuthu-14889.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119175951/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/oct/14/irfan-pathan-joins-the-cast-of-vikrams-next-with-ajay-gnanamuthu-14889.html |archive-date=19 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> Gnanamuthu had watched several of his [[TikTok]] videos, and impressed by his acting stints he met Pathan at his house in [[Vadodara]], [[Gujarat]], who later agreed to be a part of the film.<ref name="NaKathirvelan" /> On his birthday, the team revealed his look and character name as Aslan Yilmaz, an [[Interpol]] agent.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2020 |title=Irfan Pathan's look in his debut film revealed; to play the role of Aslan Yilmaz in Chiyaan Vikram's Cobra |url=https://www.crictracker.com/irfan-pathans-look-in-his-debut-film-revealed-to-play-the-role-of-aslan-yilmaz-in-chiyaan-vikrams-cobra/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129162333/https://www.crictracker.com/irfan-pathans-look-in-his-debut-film-revealed-to-play-the-role-of-aslan-yilmaz-in-chiyaan-vikrams-cobra/ |archive-date=29 January 2022 |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=CricTracker}}</ref>

In late October, [[K. S. Ravikumar]] joined the cast and shot for a few days.<ref name="Ravikumar">{{Cite news |last=Lakshmi |first=V. |date=12 November 2019 |title=KS Ravikumar joins Vikram in Ajay Gnanamuthu's thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ks-ravikumar-joins-vikram-in-ajay-gnanamuthus-thriller/articleshow/72007510.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110141022/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ks-ravikumar-joins-vikram-in-ajay-gnanamuthus-thriller/articleshow/72007510.cms |archive-date=10 January 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Gnanamuthu stated that his character will be a "complex" one and "quite integral to the script".<ref name="Ravikumar" /> In January 2020, [[Mirnalini Ravi]] was roped in to the cast,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=Mirnalini Ravi in Vikram's Cobra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mirnalini-ravi-in-vikrams-cobra/articleshow/73069628.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523080748/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mirnalini-ravi-in-vikrams-cobra/articleshow/73069628.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and in the same month [[Robo Shankar]] also joined as one of the supporting actors.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 January 2020 |title=Robo Shankar to share the frame with Chiyaan Vikram in 'Cobra'? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/robo-shankar-to-share-frame-with-chiyaan-vikram-in-cobra/articleshow/73423287.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129190008/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/robo-shankar-to-share-frame-with-chiyaan-vikram-in-cobra/articleshow/73423287.cms |archive-date=29 January 2022 |access-date=29 January 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Ajay Gnanamuthu chose to sign [[Shane Nigam]] for an important role in this flick, after being impressed by his performance in the Malayalam film ''[[Kumbalangi Nights]]'' (2019).<ref name="sar" /> However, the Kerala Film Producers Association (KFPA), had written to the [[South Indian Film Chamber of Commerce]] (SIFC), requesting a ban on the actor until he pays the producers of two of his cancelled films. [[Sarjano Khalid]] was brought in as the film's replacement.<ref name="sar">{{Cite news |date=31 January 2020 |title=Sarjano Khalid replaces Shane Nigam in Vikram's 'Cobra' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sarjano-khalid-replaces-shane-nigam-in-vikrams-cobra/articleshow/73795107.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202120509/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sarjano-khalid-replaces-shane-nigam-in-vikrams-cobra/articleshow/73795107.cms |archive-date=2 February 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2020 |title=Malayalam actor Sarjano Khalid replaces Shane Nigam in Vikram's Cobra |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/malayalam-actor-sarjano-khalid-replaces-shane-nigam-in-vikram-s-cobra-1642292-2020-02-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424155407/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/malayalam-actor-sarjano-khalid-replaces-shane-nigam-in-vikram-s-cobra-1642292-2020-02-01 |archive-date=24 April 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Theatre personality [[Mohammad Ali Baig]], was also cast in February 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Murthy |first=Neeraja |date=24 June 2021 |title=Mohammad Ali Baig on playing diverse roles on stage and digital screen |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/mohammad-ali-baig-on-his-role-in-the-telugu-web-series-in-the-name-of-god/article34946248.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902062331/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/mohammad-ali-baig-on-his-role-in-the-telugu-web-series-in-the-name-of-god/article34946248.ece |archive-date=2 September 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 February 2020 |title=Mohammad Ali Baig joins the cast of Vikram's Cobra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mohammad-ali-baig-joins-the-cast-of-vikrams-cobra/articleshow/73872020.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514152618/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mohammad-ali-baig-joins-the-cast-of-vikrams-cobra/articleshow/73872020.cms |archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=2 January 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In April 2020, Malayalam actors [[Roshan Mathew]], [[Miya George]], and [[Mamukkoya]] were included in the cast.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2020 |title=Roshan Mathew and Miya in Vikram's Cobra? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/roshan-mathew-and-miya-in-vikrams-cobra/articleshow/75217629.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523025419/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/roshan-mathew-and-miya-in-vikrams-cobra/articleshow/75217629.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2020 |title=Mamukkoya to make his Tamil debut with Cobra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mamukkoya-to-make-his-tamil-debut-with-cobra/articleshow/75230904.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523181133/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mamukkoya-to-make-his-tamil-debut-with-cobra/articleshow/75230904.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2020 |title=Cobra: Here's what we know about Vikram-starrer so far Entertainment |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/what-we-know-about-vikram-starrer-cobra-so-far-6288883/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831083311/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/what-we-know-about-vikram-starrer-cobra-so-far-6288883/ |archive-date=31 August 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> It is the Tamil debut of Roshan Mathew.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U87BarkROtU |title=Roshan Mathew On His Tamil Debut Film Cobra India Today e-Mind Rocks 2021 |date=20 August 2021 |type=Video |publisher=India Today |access-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523133433/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U87BarkROtU |archive-date=23 May 2022 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
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| footer = Apart from primary shooting in [[Chennai]], the film was also shot in [[Alleppey]], [[Kerala]] and [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2019 |title=Vikram shoots for his next with director Ajay Gnanamuthu in Alleppey |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vikram-shoots-his-next-director-ajay-gnanamuthu-alleppey-112331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823145603/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vikram-shoots-his-next-director-ajay-gnanamuthu-alleppey-112331 |archive-date=23 August 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2020 |title=Cobra: Chiyaan Vikram heads to Kolkata to shoot for the film's next schedule? |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/cobra-chiyaan-vikram-heads-kolkata-shoot-film-s-next-schedule-585669 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823151105/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/cobra-chiyaan-vikram-heads-kolkata-shoot-film-s-next-schedule-585669 |archive-date=23 August 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref>
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Principal photography began on 4 October 2019 in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2019 |title=Vikram-58 starts rolling from October 4 |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-58-starts-rolling-from-october-4-news-tamil-tkcjdlgidfejb.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704193417/https://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-58-starts-rolling-from-october-4-news-tamil-tkcjdlgidfejb.html |archive-date=4 July 2020 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> While Pathan joined the sets of the shoot on 15 October, Shetty joined only at the end of the month.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2019 |title=Srinidhi Shetty begins shooting for Vikram 58 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/srinidhi-shetty-begins-shooting-for-vikram-58/articleshow/71833386.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523034935/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/srinidhi-shetty-begins-shooting-for-vikram-58/articleshow/71833386.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The former had finished the first schedule of the film on 6 November 2019 in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2019 |title=Cricketer Irfan Pathan completes first schedule of Vikram 58, thanks Tamil people |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/cricketer-irfan-pathan-completes-first-schedule-of-vikram-58-thanks-tamil-people-1616096-2019-11-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525001804/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/cricketer-irfan-pathan-completes-first-schedule-of-vikram-58-thanks-tamil-people-1616096-2019-11-06 |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2019 |title=Cricketer Irfan Pathan wraps up first schedule of his Tamil debut, Chiyaan Vikram 58 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/nov/05/cricketer-irfan-pathan-wraps-up-first-schedule-of-his-tamil-debut-chiyaan-vikram-58-15331.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522234546/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/nov/05/cricketer-irfan-pathan-wraps-up-first-schedule-of-his-tamil-debut-chiyaan-vikram-58-15331.html |archive-date=22 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> On 11 November 2019, Vikram and his team headed to Alleppey for a song shoot, which was completed within two days.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Thinkal |date=12 November 2019 |title=Vikram shoots a song in Alleppey for Vikram 58! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-shoots-a-song-in-alleppey-for-vikram-58/articleshow/72007497.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514155638/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-shoots-a-song-in-alleppey-for-vikram-58/articleshow/72007497.cms |archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> By the end of November 2019, the second schedule of filming was completed in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title="AT TIMES WE GET VERY EMOTIONALLY ATTACHED TO A FILM…" – VIKRAM 58 DIRECTOR! |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/vikram-58-director-ajay-gnanamuthu-wishes-dhruv-for-adithya-varma.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213100735/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/vikram-58-director-ajay-gnanamuthu-wishes-dhruv-for-adithya-varma.html |archive-date=13 December 2019 |access-date=4 July 2020 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> The third schedule of the film took place in Chennai in December 2019. The makers planned to shoot a few sequences across Russia and Europe in January 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2019 |title=Cobra: Chiyaan Vikram starrer to be filmed in Russia and Europe; DEETS inside |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/cobra-chiyaan-vikram-starrer-be-filmed-russia-and-europe-deets-inside-495565 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527015201/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/cobra-chiyaan-vikram-starrer-be-filmed-russia-and-europe-deets-inside-495565 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> Meanwhile, on 17 January, the makers headed to Kolkata to prepare for the third schedule.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 2020 |title=Vikram's 'Cobra' team start shooting in Kolkata |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-cobra-team-start-shooting-in-kolkata/articleshow/73319110.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527033358/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-cobra-team-start-shooting-in-kolkata/articleshow/73319110.cms |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Irfan Pathan completed his portions for the flick on 21 January, during the fourth schedule.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 January 2020 |title=Irfan Pathan wraps up shooting for Ajay Gnanamuthu's 'Cobra' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/irfan-pathan-wraps-up-shooting-for-ajay-gnanamuthus-cobra/articleshow/73480504.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523014209/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/irfan-pathan-wraps-up-shooting-for-ajay-gnanamuthus-cobra/articleshow/73480504.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On 6 February, the makers planned to shoot the climax sequence in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=Climax scene for Vikram's 'Cobra' to be shot in THIS country? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/climax-scene-for-vikrams-cobra-to-be-shot-in-this-country/articleshow/73983442.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523021633/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/climax-scene-for-vikrams-cobra-to-be-shot-in-this-country/articleshow/73983442.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On 7 February 2020, the makers shot a crucial sequence at the [[Ramee Mall]] in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2020 |title=Cobra shooting underway in a city mall? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cobra-shooting-underway-in-a-city-mall/articleshow/74008901.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514154134/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cobra-shooting-underway-in-a-city-mall/articleshow/74008901.cms |archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2020 |title=CHIYAAN VIKRAM'S COBRA IS HAPPENING IN THIS POPULAR MALL IN CHENNAI – FINAL SHOOT PLAN REVEALED! |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/chiyaan-vikram-and-ajay-gnanamuthu-s-cobra-current-and-final-shoot-details.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704222743/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/chiyaan-vikram-and-ajay-gnanamuthu-s-cobra-current-and-final-shoot-details.html |archive-date=4 July 2020 |access-date=4 July 2020 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

Vikram and Gnanamuthu began filming in Russia in March 2020, despite fears that [[COVID-19 pandemic in Russia|COVID-19]] might spread.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2020 |title=Makers of Chiyaan Vikram starrer Cobra to shoot in Russia amid coronavirus outbreak |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/makers-chiyaan-vikram-starrer-cobra-shoot-russia-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522225802/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/makers-chiyaan-vikram-starrer-cobra-shoot-russia-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/ |archive-date=22 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2020 |title=Cobra director Ajay Gnanamuthu confirms he is not directing Thalapathy 65 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/cobra-director-ajay-gnanamuthu-confirms-not-directing-thalapathy-65/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704214720/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/cobra-director-ajay-gnanamuthu-confirms-not-directing-thalapathy-65/ |archive-date=4 July 2020 |access-date=4 July 2020 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> A rapid spread of COVID-19 forced the crew to halt filming and return to India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2020 |title=Vikram's Cobra wraps up shoot halfway due to Corona scare |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-cobra-wraps-up-shoot-halfway-due-to-corona-scare/articleshow/74592940.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525003106/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-cobra-wraps-up-shoot-halfway-due-to-corona-scare/articleshow/74592940.cms |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film's shoot was further affected due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], as 25% of the shoot is pending as of March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=30 June 2020 |title=Animation of Thumbi Thullal adds to attraction |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/300620/animation-of-thumbi-thullal-adds-to-attraction.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704201315/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/300620/animation-of-thumbi-thullal-adds-to-attraction.html |archive-date=4 July 2020 |access-date=4 July 2020 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> Ajay Gnanamuthu announced he would take a pay cut for the film, in order to help producers during these challenging times.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2020 |title='Cobra' director Ajay Gnanamuthu takes a cut in his pay to help the producers in the current time of crisis |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cobra-director-ajay-gnanamuthu-takes-a-cut-in-his-pay-to-help-the-producers-in-the-current-time-of-crisis/articleshow/77331169.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526002918/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cobra-director-ajay-gnanamuthu-takes-a-cut-in-his-pay-to-help-the-producers-in-the-current-time-of-crisis/articleshow/77331169.cms |archive-date=26 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The lack of international travel facilities made it impossible for the team to shoot in Russia, so they created huge sets resembling the country in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2020 |title=Team 'Cobra' to create massive sets like Russia for the Vikram starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/team-cobra-to-create-massive-sets-like-russia-for-the-vikram-starrer/articleshow/78218016.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523182640/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/team-cobra-to-create-massive-sets-like-russia-for-the-vikram-starrer/articleshow/78218016.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The team began dubbing the film in October 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 October 2020 |title=Vikram's Cobra dubbing begins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-cobra-dubbing-begins/articleshow/78866885.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215213516/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-cobra-dubbing-begins/articleshow/78866885.cms |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Filming resumed on 3 December 2020 in Chennai, with Vikram joining the sets.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 December 2020 |title=Chiyaan Vikram's 'Cobra' shoot resumes in Chennai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikrams-cobra-shoot-resumes-in-chennai/articleshow/79541948.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214160330/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikrams-cobra-shoot-resumes-in-chennai/articleshow/79541948.cms |archive-date=14 December 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> After completing the schedule, the team travelled to [[Kolkata]] on 22 December 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 December 2020 |title=Vikram heads Kolkata to shoot the next schedule of 'Cobra' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-heads-kolkata-to-shoot-the-next-schedule-of-cobra/articleshow/79835964.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221123930/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-heads-kolkata-to-shoot-the-next-schedule-of-cobra/articleshow/79835964.cms |archive-date=21 December 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> However, since Vikram was also involved in the shooting of ''[[Production of Ponniyin Selvan: I and Ponniyin Selvan: II|Ponniyin Selvan]]'' during mid-January 2021, the team decided to shoot a few scenes without him and the production team stated that the actor would join the shoot once his portions were completed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 January 2021 |title=Vikram to resume Cobra shooting after Ponniyin Selvan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-to-resume-cobra-shooting-after-ponniyin-selvan/articleshow/80597393.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514153822/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-to-resume-cobra-shooting-after-ponniyin-selvan/articleshow/80597393.cms |archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=3 June 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Shetty completed her shoot on 7 February 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 February 2021 |title=Srinidhi Shetty completes shooting for Cobra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/srinidhi-shetty-completes-shooting-for-cobra/articleshow/80732633.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528054146/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/srinidhi-shetty-completes-shooting-for-cobra/articleshow/80732633.cms |archive-date=28 May 2022 |access-date=3 June 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
[[File:Вид на Исторический музей в сторону Красной площади.jpg|thumb|The final schedule of the film took place in [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2021 |title=Vikram resumes Cobra shoot in Russia |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vikram-resumes-cobra-shoot-in-russia-7202357/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823145605/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vikram-resumes-cobra-shoot-in-russia-7202357/ |archive-date=23 August 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>]]
Ajay Gnanamuthu was unsatisfied with the portions shot on the sets, so the team decided to go back to Russia in mid-February 2021, despite the cold weather.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2021 |title=Director Ajay Gnanmuthu works for 'Cobra' in extreme climatic conditions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/director-ajay-gnanmuthu-works-for-cobra-in-extreme-climatic-conditions/articleshow/80923867.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523192837/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/director-ajay-gnanmuthu-works-for-cobra-in-extreme-climatic-conditions/articleshow/80923867.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On 22 February 2021, Vikram joined the film's shoot in Moscow,<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2021 |title=Vikram jets off to Russia to join Ajay Gnanamuthu's 'Cobra' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-jets-off-to-russia-to-join-ajay-gnanamuthus-cobra/articleshow/81151267.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525002407/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-jets-off-to-russia-to-join-ajay-gnanamuthus-cobra/articleshow/81151267.cms |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> where the final portions of the film were being filmed. Pathan joined them on 26 February 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 2021 |title=Irfan Pathan joins Vikram in Russia for the last schedule of 'Cobra' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/irfan-pathan-joins-vikram-in-russia-for-the-last-schedule-of-cobra/articleshow/81224599.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528230727/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/irfan-pathan-joins-vikram-in-russia-for-the-last-schedule-of-cobra/articleshow/81224599.cms |archive-date=28 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The team filmed a few scenes at [[Saint Petersburg State University]] on 2 March 2021 as part of their final schedule.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2021 |title='Cobra': Ajay Gnanamuthu shoots at a popular university in Russia |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cobra-ajay-gnanamuthu-shoots-at-a-popular-university-in-russia/articleshow/81288050.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526022324/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cobra-ajay-gnanamuthu-shoots-at-a-popular-university-in-russia/articleshow/81288050.cms |archive-date=26 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The team completed the major portions of the film on 5 March 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Das |first=Soumitra |date=5 March 2021 |title=Irfan Pathan's experience of shooting in Russia for Vikram's Cobra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/irfan-pathans-experience-of-shooting-in-russia-for-vikrams-cobra/articleshow/81328866.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514155329/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/irfan-pathans-experience-of-shooting-in-russia-for-vikrams-cobra/articleshow/81328866.cms |archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 March 2021 |title=Vikram's Cobra team back in Chennai after Russia schedule |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-cobra-team-back-in-chennai-after-russia-schedule/articleshow/81480477.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522234920/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-cobra-team-back-in-chennai-after-russia-schedule/articleshow/81480477.cms |archive-date=22 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Shooting was delayed, apparently due to Vikram's commitments with [[Karthik Subbaraj]]'s directorial ''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]'' (2022) produced by the same production company 7 Screen Studio and the subsequent lock-down implemented by the government to curb the second wave of the pandemic.<ref name="ReleaseDelay">{{Cite news |date=16 March 2021 |title=The release of Vikram's 'Cobra' further gets delayed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-release-of-vikrams-cobra-further-gets-delayed/articleshow/81532369.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527044956/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-release-of-vikrams-cobra-further-gets-delayed/articleshow/81532369.cms |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> After the shooting of ''Mahaan'' concluded, the team restarted production on 15 August 2021, with the commencement of a minor schedule in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 2021 |title=Chiyaan Vikram to head to Kolkata for the final schedule of 'Cobra' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikram-to-head-to-kolkata-for-the-final-schedule-of-cobra/articleshow/85321237.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527034344/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikram-to-head-to-kolkata-for-the-final-schedule-of-cobra/articleshow/85321237.cms |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> After the producer's parallel projects and Vikram's other commitments, the team started its final schedule in Chennai on 24 November 2021 and continued for a month.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 November 2021 |title=Vikram's Cobra final schedule begin in Chennai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/team-cobra-shoots-the-final-schedule-of-the-film-at-green-mat-studio-in-chennai/articleshow/87886568.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526233446/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/team-cobra-shoots-the-final-schedule-of-the-film-at-green-mat-studio-in-chennai/articleshow/87886568.cms |archive-date=26 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 December 2021 |title=Special Christmas Treat for Vikram fans; BTS image from the sets of 'Cobra' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/special-christmas-treat-for-vikram-fans-bts-image-from-the-sets-of-cobra/articleshow/88493639.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129170044/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/special-christmas-treat-for-vikram-fans-bts-image-from-the-sets-of-cobra/articleshow/88493639.cms |archive-date=29 January 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Vikram completed his portions in January 2022,<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 January 2022 |title=Chiyaan Vikram wraps up shoot for Cobra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikram-wraps-up-shoot-for-cobra/articleshow/88716920.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129170045/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikram-wraps-up-shoot-for-cobra/articleshow/88716920.cms |archive-date=29 January 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and on 15 February 2022, Gnanamuthu tweeted that the filming was completely [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 February 2022 |title=Vikram's Cobra shooting finally wrapped up! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-cobra-shooting-finally-wrapped-up/articleshow/89586873.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215075700/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-cobra-shooting-finally-wrapped-up/articleshow/89586873.cms |archive-date=15 February 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2022 |title=After three years in the making Vikram's Cobra wraps up shoot |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/02/15/after-three-years-in-the-making-vikrams-cobra-wraps-up-shoot |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823094825/https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/02/15/after-three-years-in-the-making-vikrams-cobra-wraps-up-shoot |archive-date=23 August 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[DT Next]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Cobra (soundtrack)}}
The film's music was composed by [[A. R. Rahman]] marking his first collaboration with director Ajay Gnanamuthu. It is also his fourth film starring Vikram after ''[[Pudhiya Mannargal]]'' (1994), ''[[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]]'' (2010) and ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]'' (2015).<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2019 |title=AR Rahman to compose music for Vikram's next with Ajay Gnanamuthu |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ar-rahman-compose-music-vikrams-next-ajay-gnanamuthu-105417 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225053949/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ar-rahman-compose-music-vikrams-next-ajay-gnanamuthu-105417 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> The songs for the film featured lyrics written by [[Thamarai]], [[Pa. Vijay]] and [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2019 |title=AR Rahman joins the team of 'Vikram 58' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ar-rahman-joins-team-of-vikram-58/article28420538.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419040704/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ar-rahman-joins-team-of-vikram-58/article28420538.ece |archive-date=19 April 2022 |access-date=2 January 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The first single titled "Thumbi Thullal" released on 22 June 2020. It was written by [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]] and sung by [[Nakul Abhyankar]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2020 |title=A.R. Rahman – Thumbi Thullal (From "Cobra") |url=https://tidal.com/browse/album/146816479 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704200807/https://tidal.com/browse/album/146816479 |archive-date=4 July 2020 |access-date=4 July 2020 |website=[[Tidal (service)|Tidal]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2020 |title=AR Rahman's festive 'Thumbi Thullal' from Vikram's 'Cobra' is out |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ar-rahmans-festive-thumbi-thullal-vikrams-cobra-out-127600 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702031242/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ar-rahmans-festive-thumbi-thullal-vikrams-cobra-out-127600 |archive-date=2 July 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> The second single titled "Adheeraa" was released on 15 April 2022. It was written by [[Pa. Vijay]] and sung by Vagu Mazan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2022 |title=Cobra second single: 'Adheeraa' became a melodious party number |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/04/17/cobra-second-single-adheeraa-promises-to-be-a-melodious-party-number |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831084031/https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/04/17/cobra-second-single-adheeraa-promises-to-be-a-melodious-party-number |archive-date=31 August 2022 |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=[[DT Next]]}}</ref> The third single titled "Uyir Uruguthey" was released on 4 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title=AR Rahman's soul-stirring melody from Chiyaan Vikram starrer 'Cobra' is here! |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ar-rahman-chiyaan-vikram-cobra-third-single-melody-song-review-release-viral-latest-update-tamil-news-319232 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831084030/https://www.indiaglitz.com/ar-rahman-chiyaan-vikram-cobra-third-single-melody-song-review-release-viral-latest-update-tamil-news-319232 |archive-date=31 August 2022 |access-date=5 July 2022 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2022 |title=Uyir Uruguthe Song From Vikram Starrer Cobra Set to Release Today |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/uyir-uruguthe-song-from-vikram-starrer-cobra-set-to-release-today-5488279.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191313/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/uyir-uruguthe-song-from-vikram-starrer-cobra-set-to-release-today-5488279.html |archive-date=5 July 2022 |access-date=5 July 2022 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> The audio launch was held at [[Phoenix Marketcity (Chennai)|Phoenix Marketcity, Chennai]] on 15 July 2022, featuring the cast and crew in attendance and the songs were performed live by Rahman and his musical team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2022 |title=Vikram to attend 'Cobra' audio launch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-to-attend-cobra-audio-launch/articleshow/92777792.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711154743/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-to-attend-cobra-audio-launch/articleshow/92777792.cms |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2022 |title=Vikram's Cobra tracklist out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jul/10/vikrams-cobra-tracklist-out-32647.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711223451/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jul/10/vikrams-cobra-tracklist-out-32647.html |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
''Cobra'' was released in theatres on 31 August 2022.<ref name="CE">{{Cite web |date=9 August 2022 |title=Vikram starrer Cobra gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/09/vikram-starrer-cobra-gets-a-new-release-date-33588.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810150602/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/09/vikram-starrer-cobra-gets-a-new-release-date-33588.html |archive-date=10 August 2022 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> The film was originally scheduled for a release coinciding with the [[Eid al-Fitr]] weekend, falling on 22 May 2020,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=22 January 2020 |title=After 'Darbar' and 'Pattas', Kollywood is looking at festival films |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/all-eyes-on-festival-films/article30622503.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704203530/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/all-eyes-on-festival-films/article30622503.ece |archive-date=4 July 2020 |access-date=4 July 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> which was postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2020 |title='Master' to 'Annaatthe': Five films that missed to release in 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/master-to-annaatthe-five-films-that-missed-to-release-in-2020/photostory/79744687.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523030932/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/master-to-annaatthe-five-films-that-missed-to-release-in-2020/photostory/79744687.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In March 2021, it has been said that the post-production of the film might take a longer-time than planned and many sequences had to be re-shot, since Ajay Gnanamuthu was disappointed on shooting the Russia schedule by replicating terrains, rather than filming in real locations, which he felt was "not authentic", irrespective of the difficulties faced by travel restrictions due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="ReleaseDelay" /> During the production, Seven Screen Studios had refuted claims of releasing on a streaming service, and re-assured the plans of theatrical release.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 April 2021 |title=Chiyaan Vikram's Cobra not to release on OTT |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikrams-cobra-not-to-release-on-ott/articleshow/82001082.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528075105/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikrams-cobra-not-to-release-on-ott/articleshow/82001082.cms |archive-date=28 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It has been stated that this film will be released after Lalit Kumar's another production with Vikram, the [[Karthik Subbaraj]]-directorial ''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 June 2021 |title=Chiyaan Vikram's 'Chiyaan 60' to release before 'Cobra' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikrams-chiyaan-60-to-release-before-cobra/articleshow/83683543.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523030925/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-vikrams-chiyaan-60-to-release-before-cobra/articleshow/83683543.cms |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In May 2022, the film was set to be released on 11 August 2022, during the [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2022 |title=Vikram's 'Cobra' to release in theatres on August 11 |url=https://theprint.in/features/vikrams-cobra-to-release-in-theatres-on-august-11/964324/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823102928/https://theprint.in/features/vikrams-cobra-to-release-in-theatres-on-august-11/964324/ |archive-date=23 August 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[ThePrint]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2022 |title=Vikram-Starrer 'Cobra' To Hit Screens On August 11 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/vikram-starrer-cobra-to-hit-screens-on-august-11-news-202439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823102921/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/vikram-starrer-cobra-to-hit-screens-on-august-11-news-202439 |archive-date=23 August 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]}}</ref> Due to post-production delays, the film was released on 31 August 2022, coinciding with [[Vinayagar Chathurthi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2022 |title=It's Official: Vikram's Cobra to release on August 31 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/its-official-vikrams-cobra-to-release-on-august-31/articleshow/93457758.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809131733/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/its-official-vikrams-cobra-to-release-on-august-31/articleshow/93457758.cms |archive-date=9 August 2022 |access-date=9 August 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2022 |title=Cobra pushed to Aug 31; Viruman likely to be advanced |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/07/21/cobra-pushed-to-aug-31-viruman-likely-to-be-advanced |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721105331/https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/07/21/cobra-pushed-to-aug-31-viruman-likely-to-be-advanced |archive-date=21 July 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[DT Next]]}}</ref> The film received negative response due to its three-hour duration, which led the makers to release a trimmed version on 1 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2022 |title=Chiyaan Vikram's Cobra trimmed by 20 minutes after negative reviews |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/chiyaan-vikram-s-cobra-trimmed-by-20-minutes-after-negative-reviews-1995151-2022-09-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008010648/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/chiyaan-vikram-s-cobra-trimmed-by-20-minutes-after-negative-reviews-1995151-2022-09-01 |archive-date=8 October 2022 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

=== Distribution ===
The film's distribution rights in [[Tamil Nadu]] were acquired by [[Red Giant Movies]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2022 |title=Cobra's TN theatrical rights bagged by Red Giant Movies |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/06/27/cobras-tn-theatrical-rights-bagged-by-red-giant-movies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628025423/https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/06/27/cobras-tn-theatrical-rights-bagged-by-red-giant-movies |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=[[DT Next]]}}</ref> The [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] distribution rights have been acquired by NVR Cinemas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2022 |title=தமிழக உரிமத்தை தொடர்ந்து 'கோப்ரா' படத்தின் தெலுங்கு உரிமம்! கைப்பற்றிய முன்னணி நிறுவனம் |url=https://m.behindwoods.com/ta/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/nvr-cinema-for-distribution-of-cobra-in-andhra-and-telangana.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703052636/https://m.behindwoods.com/ta/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/nvr-cinema-for-distribution-of-cobra-in-andhra-and-telangana.html |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=Behindwoods |language=ta}}</ref> The [[Kerala]] distribution rights were acquired by Iffaar Media and Dream Big Films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2022 |title=விக்ரம் நடிக்கும் 'கோப்ரா'.. கேரளா ரிலீஸ் உரிமத்தை இவங்க தான் வாங்கிருக்காங்க! |url=https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/vikram-cobra-movie-kerala-theatrical-rights-bagged-by-dream-big-films.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706090336/https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/vikram-cobra-movie-kerala-theatrical-rights-bagged-by-dream-big-films.html |archive-date=6 July 2022 |access-date=6 July 2022 |website=Behindwoods |language=Tamil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1544569364564742146 |user=7screenstudio |title=📢 We are elated to be associating with @IffaarMedia #RaaffiMathirra @jsujithnair #DreamBigFilms for distribution of #Cobra in Kerala #ChiyaanVikram An @AjayGnanamuthu Film 🎬 An @arrahman Musical 🥁 |author=Seven Screen Studio |author-link=Seven Screen Studio |access-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706090635/https://twitter.com/7screenstudio/status/1544569364564742146?t=hhP72dA7mM4o4DitVJ9ptQ&s=19 |archive-date=6 July 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The distribution rights for the United Kingdom and Europe have been acquired by Ahimsa Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2022 |title=No Change In Vikram's Cobra Release Date! |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/30627/vikram-cobra-release-date-uk-europe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616095508/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/30627/vikram-cobra-release-date-uk-europe |archive-date=16 June 2022 |access-date=1 August 2022 |website=Moviecrow}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film's satellite rights are held by [[Kalaignar TV]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2022 |title=VIKRAM'S MUCH-AWAITED COBRA TO AIR ON THIS POPULAR CHANNEL – DETAILS! |url=https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/vikram-cobra-movie-satellite-tv-rights-bagged-by-kalaigner-tv.html?ref=www.google.ae |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423054750/https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/vikram-cobra-movie-satellite-tv-rights-bagged-by-kalaigner-tv.html?ref=www.google.ae |archive-date=23 April 2022 |access-date=12 May 2022 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> while the post-theatrical streaming rights are with [[SonyLIV]].<ref name="CE" /> The film began streaming on SonyLIV from 28 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2022 |title=Vikram's Cobra gets OTT release date |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vikrams-cobra-gets-ott-release-date-8169223/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923162135/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vikrams-cobra-gets-ott-release-date-8169223/ |archive-date=23 September 2022 |access-date=23 September 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
''Cobra'' received mixed reviews from critics.<ref name="critic">{{Cite news |title='Cobra' box office collection day 1: Vikram starrer mints Rs 12 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/cobra-box-office-collection-day-1-vikram-starrer-mints-rs-12-crore/articleshow/93919709.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901054401/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/cobra-box-office-collection-day-1-vikram-starrer-mints-rs-12-crore/articleshow/93919709.cms |archive-date=1 September 2022 |access-date=1 September 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |quote=it got mixed reviews from the audience and critics.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2022 |title=Cobra box office collection Day 2: Chiyaan Vikram's film sees a huge drop |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/cobra-box-office-collection-day-2-chiyaan-vikram-s-film-sees-a-huge-drop-1995463-2022-09-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902040111/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/cobra-box-office-collection-day-2-chiyaan-vikram-s-film-sees-a-huge-drop-1995463-2022-09-02 |archive-date=2 September 2022 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=[[India Today]] |quote=Cobra, was panned by critics and audiences alike.}}</ref> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=17|count=6|average=4.5|ref=yes}}

M Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Cobra'' is the kind of an overwrought, overlong, over-indulgent, overloud and over-the-top action entertainer that is made in an old-fashioned way".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=31 August 2022 |title=Cobra Movie Review: Cobra is overwrought, overlong and over-indulgent |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/cobra/movie-review/93894271.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831084030/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/cobra/movie-review/93894271.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=31 August 2022 |access-date=31 August 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Cobra'' is an underwhelming watch that solely relies on Chiyaan Vikram's acting chops".<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=31 August 2022 |title=Cobra Movie Review: Chiyaan Vikram film hisses and misses |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/cobra-movie-review-chiyaan-vikram-and-irfan-pathan-film-hisses-and-misses-1994636-2022-08-31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831084030/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/cobra-movie-review-chiyaan-vikram-and-irfan-pathan-film-hisses-and-misses-1994636-2022-08-31 |archive-date=31 August 2022 |access-date=31 August 2022 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Manoj Kumar R of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Cobra'' is about a globetrotting assassin with a deep fascination for cosplay would be a lot of fun to watch if made properly. After ramping up the initial excitement, the film sinks".<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=31 August 2022 |title=Cobra movie review: Vikram gets ready to strike, but never goes for the kill |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/cobra-movie-review-vikram-raises-the-hood-but-never-strikes-8122890/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831113542/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/cobra-movie-review-vikram-raises-the-hood-but-never-strikes-8122890/ |archive-date=31 August 2022 |access-date=31 August 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> [[Sowmya Rajendran]] of ''[[The News Minute]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "This bizarre action thriller directed by Ajay Gnanamuthu tries very hard to be clever, but is filled with carelessness in the scripting".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |author-link=Sowmya Rajendran |date=31 August 2022 |title=Cobra review: Vikram's assassin-cum-maths-teacher thriller is just exhausting |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/cobra-review-vikrams-assassin-cum-maths-teacher-thriller-just-exhausting-167402 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831114147/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/cobra-review-vikrams-assassin-cum-maths-teacher-thriller-just-exhausting-167402 |archive-date=31 August 2022 |access-date=31 August 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

Haricharan Pudipeddi of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' stated "''Cobra'' could've been a far more effective thriller if it wasn't so long. It could've also done away with the highly boring romantic track, which hardly helps in keeping the audiences engaged".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pudipeddi |first=Haricharan |date=31 August 2022 |title=Cobra movie review: Vikram-starrer gets predictable in the end, despite stretches of brilliance |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/cobra-movie-review-vikram-starrer-gets-predictable-in-the-end-despite-stretches-of-brilliance-101661924425514.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831084035/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/cobra-movie-review-vikram-starrer-gets-predictable-in-the-end-despite-stretches-of-brilliance-101661924425514.html |archive-date=31 August 2022 |access-date=31 August 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Bhuvanesh Chandar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Looking back at it, you only feel bad that yet another film becomes an average outing for an actor who gives his all."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |date=31 August 2022 |title='Cobra' movie review: A brilliant Vikram fails to save this middling outing |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/cobra-movie-review-a-brilliant-vikram-fails-to-save-this-middling-outing/article65833518.ece?homepage=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831132126/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/cobra-movie-review-a-brilliant-vikram-fails-to-save-this-middling-outing/article65833518.ece?homepage=true |archive-date=31 August 2022 |access-date=31 August 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Krishna Selvaseelan of ''[[Tamil Guardian]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars, stating, "''Cobra'' is an overly-ambitious hodge-podge, with a decent film hidden somewhere within".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Selvaseelan |first=Krishna |date=1 September 2022 |title=Cobra: Over-ambitious, overcooked |url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/cobra-over-ambitious-overcooked |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114110530/https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/cobra-over-ambitious-overcooked |archive-date=14 November 2023 |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=[[Tamil Guardian]]}}</ref> Avinash Ramachandran of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Cobra ticks almost all the boxes we have recently come to expect from a Vikram-starrer, including the disappointment of the actor being the brightest star in a rather middling film."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=31 August 2022 |title=Cobra Movie Review: Vikram is solid, but the plot is all over the place |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/aug/31/cobra-movie-review-a-solid-vikram-anchors-a-plot-that-goes-around-in-circles-34261.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831065715/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/aug/31/cobra-movie-review-a-solid-vikram-anchors-a-plot-that-goes-around-in-circles-34261.html |archive-date=31 August 2022 |access-date=31 August 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

S Subhakeertana of ''[[OTT Play]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "Cobra is a mediocre film that struggles to be both a compelling swashbuckling adventure as well as a moving drama."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subhakeertana |first=S |date=31 August 2022 |title=Cobra movie review: Vikram puts his audience's love for him to the test in this overlong Ajay Gnanamuthu directorial |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/cobra-movie-review-vikram-puts-his-audiences-love-for-him-to-the-test-in-this-overlong-ajay-gnanamuthu-directorial/f42aac0bd7908 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831144701/https://www.ottplay.com/review/cobra-movie-review-vikram-puts-his-audiences-love-for-him-to-the-test-in-this-overlong-ajay-gnanamuthu-directorial/f42aac0bd7908 |archive-date=31 August 2022 |access-date=31 August 2022 |website=[[OTT Play]]}}</ref> Felix Kingsley of ''Movie Herald'' rated the film 2.5 out of 5 and stated "The new treatment makes this well-known template partly engaging."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kingsley |first=Felix |date=September 2022 |title=Cobra movie review – The new treatment makes this well-known template partly engaging |url=https://www.movieherald.com/reviews/cobra-movie-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901094244/https://www.movieherald.com/reviews/cobra-movie-review/ |archive-date=1 September 2022 |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=Movie Herald}}</ref> Jayadeep Jayesh of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' gave the film's rating 2 out of 5, stating that "The tone at which the film is pitched does not allow A R Rahman to display his musical prowess. The title track is catchy but the rest of the album is forgettable."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jayesh |first=Jayadeep |date=3 September 2022 |title=Cobra review: Vikram wasted in an overambitious affair |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/cobra-review-vikram-wasted-in-an-overambitious-affair-1141766.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903064232/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/cobra-review-vikram-wasted-in-an-overambitious-affair-1141766.html |archive-date=3 September 2022 |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
On the first day of its release the film collected over {{INRConvert|12|c}} in [[Tamil Nadu]] and {{INRConvert|1.25|c}} in [[Kerala]].<ref name="critic" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2022 |title=Cobra box office collection Day 1: Chiyaan Vikram's film is off to a rousing start |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/cobra-box-office-collection-day-1-chiyaan-vikram-s-film-is-off-to-a-rousing-start-1995004-2022-09-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901022548/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/cobra-box-office-collection-day-1-chiyaan-vikram-s-film-is-off-to-a-rousing-start-1995004-2022-09-01 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> After three days of its release, the film made a box office collection of {{INR|21–26.3}} crore worldwide.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 September 2022 |title='Cobra' box office collection day 3: Movie earns less than Rs 4 crore on Friday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/cobra-box-office-collection-day-3-movie-earns-less-than-rs-4-crore-on-friday/articleshow/93963583.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903062709/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/cobra-box-office-collection-day-3-movie-earns-less-than-rs-4-crore-on-friday/articleshow/93963583.cms |archive-date=3 September 2022 |access-date=3 September 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Within seven days of release, the film grossed over {{INRConvert|59|c}} against an estimated budget of over {{INRConvert|100|c}} and became a [[box-office bomb]].<ref name="Cobra BO">{{Cite news |date=7 September 2022 |title='Cobra' box office collection day 7: Chiyaan Vikram starrer sees a dip on weekdays |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/cobra-box-office-collection-day-7-chiyaan-vikram-starrer-sees-a-dip-on-weekdays/articleshow/94048453.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928152220/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/cobra-box-office-collection-day-7-chiyaan-vikram-starrer-sees-a-dip-on-weekdays/articleshow/94048453.cms |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=22 November 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
=== Accolades ===
{{Expand section|October 2025|date=October 2025}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{R. Ajay Gnanamuthu}}

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S. T. Quadri

2026-04-24T18:04:47Z

RondaWaddell840: Added Info

{{Short description|Indian politician (1932 - 2005)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| parents = Syed Sirajul Hassan Quadri (father)
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|10|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Koppal, Raichur District.
| spouse = Banu Begum (7 May 1953)
| children = 3 sons and 3 daughters
| profession = Engineer - Steel Technologist and Politician
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2005|11|15|1932|10|10|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Mysore]], [[Karnataka]].
| alma_mater = Osmania University, Hyderabad.
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 18 January 1980
| term_end = 31 December 1984
| education = B.E.
| party = [[File:Hand INC.svg|25px]][[Indian National Congress]]
| constituency = [[Shimoga Lok Sabha constituency|Shimoga]]
}}

'''S.T. Quadri''' (10 October 1932 – 15 November 2005) is an Indian politician and [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] (MP), represented the [[Shimoga Lok Sabha constituency|Shimoga constituency]] in [[7th Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the Indian Parliament.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UZcWngU5mFgC&q=shri+S.+T.+Quadri |title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report |date=1983 |publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLZVAAAAYAAJ&q=shri+S.+T.+Quadri |title=Indian Parliamentary Companion: Who's who of Members of Lok Sabha |date=2003 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=M.H |first=Dr Prahalladappa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u1cdCwAAQBAJ&dq=shri+S.+T.+Quadri&pg=PA184 |title=Emerging Political Leadership Of Backward Classes In Karnataka |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-329-46220-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Regarding passing away of ShriKammodilal Jatav, member 8th Lok Sabha and Shri S.T. Quadri, member 7th Lok Sabha on 7th September and 15th November, 2005 respectively. |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/725807/1/3852.pdf |via=Parliament Digital Library}}</ref> He was nominated as the Director of Salem Steel Plant in Tamil Nadu by the Government of India in 1976.<ref name=":1" />

== Early life and background ==
Quadri was born on 10 October 1932 in [[Koppal]] of [[Raichur district]]. Syed Sirajul Hassan Quadri was his father. He completed his education from [[Osmania University]], [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2OBFAQAAIAAJ&q=shri+S.+T.+Quadri |title=Who's who |date=1980 |publisher=Parliament Secretariat |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
S.T. Quadri was married Banu Begum on 7 May 1953 and the couple has 3 sons and 3 daughters.<ref name=":0" />

== Positions held ==

* Member of Karnataka State Haj Committee.<ref name=":1" />

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!No
!From
!To
!Position
|-
|'''1'''
|1954
|1958
|President of Taluk Congress Committee.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Members Bioprofile |url=https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2850.htm |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=loksabha.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''2'''
| rowspan="2" |1955
| rowspan="2" |1958
|Member of District Congress Committee.<ref name=":2" />
|-
|Member of Mysore Pradesh Congress Committee.<ref name=":2" />
|-
|'''3'''
|1980
|1984
|MP in [[7th Lok Sabha]] from [[Shimoga Lok Sabha constituency|Shimoga]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LNJWAAAAMAAJ&q=shri+S.+T.+Quadri |title=List of Members of Electoral College for Presidential Election, 1982 |date=1982 |publisher=The Commission |language=en}}</ref> Member of Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions (1980).<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TGtLAAAAYAAJ&q=shri+S.+T.+Quadri |title=Farmer and parliament |date=1985 |publisher=S. N. Bhalla for Farmers' Parliamentary Forum. |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Death ==
He died at the age of 73 in [[Mysore]], Karnataka on 15 Nov 2005.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ADVVAAAAYAAJ&q=S.T.+Quadri+passed+away |title=Lok Sabha Debates |date=December 2005 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3vCnDm7i5igC&q=shri+S.+T.+Quadri |title=Parliament of India, the Fourteenth Lok Sabha, 2004-2009: A Study |date=2010 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quadri, S.T.}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:People from Raichur district]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Karnataka]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:People from Shimoga district]]

Murad Lari

2026-04-20T05:13:09Z

RondaWaddell840: Added some details needs work - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Murad Lari
| image =
| honorific_suffix =
| office = Member [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] [[India]]
| constituency = [[Salempur, Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start = 1996
| term_end = 2001
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_date =
| death_date = 28 September 2001
| birth_place = [[Lar, Uttar Pradesh|Lar, India]]
| profession = [[Politician]]
| party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| alma_mater =
| spouse = [[Ghazala Lari]]
| children = Manzer lari
}}

'''Murad Lari''' or '''Morad Lari''' (died 5 October 2001) was a politician from [[Uttar Pradesh]].

== Political career ==
He served as a Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] MLA from February 1997 to October 2001, winning the 13th [[Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly]] election in [[Salempur, Uttar Pradesh|Salempur]], [[Deoria district|Deoria]] from the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhaiya raju Lari winner in Salempur, Uttar pradesh Assembly|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/1996/salempur/}} retrieved 24 Feb 2025</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Pervez Iqbal Siddiqui |newspaper=Times of India |title=Mau riots 2000: A flashback |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/mau-riots-2000-a-flashback/articleshow/1267396.cms |date=19 October 2005}} retrieved 24 Feb 2025</ref>

In 1987, he married [[Ghazala Lari]], former MLA from [[Rampur Karkhana]], [[Deoria district|Deoria]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ghazala's first marriage was with Murad Lari|year=1987|url=
https://www.bhaskar.com/news/UP-AGRA-upele-interesting-story-about-mla-love-story-news-hindi-5507272-PHO.html}}retrieved 24 Feb 2025</ref>

'''Death'''

Murad Lari suffered a brain stroke and died on 5 October 2001 at Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPIMS) Lucknow.<ref>{{cite web|title=JE spreading despite `control' measures|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/je-spreading-despite-control-measures/articleshow/428272245.cms|publisher=Times of India|date=5 October 2001}}retrieved 24 Nov 2025</ref> An educational institute is found after his name in [[Salempur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salempur]] constituency <ref>Murad Lari Educational Institute (B.Ed. only), college code 911 {{cite web|title= Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University |url=https://ddugu.ac.in/newweb/college.php?ColId=180#gsc.tab=0 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lari, Murad}}
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1997–2002]]
[[Category:People from Lucknow]]
[[Category:People from Deoria district]]

{{UttarPradesh-BSP-politician-stub}}

Kalapipal Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:28:17Z

RondaWaddell840: Created A Stub First Draft...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kalapipal
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 169
| map_image = 169-Kalapipal.svg
| mla = [[Ghanshyam Chandravanshi]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Kunal Choudhary]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Shajapur district|Shajapur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dewas (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dewas]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
}}
'''Kalapipal''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718103411/https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018 |url-access=limited}}</ref> It comprises [[Kalapipal tehsil|Kalapipal]] and [[Polay Kalan]] tehsils, and parts of [[Shujalpur tehsil]], all in [[Shajapur district]]. As of 2023, its representative is [[Ghanshyam Chandravanshi]] of the [[Bhartiya Janata Party]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{|class ="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|[[Babulal Verma]]<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3739-madhya-pradesh-2008/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|[[Inder Singh Parmar]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3740-madhya-pradesh-2013/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|[[Kunal Choudhary]]<ref name=election2018/>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Ghanshyam Chandravanshi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kalapipal<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ghanshyam Chandravanshi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:98216}}
|percentage = 50.41
|change = +6.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Kunal Choudhary]]
|votes = {{formatnum:86451}}
|percentage = 44.37
|change = -7.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Chaturbhuj Tomar Advocate
|votes = {{formatnum:4087}}
|percentage = 2.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|candidate = Yogesh Malviya
|votes = {{formatnum:3153}}
|percentage = 1.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:939}}
|percentage = 0.48
|change = -0.61
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:11765}}
|percentage = 6.04
|change = -2.23
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:194825}}
|percentage = 85.64
|change = +4.09
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kalapipal<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-2">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Kunal Choudhary]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:86249}}
|percentage = 52.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Babulal Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:72550}}
|percentage = 43.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1809}}
|percentage = 1.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:13699}}
|percentage = 8.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:165531}}
|percentage = 81.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Kalapipal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coord|23.34|76.84|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Shajapur district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Murder of Ankita Bhandari

2026-04-15T04:11:53Z

RondaWaddell840:

{{Short description|2022 murder in India}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ankita Bhandari
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|2003|11|11}}
| birth_place = [[Pauri]], Uttarakhand, India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2022|9|18|2003|11|11}}
| death_place = [[Rishikesh]], Uttarakhand, India
| height =
| death_cause = [[Murder]] ([[drowning]])
| known_for = Murder victim
| occupation = Hotel receptionist
| body_discovered = 24 September 2022 [[Chilla Canal]], [[Rishikesh]], India
| resting place =
}}
'''Ankita Bhandari''' (11 November 2003 – 18 September 2022) was an Indian [[receptionist]] from [[Pauri Garhwal district|Pauri]] who was murdered at the Vanantra Resort by its owner, Pulkit Arya, the son of senior [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) leader [[Vinod Arya]], in [[Ganga Bhogpur|Ganga-Bhogpur]] in [[Rishikesh]], [[Uttarakhand]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=28 September 2022 |title=Ankita Bhandari murder: Allegations of 'illegal activities' at Uttarakhand resort under SIT scanner |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ankita-bhandari-murder-allegations-of-illegal-activities-at-uttarakhand-resort-under-sit-scanner-101664305830636.html |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111083214/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ankita-bhandari-murder-allegations-of-illegal-activities-at-uttarakhand-resort-under-sit-scanner-101664305830636.html |url-status=live }}</ref> BJP [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA)]] [[Renu Bisht]] is accused of attempting to cover up the crime by having ordered an unlawful demolition of the resort after the murder.

The case gained much publicity in national and state media due to the use of political power in an attempt at rape by coercion. The theory is supported by statements of her mother, though the chats presented in the charge sheet were insufficient. According to the witness statement of a hotel staffer, she was raped.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fact Finding report on Ankita Bhandari Murder Case |url=https://cdn.countercurrents.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/A-Fact-Finding-Report-on-the-Murder-of-Ankita-Bhandari.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214185554/https://cdn.countercurrents.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/A-Fact-Finding-Report-on-the-Murder-of-Ankita-Bhandari.pdf |archive-date=2023-02-14 |website=CounterCurrents.org}}</ref>

Three main accused were Pulkit Arya, the assistant resort manager, Ankit Gupta, and the resort manager, Saurabh Bhaskar, who have confessed to the murder and were sentenced on charges of abduction and murder.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-01 |title=Ankita Bhandari murder: 3 key accused Pulkit Arya, Saurabh Bhaskar and Ankit Gupta remanded in SIT custody |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/ankita-bhandari-murder-3-key-accused-pulkit-arya-saurabh-bhaskar-and-ankit-gupta-remanded-in-sit-custody/articleshow/94581514.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-05-03 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-15 |title=Ankita Bhandari murder case: Special Investigation Team to file charge sheet against three accused this week |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/ankita-bhandari-murder-case-special-investigation-team-to-file-charge-sheet-against-three-accused-this-week-latest-updates-2022-12-15-831382 |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> A district court in Kotdwar convicted Arya, Gupta, and Bhaskar for the murder of Bhandari on 30 May 2025, with the verdict being delivered by Judge Reena Negi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttarakhand Resort Owner, 2 Others Convicted For Murder Of Receptionist Ankita Bhandari |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uttarakhand-resort-owner-2-others-convicted-for-murder-of-receptionist-ankita-bhandari-8544021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530064055/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uttarakhand-resort-owner-2-others-convicted-for-murder-of-receptionist-ankita-bhandari-8544021 |archive-date=2025-05-30 |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Background ==
Bhandari was born in the village of Dobh-Srikot, a village located in [[Pauri]], Uttarakhand.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=25 September 2022 |title=Ankita Bhandari News: 'I may be poor, but won't sell myself for Rs 10,000'; Ankita Bhandari told friend on WhatsApp |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/i-may-be-poor-but-wont-sell-myself-for-rs-10000/articleshow/94426462.cms |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203065106/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/i-may-be-poor-but-wont-sell-myself-for-rs-10000/articleshow/94426462.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021, Bhandari enrolled in a certificate course at Dehradun's Shri Ram Institute of Hotel Management. However, her father, Birendra Singh, soon lost his job as a security guard, forcing her to drop out of the one-year course. She started her first job at the Vanantra Resort post-[[COVID-19 lockdown in India|lockdown]] in Rishikesh as a receptionist on 28 August 2022 and was promised ₹10,000 as a monthly salary. She was last seen by her father on the day of her joining.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ara |first=Ismat |date=2022-10-20 |title=Ankita Bhandari murder case points to rising crime in Uttarakhand |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/ankita-bhandari-murder-case-points-to-rising-crime-in-uttarakhand/article66005513.ece |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref>

Bhandari lodged within the resort premises with permission from owner Pulkit Arya due to the resort's relatively remote location. She was shifted to a downstairs room on 17 September, the day before her murder, with the accused informing her that other neighboring rooms would be given to guests, as per her chats.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=What the Ankita Bhandari Case Tells Us About the Status of Young Women in Uttarakhand |url=https://thewire.in/women/what-the-ankita-bhandari-case-tells-us-about-the-status-of-young-women-in-uttarakhand |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=thewire.in |language=en}}</ref>

An account of a hotel staffer, Abhinav, indicates that Bhandari was sexually assaulted in the room on 18 September 2022. Abhinav claims he saw Arya physically covering Bhandari's mouth to prevent her from speaking over the phone to someone, and she was crying for help. After this, Arya was allegedly in Bhandari's room for an hour behind closed doors.<ref name=":4" />

== Murder ==
On 18 September 2022, Bhandari did not respond to her parents' calls, and when the family tried to locate her in her room, they were unable to find her. She also did not return any calls from her friend Pushap Deep,<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2023 |title=Pushap Deep on Twitter: "Help help#urgent#kidnapping#missing A friend of mine ankita bhandhari age 19 was working in the vanantra resort chilla road ganga bhogpur talla rishikesh. The owner named- pulkit aryan earlier he was good. But after some days he started harassing her, firstly he drink.he haras" / Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/PushapDeep3/status/1572119198230548480?s=20 |access-date=21 January 2023 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121085946/https://twitter.com/PushapDeep3/status/1572119198230548480?s=20 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> who became suspicious as Bhandari had previously told him about harassment at the resort. She was being pressured to provide "special services" to an anonymous VIP for ₹10,000.<ref name=":0" />

According to the three convicted, Arya had a heated conversation with Bhandari about an unspecified topic. The three men, along with Bhandari, then went to a different location to resolve things. However, on their way, the men had an altercation with Bhandari, after which they pushed her into the Chilla canal. They then returned to the hotel and told a different story to their staff.

Bhandari's father attempted to register a missing person complaint. He visited three police stations in the next 12 hours – Pauri police station, Muni Ki Reti police station, and Kotwali police station at Rishikesh – but his [[first information report]] (FIR) was not lodged, citing grounds of jurisdiction, despite Zero FIR policies which allow FIRs to be filed regardless of jurisdiction in cases of urgent and serious offences (such as rape and murder)<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Zero FIR? Concept & Difference Between FIR & Zero FIR |url=http://pinklegal.in/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=pinklegal.in |language=en}}</ref>. He was told to go to the revenue police.<ref name=":4" />

Meanwhile, Arya had informed revenue police officer Vaibhav Pratap of Bhandari's disappearance on 19 September. Pratap, however, went on leave without initiating any action.<ref name=":4" />

Bhandari's body was recovered by the State Disaster Response Force of the [[Uttarakhand Police|Uttarakhand police]] on 24 September 2022<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |author=Kalyan Das |date=24 September 2022 |title=Ankita Bhandari Murder in Rishikesh: BJP leader and former Uttarakhand minister's son arrested; body recovered |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/uttarakhand-ex-ministers-son-held-for-receptionists-murder-in-rishikesh/articleshow/94407642.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111122131/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/uttarakhand-ex-ministers-son-held-for-receptionists-murder-in-rishikesh/articleshow/94407642.cms |archive-date=11 January 2023 |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> from the Chilla canal's barrage.

== Investigation ==
Singh, upset with the police force's actions, reached out to several authorities in Dehradun, including the chairperson of the state's women's commission, Vidhan Sabha speaker, the [[Director general of police|Director General of Police (DGP)]], and local news portals like Jago Uttarakhand. Only after these bodies had highlighted Bhandari's disappearance was the report transferred to the regular police from the revenue police on the evening of 22 September, and an investigation began.<ref name=":4" />

On 23 September, the room in which Bhandari lived at Vanantra was bulldozed and torched by the sitting [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the area, [[Renu Bisht]] (who also runs a resort in the same area). On 24 September, a fire broke out on the premises despite the resort being sealed by the police. Initially, it was cited as extra-constitutional, albeit quick justice by the government, presented as extrajudicial [[bulldozer justice]] by Chief Minister [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]] on a [[Twitter]] Post.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-26 |title=Ankita murder case: District administration examining on whose orders demolition of resort was carried out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/ankita-murder-case-district-administration-examining-on-whose-orders-demolition-of-resort-was-carried-out/articleshow/94462634.cms |access-date=2026-02-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> But later, the DM denied government involvement in the matter.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Kalyan Das |date=27 September 2022 |title=Ankita Bhandari murder: Who ordered Uttarakhand resort demolition? Probe on {{!}} Dehradun News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/ankita-bhandari-murder-who-ordered-uttarakhand-resort-demolition-probe-on/articleshow/94465652.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017111855/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/ankita-bhandari-murder-who-ordered-uttarakhand-resort-demolition-probe-on/articleshow/94465652.cms |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

Later, the case was transferred to the Laxman Jhula police, who managed to arrest the three men accused in the case.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |author=Kalyan Das|date=24 September 2022 |title=Ankita Bhandari Murder in Rishikesh: BJP leader and former Uttarakhand minister's son arrested; body recovered |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/uttarakhand-ex-ministers-son-held-for-receptionists-murder-in-rishikesh/articleshow/94407642.cms |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111122131/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/uttarakhand-ex-ministers-son-held-for-receptionists-murder-in-rishikesh/articleshow/94407642.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> During the police interrogation, the three confessed to killing Bhandari.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-23 |title=Uttarakhand ex-minister’s son held for killing 19-yr-old |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/uttarakhand-bjp-leader-son-arrested-killing-receptionist-8169132/ |access-date=2026-04-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Bhandari's autopsy was performed by the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh]]. Their preliminary report said that she sustained certain injuries suggestive of blunt force trauma before her death, and that her cause of death was drowning.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No evidence of rape in Ankita Bhandari's autopsy report: Sources |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/no-evidence-of-rape-in-ankita-bhandari-s-autopsy-report-sources-2005823-2022-09-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011001707/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/no-evidence-of-rape-in-ankita-bhandari-s-autopsy-report-sources-2005823-2022-09-28 |archive-date=11 October 2022 |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=India Today |date=28 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

Bhandari's family was not satisfied with the postmortem report and said that they would not perform her last rites until the final autopsy report was released by the police to the public. They also accused the administration of destroying evidence by bulldozing the resort.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2022 |title=Ankita case: Father refuses cremation till final post-mortem report comes |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ankita-case-father-refuses-cremation-till-final-post-mortem-report-comes-122092500488_1.html |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010174442/https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ankita-case-father-refuses-cremation-till-final-post-mortem-report-comes-122092500488_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Appeals from the local administration and the Chief Minister of Uttrakhand [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]] were made in which he called the incident 'unfortunate'. Dhami assured the family that the trial would be held in a fast-track court and the strictest punishment would be given to the accused.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ankita Bhandari cremated, Uttarakhand CM Dhami assures murder trial in fast-track court |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ankita-bhandari-cremated-protests-uttarakhand-fast-track-court-set-up-2004603-2022-09-25 |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=India Today |date=25 September 2022 |language=en |archive-date=22 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022114936/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ankita-bhandari-cremated-protests-uttarakhand-fast-track-court-set-up-2004603-2022-09-25 |url-status=live }}</ref> Singh, however, alleges that he was put under undue pressure from the administration, and Bhandari's mother was forcibly hospitalised to prevent consultation. The body was cremated without letting Bhandari's mother see her for the last time.<ref name=":4"/>

On 25 September 2022, Bhandari's last rites were performed by her family members at the NIT [[ghat]] of Srinagar. There was the presence of a large number of people at the funeral ground. Many leading politicians from the state, including [[Tirath Singh Rawat]], a sitting Member of Parliament and former Chief Minister of Uttarakhand, and Rajendra Bhandari, Congress MLA from Badrinath, expressed grief.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}

However, groups of locals on social media and the father of the victim moved the High Court to ensure a probe by the CBI.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sheenu |date=4 November 2022 |title=Ankita Bhandari murder case: Nainital High Court seeks all evidence related to 'crime scene' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/ankita-bhandari-murder-case-nainital-high-court-seeks-evidence-related-to-crime-scene-rishikesh-chilla-canal-pulkit-arya-gangster-act-latest-updates-2022-11-04-821228 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114162622/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/ankita-bhandari-murder-case-nainital-high-court-seeks-evidence-related-to-crime-scene-rishikesh-chilla-canal-pulkit-arya-gangster-act-latest-updates-2022-11-04-821228 |archive-date=14 November 2022 |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> In December 2022, the police filed a 500-page charge sheet against the three accused.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Ishita |date=19 December 2022 |title=Ankita Bhandari case {{!}} Uttarakhand Police file 500-page chargesheet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ankita-bhandari-case-uttarakhand-police-file-500-page-chargesheet/article66281785.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221141121/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ankita-bhandari-case-uttarakhand-police-file-500-page-chargesheet/article66281785.ece |archive-date=21 December 2022 |access-date=21 January 2023 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In May 2023, it was alleged by the parents and some social workers that Bhandari was raped before her murder by Bhaskar.

A special investigative team (SIT) was formed by the police to investigate the case.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} Under arrest by the SIT, the three accused were charged with murder, kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine a person, and causing disappearance of evidence of offense or giving false information to screen the offender.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title=Ankita Bhandari murder: Gangster Act invoked against all 3 accused |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ankita-bhandari-murder-gangster-act-invoked-against-all-3-accused-8241210/ |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2023, Arya was booked for murder, molestation, and immoral trafficking along with molestation, while Bhaskar and Gupta were charged for murder and hiding the evidence.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-18 |title=Ankita Bhandari Murder: court frames charges of murder against three accused |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ankita-bhandari-murder-court-frames-charges-of-murder-against-three-accused/article66635619.ece |access-date=2024-03-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Demolition of Vanantra Resort ==
In December 2023, while testifying in the court, JCB driver Deepak said that he had operated the JCB to bulldoze Vanantra Resort on the instructions of the then Sub-Collector and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) MLA, [[Renu Bisht]], to destroy evidence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2023 |title=अंकिता भंडारी केस: BJP विधायक ने एक दिन में दो बार चलवाया था रिजॉर्ट पर बुलडोजर, गवाह ने कोर्ट में किया खुलासा |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/uttarakhand/story/ankita-bhandari-case-jcb-driver-tells-court-he-was-called-twice-for-demolition-at-resort-on-same-night-ntc-1845657-2023-12-25 |access-date=28 February 2024 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

Deepak claims he was called twice on 23 September 2022 to raze parts of the Vanantra Resort. The first time the demolition was carried out under the then [[sub-divisional magistrate]] Renu Bisht. He claimed that on the instructions of the SDM and in the presence of other officials, he razed the gate and the boundary wall of the resort, and then left for Haridwar.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Ankita Bhandari case: JCB driver tells court he was called twice for demolition at resort on same day |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/ukd-court-ankita-bhandari-2824128 |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

Deepak claims the personal assistant of Yamkeshwar MLA Renu Bisht called him soon after and asked him to reach the resort with the JCB where he broke the walls and windows of two rooms. He claimed that the MLA had made him stay in an adjacent room in the resort that night.<ref name=":5" />

==Related individuals==
On 24 September, the Bhartiya Janta Party, facing public outrage<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=17 December 2022 |title=Uttarakhand Police File Chargesheet Against Pulkit, Co-Accused In Ankita Bhandari Murder Case |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/uttarakhand-police-file-chargesheet-in-ankita-bhandari-murder-case-587854.html |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN |archive-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105122405/https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/uttarakhand-police-file-chargesheet-in-ankita-bhandari-murder-case-587854.html |url-status=live }}</ref> expelled Vinod Arya, and his son Ankit Arya, Vice President of Uttarakhand OBC Commission, after Pulkit Arya confessed to killing Bhandari.<ref name=":2" />

Despite witness testimonials of BJP leader [[Renu Bisht|Renu Bisht's]] involvement in the destruction of evidence in the Vanantra Resort, she maintains her position within the party as MLA from [[Yamkeshwar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Yamkeshwar Assembly]].

Vaibhav Pratap Singh, the patwari, was later suspended for failing to file an FIR ([[first information report]]) in response to Bhandari's complaint that his daughter was missing. Later, he was arrested by the SIT formed by CM Pushkar Singh Dham.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2022-10-01 |title=Patwari Vaibhav Pratap arrested in Ankita Bhandari murder case |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/bharat/patwari-vaibhav-pratap-arrested-in-ankita-bhandari-murder-case/na20221001094338182182636 |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref>

In late December, actor Urmila Sanawar, who claimed to be the second wife of former BJP MLA Suresh Rathore,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-08 |title=Ankita Bhandari murder case and the figures behind the latest allegations: Who are Urmila Sanawar, Suresh Rathore? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/ankita-bhandari-murder-case-and-the-figures-behind-the-latest-allegations-who-are-urmila-sanawar-suresh-rathore-10461013/ |access-date=2026-04-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> had released videos and an audio recording linking BJP leader [[Dushyant Kumar Gautam]] as the VIP who wanted the "special services". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-08 |title=Ankita Bhandari murder case and the figures behind the latest allegations: Who are Urmila Sanawar, Suresh Rathore? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/ankita-bhandari-murder-case-and-the-figures-behind-the-latest-allegations-who-are-urmila-sanawar-suresh-rathore-10461013/ |access-date=2026-04-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2026-01-06 |title=‘VIP’ allegations in Ankita Bhandari murder: BJP’s Dushyant Gautam files defamation case against ex-MLA’s wife, Congress |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vip-allegations-in-ankita-bhandari-murder-bjps-dushyant-gautam-files-defamation-case-against-ex-mlas-wife-congress-10457336/ |access-date=2026-04-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Gautam filed a defamation petition against Sanawar and Rathore, as well as the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]], [[Aam Aadmi Party]], and various [[X (social network)|X]] users, for falsely linking him to the murder.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Scroll |date=2026-01-06 |title=BJP’s Dushyant Gautam files defamation case for posts linking him to Ankita Bhandari murder case |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1089804/bjps-dushyant-gautam-files-defamation-case-for-posts-linking-him-to-ankita-bhandari-murder-case |access-date=2026-04-01 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

==Arrest of journalist Ashutosh Negi==
A writ petition filed in the Uttarakhand High Court by journalist Ashutosh Negi, an independent journalist and Jago Uttarakhand editor, had pleaded for a CBI investigation. In the writ petition, they had raised doubts about the SIT investigation being biased, pointing to the failure to recover the CCTV footage and phone of the accused Arya, and asked for protection for Negi and the key witnesses in the case, because of threats received. However, the court in its order of 21 December dismissed this plea.<ref name=":4" />

From this point forth, Negi was involved in the active coverage of the case and its aftermath. Negi gained a subdued{{Clarify inline|date=February 2026}} reputation within the state for consistently attempting to secure justice for Bhandari's case, having proved himself a vocal critic of the so far unsuccessful investigative forces.

On 5 March 2024, Uttarakhand Police arrested Negi, based on a complaint lodged by a Pauri Garhwal resident under Sections of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act. Uttarakhand DGP Abhinav Kumar from Kotdwar in a statement to the press: "The intentions of so-called social activists like Ashutosh Negi are suspected. Their agenda does not align with seeking justice for our daughter but rather aims to sow anarchy and discord in society. We are also investigating Negi's activities, which appear to be part of a conspiracy, and strict action will be taken if we find any evidence."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-07 |title='Punished' for raising Ankita Bhandari murder case, says Oppn after journalist arrested in Uttarakhand |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/uttarakhand-journalist-arrested-dgp-says-agenda-aims-to-sow-anarchy-9200042/ |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Conviction of Pulkit Arya ==
On 30 May 2025, the Additional District and Sessions Judge Court in Kotdwar, Uttarakhand, convicted Pulkit Arya, Saurabh Bhaskar, and Ankit Gupta for the murder of Ankita Bhandari. The court found them guilty under Indian Penal Code Sections 302 (murder), 354 (assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty), and 120B (criminal conspiracy).

The prosecution presented a 500-page charge sheet and examined 47 witnesses during the trial. The case garnered widespread attention due to the political connections of the main accused and led to public outcry across Uttarakhand. Bhandari's mother has publicly demanded the death penalty for the convicts. Sentencing is pending.

== Social impact ==
Bhandari's murder sparked a general unrest among the people of Uttarakhand. The state's historically low violent crime rate and general perception of being a safe state for women provided a stark contrast to this violent murder.

In 2018, the [[Trivendra Singh Rawat]]-led BJP government relaxed restrictions on people from outside Uttarakhand from buying agricultural land in the state for industrial purposes. The policy was lauded for attracting investments into the state, but many{{Who|date=February 2026}} link the move to an unchecked influx of non-natives leading to an increase in crime, sparking resentment on the ground.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Prithviraj |date=2021-08-16 |title=2018 land law pits Congress vs BJP vs BJP in Uttarakhand as the big poll issue in 2022 |url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/2018-land-law-pits-congress-vs-bjp-vs-bjp-in-uttarakhand-as-the-big-poll-issue-in-2022/715576/ |access-date=2026-04-15 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

Bhandari's murder strengthened anti-outsider sentiment in the state and increased the momentum of various land law protests within the state.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}

By 2026, protests have reemerged, demanding that a criminal investigation be transferred to the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] to disclose the identity of the VIP in the investigation after the allegations made by Sanawar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Mayank Kumar, Neelam |date=2026-01-09 |title=Dhami govt yields to fresh protests, recommends CBI probe in 2022 Ankita Bhandari murder case |url=https://theprint.in/india/dhami-govt-yields-to-fresh-protests-approves-cbi-probe-in-2022-ankita-bhandari-murder-case/2822905/ |access-date=2026-04-01 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> The investigation was approved by the Uttarakhand government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Mayank Kumar, Neelam |date=2026-01-09 |title=Dhami govt yields to fresh protests, recommends CBI probe in 2022 Ankita Bhandari murder case |url=https://theprint.in/india/dhami-govt-yields-to-fresh-protests-approves-cbi-probe-in-2022-ankita-bhandari-murder-case/2822905/ |access-date=2026-04-01 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> An FIR was also lodged by environmentalist [[Anil Prakash Joshi]] to identify the VIP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-13 |title=Fresh FIR Filed To Trace VIP Link In Ankita Bhandari Case Amid CBI Probe Call |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/fresh-fir-filed-to-trace-vip-link-in-ankita-bhandari-case-amid-cbi-probe-call |access-date=2026-04-01 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Murder of Kiran Negi]]
*[[Murder of Shraddha Walkar]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhandari, Murder of Ankita}}
[[Category:2020s in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2022 murders in India]]
[[Category:Crime in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Crimes against women]]
[[Category:Incidents of violence against women]]
[[Category:Indian murder victims]]
[[Category:September 2022 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:September 2022 in India]]
[[Category:Violence against women in India]]

Thokchom Lokeshwar Singh

2026-04-12T15:16:34Z

RondaWaddell840: new a bio - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Thokchom Lokeshwar Singh
| native_name =
| image = Thokchom Lokeshwar Singh.jpg
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Khundrakpam Assembly constituency|Khundrakpam]]
| term_start = 2012
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Thokchom Navakumar Singh]]
| successor =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1967|01|01}}
| birth_place = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse =
| parents = [[Thokchom Navakumar Singh]]
| children =
| profession =
| education =
}}
'''Thokchom Lokeshwar Singh''' (born 1967)<ref>{{Cite web| title=Affidavit to be filed by the candidate along with nomination paper before the returning officer for election to manipur legislative assembly, 2022 (name of the housew from 1-khundrakpam assembly constituency (name of the constituency) | url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Affidavits/AssemblyElection/2022/1/Thokchom%20Lokeshwar%20Singh.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217124617/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Affidavits/AssemblyElection/2022/1/Thokchom%20Lokeshwar%20Singh.pdf | archive-date=2022-02-17}}</ref> is an Indian politician from Manipur. He is a three-time Member of the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]] from [[Khundrakpam Assembly constituency|Khundrakpam]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khundrakpam Assembly constituency results 2022 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/khundrakpam-manipur-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-1923433-2022-03-09|website=Indian Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Khundrakpam Mla demands recruitment of forces for vulnerable villages |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/khundrakpam-mla-demands-recruitment-of-forces-for-vulnerable-villages |website=www.ifp.co.in}}</ref> representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gujarati |first=TV9 |title=Thokchom Lokeshwar Singh Khundrakpam Election Result 2022, MN vidhan sabha Chunav (Thokchom Lokeshwar Singh) Result 2022 in Gujarati |url=https://tv9gujarati.com/elections/manipur-assembly-election-2022/candidates/thokchom-lokeshwar-singh-khundrakpam-185074 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=TV9 Gujarati |language=gu}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Singh is from [[Khundrakpam Assembly constituency|Khundrakpam]], Imphal East District, Manipur. He is the son of [[Thokchom Navakumar Singh]]. He completed his M.A. in 2003 at [[Manipur University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thokchom Lokeshwar Singh(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- KHUNDRAKPAM(IMPHAL EAST) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/manipur2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=40 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Singh became an MLA for the first time in the [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]] when he defeated Laishram Premchandra Singh of [[Communist Party of India]] by 582 votes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=थोकचोम लोकेश्वर सिंह Vidhan Sabha Chunav Results 2022 Live: Vidhan Sabha Constituency Election Results, News, Candidates, Vote Percentage {{!}}News18 हिंदी |url=https://hindi.news18.com/election_framework_next/manipur/thokchom-lokeshwar-singh-khundrakpam-candidate-s14a001c02/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> He retained the seat in the [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]] defeating Thangjam Mohendro Singh of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) by 3,509 votes.<ref name=":0" /> He won the Khundrakpam seat for Congress for the third consecutive term in the [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]. In 2022, he polled 12,211 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Thangjam Mohendro Singh of the BJP, by 215 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Khundrakpam, Manipur Assembly Election Results 2022 LIVE Updates: INC retains Khundrakpam seat, Thokchom Lokeshwar Singh wins with 12211 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/khundrakpam-manipur-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-1923433-2022-03-09 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Thokchom}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Manipur]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2022–2027]]

{{Manipur-INC-politician-stub}}

Dheer Charan Srivastav

2026-04-06T05:21:56Z

RondaWaddell840: started new info

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dheer Charan Srivastav
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1967|08|09}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] (now in [[Telangana]]), [[India]]
| occupation = Actor
| yearsactive = 2005 – present
| parents =
| relatives =
| alma_mater = [[Osmania University]]
}}

'''Dheer Charan Srivastav''' also known as '''D. C. Srivastav''' (born 9 August 1967), is an Indian character actor, comedian and dialogue writer from [[Hyderabad, Telangana]], who mostly appears in Hyderabad Deccani Urdu, [[Cinema of Telangana|Telugu]] and [[Bollywood|Hindi]] Films. He is most notable for his role as ''Ismail Bhai'' in comedy films, ''[[The Angrez]]'' (2006), ''[[Hyderabad Nawabs]]'' (2006) and ''[[Hungama in Dubai]]'' (2007).<ref>{{cite news |title=The name is Ismail bhai |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/05/23/stories/2009052350190300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816022231/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/05/23/stories/2009052350190300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 August 2012 |date=23 May 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=19 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=hin07/><ref>{{cite news |title=Playing asli Hyderabadi: Actor Dheer Charan Shrivastav shot to fame as Ismail bhai and now he seems to enjoy his new identity |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article582196.ece |work=The Hindu |date=19 August 2010 |accessdate=19 February 2013}}</ref> He is also known for his Hyderabadi dialect humor.

==Early life and education==

Srivastav was born and brought up in Hyderabad. He grew up at Himaytnagar locality, and studied at Daffodils School, where his mother Pushpa Srivastav taught Hindi. He completed his intermediate from St. Anthony's High School, Hyderabad in 1985. Later he graduated from [[Osmania University]] in 1995.<ref name=hin07>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/05/22/stories/2007052250580100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228163345/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/05/22/stories/2007052250580100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 December 2010 |title= When Feroz Phekoo met Ismail Bhai|date=22 May 2007|work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=19 February 2013}}</ref>

==Career==
Prior to films, he was a Network Techno Marketing Manager in Hyderabad. He is quite adept in comedy and character roles. He holds the Best Hyderabadi Deccani Urdu Comedian Award for acting in ''[[The Angrez]]''. He acted in Bollywood movie with the Indian Film Director [[Ram Gopal Varma]]'s (RGV) ''[[Department (film)|Department]]''.

==Filmography==

===As actor===
*''Note that Hindi may refer to the [[Deccani film industry]].''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Language
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2005|| ''[[The Angrez]]'' || Ismail Bhai || rowspan="4" |Hindi
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2006|| ''[[Hyderabad Nawaabs]]'' || Hanif Bhai
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007|| ''Stalemate..Its your name'' || Father
|-
|''[[Hungama in Dubai]]'' || Nawaab Saab
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009|| ''[[Manorama (film)|Manorama]]'' || Anna|| rowspan="4" |Telugu
|-
| ''[[Sontha Ooru]]'' || Mechanic
|-
| rowspan="1"| 2010|| ''[[Golimaar (film)|Golimaar]]'' || Pimp
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011|| ''Ayyappa Sakshi'' || Village man
|-
| ''Inki toh Aisi Ki Tasi'' || Sheik Chilli|| rowspan="6" |Hindi
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012|| ''[[Department (film)|Department]]'' || Shukla
|-
| ''[[Login]]'' || Medical Shop Owner
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2013|| ''[[Himmatwala (2013 film)|Himmatwala]]'' || Village Man
|-
| ''Paisa Potti Problem'' || Chunnu Bhai
|-
| ''Do Nawab Hyderabad ke'' || Pasha Bhai
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014|| ''[[Anaamika]]'' || Hotel Manager||Telugu/Tamil
|-
| ''[[Paisa (2014 film)|Paisa]]'' || Prakash's friend
|Telugu
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015|| ''[[The Angrez 2]]'' || Ismail Bhai|| rowspan="2" | Hindi
|-
| ''Gangs Of Hyderabad'' || Ismail Bhai
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016|| ''[[Sardaar Gabbar Singh]]'' || Hakeem || Telugu
|-
| ''Tiger Sultan'' || Faizal|| rowspan="2" | Hindi
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2017 || ''[[127B]]''|| Chand Miyan Ittarwala
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Mallesham]]'' || Abdul || rowspan="2" | Telugu
|-
|2024
|[[Zebra (film)|''Zebra'']]
|
|-
|}

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|5433303}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|20899|D C Shrivastava}}
* {{Facebook|ismailbhai|Dheer Charan Srivastav}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srivastav, D. C.}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Urdu cinema]]

Anil Lamba

2026-04-01T16:33:49Z

RondaWaddell840: Stub - done

{{Short description|Indian author (born 1959)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|1=Biographies|date=November 2024}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=July 2025}}
{{Orphan|date=December 2025}}
}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Anil Lamba
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|12|15}}
| birth_place = New Delhi, India
| education = [[Chartered Accountancy Course (India)|CA]] [[PhD]] in [[Taxation]]
| occupation = Chartered accountant, author
| organization =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| website = {{URL|https://anillamba.com/}}
}}

'''Anil Lamba''' (born 15 December 1959) is an Indian, author, chartered accountant, [[financial literacy]] activist, corporate trainer, and [[TED (conference)|TEDx]] speaker.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Money Show With Anil Lamba|url= https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/et-now/companies/take-control-of-your-finances-the-money-show-with-anil-lamba/1537|access-date=2024-11-28|website=ET News Channal}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=About Anil Lamba|url= https://harpercollins.co.in/author-details/anil-lamba|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Harper Collins India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anil Lamba on Forbes India|url= https://www.forbesindia.com/audio/from-the-bookshelves/episode-11-the-fun-way-to-read-balance-sheets/59209 |access-date=2024-11-28|website=Forbes India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Financial literacy for all by Anil Lamba, TEDxCoimbatore|url=
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWU3DYvnP0s|access-date=2024-11-28|website=TEDx Coimbatore| date=19 July 2017 }}</ref> He promotes “Financial Literacy for All,” a novel initiative to develop a financially intelligent India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=If accounting is clerical, finance is intellectual|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/if-accounting-is-clerical-finance-is-intellectual/article2281967.ece |access-date=2024-11-28|website=The Hindu Newspaper|date=24 July 2011 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Anil Lamba's Book|url= https://www.businessworld.in/video/flirting-with-stocks-anil-lamba-1809
|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Business World News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anil Lamba as a speaker at Radiant Wellness Conclave |url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/050919/on-being-healthy-wealthy-and-wise.html|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Deccan Chronicle News|date= 5 September 2019}}</ref>

==Work==

He is a practicing-chartered accountant and a corporate trainer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anil Lamba sharing with Hindustan Times the financial mistakes start ups make |url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/startup-saturday-where-s-the-money-plan-so-it-flows/story-eOrdqcYqMVHgLzRLNihgKJ.html|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Hindustan Times|date= 2 December 2017}}</ref> As a speaker, he spoke at India Business Literature Festival – IBLF Pune (2023), [[Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations of India|Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations]] (FADA) conferences, which is apex national body of Automobile Retail Industry in India, Radiant Wellness Conclave, [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry|Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]] (FICCI), which is the apex body of industry and commerce in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anil Lamba at FICCI festival|url=https://www.ficciflo.com/events/webinar-romancing-balance-sheet-dr-anil-lamba-director-lamcon-international-corporate-trainer-financial-literacy-activist/ |access-date=2024-11-28|website=FICCI}}</ref> Orange City Literature Festival (OCLF).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anil Lamba as a speaker at literature festival|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/orange-city-literature-festival-2024-a-celebration-of-creativity-and-imagination/articleshow/115538767.cms |access-date=2024-11-28|website=Times of India|date=21 November 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Nair
|first1=Rekha
|title=Anil Lamba speaking at conference|url=https://businessnewsthisweek.com/business/95-of-businesses-fail-because-of-mismanagement-of-finances-dr-anil-lamba-financial-literacy-activist-author/
|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Business News|date=4 August 2022
}}</ref> He has spoken at several TEDx conferences too and regularly addresses chapters of the Entrepreneurs Organization (EO), Young Presidents Organization (YPO), [[Confederation of Indian Industry]] (CII) and others.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anil Lamba as a trainer |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/training-programme-on-finance/articleshow/99283216.cms|access-date=2024-11-28|website=Times of India Times|date= 6 April 2023}}</ref>

==Literary works==
He has written several books. His writings focus on guiding entrepreneurs in making informed financial decisions necessary to gain sustainable profitability in businesses.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Books by Anil Lamba|url=https://muslimmirror.com/of-finance-mystery-myth-and-wisdom/|website=Muslim Mirror News|date=26 August 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=About Anil Lamba|url=https://odyssey.in/collections/author-anil-lamba?srsltid=AfmBOopRco1ykMBYxsdOAjCxkLYOUdzzOGXHItdePcPkjWBlY_zTQ5Mp |access-date=2024-11-28|website=Odyssey}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anil Lamba Interview - Finsight|url=https://xaviersfinancecommunity.com/finsight/finsight-in-talks-with-mr-anil-lamba |access-date=2024-11-28|website=Xaviers Finance Community}}</ref>

* {{Cite book |last=Lamba |first=Anil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Shn0DwAAQBAJ |title=Romancing the Balance Sheet |date=31 December 2019 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=9789353020378 |edition=1st |language=en}}<ref name=":0" />
* {{Cite book |last=Lamba |first=Anil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REWVDwAAQBAJ |title=Eye On The Bottom Line |date=25 June 2019 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=9789353029500 |edition=1st |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lamba |first=Anil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ekDnwQEACAAJ |title=Flirting with Stocks: Stock Market Investing for Beginners |publisher=[[Westland Books]] |year=2018 |isbn=9789387578661 |edition=1st |language=en}}<ref>{{Cite web|title= Anil Lamba's book was nominated for the best business book award|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-confidential-literary-feat-anju-sharma-crossword-book-award-6218739/|website=Indian Express Newspaper|date=16 January 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title= Excerpts from the book of Financial Affairs of the common man on |url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/explained-why-you-must-invest-in-ppf/20191003.htm|website=Rediff Indian News Website}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
* {{Cite book |last=Lamba |first=Anil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAQTEQAAQBAJ |title=Timeless Wisdom On Finance |date=25 August 2024 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=9789362136541 |edition=1st |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lamba |first=Anil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hS2qDwAAQBAJ |title=Financial Affairs Of The Common Man: Master the Art of Personal Finance Management |date=19 August 2019 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=9789353055998 |edition=1st |language=en}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Books by Anil Lamba|url=https://www.penguin.co.in/book_author/anil-lamba/|website=Penguin Group Publishers}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lamba, Anil}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Business writers]]
[[Category:Corporate finance theorists]]

{{India-writer-stub}}

Chaowa Pawa (1959 film)

2026-03-28T18:15:37Z

RondaWaddell840: expanded content

{{short description|1959 film}}
{{About|the 1959 film starring Uttam Kumar and Suchitra Sen|the 2009 film|Chaowa Pawa (2009 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chaowa Pawa
| image = Chaowa Pawa.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Sachin Mukherjee Dilip Mukherjee [[Tarun Majumdar]]
| writer = Nripendrakrishna Chatterjee
| screenplay = Nripendrakrishna Chatterjee
| based_on = ''[[It Happened One Night]]''
| starring = [[Uttam Kumar]] [[Suchitra Sen]] [[Chhabi Biswas]] [[Tulsi Chakraborty]] [[Jiben Bose]] Bharati Devi
| producer =
| studio = Time Films
| cinematography = Anil Gupta Jyoti Laha
| distributor = Mitali Films Private Limited
| editing = Dulal Dutta
| music = [[Nachiketa Ghosh]]
| released = 27 February {{Film date|df=yes|1959|2|27|ref1=}}
| country = India
| runtime = 120 minutes
| language = Bengali
}}
'''''Chaowa Pawa''''' ({{Translation|Desires and Fulfilment}}) is a 1959 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali-language]] [[romantic comedy]] film directed by three directors [[Sachin Mukherjee]], [[Dilip Mukherjee]], and [[Tarun Majumdar]]. It is based on the 1934 [[Academy Awards]] winning American film ''[[It Happened One Night]].'' The film stars [[Uttam Kumar]] and [[Suchitra Sen]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/watch-five-iconic-suchitra-sen-scenes-from-her-best-movies-1344903.html |title=Watch: Five iconic Suchitra Sen scenes from her best movies |date=17 January 2014 |website=Firstpost |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> This is the debut film of the legendary director Tarun Majumder and it is regarded as one of the best films pairing Uttam-Suchitra. The film became a huge success.

== Plot ==
Rajat is a young journalist who works for Manju's father's newspaper agency and is on the verge of being fired. He meets Manju, who has run away from home. He falls in love with her.

== Cast ==
* [[Uttam Kumar]] as Rajat Sen, a young, smart journalist working as an employee under Manju's father at the newspaper agency 'Janamat', who initially eyes for the bounty announced for Manju's return but later falls in love with her.
* [[Suchitra Sen]] as Manju Chowdhury, the single daughter of a rich, newspaper tycoon, who initially is short-tempered and spoiled kid later turns into a benevolent and sweet personality as she gradually develops a romantic interest in Rajat.
* [[Chhabi Biswas]] as Manju's father K. Chowdhury, a newspaper tycoon, and a dignified man full of authority and professionalism. He is a caring father, who is determined to marry his daughter to a person of his choice initially and later announces prize money over his daughter's safe return.
* [[Tulsi Chakraborty]] as Chakraborty "Chokkotty" Moshai, a clever innkeeper who plots a plan to grab the prize money.
* [[Jiben Bose]] as Banku/Banka, Rajat's friend, a jovial good-hearted person who invites Rajat and Manju to his home.
* Bharati Devi as Banku's wife, a friendly woman who acts as a catalyst in Rajat and Manju's relationship.
* [[Anil Chatterjee]] as office staff of newspaper company.
*
* [[Amar Mullick]]
* Rajlakshmi Devi as Chakraborty's wife.
* Shailen Mukherjee as guest house manager.

== Crew ==
* Director: [[Tarun Majumdar]], Sachin Mukherjee, Dilip Mukherjee (as [[Tarun Majumdar|Yatrik]]
* Producer: Time Films
* Music director: [[Nachiketa Ghosh]]
* Cinematographer: Anil Gupta, Jyoti Laha
* Playback singer: [[Hemanta Mukherjee]], [[Sandhya Mukherjee|Sandhya Mukhopadhyay]]

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Chawa Pawa
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Nachiketa Ghosh]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1959
| recorded = 1958
| venue =
| studio = Time Films
| genre =
| length = 0:6:44
| label = Sa Re Ga Ma Pa
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Bandhu]]
| prev_year = 1958
| next_title = [[Rajdhani Theke]]
| next_year = 1959
}}
{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics = [[Gauriprasanna Mazumder]]
| all_music = [[Nachiketa Ghosh]]
| headline = Songs
| extra_column = Playback
| title1 = Jodi Babo E To Khelaghar
| length1 = 2:56
| extra1 = [[Hemant Kumar]]
| title2 = Ei Je Kache Daka
| length2 = 3:29
| extra2 = [[Sandhya Mukherjee]]
| total_length = 6:25
}}

==Reception==
This is the debut film of the legendary director [[Tarun Majumder]]. The film is one of the most iconic films of Uttam Suchitra pair. The film became a blockbuster hit at the box office and ran over 63 days in theaters.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|0237089}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181800/http://www.citwf.com/film58413.htm www.citwf.com]

{{Tarun Majumdar}}

[[Category:1959 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Tarun Majumdar]]
[[Category:1959 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Indian road movies]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian screwball comedy films]]
[[Category:Comedy of remarriage films]]
[[Category:Films about interclass romance]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films about runaways]]
[[Category:Films set in country houses]]
[[Category:Films about hitchhiking]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films based on American short stories]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Samuel Hopkins Adams]]
[[Category:Films based on adaptations]]

Ugadi

2026-03-27T09:55:00Z

RondaWaddell840:

{{short description|Kannada and Telugu Hindu New Year}}
{{Other uses}}
{{For|other traditions|Indian New Year's days|Lunar New Year}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}

{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Ugadi
| official_name = {{lang|te|ఉగాది}} (Telugu) {{lang|kn|ಯುಗಾದಿ}} (Kannada)
| image = A Happy Ugadi puja tray Telugu Hindu New Year Vaisakhi.jpg
| caption = Ugadi Pachadi with puja tray
| type = Hindu
| nickname = Samvatsaradi, Yugadi
| observedby = [[Telugu people|Telugu]] and [[Kannadiga]] Hindus
| date2025 = 30 March (Sunday)
| date2026 = 19 March (Thursday)
| longtype = Religious (Hindu), social, cultural
| frequency = Annual
| celebrations = [[Kolam|Muggu/Rangoli]], visiting Temples, Feast with [[Obbattu|Bobbattu]], [[Holige]] and [[Bevu Bella]]
| relatedto = [[Gudi Padwa]], [[Cheti Chand]], [[Navreh]]
}}
{{Hindu festival date info}}
{{Hinduism}}
[[File:ఉగాది పచ్చడి.jpg|Ugadi Pachadi|thumb|right]]
'''{{transliteration|te|Ugādi|italic=no}}''' ({{langx|te|ఉగాది|Ugādi}}), '''{{transliteration|kn|Yugādi|italic=no}}''' ({{langx|sa|युगादि|Yugādi|beginning of the era. [[Yuga]], meaning “era,” and [[Adi]], meaning “beginning”}}, {{langx|kn|ಯುಗಾದಿ|Yugādi}}) or also known as '''Saṁvatsarādi''' ({{langx|sa|संवत्सरादि|Saṁvatsarādi|beginning of the year. [[Samvat]], meaning “era,” and [[Adi]], meaning “beginning”}}), is the first day of the year on the [[Hindu calendar]]. It is traditionally celebrated by the [[Kannadigas]] and [[Telugu people]] in the Indian states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Telangana]], in some parts of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]], as well as by [[South Indian diaspora|diaspora]] communities elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&q=ugadi |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6 |pages=427 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Karen-Marie Yust|title=Nurturing Child and Adolescent Spirituality: Perspectives from the World's Religious Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_dWh0l-iXHUC&pg=PA228|year=2006|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-4463-5|pages=228–229}}</ref> The cycle consists of 60 years—each year individually named. It is observed on the first day of the Hindu [[lunisolar calendar]] month of [[Chaitra]].<ref name="dalal427">{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC |year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|page=427}}</ref> This typically falls in late March or early April of the [[Gregorian calendar]].<ref name="dalal427" /> It also sometimes falls on the day after Amavasya with the 27th Nakshatra Revati. Ugadi Day is pivoted on the first new moon after the [[March equinox]].

The day is observed by drawing colourful patterns on the floor called ''[[kolam|Muggulu/Rangoli]]'', mango leaf decorations on doors called ''torana'', buying and giving gifts such as new clothes, giving charity to the poor, oil massages followed by special baths, preparing and sharing a special food called ''pachadi'', and visiting Hindu temples.<ref name="Jagannathan2005p77"/><ref name="Fowler1997p72">{{cite book|author=Jeaneane D. Fowler|title=Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RmGKHu20hA0C&pg=PA72|year=1997|publisher=Sussex Academic Press|isbn=978-1-898723-60-8|pages=72–73}}</ref> The ''pachadi'' is a notable festive food that combines all [[Taste|flavors]] {{endash}} sweet, sour, salty, bitter, astringent, and piquant. In Kannada and Telugu harvest traditions, it is a symbolic reminder that one must expect all flavors of experiences in the coming new year and make the most of them.<ref name=narayanan18/> Followers of the Souramana calendar system observe Ugadi in [[Karnataka]], when the sun transits into the [[Aries (constellation)|Aries]] constellation, which is also the festival of [[Baisakhi]] and is locally known as Souramana Ugadi or [[Mesha Sankranti]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ugadi and Astronomy |url=https://paac.ppc.ac.in/2022/04/01/ugadi-and-astronomy/ |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=Poornaprajna Amateur Astronomers' Club |language=en-US |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015153355/https://paac.ppc.ac.in/2022/04/01/ugadi-and-astronomy/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Ugadi has been an important and historic festival of the Hindus, with medieval texts and inscriptions recording major charitable donations to Hindu temples and community centers on this day.<ref>{{cite book|author=K.V. Raman|title=Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi: A Study of Its History, Art and Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=myK8ZYEIu4YC&pg=PA97|year=2003|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-026-6|pages=97–98}}</ref> The same day is observed as a New Year by Hindus in many other parts of India, such as [[Gudi Padwa]] in [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], and is a national public holiday in [[Mauritius]]. It is also a public holiday in [[Indonesia]] as Hindu Saka New Year which celebrated widely in [[Bali]] as [[Nyepi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Happy Ugadi 2026: Wishes, Messages, Quotes, Images, Greetings, Facebook & Whatsapp status |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/events/happy-ugadi-2023-wishes-messages-quotes-images-facebook-whatsapp-status/articleshow/98863253.cms |access-date=17 March 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 March 2026}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The name Yugadi or Ugadi is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] words ''[[yuga]]'' (era) and ''[[Adi|ādi]]'' (beginning): "the beginning of a new era."<ref name=narayanan18/> Yugadi or Ugadi falls on "''Chaitra Shudhdha Padyami''," or the first day of the bright half of the Indian month of [[Chaitra]]. This generally falls in late March or early April of the Gregorian calendar.<ref name=dalal427/><ref name="Jagannathan2005p77">{{cite book|author=Maithily Jagannathan|title=South Indian Hindu Festivals and Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcIrkKUJH9QC&pg=PA77 |year=2005|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-415-8|pages=77–78}}</ref>

The Telugu people use the term Ugadi<ref>{{cite news |date=March 25, 2020 |title=Hyderabad people celebrate Ugadi with food and family amid lockdown {{!}} Hyderabad News – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/people-celebrate-ugadi-with-food-and-family-in-hyderabad/articleshow/74807558.cms |access-date=4 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> (ఉగాది),<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mar 31 |first1=TOI-Online |title=Ugadi 2021 date, time and significance of Yugadi – Times of India |language=en |work=The Times of India |publisher=Times of india |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/festivals/ugadi-2021-date-time-and-significance-of-yugadi/articleshow/81773856.cms |access-date=4 April 2021 |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411112928/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/festivals/ugadi-2021-date-time-and-significance-of-yugadi/articleshow/81773856.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Kannadigas]] use the term Yugadi (ಯುಗಾದಿ) for this festival.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ಸೋಹೋನಿ|first=ವಿಶ್ವಾಸ|date=2018-03-15|title=ಯುಗಾದಿ ಎಂಬ ಹೊಸ ವರ್ಷ... ಏನಿದರ ಮಹತ್ವ?|url=https://kannada.oneindia.com/festivals/ugadi/significance-and-importance-of-ugadi-festival-136802.html|access-date=2021-04-13|website=kannada.oneindia.com|language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ugadi Festival in Telugu {{!}} ఉగాది చరిత్ర విశిష్టత విధానం|url=https://www.intelugu.net/ugadi/|access-date=2021-04-13|website=www.intelugu.net|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413031854/https://www.intelugu.net/ugadi/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Practices ==
[[File:Waterangoli.jpg|thumb|Muggu (rangoli) arrangement in April 2009]]
The Kannada and Telugu communities in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Telangana, Tamil Nadu and Kerala celebrate the festival with great fanfare; gatherings of the extended family and a sumptuous feast are required. The day begins early with ritual showers, rubbing the body with perfumed oil, followed by prayers.<ref name="Fowler1997p72"/>

[[File:Ugadi Pacchadi.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Ugadi Pacchadi (right) is a symbolic dish prepared by Hindu people during this festival]]
Preparations for the festival begin a week ahead. Houses are given a thorough clean.<ref name="Fowler1997p72"/> People buy new clothes, including dhoti, and buy new items for the festival to decorate the entrance of their houses with fresh mango leaves.<ref name="Jagannathan2005p77"/> Mango leaves and coconuts are considered auspicious in the Hindu tradition, and they are used on Ugadi. People also clean the front of their house with water and cow dung paste, then draw colorful floral designs.<ref name="Jagannathan2005p77"/> People offer prayers in temples. The celebration of Ugadi is marked by religious zeal and social merriment.<ref>[[Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi]] 91977), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2741405 Ritual as Language: The Case of South Indian Food Offerings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330015239/http://www.jstor.org/stable/2741405 |date=30 March 2017 }}, Current Anthropology, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 18, No. 3 (September 1977), pages 507–514</ref><ref name=narayanan18>{{cite journal | last=Narayanan | first=Vasudha | title=Y51K and Still Counting: Some Hindu Views of Time | journal=Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies | publisher=Butler University | volume=12 | issue=1 | year=1999| pages=17–18 | doi=10.7825/2164-6279.1205 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Ancient Tree 2009, pages 36-37">Neem - Ancient Tree, Modern Miracle, Warm Earth, National Library of Australia, No. 83, Mar/Apr 2009, pages 36-37</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Devagi Sanmugam|author2=Shanmugam Kasinathan|title=Indian Heritage Cooking|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQWJAAAAQBAJ |year=2011|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-981-4435-08-6|pages=96–97}}</ref> According to Vasudha Narayanan, a professor of religion at the University of Florida:<ref name="narayanan182" />

Special dishes are prepared for the occasion. In [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]], foods such as pulihora, bobbatlu (bhakshalu/polelu/oligale), New Year burelu and pachadi, and preparations made with raw mango go well with the occasion. Of these, ''pachadi'' (or ''Ugadi pacchadi'') is the most notable and consists of a chutney-like dish that combines all six flavours of food: sweet, sour, salty, spicy, bitter, and astringent.<ref>Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi 91977), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2741405 Ritual as Language: The Case of South Indian Food Offerings], Current Anthropology, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 18, No. 3 (September 1977), pages 507–514</ref> This festive Hindu food is made from tamarind paste (sour), neem flowers (bitter), brown sugar or sweet jaggery (sweet), table salt (salty), green chili (spicy), and raw mango (astringent). It is a symbolic reminder of complex phases of life one should reasonably expect in the new year.<ref name="narayanan182">{{cite journal|last=Narayanan|first=Vasudha|year=1999|title=Y51K and Still Counting: Some Hindu Views of Time|journal=Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies|publisher=Butler University|volume=12|issue=1|pages=17–18|doi=10.7825/2164-6279.1205|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Ancient Tree 2009, pages 36-37"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQWJAAAAQBAJ|title=Indian Heritage Cooking|author1=Devagi Sanmugam|author2=Shanmugam Kasinathan|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|year=2011|isbn=978-981-4435-08-6|pages=96–97}}</ref>

In [[Karnataka]], foods such as Holige or Obattu and mango pickles are made. In addition, a speciality of Yugadi in Karnataka is to create "bevu bella" a mixture of neem and jaggery, to signify both the sweet and the bitter, or the sihi-kahi(ಸಿಹಿ-ಕಹಿ). This symbolizes life's own experiences with a bit of bitterness and a hint of sweetness.

==Related festivals==
[[Maharashtra]]n Hindus refer to the festival, observed on the same day, as Gudhi Padwa ({{langx|mr|गुढी पाडवा}}).<ref>{{cite news |title=Share the love with a delectable Mavinakayi Chitranna recipe as you stay home this Gudi Padwa |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/share-the-love-with-a-delectable-mavinakayi-chitranna-recipe-as-you-stay-home-this-gudi-padwa/articleshow/74807075.cms |access-date=4 April 2021 |work=The Economic Times |publisher=The economic Times}}</ref> The [[Sindhis]] celebrate the same day as [[Cheti Chand]], which is the beginning of their calendar year.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/04/stories/2005040402650300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050406060740/http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/04/stories/2005040402650300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=6 April 2005 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Ugadi a time to rejoice | date=4 April 2005}}</ref> [[Meitei people|Manipuris]] also celebrate their New Year as [[Sajibu nongma panba|Sajibu Nongma Panba]] on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-18|title=Navratri, Gudi Padwa, Sajibu Cheiraoba, Ugadi geetings flood Twitter|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/navratri-gudi-padwa-sajibu-cheiraoba-ugadi-geetings-flood-twitter-1502603827.html|access-date=2021-04-13|website=The Statesman|language=en-US|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413032117/https://www.thestatesman.com/india/navratri-gudi-padwa-sajibu-cheiraoba-ugadi-geetings-flood-twitter-1502603827.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Hindus of [[Bali]] in [[Indonesia]] also celebrate their new year on the same day as [[Nyepi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-03-24|title=Bali's Silent Nyepi and India's Ugadi - A Time for Introspection|url=https://www.softpowermag.com/balis-silent-nyepi-and-indias-ugadi-a-time-for-introspection/|access-date=2021-04-13|website=Center for Soft Power|language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar]]
* [[Hindu units of time]]
* [[Yuga]]
* [[Vishu]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

{{HinduFestivals}}
{{Hindudharma}}
{{New Year by Calendar}}

[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]
[[Category:Culture of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Festivals in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Festivals in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Festivals in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Festivals in Telangana]]
[[Category:March observances]]
[[Category:April observances]]
[[Category:Culture of Karnataka]]
[[Category:New Year in India]]
[[Category:Observances in India]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals in India]]

AH1

2026-03-25T19:37:11Z

RondaWaddell840: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Longest route of the Asian Highway Network}}
{{About|a route of the Asian Highway Network|the single engine helicopter gunship|Bell AH-1 Cobra|the dual engine helicopter gunship|Bell AH-1 SuperCobra|other uses|AH-1 (disambiguation){{!}}AH-1}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox road
| country = ASIA
| type = AH
| route = 1
| map = AH1 Route Map.svg
| length_km = 20557
| direction_a = East
| direction_b = West
| terminus_a = [[Tokyo]], Japan {{Coord|35|41|03|N|139|46|29|E|}}
| terminus_b = [[Kapıkule]], Turkey {{Coord|41|43|01|N|26|21|10|E|}}
| junction =
| next_type = AH
| next_route = 2
| countries = [[Japan]], [[South Korea]], [[North Korea]], [[China]] (including [[Hong Kong]]), [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Iran]], [[Turkey]]
}}

'''Asian Highway 1''' ('''AH1''') is the longest east–west route of the [[Asian Highway Network]], running {{convert|20,557|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Tokyo]], Japan via the [[Korea|Korean Peninsula]] ([[South Korea]] and [[North Korea]]), [[China]] ([[Mainland China]] and [[Hong Kong]]), [[Mainland Southeast Asia]] ([[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[Thailand]], and [[Myanmar]]), the [[South Asia]] ([[India]], [[Bangladesh]], and [[Pakistan]]), and the [[Iranian Plateau]] ([[Afghanistan]] and [[Iran]]) to the [[Kapıkule|international border]] between [[Turkey]] and [[Bulgaria]] west of [[Istanbul]] where it joins [[European route E80]], running all the way to [[Lisbon]], Portugal.

==Japan==
[[File:The starting point of Asian highway Route 1, Chuo-city, Tokyo, Japan.jpg|thumb|AH1 at [[Nihonbashi]], Tokyo, the "zero milepost" for measuring highway distances to Tokyo.]]

The 1,200-kilometre<ref>Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, [http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TIS_pubs/pub_2303/Full%20version.pdf 2003 Asian Highway Handbook] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414184019/http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TIS_pubs/pub_2303/Full%20version.pdf |date=2012-04-14 }}, 2003, page 54</ref> section in Japan was added to the system in November 2003.<ref>Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, [http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TIS_pubs/pub_2303/Full%20version.pdf 2003 Asian Highway Handbook] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414184019/http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TIS_pubs/pub_2303/Full%20version.pdf |date=2012-04-14 }}, 2003, page 3</ref> It runs along the following [[toll road|tolled]] [[expressways of Japan|expressways]]:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mlit.go.jp/road/sign/sign/asian_highway/map.htm |script-title=ja:アジアハイウェイ標識の設置場所 |publisher=[[MLIT]] |language=ja |access-date=December 5, 2011}}</ref>
* [[File:Shuto Urban Expwy Sign C1.svg|30px]] [[Shuto Expressway]] [[Inner Circular Route|C1 Inner Circular Route]], Edobashi JCT to Tanimachi JCT via Takebashi JCT
* [[File:Shuto Urban Expwy Sign 0003.svg|30px]] [[Shuto Expressway]] [[Shibuya Route|Route 3 Shibuya Line]], Tanimachi JCT to Yoga Exit (Tokyo Interchange)
* {{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E1|dab1=T}},<ref>Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific,[http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TIS_pubs/pub_2303/Full%20version.pdf 2003 Asian Highway Handbook] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414184019/http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TIS_pubs/pub_2303/Full%20version.pdf |date=2012-04-14 }}, 2003, page 54 shows an aerial photo of the Yokohama Aoba Interchange, placing AH1 clearly on the Tomei Expressway rather than the other Tokyo-Nagoya expressway, the [[Chūō Expressway]].</ref> Tokyo Interchange to [[Komaki]]
* {{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E1|dab1=M}}, Komaki to [[Suita]] via [[Kyoto]]
* {{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E2A|dab1=C}}, Suita to [[Kobe]]
* {{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E2}}, Kobe to [[Yamaguchi (city)|Yamaguchi]] via [[Hiroshima]]
* {{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E2A|dab1=C}}, Yamaguchi to [[Shimonoseki]]
* {{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E2A|dab1=K}}, Shimonoseki to [[Kitakyushu]]
* {{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E3}}, Kitakyushu to [[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]]
* [[File:Japanese Urban Expwy Sign 0004.svg|30px]] [[Fukuoka Expressway]] Route 4
* [[File:Japanese Urban Expwy Sign 0001.svg|30px]] [[Fukuoka Expressway]] Route 1
* [[File:Japan ferry sign.png|30px|alt=|link=]] [[Camellia Line]] ferry to [[Busan]], South Korea.

From Fukuoka, the [[Japan–Korea Undersea Tunnel]] has been proposed to provide a fixed crossing.

== South Korea ==
[[File:Asian Highways 1 South Korea.jpg|206px|right|thumb|Signage along the [[Gyeongbu Expressway]] with AH 1 route marker]]

The section in South Korea mainly follows the [[Gyeongbu Expressway]]. The Highway Boundary of South and North Korea.
* [[File:Korea Urbanexpwy 71.png|30px|Right]] {{Interlanguage link|Busan City Route 71|ko|3=충장대로}}: [[Busan]]-[[Jung-gu, Busan|Centre]] - [[Busan]]-[[Dong-gu, Busan|Dong-gu]]
* [[File:Korea Urbanexpwy 11.svg|30px]] [[Beonyeong-ro (Busan)|Busan City Route 11]]: [[Busan]]-[[Dong-gu, Busan|Dong-gu]] - [[Busan]]-[[Geumjeong-gu, Busan|Geumjeong-gu]]
* [[File:Korea Expressway No.1.svg|30px]] [[Gyeongbu Expressway]]: [[Busan]]-[[Geumjeong-gu, Busan|Geumjeong-gu]] - [[Gyeongju]] - [[Daegu]] - [[Daejeon]] - [[Seoul]]-[[Seocho-gu]]
* [[File:Korea Urbanexpwy 41.png|30px]] [[Seoul City Route 41]]: [[Seoul]]-[[Seocho-gu]] - [[Seoul]]-[[Gangnam-gu]] - [[Seoul]]-[[Yongsan-gu]]
* [[File:KR road sign 138.svg|30px]] [[Namsan (Seoul)|Namsan]] 1st tunnel: [[Seoul]]-[[Yongsan-gu]] - [[Seoul]]-[[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]]
* [[File:Korea Urbanexpwy 21.png|30px]] [[Seoul City Route 21]]: [[Seoul]]-[[Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu]] - [[Seoul]]-[[Eunpyeong-gu]]
* [[File:Korea National Route No.1.svg|30px]] [[National Route 1 (South Korea)|National Route 1]]: [[Seoul]]-[[Eunpyeong-gu]] - [[Panmunjom]]

==North Korea==
* {{RouteBox|1||#0066B4}} [[Panmunjom|P'anmunjŏm]] - [[Kaesong|Kaesŏng]]
* [[File:고속도로시작안내.svg|x25px]] [[Reunification Highway|Pyongyang-Kaesong Motorway]]: [[Kaesong|Kaesŏng]] - [[Pyongyang|P'yŏngyang]]
* {{RouteBox|1||#0066B4}} [[File:고속도로시작안내.svg|x25px]] [[:Pyongyang–Sinuiju Motorway]]: [[Pyongyang|P'yŏngyang]] - [[Sinuiju|Sinŭiju]]

==China==
* Within Dandong: [[New Yalu River Bridge]] - Guomen Avenue - {{jct|country=CHN|S|326}} (Dandong Xinqu IC) - {{jct|country=CHN|Expwy|11}} Zhangjiabao JCT - {{jct|country=CHN|Expwy|1113}} Dandong JCT
* {{jct|country=CHN|Expwy|1113}}: [[Dandong]] - [[Shenyang]]
* Within Shenyang: {{jct|country=CHN|Expwy|1501}}: Xiashengou JCT - Jinbaotai JCT - Beiliguan JCT
* {{jct|country=CHN|Expwy|1}}: [[Shenyang]] - [[Jinzhou]] - [[Beijing]]
* Within Beijing: {{jct|country=CHN|Expwy|4501}}: Shiyuan JCT - Maju JCT - Shuangyuan JCT - Fangshan Liyuan JCT
* {{jct|country=CHN|Expwy|4}}: [[Beijing]] - [[Shijiazhuang]] - [[Zhengzhou]] - [[Xinyang]] - [[Wuhan]] - [[Changsha]] - [[Xiangtan]] - [[Guangzhou]]
* Within Guangzhou: {{jct|country=CHN|Expwy|1508}}: Taihe JCT - Longshan JCT - Leping JCT - Hengjiang JCT
* {{jct|country=CHN|Expwy|80}}: [[Guangzhou]] - [[Nanning]]
* {{jct|country=CHN|Expwy|7211}}: [[Nanning]] - [[Friendship Pass|Youyiguan]]

=== Guangzhou - Shenzhen branch ===
* {{jct|country=CHN|Expwy|1508}}: Taihe JCT - Guantian JCT
* {{jct|country=CHN|province=GD|S|3}}: [[Guangzhou]] - [[Shenzhen]] ([[Shenzhen Bay Port]])

==Hong Kong==
* {{jct|country=HKG|route|10}}: Shenzhen Bay Port - [[Hong Kong–Shenzhen Western Corridor|Shenzhen Bay Bridge]] - [[Lam Tei]]
* {{jct|country=HKG|route|9}}: [[Lam Tei]] - [[Yuen Long Highway]] - [[San Tin Highway]] - [[Lok Ma Chau Control Point]]

==Vietnam==
[[File:Cầu Long Thành, Đường cao tốc TP.HCM - Long Thành - Dầu Giây.JPG|thumb|Long Thanh Bridge]]
* {{Vietnam road banner|QL|1}}: [[Friendship Pass|Hữu Nghị Quan]] - [[Đồng Đăng]]
* {{Vietnam road banner|CT|01}}:[[Lạng Sơn province|Lạng Sơn]] - [[Bắc Giang]] - [[Bắc Ninh]] - [[Hanoi]]
* {{Vietnam road banner|CT|37}}: [[Hanoi]]
* {{Vietnam road banner|CT|01}}: [[Hanoi]] - [[Thanh Hoá]] - [[Diễn Châu]] - [[Nghi Sơn]] - [[Đông Hà]] - [[Huế]] - [[Da Nang|Đà Nẵng]] - [[Hội An]] - [[Quảng Ngãi]]
* {{Vietnam road banner|QL|1}}: [[Quy Nhơn]] - [[Tuy Hòa]] - [[Cả Pass|Cả Tunnel(Pass)]]
* {{Vietnam road banner|CT|01}}: [[Cả Pass|Cả Tunnel(Pass)]] - [[Cam Ranh]] - [[Tuy Phong]] - [[Phan Thiết]] - [[Dầu Giây]]
* {{Vietnam road banner|CT|29}}: [[Dầu Giây]] - [[Long Thành district|Long Thành]] - [[Phú Hữu, District 9|Phú Hữu]]
** Connection to {{ill|HCMC Ring Road 2|vi|Đường vành đai 2 (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh)}} (Phú Hữu to High-Tech Park) (temporary)
* {{Vietnam road banner|QL|1}}: [[Ho Chi Minh City|Ho Chi Minh]]
* {{Vietnam road banner|CT|40}}: [[Dĩ An, Bình Dương|Dĩ An]] - [[Thuận An, Bình Dương|Thuận An]]
** Connection to {{Vietnam road banner|QL|13}} (Thuận An to Thủ Đức) (temporary)
* {{Vietnam road banner|QL|1}}: [[Ho Chi Minh City|Ho Chi Minh]]
* {{Vietnam road banner|QL|22}}: [[Ho Chi Minh City|Ho Chi Minh]] - [[Mộc Bài]]

In future,
* {{Vietnam road banner|CT|1}} (Đồng Đăng - Lạng Sơn, Diễn Châu - Cam Lộ, Quảng Ngãi - Nha Trang)
* {{Vietnam road banner|CT|40}} (Long Trường - Tân Vạn, Bình Chuẩn - Củ Chi)
* {{Vietnam road banner|CT|31}} (HCMC - Mộc Bài)

will become part of AH1 instead of the current National Highway 1 and National Highway 22.

==Cambodia==
* [[File:N1-KH.svg|x30px]] [[National Highway 1 (Cambodia)|Route 1]]: [[Bavet]] - [[Phnom Penh]]
* [[File:N5-KH.svg|x30px]] [[National Highway 5 (Cambodia)|Route 5]]: [[Phnom Penh]] - [[Poipet]]

==Thailand==
[[File:Thailand AH1 AH2 Route 32 Ayutthaya.JPG|thumb|AH1, [[AH2]] and [[Thailand Route 32]] in [[Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthaya]]]]
[[File:Thai myanmar friendship bridge.jpg|thumb|Thai Myanmar Friendship Bridge]]
* [[File:Thai Highway-33.svg|30px]] [[Thailand Route 33|Route 33]]: [[Aranyaprathet]] - [[Kabin Buri District|Kabin Buri]] - [[Hin Kong]]
* [[File:Thai Highway-1.svg|30px]] [[Phahonyothin Road|Route 1]]: [[Hin Kong]] - [[Bang Pa-in District|Bang Pa In]]
* [[File:Thai Highway-32.svg|30px]] [[Thailand Route 32|Route 32]]: - [[Bang Pa-in District|Bang Pa In]] - [[Chai Nat]] (Concurrent with {{Jct|country=THA|AH|2}})
* [[File:Thai Highway-1.svg|30px]] [[Phahonyothin Road|Route 1]]: [[Chai Nat]] - [[Tak, Thailand|Tak]] (Concurrent with {{Jct|country=THA|AH|2}})
* [[File:Thai Highway-12.svg|30px]] [[Thailand Route 12|Route 12]]: [[Tak, Thailand|Tak]] - [[Mae Sot]]

==Myanmar==
* [[National Highway 8 (Myanmar)|National Highway 8]]: [[Myawaddy]] - [[Payagyi]]
** ''Branch'' [[Yangon–Mandalay Expressway]] : [[Payagyi]] - [[Yangon]]
* [[Yangon–Mandalay Expressway]]: [[Payagyi]] - [[Meiktila]] - [[Mandalay]]
* [[National Highway 7 (Myanmar)|National Highway 7]]: (Concurrent with {{Jct|country=MMR|AH|2}}): [[Mandalay]] - [[Tamu, Burma|Tamu]]

==India (East)==
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|102}}: [[Moreh, India|Moreh]] - [[Imphal]]
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|2}}: [[Imphal]] - [[Viswema]] - [[Kohima]]
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|29}}: [[Kohima]] - [[Chümoukedima]] - [[Dimapur]] - [[Doboka]]
* {{jct |country=IND|NH|129}}: [[Dimapur]]- [[Silonijan]] - [[Rangajan]] - [[Numaligarh]]
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|27}}: [[Doboka]] - [[Nagaon]] - [[Jorabat]]
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|6}}: [[Jorabat]] - [[Shillong]]
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|206}}: [[Shillong]] - [[Dawki]]

==Bangladesh==

[[File:Road to jaflong.jpg|thumb|N2 in Bangladesh]]
* {{Jct|country=BGD|N|2}}: [[Tamabil, Sylhet]] - [[Sylhet]] - [[Kanchpur]] - [[Dhaka]]
* {{Jct|country=BGD|N|8}}: [[Dhaka-Mawa-Bhanga Expressway]]
* {{Jct|country=BGD|N|804}}: [[Bhanga Upazila|Bhanga]], [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]] - Alipur, [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]]
* {{Jct|country=BGD|N|803}}: Alipur, [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]] - Goalchamot, [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]]
* {{Jct|country=BGD|N|7}}: [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]] - [[Jessore (city)|Jashore]]
* {{Jct|country=BGD|N|706}}: [[Jessore District|Jashore]] - [[Benapole]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rhd.gov.bd/RHDMaps/Maps/Country_Bangladesh.pdf |title=RHD Road Network Bangladesh |access-date=2009-01-26 |archive-date=2017-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013155115/http://www.rhd.gov.bd/RHDMaps/Maps/Country_Bangladesh.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==India (West)==
[[File:Asean India Car Rally While Reached Numaligarh.jpg|thumb|Asean India car rally crossing AH1 at [[Numaligarh]] ]]
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|112}}: [[Petrapole]] - [[Barasat]]
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|12}}: [[Barasat]] - [[Kolkata Airport]]
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|19}}: [[Dankuni]] - [[Bardhaman|Bardhaman]] - [[Durgapur, West Bengal|Durgapur]] -[[Asansol]] - [[Dhanbad]] [[Barhi, Hazaribagh|-Barhi]] - [[Mohania]] - [[Varanasi]] - [[Allahabad]] - [[Kanpur]] - [[Agra]] - [[New Delhi]]
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|44}}/ [[Grand Trunk Road]]: [[New Delhi]] - [[Sonipat]] - [[Ambala]] - [[Jalandhar]]
* {{jct|country=IND|NH|3}}/ [[Grand Trunk Road]]: [[Jalandhar]] - [[Amritsar]] - [[Attari]]

==Pakistan==
[[File:KhyberPassPakistan.jpg|thumb|[[Khyber Pass]]]]

[[File:Cruising on M2.jpg|thumb|Motorway [[M-2 motorway (Pakistan)|M-2]], [[Lahore]]-[[Islamabad]]]]
* [[Grand Trunk Road]], [[Wagah]] — [[Lahore]]
* [[File:Pakistan M-2.svg|30px|M-2|link=M2 motorway (Pakistan)]] [[M-2 motorway (Pakistan)|M-2]]: [[Lahore]] — [[Islamabad]]
* [[File:Pakistan M-1.svg|30px|M-1|link=M1 motorway (Pakistan)]] [[M-1 motorway (Pakistan)|M-1]]: [[Islamabad]] — [[Peshawar]]
* [[File:Pakistan N-5.svg|30px|N-5|link=N-5 National Highway]] [[N-5 National Highway|N-5]]: [[Peshawar]] — [[Torkham]]

==Afghanistan==
* {{RouteBox|NH08||#0000CD}}: [[Jalalabad]] - [[Kabul]]
* {{RouteBox|NH0101||#0000CD}} [[Highway 1 (Afghanistan)|Ring Highway]]: [[Kabul]] - [[Kandahar]]
* {{RouteBox|NH0102||#0000CD}} [[Highway 1 (Afghanistan)|Ring Highway]]: [[Kandahar]] - [[Delaram]] - [[Herat]]
* {{RouteBox|NH63||#0000CD}}: [[Herat]] - [[Islam Qala]]

==Iran==
* [[File:Road36.png|18px|link=Road 36 (Iran)]] : [[Islam Qala]] - [[Taybad]]
* [[File:Road97.png|18px|link=Road 97 (Iran)]] : [[Taybad]]- [[Sang Bast, Razavi Khorasan|Sang Bast]]
* [[File:Road44.png|18px|link=Road 44 (Iran)]] : [[Sang Bast, Razavi Khorasan|Sang Bast]] - [[Nishapur]] - [[Sabzevar]] - [[Shahrood]] - [[Damghan]] - [[Semnan (city)|Semnan]] - [[Tehran]]
* [[File:Freeway2 East in iran.jpg|thumb|[[Freeway 2 (Iran)|Freeway 2]], the continuation of AH1 in [[Iran]]]] [[File:Freeway in Iran.svg|30px]] [[File:Iran Freeway 2.png|13px|link=Freeway 2 (Iran)]] : [[Tehran]] - [[Qazvin]] - [[Zanjan, Iran|Zanjan]] - [[Tabriz]] [[File:خروجی زنجان در آزادراه زنجان قزوین.jpg|thumb|[[Freeway 2 (Iran)|Qazvin Zanjan Freeway]] is a part of Asian Highway 1 in [[Iran]]]] [[File:Qazvin-Rasht freeway intersection bridge on Zanjan-Qazvin freeway.jpg|thumb|[[Qazvin-Rasht Freeway]] [[Intersection (road)|intersection]] bridge on [[Freeway 2 (Iran)|Zanjan-Qazvin freeway]] in Iran]]
* [[File:Road32.png|18px|link=Road 32 (Iran)]] : [[Tabriz]] - [[Town of Bazargan, Iran|Bazargan]]
[[File:Abhar exit on Qazvin-Zanjan freeway.jpg|thumb|[[Abhar]] exit on [[Freeway 2 (Iran)|Qazvin-Zanjan freeway]] in Iran]]
[[File:Qazvin Zanjan Freeway.jpg|thumb|[[Freeway 2 (Iran)|Qazvin Zanjan Freeway]] in [[Khorramdarreh County]]-[[Zanjan province|Zanjan]] in Iran]]

==Turkey==
[[File:Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge (30881432865).jpg|thumb|[[Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge]]]]
* {{jct|country=TUR|E|80|D|100 }} [[State road D100 (Turkey)|Road D100]]: [[Gürbulak]] - [[Doğubayazıt]] - [[Aşkale]] - [[Refahiye]]
* {{jct|country=TUR|E|88|D|200 }} [[State road D200 (Turkey)|Road D200]]: [[Refahiye]] - [[Sivas]] - [[Ankara]]
* {{Jct|E|90|E|89|O|20|country=TUR}}: [[Ankara]]
* {{jct|country=TUR|E|89|E|80|O|4}} [[Otoyol 4]]: [[Ankara]] - [[Gerede]] - [[Istanbul]]
* {{jct|country=TUR|E|80|O|7 }} [[Otoyol 7]]: [[Istanbul]]
* {{jct|country=TUR|E|80|O|3 }} [[Otoyol 3]]: [[Istanbul]] - [[Edirne]] - - [[Kapıkule]] ({{flag|Bulgaria}}, [[Image:Mw A4 BG.svg|25px|link=Maritsa motorway]] [[Maritsa motorway]])

==Connection to E80==
[[File:European route E80.png|thumb|E80 across southern Europe]]
{{main|European route E80}}
The route AH1 links to {{jct|country=EUR|E|80 }} in Turkey. The E80 continues in the [[E-road network]] from the [[Iran–Turkey border|border station]] at [[Gürbulak]] in [[Turkey]] to [[Istanbul]] followed by E80 highways to [[Bulgaria–Turkey border|Kapitan Andreevo/Kapıkule]], [[Sofia]], [[Niš]], [[Pristina]], [[Dubrovnik]], [[Pescara]], [[Rome]], [[Genoa]], [[Nice]], [[Toulouse]], [[Burgos]], [[Valladolid]], [[Salamanca]] and finally [[Lisbon]] on the Atlantic Ocean.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category}}{{AHN}}

[[Category:AH1| ]]
[[Category:Asian Highway Network]]
[[Category:Transport in Iran]]
[[Category:Transport in North Korea]]
[[Category:Roads in China]]
[[Category:Transport in Cambodia]]
[[Category:Transport in Myanmar]]
[[Category:Transport in Japan]]
[[Category:Roads in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Roads in Myanmar]]
[[Category:Roads in Iran]]
[[Category:Roads in Japan]]
[[Category:Roads in Turkey]]
[[Category:Roads in North Korea]]
[[Category:Roads in South Korea]]
[[Category:Roads in Vietnam]]
[[Category:Roads in Cambodia]]
[[Category:Highways in Thailand]]
[[Category:Roads in India]]
[[Category:Roads in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Roads in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Transport in Vietnam]]
[[Category:Highways in Bangladesh]]

Ahore

2026-03-24T17:17:22Z

RondaWaddell840: Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ahore
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.367|N|72.783|E|display=inline,title}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Ahor.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Ahore |access-date=3 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204025102/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Ahore.html |archive-date=4 December 2008 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalor district|Jalor]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = Thakur Veridas
| named_for = Avri (आवरी)
| government_type = Nagar palika
| governing_body = Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1,887
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 183
| population_total = 2,39,642
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Marwari language|Marwari]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 307029
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +912978
| registration_plate = RJ-16
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 963 [[male|♂]]/ 947[[female|♀]]
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|RJ-IN]]
| footnotes =
| blank_name_sec1 = Total Villages
| blank_info_sec1 = 136
}}

'''Ahore''' or '''Ahor (Aavar) ''' is a city in the [[Jalore District]] of the Indian state of Rajasthan at the intersection of Sanderao-Jalore and Jalore-Jodhpur Highway.

==Ahore==
Ahore was a Thikana of 10 villages of Rathore sub clan Champawat Rajputs. Thakur Jagannath Singh, the first Thakur of Ahore, was granted the Ahor estate in 1706 by Maharaja Ajit Singh of Marwar following the Battle of Dunada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rathore |first=Abhinay |date=1618 |title=Ahor (Thikana) |url=https://www.indianrajputs.com/view/ahor#present-ruler |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Rajput Provinces of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
It is located 18 km east of [[Jalore]] on [[National Highway 325 (India)|NH 325]] between Jalore and [[Sanderao]]. It is the headquarters of the [[tehsil]] of the same name.

This town can be found at the intersection that connects Jalore, the District Headquarters, and [[Jodhpur]], a major city.

The Ahor tehsil has 41 [[Gram Panchayat]]s. The Gram Panchayats are: [[Agwari, Jalore|Agawari]], Ahore, Aipura, Ajeetpura, Bala, Bankli, Badanwari, Bavadi, [[Bhadrajun]], Bhawrani, Bhanswara, Bhooti, Bhorda, Bithuda, Chandra, Charali, Chavarcha, Chunda, Dayalpura, Dodiyali, Ghana, [[Guda Balotan]], [[Harji]], Kamdba, Kanwla, Kavarada, Nimbla, Norwa, Nosra, [[Padarali]], Panchota, Paota, Raithal, Rama, Rodla, Sankarna, Sedria, Shankhwali, Sugalia Jodha, Thanwala, Umedpur, Valadara and Vediya.<ref>[http://offerings.nic.in/directory/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=700&parenttype=B&ptype=V&button1=Submit Village Panchayats of AHORE, JALORE, RAJASTHAN]{{Dead link|date=October 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
Ahore tehsil has a population of 2,39,642 peoples, out of which urban population is 16,867 while rural population is 2,22,775 according to census in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx}}</ref>

===Bhata Gair===
Ahor was the site of Bhata Gair, a ceremony which, until 2004, took place during the festival of [[Holi]]. As a rule, only those born in Ahor were allowed to participate. In this ritual, people were divided into two teams, one that consumed alcohol and the other that did not, and they were separated with a fence in between. The aim was to cross the fence, and the team who crossed the fence wins. When one player attempted to cross the fence, the members of the other team would throw stones and attack the player who the player which was crossing the fence with bamboo sticks. The ceremony was ended by the administration due to its dangerous nature.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.patrika.com/jalore-news/shattered-ahor-s-ebb-in-the-pages-of-history-5867193/|publisher=patrika.com|date=Mar 7, 2020 |website=Patrika|title=End of Bhata Gair|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Jalore district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Jalore district]]
[[Category:Tehsils of Jalore district]]

Varieties of biryani

2026-03-23T11:50:20Z

RondaWaddell840: new new info - done

{{Short description|Rice-based dishes}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
[[Biryani]] is a [[mixed rice dish]] originating in the contact between delicate Persian [[Pilaf|pilau]] and spicy Indian cuisine under the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperors]]. It is made with rice, meat, onions, garlic, yoghurt, and [[spices]].<ref name="Collingham 2006">{{cite book |last=Collingham |first=Lizzie |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |url=https://archive.org/details/curry00lizz |title=Curry: A Tale of Cooks and Conquerors |date=6 February 2006 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-988381-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/curry00lizz/page/27 27–28] |url-access=registration}}</ref>
There are many '''varieties of biryani''', both in the Indian subcontinent and in countries around the world.

== On the Indian subcontinent ==

[[File:Hyderabadi egg biryani.jpg|thumb|[[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabadi]] egg ''biryani'' served with mirchi ka salan, raita and salad]]

[[File:Biryani of Lahore.jpg|thumb|''Biryani'' of Lahore]]

There are many types of ''biryani'', whose names are often based on their region of origin. For example, [[Sindhi biryani]] developed in the [[Sindh]] region of what is now Pakistan, and [[Hyderabadi biryani]] developed in the city of [[Hyderabad]] in South India.

Some have taken the name of the shop that sells it, for example: ''[[Haji Biriyani]]'', ''Haji Nanna Biriyani'' in [[Old Dhaka]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/page2/content/story/489063.html |title=The king of rice dishes |first=Mohammad |last=Isam |website=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref> ''Fakhruddin Biriyani'' in [[Dhaka]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nibizsoft.com/dhakas-biryani-a-taste-of-aristocracy/ |title=Dhaka's Biryani - A Taste of Aristocracy |date=23 May 2015 |website=NIBiz Soft |access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://bdnews24.com/lifestyle/2016/03/28/dhakas-biryani-can-be-unesco-world-heritage-says-food-critic-matt-preston |title=Dhaka's biryani can be UNESCO world heritage, says food critic Matt Preston |first=Hassan |last=Bipul |date=28 March 2016 |website=[[Bdnews24.com]] |access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref> Students ''biryani'' in [[Karachi]], Lucky ''biryani'' in Bandra, Mumbai and Baghdadi ''biryani'' in [[Colaba]], Mumbai.<ref name="ndtvravish" /> ''Biryanis'' are often specific to the Muslim communities where they originate; they are usually the defining dishes of those communities.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://blogs.hindustantimes.com/rude-hotels/2009/02/01/where-does-biryani-come-from/ |title=Where does biryani come from? |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=20 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624141257/http://blogs.hindustantimes.com/rude-hotels/2009/02/01/where-does-biryani-come-from/ |archive-date=24 June 2016}}</ref>

=== Ambur/Vaniyambadi biryani ===

Ambur/Vaniyambadi ''biryani'' is a variety cooked in the neighboring towns of [[Ambur]] and [[Vaniyambadi]] in the [[Tirupattur district]] of the northeastern part of [[Tamil Nadu]], which houses a high Muslim population. It was introduced during the time of the [[Nawab of Arcot|Nawabs of Arcot]] who once ruled the area. It is typically made with [[Samba (rice)|''jeera samba'' rice]]. Nowadays, it is popular as both [[Ambur]] or [[Vaniyambadi]] style ''biryani'' as those are two prominent towns along the popular [[National Highway 48 (India)|Bangalore to Chennai highway]], where travellers are known to stop for eating.<ref>{{cite news |date=2015-08-20 |title=Ambur and the art of biryani |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/ambur-and-the-art-of-biryani/article7561508.ece |access-date=2024-08-04 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

The Ambur/Vaniyambadi ''biryani'' is often accompanied by ''dhalcha'', a sour ''[[brinjal]]'' curry, and ''pachadi'' or ''[[Raita|raitha]]'' (sliced onions mixed with plain yogurt, tomato, chilies, and salt). The usage of spice is moderate, and curd is used as a gravy base. It has a higher ratio of meat to rice.<ref name="TheHindu2012">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/Food/food-safari-in-search-of-ambur-biryani/article3452311.ece |title=Food Safari: In search of Ambur biryani |last1=Padmanabhan |first1=Mukund |last2=Jeyan |first2=Subash |last3=Wilson |first3=Subajayanthi |date=26 May 2012 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=6 August 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018041053/http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/Food/food-safari-in-search-of-ambur-biryani/article3452311.ece |archive-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>

=== Bhatkali/Navayathi biryani ===

This is an integral part of the [[Nawayath|Navayath]] cuisine and a specialty of [[Bhatkal]], a coastal town in [[Karnataka]]. Its origins are traced to the Persian traders who introduced ''biryani'' along with ''kababs'' and Indian breads. In Bhatkali ''biryani'', the meat is cooked in an onion and green chili-based ''masala'' and layered with fragrant rice. It has a spicy flavour, and the rice is white with mild streaks of orange. Its variations include beef, goat, chicken, ''titar'' ([[partridge]]), egg, fish, crab, prawn, and vegetable ''biryani''. A few chilies and spices with curry leaves add flavour to the dish. No oil is used.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=K. C. Vijaya |title=In search of Bhatkal Biryani |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/mag-columns/in-search-of-bhatkal-biryani/article4512252.ece |date=16 March 2013 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref>

Another variety common among the Navayath uses rice vermicelli in place of rice, lending this biryani the name ''shayya'' or ''shayyo''. Like many other recipes, the meat, typically chicken, is first cooked with spices and yoghurt, with the vermicelli and fried onions added later.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.clubmahindra.com/blog/food/shayya-biryani-recipe |title=Shayyo Biryani: A Bhatkali tradition |website=Club Mahindra}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=December 2025|reason=Blogs are not reliable unless written by notable chefs}}

=== Bohri biryani ===

This ''biryani'', traditionally made by the [[Musta'li|Bohri]] community, is one with a rich history. The Bohris, originally from [[Yemen]], migrated mainly to [[Gujarat]] and other parts of India between the 11th and 13th centuries. As a result, the dish incorporates both Yemeni and Gujarati influences. The recipe is typically standard and can vary, although its signature ingredients include crispy potatoes along with even more tomatoes and onions. It is seemingly also a dish in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://smshahinulislam.substack.com/p/bohri-biryani |title=Bohri Biryani: History and Tradition |date=15 August 2023}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=December 2025|reason=Blogs are not reliable unless written by notable chefs}}

=== Chettinad biryani ===

[[Chettinad cuisine|Chettinad]] ''biryani'' is famous in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is mostly made using [[Samba (rice)|''jeera samba'']] rice, and is known to have a distinct aroma of spices and ''[[ghee]]''.This biryani is usually paired with ''nenju elumbu kuzhambu'', a spicy and tangy goat meat gravy {{citation needed|date=March 2023}}. The ''podi [[Chicken|kozhi]]'' is usually topped with fried onions and curry leaves.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/All-the-way-from-Karaikudi/article14397076.ece |title=All the way from Karaikudi |first=Parshathy J. |last=Nath |date=23 June 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=19 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/little-chettinad-in-east-delhi/article6272241.ece |title=Little Chettinad in East Delhi |first=Rahul |last=Verma |date=1 August 2014 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=19 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/delicious-destinations-from-dindigul-biryani-to-bikaneri-bhujia-foodie-2852537/ |title=Delicious destinations: From Dindigul biryani to Bikaneri bhujia |date=14 June 2016 |newspaper=The Indian Express|access-date=19 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/When-Hyderabad-came-to-Chennai/article14485058.ece |title=When Hyderabad came to Chennai |first=Akila |last=Kannadasan |date=12 July 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=19 January 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Degh ki.jpg|thumb|alt=Degh Biryani|upright=0.6|Degh biryani, as served in Parbhani District and surroundings]]

=== Delhi biryani ===

Among the styles of biryani in Delhi, Nizamuddin ''biryani'' usually had little expensive meat and spices as it was primarily meant to be made in bulk for offering at the [[Nizamuddin Dargah]] shrine and thereafter to be distributed to devotees.<ref name="ndtvravish" /> A non-''dum'' ''biryani'', using many green chillies, popularized by the Babu Shahi Bawarchi shops located outside the National Sports Club in Delhi, is informally called Babu Shahi ''biryani''. Another version of Delhi ''biryani'' uses ''achaar'' (pickles) and is called achaari ''biryani''.<ref name="pratibha">{{cite book |last1=Karan |first1=Pratibha |year=2009 |title=Biryani |publisher=Random House (India) |isbn=978-8184000931 |pages= }}</ref>{{page needed|date=December 2025}}

=== Dhakaiya biryani ===

[[File:Bangladeshi Biryani.jpg|thumb|right|Bengali mutton biryani is known as Dhaka kacchi ''biriyani'']]

The city of [[Dhaka]] in Bangladesh is known for Dhakaiya kacchi ''biryani'', a [[Goat meat|chevon]] ''biryani'' made with highly seasoned rice and goat meat. The recipe includes highly seasoned rice, goat meat, [[mustard oil]], garlic, onion, [[black pepper]], [[saffron]], [[clove]], [[cardamom]], [[cinnamon]], salt, lemon, [[Curd (India)|''doi'']], peanuts, [[cream]], [[raisin]]s and a small amount of cheese (either from cows or [[Water buffalo|buffalo]]). It is accompanied by ''[[borhani]]'', a salted mint drink made of yogurt, coriander, mint and salt.{{citation needed|date=December 2025}}

[[Haji Biriyani|Haji ''biryani'']] is a favourite among Bangladeshis living abroad.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sakhawat |first1=Adil |title=Haji Biriyani: The Scintillating Taste from Old Dhaka |url=http://www.daily-sun.com/old_version/details_yes_08-03-2013_Haji-Biriyani:-The-Scintillating-Taste-from-Old-Dhaka_431_4_14_1_8.html |access-date=30 April 2015 |newspaper=[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)|Daily Sun]] |date=8 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091201/http://www.daily-sun.com/old_version/details_yes_08-03-2013_Haji-Biriyani:-The-Scintillating-Taste-from-Old-Dhaka_431_4_14_1_8.html |archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> A recipe was handed down by the founder of one Dhaka restaurant to the next generation. Haji Mohammad Shahed claimed, "I have never changed anything, not even the amount of salt".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mydans |first1=Seth |title=For A Secret Stew Recipe, Time Is Running Out |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/08/garden/for-a-secret-stew-recipe-time-is-running-out.html |date=8 July 1987 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=30 April 2015}}</ref>

=== Dindigul biryani ===

The city of [[Dindigul]] in Tamil Nadu is noted for its ''biryani'', which uses a little curd and lemon juice for a tangy taste.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Biryani-bistro/article15706628.ece |title=Biryani bistro |newspaper=The Hindu |date=22 November 2010 |orig-date=11 March 2010 |access-date=28 December 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227015614/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Biryani-bistro/article15706628.ece |archive-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>

=== Donne biryani ===

According to some historians, this ''biryani'' is believed to have originated many centuries ago, although the purported origins are numerous and disputed. One historical account states that in 1638, [[Shahaji|Shahaji Bhosale]] of the Maratha Empire achieved his conquest of [[Bangalore]] in Karnataka, and his descendants set up and ran these new establishments called "military hotels".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/a-cottonpet-institution-famed-for-biryani-turns-111/articleshow/70231923.cms|title=The Rich History of Donne Biryani|work=The Times of India |date=16 July 2019 }}</ref>

Today, the [[Military hotels in Bangalore|military hotels]] of Bangalore are well known for selling ''biryani'' served in dried leaf bowls called '''donne''' in Kannada.<ref>{{cite news |title=This Bengaluru hotel is a hit with biriyani lovers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/watch-this-bengaluru-hotel-is-a-hit-with-biriyani-lovers/article66135707.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Like many other biryani varieties in South India, it uses the standard short-grain [[Samba (rice)|''seeraga samba'' rice]]. Along with yogurt and spices, it contains a gravy, mainly composed of [[Spearmint|mint]], [[coriander]] leaves and [[chili pepper|green chillies]], that gives the biryani its signature green colour. To impart a specific taste, the recipe for this biryani usually includes either kapok buds (known as Marathi moggu) or [[Parmotrema perlatum|stone flowers]] as additional spices. The choice of meat can be either chicken or mutton.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kannammacooks.com/donne-biryani/|title=Chicken Donne Biryani: A Kannada Favourite|date=19 October 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Biryani Galore: 5 Must-Have Biryanis in Bengaluru City |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/biriyani-galore-5-must-have-biriyanis-in-bengaluru-city-101647080504135.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=When power lunches get gourmet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/when-power-lunches-get-gourmet/articleshow/74337733.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Hyderabadi biryani ===

{{Main|Hyderabadi biryani}}

[[File:Hyderabadi Chicken Biryani.jpg|thumb|right|Hyderabadi chicken ''biryani'']]
Hyderabadi ''biryani'' is India's most famous ''biryani''; some say ''biryani'' is synonymous with Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india.com/food-2/10-cities-in-india-for-the-food-lovers-soul-212397/ |title=10 Cities in India for the Food Lover's Soul |date=5 December 2014 |website=India.com |access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref> Hyderabadi ''biryani'' developed in [[Hyderabad Subah]] under the rule of [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asif Jah I|Asaf Jah I]], who was first appointed as the governor of [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]. It is made with ''[[basmati]]'' rice, spices and goat meat. Popular variations use chicken instead of goat meat. There are various forms of Hyderabadi ''biryani'', such as ''kachay gosht ki biryani'' or ''dum biryani'', where [[goat meat]] is marinated and cooked along with the rice. It is left on a slow fire or ''[[Dum pukht|dum]]'' for a fragrant and aromatic flavour.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/04/14/indias-best-city-for-biryani-is-2/ |title=India's Best City For Biryani Is... |date=14 April 2013 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=16 May 2016}}</ref>

=== Kutchi/Memoni biryani ===

Memoni or Kutchi ''biryani'' is an extremely spicy variety developed by the [[Memon people|Memons]] of [[Gujarat]]-[[Sindh]] region in India and Pakistan.<ref name="rediff_Priya2004">{{cite news |last=Ganapti |first=Priya |date=9 April 2004 |title=Of biryani, history, and entrepreneurship |url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/apr/09spec.htm |access-date=27 August 2014 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

=== Kalyani biryani ===

[[File:Food-Beef-Biryani-2.jpg|thumb|Beef ''biryani'']]

Kalyani ''biryani'' is a beef ''biryani'' from the former state of [[Hyderabad Deccan]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/02/10/stories/2008021050080400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216011627/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/02/10/stories/2008021050080400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 February 2008 |title=Stuff of memories |date=10 February 2008 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref> Also known as the "poor man's" Hyderabadi ''biryani'', Kalyani ''biryani'' is made from small cubes of [[water buffalo|buffalo meat]] or cow meat.<ref>{{cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Mohit |date=24 August 2015 |title=The Other Hyderabadi Biryani With a 300-Year-Old Past |url=http://food.ndtv.com/opinions/the-other-hyderabadi-biryani-with-a-300-year-old-past-730300 |access-date=6 August 2018 |website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Nanisetti |first=Serish |date=4 November 2015 |title=A tale of two biryanis |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-tale-of-two-biryanis/article7838496.ece |access-date=6 August 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

The meat is flavoured with [[ginger]], garlic, [[turmeric]], [[Chili pepper|red chili]], [[cumin]], [[coriander]] powder, and considerable amounts of onion and tomato. It is first cooked in a thick [[curry]] and then cooked along with rice. It is then cooked [[dum pukht|''dum'']]-style (the Indian method of [[steaming]] in a covered pot). It has a distinct flavour of tomatoes, ''jeera'' and ''dhania''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dhara |first=Tushar |date=10 June 2015 |title=Why Kalyani Beef Biryani Is a Favourite of Many Hyderabadis, Muslim, and Hindu |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/tushar-dhara-/as-the-furore-over-beef-r_b_8243228.html |access-date=6 August 2018 |work=[[The Huffington Post]]}}</ref>

Kalyani ''biryani'' is supposed to have originated in [[Bidar]] during the reign of the Kalyani [[Nawab]]s, who migrated to Hyderabad in the mid-18th century after one of the Nawabs, Ghazanfur Jang, married into the [[Asaf Jahi Dynasty|Asaf Jahi]] family and united their realms.{{Fact|date=August 2024}} Kalyani ''biryani'' was served by the Kalyani Nawabs to all of their subjects who came from Bidar to Hyderabad and stayed or visited their ''[[devdi]]'' or noble mansion.{{citation needed|date=December 2025}}

=== Kizhi biryani ===

This variant of ''biryani'' is well known in the state of [[Kerala]], and gets its name from the method by which it is prepared. The recipe is considerably different from many others due to its preparation and assemblage. The meat can typically be chicken, fish or ''chemmeen'' (prawns), depending on the region. Unlike other methods, the meat is marinated in spices and lemon juice and cooked separately, as are the rice and gravy. Coconut milk is used as a signature ingredient to enrich the texture.{{citation needed|date=December 2025}}

The easily distinguishable aspect of this biryani is in its serving. A banana leaf is cut in half and tempered, and the meat, rice and gravy are all placed together in a particular fashion on its surface, involving some herbs and ''birista'' (fried onions). Additional accompaniments may include eggs and coconut [[chutney]]. After assembly, the biryani is wrapped within the leaf and steamed. Due to the manner in which it is cooked and served, this is most likely ideal to be consumed by only one person.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/a-derivative-of-the-evergreen-pothichoru-kizhi-biriyani-has-become-a-popular-belly-filler-in-the-city/article25057075.ece|title=The Leaf-Wrapped Biryani: A Hidden Gem of South India|work=The Hindu |date=27 September 2018 |last1=S |first1=Harikumar J. }}</ref>

=== Kolkata biryani ===

{{Main|Kolkata biryani}}

[[File:Kolkata mutton biryani.jpg|thumb|right|Kolkata ''biryani'']]
Calcutta or [[Kolkata]] ''biryani'' evolved from [[Lucknow]]-style biryani when Awadh's last Nawab, [[Wajid Ali Shah]], was exiled in 1856 to the Kolkata suburb of [[Metiabruz]]. Shah brought his personal chef with him. Like Dhakaiya biryani, Kolkata biryani is characterized by the presence of potatoes.<ref name="rediff_Priya2004"/>

=== Lucknow biryani ===

Lucknow was a capital of [[Oudh State|Awadh Subah]]. For Lucknow, or Awadhi, biryani, basmati rice is cooked in [[ghee]] with warm, aromatic spices and then layered with a type of meat curry or marinade, sealed, and cooked over low heat until done.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-07-29 |title=For the love of Lucknavi biryani |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/For-the-love-of-Lucknavi-biryani/article14515090.ece |access-date=2024-08-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Best biryani I've ever had': Japan ambassador Hiroshi Suzuki raves over Lucknow's biryani |date=5 November 2023 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/trending/best-biryani-i-ve-ever-had-japan-ambassador-hiroshi-suzuki-raves-over-lucknow-s-biryani-101699175674529.html}}</ref>

=== MLA Potlam biryani ===

This viral style of ''biryani'' traces its origins to "The Spicy Venue" restaurant in Hyderabad. The recipe is unique and easily distinguishable from every other biryani by appearance. It is composed of a mutton [[keema]] and prawn biryani wrapped inside an [[omurice]]-style seasoned omelette.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/have-you-tried-the-mla-potlam-biryani-in-visakhapatnam/article26026342.ece|title=MLA Potlam: A Hidden Gem of Hyderabad|work=The Hindu |date=18 January 2019 |last1=Mehta |first1=Archit }}</ref>

=== Sindhi biryani ===

{{main|Sindhi biryani}}

[[File:Sindhi Biryani.JPG|thumb|right|[[Sindhi biryani|Sindhi ''biryani'']] ]]

The exotic and aromatic [[Sindhi cuisine|Sindhi]] ''biryani'', originating in the former Mughal subah based in [[Thatta]], is distinguished by its frequent inclusion of potatoes and tomatoes in addition to its spicy taste, fragrant rice, and delicate meat.<ref>[http://www.saveur.com/article/Travels/Saveur-100-Sindhi-Biryani Sindhi Biryani | SAVEUR]</ref>

=== Sofiyani biryani ===

Also known as ''safeeda biryani'', this variant of biryani is another with Hyderabadi origins. It was said to have been created for a Nizam who was very fond of biryani but was unable to digest spices. Today, the recipe mainly involves [[khoya]] and almond paste as a base along with meat and many other ingredients, with no trace of red chillies or chilli powder, which leads to the so-called "white" look of this dish. Green chillies may be used as an alternative.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myfridayfoodswings.com/sofiyani-biryani/|title=Sofiyani Biryani: A Hidden Gem of Hyderabad|date=15 April 2019 }}</ref>

=== Thalassery biryani ===

{{Main|Thalassery cuisine#Thalassery biryani}}

[[File:Biriyani.jpg|thumbnail|[[Thalassery biryani|Thalassery ''biryani'']]]]
Thalassery ''biryani'' is a variation of ''biryani'' found in the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. It is one of the many dishes of the [[Malabar Muslims|Kerala Muslim community]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cZe-r38DYjcC |title=Biryani |last=Karan |first=Pratibha |year=2012 |publisher=Random House India |isbn=978-8-18400-254-6}}</ref>

The primary ingredients are chicken with spices and [[Wayanad Gandhakasala rice|khyma rice]] mixed with [[ghee]]. The spices include mace, [[cashew nuts]], sultana [[raisin]]s, fennel and [[cumin seeds]], tomatoes, onions, ginger, garlic, [[shallot]]s, cloves and cinnamon, with little chili.<ref>{{cite book |last=Abdulla |first=Ummi |title=Malabar Muslim Cookery |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=1993 |isbn=978-8125013495 |page=2}}</ref>

In Kerala, another variety called beef ''biryani'' is well known.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lal |first=Amrith |date=25 December 2015 |title=In fact: How beef became Malayalis' object of desire |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-how-beef-became-malayalis-object-of-desire/ |access-date=6 August 2018 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

=== Travancore biriyani ===

{{main|Travancore biriyani}}

Travancore biriyani is a dish from [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. Characterized by its use of long-grained basmati rice, the biryani is lightly spiced with whole spices such as cloves, cinnamon, and bay leaves, and enriched with ghee or coconut oil. Typically prepared with mutton, chicken, or beef, it is garnished with fried cashew nuts, raisins, fresh coriander, and mint leaves, and often includes a boiled egg at the center. It is served with accompaniments like raita, coconut chutney, lime pickle, and pappadam.<ref>{{cite news | last1=Nagarajan | first1=Saraswathy | title=Long grained biriyani popular in southern Kerala is intertwined with the story of Travancore |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | date=16 June 2023 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/long-grained-biriyani-popular-in-southern-kerala-is-intertwined-with-the-story-of-travancore/article66936956.ece }}</ref><ref>https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/watch-how-is-the-long-grained-travancore-biryani-prepared/article67079750.ece</ref>

== Outside the Indian subcontinent ==

=== Burma ===

[[File:Kyet Shar Soon biryani.jpg|thumb|A dish of Burmese ''biryani'' (locally known as ''danpauk'')]]

In Myanmar (Burma), ''biryani'' is known in [[Burmese language|Burmese]] as ''danpauk'' or ''danbauk'' ({{Linktext|ဒံပေါက်}}), derived from the Persian term ''[[dum pukht]]'', which refers to a slow oven cooking technique. ''Danbauk'' is a mainstay at festive events such as [[Thingyan]], weddings and donation feasts.<ref name="tmt20Mar2015">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/business/13642-biryani-trade-takes-on-a-new-flavour.html|title=Biryani trade takes on a new flavour|date=2015-03-20|website=The Myanmar Times|access-date=2020-04-25|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727012233/https://www.mmtimes.com/business/13642-biryani-trade-takes-on-a-new-flavour.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/news/mouth-watering-thingyan-food-and-delicacies.html|title=Mouth-watering Thingyan food and delicacies|date=2018-04-06|website=The Myanmar Times|access-date=2020-04-25|archive-date=12 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112054705/https://www.mmtimes.com/news/mouth-watering-thingyan-food-and-delicacies.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Given ''danbauk''{{'}}s South Asian origins, ''danbauk'' restaurants and chains have traditionally been owned by Muslims, but Buddhist entrepreneurs have entered the market.<ref name="tmt20Mar2015" />

Featured ingredients include: cashew nuts, yogurt, raisins and peas, chicken, cloves, cinnamon, saffron and bay leaf cooked in long-grain rice.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%92%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA-biryani/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727011229/https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%92%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA-biryani/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=27 July 2020 |title=ဒံပေါက် (Biryani)|date=2019-09-12 |website=Food Magazine Myanmar |language=my |access-date=2020-04-25}}</ref> In ''danbauk'', chicken specially seasoned with a ''danbauk'' [[Spice mix|masala]] spice mix,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%81%BE%E1%80%80%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B1%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727004647/https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%81%BE%E1%80%80%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B1%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9/|url-status=usurped |archive-date=27 July 2020 |title=ကြက်သားဒံပေါက် |website=Food Magazine Myanmar |access-date=2020-04-25}}</ref> is cooked with the rice.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/recipes/article/The-Burmese-Way-A-visit-to-the-land-of-pagodas-3238193.php#photo-2382531 |newspaper=[[The San Francisco Chronicle]] |title=The Burmese Way / A visit to the land of pagodas and enchanting cuisine |quote=Burmese chicken biryani differs from its Indian counterpart: the chicken is cooked with the rice. |first=Mai |last=Pham |date=11 October 2000}}</ref> ''Danbauk'' is typically eaten with a number of side dishes, including a fresh salad of sliced onions, julienned cabbage, sliced cucumbers, fermented limes and lemons, fried dried chilies, and soup.<ref name="mmtimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/news/top-10-biryani-restaurants-yangon.html|title=Top 10: Biryani Restaurants in Yangon|date=2020-01-03|website=The Myanmar Times|access-date=2020-04-25|archive-date=15 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115195448/https://www.mmtimes.com/news/top-10-biryani-restaurants-yangon.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In recent decades, ''danbauk'' restaurants have innovated variations, including "ambrosia" ''biryani'' ({{Linktext|နတ်သုဓာထမင်း}}), which features dried fruits and buttered rice.<ref name="mmtimes.com"/>

=== West Asia ===

In Iraq and in the states of the Persian Gulf, ''biryani'' (برياني: "biryani") is usually saffron-based with chicken usually being the meat or poultry of choice. It is popular throughout Iraq, especially in the [[Kurdistan Region]]. Most variations also include [[vermicelli]], fried onions, fried potato cubes, almonds, and raisins spread liberally over the rice.<ref name="rediff_Priya2004"/>

In Iran, during the [[Safavid dynasty]] (1501–1736), a dish called ''Beriyan Polo'' ([[Nastaliq script]]: {{Nastaliq|بریان پلو}}) was made with lamb or chicken, marinated overnight—with yogurt, herbs, spices, dried fruits like [[raisin]]s, [[prune]]s or [[pomegranate]] seeds—and later cooked in a [[Tandoor|''tannour'']] oven, then served with [[steamed rice]].{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

=== Afghan biryani ===

A different dish called ''biryan'' is popular in Afghanistan. ''Biryan'' traces its origins to the same source as ''biryani'', when most of Afghanistan was part of [[History of Afghanistan#Mughals, Uzbeks, and Safavids|Kabul and Qandahar Subahs]] and as today sold in Afghanistan as well as in [[Bhopal]], India. ''Biryan'' is prepared by cooking ''[[gosht]]'' and rice together, but without the additional gravy (''yakhni'') and other condiments that are used in ''biryani''. The Delhi-based historian Sohail Hashmi refers to the ''biryan'' as midway between [[Pilaf|''pulao'']] and ''biryani''. Afghan ''biryani'' tends to use much dry fruit such as raisins and lesser amounts of meat, often cut into tiny pieces.<ref name="ndtvravish">{{cite AV media |people=Ravish Kumar interviews historian Sohali Hashmi |date=9 September 2016 |title=प्राइम टाइम : क्या-क्या अलग करेंगे बिरयानी से? |trans-title=Prime Time: What will separate from Biryani? |medium=Television production |language=hi |url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/video/show/prime-time/prime-time-what-will-be-separate-from-biryani-430689?yt |access-date=19 October 2016 |location=Old Delhi |publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

=== Indonesia ===

[[File:Nasi Kebuli Jakarta.JPG|thumb|An authentic ''[[nasi kebuli]]'' served in [[Jakarta]] ]]

''[[Nasi kebuli]]'' is an Indonesian spicy steamed rice dish<ref>{{cite news |title=Nasi Kebuli Gaya Betawi |date=21 February 2009 |newspaper= Kompas |url=http://travel.kompas.com/read/2009/02/21/08230951/nasi.kebuli.gaya.betawi |language=id |access-date=30 January 2015}}</ref> cooked in goat meat broth, milk and ''[[ghee]]''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ihcDAAAQBAJ&q=kebuli+rice&pg=PA31|title=Kumpulan Masakan Favorit Sepanjang Masa|language=id| first = T.S. | last = Dharmaputra |isbn=978-602-213-036-9 |publisher=Puspa Swara | year = 2015 | location = Jakarta | access-date=5 June 2017}}</ref> ''Nasi kebuli'' is descended from [[Kabuli Palaw|''kabuli palaw'']] which is an Afghan rice dish, similar to ''biryani'' served in the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hcUWBAAAQBAJ&q=shredded+carrots+kabuli&pg=PA60 |title=Mountain to Mountain: A Journey of Adventure and Activism for the Women of Afghanistan |first=Shannon |last=Galpin |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]] |author-link=Shannon Galpin |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-250-04664-2}}</ref>

Although Indonesia has authentic ''nasi kebuli'', Indonesia also inherited and has local-style of ''biryani'' which is known as ''nasi biryani'' or ''nasi briyani''. ''Nasi biryani'' is popular among and often associated as [[Acehnese cuisine|Acehnese]], [[Indonesian Arab cuisine|Arab Indonesian]], [[Indonesian Indian cuisine|Indian Indonesian]] and [[Malay cuisine]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lintas.me/go/travel.kompas.com/sajian-kebuli-mandi-dan-biryani |title=Sajian Kebuli, Mandi, dan Biryani |website=Kompas.com |date=6 July 2014 |language=id |access-date=24 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903084827/http://www.lintas.me/go/travel.kompas.com/sajian-kebuli-mandi-dan-biryani |archive-date=3 September 2014}}</ref>

=== Malaysia and Singapore ===

[[File:Mutton briyani from Little India, Singapore - 20130719.jpg|thumb|Mutton ''biryani'' at [[Little India, Singapore]] ]]

The Malaysian and Singaporean variety of biryani is called ''nasi briyani'' or ''nasi biryani''. Although authentic styles of biryani from South India are popular, nasi briyani remains the most popular. The key differences between nasi briyani and Indian biryanis are that the meat in nasi briyani is cooked separately from the rice, and there is more curry, sauce, or gravy present in the nasi briyani than in Indian biryanis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nasi Biryani Recipe |url=https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1022901-nasi-biryani |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=NYT Cooking}}</ref>

There are eateries that sell pork as the main meat of the dish in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Indian food stall's novelty offering of pork briyani and rainbow pratas |url=https://www.todayonline.com/lifestyle/food/local-indian-food-stalls-novelty-offering-pork-briyani-and-rainbow-pratas |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=TODAY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-31 |title=Young S'pore hawker serves up roasted pork biryani from S$5.50 |url=https://mothership.sg/2019/08/pork-biryani-chop-chop-biryani/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=mothership.sg |language=en}}</ref>

=== Philippines ===

[[Kapampangan cuisine]] of the Philippines (often in [[Pampanga]]) features a special dish called ''[[nasing biringyi]]'' (chicken saffron rice), resembling the Malaysian ''nasi briyani'' in both name and form, that is typically prepared only during special occasions such as weddings, family get-togethers or [[Festival|fiestas]]. It is not a staple of the Filipino diet as it is difficult to prepare compared to other usual dishes. A version that has merged with the [[Paelya|Filipino version]] of the [[Paella|Spanish ''paella'']] is known as ''[[bringhe]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://aboucheamused.com/2012/01/16/come-taste-my-philippines-the-food-of-pampanga/ |title=Come Taste My Philippines – the food of Pampanga |date=16 January 2012 |website=A Bouche Amused |access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Násîng Biringyi, a Kapampángan Pre-colonial Dish {{!}} Siuálâ Ding Meángûbié |url=http://siuala.com/biringyi/ |access-date=7 February 2025}}</ref>

South Asian and Middle Eastern-styled biryani underwent a surge in popularity in [[Manila]] in the 2020s, with both high-end restaurants and working-class eateries serving the dish, popularized by both [[Indian Filipinos]] and other South Asians as well as returning [[Overseas Filipino Workers]] from the Middle East. Some restaurants adjust recipes to suit Filipino palates.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vergara |first1=Paolo |title=Is biryani the next cross-cultural Manila food trend? |url=https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/530781/biryani-manila-food-trend/ |website=Lifestyle.INQ |access-date=7 February 2025 |date=1 February 2025}}</ref>

=== Thailand ===

[[File:Khaomhokkhai.png|thumb|''Khao mhok ghai'' (Thai ''biryani'' with chicken)]]

''Biryani'' in Thailand is commonly known as ''khao mhok'' ({{langx|th|ข้าวหมก}}). It is commonly paired with chicken, beef or fish and topped with fried garlic. The dish is common in Thai cuisine and is often served with a green sour sauce.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ismael |first=Furqan |date=2022-02-11 |title=ข้าวหมกไก่มาจากไหน ทำไมถึงกลายมาเป็นอาหารอิสลามในประเทศไทย |url=https://www.halallifemag.com/thai-chicken-biryani/ |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=Halal Life Magazine |language=th}}</ref>

=== Zanzibar ===

[[Zanzibar]] has its own form of biryani characterized by the mixture of East African and Indian spices, as well as influences from Arab cuisine. The meat used is most commonly chicken.<ref>{{Cite web |last=kzafarullah |date=2023-02-01 |title=Zanzibari biryani |url=https://www.abowlofsugar.com/post/zanzibari-biryani |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=AbowlofSugar}}</ref>{{-}}

== References ==

{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Indian cuisine]]

Department of Law (Jharkhand)

2026-03-22T22:14:09Z

RondaWaddell840: started a page

{{short description|State government department in Jharkhand, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
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| website = {{URL|https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/law|Official Website}}
| footnotes =
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'''Department of Law''' is a department of the [[Government of Jharkhand]]. It is the principal legal policy-making and advisory authority of the state government.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vidhi.jharkhand.gov.in/about.html |title=About Us – Law Department |publisher=Government of Jharkhand |access-date=2025-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Law Department, Jharkhand {{!}} National Government Services Portal |url=https://services.india.gov.in/service/detail/law-department-jharkhand |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250113063353/https://services.india.gov.in/service/detail/law-department-jharkhand |archive-date=2025-01-13 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=services.india.gov.in |language=en}}</ref> The department provides legal advice to the government,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vidhi.jharkhand.gov.in/index.html |title=Law Department & Advocate General Portal |publisher=Government of Jharkhand |access-date=2025-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranjan |first=Mukesh |date=2023-01-30 |title=Jharkhand Governor returns domicile bill based on 1932 land records |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/Jan/30/jharkhand-governor-returns-domicile-bill-based-on-1932-land-records-2542682.html |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> assists in upholding the rule of law,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jharkhand.gov.in/law |title=Department of Law |publisher=Government of Jharkhand |access-date=2025-10-01}}</ref> and is involved in matters relating to access to justice and judicial infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jharkhand.gov.in/law |title=Department of Law |publisher=Government of Jharkhand |access-date=2025-10-01}}</ref> The department also plays a crucial role in reviewing legislative and policy proposals in the state.<ref>{{cite news |title=Proposal to Merge Labour Laws in Jharkhand Delayed After Law Department's Objections |url=https://www.businessjharkhand.com/2025/08/11/proposal-to-merge-labour-laws-in-jharkhand-delayed-after-law-departments-objections/ |work=Business Jharkhand |date=11 August 2025 |access-date=2025-10-01}}</ref>

==Ministerial team==
The department is headed by the Cabinet Minister of Law. Civil servants such as the Principal Secretary are appointed to support the minister in managing the department and implementing its functions. Since December 2024, the minister for Department of Law is [[Hemant Soren]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Law {{!}} Who's Who |url=https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/PDepartment/WebDirectory?department=62cc46459284fd62c0ad61eb117f1645 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717103510/https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/PDepartment/WebDirectory?department=62cc46459284fd62c0ad61eb117f1645 |archive-date=2024-07-17 |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=www.jharkhand.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Government of Jharkhand]]
* [[Jharkhand High Court]]
* [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Government departments of Jharkhand]]

Leaderless resistance

2026-03-21T04:11:28Z

RondaWaddell840: updated details

{{Short description|Social resistance strategy}}

{{Multiple issues|{{more citations needed|date=March 2023}}
{{Original research|date=March 2026}}}}
'''Leaderless resistance''', or '''phantom cell''' structure, is a [[Rebellion|social resistance]] [[strategy]] in which small, independent groups ([[Clandestine cell system|covert cells]]), or individuals (a solo cell is called a "[[Lone wolf (terrorism)|lone wolf]]"), challenge an established institution such as a law, economic system, social order, or government. Leaderless resistance can encompass anything from [[nonviolence|non-violent]] protest and [[civil disobedience]] to [[vandalism]], [[terrorism]], and other violent activity.

Leaderless cells lack vertical command links and so operate without hierarchical command,<ref name=":2"/> but they have a common goal that links them to the social movement from which their ideology was learned.<ref name="Joosse">{{cite journal|last=Joosse|first=Paul|date=2007|title=Leaderless Resistance and Ideological Inclusion: the Case of the Earth Liberation Front|journal=Terrorism and Political Violence|volume=19|number=3|pages= 351–368|doi=10.1080/09546550701424042|s2cid=17532687 }}</ref>

Leaderless resistance has been employed by [[Animal rights movement|animal rights]], [[Radical environmentalism|radical environmentalist]], [[Anti-abortion movements|anti-abortion]], [[Insurgency|insurgent]], [[Anarchism|anarchist]], [[Decolonization|anti-colonial]], and [[terrorism|terrorist]] movements. It is a strategy used by [[hate group]]s as well.<ref name="Joosse"/>

==General characteristics==
A covert cell may be a lone individual or a small group. The basic characteristic of the structure is that there is no explicit communication between cells that are acting toward shared goals. Members of one cell usually have little or no information about who else is agitating on behalf of their cause.<ref name=":2" /> Scholar Paul Joosse argues that leaderless resistance movements can avoid the ideological disputes and infighting that plague radical groups.<ref name="Joosse" />

Leaderless movements may have a symbolic figurehead.<ref name=":2" /> This can be a public figure, a [[multiple-use name]], or an inspirational author, who picks generic targets and objectives, but does not actually manage or execute plans. [[Mass media|Media]], in this case, often create a [[positive feedback loop]]: by publishing declarations of a movement's role model, this instills motivation, ideas, and assumed sympathy in the minds of potential agitators who in turn lend further authority to the figurehead.<ref name=":2" /> While this may loosely resemble a vertical command structure, it is notably unidirectional: a titular leader makes pronouncements, and activists may respond, but there is no formal contact between the two levels of organization.<ref name="Joosse"/>

As a result, leaderless resistance cells are resistant to [[informant]]s and [[traitor]]s. As there is neither a center that may be destroyed, nor links between the cells that may be infiltrated, it is more difficult for established authorities to arrest the development of a leaderless resistance movement than it is with movements that adopt more conventional hierarchies.<ref name=":2" />

Leaderless resistance often involves resistance by violent means, but it is not limited to them. Non-violent groups can use the same structure to author, print, and distribute [[samizdat]] literature, to create self-propagating [[boycotts]] against political opponents via the internet, to maintain an alternative [[Digital currency|electronic currency]] outside of the reach of taxing governments and transaction-logging banks, and so forth.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Joosse|first=Paul|date=2012|title=Elves, Environmentalism, and 'Eco-terror'|journal=Crime, Media, Culture|volume=8|number=1|pages=75–93|doi=10.1177/1741659011433366|s2cid=145748563 }}</ref>

==History==
The concept of leaderless resistance was developed by Col. [[Ulius Louis Amoss]], a former [[United States Intelligence Community|U.S. intelligence]] officer, in the early 1950s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Berlet |first=Chip |date=Fall 2008 |title=Leaderless Counterterrorism Strategy—The 'War on Terror,' Civil Liberties, and Flawed Scholarship |work=The Public Eye |url=https://politicalresearch.org/2008/09/10/leaderless-counterterrorism-strategy-the-war-on-terror-civil-liberties-and-flawed-scholarship |access-date=27 June 2022}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Mareš |first=Miroslav |date=2020 |title=Leaderless Resistance: Development, Countering and Research of Insurgent Concept |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=902504 |journal=Vojenské rozhledy |language=English |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=41–56 |doi=10.3849/2336-2995.29.2020.03.041-056 |s2cid=225320075 |issn=1210-3292|doi-access=free }}</ref> An [[anti-communist]], Amoss saw leaderless resistance as a way to prevent the penetration and destruction of CIA-supported resistance cells in Eastern European countries under Soviet control.<ref>Amoss as cited in {{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626193618/http://www.defendingdissent.org/fame/index.php?title=Leaderless_Resistance:_Amoss_Version_1953-1962|archive-date=2015-06-26|url=http://www.defendingdissent.org/fame/index.php?title=Leaderless_Resistance:_Amoss_Version_1953-1962|url-status=dead|title=Leaderless Resistance: Amoss Version 1953-1962 |website=Defending Dissent Foundation Study Guide}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

The concept was revived and popularized in an essay published by the anti-government [[Ku Klux Klan]] member [[Louis Beam]] in 1983, again in 1992, and was read as a keynote message at the 1992 gathering [[Rocky Mountain Rendezvous (1992)|Rocky Mountain Rendezvous]] of [[right-wing extremists|right-wing]] activists.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="adl">{{cite web |title=Peter J. "Pete" Peters |url=http://www.adl.org/Learn/ext_us/Peters.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=2&item=8 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628174230/http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/Peters.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=2&item=8 |archive-date=June 28, 2008 |access-date=June 27, 2023 |website=[[Anti-Defamation League]]}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Beam advocated leaderless resistance as a technique for [[white nationalism|white nationalists]] to continue the struggle against the [[Federal Government of the United States|U.S. government]], despite an overwhelming imbalance in power and resources.<ref name=":1" />

Beam argued that conventional [[hierarchy|hierarchical]] pyramidal organizations are extremely dangerous for their participants, when employed in a resistance movement against government, because of the ease of disclosing the [[chain of command]]. A less dangerous approach would be to convince like-minded individuals to form independent cells without close communication between each other but generally operating in the same direction.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Garfinkel |first=Simson |date=2003-03-03 |title=Leaderless resistance today |url=https://journals.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1040 |journal=First Monday |volume=8 |issue=3 |language=en |doi=10.5210/fm.v8i3.1040 |issn=1396-0466 |doi-access= free|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==In practice==

===Far-right===
The concept of leaderless resistance remains important to far-right thinking in the United States,{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} as a proposed response to perceived federal government over-reach at the expense of individual rights. [[Simson Garfinkel]], however, found in his research that for the most part the far right seldom used this tactic.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} [[Timothy McVeigh]] is one example in the United States. McVeigh worked in a small cell which based its attack on motivations widespread among far-right anti-government groups and the [[American militia movement|militia movement]].{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} [[Louis Beam]] discussed leaderless resistance in an influential essay of the same name.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/shooting/stories/loner072298.htm | newspaper=The Washington Post | title=A Most Dangerous Profile: The Loner | date=August 18, 1998 | access-date=April 4, 2010}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Kaplan |first=Jeffrey |author-link=Jeffrey Kaplan (academic) |date=1997-09-01 |title='Leaderless resistance' |journal=[[Terrorism and Political Violence]] |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=80–95 |doi=10.1080/09546559708427417 |issn=0954-6553}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web|author=Jennifer Gonnerman |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/1998-11-10/news/the-terrorist-campaign-against-abortion/3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607003600/http://www.villagevoice.com/1998-11-10/news/the-terrorist-campaign-against-abortion/3 |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 7, 2009 |title=The Terrorist Campaign Against Abortion |publisher=Village Voice |date=1998-11-10 |access-date=2012-11-07}}</ref>

Leaderless resistance has been advocated by white supremacist groups such as [[White Aryan Resistance]] (WAR) and the British neo-Nazi [[Combat 18]] (C18). The modern [[Ku Klux Klan]] is also credited with having developed a leaderless resistance model.<ref>{{cite web | author = University of Michigan | title = Right-Wing Domestic Terrorism | url = http://www-personal.umich.edu/~lormand/agenda/9909/06.pdf | access-date = May 7, 2006 }}</ref> [[Troy Southgate]] also advocated forms of leaderless resistance during his time as a leading activist in the [[National Revolutionary Faction]] and a pioneer of [[National-Anarchism]]. [[James Mason (neo-Nazi)|James Mason]] a former [[American Nazi Party]] member and neo-Nazi was a proponent of the idea of "leaderless resistance" as detailed in ''SIEGE'' a collection of writings from the defunct National Socialist Liberation Front (NSLF) which advocated violence against political opponents, Jews and non-whites of which he deemed to be the supposedly Jewish controlled entity he referred to as "The System" which has since been embraced by the [[Atomwaffen Division]] (AWD) in the modern day.

[[Stormfront (website)|Stormfront]], [[Aryan Nations]], and [[Hammerskin Nation]] (HSN) link to Beam's ''Leaderless Resistance''. These groups promote lone wolf actions. {{clarify |date=July 2018 |reason=There needs to be more context to show how this quote is used to wink-and-nod to promote lone wolf actions. As is, it just seems like a banal quote that could be said by anyone.|text=While nominally decrying violence, the sites praise the man who "practices what he preaches, and who backs up his words with his deeds." }}<ref name=recruitment>{{Cite journal |title=Recruitment by Extremist Groups on the Internet |journal=[[First Monday (journal)|First Monday]] |volume=6 |issue=2 |date=February 2001 |first=Beverly |last=Ray |author2=George E. Marsh II |doi=10.5210/fm.v6i2.834 |doi-access= free}}</ref> Stormfront, while regretting the loss of life, explains how Benjamin Nathaniel Smith's [[1999 Independence Day weekend shootings|1999 killing spree]] was compelled by circumstances.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} The [[World Church of the Creator]] (WCOTC) gave a mixed message, calling Smith "a selfless man who gave his life in the resistance to Jewish/mud tyranny," but noting "the Church does not condone his acts."<ref name=recruitment/> Anti-abortion [[Militant (word)|militants]] [[Army of God (USA)|The Army of God]] use leaderless resistance as their organizing principle.<ref name=":3" />

===Radical environmentalism===
{{Main article|Radical environmentalism}}

{{Further information|Ecotage|Eco-terrorism|Earth liberation}}
[[Image:Earthfirstmonkeywrench.png|thumb|right|180px|The symbol of [[Earth First!]]: a Monkey wrench and stone hammer.]]The radical environmentalist group [[Earth First!]] also adopted the leaderless resistance model,<ref>{{cite web | author = Southern Poverty Law Center | title = From Push to Shove | url = http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=42 | access-date = May 7, 2006 | archive-date= November 22, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091122190431/http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=42 | url-status = dead }}</ref> as did the [[Earth Liberation Front]].<ref name="Joosse" />

==See also==
* [[Anti-pedophile activism]]
* [[Asymmetric warfare]]
* [[Clandestine cell system]]
* [[Individualist anarchism]]
* [[Insurrectionary anarchism]]
* [[James C. Scott]]
* [[Social peer-to-peer processes]]
* ''[[The Starfish and the Spider]]''
* [[Shaheen Bagh Protests]]

==Reference==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1382/ Networks and Netwars] - PDF book by RAND Corporation.
* [http://www.louisbeam.com/leaderless.htm Leaderless Resistance] - the original essay
* [http://www.publiceye.org/liberty/terrorism/insurgency/leaderless-resistance.html The History, Definition, & Use of the Term "Leaderless Resistance"] 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Leaderless Resistance}}
[[Category:Activism by type]]
[[Category:Guerrilla warfare]]
[[Category:Secret societies]]
[[Category:Social movements]]
[[Category:Terrorism tactics]]

Nandini Satpathy

2026-03-11T10:47:51Z

RondaWaddell840:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1931–2006)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nandini Satpathy
| order = 8th
| office = Chief Minister of Odisha
| image = Nandini-Satapathy.jpg
| caption =
| predecessor = [[President's rule]]
| successor = [[President's rule]]
| footnotes =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| predecessor1 = [[Bishwanath Das]]
| successor1 = [[President's rule]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1931|06|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cuttack]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2006|08|04|1931|06|09|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| spouse = [[Devendra Satpathy]]
| children = [[Nachiketa Satpathy]] [[Tathagata Satpathy]]
| residence =
| website = http://www.snsmt.org
| term_start = 6 March 1973
| term_end = 16 December 1976
| term_start1 = 14 June 1972
| term_end1 = 3 March 1973 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/brief.htm |title=Brief History of Odisha Legislative Assembly Since 1937 |work=ws.ori.nic.in |year=2011 |quote=NAME OF THE CHIEF MINISTERS OF Odisha |access-date=2 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109172223/http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/brief.htm |archive-date=9 January 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
}}
'''Nandini Satpathy''' (9 June 1931 – 4 August 2006) was an Indian politician and author. She was the [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister of Odisha]] from June 1972 to December 1976.

==Early life==
Nandini Satpathy was born on 9 June 1931 as Nandini Panigrahi to [[Kalindi Charan Panigrahi]] and Ratnamani Panigrahi in a [[Brahmin]] Family of Coastal Puri but grew up in Pithapur, [[Cuttack]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cENQAQAAIAAJ&q=Kalindi+charan+Panigrahi+|title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: Dhenkanal|date=2002|publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad|isbn=978-81-902761-5-3|language=en}}</ref> Satpathy's uncle Bhagavati Charan Panigrahi founded the [[Odisha]] branch of the [[Communist Party of India]]. She was a close associate of Netaji [[Subhash Chandra Bose]].

==Political career==
In 1939, at the age of eight, she was mercilessly beaten up by British Police for pulling down the Union Jack and for pasting hand written anti-British Raj posters on the walls of Cuttack. The same was widely discussed at that time and it had worked as pouring fuel on fire for the struggle of Freedom of India from British Raj.

While at [[Ravenshaw College]] pursuing her [[Master of Arts]] in [[Odia language|Odia]], she got involved with the Communist Party's student wing, the Student Federation. In 1951, a student protest movement began in Odisha against rising college education costs, it later turned into a national youth movement. Nandini was a leader of this movement. The police force attacked the protestors and Nandini Satpathy was severely injured in the same. She was jailed, along with many others. In the jail she met [[Devendra Satpathy]], another Student Federation member and the man who she later married.

In 1962, the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] was dominant in Orissa; the Orissa State Legislative Assembly of 140 members had over 80 from the Congress party. At a national level, there was a movement to have more women representatives in the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]]. The Assembly elected Nandini Satpathy (then president of the Women's Forum) to the [[Rajya Sabha|upper house]] of India's Parliament, where she served two terms. After [[Indira Gandhi]] became [[Prime Minister of India]] in 1966, Satpathy became a Minister attached to the Prime Minister,{{clarify|date=May 2012|reason=What does "attached" mean in this context?}} with her specific [[portfolio (government)|portfolio]] being the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]].

Satpathy returned to Odisha in 1972, due to vacancies caused by [[Biju Patnaik]] and others departing from the Congress party, and became the [[Chief Minister of Odisha]].<ref name="chief minister" /> During [[The Emergency (India)|the Emergency]] of 25 June 1975 – 21 March 1977, she imprisoned a number of notable individuals, including Nabakrusna Choudhuri and Rama Devi; however, Odisha had the fewest prominent individuals jailed during the Emergency, and Satpathy otherwise attempted to resist [[Indira Gandhi]]'s policies during the [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=404278 |title=The 'Iron lady' of Odisha politics | news.outlookindia.com |work=news.outlookindia.com |year=2012 |quote=Satpathy's differences with the party high command widened as she criticised the Emergency |access-date=2 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222220220/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=404278 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Satpathy left office in December 1976.<ref name="chief minister">{{cite news|work=[[NDTV]]|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/assembly/number-13-is-lucky-for-mamata-banerjee-105515|title=Number 13 is lucky for Mamata Banerjee|date=14 May 2011|access-date=9 May 2012}}</ref> During the general election in 1977, she was part of a group of protesters led by [[Jagjivan Ram]], which became the [[Congress for Democracy]] (CFD) party. CFD merged with Janata Party in May 1977. Nandini Satpathy was elected to Orissa Vidhan Sabha from [[Dhenkanal (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhenkanal]] in June 1977.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/1977-election-results.html | title=Orissa Assembly Election Results in 1977 }}</ref> In 1980, she won that seat as Congress (Urs) candidate, and in 1985 as an independent. In 1990, her son [[Tathagata Satpathy]] won Dhenkanal assembly seat as Janata Dal candidate.

Nandini Satpathy returned to the Congress party in 1989, on the request of [[Rajiv Gandhi]]. The Congress party was unpopular in Odisha as a whole, due to its two term misrule (primarily under [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]] as [[Chief Minister]]). She was elected as a member of the State Legislative Assembly from Gondia, Dhenkanal<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dhenkanal.nic.in/public-representatives/ | title=Public Representatives | Dhenkanal District : Odisha | India }}</ref> and remained in the Assembly until 2000, when she decided to retire from politics; she did not contest the 2000 elections. She was not influential in and was critical of the Odisha branch of the Congress party.

===Court Case===
In 1977, Satpathy was accused of corruption and a police investigation started into possible violations of the [[Prevention of Corruption Act]] in force at that time. During the investigation, she was interrogated on a number of questions in written form. She refused to answer any questions; her attorney argued that Article 20 (3) of the [[Indian Constitution]] protected her against forced [[self-incrimination]]. The court agreed, strengthening the rights of the accused with a recognition of the right to a lawyer and the right against self-incrimination; it moreover held that women have the right to be questioned at their homes in the presence of male relatives, have the right to be brought to the police station only after a formal arrest, and have the right to be searched only by other women.<ref>Nandini Satpathy v. PL Dani, (1978) 2 SCC 424</ref> Over the next 18 years, Satpathy won all of the cases against her.

==Literary career==
Satpathy was a writer in the [[Odia language]]; her work has been translated and published into a number of other languages. She received the 1998 Sahitya Bharati Samman Award for her contributions to Odia literature.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99feb09/spotlite.htm |title=Spotlight |newspaper=Tribune India |quote=Eminent writer and former Chief Minister Nandini Satpathy has won the prestigious Sahitya Bharati Samman Award, 1998, for her outstanding contribution to Odia literature |access-date=10 May 2012|date=9 February 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.streeshakti.com/bookN.aspx?author=7 |title=StreeShakti – The Parallel Force |work=streeshakti.com |year=2012 |quote=she was awarded the Sahitya Bharati Samman for her contributions to Oriya literature |access-date=10 May 2012}}</ref> Her last major literary work was translating [[Taslima Nasreen]]'s ''[[Lajja (novel)|Lajja]]'' into Odia.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=1654 |title= The Position of Women in Oriya Literature |first= Nandini |last= Sahu |work= boloji.com |date= 14 October 2007 |quote= Her last major work was the translation of Taslima Nasreen's 'Lajja' into Oriya |access-date= 10 May 2012 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120511031444/http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=1654 |archive-date= 11 May 2012 |df= dmy-all }}</ref>

==Death==
She died on 4 August 2006 at her home in [[Bhubaneswar]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.odisha360.com/infopedia/odia-personalities/nandini-satpathy/ |title=Nandini Satpathy |work=odisha360.com |year=2012 |quote=Smt. Nandini Satpathy died of an illness on 4th August 2006 at her residence in Bhubaneswar. |access-date=10 May 2012}}</ref>

==Srimati Nandini Satpathy Memorial Trust (SNSMT)==
In 2006 a social cause organisation, the Srimati Nandini Satpathy Memorial Trust (SNSMT), was established in her memory. It is one of the leading social cause organisations of Odisha albeit India. Shri. [[Suparno Satpathy]] heads SNSMT as Chairman.

==Family==
Her younger out of the two sons [[Tathagata Satpathy]] is a 4 time Member of Parliament from [[Biju Janata Dal]] and the editor of daily newspapers — [[Dharitri (newspaper)|Dharitri]] and [[OrissaPOST]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12OR19.htm |title=Biographical Sketch of Member of 12th Lok Sabha |work=parliamentofindia.nic.in |year=2001 |quote=Election Result of Dhenkanal Lok Sabha Constituency |access-date=10 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://myneta.info/ls2009/candidate.php?candidate_id=2072 |title=Tathagata Satpathy(BJD):Constituency- Dhenkanal(ORISSA) – Affidavit Information of Candidate |work=myneta.info |year=2012|quote=Tathagata Satpathy – BJD – Dhenkanal (ORISSA) |access-date=10 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://incredibleorissa.com/en/oriya-news-paper-dharitri |title=Oriya News Paper Dharitri | Dharitri Newspaper | Dharitri ePaper | Chhutidina |work=incredibleorissa.com |year=2012 |quote=This oriya paper first started by late Nandini Satpathy and now running by her son Sri Tathagata Satapathy |access-date=10 May 2012 |archive-date=5 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505224356/http://incredibleorissa.com/en/oriya-news-paper-dharitri/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Her eldest grandson [[Suparno Satpathy]] is a noted socio-political leader, Chairman SNSMT and Cidevant Convenor PMSA-Odisha, Govt. of India.

==Legacy==
9 June, the birthday of late Smt. Nandini Satpathy, has been declared as National Daughters' Day – Nandini Diwas. ''Nandini'' and ''Diwas'' are two Sanskrit words which means ''daughter'' and ''day'', respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/fair-day-declared/cid/702539|title=Fair day declared|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-22}}</ref>

1st National Daughters day (Nandini Diwas) was celebrated in 2007 and Governor of Odisha was the chief guest in the event.

7th National Daughters day (Nandini Diwas) was celebrated in 2013 and Governor of Rajasthan was the Chief guest in the event.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2013/state-editions/national-daughters-day-on-june-8.html|title=National Daughters' Day on June 8|last=Pioneer|first=The|website=The Pioneer|language=en|access-date=2019-09-22}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.snsmt.org|title=Smt. Nandini Satpathy Memorial Trust (SNSMT)|access-date=9 May 2012}}

==External links==
* [http://www.snsmt.org Smt. Nandini Satpathy Memorial Trust (SNSMT)]
* [http://orissa.gov.in/portal/ViewDetails.asp?vchglinkid=GL012&vchplinkid=PL052 Notable personalities of Odisha as per the Govt. of Odisha official web site]

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before= [[Bishwanath Das]] (1st term)}}
{{s-ttl|title= [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister of Odisha]]|years=14 June 1972 to 3 March 1973 (1st term) 6 March 1973 to 16 December 1976 (2nd term)}}
{{s-aft|after= [[Binayak Acharya]] (2nd term)}}
{{s-end}}
{{Chief Ministers of Odisha}}
{{Rajya Sabha Members from Odisha}}
{{Ministers of Information and Broadcasting}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Satpathy, Nandini}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Odisha]]
[[Category:Women writers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Women members of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1974–1977]]
[[Category:Ravenshaw University alumni]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Odisha]]
[[Category:People from Cuttack district]]
[[Category:Women chief ministers of Indian states]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Odia-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Congress for Democracy politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress (U) politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Utkal Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]

Vimala Devi

2026-03-10T20:01:52Z

RondaWaddell840: new a bio

{{Short description|Portuguese writer and poet (born 1932)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2008}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Vimala Devi
| image = Vimala_Devi_Portrait.jpg
| caption = Almeida during her youth
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1932}}
| birth_name = Teresa da Piedade de Baptista Almeida
| birth_place = [[Penha de França, Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Writer|poet|translator}}
| nationality = Portuguese
| years_active = 1950s–present
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| debut_works =
| signature =
| website =
| spouse = [[Manuel de Seabra]]
}}

'''Teresa da Piedade de Baptista Almeida''' (born {{circa|1932}}), known by her [[pen name]] '''Vimala Devi''', is a Portuguese writer, poet, and translator.<ref>Machado, Everton. "A literatura goesa de língua portuguesa" in ''Cronópios'' 16 July 2006</ref><ref>Dias, Filinto Cristo. ''Esboço da história da literatura indo-portuguesa''. Bastorá (Goa), 1963</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dept.sophia.ac.jp/fs/pdf/kiyo34/06.pdf |title=Neves, Mauro.''A poesia de Vimala Devi''. Bulletin of the Faculty of Foreign Studies, Sophia University, Tokyo, No.34. 1999. |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=28 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228052923/https://dept.sophia.ac.jp/fs/pdf/kiyo34/06.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Born into an elite [[Caste system in Goa|Goan caste]] of [[Roman Catholic Brahmin]]s in [[Portuguese Goa]], she settled in [[Lisbon]], Portugal in 1957, later working as a translator, during which she adopted her pen name. In Portugal, she met her future husband, [[Manuel de Seabra]], a fellow journalist and writer.

==Life in Goa==
[[Vimala Temple|Vimala]] Devi was born in 1932 in the village of [[Britona]] in the parish of [[Penha de França, Goa|Penha de França]], across the Mandovi river from [[Panjim]], the principal town of Goa. At that time, large tracts of land in Britona were owned by Devi's family, which belonged to the elite Catholic Bamon or [[brahmin]] [[caste]] ''{{transliteration|mr|[[bhatkar]]}}'' landowners. The ''{{transliteration|mr|bhatkar}}'' class owned land and the labour of the ''{{transliteration|mr|[[mundkar]]}}'' class of lower-caste inhabitants in what was essentially a feudal relationship. Although this rural aristocracy was still predominant at this time, this was the period when the decline of the land-owning class first began to set in, a theme that appears in Devi's later fiction. After Goa's incorporation into India laws were passed giving the ''{{transliteration|mr|mundkar}}'' workers rights to the lands on which they had always lived and worked and abolishing their duty to provide unpaid labour to the ''{{transliteration|hi|bhatkar}}'' landowners.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}

As in many high caste families at the time, Portuguese was spoken at home alongside [[Konkani language|Konkani]], the vernacular language of Goa. The author pursued primary studies in Portuguese and also in English, which even under the Portuguese administration was widely used by the Christian population of the territory.

===Debuts===
Whilst in Goa, Vimala Devi contributed articles and poetry to two of the main Portuguese-language newspapers, the ''Diário da Noite'' and ''[[O Heraldo]]''. Whilst the former is now defunct, the latter continues to appear in an English language edition.

==Life in Lisbon==
{| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 90%; background:#c6dbf7; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
| style="text-align: left;" |
:Na madrugada de lágrimas e de esperança
:Teu pranto é o meu
:De ti vem um apelo
:Dolorido e ancestral
:No meu pensamento serás sempre
:O eterno sonho luso
:Comunhão de mosteiros e pagodes
:------------------------------------
:On this morning of tears and of hope
:Your lament is mine
:From you comes a call
:Pained and ancestral
:In my thoughts you will always be
:The eternal Portuguese dream
:Communion of monasteries and pagodas
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | Vimala Devi: "Goa"
|}

Vimala Devi moved to [[Lisbon]] in 1957 to rejoin part of her family already established in the city and began work as a translator. The first stage of her career as a writer is marked by a concern with bringing the world of the then-Portuguese [[Estado da India]] into representation. It was also at this time that the writer chose her pseudonym, a name that reflected a desire to project her pre-conversion Hindu identity and her desire to reflect the hopes and aspirations of both the Hindu and Catholic communities of Goa (as in the short stories of ''Monção'' where both communities share space in the same collection). Thus, for the first time in Portugal, there appeared a writer of Hindu appellation writing in Portuguese about the country's recently lost colony. In this period she published a collection of poems entitled ''Súria'' in 1962 and a book of short stories called ''Monção'', which was written and published in 1963.

It was in Lisbon that Vimala Devi met and married her husband [[Manuel de Seabra]], a journalist, poet and translator and a great influence on her writing.

===''Súria''===
''Súria'' focusses on Devi's memories of India, intertwining reflections on Goa's social, economic and historical character. For Mauro Neves, who echoes the verdict of Portuguese critic João Gaspar de Simões, it is a "symbolist" work "profoundly influenced by [[Camilo Pessanha]]".<ref name="Neves1999">[http://www.info.sophia.ac.jp/fs/staff/kiyo/kiyo34/neves.pdf Neves, Mauro. "A poesia de Vimala Devi," ''Bulletin of the Faculty of Foreign Studies'' #34. Tokyo: Sophia University, 1999 (in Portuguese)]</ref>

===''Monção''===
Everton Machado has described ''Monção'' as "the best portrait (alongside the novels of Orlando da Costa) of what resulted from the interpenetration of the Indian and Portuguese cultures in Goa".<ref>[http://www.cronopios.com.br/site/artigos.asp?id=2577 Machado, Everton. "A literatura goesa de língua portuguesa," ''Cronópios'' 16 July 2006 (in Portuguese)]</ref> To some extent Devi's collection could be likened to a Goan version of James Joyce's ''Dubliners'', insofar as the stories contained concern the constrictions placed on the lives of ordinary people located in inescapably provincial settings. A further link is the recurrence in the narrative of the epiphanic moment, so typical of ''Dubliners'', in which the characters (or at least the reader) see clearly the nature and structure of the limitations placed upon them. In a Luso-Asian context, however, one might as easily make a comparison with the collection of short stories "Cheong-sam," by the Macanese author Deolinda da Conceição.

Some of the stories that stand out in particular in this collection are: "Nâttak," an encounter between an actor in Goan Hindu dramas and an adolescent girl, who turns out to be his half-sister; "O Genro-Comensal," about a man who returns to Goa from Mozambique to father a child for a family whose unmarried daughters had produced no heirs; "Dhruva" and "Regresso," that tell the story of a man from a lower-class background who is out of place in his family home after returning from Portugal to get a university education, and the woman who faithfully waits for him to return; and "A Droga," about a forbidden romance between a Christian girl and a Hindu boy.{{efn|Most of these are translated in Paul Melo e Castro (trans.), Lengthening Shadows, 2 vols (Saligão: Goa, 1556, 2016).}}

==London==
For seven years, from about 1964 to 1971, Devi lived in London and worked as an art critic for the BBC's Portuguese-language service. It was during this period that ''Hologramas'' and ''Telepoemas'' were written. Here, far from Goa and the far-reaching transformation of Goan society into the Indian Union, Devi turns from the Goan themes and memories that animated her earlier work to a deep engagement with Western European culture and contemporary Anglophone poetry. For Mauro Neves, the period from ''Hologramas'' onwards "reflects the marked influence of [[Fernando Pessoa]]".<ref name="Neves1999" /> Certainly, major influences in her work that can be felt in her work, and to which she refers directly include, Fernando Pessoa and his heteronyms, but also [T.S.Eliot] (above all ''The Waste Land'' and ''4 Quartets''), [W.H. Auden], [[Matthew Mead (poet)|Matthew Mead]] (principally ''Identities''), [[Kingsley Amis]] (such as ''A case of samples''), [[Alan Bold]], [[Günter Grass]], [[Blaise Cendrars]], [[Paul Valéry]], [[Cesare Pavese]], [[Robert Creeley]] and other poets from the New Writing movement in the United States.

===''Hologramas''===
{| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 90%; background:#c6dbf7; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
| style="text-align: left;" |
:Tempo individual
:Que se perde
:No olhar de criança
:
:silêncio cinzento
:ou pergunta:
:se a alma é astro
:ou avatar
:
:à distância
:como a solução de Édipo
:morrendo nos lábios da Esfinge
:------------------------------------
:Individual time
:Lost
:In a child's gaze
:
:A silence of grey
:Or the question:
:Is the soul a star
:Or an avatar
:
:At a distance
:Like Oedipus's solution
:Dying on the Sphinx's lips
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | Vimala Devi: "Tempo Individual"
|}
It is in ''Hologramas'' that Devi leaves behind the nineteenth-century world of colonial Goa to engage with both twentieth-century modernity and twentieth-century Western modernism. The guiding principle of the collection is the eponymous hologram, and the idea that the human mind creates mental [[hologram]]s of the reality it perceives and decodes. In a sense, the poems contained are themselves holograms constructed from the interplay of several sets of three dimensions: past, present, and future; the microscopic, the human, and the cosmic; the mythological, the human, and the technological. In ''Hologramas'', as in ''Baudelaire'', for example, the most ancient and the most up-to-date in culture and technology clash and enter into dialogue.

===''Telepoemas''===
{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 90%; background:#c6dbf7; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
| style="text-align: left;" |
:Este agora
:ao longo de milhas
:ao longo de linhas
:o impulso
:magnético
:a falar-me
:o tempo
:
:a um tempo
:em Niagara de não cessar
:
:ao democrata
:ao mundo
:metropolitano de emoções
:a cidade
:descobrindo Charlot
:com humor
:ao tempo
:com humor humano
:penetrado
:com suor de chuva
:em poros de asfalto
:------------------------------------
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | Vimala Devi: "Este Agora"
|}
With its internationalist poems, drawing on the experiments of concretism and modern British verse, ''Telepoemas'' is a further instance of Devi's engagement with the intellectual laboratory of Europe that was partially smashed by the World Wars – "Surgia Europa/Mais Tarde surgia/Europa chorava" (Europe arose/Later Europe arose/Europe wept). One thing that distinguishes ''Telepoemas'' from the preceding collection is the increased focus on the bodily, on man and woman, as though the pendulum between the microscopic and the macroscopic had found itself at the level of the human for the instance of this collection. Like the telephone and the television that the title invoke, and which instruments helped bring about the world with which the verse engages, ''Telepoemas'' relates the sights and sounds, both inner and outer, of man and woman, nature and science as they are distanced and brought together in the routine of the city streets of its age. There is also a notable increase in focus on the painterly, with many references to European artists and a recurrent play with typesetting and the ordering of words on the page.

===''A Literatura Indo-Portuguesa''===
Financed by a grant from the ''Junta de Investigações do Ultramar'' and drawing on material from the Lisbon's ''Biblioteca Nacional'' and London's ''British Library'', as well as more than a hundred letters exchanged with writers and intellectuals in India, Devi co-authored with Manuel de Seabra of ''A Literatura Indo-Portuguesa''. The first volume was a ground-breaking historical account of the history and development of Portuguese-language [[Goan literature]], supplementing the bibliographical information contained in the work of Father Filinto Dias.<ref>Dias, Filinto Cristo. ''Esboço da história da literatura indo-portuguesa''. Bastorá (Goa), 1963.</ref> The second volume was an anthology of Portuguese-language Goan writing that contains many works that might well have disappeared had they not been found and preserved by Devi and Seabra, even within the broader problematic of preservation of colonial literary production during an era characterized both by Portuguese decolonization in Asia and Africa and by the decline of authoritarian rule in Portugal.<ref>Larkosh, Christopher. "Passages to Our Selves: Translating Out of Portuguese in Asia." In Bastos, Cristiana, ed. Parts of Asia. Portuguese Literary & Cultural Studies 17/18. Dartmouth, MA: Center for Portuguese Studies and Culture, 2010.</ref> In 1972, ''A Literatura Indo-Portuguesa'' was awarded the prestigious Prémio Abílio Lopes do Rego of the Academia das Ciências de Lisboa.

==Barcelona==
In 1971, Devi returned to Lisbon. A year later she left for Barcelona, where she and branched out into writing verse in Spanish, [[Catalan language|Catalan]] and [[Esperanto]], as well as doing translations of [[science fiction]] and other literature. With Seabra, Devi also composed an up-to-date Catalan-Portuguese and Portuguese-Catalan dictionary, which was published by the ''Enciclopèdia Catalana'' in two volumes.

===Collections of poetry published in Spain from 1991 to the present day===

====''Hora''====

The first collection of poetry Devi published in Spain was entitled ''Hora''. Featuring poems written in Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan, within the space of ''Hora'' (with its subtly trilingual title) the three largest Iberian languages achieve a poetic co-existence and equality that has not always been permitted historically and politically.

====''Rosa Secreta''====

===''A Cidade e os Dias''===
In 2008, Vimala Devi published ''A Cidade e os Dias'' (published in Catalan as ''La Ciutat i els dies''), a distillation of the writer's over forty years of experience in several major European cities since the first publication of her last collection ''Monção''. Using an even more stripped-down short-story format that concentrates on places and instants extracted from the flow of time and urban experience, the narratives contained in the collection explore the tensions and attitudes that have grown up in the West in the post-war period. In some ways, ''A Cidade e os Dias'' can be seen to explore similar terrain to Vimala Devi's poetry, especially in its interrogation of the rapport between art and life. Despite the tensions that run through the stories and which impact so strongly on the characters' existences – for instance those between personal relationships and economic demands—there is always a space for hope and happiness, a profound faith in the potential of humankind.

==Bibliography==

===Prose===
''Monção'' Lisbon: Dédalo, 1963 (2nd augmented edition: Lisbon: Escritor, 2003)

Translated as:
*''Musono: novelaro'' Skövde: Al-fab-et-o, 2000. (version in Esperanto)
*''Monsó''. [[Vilanova i la Geltrú|Vilanova i La Geltrú]]: El Cep i La Nansa, 2002. (version in Catalan)
*''Monsoon''. Seagull, 2019 (version in English)

''A Cidade e os Dias''. Lisbon: Leitor, 2008

Translated as:
*''La Ciutat i els Dies''. Vilanova i La Geltrú: El Cep i La Nansa, 2008. (version in Catalan)

===Poetry===
*''Súria: poemas'' Lisbon: Agência-Geral do Ultramar, 1962.
*''Hologramas'' Coimbra: Atlântida Editora, 1969
*''Telepoemas'' Coimbra: Atlântida Editora, 1970
*''Hora''. El ojo de Polifemo, Barcelono, 1991. (Poetry in Spanish).
*''Rosa secreta''. El ojo de Polifemo, Barcelono, 1992. (Poetry in Spanish).
*''El temps irresolt''. L'ull de Polifem, Barcelono, 1995. (Poetry in Catalan and Portuguese).
*''Pluralogo''. La Kancerkliniko, Thaumiers, 1996. (Poetry in Esperanto).
*''Speguliĝoj''. La Kancerkliniko, Thaumiers, 1996. (Poetry in Esperanto).
*''Éticas-Ètiques''. Vilanova i La Geltrú: El Cep i La Nansa, 2000. (in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and Catalan).

===Reference works===
*''A Literatura Indo-Portuguesa'' (with [[Manuel de Seabra]]), Lisbon: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar, 1971.
*''A Literatura Indo-Portuguesa 2. Antologia''(with [[Manuel de Seabra]]), Lisbon: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar, 1971.
*''Diccionari portuguès-català'' (with [[Manuel de Seabra]]), Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana, 1985.

==Translations==
* An English translation by Paul Melo e Castro of ''Os Filhos de Job'' appeared in issue 3 of ''The AALITRA Review'', available on-line [http://www.nla.gov.au/openpublish/index.php/ALLITRA/article/view/2081/2480 here]
* Several stories from ''Monção'' are translated in Paul Melo e Castro (trans.), ''Lengthening Shadows'', 2 vols (Saligão: Goa, 1556, 2016)
* A full translation entitled ''Monsoon'' appeared in 2020 from [[Seagull Books]].

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Festino, Cielo G. "Monção de Vimala Devi: Contos de Goa à Moda Européia" In Remate de Males. Campinas-SP, (36.2): pp. 435–459, jul./dez. 2016
*Festino, Cielo G. "Across Community Barriers. Female Characters in Vimala Devi´s Short Stories". In Acta Scientiarum. Language and Culture, v. 41, e45888, 2019
*Festino, Cielo G. "Women Without Men in Vimala Devi´s Monção. In Colonial and Post-colonial Goan Literature in Portuguese. Woven Palms". Paul Melo e Castro, editor. University of Wales Press, 2019.
*Melo e Castro, Paul. "Em torno do fim.Goa Tardo-Colonial no Ciclo de Contos Monção (1963) de Vimala Devi"VIA ATLÂNTICA, SÃO PAULO, N. 36, 15-41, DEZ/2019
*Melo e Castro, Paul. "Vimala Devi’s Monção: The Last Snapshots of Colonial Goa", ''Portuguese Studies'' 25:1. London: MHRA, 2009
*Ortega, Noel Guilherme. "O Problema Social em Vimala Devi", ''Estudos Leopoldenses'', Vol.18 No.62 1982, pp. 91–102
*Passos, Joana. "As Políticas do Cânone. Quem se Marginaliza e Porquê? O Caso de Vímala Devi" VIA ATLÂNTICA, SÃO PAULO, N. 36, 43–62, DEZ/2019
*Willis, Clive. "Vimala Devi and the Goan Diaspora", ''Luso-Asian Voices'' (''Lusophone Studies''), University of Bristol, 2000

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Vimala (Teresa De Almeida)}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Portuguese women writers]]
[[Category:Writers from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Portuguese-language writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Portuguese poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Portuguese writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Goa]]
[[Category:Writers of Esperanto literature]]
[[Category:Portuguese Esperantists]]
[[Category:Translators of Fernando Pessoa]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]

Supersport World Championship

2026-03-04T20:44:22Z

RondaWaddell840: enhance structure after review and corrected details

{{Short description|International motorcycle racing}}
{{Infobox motorsport championship
| name = FIM Supersport World Championship
| logo =
| image-size =
| caption =
| category = [[Motorcycle racing]]
| region = International
| inaugural = [[1997 Supersport World Series|1997]]
| folded =
| constructors = [[Ducati]], [[Honda]], [[Kawasaki Motors|Kawasaki]], [[MV Agusta]], [[Triumph Motorcycles Ltd|Triumph]],
[[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
| tyres = [[Pirelli]]
| champion rider = {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Manzi]]
| manufacturer = {{flagicon|JAP}} [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
| champion team = {{flagicon|NED}} [[Ten Kate Racing|Ten Kate Racing Yamaha]]
| website = {{url|https://www.worldsbk.com/en/news/ssp|worldsbk.com}}
| current_season = {{CURRENTYEAR}} Supersport World Championship
}}
[[Image:Motorcycle phillip island.jpg|thumb|260px|Gianluca Vizziello riding the RG Team [[Yamaha YZF-R6]] at [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|Phillip Island]]]]

The '''Supersport World Championship''', abbreviated to '''WorldSSP''', is a [[motorcycle racing]] competition on hard-surfaced circuits, based on mid-sized sports motorcycles. Competition machines were originally based on production-based motorcycles with 600 cc to 955 cc engines, depending on the number of cylinders. After trials in UK national series [[British Supersport Championship|British Supersport]], from 2022 the regulations have changed to allow eligibility of larger-displacement engines, to reflect the engine sizes being produced and encourage different manufacturers.<ref>[https://www.motorcyclenews.com/sport/british-superbikes/2018/october/bsb-series-bosses-commit-to-supersport-and-gp2-future/ BSB: Series bosses commit to Supersport and GP2 future] ''[[Motorcycle News]]'', 25 November 2018 Retrieved 30 January 2022</ref><ref>[https://www.visordown.com/news/racing/bsb/triumph-enter-factory-britishssp-%E2%80%98pilot%E2%80%99-765-entry-eyes-international-return Triumph to enter factory BritishSSP 'pilot' 765 entry, eyes international return] visordown.com, 24 November 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2022</ref>

The championship runs as a support class to the [[Superbike World Championship]], which is similarly based on large production-based sports motorcycles. The championship, organized and promoted as its parent series by FGSport—renamed Infront Motor Sports in 2008<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.infrontsports.com/news/2008/10/infront-rebrands-leading-promoter-in-motor-sport,-fgsport,-as-infront-motor-sports/|title=Infront rebrands leading promoter in motor sport, FGSport, as Infront Motor Sports|work=infrontsports.com|publisher=Infront Sports & Media|date=31 October 2008|access-date=20 March 2015}}</ref>—until 2012 and by [[Dorna Sports|Dorna]] from the 2013 season onwards,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/103016|title=Dorna to organise both World Superbikes and MotoGP from 2013|work=autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group]]|date=2 October 2012|author=Sam Tremayne|access-date=20 March 2015}}</ref> is sanctioned by the [[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme|FIM]].

==Overview==
Supersport was introduced as a support class to the [[Superbike World Championship]] in 1990 as a European Championship. The series allows four-cylinder engines up to {{convert|600|cc}}, three-cylinder engines up to {{convert|675|cc}}, and twin-cylinder power plants up to {{convert|750|cc}}. In 1997 the championship became a "World Series" and the European title was given to the [[Union Européenne de Motocyclisme|European Motorcycle Union]]'s European Road Racing Championship. The full title Supersport World Championship was introduced in 1999.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fim-live.com/en/article/110th-fim-anniversary-flash-back-1996-1999/|title=110th FIM anniversary – Flash Back 1996–1999|work=fim-live.com|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme]]|date=8 December 2014|access-date=20 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224173938/http://www.fim-live.com/en/article/110th-fim-anniversary-flash-back-1996-1999/|archive-date=24 December 2014}}</ref> Supersport racing has also been one of the most popular classes of national racing for many years.

Competition in the championship is typically fierce, and season domination by a single competitor is unusual. The 2001 championship was particularly notable in this respect, the champion being [[Andrew Pitt]] who did not win a single race, but amassed a championship-winning total of points by finishing near the front of the field in almost every race.

==Regulations==
===Technical regulations===
Supersport regulations are much tighter than in Superbikes. The chassis of a supersport machine must remain largely as standard, while engine tuning is possible but tightly regulated. For instance, the displacement capacity, bore and stroke must remain at the homologated size. Modifying the bore and stroke to reach class limits is not allowed.<ref name="reg">{{cite web |title=Road Racing FIM Superbike & Supersport World Championships & FIM Superstock Cup regulations 2012 |url=http://www.v2-fim-live.com/fileadmin/alfresco/6510004_Anglais.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206134427/http://www.v2-fim-live.com/fileadmin/alfresco/6510004_Anglais.pdf |archive-date=6 February 2015 |access-date=8 November 2012 |work=v2-fim-live.com |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme]]}}</ref> As in World Superbike, a control tyre is used. From 2020 onwards, the tyres no longer have to be road legal and therefore slicks are allowed.

The 2022 season unveiled the "Next Generation" motorcycles and regulations which allowed motorcycles from "gaps in the market" between the traditional supersport configuration of 600cc inline 4 cylinders and superbikes.

The Next Generation regulations bought in headline rules of hard minimum weight, combined bike and rider weight, and maximum RPM limit. Due to these changes allowing a much more varied field, there is a big focus on balancing factors to bring fair competition. This includes concession parts, torque limited map with RPM limit, minimum weight, air restrictor, and modifications, all of which could be changed during the season based on balancing calculations and concession points.

To be eligible, a motorcycle must satisfy [[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme|FIM]]'s [[homologation]] requirements and have a [[four-stroke]] engine in one of the following configurations:<ref name="reg" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-18 |title=FIM SUPERBIKE, SUPERSPORT & SUPERSPORT 300 WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS REGULATIONS 2023 |url=https://www.fim-moto.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Documents/2023/2023_SBK_SS_SS300_World_Championships_Regulations.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308031220/https://www.fim-moto.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Documents/2023/2023_SBK_SS_SS300_World_Championships_Regulations.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-08 |website=FIM Moto}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-23 |title=FIM SUPERBIKE, SUPERSPORT, SUPERSPORT 300 & WOMEN'S CIRCUIT RACING WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS REGULATIONS 2025 |url=https://www.fim-moto.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Documents/2025/2025_WorldSBK_WorldSSP_WorldSSP300_WorldWCR_World_Championship_Regulations_update_01_07.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714105209/https://www.fim-moto.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Documents/2025/2025_WorldSBK_WorldSSP_WorldSSP300_WorldWCR_World_Championship_Regulations_update_01_07.pdf |archive-date=2025-07-14 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=FIM Moto}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Cylinders
! colspan="2" |2012
! rowspan="5" |
! colspan="2" |2022
! rowspan="5" |
! colspan="2" |2025
|-
!From (cc)
!To (cc)
!From (cc)
!To (cc)
!From (cc)
!To (cc)
|-
|4
|400
|600
|400
|600
|400
|800
|-
|3
|600
|800
|500
|675
|500
|900
|-
|2
|800
|955
|600
|750
|660
|990
|}
*

As of 2025, the specifically homologated machines with weight limits are:
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Brand
! colspan="2" |Bike Weight
! rowspan="2" |Combined Minimum Bike and Rider Weight (kg)
|-
!Hard Minimum (kg)
!Soft Maximum (kg)
|-
|[[Ducati Panigale V2]]
|166
|175
|244
|-
|[[Honda CBR600RR]]
|161
|170
|239
|-
|[[Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R|Kawasaki ZX-6R]]
|161
|170
|239
|-
|'''Kawasaki ZX-6R-636'''
|161
|170
|239
|-
|[[MV Agusta F3 series#675 cc Models|MV Agusta F3]]
|161
|170
|239
|-
|[[MV Agusta F3 series#800 cc Models|MV Agusta F3 800]]
|161
|170
|239
|-
|MV Agusta F3 Superveloce
|161
|170
|239
|-
|[[Suzuki GSX-R600]]
|161
|170
|239
|-
|[[Suzuki GSX-R750]]
|161
|170
|239
|-
|Triumph 675R
|161
|170
|239
|-
|[[Triumph Street Triple#Fourth generation (2018–)|Triumph ST765RS]]
|161
|170
|239
|-
|[[Yamaha YZF-R6]]
|161
|170
|239
|-
|'''[[Yamaha YZF-R9]]'''
|166
|175
|244
|-
|[[Qianjiang Motorcycle|'''QJ Motor SRK 800''']]
|161
|170
|239
|}
(Bold indicates a 2025 addition from the 2023 list.)<ref>{{cite web |date=28 Jul 2023 |title=Listing of FIM Homologated Motorcycles for 2023 (Updated 28 July) |url=https://www.dmsb.de/de/motorradsport/strassensport/file/279387 |access-date=28 February 2024 |work=fim-moto.com |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme]]}}</ref>
*
Formerly homologated motorcycles include Bimota YB9, [[Ducati 748]], [[Ducati 749]], [[Honda CBR600F]], [[MV Agusta F3 675]], [[Triumph Daytona 600]], [[Triumph Daytona 675]], and [[Yamaha YZF600R]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fim.ch/pressreleases/CP_99.03.18.htm|title=Superbike/Supersport World Championships: rules, time schedule, wild-card riders in Kyalami, list of homologated motorcycles|work=fim.ch|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme]]|date=18 March 1999|access-date=20 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991011115739/http://www.fim.ch/pressreleases/CP_99.03.18.htm|archive-date=11 October 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.v2-fim-live.com/fileadmin/alfresco/Docs/f_4402.pdf|title=Listing of FIM homologated motorcycles for 2007|work=v2-fim-live.com|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme]]|date=5 April 2007|access-date=20 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120313/http://www.v2-fim-live.com/fileadmin/alfresco/Docs/f_4402.pdf|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>

===Sporting regulations===
A Supersport World Championship race takes place at almost every Superbike World Championship round. Starting positions are decided by the riders' fastest laps from two 45-minute qualifying sessions. Each race is approximately {{convert|100|km}} long. Typically, the race takes place between the two Superbike races.

The points system is the same for the riders' championship and the manufacturers' championship, but only the highest-finishing motorcycle by a particular manufacturer is awarded the points for the latter championship.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Points scoring system'''
! Position
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
|-
! Points
| 25
| 20
| 16
| 13
| 11
| 10
| 9
| 8
| 7
| 6
| 5
| 4
| 3
| 2
| 1
|}

==Riders==
Riders from all over the world compete in World Supersport, mostly from Europe.

Several riders who were successful in World Supersport have moved on to high-level competitions, notably, [[Cal Crutchlow]], [[Chaz Davies]], and [[Chris Vermeulen]], though others such as [[Fabien Foret]] and [[Kenan Sofuoğlu]] have spent several years in this championship. Notable female rider [[María Herrera]] entered a few races in World Supersport.

== WorldSSP Challenge ==
Starting in 2016, the World Supersport Challenge, a separate points-scoring competition was held at the European-rounds of the Supersport World Championship, run as a category within the main races. Previously, it was known as the European Supersport Cup.
Since 2020 named WorldSSP Challenge.
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
!Year
!Rider
!Points
!Bike
!Team
|-
|align=center|[[2016 Supersport World Championship|2016]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Axel Bassani]]
|align=center|55
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kawasaki ZX-6R]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}} San Carlo Team Italia
|-
|align=center|[[2017 Supersport World Championship|2017]]
|{{flagicon|EST}} [[Hannes Soomer]]
|align=center|28
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda CBR600RR]]
|{{flagicon|GBR}} WILSport Racedays
|-
|align=center|[[2018 Supersport World Championship|2018]]
|{{flagicon|NLD}} [[Rob Hartog]]
|align=center|27
| rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kawasaki ZX-6R]]
|{{flagicon|NLD}} Hartog - Against Cancer
|-
|align=center|[[2019 Supersport World Championship|2019]]
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Kyle Smith (motorcyclist)|Kyle Smith]]
|align=center|17
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Team Pedercini|Pedercini Racing]]
|-
|align=center|[[2020 Supersport World Championship|2020]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Kevin Manfredi]]
|align=center|39
| rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yamaha YZF-R6]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|ITA}} Altogo Racing
|-
|align=center|[[2021 Supersport World Championship|2021]]
|align=center|36
|-
|align=center|[[2022 Supersport World Championship|2022]]
|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Bahattin Sofuoğlu (motorcyclist, born 2003)|Bahattin Sofuoğlu]]
|align=center|72
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[MV Agusta F3|MV Agusta F3 800 RR]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[MV Agusta Reparto Corse]]
|-
|align=center|[[2023 Supersport World Championship|2023]]
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tom Booth-Amos]]
|align=center|56
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kawasaki ZX-6R]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}} Motozoo ME AIR Racing
|-
|align=center|[[2024 Supersport World Championship|2024]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Simone Corsi]]
|align=center|60
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ducati Panigale|Ducati Panigale V2]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}} Renzi Corse
|-
|align=center|[[2025 Supersport World Championship|2025]]
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Corentin Perolari]]
|align=center|83
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda CBR600RR]]
|{{flagicon|FRA}} HONDA RACING World Supersport
|}

==Champions==
{| class="wikitable"
! Season
! Rider champion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oldsbk.perugiatiming.com/titoli.asp?p_S_Campionato=SSP&p_PilotiCostruttori=P&p_Conduttore=0&p_Costruttore=-1|title=Supersport Champions - Riders|work=oldsbk.perugiatiming.com|publisher=[[Superbike World Championship]]|access-date=20 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630171207/http://oldsbk.perugiatiming.com/titoli.asp?p_S_Campionato=SSP&p_PilotiCostruttori=P&p_Conduttore=0&p_Costruttore=-1|archive-date=30 June 2015}}</ref>
! Team
! Motorcycle
! Manufacturer champion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oldsbk.perugiatiming.com/titoli.asp?p_S_Campionato=SSP&p_PilotiCostruttori=C&p_Conduttore=0&p_Costruttore=-1|title=Supersport Champions - Manufacturers|work=oldsbk.perugiatiming.com|publisher=[[Superbike World Championship]]|access-date=20 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207171201/http://oldsbk.perugiatiming.com/titoli.asp?p_S_Campionato=SSP&p_PilotiCostruttori=C&p_Conduttore=0&p_Costruttore=-1|archive-date=7 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
!colspan=5| World Series
|-
! {{WorldSS|1997}}
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Casoli]]
| Gio.Ca.Moto
| [[Ducati 748]]
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ducati]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|1998}}
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Fabrizio Pirovano]]
| Team Alstare Corona
| [[Suzuki GSX-R600]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Suzuki]]
|-
!colspan=5| World Championship
|-
! {{WorldSS|1999}}
| {{flagicon|FRA}} {{Interlanguage link|Stéphane Chambon|lt=Stéphane Chambon|fr|Stéphane Chambon}}
| Suzuki Alstare F.S.
| [[Suzuki GSX-R600]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
|-
! [[2000 Supersport World Championship|2000]]
| {{flagicon|DEU}} {{Interlanguage link|Jörg Teuchert|lt=Jörg Teuchert|de|Jörg Teuchert}}
| Alpha Technik Yamaha
| [[Yamaha YZF-R6]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
|-
! [[2001 Supersport World Championship|2001]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Andrew Pitt]]
| Fuchs Kawasaki
| [[Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R|Kawasaki ZX-6R]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
|-
! [[2002 Supersport World Championship|2002]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Fabien Foret]]
| [[Ten Kate Racing|Ten Kate Honda]]
| [[Honda CBR600F]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Suzuki]]
|-
! [[2003 Supersport World Championship|2003]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Chris Vermeulen]]
| [[Ten Kate Racing|Ten Kate Honda]]
| [[Honda CBR600RR]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2004}}
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Karl Muggeridge]]
| [[Ten Kate Racing|Ten Kate Honda]]
| [[Honda CBR600RR]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda]]
|-
! [[2005 Supersport World Championship|2005]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Sébastien Charpentier (motorcyclist)|Sébastien Charpentier]]
| [[Ten Kate Racing|Winston Ten Kate Honda]]
| [[Honda CBR600RR]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2006}}
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Sébastien Charpentier (motorcyclist)|Sébastien Charpentier]]
| [[Ten Kate Racing|Winston Ten Kate Honda]]
| [[Honda CBR600RR]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2007}}
| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Kenan Sofuoğlu]]
| [[Ten Kate Racing|Hannspree Ten Kate Honda]]
| [[Honda CBR600RR]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2008}}
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Andrew Pitt]]
| [[Ten Kate Racing|Hannspree Ten Kate Honda]]
| [[Honda CBR600RR]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2009}}
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cal Crutchlow]]
| Yamaha World Supersport
| [[Yamaha YZF-R6]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2010}}
| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Kenan Sofuoğlu]]
| [[Ten Kate Racing|Hannspree Ten Kate Honda]]
| [[Honda CBR600RR]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2011}}
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Chaz Davies]]
| Yamaha ParkinGO Team
| [[Yamaha YZF-R6]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2012}}
| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Kenan Sofuoğlu]]
| Kawasaki Lorenzini
| [[Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R|Kawasaki ZX-6R]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2013}}
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Sam Lowes]]
| Yakhnich Motorsport
| [[Yamaha YZF-R6]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries Motorcycle & Engine|Kawasaki]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://resources.worldsbk.com/files/results/2013/ESP2/SSP/001/MAK/ManufacturerStandings.pdf?version=05e783bac1d9427ce1bf8a364bd3845a&_ga=2.176788771.761457247.1739994662-1136706836.1739460056 | title=Supersport - Manufacturers Standings | website=resources.worldsbk.com}}</ref>
|-
! {{WorldSS|2014}}
| {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Michael van der Mark]]
| [[Ten Kate Racing|PATA Honda World Supersport]]
| [[Honda CBR600RR]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2015}}
| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Kenan Sofuoğlu]]
| Kawasaki Puccetti Racing
| [[Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R|Kawasaki ZX-6R]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries Motorcycle & Engine|Kawasaki]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2016}}
| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Kenan Sofuoğlu]]
| Kawasaki Puccetti Racing
| [[Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R|Kawasaki ZX-6R]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries Motorcycle & Engine|Kawasaki]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2017}}
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lucas Mahias]]
| GRT Yamaha Official WorldSSP Team
| [[Yamaha YZF-R6]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2018}}
| {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Sandro Cortese]]
| Kallio Racing
| [[Yamaha YZF-R6]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2019}}
| {{flagicon|CHE}} [[Randy Krummenacher]]
| BARDAHL Evan Bros. WorldSSP Team
| [[Yamaha YZF-R6]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2020}}
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea Locatelli (motorcyclist)|Andrea Locatelli]]
| BARDAHL Evan Bros. WorldSSP Team
| [[Yamaha YZF-R6]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
|-
! {{WorldSS|2021}}
| {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Dominique Aegerter]]
| [[Ten Kate Racing|Ten Kate Racing Yamaha]]
| [[Yamaha YZF-R6]]
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
|-
!{{WorldSS|2022}}
|{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Dominique Aegerter]]
|[[Ten Kate Racing|Ten Kate Racing Yamaha]]
|[[Yamaha YZF-R6]]
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
|-
![[2023 Supersport World Championship|2023]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Nicolò Bulega]]
|[[Ducati Corse|Aruba Racing]]
|[[Ducati Panigale V2]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ducati]]
|-
![[2024 Supersport World Championship|2024]]
|{{flagicon|SPA}} [[Adrián Huertas]]
|[[Ducati Corse|Aruba Racing]]
|[[Ducati Panigale V2]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ducati]]
|-
![[2025 Supersport World Championship|2025]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Manzi]]
|[[Ten Kate Racing|Ten Kate Racing Yamaha]]
|[[Yamaha YZF-R9]]
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|+By rider
! Rider
! Championships
! Year
|-
| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Kenan Sofuoğlu]]
| align="center"| 5
| {{WorldSS|2007}}, {{WorldSS|2010}}, {{WorldSS|2012}}, {{WorldSS|2015}}, {{WorldSS|2016}}
|-
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Sébastien Charpentier (motorcyclist)|Sébastien Charpentier]]
| rowspan="3" align="center" | 2
| {{WorldSS|2005}}, {{WorldSS|2006}}
|-
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Andrew Pitt]]
| {{WorldSS|2001}}, {{WorldSS|2008}}
|-
|{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Dominique Aegerter]]
|{{WorldSS|2021}}, [[2022 Supersport World Championship|2022]]
|-
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Casoli]]
| rowspan="18" align="center" | 1
| {{WorldSS|1997}}
|-
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Fabrizio Pirovano]]
| {{WorldSS|1998}}
|-
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Stéphane Chambon]]
| {{WorldSS|1999}}
|-
| {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Jörg Teuchert]]
| {{WorldSS|2000}}
|-
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Fabien Foret]]
| {{WorldSS|2002}}
|-
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Chris Vermeulen]]
| {{WorldSS|2003}}
|-
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Karl Muggeridge]]
| {{WorldSS|2004}}
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cal Crutchlow]]
| {{WorldSS|2009}}
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Chaz Davies]]
| {{WorldSS|2011}}
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Sam Lowes]]
| {{WorldSS|2013}}
|-
| {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Michael van der Mark]]
| {{WorldSS|2014}}
|-
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lucas Mahias]]
| {{WorldSS|2017}}
|-
| {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Sandro Cortese]]
| {{WorldSS|2018}}
|-
| {{flagicon|CHE}} [[Randy Krummenacher]]
| {{WorldSS|2019}}
|-
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea Locatelli (motorcyclist)|Andrea Locatelli]]
| {{WorldSS|2020}}
|-
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Nicolò Bulega]]
|[[2023 Supersport World Championship|2023]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SPA}} [[Adrián Huertas]]
|[[2024 Supersport World Championship|2024]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Manzi]]
|[[2025 Supersport World Championship|2025]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|+By manufacturer
! Manufacturer
! Championships
! Year
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]
| align="center" | 11
| {{WorldSS|1999}}, {{WorldSS|2000}}, {{WorldSS|2001}}, {{WorldSS|2011}}, {{WorldSS|2017}}, {{WorldSS|2018}}, {{WorldSS|2019}}, {{WorldSS|2020}}, {{WorldSS|2021}}, [[2022 Supersport World Championship|2022]], [[2025 Supersport World Championship|2025]]
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda]]
| align="center" | 10
| {{WorldSS|2003}}, {{WorldSS|2004}}, {{WorldSS|2005}}, {{WorldSS|2006}}, {{WorldSS|2007}}, {{WorldSS|2008}}, {{WorldSS|2009}}, {{WorldSS|2010}}, {{WorldSS|2012}}, {{WorldSS|2014}}
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kawasaki motorcycles|Kawasaki]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" | 3
| {{WorldSS|2013}}, {{WorldSS|2015}}, {{WorldSS|2016}}
|-
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ducati]]
| {{WorldSS|1997}}, [[2023 Supersport World Championship|2023]], [[2024 Supersport World Championship|2024]]
|-
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Suzuki]]
| align="center" | 2
| {{WorldSS|1998}}, {{WorldSS|2002}}
|}

==See also==
*[[Superbike racing]]
*[[Grand Prix motorcycle racing]]
*[[Isle of Man TT]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://www.worldsbk.com/en/news/ssp}}

{{Supersport World Championship}}
{{Main world championships}}

[[Category:Supersport World Championship| ]]
[[Category:Supersport racing]]
[[Category:Motorcycle road racing series]]
[[Category:World motorcycle racing series]]

Awara Abdulla

2026-03-04T03:58:14Z

RondaWaddell840: expanded content

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Awara Abdullah
| image =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Tara Harish
| writer = K.B. Pathak
| producer = Bany Talwar, M R Kirpal<ref>{{cite web |title=Awara Abdullah |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/awara_abdullah}}</ref>
| starring =
| cinematography = Haren Bhatt
| editing = P.S. Wagle
| music = N. Dutta
| studio = Hanna Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1963|12|30}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''Awara Abdullah''''' is a 1963 [[Bollywood]] [[adventure film]] starring [[Dara Singh]] and [[Helen (actress)|Helen]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://tv.apple.com/in/movie/awara-abdulla/umc.cmc.3j59dzd9kj58f1nzyq5axdg3g |title=Awara Abdulla - Apple TV |language=en-GB |access-date=2025-11-26 |via=tv.apple.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Awara Abdulla Movie (1962) {{!}} Release Date, Cast, Trailer, Songs, Streaming Online at Eros Now |url=https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/movies/awara-abdulla-737728.html |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=www.digit.in |language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Dara Singh]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-16 |title=Good old Dara |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/letters-to-editor/good-old-dara/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Chandrashekhar]]
* [[Helen (actress)|Helen]]
* [[Randhawa (wrestler)|Randhawa]]
* Master Bhagwan

==Music==
{| class="wikitable"
! Song-title !! Singer(s)
|-
| "Hum Hai Awara To Kya Hai"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]], Geeta Dutt
|-
| "Ho Awara Abdullah Yeh Pyar Ka Halla Gulla"
| Mohammed Rafi, [[Geeta Dutt]]
|-
| "Dil Hai Zaalim Nigaho Ka Mara"
| [[Usha Mangeshkar]], '''[[Asha Bhosle]]'''
|-
| "Kabhi Meharbani Kabhi Badgumani"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Kahan Se Layega, Ye Husn Ye Shbab Koi"
| Asha Bhosle
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{IMDb title|1323568}}

[[Category:1963 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1963 Indian films]]
[[Category:1963 films]]
[[Category:Indian adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Datta Naik]]

{{1960s-Hindi-film-stub}}

SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu

2026-03-03T01:41:07Z

RondaWaddell840: Added A Entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}

{{Infobox award
| name = SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut –Telugu
| awardname = SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu
| country = [[India]]
| presenter = Vibri Media Group
| year = 21 June 2012 (for films released in 2011)
| awarded_for = Best Debut Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in Telugu cinema
| total_recipients =
| image =
| image caption =
| holder = Sandeep Saroj, ''[[Committee Kurrollu]]'' ([[13th South Indian International Movie Awards|2024]])
| holder_label = Most recent winner
}}

[[File:Akkineni_Akhil.jpg | thumb | right | [[Akhil Akkineni]], winner in 2015]]
'''SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu''' is presented by Vibri media group as part of its annual [[South Indian International Movie Awards]], for the best acting done by an actor in a leading role in his debut [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film. The award was first given in 2012 for films released in 2011.

== Superlatives ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
![[wiktionary:superlative|Categories]]
!Recipient
!Record
|-
|Youngest winner
|[[Roshan Meka]]
|Age 19 ([[6th South Indian International Movie Awards|6th SIIMA]])
|- style="height:2.5em;"
|Oldest winner
|[[Sudheer Babu]]
|Age 33 ([[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards|2nd SIIMA]])
|}

== Winners ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:50%;"
!Year
!Actor
!Film
!Ref
|-
|[[1st South Indian International Movie Awards|2011]]
|[[Aadi Saikumar]]
|''[[Prema Kavali]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asin, Dhanush, Santhanam win big at SIIMA Awards|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/asin-dhanush-santhanam-win-big-at-siima-awards-imagegallery-tollywood-mgzvmfeabgasi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022220848/https://www.sify.com/movies/asin-dhanush-santhanam-win-big-at-siima-awards-imagegallery-tollywood-mgzvmfeabgasi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-21|website=Sify|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards|2012]]
|[[Sudheer Babu]]
|''[[Siva Manasulo Sruthi]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-14 |title=Dhanush, Shruti Haasan win top laurels at SIIMA awards |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/357056/dhanush-shruti-haasan-win-top.html |access-date=2020-10-21 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards|2013]]
|[[Raj Tarun]]
|''[[Uyyala Jampala]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 SIIMA award winners list - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/2014-SIIMA-award-winners-list/articleshow/42547641.cms |access-date=2020-10-21 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[4th South Indian International Movie Awards|2014]]
|[[Sai Dharam Tej]]
|''[[Pilla Nuvvu Leni Jeevitam]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-08 |title=Balakrishna and Shruti Haasan win big at SIIMA 2015! |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/balakrishna-and-shruti-haasan-win-big-at-siima-2015-574571/ |access-date=2020-10-21 |website=Bollywood Life |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[5th South Indian International Movie Awards|2015]]
|[[Akhil Akkineni]]
|[[Akhil (film)|''Akhil'']]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=SIIMA 2016 Telugu winners list |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/siima-2016-telugu-winners-list |access-date=2020-10-21 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[6th South Indian International Movie Awards|2016]]
|[[Roshan Meka]]
|''[[Nirmala Convent]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manglik |first=Reshu |date=2017-07-02 |title=SIIMA 2017 Day 2: Ranbir Kapoor and Rana Daggubati won hearts with their ‘Lungi Dance’ while Katrina looks ravishing in Yellow ball gown |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-siima-2017-day-2-ranbir-kapoor-katrina-kaif-rana-daggubati-r-madhavan-lungi-dance-389104 |access-date=2020-10-21 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[7th South Indian International Movie Awards|2017]]
|Ishaan
|[[Rogue (2017 film)|''Rogue'']]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravi |first=Murali |date=2018-09-14 |title=SIIMA 2018 Awards : Telugu Winners List |url=https://www.tollywood.net/siima-2018-awards-telugu-winners-list/ |access-date=2020-10-21 |website=Tollywood |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[8th South Indian International Movie Awards|2018]]
|[[Kalyaan Dhev]]
|[[Vijetha (2018 film)|''Vijetha'']]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Debutante actor Telugu for SIIMA 2019 {{!}} Latest News & Updates at DNAIndia.com |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-siima-2019-nominations-list-out-who-among-kiara-advani-srinidhi-shetty-and-nidhhi-agerwal-will-claim-best-debut-award-2777395/best-debutante-actor-telugu-for-siima-2019-2777399 |access-date=2020-10-21 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[9th South Indian International Movie Awards|2019]]
|[[Sri Simha Koduri]]
|''[[Mathu Vadalara]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=News9live |date=2021-09-19 |title=SIIMA awards 2021 winners list: Jersey, Lucifer, Asuran, Yajamana win big |url=https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/siima-2021-complete-winner-list-telugu-maharshi-jersey-kannada-darshan-yajamana-malayalam-mohanlal-lucifer-best-actor-120953.html |access-date=2021-09-19 |website=NEWS9 LIVE |language=English |archive-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212704/https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/siima-2021-complete-winner-list-telugu-maharshi-jersey-kannada-darshan-yajamana-malayalam-mohanlal-lucifer-best-actor-120953.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[9th South Indian International Movie Awards|2020]]
|[[Shiva Kandukuri]]
|''[[Choosi Choodangaane]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-21 |title=Manju Warrier, Suriya, others win at SIIMA Awards: Full list of winners |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manju-warrier-suriya-others-win-siima-awards-full-list-winners-155560 |website=The News Minute}}</ref>
|-
|[[10th South Indian International Movie Awards|2021]]
|[[Panja Vaisshnav Tej]]
|''[[Uppena]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-11 |title=SIIMA 2022: Pushpa wins big, Allu Arjun is best actor |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/buzz/siima-2022-pushpa-wins-big-allu-arjun-is-best-actor/articleshow/94130430.cms |access-date=2022-09-11 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |quote=Awards for Tamil and Malayalam films will be distributed on Sunday evening.}}</ref>
|-
|[[11th South Indian International Movie Awards|2022]]
|Ashok Galla
|[[Hero (2022 Indian film)|''Hero'']]
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=SIIMA Awards 2023: RRR, 777 Charlie win big; Jr NTR, Yash named Best Actors; Sreeleela and Srinidhi Shetty are Best Actresses |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/siima-awards-2023-telugu-kannada-winners-list-jr-ntr-yash-rrr-kantara-8942103/lite/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |work=Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|[[12th South Indian International Movie Awards|2023]]
|[[Sangeeth Sobhan]]
|[[Mad (film)|''Mad'']]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=SIIMA winners list 2024 (Telugu, Kannada): Nani, Rakshit Shetty win Best Actor; Keerthy, Chaithra wins Best Actress |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/siima-2023-winners-jr-ntr-wins-best-actor-award-for-rrr-rishab-shettys-kantara-wins-101694837099476.html |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=News18 India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[13th South Indian International Movie Awards|2024]]
|Sandeep Saroj
|[[Committee Kurrollu|''Committee Kurrollu'']]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-06 |title=SIIMA 2025 Telugu, Kannada winners list: Allu Arjun, Rashmika Mandanna win big for Pushpa 2; Kamal Haasan, Amitabh Bachchan honoured for Kalki 2898 AD |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/siima-2025-telugu-kannada-winners-list-allu-arjun-rashmika-mandanna-pushpa-2-kalki-2898-ad-kamal-haasan-amitabh-bachchan-10233441/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Nominations ==

* '''2011: [[Aadi Saikumar]]''' '''–''' '''''[[Prema Kavali]]'''''
** Mano Tej – ''Babloo''
** [[Arvind Krishna (actor)|Arvind Krishna]] – ''[[It's My Love Story]]''
** [[Abijeet Duddala]] – [[Life Is Beautiful (2012 film)|''Life Is Beautiful'']]
** Ajay – ''[[Nuvvila]]''
* '''2012: [[Sudheer Babu]] – ''[[Siva Manasulo Sruthi]]'''''
** [[Rahul Ravindran]] – ''[[Andala Rakshasi]]''
** [[Naveen Chandra]] – ''[[Andala Rakshasi]]''
** [[Sumanth Ashwin]] – ''[[Tuneega Tuneega]]''
** [[Prince Cecil]] – ''[[Neeku Naaku Dash Dash]]''
* '''2013: [[Raj Tarun]] – ''[[Uyyala Jampala]]'''''
** [[Allu Sirish]] – ''[[Gouravam (2013 film)|Gouravam]]''
** [[Mahat Raghavendra]] – ''[[Backbench Student]]''
** [[Sree Vishnu]] – ''[[Prema Ishq Kaadhal]]''
** [[Adivi Sesh]]– ''[[Kiss (2013 film)|Kiss]]''
* '''2014: [[Sai Dharam Tej]] – ''[[Pilla Nuvvu Leni Jeevitam]]'''''
** [[Bellamkonda Sreenivas|Bellamkonda Sai Srinivas]] – ''[[Alludu Sreenu]]''
** [[Sampoornesh Babu]] – ''[[Hrudaya Kaleyam]]''
** [[Varun Tej]] – ''[[Mukunda]]''
** Tejus Kancherla – ''[[Un Samayal Arayil|Ulavacharu Biriyani]]''
* '''2015: [[Akhil Akkineni]]''' '''–''' '''[[Akhil (film)|''Akhil'']]'''
** [[Akash Puri]] – ''[[Andhra Pori]]''
** Parvatheesam – ''[[Kerintha]]''
** Sathya Karthik – ''Tippu''
** [[Vijay Deverakonda]] – ''[[Yevade Subramanyam]]''
* '''2016: [[Roshan Meka]] – ''[[Nirmala Convent]]'''''
** [[Nikhil Kumar (actor)|Nikhil Kumar]] – ''[[Jaguar (2016 film)|Jaguar]]''
** [[Sandeep Madhav|Sandeep Kumar]] – ''[[Vangaveeti (film)|Vangaveeti]]''
** [[Sagar (actor)|Sagar]] – ''Siddhartha''
* '''2017: Ishaan''' '''–''' '''''[[Rogue (2017 film)|Rogue]]'''''
** Aashish Raj – ''[[Aakatayi]]''
** Ganta Ravi – ''Jayadev''
** [[Rakshit Atluri]] – ''[[London Babulu]]''
** [[Vishwak Sen]] – ''[[Vellipomakey]]''
* '''2018: [[Kalyaan Dhev]] – ''[[Vijetha (2018 film)|Vijetha]]'''''
** Aashish Gandhi – ''[[Natakam]]''
** [[Rahul Vijay]] – ''[[Ee Maaya Peremito]]''
** Srinivasa Sayee – ''Subhalekha + Lu''
** [[Sumanth Shailendra|Sumanth Sailendra]] – ''[[Brand Babu]]''
*'''2019: [[Sri Simha]]''' '''– ''[[Mathu Vadalara]]'''''
**[[Anand Deverakonda]] – ''[[Dorasaani]]''
**[[Kiran Abbavaram]] – ''[[Raja Vaaru Rani Gaaru]]''
**Meghamsh Srihari – ''[[Rajdooth]]''
**Vijay Raja – ''[[Edaina Jaragocchu]]''
*'''2020: [[Shiva Kandukuri]]''' '''– ''[[Choosi Choodangaane]]'''''
**Sanjay Rao – ''[[O Pitta Katha]]''
**[[Ankith Koyya]] – ''[[Johaar]]''
**[[Shravan Reddy]] – ''[[Dirty Hari]]''
**Dandamudi Pruthvi – ''[[IIT Krishnamurthy]]''
*'''2021: [[Panja Vaisshnav Tej]] – ''[[Uppena]]'''''
** [[Pradeep Machiraju]] – ''[[30 Rojullo Preminchadam Ela]]''
** [[Teja Sajja]] – ''[[Zombie Reddy]]''
** [[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]] – [[Vivaha Bhojanambu (2021 film)|''Vivaha Bhojanambu'']]
** Vikas Vasistha – ''[[Cinema Bandi]]''
*'''2022: Ashok Galla –''' [[Hero (2022 Indian film)|'''''Hero''''']]
** Ashish Reddy – ''[[Rowdy Boys]]''
** Bellamkonda Ganesh – [[Swathi Muthyam (2022 film)|''Swathi Muthyam'']]
** Harsh Kanumilli – ''[[Sehari]]''
** Srikanth Reddy – ''First Day First Show''
*'''2023:''' '''[[Sangeeth Sobhan]] – [[Mad (film)|''Mad'']]'''
** Abhiram Daggubati – [[Ahimsa (2023 film)|''Ahimsa'']]
** Narne Nithin – ''Mad''
** Ram Nithin – ''Mad''
** Virat Karrna – ''[[Peddha Kapu 1]]''
*'''2024: Sandeep Saroj – [[Committee Kurrollu|''Committee Kurrollu'']]'''
** Akash Goparaju – [[Sarkaaru Noukari|''Sarkaaru Noukari'']]
** [[Ankith Koyya]] – [[Maruthi Nagar Subramanyam|''Maruthi Nagar Subramanyam'']]
** Chandra Hass – ''Ramnagar Bunny''
** Deepak Saroj – [[Siddharth Roy|''Siddharth Roy'']]
** Yuva Chandraa – ''[[Pottel]]''

== See also ==

* [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor – Telugu]]
* [[SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actor – Telugu]]

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:SIIMA_Award_for_Best_Male_Debut_-_Telugu}}

{{SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Telugu}}
{{South Indian International Movie Awards}}

[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards]]
[[Category:Film awards for male debut actors]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Film-award-stub}}

Ameena (film)

2026-03-02T04:57:29Z

RondaWaddell840: Added - done

{{Short description|2024 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024 }}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ameena
| image = Ameena film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official release poster
| director = Kumar Raj
| story = {{Plainlist|
* Aftab Hasnain
* Kishan Pawar
}}
| producer = Kumar Raj
co producer Dharm
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
* Aftab Hasnain
* Dr. Prof. Kishan Pawar
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Anant Mahadevan]]
* [[Rekha Rana]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Rekha Rana and Anant Mahadevan starrer Ameena music launched | website=First India |url=https://firstindia.co.in/news/press-releases/rekha-rana-and-anant-mahadevan-starrer-ameena-music-launched | access-date=11 April 2024}}</ref>
* Utkarsh Kohli
* Kumar Raj
* Dr. Prof.Kishan Pawar
}}
| music = {{Plainlist|
* Sujeet Sharma
* Praveen Koii
* Hitesh Patel
* Paresh A Shah
* Toofan Musical Group
}}
| cinematography = {{Plainlist|
* David Basu
* Dwarika Mishra
}}
| editing = {{Plainlist|
* Chandrashekhar Prajapati
* Ajay Verma
* Himadri Bhattacharya
* Bhupendra Singh
}}
| studio = Kumar Raj Productions
| distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|04|12}}
| runtime = 107 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/ameena-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdiwntu3|title=''Ameena'' (15) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=19 April 2024 |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Ameena''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[drama]] [[action thriller]] film directed by Kumar Raj and starring [[Rekha Rana]] and [[Anant Mahadevan]]. The film was released on 12 April 2024, coinciding with [[Eid al-Fitr|Eid]].<ref>{{cite web| title=AMEENA 12th April, 2024 – Film Information | website=Film Information – Movie Reviews & News |url=https://filminformation.com/releases/ameena-12th-april-2024/ | access-date=11 April 2024}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
Ameena explores the parallel lives of two teenagers from different eras – Ameena from 32 years ago,{{When|date=January 2026}} and Meena, a contemporary young woman. Both characters face similar life challenges, yet their responses diverge significantly.<ref>{{Cite web |last=वृत्तसेवा |first=सकाळ |date=2024-04-03 |title=Actress Rekha Rana Interview : स्‍त्रियांवरील अत्‍याचारावर आधारित कथानक |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/actress-rekha-interview-directed-by-kumar-raj-the-film-amina-will-release-on-april-12-adi01 |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=Esakal Marathi News |language=mr}}</ref> Meena, an actress, portrays Ameena in a play titled "Yahan Ameena Bikti Hai" at Prithvi theatre. The play tells of Ameena and how her parents sell her to an elderly Arab man. Meena, after performing in the play, encounters a similar fate as Ameena.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-01 |title=Tara actor Rekha Rana: With every project, I am evolving |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/tara-actor-rekha-rana-with-every-project-i-am-evolving-101711887445998.html |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Anant Mahadevan]] as Aftab Hasnain<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-23 |title=निष्पाप मुलीच्या जीवनावर आधारित "अमीना" चित्रपटाचे म्युझिक लॉन्च |url=https://pudhari.news/soneri/759677/ameena-movie-music-launch/ar |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=पुढारी |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
* [[Rekha Rana]] as Ameena & Meena<ref>{{cite web | title=बगैर कोई बॉलीवुड फिल्म करे इस एक्ट्रेस को मिल चुके 18 इंटरनेशनल अवॉर्ड | website=Dainik Bhaskar | date=23 November 2016 |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/ent-bne-interview-of-yahan-ameena-bikti-hai-actress-rekha-rana-news-hindi-5465937-pho.html | language=hi | access-date=11 April 2024}}</ref>
* Utkarsh Kohli
* Rekha Rana as Ameena and Meena
* Kumar Raj as Bhupan Joshi
* Dr. Prof.Kishan Pawar as Pawar
* Manu Malkani as Dada Ramchandani
* Sharad Sharma as Ajay Varma
* Nayan Pawar as Seema Vishwash
* Aarti Vazirani as Aarti Vazirani
* Ranjeet Jaiswal as Rajesh Raghwan
* Shivraj Patil as Shivraj Patil

==Production==
The film was directed by Kumar Raj, with the story and dialogues written by Aftab Hasnain and Dr. Prof. Kishan Pawar. The film was produced by Kumar Raj, while Dharm served as the co-producer. Cinematography was done by David Basu, Dwarika Mishra (Ajay), and editing by Chandrashekhar Prajapati, Ajay Verma, Himadri Bhattacharya and Bhupendra Singh.{{cn|date=May 2024}}

== Music ==
Music is composed by Sujeet Sharma, Raaz, Praveen Koii, Hitesh Patel, Paresh A Shah and Toofan Musical Group with the lyrics written by Lali Mishra, Dilip Sharma, Vakeel Qureshi, Praveen Koii, Vishwajeet, Toofan Musical group. Background Score was composed by [[Ismail Darbar]], and Prakash Prabhakar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rekha Rana and Anant Mahadevan starrer "Ameena" music launched |url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/rekha-rana-and-anant-mahadevan-starrer-ameena-music-launched/81864228.html |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=Ahmedabad Mirror |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Dhaval Roy from [[The Times of India]] rated the film 1/5.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ameena Movie Review: Attempts relevant themes but lacks execution |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/ameena/movie-review/109272701.cms |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Themes ==
The film's themes include commentary on justice, societal conventions, the resilience of the human spirit, and the treatment of women.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rekha Rana And Anant Mahadevan Starrer Ameenas Music Launched |url=https://cineblitz.in/videos/music/rekha-rana-and-anant-mahadevan-starrer-ameenas-music-launched/ |website=cineblitz.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|6259146}}
*{{Bollywood Hungama movie|id=ameena}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ameena}}
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2024 drama films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action thriller films]]

2012 World Series Hockey

2026-02-21T20:45:30Z

RondaWaddell840: Pg

{{Short description|Season of an Indian hockey league}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox field hockey league season
|name = Bridgestone World Series Hockey 2012
|image = WorldSeriesHockey2012.jpg
|pixels = 175
|caption =
|fromdate = 29 February
|todate = 2 April
|administrator = [[Indian Hockey Federation]]
|tformat = [[Round-robin tournament|Double Round-robin]] and [[Single-elimination tournament|Knock-out]]
|host = {{IND}}
|venues = [[#Venues|8]]
|teams = [[World Series Hockey#Franchises|8]]
|champion = [[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|count = 1
|second = [[Pune Strykers]]
|third = [[Chandigarh Comets]] [[Karnataka Lions]]
|matches = 59
|goals = 327
|potourn = [[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder Singh]] ([[Chandigarh Comets|CCO]])
|topscorer = [[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder Singh]] ([[Chandigarh Comets|CCO]]) (19) [[Syed Imran Warsi]] ([[Chennai Cheetahs|CCH]]) (19)
|attendance =
|prevseason =
|nextseason = [[2012-13 World Series Hockey|2012-13]]
}}

'''2012 World Series Hockey''' better known as '''Bridgestone World Series Hockey''', abbreviated as Bridgestone WSH, was the first season of the hockey tournament [[World Series Hockey]], a professional league for [[field hockey]] in [[India]]. The tournament was to take place from 17 December 2011 to 22 January 2012 but later was postponed to 29 February 2012 owing to [[Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics#Qualifiers|Olympic qualifiers]].<ref>{{cite news|title=World Series Hockey postponed to February 29|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/sports/world-series-hockey-postponed-to-march-sources-182303|access-date=12 December 2011|newspaper=[[NDTV]]|date=12 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108082137/http://www.ndtv.com/article/sports/world-series-hockey-postponed-to-march-sources-182303|archive-date=2012-01-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eight teams took part in this competition. The opening ceremony and the first match was held at [[Sector 42 Stadium]], [[Chandigarh]], where [[#match1|Bhopal Badshahs beat Chandigarh Comets 4–3]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/world-series-hockey/WSH-Bhopal-Badshahs-down-Chandigarh-Comets-in-opener/articleshow/12089210.cms|title=WSH: Bhopal Badshahs down Chandigarh Comets in opener|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2012-01-23|access-date=2012-01-03}}</ref>

The inaugural season of the WSH was won by [[Sher-e-Punjab]] by defeating [[Pune Strykers]] [[#final|5–2]] in the final at [[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]] and thus became the first champions of WSH. [[Chandigarh Comets]]' drag-flicker Gurjinder Singh was named WSH Rockstar (Player of the tournament) (19 goals in 15 matches) who also shared the golden stick with [[Pakistan men's national field hockey team|Pakistan]]'s Syed Imran Warsi for 19 goals apiece.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldserieshockey.com/After-59-matches-and-327-goals.aspx|title=After 59 matches & 327 goals, it's raining prizes now|publisher=[[World Series Hockey]]|date=2012-04-02|access-date=2012-04-04}}</ref>

==Venues==
Following eight venues will host the matches of eight franchises on a home and away basis: [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]], [[Bhopal]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Bangalore]] and [[Chennai]] will host the matches of eight franchises on a home and away basis.
*[[Dhyan Chand National Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
*[[Bangalore Hockey Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
*[[Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
*[[PCMC Hockey Stadium, Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]], [[Pune]]
*[[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
*[[Sector 42 Stadium]], [[Chandigarh]]
*[[Surjeet Hockey Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]
*[[Aishbagh Stadium]], [[Bhopal]]
Originally, nine venues were selected and upgraded with floodlights, replay screens, and scoreboards but organisers decided not to have any matches in [[Hyderabad]]'s [[Gachibowli Hockey Stadium]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2711580.ece|location=Chennai, India|work=The Hindu|first=V. V.|last=Subrahmanyam|title=No WSH matches in city|date=13 December 2011}}</ref>

==Players==
{{Main|List of World Series Hockey players}}
The players for the eight teams were finalized on 28 November based on the [[Draft (sports)|draft]] system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefansofhockey.com/2011/11/28/dhanraj-to-represent-karnataka-in-wsh-final-teams/|title=Dhanraj to represent Karnataka in WSH: Final Teams|publisher=The Fans of Hockey|date=2011-11-28|access-date=2011-12-12}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Team
!Captain
!Coach
|-
|[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|[[Sameer Dad]]
|[[Vasudevan Baskaran]]
|-
|[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|[[Rehan Butt]]
|[[Harendra Singh]]
|-
|[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|[[Brent Livermore]]
|[[José Brasa]]
|-
|[[Delhi Wizards]]
|[[Shakeel Abbasi]]
|[[Roelant Oltmans]]
|-
|[[Karnataka Lions]]
|[[Arjun Halappa]]
|[[Jude Felix]]
|-
|[[Mumbai Marines]]
|[[Adrian D'Souza]]
|[[Andrew Meredith]]
|-
|[[Pune Strykers]]
|[[Ken Pereira]]
|[[Gundeep Singh]]
|-
|[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|[[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)|Prabhjot Singh]]
|[[Rajinder Singh Jr.|Rajinder Singh]]
|}

==Umpires==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*{{flagathlete|Amar Singh Negi|IND}}
*{{flagathlete|A.D. Cariappa|IND}}
*{{flagathlete|A.N. Somaiah|IND}}
*{{flagathlete|Bhupinder Singh|IND}}
*{{flagathlete|Dominic Savio|IND}}
*{{flagathlete|Hardeep Singh Saini|IND}}
*{{flagathlete|Jaspreet Sidhu|IND}}
*{{flagathlete|Lokraju|IND}}
*{{flagathlete|Marc Knülle|GER}}
*{{flagathlete|Parnam Singh|IND}}
*{{flagathlete|Paul Ludwig|AUS}}
*{{flagathlete|Pradeep Kalia|IND}}
*{{flagathlete|R.S. Suryaprakash|IND}}
*{{flagathlete|Satinder Kumar Sharma|IND}}
*{{flagathlete|Scott O'Brian|AUS}}
*{{flagathlete|Shridharan Thamba|IND}}
*{{flagathlete|Stewart Dearing|AUS}}
{{div col end}}

==Exhibition match==
[[File:ExMatchWSH2012.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Match between [[World Series Hockey|WSH]] World XI and [[World Series Hockey|WSH]] India XI in progress.]]

An exhibition match was organised on 20 December at [[Sector 42 Stadium]], [[Chandigarh]]. Match was played between WSH World XI and WSH India XI. A one-sided match from the start was won by World XI. The World XI was captained by [[Brent Livermore]] and coached by [[José Brasa]] and [[Andrew Meredith]]. [[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)|Prabhjot Singh]] led the India XI and coached by Jude Felix and Harendra Singh.<ref>{{cite news|title=India XI vs World XI to promote WSH|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/hockey/182696-india-xi-vs-world-xi-to-promote-wsh|access-date=2014-05-13|newspaper=NDTV Sports|date=2011-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610183636/http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/hockey/182696-india-xi-vs-world-xi-to-promote-wsh|archive-date=2014-06-10|url-status=dead}}</ref>

:''Match timings according to [[Indian Standard Time]] (UTC +05:30)''

{{fieldhockeybox
|date=20 December 2011
|time=19:30
|team1=WSH India XI
|score=2–7
|team2=WSH World XI
|goals1=[[Deepak Thakur|Thakur]] {{fhgoal|FG|17}} [[Dhanraj Pillay|Pillay]] {{fhgoal|FG|32}}
|report=
|goals2=[[Joseph Reardon|Reardon]] {{fhgoal|FG|10}} [[Roderik Huber|Huber]] {{fhgoal|FG|32}} [[Connor Grimes|Grimes]]{{fhgoal|FG|38}} [[Phelie Maguire|Maguire]] {{fhgoal|FG|40}} [[Peter Kelly (field hockey)|Kelly]] {{fhgoal|FG|55|FG|59}} [[David Seddon|Seddon]] {{fhgoal|PC|67}}
|stadium=[[Sector 42 Stadium]], [[Chandigarh]]
|umpires=}}

{| class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; border-style:solid; border-width:1px"
|-
!Team Composition
|- valign=top
|
{| style="font-size:90%; width:50%"
!colspan="2"|WSH India XI
|-
!Player
!Position
|-
|[[Bikash Toppo]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Birendra Lakra]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Deepak Thakur]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Dhanraj Pillay]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Inderjit Singh Chadha]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Innocent Kullu]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Lalit Kumar Upadhyay]]
|Forward
|-
|'''[[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)|Prabhjot Singh]]''' (c)
|Forward
|-
|[[Sameer Dad]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Ignace Tirkey]]
|Midfielder
|-
|[[Prabodh Tirkey]]
|Midfielder
|-
|[[Tyron Pereira]]
|Midfielder
|-
|[[Vivek Gupta (field hockey)|Vivek Gupta]]
|Midfielder
|-
|[[Diwakar Ram]]
|Defender
|-
|[[Harpal Singh (field hockey)|Harpal Singh]]
|Defender
|-
|Jaswinder Singh
|Defender
|-
|[[Samir Baxla]]
|Defender
|-
|[[William Xalco]]
|Defender
|-
|[[Adrian D'Souza]]
|Goalkeeper
|-
|[[Baljeet Singh]]
|Goalkeeper
|}
|
{| style="font-size:90%; width:50%"
!colspan="2"|WSH World XI
|-
!Player
!Position
|-
|[[Benedikt Sperling]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Chris Seddon]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Connor Grimes]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Eli Matheson]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Peter Kelly (field hockey)|Peter Kelly]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Roderik Huber]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Steven Faaij]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Gabbar Singh (field hockey)|Sukhwinder Singh Gabbar]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Tariq Aziz]]
|Forward
|-
|[[Adnan Maqsood]]
|Midfielder
|-
|'''[[Brent Livermore]]''' (c)
|Midfielder
|-
|[[Casey Henwood]]
|Midfielder
|-
|[[David Seddon]]
|Midfielder
|-
|[[Jiwa Mohan]]
|Midfielder
|-
|[[Joseph Reardon]]
|Midfielder
|-
|[[Lloyd Stephenson]]
|Midfielder
|-
|[[Phelie Maguire]]
|Midfielder
|-
|[[Robert Green (field hockey)|Robert Green]]
|Midfielder
|-
|[[Andrew Eversden]]
|Defender
|-
|[[Jesse Mahieu]]
|Defender
|-
|[[Maik Gunther]]
|Defender
|-
|Mathew Phillips
|Defender
|-
|[[Melchior Looijen]]
|Defender
|-
|[[Zeeshan Ashraf]]
|Defender
|-
|[[Devesh Chauhan]]
|Goalkeeper
|}
|}

==Opening ceremony==
Opening ceremony of Bridgestone World Series Hockey was held at [[Sector 42 Stadium]] of [[Chandigarh]] followed by the inaugural match between [[Chandigarh Comets]] and [[Bhopal Badshahs]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==League progression==
{| class="wikitable" style="border:none;text-align:center"
|-
| colspan="2" style="background:white; border:none" |
| rowspan="10" width="5" style="border:none; background:white" |
! colspan="14" | League Phase
| rowspan="10" width="5" style="border:none; background:white" |
! colspan="2" | Knockout
|-
! width="210" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:center" | Team
! width=25 | 1 !! width=25 | 2 !! width=25 | 3 !! width=25 | 4 !! width=25 | 5 !! width=25 | 6 !! width=25 | 7 !! width=25 | 8 !! width=25 | 9 !! width=25 | 10 !! width=25 | 11 !! width=25 | 12 !! width=25 | 13 !! width=25 | 14 !! width=25 | SF !! width=25 | F
|-



! style="width:5px; border-right:none" |
! style="width:105px; text-align:left; border-left:none" | [[Bhopal Badshahs]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match1|3]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match5|3]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match11|6]]
| style="background:#dcdcdc;"| [[#match16|7]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match20|10]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match22|10]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match26|13]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match30|13]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match33|13]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match38|13]]
| style="background:#dcdcdc;"| [[#match43|14]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match46|17]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match50|17]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match54|17]]
| style="background:#c0c0c0; border-right:none"|
| style="background:#c0c0c0; border-left:none"|
|-



! style="width:5px; border-right:none" |
! style="width:105px; text-align:left; border-left:none" | [[Chandigarh Comets]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match1|0]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match7|0]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match10|3]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match14|3]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match17|6]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match23|9]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match28|12]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match31|12]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match35|15]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match37|18]]
| style="background:#dcdcdc;"| [[#match43|19]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match47|22]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match51|25]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match53|28]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#semifinal2|L]]
| style="background:#c0c0c0; border-left:none" |
|-



! style="width:5px; border-right:none" |
! style="width:105px; text-align:left; border-left:none" | [[Chennai Cheetahs]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match2|0]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match7|3]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match12|6]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match13|6]]
| style="background:#dcdcdc;"| [[#match19|7]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match21|7]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match26|7]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8" | [[#match29|10]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match34|13]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match38|16]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match45|16]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match47|16]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match52|19]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match56|19]]
| style="background:#c0c0c0; border-right:none"|
| style="background:#c0c0c0; border-left:none" |
|-



! style="width:5px; border-right:none" |
! style="width:105px; text-align:left; border-left:none" | [[Delhi Wizards]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match4|3]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match8|3]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match12|3]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match15|6]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match20|6]]
| style="background:#dcdcdc;"| [[#match24|7]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match28|7]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8" | [[#match30|10]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match36|13]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match37|13]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match44|13]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match48|16]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match52|16]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match55|19]]
| style="background:#c0c0c0; border-right:none"|
| style="background:#c0c0c0; border-left:none" |
|-



! style="width:5px; border-right:none" |
! style="width:105px; text-align:left; border-left:none" | [[Karnataka Lions]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match4|0]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match6|0]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match11|0]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match14|3]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match16|3]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match21|6]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match25|6]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8" | [[#match32|9]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match34|9]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match40|12]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match42|15]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match44|18]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match50|21]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match53|21]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#semifinal1|L]]
| style="background:#c0c0c0; border-left:none" |
|-



! style="width:5px; border-right:none" |
! style="width:105px; text-align:left; border-left:none" | [[Mumbai Marines]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match3|0]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match5|3]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match10|3]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match13|6]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match16|9]]
| style="background:#dcdcdc;"| [[#match24|10]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match27|10]]
| style="background:#fbb" | [[#match32|10]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match36|10]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match39|10]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match41|10]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match46|10]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match51|10]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8" | [[#match56|13]]
| style="background:#c0c0c0; border-right:none"|
| style="background:#c0c0c0; border-left:none" |
|-



! style="width:5px; border-right:none" |
! style="width:105px; text-align:left; border-left:none" | [[Pune Strykers]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match3|3]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match8|6]]
| style="background:#dcdcdc;"| [[#match9|7]]
| style="background:#dcdcdc;"| [[#match16|8]]
| style="background:#dcdcdc;"| [[#match19|9]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match23|9]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match25|12]]
| style="background:#fbb" | [[#match29|12]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match35|12]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match40|12]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match41|15]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match48|15]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match49|18]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match54|21]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#semifinal2|W]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#final|L]]
|-



! style="width:5px; border-right:none" |
! style="width:105px; text-align:left; border-left:none" | [[Sher-e-Punjab]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match2|3]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match6|6]]
| style="background:#dcdcdc;"| [[#match9|7]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match15|7]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match17|7]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match22|10]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match27|13]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8" | [[#match31|16]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match33|19]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match39|22]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match42|22]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#match45|25]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match49|25]]
| style="background:#fbb;" | [[#match55|25]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#semifinal1|W]]
| style="background:#c3fdb8;"| [[#final|W]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="background:white; border:none" |
| colspan="1" style="background:white; border:none" |
| colspan="14" style="background:white; border:none" |
| colspan="1" style="background:white; border:none" |
| colspan="2" style="background:white; border:none" |
|- style="font-size:75%"
| colspan="11" style="background:white; border:none; vertical-align:center" |
:'''Note''': The total points at the end of each group match are listed.
| colspan="3" style="background:#c3fdb8;"|Win
| colspan="3" style="background:#fbb;"|Loss
| colspan="3" style="background:#dcdcdc;"|Draw
|- style="font-size:75%"
| colspan="11" style="background:white; border:none; vertical-align:top" |
:'''Note''': Click on the points (league phase) or W/L (knockout) to see the summary for the match.
| colspan="9" style="background:#c0c0c0; text-align:center; vertical-align:center" | Team was eliminated in the league phase.
|}

==Results==
:''All matches' timings according to [[Indian Standard Time]] (UTC+05:30)''

===League Phase===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; border:none"
|-
!width=175|Team
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pld|Matches Played}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Won}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Lost}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|Pts|Points}}
|-style="background:#c3fdb8;"
|align=left|'''[[Chandigarh Comets]]'''
|14||9||1||4||46||34||+12||'''28'''
|-style="background:#c3fdb8;"
|align=left|'''[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]'''
|14||8||1||5||45||35||+10||'''25'''
|-style="background:#c3fdb8;"
|align=left|'''[[Karnataka Lions]]'''
|14||7||0||7||34||40||–6||'''21'''
|-style="background:#c3fdb8;"
|align=left|'''[[Pune Strykers]]'''
|14||6||3||5||41||42||–1||'''21'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid black; background:#fbb"
|align=left|'''[[Delhi Wizards]]'''
|14||6||1||7||36||37||–1||'''19'''
|-style="background:#fbb;"
|align=left|'''[[Chennai Cheetahs]]'''
|14||6||1||7||41||43||–2||'''19'''
|-style="background:#fbb;"
|align=left|'''[[Bhopal Badshahs]]'''
|14||5||2||7||32||37||–5||'''17'''
|-style="background:#fbb;"
|align=left|'''[[Mumbai Marines]]'''
|14||4||1||9||32||39||–7||'''13'''
|-
| colspan="9" style="background:#ffffff; border:none"|
|-
| colspan="6" style="background:#ffffff; border:none"|
| colspan="3" style="background:#c3fdb8"| Qualified for Semi-Finals 
|-
| colspan="6" style="background:#ffffff; border:none"|
| colspan="3" style="background:#fbb"| Eliminated 
|}

{{Anchor|match1}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=29 February 2012
|time=20:30
|team1=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|score=3–4
|team2=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|goals1=[[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|22|FG|57}} [[Jasjit Kular Singh|Jasjit]] {{fhgoal|PC|29}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chandigarh-vs-bhopal.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Laxman Baskaran|Baskaran]] {{fhgoal|PC|6|FG|63}} [[Kyle Gamiet Geowynne|Geowynne]] {{fhgoal|FG|56}} [[Affan Yousuf|Yousuf]] {{fhgoal|FG|61}}
|stadium=[[Sector 42 Stadium]], [[Chandigarh]]
|umpires=Satinder Kumar (IND) Paul Ludwig (AUS)}}
----
{{Anchor|match2}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=1 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|score=5–2
|team2=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|goals1=[[Mandeep Antil|Antil]] {{fhgoal|FG|7}} [[Harpeet Singh|Harpeet]] {{fhgoal|PS|34}} [[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)|Prabhjot]] {{fhgoal|FG|49|FG|70}} [[Gagan Ajit Singh|Gagan Ajit]] {{fhgoal|FG|59}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/sherepunjab-vs-chennaicheetahs.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Imran Warsi|Warsi]] {{fhgoal|PC|24|PC|63}}
|stadium=[[Surjeet Hockey Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]
|umpires=Stewart Dearing (AUS) Parnam Singh (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match3}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=1 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|score=5–7
|team2=[[Pune Strykers]]
|goals1=[[Troy Sutherland|Sutherland]] {{fhgoal|PC|19}} [[Joga Sing|Sing]] {{fhgoal|FG|27|FG|29|PC|43}} [[Aijub Ekka|Ekka]] {{fhgoal|FG|31}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/mubmbai-vs-pune.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Mario Almada (field hockey)|Almada]] {{fhgoal|FG|4}} [[Gurpreet Singh (field hockey)|Gurpreet]] {{fhgoal|PC|9|PC|48|PC|61|PC|64}} [[Lungile Tsolekile|Tsolekile]] {{fhgoal|PC|22}} [[Damandeep Singh|Damandeep]] {{fhgoal|FG|67}}
|stadium=[[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
|umpires=Marc Knülle (GER) Bhupinder Singh (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match4}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=2 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|score=3–2
|team2=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|goals1=[[Vikramjeet Singh|Vikramjeet]] {{fhgoal|PC|2}} [[Shakeel Abbasi|Abbasi]] {{fhgoal|FG|19}} [[Rajpal Singh|Rajpal]] {{fhgoal|FG|51}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/delhi-vs-karnataka.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Jarnail Singh (field hockey)|Jernail]] {{fhgoal|FG|36}} [[Ravipal Singh|Ravipal]] {{fhgoal|FG|48}}
|stadium=[[Dhyan Chand National Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
|umpires=Satinder Kumar (IND) R.S. Suryaprakash (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match5}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=2 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|score=1–0
|team2=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|goals1=[[Troy Sutherland|Sutherland]] {{fhgoal|FG|25}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/mumbai-vs-bhopal.aspx Report]
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
|umpires=Shridharan Thamba (IND) Marc Knülle (GER)}}
----
{{Anchor|match6}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=3 March 2012
|time=17:00
|team1=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|score=6–1
|team2=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|goals1=[[Mandeep Antil|Antil]] {{fhgoal|FG|25}} [[Tariq Aziz (field hockey, born 1984)|Aziz]] {{fhgoal|PS|29}} [[Gagan Ajit Singh|Gagan Ajit]] {{fhgoal|FG|31}} [[Harpal Singh (field hockey)|Harpal]] {{fhgoal|PC|43}} [[Harpeet Singh|Harpeet]] {{fhgoal|PC|61}} [[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)|Prabhjot]] {{fhgoal|FG|66}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/punjab-vs-karnataka.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Vinayak Bijwad|Bijwad]] {{fhgoal|FG|19}}
|stadium=[[Surjeet Hockey Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]
|umpires=Stewart Dearing (AUS) Amar Singh Negi (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match7}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=3 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|score=3–5
|team2=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|goals1=[[Ramandeep Singh (field hockey, born 1993)|Ramandeep]] {{fhgoal|FG|26}} [[Rehan Butt|Butt]] {{fhgoal|FG|36}} [[Sukhwinder Singh (field hockey)|Sukhvinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|64}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chandigarh-vs-chennai.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Imran Warsi|Warsi]] {{fhgoal|PC|7|PC|22|PC|40}} [[Adam Sinclair (field hockey)|Sinclair]] {{fhgoal|FG|9}} [[Mark Harris (field hockey)|Harris]] {{fhgoal|FG|65}}
|stadium=[[Sector 42 Stadium]], [[Chandigarh]]
|umpires=Paul Ludwig (AUS) Jaspreet Sidhu (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match8}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=3 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|score=1–3
|team2=[[Pune Strykers]]
|goals1=[[Philip Sunkel|Sunkel]] {{fhgoal|FG|26}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/delhi-vs-pune.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Mario Almada (field hockey)|Almada]] {{fhgoal|FG|5}} [[Gurpreet Singh (field hockey)|Gurpreet]] {{fhgoal|PC|53|PS|59}}
|stadium=[[Dhyan Chand National Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
|umpires=Satinder Kumar (IND) Pradeep Kalia (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match9}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=4 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|score=3–3
|team2=[[Pune Strykers]]
|goals1=[[Deepak Thakur|Thakur]] {{fhgoal|FG|3|FG|33}} [[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)|Prabhjot]] {{fhgoal|FG|55}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/punjab-vs-pune.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Gurpreet Singh (field hockey)|Gurpreet]] {{fhgoal|FG|45}} [[Bikash Toppo|Toppo]] {{fhgoal|FG|60|PC|65}}
|stadium=[[Surjeet Hockey Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]
|umpires=Parnam Singh (IND) A.D. Cariappa (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match10}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=4 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|score=2–5
|team2=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|goals1=[[Troy Sutherland|Sutherland]] {{fhgoal|FG|3}} [[Joga Singh|Joga]] {{fhgoal|FG|7}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/mumbai-vs-chandigarh.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Sukhwinder Singh (field hockey)|Sukhvinder]] {{fhgoal|FG|17|PS|70}} [[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|24|PC|46}} [[Ranjodh Singh|Ranjodh]] {{fhgoal|FG|53}}
|stadium=[[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
|umpires=Bhupinder Singh (IND) Dominic Savio (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match11}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=5 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|score=1–3
|team2=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|goals1=[[Dhanras Pillai|Pillai]] {{fhgoal|PC|41}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/karnataka-vs-bhopal.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Laxman Baskaran|Baskaran]] {{fhgoal|FG|43|PC|45}} [[Sameer Dad|Dad]] {{fhgoal|FG|48}}
|stadium=[[Bangalore Hockey Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|umpires=Hardeep Singh Saini (IND) Paul Ludwig (AUS)}}
----
{{Anchor|match12}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=5 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|score=2–5
|team2=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|goals1=[[Philip Sunkel|Sunkel]] {{fhgoal|FG|32|FG|34}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/delhi-vs-chennai.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Joseph Reardon|Reardon]] {{fhgoal|FG|35}} [[Imran Warsi|Warsi]] {{fhgoal|PC|47|PC|53}} [[Adam Sinclair (field hockey)|Sinclair]] {{fhgoal|FG|55}} [[Sandeep Antil|Antil]] {{fhgoal|FG|60}}
|stadium=[[Dhyan Chand National Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
|umpires=Lokraju (IND) Satinder Kumar (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match13}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=6 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|score=2–4
|team2=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|goals1=[[Imran Warsi|Warsi]] {{fhgoal|PC|2}} [[Sunil Yadav|Yadav]] {{fhgoal|PC|50}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chennai-vs-mumbai.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Devindar Walkimi|Walkimi]] {{fhgoal|PC|10}} [[Anup Anthony|Anthony]] {{fhgoal|FG|23}} [[Ajmer Singh (field hockey)|Ajmer]] {{fhgoal|PC|41}} [[Bimal Lakra|Lakra]] {{fhgoal|PC|50}}
|stadium=[[Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
|umpires=Dominic Savio (IND) Marc Knülle (GER)}}
----
{{Anchor|match14}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=6 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|score=3–2
|team2=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|goals1=[[Len Aiyappa|Aiyappa]] {{fhgoal|PC|10|PC|19|PC|28}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/karnataka-vs-chandigarh.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Bharat Chhikara|Chhikara]] {{fhgoal|FG|37|FG|63}}
|stadium=[[Bangalore Hockey Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|umpires=Jaspreet Sidhu (IND) A.N. Somaiah (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match15}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=7 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|score=1–2
|team2=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|goals1=[[Matthew Hotchkis|Hotchkis]] {{fhgoal|FG|22}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/punjab-vs-delhi.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Manoj Antil|Antil]] {{fhgoal|FG|40}} [[Gurvinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurvinder]] {{fhgoal|FG|63}}
|stadium=[[Surjeet Hockey Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]
|umpires=Stewart Dearing (AUS) Amar Singh Negi (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match16}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=7 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Pune Strykers]]
|score=1–1
|team2=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|goals1=[[Gurpreet Singh (field hockey)|Gurpreet]] {{fhgoal|PC|25}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/pune-bhopal.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Affan Yousuf|Yousuf]] {{fhgoal|FG|66}}
|stadium=[[PCMC Hockey Stadium]], [[Pune]]
|umpires=Pradeep Kalia (IND) R.S. Suryaprakash (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match17}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=8 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|score=3–1
|team2=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|goals1=[[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|2|PC|65}} [[Gabbar Singh (field hockey)|Sukhvinder]] {{fhgoal|FG|9}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chandigarh-vs-punjab.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Matthew Hotchkis|Hotchkis]] {{fhgoal|PC|59}}
|stadium=[[Sector 42 Stadium]], [[Chandigarh]]
|umpires=Stewart Dearing (AUS) Pranam Singh (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match18}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=8 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|score=1–2
|team2=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|goals1=[[Len Aiyappa|Aiyappa]] {{fhgoal|PC|16}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/karnataka-vs-mumbai.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Devindar Walkimi|Walkimi]] {{fhgoal|PC|45}} [[Joga Singh|Joga]] {{fhgoal|FG|57}}
|stadium=[[Bangalore Hockey Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|umpires=Hardeep Singh Saini (IND) Paul Ludwig (AUS)}}
----
{{Anchor|match19}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=9 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|score=3–3
|team2=[[Pune Strykers]]
|goals1=[[Adam Sinclair (field hockey)|Sinclair]] {{fhgoal|FG|2}} [[Imran Warsi|Warsi]] {{fhgoal|PC|30|PC|44}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chennai-vs-pune.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Roshan Minz|Minz]] {{fhgoal|FG|6}} [[Bikash Toppo|Toppo]] {{fhgoal|FG|35}} [[Simrandeep Randhawa|Randhawa]] {{fhgoal|PC|64}}
|stadium=[[Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
|umpires=Marc Knüllei (GER) Bhupinder Singh (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match20}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=9 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|score=2–1
|team2=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|goals1=[[Laxman Baskaran|Baskaran]] {{fhgoal|PC|14}} [[A B Cheeyanna|Cheeyanna]] {{fhgoal|FG|47}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/bhopal-vs-delhi.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Vikramjeet Singh|Vikramjeet]] {{fhgoal|PC|32}}
|stadium=[[Aishbagh Stadium]], [[Bhopal]]
|umpires=Satinder Kumar (IND) Lokaraju (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match21}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=10 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|score=3–5
|team2=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|goals1=[[Imran Warsi|Warsi]] {{fhgoal|PC|37|PC|67}} [[Mark Harris (field hockey)|Harris]] {{fhgoal|PC|70}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chennai-vs-karnataka.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Ravipal Singh|Ravipal]] {{fhgoal|FG|26|FG|56|FG|63}} [[Vinayak Bijwad|Bijwad]] {{fhgoal|FG|33}} [[Kullu Deepak|Deepak]] {{fhgoal|FG|68}}
|stadium=[[Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
|umpires=Marc Knüllei (GER) Shridharan Thamba (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match22}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=10 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|score=2–3
|team2=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|goals1=[[Sameer Dad|Dad]] {{fhgoal|FG|22}} [[Lait Kumar Upadhyay|Upadhyay]] {{fhgoal|FG|58}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/bhopal-punjab.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Deepak Thakur|Thakur]] {{fhgoal|FG|17|FG|46}} [[Harpeet Singh|Harpeet]] {{fhgoal|PC|53}}
|stadium=[[Aishbagh Stadium]], [[Bhopal]]
|umpires=Satinder Kumar (IND) R.S. Suryaprakash (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match23}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=11 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Pune Strykers]]
|score=1–3
|team2=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|goals1=[[Mario Almada (field hockey)|Almada]] {{fhgoal|FG|11}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/pune-chandigarh.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Gabbar Singh (field hockey)|Sukhvinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|12}} [[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|38}} [[Lloyd Stephenson|Stephenson]] {{fhgoal|FG|50}}
|stadium=[[PCMC Hockey Stadium]], [[Pune]]
|umpires=Paul Ludwig (AUS) A.N. Somaiah (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match24}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=11 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|score=2–2
|team2=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|goals1=[[Shanyl Balwanth|Balwanth]] {{fhgoal|PC|11|PC|66}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/mumbai-delhi.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Raghav Sankai|Sankai]] {{fhgoal|PC|25}} [[Shakeel Abbasi|Abbasi]] {{fhgoal|FG|45}}
|stadium=[[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
|umpires=Stewart Dearing (AUS) A.D. Cariappa (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match25}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=12 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Pune Strykers]]
|score=3–2
|team2=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|goals1=[[Roshan Minz|Minz]] {{fhgoal|FG|7}} [[Lungile Tsolekile|Tsolekile]] {{fhgoal|FG|46}} [[Damandeep Singh|Damandeep]] {{fhgoal|PC|54}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/pune-karnataka.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Len Aiyappa|Aiyappa]] {{fhgoal|PS|23}} [[Naveen Kumar (field hockey)|Naveen]] {{fhgoal|FG|47}}
|stadium=[[PCMC Hockey Stadium]], [[Pune]]
|umpires=Paul Ludwig (AUS) Jaspreet Sidhu (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match26}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=12 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|score=3–1
|team2=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|goals1=[[Sameer Dad|Dad]] {{fhgoal|FG|20}} [[Lalith Kumar Upadhyay|Upadhyay]] {{fhgoal|FG|48}} [[Casey Henwood|Henwood]] {{fhgoal|FG|52}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/bhopal-chennai.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Vikram Pillay|Pillay]] {{fhgoal|PS|22}}
|stadium=[[Aishbagh Stadium]], [[Bhopal]]
|umpires=Satinder Kumar (IND) Pradeep Kalia (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match27}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=14 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|score=2–3
|team2=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|goals1=[[Joga Singh|Joga]] {{fhgoal|FG|12}} [[Devindar Walkimi|Walkimi]] {{fhgoal|PC|68}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/mumbai-punjab.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Tariq Aziz (field hockey, born 1984)|Aziz]] {{fhgoal|FG|1}} [[Deepak Thakur|Thakur]] {{fhgoal|PC|56|FG|63}}
|stadium=[[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
|umpires=Parnam Singh (IND) Amar Singh Negi (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match28}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=14 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|score=0–1
|team2=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|goals1=
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/delhi-chandigarh.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|63}}
|stadium=[[Dhyan Chand National Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
|umpires=Scott O'Brian (AUS) Dominic Savio (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match29}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=15 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Pune Strykers]]
|score=1–3
|team2=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|goals1=[[Roshan Minz|Minz]] {{fhgoal|PC|35}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/pune-chennai.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Adam Sinclair (field hockey)|Sinclair]] {{fhgoal|FG|9}} Shyam {{fhgoal|FG|29}} [[Imran Warsi|Warsi]] {{fhgoal|PC|69}}
|stadium=[[PCMC Hockey Stadium]], [[Pune]]
|umpires=Stewart Dearing (AUS) Jaspreet Sidhu (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match30}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=15 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|score=3–1
|team2=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|goals1=[[K Victo Singh|K Victo]] {{fhgoal|FG|5}} [[Shakeel Abbasi|Abbasi]] {{fhgoal|FG|11}} [[Vikram Kanth|Kanth]] {{fhgoal|PC|70}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/delhi-bhopal.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Casey Henwood|Henwood]] {{fhgoal|FG|22}}
|stadium=[[Dhyan Chand National Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
|umpires=Paul Ludwig (AUS) R.S. Suryaprakash (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match31}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=16 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|score=5–2
|team2=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|goals1=[[Deepak Thakur|Thakur]] {{fhgoal|FG|25|FG|57|FG|60}} [[V.S. Vinaya|Vinaya]] {{fhgoal|FG|31}} [[Harpeet Singh|Harpeet]] {{fhgoal|PC|35}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/punjab-chandigarh.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Sher Singh (field hockey)|Sher]] {{fhgoal|FG|56}} [[Robert Green (field hockey)|Green]] {{fhgoal|PC|70}}
|stadium=[[Surjeet Hockey Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]
|umpires=Scott O'Brian (AUS) R.S. Suryaprakash (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match32}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=16 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|score=2–4
|team2=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|goals1=[[Joga Singh|Joga]] {{fhgoal|PC|7}} [[Bimal Lakra|Lakra]] {{fhgoal|FG|63}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/mumbai-karnataka.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Arjun Halappa|Halappa]] {{fhgoal|FG|20|FG|25}} [[Naveen Kumar (field hockey)|Naveen]] {{fhgoal|FG|32}} [[Len Aiyappa|Aiyappa]] {{fhgoal|PC|43}}
|stadium=[[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
|umpires=Satinder Kumar (IND) Parnam Singh (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match33}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=17 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|score=4–3
|team2=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|goals1=[[Inderjit Singh (field hockey)|Inderjit]] {{fhgoal|PC|35}} [[Mandeep Antil|Antil]] {{fhgoal|PC|41}} [[Gagan Ajit Singh|Gagan Ajit]] {{fhgoal|FG|42}} [[Matthew Hotchkis|Hotchkis]] {{fhgoal|FG|58}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/punjab-bhopal.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Casey Henwood|Henwood]] {{fhgoal|FG|46}} [[Lait Kumar Upadhyay|Upadhyay]] {{fhgoal|FG|67}} [[Shailender Bundela|Bundela]] {{fhgoal|PC|69}}
|stadium=[[Surjeet Hockey Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]
|umpires=Paul Ludwig (AUS) Dominic Savio (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match34}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=17 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|score=1–4
|team2=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|goals1=[[Vinayak Bijwad|Bijwad]] {{fhgoal|PC|35}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/karnataka-chennai.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Vikram Pillay|Pillay]] {{fhgoal|PS|13}} [[Imran Warsi|Warsi]] {{fhgoal|PC|33}} [[Adam Sinclair (field hockey)|Sinclair]] {{fhgoal|FG|42}} [[S Shivamani|Shivamani]] {{fhgoal|FG|57}}
|stadium=[[Bangalore Hockey Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|umpires=Stewart Dearing (AUS) Bhupinder Singh (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match35}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=19 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|score=4–3
|team2=[[Pune Strykers]]
|goals1=[[Rehan Butt|Butt]] {{fhgoal|FG|13}} [[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|34}} [[Gabbar Singh (field hockey)|Sukhvinder]] {{fhgoal|FG|37|PS|70}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chandigarh-pune.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Tyron Pereira|T. Pereira]] {{fhgoal|FG|2}} [[Kenny Pereira|K. Pereira]] {{fhgoal|PC|6}} [[Gurpreet Singh (field hockey)|Gurpreet]] {{fhgoal|PS|7}}
|stadium=[[Sector 42 Stadium]], [[Chandigarh]]
|umpires=Dominic Savio (IND) Scott O'Brian (AUS)}}
----
{{Anchor|match36}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=19 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|score=2–1
|team2=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|goals1=[[Vikramjeet Singh|Vikramjeet]] {{fhgoal|PC|13}} [[Shakeel Abbasi|Abbasi]] {{fhgoal|FG|35}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/delhi-mumbai.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Ajmer Singh (field hockey)|Ajmer]] {{fhgoal|PC|15}}
|stadium=[[Dhyan Chand National Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
|umpires=Marc Knüllei (GER) Stewart Dearing (AUS)}}
----
{{Anchor|match37}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=20 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|score=3–2
|team2=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|goals1=[[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|8|PC|14}} [[Mohd Amir Khan|Khan]] {{fhgoal|FG|44}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chandigarh-delhi.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Vikramjeet Singh|Vikramjeet]] {{fhgoal|PC|8}} [[Shakeel Abbasi|Abbasi]] {{fhgoal|FG|28}}
|stadium=[[Sector 42 Stadium]], [[Chandigarh]]
|umpires=Paul Ludwig (AUS) Dominic Savio (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match38}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=20 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|score=4–1
|team2=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|goals1=[[Imran Warsi|Warsi]] {{fhgoal|PC|7}} [[Vikram Pillay|Pillay]] {{fhgoal|PS|53|PC|67}} [[Adam Sinclair (field hockey)|Sinclair]] {{fhgoal|PC|62}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chennai-bhopal.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Waseem Ahmed (field hockey)|Ahmad]] {{fhgoal|FG|3}}
|stadium=[[Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
|umpires=Satinder Kumar (IND) Stewart Dearing (AUS)}}
----
{{Anchor|match39}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=21 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|score=2–1
|team2=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|goals1=[[Bikramjit Singh (field hockey)|Bikramjit]] {{fhgoal|PC|11}} [[Deepak Thakur|Thakur]] {{fhgoal|FG|56}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/punjab-mumbai.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[G.M. Hariprasad|Hariprasad]] {{fhgoal|FG|40}}
|stadium=[[Surjeet Hockey Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]]
|umpires=Paul Ludwig (AUS) Scott O'Brian (AUS)}}
----
{{Anchor|match40}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=21 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|score=3–2
|team2=[[Pune Strykers]]
|goals1=[[Ravipal Singh|Ravipal]] {{fhgoal|FG|7}} [[Len Aiyappa|Aiyappa]] {{fhgoal|PC|11}} [[Mohd Rodzhaninzam Radzi|Radzi]] {{fhgoal|FG|67}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/karnataka-pune.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Nikkin Thimmaiah|Thimmaiah]] {{fhgoal|FG|15}} [[Bikash Toppo|Toppo]] {{fhgoal|PC|29}}
|stadium=[[Bangalore Hockey Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|umpires=Parnam Singh (IND) Marc Knüllei (GER)}}
----
{{Anchor|match41}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=23 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Pune Strykers]]
|score=4–2
|team2=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|goals1=[[Gurpreet Singh (field hockey)|Gurpreet]] {{fhgoal|PC|27}} [[Mario Almada (field hockey)|Almada]] {{fhgoal|FG|33}} [[Nikkin Thimmaiah|Thimmaiah]] {{fhgoal|FG|43|FG|44}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/pune-mumbai.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Banmali Xess|Xess]] {{fhgoal|FG|15}} [[Aijub Ekka|Ekka]] {{fhgoal|FG|25}}
|stadium=[[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]], [[Pune]]
|umpires=Scott O'Brian (AUS) Bhupinder Singh (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match42}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=23 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|score=2–1
|team2=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|goals1=[[Len Aiyappa|Aiyappa]] {{fhgoal|PC|6|PC|58}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/karnataka-punjab.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Harpeet Singh|Harpeet]] {{fhgoal|PC|39}}
|stadium=[[Bangalore Hockey Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|umpires=Satinder Kumar (IND) Marc Knüllei (GER)}}
----
{{Anchor|match43}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=24 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|score=4–4
|team2=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|goals1=[[Affan Yousef|Yousef]] {{fhgoal|FG|40}} [[Sameer Dad|Dad]] {{fhgoal|FG|48}} [[Shailender Bundela|Bundela]] {{fhgoal|PC|60|PC|65}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/bhopal-chandigarh.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Gabbar Singh (field hockey)|Sukhvinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|8|PC|20}} [[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|10}} [[Mohd Amir Khan|M. Amir]] {{fhgoal|FG|30}}
|stadium=[[Aishbagh Stadium]], [[Bhopal]]
|umpires=Paul Ludwig (AUS) Jaspreet Sidhu (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match44}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=24 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|score=3–1
|team2=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|goals1=[[Ravipal Singh|Ravipal]] {{fhgoal|PC|10}} [[Jernail Singh|Jernail]] {{fhgoal|FG|17}} [[Len Aiyappa|Aiyappa]] {{fhgoal|PC|65}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/karnataka-delhi.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Rajpal Singh|Rajpal]] {{fhgoal|FG|51}}
|stadium=[[Bangalore Hockey Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|umpires=Stewart Dearing (AUS) Marc Knüllei (GER)}}
----
{{Anchor|match45}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=25 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|score=2–4
|team2=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|goals1=[[Adam Sinclair (field hockey)|Sinclair]] {{fhgoal|FG|7}} [[Imran Warsi|Warsi]] {{fhgoal|PC|30}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chennai-vs-punjab.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Bikramjit Singh (field hockey)|Bikramjit]] {{fhgoal|PC|12}} [[Harpeet Singh|Harpeet]] {{fhgoal|PC|21}} [[Deepak Thakur|Thakur]] {{fhgoal|FG|42}} [[Gagan Ajit Singh|Gagan Ajit]] {{fhgoal|FG|67}}
|stadium=[[Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
|umpires=Satinder Kumar (IND) A.D. Cariappa (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match46}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=25 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|score=2–1
|team2=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|goals1=[[Affan Yousef|Yousef]] {{fhgoal|FG|13}} [[Ali Khan Mudassar|Mudassar]] {{fhgoal|PC|61}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/bhopal-mumbai.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Sandeep Michearl|Michael]] {{fhgoal|PC|44}}
|stadium=[[Aishbagh Stadium]], [[Bhopal]]
|umpires=Amar Singh Negi (IND) Parnam Singh (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match47}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=26 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|score=0–3
|team2=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|goals1=
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chennai-chandigarh.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Mohd Amir Khan|Khan]] {{fhgoal|FG|2}} [[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|9}} [[Gabbar Singh (field hockey)|Sukhvinder]]{{fhgoal|PS|40}}
|stadium=[[Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
|umpires=Stewart Dearing (AUS) Hardeep Singh Saini (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match48}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=26 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Pune Strykers]]
|score=2–6
|team2=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|goals1=[[Mario Almada (field hockey)|Almada]] {{fhgoal|FG|2}} [[Vikas Pillay|Pillay]] {{fhgoal|PS|43}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/pune-delhi.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Upendra Pillay|Pillay]] {{fhgoal|FG|14}} [[Shakeel Abbasi|Abbasi]] {{fhgoal|FG|20}} [[Vikramjeet Singh|Vikramjeet]] {{fhgoal|PC|25|PC|39}} [[K Victo Singh|K Victo]] {{fhgoal|FG|31|FG|62}}
|stadium=[[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]], [[Pune]]
|umpires=Dominic Savio (IND) Bhupinder Singh (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match49}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=27 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Pune Strykers]]
|score=3–2
|team2=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|goals1=[[Vikas Pillay|Pillay]] {{fhgoal|PS|11}} [[Gurpreet Singh (field hockey)|Gurpreet]] {{fhgoal|PC|28|PC|30}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/pune-punjab.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Bikramjit Singh (field hockey)|Bikramjit]] {{fhgoal|PC|5}} [[Gagan Ajit Singh|Gagan Ajit]] {{fhgoal|PC|62}}
|stadium=[[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]], [[Pune]]
|umpires=Dominic Savio (IND) Marc Knüllei (GER)}}
----
{{Anchor|match50}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=27 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|score=2–5
|team2=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|goals1=[[Waseem Ahmed (field hockey)|Ahmad]] {{fhgoal|PC|43}} [[Laxman Baskaran|Baskaran]] {{fhgoal|PC|49}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/bhopal-karnataka.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Arjun Halappa|Halappa]] {{fhgoal|FG|26}} [[Len Aiyappa|Aiyappa]] {{fhgoal|PC|31|PC|45|PC|50}} [[Naveen Kumar (field hockey)|Naveen]] {{fhgoal|FG|66}}
|stadium=[[Aishbagh Stadium]], [[Bhopal]]
|umpires=Stewart Dearing (AUS) Amar Singh Negi (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match51}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=28 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|score=4–3
|team2=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|goals1=[[Ramandeep Singh (field hockey, born 1993)|Ramandeep]] {{fhgoal|FG|4}} [[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|17}} [[Mohd Amir Khan|M. A. Khan]] {{fhgoal|FG|32}} [[Robert Green (field hockey)|Green]] {{fhgoal|PC|68}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chandigarh-mumbai.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Banmali Xess|Xess]] {{fhgoal|FG|34}} [[Troy Sutherland|Sutherland]] {{fhgoal|FG|50}} [[Ajmer Singh (field hockey)|Ajmer]] {{fhgoal|PS|55}}
|stadium=[[Sector 42 Stadium]], [[Chandigarh]]
|umpires=Dominic Savio (IND) Bhupinder Singh (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match52}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=28 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|score=6–4
|team2=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|goals1=[[Veerasamy Raja|Raja]] {{fhgoal|FG|14}} [[Imran Warsi|Warsi]] {{fhgoal|PC|47|PC|51}} [[Adam Sinclair (field hockey)|Sinclair]] {{fhgoal|FG|63|FG|66}} [[Vikram Pillay|Pillay]] {{fhgoal|FG|65}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chennai-vs-delhi.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Vikramjeet Singh|Vikramjeet]] {{fhgoal|PC|11|PC|27|PC|38|PC|68}}
|stadium=[[Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
|umpires=}}
----
{{Anchor|match53}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=29 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|score=6–1
|team2=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|goals1=[[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|33|PC|56|FG|62|PC|67}} [[Ramandeep Singh (field hockey, born 1993)|Ramandeep]] {{fhgoal|FG|34}} [[Belsajar Horo|Horo]] {{fhgoal|FG|64}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chandigarh-karnataka.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Sandeep Singh|Sandeep]] {{fhgoal|PC|25}}
|stadium=[[Sector 42 Stadium]], [[Chandigarh]]
|umpires=Bhupinder Singh (IND) Marc Knüllei (GER)}}
----
{{Anchor|match54}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=29 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Bhopal Badshahs]]
|score=4–5
|team2=[[Pune Strykers]]
|goals1=[[Waseem Ahmed (field hockey)|Ahmad]] {{fhgoal|FG|5|PS|50}} [[Laxman Baskaran|Baskaran]] {{fhgoal|FG|9}} [[Affan Yousef|Yousef]] {{fhgoal|FG|21}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/bhopal-pune.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Nikkin Thimmaiah|Thimmaiah]] {{fhgoal|FG|10}} [[Simrandeep Randhawa|Randhawa]] {{fhgoal|PC|52|PC|55|PC|60}} [[Birendra Lakra|Lakra]] {{fhgoal|FG|68}}
|stadium=[[Aishbagh Stadium]], [[Bhopal]]
|umpires=Parnam Singh (IND) Jaspreet Sidhu (IND)}}
----
{{Anchor|match55}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=30 March 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Delhi Wizards]]
|score=7–5
|team2=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|goals1=[[K Victo Singh|K Victo]] {{fhgoal|FG|13}} [[Vivek Gupta (field hockey)|Gupta]] {{fhgoal|FG|28}} [[Shakeel Abbasi|Abbasi]] {{fhgoal|FG|37|FG|42|PS|60}} [[Upendra Pillay|Pillay]] {{fhgoal|FG|53}} [[Rajpal Singh|Rajpal]] {{fhgoal|FG|57}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/delhi-punjab.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Gagandeep Singh (field hockey)|Gagandeep]] {{fhgoal|FG|8}} [[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)|Prabhjot]] {{fhgoal|FG|30|FG|67|FG|69}} [[Karamjit Singh (field hockey)|Karamjit]] {{fhgoal|FG|52}}
|stadium=[[Dhyan Chand National Stadium]], [[Delhi]]
|umpires=Paul Ludwig (AUS) Marc Knüllei (GER)}}
----
{{Anchor|match56}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=30 March 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Mumbai Marines]]
|score=4–1
|team2=[[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|goals1=[[Banmali Xess|Xess]] {{fhgoal|FG|3}} [[Ajmer Singh (field hockey)|Ajmer]] {{fhgoal|PS|32}} [[Troy Sutherland|Sutherland]] {{fhgoal|FG|62}} [[Aijub Ekka|Ekka]] {{fhgoal|FG|70}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/mumbai-chennai.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Imran Warsi|Warsi]] {{fhgoal|PC|65}}
|stadium=[[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
|umpires=Stewart Dearing (AUS) Satinder Kumar (IND)}}

===Play-offs===
{{Round4


|April 1–[[Bangalore Hockey Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]|'''[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]'''|'''4'''|[[Karnataka Lions]]|1
|April 1–[[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]|[[Chandigarh Comets]]|4 (2)|'''[[Pune Strykers]]''' (PS)|'''4 (3)'''

|April 2–[[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]|'''[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]'''|'''5'''|[[Pune Strykers]]|2}}

====Semifinals====
{{Anchor|semifinal1}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=1 April 2012
|time=19:00
|team1=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|score=4–1
|team2=[[Karnataka Lions]]
|goals1=[[Matthew Hotchkis|Hotchkis]] {{fhgoal|PC|17}} [[Karamjit Singh (field hockey)|Karamjit]] {{fhgoal|FG|39}} [[Harpeet Singh|Harpeet]] {{fhgoal|PC|60}} [[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)|Prabhjot]] {{fhgoal|FG|68}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/punjab-karnataka-semifinal-1.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Naveen Kumar (field hockey)|Naveen]] {{fhgoal|FG|11}}
|stadium=[[Bangalore Hockey Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|umpires=Amar Singh Negi (IND) Paul Ludwig (AUS)}}
----
{{Anchor|semifinal2}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=1 April 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Chandigarh Comets]]
|score=4–4
|team2=[[Pune Strykers]]
|goals1=[[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder]] {{fhgoal|PC|4}} [[Ramandeep Singh (field hockey, born 1993)|Ramandeep]] {{fhgoal|FG|9}} [[Ajitesh Roy|Roy]] {{fhgoal|FG|39}} [[Rehan Butt|Butt]] {{fhgoal|FG|41}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/chandigarh-pune-semifinal-2.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Roshan Minz|Minz]] {{fhgoal|FG|8}} [[Tyron Pereira|Pereira]] {{fhgoal|PC|46}} [[Bikash Toppo|Toppo]] {{fhgoal|FG|59}} [[Simrandeep Randhawa|Randhawa]] {{fhgoal|PC|70}}
|stadium=[[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
|umpires=Dominic Savio (IND) Stewart Dearing (AUS)
|penalties1=[[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder]] {{fhps|g}} [[Bharat Chhikara|Chhikara]] {{fhps|g}} [[Ramandeep Singh (field hockey, born 1993)|Ramandeep]] {{fhps|m}} [[Gabbar Singh (field hockey)|Sukhwinder]] {{fhps|m}} [[Rehan Butt|Butt]] {{fhps|m}}
|penaltyscore=2–3
|penalties2={{fhps|m}} [[Roshan Minz|Minz]] {{fhps|g}} [[Mario Almada (field hockey)|Almada]] {{fhps|g}} [[Bikash Toppo|Toppo]] {{fhps|g}} [[Nikkin Thimmaiah|Thimmaiah]]}}

====Final====
{{Anchor|final}}{{fieldhockeybox
|date=2 April 2012
|time=21:00
|team1=[[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|score=5–2
|team2=[[Pune Strykers]]
|goals1=[[V.S. Vinaya|Vinaya]] {{fhgoal|PC|6}} [[Deepak Thakur|Thakur]] {{fhgoal|FG|32}} [[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)|Prabhjot]] {{fhgoal|FG|47|FG|67}} [[Harpeet Singh|Harpeet]] {{fhgoal|PC|57}}
|report=[http://www.worldserieshockey.com/punjab-vs-pune-final.aspx Report]
|goals2=[[Tyron Pereira|Pereira]] {{fhgoal|FG|4}} [[Simrandeep Randhawa|Randhawa]] {{fhgoal|PC|70}}
|stadium=[[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
|umpires=Paul Ludwig (AUS) Stewart Dearing (AUS)}}


The final of World Series Hockey was held in front of the capacity crowd at the [[Mahindra Hockey Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]. [[Pune Strykers]] got into early lead when Tyron Pereira's cross creeped in during the 4th minute of the game. Pune's joy was short-lived as V.S. Vinaya neutralized off their first penalty corner a minute later. [[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)|Prabhjot Singh]] and [[Deepak Thakur]] led Punjab's attacks and were awarded with couple of penalty corners but could not be converted. Few close shots were saved by the goal-keeper Gurpreet Guri Singh. Attacks on the other end were made by Argentine recruit [[Mario Almada (field hockey)|Mario Almada]], Roshan Minz, Nikkin Thimmiah and Bikash Topo. Second quarter seemed like taking a goalless path before Deepak Thakur broke the deadlock between the sides by slotting in off a reverse stick just before the half time and Punjab saw themselves riding on a slender lead (2–1).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report_world-series-hockey-shers-roar-in-the-final-to-emerge-champions_1670763|work=[[DNA India]]|title=Shers roar in the final to emerge champions}}</ref>

The first half saw an evenly contested match but the second half was completely dominated by Punjab. Skipper Prabhjot Singh in the 47th minute gave Punjab a two-goal cushion with a reverse-stick over Pune before the end off the third quarter. Sher-e-Punjab continued the tempo in the 4th quarter with Punjab's penalty-corner specialist Harpeet Singh converted off a penalty corner with a drag-flick. Known as the comeback kings, Strykers' all efforts were prevented by some robust defending by Punjab. A solo effort by the Prabhjot put Punjab into an unassailable 5–1 lead with four minutes left, who added 10th goal to his season's tally, and confirmed that his team as the champions. Simrandeep Randhawa added a consolation goal to Pune's tally by converting a penalty corner in the last minute and the match ended with Sher-e-Jalandhar 5, Pune Strykers 2 making Sher-e-Punjab the winners of the first WSH.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/world-series-hockey/Sher-e-Punjab-beat-Pune-Strykers-to-win-inaugural-World-Series-Hockey-tournament/articleshow/12510282.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|title=Sher-e-Punjab beat Pune Strykers to win inaugural World Series Hockey tournament|first=Satya|last=Siddharth Rath|date=3 April 2012|accessdate=25 August 2022}}</ref>

==Awards==
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center; border:none"
|-
!width=140|Rockstar
!rowspan="3" width="5" style="border:none; background:white" |
!width=140|Superstar
!rowspan="3" width="5" style="border:none; background:white" |
!width=140|Game Changer
!rowspan="3" width="5" style="border:none; background:white" |
!width=140|Rookie of the Year
!rowspan="3" width="5" style="border:none; background:white" |
!width=140|Balkrishan Award
!rowspan="3" width="5" style="border:none; background:white" |
|-
|'''Gurjinder Singh''' ([[Chandigarh Comets]])
|'''Roshan Minz''' ([[Pune Strykers]])
|'''[[Shakeel Abbasi]]''' ([[Delhi Wizards]])
|'''Lalit Upadhayay''' ([[Bhopal Badshahs]])
|'''Rajinder Singh Sr.''' ([[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]])
|}

==Statistics==

===Leading goalscorers===
{| class=wikitable
!Rank
!Player
!Team
!Goals<ref>{{cite web|title=World Series Hockey Top Scorers|url=http://www.worldserieshockey.com/TopScorers.aspx|work=World Series Hockey}}</ref>
|- style="background:gold;"
|rowspan="2"|1
|[[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder Singh]]
|{{color box|orange}} [[Chandigarh Comets]]
|19
|- style="background:gold;"
|[[Imran Warsi]]
|{{color box|purple}} [[Chennai Cheetahs]]
|19
|-
|3
|[[Len Aiyappa]]
|{{color box|yellow}} [[Karnataka Lions]]
|13
|-
|rowspan="3"|4
|[[Deepak Thakur]]
|{{color box|#8B0000}} [[Sher-e-Punjab (field hockey team)|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|12
|-
|[[Gurpreet Singh (field hockey)|Gurpreet Singh]]
|{{color box|green}} [[Pune Strykers]]
|12
|-
|[[Vikramjeet Singh]]
|{{color box|red}} [[Delhi Wizards]]
|12
|}

===Hat-tricks===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Player
!For
!Against
!Result
!Report
|-
|[[Joga Singh]]
|Mumbai Marines
|Pune Strykers
|align="center"|5–7
|align="center"|[[#match3|Match 3]]
|-
|[[Gurpreet Singh (field hockey)|Gurpreet Singh]]4
|Pune Strykers
|Mumbai Marines
|align="center"|7–5
|align="center"|[[#match3|Match 3]]
|-
|[[Imran Warsi]]
|Chennai Cheetahs
|Chandigarh Comets
|align="center"|5–3
|align="center"|[[#match7|Match 7]]
|-
|[[Len Aiyappa]]
|Karnataka Lions
|Chandigarh Comets
|align="center"|3–2
|align="center"|[[#match14|Match 14]]
|-
|[[Ravipal Singh]]
|Karnataka Lions
|Chennai Cheetahs
|align="center"|5–3
|align="center"|[[#match21|Match 21]]
|-
|[[Deepak Thakur]]
|Sher-e-Punjab
|Chandigarh Comets
|align="center"|5–2
|align="center"|[[#match31|Match 31]]
|-
|[[Len Aiyappa]]
|Karnataka Lions
|Bhopal Badshahs
|align="center"|5–2
|align="center"|[[#match50|Match 50]]
|-
|[[Vikramjeet Singh]]4
|Delhi Wizards
|Chennai Cheetahs
|align="center"|4–6
|align="center"|[[#match52|Match 52]]
|-
|[[Gurjinder Singh (field hockey)|Gurjinder Singh]]4
|Chandigarh Comets
|Karnataka Lions
|align="center"|6–1
|align="center"|[[#match53|Match 53]]
|-
|[[Simrandeep Singh]]
|Pune Strykers
|Bhopal Badshahs
|align="center"|5–4
|align="center"|[[#match54|Match 54]]
|-
|[[Shakeel Abbasi]]
|Delhi Wizards
|Sher-e-Punjab
|align="center"|7–5
|align="center"|[[#match55|Match 55]]
|-
|[[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)|Prabhjot Singh]]
|Sher-e-Punjab
|Delhi Wizards
|align="center"|5–7
|align="center"|[[#match55|Match 55]]
|}
:4 Player scored 4 goals

==See also==
* [[World Series Hockey]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{World Series Hockey}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:World Series Hockey}}
[[Category:World Series Hockey seasons|2012]]
[[Category:2012 in field hockey]]
[[Category:2012 in Indian sport]]

1916 in India

2026-02-15T08:02:32Z

RondaWaddell840: formatting fix

{{short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Year in India|1916}}
Events in the year '''1916 in India'''.

==Incumbents==
* [[Emperor of India]] – [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]]
* Viceroy of India – [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst]]
* Viceroy of India – [[Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford]] (from 4 April)

==Events==
* National income - {{INR}}17,087 million
* [[Indian National Congress Party]] hammer out an alliance – the [[Lucknow Pact]] – with [[All-India Muslim League]]

==Law==
*Indian Medical Degrees Act
*Hindu Disposition of Property Act<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/2357?view_type=search&sam_handle=123456789/1362 |title= Hindu Disposition of Property Act |date= |website= India Code|publisher= |access-date=29 March 2022 }}</ref>

==Births==
*13 February – [[Jagjit Singh Aurora]], military commander (died [[2005 in India|2005]]).
*21 March – [[Bismillah Khan]], [[shehnai]] musician and [[Bharat Ratna]] winner (died [[2006 in India|2006]]).
*23 March – [[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]], former General Secretary of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (died [[2008 in India|2008]]).
*8 May – [[Chinmayananda]], spiritual leader (died [[1993 in India|1993]]).
*16 September – [[M. S. Subbulakshmi]], [[Carnatic music|Carnatic singer]] (died [[2004 in India|2004]]).
*25 September – [[Deen Dayal Upadhyaya]], [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] (died [[11 February 1968 in India|1968]])
*10 October – [[Samar Sen (poet)|Samar Sen]], Marxist poet (died 1987)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sen, Samar |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Sen,_Samar |website=Banglapedia}}</ref>
*12 December - [[Charan Singh (Sant)|Maharaj Charan Singh]], Fourth Satguru of Radha Soami Satsang Beas (died 1 June 1990).

===Full date unknown===
*[[Kanan Devi]], actress and singer (died [[1992 in India|1992]]).

==Deaths==
{{main|Deaths in 1916}}
{{Further|Category:1916 deaths}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{India year nav}}
{{Year in Asia|1916}}
[[Category:1916 in India| ]]
[[Category:1916 by country|India]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in India]]
[[Category:1916 in Asia]]
[[Category:1910s in India]]

{{India-year-stub}}

Pawanexh Kohli

2026-02-09T06:07:58Z

RondaWaddell840: Added Details

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Captain and Professor
| name = Pawanexh Kohli
| image = File:Exemplary Thought Leader award.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Pawanexh Kohli receiving Exemplary Thought Leader Award, New Delhi, 2012
| birth_date = May 1963
| birth_place = [[Ludhiana]], ([[Punjab, India]])
| citizenship = [[India]]n
| known_for = Founding CEO of [[National Centre for Cold-chain Development]] (NCCD)
| occupation = Agribusiness strategy, cold chain, food loss and economics
| awards =
}}
'''Pawanexh Kohli''' is the founding Chief Executive of India's [[National Centre for Cold-chain Development]] (NCCD),<ref name="PPShift">{{cite web|url=http://epaper.business-standard.com/bsepaper/pdf/2013/07/16/20130716aC002101.pdf|title=Business Standard News Article|accessdate=16 July 2013}}</ref> the premier think-tank in agri-logistics set up in [[public-private-partnership]] mode in 2012, and from 2012 to 2020 was the Chief Advisor to Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.

==Early life==
Born to an [[Indian Air Force]] officer, he accompanied his parents with their postings at various Indian cities. As a consequence, his education was cross cultural and spread across various regions in India and the schools he studied in include Frank Anthony School in [[Agra]], Bishops School in [[Pune]], Jesus and Mary School in [[Amritsar]] before completing his high schooling from [[The Air Force School (Subroto Park)|The Air Force School]] in [[New Delhi]]. He subsequently completed his professional education from [[Lal Bahadur Shastri College of Advanced Maritime Studies and Research|LBS College of Advanced Maritime Studies and Research]] as a certified Master Mariner, having earlier completed his professional training at the [[Training Ship Rajendra|TS Rajendra]].

==Career==
In 1982, Kohli commenced his career as a [[merchant mariner|mariner]] and was later master of oceangoing ships for the final 15 years. Amongst others, he was the [[Master mariner|master]] and [[Captain (nautical)|captain]] of one of the world's largest refrigerated cross-ocean carriers ([[reefer ship]]s). Besides refrigerated transportation, he also directed or operated [[car carrier]]s, [[oil tankers]], [[container ships]], ice-class [[General cargo ship|general cargo]]carriers, timber carriers and others.

Between 2008 and 2012 Capt. Kohli contributed through professional executive roles as the prime mover in one of the largest logistics and distribution companies in India and later for the integration of the largest logistics & supply chain infrastructure enterprises, heading the development of solutions to drive a pan-national footprint of India's first set of [[Free trade zone|Free Trade Zones]].


In 2012 he was asked by the Government of India to help incubate the [[National Centre for Cold-chain Development]] (NCCD) as its Chief Advisor. He agreed to provide such service pro bono for one year. However, shortly thereafter, this body was restructured and in 2014, he was appointed on tenure as its founding Chief Executive Officer. He was then accorded entitlements equivalent to those of Joint Secretary in Government of India. He continued as the CEO of NCCD until demitting office in 2020. In this period, he concurrently served as the Chief Advisor to the Agriculture Ministry to guide initiatives related to post harvest management and agricultural supply chain. Nevertheless, with onset of COVID-19, he continued to support, through ad hoc advice, on various assessments in regards to vaccine distribution.

At NCCD, Kohli had key involvement in rationalizing and revising the cold chain support mechanism and various other related schemes to promote and encourage cold chain development. He also was prime mover in establishing a historic MoU of cooperation in cold chain between nodal Indian and French organisations. He was the French Government's guest of honor and represented India at the International Conference on Sustainable Cold Chain in Paris (April 2013).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ubifrance.com/in/Posts-7047-An-Indo-French-agreement-to-reinforce-cooperation-in-the-cold-chain-expertise|title=An Indo-French agreement to reinforce cooperation in the cold chain expertise|access-date=6 October 2013|archive-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610224400/http://www.ubifrance.com/in/Posts-7047-An-Indo-French-agreement-to-reinforce-cooperation-in-the-cold-chain-expertise|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prlog.org/12108276-india-is-guest-of-honor-at-international-cold-chain-conference-in-paris.html|title=India is Guest of Honor at International Cold chain Conference in Paris}}</ref> In July 2015 he was invited as a global expert to speak on the Global Food Crisis at the [[House of Lords]] in UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranisingh/2015/08/12/without-cooling-most-modern-society-would-crumble-says-cold-chain-expert-pawanexh-kohli|title=Without Cooling, Most Modern Society Would Crumble}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dearman.co.uk/#!Sustainably-Meeting-the-Global-Food-Crisis/ccrp/558a742d0cf20d45521c45c1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016011154/http://www.dearman.co.uk/#!Sustainably-Meeting-the-Global-Food-Crisis/ccrp/558a742d0cf20d45521c45c1|url-status=usurped|archive-date=16 October 2015|title=Sustainably Meeting the Global Food Crisis}}</ref> He was regularly invited to lecture at the national academy for Indian administration services and the National Defence College from 2017 to 2022.

Kohli was a member of various national committees and councilor to industry organisations and is [[chairman]] of the national Committee on Supply chain and Logistics,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nhm.nic.in/NCCD/Committees.html |title=Committees in NCCD |accessdate=12 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818012730/http://nhm.nic.in/NCCD/Committees.html |archivedate=18 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crosstree.info/Documents/LT-Aug12-Report.pdf|title=Cold Chain draws Govt attention (New Initiative)|date=August 2012}}</ref> the first such committee set up with a focus on the supply chain by the government. He also co-chaired committees on Human Resource Development and Research & Development for cold chain. He was the principal member of the Indian government's Committee for Doubling Farmers' Income, set up in 2016, where his innovative percepts provoked a paradigm shift in how agricultural supply chain systems are understood. He has authored a number of policy documents and a key contributor to many game changing policies in the cold chain domain. His status as a [[thought leader]] is acknowledged in various Task Forces and Committees on agricultural marketing and logistics. The various critical revisions he brought to the country's policies on cold chain and Acts in respect to agri-logistics. His actions inspired the [[National Archives of India|National Archives]] to place the history of the yet fledgling NCCD on record, in 2018.

In 2018, the [[University of Birmingham]] conferred Kohli the title of Honorary Professor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/latest/2018/11/cold-chain-expert-appointed-to-professorship.aspx|title=University of Birmingham appoints Indian cold chain expert to professorship|date=November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessworld.in/article/UK-university-appoints-Indian-cold-chain-expert-as-honorary-professor/13-11-2018-164065|title=UK University Appoints Indian Cold Chain Expert As Honorary Professor|date=13 November 2018}}</ref> After leading NCCD for eight years, on 31 January 2020, Kohli demitted office of CEO of NCCD and resigned from position of Chief Advisor to Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare of India.<ref>{{cite web|title = CEO NCCD demits office|url = http://NCCD.gov.in/Objective.htmlhttps://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/nccd-ceo-pawanexh-kohli-to-demit-office-a-few-days-before-term-ends-120013100090_1.html|publisher = Business Standard newspaper}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Open Letter of Farewell by CEO | url = https://www.facebook.com/NCCD.India/posts/1372323469596499|publisher=National Centre for Cold-chain Development}}</ref>
After demitting office, Kohli has been Senior Advisor to the Asian Development Bank and as Senior Advisor to the United Nations to guide initiatives in their Environment Programme and for [[cold chain]] development that focuses on uplifting smallholder farmers. He was also among those who provided relevant strategies, during the Covid19 pandemic, for vaccine distribution.

==Honors and awards==
In December 2010 he was acknowledged in his individual capacity, as the "Cold Chain Personality of the Year"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpmg.com/IN/en/Press%20Release/Excellence_in_Food_Business-Emerging_Landscape.pdf|title=KPMG Food Excellence Awards}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fnbnews.com/article/detarchive.asp?articleid=29069&sectionid=32 |title=Pawanexh Kohli is "Cold Chain Personality of the Year" (FNB News) |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610221310/http://www.fnbnews.com/article/detarchive.asp?articleid=29069&sectionid=32 |archivedate=2015-06-10 }}</ref> by an expert panel hosted by KPMG-Supply Chain Leadership Council. The award was in appreciation for individual contributions to the industry and for aligning focus on the socio-economic fabric in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crosstree.info/Documents/Excellence_in_Food_Business_Criteria_2.pdf|title=Cold chain Personality Award Criteria}}</ref>

In 2012 he was applauded with the "[[Thought leadership|Exemplary Thought Leadership Award]]" by the ICE Centre of Excellence in India. In 2014 he won the prestigious [[Agribusiness]] Leadership Award at the annual Agriculture Leadership Summit in New Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiagri.in/read-on.aspx?id=6632|title=Kohli bags Agriculture Leadership Award 2014}}</ref> In 2016, ISHRAE lauded him as honorary lifetime member, their first ever. He is expert member of the Empowered Committee in the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy for implementation of Montreal Protocol and on the Global Advisory Committee of the [[International Solar Alliance]] (ISA)

In India, he is recognised as one among the few eminent persons from the private sector who have shifted over to public service by taking on specialist advisory roles in government.<ref name="PPShift" /> His authored documents are frequently cited in the cold chain domain. He is recipient of various recognition and achievement awards from the cold chain industry in India.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ruralmarketing.in/interview/agriculture/cold-chain-can-empower-producers Cold Chain Can Empower Producers]
* [http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/faster-movement-of-refrigerated-vans-on-anvil-113063000297_1 Faster movement of refrigerated vans on anvil] (Business Standard News Article)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140415122406/http://www.asianfoodreg.com/blog/?p=797 Cold Chain in India], Asian Food Regulation Information Service
* [http://newsletter.ciilogistics.com/june2011/3w/nlfull.htm#article CII Institute of logistics] (Article on Cold chain)
* [http://www.fruitnet.com/eurofruit/article/15538/india-perishables-supply-chain-failing India perishables supply chain "failing"] (October 2012 at Cool Logistics Global)
* [http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=69880 'RVC to help in removing bottlenecks to curb perishable goods prices']
* [http://www.i-newswire.com/india-s-national-centre-for-cold/189513 Newswire Release]
* [http://www.prlog.org/12113556-nccd-india-and-cemafroid-france-sign-mou-for-cold-chain-development.html NCCD (India) and Cemafroid (France) sign MOU for Cold-chain Development]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131006233831/http://www.energycentre.in/about.html Energy Centre - RGREP of HAREDA]
* [http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/logistics/supply-gap-high-in-refrigerated-vans-pack-houses-ncccd/article6622250.ece Supply gap high in refrigerated vans, pack houses: NCCD]
* [http://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/news/Newssearch.aspx?newsid=17530&Date=15Sep2014 Government launches toll free number for perishable food transporters]
* [http://www.ruralmarketing.in/news/agriculture/nabard-nccd-to-streamline-cold-chain-infra-development Nabard, NCCD to streamline cold chain infra development]
* [https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranisingh/2015/07/16/indias-cold-chain-needs-to-get-moving Effective Cold chains help Productivity]
* [http://www.indiancooperative.com/agriculture-2/refrigerated-transport-balyan-for-farm-to-fork-connectivity Refrigerated transport: Balyan for farm-to-fork connectivity]
* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/marc-van-ameringen/the-middle-class-are-urba_b_8243066.html The Middle Class Are Urbanizing at a Rapid Speed, Can the Global Food System Keep Up?]
* [http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=126641 In Future, Development Focus Needs to be More on Modern Pack-Houses and Refrigerated Transport]
* [http://www.ruralmarketing.in/news/agriculture/nccd-report-highlights-missing-links-in-agri-logistics NCCD report highlights missing links in agri-logistics]
* [https://indiacsr.in/cooling-for-community-living/ Community Cooling Concept by Pawanexh Kohli]
* [https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/post-covid-19-dont-go-back-to-old-ways-but-look-at-rural-india-more-seriously-says-ex-ceo-nccd Post-COVID 19: Don’t go back to old ways, says ex-CEO NCCD]
* [https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/world/coronavirus-pandemic-countries-must-prepare-sustainable-logistics-to-deliver-covid-19-vaccine-expert-5082711.html Coronavirus pandemic | Countries must prepare sustainable logistics to deliver COVID-19 vaccine]
* [https://www.eco-business.com/opinion/prepare-now-to-sustainably-deliver-the-covid-19-vaccine/ Prepare now to sustainably deliver the Covid-19 vaccine]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kohli, Pawanexh}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People in agriculture]]
[[Category:Indian business theorists]]
[[Category:Development specialists]]
[[Category:Sea captains]]
[[Category:Scholars from Ludhiana]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:Indian agricultural economists]]

Tina Datta

2026-02-08T19:19:57Z

RondaWaddell840:

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1991)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tina Datta
| image = Tina Datta snapped by paparazi in Goregaon.jpg
| caption = Datta in 2023
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|11|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| education = {{ubl|[[Meghmala Roy Education Center]]|St. Paul's Boarding and Day School|[[University of Calcutta]]}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tina Datta: Here's everything you need to know about the Bigg Boss 16 contestant|url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/culture/entertainment/tina-datta-in-bigg-boss-16-everything-you-need-to-know/|website=Lifestyle Asia India|language=en-US|access-date=20 November 2022|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120095021/https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/culture/entertainment/tina-datta-in-bigg-boss-16-everything-you-need-to-know/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1996–present
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Uttaran]]''|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 16)|Bigg Boss 16]]''}}
}}

'''Tina Datta''' ({{IPA|bn|ˈʈina ˈɖɔʈʈa|pron}}; born 27 November 1986)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Birthday Tina Datta: 5 Lesser known facts about the Bigg Boss 16 contestant |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/happy-birthday-tina-datta-5-lesser-known-facts-about-the-bigg-boss-16-contestant-1200687 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-date=19 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219132548/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/happy-birthday-tina-datta-5-lesser-known-facts-about-the-bigg-boss-16-contestant-1200687 |url-status=live }}</ref> is an Indian actress known primarily for her work in [[Hindi Cinema|Hindi]] television. Datta rose to fame with her portrayal of Ichcha Singh Bundela in ''[[Uttaran]]''. She went on to participate in stunt-based reality show ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 7]]'' and reality series ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 16|Bigg Boss 16]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tina Datta says she came on board Bigg Boss 16' only for 'Salman Khan sir'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tina-datta-says-she-came-on-board-bigg-boss-16-only-for-salman-sir/articleshow/94967382.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=18 November 2022|archive-date=18 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118071135/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tina-datta-says-she-came-on-board-bigg-boss-16-only-for-salman-sir/articleshow/94967382.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Datta was born in [[Kolkata]] on 27 November 1986 to Madhumita Datta and Tapan Datta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Social media is good for business but you need to handle trolls: Tina Datta|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/my-life-in-kolkata-is-all-about-eat-sleep-and-repeat-tina-datta/articleshow/83185951.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=24 December 2022|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224121316/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/my-life-in-kolkata-is-all-about-eat-sleep-and-repeat-tina-datta/articleshow/83185951.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> She has an elder brother named Debraj.

She's an avid yoga and pilates enthusiast.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fitness inspo from Big Boss 16 contestant Tina Datta |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/web-stories/fitness-inspo-from-big-boss-16-contestant-tina-datta/photostory/94664488.cms|website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> During the [[COVID-19 lockdowns|COVID-19 lockdown]], she decided to switch her routine from functional weight training to yoga.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=International Day of Yoga: Tina Datta says yoga has calmed her down, 'I had a lot of stress, anger and anxiety within, that's in control now' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/international-dayof-yoga-tinaa-dattaa-says-yoga-has-calmed-her-down-i-had-a-lot-of-stress-anger-and-anxiety-within-that-s-in-control-now/story-xGIZl7k0XU7lk0oRDVqqML.html |access-date= |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219100633/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/international-dayof-yoga-tinaa-dattaa-says-yoga-has-calmed-her-down-i-had-a-lot-of-stress-anger-and-anxiety-within-that-s-in-control-now/story-xGIZl7k0XU7lk0oRDVqqML.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, the actress is well versed in pole dancing and kickboxing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tina Datta shares her secret of being fit and reveals she loves eating |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/videos/tv-news/tina-datta-shares-her-secret-of-being-fit-and-reveals-she-loves-eating-video-88120050 |website=Zoom TV |language=en |access-date=24 December 2022 |archive-date=24 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224122334/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/videos/tv-news/tina-datta-shares-her-secret-of-being-fit-and-reveals-she-loves-eating-video-88120050 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
===Child artist and early roles (1996–2008)===
Datta made her debut at the age of five with the show ''Sister Nivedita''.<ref name="datesrk">{{cite news|title='I've dreamt of going on a date with SRK'|url= http://www.thestatesman.net/news/40511--I-ve-dreamt-of-going-on-a-date-with-SRK-.html?page=1|work=The Statesman| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006170710/http://www.thestatesman.net/news/40511--I-ve-dreamt-of-going-on-a-date-with-SRK-.html?page=1 | archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref> A year later, she made her film debut as a child artist with the [[Bengali Language|Bengali]] film ''Pita Maata Santan''.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date= |title=Tina Datta's career timeline; Uttaran to Bigg Boss 16 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/photos/entertainment-tina-datta-career-timeline-uttaran-to-bigg-boss-16-latest-tv-news-2023-01-27-842784 |access-date= |website=India TV |language=en |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128184129/https://www.indiatvnews.com/photos/entertainment-tina-datta-career-timeline-uttaran-to-bigg-boss-16-latest-tv-news-2023-01-27-842784 |url-status=live }}</ref> She went on to act in many Bengali films some of which are ''Dus Number Bari'' and ''Sagarkanya''. She has also acted in several Bengali television series one of which being ''Khela''. Datta starred in [[Rituparno Ghosh]]'s film ''[[Chokher Bali (2003 film)|Chokher Bali]]'' alongside [[Aishwarya Rai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tina Datta: Had done prominent work like Chokher Bali, Parineeta back home in Kolkata, but it was Uttaran that put me on the map |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-tina-datta-had-done-prominent-shows-like-chokher-bali-parineeta-back-home-in-kolkata-but-it-was-uttaran-that-put-me-on-the-map/articleshow/93883864.cms |access-date= |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=20 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120092755/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-tina-datta-had-done-prominent-shows-like-chokher-bali-parineeta-back-home-in-kolkata-but-it-was-uttaran-that-put-me-on-the-map/articleshow/93883864.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> She further played young Lalita in [[Vidya Balan]] and [[Saif Ali Khan]]'s 2005 cult movie ''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Did you know Bigg Boss 16 contestant Tina Datta made her Bollywood debut alongside Vidya Balan in Parineeta?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/did-you-know-bigg-boss-16-contestant-tina-datta-made-her-bollywood-debut-alongside-vidya-balan-in-parineeta/articleshow/94791287.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=20 November 2022|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120093117/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/did-you-know-bigg-boss-16-contestant-tina-datta-made-her-bollywood-debut-alongside-vidya-balan-in-parineeta/articleshow/94791287.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Datta auditioned for the role of in Kolkata and [[Pradeep Sarkar]], who was looking for a Bengali face to play the role really liked her and said she was perfect for the role.<ref name="25l">{{cite news|title=Producers owe me 25 lakh: Tina Datta|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Producers-owe-me-25-lakh-Tina-Dutta/articleshow/19538050.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=28 September 2014|archive-date=12 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812003053/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Producers-owe-me-25-lakh-Tina-Dutta/articleshow/19538050.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, she starred in the [[Bengali Language|Bengali]] [[mythology]] drama television series ''[[Durga (TV series)|Durga]]'' where she played Kumkum Roy Choudhary.

===Breakthrough and recognition (2009–2021)===

From 2009 to 2015, Datta starred as Ichcha Bundela and Meethi Bundela opposite [[Nandish Sandhu]] and [[Mrunal Jain]] in ''[[Uttaran]]'', the [[List of longest-running Indian television series of Colors TV|third longest-running Indian television series of Colors TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttaran completes 1400 episodes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/uttaran-completes-1400-episodes/articleshow/36491012.cms |access-date= |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119100258/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/uttaran-completes-1400-episodes/articleshow/36491012.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Her performance earned her widespread acclaim and several accolades including the [[Producers Guild Awards|Producers Guild Award]] for Best Actress in a Drama Series.<ref name="insecure">{{cite news|title=I have never been insecure: Tina Datta|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-have-never-been-insecure-tina-dutta-1761313|work=DNA India|access-date=28 September 2014|archive-date=23 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023044517/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-have-never-been-insecure-tina-dutta-1761313|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2016, she participated in [[Colors TV]]'s stunt-based reality show ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 7]]'' where she finished at the 12th position.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet the contestants of Khatron Ke Khiladi 7|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/meet-the-contestants-of-khatron-ke-khiladi-7/20151029.htm|website=[[Rediff]]|access-date=18 November 2022|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114001612/https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/report/meet-the-contestants-of-khatron-ke-khiladi-7/20151029.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> From 2017 to 2018, Datta played [[Manda (Goddess)|Dhamini]] in the [[mythology]] drama ''[[Karmaphal Daata Shani]]''. From 2018 to 2019, she portrayed Jhanvi Mourya and Kundani Roy in [[&TV]]'s [[paranormal romance]] drama series ''[[Daayan (TV series)|Daayan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tina Datta: Ratta queen is my nickname on the sets of Daayan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tinaa-dattaa-ratta-queen-is-my-nickname-on-the-sets-of-daayan/articleshow/70409498.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=14 January 2023 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114121410/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tinaa-dattaa-ratta-queen-is-my-nickname-on-the-sets-of-daayan/articleshow/70409498.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2020, she played Ketki Maheshwari opposite [[Rajeev Khandelwal]] in [[ZEE5]]'s [[crime thriller]] web series ''[[Naxalbari (TV series)|Naxalbari]]'' which revolves around an [[Special Task Force (India)|STF]] agent who goes on a mission to suppress the revival of a [[Naxalite|Naxal]] uprising in [[Gadchiroli]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naxalbari trailer: Rajeev, Tina Datta's never-seen-before avatar|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/Naxalbari-trailer-Rajeev-Khandelwal-Tina-Dattas-intense-action-will-leave-you-by-the-edge-of-your-seat-23076221|website=Mid-day|access-date=18 November 2022|archive-date=18 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118072442/https://www.mid-day.com/amp/entertainment/web-series/article/Naxalbari-trailer-Rajeev-Khandelwal-Tina-Dattas-intense-action-will-leave-you-by-the-edge-of-your-seat-23076221|url-status=live}}</ref> She won the Global Fame Award for Best OTT Debut for her portrayal in the series.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tina Dutta Wins OTT Debut Award for her Performance in Naxalbari |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/tina-dutta-wins-ott-debut-award-for-her-performance-in-naxalbari-4829690.html |website=News18 |language=en |access-date=18 November 2022 |archive-date=18 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118072443/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/tina-dutta-wins-ott-debut-award-for-her-performance-in-naxalbari-4829690.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021, Datta made her music video debut by starring in [[Mika Singh]]'s Bengali song ''Durga Maa Elo Re''.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Tina Datta's career timeline; Uttaran to Bigg Boss 16 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/photos/entertainment-tina-datta-career-timeline-uttaran-to-bigg-boss-16-latest-tv-news-2023-01-27-842784 |website=India TV |language=en |access-date=28 January 2023 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128184129/https://www.indiatvnews.com/photos/entertainment-tina-datta-career-timeline-uttaran-to-bigg-boss-16-latest-tv-news-2023-01-27-842784 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===''Bigg Boss'' and further work (2022–present)===

From 2022 to 2023, she participated in [[Colors TV]]'s captive reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 16|Bigg Boss 16]].''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16's Tina Datta on staying away from TV for so long: 'When you have a good bank balance, you can be picky' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tina-datta-bigg-boss-16-on-staying-away-from-tv-good-bank-balance-can-be-picky-8215855/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |access-date=18 November 2022 |archive-date=18 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118072458/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tina-datta-bigg-boss-16-on-staying-away-from-tv-good-bank-balance-can-be-picky-8215855/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She finished at the eighth place after spending 119 days in the house.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16': Tina Datta bids farewell to the season tonight |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/bigg-boss-16-tina-datta-bids-farewell-to-the-season-tonight-23267740 |access-date= |website=Mid-day |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128183830/https://www.mid-day.com/amp/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/bigg-boss-16-tina-datta-bids-farewell-to-the-season-tonight-23267740 |url-status=live }}</ref> Datta was the second highest paid contestant of the season.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 16: Sumbul Touqeer-Tina Datta are highest paid inmates this season; read what each contestant earns per week |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-bigg-boss-16-sumbul-touqeer-tina-datta-are-highest-paid-inmates-this-season-read-what-each-contestant-earns-3017553 |website=DNA India |access-date=17 January 2023 |archive-date=17 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117125814/https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-bigg-boss-16-sumbul-touqeer-tina-datta-are-highest-paid-inmates-this-season-read-what-each-contestant-earns-3017553 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, she portrayed Surili Ahuja Banerjee in [[Sony TV]]'s ''[[Hum Rahe Na Rahe Hum]]'' opposite [[Jay Bhanushali]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Hum Rahe Na Rahe Hum explores the chemistry of Tina Datta and Jay Bhanushali in this new promo |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/hum-rahe-na-rahe-hum-explores-chemistry-tina-datta-jay-bhanushali-new-promo/ |access-date= |website=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312085709/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/hum-rahe-na-rahe-hum-explores-chemistry-tina-datta-jay-bhanushali-new-promo/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Media image==
Datta was ranked 19th in ''[[Times of India]]''{{'}}s Most Desirable Women on Television List 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meet-the-times-20-most-desirable-women-on-television-2019/articleshow/77935861.cms|title=Meet the Times 20 Most Desirable Women on Television 2019|website=The Times of India|access-date=14 November 2022|archive-date=8 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908011328/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meet-the-times-20-most-desirable-women-on-television-2019/articleshow/77935861.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2023, Datta walked as a showstopper for Shivayu at Jaipur Couture Week and Eunoia at the Pune Times Fashion Week.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tina Datta owns the ramp at Pune Times Fashion Week 2023 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/shows/tina-datta-owns-the-ramp-at-pune-times-fashion-week-2023/articleshow/99221394.cms |access-date= |issn= |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404112232/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/shows/tina-datta-owns-the-ramp-at-pune-times-fashion-week-2023/articleshow/99221394.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Ref.
|-
| 1997
| ''Pita Maata Santan''
| rowspan="2" | Child artist
| rowspan="3" |[[Bengali Language|Bengali]]
|
|-
| 2003
| ''Tharak''
|
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Chokher Bali (2003 film)|Chokher Bali]]''
| Manorama
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sometimes you can be in a show for barely a few episodes and yet leave a mark: Tina Datta |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sometimes-you-can-be-in-a-show-for-barely-a-few-episodes-and-yet-leave-a-mark-tina-datta/articleshow/87846515.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=19 January 2023 |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119094728/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sometimes-you-can-be-in-a-show-for-barely-a-few-episodes-and-yet-leave-a-mark-tina-datta/articleshow/87846515.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]''
| Young Lalita Roy
| [[Hindi Cinema|Hindi]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Chirodini Tumi Je Amar]]''
| Priyanka
| [[Bengali Language|Bengali]]
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 1994
| ''Sister Nivedita''
|
| Child Artist
|
|-
| 2007
| ''Khela''
| Hiya / Saira
|
|
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Durga (TV series)|Durga]]''
| Kumkum Roy Choudhary
| Bengali Debut
|
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Koi Aane Ko Hai]]''
| Paromita Roy
| Hindi Debut
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| 2009–2013
| rowspan = "2" |''[[Uttaran]]''
| Ichcha Veer Singh Bundela
|
|
|-
| 2012-2015
| Meethi Akash Chatterjee
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sometimes you can be in a show for barely a few episodes and yet leave a mark: Tina Datta |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sometimes-you-can-be-in-a-show-for-barely-a-few-episodes-and-yet-leave-a-mark-tina-datta/articleshow/87846515.cms |access-date= |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119094728/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sometimes-you-can-be-in-a-show-for-barely-a-few-episodes-and-yet-leave-a-mark-tina-datta/articleshow/87846515.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 7]]''
|Contestant
| 12th place
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tina Dutta, Parvathy Omanakuttan in Khatron Ke Khiladi 7 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-tina-dutta-parvathy-omanakuttan-in-khatron-ke-khiladi-7-2137083/amp |access-date= |website=DNA India |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119091342/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-tina-dutta-parvathy-omanakuttan-in-khatron-ke-khiladi-7-2137083/amp |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2017–2018
| ''[[Karmaphal Daata Shani]]''
| [[Manda (goddess)|Dhamini]]
|
|
|-
| 2018–2019
| ''[[Daayan (TV series)|Daayan]]''
| Jhanvi Mourya / Kundani Roy
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttaran fame Tina Datta on taking up a project in Indonesia: I wouldn't think twice before I say yes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-uttaran-fame-tina-datta-on-taking-up-a-project-in-indonesia-i-wouldnt-think-twice-before-i-say-yes/articleshow/91521712.cms |access-date= |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119091900/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-uttaran-fame-tina-datta-on-taking-up-a-project-in-indonesia-i-wouldnt-think-twice-before-i-say-yes/articleshow/91521712.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2022–2023
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 16|Bigg Boss 16]]''
| Contestant
|8th place
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=EXCLUSIVE: Uttaran actress Tina Datta opens up about her feelings before entering Bigg Boss 16; says, "I am a survivor and I know I can overcome this challenge with flying colours" |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-uttaran-actress-tina-datta-opens-feelings-entering-bigg-boss-16-says-survivor-know-can-overcome-challenge-flying-colours/ |access-date= |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119092049/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-uttaran-actress-tina-datta-opens-feelings-entering-bigg-boss-16-says-survivor-know-can-overcome-challenge-flying-colours/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Hum Rahe Na Rahe Hum]]''
|Surili Ahuja Banerjee
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tina Datta and Jay Bhanushali's upcoming show 'Hum Rahe Na Rahe Hum' looks quite promising; watch promo |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tina-dattas-and-jay-bhanushalis-upcoming-show-hum-rahe-na-rahe-hum-looks-quite-promising-watch-promo/articleshow/98637599.cms |access-date= |issn= |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314154434/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tina-dattas-and-jay-bhanushalis-upcoming-show-hum-rahe-na-rahe-hum-looks-quite-promising-watch-promo/articleshow/98637599.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

====Special appearances====
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|rowspan="2"|2009
|''[[Comedy Circus]]''
| rowspan="8" |Herself
|
|-
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 3|Bigg Boss 3]]''
|
|-
|2010
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 4|Bigg Boss 4]]''
|
|-
|2011
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 5|Bigg Boss 5]]''
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 6|Bigg Boss 6]]''
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2013
|''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 7|Bigg Boss 7]]''
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 8|Bigg Boss 8]]''
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Comedy Classes]]''
| rowspan="3" |Herself
|
|-
|2016
|''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 14|Bigg Boss 14]]''
|
|}

===Music videos===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Singer(s)
! Ref.
|-
| 2021
|''Durga Maa Elo Re''
| [[Mika Singh]], Anuradha Juju
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive! Tina Dutta: I enjoyed every bit of 'Durga Maa Elo Re' though I have two left feet|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/bipasha-basu-goes-cycling-in-black-bikini-23196153|website=Mid-day|access-date=14 January 2023|archive-date=14 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114122946/https://www.mid-day.com/amp/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/bipasha-basu-goes-cycling-in-black-bikini-23196153|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Web series===
* 2020: Naxalbari
* 2024: Personal Trainer

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Awards
! Category
! Work
! Result
! Ref.
|-
|2009
|rowspan=2|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |Best Actress in a Lead Role
| rowspan="3" |''[[Uttaran]]''
|{{nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|[[Producers Guild Film Awards]]
|[[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series|Best Actress in a Drama Series]]
|{{won}}
|
|-
|2019
|Global Fame OTT Awards
| Best Debut in OTT
|''[[Naxalbari ]]''
| {{ Won }}
|
|-
|2023
|Lions Gold Awards
| Most Stylish Television Star (Female)
|N/A
| {{ Won }}
|
|-
|2023
| [[Iconic Gold Awards]]
| Best Dressed Reality Star of the Year
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 16)|Bigg Boss 16]]''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Iconic Gold Awards 2023 winners list: Priyanka Choudhary, Shiv Thakare, Tina Datta walk away with trophy |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2023/iconic-gold-awards-2023-winners-list-priyanka-choudhary-shiv-thakare-tina-datta-karan-kundrra-349270.html |access-date= |website=Filmi Beat |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404111631/https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2023/iconic-gold-awards-2023-winners-list-priyanka-choudhary-shiv-thakare-tina-datta-karan-kundrra-349270.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons}}
==External links==
* {{Instagram|tinadatta}}
* {{Twitter|iamtinadatta}}
* {{IMDb name|2139298}}

{{Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}
{{Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Datta, Tina}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]

Archita Sahu

2026-02-05T21:03:09Z

RondaWaddell840: typo fix

{{short description|Indian actress and model}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Archita Sahu
| image = Archita2.JPG
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1990|6|29}}
| birth_place = [[Rourkela]], [[Odisha]], India
| other names = Archita
| height = {{height|ft=5|in=8}}<ref name="archita"/>
| alma_mater = [[Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|model}}
| yearsactive = 2005–present
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Sabyasachi Mishra]]|1 March 2021}}
| children = 1
| website =
}}
'''Archita Sahu''' (born 29 June 1990),<ref>{{cite news |title=ଫଟୋରେ ଥିବା ନିରୀହ ଝିଅ ଜଣଙ୍କ ଓଲିଉଡର ଜଣେ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ ନାୟିକା; ଆଜି ତାଙ୍କ ଜନ୍ମଦିନ, କୁହନ୍ତୁ କିଏ? |url=https://odia.news18.com/news/entertainment/happy-birthday-archita-sahu-see-the-childhood-photo-of-this-ollywood-heroine-ssd-274174.html |date=29 June 2024 |work=Indian Express |lang=or }}</ref> known [[Mononym|mononymously]] as '''Archita''',<ref name="archita">{{cite news |title=Meet Archita, the bubbly actress |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2011/Aug/26/meet-archita-the-bubbly-actress-284933.html |date=16 May 2012 |work=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Champion odia movie of Archita Sahu in lead role as boxer |url=https://incredibleorissa.com/champion-odia-movie/ |work=Incredible Orissa |access-date=27 August 2024}}</ref> is an Indian actress, model, and television personality. She is known for her work in [[Cinema of Odisha|Odia films]], for which she has received four [[Odisha State Film Awards]].<ref name="TNIE">{{cite news |title=State Film Awards: 'Bhija Matira Swarga' best film |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/Dec/11/state-film-awards-bhija-matira-swarga-best-film-2074557.html |access-date=25 March 2022 |work=The New Indian Express |date=11 December 2019}}</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:Archita5.jpg|thumb|Sahu in a traditional attire]]
Sahu was born on 29 June in [[Rourkela]],<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Ghosh |first=Madhusree |date=13 April 2013 |title=The other models called me ACP! |url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-india/the-other-models-called-me-acp/articleshow/19291836.cms |magazine=Femina |access-date=16 February 2025}}</ref> but grew up in [[Bhubaneswar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Asamanya Archita |url=https://www.rebatee.in/pdfdocuments/201811.pdf |work=Rebati |date=November 2018 |language=or }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Archita celebrated her birthday on Friday by planting saplings |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/archita-celebrated-her-birthday-on-friday-by-planting-saplings/articleshow/76241443.cms |accessdate=29 September 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=7 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806192723/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/archita-celebrated-her-birthday-on-friday-by-planting-saplings/articleshow/76241443.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, she graduated from [[KIIT University]] with a [[B. Tech|B.Tech]] in Information Technology.<ref>{{Cite web |last=manas |date=23 June 2013 |title=Ms Architta Sahu KIIT IT Student got Pond's Femina Miss India Kolkata 2013 1st runner up |url=https://cse.kiit.ac.in/ms-architta-sahu-kiit-it-student-got-ponds-femina-miss-india-kolkata-2013-1st-runner-up/ |access-date=1 February 2021 |website=School of Computer Engineering |language=en-US |archive-date=17 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517134429/https://cse.kiit.ac.in/ms-architta-sahu-kiit-it-student-got-ponds-femina-miss-india-kolkata-2013-1st-runner-up/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She is trained in classical [[Odissi]] dancing, with which she gained a national scholarship for.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://incredibleorissa.com/en/archita-sahu |title=Archita Sahu – Oriya Actress Biography, Hot Photo, OPL Wallpaper, Pics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215081732/http://incredibleorissa.com/en/archita-sahu |archive-date=15 February 2012 |website=Incredibleorissa.com |date=8 August 2011 |access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref>

In 2004, she was crowned Miss Kalinga.<ref name="TNIE"/> In 2013, she was named first runner-up in Kolkata's regional Femina Miss India pageant.<ref name="Contest">{{cite news |date=30 January 2013 |title=Archita Sahu: Archita Sahu crowned first runners up in Femina Miss India Kolkata 2013 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/archita-sahu-crowned-first-runners-up-in-femina-miss-india-kolkata-2013/articleshow/18251879.cms |access-date=25 March 2022 |work=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=25 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325095430/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/archita-sahu-crowned-first-runners-up-in-femina-miss-india-kolkata-2013/articleshow/18251879.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Film career==
Despite beauty pageants being commonly seen as steppingstones to gaining mainstream film roles in Bollywood, Sahu took up roles in Odia films instead.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Archita Sahu's runway to success from Miss India to a stellar acting career |url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-india/archita-sahus-runway-to-success-from-miss-india-to-a-stellar-acting-career/articleshow/110070795.cms |magazine=Femina |date=11 May 2024 |access-date=5 August 2024 |archive-date=5 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805144347/https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-india/archita-sahus-runway-to-success-from-miss-india-to-a-stellar-acting-career/articleshow/110070795.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Her first Odia film, ''O My Love'', was released in 2005. At the [[Odisha State Film Awards]], she was awarded Best Actress four times.<ref name="TNIE"/><ref>{{cite news |author=TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/archita-sahu-in-funny-mood/etarticleshow/12649962.cms |title=Archita Sahu in funny mood |date=13 April 2012 |access-date=21 January 2013 |archive-date=9 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109222326/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-13/news-interviews/31337109_1_diary-indian-president-apj-abdul-kalam |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Priyanka Dasgupta, TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/I-am-inspired-by-Rekhaji-Archita-Sahu/etarticleshow/13958118.cms |title=I am inspired by Rekhaji: Archita Sahu |date=9 June 2012 |access-date=21 January 2013 |archive-date=8 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808141744/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-09/news-interviews/32140031_1_odia-odisha-mujra |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Madhusree Ghosh, TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Archita-is-ready-for-some-action/etarticleshow/16513438.cms |title=Archita is ready for some action |date=23 September 2012 |access-date=21 January 2013 |archive-date=27 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527220747/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-23/news-interviews/34039634_1_archita-sahu-tough-cop-ollywood |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref>

Archita made her [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] and [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] cinema debut in the film ''[[The Light: Swami Vivekananda]]'', where she played Moina Bai.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dasgupta |first=Priyanka |date=9 June 2012 |title=I am inspired by Rekhaji: Archita Sahu|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/I-am-inspired-by-Rekhaji-Archita-Sahu/etarticleshow/13958118.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808141744/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-09/news-interviews/32140031_1_odia-odisha-mujra |url-status=live |archive-date=8 August 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 February 2013}}</ref>

===Other work===
Sahu is the state Ambassador of [[UNICEF]] and [[Government of Odisha]]'s "Eradication of child labour".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/meet-archita-the-bubbly-actress/178775-60-117.html |title=Meet Archita, the bubbly actress- Orissa- IBNLive |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=26 August 2011 |accessdate=21 January 2013 |archive-date=10 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110045905/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/meet-archita-the-bubbly-actress/178775-60-117.html |url-status=dead}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unicef.org/india/reallives_6575.htm |title=UNICEF India – Latest stories – Orissa Celebrates Global Handwashing Day |publisher=Unicef.org |date=9 November 2010 |accessdate=21 January 2013 |archive-date=9 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109221915/http://www.unicef.org/india/reallives_6575.htm |url-status=live}} </ref> She is also the ambassador of Junior Red Cross.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://odishasuntimes.com/2015/12/13/7-avatars-of-archita-sahu/ |title=7 Avatars of Archita Sahu |access-date=20 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221010851/http://odishasuntimes.com/2015/12/13/7-avatars-of-archita-sahu/ |archive-date=21 February 2017 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>

She was also a part of IPL 5 as brand ambassador of [[Deccan Chargers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unstoppabulls.deccanchargers.com/photo-gallery/a-dinner-date-with-the-chargers/brand-ambassador-archita-sahu-in-conversation |title=Home of the Unstoppabulls – Brand Ambassador Archita Sahu in Conversation with Gayatri Reddy |publisher=Unstoppabulls.deccanchargers.com |accessdate=21 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130215193650/http://unstoppabulls.deccanchargers.com/photo-gallery/a-dinner-date-with-the-chargers/brand-ambassador-archita-sahu-in-conversation |archive-date=15 February 2013 |url-status=dead}} </ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120416/jsp/odisha/story_15378743.jsp |title=Archita joins IPL celeb bandwagon |work=The Telegraph (India) |date=16 April 2012 |accessdate=21 January 2013 |location=Calcutta, India |first1=Vikash |last1=Sharma |first2=Namita |last2=Panda |archive-date=9 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109220414/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120416/jsp/odisha/story_15378743.jsp |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanchargers.com/content/press-meet-cuttack |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515051351/http://deccanchargers.com/content/press-meet-cuttack |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 May 2012 |title=Press Meet @ Cuttack | Official Website of Deccan Chargers IPL Team |publisher=Deccanchargers.com |date=15 April 2012 |accessdate=21 January 2013}}</ref>

==Personal life==
On 1 March 2021, Sahu married fellow actor [[Sabyasachi Mishra]] in [[Jaipur]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bal |first1=Sandip |title=Ollywood couple Archita Sahu and Sabyasachi Mishra get hitched in Jaipur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/ollywood-couple-archita-sahu-and-sabyasachi-mishra-get-hitched-in-jaipur/articleshow/81305649.cms |access-date=25 March 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=3 March 2021 |language=en |archive-date=25 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325100055/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/ollywood-couple-archita-sahu-and-sabyasachi-mishra-get-hitched-in-jaipur/articleshow/81305649.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> On 22 January 2026, she gave birth to a baby boy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sabyasachi Mishra, Archita Sahu blessed with baby boy |url=https://www.orissapost.com/sabyasachi-mishra-archita-sahu-blessed-with-baby-boy/ |work=Orissa Post |date=22 January 2026 |access-date=22 January 2026 }}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
| style="background:#ffc;"|
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
* ''All films are in Odia unless otherwise noted.''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes !! Ref
|-
| 2005 || ''O My Love'' || Puja || rowspan=20|credited as Archita ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2006 || ''[[Babu I Love You]]'' || Bijuli ||
|-
| ''De Maa Shakti De'' || Kajal ||
|-
| rowspan=3|2007 || ''[[To Bina Mo Kahani Adha]]'' || Gauri ||
|-
| ''To Pain Nebi Mu Sahe Janama'' || Jamuna/Chumki ||
|-
| ''Dhanare Rakhibu Sapatha Mora'' || Rupa ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2008 || ''Mu Sapanara Soudagara'' || Shriya ||
|-
| ''Mate Ani Dela Lakhye Faguna'' || Asha ||
|-
| rowspan=3|2009|| ''[[Akashe Ki Ranga Lagila]]'' || Barsha ||
|-
| ''Keun Dunia Ru Asila Bandhu'' || Jhumuri ||
|-
| ''Pagala Karichi Paunji Tora'' || Puja ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2010 || ''Aalo Mora Kandhei'' || Puja ||
|-
| ''Tora Mora Jodi Sundara'' || Barsha ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2011 || ''Loafer'' || Niharika ||
|-
| ''Chocolate'' || Jasmin ||
|-
| rowspan=4|2012 || ''Thukul'' || Tithi ||
|-
| ''[[Kebe Tume Nahan Kebe Mu Nahin]]'' || Rekha/Mili ||
|-
| ''Sapath'' || Chaaya ||
|-
| ''[[Raja Jhia Sange Heigala Bhaba]]'' || Kalyani/Kandhei ||
|-
| rowspan=3|2013 || ''ACP Sagarika'' || Sagarika Rout ||
|-
| ''[[The Light: Swami Vivekananda]]'' || Moina Bai || Hindi / Bengali Debut ||
|-
| ''[[Mun Eka Tumara]]'' || Chitralekha || rowspan=19|credited as Archita ||
|-
| 2014 || ''Smile Please'' || Sneha ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Pilata Bigidigala]]'' || Nisha ||
|-
| rowspan=3|2016 || ''Hela Mate Prema Jara'' || Mithi ||
|-
| ''[[Bye Bye Dubai]]'' || Saina/Nisha ||
|-
| ''Chati Tale Ding Dong'' || Sonia ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2017 || ''Just Mahabbat'' || Bhumi ||
|-
| ''Shiva Not Out'' || Bhavna ||
|-
| rowspan=3|2019 || ''Champion'' || Kirti/Lalpan Bibi ||
|-
| ''Ajab Sanju Ra Gajab Love'' || Sakhi ||
|-
| ''Abhiman'' || Pooja || <ref>{{cite news |title=Archita-Sabyasachi Pair Up For Odia Movie 'Abhiman' After Three Years |url=https://odishabytes.com/sabyasachi-and-archita-to-be-seen-on-the-silver-screen-after-three-years/ |website=Odisha Bytes |access-date=12 March 2019 }}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || ''Durgatinashini'' || Nitya Das || <ref>{{cite news |title=Archita-Partha Starrer 'Durgatinashini' To Release This Dussehra |url=https://www.mycitylinks.in/archita-starrer-durgatinashini-to-release-this-dussehr |website=mycitylinks.in |access-date=13 September 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2021 || ''Roll No 27 – Sujata Senapati'' || Sujata Senapati || <ref>{{cite news |title=Archita leaves fans surprised with new look for 'Roll No 27 – Sujata Senapati' |url=https://www.mycitylinks.in/archita-leaves-fans-surprised-with-new-look-for-roll-no-27-sujata-senapati |website=mycitylinks.in |access-date=14 January 2021 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061103/https://mycitylinks.in/archita-leaves-fans-surprised-with-new-look-for-roll-no-27-sujata-senapati/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''Durgatinashini 2'' || Nitya Das || <ref>{{cite news|title=Durgatinashini 2 |url=https://odialive.com/durgatinashini-2/ |website=Odia Live |access-date=9 November 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || ''Mahisasura'' || Shabana Begum || <ref>{{cite web |last=Das |first=Rashmi Rekha |date=15 September 2022 |title=Actress Archita learns Urdu for her next; Know more about her character |url=https://odishatv.in/news/entertainment/actress-archita-learns-urdu-for-her-next-know-more-about-her-character-185581# |website=Odisha TV |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || ''Namaste Kamala Maa Go'' || Kamala || <ref>{{cite web|title=Namaste Kamala Maa'go |url=https://odiamoviedb.com/movie/namaste-kamala-maago/ |website=Odia Movie Database |date=3 December 2023 |access-date=21 March 2025 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3|2025 || ''Pade Akasha''|| Dr. Sruti Mohapatra || <ref>{{cite web|title=Pade Akasha-Starring Archita Sahu: A Biopic on Dr. Sruti Mohapatra's Inspiring Journey |url=https://www.odiasites.com/2025/01/pade-akasha-starring-archita-sahu.html?fbclid=IwY2xjawIcVptleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHTK4Mt1YSuonqb5BaZm553_bO-pGV1y8Wx7tiWX4HAhnDXgIOIarQyAy4Q_aem_ydOUyyXl94o1_webcF6gdA |website=OdiaSites |access-date=16 February 2025 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bou Buttu Bhuta]]'' || Rinki || <ref>{{cite web|title='Bou Buttu Bhuta'- A Horror Thriller Starring Babushaan, Aparajita and Archita |url=https://www.mycitylinks.in/bou-buttu-bhuta-a-horror-thriller-starring-babushaan-aparajita-and-archita |website=My City Links |access-date=21 March 2025 }}</ref>
|-
| ''Delivery Boy 2'' || Pallavi || <ref>{{cite news |title=35 ବର୍ଷରେ ଅର୍ଚ୍ଚିତା; ଜନ୍ମଦିନରେ ଫ୍ୟାନ୍ସଙ୍କୁ ଭେଟି, 'ଡେଲିଭରି ବୟ 2'ରେ ଆସିବେ ନଜର - ARCHITA SAHU BIRTHDAY |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/or/!entertainment/archita-sahu-birthday-actress-new-film-delivery-boy-2-poster-out-odisha-news-ors25062901484 |work=ETV Bharat |date=29 June 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Baral |first1=Bratati |date=2 July 2025 |title=Archita gears up for a powerful comeback as 'Pallavi' in upcoming Odia film 'Delivery Boy 2' |url=https://www.prameyanews.com/archita-gears-up-for-a-powerful-comeback-as-pallavi-in-upcoming-odia-film-delivery-boy-2 |work=Prameya News |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref>
|}

===Television===

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders " width=60%
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col"| Network
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 2021
| ''Bijayini''
| Nitya Das
| [[ZEE5|ZEE Sarthak]]
| Episode 48, Guest appearance
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Episode 48 : Nitya Rescues Stuti and Durga |url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/bijayini/0-6-3518/nitya-rescues-stuti-and-durga/0-1-6z522540 |website=Zee5 |date=16 October 2021 }}</ref>
|}

== Awards and accreditation ==
{{BLP sources section|date=July 2023}}
Archita has won several awards in her film career to date, including three state awards by the [[Government of Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://odisha.360.batoi.com/gab_gallery/ollywood-actress-archita-sahu-receiving-the-best-actress-award-for-chocolate-at-the-23rd-state-film-awards-function-at-utkal-mandap-on-sunday/ |title=Ollywood Actress Archita Sahu, Receiving the Best Actress Award for 'Chocolate', at the 23rd State Film Awards function at Utkal Mandap on Sunday |publisher=Odisha.360.batoi.com |date=26 November 2012 |accessdate=21 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005005218/http://odisha.360.batoi.com/gab_gallery/ollywood-actress-archita-sahu-receiving-the-best-actress-award-for-chocolate-at-the-23rd-state-film-awards-function-at-utkal-mandap-on-sunday/ |archivedate=5 October 2013}}</ref>
*Star Entertainer of the year 2017, [[9th Tarang Cine Awards]] 2018 for the film ''[[Shiva Not Out]]''
*Best Actor Female, [[8th Tarang Cine Awards]]2017 for the film ''[[Bye Bye Dubai]]''
*Best Actor Female, [[7th Tarang Cine Awards]] 2016 for the film ''[[Pilata Bigidigala]]''
*Best Actress, [[6th Tarang Cine Awards]] 2015 for the film ''Smile Please''
*Best Actress, [[Oriya Film Fair Awards 2014]] for the film ''Smile Please''
* Best Actress, [[Odisha State Film Awards]], 2013 for the film ''ACP sagarika''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/generalnews/news/odisha-25th-state-film-awards-announced/79593/ |title=Odisha 25th state film awards announced |work=Business Standard |quote=Archita Sahu was selected for the best actress award for her performance in 'ACP Sagarika' |accessdate=21 November 2014 |date=15 November 2012 |agency=Press Trust of India |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012004051/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/odisha-23rd-state-film-awards-announced-112111500538_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Best Odia Actor (female), [[Filmfare Awards East]], 2013 for the film ''[[Mu Eka Tumara]]''
* Best Actress, [[Odisha State Film Awards]], 2011 for the film ''Chocolate''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/generalnews/news/odisha-23rd-state-film-awards-announced/79593/ |title=Odisha 23rd state film awards announced |work=Business Standard |quote=Archita Sahu was selected for the best actress award for her performance in 'Chocolate' |accessdate=16 November 2012 |date=15 November 2012 |agency=Press Trust of India |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012004051/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/odisha-23rd-state-film-awards-announced-112111500538_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Best Actress, [[Odisha State Film Awards]], 2009 for the film ''Pagala Karichi Paunji Tora''
* Best supporting Actress, [[Odisha State Film Awards]], 2006 for the film ''[[Babu I Love You]]''
* Best Actor (female) Show Time, Puri
**2006 for the film ''[[De Maa Shakti De]]''
**2008 for the film ''[[To Payeen Nebi Mu Sahe Janama]]''
* Best Actress, Banichitra Award
** 2006 for the film ''[[Babu I Love You]]''
** 2008 for the film ''To Payeen Nebi Mu Sahe Janama''
** 2009 for the film ''[[Mu Sapanara Soudagar]]''
**2010<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/15/stories/2011051551520200.htm |title=Other States / Orissa News : Banichitra annual awards for cinema presented |quote=Akash and Archita were awarded as the best actor and actress respectively. |accessdate=22 January 2013 |location=Chennai, India |date=15 May 2011 |archive-date=9 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109231636/http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/15/stories/2011051551520200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead}}</ref> Best Actress, [[Tarang Cine Awards]]
** 2012 – ''Chocolate''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://incredibleorissa.com/oriyafilms/tarang-cine-awards-2012-winners-best-film-actor-actress-director/ |title=Tarang Cine Awards 2012 Winners | Best Film, Actor, Actress, Director |work=incredibleorissa.com |quote=Best Actress – Archita Sahu (Chocolate) |accessdate=22 January 2013 |date=12 March 2012 |archive-date=4 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204170416/http://incredibleorissa.com/oriyafilms/tarang-cine-awards-2012-winners-best-film-actor-actress-director/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
** 2010 – ''Pagala Karichi Paunji Tora''
* Best Actor (female) [[Etv Oriya Film Awards]] 2012 – ''Chocolate''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chalachitra.in/award/third-etv-oriya-cine-awards-2012/ |title=chalachitra " Third ETV Oriya Cine Awards – 2012 |work=chalachitra.in |quote=Best actor female Archita sahu Chocolate |accessdate=22 January 2013 |archive-date=8 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208042249/http://chalachitra.in/award/third-etv-oriya-cine-awards-2012/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Best Actor (female) 2007 – ''[[To Bina Mo Kahani Adha]]'' by Omshree Awards
* Best Actor (female) 2008 – ''[[To Bina Mo Kahani Adha]]'' by UMPA
* Best Actor (female) 2009 – ''[[Mu Sapanara Soudagar]]'' by Sapatha
* Best Actor (female) 2009 – ''[[Mu Sapanara Soudagar]]'' by Chalachitra Jagat
* Best Actor (female) 2010 – ''[[Akashe Ki Ranga Lagila]]'' by Kamyab
* Best Actor (female) 2010 – ''Pagala Karichi Paunji Tora'' by Chitrapuri
* Best Actor (female) 2010 – ''Pagala Karichi Paunji Tora'' by UMPA
* Best Newcomer Award 2005 – ''[[O My Love]]''

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Archita Sahu}}
* {{IMDb name|3373920}}
* {{Instagram|architasahuofficial}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahu, Archita}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Odia cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Odia television]]
[[Category:Female models from Odisha]]
[[Category:Actresses from Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:People from Rourkela]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Odissi dancers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards East winners]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Katakasahar

2026-02-04T19:41:43Z

RondaWaddell840: Created Basic Post First Draft

{{Short description|Village in Odisha, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Katakasahar
| native_name = କଟକସହର
| native_name_lang = or
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Odisha
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nayagarh district|Nayagarh]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ranapur, Odisha|Ranapur]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj|Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 0.76
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 655
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 752024
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 06755
| registration_plate = OD-25
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census code]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 406971
| footnotes =
}}

{{About|the village in Nayagarh district|the city often referred to as Kataka|Cuttack}}

'''Katakasahar''' (also spelled ''Katakasahara'') is a village in the [[Ranapur, Odisha|Ranapur]] [[Tehsil]] of [[Nayagarh district]] in the Indian state of [[Odisha]]. It falls under the administrative jurisdiction of the Ranapur [[Community Development Block]].<ref name="Census2011">{{cite web|title=Census of India 2011: District Census Handbook - Nayagarh, Part XII-B|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/study/PC11_PCA-TV-2116|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|access-date=22 January 2026|format=PDF}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Katakasahar is located in the eastern part of [[Nayagarh district]]. The village covers a total geographical area of {{convert|76|ha|acre}}.<ref name="Census2011"/> It is situated approximately {{convert|30|km}} from the district headquarters [[Nayagarh]] and is part of the Ranapur police station jurisdiction.

== Demographics ==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Katakasahar had a total population of 655, split between 334 males and 321 females.<ref name="Census2011"/> The village comprises approximately 150 households. The literacy rate and other socio-economic indicators are recorded in the Primary Census Abstract of the District Census Handbook.<ref>{{cite web|title=Village & Town Directory - Nayagarh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/960|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Odisha|access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>

== Administration ==
The village is administered by a [[Sarpanch]], who is the elected representative of the village under the [[Constitution of India]] and the [[Panchayati Raj (India)|Panchayati Raj]] act.<ref>{{cite news|title=Panchayati Raj Institutions in Odisha|url=https://panchayat.odisha.gov.in/|publisher=Government of Odisha|access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>

== Transport ==
The village is connected by local district roads to the tehsil headquarters in Ranapur. The nearest major railway station is [[Khurda Road Junction railway station|Khurda Road Junction]], while the nearest airport is [[Biju Patnaik International Airport]] in [[Bhubaneswar]].

== See also ==
* [[Nayagarh district]]
* [[Ranapur, Odisha]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://nayagarh.odisha.gov.in/ Official Website of Nayagarh District]

{{coord missing|Odisha}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Katakasahar}}

[[Category:Villages in Nayagarh district]]
[[Category:Geography of Odisha]]
[[Category:Populated places in Odisha]]

{{Portal|India|Odisha}}
{{Authority control}}

{{India-geo-stub}}

Raaghavan

2026-01-30T04:19:31Z

RondaWaddell840:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox actor
| name = Raaghavan
| birth_name = Raaghavan Murugan
| occupation = Actor
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2007|05|28|df=yes}}
| years_active = 2016–present
}}

'''Raaghavan''', also credited as '''Master Raghavan''', is an Indian [[child actor]] who works in predominantly Tamil films apart from a few Telugu language films. His debut was in the 2016 movie, ''[[Sethupathi (film)|Sethupathi]]'', with [[Vijay Sethupathi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/140969-master-raghavan-talks-about-vijay-sethupathi |title=சேதுபதி மாமாவுக்கு செல்லம், தனுஷ் மாமாவுக்கு ஃப்ரெண்டு! - மாஸ்டர் ராகவன் கலகல |first=வெ வித்யா |last=காயத்ரி |website=vikatan.com |date=16 May 2018 |access-date=12 July 2022 |archive-date=18 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818203609/https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/140969-master-raghavan-talks-about-vijay-sethupathi |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Raaghavan made his acting debut through the cop drama ''[[Sethupathi (film)|Sethupathi]]'' (2016) portraying the son of the character played by [[Vijay Sethupathi]]. The film won positive reviews, as did Raaghavan's performance, with a critic from Sify.com noting that the "two kids who played as Vijay Sethupathi’s children are too good".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.sify.com/movies/sethupathi-review-review-tamil-qcuk6Nhfahghi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712105920/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:918b-RqWZXwJ:https://m.sify.com/movies/sethupathi-review-review-tamil-qcuk6Nhfahghi.html+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 July 2022 |title=Sethupathi review |publisher=Webcache.googleusercontent.com |date= |access-date=12 July 2022 }}</ref> His next film, ''[[Rekka (film)|Rekka]]'' (2016), saw Raaghavan play the younger version of Vijay Sethupathi's character. He garnered attention for his acting in the video for the song "Kannamma" for the film.

Raaghavan continued to play pivotal roles as a child artist in Tamil films in the late 2010s, often portraying the child of the film's lead character such as in ''[[Bhaskar Oru Rascal]]'' (2018) and ''[[Maari 2]]'' (2018); or the younger version of the lead actor such as in ''[[Hero (2019 Tamil film)|Hero]]'' (2019), ''[[Vaanam Kottattum]]'' (2020) and ''[[Enemy (2021 film)|Enemy]]'' (2021). He also appeared in the Telugu film, ''[[Uppena]]'' (2021), as the younger version of the male protagonist.

In 2022, he appeared as the younger version of [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]]'s character in ''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]'', and shot for his scenes in Kanchipuram.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/master-raghavan-on-board-for-karthik-subbarajs-next-with-vikram/6c25e73b9f706 |title=Master Raghavan on board for Karthik Subbaraj's next with Vikram |publisher=Ottplay.com |date=8 August 2021 |access-date=12 July 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712105922/https://www.ottplay.com/news/master-raghavan-on-board-for-karthik-subbarajs-next-with-vikram/6c25e73b9f706 |url-status=live }}</ref> Raaghavan next was seen in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]'' (2022) and ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]'' (2023) portraying the [[Pandya]] prince.<ref>{{cite web |author=K Janani |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/master-raaghavan-reveals-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-s-ponniyin-selvan-character-details-1833497-2021-07-28 |title=Master Raaghavan reveals Aishwarya Rai Bachchan's Ponniyin Selvan character details - Movies News |publisher=Indiatoday.in |date=28 July 2021 |access-date=12 July 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712105917/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/master-raaghavan-reveals-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-s-ponniyin-selvan-character-details-1833497-2021-07-28 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Raaghavan film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016 || ''[[Sethupathi (film)|Sethupathi]]'' || Maara Sethupathi || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| ''[[Rekka (film)|Rekka]]'' || Young Shiva || rowspan="7"|Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017 || ''[[Pa. Pandi]]'' || Dhruv Raghavan ||
|-
| ''[[7 Naatkal]]'' || Anush ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2018 || ''[[Bhaskar Oru Rascal]]'' || Aakash Bhaskar ||
|-
| ''[[Maari 2]]'' || Kaali Maariyappan ||
|-
|| 2019 || ''[[Hero (2019 Tamil film)|Hero]]'' || Young Sakthi ||
|-
||2020 || ''[[Vaanam Kottattum]]'' || Young Selva ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2021 || ''[[Uppena]]'' || Young Aasi || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| ''[[Endraavathu Oru Naal]]'' || Murugan || rowspan="3"|Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Enemy (2021 film)|Enemy]]'' || Young Chozhan ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022 || ''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]'' || Young Gandhi ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| ''[[The Warriorr]]'' || rowspan="2"|Police station tea boy || Telugu ||
|-
| Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]'' || rowspan="2" | Amarabhujanga [[Pandian]] || rowspan="4"|Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2023 || ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Fight Club (2023 film)|Fight Club]]'' || Young Selva ||
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Rajabheema]]'' || Young Raja ||
|-




|}
{{pending films key}}

===As dubbing artist===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Actor !! Character !! Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
||2019 || ''[[The Extraordinary Journey of the Fakir|Pakkiri]]'' || Hearty Singh || Young Raja || Tamil dubbed version
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|9083951}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raaghavan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Child actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]
[[Category:2007 births]]

Wagro

2026-01-28T23:13:17Z

RondaWaddell840: new new data - done

{{Italics}}
{{Short description|2022 Indian Konkani-language short film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
'''''Wagro''''' is a [[Konkani language]] short film from [[Goa]]. The film was screened at 2022 [[Cannes Film Festival]]'s Short Film Corner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajesh Pednekar, Sainath Uskaikar: Wagro – a Konkani short film |url=https://www.prudentmedia.in/lhaan-zale-mahaan/rajesh-pednekar-sainath-uskaikar-wagro-%E2%80%93-a-konkani-short-film-lhaan-zale-mahaan-prudent/21796.html |website=Prudent Media}}</ref> ''Wagro,'' meaning "place of sacrifice"'','' was directed by Sainath Uskaikar and produced by De Goan Studio, led by producers Rajesh Pednekar and Gayatri Pednekar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goa in Cannes: Konkani movie ‘Wagro’ to be screened at festivals short film section |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/goa-in-cannes-konkani-movie-wagro-to-be-screened-at-festivals-short-film-section/articleshow/91083186.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Konkani short film ‘Wagro’ accepted at the Cannes Film Festival 2022 |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/news/goa/konkani-short-film-wagro-accepted-at-the-cannes-film-festival-2022 |website=Gomantak Times}}</ref> ''Wagro'' received seven awards at the 60 Hours Filmmaking Challenge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Short film Wagro wins 7 awards at 60Hours Filmmaking Challenge |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-inshorts/%EF%BB%BFshort-film-wagro-wins-7-awards-at-60hours-filmmaking-challenge/78713.html |website=The Goan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Look forward to seeing some good films and especially ‘Wagro’ directed by Sainath Uskaikar |url=https://www.goanobserver.in/2022/10/28/look-forward-to-seeing-some-good-films-and-especially-wagro-directed-by-sainath-uskaikar/ |website=Goan Observer}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Films set in Goa]]
[[Category:Films shot in Goa]]
[[Category:2020s Konkani-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]

New Tinsukia–Amritsar Express

2025-12-19T13:37:43Z

RondaWaddell840: Added A Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = New Tinsukia-Amritsar Express
| image = Tinsukia express.jpg
| caption = New Tinsukia-Amritsar Express At [[Ludhiana Junction railway station]]
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| status = Operating
| locale = [[Assam]], [[Nagaland]], [[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Haryana]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| start = {{stnlnk|New Tinsukia}} (NTSK)
| stops = 32
| end = {{stnlnk|Amritsar}} (ASR)
| first = 16 December 2003
| distance = 2853 km
| journeytime = 62 hours and 5 mins
| frequency = Weekly
| class = AC 2 Tier (2A), AC 3 Tier (3A), Sleeper (SL)
| catering = Available
| seating = Available
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| Number Of Coaches =
| baggage = Available
| gauge = [[Broad gauge]]
| trainnumber = 15933/15934
| speed = 46 km/h
| map = [[File:(Dibrugarh - Amritsar) Express Route map.jpg|thumb|300px|New Tinsukia–Amritsar Express route map]]
}}

The '''New Tinsukia–Amritsar Express''' is a weekly [[Express trains in India|Express]] train that connects [[Tinsukia]], the easternmost town of [[Assam]] in the east with the "Golden city" [[Amritsar]] in the north.

== Timetable ==
Train no. 15933, the New Tinsukia to Amritsar leaves New Tinsukia every Tuesday at 07:00 hours and reaches Amritsar every Thursday at 21:05 hours.
Train no. 15934 from Amritsar to New Tinsukia leaves Amritsar every Friday at 15:45 hours and reaches New Tinsukia every Monday at 04:55 hours traveling a distance of 2853.5 kilometres in 61 hours and 10 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://indiarailinfo.com/train/amritsar-dibrugarh-weekly-express-15934-asr-to-dbrg/416/344/7288 | title=15934/Amritsar–New Tinsukia Weekly Express (PT) – Amritsar to New Tinsukia NFR/Northeast Frontier Zone – Railway Enquiry}}</ref>
==Route and halts==

'''ASSAM'''
* '''{{stnlnk|New Tinsukia}}''' (Starts)
* {{stnlnk|Simaluguri Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Mariani Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Furkating Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Lumding Junction}}
* '''{{stnlnk|Guwahati}}'''

'''NAGALAND'''
* {{stnlnk|Dimapur}}

'''WEST BENGAL'''
* {{stnlnk|New Alipurduar}}
* {{rws|New Cooch Behar Junction}}
* '''[[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri (Siliguri)]]'''

'''BIHAR'''
* '''{{stnlnk|Katihar Junction}}'''
* {{rws|Khagaria Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Barauni Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Desari}}
* {{stnlnk|Hajipur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Chhapra Junction}}

'''UTTAR PRADESH '''
* {{rws|Ballia}}
* {{rws|Ghazipur City}}
* '''{{rws|Varanasi Junction}}'''
* {{rws|Akbarpur Junction}}
* '''{{rws|Ayodhya}}'''
*'''{{rws|Lucknow Charbagh}}'''
* {{rws|Shahjahanpur}}
* {{rws|Bareilly Junction}}
* {{rws|Moradabad Junction}}
* {{rws|Saharanpur Junction}}

'''HARYANA'''
* '''{{rws|Ambala Cantonment}}'''

'''PUNJAB'''
* '''{{rws|Ludhiana Junction}}'''
* '''{{rws|Jalandhar City Junction}}'''
* {{rws|Beas Junction}}
* '''{{rws|Amritsar}}''' (Ends)

==Traction==

* {{rws|New Tinsukia}} to {{rws|Amritsar}},
::[[Electric Loco Shed, Ghaziabad]]-based [[WAP-7]] locomotive.

==See also==
*[[New Jalpaiguri - Amritsar Clone Superfast Express]]
*[[New Jalpaiguri–Amritsar Karmabhoomi Express]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dibrugarh-Amritsar Weekly Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Tinsukia]]
[[Category:Transport in Amritsar]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Assam]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Nagaland]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Bihar]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2003]]

2014 Andhra Pradesh local elections

2025-12-18T07:52:27Z

RondaWaddell840: Added

'''2014 Andhra Pradesh local elections''' may refer to:

* [[2014 Andhra Pradesh rural local bodies elections]]
* [[2014 Andhra Pradesh urban local bodies elections]]

{{dab}}

2022 Birbhum violence

2025-12-14T08:10:49Z

RondaWaddell840: Done - done

{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| partof =
| title = 2022 Birbhum violence
| location = Bagtui, [[Birbhum district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|24.16436500380788|87.7913638172454|display=it|format=dms}}
| date = {{start date|2022|03|21}}
| time = 21:00
| timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+05:30]])
| fatalities = 9 Muslims ([https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/story/fact-check-victims-birbhum-violence-hindu-tribals-muslims-1929205-2022-03-24])
| type = [[mass murder]], [[political violence]], [[arson attack]]
| victims = 1.Jahanara Bibi (Doli), 38;
2.Lili Khatun, 18;
3.Sheli Bibi, 32;
4.Nurnehar Bibi, 52;
5.Rupali Bibi, 39;
6.Kazi Sajidur Rahaman, 22;
7.Tuli Khatun, 7;
8. Mina Bibi, 40
https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/birbhum-eight-charred-to-death-in-suspected-retaliation-to-tmc-leaders-murder/cid/1857148
| accused = Lalan sheikh, Later died in CBI custody
https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/birbhum-violence-key-accused-ends-life-in-cbi-custody-kin-allege-murder-8321023/
| motive = Revenge for killing of local Trinamool leader
| map = {{Location map|India West Bengal#India|relief=1|lat_deg=24.16436500380788|lon_deg=87.7913638172454}}
}}

The '''2022 Birbhum violence''', also called the '''Bogtui massacre''', happened in the village of Baktai (Bagtui, Bogtui) in [[Rampurhat]], [[Birbhum]], [[India]] in the aftermath of the death of Trinamool deputy chief Bhadu Sheikh. At least four houses were set on fire. 10 people were reported killed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-01 |title=Toll in Bengal's Birbhum massacre rises to 10; woman dies in hospital |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/toll-in-bengal-s-birbhum-massacre-rises-to-10-woman-dies-in-hospital-101651411031451.html |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
{{Short description|Massacre in Rampurhat, West Bengal, India}}

==Background==
During the evening of 21 March 2022. Bhadu Sheikh, the upapradhan (deputy leader) of Barshal [[gram panchayat]] (village council), was attacked by a group of men, who threw a homemade bomb at him, resulting in heavy injury. He was taken to the local health clinic and later the Rampurhat hospital where he was declared dead.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/trinamul-leaders-murder-in-birbhum-sparks-violence-arson/cid/1857070|title=Trinamul leader's murder in Birbhum sparks violence, arson|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

==Casualties==
At least ten houses were set on fire. 8 dead bodies were found, six women and two children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/six-women-two-children-burnt-to-death-in-bengals-birbhum-after-trinamool-leaders-murder/article65248532.ece|title=Six women, two children burnt to death in Bengal's Birbhum after Trinamool leader's murder|first=Shiv Sahay|last=Singh|work=The Hindu |date=March 22, 2022|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Seven burned bodies were recovered from one house alone. One person who had been injured later died of burn injuries at a hospital in [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]].{{cn|date=September 2024}}

==Investigation==
Following the incident, [[Government of West Bengal]] has created [[Special Investigation Team|SIT]] under ADG CID Gyanwant Singh, DIG (Western Range) Sanjay Singh and DIG CID (Operations) Miraj Khalid to investigate the incident. State director general of police Manoj Malviya is also enacted in this case.<ref name="auto2"/>

On 12 December, the CBI has officially announced the death in custody of the main accused perpetrator, Lalon Sheikh, by suicide (hanging) at their camp in Rampurhat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/birbhum-violence-accused-dies-by-suicide-in-probe-agency-cbis-custody-3600493|title=Bengal Violence Accused Allegedly Dies By Suicide In CBI Custody|website=ndtv.com|publisher=NDTV News|first=Saurav|last=Gupta|date=13 December 2022|access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref>

==Reactions==
The ruling party [[Trinamool Congress]] alleged that the "incident was a part of a greater conspiracy to tarnish the image of the State and the State government". Chief Minister [[Mamata Banerjee]] sent Minister [[Firhad Hakim]] and local MLA and deputy Speaker Ashish Banerjee to the trouble spot.

Opposition parties like [[CPI(M)]], [[BJP]] and [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] protested against the murder. CPI(M) state secretary [[Mohammed Salim (politician)|Mohammad Salim]] described the SIT set up by the government as "suppression of investigation and truth".<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/six-women-and-two-children-burnt-to-death-in-violence-in-bengals-birbhum-district-following-the-killing-of-a-panchayat-deputy-pradhan/article38460269.ece|title=Six women and two children burnt to death in violence in Bengal's Birbhum district following the killing of a panchayat deputy pradhan|first=Suhrid Sankar|last=Chattopadhyay|website=Frontline|date=22 March 2022 }}</ref> He also said that the incident in Rampurhat was linked to the victory of the sole CPM councillor from Ward 17 in the Rampurhat municipality which went to polls in February 2022. In response to the incident and while obstructed from raising the issue to Legislative Assembly, BJP legislators staged a walkout on the floor of the House.<ref name="auto2"/> BJP MLAs requested the Governor to urge the Centre to intervene here and invoke either Article 365 or 355 and consider a [[National Investigation Agency|NIA]] probe into the matter.<ref name="auto"/> Bengal Congress Unit [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]] wrote to the President of India requesting him to invoke [[President's rule|Article 355]] of the Indian Constitution “in view of the deteriorating law & order situation in West Bengal" and has called [[Mamata Banerjee]]-led [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]] rule as "Danav Raj"(Monster Rule).<ref>{{Cite web |title="Danav Raj": Congress Leader Slams Mamata Banerjee Over Bengal Killings |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bengal-violence-birbhum-violence-danav-raj-congress-leader-adhir-ranjan-chowdhury-slams-mamata-banerjee-over-bengal-killings-2841000 |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

[[National Human Rights Commission of India|National Human Rights Commission]] (NHRC) took [[wiktionary:Suo motu|suo motu]] cognisance of the violence and has directed the state government to submit detailed report regarding the violence in four weeks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Senjo M. |title=NHRC notice to WB govt, DGP over Birbhum killings; seeks report in 4 weeks |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/nhrc-notice-to-wb-govt-dgp-over-birbhum-killings-seeks-report-in-4-weeks/20220324.htm |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>

Governor of West Bengal [[Jagdeep Dhankhar|Jagdeep Dhankar]] condemned the killings.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Birbhum killings: West Bengal Governor slams CM for 'diversionary tactics', says attempts being made to shield guilty |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/birbhum-killings-west-bengal-governor-slams-cm-for-diversionary-tactics-says-attempts-being-made-to-shield-guilty/articleshow/90395675.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-03-25}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Birbhum violence, 2022}}
[[Category:2022 murders in India]]
[[Category:Massacres in 2022]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress]]
[[Category:March 2022 in India]]
[[Category:March 2022 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:2020s in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Massacres in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Residential building arson attacks in India]]
[[Category:Arson in 2022]]
[[Category:2022 fires in Asia]]
[[Category:Birbhum district|2022 violence]]
[[Category:21st-century mass murders in India]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2022]]
[[Category:Politico-Religious violence in West Bengal]]

Lakdi-ka-pul metro station

2025-12-01T07:03:16Z

RondaWaddell840:

{{Short description|Metro station in Hyderabad, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}

{{Distinguish|Lakdikapul railway station}}

{{Infobox station
| name = NMDC Lakdi-ka-pul
| symbol = m
| symbol_location = hyderabad
| type = {{Hyderabad Metro Infobox station line|line = Red}}
| style = Hyderabad Metro
| image = Lakdikapool Metro Station.jpg
| address = Nh65, Ambedkar Colony, [[Lakdi ka pul]], Hyderabad, Telangana 500004<ref name=h>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ltmetro.com/metro-stations/|title=Metro Stations}}</ref>
| coordinates = {{coord|17.4038078|N|78.4646968|E|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Hyderabad Metro|r|route}}
| other = [[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|20px|up|link=Hyderabad MMTS]] {{stnlnk|Lakdikapul|}}
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double-track]]
| platforms = [[Side platform]] 
Platform-1 → [[LB Nagar metro station|Vasavi LB Nagar]] Platform-2 →Miyapur
| depth =
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking = {{parking symbol}} Available
| bicycle = Available
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|2018|September |24}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[overhead catenary]]
| accessible = {{Access icon}}
| architect =
| architectural_style =
| code =
| status = Staffed, Operational
| owned =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year = 24 September 2018
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{adjacent stations
| system = Hyderabad Metro
| line1 = Red | left1 =Khairatabad|right1 =Assembly}}
| map_dot_label = Lakdi-ka-pul metro station
| map_size = 300
| map_type = India Telangana
| map_caption = Location in Telangana
}}
''' Lakdi-ka-pul''' (also known as '''NMDC Lakdi-ka-pul''') is a metro station on the Red Line of the [[Hyderabad Metro]] in India. This station was opened to public on 2017. It is located at [[Lakdi ka pul]] near to [[Lakdikapul railway station]], [[Ravindra Bharathi]], HP Petrol pump, Telephone Bhavan, Collector's Office, CID Office and Global Hospitals.<ref name=h/>

==History==
It was opened on 24 September 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/hyderabad-metro-rail-to-be-flagged-off-by-pm-modi-today-see-timings-fares-routes-and-features-4958126 |title=Hyderabad Metro rail flagged off today: See fares, timings, routes and other features |date=28 November 2017 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> In July 2023, [[National Mineral Development Corporation|NMDC]] became the sponsor of the Lakdi-ka-pul metro station, under semi-naming policy of Hyderabad metro to generate non-fare revenues.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/nmdc-and-lt-metro-rail-join-hands-lakdi-ka-pul-station-gets-new-name|title=NMDC and L&T Metro Rail join hands, Lakdi-ka-pul station gets new name}}</ref>

==The station==
===Structure===
Lakdi-ka-pul elevated metro station situated on the [[Hyderabad Metro#Lines|Red Line]] of [[Hyderabad Metro]].<ref name=h/>

===Facilities===
The stations have staircases, elevators and escalators from the street level to the platform level which provide easy and comfortable access. Also, operation panels inside the elevators are installed at a level that can be conveniently operated by all passengers, including differently-abled and elderly citizens.<ref name="h"/>

===Station layout===
;'''Street Level''': This is the first level where passengers may park their vehicles and view the local area map.<ref name=ltmetro>{{cite web | url=https://www.ltmetro.com/metro-stations/#1527065034617-3dc1ce80-fe9e | title=Metro Stations | publisher=Hyderabad Metro Rail | accessdate=20 February 2020 }}</ref>

;'''Concourse level''': Ticketing office or Ticket Vending Machines (TVMs) is located here. Retail outlets and other facilities like washrooms, ATMs, first aid, etc., will be available in this area.<ref name=ltmetro/>

;'''Platform level ''': This layer consists of two platforms. Trains takes passengers from this level.<ref name=ltmetro/>
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|'''Platform 1''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → [[LB Nagar metro station|Vasavi LB Nagar]] next station is [[Assembly metro station|Assembly]] 
|-
|'''Platform 2''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← [[Miyapur metro station|Miyapur]] next station is [[Khairatabad metro station|Khairatabad]]
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}

==Entry/exit==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" width="65%"
|-
! align="center" colspan="5" style="background:"| Lakdi-ka-pul station Entry/exits 
|-
! style="width:15%;"|Gate No-A
! style="width:15%;"|Gate No-B
! style="width:15%;"|Gate No-C
! style="width:15%;"|Gate No-D
|-
| || || ||
|-
| || || ||
|-
| || || ||
|-
| || || ||
|}

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[Lakdikapul railway station]]
*[[Transport in Hyderabad]]
}}

{{Portal bar|Hyderabad|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Hyderabad}}
*[http://www.hmr.gov.in/ Hyderabad Metro Rail Ltd] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103094514/http://hmr.gov.in/ |date=3 November 2018 }}
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.
*{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Lakdi-Ka-Pul/@17.4038078,78.4646968,136m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m12!1m6!3m5!1s0x3bcb9745ae931c39:0xa8c78bb42b060cf8!2sKhairatabad+Metro+Station!8m2!3d17.4127528!4d78.460217!3m4!1s0x3bcb975d5c43f7e5:0xc6c6abcc78b0f902!8m2!3d17.403954!4d78.4650041|title=Lakdi-ka-pul metro station }}

{{Hyderabad Metro|red line=yes}}

[[Category:Hyderabad Metro stations]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in Telangana]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2017]]

Tamil nationalism

2025-11-25T07:38:34Z

RondaWaddell840: updated page

{{Short description|Ideology based on a Tamil nation}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2017}}
{{Tamils}}
{{Nationalism sidebar|all}}
[[File:Tamil Nadu government will be announced tamil vallka light board.jpg|thumb|A lightboard that reads ''Long live Tamil'' (''Tamil Valga'' in Tamil) outside a public building in [[Tamil Nadu]].]]
'''Tamil nationalism ''' is the ideology which asserts that the [[Tamils|Tamil people]] constitute a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Tamil people. Tamil nationalism is primarily a [[secular]] nationalism, that focus on language and homeland.<ref>Religious Nationalism: A Reference Handbook: A Reference Handbook, Atalia Omer, Jason A. Springs (2013)</ref> It expresses itself in the form of [[linguistic purism]] ("[[Pure Tamil]]"), linguistic [[nationalism]], [[social equality]] ("[[Self-Respect Movement]]") and [[Tamil Renaissance]].

Since the independence of [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]], Tamil separatist movements have been actively suppressed in both countries.<ref>India, Sri Lanka and the Tamil crisis, 1976–1994: an international perspective (1995), Alan J. Bullion, p.32.</ref>

==Sri Lanka==
{{Main|Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism}}
Since the adoption of the [[Vaddukoddai Resolution]] in 1976 under the leadership of [[S.J.V. Chelvanayakam]], Tamil nationalists in Sri Lanka have repeatedly attempted to create an independent state ([[Tamil Eelam]])<ref name=Hin>{{cite web |title=TULF leader passes away |author=DBS Jeyaraj |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/06/stories/2002060603761100.htm |publisher=Hindu News |access-date=2008-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124134744/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/06/stories/2002060603761100.htm |archive-date=2009-01-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> amid the increasing political and physical violence against ordinary Tamils by the Sri Lankan government which was dominated by [[Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism]].

Shortly after the island's independence from [[British Ceylon|Britain]], the Sri Lankan government passed the [[Ceylon Citizenship Act|Citizenship Act of 1948]], which made more than a million [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka|Tamils of Indian origin]] stateless. The government also passed a [[Sinhala Only Act]], which severely threatened the status of Tamil as a minority language, as well as hindering the social mobility of Tamil speakers.[https://www.scribd.com/doc/12755079/Genocide-of-Tamils-in-Sri-Lanka-The-Unspeakable-Truth-BTF-Publication]. In addition, the government also initiated the [[Sri Lankan state-sponsored colonisation schemes|state-sponsored colonisation schemes]], with the aim of lessening the numerical presence of minorities as well as monopolising traditionally shared economic activities such as agriculture and fisheries, which have been part of the livelihood of [[Sri Lankan Tamils]] since time immemorial.<ref>''Scarred Communities: Psychosocial Impact of Man-made and Natural Disasters on Sri Lankan Society'' by Daya Somasundaram, 2014</ref>

After anti-Tamil [[pogrom]]s in [[1956 Ceylonese riots|1956]], [[1958 anti-Tamil pogrom|1958]] and [[1977 anti-Tamil pogrom|1977]] and [[police brutality]] against Tamils protesting against these acts, guerilla groups like [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE) were created to safeguard the interest and rights of Tamils in their own land. The [[burning of Jaffna library]] in 1981 and [[Black July]] in 1983 finally led to over 25 years of war between the [[Sri Lankan army]] and the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|Tamil Tigers]]. Persistent use of violence, including assassinations, led the LTTE to be declared as a [[terrorist organization]] by India, Malaysia, the European Union, Canada, and the United states. The civil war came to an end in 2009 with the military defeat of LTTE and the death of its leader, [[Prabhakaran]]. The [[Sri Lankan civil war]] led to death of over 100,000 people according to the [[UN|United Nations]].<ref>{{Cite news| url = https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-05-20/up-to-100000-killed-in-sri-lankas-civil-war-un/1689524| title = Up to 100,000 killed in Sri Lanka's civil war: UN| website = ABC News| date = 20 May 2009| language = en-AU| access-date = 2016-03-01}}</ref> The Sri Lankan Government are alleged to have committed [[war crimes]] against the civilian Sri Lankan Tamil people during the final months of the [[Eelam War IV]] phase in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2010/05/20/sri-lanka-new-evidence-wartime-abuses|title=Sri Lanka: New Evidence of Wartime Abuses|website=Human Rights Watch|date=20 May 2010 |access-date=2016-03-09}}</ref> A [[Permanent Peoples' Tribunal|PPT]] verdict declared it as a [[genocide]] committed against ethnic Tamils by the Sri Lanka, government.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ptsrilanka.org/en/verdict| title = Permanent Peoples' Tribunal verdict on Tamil Genocide| website = PT Srilanka}}</ref> Following the conclusion of the Civil War, the [[Tamil National Alliance]] (TNA) dropped their demand for an independent Tamil Eelam<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2010 |title=Sri Lankan Tamil alliance drops independence demand |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/14/sri-lanka-tamils-self-rule |newspaper=The Guardian |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> in favour of [[decentralization|regional autonomy]] in a remerged [[North Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|North Eastern Province]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramakrishnan |first=T. |date=25 July 2015 |title=TNA reiterates self determination, North-East re-merger |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/tna-reiterates-self-determination-northeast-remerger/article7464674.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref> The idea of [[Federalism in Sri Lanka]] is opposed by the Sri Lankan Government, which prefers a [[unitary state]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2017 |title=Sri Lanka: TNA threatens to quit constitution process if terms not met |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/sri-lanka-tna-threatens-to-quit-constitution-process-if-terms-not-met-4475365/ |website=The Indian Express |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref>

In 2010, the [[Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam]] (TGTE) was founded by [[Visvanathan Rudrakumaran]] who aim to create an independent Tamil Eelam in peaceful democratic means. The [[Tamil People's Council]] (TPC) led by chief minister [[C. V. Vigneswaran]] organized "[[Eluga Tamil]]" ("Arise, Tamils") rally in northern [[Jaffna]] and eastern [[Batticaloa]] to address that Tamil rights are still refused by Sri Lankan Government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2017 |title=Large crowds gather at 'Eluga Tamil' rally in Batticaloa |url=https://colombogazette.com/2017/02/10/large-crowds-gather-at-eluga-tamil-rally-in-batticaloa/ |website=Colombo Gazette}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url =http://www.dailymirror.lk/116325/-Eluga-Tamil-demonstration-in-Jaffna| title = 'Eluga Tamil' demonstration in Jaffna| website = dailymirror.lk}}</ref>

==India==

Indian Tamil Nationalism comprises the vast majority of [[Dravidian Nationalism]] which consisted of all the four major Dravidian languages in [[South India]]. Dravidian Nationalism was popularised by a series of small movements and organisations who contended that the South Indians composed a cultural entity that was different from the [[Indo-Aryans]] of North India. A new morphed ideology of Dravidian nationalism gained momentum within the Tamil speakers during the 1930s and 1950s. Dravidian nationalism failed to find support outside of Tamil Nadu. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Nationalist ideologies lead to the argument by Tamil leaders that, at a minimum, that Tamils must have self-determination or, at maximum, secession from India.<ref name=Kohli2004>{{cite journal
|author = Kohli, A.
|year = 2004
|title = Federalism and the Accommodation of Ethnic Nationalism
|journal = Federalism and Territorial Cleavages
|pages = 285–288
|isbn = 9780801874086
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=49O1L3LzkVgC&pg=PA281
|access-date = 2008-04-25
}}</ref> By the late 1960, the political parties who were espousing Dravidian ideologies gained power only within the state of Tamil Nadu.<ref>Caste, Nationalism and Ethnicity: An Interpretation of Tamil Cultural History and Social Order, p. 57-71.</ref><ref name=Moorti2004>{{cite journal
|author = Moorti, S.
|year = 2004
|title = Fashioning a Cosmopolitan Tamil Identity: Game Shows, Commodities and Cultural Identity
|journal = Media, Culture & Society
|volume = 26
|issue = 4
|pages = 549–567
|doi = 10.1177/0163443704044217
|s2cid = 145618990
}}</ref>

Since the 1967 election victory of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) under [[C N Annadurai]], Tamil nationalism has been a permanent feature of the government of Tamil Nadu. The DMK came to power positively on the plank of opposing Hindi monopoly/imposition. Prior to coming to power, they also openly declared to fight for Tamil independence from India. But since the Indian government had added a new legislation that outlawed anyone wanting independence from India, under the sedition act, and that made political parties to lose their right to stand in election, the DMK dropped this demand. With this, the drive for secession became weaker with most mainstream political parties, except a few, who instead committed to development of Tamil Nadu within a united India. Most major Tamil Nadu regional parties such as DMK, [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]] (VCK), [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] (PMK) and [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (MDMK) frequently participate as coalition partners of other pan-Indian parties in the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]] at [[New Delhi]].

=== Tamil secessionist and militants groups===

In 1958, [[S. P. Adithanar]] founded the "We Tamils" party who supported the creation of a homogeneous [[Greater Tamil Nadu]] incorporating Tamil speaking areas of India and Sri Lanka. In 1960, the party organized a statewide protest which demanded the establishment of a sovereign [[Tamil Nadu]]. During the protest maps of [[Republic of India]] (with [[Tamil Nadu]] left out) were burnt. The We Tamils party lost the elections of 1962 and was merged in 1967 with the DMK.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alphabet-xyz.club/blog/2015/09/15/we-tamils-party-s-p-adithanar/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212935/http://alphabet-xyz.club/blog/2015/09/15/we-tamils-party-s-p-adithanar/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 June 2021|title=We Tamils party S. P. Adithanar|publisher=WordPress}}</ref><ref>Dynamics of Tamil Nadu Politics in Sri Lankan Ethnicity, chapter IV</ref> The outbreak of the [[Sri Lankan civil war]] between the Majority Sinhalese and indigenous Tamils lead the Tamil nationalism in India to take a new shape. In India small Tamil militant groups emerged such as [[Tamil Nadu Liberation Army]] led by Thamizharasan, who aspired to an independent [[Tamil Nadu]]. After his death, the group is believed to have splintered into factions. The TNLA was [[List of organisations banned by the Government of India|banned by the Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/TNLA.htm|title=Tamil Nadu Liberation Army (TNLA)|publisher=www.satp.org}}</ref> Another banned Tamil secessionist group in India was the [[Tamil National Retrieval Troops]] (TNRT) founded by P. Ravichandran in the late-1980s. TNRT, a Tamil Nationalist organization, fought for an independent Tamil homeland and followed the goal to unite [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Tamil Eelam]] to be a Greater Tamil Nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/TNRT.htm|title=Tamil National Retrieval Troops (TNRT)|publisher=www.satp.org}}</ref>

===Support for Sri Lankan Tamils===

In October 2008, amid intensified in shelling on Tamil civilian areas by the Sri Lankan military, with the army moving in on the [[LTTE]] and the navy battling the latter's sea patrol, Indian Tamil MP's, including those supporting the Singh government in the DMK and PMK, threatened to resign en masse if the Indian government did not pressure the Lankan government to cease firing on civilians. In response, the Indian government reported it had upped the ante on the Lankan government to ease tensions.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/India_asks_Lanka_to_protect_civilians/articleshow/3610295.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=India asks Lanka to protect civilians | date=18 October 2008}}</ref>

[[K. Muthukumar]], a Tamil journalist and activist in Tamil Nadu committed suicide, because the government failed to save [[Sri Lankan Tamils]]. His death instantly triggered [[Protests against the Sri Lankan civil war|widespread strikes, demonstrations and public unrest]] in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salem-news.com/articles/february082012/tamil-immolation-tk.php|title=Indian journalist's self-immolation was an attempt to prevent Sri Lanka's Tamil Genocide |publisher=salem-news.com}}</ref> There is also deep resentment against India among some Tamils, that it aided the Sri Lankan state in the 2009 genocide.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indian-forces-took-part-in-Lankan-war-Plea/articleshow/33758131.cms|title=Indian forces took part in Lankan war: Plea|newspaper=Times Of India|date=15 April 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/international/story/20071008-sri-lanka-a-call-for-arms-734264-2007-09-27|title=Sri Lanka: A call for arms|publisher=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=1502|title=Russia and India to sell arms to Sri Lanka |publisher=Tamil Guardian}}</ref> This led to minor incidents like Tamil nationalists turning out in support of the Eelam rebels when Chennai-based ''[[The Hindu]]'' was alleged to have been supporting the Government of Sri Lanka. Editor-in-Chief of The Hindu, N Ram named members of the [[Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam]], [[Thamizh Thesiya Periyakkam]], some lawyers, and law college students as responsible for incidents of vandalism at their offices.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

The Tamil nationalist party [[Naam Tamilar Katchi]] arose 18 May 2010 as a result of the bloody end of the Sri Lankan civil war. Main agenda of this party is the liberation of [[Tamil Eelam]], here only Tamils should rule in Tamil Nadu and to spread the importance of Tamil language and unity of Tamils, irrespective of religion and caste.<ref name="tvb">{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article193786.ece | title=Seeman calls for vote bank to protect Tamils | publisher=The New Indian Express | access-date=7 April 2015 | archive-date=18 April 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418125809/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article193786.ece | url-status=dead }}</ref>

2013 it came to series of [[2013 Anti-Sri Lanka protests|Anti-Sri Lanka protests]] initiated by the [[Students Federation for Freedom of Tamil Eelam]]. The students demanded justice for Sri Lankan Tamils and a UN referendum on the formation of [[Tamil Eelam]].<ref>{{cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=Students across Tamil Nadu join anti-Lanka stir |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Students-across-Tamil-Nadu-join-anti-Lanka-stir/articleshow/19026952.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Tamil organizations, parties and the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu demand an International Investigation of [[Alleged war crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War|Sri Lankan war crimes]] and a UN referendum among [[Sri Lankan Tamils]] on the formation of [[Tamil Eelam]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Jayalalithaa-calls-for-a-referendum-on-separate-Eelam/articleshow/19239891.cms|title=Jayalalithaa calls for a referendum on separate Eelam|work=indiatimes.com|date=27 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tn-assembly-demands-referendum-on-eelam/article4554161.ece|title=T.N. Assembly demands referendum on Eelam|work=thehindu.com|date=27 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/tamil-nadu-assembly-calls-for-probe-into-sri-lankas-alleged-war-crimes-1218255|title=Tamil Nadu Assembly Calls for Probe Into Sri Lanka's Alleged War Crimes|work=ndtv.com}}</ref>

===Protests against Jallikattu ban===

The ban on [[Jallikattu]] was seen by Tamils as an attack on their culture and identity.<ref>{{cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Gladwin |date=2017-01-18 |title=Tamil Nadu witnesses sudden surge in protests for Jallikattu |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/tamil-nadu-witnesses-sudden-surge-in-protests-for-jallikattu/articleshow/56646352.cms |work=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref> In 2017, it came to a statewide [[2017 pro-jallikattu protests|pro-jallikattu protests]] in Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], which lasted several days. Tamils from all over the world expressed their solidarity with the protesters in Tamil Nadu. The government claimed that anti-national elements would be among the protesters who raised slogans for a separate [[Tamil Nadu]] and against [[India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/827379/on-the-fringes-of-jallikattu-protests-tamil-nationalism-attempts-to-emerge|title=On the fringes of jallikattu protests, Tamil nationalism attempts to emerge|work=scroll.in|date=23 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/anti-nationals-infiltrated-pro-jallikattu-protests-says-cm/355686.html|title=Anti-nationals infiltrated pro-jallikattu protests, says CM|work=tribuneindia.com|access-date=14 February 2017|archive-date=29 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729232538/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/anti-nationals-infiltrated-pro-jallikattu-protests-says-cm/355686.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Tamil rapper [[Hiphop Tamizha]] distanced himself from the protest, because he felt uncomfortable with the anti-national and secessionist elements in the protests.<ref>{{cite web |date=2017-01-23 |title=Hip Hop Tamizha Adhi distances from Jallikattu protests, says it has lost direction which had no impact on the protests until Tamil Nadu police used a brute force to arrest agitators |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2017/jan/22/hip-hop-tamizha-adhi-distances-from-jallikattu-protests-says-it-has-lost-direction-1562377.html |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Tamil cinema actor turned politician [[Kamal Haasan]] claimed that seeking a separate country for Tamils is not anti-national and that many political leaders have done so in the past.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/kamal-haasan-speech-about-separate-tamil-nadu-jallikattu-protest-violence-in-chennai-tamil-news-177390.html|title=People seeking separate Tamil Nadu are not anti-nationals"- Kamal Haasan|work=indiaglitz.com|access-date=14 February 2017|archive-date=26 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126161913/http://www.indiaglitz.com/kamal-haasan-speech-about-separate-tamil-nadu-jallikattu-protest-violence-in-chennai-tamil-news-177390.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Demand for state flag===

Officially [[Tamil Nadu]] does not have its own state flag and a flag like the [[Kannada flag]] of [[Karnataka]] is proposed for Tamil Nadu by various Tamil nationalists. [[Thanthai Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam]] and [[Naam Tamilar Katchi]] each hoisted different self-proclaimed Tamil Nadu flags on 1 November 2020 [[Tamil Nadu Day]]. The police warned and booked members for violating the [[Indian constitution]] by raising an unofficial flag for Tamil Nadu proceeded by Naam Tamilar Katchi among the public.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/activists-warned-against-hoisting-flag/article32994105.ece|title=Activists warned against hoisting flag |work=The Hindu|date=31 October 2020 |last1=Kumar |first1=S. Vijay }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/police-book-ntk-functionaries-for-hoisting-tamil-nadu-flag/article32998815.ece |title= Police book NTK functionaries for hoisting 'Tamil Nadu' flag |work=The Hindu|date= November 2020 }}</ref>

===2022 response to Amit Shah's Hindi unity proposal===
On 3 July 2022, as a response to Indian Home Minister [[Amit Shah|Amit Shah's]] Hindi proposal to be the nationwide link language, DMK politician [[A. Raja]] said that the Union government is not giving the state autonomy and the Prime Minister and the Home Minister should not force them into demanding a "''thani nadu''" (separate nation) while speaking at a meeting held for [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] local body representatives, in the presence of Chief Minister [[M. K. Stalin|M K Stalin]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-05 |title='Propagates separatism' — A. Raja's 'separate Tamil Nadu' comment draws BJP, AIADMK rebuke |url=https://theprint.in/politics/propagates-separatism-a-rajas-separate-tamil-nadu-comment-draws-bjp-aiadmk-rebuke/1024655/ |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Janardhanan |first=Arun |date=2022-07-07 |title=DMK MP Raja's heated pitch on 'separate Tamil Nadu', autonomy sets off fiery row |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/dmk-mp-raja-heated-pitch-on-separate-tamil-nadu-autonomy-8008646/ |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaubey |first=Santosh |date=2022-07-06 |title=Making 'Separate Country' Comment, DMK's A Raja Cites Periyar, But He Dumped The Dream 66 Yrs Ago |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/while-making-separate-country-comment-dmks-a-raja-cites-periyar-but-he-dumped-the-dream-66-years-ago-5497453.html |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-04 |title=Don't nudge us to seek independent Tamil Nadu: DMK's A. Raja seeks autonomy with CM Stalin on stage |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/dont-nudge-us-to-seek-independent-tamil-nadu-dmks-a-raja-seeks-autonomy-with-cm-stalin-on-stage/article65599513.ece |access-date=2022-07-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-04 |title=DMK's A Raja says don't push us to walk Periyar's path for separate Tamil Nadu, sparks row |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dmks-a-raja-says-don-t-push-us-to-walk-periyar-s-path-for-separate-tamil-nadu-101656940583584.html |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><blockquote>“Prime Minister Narendra Modi says all states are to be seen the same, and Home Minister Amit Shah says if you want unity, learn Hindi. The party’s founding father [[Periyar]], until [his] death, demanded a ''thani nadu''. But we (DMK) kept aside that demand for our democracy and national integrity, So, I am saying this with the utmost humility. Our CM is travelling in Anna’s [<nowiki/>[[C. N. Annadurai]]] path so far, do not push us into following Periyar’s path. Do not make us revive our demand for a separate state”<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /></blockquote>DMK immediately distanced itself from the comments and said that the comments made in support of a separate nation is not the stand of the party.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Tamil Nadu [[BJP]] chief K. Annamalai even opposed Amit Shah's Hindi push.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 April 2022 |title=Amit Shah Pushes for Hindi; Tamil Nadu BJP Chief Annamalai Says 'Won't Allow' |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/breaking-news/hindi-imposition-remark-amit-shah-tamil-nadu-bjp-leader-k-annamalai-opposes |website=The Quint |agency=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref>

==Linguistic purism==
[[File:Tamil distribution.png|thumb|Distribution of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] speakers in South India and Sri Lanka (1961).]]
{{main|Pure Tamil}}

===History===
{{further|Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu}}
The anti-Hindi agitation was a form of resistance to the imposition of the Hindi language throughout India. [[C. Rajagopalachari]] (Rajaji) tried to impose Hindi as the national language, with Hindi taught in all Indian schools. This move was opposed by Periyar, who started an agitation that lasted for about three years. The agitation involved fasts, conferences, marches, picketing and protests. The government responded with a crackdown resulting in the death of two protesters and the arrest of 1,198 persons including women and children. The Congress Government of the Madras State, called in paramilitary forces to quell the agitation; their involvement resulted in the deaths of about seventy persons (by official estimates) including two policemen. Several Tamil leaders supported the continuation of the usage of English as the official language of India. To calm the situation, Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri gave assurances that English would continue to be used as the official language as long the non-Hindi speaking states wanted. The riots subsided after Shastri's assurance, as did the student agitation.

Four states – [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Rajasthan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barandbench.com/index.php?title=Language%20in%20Courts%20-%20a%20bridge%20or%20a%20barrier?&page=brief&id=805&gn=0|title=Bar & Bench}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>- have been granted the right to conduct proceedings in their High Courts in their official language, which, for all of them, was Hindi. However, the only non-Hindi state to seek a similar power – [[Tamil Nadu]], which sought the right to conduct proceedings in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] in its [[Madras High Court|High Court]] – had its application rejected by the central government earlier, which said it was advised to do so by the Supreme Court.<ref>{{citation |last= |title=Karunanidhi stands firm on Tamil in High Court |date=12 March 2007 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |pages=1 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/12/stories/2007031205180100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313221430/http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/12/stories/2007031205180100.htm |archive-date=13 March 2007 |url-status=dead |location=Chennai, India}}.</ref> In 2006, the law ministry said that it would not object to Tamil Nadu state's desire to conduct [[Madras High Court]] proceedings in [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/03/stories/2006120306220800.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107191048/http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/03/stories/2006120306220800.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-01-07|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2006-12-03|title=No objection to Tamil as court language: A.P. Shah}}</ref><ref>[http://www.silobreaker.com/DocumentReader.aspx?Item=5_848171789 Silobreaker: Make Tamil the language of Madras High Court: Karu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230004201/http://www.silobreaker.com/DocumentReader.aspx?Item=5_848171789|date=2008-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/21/stories/2008042159970800.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430135931/http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/21/stories/2008042159970800.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-04-30|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2008-04-21|title=Karunanidhi hopeful of Centre's announcement}}</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/iep/sunday/story/299161.html indianexpress.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080425182337/http://www.indianexpress.com/iep/sunday/story/299161.html|date=2008-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/pressrelease/archives/pr2007/pr110307/pr110307_45.pdf|title=Government of Tamil Nadu : Archives of Press Releases – Tamil Nadu Government Portal|work=tn.gov.in}}</ref> In 2010, the Chief Justice of the [[Madras High Court]] allowed lawyers to argue cases in Tamil ...<ref>{{cite news|title= Advocate argues in Tamil in High Court |url=https://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article443474.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402175831/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article443474.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 April 2015|access-date=27 June 2010|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=23 June 2010}}</ref>

===Basis in pre-modern literature===

Although [[nationalism]] itself is a modern phenomenon, the expression of linguistic identity found in the modern [[Pure Tamil]] movement has pre-modern antecedents, in a "loyalty to Tamil" (as opposed to Sanskrit) visible in ancient [[Sangam literature]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Steever|1987|p=355}}</ref>
The poems of Sangam literature imply a consciousness of independence or separateness from neighbouring regions.<ref>{{Harvnb|Abraham|2003|pp=211, 217}}</ref> Similarly, [[Silappatikaram|Silappadhikaaram]], a post-Sangam epic, posits cultural integrity for the entire Tamil region<ref name=Sub1981p23-24>{{Harvnb|Subrahmanian|1981|pp=23–24}}</ref> and has been interpreted by Parthasarathy as presenting "an expansive vision of the Tamil imperium" which "speaks for all Tamils."<ref>{{Harvnb|Parthasarathy|1993|pp=1–2}}</ref> Subrahmanian sees in the epic the first expression of Tamil nationalism,<ref name=Sub1981p23-24 /> while Parthasarathy says that the epic shows "the beginnings of Tamil separatism."<ref>{{Harvnb|Parthasarathy|1993|p=344}}</ref>

Medieval Tamil texts also demonstrate features of modern Tamil linguistic purism, most notably the claim of parity of status with Sanskrit which was traditionally seen in the rest of the Indian subcontinent as being a prestigious, trans-local language. Texts on [[Meter (poetry)|prosody]] and [[poetics]] such as the 10th century Yaapparungalakkaarihai and the 11th century Vīrasōḻiyam, for example, treat Tamil as the equal of [[Sanskrit]] in terms of literary prestige, and use the rhetorical device of describing Tamil as a beautiful young lady and as a pure, divine language<ref>{{Harvnb|Monius|2000|pp=12–13}}</ref> both of which are also central in modern Tamil nationalism.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ramaswamy|1993|pp=690–698}}</ref> [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavite]]<ref>{{Harvnb|Narayanan|1994|p=26}}</ref> and [[Shaivism|Shaivite]]<ref>{{Harvnb|Peterson|1982|p=77}}</ref> commentators took the claim of divinity one step further, claiming for Tamil a liturgical status, and seeking to endow Tamil texts with the status of a "[[fifth Veda]]."<ref>{{Harvnb|Cutler|Peterson|Piḷḷāṉ|Carman|1991|p=770}}.</ref>
Vaishnavite commentators such as [[Nanjiyar]] went one step further, declaring that people who were not Tamil lamented the fact that they were not born in a place where such a wonderful language was spoken.<ref>{{Harvnb|Clooney|1992|pp=205–206}}</ref> This trend was not universal, and there were also authors who sought to argue and work against Tamil distinctiveness through, amongst other things, [[Sanskritisation]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Pandian|1994|p=87}}; {{Harvnb|Kailasapathy|1979|p=32}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Dravida Nadu]]
* [[Perunchithiranar (Tamil nationalist)|Perunchithiranar]]
* [[Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
* [[Veerappan]]
* [[Separatism in India]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Refbegin|2}}
*{{Citation|last=Abraham|first=Shinu|title=Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using archaeological evidence to identify the Tamil kingdoms of early historic South India | journal=Asian Perspectives | year=2003 | volume=42 | issue=2 | pages=207–223|doi=10.1353/asi.2003.0031| hdl=10125/17189 |s2cid=153420843 | hdl-access=free }}
*{{Citation | last = Clooney | first = Francis X. | title = Extending the Canon: Some Implications of a Hindu Argument about Scripture | journal = The Harvard Theological Review | volume = 85| issue = 2 | year = 1992 | pages = 197–215| doi = 10.1017/S0017816000028856 | s2cid = 170205038 }}
*{{Citation | last1 = Cutler | first1 = Norman | title = Tamil Bhakti in Translation | journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society | volume = 111 | issue = 4 | pages = 768–775 | year = 1991 | doi = 10.2307/603406 | publisher = Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 111, No. 4 | last2 = Peterson | first2 = Indira Viswanathan | last3 = Piḷḷāṉ | last4 = Carman | first4 = John | last5 = Narayanan | first5 = Vasudha | last6 = Pillan | jstor = 603406}}
*{{Citation|last=Kailasapathy | first=K. | year = 1979 |title = The Tamil Purist Movement: A re-evaluation |journal = Social Scientist | volume = 7 | issue = 10 |doi=10.2307/3516775|pages=23–51|publisher=Social Scientist, Vol. 7, No. 10|jstor=3516775 }}
*{{Citation|last=Kohli|first=A.|year = 2004|chapter = Federalism and the Accommodation of Ethnic Nationalism|editor1-last = Amoretti | editor1-first=Ugo M. | editor2-last=Bermeo | editor2-first=Nancy | title = Federalism and Territorial Cleavages | publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press | place=Baltimore | pages = 281–299 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=49O1L3LzkVgC&dq=Federalism+and+the+Accommodation+of+Ethnic+Nationalism+A+Kohli&pg=PA281
|access-date = 2008-04-25 | isbn=0-8018-7408-4}}
*{{Citation | last=Monius | first=Anne | s2cid=140492963 | authorlink=Anne E. Monius|title= The many lives of Dandin: The Kavyadarsha in Sanskrit and Tamil | journal=[[International Journal of Hindu Studies]] | volume=4 | issue=1 | year=2000 | pages=1–37 | doi=10.1007/s11407-000-0001-x}}
*{{Citation|last=Moorti|first=S.|year = 2004|title = Fashioning a Cosmopolitan Tamil Identity: Game Shows, Commodities and Cultural Identity|journal = Media, Culture & Society|volume = 26|issue = 4|pages = 549–567|doi = 10.1177/0163443704044217|s2cid=145618990 }}
*{{Citation |last=Narayanan |first=Vasudha |title=The Vernacular Veda: Revelation, Recitation, and Ritual |year=1994 |publisher=University of South Carolina Press |series=Studies in Comparative Religion |isbn=0-87249-965-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/vernacularvedare00nara }}
*{{Citation | last = Palanithurai | first = G. | year = 1989 | title = Changing Contours of Ethnic Movement: A Case Study of the Dravidian Movement
| series = Annamalai University Dept. of Political Science Monograph series, No. 2 | publisher = Annamalai University | place = Annamalainagar }}
*{{Citation|last=Pandian | first=M.S.S. | year = 1994 |title = Notes on the transformation of 'Dravidian' ideology: Tamilnadu, c. 1900–1940 |journal = Social Scientist | volume = 22 | issue = 5/6 |doi=10.2307/3517904|pages=84–104|publisher=Social Scientist, Vol. 22, No. 5/6|jstor=3517904 }}
*{{Citation | last=Parthasarathy | first=R. | title=The Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal: An Epic of South India | publisher=Columbia University Press | place=New York | year=1993 | isbn=0-231-07848-X}}
*{{Citation | last = Peterson | first = Indira V. | title = Singing of a Place: Pilgrimage as Metaphor and Motif in the Tēvāram Songs of the Tamil Śaivite Saints | journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society | volume = 102 | issue = 1 | pages = 69–90 | year = 1982 | doi = 10.2307/601112 | publisher = Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 102, No. 1 | jstor = 601112}}.
*{{cite journal |last=Ramaswamy |first=Sumathi |title=En/gendering Language: The Poetics of Tamil Identity |date=October 1993 |journal= Comparative Studies in Society and History |volume=35 |number=4 |pages=683–725 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/S0010417500018673 |jstor=179179|s2cid=145729544 }}
*{{Citation|last=Steever|first=Sanford|title=Review of Hellmar-Rajanayagam, Tamil als politisches Symbol|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|year=1987|volume=107|issue=2|pages=355–356|doi=10.2307/602864|jstor=602864 }}
*{{Citation | last=Subrahmanian | first=N. | title=An introduction to Tamil literature | publisher=Christian Literature Society | place=Madras | year=1981}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Nationalism in South Asia}}
{{Ethnic nationalism}}
{{Portalbar|India}}

[[Category:Tamil nationalism| ]]
[[Category:Tamil politics|Nationalism]]
[[Category:Politics of India]]
[[Category:Nationalism in India]]
[[Category:Dravidian movement]]
[[Category:Nationalist movements in Asia]]
[[Category:Nationalist movements in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Indigenous nationalism]]

Navami

2025-11-24T17:16:16Z

RondaWaddell840: fixed issues

{{Short description|Ninth day of the lunar fortnight in the Hindu calendar}}
'''Navami''' ({{Langx|sa|नवमी|translit=Navamī}}) is the [[Sanskrit]] word for "ninth", and is the ninth day in the lunar fortnight (''[[Paksha]]'') of the [[Hindu calendar]]. Each month has two Navami days, being the ninth day of the "bright" (''Shukla'') and of the "dark" (''Krishna'') fortnights respectively.<ref>{{cite book |author=Manish Verma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4gzFFLdBoYC&pg=PA10 |title=Fasts and Festivals of India |location=New Delhi |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books |year=2013 |isbn=9788171820764 |page=10 }}</ref> Navami occurs on the ninth and the twenty-fourth day of each month.

==Festivals==
* [[Sri Rama Navami|Rama Navami]] is a Hindu festival, celebrating of the birth of the deity [[Rama]]. It is celebrated on the ''navami'' of [[Shukla Paksha]] of the [[Chaitra]] month.
* [[Sita Navami]] is a Hindu festival, celebrating the birth of the goddess [[Devi Sita|Sita]]. It is celebrated on the ''navami'' of the ''Shukla Paksha'' of the [[Vaisakha|Vaishakha]] month.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sita Navami 2022: History, significance and puja muhurat |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-sita-navami-2022-history-significance-and-puja-muhurat-2951871 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Swaminarayan Jayanti]] is a Hindu festival celebrating the birth of [[Swaminarayan]]. It is celebrated in [[Chaitra]] month on the ninth day which actually falls onto [[Sri Rama Navami|Rama Navami]].
* [[Nandotsava]] is celebrated on [[Bhadra (Hindu calendar)|Bhadrapada]] Krishna Navami, the day after the [[Krishna Janmashtami]] festival. It is celebrated to commemorate the celebrations of [[Krishna|Krishna's]] foster-father [[Nanda (Hinduism)|Nanda]] after the birth of the deity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nandotsava |url=https://iskcondesiretree.com/page/nandotsava-1 |accessdate=3 November 2020 |website=iskcondesiretree.com}}</ref>

* [[Maha navami|Maha Navami]] (Great Ninth Day) is part of [[Navaratri]] celebrations. ''Sharada Navaratri'' is the most important of the Navaratris, and is celebrated during the [[Sharada (season)|Sharada season]] (autumn). [[Ayudha Puja]] or Astra Puja is an integral part of the [[Vijayadashami]] festival, a Hindu festival traditionally celebrated in India.

*Akshaya Navami is celebrated on [[Kārtika (month)|Kartika]] Shukla Navami (nine days after the Hindu festival [[Diwali]]). The day marks the date regarded to mark the beginning of the [[Satya Yuga]], and hence is also called ''Satya Yugadi''. On this day, [[Gooseberry|amala]] (Indian gooseberry) trees are ritually worshipped as a manifestation of [[Vishnu]], and hence this day is also known as ''Amala Navami.''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-02 |title=Akshay Navami 2022: Date, Time, Puja Vidhi and Significance |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/rituals-puja/akshay-navami-2022-date-time-puja-vidhi-and-significance/articleshow/95215524.cms |access-date=2023-03-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
The Hindu saint Sri Guru [[Raghavendra Swami]] was born on [[Phalguna]] Shukla Navami, when the moon was in [[Mrigashīrsha]] [[Nakshatra]], in 1595 CE and advocated Madhvacharya's Dvaita philosophy.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Tithi}}

[[Category:Hindu calendar]]
[[Category:Days of the Hindu calendar|09]]

{{Hindu-festival-stub}}

Apsara Reddy

2025-10-16T00:28:57Z

RondaWaddell840: fixed issues

{{Short description|Indian politician and journalist}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{BLP sources|date=April 2016}}
'''Apsara Reddy''' (born '''Ajay Reddy''') is an Indian [[trans woman]] politician and journalist.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/interview/41152.html|title="எனக்கு நானே ஒரு கிஃப்ட்!" - அப்சரா ரெட்டி {{!}} அப்சரா ரெட்டி|date=2013-07-11|website=www.vikatan.com/|language=ta|access-date=2019-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112195124/https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/interview/41152.html|archive-date=12 January 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was earlier inducted as National Spokesperson of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) by former Chief Minister [[J. Jayalalithaa]] in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2020/nov/20/after-khushbu-sundar-apsara-reddy-deserts-congress-to-rejoin-aiadmk-2225904.html|title = After Khushbu Sundar, Apsara Reddy deserts Congress, to rejoin AIADMK| date=20 November 2020 }}</ref><ref name="supportive">{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/apsara-reddy-on-how-supportive-the-city-has-been-to-her/article68497395.ece |title=Apsara Reddy on how supportive the city has been to her |date=August 8, 2024 |website=The Hindu |access-date=September 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807202201/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/apsara-reddy-on-how-supportive-the-city-has-been-to-her/article68497395.ece |archive-date=August 7, 2024}}</ref> On 8 January 2018, Reddy became the first transgender person to hold office in the Congress. She returned to the AIADMK and campaigned as its star campaigner in the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021 State elections]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-05|title=Apsara Reddy, Congress Party's First Transgender Office-Bearer, On Life, Love And Politics|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/apsara-reddy-congress-partys-first-transgender-office-bearer-on-life-love-and-politics_in_5c59b675e4b087104757e287|access-date=2021-03-31|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref>
{{Infobox politician
| name =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_place =[[Madras]]
| occupation = Senior Journalist/Politician/Social Activist
| party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (from April 2020)
|otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]] (September 2018 to April 2020)
| module =
{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes
| office =
Official Spokesperson (National TV), AIADMK
(Current)
National General Secretary of All India Mahila Congress (2018-2020)

}}
| website =
}}

==Early life and education==

Reddy has a BA degree in Journalism from [[Monash University]] and an MA in Broadcasting with a special focus on Developmental Economics from the [[City University London|City University]] in [[London]]. She was the Overseas Students Service's President at Monash University.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Digital |first1=Zimble |url=https://qrius.com/meet-apsara-reddy-congresss-first-transgender-womens-wing-general-secretary/|title=Meet Apsara Reddy, Congress's first transgender women's wing general secretary|date=2019-01-10|website=Qrius|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-05-25}}</ref>

==Career==
Reddy has worked with the ''[[BBC World Service]]'', ''[[The Hindu]]'',<ref name="supportive"/> '' [[Commonwealth Secretariat]]'' in London,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fiftyshadesofgay.co.in/apsara-reddy-becomes-first-transgender-office-bearer-in-congresss-history/|title=Apsara Reddy Becomes First Transgender Office-bearer In Congress's History|date=2019-01-09|website=FIFTY SHADES OF GAY|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-05-25|archive-date=25 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525070710/http://fiftyshadesofgay.co.in/apsara-reddy-becomes-first-transgender-office-bearer-in-congresss-history/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[New Indian Express]]'' and ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''. She has written columns on topics including consumerism, politics, celebrity lifestyles and education. She has interviewed [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Aishwarya Rai]], Ex PM Australia [[John Howard]], F1 racer [[Michael Schumacher]], [[AR Rahman]], and Hollywood star [[Nicolas Cage]]. She has also covered the tsunami from [[Sri Lanka]], [[India]] and [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsx.com/national/congress-appoints-transgender-person-apsara-reddy-as-general-secretary-of-its-women-wing|title=Congress appoints transgender activist Apsara Reddy as general secretary of its women wing|date=2019-01-08|website=NewsX|language=en|access-date=2019-05-25|archive-date=25 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525070710/https://www.newsx.com/national/congress-appoints-transgender-person-apsara-reddy-as-general-secretary-of-its-women-wing|url-status=dead}}</ref>

She has also worked at the Indian Consulate in [[Melbourne]] as a media adviser to the Consulate General, Dr. [[T.J. Rao]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Kundu | first=Sreemoyee Piu | title=How society made Apsara regret wanting to be transgender | website=dailyO | date=3 April 2016 | url=https://www.dailyo.in/lifestyle/transgender-woman-apsara-reddy-gay-marriage-homosexuality-lgbt-section-377-9865 | access-date=6 September 2024}}</ref>

Reddy also worked briefly with [[UNICEF]] to launch a health campaign across [[Tamil Nadu]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

Starting in 2013, she hosted a Tamil show [[Natpudan Apsara]] which aired on Thanthi TV.

She has also spoken at various high-profile platforms including the European Parliament Session in Madrid, The World Pride Summit, UNICEF and top institutions like Goldman Sachs, NASSCOM INDIA and even at Princeton University.

===Politics===
In May 2016, she joined the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]](AIADMK).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chennaionline.com/category/chennai-360/|title=Chennai 360 – Chennaionline|website=chennaionline.com}}</ref> Previously, she had joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in February 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/from-lotus-to-two-leaves-in-a-jiffy/article8582729.ece|title=From lotus to two leaves in a jiffy|date=11 May 2016|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>[http://en.hawkfeed.com/meet-apsara-reddy-indias-first-transgender-politician-from-bjp/5/ Meet Apsara Reddy, latest sensational Politician from BJP]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Third-gender-pitches-for-lead-role-in-politics/articleshow/51654698.cms|title=Third gender pitches for lead role in politics|first=Shilpa|last=Vasudevan|date=April 2, 2016|website=The Times of India}}</ref> In January 2019, she was appointed national general secretary of [[All India Mahila Congress]] by [[Rahul Gandhi]], making her the first transgender person to be appointed as a general secretary of any political party in India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://newsd.in/congress-appoints-apsara-reddy-as-the-first-transgender-officer-bearer/|title=Congress appoints Apsara Reddy as the first transgender National General Secretary of AIMC|work=Newsd www.newsd.in|access-date=2018-01-08|language=en}}</ref> In November 2020, she rejoined [[AIADMK]] ahead of the [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|upcoming Tamil Nadu assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2020/nov/20/after-khushbu-sundar-apsara-reddy-deserts-congress-to-rejoin-aiadmk-2225904.html |title=After Khushbu Sundar, Apsara Reddy deserts Congress, to rejoin AIADMK |date=20 November 2020 |website=New Indian Express |access-date=September 29, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 21, 2020 |title=Apsara Reddy rejoins AIADMK |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/apsara-reddy-rejoins-aiadmk/article33146250.ece |access-date=September 29, 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121053039/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/apsara-reddy-rejoins-aiadmk/article33146250.ece |archive-date=November 21, 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Apsara}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Alumni of City, University of London]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian transgender politicians]]
[[Category:Indian television journalists]]
[[Category:Indian transgender women]]
[[Category:Indian transgender writers]]
[[Category:Monash University alumni]]
[[Category:Transgender women writers]]
[[Category:Transgender women politicians]]

National Highway 29 (India, old numbering)

2025-10-14T18:01:33Z

RondaWaddell840: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[National Highway 24 (India)]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R with history}}
}}

Mumtaz Shikoh

2025-10-09T22:39:19Z

RondaWaddell840: quick update

{{Unreferenced|date=October 2025}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Mumtaz Shikoh مُمتاز شِکوہ
| image =
| caption =
| title = [[Shah]]zada of the [[Mughal Empire]]
| reign = India
| spouse =
| issue =
| house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]]
| father = [[Dara Shikoh]]
| mother = [[Nadira Banu|Nadira Banu Begum]]
| birth_date = 16 August 1643
| birth_place = [[Agra]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1647|12|6|1643|8|16|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Sirhind]], India
| burial_place = [[Lahore]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| burial_date =
| signature =

}}
'''[[Shah]]zada Mumtaz Shikoh''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|مُمتاز شِکوہ}}}}),
(16 August 1643 – 6 December 1647{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}) also known as '''Mumtaz Shukoh''', was the third son of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince [[Dara Shikoh]].

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Mumtaz Shikoh'''
|2= 2. [[Dara Shikoh|Dara Shukoh]]
|3= 3. [[Nadira Banu Begum]]
|4= 4. [[Shah Jahan|Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I, Mughal Emperor]]
|5= 5. [[Mumtaz Mahal]]
|6= 6. [[Parviz Mirza]]
|7= 7. Jahan Banu Begum
|8= 8. [[Jahangir|Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir, Mughal Emperor]] (= 12)
|9= 9. [[Jagat Gosain]]
|10= 10. [[Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan]]
|11= 11. Diwanji Begum
|12= 12. [[Jahangir|Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir, Mughal Emperor]] (= 8)
|13= 13. [[Sahib Jamal|Sahib-i-Jamal]]
|14= 14. [[Murad Mirza (son of Akbar)|Murad Mirza]]
|15=
|16= 16. [[Akbar|Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, Mughal Emperor]] (= 24, 28)
|17= 17. [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]] (= 25)
|18= 18. [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Udai Singh]], Raja of [[Jodhpur State|Marwar]]
|19=19. Manrang Devi of [[Gwalior]]
|20= 20. [[Mirza Ghiyas Beg|I'timad-ud-Daulah]]
|21= 21. [[Asmat Begam]]
|22=22. Ghias ud-din ‘Ali Asaf Khan
|23=
|24=24. [[Akbar|Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, Mughal Emperor]] (= 16, 28)
|25= 25. [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]] (= 17)
|26= 26. [[Khwaja]] Hasan of [[Herat]]
|27=
|28= 28. [[Akbar|Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, Mughal Emperor]] (= 16, 24)}}

==References==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mumutaz Shikoh}}
[[Category:1643 births]]
[[Category:1647 deaths]]
[[Category:Mughal princes]]
[[Category:People from Agra]]
[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]

{{India-royal-stub}}

Malkhed Fort

2025-08-20T10:53:02Z

RondaWaddell840:

{{Short description|Fortress in Karnataka}}
{{Infobox military installation
| name = Manyaketa Fort
| location = [[Malkheda]], [[Kalaburagi district]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| coordinates =
| image = Malkhed Fort.jpg
| type = Fortress
| height = 20 feet
| controlledby = [[Government of Karnataka]]
| open_to_public = yes
| condition = Ruins
| built = 9th Century
| builder = [[Amoghavarsha|Amoghavarsha I]] ([[Rashtrakuta]] Empire)
| materials = [[Limestone]]
}}
The '''Malkhed Fort''', (also known as the Manyakheta Fort) is located on the banks of the [[Kagna River|Kagina River]] in the district of [[Kalaburagi district|Gulbarga]] in the state of [[Karnataka]], India. Its construction attributed to the [[Rastrakutas|Rashtrakuta Emperor]] [[Amoghavarsha I]]. [[Manyakheta]] was the capital of the [[Rashtrakuta Empire]] from 814 AD to 968 AD, and after they were overthrown, it became the capital of the [[Western Chalukya Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grover |first=Neha |year=2023 |title=Malkhed Fort - Famous Universities of Ancient India - Art and Culture Notes |url=https://prepp.in/news/e-492-malkhed-fort-famous-universities-of-ancient-india-art-and-culture-notes |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Prepp |language=en}}</ref> The fort has four entrances and 52 bastions, and is over 20 feet tall. A [[Juma Masjid|Jumma Masjid]] and few [[dargahs]] can be found here.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malkheda Fort {{!}} Ancient Fort in Karnataka |url=https://karnatakatourism.org/tour-item/malkheda-fort/ |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Karnataka Tourism |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Forts in Karnataka}}

{{coord|17|11|36|N|77|09|24|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Forts in Karnataka]]

{{Karnataka-stub}}

Jaipur foot

2025-05-26T05:31:02Z

RondaWaddell840: Created Basic Info First Draft

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{short description|Prosthetic limb}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}

[[File:Japur foot production.jpg|thumb|A Jaipur foot in production]]

The '''Jaipur foot''', also known as the '''Jaipur leg''', is a rubber-based [[Artificial limb|prosthetic leg]] for people with below-knee [[amputation]]s. Although inferior in many ways to the composite carbon fibre variants, its variable applicability and cost efficiency make it an acceptable choice for prosthesis. Ram Chandra Sharma and orthopedic surgeon [[P. K. Sethi]] designed and developed it in 1968.<ref name="name">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.jaipurfoot.org/03_Technology_history.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903120321/http://www.jaipurfoot.org/03_Technology_history.asp |archive-date=3 September 2009 |publisher=Jaipur Foot|url-status=unfit}}</ref>

The Jaipur foot consists of a rubber core, wooden block and vulcanised rubber coating. It is a soft multi axial artificial foot and provides enough dorsiflexion to permit an amputee to squat. Use of the Jaipur foot is limited to prosthetic users at the level of household and limited community ambulation, since it is unsuitable for high level activities and sports or if the user must transverse uneven terrain.

==History==
The idea of the Jaipur foot was conceived by Ram Chander Sharma, a craftsman, and [[P. K. Sethi]], who was then the head of the Department of Orthopedics at [[Sawai Man Singh Medical College]] in Jaipur.<ref name="Time">{{Cite magazine |last=McGirk |first=Tim |date=18 January 2008 |title=The $28 Foot |magazine=Time |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,987107,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118073140/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,987107,00.html |access-date=20 November 2021|archive-date=18 January 2008 }}</ref> Existing prosthetic feet did not allow users to go barefoot, squat or sit crosslegged, or work in muddy fields, all of which were common in poorer areas of India. Sharma and Sethi set out to design a cheap foot that could work for this cultural context.

The Jaipur foot was named after [[Jaipur]], [[India]], where it was designed.

==Design==
[[File:Machinery used for manufacturing Jayapur foot.jpg|Machinery used for manufacturing a Jaipur foot|thumb]]

The Jaipur foot is composed of a wooden ankle and a rubber heel and forefoot section, all surrounded by a thin outer layer of tire cord, a rubber composite.<ref name="Wolynski">{{Cite journal |last1=Wolynski |first1=Jakob G. |last2=Wheatley |first2=Benjamin B. |last3=Mali |first3=Harlal Singh |last4=Jain |first4=Anil K. |last5=Haut Donahue |first5=Tammy L. |date= July 2019 |title=Finite Element Analysis of the Jaipur Foot: Implications for Design Improvement |url=https://journals.lww.com/jpojournal/Fulltext/2019/07000/Finite_Element_Analysis_of_the_Jaipur_Foot_.7.aspx |journal=Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics |language=en-US |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=181–188 |doi=10.1097/JPO.0000000000000253 |s2cid=86840042 |issn=1040-8800|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

It is a modification of the [[Solid Ankle Cushioned Heel foot|Solid Ankle Cushioned Heel]] (SACH) foot, with the wooden ankle of the SACH foot replaced with a more flexible block of rubber, which allows the user to squat or sit cross-legged. In the original design, the expensive wooden shank of the SACH foot, used to attach the foot to the user's leg, is replaced with a cheaper aluminum shank.<ref name="Bhargava">{{Cite journal |last=Bhargava |first=Rakesh |date=2019 |title=The Jaipur Foot and the "Jaipur Prosthesis" |journal=Indian Journal of Orthopaedics |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=5–7 |doi=10.4103/ortho.IJOrtho_162_18 |pmid=30905976 |pmc=6394196 |issn=0019-5413 |doi-access=free }}</ref> A later version is made of high-density polyethylene, which increases the durability and the convenience of use.<ref name="Arya">{{Cite journal |last1=Arya |first1=A. P. |last2=Klenerman |first2=L. |date=April 2008 |title=The Jaipur foot |journal= The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume|volume=90-B |issue=11 |pages=1414–1421 |doi=10.1302/0301-620X.90B11.21131 |pmid=18978257 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The original version was made primarily of rubber, while a later version is made of polyurethane, which is lighter.<ref name="DownToEarth">{{Cite news |date=November 30, 2007 |title=Jaipur foot – Making big strides |language=en |work=www.downtoearth.org.in |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/jaipur-foot--making-big-strides-6959 |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> However, the Jaipur foot is still heavier than standard prosthetics.

The Jaipur foot has some advantages relative to conventional SACH feet, especially in the range of movements it offers. It is possible to move the ankle and foot thanks to the shorter keel and rubber ankle. The materials used at the foot-end are waterproof and somewhat mimic a real foot.<ref name="SciMuseum">{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2017 |title=Jaipur Foot: The Low-Cost Prosthetic that Revolutionised Medical Care in India and Beyond |url=https://blog.sciencemuseum.org.uk/jaipur-foot-the-low-cost-prosthetic-that-revolutionised-medical-care-in-india-and-beyond/ |access-date=2021-11-20 |website=Science Museum}}</ref> These features help amputees using the foot assimilate more easily in a semi-urban or rural setup in the Indian subcontinent and other developing countries.

The Jaipur foot was never patented or otherwise standardized. As a result, there is significant variation in the quality of feet and their fitting.<ref name="Arya"/> It has a typical lifespan of around 2–5 years.<ref name="EngForChange">{{cite web |title=Jaipur Foot – Performance and Use |url=https://www.engineeringforchange.org/solutions/product/jaipur-foot/ |website=Engineering For Change |access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>

==Distribution==

In India, the Jaipur foot can be fitted for free by [[Bhagwan Mahaveer Viklang Sahayata Samiti]] (BMVSS), a charitable organization for amputees and other disabled people founded by [[D. R. Mehta|Devendra Raj Mehta]].<ref name="WhoWeAre">{{Cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.jaipurfoot.org/who-we-are/organisation.html |access-date=20 November 2021 |website=Jaipur Foot}}</ref> The government of India supports BMVSS with financial aid to carry out the work done by the organization.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanani |first=Rahim |title=Jaipur Foot: One of the Most Technologically-Advanced Social Enterprises in the World |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rahimkanani/2011/08/08/jaipur-foot-one-of-the-most-technologically-advanced-social-enterprises-in-the-world/ |access-date=2019-03-13 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> It costs approximately $45 to make.{{cn| reason = every source I can find gives a different price, from $3 to $80; see talk|date= November 2021}} BMVSS, in collaboration with a team at [[Stanford University]], also developed the Jaipur knee - a versatile and budget-friendly prosthetic knee joint that mimics the natural joint's movements.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagla |first=Gunjan |date=19 February 2010 |title=Jaipur Knee, designed by Stanford considered a top invention, used in India |url=https://amritt.com/the-india-expert-blog/jaipur-knee-designed-by-stanford-considered-a-top-invention-used-in-india/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=Amritt, Inc. |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WDO {{!}} Jaipur Foot / Jaipur Knee / Jaipur Limb |url=https://wdo.org/site-project/jaipur-foot-jaipur-knee-jaipur-limb/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' listed the Jaipur Knee as one of the best inventions of 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |date= |title=The 50 Best Inventions of 2009 |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1934027_1934003_1933963,00.html |access-date=9 January 2024 |work=Time |language=en-US |issn=0040-781X}}</ref>

The Jaipur foot is commonly used in low-income countries and warzones as a low-cost alternative to conventional prosthetics. It was used during the [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|war in Afghanistan]] to help treat land mine victims.<ref name="Time"/><ref name="SciMuseum"/>

==In popular culture==
[[Sudha Chandran]], an Indian actress and dancer, lost her limb in an accident in 1982. She was fitted with the Jaipur foot and started dancing once again; her journey is the theme of the Telugu 1984 film ''[[Mayuri (film)|Mayuri]]'' (Peahen), re-made into a 1986 Hindi film, ''[[Naache Mayuri]]'' (Peahen Dancing). Both the films starred Sudha as the lead.<ref name="Somaaya2003">{{Cite book |last=Somaaya |first=Bhawana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mK4aAQAAIAAJ |title=The Story So Far |publisher=Indian Express Group |year=2003 |page=153 |authorlink=Bhawana Somaaya}}</ref>

==Awards==
P. K. Sethi was awarded the [[Magsaysay Award]] for Community Leadership in 1981,<ref name="Ramon_Magsaysay">[http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationSethiPra.htm The 1981 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership: Citation for Pramod Karan Sethi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123151343/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationSethiPra.htm |date=23 January 2013 }} (accessed 28 January 2008)</ref> and the [[Padma Shri]] by the [[Government of India]] in 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2009) |url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/LST-PDAWD.pdf |url-status=dead |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510095705/http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/LST-PDAWD.pdf |archivedate=2013-05-10}}</ref> Dr. D R Mehta received the [[Rajasthan Ratna]] for his contribution to Jaipur foot in 2013 by Rajasthan Government.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.jaipurfoot.org/who-we-are/organisation.html Official website]

[[Category:Prosthetics]]
[[Category:Jaipur]]
[[Category:Disability in India]]

Poo, Himachal Pradesh

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#REDIRECT [[Poo, India]]

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Jhanduke

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jhanduke
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|29.747799|N|75.3411001|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mansa district, Punjab|Mansa]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Sardulgarh tehsil|Sardulgarh]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5,220
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gurmukhi|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 151506
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01659
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jhanduke''' (sometimes spelled as '''Jhanduka''') is a village in the [[Sardulgarh tehsil]] of [[Mansa district, Punjab|Mansa district]] in [[Punjab, India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pbplanning.gov.in/districts.htm |title=Districts |publisher=}}</ref> [[Jhunir]] is the surrounding village.

==Demographics==
According to 2011 census of India<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/35974-jhanduke-punjab.html |title=Jhanduke Village Population - Sardulgarh - Mansa, Punjab |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; hight:70%;"
!Subject
!Total
!Male
!Female
|--bgcolor="#ffcccc"
|Number of houses
|991
|
|
|-
|--bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| Population
|5,220
|2709
|2511
|--bgcolor="#ffcccc"
|Children (0-6)
|617
|329
|288
|--bgcolor="#ccffcc"
|Scheduled Caste
|1,800
|922
|878
|--bgcolor="#ffcccc"
|Backward class
|0
|0
|0
|--bgcolor="#ccffcc"
|Literacy rate
|55.62 %
|62.39 %
|48.36 %
|--bgcolor="#ffcccc"
|Workers
|2,245
|1,543
|702
|--bgcolor="#ccffcc"
|Main workers
|1,980
|0
|0
|--bgcolor="#ffcccc"
|Marginal workers
|265
|107
|158
|}

== Religion ==
The population mostly follows the [[Sikhism]] with [[Hinduism]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mansa district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mansa district, India]]

Comparative rating index of sovereigns

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'''Comparative rating index of sovereigns''' ('''CRIS''') is a method for [[credit rating]] sovereign countries as a relative measure to other countries. This is an alternative method to the more common absolute grade issued by major [[credit rating agencies]] as shown in the [[list of countries by credit rating]].

The CRIS method was introduced by India in 2012 as an attempt to solve the perceived limits of the existing rating system where a particular nation's rating score is independent of the performance of other nations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/finmin-unveils-comparative-sovereign-ratings-index/156691/on|title = FinMin unveils comparative sovereign ratings index|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 31 January 2012|agency = Press Trust of India}}</ref> Performance of one nation is compared with all other nations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://expressbuzz.com/topic/economy-outlook-in-negative-zone/385832.html |title=The New Indian Express |access-date=28 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083531/http://expressbuzz.com/topic/economy-outlook-in-negative-zone/385832.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A nation might have travelled down the rating ladder in absolute terms. But it may be, in relative terms, better off because others have done even worse. This relative performance cannot be measured in the present system but can be by using the CRIS rating.

An example of comparative rating is the percentile score—the way [[Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering|GATE results]] are at times given. If a student is described as belonging to the 99th percentile, it clearly says something about this student’s performance vis-à-vis other students.

== History ==
In 2012, the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance, India]] calculated this new index and ranked 101 economies for the years 2007 to 2011.

The CRIS scores for India were 66.47 (2007) and 69.83 (2011). In other words, in relative terms India has become a better investment destination by 5.06%. In addition, India’s rank in terms of CRIS has moved up from 61st to 55th.<ref>http://www.indianexpress.com/news/in-basus-new-index-india-a-better-investment-option/906288/0 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> If we view the rankings in terms of quintiles (blocks of one-fifth of the distribution) India moves from the fourth quintile to the third, that is, the middle quintile.

As expected the CRIS score for Greece has dropped sharply from 74.24 in 2007 to 13.97 in 2011—a decline of 81%; and that of Ireland and Portugal have dropped by more than 14%. In terms of CRIS, the U.S. has seen its score rise from 78.20 to 81.81. This is accompanied by a loss of rank from the top of the chart to the 16th position. This shows that CRIS is distinct from a percentile score which is also a relative measure of status. In 2007 the 1st rank was shared between 20 economies but by 2011 this cohort had shrunk to 15.

Between 2007 and 2011, all the [[BRICS]] countries had improvements in rank as well as index value. The improvement in CRIS scores of nations such as India, China and Indonesia are partly due to the dramatic falls of scores of some European nations leading to a deterioration of the world average by over 4.8%.

The ten highest increases in the CRIS from 2007 to 2011 were achieved by (1) Paraguay (31.26%), (2) Lebanon (22.71%), (3) Bolivia (21.2%), (4) Uruguay (18.09%), (5) Belize and Nicaragua (both 15.63%), (7) Philippines (14.26%), (8) Indonesia (12.83%), (9) Peru (12.75%) and (10) Ecuador (12.27%). In interpreting these results, it needs to be borne in mind that for countries which began with low CRIS values, the scope for improvement is more. Seventeen economies had negative growth in the CRIS across this period. The ten highest decreases were (1) Greece (−81.19%), (2) Portugal (−14.82%), (3) Ireland (−14.14%), (4) Iceland (−11.52%), (5) Belarus (−10.05%), (6) Jamaica (−7.45%), (7) Egypt (−7.16%), (8) Cyprus (−5.94%), (9) Pakistan (−5.83%) and (10) Hungary (−4.66%).

== Calculation ==
The computation of CRIS is calculated by the Indian government based on Moody's ratings and data on the GDPs (not adjusted for [[purchasing power parity]] (PPP)) of different nations as given by the [[International Monetary Fund]]. It is a pure mathematical and statistical methods without interventions or interpretations.<ref>Ministry of Finance working paper http://finmin.nic.in/WorkingPaper/CRIS_report_SCR28032012.pdf</ref> The full paper is, as of July 2015, classified.

== Advantages ==
When an investor searches across nations for a place to invest their money, the relative rating of nations is important. If nation x’s rating remaining the same, other nations’ ratings improve over time, there may well be a case to invest less in nation x.<ref>Economic survey of India http://indiabudget.nic.in/survey.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008034945/http://indiabudget.nic.in/survey.asp |date=8 October 2011 }}</ref>

==References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rating systems]]