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Babasaheb Deshmukh

2026-05-04T02:43:13Z

RonaldKign: adding the article w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Babasaheb Deshmukh
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| order =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|01|03|df=y}}
| birth_place =Penur, [[Mohol]], [[Solapur District]]
| spouse =
| children =
| office = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2024
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Shahajibapu Patil]]
| successor =
| constituency = [[Sangola (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sangola]]
| party = [[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]
| website =
| relatives = [[Ganpatrao Deshmukh|Ganpathrao Deshmukh]] (Grandfather)
}}
'''Babasaheb Annasaheb Deshmukh''' (born 3 Jan 1987),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Babasaheb Annasaheb Deshmukh(Peasants And Workers Party of India):Constituency- SANGOLA(SOLAPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Maharashtra2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=685 |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Maharashtra]]. He is a member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from [[Sangola Assembly constituency|Sangole Assembly constituency]] in [[Solapur district]]. He won the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Peasants and Workers Party of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-27 |title=Dr. Babasaheb Deshmukh On Shahajibapu Patil: काय झाडी, काय.., आता सांगोल्यातच दिसणार! News18local |url=https://lokmat.news18.com/videos/video/dr-babasaheb-deshmukh-on-shahajibapu-patil-what-a-bush-what-will-be-seen-in-sangola-now-news18local-1003740.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=lokmat.news18.com |language=mr}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Deshmukh is from [[Sangole|Sangola]], Solapur district, Maharashtra. He is the grandson of [[Ganpatrao Deshmukh|Ganpathrao Deshmukh]], a former 11 time MLA from Sangola<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-24 |title=How cardiologist Dr Babasaheb Dehmukh won back Sangola |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/cardiologist-dr-babasaheb-dehmukh-won-sangola-9688171/ |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> and son of Annasaheb. He completed his M.B.B.S. in 2011 at M.U.H.S., Nashik Government Medical College, [[Aurangabad]] and later did his M.D. in general medicine in 2017 at [[Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre]], [[Kolhapur]]. He is a practicing cardiologist.<ref name=":0" /> After winning the seat, he promised to plant 25,000 trees in the constituency.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-26 |title=Sangola MLA commits to planting 25,386 trees in constituency to honour poll win |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/sangola-mla-babasaheb-deshmukh-to-honour-election-win-by-planting-25386-trees/articleshow/115700316.cms |access-date=2024-11-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Career ==
Deshmukh won from [[Sangola Assembly constituency]] representing Peasants and Workers Party in the 2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election. He polled 116,256 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Shahajibapu Rajaram Patil of the [[Shiv Sena|Shiva Sena]], by a margin of 25,386 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sangola Assembly Election Results 2024: Sangola Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/maharashtra/sangola-constituency-result-13253 |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sangole Election Result 2024 LIVE: Dr. Babasaheb Annasaheb Deshmukh of PWPI Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/sangole-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130200.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshmukh, Babasaheb}}

[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Peasants and Workers Party of India politicians]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Solapur district]]

Surendra Kumar Datta

2026-04-30T07:02:27Z

RonaldKign: Created a biography

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}

'''Surendra Kumar Datta''' {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|MBE}} (1878–1942), also spelt as '''Surendra Kumar Dutta''' or '''S. K. Dutta''', was the president of the [[All India Conference of Indian Christians]] and thus the [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Christians|Christian]] delegate to the [[Round Table Conferences (India)#Second Round Table Conference (September 1931 – December 1931)|Second Round Table Conference]] in [[London]], as well as a prominent [[Young Men's Christian Association|YMCA]] leader, and a member of [[Central Legislative Assembly]] – also called [[Central Legislative Assembly|Imperial Legislative Assembly]] before [[Partition of India|Indian independence]] – a lower house of a [[bicameral]] [[parliament]] synonymous to the current [[Lok Sabha]] after [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]].<ref name="R1">{{cite book |last= Anderson |first= Gerald H. |title= Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions |publisher= Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC&q=datta&pg=PA604|year= 2001 |page= 169 |isbn= 9780802846808}}</ref><ref name="R2">{{cite web |url= http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/13/1280.htm |title= Datta, Surendra Kumar |quote= Surendra Kumar Datta was born in 1878. He was lecturer in history and biology 1909-1914, and Principal 1932-1942 at [Forman Christian College]. |publisher= mundus.ac.uk|access-date= 8 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="R3">{{cite web |url= http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/indiaofficeselect/EMSEnqList.asp?txtSubject=FRANCE&strCat=1 |title= BARNS (Margarita) - S K Datta and His People': a biography by Margarita Barns of Surendra Kumar Datta (1875-1942) |quote= Surendra Kumar Datta (1878-1942), lecturer in history and biology 1909-14, and Principal 1932-42, Forman Christian College; |publisher= bl.uk|access-date= 7 May 2012 }}</ref>

==Biography==
{{expand section|date=May 2012}}

===Life===
He was born in [[Lahore]], [[colonial India]], in [[1878]], and got educated in [[Lahore]]. He did [[Medicine]] from [[University of Edinburgh]], [[Edinburgh]]. He married Rena Carswell, a Scottish [[Irish people|Irish]] woman and secretary in the [[World Student Christian Federation]](WSCF) in [[Geneva]]. He served as the lecturer teaching [[history]] and [[biology]] between 1909 and 1914 in [[Forman Christian College, Lahore]]. He served as principal between [[1932]] and 1942, and later became the president of the same college.<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R2"/><ref name="R3"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://archives.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/030601/dmag7.htm |title= FC College: a Pandora's box |date= 1 June 2003 |quote= The tall ponderous and stately figure of Principal S.K. Datta and his equally well-build Irish wife, were almost omnipresent on the college premises |publisher= archives.dawn.com |access-date= 8 May 2012 }}{{dead link|date=April 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
<ref name="old">{{cite book |last= Clements |first= Keith |title= Faith on the Frontier:A Life of J.H. Oldham |publisher= Continuum International Publishing Group |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVU6eOEiYsC&q=Datta&pg=PA47|year= 1999 |pages= 40–240 |isbn= 9780567086907}}</ref><ref name="rena">{{cite book |last= Anthony |first= David Henry |title= Max Yergan: Race Man, Internationalist, Cold Warrior|publisher= Max Yergan: Race Man, Internationalist, Cold Warrior|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NDAZL_-AdoQC&q=Datta%2C+Surendra%29+Kumar%29%2C+Indian+christian+leader&pg=PA115|year= 2006 |pages= 115–120 |isbn= 9780814707043}}</ref>

===YMCA leader===
He succeeded [[K. T. Paul]] as general secretary of [[YMCA|Young Men's Christian Association]](YMCA) and eventually became president of the Indian YMCA. He worked as national secretary of the YMCAs of [[India]], [[Burma]], and [[Ceylon]](''present'' [[Sri Lanka]]) from 1919 to [[1927]]. He along with [[K. T. Paul|K.T. Paul]] and [[Vedanayagam Samuel Azariah|V.S. Azariah]] were the prominent YMCA leaders, though, [[YMCA]] didn't directly involve in politics as it was run by the financial support of foreign donors beside an evangelistic agency, formed under the initiatives of [[missionaries]]; however, under the leadership of K.T. Paul and S.K. Datta, they made the YMCA known and respected not only in India but also in [[Europe]] and [[North America]]. He served as president of the All India Conference of Indian Christians in [[1925]], 1933, and 1934. After a lengthy service with YMCA, S.K. Datta was also associated with WSCF along with his wife Rena Datta.<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R2"/><ref name="R3"/><ref>{{cite web |url= https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/ijt/46_099.pdf |title= Young Men's Christian Association(YMCA) and others |publisher= biblicalstudies.org.uk |access-date= 8 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://archive.org/stream/MN41778ucmf_9/MN41778ucmf_9_djvu.txt |title= A study of the Y.M.C.A. of India, Burma |quote= The brilliant achievements of this body are associated especially with the names of Mr. K. T. Paul and Dr. S. K. Datta, men who have made the Y.M.C.A. known and respected not only in India but also in Europe and North America. |access-date= 7 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="hugh">{{cite book |last= McLeod |first= Hugh |title= World Christianities c. 1914-c. 2000 |publisher= Cambridge University Press|date=2006 |page=427 |isbn= 9780521815000}}</ref> In June 1918, he was appointed a member of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) for services in the YMCA during the First World War.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30730|supp=y|page=6724|date=4 June 1919}}</ref>

===National delegate===
He served as a nominated[appointed] member of Central Legislative Assembly to represent Indian Christian community, before Indian independence and Indian partition, from 1924 to 1926, and gave an address at the [[International Missionary Council]] meeting held at [[Lake Mohonk]] in 1921 and [[Jerusalem]] in 1928. As an Indian Christian delegate, he attended ''Second Round Table Conference'' held in London between September and December 1931—K.T. Paul and S.K. Dutta, though not followers of [[Gandhi]] and represented Indian christian community, they indeed made efforts to bring reconciliation among the opposing leaders who took part in the conference, including [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]], [[Sarojini Naidu]], [[Madan Mohan Malaviya]], [[Muhammad Iqbal]], [[Ghanshyam Das Birla]], [[Mirza Ismail]], and more.<ref name="R1"/><ref name="R2"/><ref name="R3"/><ref name="hugh"/><ref name="XXX">{{cite web |url= https://archive.org/stream/buildingwithindi00flemiala/buildingwithindi00flemiala_djvu.txt |title= Building with India |quote= The editor of the Young Men of India since 1919 has been Dr. S. K. Datta, author of The Desire of India |access-date= 8 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Thomas |first= Abraham Vazhayil |title= Christians in Secular India |publisher= Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dcDhYz8vUKcC&q=s.k.+datta%2C+Christian%2C+YMCA&pg=PA104|year= 1974 |page= 104 |isbn= 9780838610213}}</ref>

As an editor of YMCA's periodical ''The Young Men of India'', he edited many articles like ''India and racial relationships'' and promoted national consciousness among the Indian Christians during the national movement. By 1930, prominent [[Indian Christian|Indian christian]]([[Protestant]]) leaders like V.S. Azaraih, K.T. Paul, V. Chakkarai(V. Chakka Rai), and S.K. Dutta have come to conclusions that Indian christians would best integrate themselves into national life if they didn't cast themselves as a separate [[political entity]]. They also realized that a separate ''Christian electorate'' would further alienate them from [[National Cultural Foundation|national culture]] and amount to a form of ''compulsory segregation''. In [[1930]], All Indian Christian Council proclaimed that "the place of a minority in a nation is its value to the whole nation and not merely to itself."{{sic}} In Second Round Table conference, both K.T. Paul and S.K. Datta representing Protestants took a determined stand against turning Indian Christians into a Communal political entity by [[United Kingdom|Britain]]—imposing on them Communal representation, Communal electorate, and other Communal safeguards.<ref name="hugh"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://epress.anu.edu.au/anu_lives/transnational/mobile_devices/ch03.html |title= 'A fine type of Hindoo' meets 'the Australian type': British Indians in Australia and diverse masculinities |quote= Datta, S. K. 1924, ‘India and racial relationships’, Young Men of India, vol. 35, no. 8, August. |publisher= NY Times Co. |access-date= 9 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>
{{cite web |url= http://www.religion-online.org/showchapter.asp?title=1448&C=1268 |title= The Church's Mission and Post-Modern Humanism by M. M. Thomas |quote= K.T.Paul and S.K.Datta of the Indian YMCA who represented Protestants at the Round Table Conference in London, took a determined stand against turning Indian Christians into a communal political entity by Britain imposing on them communal representation, communal electorate and other communal safeguards. |publisher= religion-online.org |access-date= 9 May 2012 }}</ref>

A biography of S.K. Datta with name ''S.K. Datta and his people'' was published by Margarita Barns.<ref name="R3"/>

===President of the All India Conference of Indian Christians===
S.K. Datta served as the president of the [[All India Conference of Indian Christians]], which stood for the interests of the Christian community of [[colonial India]].<ref name="BlackHymanSmith2014">{{cite book |last1=Black |first1=Brian |last2=Hyman |first2=Gavin |last3=Smith |first3=Graham M. |title=Confronting Secularism in Europe and India: Legitimacy and Disenchantment in Contemporary Times |date=2014 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-78093-607-9 |pages=88–91 |language=en}}</ref> He represented Indian Christians in the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Second Round Table Conference]], agreeing with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in his views on minorities and Depressed Classes.<ref name="BlackHymanSmith2014"/> Surendra Kumar Datta served as the principal of Forman Christian College in Lahore from 1932 to 1942. During his tenure, he emphasized the integration of liberal arts education with Christian values, aiming to elevate the college's standing as a premier institution in colonial India. His leadership contributed to the development of graduates who significantly impacted Indian society. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=The National |title=The Discovery Service |url=https://discovery-cdn.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F53072 |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=discovery-cdn.nationalarchives.gov.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> On 2 November 1932, Dr. Datta was inducted as the first Indian principal of Forman Christian College by the President of the Board of Directors. This appointment marked a significant shift toward greater Indian leadership in institutions that were previously dominated by foreign missionaries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=The National |title=The Discovery Service |url=https://discovery-cdn.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F53072 |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=discovery-cdn.nationalarchives.gov.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Devout christian==

===Critic of Hinduism===
He was a devout Christian and critic of [[Hinduism]], who believed that the [[Indian religions]] do indeed search for the truth, yet argued that they didn't provide moral and [[Spirituality|spiritual]] support for reform and renewal. He denounced Hinduism philosophy and its doctrines, especially [[Karma]] and [[Reincarnation|Transmigration]] in weakening the demand for moral responsibility and social reform; according to him, only the basic teachings of [[Christianity]] could give hope to the people of India—the righteousness of God, the moral order of the created universe, the redeeming love of God manifest in [[Jesus Christ]]. He further emphasized a two-fold contribution of Christianity to India through the work of educational institutions, and through the visible Indian church, which he believed to be influential far beyond its minority status.<ref name="R1"/>

===Critic of Western Christianity===
He was cynical about Indian church for lack of spiritual depth, absence of a distinctive Indian Christian theology, and dependence on foreign leadership and money. He was even critical about the caste system operating within the Indian churches.<ref name="R1"/><ref name="old"/><ref>{{cite journal |title=Indian Christians and National Identity, 1870-1947|page= 362 |quote= In his presidential address to the All India Conference of Indian Christians (AICIC) in 1932 S. K. Datta pointed out that whereas two Christians, of whom he was one, had been invited to the second Round Table Conference, the Christians were the only community to be excluded from the third Round Table Conference. |doi=10.1111/1467-9809.00138 |volume=25 |issue= 3 |journal=Journal of Religious History|year = 2001|last1 = Oddie|first1 = Geoffrey A.}}</ref>

==Works==
* ''The desire of India''.
* ''The Christian Student and the Indian Church''.<ref name="XXX"/><ref>
{{cite web |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008625818 |title= The desire of India / Surendra Kumar Datta.|quote= Main Author:Datta, Surendra Kumar.|publisher= London : Church Missionary Society, 1908. |access-date= 8 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Datta |first= Surendra Kumar|title= The desire of India|publisher= Church Missionary Society |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qZDlwSh7M3IC|date=July 1908 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Datta |first= S.K.|title= The Christian Student and the Indian Church |publisher=National Council of the Young Men's Christian Association of India and Ceylon, Student Department Committee |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vAD3GwAACAAJ|date= }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Round Table Conferences (India)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/A2A/records.aspx?cat=059-msseur_13&cid=-1&Gsm=2008-06-18#-1 Papers of S K Datta, lecturer 1909-14 and Principal 1932-42, Forman Christian College]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=dcDhYz8vUKcC&dq=s.k.+datta%2C+Christian%2C+YMCA&pg=PA104 Christians in Secular India - Author: Abraham Vazhayil Thomas]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=dcDhYz8vUKcC&dq=s.k.+datta%2C+Christian%2C+YMCA&pg=PA104 Cultural and Religious Heritage of India: Christianity - Editors: Suresh K. Sharma, Usha Sharma]
* [https://www.scribd.com/ioana_cn/d/62003651/4-Israel-Selvanayagam Points of Contact and the Christian use of Hindu concepts]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Datta, Surendra Kumar}}
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Christian theologians]]
[[Category:People from Lahore]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:YMCA leaders]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Forman Christian College]]

Soumya murder case

2026-04-22T02:06:42Z

RonaldKign: Created new article

{{Short description|2012 case in Manjakkad, Shornur, Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Soumya
| image =
| caption =Govindachamy and Soumya
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Manjakkad, [[Shornur]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| death_date = 6 February 2011
| death_place = [[Thrissur]] city
| occupation = Sales girl
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Soumya murder case''' is a criminal case in India regarding the [[Rape in India|rape]] and murder of Soumya, a 23-year-old woman from [[Manjakkudi|Manjakkad]], while travelling in a [[passenger train]] from [[Ernakulam]] to [[Shoranur|Shornur]] on 1 February 2011.

== Background ==
Soumya, 23, and her poor family from Shornur, consisting of her younger brother and their mother, were eking their livelihood from the monthly salary being earned by Soumya at her job from an institution in Ernakulam. Once in a while, during holidays, Soumya used to go to her house at Shornur by the
Ernakulam - Shornur passenger train, which leaves Ernakulam in the evening. During the course of her employment, she got acquainted with a young man employed at Ernakulam, who was the friend of some of her co-workers. They liked each other and he proposed to her. Both the families also concurred to have such an alliance and thereby decided to conduct a ceremony for fixing their betrothal at Soumya's home on 1 February 2011.

==Incident==
The incident happened on train number 56608, [[Ernakulam Junction]]-[[shoranur Junction]] passenger train immediately after it left the [[Vallathol Nagar railway station]]. According to the prosecution,<ref name="HCK">{{cite web|url=http://judis.nic.in/Judis_Kerala/list_new2.asp?FileName=333783|title=Death Sentence Ref..No. 3 of 2011|author=HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM|date=17 December 2013|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="SCI">{{cite web|url=http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=43936|title=CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS.1584-1585 OF 2014|author=SUPREME COURT OF INDIA|date=15 September 2016|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> Soumya boarded the ladies division in the last compartment of the Ernakulam-Shornur Passenger Train, which left at 5.30 p.m., on 1 February 2011, to Shornur, from the Ernakulam Town North Railway Station. When the train reached [[Thrissur]], most of the passengers in that ladies division got down. Another lady also who was present in that ladies division got down when the train reached [[Wadakkancherry, Thrissur|Wadakkanchery]]. There, she got down at the platform, and got back to the compartment. At that time, she could notice the ogling by the accused, who was standing outside the compartment and by peeping through the window. When the train reached Mulloorkara, remaining passengers also got down there. As there was nobody else in the ladies division of that compartment, Soumya also got down along with them and hurriedly made an entry into the ladies coach attached just in front of that last compartment. The train reached Vallathol Nagar Railway Station, where it lay idle for some time.<ref name="HCK" />

The prosecution case is that the accused, Govindaswamy, who is a [[habitual offender]], noticed that Soumya was alone in the compartment. When the train left Vallathol Nagar Railway Station and moved towards [[Shoranur|Shornur]], the accused went into that ladies compartment, and rushed Soumya. The screaming Soumya frantically ran around in a panic, but due to the limited space available in the compartment, she could not escape. She resisted Govindaswamy's advances, but was caught and her head was forcibly hit repeatedly on the walls of the compartment. On sustaining fatal injuries, she became dazed and immobilized. Her loud cries and screams died down in the compartment. She was dropped from the running train down to the track. The side of her face forcibly hit the crossover of the railway line.<ref name="HCK" />

Govindaswamy, who was experienced in this type of crime, jumped down from the running train on the other side, rushed to Soumya, and took her to the side of the track where nobody could see. He then proceeded to rape her, ransack her belongings, and rob her of her mobile phone. He left Soumya's nude body behind.<ref name="HCK" />

There were two male passengers in the general compartment, which was in front of the ladies compartment, who had heard the cries of Soumya. Even though one of them wanted to pull the alarm chain to stop the train, he was dissuaded by a middle-aged man who was standing at the door by stating that the girl had jumped out and escaped; the man warned that he should not drag others unnecessarily to court.<ref name="HCK" />

Within a short span of 10 minutes, the train reached Shornur. Immediately, the two men rushed to a guard and complained about the incident, which triggered in the search of the track by some local men and the Gang-man of the Vallathol Nagar Railway Station. All of them engaged in a search at the railway track, and ultimately, by about 9.30 p.m., the mutilated body of Soumya was found at the side of the railway track where she was left. Soumya showed signs of life with movements of her right limbs. Blood was seen oozing out from the injuries on her face and head. The left side of her body had become paralyzed. They took the deceased to the Shornur-Thrissur road, from where she was then taken to the Taluk Hospital, Wadakkanchery. She was immediately taken to the casualty of the [[Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram|Medical College Hospital]], Thrissur.<ref name="HCK" />

On the basis of the First Information Statement, the Cheruthuruthy Police Station registered a crime and C.I. of Police, Chelakkara, took over the
investigation.<ref name="HCK" />

==Medical treatment and death==
Surgical operations were done on Soumya, and all sorts of possible medical intervention and support were provided to Soumya. Despite that, her condition never improved, and Soumya continued to be on a ventilator in critical condition. By 6 February 2011, her peripheral pulses could not be felt. In the last consultation by the neurosurgeon at 14.30 on 6 February 2011, ECG was found to be flat line, BP was
not recordable, and cardiac sounds were not heard. She was declared dead at 15.00 on that day.<ref name="HCK" />

==Postmortem report==

Dr. [[Sherly Vasu]], who was then working as Professor and Head of Department of Forensic Medicine, M.C.H. Thrissur conducted the postmortem examination of Soumya with the assistance of five other doctors.<ref name="What is the Soumya murder case—the brutal crime that shook Kerala?">{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2025 |title=What is the Soumya murder case—the brutal crime that shook Kerala? |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/crime/soumya-murder-case-detailes-govindachamy-aban0pwr |access-date=2025-09-04 |website=@mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref> The opinion as to her cause of death mentioned in the [[Post mortem report|postmortem report]] is as follows: "The decedent had died due to blunt injuries sustained to head as a result of blunt impact (injury no.1) and fall (injury no.2) and their complications including aspiration of blood into air passages (during unprotected unconscious state following head trauma) resulting in [[anoxic brain damage]]. She also showed injuries as a result of assault and rape. She had features of multiple organ disfunction at the time of death."<ref name="SCI" />

==Trial and verdict==
Govindaswamy alias Govindachamy (known as Charley in TN police records as per [[Janam TV]] news).<ref name="HCK" /><ref name="SCI"/> {{ref | https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/soumyas-rapist-beggar-govindachamy-had-expensive-lawyer-who-charged-lakhs-49920}} (aged 30, from [[Virudhachalam]], [[Cuddalore district]], [[Tamil Nadu]])<ref name="HCK" /> was found guilty in the rape and murder case of Soumya by the Thrissur fast track court judge, KN Raveendra Babu, on 31 October 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Soumya-killer-gets-death-sentence-by-Kerala-court/articleshow/10689896.cms|title=Soumya killer gets death sentence by Kerala court - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2016-09-17}}</ref> Govindachamy can be identified by the loss his palm on his left hand. Announcement of judgment had been delayed for 4 November since the Public Prosecutor submitted before the court the documents to prove previous convictions of the accused which showed that he had undergone imprisonment in eight cases in [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]] and trial of another robbery case was in progress. He was later given death sentence by the court.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/soumya-case-death-for-convict/article2617827.ece?topicpage=true&topicId=1085|title=Soumya case: Death for convict|author=Staff Reporter|date=2011-11-11|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-09-17}}</ref> [[Kerala High Court|High court of Kerala]] upheld the trial court verdict in a 359-page judgement by the judges, T.R. Ramachandran Nair and [[B. Kemal Pasha]].<ref name="HCK" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/soumya-murder-hc-confirms-death-sentence/article5469224.ece|title=Soumya murder: HC confirms death sentence|last=Gopakumar|first=K. C.|date=2013-12-17|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-09-17}}</ref><ref>[http://www.manoramaonline.com/news/just-in/2017/04/25/soumya-murder-case-supreme-court-govindachami.html Soumya Murder Case]</ref>

[[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] (bench composed of Mr. Ranjan Gogoi, Prafulla C. Pant and Uday Umesh Lalit) set aside murder charges and altered to rigorous imprisonment for seven years under Section 325 IPC, stating that: "The death of the deceased was occasioned by a combination of injury no.1 and 2, and complications arising therefrom including aspiration of blood into the air passages, resulting in anoxic brain damage. The same, in the opinion of the doctor, had occurred due to the fact that the deceased was kept in a supine position for the purpose of sexual assault. We are of the opinion that the liability of the accused for Injury No.1 would not require a re-determination in view of the evidence. However, so far as Injury No.2 is concerned, unless the fall from the train can be ascribed to the accused on the basis of the cogent and reliable evidence, meaning thereby, that the accused had pushed the deceased out of the train and the possibility of the deceased herself jumping out of train is ruled out, the liability of the accused for the said injury may not necessary follow."<ref name="SCI" />

It upheld life imprisonment for the rape, stating "Having regard to the fact that the said offence was committed on the deceased who had already suffered extreme injuries on her body, we are of the view that not only the offence under Section 376 IPC was committed by the accused, the same was so committed in a most brutal and grotesque manner which would justify the imposition of life sentence as awarded by the learned Trial Court and confirmed by the High Court". All the sentences imposed shall run concurrently. The judges were [[Ranjan Gogoi]], [[Prafulla Chandra Pant]] and [[Uday U. Lalit]].<ref name="SCI" /><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article2618029.ece
|title=At a glance: Soumya rape and murder case
|newspaper=The Hindu
|access-date=2012-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/soumya-murder-case-accused-gets-death-sentence/201327-62-126.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113210052/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/soumya-murder-case-accused-gets-death-sentence/201327-62-126.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2011-11-13
|title=Soumya murder case: Convict gets death sentence
|publisher=IBN Live
|access-date=2012-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Govindachami-convicted-in-Soumya-murder-case/articleshow/10565985.cms
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625054907/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-01/kochi/30346385_1_soumya-murder-case-witnesses-life-term
|url-status=live
|archive-date=2013-06-25
|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]
|title=Govindachami convicted in Soumya murder case
|access-date=2012-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/soumya-murder-case-accused-gets-death-sentence/874359
|title=Soumya murder case: Accused gets death sentence
|newspaper=The Indian Express
|access-date=2012-03-12}}</ref>

A. Suresan appeared for prosecution in the fast track court and High Court, and [[K. T. S. Tulsi]] in Supreme Court. B. A. Aloor appeared for the accused in all courts.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/sc-slams-prosecution-in-soumya-murder-case-supreme-court-govindachami-1.1410752|title=SC slams prosecution in Soumya murder case|publisher=mathrubhumi|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref>

==Reactions==
Former Supreme Court judge [[Markandey Katju|Justice Markandey Katju]] has said the Supreme Court must review its judgment in Soumya case, in which the apex court found accused Govindachamy not guilty of murder but only guilty of rape.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.livelaw.in/sc-verdict-soumya-case-wrong-must-reviewed-justice-katju/|title=SC Verdict In Soumya Case Is Wrong, Must Be Reviewed: Justice Katju
|publisher=livelaw.in
|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref><ref name="Justice Katju">{{cite web
|url=http://justicekatju.blogspot.in/2016/09/the-supreme-court-judgment-in-soumya_16.html|title=The Supreme Court judgment in the Soumya case is wrong|publisher=justicekatju.blogspot.in
|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref> "This is not a just punishment at all and it is hard for the public in Kerala to digest", [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] said. Law Minister of [[Kerala]], [[A.K. Balan]] said people of the state were anxious and sad over the verdict delivered earlier in the day. Senior CPI(M) leader [[V. S. Achuthanandan]] said the verdict was 'shocking' and 'unfortunate'.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/150916/sc-verdict-in-soumya-case-evokes-criticism-from-kerala-govt-family.html|title=SC verdict in Soumya case evokes criticism from Kerala govt, family|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref> [[Kaleeswaram Raj]], a prominent lawyer in the Supreme Court and Kerala high court, felt that the verdict was shockingly soft and highly dispiriting. "With great respect, I may say that the punishment imposed by the Supreme Court is too meagre and has no deterrent effect. Also, it fails to satisfy the public consciousness. The court has rightly retained the maximum possible punishment of life imprisonment on the accused who is a potential threat to society. But the court could have done more than that. There were also other punishable offences which were not properly dealt with. Those included extortion, assault etc, which deserved separate jail terms", he wrote in the media.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sc-verdict-on-soumya-rape-murder-case-not-punishment-enough-for-the-crime/story-89HuXiSdcozRY0yw1fyOCM.html|title=sc-verdict-on-soumya-rape-murder-case-not-punishment-enough-for-the-crime|publisher=hindustantimes.com|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref>

In response, The Supreme Court Bench decided to convert that blog by [[Markandey Katju|Justice Markandey Katju]]<ref name="Justice Katju" /> into a review petition and asked him to personally appear in court to debate.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/katju-summoned-to-sc-for-debate-on-soumya-murder-verdict/article9230724.ece|title=SC to Katju: Join the Soumya case hearing|publisher=thehindu.com|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref> On 11 November 2016, he appeared in the court and submitted his arguments. The Court then dictated the order rejecting the review petition and issued [[contempt of court]] notice to him stating that "[[Prima facie]], the statements made seem to be an attack on the Judges and not on the judgment".<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/SC-issues-contempt-notice-to-Markandey-Katju-not-scared-says-the-retired-judge/articleshow/55371715.cms|title=SC issues contempt notice to Markandey Katju; 'not scared' says the retired judge|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2016-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/markandey-katju-escorted-out-of-court-sc-slaps-contempt-notice-on-former-judge-3101350.html|title=Markandey Katju 'escorted' out of court, SC slaps contempt notice on former judge|date=11 November 2016 |publisher=firstpost.com|access-date=2016-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://sci.nic.in/FileServer/2016-11-12_1478947169.pdf|title=SUO MOTU CONTEMPT PETITION (CRIMINAL) NO.4 OF 2016|publisher=sci.nic.in/|access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref> On 6 January 2017, The Supreme Court has accepted Justice Markandey Katju's apology and closed the contempt proceedings against him.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/justice-markandey-katju-tenders-unconditional-apology-to-supreme-court-4461887/|title=Supreme Court accepts Justice Markandey Katju's apology, closes contempt proceedings|newspaper=The Indian Express |date=6 January 2017 |access-date=2017-01-06}}</ref>

==Review==
The Supreme Court decided to hear the review petition filed by the victim's mother and the Kerala government, seeking review of its judgment.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/sc-to-hear-review-plea-in-soumya-case-today/article9194815.ece|title=SC to hear review plea in Soumya case today|publisher=thehindu.com|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref> On 11 November 2016, The Supreme Court dismissed the review petition against the verdict discarding the death penalty for convict in Soumya's murder,<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/soumya-rape-and-murder-case-sc-issues-contempt-notice-to-markandey-katju-over-his-blogs-4369978/|title=Soumya rape, murder case: SC issues contempt notice to Markandey Katju over his blogs|date=11 November 2016 |publisher=indianexpress.com|access-date=2016-11-11}}</ref> stating that "the role of the accused in causing injury No. 2 by pushing the victim out of train is not free from doubt and the medical opinion is to the effect that Injury No. 1, by itself, was not sufficient to cause death."<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sc-dismisses-review-petitions-in-saumya-case/article9335872.ece|title=SC dismisses review petitions in Saumya case|publisher=thehindu.com|access-date=2016-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.livelaw.in/saumya-case-sc-dismisses-review-petitions-issues-contempt-notice-justice-katju-amidst-ugly-spat-justice-gogoi/|title=#Saumya case: SC Dismisses Review Petitions: Issues Contempt Notice To Justice Katju Amidst An Ugly spat Between Him And Justice Gogoi|date=11 November 2016 |publisher=livelaw.in|access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/FileServer/2016-11-12_1478947345.pdf|title=SUO MOTU REVIEW PETITION (CRL) NO.1/2016|publisher=supremecourtofindia.nic.in/|access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title=Soumya rape-murder case: SC rejects Kerala govt's appeal for death sentence to Govindachamy
|author=PTI
|date=28 April 2017
|work=Onmanorama
|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2017/04/28/soumya-rape-murder-case-supreme-court-rejects-plea-death-sentence-govindachamy.html
|access-date=25 July 2025
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423072106/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2017/04/28/soumya-rape-murder-case-supreme-court-rejects-plea-death-sentence-govindachamy.html
|archive-date=2022-04-23
}}</ref>

==Curative petition==

On 28 April 2017, a Six Judge Bench of Supreme Court has dismissed the [[curative petition]] filed by Government of Kerala stating that no case is made out within the parameters indicated in the decision of the court in Rupa Ashok Hurra vs Ashok Hurra & An. (2002).<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.livelaw.in/sc-dismisses-curative-petition-in-saumya-rape-and-murder-case/|title=SC Dismisses Curative Petition In Saumya Rape And Murder Case|date=28 April 2017 |publisher=livelaw.in|access-date=2017-04-28}}</ref>

==Prison escape and recapture (2025)==

On 25 July 2025, Govindachami escaped from [[Kannur Central Jail]] where he was serving his life sentence, breaking out from Block 10 by cutting the iron bars of his cell with a makeshift tool. The escape was discovered during the morning cell inspection, with [[CCTV]] footage capturing his exit from the high-security facility that houses over 1,000 inmates. Police launched an extensive manhunt across the region, focusing their search on railway stations and bus stands.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/crime/news/govindachamy-breaks-prison-escapes-1.10775846|title=Govindacham Convicted In The Saumya Rape And Murder Case Escapes From Jail|date=25 July 2025 |publisher=mathrubhumi.com|access-date=2025-07-25}}</ref> Later the same day, Govindachami was recaptured by police in central [[Kannur|Kannur city]], specifically from a house in [[Talap|Talap area]], bringing the brief escape to an end.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.kairalinewsonline.com/kerala/govindachami-who-escaped-from-prison-arrested-hr1|title=Govindacham Who Escaped From Jail Is Recaptured|date=25 July 2025 |publisher=kairalinewsonline.com|access-date=2025-07-25}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Rape in India}}

[[Category:Indian murder victims]]
[[Category:Crime in Kerala]]
[[Category:People murdered in Kerala]]
[[Category:Criminal investigation]]
[[Category:Femicide in India]]
[[Category:Rape in India]]
[[Category:2011 murders in Asia]]
[[Category:2011 murders in India]]
[[Category:Incidents of violence against women]]
[[Category:2010s in Kerala]]
[[Category:February 2011 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:February 2011 in India]]

Antagarh Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:23:12Z

RonaldKign: adding the article v1

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Antagarh
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| type = SLA
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| constituency_no = 79
| district = [[Kanker district|Kanker]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kanker (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanker]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Vikram Usendi]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party ]]
| electors = {{formatnum:176261}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| map_image= Antagarh Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Antagarh''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceoMap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>

It comprises [[Antagarh tehsil]] and [[Pakhanjur tehsil]], in [[Kanker district|Kanker]] district, and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Until 2008: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan=2 | [[Vikram Usendi]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2014 elections in India#Chhattisgarh|2014 By-election]] || Bhojraj Nag
|-
| [[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || Anoop Nag || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Vikram Usendi]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2023===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] : Antagarh<ref>{{cite news |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/partywiseresult-S26.htm |title= General Election to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results Dec-2023, Chhattisgarh |access-date=11 December 2025 |archive-date=3 December 2023 |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203062041/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/partywiseresult-S26.htm}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vikram Usendi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=59,547 |percentage=43.52% |change={{increase}}5.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Roopsingh Potai 'Moddu' |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,837 |percentage=26.19% |change={{decrease}}23.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mantu Ram Pawar |party=Independent politician |votes=15,063 |percentage=11.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Anoop Nag |party=Independent politician |votes=9,415 |percentage=6.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Santram Salam |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=7,412 |percentage=5.42% |change={{increase}}1.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=4,245 |percentage=3.10% |change={{decrease}}1.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramesh Mandavi |party=Independent politician |votes=2,334 |percentage=1.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ram Narayan Usendi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,518 |percentage=1.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,710 |percentage=17.33% |change= {{increase}}5.69 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,36,827 |percentage=80.07% |change= {{increase}}5.44 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,76,261 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.42 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}6.00 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2018===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] : Antagarh<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/chhattisgarh/seat-change|title=Chhattisgarh Assembly Elections Seat Wise Results 2018|last1=NDTV|date=2018|work=|accessdate=13 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013175629/https://www.ndtv.com/elections/chhattisgarh/seat-change|archivedate=13 October 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=State Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 1 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Anoop Nag |party=Indian National Congress |votes=57,061 |percentage=49.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vikram Usendi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=43,647 |percentage=37.88% |change={{decrease}}46.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sukhranjan Usendi Uraf Siledar |party=Independent politician |votes=4,854 |percentage=4.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=4,831 |percentage=4.19% |change={{decrease}}13.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Santram Salam |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=3,981 |percentage=3.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hemant Poyam |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,243 |percentage=1.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,414 |percentage=11.64% |change= {{decrease}}54.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,15,230 |percentage=75.26% |change= {{increase}}22.38 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,59,630 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.03 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}34.52 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 elections in India#Chhattisgarh|2014 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Antagarh<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/detailed-bye-election-results/ |title=Details of Bye Elections |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=11 March 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bhojraj Nag |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=63,616 |percentage=84.03% |change={{increase}}34.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=13,506 |percentage=17.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rupdhar Pudo |party=Ambedkarite Party of India |votes=12,086 |percentage=15.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=50,110 |percentage=66.19% |change= {{increase}}61.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=75,702 |percentage=58.70% |change= {{decrease}}24.27 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,51,983 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.63 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}34.81 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2013===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] : Antagarh<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/CGAE_2013_stat_report.pdf |title=Statistical Report On General Election, 2013 To The Legislative Assembly of Chhattisgarh |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |location=New Delhi |access-date=14 August 2021 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712172504/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/CGAE_2013_stat_report.pdf }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vikram Usendi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=53,477 |percentage=49.22% |change={{increase}}3.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mantu Ram Pawar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=48,306 |percentage=44.46% |change={{decrease}}1.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=4,710 |percentage=4.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Somnath Uike |party=Chattisgarh Swabhiman Manch |votes=2,543 |percentage=2.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jaiprakash Padda |party=Shivsena |votes=2,308 |percentage=2.12% |change={{decrease}}1.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Raja Ram Komra |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,009 |percentage=1.85% |change={{decrease}}0.55 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,171 |percentage=4.76% |change= {{increase}}4.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,08,643 |percentage=77.34% |change= {{increase}}13.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,46,653 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.30 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.35 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] : Antagarh<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3883-chhattisgarh-2008/ |title=State Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate= 31 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=State Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 1 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vikram Usendi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=37,255 |percentage=45.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mantu Ram Pawar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=37,146 |percentage=45.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Om Prakash Padda |party=Shivsena |votes=3,083 |percentage=3.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mehatab Singh Rana |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,950 |percentage=2.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajiv Dhurwa |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,784 |percentage=2.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=109 |percentage=0.13% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=81,218 |percentage=60.56% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,34,173 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Kanker district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|20.1|81.16|display=title}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

[[Category:Kanker district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Economy of the Maratha Empire

2026-04-19T16:27:35Z

RonaldKign: Creating A Article...

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}

The economy of the [[Maratha Empire]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Upton |first1=Clive |title=The Routledge dictionary of pronunciation for current English |last2=Kretzschmar |first2=William A. |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-138-12566-7 |edition=2nd |location=London; New York |pages=803}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Pronouncing dictionary of proper names: pronunciations for more than 28,000 proper names, selected for currency, frequency, or difficulty of pronunciation |date=1998 |publisher=Omnigraphics |isbn=978-0-7808-0098-4 |editor-last=Bollard |editor-first=John K. |edition=2nd |location=Detroit, Mich |pages=633}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Upton |first1=Clive |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm46433686 |title=The Oxford dictionary of pronunciation for current English |last2=Kretzschmar |first2=William A. |last3=Konopka |first3=Rafal |date=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-863156-9 |location=Oxford |pages=622 |oclc=ocm46433686}}</ref> was predominantly agriculture based and was sustained through a combination of land revenue, military tribute, extraction and a decentralized fiscal administration. It drew inspirations from earlier [[Deccan Sultanates|Deccan]] and [[Mughal empire|Mughal Empires]]. Marathas developed distinctive mechanisms such as [[Chauth]] and sardeshmukhi, which became central to their political expansion.<ref name="Gordon1993">{{cite book |last=Gordon |first=Stewart |title=The Marathas 1600–1818 |series=The New Cambridge History of India |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1993 |pages=90–115 |isbn=9780521268837 |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521268837}}
</ref>
[[File:MWI3371-Sivaji-CNG73.1186-2.81g-7h.jpg|thumb|right|Gold coins minted during Shivaji's era, 17th century.]]
[[File:Madhav Rao Narayan, the Maratha Peshwa with Nana Fadnavis and Attendants.jpg|thumb|right|The Maratha [[Peshwa]] [[Madhav Rao Narayan]] with [[Nana Fadnavis]].]]

The Marathas largely derived their taxation system from the Mughal tax administration system which was left largely intact with somewhat change with [[Tapan Raychaudhuri]] estimating revenue assessment actually increased to 50 percent or more, in contrast to China's 5 to 6 percent, to cover the cost of the wars.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Raychaudhuri|first1=Tapan|title=The Cambridge Economic History of India, II: The mid-eighteenth-century background|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgeeconomi02kuma|url-access=limited|date=1983|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgeeconomi02kuma/page/n34 17]}}</ref>

==Agriculture==
Agriculture formed the major basis of the Maratha economy. The economic revenue income was largely derived from land revenue collected from cultivators and zamindars.<ref name="Habib1999">{{cite book |last=Habib |first=Irfan |title=The Agrarian System of Mughal India 1556–1707 |edition=2nd |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |pages=360–365 |isbn=9780195623291 |url=https://archive.org/details/agrariansystemof00habi}}
</ref>
[[File:The Coronation Durbar with over 100 characters depicted in attendance.jpg|thumb|Coronation of [[Shivaji]] by [[M. V. Dhurandhar]]]]

[[Shivaji]], the first ruler of the [[Maratha Empire]] aimed to standardise revenue demand and reduce unfair exactions and form a centralised system of taxation.<ref name="Sarkar1919">{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |title=Shivaji and His Times |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co. |year=1919 |pages=247–255 |url=https://archive.org/details/shivajihistimes00sark}}
</ref>

[[File:Shivaji's seal, enlarged.jpg |thumb| Seal of [[Shivaji| Chatrapati Shivaji]]]]
Out of the [[Ashta Pradhan]], ''Amatya'' or ''Mujumdar'' - [[Finance Minister]], managed the accounts of the Empire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kkhsou.in/main/history/marathas.html|title = KKHSOU}}</ref> In 1662 Nilo Sondeo was appointed as Mujumdar. In 1674, at the Coronation ceremony, the post Mujumdar was renamed as Amatya and the title was solely bestowed [[Ramchandra Pant Amatya]].

==Textile production==
Textiles constituted the most important manufacturing activity within the Maratha economy. Cotton weaving, in particular, was widespread across the Deccan region and formed an essential component of both local consumption and inter-regional trade.

Production was typically carried out by artisan households, using traditional techniques and tools. Unlike the highly commercialised textile centres of Bengal or Gujarat, production in Maratha territories tended to be more regionally oriented and less export driven, however it still participated in wider Indian trade networks.<ref>{{cite book |last=Prakash |first=Om |title=European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |pages=210–215}}</ref>

==Revenue/Taxation system==
{{See also|Chauth}}
'''Chauth''' (from {{Langx|sa|चतुर्थ|lit=one fourth|translit=caturtha}}) was a regular tax or tribute imposed from the early 18th century by the [[Maratha Empire]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It was an annual tax nominally levied at 25% on revenue or produce, hence the name, on lands that were under nominal Mughal rule. The '''sardeshmukhi''' was an additional 10% levy on top of the ''chauth''. A tribute paid to the king, it was started by [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Som Shah of Ramnagar|Maharaja Som Shah of Ramnagar]].<ref>S. A. A. Rizvi, p. 263 of ''A Cultural History of India'' (1975), edited by A. L. Basham</ref><ref name="Gordon1993" /><ref name="Sarkar1919" />

These taxes constituted a significant portion of Maratha income and were extracted primarily from vasaal Mughal states and neighbouring regions.<ref name="Guha1985">{{cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |title=The Agrarian Economy of the Bombay Deccan 1818–1941 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1985 |pages=12–15 |isbn=9780195613278}}</ref>

[[File:Maratha darbar.jpg|thumb|right|Maratha darbar or [[Court (royal)|court]].]]
In 1719, the [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Rafi ud-Darajat]] granted [[Shahuji|Chhatrapati Shahu Raje Bhonsale]] the chauth and sardeshmukhi rights over the six Deccan provinces. The revenues from chauth were divided into four parts that went to various functionaries of the Maratha empire.<ref name="Mehta 492-494">{{cite book|last=Mehta|first=Jaswant Lal|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707 - 1813|year=2005|publisher=New Dawn Press|location=New Delhi|pages=492–494|isbn=9781932705546|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&q=chauth+and+sardeshmukhi&pg=PA492}}</ref>

==Finance==

The functioning of the Maratha state was heavily dependent on access to credit on Merchant-bankers and moneylenders known as [[Zamindar]]s. They financed politic campaigns and administrative expenses, linking the Maratha political control to wider commercial and financial networks. This was essential for the functioning of the Maratha economy.<ref name="Washbrook1988">{{cite journal |last=Washbrook |first=David |title=Progress and Problems: South Asian Economic and Social History |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=22 |issue=1 |year=1988 |pages=57–96 |jstor=312580}}</ref>

Each district ([[Pargana]]) had a chief called [[Deshmukh]] and the record keepers were called [[Deshpande]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gordon|first1=Stewart|title=The Marathas 1600-1818|date=1993|publisher=Cambridge University|location=New York|isbn=978-0521268837|pages=22, xiii|edition=1. publ.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C&q=%22deshmukh%22+%22deshpande%22+sultanate+pargana&pg=PR9}}</ref><ref name="Gandhi's Tiger and Sita's Smile: Essays on Gender, Sexuality, and Culture - Google Books">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zN4nTmnlwsAC&q=deshpande+surname&pg=PA74 | title=Gandhi's Tiger and Sita's Smile: Essays on Gender, Sexuality, and Culture - Google Books | publisher=Yoda Press, 2005 | author=Ruth Vanita | year=2005 | page=316 | isbn=9788190227254}}</ref> The lowest administrative unit was the village. Village society in Marathi areas included the Patil or the head of the village, collector of revenue, and [[Kulkarni]], the village record-keeper. These were hereditary positions.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Deshpande|first1=Arvind M.|title=John Briggs in Maharashtra: A Study of District Administration Under Early British rule|date=1987|publisher=Mittal|location=Delhi|isbn=9780836422504|pages=118–119|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79sS_w_bOQYC&q=balutedar+maharashtra&pg=PP15}}</ref> The village also used to have twelve hereditary servants called the [[Bara Balutedar|Balutedar]]. The Balutedar system supported the agrarian sector. Servants under this system provided services to the farmers and the economic system of the village.<ref>{{cite journal | jstor=44140322 | title=Social and Economic Position of Brahmins in Maharashtra in the Age of Shivaji | last1=Kulkarni | first1=A. R. | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress | year=1964 | volume=26 | pages=66–75 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Kosambi |editor-first=Meera |last=Kulkarni |first=A. R. |chapter=The Mahar Watan: A Historical Perspective |title=Intersections: Socio-Cultural Trends in Maharashtra|date=2000|publisher=Sangam|location=London|isbn=978-0863118241|pages=121–140|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XU8dmAiaZSgC&pg=PA121|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref>
In exchange for their services, the ''balutedars'' were granted complex sets of hereditary rights (watan) to a share in the village harvest under a [[Barter]] system.<ref>Fukazawa, H., 1972. Rural Servants in the 18th Century Maharashtrian Village—Demiurgic or Jajmani System?. Hitotsubashi journal of economics, 12(2), pp.14-40.</ref>

==Trade==
Trade played a secondary but important role in the Maratha economy. Local markets facilitated the exchange of agricultural produce, textiles, and livestock to other neighbouring Kingdoms and coastal regions. A well developed internal trade network connected major regional trading centers such as [[Pune]] and [[Nagpur]] with [[Gujarat]] and other parts of North India.<ref name="ChandraMedieval">{{cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |title=History of Medieval India |pages=250–270 |url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-medieval-india-800-1700}}
</ref>

The Marathas also promoted trade via ports like [[Chaul]], [[Dabhol]], and [[Surat]], asserting control over coastal trade.<ref name="Kurup1997">{{cite book |last=Kurup |first=K. K. N. |title=India's Naval Traditions: The Role of the Navy in the History of India |publisher=Northern Book Centre |year=1997 |pages=140–160}}</ref>
[[File:Thomas Daniell, Sir Charles Warre Malet, Concluding a Treaty in 1790 in Durbar with the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire.jpg|right|thumb|270x270px|Durbar of Peshwa [[Madhavrao II]]]]

The Marathas did interact with some European trading companies, particularly along the western coast. However, trade remained minimal between two parties. Over time the Maratha economy was slowly integrated into a pre existing inter regional and wider [[Indian Ocean]] trade network with links to Deccan markets, [[West Asia]] and even [[Europe]].<ref name="Roy2013">{{cite book |last=Roy |first=Tirthankar |title=An Economic History of Early Modern India |edition=2nd |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |pages=18–25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3dQcAAAAQBAJ}}
</ref>
<ref name="Prakash1998">{{cite book |last=Prakash |first=Om |title=European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |pages=210–215 |isbn=9780521257589 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/european-commercial-enterprise-in-precolonial-india/7714E1D87BC2BBB8F4B6CF23BDBFFE17}}
</ref>

==Industrialization==
Some authors such as Frank Perlin and [[ Sanjay Subrahmanyam]] have classified the eighteenth century Deccan economy in proto-industrial terms. Perlin argued that pre-colonial South Asian economies, including those under Maratha influence, were marked by significant commercialization, monetization, and integration into wider market networks, rather than being confined to subsistence production.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Perlin |first=Frank |title=Proto-industrialization and pre-colonial South Asia |journal=Past & Present |year=1983 |issue=98 |pages=30–95 |doi=10.1093/past/98.1.30}}</ref>
These features showed some semblance to the economic patterns of a proto-industrial state.<ref>{{cite book |last=Subrahmanyam |first=Sanjay |title=The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500–1650 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1990 |pages=300–320 |isbn=9780521383455}}</ref>

However, Perlin did not explicitly classify the Maratha economy as proto-industrial, but rather put it within a broader understanding of pre-colonial economic structures,
suggesting that some parts of the of the Deccan region showed of early proto-industrial development.<ref>{{cite book |last=Perlin |first=Frank |title=The Invisible City: Monetary, Administrative and Popular Infrastructures in Asia and Europe, 1500–1900 |publisher=Variorum |year=1993 |pages=1–30}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Economic history of India]]
* [[Economic history of the Indian subcontinent]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Maratha Empire}}

[[Category:Economic history of India]]
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
[[Category:Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:History of taxation in India]]

Bilaspur Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-19T08:57:36Z

RonaldKign: Creating A Stub

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Chhattisgarh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Bilaspur {{Small|CG-5}}
| constituency_no =
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Chhattisgarh/Bilaspur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Bilaspur Lok Sabha constituency
| reservation = None
| established = 1952
| incumbent_image = Tokhan Sahu.jpg
| party = {{Party index link|BJP}}
| mp = [[Tokhan Sahu]] {{small|[[Minister of State|MoS]] in [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs]]}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| preceded_by = [[Arun Sao]], [[BJP]]
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| assembly_cons = [[Kota (Chhattisgarh) (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kota]] [[Lormi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lormi]] [[Mungeli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mungeli]] [[Takhatpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Takhatpur]] [[Bilha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bilha]] [[Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bilaspur]] [[Beltara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Beltara]] [[Masturi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Masturi]]
}}
'''Bilaspur''' is a [[Lok Sabha]] parliamentary [[constituency]] in [[Chhattisgarh]].

== Bilaspur-Durg-Raipur Lok Sabha constituency ==
During the [[1951–52 Indian general election|1951-52 Lok Sabha elections]], Bilaspur, [[Durg Lok Sabha constituency|Durg]] and [[Raipur Lok Sabha constituency|Raipur]] formed a joint parliamentary constituency. This arrangement continued until the [[Delimitation Commission of India|1956 delimitation]], when the areas were separated into present three distinct constituencies.

The joint constituency elected two Members of Parliament, [[Bhupendra Nath Misra|Bhupendra Nath Mishra]] & Agam Dass Guru.
After Guru Agam Das Guru's death in 1955, his wife [[Minimata Agam Dass Guru|Minimata]] won the subsequent by-election, becoming the third representative from this region.

==Assembly segments==
Bilaspur Lok Sabha constituency is composed of the following assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web| url= http://genesys.eci.gov.in/fullcandidatelist/uireports.aspx| title= CandidateAC.xls file on assembly constituencies with information on district and parliamentary constituencies| accessdate= 2008-11-22| work= Chhattisgarh| publisher= Election Commission of India| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081204083059/http://genesys.eci.gov.in/fullcandidatelist/uireports.aspx| archivedate= 4 December 2008| url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.delimitation-india.com/Final_Publications/Chhattisgarh/Chhattisgarh.pdf
|title = Final notification on delimitation of Chhattisgarh constituencies
|publisher = Delimitation Commission of India
|date = 2008-06-02
|accessdate = 2008-11-23
|url-status = usurped
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061229001834/http://www.delimitation-india.com/Final_Publications/Chhattisgarh/Chhattisgarh.pdf
|archivedate = 2006-12-29
}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|[[Kota (Chhattisgarh) (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
|[[Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district|Gaurella-Pendra-Marwahi]]
|Atal Shrivastava
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=8}}
|-
|[[Lormi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lormi]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mungeli district|Mungeli]]
|[[Arun Sao]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
|[[Mungeli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mungeli]] (SC)
|[[Punnulal Mohle]]
|-
|[[Takhatpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Takhatpur]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
|[[Dharmjeet Singh Thakur|Dharamjeet Singh]]
|-
|[[Bilha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bilha]]
|[[Dharamlal Kaushik]]
|-
|[[Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bilaspur]]
|[[Amar Agrawal]]
|-
|[[Beltara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Beltara]]
|Sushant Shukla
|-
|[[Masturi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Masturi]] (SC)
|Dilip Lahariya
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Winner
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Bhupendra Nath Misra]]{{efn|name="joint"|for the joint Lok Sabha constituency of Bilaspur-[[Durg Lok Sabha constituency|Durg]]-[[Raipur Lok Sabha constituency|Raipur]]}}
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=7|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Agam Dass Guru<ref>{{cite web | title=IndiaVotes PC: Bilaspur Durg Raipur 1952 | website=IndiaVotes | url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=1&pcname=BILASPUR+DURG+RAIPUR&submit= | access-date=2026-02-20}}</ref>{{efn|name="joint"}}
|-
| 1955
| [[Minimata Agam Dass Guru]]{{efn|Minimata was elected in by-elections in 1955 after the sudden demise of the sitting MP, her husband Guru Agam Dass.}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|[[Reshamlal Jangade]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|Dr Chandrabhan Singh
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|[[Amar Singh Sahgal]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[Ram Gopal Tiwari]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Niranjan Prasad Kesharwani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Godil Prasad Anuragi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[Khelan Ram Jangde]]

|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Reshamlal Jangade]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[Khelan Ram Jangde]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Punnulal Mohle]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=8|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Dilip Singh Judeo]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Lakhan Lal Sahu]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Arun Sao]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Tokhan Sahu]]
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Tokhan Sahu]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=724,937 |percentage=53.25 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Devendra Yadav]]|party=Indian National Congress |votes=560,739 |percentage=41.16 |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |party=None of the above |candidate=None of the above |votes=2,849|percentage= 0.21 |change=}}

{{Election box majority|| votes= 164,198 |percentage=12.09 |change=}}

{{Election box turnout|| votes= 1,365,126|percentage=64.88|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Arun Sao]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 634,559
|percentage = 52.47
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Atal Shrivastav
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 492,796
|percentage = 40.75
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Uttam Das Guroo Gosai
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 21,180
|percentage = 1.75
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND.]]
|candidate = Engineer Indrasen Mogre
|votes = 11,982
|percentage = 0.99
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|votes = 4,365
|percentage = 0.36
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 141,763
|percentage = 12.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,210,261
|percentage = 64.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Lakhan Lal Sahu]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 561,387
|percentage = 51.48
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =[[Karuna Shukla]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 384,951
|percentage = 35.30
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =Dharam Bhargav
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 26,340
|percentage = 2.42
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =Anand Mishra
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 20,733
|percentage = 1.90
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =176,436
|percentage = 16.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,090,583
|percentage = 63.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Dilip Singh Judeo]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 347,930
|percentage = 45.18
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =[[Renu Jogi|Dr. Renu Jogi]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 327,791
|percentage = 42.57
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =Advocate T. R. Nirala
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 20,108
|percentage = 2.61
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|candidate =Daya Das Lahre
|party = [[Independent politician|IND.]]
|votes = 13,800
|percentage = 1.79
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =20,139
|percentage = 2.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 770,024
|percentage =52.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|22.1|82.1|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bilaspur (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh]]

Arvinder Singh Lovely (Gandhi Nagar MLA)

2026-04-18T22:34:51Z

RonaldKign: adding new bio w/ infobox

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Arvinder Singh Lovely
| image = Arvinder Singh Lovely receiving the National Award for Excellence in Urban Transport from the Union Minister of Urban Development, Shri S. Jaipal Reddy, at the Valedictory Session of 2nd Urban Mobility India Conference-2009.jpg
| caption = Arvinder Singh Lovely receiving the National Award for Excellence in Urban Transport from the Union Minister of Urban Development, Shri S. Jaipal Reddy, at the Valedictory Session of the 2nd Urban Mobility India Conference, 2009
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1968|12|11}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| office = [[Delhi Legislative Assembly|Member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 8 February 2025
| constituency = [[Gandhi Nagar, Delhi Assembly constituency|Gandhi Nagar]]
| predecessor = [[Anil Kumar Bajpai]]
| term_start1 = 25 November 1998
| term_end1 = 10 February 2015
| constituency1 = [[Gandhi Nagar, Delhi Assembly constituency|Gandhi Nagar]]
| predecessor1 = Darshan Kumar Bahl
| successor1 = [[Anil Kumar Bajpai]]
| office2 = [[Government of Delhi|Cabinet Minister, Government of Delhi]]
| term_start2 = 15 December 2003
| term_end2 = 27 November 2013
| lieutenant_governor2 = {{ubl|[[Vijai Kapoor]]|[[Banwari Lal Joshi]]|[[Najeeb Jung]]}}
| 2blankname2 = Ministries and Departments
| 2namedata2 = * Education
* Urban Development & Revenue
* Transport
* Languages
* Tourism
* Gurudwara Elections
* Local Bodies & Gurudwara Administration
| office3 = President, [[Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| term_start3 = 31 August 2023
| term_end3 = 28 April 2024
| predecessor3 = [[Anil Chaudhary (politician)|Anil Chaudhary]]
| successor3 = [[Devender Yadav]] (''interim'')
| term_start4 = 20 December 2013
| term_end4 = 10 February 2015
| predecessor4 = [[Jai Parkash Aggarwal]]
| successor4 = [[Ajay Maken]]
| party = {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}}[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2017–2018; 2024–present)
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]] (1998–2017; 2018–2024)
| father = Balwinder Singh
| spouse = Gurveen Kaur
| children = {{ubl|Navjot Singh|Parminder Singh}}
| website =
| source = <ref name="DA_Profile">[http://delhiassembly.nic.in/aspfile/whos_who/VthAssembly/ArvinderSinghLovely.htm Profile on Delhi Assembly website]</ref>
}}

'''Arvinder Singh Lovely''' (born 11 December 1968) is an Indian politician from Delhi, currently serving as a Member of the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Gandhi Nagar, Delhi Assembly constituency|Gandhi Nagar]] constituency. He is a five-term MLA, having represented Gandhi Nagar in the Delhi Assembly from 1998 to 2015 and again since 2025 as a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) legislator.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-08 |title=Gandhi Nagar Election Results 2025 Live: BJP's Arvinder Singh Lovely wins with 12,748 votes, defeating AAP's Naveen Chaudhary |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/gandhi-nagar-election-results-2025-live-counting-of-votes-to-begin-shortly-aaps-naveen-chaudhary-bjps-arvinder-singh-lovely-in-focus/articleshow/118045220.cms |access-date=2025-02-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

He earlier served as a Cabinet Minister in the [[Government of Delhi]] for over a decade (2003–2013) under Chief Minister [[Sheila Dikshit]], handling key portfolios including Transport, Education, Urban Development, Revenue, Tourism, and Gurudwara Elections.

Lovely also served twice as President of the [[Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee]], first from 2013 to 2015 and again from 2023 to 2024.

He was the pro-tem Speaker of the Delhi Assembly and was recently appointed Chairman of the [[Trans Yamuna Development Board]], a position with the status equivalent to that of a Cabinet Minister in the Delhi government.

==Early life and education==

Lovely was born in Gandhinagar, he is the son of Balwinder Singh. He completed his graduation in political science at [[SGTB Khalsa College]] which is affiliated with [[University of Delhi]]. He started as students leader and was elected as the chairman of Bhimrao Ambedkar College, Delhi. He married Gurveen Kaur and together they have two sons.

==Career==

Arvinder Singh Lovely began his political career as a student leader. He was elected General Secretary of the [[Delhi Pradesh Youth Congress]] in 1990 and later served as General Secretary of the [[National Students’ Union of India|NSUI]] from 1992 to 1996.

He was first elected to the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] in the [[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]] from the [[Gandhi Nagar, Delhi Assembly constituency|Gandhi Nagar]] constituency at the age of 28, making him the youngest MLA in the Delhi Assembly at that time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1998 Delhi Election Results |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4123-delhi-1998/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

In 2003, at the age of 33, he became the youngest member of the [[Sheila Dikshit]]-led Delhi Cabinet, holding several key portfolios during his tenure from 2003 to 2013. These included Urban Development & Revenue, Education, Transport, Tourism, Languages, Gurudwara Elections, Local Bodies & Gurudwara Administration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile on Delhi Assembly website |url=http://delhiassembly.nic.in/aspfile/whos_who/VthAssembly/ArvinderSinghLovely.htm |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Delhi Legislative Assembly}}</ref>

Lovely represented Gandhi Nagar for four consecutive terms (1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013) and returned to the Assembly in 2025 for a fifth term after winning the constituency once again. He was nominated as the senior-most member and subsequently appointed as the Pro-tem Speaker for the 2025 session of the Delhi Vidhan Sabha. He was later appointed Chairman of the Trans Yamuna Development Board, a position accorded the status equivalent to that of a Cabinet Minister in the Delhi Government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 Aug 2025 |title=Lovely appointed Trans Yamuna Development Board chairman |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/lovely-appointed-trans-yamuna-development-board-chairman-101754160620903.html |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 Aug 2025 |title=Arvinder Lovely appointed chairman of Trans Yamuna Development Board |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/arvinder-lovely-appointed-chairman-of-trans-yamuna-development-board-1503475493.html |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=The Statesman}}</ref>

In the [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]], he contested as a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate from Gandhi Nagar and won with 56,858 votes, defeating his nearest rival [[Aam Aadmi Party]] candidate Naveen Chaudhary by a margin of 12,748 votes. He secured a vote share of 53.94%.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-08 |title=Gandhi Nagar Election Results 2025 Live: BJP's Arvinder Singh Lovely wins with 12,748 votes, defeating AAP's Naveen Chaudhary |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/gandhi-nagar-election-results-2025-live-counting-of-votes-to-begin-shortly-aaps-naveen-chaudhary-bjps-arvinder-singh-lovely-in-focus/articleshow/118045220.cms |access-date=2025-02-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandhi Nagar Election Result 2025: Arvinder Singh Lovely of BJP Wins, Defeats Naveen Chaudhary (Deepu) of AAP |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/gandhi-nagar-election-result-2025-live-updates-highlights-winner-leading-mla-margin-9218868.html |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandhi Nagar Election Results 2025: How Arvinder Singh Lovely, Naveen Chaudhary performed in Gandhi Nagar constituency |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/delhi/delhi-assembly-elections-2025-results-how-arvinder-singh-lovely-naveen-chaudhary-performed-in-gandhi-nagar-constituency-3396382 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-08 |title=Delhi Election Results 2025: Arvinder Singh Lovely wins Gandhi Nagar after Congress switch |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/delhi-gandhi-nagar-election-result-2025-live-updates-naveen-choudhary-arvinder-singh-lovely-kamal-arora-19554009.htm |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

Lovely served as President of the [[Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee]] twice, from 2013 to 2015 and again from 2023 to 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2024 |title=Arvinder Singh Lovely resigns as Delhi Congress chief, cites alliance with AAP |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/arvinder-singh-lovely-resigns-as-delhi-congress-chief-report-101714279054552.html |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

He left the [[Indian National Congress]] in April 2017 to join the BJP, rejoined Congress in February 2018, and eventually returned to the BJP in May 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arvinder Singh Lovely rejoins Congress |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arvinder-singh-lovely-rejoins-congress/article22782625.ece |work=The Hindu |date=17 February 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://delhiassembly.nic.in/aspfile/whos_who/min_of_edu.htm Profile on the Delhi Legislatively Assembly website]
{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228020252/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/statewiseU05.htm?st=U05 |date=2013-12-28 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lovely, Arvinder Singh}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2013–2015]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:People from East Delhi district]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 1998–2003]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2025–2030]]

Ongole Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:31:25Z

RonaldKign: Added new article!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ongole
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (108-Ongole highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Ongole Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[Damacharla Janardhana Rao]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ongole Lok Sabha constituency|Ongole]]
| reservation = None
| established = 1951
| constituency_no = 108
| electors = 229,317
| type = SLA
}}

'''Ongole Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Prakasam district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Ongole Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ongole Loksabha |url=https://chanakyya.com/Parliament-Details/Ongole}}</ref>

[[Damacharla Janardhana Rao]] is the current [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]] with a vote majority of 34,206.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Election results |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S01108.htm |url-status= |website= |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref> As of 2019, there are a total of 229,317 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|format=PDF|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|6}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.

== Mandals ==
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Ongole]]
|-
| [[Kothapatnam]]
|}

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
|[[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[Kasukurthi Malakondiah]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]
| [[Tanguturi Prakasam Panthulu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Bollineni Venkata Lakshmi Narayana]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| C. R. Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Srungarapu Jeevaratnam Naidu]]
|-
|[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|-
|[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Pongupati Koteswara Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
|[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[Bachala Balaiah]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| [[Edara Hari Babu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
|[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| rowspan=4 |[[Balineni Srinivasa Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2012 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election|2012]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Damacharla Janardhana Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| [[Balineni Srinivasa Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Damacharla Janardhana Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kasukurthi Malakondiah |party=Communist Party of India |votes=37,716 |percentage=22.49% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Madala Narayannaswami|party=Communist Party of India|votes=33,718|percentage=20.11%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dhara Gopalasastri|party=Independent politician|votes=16,455|percentage=9.81%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bachina Subha Rao|party=Krishikar Lok Party|votes=16,284|percentage=9.71%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kakuman Kotaiah|party=Krishikar Lok Party|votes=10,588|percentage=6.31%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dunmpa Ramakrishna Reddi|party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party|votes=10,525|percentage=6.28%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sagi Vijayaramaraju|party=Indian National Congress|votes=9,809|percentage=5.85%|change=5.85%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kommuri Raghavaiah|party=Independent politician|votes=8,024|percentage=4.78%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dhara Ramaswami|party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party|votes=7,890|percentage=4.70%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Talluri Jiyyardoss|party=Indian National Congress|votes=7,562|percentage=4.51%|change=4.51%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bollapalli Ramadasu|party=Independent politician|votes=2,535|percentage=1.51%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,998 |percentage=2.38% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,67,706|percentage=103.34%|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,62,288 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957 ''(By-poll)''===
{{Election box begin|title=1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election: Ongole<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/Bye-ele-results%2052-95.xls |title=Bye-election results 1952-95|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111183847/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/Bye-ele-results%2052-95.xls|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=XLS|website=www.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=B.V.L. Narayana |party=Independent politician |votes=40,911 |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T.A. Devi|party=Indian National Congress|votes=30,820|percentage=|change=}}"
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Smt.T.A. Devi|party=Independent politician|votes=2,376|percentage=|change=}}"
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,091 |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Communist Party of India|swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Bollineni Venkatalakshmi Narayana]]|party= Independent politician |votes=24,506 |percentage=55.02% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Ronda Narapa Reddy]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=18,419|percentage=41.35%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,087 |percentage=13.67% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=46,629|percentage=63.93%|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 72,941 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician ||loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ C.R.Reddy]]|party= Indian National Congress|votes=27,503 |percentage=48.48% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Bollineni Venkatalakshmi Narayana]]|party=Independent|votes=19,491|percentage=34.35%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,012 |percentage=14.12% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=59,660|percentage=77.01%|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,467 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Indian National Congress||loser= Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Srungavarapu Jeevaratnam Naidu]]|party= Indian National Congress|votes=32,154 |percentage=57.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Nalluri Anjaiah]]|party=Communist Party of India|votes=20,921|percentage=37.36%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,233 |percentage=20.06% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=57,159|percentage=60.70%|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,167 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner= Indian National Congress ||loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Srungavarapu Jeevaratnam Naidu]]|party= Indian National Congress (I) |votes=32,574 |percentage=44.97% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Balineni Venkateswara Reddy]]|party=Janata Party|votes=27,494|percentage=37.96%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,080 |percentage=7.01% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=73,705|percentage=69.47%|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 106,100 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Indian National Congress (I) |loser= Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1983===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Ponugupati Koteswara Rao]]|party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=50,394 |percentage=56.92% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Thatiparti Subba Reddy]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=20,546|percentage=23.21%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=29,848 |percentage=33.71% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=89,776|percentage=67.99%|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 132,046 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Telugu Desam Party|loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1985===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ponugupati Koteswara Rao]]|party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=53,654 |percentage=53.82% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Pasupuleti Malakondaiah Naidu]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=44,630|percentage=44.77%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,024 |percentage=9.05% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=100,765|percentage=68.79%|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 146,479 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner= Telugu Desam Party|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Bachala Balaiah]]|party= Indian National Congress |votes=68,704 |percentage=57.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kamepalli Venkata Ramana Rao]]|party=Telugu Desam Party|votes=49,214|percentage=41.49%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,490 |percentage=16.43% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=120,586|percentage=65.25%|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 185,229|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Indian National Congress|loser= Telugu Desam Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1994===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Edara Hari Babu]]|party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=53,487 |percentage=50.16% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Venkateswarlu Yedlapudi]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=33,608|percentage=31.52%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,879 |percentage=18.64% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=107,742|percentage=65.27%|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 165061 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Telugu Desam Party|loser= Indian National Congress|swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===1999===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Balineni Srinivasa Reddy]]|party= Indian National Congress |votes=44,707|percentage=39.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Yakkala Tulasi Rao]]|party=Telugu Desam Party|votes=38,485|percentage=33.80%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,222 |percentage=5.46% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=118144|percentage=59.65%|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 198048|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Indian National Congress |loser= Telugu Desam Party|swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Balineni Srinivasa Reddy]]|votes=72,380|percentage=58.50|change=+19.23}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Sidda Raghava Rao|votes=48,209|percentage=38.96|change=-5.16}}
{{Election box majority||votes=24,171|percentage=19.54|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=123,733|percentage=69.64|change=+12.15}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh state assembly elections]]: Ongole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Balineni Srinivasa Reddy]]|votes=67,214|percentage=42.94|change=-15.56}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Edara Hari Babu]]|votes=44,300|percentage=28.26|change=-10.70}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=[[Anand Parvathareddy]]|votes=33,716|percentage=21.54|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=22,986|percentage=14.68|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=156,523|percentage=66.81|change=-2.83}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}'''2012'''{{Election box begin|title=[[2012 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Ongole}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Balineni Srinivasa Reddy|votes=77,222|percentage=48.80|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Damacharla Janardhana Rao|votes=49,819|percentage=31.48|change=|}}
{{Election box majority|votes=|percentage=|change=|}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,58,238|percentage=|change=|}}
{{Election box gain with party link||winner=YSR Congress Party|loser=Indian National Congress|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4055-andhra-pradesh-2014/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Damacharla Janardhana Rao]]|votes=93,025|percentage=51.29|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=[[Balineni Srinivasa Reddy]]|votes=80,597|percentage=44.44|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=12,428|percentage=6.85|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=181,376|percentage=77.58|change=+10.77}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11673-andhra-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=[[Balineni Srinivasa Reddy]]|votes=1,01,022|percentage=52.08|change=+7.64}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Damacharla Janardhana Rao]]|votes=78,777|percentage=40.61|change=-10.69}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janasena Party|candidate=Sk. Reyaz|votes=10,304|percentage=5.31|change=''N/A''}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=1,333|percentage=0.69|change=''N/A''}}
{{Election box majority||votes=22,245|percentage=11.47|change=+0.70}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,93,971|percentage=TBA|change=TBA}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ongole<ref name=election2024>{{cite web |url= https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/andhra-pradesh/ongole-constituency-result-1108/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2024|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="Ongole Constituency Election Results 2024">{{cite news |title=Ongole Constituency Election Results 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/ongole |access-date=28 May 2025 |work= |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528162021/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/ongole |archive-date=28 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Damacharla Janardhana Rao]]
|votes = 118,800
|percentage = 56.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=[[Balineni Srinivasa Reddy]]|votes=84,774|percentage=40.5|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Turakapalli Naga Lakshmi|votes=2,067|percentage=0.99|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None Of The Above|votes=1,310|percentage=0.63|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=34,026|percentage=16.25|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=2,09,303|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{coord|15.51|80.04|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ongole]]
[[Category:Prakasam district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi – Kahani Mata Rani Ki

2026-04-01T06:12:51Z

RonaldKign: started bio!

{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
{{Cleanup|date=March 2026|reason=The article needs to be formatted according to standard wiki guidelines and checked for grammar.}}
{{In-universe|subject=article|date=March 2026}}
}}
{{short description|Indian television mythological series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi.jpeg
| caption =
| alt_name = [[Vaishno Devi|Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi]]
| genre = [[Mythology]]
| channel = [[Star Bharat]]
| creator = Rashmi Sharma
| based_on =
| writer = {{ubl|Utkarsh Naithani|Anshumali Jha}}
| director = {{ubl|Bhagwan Yadav|Sandeep Vijay}}
| creative_director = {{ubl|Mallika Sahay|Dharm Singh}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Paridhi Sharma]]|[[Madirakshi Mundle]]|[[Ishita Ganguly]]|[[Shaily Priya Pandey]]}}
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 207
| producer = {{ubl|Rashmi Sharma|Pawan Kumar Marut}}
| location = Ramdev Film City
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = Rashmi Sharma Telefilms
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2019|9|30}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2020|10|2}}
}}
'''''Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi – Kahani Mata Rani Ki''''' is an Indian [[mythological]] television series that premiered on 30 September 2019 on [[Star Bharat]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/jag-janni-maa-vaishno-devis-launch-toral-rasputra-madirakshi-mundle-talk-about-their-roles/videoshow/71184003.cms|title=Jag Janni Maa Vaishno Devi's launch: Toral Rasputra, Madirakshi Mundle talk about their roles|date=18 September 2019|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=11 November 2019}}</ref> It is based on the life of Goddess [[Vaishno Devi]]. The series was produced by Rashmi Sharma and Pawan Kumar Marut under Rashmi Sharma Telefilms. The show aired its last episode on 2 October 2020.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jag-janani-maa-vaishnodevi-to-go-off-air-on-october-3/articleshow/78348030.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927145630/https://m.timesofindia.com/tv/news/hindi/jag-janani-maa-vaishnodevi-to-go-off-air-on-october-3/amp_articleshow/78348030.cms|url-status=live|archive-date=27 September 2020|title=Jag Janani Maa Vaishnodevi to go off air|date=27 September 2020|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref>

The series was relaunched on 17 October 2020, during the [[Navaratri]] festival, under the name ''Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi – Mahima Mata Rani Ki''.

== Plot ==
The story begins with the battle between the gods and demons escalating. In order to end all the evil on Earth, the [[Tridevi]]—the trinity of [[Lakshmi]], [[Saraswati]], and [[Parvati]] / [[Kali]]—combine their powers to create a divine force. This divine force is born in the Kingdom of Sripuram and is named Vaishnavi. Upon her birth, her father is called by the Tridevi in the heavens. They inform him that Vaishnavi is not an ordinary human and has a specific goal to complete. They instruct him to let her make her own decisions once she becomes aware of her powers, to which he agrees. When Queen Samriddhi, Vaishnavi's mother, learns of this promise, she tries to keep Vaishnavi away from the temple of [[Vishnu]] out of fear of losing her daughter. Eventually, however, Vaishnavi discovers the temple and realizes her powers.

The show follows a series of incidents where Vaishnavi helps the people in her kingdom. She offers food to the villagers, leading a girl named Bharti to befriend her and gift her a shawl. This shawl helps Vaishnavi assume her real form as Vaishno Devi. When the festival of [[Navaratri]] begins, Vaishnavi narrates the story of the [[Navadurga]] (locally known as a [[Jagrata]]). During the [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]], Bharti sees a vision of Vaishnavi taking the form of the Navadurga and defeating demons without violence, intending to end evil in humanity. The Tridevi then impart knowledge to Vaishnavi and awaken her inner powers. She meditates for several years to fully transform into Vaishno Devi.

Years later, Vaishnavi has grown up and sets out to help her devotees. Bhairon Nath, a tantrik, is sent by his guru to find a divine energy he sensed. He tracks down Vaishno Devi, but develops inappropriate feelings for her. Vaishnavi assumes her divine form and warns him. When he refuses to listen, she beheads him. The Tridevi and [[Trimurti]] had previously agreed that if Vaishno Devi killed anyone, [[Shiva]] would end the world. However, Vaishno Devi explains to Shiva that she granted Bhairon Nath salvation, which placates him.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Maisha Dixit as young [[Vaishno Devi]] (2019–2020)
* [[Puja Banerjee]] / [[Paridhi Sharma]] as [[Vaishno Devi]]: The combined incarnation of Saraswati, Lakshmi, and Kali.

=== Recurring ===
* [[Hrishikesh Pandey]] as King Ratnakar Sagar: Vaishnavi's father
* [[Toral Rasputra]] as Queen Samriddhi: Vaishnavi's mother

'''The Three Goddesses (Tridevi)'''
* Manisha Rawat as [[Saraswati]]: Goddess of the arts, wisdom, music, and literature; Brahma's consort
* [[Madirakshi Mundle]] as [[Lakshmi]]: Goddess of wealth and prosperity; Vishnu's consort
* [[Ishita Ganguly]] as [[Parvati]] / [[Kali]]: Goddess of power and destruction of demons; Shiva's consort

'''The Three Gods (Trimurti)'''
* Amardeep Garg as [[Brahma]]: The creator god; Saraswati's consort
* Vikas Salgotra as [[Vishnu]]: The protector god; Lakshmi's consort
* [[Kapil Arya]] as [[Shiva]]: The destroyer god; Parvati's consort

'''Other recurring cast'''
* [[Sumedh Mudgalkar]] as the narrator (voiceover)
* Preetika Chauhan as [[Bhudevi]]: Goddess of the earth, an aspect of Lakshmi
* [[Sailesh Gulabani]] as [[Indra]]: King of the gods
* [[Vikas Verma]] as Moor: Former ruler of the Netherworld
* Athar Siddiqui as demon Shrikaal
* Vijay Badlani as Swarna Sagar: Ratnakar's younger brother
* [[Preet Kaur Madhan]] as Kadika: Swarna's wife
* Aryavart Mishra in a [[dual role]] as:
** child Chandra Sagar: Swarna and Kadika's son
** child Prasad: Shridhar and Sulochana's son
* Shantanu Monga as adult Chandra Sagar
* [[Aarav Chowdhary]] as Mahipal: Senapati of Shripuram
* [[Kunal Bakshi]] as Maharaj Vimargsen
* Esha Pathak as teenage Bharti
* [[Anjali Abrol]] / Razia Khanam / [[Shaily Priya Pandey]] as adult Bharti: Vaishnavi's best friend and a true devotee
* Varsha Chandra / [[Neha Bam]] as Bhakti: Bharti and Shullu's mother
* Ankit Rana as adult Shushlok (Shullu): Bharti's younger brother
* Saurav Singh as adult Khagendra
* Surbhi Gautam as adult Adhira
* Rajesh Dubey as Pandit Loknath
* Saurabh Deshpande / Gaurav Kothari as adult Rechak: Loknath's son
* [[Rohit Kumar ( Actor )|Rohit Kumar]] as adult Kumbhak: Loknath's son
** Pranit Gopalani as child Kumbhak
* [[Sikandar Kharbanda]] as Pisach Raj: King of ghosts<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2019 |title=Sikandar Kharbanda makes his mythological debut with 'Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sikandar-kharbanda-makes-his-mythological-debut-with-jag-janani-maa-vaishno-devi/articleshow/71806852.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* Sandeep Sharma as Pandit Jatashankar
* [[Himanshu Soni]] as [[Rama]]: King of Ayodhya
* Ram Yashvardhan / [[Ankit Mohan]] as Bhairavnath: A tantrik who sets out to find Vaishnavi
* Saurabh Sewal Asr / Mana Singh Parmar as Vibhutinath: Bhairavnath's younger brother
* Kuldeep Dubey as Shridhar: A true devotee of Goddess Vaishno Devi
* Preity Sahay as Sulochana: Shridhar's wife
* [[Danish Akhtar Saifi]] as [[Hanuman]]
* Vishal Dhingrra as Mandhari
* [[Adi Irani]] as Devendra: An influential village chief with no religious beliefs
* [[Geeta Tyagi]] as Jyoti: Devendra's wife
* Naveen Pandita as Narendra: Devendra and Jyoti's son
* Aarushi Sharma as Kishori: Devendra and Jyoti's daughter
* [[Khushwant Walia]] as Bheema: Devendra's nephew
* Ravi Kothari as Sankata
* Shyam Lal as Damru
* Dipti Patil as Sugna
* Gaurrav Walia as Bhadrak: Bhairavnath's friend
* Prity Singhaniya as Lali
* Payal Gupta as Latika: Prachandasur's lover
* Aakriti Sharma as Rajjo
* Yogendra Kumaria as Suraj Bhan: Rajjo's father
* Khushi Rajpoot as Kulotama: Rajjo's step-mother
* Pradeep Kumar Tiwari as Banke: Kulotama's brother
* [[Sonal Parihar]] as Naulakha
* Aishwarya Raj Bhakuni as Shubhangi: A bride kidnapped by the demon Dumdubi
* Rishabh Bhardwaj as a groom; Shubhangi's husband
* [[Rohit Choudhary]] as demon Dumdubi (Bhuvan)
* Unknown as demon Sankala: Dumdubi's mother

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/maa-vaishnodevi/1260011373 Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi – Kahani Mata Rani Ki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829120406/https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/maa-vaishnodevi/1260011373 |date=29 August 2022 }} on [[Hotstar]]
* {{IMDb title|tt10956052|Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi – Kahani Mata Rani Ki}}

[[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television series about Hindu deities]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Star Bharat original programming]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]

Shaalini Saravanan

2026-03-26T19:14:24Z

RonaldKign: Created biography

{{Short description|Indian volleyball player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
'''Shaalini Saravanan''' (born 19 July 2000) is an Indian volleyball player from [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saravanan Shaalini - AVC Women’s Nations Cup 2025 - Players |url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/volleyball/competitions/avc-women-nations-cup/players/168654 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=volleyballworld.com |language=en}}</ref> She plays for [[India women's national volleyball team]] as an outside hitter, and for Tamil Nadu in the domestic tournaments.

She is from Salem, Tamil Nadu. She also plays Beach Volleyball.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=http://bvbinfo.com/player.asp?ID=19125 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=bvbinfo.com}}</ref>

== Career ==
In June 2025, she was part of the Indian women's volleyball team that played the 2025 AVC Women's Nations Cup in [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-05 |title=Indian Women's Volleyball Squad 2025 Unveiled |url=https://jeetwinsports.in/other-sports/volley-ball/anusree-leads-the-indian-womens-volleyball-team-for-avc-2025-national-cup-indian-squad-and-fixture-revealed/ |access-date=2026-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> She represented India,in the [[2022 Asian Games]] that were played from 23 September to 8 October 2023 at [[Hangzhou]], China.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2023-09-18 |title=Hangzhou 2022 Asian Games: India Volleyball squad, team news, previous performance |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/asian-games/asian-games-2023-hangzhou-2022-india-volleyball-men-women-squad-previous-performance-team-news/article67269436.ece |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=V |first=Netra |date=2023-09-18 |title=Asian Games: India looking to end volleyball medal drought |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/volleyball/asian-games-india-volleyball-preview-men-women-team-medal-chances-schedule-squads-hangzhou-2023/article67311190.ece |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, she played the AVC Central Zone Championship and the AVC Nations Cup 2023. In 2024, again she played both the tournaments, AVC Central Zone Championship and AVC Nations Cup.<ref name=":0">https://women.volleybox.net/shaalini-saravanan-p48427/indoor_tournaments</ref> In 2024, she was part of the Indian team that won the inaugural [[CAVA Women's Volleyball Nations League]] where she was adjudged as joint 'Best Outside Hitter'.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Preechachan |date=2024-08-08 |title=INDIA CROWNED CAVA WOMEN'S NATIONS LEAGUE CHAMPIONS |url=https://asianvolleyball.net/new/india-crowned-cava-womens-nations-league-champions/ |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=Asian Volleyball Confederation |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2018, she made her Junior India debut at the Asian U19 Championship.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saravanan, Shaalini}}
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Volleyball players from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Outside hitters]]
[[Category:People from Salem, Tamil Nadu]]

Lalon

2026-03-21T06:25:14Z

RonaldKign: updated citations for accuracy and updated info

{{Short description|Bengali spiritual leader and philosopher (1772–1890)}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lalon Shah Fakir
| native_name = ফকির লালন শাহ/সাঁই
| native_name_lang = bn
| honorific_prefix = [[Fakir]]
| honorific_suffix = Shah, Sai
| image = Fakir Lalon Shah.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Portrait by [[Jyotirindranath Tagore]] (1884)
| birth_date = {{birth date text|1772}}
| birth_place = [[Jhenaidah District]], [[Bengal Subah]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1890|10|17|1772|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kushtia]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| resting_place = [[Mausoleum of Lalon Shah]], [[Kumarkhali Upazila|Kumarkhali]], Kushtia District, [[Khulna Division|Khulna]], Bangladesh
| occupation = {{hlist|Spiritual leader|Philosopher|Mystic poet|Social reformer}}
| spouse =
}}
'''Lalon''' ({{langx|bn|লালন}}; 1772 – 17 October 1890),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Basantakumar Pal |first1=Sri |editor-last1=Chowdhury |editor-first1=Abul Ahasan |title=Mahātmā Lālana Phakira |date=2012 |publisher=Gāṅacila |location=Kalakātā |isbn=9789381346280 |edition=1. Bhāratīẏa saṃskaraṇa. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ojRkMwEACAAJ |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> also known as '''Lalon Shah''', '''Lalon Fakir''' and '''Shahji''', was a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] spiritual leader, philosopher, mystic poet and social reformer. Born in what is now [[Khulna Division]] in [[Bangladesh]], Lalon is regarded as an icon of [[Culture of Bengal|Bengali culture]], as he inspired and influenced many philosophers, poets and social thinkers including [[Rabindranath Tagore]],<ref name="Choudhury 1992,p. 59">{{cite book |last1=Caudhurī |first1=Ābadula Āhasāna |title=Lālana Śāha, 1774 – 1890 |date=1992 |publisher=Bāṃlā Ekāḍemī |location=Ḍhākā |isbn=978-9840725977 |edition=1. punarmudraṇa. |oclc=246442470}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Urban |first1=Hugh B. |title=Songs of ecstasy tantric and devotional songs from colonial Bengal |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-19-513901-3 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivG6mAEACAAJ |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Tagore |first1=Rabindranath |last2=K. Stewart |first2=Tony (Translation) |last3=Twichell |first3=Chase (Translation) |title=The lover of God |date=2003 |publisher=Consortium Book Sales & Dist. |location=Port Townsend, Wash. |isbn=978-1556591969 |page=94 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UrZjAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hossain |first1=Abu Ishahaq |title=Lalon Shah, the great poet |date=2009 |publisher=Palal Prokashoni |location=Dhaka |isbn=978-9846030679 |page=148 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=avyppwAACAAJ |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> and [[Allen Ginsberg]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ginsberg |first1=Allen |last2=Foley |first2=Jack |date=Winter–Spring 1998 |title=Same Multiple Identity: An Interview with Allen Ginsberg |journal=Discourse |volume=20 |issue=1/2, The Silent Beat |pages=158–181 |issn=1522-5321 |jstor=41389881}}</ref> Lalon's philosophy of humanity rejects all distinctions of [[Caste system in India|caste]], class, and creed and takes a stand against theological conflicts and racism. It denies all worldly affairs in search of the soul and embodied the socially transformative role of sub-continental [[Sufism]] and [[Bhakti]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Wakil |last2=Karim |first2=Anwarul |year=2012 |chapter=Lalon Shah |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Lalon_Shah |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>

Lalon founded the institute known as Lalon Akhra in Cheuriya, about {{convert|2|km}} from [[Kushtia]] railway station in southwestern Bangladesh. His disciples dwell mostly in [[Bangladesh]] and [[Indian state]]s of [[West Bengal]], [[Tripura]] and [[Assam]]’s [[Barak Valley]]. Every year on the occasion of his death anniversary, thousands of his disciples and followers assemble at Lalon Akhra and pay homage to him through celebration and discussion of his songs and philosophy for three days.<ref name=":0"/>

In 2004, Lalon was ranked 12 in [[BBC]]'s poll of the [[Greatest Bengali of all time]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3623345.stm |title=Listeners name 'greatest Bengali' |date=14 April 2004 |access-date=11 January 2018 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm |title=The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 4 Num 313 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=11 January 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011711/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041703001700.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011708/https://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041703001700.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 December 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=International : Mujib, Tagore, Bose among 'greatest Bengalis of all time' |date=17 April 2004 |access-date=11 January 2018}}</ref>

==Biography==
{{Quote box
| quote = Everyone wonders, "What religion does Lalon belong to in this world?" 
Lalon says, "What does religion look like? 
I've never seen the true color of religion." 
Some wear beads as necklace (Hindu rosaries), 
others count beads as Tasbih (Muslim rosaries), 
and so people say 
they belong to a different religion. 
But do you bear the sign of your religion 
when you come (to this world) or when you leave (this world)?
| source = — Lalon<ref name="Baul Songs">{{cite book |last=Lopez |first=Donald |title=Religions in India in Practice - "Baul Songs" |year=1995 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=978-0-691-04324-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/religionsofindia00dona/page/187 187–208] |url=https://archive.org/details/religionsofindia00dona/page/187 |df=dmy-all |url-access=registration}}</ref>
| align = left
| width = 30%
| fontsize = 100%
| quoted = 1
}}
[[File:Lalon Alias Bhola Shah Signature.jpg|thumbnail|Lalon's name as written, in a late 19th-century manuscript, by his disciple and scribe Bholai Shah, in unconventional [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali orthography]]]]
There are few reliable sources for the details of Lalon's early life as he was reticent in revealing his past.<ref name="Choudhury 1992,p. 59" /> Based on the newspapers and essays of the time, Lalon was born in Bharara village in [[Kushtia District]] in a low-caste Hindu family. Lalon had no formal education.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |last=Tamanna Khan |date=29 October 2010 |title=Lalon Purity vs Popularity |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2010/10/05/cover.htm |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |access-date=1 July 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074038/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2010/10/05/cover.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Uwe Skoda places his birth to [[Jhenaidah]], [[Bengal Subah]].<ref name="SkodaLettmann2017">{{cite book |author1=Uwe Skoda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xtBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT165 |title=India and Its Visual Cultures: Community, Class and Gender in a Symbolic Landscape |author2=Birgit Lettmann |date=30 October 2017 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-93-86446-69-5 |pages=165–}}</ref>

[[Sunil Gangopadhyay]] related in his book "Moner Manush" that Lalon, during a pilgrimage to the temple of [[Jagannath]] with others of his native village, contracted [[smallpox]] and was abandoned by his companions on the banks of the [[Kaliganga River]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Capwell |first=Charles |date=May 1988 |title=The popular expression of religious syncretism: the Bauls of Bengal as Apostles of Brotherhood |journal=Popular Music |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=123–132 |doi=10.1017/S0261143000002701|s2cid=162424600 }}</ref> Malam Shah and his wife Matijan, members of the weaver community in a Muslim-populated village, Cheuriya, found him faint and took him to their home to convalesce. While he was growing up, he found his mentor Siraj Sain, a [[Baul|Baul saint]] of that village.

Lalon lived within the [[zamindar]]i of the [[Tagore family|Tagores]] in [[Kushtia]] and had visited the Tagore family.<ref>{{cite book |last=Banerji |first=Debashish |date=2015 |chapter=Tagore Through Portraits: An Intersubjective Picture Gallery |editor-last=Banerji |editor-first=Debashish |title=Rabindranath Tagore in the 21st Century |series=Sophia Studies in Cross-cultural Philosophy of Traditions and Cultures |volume=7 |publisher=Springer India |pages=243–264 |doi=10.1007/978-81-322-2038-1_17 |isbn=978-81-322-2037-4}}</ref> It is said that zamindar [[Jyotirindranath Tagore]] sketched the only portrait of Lalon in 1889 in his houseboat on the [[Padma River|river Padma]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fakir Lalon Shai ... 120 years on |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=158601 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |access-date=30 June 2015 |archive-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701015513/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=158601 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview: Bengali Film Actor Priyangshu Chatterjee |url=http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/93345911-interview-bengali-film-actor-priyangshu-chatterjee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924050711/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/93345911-interview-bengali-film-actor-priyangshu-chatterjee |url-status=usurped |archive-date=24 September 2011 |website=Washington Bangla Radio USA |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> Lalon died at Chheuriya on 17 October 1890 aged 118. The news of his death was first published in the newspaper ''[[Gram Barta Prokashika]]'', run by Kangal Harinath.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fakir Lalon Shai …123 years on |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/fakir-lalon-shai-123-years-on/ |access-date=30 June 2015 |archive-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701032616/http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/fakir-lalon-shai-123-years-on/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lalon was buried at the middle of his dwelling place known as his Akhra.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lalon memorial festival begins in Kushtia today |url=http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/2015/03/04/83498/print |newspaper=The Financial Express |location=Dhaka |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> Researchers note that Lalon was a close friend of [[Kangal Harinath]], one of the contemporary social reformers and a disciple of Lalon.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lorea |first=Carola Erika |date=2013 |title='Playing the Football of Love on the Field of the Body': The Contemporary Repertoire of Baul Songs |journal=Religion and the Arts |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=416–451 |issn=1568-5292 |doi=10.1163/15685292-12341286}}</ref>

==Philosophy==
{{Quote box
| quote = How does the Unknown bird go, 
into the cage and out again, 
Could I but seize it, 
I would put the fetters of my heart, 
around its feet. 
The cage has eight rooms and nine closed doors; 
From time to time fire flares out;. 
Above there is a main room, 
The mirror-chamber
| source = — Lalon's song translated by Brother James
| align = right
| width = 20%
| fontsize = 85%
| quoted = 1
}}
Lalon was against religious conflict and many of his songs mock identity politics that divide communities and generate violence.<ref>{{cite book |last1=L. Parshall |first1=Philip |title=Bridges to Islam A Christian Perspective on Folk Islam. |date=10 April 2007 |publisher=InterVarsity Press |isbn=978-0830856152 |page=89 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAANsDJl2P8C |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> He even rejected nationalism at the apex of the anti-colonial nationalist movements in the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Muthukumaraswamy |editor-first1=M.D. |editor-last2=Kaushal |editor-first2=Molly |title=Folklore, public sphere, and civil society |date=1 January 2004 |publisher=[[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]] |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-8190148146 |page=161 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xsrgg1Mel8UC |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> He did not believe in classes or [[caste]]s, the fragmented, hierarchical society and took a stand against racism.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g6C5mVM08IoC |title=Food sovereignty and uncultivated biodiversity in South Asia essays on the poverty and the wealth of the social landscape |last1=Mazhar |first1=Farhad |last2=Buckles |first2=Daniel |date=1 January 2007 |publisher=Academic Foundation in association with International Development Research Centre |isbn=978-8171886142 |location=New Delhi |page=69 |author-link=Farhad Mazhar |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> Lalon does not fit the conventional “[[mystical]]” or “spiritual” archetype who renounces worldly life in search of the soul; rather, he embodies the socially transformative spirit of subcontinental [[Bhakti]] and [[Sufism]]. He believed in the power of music to alter the intellectual and emotional state in order to be able to understand and appreciate life itself.

The texts of his songs engage in philosophical discourses of Bengal, continuing Tantric traditions of the Indian subcontinent, particularly [[Nepal]], Bengal and the [[Gangetic plains]]. He appropriated various philosophical positions emanating from [[Hindu]], [[Jainism|Jainist]], [[Buddhist]] and [[Islamic]] traditions, developing them into a coherent discourse without falling into eclecticism or syncretism. He explicitly identified himself with the Nadiya school, with [[Advaita Acharya]], [[Nityananda]] and [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Chaitanya]]. He was greatly influenced by the social movement initiated by Chaitanya against differences of caste, creed and religion. His songs reject any absolute standard of right and wrong and show the triviality of any attempt to divide people whether materially or spiritually.

==Works==
Lalon composed numerous songs and poems, which describe his philosophy. It is estimated that Lalon composed about 2,000–10,000 songs, of which only about 800 songs are generally considered authentic.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh |last=Rahman |first=Syedur |publisher=Scarecrow Press |date=27 April 2010 |isbn=978-0810874534 |pages=179 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJfcCPUr0OoC}}</ref> Lalon left no written copies of his songs, which were transmitted orally and only later transcribed by his followers. Also, most of his followers could not read or write either, so few of his songs are found in written form.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lalon |editor-last1=Āhamada |editor-first1=Oẏākila |title=Lālana gīti samagra |date=2002 |publisher=Baipatra |location=Ḍhākā |isbn=9789848116463 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0-skAAAACAAJ |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> [[Rabindranath Tagore]] published some of the Lalon song in the monthly ''[[Prabasi]]'' magazine of Kolkata.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tofayell |first=Z. A. |date=1968 |title=Lalon Shah and lyrics of the Padma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzswAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Ziaunnahar |location=Dacca |page=144 |oclc=569538154 |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref>

Among his most popular songs are:
* ''Shob Loke Koy Lalon Ki Jat Shongshare'',
* ''Khachar Bhitor Ochin Pakhi kyamne ashe jaay'',
* ''Jat Gelo Jat Gelo Bole'',
* ''Dekhna Mon Jhokmariay Duniyadari'',
* ''Pare Loye Jao Amai'',
* ''Milon Hobe Koto Dine'',
* ''Ar Amare Marishne Ma'',
* ''Tin Pagoler Holo Mela''
* ''Dhonno Dhonno Boli Tare''
* ''Emon Manob Jonom Aar Ki Hobe''

The songs of Lalon aim at an indescribable reality beyond [[Realism (arts)|realism]]. He was observant of social conditions and his songs spoke of day-to-day problems in simple yet moving language. His philosophy was expressed orally, as well as through songs and musical compositions using folk instruments that could be made from materials available at home; the [[ektara]] (one-string musical instrument) and the [[duggi (drum)]].

Songs of Lalon were mainly confined to the baul sects. After the independence of Bangladesh, they reached the urban people through established singers. Many of them started using instruments other than the [[ektara]] and [[Timpani|baya]]. Some started using classical bases for a polished presentation to appeal to the senses of the urban masses.

According to [[Farida Parveen]], a renowned Lalon singer, the pronunciation of the words were also refined in order to make their meanings clearer, whereas the bauls' pronunciations are likely to have local influence.<ref name=":2" />

==Legacy and depictions in popular culture==
[[Image:Lalon's Shrine Bangladesh (2).JPG|thumb|Tomb of Lalon]]
[[File:Lalon's Shrine Bangladesh (11).JPG|thumb|Disciples practicing Lalon's song at his Akhra]]
In 1963, a [[Mausoleum of Lalon Shah|mausoleum]] and research centre were built at the site of his shrine in [[Kushtia]], Bangladesh. Thousands of people come to the shrine (known in Bengali as an ''Akhra'') twice a year, at [[Dol Purnima]] in the month of [[Falgun]] (February to March) and in October, on the occasion of the anniversary of his death. During these three-day song [[mela]]s, people, particularly Muslim [[fakir]]s and Bauls pay tribute. Among the modern singers of Baul music [[Farida Parveen]] and [[Anusheh Anadil]] are internationally known for singing Lalon songs. M Shahinoor Rahman's thesis ''Bengali poet Fakir Lalon Shah: Oral poetry and tradition in the social context of contemporary Bangladesh'' on his life philosophy is one of the basic work.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Amt |first1=Chowdhury |last2=Supratim |date=2021-10-02 |title=A Comparative Study to Identify the Impact of Fakir Lalon Shah's Ideology in Modern Vision Management Concept of the Organisation |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3934797 |journal=[[Social Science Research Network]] |language=en |location=Rochester, NY |pages=21 page |ssrn=3934797 |issn=2770-0003}}</ref>

The [[Lalon Shah Bridge]] crossing the [[Padma River]] was named after him in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lalon Shah Bridge|url=http://structurae.net/en/structures/lalon-shah-bridge|work=Structurae|date=22 July 2014|accessdate=16 September 2021}}</ref>

A male student's dormitory in [[Islamic University, Bangladesh]] at Kushtia is named after him as Lalon Shah Hall.<ref>{{cite web |title=Islamic University Bangladesh Official Website|url=https://www.iu.ac.bd/index.php/site/hall_dtls/300/38/MzAw|access-date=16 September 2021}}</ref>

===Film and literature===
Lalon has been portrayed in literature, film, television drama and in the theatre. The first [[biopic]] of Lalon titled ''Lalon Fakir'' (1973) was directed by Syed Hasan Imam.<ref>{{cite web |title=Feature Film |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Film,_Feature |website=Banglapedia - the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |publisher=Asiatic Society, Dhaka |access-date=17 November 2016}}</ref> ''Lalan Fakir'', an Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[Biographical-drama|biographical drama film]] directed by Shakti Chatterjee released in 1978 and starred Ashim Kumar as Lalon.<ref>{{Citation |title=Lalan Fakir |url=https://erosnow.com/movie/watch/1059348/lalan-fakir |work=[[Eros Now]] |language=en |access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref> [[Allen Ginsberg]] wrote a poem in 1992 named "''After Lalon''", where he warned people against the dangers of fame and the attachments to the worldly things.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Raskin |first1=Jonah |title=American Scream Allen Ginsberg's Howl and the Making of the Beat Generation. |date=7 April 2004 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=978-0520939349 |page=[https://archive.org/details/americanscreamal0000rask/page/208 208] |url=https://archive.org/details/americanscreamal0000rask |url-access=registration |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref>

In 2004, [[Tanvir Mokammel]] directed the film ''[[Lalon (film)|Lalon]]'' in which [[Raisul Islam Asad]] portrayed Lalon.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tanvir Mokammel films screened in Morocco |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=95576 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |access-date=30 June 2015 |archive-date=30 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630205751/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=95576 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] portrayed Lalan in the ''[[Moner Manush]]'', a 2010 Bengali film based on the life and philosophy of Lalon.<ref>{{cite news |last=Acharya |first=Anindita |date=3 March 2015 |title=Prosenjit Chatterjee starts an Indo-Bangladesh production |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/prosenjit-chatterjee-starts-an-indo-bangladesh-production/article1-1322554.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306074909/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/prosenjit-chatterjee-starts-an-indo-bangladesh-production/article1-1322554.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 March 2015 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> The film was an adaptation of [[Sunil Gangopadhyay]]'s [[biographical novel]] of the same name. This film directed by [[Goutam Ghose]], won award for the "best feature film on national integration" at the 58th [[Indian National Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Moner Manush receives Indian National Film Award |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=201640 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=9 September 2011 |access-date=30 June 2015 |archive-date=30 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630202926/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=201640 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It also won Best Film prize at the 41st [[International Film Festival of India]] held at Goa from 22 Nov to 2 December 2010.<ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Shalini |date=2 December 2010 |title=''Moner Manush'' shines at IFFI |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/moner-manush-shines-at-iffi/story-AxQ3MDDv045VTu0LBXh2yM.html |newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]] |access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
Image:Lalon Mazar, Kushtia, Bangladesh.JPG|Tomb of Lalon, [[Kushtia District]]
Image:Lalon Mazar by Saef 5.jpg|Lalon's disciples' grave
Image:Lalon Mazar by Saef 9.jpg|Gate of the shrine of Lalon
"Shainjir Ektara" a sculpture depicting Saint Lalon Shah.jpg|"Shainjir Ektara" a sculpture depicting Saint Lalon Shah
A sculpture of Saint Lalon Shah.jpg|A sculpture of Lalon Shah at [[Kushtia]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Music of Bengal]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Salomon, Carol (2017) ''City of Mirrors: Songs of Lālan Sā̃i''. Edited by Keith Cantú and Saymon Zakaria. Oxford University Press, South Asia Research Series, New York.
* Muhammad Enamul Haq (1975), ''A History of Sufism in Bangla'', Asiatic Society, Dhaka.
* Qureshi, Mahmud Shah (1977), ''Poèmes Mystiques Bengalis''. Chants Bauls Unesco. Paris.
* Siddiqi, Ashraf (1977), ''Our Folklore Our Heritage'', Dhaka.
* Karim, Anwarul (1980), ''The Bauls of Bangladesh''. Lalon Academy, Kushtia.
* Capwell, Charles (1986), ''The Music of the Bauls of Bengal''. Kent State University Press, USA 1986.
* Bandyopadhyay, Pranab (1989), ''Bauls of Bengal''. Firma KLM Pvt, Ltd., calcutta.
* Mcdaniel, June (1989), ''The Madness of the Saints''. Chicago.
* Sarkar, R. M. (1990), ''Bauls of Bengal''. New Delhi.
* Brahma, Tripti (1990), ''Lalon : His Melodies''. Calcutta.
* Gupta, Samir Das (2000), ''Songs of Lalon''. Sahitya Prakash, Dhaka.
* Karim, Anwarul (2001), ''Rabindranath O Banglar Baul'' (in Bengali), Dhaka.
* [[Abul Ahsan Chowdhury|Choudhury, Abul Ahsan]] (editor) (2008), ''Lalon Samagra'', Pathak Samabesh.

==External links==
{{commons category|Lalon}}
* [http://www.lalongeeti.com Lalon Geeti]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lalon}}
[[Category:1772 births]]
[[Category:1890 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali musicians]]
[[Category:Bengali male poets]]
[[Category:Bengali philosophers]]
[[Category:Bengali nationalists]]
[[Category:Bhakti movement]]
[[Category:Culture of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:People from Kumarkhali Upazila]]
[[Category:Writers from Kushtia District]]
[[Category:Musicians from Kushtia District]]

2024 Super League Kerala

2026-03-16T06:51:23Z

RonaldKign: adding new pg and citations

{{Short description|1st season of the Super League Kerala}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[Super League Kerala]]
| season = [[2024–25 in Indian football|2024–25]]
| dates = 7 September – 10 November
| winners = [[Calicut FC|Calicut]]
| matches = 32
| total goals = 81
| league topscorer = [[Dori (footballer)|Dori]] (5 goals)
| best goalkeeper =
| biggest home win = [[Kannur Warriors FC|Kannur Warriors]] 4–3 [[Malappuram FC|Malappuram]] (27 October 2024)
| biggest away win = [[Thiruvananthapuram Kombans FC|Thiruvananthapuram Kombans]] 1–4 [[Calicut FC|Calicut]] (6 October 2024)
| highest scoring = [[Kannur Warriors FC|Kannur Warriors]] 4–3 [[Malappuram FC|Malappuram]] (27 October 2024)
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten = [[Calicut FC|Calicut]] (8 matches)
| longest winless = [[Thrissur Magic FC|Thrissur Magic]] (8 matches)
| longest losses =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| attendance =
| average attendance =
| nextseason = [[2025 Super League Kerala|2025]]
| updated =
}}

The '''2024 [[Mahindra & Mahindra|Mahindra]] Super League Kerala''' was the inaugural season of the [[Super League Kerala]], a men's professional franchise [[association football|football]] league in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is organised by the [[Kerala Football Association]] and Scoreline Sports. It features 6 clubs and holds matches at four venues across Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala Super League launched |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/football/2023/04/05/kerala-super-league-launched.html |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=onmanorama.com |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714115029/https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/football/2023/04/05/kerala-super-league-launched.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=12 May 2024 |title=Super League Kerala: Franchisees of inaugural edition announced |work=Deccan Herald |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/football/super-league-kerala-franchisees-of-inaugural-edition-announced-3019242 |accessdate=28 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=10 May 2024 |title=Mahesh Bhupathi, Travancore princess and former Benfica player among franchise owners in Super League Kerala |work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/mahesh-bhupathi-travancore-princess-and-former-benfica-player-among-franchise-owners-in-super-league-kerala/article68162173.ece |accessdate=28 June 2024}}</ref> The inaugural season kicked off on September 7, 2024.

==Teams==
{{Location map+|Kerala
|float=right|width=300
|caption=Locations of the SLK franchises
|places=
{{Location map~ |Kerala |lat=11.0645 |long=76.0656 |label_size=90 |label={{nowrap|[[Malappuram FC|Malappuram]]}} |position=right}}


{{Location map~ |Kerala |lat=11.2588 |long=75.7804 |label_size=90 |label={{nowrap|[[Calicut FC|Calicut]]}} |position=left}}


{{Location map~ |Kerala |lat=8.5241 |long=76.9366 |label_size=90 |label={{nowrap|[[Thiruvananthapuram Kombans FC|Thiruvananthapuram Kombans]]}} |position=left}}


{{Location map~ |Kerala |lat=10.5276 |long=76.2144 |label_size=90 |label={{nowrap|[[Thrissur Magic FC|Thrissur Magic]]}} |position=left}}


{{Location map~ |Kerala |lat=11.8745 |long=75.3704 |label_size=90 |label={{nowrap|[[Kannur Warriors FC|Kannur Warriors]]}} |position=right}}


{{Location map~ |Kerala |lat=9.9312 |long=76.2673 |label_size=90 |label={{nowrap|[[Forca Kochi FC|Forca Kochi]]}} |position=left}}}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Team
!City
!Stadium
!Capacity
|-
|[[Calicut FC|Calicut]]
|[[Kozhikode]]
|[[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|EMS Corporation Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|50,000}}
|-
|[[Forca Kochi FC|Forca Kochi]]
|[[Kochi]]
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|41,000}}
|-
|[[Kannur Warriors FC|Kannur Warriors]]
|[[Kannur]]
|[[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|EMS Corporation Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| 50,000
|-
|[[Malappuram FC|Malappuram]]
|[[Malappuram]]
|[[Malappuram District Sports Complex Stadium|Payyanad Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|30,000}}
|-
|[[Thiruvananthapuram Kombans FC|Thiruvananthapuram Kombans]]
|[[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|[[Chandrasekharan Nair Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|25,000}}
|-
|[[Thrissur Magic FC|Thrissur Magic]]
|[[Thrissur]]
|[[Malappuram District Sports Complex Stadium|Payyanad Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|30,000}}
|-
|}

==Personnel and sponsorship==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|-
!Club
!Head coach
!Captain
!Kit manufacturer
!Shirt sponsor
|-
|[[Calicut FC|Calicut]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ian Gillan (football coach)|Ian Gillan]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-18 |title=Gillan to coach Calicut FC in Super League Kerala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/gillan-to-coach-calicut-fc-in-super-league-kerala/articleshow/111843690.cms |access-date=2024-08-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jijo Joseph]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Hyve Sports
|[[Aster DM Healthcare|Aster ]]
|-
|[[Forca Kochi FC|Forca Kochi]]
|{{flagicon|POR}} [[Mário Lemos]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhasish Roy Chowdhury]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Synder
|Steelex TMT
|-
|[[Kannur Warriors FC|Kannur Warriors]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Manolo Sánchez (footballer, born 1976)|Manuel Sánchez Murias]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Adrián Sardinero]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Kaizen Sports
|[[United Imaging]]
|-
|[[Malappuram FC|Malappuram]]
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[John Gregory (footballer)|John Gregory]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anas Edathodika]]
|{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Hummel International|Hummel]]
|[[:ml:ഇംപെക്‌സ്|Impex]]
|-
|[[Thiruvananthapuram Kombans FC|Thiruvananthapuram Kombans]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} Sérgio Alexandre
|{{flagicon|BRA}} Patrick Mota
|{{flagicon|IND}} Hyve Sports
|[[Adani Group|Adani]]
|-
|[[Thrissur Magic FC|Thrissur Magic]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Giovanni Scanu]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[C. K. Vineeth]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} SIFA
|[[Magic Frames]]
|-
|}

==Foreign players==
The [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]] allows clubs to register a maximum of six foreign players. A maximum of four can be fielded in a match at a time.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
!Club
!Player 1
!Player 2
!Player 3
!Player 4
!Player 5
!Player 6
!Former Players
|-
|[[Calicut FC|Calicut]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[John Kennedy (footballer, born 2000)|John Kennedy]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Resende (footballer)|Rafael Resende ]]
|{{flagicon|CMR}} Andres Nia
|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Ernest Barfo]]
|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Richard Osei Agyemang|Richard Osei]]
|{{flagicon|HAI}} [[Kervens Belfort]]
|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[James Kotei]] {{flagicon|SEN}} [[Papé Diakité]]
|-
|[[Forca Kochi FC|Forca Kochi]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Raphael Augusto]]
|{{flagicon|TUN}} Dziri Omran
|{{flagicon|TUN}} Mohamed Nidhal Said
|{{flagicon|RSA}} Siyanda Ngubo
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Dori (footballer)|Dori]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|-
|[[Kannur Warriors FC|Kannur Warriors]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Adrián Sardinero]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Asier Gomes]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[David Grande]]
|{{flagicon|CMR}} Ernesten Lavsamba
|{{flagicon|ESP}} Eloy Ordóñez
|{{flagicon|ESP}} Varo Álvarez
|{{N/a}}
|-
|[[Malappuram FC|Malappuram]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Sérgio Barboza]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Joseba Beitia]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Aitor Aldalur]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Rubén Garcés (footballer)|Rubén Garcés]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Álex Sánchez (footballer, born 1989)|Álex Sánchez]]
|{{flagicon|URU}} [[Pedro Manzi]]
|{{N/a}}
|-
|[[Thiruvananthapuram Kombans FC|Thiruvananthapuram Kombans]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} Patrick Mota
|{{flagicon|BRA}} Davi Kuhn
|{{flagicon|BRA}} Marcos Wilder
|{{flagicon|BRA}} Renan Januario
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Michel (footballer, born 2002)|Michel]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} Pemaza
|{{N/a}}
|-
|[[Thrissur Magic FC|Thrissur Magic]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Maílson Alves]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Marcelo Toscano]]
| {{flagicon|CMR}} Atimele A. Beleck
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|-
|}

==League table==
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source = [https://www.superleaguekerala.com/standings Super League Kerala]
|show_groups=no


|team_order=CAL,FKO,KAN,TKO,MAL,THR

|update = complete
|win_KAN=4 |draw_KAN=4 |loss_KAN=2 |gf_KAN=16 |ga_KAN=15|status_KAN= 
|win_CAL=5 |draw_CAL=4 |loss_CAL=1 |gf_CAL=18 |ga_CAL=9 |status_CAL= 
|win_FKO=4 |draw_FKO=4 |loss_FKO=2 |gf_FKO=10 |ga_FKO=8 |status_FKO= 
|win_MAL=2 |draw_MAL=4 |loss_MAL=4 |gf_MAL=13 |ga_MAL=14|status_MAL= 
|win_TKO=3 |draw_TKO=4 |loss_TKO=3 |gf_TKO=14 |ga_TKO=15|status_TKO= 
|win_THR=1 |draw_THR=2 |loss_THR=7 |gf_THR=5 |ga_THR=15 |status_THR= 


|result1=PO |result2=PO
|result3=PO |result4=PO


|name_CAL=[[Calicut FC|Calicut]]
|name_FKO=[[Forca Kochi FC|Forca Kochi]]
|name_KAN=[[Kannur Warriors FC|Kannur Warriors]]
|name_MAL=[[Malappuram FC|Malappuram]]
|name_TKO=[[Thiruvananthapuram Kombans FC|Thiruvananthapuram Kombans]]
|name_THR=[[Thrissur Magic FC|Thrissur Magic]]


|status_text_W= Super League Kerala Cup winners


|show_limit=5


|res_col_header=Q
|col_PO=green1 |text_PO=Advance to [[#Playoffs|Playoffs]]
}}</onlyinclude>

==Results==
{{#invoke:sports results|main
|source = [https://www.superleaguekerala.com/standings Super League Kerala]
|update = complete
|matches_style = FBR
|team1=CAL |team2=FKO |team3=KAN |team4=MAL |team5=TKO |team6=THR


|name_CAL=[[Calicut FC|Calicut]]
|name_FKO=[[Forca Kochi FC|Forca Kochi]]
|name_KAN=[[Kannur Warriors FC|Kannur Warriors]]
|name_MAL=[[Malappuram FC|Malappuram]]
|name_TKO=[[Thiruvananthapuram Kombans FC|Thiruvananthapuram Kombans]]
|name_THR=[[Thrissur Magic FC|Thrissur Magic]]


|match_CAL_FKO= 1-1
|match_CAL_KAN= 1-1
|match_CAL_MAL= 2-1
|match_CAL_TKO= 1-1
|match_CAL_THR= 2-2

|match_FKO_CAL= 0-1
|match_FKO_KAN= 1-1
|match_FKO_MAL= 0–2
|match_FKO_TKO= 2–1
|match_FKO_THR= 1-0

|match_KAN_CAL= 1-3
|match_KAN_FKO= 1-1
|match_KAN_MAL= 4-3
|match_KAN_TKO= 1-2
|match_KAN_THR= 2-1

|match_MAL_CAL= 0-3
|match_MAL_FKO= 0-0
|match_MAL_KAN= 1-2
|match_MAL_TKO= 2-2
|match_MAL_THR= 0-0

|match_TKO_CAL= 1-4
|match_TKO_FKO= 1-3
|match_TKO_KAN= 1-1
|match_TKO_MAL= 1-1
|match_TKO_THR= 2-0

|match_THR_CAL= 1-0
|match_THR_FKO= 0-1
|match_THR_KAN= 1-2
|match_THR_MAL= 0-3
|match_THR_TKO= 0-2
}}

==Playoffs==
The top four clubs will qualify for the semi-finals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=superleaguekerala.com |first= |title=Standings |url=https://www.superleaguekerala.com/standings}}</ref>
{{#invoke:RoundN|N4
|columns=2|bold_winner=high
|RD1=[[#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]
|RD2=[[#Final|Final]]
|5 November – [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|Kozhikode]]
|[[Calicut FC|Calicut]]|2|{{nowrap|[[Thiruvananthapuram Kombans FC|Thiruvananthapuram Kombans]]}}|1
|6 November – [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|Kozhikode]]
|[[Forca Kochi FC|Forca Kochi]]|2|[[Kannur Warriors FC|Kannur Warriors]]|0
|10 November – [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|Kozhikode]]
|[[Calicut FC|Calicut]]|2|[[Forca Kochi FC|Forca Kochi]]|1
}}

==Season statistics==
===Scoring===
*'''First goal of the season:''' {{flagicon|URU}} [[Pedro Manzi]] for Malappuram against Forca Kochi (7 September 2024)

===Top goalscorers===
{{updated|1 November 2024}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Goals
|-
|rowspan="1" align="left"|1
|align="left"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Dori (footballer)|Dori]]
|align="left"|Forca Kochi
|rowspan="1" align="left"|5
|-
|rowspan="5" align="left"|2
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Adrián Sardinero]]
|align="left"|Kannur Warriors
|rowspan="5" align="left"|4
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|BRA}} Pemaza
|align="left"|Thiruvananthapuram Kombans
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|HAI}} [[Kervens Belfort]]
|align="left"|Calicut
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|URU}} [[Pedro Manzi]]
|align="left"|Malappuram
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gani Nigam]]
|align="left"|Calicut
|-
|rowspan="4" align="left"|7
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Álex Sánchez (footballer, born 1989)|Álex Sánchez]]
|align="left"|Malappuram
|rowspan="4" align="left"|3
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} Faslu Rahman
|align="left"|Malappuram
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[David Grande]]
|align="left"|Kannur Warriors
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} Muhammed Riyas
|align="left"|Calicut
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Super League Kerala}}
{{2024–25 in Indian football}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2024 Super League Kerala}}
[[Category:Super League Kerala seasons]]
[[Category:2024–25 in Indian football leagues]]

Kairana and Kandhla migration controversy

2026-03-15T18:32:28Z

RonaldKign: started new stub!

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}

'''Kairana and [[Kandhla]] migration row''' (also known as '''Kairana Hindu exodus''') refers to persecution and mass migration of Hindu families from [[Kairana]] and [[Kandhla]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] during the period 2014–16. Media sources have stated that the migration was due to threats of extortion from a Muslim Extremist Mukim Kala, described as a "gangster." NHRC reports and accounts of several eyewitnesses also states that the Muslims (which are in majority in this area) in Kairana town pass lewd/taunting remarks against Hindu females and due to this, they avoid going outside frequently.

The [[National Human Rights Commission]] issued a notice to the Uttar Pradesh government regarding the migration from [[Kairana]].<ref name="IT">{{cite news|title=In Akhilesh Yadav's Uttar Pradesh, mobster forces Hindu exodus|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/in-akhilesh-yadavs-uttam-pradesh-mobster-forces-hindu-exodus-13679-2016-06-11|access-date=17 June 2016|work=[[India Today]]|date=12 June 2016}}</ref> [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] politician [[Hukum Singh]] released a list of 346 Hindu families which had migrated from Kairana. On 14 June, he released another list, this time containing the names of migrant families from Kandhla. Both these list and the subsequent response have received extensive media coverage and were expected to play a key role in the [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].

==Demographics==
Kairana currently has about 1.6 million voters, 33% out of which are Muslims, and rest Hindus and Other religion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kairana-bypoll-economic-distress-need-for-social-harmony-shape-new-political-alliance/story-I1tIVxPyvHsFEqfM2sCkJP.html|title=Kairana bypoll: In battle of 'honour', yearning for social peace shapes political realignment|date=2018-05-24|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-06-01|language=en}}</ref>

==Release of lists==

* On 8 June 2016, [[Hukum Singh]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] from [[Kairana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kairana]], released a list of 346 Hindu families that had migrated from the town. He claimed that more than a thousand families had migrated from the whole district, extortionists had killed 11 people and Kairana had become a "new [[Kashmir]]".<ref name="TOI8June">{{cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Pankul|title=BJP MP gives list of 346 families who left Kairana to support his 'exodus' claim|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/BJP-MP-gives-list-of-346-families-who-left-Kairana-to-support-his-exodus-claim/articleshow/52661242.cms|accessdate=17 June 2016|date=8 June 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|location=[[Meerut]]}}</ref>
* On 14 June 2016
** He said that the issue was not "communal". He released another list of 63 Hindu families who had migrated from the nearby village of [[Kandhla]]. However, a few people mentioned in the list were found living in Kandhla. One of them accused Singh of "doing politics" and asked "has he ever come to Kandhla to find out how people are living?".<ref name="THBack">{{cite news|last1=Ali|first1=Mohammad|title=BJP MP backtracks on 'exodus' claims|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/scale-of-kairana-migration-larger-bjp-leader-hukum-singh/article8728295.ece|accessdate=17 June 2016|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 June 2016|location=New Delhi}}</ref>
** The State government also conducted a survey.<ref name="THBack"/> A team of BJP MLA's led by [[Suresh Khanna]] visited Kairana and submitted its report to its state chief [[Keshav Prasad Maurya]]. In a report submitted to the state government, the district administration stated that out of 119 families surveyed 68 had left due to lack of jobs, education and health services. Singh's list contained names of 4 dead people and 13 families were still residing in Kairana.<ref name="BJPTeam">{{cite news|last1=Rashid|first1=Omar|title=BJP hardens line though officials nail 'exodus' lies|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bjp-hardens-line-though-officials-nail-exodus-lies/article8739123.ece|accessdate=17 June 2016|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 June 2016|location=Lucknow}}</ref>

==National Human Rights Commission Report==
The NHRC Report had confirmed that 400 Hindu families had indeed left the town due to fear of the members of a particular community (Muslims) which was "majority in the area". The report also confirmed youths belonging to the majority community (Muslims) were passing lewd remarks against the females of the minority community in the town. Due to this, females of the specific minority community (Hindus) were asked not to go out frequently and could not gather courage to report the matter to the police. The report also confirmed the terror of Mukim Kala which had committed at least 47 known cases of robbery, murder, dacoity, extortion and violation of the Arms Act in the 5-year period between 2010 and 2015. The report said the resettlement of over 25,000 members of the minority community in the aftermath of the 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots had led to a major change in the demography of many towns in the region, including Kairana.<ref name="TOI22September">{{cite news|title=Exodus of Hindu families from Kairana a reality, finds NHRC probe report|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/Exodus-of-Hindu-families-from-Kairana-a-reality-finds-NHRC-probe-report/articleshow/54451892.cms|accessdate=24 October 2016|date=22 September 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|location=[[Meerut]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kairana exodus caused by fear of crime: National Human Rights Commission|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kairana-exodus-caused-by-fear-crime-national-human-rights-commission-694636|accessdate=24 October 2016|date=22 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Riot refugees changed profile, made law and order worse: NHRC|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/riot-refugees-changed-profile-made-law-and-order-worse-nhrc-3043334|accessdate=24 October 2016|date=22 September 2016}}</ref>

==Response from remaining parties==
[[Samajwadi Party]] (SP) spokesperson [[Choudhary Rajendra Singh]] termed the whole issue a conspiracy created by Hukum Singh. The latter responded by asking Rajendra Singh to reply to the questions in front of the public.<ref>{{Cite news|title=SP, BJP blame each other on Kairana issue|date=13 June 2016|newspaper=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|language=Hindi|location=Lucknow|page=11}}</ref> [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] chief [[Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)|Ajit Singh]] said that in the name of Kairana, BJP had planned a riot.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Questions raised on MP's Migration list|date=14 June 2016|newspaper=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|language=Hindi|location=Lucknow|page=11}}</ref> [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] leader [[Mayawati]] also expressed similar concerns and stated that by raising the Kairana issue the BJP was conspiring to engender a Hindu-Muslim riot.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kairana: A Planned Conspiracy|date=15 June 2016|newspaper=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|language=Hindi|location=Lucknow|page=2}}</ref> In his report sent to the state administration, [[Meerut]] [[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]] A. K. Raghav noted that more than a hundred Muslim families had also migrated from Kairana during the same period.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Muslim families also migrated from Kairana|date=15 June 2016|newspaper=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|language=Hindi|location=Lucknow|page=1}}</ref> A fact-finding delegation of Samajwadi Party stated that more than 160 Muslim families too had migrated.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/samajwadi-party-backed-team-says-even-160-muslim-families-left-kairana-2872298/|title=SP-backed team says even 160 Muslim families left Kairana|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=24 June 2016}}</ref> They also submitted a report to Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav, blaming some political leaders for disturbing harmony and supporting criminal elements. When questioned about the credibility of his list, Hukum Singh responded by saying that he had not checked it.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kairana list not checked|date=15 June 2016|newspaper=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|language=Hindi|location=Lucknow|page=17}}</ref> [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Minister]] [[Sanjeev Balyan]] also stated that some Muslim families had also migrated per findings of a BJP delegation that visited the region, adding that it was a law and order problem and shouldn't be linked with communalism.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Some Muslim families have moved out of Kairana: Sanjeev Balyan|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/some-muslim-families-have-moved-out-of-kairana-sanjeev-balyan-2864796/|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=20 June 2016}}</ref> Political parties opined that BJP had raised this issue with a view to reaping electoral benefits in the upcoming Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections. In a press interview, Singh stated that he had raised this issue way back in 2013.<ref name="Reality">{{Cite news|title='पहले भी उठा चुका हूं मुद्दा'|url=http://www.livehindustan.com/news/tarakki/article1-realtiy-of-kairana-539541.html|trans-title=Had raised the issue earlier|date=16 June 2016|newspaper=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|language=Hindi|location=Lucknow|page=17|accessdate=20 June 2016}}</ref>

Upon being asked whether he would request [[President's rule]] in the state, UP governor [[Ram Naik]] stated that he would request it at the correct time.<ref>{{Cite news|title=President's Rule in UP on Correct Time|date=17 June 2016|newspaper=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|language=Hindi|location=Lucknow|page=17}}</ref> KC Tyagi of the [[Janata Dal (United)]] denied that migration had occurred from Kairana.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tension Increases on Kairana|date=17 June 2016|newspaper=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|language=Hindi|location=Lucknow|page=1}}</ref> BSP's [[Naseemuddin Siddiqui]] blamed BJP and said that it was creating drama over the issue.<ref>{{Cite news|title=भाजपा कर रही है डामेबाजी: नसीमुदीन|trans-title=BJP doing drama: Naseemuddin|date=17 June 2016|newspaper=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|language=Hindi|location=Lucknow|page=17}}</ref>

==Marches==
[[Sangeet Singh Som]], the BJP [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Sardhana]], organised a ''Nirbhay Padyatra'' or "fearless march," from his constituency. He was stopped by the police before he could reach Kairana, and ended his march after an initial disagreement with the police. On the same day, Atul Pradhan, the Samajwadi Party's candidate for the Sardhana assembly constituency, distributed more than 1500 roses to the local residents. BJP state president Maurya stated that Som had been instructed not to organise the ''yatra''. Hukum Singh had also made the same request.<ref>{{Cite news|title=पलायन पर सरधना से कैराना तक उबाल|trans-title=Sardhana to Kairana Boil on Migration|date=18 June 2016|newspaper=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|language=Hindi|location=Lucknow|page=17}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2016 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:Human migration]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Persecution of Hindus]]
[[Category:History of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Shamli district]]
[[Category:Crime in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Forced migration in Asia]]

Euthanasia in India

2026-03-15T15:05:21Z

RonaldKign: New a article

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Euthanasia}}
The law on '''Euthanasia in India''' distinguishes between [[Active euthanasia|active]] and [[Passive euthanasia|passive]] euthanasia.

Forms of active euthanasia, including the administration of lethal compounds, are still illegal in India.<ref name="LA-times">{{cite news |date=8 March 2011 |title=India's Supreme Court lays out euthanasia guidelines |newspaper=LA Times |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-india-euthanasia-20110308,0,1497102.story |access-date=8 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="Times-Widely">{{cite web |date=8 March 2011 |title=Euthanasia: Widely debated, rarely approved |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-08/india/28667689_1_euthanasia-fatal-injection-terminally-ill-patients |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105005023/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-08/india/28667689_1_euthanasia-fatal-injection-terminally-ill-patients |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=8 March 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

[[Euthanasia#Passive euthanasia|Passive euthanasia]] (more commonly known as withholding and/or withdrawal of life support) has been legal in India in a limited set of circumstances since the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]]'s judgments in ''[[Aruna Shanbaug case|Aruna Shanbaug]]'' (2011), ''[[Common Cause (India)|Common Cause]]'' (2018), and an order modifying the guidelines issued in Common Cause (2023).

Patients must consent through a [[living will]], and must be either terminally ill or in a vegetative state.<ref>[https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/the-aruna-shanbaug-case-which-changed-euthanasia-laws-in-india/a-landmark-verdict/amp-slideshow/6323107.cms] {{dead link|date=August 2019}}</ref> The procedural guidelines were streamlined and relaxed by the Supreme Court in January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Streamlining the Process for Passive Euthanasia: Judgement Summary |url=https://www.scobserver.in/reports/streamlining-the-process-for-passive-euthanasia-judgement-summary/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=Supreme Court Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Aruna Shanbaug (2011) ===
{{Main|Aruna Shanbaug case}}
In 2009, activist and journalist [[Pinki Virani]] filed a petition in [[Supreme Court of India]] on behalf of [[Aruna Shanbaug case|Aruna Shanbaug]], a nurse working at the [[KEM Hospital]] in [[Mumbai]] on 27 November 1973 when she was sexually assaulted by a sweeper. During the attack, Shanbaug was strangled with a chain, and the deprivation of oxygen left her in a vegetative state. She was treated at KEM following the incident and was kept alive by a feeding tube for 42 years, until she died of pneumonia in 2015.

In the petition, Virani argued that the Shanbaug's continued existence was a "violation of her right to live in dignity".

On 7 March 2011, the Supreme Court rejected the plea to discontinue Shanbaug's life support. The Supreme Court's decision to reject the discontinuation of Aruna's life support was based on the fact that the hospital staff who treat and take care of her did not support euthanizing her.<ref name="Hindu1" /> Shanbaug died from pneumonia on 18 May 2015, after being in a coma for a period of 42 years.<ref name="death">{{cite news |date=18 May 2015 |title=1973 Sexual Assault Victim Aruna Shanbaug passes away in Mumbai |publisher=news.biharprabha.com |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/05/1973-sexual-assault-victim-aruna-shanbaug-passes-away-in-mumbai/ |url-status=live |access-date=18 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095941/http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/05/1973-sexual-assault-victim-aruna-shanbaug-passes-away-in-mumbai/ |archive-date=18 May 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Despite rejecting this particular claim, the Supreme Court legalised passive euthanasia, and noted that it included the withdrawing of treatment or food that would allow the patient to live.<ref name="LA-times" /><ref name="BBC">{{cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=India court rejects Aruna Shanbaug euthanasia plea |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12662124 |access-date=8 March 2011 |work=BBC}}</ref>

=== Common Cause v Union of India (2018) ===
On 25 February 2014, while hearing a PIL filed by NGO [[Common Cause (India) | Common Cause]], a three-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India observed that the judgment is inconsistent in itself as though it observes that euthanasia can be allowed only by legislature yet it goes on to lay down guidelines on the same. Therefore, court has referred the issue to a constitution bench which shall be heard by a strength of at least five judges. Court observed:<blockquote>''In view of the inconsistent opinions rendered in Aruna Shanbaug (supra) and also considering the important question of law involved which needs to be reflected in the light of social, legal, medical and constitutional perspective, it becomes extremely important to have a clear enunciation of law. Thus, in our cogent opinion, the question of law involved requires careful consideration by a Constitution Bench of this Court for the benefit of humanity as a whole.''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=24 February 2014 |title=Common Cause (A Regd. Society) v. Union of India – (2014) 5 SCC 338 [Euthanasia reference to Constitution Bench] |url=http://onelawstreet.com/2014/02/common-cause-a-regd-society-v-union-of-india-2014-5-scc-338-euthanasia-reference-to-constitution-bench/ |access-date=18 May 2015 |website=1, Law Street |publisher=Supreme Court of India |archive-date=19 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519074047/http://onelawstreet.com/2014/02/common-cause-a-regd-society-v-union-of-india-2014-5-scc-338-euthanasia-reference-to-constitution-bench/ |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote>The Five-Judge Bench of the Supreme Court was tasked with deciding whether Article 21 of the Constitution includes in its ambit the [[right to die|right to die with dignity]] by means of executing a living wills/advance directives.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Euthanasia, Living Wills, & the Right to Die - Supreme Court Observer |language=en |work=Supreme Court Observer |url=http://scobserver.clpr.org.in/cases/whether-right-life-includes-right-die/ |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref>

In 2018, the five-judge bench declared that "[[living wills]]" or advance medical directives allowing consenting patients to be passively euthanized if the patient suffers from a terminal illness or is in a vegetative state.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 March 2018 |title=India allows 'living wills' for terminally ill |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43341155 |access-date=12 March 2018}}</ref> Before passive euthanasia became practicable in India, there existed the possibility of signing a [[against medical advice|leaving against medical advice]] (LAMA) which transferred from the physician to the patient the full responsibility for the discontinuation of his living therapies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=Himanshu |last2=Jagdish |first2=Vankar |last3=Anusha |first3=Prabhakaran |last4=Bharti |first4=Sharma |date=January 1, 2013 |title=End-of-life care: Indian perspective |url=https://www.indianjpsychiatry.org/article.asp?issn=0019-5545;year=2013;volume=55;issue=6;spage=293;epage=298;aulast=Sharma |url-status=live |journal=Indian J Psychiatry |volume=55 (Suppl 2) |issue=6 |pages=S293–S298 |doi=10.4103/0019-5545.105554 |issn=0019-5545 |oclc=828007695 |pmc=3705699 |pmid=23858271 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130419191637/https://www.indianjpsychiatry.org/article.asp?issn=0019-5545;year=2013;volume=55;issue=6;spage=293;epage=298;aulast=Sharma |archive-date=April 19, 2013 |access-date=March 19, 2021 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The court once again rejected active euthanasia by means of lethal injection. In the absence of a law regulating euthanasia in India, the court stated that its decision becomes the law of the land until the [[Indian parliament]] enacts a suitable law.<ref name="Hindu1">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article1516644.ece| title=Supreme Court disallows friend's plea for mercy killing of vegetative Aruna | work=The Hindu| date=7 March 2011| access-date=7 March 2011}}</ref>

=== Modification of Common Cause Guidelines (2023) ===
In January 2023, the Supreme Court modified its guidelines in the ''Common Cause'' judgment, streamlining the process of preparing a valid advance medical directive.

=== Harish Rana (2026) ===
{{main|Harish Rana v. Union of India}}
In March 2026,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Sumit |date=2026-03-15 |title=Harish Rana Euthanasia Case: How Will a Man in Coma for 13 Years Be Given ‘Dignified Death’ After Supreme Court’s Historic Passive Euthanasia Approval? |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/india/harish-rana-euthanasia-case-how-will-a-man-in-coma-for-13-years-be-given-dignified-death-after-supreme-court-historic-passive-euthanasia-approval-176576/ |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=The Sunday Guardian |language=en}}</ref> the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] accepted the plea of passive euthanasia for a 31-year old man Harish Rana after he remained in [[vegetative state]] for last thirteen years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harish Rana Euthanasia: 'सबको माफ करते हुए, सबसे माफी मांगते हुए सो जाओ', लवली दीदी ने दी विदाई, देखें वीडियो |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/delhi-ncr/ghaziabad/harish-rana-given-emotional-farewell-as-bk-lovely-didi-performs-final-rituals-in-sahibabad-2026-03-15 |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

==Response==
After the court ruling ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'' consulted with Muslim, Hindu, Jain and Christian religious leaders. Though generally against legalising euthanasia, Christians and the Jains thought passive euthanasia was acceptable under some circumstances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110308/jsp/nation/story_13683131.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313115950/http://telegraphindia.com/1110308/jsp/nation/story_13683131.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 March 2011|title=Faiths take nuanced view|publisher=The Telegraph - Calcutta|date=7 March 2011|access-date=8 March 2011}}</ref> Jains and Hindus have the traditional rituals ''[[Santhara]]'' and ''[[Prayopavesa]]'' respectively, wherein one fasts unto death. The Jain vow of ''sallekhanā'' or ''santhara'', is observed by the Jains only in special circumstances. These are mentioned in the Jain texts like ''[[Ratnakaranda śrāvakācāra]]''.<ref>{{citation |last=Jain |first=Champat Rai |author-link=Champat Rai Jain |url=https://archive.org/details/TheRatnaKarandaSravakachara |title=The Ratna Karanda Sravakachara |publisher=The Central Jaina Publishing House |date=1917}}</ref> Some members of India's medical establishment were skeptical about euthanasia due to the country's weak rule of law and the large gap between the rich and the poor, which might lead to the exploitation of the elderly by their families.<ref name="LA-times" />

Reporters for [[Reuters]] observed in 2018 that "The issue is not considered politically contentious in India."<ref>{{cite news|title=India's top court upholds passive euthanasia, allows living wills|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-court-euthanasia/indias-top-court-upholds-passive-euthanasia-allows-living-wills-in-landmark-judgment-idUSKCN1GL0MF|access-date=12 March 2018|work=Reuters|date=2018}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Thalaikoothal]]
* [[Sallekhana]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{death}}

[[Category:Euthanasia by country|India]]
[[Category:Death in India]]
[[Category:Suicide in India]]

Maryam Jumaa Faraj

2026-03-15T10:06:18Z

RonaldKign:

{{short description|Emirati short story writer|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Orphan|date=December 2018}}

'''Maryam Jumaa Faraj''' ({{langx|ar|مريم جمعة فرج}}) is an Emirati short story writer.

As of 2008, Faraj had published two volumes of short stories, beginning with ''Fayruz'' in 1988 and continuing in 1994 with ''Ma''' (''Water'').<ref name="AshourGhazoul2008">{{cite book|author1=Radwa Ashour|author2=Ferial Ghazoul|author3=Hasna Reda-Mekdashi|title=Arab Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide, 1873-1999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XN-OBAAAQBAJ|date=1 November 2008|publisher=American University in Cairo Press|isbn=978-1-61797-554-7}}</ref> Many of her stories take as their theme the lives and concerns of [[India]]n expatriate workers in the United Arab Emirates.<ref name="TorstrickFaier2009">{{cite book|author1=Rebecca L. Torstrick|author2=Elizabeth Faier|title=Culture and Customs of the Arab Gulf States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jwp6D51NB34C&pg=PA57|year=2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-33659-1|pages=57–}}</ref> Some of her work has been anthologized in [[English language|English]].<ref name="Johnson-Davies2009">{{cite book|author=Denys Johnson-Davies|title=In a Fertile Desert: Modern Writing from the United Arab Emirates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=703bAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT50|date=1 March 2009|publisher=American University in Cairo Press|isbn=978-1-61797-168-6|pages=50–}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Faraj, Maryam Jumaa}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Emirati short story writers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Women short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century short story writers]]
[[Category:21st-century short story writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Emirati writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Emirati women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Emirati writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Emirati women writers]]

{{UnitedArabEmirates-writer-stub}}

Rajalakshmi S. J.

2026-03-15T04:01:54Z

RonaldKign: Added new data!

{{Short description|Wheelchair model and prominent disability rights activist from India}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajalakshmi S.J
| image =
| education = MDS
| alma_mater = [[Government Dental College, Bangalore]]
| occupation = [[Activist]], [[Dentist]]
}}
''' Rajalakshmi S.J''' is an Indian disability rights activist. She is also a dentist, educator, and wheelchair pageant winner. Her NGO, SJ Foundation, of which she is chairperson, works for the cause of persons with disabilities. She is a [[TEDx]] speaker who regularly participates in [[wheelchair table tennis]] [[tournament]]s. As an avid car driver, she likes to drive a customized car. One of the 16 recipients of the 2023 [[NCPEDP]]-[[LTIMindtree]] Helen Keller Awards;<ref>{{cite news|title=24th NCPEDP-LTIMindtree Helen Keller Awards 2023|url=https://ncpedp.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NCPEDP-LTIMindtree-HKA-2023-Brochure_081223.pdf}}</ref> she has also received a national award from [[Ramnath Kovind]], President of India under locomotor disability/cerebral palsy category on occasion of [[International Day of People with Disability]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Defying Disability, This Is How A Wheelchair-Bound Woman Fulfilled Her Dream Of Becoming A Doctor & A Model|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/defying-disability-this-is-how-ahttps://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2020/Mar/07/talks-of-empowerment-2113307.html-wheelchair-bound-woman-fulfilled-her-dream-of-becoming-a-doctor-a-model-335933.html}}</ref> As a [[motivational speaker]], she has spoken at several events.<ref>{{cite news|title=Disability led me to explore life in different ways – My Take by Rajalakshmi, Miss Wheelchair World 2017 contestant|url=https://newzhook.com/story/13478/}}</ref> Besides being a [[Gold Medalist]] in [[Dental Surgery]], she is also a M.Sc. in [[Psychology]], which she pursued via correspondence.<ref name="deccanherald.com">{{cite news|title=A doctor who stands tall despite her physical disability|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/394862/a-doctor-stands-tall-despite.html}}</ref> She loves to travel and has already travelled to over a dozen nations on wheelchair.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bengaluru dentist Rajalakshmi all set to make waves at Miss Wheelchair World 2017|url=https://newzhook.com/story/13474/}}</ref>

==Education, legal battles and work==
Rajalakshmi's parents, S. Janardhan Murthy and Shobha were doctors. She received a bachelor's degree in Dental Science (BDS) 2007 from Oxford Dental College. She completed her graduation and [[internship]] in a wheelchair, after the accident and won a [[Gold Medal]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=The Dentist Who Is Also a Disability Rights Activist, Motivational Speaker, and a Showstopper|url=https://www.theweekendleader.com/Heroism/2679/the-unstoppable-winner.html}}</ref> After her accident in 2007 that left her [[paraplegic]], she had to fight a legal battle in [[Karnataka High Court]] (filed on her behalf by her mother) to pursue her master's degree in dental surgery from [[Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences]]. A favorable judgment got her admission into [[Government Dental College, Bangalore]], and in the process, got 3% reservation policy for the disabled implemented across India.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=An Unstoppable Spirit: Dr Rajalakshmi's Inspiring Story!|url=https://jfwonline.com/article/an-unstoppable-spirit-dr-rajalakshmis-inspiring-story/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Adversity Did not Kill This Girl's Determination|url= https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2014/Mar/27/adversity-did-not-kill-this-girl%E2%80%99s-determination-591207.html}}</ref> In 2016, she and her mother, who was her companion; filed a case against [[Air India]] in Karnataka High Court for misplacing her wheelchair at [[Airports of London|London Airport]] during her [[Europe]] tour. The high court observed that Air India's conduct violated [[petitioner]]s fundamental rights as well as provisions under [[Persons With Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995|1995 PWD Act]]. The court ordered suitable compensation for both petitioners.<ref>{{cite news|title=Karnataka high court asks Air India to pay Rs 20-lakh relief to physically challenged doctor|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/karnataka-high-court-asks-air-india-to-pay-rs-20-lakh-relief-to%20physically-challenged-doctor/articleshow/71886377.cms}}</ref> She says that disabled people should be inducted into government in different capacities. Only then problems they face can be understood and addressed.<ref>{{cite news|title='Appoint specially-abled in govt:' Miss Wheelchair World Pageant|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2022/Dec/02/appoint-specially-abled-in-govtmiss-wheelchair-world-pageant-2524560.html}}</ref>
[[File:Sj_foundation.png|thumb|200x200px]]

Despite being a gold medallist in Master of Dental Surgery (MDS), she diddn't get a job, so she opened her own dental clinic. She has been part of research projects on [[genetics]] and has presented papers.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|title=Miss Wheelchair World Pageant: Bengaluru's Dr Rajalakshmi Wins Miss Popularity!|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/116444/dr-rajalakshmi-miss-wheelchair-world/}}</ref> Rajalakshmi always had a passion for [[Model (person)|modelling]], and she has continued to pursue that passion by participating in [[beauty pageants]]. She has also studied [[fashion designing]].<ref name=":0"/> Currently she is also an assistant professor in Government Dental College, Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Motivational Story of Miss Wheelchair India 2014 ~ Dr.Rajalakshmi SJ|url=https://medium.com/@GlowRoad/the-motivational-story-of-miss-wheelchair-india-2014-dr-rajalakshmi-sj-545325789c1f}}</ref> As a certified wheelchair service peer trainer; she works with [[World Health Organization]] (WHO), to help and train disabled people, donors, and physiotherapists select the right wheelchair for the disabled.<ref name=":0"/> As a dentist she conducts free dental health camps at schools, through SJ Foundation, her [[NGO]]. SJ foundation primarily focuses on working to improve the lives of the disabled and underprivileged people, among other things.<ref name=":1"/>

==Medical history==

In 2007, at the age of 21, Rajalakshmi as the college topper was going to [[Vellore]], [[Tamil Nadu]] by road to attend a national dental seminar <ref name="deccanherald.com"/> and present a paper, but a truck driver dozed off and rammed the truck into her car, causing an accident that damaged her [[spinal cord]] making her [[paraplegic]] in lower part of her body.<ref>{{cite news|title=Topper dentist rises above wheelchair|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/topper-dentist-rises-above-wheelchair/articleshow/32741472.cms}}</ref> Trained in [[Bharatnatyam]] [[dance]] as well as [[Western dance (Europe and North America)|western dance]], and an aspiring model; the accident not only dashed those dreams but forced her to miss one year of her studies. She spent over 6 months in & out of the hospital and endured major surgeries and numerous [[physiotherapy]] sessions. Despite many surgeries, the accident left her paraplegic for life. It took her almost one year to get used to a wheelchair after initially rejecting it, and then realizing that she would remain 'stuck in time and place' if she didn't take control of her life.<ref>{{cite news|title=व्हीलचेयर वाली ये लड़की मिस इंडिया, मिस पॉपुलैरिटी और डेंटल सर्जन है|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/lifestyle/health-miss-india-wheelchair-dr-sj-rajalakshmi-wins-miss-popularity-1187437.html}}</ref><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":0"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Mom wins battle for disabled daughter|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/mom-wins-battle-for-disabled-daughter/articleshow/6099880.cms}}</ref> This happened after she realized there is no foolproof cure for her and she has to live with paralysed limbs for the rest of her life.

== Miss India Wheelchair 2014 contest ==

Rajalakshmi won Miss Wheelchair India 2014 in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] where the runner-up was [[Virali Modi]]. She was among the 7 participants selected from over 200 applications across India. Next year in 2015, she organized the Miss Wheelchair India 2015 pageant, in her hometown [[Bengaluru]] through her NGO, SJ Foundation, which she set up in 2015.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{cite news|title=A Life Of Triumph: Journey Of Rajalakshmi Beyond Disabilities|url=https://theglobalhues.com/a-life-of-triumphjourney-of-rajalakshmi-beyond-disabilities/}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|title=Newsletterjan-march2015withoutcurve|url=https://mobility-india.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/NewsletterJan-March2015.pdf}}</ref>

==Miss Wheelchair World 2017 contest==

Rajalakshmi participated in the Miss Wheelchair World 2017 in [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]]; where she won the 'Miss Popularity' Award. She competed against 24 contestants from various countries including France, India, Italy, Mexico, Brazil, Canada, Russia, and USA.<ref>{{cite news|title=Miss Wheelchair World 2017: Indian wins 'Miss Popularity'|url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/miss-wheelchair-world-2017-indian-wins-miss-popularity-21210/}}</ref> For the event extensions were added to her wheelchair that allowed her to implement her ideas on stage during the event. The pageant was a learning experience for her as she had to learn to do many things herself.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bengaluru dentist wins Miss Popularity title at Miss Wheelchair World 2017 pageant in Poland|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/karnataka/bengaluru-dentist-wins-miss-popularity-title-miss-wheelchair-world-2017-pageant-poland-69846}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajalakshmi S.J}}
[[Category:Disability organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Indian disability rights activists]]
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Deshbandhu Gupta

2026-03-10T10:23:04Z

RonaldKign: expanded layout per standard format and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter and legislator and journalist (1901–1951)}}
{{for|the Indian entrepreneur|Desh Bandhu Gupta}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Deshbandhu Gupta
| image=Deshbandhu Gupta 2010 stamp of India.jpg
| caption = A [[Commemorative stamp]] on Deshbandhu Gupta issued by the [[Government of India]]
| office = [[Punjab Provincial Assembly (British India)|Member of Punjab Provincial Assembly]]
| term_start = 1937
| term_end =1945
| constituency = South-Eastern Towns
| office2 = Member of [[Constituent Assembly of India]]
| term_start2 = 9 December 1946
| term_end2 = 24 January 1950
| office3 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| office4 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1901|6|14}}
| birth_name = Rati Ram Gupta
| birth_place = [[Panipat]], [[Haryana]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1951|11|21|1901|06|14}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Sona Devi
| children = 9
| alma_mater = [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Freedom fighter]]|[[politician]]|[[journalist]]}}
| known_for = Advocacy for freedom of the press, championing assembly status for National Capital Territory of Delhi, supporting the separation of [[Punjab]] and [[Haryana]]
| website =
}}
'''Deshbandhu Gupta''' (14 June 1901 – 21 November 1951), also known as '''Lala Deshbandhu Gupta''', was an Indian freedom fighter, politician, and journalist. He served as a member of the [[Punjab Provincial Assembly (British India)|Punjab Provincial Assembly]], having won the 1937 election representing the [[Indian National Congress]]. He was also a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]].<ref name="Tribune"/><ref name="betterindia"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030717/ncr1.htm |title=Desh Bandhu Gupta remembered |publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |date=24 November 2008}}</ref>

He championed the cause of ensuring [[Freedom of the press in India|freedom of the press]] and actively advocated for the assembly status of the [[National Capital Territory]] of [[Delhi]]. Additionally, he actively supported the separation of [[Punjab]] and [[Haryana]], and he was the first to initiate the independence movement of Haryana.<ref name="print"/><ref name="Tribune">Bhardwaj, Rakesh. [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030717/ncr1.htm "Desh Bandhu Gupta: Too illustrious a son to be forgotten in hometown"], ''The Tribune''. 16 July 2003</ref><ref name="betterindia"/> The [[Government of India]]'s postal department issued a [[commemorative stamp]] in his honor in 2010.<ref name="stamp"/>

== Early life and education ==
He was born as Rati Ram Gupta on 14 June 1901 in the Badi Pahad area of [[Panipat]]. His father, Shadiram, was a petition writer and a [[Vedas|Vedic]] scholar who also wrote [[Urdu]] prose and poetry.<ref name="Tribune"/>

Gupta completed his elementary education at a madrasa in Panipat and later pursued his studies at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]. At St. Stephen's, he was taught by Charles Indridge and Ghosh, while SK Rudra served as the principal. During his time at the college, Gupta briefly worked as an assistant for [[Jamnalal Bajaj]], a cloth merchant at [[Chandni Chowk]], for a period of 18 days.<ref name=upmanyu/>

During this period, significant events such as the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] unfolded, leaving a lasting impact on the public's collective memory and on young Rati Ram Gupta in particular. As a consequence, after attending a Non-Cooperation Conference led by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in [[Bhiwani]] on 22 October 1920, Deshbandhu Gupta felt inspired to actively participate in the struggle for India's freedom from [[British rule]]. He informed the college principal, S.K. Rudra, of his decision to leave St. Stephen's. Given Rudra's sympathy towards the revolutionary cause, he accepted Gupta's request and even encouraged the young Rati Ram to make the most of his choice to serve the freedom struggle.<ref name=upmanyu>Upamanyu, Narendra Kumar. ''Sansmaran: Lala Shri Deshbandhu Gupta Ji.'' Yuva Netritva Jyoti Sansthan. 2008</ref>

[[Swami Shraddhanand]] and [[Mahatma Gandhi]] gave him the title "deshbandhu" (friend of the nation), which became his commonly used name.<ref name="print">{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Fatima |title=Deshbandhu Gupta, a freedom fighter who believed in free press |url=https://theprint.in/forgotten-founders/deshbandhu-gupta-a-freedom-fighter-who-believed-in-free-press/163040/ |publisher=[[The Print]] |date=15 December 2018}}</ref>

== Independence movement ==
Deshbandhu Gupta actively participated in the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)|Non-cooperation movement]], playing a significant role in mobilizing the people of Delhi to boycott various symbols of British rule. He encouraged active participation among the masses. As a result of his involvement, Gupta endured a year of rigorous imprisonment from 1921 to 1922. He was 19 years old when he was jailed for the first time.<ref name=cmsadmin>{{cite web |url=https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?198 |title=Unsung Heroes Detail |website=Amrit Mahotsav |access-date=2023-06-12}}</ref>

During the [[Civil disobedience movement]], Gupta continued to demonstrate his support. He advocated for the boycott of foreign clothing, promoting the concept of '[[Swadeshi movement|Swadeshi]]' and endorsing locally made products. Gupta served as the editor of the newspaper ''Daily Tej'' and was apprehended on 8 October 1923, due to his revolutionary writings. His wife Sona Devi and son Vishwa Bandhu Gupta (later a [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Former MP & Editor -in chief of The North East Sun, Vishwa Bandhu Gupta dies at 93 |url=https://southasiaviews.com/featured/former-mp-editor-in-chief-of-the-north-east-sun-vishwa-bandhu-gupta-dies-at-93/ |publisher=South Asia Views |date=13 October 2020}}</ref>) were also imprisoned for their participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Deshbandhu Gupta and his family took on the crucial responsibility of leading and organizing the Civil Disobedience movement in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Anup Taneja |author2=All India Women's Conference |author2-link=All India Women's Conference |title=Gandhi, Women, and the National Movement, 1920-47 |date=2005 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=9788124110768 |edition=154 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JT_qqzH3f3IC&dq=Deshbandhu+Gupta+and+wife+Civil+Disobedience+movement&pg=PA154}}</ref><ref name=cmsadmin/>

Although Gupta later assumed a position in the [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]], he chose to resign from his role in order to join Jugal Kishore Khanna in the struggle against British colonial rule. In 1942, he was detained under the Defense of India Rules for his active involvement in the [[Quit India Movement]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?9828 |title=Unsung Heroes Detail |website=Amrit Mahotsav |access-date=2023-06-12}}</ref><ref name=upmanyu/>

== Political career ==
Gupta faced political incarceration on multiple occasions due to his active involvement in the freedom struggle. After being released from jail in 1927, Gupta campaigned for the separation of [[Haryana]] and [[Punjab]],<ref name="print"/> receiving support from individuals such as [[Ranbir Singh Hooda]].<ref name=upmanyu/>

Within the freedom movement, Gupta had associations with prominent figures like [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] and [[Swami Shraddhanand]]. Lajpat Rai, his teacher at the Tilak School of Politics, became his confidante.<ref name=upmanyu/>

[[File:Abul Kalam Azad, Ahmed Saeed and Jawaharlal Nehru at palam Airport on July 19, 1951.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Maulana Azad|Maulana Abul Kalam Azad]], [[Musa Nuri Esfandiari|H.E. Noury Esfandiary]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Tara Chand (archaeologist)|Dr. Tara Chand]], and Lala Deshbandhu Gupta, among others, arrived at [[Palam Airport]] on 19 July 1951.]]

Gupta once addressed a gathering in Delhi upon the request of the women's wing of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC). However, the British government deemed the content of his speech objectionable and subsequently banned him from addressing any further gatherings in Delhi. As a result, Lajpat Rai assigned him the task of organizing Congress committees in [[Karnal]], which was the tehsil encompassing his birthplace, [[Panipat]].<ref name="Tribune"/>

The [[Government of India Act 1935]] was passed as a result of deliberations during the [[Third Round Table Conference]] in [[London]], held in November 1932. The act aimed to establish an All India Federation and introduce new governance models for the provinces. Although the act granted greater provincial administrative power to Indians, crucial departments such as defense and foreign relations remained under British control. Despite their opposition to the act's provisions, the Indian National Congress proceeded with elections and formed governments in seven out of eleven provinces by July 1937, with coalition governments in two additional provinces. Only Bengal and Punjab had non-Congress governments, with Punjab being ruled by the [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]] and Bengal by the [[Krishak Sramik Party|Krishak Praja Party]]-[[Muslim League (Opposition)|Muslim League]] coalition. In the legislative assembly elections in Punjab on 18 February, only Lala Deshbandhu Gupta and Pandit Shriram Sharma won seats from the INC. Deshbandhu Gupta served in the [[Punjab Provincial Assembly (British India)]] for seven years and was later elected as an MP from Delhi.<ref name=upmanyu/>

He served as the secretary of the [[Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee|Delhi Congress Committee]] in 1921 and later became the president of the Delhi Congress Committee in 1947. In 1925, Gupta was elected to the Delhi Municipal Committee and held the position of deputy leader of the Congress Party within the committee for nearly 20 years. In 1947, he became a member of the Chief Commissioner's Advisory Council and later served as its vice president. He also served as a member of various sub-committees in the Parliament.<ref>{{cite book |title=Personalities: A Comprehensive and Authentic Biographical Dictionary of Men who Matter in India [Northern India and Parliament] |date=1951 |publisher=Arunam & Sheel |pages=55, 56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y40MAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> He also held several important positions within the Indian National Congress during his political career.<ref name=upmanyu/>

Apart from his political activities, Deshbandhu Gupta's services during the riots between Hindus and Muslims in 1923, 1926, and 1936 were well-regarded within the local community. He consistently appeared on the scene and played a vital role in promoting peace and harmony between the two communities.<ref name="Tribune"/> Also, during the communal riots in Delhi at the time of Partition, he undertook visits to various parts of the city with the objective of addressing divisive influences and fostering a sense of communal harmony.<ref name="betterindia">{{cite news |last1=Norbu Wangchuk |first1=Rinchen |title=Fought for Free Press, Doused the Flames of Partition Riots: The Untold Story of 'Deshbandhu' |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/169251/deshbandhu-gupta-freedom-fighter-history-india/ |publisher=[[The Better India]] |quote=He went to different parts of the city, taking on communally divisive forces. Witnessing the influx of refugees into Delhi during Partition, Deshbandhu had recommended greater representation for Delhi in Parliament.|date=10 January 2019}}</ref>

=== Constituent Assembly ===
He was elected to the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] from Delhi as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deshbandhu Gupta |url=https://www.constitutionofindia.net/members/deshbandhu-gupta/ |website=Constitution of India |access-date=31 May 2023}}</ref> As both a journalist and Constituent Assembly member, he is known to have staunchly supported freedom of the [[Press in India]], as especially evidenced in the debates surrounding the (then) entry 88-A in the Assembly draft, held in September 1949.<ref>[https://indiankanoon.org/doc/277111/?type=print "Constituent Assembly Debates On 1 September, 1949 Part I"]. Indiankanoon.org.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060131042629/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol9p30c.htm "CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF INDIA – VOLUME IX – Friday, the 9th September 1949"]. /parliamentofindia.nic.in</ref> He voiced his concerns about the imposition of taxes on newspapers and emphasized the need for them to be treated differently from other industries.<ref name="print"/>

On 30 July 1947, the Constituent Assembly convened to discuss the constitutional status of Centrally Administered Provinces, including [[Delhi]], [[Ajmer State|Ajmer]], [[Coorg Province|Coorg]], [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman and Nicobar]], and others. These provinces presented challenges due to their small size, limited population, and scarce economic resources, making separate administrations impractical. To address this issue, a motion was proposed by Deshbandhu Gupta, leading to the formation of a seven-member committee headed by [[Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya]]. The committee was tasked with studying the matter comprehensively and submitting a report. Deshbandhu Gupta also served as a committee member of the Sitaramayya Committee.
The committee swiftly conducted three productive meetings and submitted its report to President [[Dr. Rajendra Prasad]] on 21 October 1947. The committee acted promptly due to Gupta's familiarity with Delhi's history, culture, and institutions, indicating a potential interest in a role within the new administration.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/delhi-in-the-constituent-assembly-the-inside-story/article66458489.ece|title=Delhi in the Constituent Assembly: The inside story|date=1 February 2023|newspaper=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]], [[The Hindu]]|author=S.K. Sharma}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/government-policy/framers-constitution-divided-on-representative-government-delhi|title=Framers of India's Constitution were divided on representative government for Delhi|date=17 July 2018|newspaper=[[The Caravan]]|author=Krishna, Vineeth}}</ref>

Deshbandhu Gupta was involved in the matter of assembly status for Delhi. He advocated for the establishment of a responsible government in Delhi, which put him in opposition to [[B. R. Ambedkar|B.R. Ambedkar]]'s stance. Dr. Ambedkar supported granting special status to the [[National Capital Territory]] (NCT). Despite facing repeated rejections from the Government of India to grant Delhi equal status to other units of the Indian Union, Gupta tenaciously pursued his cause through his newspapers, parliamentary speeches, and resolutions presented in the Chief Commissioner's Advisory Council. Eventually, Delhi did obtain an assembly, but it became a special [[Union territory|Union Territory]] rather than a full-fledged state.<ref name="print"/> Gupta is believed to have played a crucial role in securing this achievement, making him a potential candidate for the position of the first [[Chief Minister of Delhi]].<ref name="navbharat">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Anil |title=सीएम बनना तय था लेकिन किस्मत को कुछ और ही मंजूर था, जानें कहानी दिल्ली के कद्दावर नेता की |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/delhi/politics/who-is-deshbandhu-gupta-freedom-fighter-in-hindi-congress-leader-after-first-election-in-delhi/articleshow/98990239.cms |publisher=[[Navbharat Times]] |date=25 March 2023 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

== Contribution to journalism ==
Deshbandhu Gupta was a noted journalist, who served as an editor for [[Lala Lajpat Rai]]'s newspaper ''Vande Mataram''. Later, in collaboration with [[Swami Shraddhanand]], an [[Arya Samaj]] missionary, he established the newspaper ''Daily Tej'', which was published in [[Urdu]] as the ''Rozana Tej''. After the death of Swami Shraddhanand on 23 December 1926, Desh Bandhu took over the management of the newspaper until his own passing.<ref name="Tribune"/>

He also served as a co-chair of the ''[[Indian Express|Indian News Chronicle]]'' alongside [[Ramnath Goenka]], who acquired stakes in the company. Following Deshbandhu's demise, Goenka renamed the newspaper as ''[[The Indian Express]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Azadi Ka Safar with AIR News - profile of Deshbandhu Gupta |publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] |date=21 November 2021 |url=https://cmsadmin.amritmahotsav.nic.in/event-detail.htm?6773}}</ref><ref name="print"/>

Gupta served as the President of the All-India Newspaper Editors' Conference. Furthermore, in 1950, he assumed the role of President of the Indian and Eastern Newspaper Society.<ref name="Desh"/><ref>{{cite web|title=How the First Amendment to the Indian Constitution Circumscribed Our Freedoms & How it was Passed|url=https://indianhistorycollective.com/how-the-first-amendment-to-the-indian-constitution-circumscribed-our-freedoms-how-it-was-passed-amendmentoftheconstitution-nehruhistory-constitutional-gov-congressbill-parliamentarydemocracy/|website=Indian History Collective}}</ref>

After Deshbandhu Gupta's death in 1951, his son Vishwabandhu Gupta took over the leadership of Daily Tej<ref>{{cite web|title=Former MP & Editor-in-chief of The North East Sun, Vishwa Bandhu Gupta dies at 93|url=https://southasiaviews.com/featured/former-mp-editor-in-chief-of-the-north-east-sun-vishwa-bandhu-gupta-dies-at-93/|website=South Asia Views|date=13 October 2020}}</ref> and expanded its portfolio. It launched Deewana ''Tej'', a popular bilingual satirical magazine that gained prominence in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sharma|first1=Kamayani| title=India's answer to 'MAD' magazine has been sadly forgotten|url=https://scroll.in/magazine/1029953/indias-answer-to-mad-magazine-has-been-sadly-forgotten|website=[[Scroll.in]]|date=11 August 2022}}</ref> They also introduced ''The Weekly Sun'', India's first political and youth tabloid, which captivated the younger generation throughout the 1970s and 80s. Additionally, it published the ''Northeast Sun'', an English magazine with a substantial readership in the [[Northeast India|North East region]] of India and neighboring countries. In 2023, Tej completed a century of its existence.<ref>{{cite web|title=तेज बंधु ग्रुप के हुए सौ वर्ष पूरे, संस्थापक लाला देशबंधु गुप्ता थें स्वतंत्र पत्रकारिता के ध्वजवाहक|url=https://dainikbhaskarup.com/tej-bandhu-group-completes-100-years-founder-lala-deshbandhu-gupta-was-the-flag-bearer-of-independent-journalism/|publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]|language=Hindi|date=9 June 2023}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
At the age of 19, Deshbandhu Gupta married Sona Devi, who was 17 years old. Their matrimonial alliance had been arranged since Gupta was five years old and she was three. Gupta and Sona Devi had four sons named Vishwabandhu Gupta, Prembandhu Gupta, Ramesh Gupta, and Satish Gupta, as well as five daughters named Vimla Gupta, Nirmala Gupta, Urmila Gupta, Sarla Gupta, and Manjula Gupta.<ref name=upmanyu />

== Death ==
On 21 November 1951, Deshbandhu Gupta was scheduled to attend a convention in [[Calcutta]]. Initially, his seat on the plane was not confirmed. However, due to unforeseen circumstances, [[Devdas Gandhi]] had to cancel his own travel plans for some urgent work in Delhi. So Deshbandhu Gupta got the seat instead. The plane crashed near the [[Calcutta airport]] and everyone on board, including Deshbandhu Gupta, lost their lives.<ref name="Tribune"/>

[[Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru]], the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister of India]] was among the pallbearers during Deshbandhu Gupta's funeral. On that occasion, it is noted that Nehru said, "Aaj Dilli sooni ho gayi hai," which can be roughly translated as "Delhi has become silent today."<ref name="betterindia"/><ref name="navbharat"/>

His appointment as the first [[Chief Minister of Delhi]] was confirmed, but he died in an air crash before he could be sworn in.<ref name="navbharat"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Yadav |first1=JP |title=शपथ से कुछ दिन पहले हो गया था दिल्ली के इस चुने गए मुख्यमंत्री का निधन |url=https://www.jagran.com/delhi/new-delhi-city-ncr-do-you-know-elected-chief-minister-of-delhi-died-few-days-before-the-oath-jagran-special-20035397.html |publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]] |date=16 February 2020 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

== Commemoration ==
In June 2010, the [[Government of India]] issued a [[commemorative postage stamp]] and a [[first day cover]] to honor the birth anniversary of Lala Desh Bandhu Gupta.<ref name="stamp">{{cite web |url=https://istampgallery.com/deshbandhu-gupta/ |title=Deshbandhu Gupta |website=iStampGallery |access-date=4 December 2014}}</ref> On 12 August 2010, the Prime Minister of India [[Manmohan Singh]] released the postage stamp.<ref>{{cite news |title=लघु सचिवालय में लगेगी लाला जी की प्रतिमा : हुड्डा |url=https://www.dainiktribuneonline.com/news/archive/features/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8-146882 |publisher=[[Dainik Tribune]] |date=13 August 2010 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

[[Deshbandhu College]], a constituent college of the [[University of Delhi]], was established in 1953 by the Ministry of Rehabilitation and named after Deshbandhu Gupta as a tribute.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deshbandhucollege.ac.in/pdf2022/Prospectus%202022-23.pdf |title=Prospectus 2022-23 |website=Deshbandhu College |access-date=2023-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Roychowdhury |first=Adrija |title=When Deshbandhu College was built for educating kids of Partition refugees |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/when-deshbandhu-college-was-built-for-educating-kids-of-partition-refugees-7747835/ |access-date=8 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=8 March 2022}}</ref> There is a government college, Deshbandhu Gupta Government PG College, located in [[Panipat]], Haryana, which is named after Deshbandhu Gupta.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/khattar-in-his-best-spirits-leading-haryana-to-a-smart-end/story-0PGD3AzSBzRMZ4oHOVFygP.html|title=Khattar in his best spirits leading Haryana to a smart end|date=29 June 2015|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> In 1956, the [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]] installed a statue of Deshbandhu Gupta at [[Ajmeri Gate]], Delhi, which was unveiled by [[Syed Mahmud]], the then [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]].<ref>{{cite book|title=D. M. C. Plan To Install more Statues|page=62|publisher=The Civic Affairs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vfsmAQAAIAAJ&dq=Deshbandhu+Gupta+statue&pg=RA5-PA62|date=June 1956}}</ref>

In August 2008, the [[Government of Haryana]], under the leadership of [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]], established a state-level award in honor of Lala Deshbandhu Gupta, with a monetary value of {{INR}}1 lakh. The award is bestowed upon individuals who have made exceptional contributions to the field of writing about the freedom fighters in Haryana. This award is established under the auspices of [[Sahitya Akademi|Haryana Sahitya Akademi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Haryana sets up Deshbandhu Gupta award |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Haryana-sets-up-Deshbandhu-Gupta-award/article15286347.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210014407/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Haryana-sets-up-Deshbandhu-Gupta-award/article15286347.ece |archive-date=10 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hooda announces award on works on Lala Deshbandhu Gupta |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/08/20/hooda-announces-award-on-works-on-lala-deshbandhu-gupta-1219241026.html |work=[[Oneindia]] |date=20 August 2008}}</ref>

A statue of Lala Deshbandhu was unveiled by the college administration of [[Deshbandhu College]] on 6 August 2022, in the presence of his family members, as a commemorative gesture to honor his contributions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deshbandhucollege.ac.in/pdf2022/Prospectus%202022-23.pdf |title=Deshbandhu College Prospectus 2022-23 |website=Deshbandhu College |access-date=2023-06-12 |page=4}}</ref> ''Desh'', a [[student magazine]] of Deshbandhu College, was started as a commemoration to honor Deshbandhu Gupta.<ref name="Desh">{{cite web |url=https://www.deshbandhucollege.ac.in/uploads/desh-magzine/VOL%20I%201953.pdf |title=Desh magazine, Volume I, 1953 |website=[[Deshbandhu College]] |access-date=2023-06-12}}</ref> A road in Delhi's [[Karol Bagh]] is named after him.<ref name="navbharat"/><ref name="Tribune"/>

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian independence activists]]
* [[List of people from Haryana]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Deshbandhu}}
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1951 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper founders]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]]
[[Category:People from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]

Prem Jain

2026-03-09T11:56:51Z

RonaldKign: Added new stub

{{Short description|Indian mechanical engineer (1936–2018)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Dr. Prem Jain
| image = Dr. Prem C Jain.jpg
| caption = Father of Indian Green Buildings
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1936|01|26}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2018|09|20|1936|01|26}}
| death_place =
| citizenship =
| education = [[Mechanical Engineering]], [[PhD]]
| alma_mater = [[Banaras Hindu University|Banaras Hindu University (BHU)]], [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]]; [[University of Minnesota]]
| occupation = [[Engineer]], [[Entrepreneur]] and [[Researcher]]
| known_for = Starting the revolution for Green Buildings in India
| children = [[Payal Jain]]
| awards = Rashtriya Gaurav Award
| module =
}}
'''Dr Prem Jain''' (26 January 1936 – 20 September 2018) was an Indian mechanical engineer,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/green-buildings-are-technically-feasible-economically-viable-prem-c-jain-chairman-igbc/56516680|title=Green buildings are technically feasible & economically viable: Prem C Jain, Chairman, IGBC - ET RealEstate|last=www.ETRealty.com|website=ETRealty.com|language=en|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref> also known as the Father of Green Buildings in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.csrmandate.org/honouring-a-legend-the-father-of-green-buildings-late-dr-prem-jain/|title=Honouring a Legend – The Father of Green Buildings – (Late) Dr. Prem Jain {{!}} CSR Mandate|last=Imchen|first=Atula|date=9 February 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.omaha.com/money/buffett/prem-jain-why-is-warren-buffett-so-successful-the-answer/article_30bf0f4a-4725-54f1-8905-decd7b1a1583.html|title=Prem Jain: Why is Warren Buffett so successful? The answer may lie at Berkshire's annual meeting|last=World-Herald|first=Prem Jain Special to The|website=Omaha.com|date=5 May 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-06-27}}</ref> Jain served as the [[chairman]] of Indian Green Building Council (IGBC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://activeads.in/cii/gbc-2017/Dr-Prem-C-Jain.html|title=~ Green Building Congress 2017 ~|website=activeads.in|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://realtyplusmag.com/interview-with-dr-prem-c-jain-chairman-indian-green-building-council-2/|title=Interview with Dr Prem C Jain, Chairman, Indian Green Building Council|date=2018-04-03|website=Realty Plus Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Prem Jain did his BSC ME from [[Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi|IT BHU]] in 1957<ref name = Obit>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ishrae.in/newsdetails/OBITUARY-Dr-Prem-C-Jain-/2115|title=Obituary: Dr. Prem C. Jain 1936 - 2018|website=www.ishrae.in|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref> and studied further to receive a master's MSME from University of Minnesota in 1960, and PhD in 1967 from the same institute. After returning to [[India]], he was a visiting professor at [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur|IIT Kanpur]]. During his tenure, he set up a separate laboratory for [[Environmental engineering|Environmental Engineering]]. Jain was also on the faculty at [[School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi|School of Planning and Architecture Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzeb.in/alliance-1/allianceexpertindex/dr-prem-c-jain/|title=Dr Prem C Jain|website=NZEB|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16|archive-date=4 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304074624/http://www.nzeb.in/alliance-1/allianceexpertindex/dr-prem-c-jain/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name = Obit/>

== Career ==
He worked with Carrier Corp R&D USA{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} and then with Stein Doshi Bhalla, an architectural firm.<ref name=":3" /> During his tenure with this firm, Jain worked for the design of IIC expansion, Ford Foundation & [[UNICEF]] (WWF) buildings on [[Lodi Road]], Zakir Hussain Memorial in [[Okhla]], Escorts Factory Building in [[Faridabad]] and Expansion of [[Triveni Kala Sangam]] in New Delhi. Alongside his professional achievements, he dedicated 47 years as Visiting Faculty at the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi.He Founded ISHRAE, which today has more than 14,000 members and 8,000 student members.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|title=Newsletter|url=http://worldschoolofdesign.in/data/WSPA%20-%20Newsletter%202016-17.pdf|journal=World School of Planning and Architecture|volume= 1, April 2017|pages=Page 2}}</ref> In 1980 Jain founded Spectral Services Consultants Private Limited (now an AECOM company) to provide [[Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing|Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing]] (MEP) designs. During his work at Spectral, As Founder he played a key role in revising the HVAC and sustainability sections of the National Building Code of India (NBC) in 2005 and 2016, serving as Convenor for HVAC (Chapter 8, Part 3) and Sustainability (Chapter 11).<ref>{{cite web |title=Bombay House is the first heritage building to get top green rating |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/news/bombay-house-is-the-first-heritage-building-to-get-top-green-rating/article8329874.ece |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>He took over as Chairman Emeritus for AECOM India in 2015, the world’s No. 1 Consultancy with 1 Lakh engineers & architects in 150 countries. He led his company to the world’s highest 60 platinum and 40 gold awards from [[IG Bergbau, Chemie, Energie|IGBC]] & [[U.S. Green Building Council|USGBC]], for the design of services for Green Buildings in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/real-estate/prem-c-jain-head-of-green-building-council-passes-away/article25005565.ece|title=Prem C Jain, head of green building council, passes away|last=Kumar|first=V. Rishi|website=@businessline|date=21 September 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref>

==Notable Projects==

*[[Rashtrapati Bhavan|Rashtrapati Bhawan]] Darbar Hall
* Prime Minister's Office.
*[[Vigyan Bhavan|Vigyan Bhawan]] & [[AIIMS Delhi|AIIMS]] [[New Delhi]] (Renovation after Fire)
*[[Lotus Temple|Bahaii Temple]] (Lotus Temple) Extension New Delhi
*[[Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai|Siddhi Vinayak Temple]] [[Mumbai]]
* MoEF Headquarter Building
* Indira Pariyavaran Bhawan, New Delhi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ceai.org.in/directory/?|title=Prem C Jain|website=ceai.org.in|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref>
* Goa, Hyderabad & [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi International Airport]] Ltd. New Delhi
* World Heart Organization (WHO), New Delhi
* [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]
* [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] New Delhi
* [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]] Headquarters
* [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|AP state New Legislative Assembly]] & Annexe, Hyderabad
* Darbar Hall, [[Rashtrapati Bhavan|Rashtrapati Bhawan]], New Delhi
* [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]]
* Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts, New Delhi
* [[Indira Paryavaran Bhawan]], Jorbagh, New Delhi
* [[North South University]], Dhaka (Bangaladesh)
* ISRO Shar Mission Control Centre Building, Srihari Kota
* [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Patna Vidhan Sabha]], Bihar
* [[Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital]], Mumbai
* Medanta Medicity Integrated Medical Facilities, Gurgaon
* [[Wockhardt Hospitals|Wockhardt Hospital]], Mumbai, Bengaluru & Kolkata
* CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, Hyderabad
* India Exposition Mart, Part I & II, Greater Noida
* [[National Stock Exchange of India|National Stock Exchange]] India Ltd. BKC, Mumbai
* Doha City Centre, Doha

== Awards and recognition ==

* First practicing engineer in India to have been nominated in 1995 as Fellow of the [[ASHRAE number|Ashrae]], USA<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.holcimfoundation.org/Experts/prem-c-jain|title=Prem C Jain |publisher=LafargeHolcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref>
*Distinguished Leadership for Internationals Award by [[University of Minnesota]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bca.gov.sg/events/sgbw/cn/people/dr-prem-c-jain.html|title=Dr. Prem C. Jain |website=www.bca.gov.sg|access-date=2019-03-17}}</ref>

===National Awards===
* [[ASHRAE]] Lifetime Service Award (2013)<ref>{{cite web |title=Honors and awards |url=https://www.ashraeindia.org/honors-and-awards/ |publisher=[[ASHRAE]]}}</ref>
*Consulting Engineers Association of India Lifetime Achievement Award (2013)<ref>{{cite web |title=Prem C. Jain - Distinguished Leadership Award for Internationals 2011 {{!}} Global Programs and Strategy Alliance |url=https://global.umn.edu/awards/dlai/prem-c-jain |website=global.umn.edu |publisher=[[University Of Minnesota]]}}</ref>

===International Awards===
* World CSR Sustainability Gold Award (2016)
* [[University of Minnesota]] Distinguished Leadership Award for International alumnus (2011)
* [[ASHRAE]] USA Distinguished Fifty Year Member Award (2009)
* ASHRAE’s Louise & Bill Holladay Distinguished Fellow (First Indian) (2005)
* The Asia 500 Leaders for The New Century (2000)
* ASHRAE Fellow (First Indian) (1995

== Prem Jain Memorial Trust ==
Prem Jain died aged 82 on 20 September 2018 in [[Delhi]].<ref name=":0" /> A trust called Prem Jain Memorial Trust was founded.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiacsr.in/prem-jain-memorial-address-at-harit-prem-bharat-mahotsav/|title=Prem Jain Memorial Address at Harit-Prem Bharat Mahotsav|last=Network|first=India CSR|date=2019-02-09|website=India CSR|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://delhigreens.com/2019/02/08/prem-jain-memorial-trust-celebrates-harit-prem-bharat-utsav/|title=Prem Jain Memorial Trust Celebrates Harit-Prem Bharat Utsav|date=2019-02-08|website=Delhi Greens Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Prem}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Indian business executives]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Minnesota alumni]]
[[Category:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni]]
[[Category:Indian environmentalists]]

Dilip Sinha

2026-03-05T18:08:02Z

RonaldKign: cleanup content

{{Short description|Indian diplomat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Dilip Sinha
|image = Dilip Sinha 2012 (cropped).jpg
|office1 = Public Speaker, Writer, Diplomat
|office2 = Chairman of [[Manipur Public Service Commission]], India
|term2 = 2015–2016
|successor2 = Lt Gen [[Konsam Himalaya Singh]]
|office3 = [[Permanent Representative]] of India to the [[United Nations in Geneva]]
|term3 = 2012–2014
|office4 = [[Vice President]] of the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]], Geneva
|term4 = 2013–2014
|office5 = Ambassador of India to Greece
|term5 = 2007–2010
|predecessor =
|successor =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|11|08|df=y}}
|birth_place = India
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party =
|spouse = Shrimi Sinha
|children = 2
|alma_mater = [[Patna University]], [[Patna]]
|profession = Civil Servant ([[Indian Foreign Service]])
}}

'''Dilip Sinha''' (born 1954) is an Indian diplomat and former public administrator. He served in the [[Indian Foreign Service]] from 1978 to 2014 and as chairman of the [[Manipur Public Service Commission]], India, from 2015 to 2016. Ambassador Sinha is a public speaker on international security, Afghanistan-Pakistan-Iran and environmental diplomacy. He is the author of Legitimacy of Power: The Permanence of Five in the Security Council (2018, Vij Books). The book traces the origins of international security cooperation and scrutinizes the moorings of the UN Security Council's powers in international law.

Dilip Sinha was head of India's UN affairs during its membership of the Security Council in the eventful period, 2011–2012. He was ambassador to the UN in Geneva, where he was elected vice president of the UN Human Rights Council in 2014 and vice chairman of the South Centre. Sinha steered India's response to the crises in Libya and Syria in the Security Council and to Sri Lanka in the Human Rights Council. During his diplomatic career, Sinha headed India's relations with Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran and served in Germany, Egypt, Pakistan, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Greece.

Sinha currently serves on the board of the [[Asian Development Research Institute]] Society.

In August 2023, Pan Macmillan India announced the acquisition of IMPERIAL GAMES IN TIBET: The Battle for Survival and Sovereignty by Dilip Sinha. The book will be published in spring/summer 2024.
[https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/acquisition-announcement-imperial-games-tibet-pan-macmillan-india/].

Dilip Sinha is represented by literary agent, A Suitable Agency [https://www.asuitableagency.com/our-writers/dilip-sinha/].

== Indian Foreign Service ==
Dilip Sinha is a member of the 1978 batch of the [[Indian Foreign Service]]. He served as India's [[Ambassador]] and [[Permanent Representative]] to the [[United Nations in Geneva]] from 2012 to 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B9C2E/(httpNewsByYear_en)/14FADE256D7EBE95C12579C70038D4AD?OpenDocument |title=Where global solutions are shaped for you | News & Media | NEW PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF INDIA PRESENTS CREDENTIALS TO DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT GENEVA |access-date=13 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227112504/http://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B9C2E/(httpNewsByYear_en)/14FADE256D7EBE95C12579C70038D4AD?OpenDocument |archive-date=27 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and as India's Ambassador to Greece from 2007 to 2010.

As part of his multilateral assignments, Sinha represented India in its three-year term on the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]] and was the first Indian to be elected as vice-president of the Human Rights Council Bureau.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=14106&LangID=E|title=OHCHR -|website=www.ohchr.org}}</ref>
Sinha was also elected Vice Convener of the South Centre Council of Representatives in Geneva.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southcentre.int/question/the-board-and-council-of-the-south-centre-hold-meetings-in-geneva/|title=The South Centre • South Unity, South Progress - The Board and Council of the South Centre Hold Meetings in Geneva|website=www.southcentre.int}}</ref>

Prior to taking up his assignment in Geneva, Sinha served as Special Secretary for International Organizations and Environmental Diplomacy in the Government of India. He was responsible for coordinating India diplomacy at the multilateral level, including its 2011–2012 term on the [[UN Security Council]] and on [[climate change]] negotiations.

Sinha was Deputy High Commissioner of India to [[Bangladesh]] from 2002 to 2004 and [[Deputy Chief of Mission]] at the [[Embassy]] of India in Brazil from 1999 to 2002. Earlier international postings include counsellor and minister (economic) in the Permanent Mission of India to the UN Offices in Geneva, first secretary at the High Commission of India in Pakistan and second secretary at the Embassy of India in [[Egypt]] and in Germany.

At the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)]], apart from serving as Special Secretary and Additional Secretary from 2010 to 2012, Sinha was joint secretary in charge of the Pakistan, [[Afghanistan]] and [[Iran]] desk from 2005 to 2007, deputy secretary for press relations from 1990 to 1991 and director in the [[Prime Minister's Office (India)]] from 1992 to 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pmindiaun.org/pmi_amb.html|title=Sorry for the inconvenience.|website=www.pmindiaun.org}}</ref>

== Books and journals ==
Dilip Sinha is the author of Legitimacy of Power: The Permanence of Five in the Security Council (2018, [http://www.vijbooks.com/BookDetails/1521/Legitimacy-of-Power--The--Permanence-of-Five-in-the-Security-Council Vij Books]).

The book traces the origins of international security cooperation and scrutinizes the moorings of the UN Security Council's powers in international law.
It critiques the permanent five's manipulation of the council to aggressively strengthen their global dominance and legitimise their exercise of power.

Notable reviews include that of:

[[Shyam Saran]], India's Foreign Secretary (2004-2006)

''Dilip Sinha combines his rich experience in multilateral diplomacy with meticulous research to produce an outstanding work on the United Nations Security Council and its evolving role in international security.''

[[Betty E. King]], US Ambassador to the UN in Geneva (2009-2013)

''The cover of The Legitimacy of Power is an apt reflection of the operations of the United Nations. Despite its increase in country memberships across the globe since its inception, the most powerful and important arm of the organization, i.e. the Security Council, has resisted numerical changes in its permanent memberships. Legitimacy of power should be an apt beginning for the legitimacy of change.''

[[Vijay K. Nambiar]], Chef de Cabinet to the UN secretary-general (2007-2012)

''An impressive work. Has historical detail, legal rigor as well as a nuanced awareness of the normative compulsions and practical politics driving this great institution. Sinha rightly warns us that a Security Council rendered unpredictable or unreliable by P-5 vagaries could affect its own credibility and ultimately the legitimacy of the UN itself.''

== Personal life ==
Dilip Sinha is married to Shrimi Sinha and has two sons. He speaks English, Hindi and German fluently.

== Early life and education ==
Dilip Sinha was born in [[Kanpur]], India. He obtained his master's degree in [[Political Science]]
from [[Patna University]] in [[Patna]], [[Bihar]].

== References ==
{{Reflist|50em}}

==External links==
* http://www.rusemb.org.uk/press/339
* http://mea.gov.in/mystart.php?id=530217976&pid=&flg=1&sz=c
* http://www.dfa.gov.za/department/gallery.htm
* http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/resolution-respects-lankan-sovereignty-indian-envoy-to-ndtv-189431 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426180019/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/resolution-respects-lankan-sovereignty-indian-envoy-to-ndtv-189431 |date=26 April 2012 }}
* [https://www.indiatoday.in/column-the-raisina-insider/story/peace-in-south-asia-a-combo-diplomacy-required-65398-2010-01-19 indiatoday.intoday.in]
* https://archive.today/20130217154351/http://www.indianembassy.gr/mrdilipsinha.php
* http://www.pmindiaun.org/pmi_amb.html
* http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=14106&LangID=E
* http://www.southcentre.int/question/the-board-and-council-of-the-south-centre-hold-meetings-in-geneva/

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Dilip}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Permanent representatives of India to the United Nations in Geneva]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Greece]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Patna University alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]

Kishmish

2026-03-04T00:15:26Z

RonaldKign: started a post

{{Short description|2022 Indian Bengali-language film by Rahool Mukherjee}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kishmish
| image = Kishmish.jpg
| caption =
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]]
* [[Rukmini Maitra]] }}
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| music = [[Nilayan Chatterjee]]
| cinematography = [[Modhura Palit]]
| editing = Amit Ray
| director = [[Rahool Mukherjee]]
| based_on =
| producer = [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]] Atul Agarwal
| writer = Rahool Mukherjee
| studio = Dev Entertainment Ventures M.K. Media
| distributor = SSR Cinemas
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|04|29|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/bengali-film-kishmish-to-release-on-29-april-11643777242125.html|title=Bengali film 'Kishmish' to release on 29 April|first=Lata|last=Jha|date=2 February 2022|website=mint}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 141 minutes
| budget = {{INR}}1.35 Cr
| gross = {{INR}}2.7 Cr<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dev- Jeet- Rana: এবার রানার কাঠগড়ায় দেব, জিৎ! ২ ছবির বক্স অফিস রিপোর্ট প্রকাশ্যে আনলেন প্রযোজক |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/tollywood-bengali-cinema/story/kishmish-raavan-box-office-collection-producer-rana-sarkar-shares-bo-collection-dev-jeet-newly-released-movies-soc-372697-2022-05-11 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>
}}

'''''Kishmish''''' ({{Translation|''Raisins''}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film written and directed by [[Rahool Mukherjee]]. This film is jointly produced by Dev Entertainment Ventures and M. K. Media.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kishmish (2022) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in kolkata - BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/kolkata/movies/kishmish/ET00321634 |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=in.bookmyshow.com}}</ref> The film stars [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]] and [[Rukmini Maitra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/lifestyle/dev-and-rukmini-maitra-talk-about-their-film-kishmish-at-special-nava-varsha-shoot/cid/1860705|title=Dev and Rukmini Maitra talk about their film 'Kishmish'|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/for-rukmini-it-doesnt-have-to-be-all-work-no-fun/articleshow/85654629.cms|title=For Rukmini, it doesn't have to be all work no fun - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=26 August 2021 }}</ref> The supporting cast includes [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], [[Anjana Basu]], [[June Malia]] and [[Kamaleshwar Mukherjee]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/dev-and-rukmini-explain-kishmish-shows-parents-can-be-best-friends/articleshow/91311471.cms|title=Dev and Rukmini explain 'Kishmish' shows how parents can become best friends - Times of India|website=The ei somoy |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref>

== Plot ==
After failing in the school examinations, Tintin goes to college where he meets Rohini, a topper girl in his batch. Gradually they fell in love. They both want to get married but somehow, they couldn't manage their parents. Then a series of events happen in their life which make the situation more complex.

== Cast ==
* [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]] as Krishanu Chatterjee aka Tintin
* [[Rukmini Maitra]] as Rohini Sen
* [[Kharaj Mukherjee]] as Govinda "Goblu" Chatterjee, Tintin's father
* [[Anjana Basu]] as Pubali Chatterjee, Tintin's mother
* [[Kamaleshwar Mukherjee]] as Ashim Sen, Rohini's father
* [[June Malia]] as Rohini's mother
* [[Lily Chakravarty]] as Buri, Pubali's aunt
* [[Ankush Hazra]] (cameo appearance) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-22 |title='অতিথি' অঙ্কুশকে ধন্যবাদ জানালেন দেব, ব্যাপারটা কী? |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/ankush-to-do-a-guest-appearance-in-kishmish-movie-with-dev-31629598993331.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822081433/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/ankush-to-do-a-guest-appearance-in-kishmish-movie-with-dev-31629598993331.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 August 2021 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
* [[Rituparna Sengupta]] (cameo appearance) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dev's got a surprise for the audience - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/devs-got-a-surprise-for-the-audience/articleshow/85237428.cms |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=The Times of India |date=11 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Paran Bandopadhyay]] (cameo appearance)
* [[Srabanti Chatterjee]] (cameo appearance)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-17 |title=ফের বড় পর্দায় একসঙ্গে দেব-শ্রাবন্তী! থাকছে আরও চমক |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/kishmish-after-jishu-sengupta-and-rituporna-sengupta-srabanti-to-appear-as-a-special-guest-in-actor-producer-dev-s-kishmish-31629182417789.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817095040/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/kishmish-after-jishu-sengupta-and-rituporna-sengupta-srabanti-to-appear-as-a-special-guest-in-actor-producer-dev-s-kishmish-31629182417789.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
* [[Jisshu Sengupta]] (cameo appearance) <ref name=":0" />

==Production ==
=== Development ===
The film was announced in November 2020, starring [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]] and [[Rukmini Maitra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/this-is-when-dev-rukminis-kishmish-will-hit-the-floors/articleshow/79041187.cms|title=This is when Dev-Rukmini's 'Kishmish' will hit the floors - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=4 November 2020 }}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The makers of the film with arranged an [[Muhurat shot|muhurat puja]] for the team a month ahead of filming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/snapshots-from-the-mahurat-of-romcom-kishmish/cid/1823525|title=Snapshots from the mahurat of romcom Kishmish|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> The [[principal photography]] of the film started in August 2021 in [[Kolkata]], followed by [[Darjeeling]], and was completed within 10 days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/dev-visits-the-hills-to-shoot-for-kishmish-452944|title=Dev visits the Hills to shoot for 'Kishmish'|first=Amitava|last=Banerjee|date=14 September 2021|website=www.millenniumpost.in}}</ref> The film was [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped up]] on 22 September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/dev-rukmini-wrap-up-kishmish-shoot-with-hilarious-nagin-dance/articleshow/86420707.cms|title=Dev, Rukmini wrap up 'Kishmish' shoot with hilarious Nagin Dance - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=22 September 2021 }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The film's music composed and lyrics written by [[Nilayan Chatterjee]]. On 30 March 2022, the first song titled "Tui Bolbo Na Tumi" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/kishmish-get-ready-to-groove-with-toke-tui-bolbo-na-tui-as-dev-rukmini-redefine-college-romance/articleshow/90561969.cms|title=Kishmish: Get ready to groove with 'Toke Tui Bolbo Na Tui' as Dev-Rukmini redefine college romance - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=31 March 2022 }}</ref> sung by [[Nikhita Gandhi]] and Subhadeep Pan was unveiled.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/singer-nikhita-gandhi-on-bura-na-mano-yaara-new-york-times-square-ad-her-kolkata-connection-and-more/cid/1860292|title=It is very Kolkatan to own your virtues… this has shaped my art: Nikhita Gandhi|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2022/apr/12/sound-engineer-subhadeep-pan-debuts-as-a-playback-singer-in-devs-upcoming-filmkishmish-40182.html|title=Sound engineer Subhadeep Pan debuts as a playback singer in Dev's upcoming film, Kishmish|website=www.indulgexpress.com |date=12 April 2022 }}</ref> Ten days later, the second song "Oboseshe" sung by [[Arijit Singh]] was released.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kolkatatv.org/entertainment/oboseshe-kishmish-arijit-singh-dev-rukmini-rahool-nilayan-official-video/|title=Kishmish New Song Obosheshe By Arijit Singh : অবশেষে ভালবেসে চলে যাব|date=9 April 2022|website=Kolkata TV}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Kishmish
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Nilayan Chatterjee
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2022
| recorded = 2021
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 16:49
| label = Saregama Bengali
| producer =
| misc = {{External media | video1 ={{YouTube|1nFf0Wks6O0|"Tui Bolbo Na Tumi"}} | video2 ={{YouTube|yapaJV_46mg|"Oboseshe"}} | video3 = {{YouTube|yta_Xk2i9T4|"Kanna"}} | video4 = {{YouTube|0xw7W2MYZi4|"Janina Bhalolaga"}} }}
{{Singles
| name = Kishmish
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Tui Bolbo Na Tumi
| single1date = 30 March 2022
| single2 = Oboseshe
| single2date = 9 April 2022
| single3 = Kanna
| single3date = 18 April 2022
| single4 = Janina Bhalolaga
| single4date = 22 April 2022
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 16:49
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Tui Bolbo Na Tumi
| extra1 = [[Nikhita Gandhi]], Subhadeep Pan
| length1 = 3:52
| title2 = Oboseshe
| extra2 = [[Arijit Singh]]
| length2 = 4:26
| title3 = Kanna
| extra3 = [[Papon (singer)|Papon]]
| length3 = 4:22
| title4 = Janina Bhalolaga
| extra4 = [[Nikhita Gandhi]], Shaswat Singh
| length4 = 4:09
}}
{{clear}}

== Release ==
===Theatrical===
The film was released theatrically on 29 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/dev-rukmini-announce-the-release-date-of-kishmish-deets-inside/articleshow/89014559.cms|title=Dev, Rukmini announce the release date of 'Kishmish', deets inside - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=20 January 2022 }}</ref>

===Home media===
The film was digitally premiered on the OTT Platform Hoichoi on 29 November 2024.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

== Reception ==
Upam Buzarbaruah of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave it three and a half stars out of five and praised the movie saying that it is quite a pleasant watch. He noted that runtime of almost two and a half hours is a bit lengthy but the narrative, interspersed with some nice melodious songs, moves at a relatively fast pace and helps in passing the time easily. He opined that Kishmish is a refreshing treat for all ages and for the family.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/kishmish/movie-review/91238431.cms|title=Kishmish Movie Review: A refreshing treat of a film for the family|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

''[[Anandabazar Patrika]]'' reviewed that the film brings back the nostalgic memories of college days and that watching it would lead one to possess a desire to go back to college.<ref>{{Cite web |last=রায় |first=অময় দেব |title=Kishmish Review: 'কিশমিশ' দেখতে দেখতে যেন ফিরে আসে কলেজবেলার দিনগুলো! |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/review-of-bengali-movie-kishmish-dgtl/cid/1341462 |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref> The protagonist of the film, Dev, expressed that the best review was received from his father. He wrote "In my 39 years of life, my dad never wrote me a letter. Like every other movie, my dad and my family came today to see the movie Kishmish. Outside Dad wrote "Kishmish Super duper Hit"."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dev Kishmish Review: কিশমিশের সেরা রিভিউ কার থেকে পেলেন দেব! |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/dev-and-rukmini-maitra-movie-kishmish-gets-a-thumbs-up-from-actor-father-as-he-pens-down-a-heartfelt-note/articleshow/91197465.cms |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=EI Samay |date=30 April 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> [[Ei Samay Sangbadpatra|''Ei Samay'']] reviewed it and gave it three and a half stars out of five.<ref>{{Cite web |title=কিশমিশ: কিশমিশ-এ ফ্লায়িং কালারস নিয়ে পাশ দেব-রুক্মিণীর, ছক্কা খরাজের |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/film-review/dev-and-rukmini-maitra-starrer-kishmish-movie-review/moviereview/91207792.cms |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=EI Samay |date=30 April 2022 |language=bn}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|15433754}}
{{Dev Entertainment Ventures}}

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2022 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Dev Entertainment Ventures films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language romantic comedy films]]

Bernard de Aldona

2026-02-28T12:53:47Z

RonaldKign: adding new post w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian composer and actor (1946–1983)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bernard de Aldona
| image = Bernard de Aldona.jpg
| caption = Fernandes in an undated photograph
| birth_name = Bernardo Vitorino Fernandes
| birth_date = {{birth date|1946|3|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Aldona]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1983|7|6|1946|3|25|df=y}}
| death_place = Aldona, Goa, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Composer|singer|actor|playwright}}
| years_active = 1960s–{{circa|1983}}
}}

'''Bernardo Vitorino Fernandes''' (25 March 1946 – 6 July 1983), known professionally as '''Bernard de Aldona''', was an Indian composer, singer, theatre actor, and playwright who worked on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]].

==Early life==
Bernardo Vitorino Fernandes was born on 25 March 1946 in [[Aldona]], [[Goa]], which was part of [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India). He was born to João Celestino Fernandes and the farmer Ana Felicia Rosaria Fernandes, into a [[Goan Catholic]] family.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandes |first=Diogo |date=1946 |title=Registo De Nascimento |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030120953/https://goaonline.gov.in/ |archive-date=2023-10-30 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Goa Online}}</ref>

==Career==
Fernandes was a composer known for his [[Good moral character|morally uplifting]] songs, which garnered admiration from audiences. Two of his most memorable compositions include "Uddon Gelem" and "Hatan Dile Dandde." Fernandes established a successful musical partnership with [[Carmo Rod]], and their [[duet]]s received acclaim from patrons of the ''[[tiatr]]'', a popular form of [[Goan]] theater. In addition to his musical talents, Fernandes showcased his acting prowess in ''tiatrs'' produced by figures such as Nelson, Jacint Vaz, [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]], [[C. Alvares]], [[Prem Kumar (Konkani actor)|Prem Kumar]], and Remmie Colaco. Notably, his songs continue to be broadcast by [[All India Radio]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2015-03-22 |title=Somplolea Tiatristancho Ugddas – The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2015/03/22/magazines/buzz/somplolea-tiatristancho-ugddas/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> Throughout his lifetime, Fernandes demonstrated his creative versatility by authoring numerous ''tiatrs'', with two of his popular works being ''Kitem Amcho Estad'' (What is our state?) and ''Zalach Paije'' (It should happen).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=173 |language=en |access-date=2024-01-12 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Death==
On 6 July 1983, Fernandes died at the age of 37 due to complications related to [[alcoholism]] at his home in Goncoi, [[Aldona]] in [[Goa]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1983 |title=Directorate of Planning, Statistics and Evaluation and Office of the Chief Registrar of births and deaths |url=https://rbd.goa.gov.in/Certificate/CertificateSelect_goaonline.aspx |access-date=5 January 2024 |website=Goa Online |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027073241/https://rbd.goa.gov.in/Certificate/CertificateSelect_goaonline.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandes |first=J. P. |date=2013-03-23 |title=Ugddas Adlea Tiatristancho |url=https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/23_march_amcho_avaz |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=[[O Heraldo]] |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112160523/https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/23_march_amcho_avaz |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Legacy==
During various occasions, Fernandes was honored and remembered for his contributions to the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]]. One such event was the monthly program called "''Somplolea Tiatristancho Ugddas''" organized by the [[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] (TAG). In March 2012, the program took place at the conference hall in [[Campal]], [[Panjim]], where Fernandes, along with other esteemed figures including J. P. Souzalin, [[Dioguinho D'Mello]], Anthony D'Sa, [[Aristides Dias]], Greg, Allen Costa, Inacio de Canacona, and Cajetan D'Souza, were honored and remembered.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-03-22 |title=Instituto Camoes' scholarships |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/instituto-camoes-scholarships/articleshow/12365287.cms |access-date=2024-01-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The following year, in March 2013, another tribute was paid to Fernandes at the monthly program "''Somplolea Tiatristancho Ugddas''," held at Ravindra Bhavan in [[Margao]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-03-16 |title=Somplolea Tiatristancho Ugddas |url=https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/16_march_issue |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=[[O Heraldo]] |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112063440/https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/16_march_issue |url-status=live }}</ref> Similarly, in March 2014, Fernandes was remembered at the same program, which took place at the Black Box in Ravindra Bhavan, Margao.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Sa |first=Victor |date=19 March 2014 |title=Somplolea Tiatristancho Ugddas |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210194355/https://tiatracademyofgoa.com/ |archive-url=https://www.mail-archive.com/goanet@lists.goanet.org/msg102427.html |archive-date=19 March 2014 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]]}}</ref>

In March 2015, the Tiatr Academy of Goa organized the monthly program "''Somplolea Tiatristancho Ugddas''" to commemorate the ''[[tiatr]]'' artists born in March who had died. Fernandes was among those remembered during this occasion.<ref name=":0" />

Fernandes's contributions were also acknowledged beyond the realm of remembrance events. In May 2016, his songs were included in the [[repertoire]] played during the all-Goa Konkani solo singing competition called "''Mhozo Tallo Aikat''." The competition, organized by The Goa Cultural and Social Centre, Mil-Mel-Nel Productions, and Clube Vasco-da-Gama, was held at [[Institute Menezes Braganza]] in Panjim and featured participants from different age groups.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Konkani song singing contest |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/konkani-song-singing-contest/14209.html |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112063442/https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/konkani-song-singing-contest/14209.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lastly, in March 2019, Fernandes was once again remembered at the Tiatr Academy of Goa's monthly program "''Somplolea Tiatristancho Ugddas''," held at the Black Box in Ravindra Bhavan, Margao. This particular event also honored other late artists born in March, including J. P. Souzalin, Dioguinho D'Mello, Anthony D'Sa, [[Aristides Dias]], Greg Fernandes, Cajdon D'Souza, Allen Costa, Inacio de Canacona, John Nazareth, Patricio Pereira (Patrick Perry), Caetano Gomes, [[Antonette De Calangute]], Anil Kumar, Peter Gomes, and Jose C Braganza.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-31 |title=Late tiatr artistes remembered The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2019/03/31/magazines/buzz/late-tiatr-artistes-remembered/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112063412/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2019/03/31/magazines/buzz/late-tiatr-artistes-remembered/ |archive-date=2024-01-12 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=[[The Navhind Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Selected stage works==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|
|''Kitem Amcho Estad''
|Writer
|
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|1960s
|''Zalach Paije''
|Writer
|
|<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Narayan |first=Rajan |date=2017-01-16 |title=TRIUMPH OF SECULARISM: The Battle of the Opinion Poll |url=https://www.goanobserver.in/2017/01/16/triumph-secularism-battle-opinion-poll/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Goan Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

==Select discography==
*''Uddon Gelem''
*''Hatan Dile Dandde''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bernard de Aldona}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Goa]]
[[Category:Musicians from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Writers from North Goa district]]

Dalera

2026-02-26T11:58:09Z

RonaldKign: Creating New Info...

{{Short description|Hindu caste}}
{{multiple issues|
{{orphan|date=January 2025}}
{{moresources|date=April 2019}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
The '''Dalera''', sometimes pronounced as '''Dalere,''' is a [[Hindu]] [[caste]] found in [[North India]].<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part One edited by A Hasan & J C Das pages 407 to 411 Manohar Publications</ref> They claim lineage from union between a [[Gurjar]] male and [[Kahar]] female.<ref>"Their own tradition is that they spring from an alliance between a Gujar on the male side and a woman of the Dhimar caste" in Nevill, H. R. (1911). Bareilly: A Gazetteer, being Volume XIII of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (p. 198). Allahabad: Government Press.</ref>

==Occupation==
The primary occupation of the caste was according to the 1901 Census of India was [[Basketmaking]]<ref>[https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Census_of_India_1901/glJFAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA231&printsec=frontcover Census of India Volume 16, Issue 1, 1901]. (1902). India: Printed at the Government central Press. p231</ref> and [[Day_labor |day-labouring]]<ref>Haikerwala, B.S. [https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.01813/page/151/mode/2up?q=dalera Economic And Social Aspect of Crime in India]. George Allen And Unwin Limited. p.151</ref>

==Geographical Location==
They are found almost entirely in [[Bareilly]] District<ref>(Census of India 1901 Volume XVI, Issue I. p.231)</ref>

==Social Status==
There social positioning in the [[Hindu]] caste system is generally considered low<ref>Blunt, E. (2010). [https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Caste_System_of_Northern_India/NenzO2grTOMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=dalera&pg=PA159&printsec=frontcover The Caste System of Northern India]. Isha Books. p.159</ref>

== Government Status==
The Dalera were classified as a Criminal Tribe under the [[Criminal Tribes Act]] in a case titled ''"Queen-Empress vs Hori on 27 May, 1899"'' it was declared that the accused named Hori could not be sent to a reformatory school as he was from a tribe declared ineligible to be done so under ''"Rule 4 of the rules made by the Local Government and published at pages 167, 168 of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh Government Gazette, Part VI, 3rd July 1897"''<ref>[https://indiankanoon.org/doc/236898/ Queen-Empress v. Hori, (1899)]. Indian Law Reports, Allahabad Series, 21, 391.</ref>
The Dalera themselves are neither [[Scheduled Tribes]], [[Scheduled Caste]] or [[Other Backward Caste]]<ref>Lok Sabha Secretariat. (1982). [https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2707976/1/07_VIII_24-03-1982_p64_p65_u4937.pdf Dalera Caste of Uttar Pradesh] [Parliamentary Question And Answers]. Government of India. https://eparlib.nic.in/handle/123456789/2707976</ref>

==See also==

* [[Basor]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Dalit communities]]

Imam Rabbani Senior Secondary Public School

2026-02-22T07:55:08Z

RonaldKign: started a info!

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox school
| logo =
| image = Imam Rabbani Public School Jaipur.png
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| caption = School Building
| address = 4650 Hidayat Bagh Char Darwaza, Subhash Chowk
| city = [[Jaipur]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| zipcode = 302002
| country = India
| school_board = [[Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education|RBSE]]
| founded = 1996
| founder = [[Fazlur Rahim Mujaddidi]]
| principal = Dr. Mohammed Shoaib<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://imamrabbanischool.com/principal-message|title=Secretary/Principal Message|website=imamrabbanischool.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://muslimmirror.com/eng/a-developed-community-is-identified-by-its-educational-standard-maulana-fazlurrahim-mujaddidi/|title=A developed community is identified by its educational standard: Maulana Fazlurrahim Mujaddidi|date=27 January 2016|website=Muslim Mirror}}</ref>
| grades = KG - 12
| enrollment_as_of =
| enrollment = More than 3000 students
| language = English
| free_label = Contact No.
| free_text = 0141 - 2601221
| free_label1 = Vice-Chairperson
| free_text1 = Dr. Samra Sultana<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://imamrabbanischool.com/chairman-message|title=Vice-Chairperson Message|website=imamrabbanischool.com}}</ref>
| affiliations = Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education
| website = {{URL|https://imamrabbanischool.com/}}
}}

'''Imam Rabbani Senior Secondary Public School''' is a [[co-educational]] English-medium residential school in [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TwoCircles.net |date=2014-12-20 |title=Jaipur's Rabbani SS School to upgrade to college level: Maulana Mujaddidi |url=https://twocircles.net/2014dec20/1419096936.html |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US}}</ref> Founded in 1996 by [[Fazlur Rahim Mujaddidi]] Sahab,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first= Neha |date=2022-01-12 |title=Why Muslims are in bad shape, time to introspect: Maulana Mujaddidi |url=https://www.siasat.com/why-muslims-are-in-bad-shape-time-to-introspect-maulana-mujaddidi-2257411/ |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> the school provides education to students from pre-primary through 12th grades.{{citation needed|date=August 2025}}

== References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|26.92697|75.83575|format=dms|type:edu_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Schools in Jaipur]]
[[Category:Private schools in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in Rajasthan]]

{{India-school-stub}}

Ramtek Kevala Narasimha temple inscription

2026-02-13T18:39:58Z

RonaldKign: Added new place

{{short description|Epigraphic record documenting the construction of a Shiva temple in Maharashtra, India}}

[[File:Detail of the Ramtek temple Inscription..JPG|thumb|Detail of the Narasiṃha temple inscription at Rāmtek]]

The '''Rāmtek Kevala Narasiṃha temple inscription''' is an epigraphic record of the [[Vakataka|Vākāṭaka]] dynasty, documenting the construction of a temple dedicated to the [[Narasimha|Narasiṃha]] or lion-man incarnation (''[[avatara|avatāra]]'') of Viṣṇu. The inscription dates to the 5th-century CE. The inscription is presently built into an interior wall of the Kevala Narasiṃha temple at [[Ramtek]], in [[Nagpur]] district, [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. The inscription is written in 15 lines of [[Sanskrit]], in the later [[Brahmi script]], but is damaged. It records the lineage of the Vākāṭaka rulers and the foundation of the temple. The inscription is composed in ''Puṣpitāgrā'', ''Upajāti'' and ''Śloka'' metres.

According to Hans Bakker, the temples complex features several [[avatar]]s of Vishnu, and there is "a perfect match between the opening verse of the inscription and the [[Vamana|Trivikrama]] sculpture preserved in situ amidst the temple ruins to the north-east of the Narasimha temple".<ref>{{cite journal | last=Bakker | first=Hans | title=The Trivikrama Temple: A New Interpretation of Rāmagiri Evidence (3) | journal=South Asian Studies | publisher=Taylor & Francis | volume=29 | issue=2 | year=2013 | doi=10.1080/02666030.2013.833757 | pages=169–176| s2cid=191357609 }}</ref>

==Historical significance==
The Rāmtek Kevala Narasiṃha temple inscription is a key and unique record for the history of the Vākāṭaka kings and their interrelations with the [[Gupta dynasty]]. Like many eulogistic inscriptions it provides the genealogy of the donor's family, in this case a daughter of [[Prabhavatigupta|Prabhāvatīguptā]], herself the daughter of [[Chandragupta II]]. Of particular significance is the fact that the inscription records the marriage of Prabhāvatīguptā's daughter to Ghaṭotkaca, the king of central India who made a bid for supremacy and who is mentioned in the [[Tumain inscription of Kumāragupta]]. This daughter returned to the Vākāṭaka realm after the death of her husband.<ref>Hans T. Bakker and Harunaga Isaacson, "The Ramtek Inscriptions II: The Vākāṭaka inscription in the Kevala-Narasiṃha Temple," ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' 56.1 (1993), p. 47. {{doi|10.1017/S0041977X0000166X}}</ref>

==Publication==
The inscription, first reported in 1982-83, was mentioned by [[Hans T. Bakker]] in 1989.<ref>Hans T. Bakker, "Ramtek Inscriptions," ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' 52.3 (1989), pp. 467-496, {{doi|10.1017/S0041977X00034571}}</ref> Bakker published a critical reading in 1993 with Harunaga Isaacson.<ref>Hans T. Bakker and Harunaga Isaacson, "The Ramtek Inscriptions II: The Vākāṭaka inscription in the Kevala-Narasiṃha Temple," ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' 56.1 (1993), pp 46-74. {{doi|10.1017/S0041977X0000166X}}</ref> Further improvements were published in 1997.<ref>Hans T. Bakker, ''The Vākāṭakas: An Essay in Hindu Iconology'' (Groningen, 1997).</ref>

==Translation==
''Note: The translation here loosely follows that published by Bakker in 1993; for the latest version, readers are referred to that published by Bakker in 1997.''<ref>Hans T. Bakker, ''The Vakatakas. An essay in Hindu Iconography'' (Groningen, 1997), See http://www.forsten.nl/product.php?categorie_id=14&serie_id=11&product_id=32</ref>

He is victorious, whose (colour resembles) the depths of a water-laden raincloud, who [...] clarified butter in a stream [...], whose [...] limbs are
swollen at the occasion of a sacrifice (that is the battle), and who is looked at with gazes that tremble with fright [...]. (1) [...] royal seer [.. .]. (2)

[''one verse possibly lost'']

To whose feet the crowned heads of kings pay tribute: [...] whose [.. .] receptacle for holding (the lustre) from (his) footstool, (a lustre) that arises from
(his) might [. . .]. (3) To him [...] the edge of the ocean [...]. (4)

[''one verse possibly lost'']

(She), being worshipped in the residence of her father like a deity [...], grew up like a [...] flame of a fire in which abundant ghee has been poured. (5)
Her [. . .] raised [. . .]. (6)

[''one verse possibly lost'']

After (a number of) (sons) had been born to them in succession, famous and furnished (with virtues), a daughter called '''MUṆḌĀ''', resembling the lustre of the moon, was born as (their) younger sister. (7) [. . .] streak [. . .]. (8)

[''one verse possibly lost'']

At all times the conduct of this King (deva), '''CANDRAGUPTA''', lord of the three oceans, was perfect: the sovereign (gave) his daughter to the illustrious RUDRASENA (a, mine of) virtues. (9)

[''one verse (10), possibly two, lost'']

To (this) [...] great hero, who was like a beast of burden, (carrying) the entire burden of (his) kingdom which was very difficult to bear, [...] a son named '''GHAṬOTKACA''' (was born). (11) [...] woman [.. .]. (12)

[''one verse possibly lost'']

Then, after he had seen that niece (of his) [...], who was a palace Lakṣmī, [...] (this) king paid his respects (to her) and married her. (13) The lord of the gods [. . .] (minister) [...]. (14)

[''one verse possibly lost'']

(He pleased) the minds of wise men with refined language, [. . .] of [. . .] whose eyes were like (blue) lotuses [. . .], mendicants with floods of wealth and the peoples with (his) fame. (15) He [. . .] king [. . .]. (16)

[''one verse possibly lost'']

When at a certain time [...] he of desirable appearance [...] by/with [[Indra]], [...] (her) brother brought the proud woman [...], back to his own residence with force. (17) [one verse (18), possibly two, lost] There, whatever [...], (increasing dharma), the king's daughter performed, of those [...] this share [...]. (19)

[''one verse (20), possibly two, lost'']

And she (then respectfully) caused to be made the Lord of the Earth and Master of '''PRABHĀVATĪ''' the sake of everlasting merit [.. .]. (21) [...] the origin of the world [...]. (22)

[''one verse (23), possibly two, lost'']

After she of extreme (lustre), had made in the village '''KADALĪVAṬAKA''' a water reservoir '''SUDARṢANA'''(' lovely to behold') and (installed) the beautiful (sudarsana) god, (24)
[...] whose hair is yellow, for the sake of merit [. . .]. (25)

[''one verse (26), possibly two, lost'']

Half of the merit assigned to the gods, [.. .] for (her) father and mother [...]
accruing from the deed [...]. (27) Of (him) of infinite might who is the cause of the sustenance and destruction of the world, the [. ..] of the (Vedic) seers [.. .]. (28)

[''one verse (29), possibly two, lost'']

Reflecting that that temple for her beloved (begetter) is transitory, she, free of sins, for the sake of a mass of merit for her mother alone, (30) [...] stone [...], resembling stone [... ], for a long time [...]. (31)

[''one verse (32), possibly two lost'']

By him, who was chosen by her and is carrying out her orders, (about) to proclaim this fame that will last so long as there is light, (33) a great ''kāvya'' [...]. (34)

[''one or two verses possibly lost'']

==See also==
*[[Indian inscriptions]]

==Notes==
<references/>

==External links==
* [https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/research_projects/all_current_projects/state_formation_in_early_india/inscriptions_and_sites.aspx British Museum Research Project : ''Politics, Ritual and Religion'' : Epigraphic Findspots]

[[Category:Vākāṭaka inscriptions]]
[[Category:Sanskrit inscriptions in India]]
[[Category:Narasimha temples]]

Amitabh Kant

2026-02-03T10:12:49Z

RonaldKign:

{{Short description|Indian civil servant (born 1956)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Amitabh Kant
| office = [[Sherpa (emissary)|Indian Emissary to the G20 & G7]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Hindi
| image = Amitabh Kant, CEO, NITI Aayog (33897600400).jpg
| caption = Amitabh Kant at the WTTC Global Summit 2017
| predecessor = [[Piyush Goyal]]
| term_start = 8 July 2022
| termend = 16 June 2025
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1956|03|01}}
| birth_place = [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| spouse = Ranjeeta Kant
| alma_mater = [[St Stephen's College, Delhi]] [[Delhi University]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
| occupation = [[Civil servant]]
| other_names =
| website = {{Official website}}
| office2 = 2nd [[NITI Aayog|CEO of NITI Aayog]]
| predecessor2 = Sindhushree Khullar
| successor2 = [[Parameswaran Iyer]]
| termstart2 = 17 February 2016
| termend2 = 30 June 2022
}}

'''Amitabh Kant''' (born 1 March 1956) is a retired 1980 batch [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer who<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-06-29 |title=NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant's tenure extended by one year |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/niti-aayog-ceo-amitabh-kants-tenure-extended-by-one-year/article35044982.ece |access-date=2021-07-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> served as [[2023 G20 New Delhi summit|India's G20]] [[Sherpa (emissary)|Sherpa]] from 8 July 2022 till 16 June 2025<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Harikishan |title=The face behind India's G20 prep: Sherpa Amitabh Kant |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/the-face-behind-indias-g20-prep-sherpa-amitabh-kant-8930861/ |access-date=4 April 2024 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=10 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-16 |title=Amitabh Kant resigns as India's G20 Sherpa, ending 45-year govt career |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/amitabh-kant-resigns-g20-sherpa-10069431/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> and as the chief executive officer of [[NITI Aayog]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/startups/indias-startup-movement-is-fast-gaining-momentum-amitabh-kant/60065648|title=India's startup movement is fast gaining momentum: Amitabh Kant|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=15 August 2017 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-30}}</ref> a [[public policy]] [[think tank]] of the [[Government of India]].

==Early life==
Amitabh Kant was born on 1 March 1956. He first studied at [[Modern School (New Delhi)|Modern School, Delhi]], graduated with a degree in Economics (Hons.) from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]<ref name="St. Alumni">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/did-you-know-these-6-top-office-holders-in-india-went-to-the-same-college-1411307-2018-12-17|title=Did you know these 6 top office holders in India went to the same college? |work=India Today|date=17 December 2018}}</ref> and earned an M.A. in International Relations from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tourism Tales with Amitabh Kant|url=https://www.braingainmag.com/tourism-tales-with-amitabh-kant.htm|access-date=2021-07-23|website=www.braingainmag.com}}</ref> He was a [[Chevening Scholarship|Chevening Scholar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chief Executive Officer|url=http://niti.gov.in/team-niti/profile-ceo-niti-aayog}}</ref>

==Career==

Kant began his [[Indian Administrative Service]] career in the [[Kerala]] cadre, working as sub collector of [[Thalassery]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reviving Nostalgic Memories: DIPP secretary Amitabh Kant's journey to Tellicherry, his first posting |url=http://www.babusofindia.com/2015/03/reviving-nostalgic-memories-what-dipp.html |access-date=2019-10-30}}</ref> where he carried out infrastructural work such as widening roads, removing encroachments, relocating the town's fish market from the town-centre to the beach area and initiating the Tellicherry Carnival for communal harmony.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bansal |first1=Rashmi |title=Shine Bright |date=20 May 2019 |publisher=Westland |pages=292 |url=https://pdfcoffee.com/shine-bright-rashmi-bansal-pdf-free.html |access-date=4 April 2024}}</ref>

After his tenure in Tellicherry, Kant was appointed as the Managing Director of the Kerala State Co-operative Federation for Fisheries Development Ltd,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Special |first1=Correspondent |title=With another extension as Niti Aayog CEO, Amitabh Kant remains influential policymaker |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/with-another-extension-as-niti-aayog-ceo-amitabh-kant-remains-influential-policymaker/article35051260.ece |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=30 June 2021 |agency=The Hindu}}</ref> known as '[[Matsyafed]]'. In this role, he is credited with introducing fibreglass boats and outboard motor technology in the fisheries sector, as well as launching beach-level auctions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cover Story |url=https://www.bindugopalrao.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Amitabh-Kant.pdf |website=bindugopalrao |publisher=Hotelier India Awards 2022 |access-date=23 April 2024}}</ref>

As District Collector of [[Kozhikode]] (Calicut), he played a pivotal role in the expansion of the Calicut airport.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jacob |first1=Rahul |title=Lunch with BS: Amitabh Kant |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/lunch-with-bs-amitabh-kant-116011500618_1.html |access-date=4 April 2024 |agency=Business Standard |publisher=Business Standard |date=16 Jan 2016}}</ref> His efforts included revamping the [[Mananchira|Mananchira Maidan]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=I |first1=Sreenath |title=How Mananchira became the pride of Kozhikode residents |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/in-depth/manorama-news-conclave-2017/2017/06/03/how-mananchira-became-pride-kozhikode-residents.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=Malayala Manorama |publisher=OnManorama |date=3 June 2017}}</ref> reconstructing the building of the Kozhikode Public Library and Research Centre,<ref>{{cite news |author=Staff Reporter |title=Library Council takes over Mananchira public library |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/library-council-takes-over-mananchira-public-library/article18664085.ece |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=The Hindu |publisher=The Hindu |date=31 May 2017}}</ref> and organising the 'Malabar Mahotsav' cultural festival.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bansal |first1=Rashmi |title=Shine Bright |date=20 May 2019 |publisher=Westland |pages=292 |url=https://pdfcoffee.com/shine-bright-rashmi-bansal-pdf-free.html |access-date=23 April 2024}}</ref>

As Tourism Secretary in Kerala, Kant promoted the state as a tourist destination,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kerala tourism secretary job was seen as a lousy posting: Amitabh Kant |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/anniversary/story/20210104-the-kerala-tourism-secretary-job-was-seen-as-a-lousy-posting-1753041-2020-12-25 |access-date=2023-03-06}}</ref> and is credited with popularising the slogan "Kerala: God's Own Country" during his tenure.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Harikishan |title=The face behind India's G20 prep: Sherpa Amitabh Kant |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/the-face-behind-indias-g20-prep-sherpa-amitabh-kant-8930861/ |access-date=23 April 2024 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=10 September 2023}}</ref>

After his term in Kerala, Kant was appointed as Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Tourism in 2001, where he stayed till 2007.<ref>{{cite news |title=The making of an incredible story |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/the-making-of-an-incredible-story-50444-2009-06-20 |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=India Today Group |publisher=India Today |date=21 June 2009}}</ref> During this time, he conceived the 'Incredible India' campaign through [[Ogilvy and Mather]], intending to transform India into a sought-after tourist destination.<ref>{{cite news |title=How a punishment posting for Amitabh Kant gave birth to Incredible India campaign|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/advertising-news/how-a-punishment-posting-for-amitabh-kant-gave-birth-to-incredible-india-campaign-122240.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=exchange4media |publisher=exchange4media |date=6 September 2022}}</ref> He also conceptualised and executed the 'Atithi Devo Bhava' (Guest is God) campaign to train taxi drivers, tourist guides and immigration officials.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amitabh Kant gets two-year extension as Niti Aayog CEO |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/amitabh-kant-gets-two-year-extension-as-niti-aayog-ceo/articleshow/69958604.cms |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=Times of India |publisher=Times of India |date=26 June 2019}}</ref>

Later, as the Secretary of the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Kant drove initiatives such as "[[Make in India]]", "[[:simple:Startup India Start Up India|Start Up India]]" and "[[Ease of doing business index|Ease of Doing Business]]".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mathur |first1=Nandita |title=Amitabh Kant: The intention is to make India a hub of manufacturing |url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/dxn8eCtZ1VauUiOXShNzHL/Amitabh-Kant--The-intention-is-to-make-India-a-hub-of-manuf.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=The Mint |publisher=The Mint |date=15 February 2016}}</ref>

Kant was CEO of NITI Aayog from 2016 to 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Niti Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant gets another extension, till June 2022 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/niti-aayog-ceo-amitabh-kant-gets-another-extension-till-june-2022/articleshow/83958576.cms?from=mdr |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=The Economic Times |publisher=The Economic Times |date=29 June 2021}}</ref> During his tenure, he chaired Empowered Group 3 for COVID-19 management and initiated national-level projects like Asset Monetization and National Mission for Transformative Mobility. Additionally, he advocated for natural farming methods.
<ref>{{cite news |last1=Unknown |first1=Surabi |title=A man for all seasons: Here's what makes Amitabh Kant one of India's finest policymakers |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/deep-dive/story/a-man-for-all-seasons-heres-what-makes-amitabh-kant-one-of-indias-finest-policymakers-420904-2024-03-11 |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=Money Control |publisher=Money Control |date=17 March 2024}}</ref> In this role, he drove India's [[Aspirational Districts Programme]] (ADP), aimed at improving the socio-economic indicators of 112 of India's most backwards districts.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chatterji |first1=Saubhadra |title=UN arm's report praises govt over Aspirational Districts programme |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/un-arm-s-report-praises-govt-over-aspirational-districts-programme-101623445712970.html |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=Hindustan Times |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=12 June 2021}}</ref>

He served as India's [[G20]] Sherpa to Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] from 8 July 2022 till 16 June 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-08 |title=Amitabh Kant set to be India's G20 sherpa |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/amitabh-kant-set-to-be-india-s-g20-sherpa-101657220476643.html |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

''India Today's'' High & Mighty rankings of 2019 featured Kant as one of the most powerful people in India under the category of "The Supercrats - India's Top Bureaucrats".<ref>{{cite web |title=The most powerful people of India 2019 - Full list |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/the-most-powerful-people-of-india-2019-full-list-1574021-2019-07-26 |access-date=January 15, 2021 |work=India Today}}</ref>

==Publications==

Kant is the author of books ''Branding India-An Incredible Story'', ''Incredible India 2.0'', ''Made in India: 75 Years of Business and Enterprise'', ''The Elephant Moves: India's New Place in the World co-authored with Amit Kapoor'' and ''How India scaled Mt G20: The Inside Story of The G20''. He is also the editor of ''The Path Ahead- Transformative Ideas for India'' and has written over 500 articles in leading Indian and foreign publications.

== Honours ==
* [[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 2Class BAR.svg|55px|ribbon bar]] [[Order of the Rising Sun|The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star]] (2023)<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/files/100575204.pdf|title= 令和5年秋の外国人叙勲受章者名簿|access-date= November 3, 2023|work= Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
In December 2020, Kant attracted controversy after remarking at a public event, organized by [[Swarajya (magazine)|Swarajya magazine]], that enacting "tough reforms" were hard in India, since it is "too much of a democracy".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Tough Reforms Difficult in India, We Are Too Much of a Democracy,' Says Niti Aayog CEO |url=https://thewire.in/government/tough-reforms-difficult-in-india-we-are-too-much-of-a-democracy-says-niti-aayog-ceo |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Niti Aayog CEO's statement is a warning to the people |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/why-niti-aayog-ceos-statement-is-a-warning-to-the-people/cid/1800650 |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Niti Aayog's Kant denies saying India is 'too much of a democracy', Twitter users share event clip|url=https://scroll.in/latest/980656/niti-aayogs-kant-denies-saying-india-is-too-much-of-a-democracy-twitter-users-share-audio-clip|access-date=2020-12-09|website=Scroll.in|date=8 December 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hindustan Times withdraws report on Niti Aayog CEO's 'too much democracy' comment|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/12/08/hindustan-times-withdraws-report-on-niti-aayog-ceos-too-much-democracy-comment|access-date=2020-12-09|website=Newslaundry}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kant, Amitabh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:NITI Aayog members]]

Dus June Kii Raat

2026-01-30T01:54:34Z

RonaldKign: Creating A Info...

{{Short description|Indian TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Dus June Kii Raat.jpg
| caption = Promotional release poster
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| creator = [[Ekta Kapoor]]
| screenplay = Ranveer Pratap Singh
| story = Vibhuti Upadhyay
| director = [[Tabrez Khan]]
| creative_director =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Tusshar Kapoor]]|[[Priyanka Chahar Choudhary]] Shaan Groverr}}
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| theme_music_composer =
| composer = Sanchit Choudhary
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 23 
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = {{ubl|Sachin Mohite|[[Ekta Kapoor]]}}
| cinematography = Sachin Patekar
| editor =
| runtime = 30 minutes
| company = [[Balaji Telefilms]] [[Jaasvand Entertainment]]
| network = [[JioCinema]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2024|8|4}}
| last_aired =
}}
'''''Dus June Kii Raat''''' is an Indian Hindi-language [[Crime fiction|crime]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] television series directed by [[Tabrez Khan]]. Produced by Jaasvand Entertainment and [[Balaji Telefilms]], starring [[Tusshar Kapoor]] and Priyanka Chahar Choudhary.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tusshar Kapoor, Priyanka Chahar Choudhary Exclusive: On Dus June Kii Raat, Ektaa Kapoor, Golmaal |url=https://www.news18.com/videos/movies/tusshar-kapoor-priyanka-chahar-choudhary-exclusive-on-dus-june-kii-raat-ektaa-kapoor-golmaal-8992132.html |website=News18 |language=en |access-date=7 August 2024 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807075034/https://www.news18.com/videos/movies/tusshar-kapoor-priyanka-chahar-choudhary-exclusive-on-dus-june-kii-raat-ektaa-kapoor-golmaal-8992132.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It premiered on [[JioCinema]] on 4 August 2024.<ref>{{cite web | last=Khanam | first=Arshi | title=Dus June Kii Raat OTT release date – Here's how to watch Priyanka Chahar Choudhary's debut series | website=OTTPlay | date=31 July 2024 | url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/dus-june-kii-raat-ott-release-date-heres-how-to-watch-priyanka-chahar-choudharys-debut-series/33d6ee2a28608 | access-date=7 August 2024 | archive-date=7 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807075044/https://www.ottplay.com/news/dus-june-kii-raat-ott-release-date-heres-how-to-watch-priyanka-chahar-choudharys-debut-series/33d6ee2a28608 | url-status=live }}</ref> The second season premiered on 30 October 2024, with the cast reprising their roles

== Synopsis ==
A tale of Panauti, a hapless young man with notorious bad luck, and his quest to reopen his father's theatre. Packed with hilarious misadventures and colorful characters, his journey with cousin Battu for love and luck is a hilarious journey of fun, laughter and unintended consequences.

==Cast==
* [[Tusshar Kapoor]] as Panauti<ref>{{cite web |title=Dus June Kii Raat: Tusshar Kapoor talks real-life 'panauti', says 'sometimes people have very...' {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-dus-june-kii-raat-tusshar-kapoor-talks-real-life-panauti-says-sometimes-people-have-very-exclusive-3099624 |website=DNA India |language=en |access-date=7 August 2024 |archive-date=1 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801033414/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-dus-june-kii-raat-tusshar-kapoor-talks-real-life-panauti-says-sometimes-people-have-very-exclusive-3099624 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Priyanka Chahar Choudhary as Puppy<ref>{{cite web |title=Priyanka Chahar Choudhary recalls shooting Dus June Kii Raat 10 days after surgery: 'My stitches were...' {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-priyanka-chahar-choudhary-recalls-shooting-dus-june-kii-raat-10-days-after-surgery-my-stitches-were-exclusive-3099576 |website=DNA India |language=en |access-date=7 August 2024 |archive-date=1 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801165100/https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-priyanka-chahar-choudhary-recalls-shooting-dus-june-kii-raat-10-days-after-surgery-my-stitches-were-exclusive-3099576 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Shaan Groverr as Battu<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/shaan-groverr-stars-upcoming-web-series-dus-june-kii-raat-tusshar-kapoor-streaming-jio-cinema-august-4/ | title=Shaan Groverr stars in upcoming web series 'Dus June Kii Raat' with Tusshar Kapoor streaming on Jio Cinema from August 4 4 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=3 August 2024 | access-date=7 August 2024 | archive-date=4 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804025214/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/shaan-groverr-stars-upcoming-web-series-dus-june-kii-raat-tusshar-kapoor-streaming-jio-cinema-august-4/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
* Sumit Arora
* [[Bijou Thaangjam]] as Gogoi
* [[Rohit Gill]]
* Ravi Chauhan as Jacky

==Production==
The [[principal photography]] of the series commenced in January 2024.<ref>{{cite web | title=Ektaa R Kapoor and Tusshar Kapoor unite for Dus June Ki Raat series | website=Telegraph India | date=5 January 2024 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/ektaa-r-kapoor-and-tusshar-kapoor-unite-for-dus-june-ki-raat-series/cid/1991663 | access-date=7 August 2024 | archive-date=5 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105172539/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/ektaa-r-kapoor-and-tusshar-kapoor-unite-for-dus-june-ki-raat-series/cid/1991663 | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming of the series concluded in March 2024.<ref>{{cite web | last=Sehgal | first=Chirag | title=Priyanka Chahar Choudhary Completes First Schedule Of Her OTT Debut Dus June Ki Raat | website=News18 | date=6 March 2024 | url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/priyanka-chahar-choudhary-completes-first-schedule-of-her-ott-debut-dus-june-ki-raat-8805260.html | access-date=7 August 2024 | archive-date=16 July 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716002107/https://www.news18.com/entertainment/priyanka-chahar-choudhary-completes-first-schedule-of-her-ott-debut-dus-june-ki-raat-8805260.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The trailer of the series was released on 26 July 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dus June Ki Raat trailer: Tusshar Kapoor, Priyanka Chahar series to release on August 4 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/tusshar-kapoor-priyanka-chahar-choudhary-dus-june-ki-raat-ott-release-jiocinema-2572098-2024-07-26 |website=India Today |language=en |date=26 July 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |archive-date=30 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730104117/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/tusshar-kapoor-priyanka-chahar-choudhary-dus-june-ki-raat-ott-release-jiocinema-2572098-2024-07-26 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Archika Khurana of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the series 2/5 stars.<ref>{{cite web | last=Khurana | first=Archika | title=Dus June Kii Raat Season 1 Review: Tusshar Kapoor and Priyanka Chahar Choudhary's crime thriller is a missed opportunity | website=The Times of India | date=5 August 2024 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/dus-june-kii-raat/season-1/seasonreview/112278564.cms | access-date=7 August 2024 | archive-date=7 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807075045/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/dus-june-kii-raat/season-1/seasonreview/112278564.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> Mimansa Shekhar of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave the series 2/5 stars.<ref>{{cite web | last=Shekhar | first=Mimansa | title=Dus June Kii Raat Review: Tusshar Kapoor Show Is A Forced Whodunnit | website=Times Now | date=5 August 2024 | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/web-series/dus-june-kii-raat-review-tusshar-kapoor-show-is-a-forced-whodunnit-review-112320103 | access-date=7 August 2024 | archive-date=6 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806151825/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/web-series/dus-june-kii-raat-review-tusshar-kapoor-show-is-a-forced-whodunnit-review-112320103 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt30790577}}
* [https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/dus-june-kii-raat/4000942 ''Dus June Kii Raat''] on [[JioCinema]]

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]

{{India-tv-stub}}

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

2026-01-28T15:32:50Z

RonaldKign: updated citations and fixed typos

{{short description|NASA robotic spacecraft orbiting the moon}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
| image = Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 001.jpg
| image_caption = Illustration of LRO
| image_size = 275px
| mission_type = Lunar orbiter
| operator = [[NASA]]
| COSPAR_ID = 2009-031A
| SATCAT = 35315
| website = {{URL|lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/}}
| mission_duration = {{plainlist|
* Primary mission: 1 year<ref name="pds-mission">{{cite web |url=http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/lro/docs/lro_mission.txt |title=LRO Mission Description |work=PDS Geosciences Node |publisher=Washington University in St. Louis |date=September 24, 2012 |orig-year=2007 |access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref>
* Science mission: 2 years<ref name="pds-mission" />
* Extension 1: 2 years<ref name="pds-mission" />
* Extension 2: 2 years<ref name="science20140903">{{cite news |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/nasa-extends-seven-planetary-missions |title=NASA extends seven planetary missions |work=[[Science (magazine)|Science]] |first=Eric |last=Hand |date=September 3, 2014 |access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref>
* Elapsed: {{time interval|June 18, 2009|show=ymd|sep=,}}
}}
| manufacturer = [[NASA]]{{\}}[[Goddard Space Flight Center|GSFC]]
| launch_mass = {{convert|1916|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="lro-presskit">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/360020main_LRO_LCROSS_presskit2.pdf |title=Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO): Leading NASA's Way Back to the Moon |publisher=NASA |date=June 2009 |access-date=October 9, 2015 |id=NP-2009-05-98-MSFC |archive-date=October 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027111849/http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/360020main_LRO_LCROSS_presskit2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| dry_mass = {{convert|1018|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="lro-presskit" />
| payload_mass = {{convert|92.6|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="lro-presskit" />
| dimensions = Launch: {{convert|152|xx|108|xx|103|in|cm|order=flip|abbr=on}}<ref name="lro-presskit" />
| power = 1850 W<ref name="pds-craftdesc">{{cite web |url=http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/lro/docs/lro_insthost.txt |title=LRO Spacecraft Description |work=PDS Geosciences Node |publisher=Washington University in St. Louis |date=April 11, 2007 |access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref>
| launch_date = {{start date text|June 18, 2009, 21:32:00|timezone=yes}} UTC
| launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 401
| launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]] [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]]
| launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]]
| entered_service = {{start date and age|September 15, 2009}}
| disposal_type = 
| deactivated = 
| destroyed = 
| last_contact = 
| decay_date = 
| orbit_reference = [[Selenocentric orbit|Selenocentric]]
| orbit_semimajor = {{convert|1825|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| orbit_eccentricity =
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|20|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|165|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| orbit_inclination =
| orbit_period =
| orbit_epoch = May 4, 2015<ref name="nasa20150505">{{cite news |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/nasas-lro-moves-closer-to-the-lunar-surface |title=NASA's LRO Moves Closer to the Lunar Surface |publisher=NASA |first=Nancy |last=Neal-Jones |date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref>
| apsis = selene
| interplanetary = {{Infobox spaceflight/IP
|type = orbiter
|object = [[Moon]]
|arrival_date = June 23, 2009
|location = 
}}
| instruments_list = {{Infobox spaceflight/Instruments
| acronym1 = CRaTER | name1 = Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation
| acronym2 = DLRE | name2 = Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment
| acronym3 = LAMP | name3 = Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project
| acronym4 = LEND | name4 = Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector
| acronym5 = LOLA | name5 = Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter
| acronym6 = LROC | name6 = Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera
| acronym7 = Mini-RF| name7 = Miniature Radio Frequency
}}
| insignia = LRO mission logo (transparent background) 01.png
| insignia_size = 100px}}

The '''Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter''' ('''LRO''') is a NASA [[robotic spacecraft]] currently orbiting the [[Moon]] in an eccentric [[Polar orbit|polar mapping orbit]].<ref name="Petro2014">{{cite conference |url=http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/leag2014/pdf/3059.pdf |title=Five Years at the Moon With the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO): New Views of the Lunar Surface and Environment |conference=Annual Meeting of the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group. October 22–24, 2014. Laurel, Maryland. |publisher=[[Lunar and Planetary Institute]] |first1=N. E. |last1=Petro |first2=J. W. |last2=Keller |year=2014}}</ref><ref name="whereislro">{{cite web |url=http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/about/whereislro |title=The Current Location of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter |publisher=Arizona State University |access-date=September 24, 2014}}</ref> Data collected by LRO have been described as essential for planning NASA's future human and robotic missions to the Moon.<ref name="nasa20090416">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/lro_environment.html |title=LRO to Help Astronauts Survive in Infinity |publisher=NASA |first=Bill |last=Steigerwald |date=April 16, 2009 |access-date=July 13, 2016 |archive-date=August 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801013415/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/lro_environment.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its detailed mapping program is identifying safe landing sites, locating potential resources on the Moon, characterizing the radiation environment, and demonstrating new technologies.<ref name="overview">{{cite web |url=http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/mission.html |title=LRO Mission Overview |publisher=NASA |access-date=October 3, 2009}}</ref><ref name="mission design">{{cite conference |url=http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/library/IAC-07-C1_7_06.pdf |title=Mission design and operation considerations for NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter |conference=57th International Astronautical Congress. October 2–6, 2006. Valencia, Spain. |first1=Martin B. |last1=Houghton |first2=Craig R. |last2=Tooley |first3=Richard S. |last3=Saylor |date=2006 |id=IAC-07-C1.7.06}}</ref>

Launched on June 18, 2009,<ref name="launch">{{Cite web |url=http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/launch.html |title=Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: Launch |publisher=Goddard Space Flight Center |access-date=March 22, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214124135/http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/launch.html |archive-date=February 14, 2013}}</ref> in conjunction with the [[LCROSS|Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite]] (LCROSS), as the vanguard of NASA's [[Lunar Precursor Robotic Program]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://moon.msfc.nasa.gov/background.html |title=Lunar Precursor Robotic Program: Overview & History |first=Brian |last=Mitchell |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=August 5, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090730194146/http://moon.msfc.nasa.gov/background.html |archive-date=July 30, 2009}}</ref> LRO was the first United States mission to the Moon in over ten years.<ref name="Marcia">{{Cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory?id=7870018 |title=NASA launches unmanned Moon shot, first in decade |work=ABC News |agency=Associated Press |first=Marcia |last=Dunn |date=June 18, 2009 |access-date=August 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820194230/http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory?id=7870018 |archive-date=August 20, 2009}}</ref>
LRO and LCROSS were launched as part of the United States's [[Vision for Space Exploration]] program.

The probe has made a 3-D map of the Moon's surface at 100-meter resolution and 98.2% coverage (excluding polar areas in deep shadow),<ref name="space20111118">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/13666-moon-map-lunar-reconnaissance-orbiter.html |title=NASA Probe Beams Home Best Moon Map Ever |work=Space.com |date=November 18, 2011 |access-date=September 3, 2016}}</ref> including 0.5-meter resolution images of Apollo landing sites.<ref name="ScienceNASA">{{cite web |url=https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2005/11jul_lroc.htm |title=Abandoned Spaceships |publisher=NASA |first1=Tony |last1=Phillips |first2=Patrick L. |last2=Barry |date=July 11, 2005 |access-date=August 5, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808020433/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2005/11jul_lroc.htm |archive-date=August 8, 2009}}</ref><ref name="LROC Apollo">{{cite web |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=July 17, 2009 |title=LRO Sees Apollo Landing Sites |url=http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/featured_sites/1 |access-date= |website=LROC |publisher=NASA}}</ref> The first images from LRO were published on July 2, 2009, showing a region in the lunar highlands south of [[Mare Nubium]] (''Sea of Clouds'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/multimedia/lroimages/lroc_20090702_a.html |title=LRO's First Moon Images |publisher=NASA |editor-first=Robert |editor-last=Garner |date=July 2, 2009 |access-date=August 5, 2009 |archive-date=August 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808163647/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/multimedia/lroimages/lroc_20090702_a.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The total cost of the mission is reported as US$583 million, of which $504 million pertains to the main LRO probe and $79 million to the LCROSS satellite.<ref name="CNET">{{Cite news |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-19514_3-10268241-239.html |title=Atlas 5 rocket launches NASA Moon mission |work=CNet.com |first=William |last=Harwood |date=June 18, 2009 |access-date=June 18, 2009 |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103112957/http://news.cnet.com/8301-19514_3-10268241-239.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> LRO has enough fuel to continue operations until at least 2026.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/06/18/10-years-since-its-launch-nasa-lunar-orbiter-remains-crucial-for-planned-moon-landings/ |title=10 years since its launch, NASA lunar orbiter remains crucial for moon landings |work=Spaceflight Now |date=June 18, 2019 |access-date=June 20, 2019}}</ref>

==Mission==
[[File:Atlas V(401) launches with LRO and LCROSS.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.65|[[Atlas V]] carrying LRO and LCROSS]]
Developed at NASA's [[Goddard Space Flight Center]], LRO is a large ({{convert|1916|kg|lb|abbr=on|disp=x|/}}<ref name="CNET"/>) and sophisticated spacecraft. Its mission duration was planned for one year,<ref name="extension2">{{cite news |url=http://spacenews.com/culberson-promises-to-support-lunar-orbiter-mars-rover-missions/ |title=Culberson Pledges Protection for Lunar Orbiter, Mars Rover Missions |work=Space News |first=Jeff |last=Foust |date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=March 22, 2015}}</ref> but has since been extended numerous times after review by NASA.

After completing a preliminary design review in February 2006 and a critical design review in November 2006,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2006/lro_cdr.html |title=Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Successfully Completes Critical Design Review |publisher=NASA |editor-first=Lynn |editor-last=Jenner |date=December 6, 2006 |access-date=February 6, 2007}}</ref> the LRO was shipped from Goddard to [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station]] on February 11, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/releases/2009/release-20090211_prt.htm |title=NASA Lunar Spacecraft Ships South in Preparation For Launch |publisher=NASA |first1=Tracy |last1=Young |first2=Grey |last2=Hautaluoma |first3=Nancy |last3=Neal-Jones |date=February 11, 2009 |access-date=February 13, 2009}}</ref> Launch was planned for October 2008, but this slid to April as the spacecraft underwent testing in a thermal vacuum chamber.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/lro_thermalvac.html |title=Next Moon Mission Begins Thermal Vacuum Test |publisher=NASA |editor-first=Robert |editor-last=Garner |date=October 23, 2008 |access-date=August 9, 2009}}</ref> Launch was rescheduled for June 17, 2009, because of the delay in a priority military launch,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/atlas/av020/090401june.html |title=NASA's robotic return to the Moon delayed to June |work=Spaceflight Now |first=Justin |last=Ray |date=April 1, 2009 |access-date=August 9, 2009}}</ref> and happened one day later, on June 18. The one-day delay was to allow the [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'']] a chance to lift off for [[STS-127|mission STS-127]] following a hydrogen fuel leak that canceled an earlier planned launch.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-shuttle-idUSN0313466120090617 |title=Gas leak delays space shuttle launch for second time |work=Reuters |first=Irene |last=Klotz |date=June 17, 2009 |access-date=August 9, 2009}}</ref>

Areas of investigation include [[wikt:selenodetic|selenodetic]] global [[topography]]; the lunar [[polar region]]s, including possible [[lunar water|water ice]] deposits and the lighting environment; characterization of deep space [[ionizing radiation|radiation]] in lunar orbit; and high-resolution mapping, at a maximum resolution of {{convert|50|cm|in|abbr=on|disp=x|/pixel (|/pixel)}}, to assist in the selection and characterization of future landing sites.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/dec/HQ_04407_lunar_orbiter.html |title=NASA Selects Investigations for Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter |publisher=NASA |first1=Donald |last1=Savage |first2=Gretchen |last2=Cook-Anderson |date=December 22, 2004 |access-date=May 18, 2006 |id=04-407 |archive-date=March 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326133532/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/dec/HQ_04407_lunar_orbiter.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Klotz">{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-moon-idUSTRE55H6PJ20090618 |title=NASA launches probes to scout the Moon |work=Reuters |first=Irene |last=Klotz |date=June 18, 2009 |access-date=November 2, 2013}}</ref>

In addition, LRO has provided images and precise locations of landers and equipment from previous and current lunar missions, including the Apollo sites.<ref name="ScienceNASA" /> In 2024, it confirmed the highly accurate landing site of the first successful Japanese [[Smart Lander for Investigating Moon|SLIM]] soft landing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/posts/1358 |title=JAXA SLIM Landing |publisher=NASA/GSFC/LROC, School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University |author=Mark Robinson |date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>

==Instruments==
[[File:LRO payload.jpg|thumb|Onboard instruments]]

The orbiter carries a complement of six instruments and one technology demonstration:
; Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) : The primary goal of the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation is to measure and characterize local energy transfer by charged particles in lunar orbit and its biological impacts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://crater.bu.edu/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506185259/http://crater.bu.edu/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 6, 2006 |title=Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation |publisher=[[Boston University]] |access-date=August 5, 2009}}</ref>
; [[Diviner (radiometer)| Diviner]] : The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment measures lunar surface thermal emission to provide information for future surface operations and exploration.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.moon.ucla.edu |title=Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment/ |publisher=[[UCLA]] |access-date=August 5, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723104916/http://www.moon.ucla.edu/ |archive-date=July 23, 2008}}</ref>
; Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) : The [[Lyman-alpha line|Lyman-Alpha]] Mapping Project peers into permanently shadowed craters in search of water ice, using [[ultraviolet]] light generated by stars as well as the hydrogen atoms that are thinly spread throughout the [[Solar System]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/lamp/index.html |title=The Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project: Seeing in the Dark |publisher=[[Southwest Research Institute]] |first=Polly |last=Andrews |access-date=December 13, 2013}}</ref>
; Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) : The Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector provides measurements, creates maps, and detects possible near-surface water ice deposits.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://l503.iki.rssi.ru/LEND-en.html |title=Russian neutron detector LEND for NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter space mission |publisher=[[Russian Space Research Institute|Space Research Institute]] of the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]] |access-date=August 5, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406102630/http://l503.iki.rssi.ru/LEND-en.html |archive-date=April 6, 2012}}</ref>
; Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) : The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation provides a precise global [[Topography of the Moon|lunar topographic]] model and geodetic grid.
{{anchor|LROC}}

; Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) ''Narrow Angle Camera (NAC)'': The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera addresses the measurement requirements of landing site certification and polar illumination.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/ |title=The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera |publisher=[[Arizona State University]] |access-date=August 5, 2009}}</ref> LROC comprises a pair of narrow-angle cameras (NAC) and a single wide-angle camera (WAC).<ref name= "ASU_LROC">{{Cite web |first= School of Earth and Space Exploration|last=Arizona State University |title=LROC Specs |url=https://www.lroc.asu.edu/about/specs |website=Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera}}</ref> The two Narrow Angle Cameras feature a Cassegrain ([[Ritchey-Chretien]]) primary optics at f/3.59, with primary mirror diameter of 19.5 cm,<ref name= "ASU_LROC"/> using [[Push broom scanner|push-broom imaging]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasas-lro-snaps-a-picture-of-nasas-ladee-spacecraft/ |title=NASA's LRO Snaps a Picture of NASA's LADEE Spacecraft |first=Nancy |last=Neal-Jones |publisher=NASA |date=January 29, 2014 |access-date=February 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |url=http://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XXXIX-B4/483/2012/isprsarchives-XXXIX-B4-483-2012.pdf |title=Digital Elevation Models and Derived Products From LROC NAC Stereo Observations |conference=22nd ISPRS Congress. August 25 – September 1, 2012. Melbourne, Australia. |first1=K. N. |last1=Burns |first2=E. J. |last2=Speyerer |first3=M. S. |last3=Robinson |first4=T. |last4=Tran |first5=M. R. |last5=Rosiek |first6=B. A. |last6=Archinal |first7=E. |last7=Howington-Kraus |last8=The LROC Science Team |display-authors=5 |date=2012}}</ref> At its original altitude of about 50 km, each NAC images pixels about 0.5-meter across, and the swath, which is 5064 pixels wide, is about 2.5 km across. The orbit was raised in 2011 to be elliptical, reducing the resolution in parts of the orbit to 2.0 m/px.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arizona State University |title=Working with Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter LROC Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) Data |url=https://www.lroc.asu.edu/files/DOCS/LROC_NAC_Processing_Guide.pdf |website=Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera}}</ref>: LROC has flown several times over the historic [[Apollo program|Apollo]] [[lunar landing]] [[List of Apollo missions|sites]] at {{Convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} altitude. The [[Lunar Roving Vehicle]]s and [[Apollo Lunar Module|Lunar Module]] descent stages and their respective shadows are clearly visible, along with other equipment previously [[List of artificial objects on the Moon|left on the Moon]].
; Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) ''Wide Angle Camera (WAC)'': The WAC provides visible and UV images at a scale of 100 meters/pixel in seven color bands over a 60 km swath.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arizona State University |title=About LROC |url=https://www.lroc.asu.edu/about |website=Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera}}</ref> Image format is 1024 x 1024 pixels, with a field of view of 92° (monochrome), 61° (visible light), and 59° in the UV.<ref name= "ASU_LROC"/>
; [[Mini-RF]] : The Miniature Radio Frequency radar demonstrated new lightweight [[synthetic aperture radar]] (SAR) and communications technologies and located potential water-ice.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-06/19/content_11564558.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629090644/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-06/19/content_11564558.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 29, 2009 |title=Backgrounder: Introduction to LRO's instruments |work=[[Xinhua]] |editor-last=Yan |date=June 19, 2009 |access-date=August 5, 2009}}</ref>

==Names to the Moon==
Prior to the LRO's launch, [[NASA]] gave members of the public the opportunity to have their names placed in a microchip on the LRO. The deadline for this opportunity was July 31, 2008.<ref name="Huntsville">{{Cite news |url=http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/120980611528670.xml&coll=1 |title=We can't all go to Moon, but our names can |work=[[The Huntsville Times]] |first=Shelby G. |last=Spires |date=May 3, 2009 |access-date=August 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702223130/http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?%2Fbase%2Fnews%2F120980611528670.xml&coll=1 |archive-date=July 2, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> About 1.6 million names were submitted.<ref name="Huntsville"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/multimedia/million_names.html |title=1.6 Million Names to the Moon |publisher=NASA |editor-first=Lynn |editor-last=Jenner |date=June 9, 2009 |access-date=August 5, 2009 |archive-date=March 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317172533/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/multimedia/million_names.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Mission progress==
[[File:Goddard Spaceflight Center Laser Ranging Facility.jpg|thumb|left|In this image, the lower of the two green beams is from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's dedicated tracker.]]
[[File:Animation of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter trajectory around Earth.gif|thumb|right|Animation of LRO trajectory around Earth {{legend2|magenta|Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter}}{{·}}{{legend2|RoyalBlue|Earth}}{{·}}{{legend2|DarkGoldenrod|Moon}}]]
[[File:Animation of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter trajectory.gif|thumb|right|Animation of LRO{{'s}} trajectory from June 23, 2009, to June 30, 2009 {{legend2|magenta|LRO}}{{·}}{{legend2|DarkGoldenrod|[[Moon]]}}]]
On June 23, 2009, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter entered into orbit around the Moon after a four-and-a-half-day journey from the Earth. When launched, the spacecraft was aimed at a point ahead of the Moon's position. A mid-course correction was required during the trip in order for the spacecraft to correctly enter Lunar orbit. Once the spacecraft reached the [[far side of the Moon]], its rocket motor was fired in order for it to be captured by the Moon's gravity into an elliptical lunar orbit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/jun/HQ_09-144_LRO_moon_orbit.html |title=NASA Lunar Mission Successfully Enters Moon Orbit |publisher=NASA |first1=Grey |last1=Hautaluoma |first2=Ashley |last2=Edwards |first3=Nancy |last3=Neal-Jones |date=June 23, 2009 |access-date=July 3, 2009 |id=09-144 |archive-date=November 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122175801/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/jun/HQ_09-144_LRO_moon_orbit.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

A series of four rocket burns over the next four days put the satellite into its commissioning phase orbit where each [[#Onboard instruments|instrument]] was brought online and tested. On September 15, 2009, the spacecraft started its primary mission by orbiting the Moon at about {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} for one year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lroupdate.blogspot.com/2009/08/lro-status.html |title=LRO Status |work=Blogspot.com |first=Craig |last=Tooley |date=August 14, 2009 |access-date=August 22, 2009}}</ref> After completing its one-year exploration phase, in September 2010, LRO was handed over to NASA's [[Science Mission Directorate]] to continue the science phase of the mission.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://science.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-reconnaisance-orbiter/ |title=Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter |publisher=NASA |access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref> It would continue in its 50 km circular orbit, but eventually would be transitioned into a fuel-conserving "quasi-frozen"<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beckman |first=Mark |date=2007 |title=Mission Design for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20070021535 |journal=29th ANNUAL AAS GUIDANCE AND CONTROL CONFERENCE |pages=10–11}}</ref> elliptical orbit for the remainder of the mission.

NASA's LCROSS mission culminated with two lunar impacts at 11:31 and 11:36 UTC on October 9. The goal of the impact was the search for water in the [[Cabeus (crater)|Cabeus crater]] near the Moon's south pole,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/11aug_lcross/ |title=A Flash of Insight: LCROSS Mission Update |publisher=NASA |editor-first=Tony |editor-last=Phillips |date=August 11, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108093918/http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/11aug_lcross/|archive-date=January 8, 2016}}</ref> and preliminary results indicated the presence of both water and [[hydroxyl]], an ion related to water.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astrobio.net/topic/exploration/moon-to-mars/astrobiology-top-10-lcross-confirms-water-on-the-moon/ |title=Astrobiology Top 10: LCROSS Confirms Water on the Moon |work=Astrobiology Magazine |date=January 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929185903/https://www.astrobio.net/retrospections/astrobiology-top-10-lcross-confirms-water-on-the-moon/ |archive-date=2020-09-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |url=http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2010/pdf/2335.pdf |title=Water and More: An Overview of LCROSS Impact Results |conference=41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. March 1–5, 2010. The Woodlands, Texas. |first1=A. |last1=Colaprete |first2=K. |last2=Ennico |first3=D. |last3=Wooden |first4=M. |last4=Shirley |first5=J. |last5=Heldmann |first6=W. |last6=Marshall |first7=L. |last7=Sollitt |first8=E. |last8=Asphaug |first9=D. |last9=Korycansky |first10=P. |last10=Schultz |first11=B. |last11=Hermalyn |first12=K. |last12=Galal |first13=G. D. |last13=Bart |first14=D. |last14=Goldstein |first15=D. |last15=Summy |display-authors=5 |at=2335 |date=March 2010 |bibcode=2010LPI....41.2335C}}</ref>

On January 4, 2011, the [[Mini-RF]] instrument team for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) found that the Mini-RF radar transmitter had suffered an anomaly. Mini-RF has suspended normal operations. Despite being unable to transmit, the instrument is being used to collect [[bistatic radar]] observations using radar transmissions from the Earth. The Mini-RF instrument has already met its science mission success criteria by collecting more than 400 strips of radar data since September 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/main/index.html |title=LRO Instrument Status Update – 01.11.11 |publisher=NASA |date=January 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207181012/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/main/index.html |archive-date=February 7, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In January 2013, NASA tested one-way laser communication with LRO by sending an image of the ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' to the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument on LRO from the Next Generation Satellite Laser Ranging (NGSLR) station at NASA's [[Goddard Space Flight Center]] in Greenbelt, Maryland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/mona-lisa.html |title=NASA Beams Mona Lisa to Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter at the Moon |publisher=NASA |date=January 17, 2013 |access-date=October 9, 2015 |archive-date=August 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815071513/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/mona-lisa.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In May 2015, LRO's orbit was altered to fly {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} above the Moon's south pole, allowing higher resolution data to be obtained from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) and Diviner instruments over the permanently shadowed craters there.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/nasas-lro-moves-closer-to-the-lunar-surface |title=NASA's LRO Moves Closer to the Lunar Surface |publisher=NASA |first=Nancy |last=Neal-Jones |date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2016}}</ref>

In 2019, LRO found the crash site of Indian moon lander [[Vikram (spacecraft)|Vikram]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nasa-says-it-has-found-chandrayaan-2s-vikram-lander-on-moons-surface-tweets-photos-2142334 |title=Chennai Engineer Helps NASA Find Debris Of Chandrayaan-2 Moon Lander Vikram |work=NDTV |first=J. Sam Daniel |last=Stalin |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref>

In 2020, software was tested to use star trackers instead of the Miniature Inertial Measurement Unit that had been turned off in 2018 (as it was degrading).<ref name="nasa-20210211">{{Cite web |last=Steigerwald |first=Bill |date=February 11, 2021 |title=Teaching an Old Spacecraft New Tricks to Continue Exploring the Moon |url=https://www.nasa.gov/missions/teaching-an-old-spacecraft-new-tricks-to-continue-exploring-the-moon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904195521/https://www.nasa.gov/missions/teaching-an-old-spacecraft-new-tricks-to-continue-exploring-the-moon/ |archive-date=September 4, 2024 |publisher=[[NASA]] }}</ref>

LRO and the [[Chandrayaan-2]] orbiter were expected to come dangerously close to each other on 20 October 2021 at 05:45 UTC over the Lunar North pole. Chandrayaan-2 orbiter performed a [[Collision avoidance (spacecraft)|collision avoidance]] manoeuvre at 14:52 UTC on 18 October 2021 to avert the possible conjunction event.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter (CH2O) performs an evasive manoeuvre to mitigate a critically close approach with LRO - ISRO|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/15-nov-2021/chandrayaan-2-orbiter-ch2o-performs-evasive-manoeuvre-to-mitigate-critically|access-date=2021-11-15|website=www.isro.gov.in|archive-date=November 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115105649/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/15-nov-2021/chandrayaan-2-orbiter-ch2o-performs-evasive-manoeuvre-to-mitigate-critically|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Results==
[[File:LROtopography.jpg|thumb|LOLA data provides three complementary views of the near side of the Moon: the topography (left) along with maps of the surface slope values (middle) and the roughness of the topography (right). All three views are centered on the relatively young impact crater [[Tycho (lunar crater)|Tycho]], with the [[Orientale basin]] on the left side.]]

On August 21, 2009, the spacecraft, along with the [[Chandrayaan-1]] orbiter, attempted to perform a [[bistatic radar]] experiment to detect the presence of water ice on the lunar surface,<ref name="nasa-isro-release">{{Cite press release |title=NASA And ISRO Satellites Perform in Tandem To Search For Ice on the Moon |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/Mini-RF/news/tandem_search.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924174215/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/Mini-RF/news/tandem_search.html |archive-date=September 24, 2009 |access-date=August 22, 2009 |publisher=[[NASA]] }}</ref><ref name="isro-20090821">{{Cite press release |date=August 21, 2009 |title=ISRO-NASA Joint Experiment To Search for Water Ice on the Moon |url=http://isro.org/pressrelease/scripts/pressreleasein.aspx?Aug21_2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901112837/http://www.isro.org/pressrelease/scripts/pressreleasein.aspx?Aug21_2009 |archive-date=September 1, 2009 |access-date=August 22, 2009 |publisher=[[ISRO]] }}</ref> but the test was unsuccessful.<ref name="universetoday-20090910">{{Cite news |last=Atkinson |first=Nancy |date=September 10, 2009 |title=Anticipated Joint Experiment with Chandrayaan-1 and LRO Failed |url=https://www.universetoday.com/39811/anticipated-joint-experiment-with-chandrayaan-1-and-lro-failed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528164557/https://www.universetoday.com/39811/anticipated-joint-experiment-with-chandrayaan-1-and-lro-failed/ |archive-date=May 28, 2024 |access-date=March 26, 2012 |work=Universe Today }}</ref>

On December 17, 2010, a topographic map of the Moon based on data gathered by the LOLA instrument was released to the public.<ref name="nasa-gsfc-10-114">{{Cite press release |last1=Neal-Jones |first1=Nancy |last2=Steigerwald |first2=Bill |date=December 17, 2010 |title=NASA's LRO Creating Unprecedented Topographic Map of Moon |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/lola-topo-map.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416032208/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/lola-topo-map.html |archive-date=April 16, 2011 |publisher=[[NASA]] [[Goddard Space Flight Center]] |id=10-114 }}</ref> This is the most accurate topographic map of the Moon to date. It will continue to be updated as more data is acquired.

On March 15, 2011, the final set of data from the exploration phase of the mission was released to the NASA [[Planetary Data System]]. The spacecraft's seven instruments delivered more than 192 terabytes of data. LRO has already collected as much data as all other planetary missions combined.<ref name="nasa-gsfc-11-20">{{Cite press release |last1=Neal-Jones |first1=Nancy |last2=Zubritsky |first2=Elizabeth |date=March 15, 2011 |title=NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Delivers Treasure Trove of Data |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/terabytes.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416011038/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/terabytes.html |archive-date=April 16, 2011 |access-date=April 12, 2011 |publisher=[[NASA]] [[Goddard Space Flight Center]] |id=11-20 }}</ref> This volume of data is possible because the Moon is so close, LRO has its own dedicated ground station, and it doesn't have to share time on the [[Deep Space Network]]. Among the latest products is a global map with a resolution of {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=x|/pixel (|/pixel)}} from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC).

In March 2015, the LROC team reported having imaged the location of an impact whose flash was observed from Earth on March 17, 2013. The team found the crater by going back to images taken in the first year or two and comparing them to images taken after the impact, called temporal pairs. The images revealed splotches, small areas whose reflectance is markedly different from that of the surrounding terrain, presumably from disruption of the surface by recent impacts.<ref name="nasa-20150317">{{Cite web |last1=Cassis |first1=Nicole |last2=Neal-Jones |first2=Nancy |date=March 17, 2015 |title=NASA's LRO Spacecraft Finds March 17, 2013 Impact Crater and More |url=https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/nasas-lro-spacecraft-finds-march-17-2013-impact-crater-and-more/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528030746/https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/nasas-lro-spacecraft-finds-march-17-2013-impact-crater-and-more/ |archive-date=May 28, 2024 |access-date=April 7, 2016 |publisher=[[NASA]] }}</ref><ref name="icarus-252-229-235">{{Cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Mark S. |last2=Boyd |first2=Aaron K. |last3=Denevi |first3=Brett W. |last4=Lawrence |first4=Samuel J. |last5=McEwen |first5=Alfred S. |last6=Moser |first6=Danielle E. |last7=Povilaitis |first7=Reinhold Z. |last8=Stelling |first8=Richard W. |last9=Suggs |first9=Robert M. |date=May 2015 |title=New crater on the Moon and a swarm of secondaries |journal=[[Icarus (journal)|ICARUS]] |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=252 |pages=229–235 |bibcode=2015Icar..252..229R |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2015.01.019 |display-authors=5 }}</ref>

By September 2015, LROC had imaged nearly three-fourths of the lunar surface at high resolution, revealing more than 3,000 [[lobate scarp]]s. Their global distribution and orientation suggests that the faults are created as the Moon shrinks, with influence by gravitational tidal forces from Earth.<ref name="nasa-15-34">{{Cite press release |editor-last=Neal-Jones |editor-first=Nancy |editor2-last=Steigerwald |editor2-first=William |date=September 15, 2015 |title=LRO Discovers Earth's Pull is 'Massaging' our Moon |url=https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasas-lro-discovers-earths-pull-is-massaging-our-moon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610103841/https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasas-lro-discovers-earths-pull-is-massaging-our-moon/ |archive-date=June 10, 2024 |access-date=April 7, 2016 |publisher=[[NASA]] |id=15-34 }}</ref>

In March 2016, the LROC team reported the use of 14,092 NAC temporal pairs to discover over 47,000 new splotches on the Moon.<ref name="lpsc-2016-2645">{{Cite conference |last1=Speyerer |first1=E. J. |last2=Povilaitis |first2=R. Z. |last3=Robinson |first3=M. S. |last4=Thomas |first4=P. C. |last5=Wagner |first5=R. V. |date=March 2016 |title=Impact of Secondary Surface Changes on Regolith Gardening |url=https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2016/pdf/2645.pdf |conference=47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. March 21–25, 2016. The Woodlands, Texas. |location=The Woodlands, Texas |publisher=[[Lunar and Planetary Institute]] |bibcode=2016LPI....47.2645S |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729112907/https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2016/pdf/2645.pdf |archive-date=July 29, 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In July 2024, the analysis of the radar data obtained by LRO confirmed the presence of an underground cave on the Moon accessible from the surface.<ref name="newscientist-20240715">{{Cite magazine |last=Crane |first=Leah |date=July 15, 2024 |title=Deep pit on moon may be entrance to cave that could act as lunar base |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2439470-deep-pit-on-moon-may-be-entrance-to-cave-that-could-act-as-lunar-base/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727193748/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2439470-deep-pit-on-moon-may-be-entrance-to-cave-that-could-act-as-lunar-base/ |archive-date=July 27, 2024 |access-date=July 16, 2024 |magazine=[[New Scientist]] }}</ref><ref name="bbc-20240715">{{Cite news |last=Rannard |first=Georgina |date=July 15, 2024 |title=Moon cave discovered that could one day house humans |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce784r9njz0o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904192551/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce784r9njz0o |archive-date=September 4, 2024 |access-date=July 16, 2024 |work=[[BBC News]] }}</ref> The cave is said to be about 45 metres wide and at least 80 metres long, and present in the [[Mare Tranquillitatis]] (Sea of Tranquility), the ancient lava plain where the [[Apollo 11]] astronauts [[Neil Armstrong]] and [[Buzz Aldrin]] first set foot on the Moon.<ref name="busstd-20240716">{{Cite news |last=Dar |first=Yunus |date=July 16, 2024 |title=Good news for human explorers! Newly found cave could house crews on Moon |url=https://www.business-standard.com/world-news/good-news-for-human-explorers-newly-found-cave-could-house-crews-on-moon-124071600949_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720171327/https://www.business-standard.com/world-news/good-news-for-human-explorers-newly-found-cave-could-house-crews-on-moon-124071600949_1.html |archive-date=July 20, 2024 |work=[[Business Standard]] }}</ref>

The mission maintains a full list of publications with science results on its website.<ref name="lro-publications">{{Cite web |title=Publications by LRO Team |url=https://science.nasa.gov/mission/lro/lro-publications/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529173436/https://science.nasa.gov/mission/lro/lro-publications/ |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |access-date=April 7, 2016 |publisher=[[NASA]] }}</ref>
{{clear}}

==Gallery==
<gallery heights="140px" mode="packed" caption="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission photos">
File:LRO FirstImage.jpg|First LRO image (June 30, 2009)
File:Apollo11-LRO-March2012.jpg|[[Apollo 11]] landing site
File:Apollo 12 LRO.jpg|[[Apollo 12]] and [[Surveyor 3]] landing site
File:LRO Apollo14.jpg|[[Apollo 14]] landing site
File:LRO Apollo15.jpg|[[Apollo 15]] landing site
File:LRO Apollo16.jpg|[[Apollo 16]] landing site
File:LRO Apollo17.jpg|[[Apollo 17]] landing site
File:Apollo 17 LM Challenger LRO.png|Close up of [[Apollo 17]] ''Challenger'' descent stage
File:390497main surveyor1 enlarged.jpg|[[Surveyor 1]] landing site
File:LROviewsLADEEorbitingMOON-20140114.jpg|LRO views [[Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer|LADEE]] at a distance of {{convert|9|km|mi|abbr=on}}
File:LRO Chang'e 4, first look.png|[[Chang'e 4]] landing site
File:Chandrayaan-2 Vikram lander Impact Blink animation.gif|LRO views the [[Vikram lander]] crash site.
File:14284-Moon-Maskelyne-LRO-20141012.jpg|LRO view of [[irregular mare patch]], an extremely young terrain
File:Earthrise over Compton crater -LRO full res - edit1.jpg|Earthrise over [[Compton (crater)|Compton crater]]
</gallery>
<gallery caption="[[Moon|The Moon]]" heights="150px" mode="packed">
LRO WAC Nearside Mosaic.jpg |[[Near side of the Moon|Lunar near side]]
Moon Farside LRO.jpg |[[Far side of the Moon|Lunar far side]]
LRO WAC North Pole Mosaic (PIA14024).jpg|[[Lunar north pole]]
LRO WAC South Pole Mosaic.jpg|[[Lunar south pole]]
</gallery>
{{wide image|LRO Tycho Central Peak.jpg|600px|[[Tycho (lunar crater)|Tycho crater's]] central peak complex casts a long, dark shadow near local sunrise.}}
{{wide image|File:Spacecraft Pass Each Other at the Moon.webm|600px|[[GRAIL|GRAIL-B]] images LRO in lunar orbit.}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Spaceflight|Solar System}}
{{cmn|colwidth=30em|
* [[Exploration of the Moon]]
* [[LCROSS]]
* [[List of missions to the Moon]]
* [[Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer]]
* [[Lunar outpost (NASA)]]
* [[Lunar water]]
* ''[[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]]''
* [[SELENE]]
* [[THEMIS]]
* [[United Launch Alliance]]
* [[WIND (spacecraft)|''WIND'' spacecraft]]
* [[Zooniverse (citizen science project)#Moon Zoo|Zooniverse – Moon Zoo]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikinews|NASA launches two space probes to the Moon}}
* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/main/index.html Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter website] by NASA
* [http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter website] by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
* [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lro Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission profile] by NASA's Solar System Exploration
* [http://diviner.ucla.edu/ Diviner Instrument website] by UCLA
* [http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/ LROC Instrument website] by Arizona State University
* [http://wms.lroc.asu.edu/lroc LROC Web Map Service] by Arizona State University

{{Moon spacecraft}}
{{Planetary Missions Program Office|Discovery=y}}
{{GSFC}}
{{Solar System probes}}
{{Orbital launches in 2009}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter| ]]
[[Category:Missions to the Moon]]
[[Category:NASA space probes]]
[[Category:Space probes launched in 2009]]
[[Category:Satellites orbiting the Moon]]
[[Category:Laser communication in space]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Florida]]
[[Category:Space laser altimeters]]
[[Category:Space synthetic aperture radar]]

2008–09 Karnataka State Film Awards

2026-01-26T16:22:23Z

RonaldKign:

{{Short description|Annual Indian film awards ceremony}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 43
| award = Karnataka State Film Awards
| image =
| caption =
| awarded_for = Best Of Kannada Films in 2008
| last = [[2007–08 Karnataka State Film Awards|42nd]]
| next = [[2009–10 Karnataka State Film Awards|44th]]
}}
The '''[[Karnataka State Film Awards]] 2008–09''', presented by the [[Government of Karnataka]], recognised the best [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada-language films]] released in the year 2008-09.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/117899/yogesh-radhika-actors.html|title=Yogesh, Radhika best actors|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=4 December 2010}}</ref>

==Lifetime achievement award==

{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awarded As
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|{{*}}'''[[Dr. Rajkumar Award]]''' {{*}}'''[[Puttanna Kanagal Award]]''' {{*}}'''[[Lifetime Contribution to Kannada Cinema Award]]'''
|{{*}}[[B. Sarojadevi]] {{*}}[[Girish Karnad]] {{*}}Ajanta Raju and RNK Prasad
|{{*}}Actress {{*}}Director {{*}}Producers
|}

== Jury ==

The awardees were chosen by a jury headed by veteran director [[H. R. Bhargava]] from the 73 films shortlisted. The panel consisted of nine-member team.

== Film awards ==
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Producer
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Director
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Film|First Best Film]]'''
|''[[Kabaddi (2009 film)|Kabaddi]]''
|Anoop Gowda, N. Asha, D. V. Rajendra Prasad, G. K. Ravi, K. Raju, G. Kishor Kumar
|Narendra Babu
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Film|Second Best Film]]'''
|''[[Jhossh]]''
|S. Sanjay Babu
|Shivamani
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Film|Third Best Film]]'''
|''Shankara Punyakoti''
|Srinivas Sooda
|G. Murthy
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Social film|Best Film Of Social Concern]]'''
|''[[Mukhaputa]]''
|[[Narayan Hosmane]], Subraya Hosmane, [[Roopa Iyer]]
|[[Roopa Iyer]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Children film|Best Children Film]]'''
|''Chaitanya''
|
|A. K. Shivaraju
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Regional film|Best Regional Film]]'''
|''Ponnara Manasu'' ([[Kodava language]]) ''Sona'' ([[Lambadi|Lambadi language]])
|
|
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|}

== Other awards ==
{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awardee(s)
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Director|Best Direction]]'''
|''[[Kabaddi (2009 film)|Kabaddi]]''
|Narendra Babu
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]'''
|''[[Ambari (film)|Ambari]]''
|[[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]'''
|''[[Moggina Manasu]]''
|[[Radhika Pandit]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]'''
|''Gaggara''
|M. K. Math
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]'''
|''[[Vamshi (film)|Vamshi]]''
|[[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Child Actor (Male)|Best Child Actor]]'''
|''Nanda Deepa''
|Manoj
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Child Actor (Female)|Best Child Actress]]'''
|''Vimukthi''
|Saniya Iyer
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Direction]]'''
|''[[Taj Mahal (2008 film)|Taj Mahal]]''
|[[Abhimann Roy]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]'''
|''[[Ambari (film)|Ambari]]'' ("Yaare Nee Devatheya")
|[[Chetan Sosca]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]'''
|''Mandakini'' ("")
|[[Nanditha]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematography]]'''
|''[[Neenyare]]''
|K. M. Vishnuvardhan
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Editor|Best Editing]]'''
|''[[Junglee (2009 film)|Junglee]]''
|Deepu. S. Kumar
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyrics]]'''
|''[[Ganga Kaveri]]''
|[[K. Kalyan]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Sound Recording|Best Sound Recording]]'''
|''[[Psycho (2008 film)|Psycho]]''
|Kumar
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]'''
|''[[Neenyare]]''
|K. Raju
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Story|Best Story Writer]]'''
|''Ugragami''
|[[Baraguru Ramachandrappa]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]'''
|''[[Junglee (2009 film)|Junglee]]''
|[[Duniya Soori]]
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue Writer]]'''
|''[[Kabaddi (2009 film)|Kabaddi]]''
|Hu. Pattanashetty & Narendra Babu
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''Best Male Dubbing Artist'''
|''[[Antaragange]]''
|Ravindranath
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|'''Best Female Dubbing Artist'''
|''Shankara Punyakoti''
|Asha
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Karnataka State Film Awards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2008-09 Karnataka State Film Awards}}
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Awards]]

Adi Srinivasa perumal temple

2026-01-25T17:32:29Z

RonaldKign: improve formatting for accuracy

#REDIRECT [[Adi Srinivasa Perumal Temple]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Ayyanthole Karthyayani Temple

2025-12-28T05:43:24Z

RonaldKign: adding basic place basic info

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Kerala, India}}
{{Orphan|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Ayyanthole Karthyayani Temple
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| map_type = 
| map_caption = Location in Kerala
| coordinates ={{Coord|type:event|format=dms|display=inline,title}}

| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Thrissur District]]
| location = City of [[Thrissur]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Bhagavathi]]
| festivals= [[Thrissur Pooram]], Thrukkarthika Maholsavam
| architecture = [[Kerala]]
}}

'''Ayyanthole Karthyayani Bhagavathy Temple''' is a Hindu temple situated in [[Ayyanthole]], [[Thrissur]] city of [[Kerala|Kerala, India]]. [[Cochin Devaswom Board]] controls the temple. It is one of the 108 [[Durga]] temples in [[Kerala]]. The temple is a participant in the annual [[Thrissur Pooram]]. The Bhagavathy at the [[Chembukkavu]] temple is considered to be the younger sister of the Ayyanthole Karthyayani Bhagavathy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ayyanthole Karthyayani Bhagavathy Temple |url=https://thrissurpooramfestival.com/ayyanthole_temple.php |publisher=The Kerala Temples}}come

</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cochin Devaswom Board Temples |url=https://www.egazette.kerala.gov.in/pdf/2008/52/part4/devaswam.pdf |publisher=kerala.gov.in}}</ref> The presiding deity is [[Yogamaya]] who was born to [[Yashoda]] and Nand and was taken to Matura following a divine voice .Thus [[Krishna]] was taken to [[Gokul]].

At time [[Kamsa]] arrived, instead of a boy he fond a girl child. Trying to kill the child, the goddess stabbed Kamsa's shoulder, revealing her true identity and warning about his impending death.

== References ==
{{reflist|1}}
{{Hindu temples in Kerala}}

[[Category:Thrissur Pooram]]
[[Category:Devi temples in Kerala]]
[[Category:Durga temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Thrissur]]

{{Kerala-hindu-temple-stub}}

Sant Kabir Nagar Lok Sabha constituency

2025-12-20T22:56:51Z

RonaldKign: Created a details

{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Sant Kabir Nagar {{Small|UP-62}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Uttar Pradesh/Sant Kabir Nagar.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Sant Kabir Nagar Lok Sabha constituency
| incumbent_image = Samajwadi Party.png
| established = 2009–present
| party = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|20px]] {{Party index link|Samajwadi Party}}
| mp = [[Laxmikant|Pappu Nishad alias Laxmikant]]
| alliance = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|I.N.D.I.A.]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| preceded_by = [[Praveen Kumar Nishad]] {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| assembly_cons = [[Alapur Assembly constituency|Alapur]] [[Menhdawal Assembly constituency|Menhdawal]] [[Khalilabad Assembly constituency|Khalilabad]] [[Dhanghata Assembly constituency|Dhanghata]] [[Khajani Assembly constituency|Khajani]]
| reservation = None
}}
'''Sant Kabir Nagar Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 80 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Uttar Pradesh]] state in northern [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> This [[Sant Kabir Nagar]] constituency came into existence in 2009 as a part of the implementation of [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] of parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] constituted in 2002.

==Vidhan Sabha Segments==
Presently, Sant Kabir Nagar Lok Sabha constituency comprises five [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:
{| class="wikitable"
! No
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2"|Party
! colspan="2"|2024 Lead
|-
|279
|[[Alapur Assembly constituency|Alapur]] (SC)
|[[Ambedkar Nagar district|Ambedkar Nagar]]
|[[Tribhuvan Dutt|Tribhuwan Dutt]]
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|312
|[[Menhdawal Assembly constituency|Menhdawal]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Sant Kabir Nagar district|Sant Kabir Nagar]]
|Anil Kumar Tripathi
|{{party name with color|NISHAD Party}}
|-
|313
|[[Khalilabad Assembly constituency|Khalilabad]]
|Ankur Tiwari
|{{party name with color|BJP|rowspan=3}}
|-
|314
|[[Dhanghata Assembly constituency|Dhanghata]] (SC)
|Ganesh Chandra
|-
|325
|[[Khajani Assembly constituency|Khajani]] (SC)
|[[Gorakhpur district|Gorakhpur]]
|[[Sriram Chauhan]]
|{{party name with color|BJP}}
|-
|}
Mehdawal and Khalilabad Vidhan Sabha segments were earlier part of the erstwhile Khalilabad Lok Sabha constituency.

==Members of Lok Sabha==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|colspan=4|{{center|''Till 2008 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Bhishma Shankar Tiwari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Sharad Tripathi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Praveen Kumar Nishad|Praveen Nishad]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Laxmikant]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]] Sant Kabir Nagar<ref name="Sant Kabir Nagar Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Sant Kabir Nagar Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/sant-kabir-nagar |accessdate=25 June 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625131155/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/sant-kabir-nagar |archivedate=25 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Sant Kabir Nagar">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Sant Kabir Nagar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2462.htm |access-date=25 June 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625131148/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2462.htm |archive-date=25 June 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=[[Laxmikant (Pappu Nishad)]]|votes=4,98,695|percentage=45.70|change={{increase}}45.70}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=BJP|candidate=[[Praveen Kumar Nishad]]|votes=4,06,525|percentage=37.25|change={{decrease}}6.72}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate =Nadeem Ashraf
|votes =1,50,812
|percentage = 13.82
|change ={{decrease}}26.79
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=9,227|percentage=0.85|change={{decrease}}0.34}}
{{Election box majority||votes=92,170|percentage=8.45|change={{increase}}5.09}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,91,202|percentage=52.67|change={{decrease}}1.53}}

{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner =Samajwadi Party
|loser =BJP
|swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Sant Kabir Nagar<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |title=General Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Praveen Kumar Nishad]]|votes=4,67,543|percentage=43.97|change=+9.50}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Bhishma Shankar Tiwari]]|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=4,31,794|percentage=40.61|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Bhalchandra Yadava|Bhal Chandra Yadav]]|votes=1,28,506|percentage=12.08|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above|None of the Above]]|votes=12,631|percentage=1.19|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=35,749|percentage=3.36|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,63,925|percentage=54.20|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Sant Kabir Nagar<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Sharad Tripathi]]
|votes = 3,48,892
|percentage = 34.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Bhismshankar|Bhism Shankar (Kushal Tiwari)]]
|votes = 2,50,914
|percentage = 24.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Bhalchandra Yadava|Bhal Chandra Yadav]]
|votes = 2,40,169
|percentage = 23.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Peace Party of India
|candidate = Rajaram
|votes = 69,193
|percentage = 6.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Rohit Kumar Pandey
|votes = 22,029
|percentage = 2.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 4,747
|percentage = 0.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 97,978
|percentage = 9.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,12,133
|percentage = 53.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Khalilabad Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Sant Kabir Nagar district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/uttar_pradesh/sant_kabir_nagar/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Sant Kabir Nagar lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|26.73|83.02|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sant Kabir Nagar Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sant Kabir Nagar district]]

Tiruchirappalli Bicycle Share

2025-12-08T17:06:32Z

RonaldKign: Created a details

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{update|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox public transit
| box_width =
| name = Tiruchirappalli Bicycle Share
| image =
| alt =
| imagesize =
| image2 =
| alt2 =
| imagesize2 =
| image3 =
| alt3 =
| imagesize3 =
| caption =
| owner = [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
| transit_type = [[Bicycle sharing system]]
| lines =
| stations = 50
| ridership =
| annual_ridership =
| chief_executive =
| headquarters = [[Tiruchirappalli]]
| website =
| callcentre =
| began_operation = Project was cancelled on 2019
| ended_operation =
| operator = [[Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation]]
| marks =
| host =
| vehicles =
| train_length =
| headway =
| system_length =
| notrack =
| track_gauge =
| ogauge =
| minimum_radius_of_curvature = 
| el =
| average_speed = 
| top_speed = 
| osm_id =
| map =
| map_name =
| map_state = show
}}

'''Tiruchirappalli Bicycle Share''' was a proposed [[bicycle sharing system]] for the city of [[Tiruchirappalli]].

== Background ==
In November 2013, the two-day conference on "Sustainable Cities Through Transport" at [[Coimbatore]], with respective city engineers from [[Madurai]], [[Tiruchirappalli|Tiruchi]], [[Tirupur]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] and Coimbatore, stressed for improving non–motorised transport in city corporations and town municipalities<ref name=cities>{{cite news|title=Cities other than Chennai to be developed|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/cities-other-than-chennai-to-be-developed/article5404359.ece|accessdate=16 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=29 November 2013|location=[[Coimbatore]]}}</ref><ref name=icamp>{{cite journal|title=India-California Air Pollution Mitigation Program (ICAMP)|date=December 2013|volume=1|issue=1|page=7|url=http://www-ramanathan.ucsd.edu/about/icamp/ICAMP%20Newsletter-13-dec.pdf|accessdate=16 February 2014|publisher=[[The Energy and Resources Institute]]|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> and also chalked out plans for creation of transit systems, pedestrian pathways, cycling tracks, parks, pedestrian zones, etc.<ref name=plan>{{cite news|last=Karthik|first=Madhavan|title=Planning engineers come together to improve mobility in Coimbatore|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/planning-engineers-come-together-to-improve-mobility-in-coimbatore/article5407675.ece|accessdate=12 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=30 November 2013|location=[[Coimbatore]]}}</ref> While presenting the same at a workshop in Chennai by concerned Corporation officials, chaired by [[K. P. Munusamy]], State Minister of [[Local Bodies in Tamil Nadu|Municipal Administration and Rural Development]], Law, Courts and Prisons and officials of the ministry,<ref name=state>{{cite news|title=Major TN cities to focus on cost-effective modes of transport|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/states/major-tn-cities-to-focus-on-costeffective-modes-of-transport/article5610229.ece|accessdate=12 February 2014|newspaper=[[Business Line]]|date=23 January 2014|agency=[[The Hindu]]|location=[[Chennai]]}}</ref><ref name=kpm>{{cite news|title=TN Cities Chalk Out Plans For Non-Motorised Transport, BRTS|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/TN-Cities-Chalk-Out-Plans-For-Non-Motorised-Transport-BRTS/2014/01/24/article2016914.ece#.Uvoh9YXQqT4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124064543/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/TN-Cities-Chalk-Out-Plans-For-Non-Motorised-Transport-BRTS/2014/01/24/article2016914.ece#.Uvoh9YXQqT4|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 January 2014|accessdate=12 February 2014|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=24 January 2014|location=[[Chennai]]}}</ref> the Corporation Commissioner of Tiruchi City, V. P. Thandapani declared that about 2000 bicycles will be put to use for public use and on the infrastructure front, he stated that at an outlay of {{INRConvert|150|c}}, {{convert|28|km}} of cycling tracks, {{convert|52|km}} of pedestrian pathways and {{convert|11|km}} of green lines will be constructed, of which, {{convert|10.7|km}} of cycle tracks will be completed by next year.<ref name=green>{{cite news|title=திருச்சி: ஓராண்டுக்குள் 2 ஆயிரம் பொது பயன்பாட்டு சைக்கிள்கள்|url=http://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2014/01/24/திருச்சி-ஓராண்டுக்குள்-2-ஆயி/article2016852.ece|accessdate=16 February 2014|newspaper=[[Dinamani]]|date=24 January 2014|location=[[Chennai]]|language=Tamil|trans-title=Tiruchi:2000 bicycles will be put to public use within a year}}</ref>

The plan was developed in association with [[Institute for Transportation and Development Policy]] (ITDP) and [[International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives]] (ICLEI) is being funded by [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Ministry of Urban Development]] would create exclusive bicycle lanes with 66 "cycle sharing stations", besides improving the city's road infrastructure and future transport modes, which presently has narrow roads and indiscriminate encroachments coupled with booming vehicle population.<ref name=corp>{{cite news|last=S. Ganesan|title=Corporation draws up long-term plan for BRTS|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/corporation-draws-up-longterm-plan-for-brts/article5630304.ece|accessdate=12 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=29 January 2014|location=[[Tiruchi]]}}</ref>

As of December 2019, the Trichy City Corporation has dropped its bicycle sharing project.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Karthik|first=Deepak|date=December 25, 2019|title=It's official: Corporation has shelved cycle sharing project |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/its-official-corporation-has-shelved-cycle-sharing-project/articleshow/72961176.cms|access-date=2020-06-19|website=The Times of India|agency=TNN|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of bicycle sharing systems]]
* [[Utility cycling]]
* [[Human-powered transport]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite web|title=Bicycle Sharing System of India|url=http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/Raj%20Janagam.pdf|work=[[Centre for Science and Environment]]|accessdate=12 February 2014|author=Raj Janagam|date=22 March 2012}}
* {{cite web|title=Toolkit for public cycle sharing systems|url=http://urbanindia.nic.in/programme/ut/PublicCycleSharingToolkit.pdf|work=[[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Ministry of Urban Development]]|accessdate=12 February 2014|date=June 2012}}
* {{cite journal|title=Promotion of non-motorized modes as a sustainable transportation option: policy and planning issues|journal=[[Current Science]]|date=10 May 2011|volume=100|issue=9|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/100/09/1340.pdf|accessdate=15 February 2014|author=Rajat Rastogi|issn=0011-3891}}

==External links==
* [http://www.trichycorporation.gov.in/ Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation - Official Website]
{{Bicycle sharing systems}}
{{Transport in Tiruchirappalli}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiruchirappalli Bicycle Share}}
[[Category:Road transport in Tiruchirappalli|Bicycle Share]]
[[Category:Proposed public transport in India]]
[[Category:Community bicycle programs]]
[[Category:Utility cycling]]
[[Category:Cycling in India]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Bicycle sharing in India]]

Satpura Thermal Power Station

2025-12-04T05:41:36Z

RonaldKign: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|Power plant in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox power station
| name = Satpura Thermal Power Station
| name_official =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| location_map_size =
| location_map_caption= Location of Satpura Thermal Power Station
| coordinates = {{coord|22|6|40|N|78|10|24|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| country = India
| location = [[Sarni, India|Sarni]], [[Betul district|Betul]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| status = O
| operator = [[M.P. Power Generation Company Limited|MPPGCL]]
| th_fuel_primary = [[Coal]]
| th_fuel_tertiary = FURNACE OIL/HSD
| ps_units_operational= 6
| ps_electrical_capacity= 1330 MW
| commissioned = 1967
| extra = [http://mppgenco.nic.in www.mppgenco.nic.in]
}}
'''Satpura Thermal Power Station''' is located at [[Sarni, India|Sarni]] in [[Betul district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. The power plant is one of the [[Coal-fired power station]]s of [[M.P. Power Generation Company Limited|MPPGCL]].

==Power plant==
Satpura Thermal Power Station has eleven Units, five has been decommissioned and dismantled, four are non-operational while the rest two are operational.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://mppgcl.mp.gov.in/stps-sarni.html | title=M.P. Power Generating Company Limited }}</ref> The Water for the plant is procured from nearby Satpura Dam Reservoir, which spread in {{convert|2893|acre|km2}}. The Dam was built for the purpose of power generation.

==Installed capacity==
Satpura Thermal Power Station was the largest power plant of Madhya Pradesh till 2007 with an installed capacity of 1142.5 Megawatt. From year 2019 onwards it is the third largest power plant of MPPGCL in Madhya Pradesh. From year 2014 onwards with the commissioning of 2 units of 250 MW each and decommissioning of 5 units of 62.5 MW each, the installed capacity of Satpura Thermal Power Station is 1330 MW.

In 2007 with the commissioning of a 500 MW unit at [[Sanjay Gandhi Thermal Power Station]] the Satpura Thermal Power Station turned second largest power plant with the largest being Sanjay Gandhi Thermal Power Station which has an installed capacity of 1340 MW.

In year 2018 a unit of 660 MW capacity was commissioned at [[Shree Singaji Thermal Power Project]], it raised the installed capacity from 1200 MW to 1860 MW making it the largest power station of MPPGCL. In 2019 a unit of 660 MW was commissioned, it further raised the installed capacity to 2520 MW.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mppgcl.mp.gov.in/mpgenco-install-detail.html |title= M.P.Power Generating Company Limited Installation Details}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mppgcl.mp.gov.in/stps-sarni.html |title=M.P.Power Generating Company Limited STPS Sarni}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mppgcl.mp.gov.in/sgtps-brs.html |title=M.P.Power Generating Company Limited SGTPS Birsinghpur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mppgcl.mp.gov.in/sstps-khandwa.html |title=M.P.Power Generating Company Limited SSTPS Khandwa}}</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Stage !! Unit Number !! Installed Capacity ([[Watt#Megawatt|MW]]) !! Date of Commissioning !! Status !! TG set Provider<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mppgenco.nic.in/stps-sarni.htm |title=M.P.Power Generating Company Limited |access-date=2 September 2010 |archive-date=12 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612000905/http://www.mppgenco.nic.in/stps-sarni.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> !! [[Boiler]] Provider<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mppgenco.nic.in/stps-sarni.htm |title=M.P.Power Generating Company Limited |access-date=2 September 2010 |archive-date=12 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612000905/http://www.mppgenco.nic.in/stps-sarni.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| First || 1 || 62.5 || 1967 October || Decommissioned || [[GE]], USA || The [[Babcock & Wilcox]] Company (B&W), USA
|-
| First || 2 || 62.5 || 1968 March || Decommissioned 2013 December || GE, USA || The Babcock & Wilcox Company (B&W), USA
|-
| First || 3 || 62.5 || 1968 May || Decommissioned 2012 October || GE, USA || The Babcock & Wilcox Company (B&W), USA
|-
| First || 4 || 62.5 || 1968 July || Decommissioned 2013 December || GE, USA || The Babcock & Wilcox Company (B&W), USA
|-
| First || 5 || 62.5 || 1970 April || Decommissioned 2013 February || GE, USA || The Babcock & Wilcox Company (B&W), USA
|-
| Second || 6 || 200 || 1979 July || Non-operational || [[BHEL]], India || BHEL, India
|-
| Second || 7 || 210 || 1980 September || Non-operational || BHEL, India || BHEL, India
|-
| Third|| 8 || 210 || 1983 January || Non-operational || BHEL, India || BHEL, India
|-
| Third || 9 || 210 || 1984 February || Non-operational || BHEL, India || BHEL, India
|-
| Fourth || 10 || 250 || 2013 August || Operational || BHEL, India || BHEL, India
|-
| Fourth || 11 || 250 || 2014 March || Operational || BHEL, India || BHEL, India
|-
|-
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Energy|India}}
* [[Sanjay Gandhi Thermal Power Station]]
* [[Amarkantak Thermal Power Station]]
* [[Shree Singaji Thermal Power Project]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Power Generation Company Limited]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Electricity generation}}
{{Power Plants of Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Coal-fired power stations in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Betul district]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

{{India-powerstation-stub}}

Palghar district

2025-11-24T05:33:24Z

RonaldKign: update

{{About|the district|its eponymous subdistrict (taluka)|Palghar}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Palghar district
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Maharashtra|District of Maharashtra]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = View from Kosbad Hill, Dahanu, Thane - panoramio.jpg
|photo1b = Chimaji Appa Memorial 01.jpg
|photo2a = Jaivilas Palace, Jawhar.jpg
|photo2b = Sunset,Dahanu Beach - panoramio.jpg
|photo3a = JivDani,Virar - panoramio (31).jpg
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: View from Kosbad Hill, [[Chimaji Appa]] memorial at [[Fort Bassein|Vasai Fort]], Sunset at beach in [[Dahanu]], View of [[Virar]] from Jivdani Hill, Jai Vilas Palace in [[Jawhar]]
| nickname =
| image_map = Palghar in Maharashtra (India).svg
| image_map1 =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in [[Maharashtra]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.697029|N|72.771249|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Maharashtra|Division]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Konkan division|Konkan]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 21 August 2016{{Citation needed|reason=a reference is needed for this information|date=February 2018}}
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Palghar]]
| governing_body = '''Palghar Zilla Parishad'''
| leader_title = Guardian Minister
| leader_name = '''[[Ganesh Naik]]''' {{small|([[Government of Maharashtra|Cabinet Minister Mha]])}}
| leader_title1 = President Z. P. Palghar
| leader_name1 = '''NA'''
| leader_title2 = District Collector
| leader_name2 = '''Mr. Dr. Manik Gursul (IAS)'''
| leader_title3 = CEO Z. P. Palghar
| leader_name3 = '''NA'''
| leader_title4 = [[List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha|MPs]]
| leader_name4 = '''[[Hemant Savara]]''' {{small|([[Palghar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palghar]])}}
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 5344
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2990116
| population_as_of = 2011 Census
| population_footnotes = {{Citation needed|reason=a reference is needed for this information|date=February 2018}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban = 1435210
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 401xxx, 402xxx, 403xxx, 404xxx, 405xxx, 406xxx
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MH]]
| registration_plate = MH-04 (Thane RTO), MH-48 (Palghar District RTO)
| website = {{URL|https://palghar.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi Language|Marathi]]
| official_name =
}}
'''Palghar district''' ([[Marathi language|Marathi]] pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[paːlɡʱəɾ]]]) is a [[Districts of Maharashtra|district]] in the [[Konkan division]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/palghar-becomes-maharashtra-36th-district/15497159|title=Palghar becomes Maharashtra's 36th district|date=7 August 2014|work=mid-day}}</ref> The headquarters of the district is the town of [[Palghar]]. Other major cities in the district are [[Vasai-Virar]], [[Talasari]], [[Jawhar]] and [[Dahanu]].

On 1 Aug 2014, the [[Government of Maharashtra]] announced the formation of Palghar as the 36th district of Maharashtra. It was carved out of [[Thane district]]. Palghar District starts from [[Dahanu]] in the north and ends at [[Naigaon]]. It comprises the talukas of [[Palghar]], [[Vada, Palghar|Vada]], [[Vikramgad]], [[Jawhar]], [[Mokhada]], [[Dahanu]], [[Talasari]] and [[Vasai]]. At the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], the talukas now comprising the district had a population of 2,990,116.<ref name=Collector>{{cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/bangar-named-as-the-first-collector-of-palghar-district-114072301297_1.html | title=Bangar named as the first collector of Palghar district | newspaper=[[Business Standard]] | date=23 July 2014 | access-date=15 September 2014}}</ref>

Palghar has an urban population of 1,435,210, that is 48% of total population is living in Urbanized Area. Palghar has all the three categories of the lifestyles, Urban (Nagari), Coastal (Sagari) and Mountains-Hilly Region (Dongari). Palghar District is blessed by beautiful beaches as it is the part of konkan such as "Shirgaon Beach", "Kelve Beach", "Vadrai Beach", "Dahanu Beach", "Bordi Beach", "Chinchani Beach", "Arnala Beach", "Rajodi Beach", "Suruchi Beach", "Kalamb Beach", "Bhuigaon Beach" etc. The district is bounded by Thane and [[Nashik district]]s in the east and northeast, and by the [[Valsad district]] of [[Gujarat]] state and the [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] district of the [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] union territory in the north. The [[Arabian Sea]] forms the western boundary, while the whole district falls under the fastest developing northern part of [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]. Basically people of Palghar District population belong to Tribal-Konkni, Warli, koli, Agri..

==Officer==

===Members of Parliament===

'''[[Hemant Savara]]''' ([[BJP]]) {{small|([[Palghar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palghar]])}}

===Guardian Minister===
{{Infobox Political post
| post = Guardian Minister Palghar
| native_name = '''पालकमंत्री पालघर '''
| insignia = Emblem_of_India.svg
| insigniasize = 50px
| insigniacaption = Emblem of India
| image =
| incumbent = [[Ganesh Naik]]
| incumbentsince = 24 September 2022
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| imagesize =
| termlength = 5 years / No time limit
| appointer = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]
| residence = Palghar
| formation =
| succession =
| website = {{URL|http://palghar.gov.in/en/}}
}}

====list of Guardian Minister ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Term of office
|-
| '''[[Vishnu Sawra]]'''
| 31 October 2014 - 8 November 2019
|-
| '''[[Dadaji Bhuse]]'''
|9 January 2020 - 27 June 2022
|-
| '''[[Aditi Sunil Tatkare]]''' ''Additional charge''
| 27 June 2022 - 29 June 2022
|-
| '''[[Ravindra Chavan]]'''
| 24 September 2022 - Incumbent
|}

===District Magistrate/Collector===

{{Infobox Political post
| post = District Magistrate / Collector Palghar
| native_name = '''जिल्हाधिकारी तथा जिल्हदंडाधिकरी पालघर '''
| insignia = Emblem_of_India.svg
| insigniasize = 50px
| insigniacaption = Emblem of India
| image =
| incumbent = Indurani Jakhad (IAS)
| incumbentsince = 2024|
| imagesize =
| termlength = No time limit
| appointer = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| residence = At Palghar District
| formation =
| website = {{URL|http://palghar.gov.in/en/}}
}}

====List of District Magistrate / Collector ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Term of office
|-
|'''Dr. Manik Gursul (IAS)'''
|2018 - 2022
|-
| '''Mr. Govind Bodke (IAS)'''
|2022 - Incumbent
|}

==History==
Until 1 August 2014, the talukas now comprising Palghar District formed a part of Thane District. After a struggle and demand for almost 25 years, for bifurcation, the creation of the new district was approved by the Cabinet of Maharashtra on 13 June 2014 and the new district of Palghar came into existence on 1 August.

==Geography==
The district is the northernmost part of the Konkan lowlands of Maharashtra. It comprises the wide, amphitheater-like [[Ulhas]] basin on the south and the hilly [[Vaitarna]] valley on the north, together with plateaus and the slopes of [[Western Ghats|Sahyadri]]. From the steep slopes of the Sahyadri in the east, the land falls through a succession of plateaus in the north and centre of the district to the Ulhas valley in the south. The distance from the parts of different palaces to headquarters Palghar, by road is as follows: Khodala 138 km, Mokhada 112 km, Jawhar 75 km, Vikramgad 60 km.

Palghar can be separated into three geographical regions.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=Geographical Information {{!}} District Palghar, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India |url=https://palghar.gov.in/en/geographical-information-2/ |access-date=2023-05-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> The Eastern part of the [[Western Ghats]], or Sahyadri mountains, is called ''jangalapatti''. This mainly encompasses the Jawhar, Mokhada, and Vikramgad talukas. The western part of the mountains district is called ''bandarpatti'' which includes Vasai, Palghar, Dahanu. The third section is characterized by broad and flat land, including the Wada taluka.

The main river flowing through the district is the Vaitarna. The river has many tributaries; the most important of them are Barvi and [[Bhatsa]], Pinjal, [[Surya]], Daherja and [[Tansa River|Tansa]]. Vaitarna, the largest of Konkan Rivers rises in the Trimbakeshwar hills in Nashik district, opposite to the source of [[Godavari]]. The river flows across [[Shahapur taluka|Shahapur]], Vada and Palghar talukas and enter the Arabian Sea through a wide estuary off Arnala. Vaitarna River is 154 km long and has a drainage area that practically covers the entire northern part of the district. In Palghar many students come for studying from outer areas. Ulhas river which flows to Arabian sea is Vasai creek, district's southern border. Arnala Island is located in Vasai taluka, at the entrance to the Vaitarna estuary.

The Palghar district gets some of the most rainfall in all of Maharashtra, an average 3000 mm (118 in) every year.<ref name=":03"/> Given its proximity to Mumbai, Palghar serves as a water catchment area to Mumbai.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book |last=Anand |first=Nikhil |title=Hydraulic City |publisher=Duke University Press |year=2017}}</ref> There are many dams, such as the [[Tansa Dam]], which collect water and deliver to Mumbai through pipelines. There are various debates on if this is damaging to Palghar. Some scholars argue believe this is necessary to meet the water demands of a large-scale city, but others argue that this is depriving Palghar residents of water, many of whom are farmers and have high water needs for agriculture.<ref name=":13" />

===Climate===
{{climate chart
|[[Palghar]]
|12|30.6|0.6
|15|31.3|1.5
|20.6|32.7|0.1
|23.7|33.1|0.6
|25.6|33.3|13.2
|25.8|31.9|574.1
|24.8|29.8|868.3
|24.5|29.3|553.0
|24.0|30.1|306.4
|23.1|32.9|62.9
|18.5|33.4|14.9
|09.8|32.0|5.6
|source=[http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/climate/mumbai1.htm Indian Meteorological Department]
|float=left
|clear=none
}}

==Divisions==
{{See also|List of villages and towns in Thane District|}}
Palghar has an urban population of 1,435,210, that is 48% of total population is living in Urbanized Area. Palghar District comprises 8 [[taluka]]s. The talukas, with their populations at the 2001 and 2011 Censuses <ref name="census2011">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Thane |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/834/download/36204/DH_2011_2721_PART_A_DCHB_THANE.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> are as follows:

===List of Talukas===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Taluka || Population Census 2001 || Population Census 2011
|-
| [[Vasai]] ||align="right"|795,863||align="right"|1,343,402
|-
| [[Palghar]] ||align="right"|454,635||align="right"|550,166
|-
| [[Dahanu]] ||align="right"|331,829||align="right"|402,095
|-
| [[Talasari]] ||align="right"|121,217||align="right"|154,818
|-
| [[Jawhar]] ||align="right"|111,039||align="right"|140,187
|-
| [[Mokhada]] ||align="right"|67,319||align="right"|83,453
|-
| [[Vada, Palghar|Vada]] ||align="right"|142,753||align="right"|178,370
|-
| [[Vikramgad]] ||align="right"|114,254||align="right"|137,625
|}
{{col-end}}

== Sub-Divisions and Talukas ==

♦ '''Vasai'''⇒[[Vasai]]

♦'''Palghar'''⇒ [[Palghar]]

♦'''Dahanu'''⇒ [[Dahanu]], [[Talasari]]

♦'''Vada'''⇒ [[Vada, Palghar|Vada]], [[Vikramgad]]

♦'''Jawhar'''⇒ [[Jawhar]], [[Mokhada]]

===Municipal Corporations in Palghar District===
* [[Vasai-Virar City Municipal Corporation|Vasai-Virar]]

===Municipal Councils in Palghar District===
* [[Palghar]]
* [[Dahanu]]
* [[Jawhar]]

===Nagar Panchyats in Palghar District===
* [[Talasari]]
* [[Vikramgad]]
* [[Vada, Palghar|Vada]]
* [[Mokhada]]

===Proposed Municipal Councils in Palghar District===
* [[Boisar]] (Proposed Boisar Municipal Council includes towns of Boisar, [[Dandi Census Town|Dandi]], [[Khaira, Palghar|Khaira]], [[Saravali]], [[Katkar]], [[Pasthal]] and [[Salwad]])

===Proposed Nagar Panchyats in Palghar District===
* [[Charoti]] (merging '''Charoti''', Bharad, and [[Kasa Khurd]])
* [[Chinchani]]
* [[Tarapur, Maharashtra|Tarapur]]
* [[Manor, India|Manor]]
* [[Saphale]] (merging Saphale and Umbarpada Nandade)
* [[Shirsad]]
* [[Sarsun]]

===Constituencies===
There are six [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in Palghar district, grouped into one [[Lok Sabha]] constituency; [[Dahanu (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dahanu (ST)]], [[Vikramgad (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Vikramgad (ST)]], [[Palghar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Palghar (ST)]], [[Boisar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Boisar (ST)]], [[Nalasopara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nalasopara]] and [[Vasai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Vasai]] constituencies are part of [[Palghar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palghar Lok Sabha constituency]]. [[Hemant Savara | Hemant Vishnu Savara ]] from Bharatiya Janta Party is member for Palghar of the [[18th Lok Sabha]].

==Demographics==

At the time of the 2011 census, Palghar district had a population of 2,990,116, of which 1,561,438 (52.22%) lived in urban areas. Palghar had a sex ratio of 934 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 2.91% and 37.39% of the population respectively.<ref name="census2011" />

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Palghar district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Maharashtra|Hinduism]]|darkorange|87.05}}
{{bar percent|[[Marathi Muslims|Islam]]|green|5.76}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Maharashtra|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|3.89}}
{{bar percent|[[Marathi Buddhists|Buddhism]]|yellow|1.59}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Maharashtra|Jainism]]|pink|1.03}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.68}}
}}

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages in Palghar diatrict (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 61.65 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 15.33 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Varli language|Varli]] |value3 = 6.12 |color3 = mediumvioletred
|label4 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value4 = 5.61 |color4 = lightblue
|label5 = [[Urdu]] |value5 = 1.76 |color5 = green
|label6 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value6 = 1.75 |color6 = crimson
|label7 = [[Marwari language|Marwadi]] |value7 = 1.01 |color7 = pink
|label8 = Others |value8 = 6.77 |color8 = grey
}}
According to the 2011 census, 61.96% of the population spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 15.33% [[Hindi]], 6.12% [[Varli language|Varli]], 5.61% [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], 1.76% [[Urdu]], 1.75% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] and 1.01% [[Marwari language|Marwari]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10212/download/13324/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Transportation ==

The [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]] network passes through Vasai, Palghar and Dahanu talukas of the district. The [[National Highway 48 (India)|Western Express Highway (NH48)]] has passed through manor and chilhar for enter in Palghar district.

== Economy ==
In the mountainous regions of the Palghar district, such as in [[Jawhar]] and [[Mokhada]], agriculture is the primary business.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Industrial Information {{!}} District Palghar, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India |url=https://palghar.gov.in/en/industrial-information/ |access-date=2023-05-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> These areas mainly cultivate rice, millet, and black gram, as well as a variety of fruits and vegetables.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Study on traditional cultivation practices and cropping pattern in tribal block of Jawhar in Palghar District of Maharashtra |url=https://www.actahort.org/books/1241/1241_50.htm |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=www.actahort.org}}</ref> Due to Palghar district's proximity to Mumbai, the region is primary source of produce and grains to the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region|Mumbai Metropolitan Area]]. The dependency on the district has led the Government of Maharashtra to encourage [[organic farming]] in Palghar in order to ensure agricultural output and work towards sustainable options.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} The western 'bandarpatti' region's economy relies on in agricultural and fishing businesses. Dahanu is known for their [[chickoo]] production, which is distributed throughout all of India. A special Chickoo festival is held every year at Bordi beach in Dahanu. [[Satpati]], also in 'bandarpatti, is Maharashtra's largest fishing port. Dahanu, Arnala, Vasai and Datiware ''a''re also major fishing ports in the region.<ref name=":1" />

Palghar has India's first [[Tarapur Atomic Power Station|atomic power plant]] located at [[Tarapur, Maharashtra|Tarapur]]. The industrial town of Boisar is also home to one of Maharashtra's largest industrial areas at Tarapur MIDC. [[MSEDCL]] supplies electricity to all urban and rural areas across the district. [[Gujarat Gas]] has been authorized in April 2015 to supply [[compressed natural gas]] and [[piped natural gas]] to all urban and rural areas across the district.

== Tourist Places ==
The Vasai Taluka of Palghar district is a melting pot of Multi Cultural & Multi religious populace. The Portuguese footprints has left its cultural mix in this area.
This taluka has about 9 big Churches built during 1564 AD. which are a great tourist attraction. The Buddha Stupa near NallaSopara West is also a great historic place. The Nirmal Lake is a sacred place in Vasai, which dates back to Shri Parshuram time.
There are hill stations and beaches in the district which are the major tourist attractions. Some of the major tourist attractions are
#[[Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary]]
#Mahalakshmi Temple at Kasa(Dahanu)
#[[Dahanu|Dahanu Beach]]
#Bordi Beach
#Vasai Fort
#[[Tandulwadi Fort]]
#[[Jawhar]] Hill station
#Suryamal Hill Plateau
#Deobandh kendra
#[[Dabhosa Waterfalls|Dabhosa Water fall]](Jawhar)
#Arnala Fort
#[[Kelwa Beach]]
#Bhavangad Fort
#Mahim Beach
#Mahim Fort
#[[Vajreshwari|Vajreshwari Hot water springs]]
#Ganeshpuri Temple
#Jiwdani temple (Virar)
#Kohoj Fort
#kelwa dam

==See also==
* [[2020 Palghar mob lynching]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://palghar.gov.in/ Official website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Palghar District
|North = [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli district]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
|Northeast = [[Valsad district]], [[Gujarat]] [[Nashik district]]
|South = [[Thane district]]
|West = ''[[Arabian Sea]]''
|Northwest = [[Valsad district]], [[Gujarat]]
}}

{{Palghar district topics}}
{{Maharashtra}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Palghar district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Achyut Kanvinde

2025-11-05T21:58:26Z

RonaldKign: further corrected lead for clarity and added references

{{Short description|Indian architect (1916–2002)}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox architect
| name = Achyut Kanvinde
| image = Achyut Kanvinde.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|2|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Achra, India|Achra]], [[Bombay Presidency]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2002|12|28|1916|2|9|df=y}}
| death_place =
| other_names =
| nationality =
| alma_mater = [[Sir J. J. College of Architecture]]
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (1974)
| practice = Kanvinde, Rai and Chowdhury
| significant_buildings = Campus of [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]] 
Campus of [[Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur]]
| website = 
}}
[[File:IITKLibrary.jpg|thumb|270px|PK Kelkar Library, [[IIT Kanpur]], designed by Achyut Kanvinde]]
'''Achyut Purushottam Kanvinde''' (9 February 1916 – 28 December 2002) was an Indian architect who worked in functionalist approaches with elements of [[Brutalist architecture]]. He received the [[Padma Shri]] in 1974.<ref>Jon T. Lang 2002 A Concise History of Modern Architecture in India. Orient Blackswan.</ref>

==Early life and education==
[[File:Achyut Kanvinde at CSIR.png|thumb|Achyut Kanvinde at CSIR]]
He was born on 9 February 1916 in [[Achra, India|Achra]], in the Konkan region of [[Maharashtra]], in a large family. His mother died when he was two and his father was an arts teacher in Mumbai. Kanvinde, influenced by his father, a portrait and landscape painter, took up art and graduated in architecture from Sir J.J. School of Arts, Mumbai in 1942. He was then sent by the Government of India to study at Harvard where he worked under [[Walter Gropius]] and was influenced by his thinking and teaching. The European masters of the [[Bauhaus]] – Albert Bayer, László Moholy-Nagy, Marcel Breuer, and the Swiss-American architectural historian Siegfried Giedion also had a great impact. Some of his famous batchmates were [[Paul Rudolph (architect)|Paul Rudolph]], [[I. M. Pei]] and John Perkins.

==Career==
When he returned to India he joined the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. In 1985, he was the winner of the IIA "Baburao Mhatre Gold Medal".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com/awards/view/3 |title=IIA Awards |access-date=29 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202213917/https://www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com/awards/view/3 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:GKVK.jpg|thumb|upright|right|The [[University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore]] campus designed by Kanvinde and Rai]]
Along with his partner Shaukat Rai, he opened the firm Kanvinde, Rai and Chowdhury in [[New Delhi]] (which is currently run by Sanjay Kanvinde, B.K. Tanuja and Murad Chowdhury). The firm has been responsible for [[IIT Kanpur]], [[National Science Centre, Delhi]], The National Council of Applied Economic Research in New Delhi, NII Pune, numerous dairy buildings under NDDB (such as Dudhsagar Dairy plant in [[Mehsana]]<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/12/52|title=Mehsana, North Gujarat, Tourism Hubs, Gujarat, India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223211951/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/12/52|archive-date=2017-02-23|access-date=2017-02-23}}</ref>) and many other buildings.<ref>[http://www.upenn.edu/ARG/archive/architecture/architecture.html An Architecture of Independence: The Making of Modern South Asia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603215030/http://www.upenn.edu/ARG/archive/architecture/architecture.html |date=2009-06-03 }} [[University of Pennsylvania]].</ref>

==Philosophy==
[[File:Iskcon Delhi Temple.jpg|right|thumb|Iskcon Temple, Delhi]]
Kanvinde played with space and forms. A famous example is the ISKCON Temple at New Delhi. He gave great importance to natural light. The form of the building is such that the problem of ventilation as well as excessive heat is beautifully solved. He championed the cause of vernacular architecture. He believed that values and historical influences contributed towards good architecture.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} "Over the years I have come to believe it is imperative that an architect develop a sensitivity to human nature and a respect for human values. This, after all, is at the very core of his work. In India the search for a new architectural expression must continue – and this must go beyond the satisfaction of matter of fact functional needs. I think the designer's sensibility here must become aware of the accumulated wisdom of generations, but this should go together with the idea of progress reflected in the evolution of technology. In my own case, I must acknowledge my tremendous debt to Gropius – it was he who really exposed me to the power of technology on the one hand and the psychological dimensions of spatial organisation on the other. Actually my present concerns and realisations are all reflections of my earlier preoccupations: as a student at the J. J. School in Bombay my thesis was on "Architectural Composition and its Application to Indian Architecture."<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://architexturez.net/doc/az-cf-123619|title = Achyut P. Kanvinde – an interview with M.N. Ashish Ganju|journal = Vistāra – the Architecture of India, Catalogue of the Exhibition|year = 1986|last1 = Kanvinde|first1 = Achyut|last2 = Ganju|first2 = MN Ashish|last3 = Ananthakrishna|first3 = K. S.|last4 = Asnani|first4 = Hareesh|last5 = Balan|first5 = Arun|last6 = Bhalla|first6 = Arunjot Singh|last7 = Chandavarkar|first7 = Prem|last8 = Demello|first8 = Edgar|last9 = Dube|first9 = Anil|last10 = George|first10 = Tony Kunnel|last11 = Ghosh|first11 = Nisha Mathew|last12 = Ghosh|first12 = Soumitro|last13 = Jaisim|first13 = K.|last14 = Kumar|first14 = Ravindra|last15 = Ladhad|first15 = Manoj|last16 = Mohe|first16 = Sanjay|last17 = Nagaria|first17 = Akthar|last18 = Naik|first18 = Anup|last19 = Narasimhan|first19 = Venkataramanan|last20 = Reddy|first20 = Janardhan|last21 = Sandeep|first21 = J.|last22 = Shetty|first22 = Rajmohan|last23 = Thimmaiah|first23 = Kavya|last24 = Thimmaiah|first24 = H. C.|last25 = Varanashi|first25 = Sathya Prakash|last26 = Vastarey|first26 = Nagaraj|last27 = Venkataramanan|first27 = P. K.|last28 = Venkatesh|first28 = Kiran|last29 = Yalavigi|first29 = Sudheendra|last30 = Balan|first30 = Tharunya}}</ref>

==Design concepts==
He believed that a grid of columns forming a matrix giving structural and spatial aspect would turn a design more sophisticated and faceted.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}

== Selected buildings ==
* [[ISKCON Temple, Delhi]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-04-18 |title=Achyut Kanvinde: The man behind sustainable designs |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/achyut-kanvinde-the-man-behind-sustainable-designs/article26875092.ece |access-date=2023-05-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur]]
* [[Institute of Rural Management Anand|Institute of Rural Management, Anand]] (IRMA)
* [[Dudhsagar Dairy]] plant in [[Mehsana]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Darpana Academy of Performing Arts]] (1962)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/5ceca4c870c2f6262d3f6ba9efd59efe/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y|title=Modern Architecture and Capitalist Patronage in Ahmedabad, India 1947–1969|last=Williamson|first=Daniel|date=2016|website=ProQuest Dissertations Publishing|publisher=New York University|page=91|id={{ProQuest| }} |access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref>
* [[Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association]] (ATIRA) complex (1950–1954)<ref name=":0" />
* [[Physical Research Laboratory]] (PRL) building (1952)<ref name=":0" />
* [[University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore]] buildings<ref name=":0"/>
* Various Campus and Buildings under [[National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)]]<ref name=":0"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* https://www.angelfire.com/tx/deenu2/alofsin.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20170202213917/https://www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com/awards/view/3
* https://web.archive.org/web/20110726172355/http://www.iianc.org/vs/novdec2002.pdf
* [http://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/1901/achyut-kanvinde A study]

{{1900s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanvinde, Achyut}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni]]
[[Category:Artists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:Brutalist architects]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Management Bangalore]]

Shankar Mahadevan Academy

2025-11-02T22:38:21Z

RonaldKign: Created a data

{{Short description|Music Academy}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{COI|date=July 2016}}
{{Cleanup|reason=No inline citations, not clear whether the links provided actually support the text|date=October 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox university
|name = Shankar Mahadevan Academy
|image_name = Shankarmahadevanacademy.gif
|image_size =
|caption =
|founder = Sridhar Ranganathan
|latin_name =
|motto =
|mottoeng =
|established = 2010
|type = [[Public university|Public]] [[Online music education|Online Music Academy]]
|endowment =
|rector =
|staff =
|students =
|doctoral =
|city = [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]] [[Bangalore]] India
|country =
|coor =
|campus =
|affiliations =
|website = '''Official Website'''
|logo =
|footnotes =
}}
The '''Shankar Mahadevan Academy''' is a [[music education|music academy]] founded by composer and singer [[Shankar Mahadevan]] along with Sridhar Ranganathan Founder and CEO of Cloodon- Personalized Learning Platform. Offices of the institution are located at [[Palo Alto, California]] in the [[United States]] and [[Bangalore]] in [[India]].

==See also==
* [[Delhi School of Music]]
* [[Gandharva Mahavidyalaya]]

==References==
* {{cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Gurukul-tradition-goes-online/2013/08/17/article1738604.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904233307/http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Gurukul-tradition-goes-online/2013/08/17/article1738604.ece|archive-date=2013-09-04|title=Gurukul tradition goes online|publisher=The New Indian Express}}
* {{cite web | last=Balaji | first=Sindhuja | title=Many notes, one tune | website=Bangalore Mirror | date=2013-12-09 | url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/lounge/Many-notes-one-tune/articleshow/27093821.cms | access-date=2025-10-13}}
* {{cite web | title=Companies promote musical talent at workplace | website=Business News, Finance News, India News, Stock Markets BSE/NSE News, SENSEX, NIFTY, Personal Finance News | date=2013-09-07 | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/companies-promote-musical-talent-at-workplace-113090700599_1.html | access-date=2025-10-13}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/12530-microsoft-and-shankar-mahadevan-launch-music-app.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217071847/http://www.indiawest.com/news/12530-microsoft-and-shankar-mahadevan-launch-music-app.html|archive-date=2013-12-17|title=Microsoft and Shankar Mahadevan Launch Music App|author= R.M. Vijayakar|publisher=IndiaWest}}

==External links==
*[http://www.shankarmahadevanacademy.com/ Official Website]

{{Education in India}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shankar Mahadevan Academy}}
[[Category:Music schools in India]]
[[Category:Music schools in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]

{{india-school-stub}}

Tarun Bhartiya

2025-10-26T12:02:44Z

RonaldKign: Created new entry

{{Short description|Indian documentary filmmaker (1970–2025)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
'''Tarun Bhartiya''' (1970 – 27 January 2025) was an Indian documentary filmmaker,<ref name="NorthEast-Now-2025">{{Cite web |last=NEWS |first=NE NOW |date=2025-01-25 |title=Meghalaya: Filmmaker and activist Tarun Bhartiya passes away at 54 |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/meghalaya/meghalaya-filmmaker-and-activist-tarun-bhartiya-passes-away-at-54.html |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=NorthEast Now |language=en-US}}</ref> poet,<ref name="NorthEast-Now-2025" /> photographer, and social activist known for his contributions to art, culture, and social issues.<ref name="The-Wire-2025">{{Cite web |title=Poet, Filmmaker And Activist Tarun Bhartiya Passes Away; His Art Lives on |url=https://thewire.in/culture/poet-filmmaker-and-activist-tarun-bhartiya-passes-away-his-art-lives-on |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref> Born to [[Maithils|Maithil]] origins but closely associated with the Khasi Hills of [[Meghalaya]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Borah |first=Prabalika M. |date=2020-07-04 |title=From Shillong to Bihar: Tarun Bhartiya documents his journey during the pandemic |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/from-shillong-to-bihar-tarun-bhartiya-documents-his-journey-during-the-pandemic/article31987723.ece |access-date=2025-01-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Bhartiya's work explored diverse themes related to the region and beyond.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-16 |title=A new series of picture postcards explores conversion among the Khasi people |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/a-new-series-of-picture-postcards-explores-conversion-among-the-khasi-people-7575007/ |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He had received a [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]] for his work as film editor for the 2009 film ''In Camera, Diaries of a Documentary Cameraman'' but he returned it in 2015.<ref name="The-Wire-2025" />

== Background ==
Bhartiya was born in 1970.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ngangom |first1=Robin S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r1OfLmmI8kwC&dq=%22Tarun+Bhartiya%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA32 |title=Dancing Earth: An Anthology of Poetry from North-East India |last2=Nongkynrih |first2=Kynpham Singh |date=2009 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-310220-5 |language=en}}</ref> He died from a heart attack at Woodland Hospital in [[Shillong]], on 27 January 2025, at the age of 54.<ref name="Maktoob-2025"/>

== Career ==

=== Documentary filmmaking ===
Bhartiya's work as a documentary filmmaker was recognized for examining the intersections of humanity, environment, and politics. His notable films include:
* '''''The Brief Life of Insects''''' (2015) – Winner of the Best Sound Award at MIFF (Mumbai International Film Festival).<ref name="Maktoob-2025">{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Maktoob |date=2025-01-25 |title=A rebel in art and spirit; Tarun Bhartiya passes away at 54 |url=https://maktoobmedia.com/india/a-rebel-in-art-and-spirit-tarun-bhartiya-passes-away-at-54/ |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=Maktoob media |language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''The Last Train in Nepal'' (2015) – A BBC4 production that received the [[Royal Television Society]]'s (RTS) Award for Best Director, Factual.<ref name="Maktoob-2025" />
* ''Darjeeling Himalayan Railway'' (2010) – Recipient of the Royal Television Society's Best Documentary Series Award.<ref name="Maktoob-2025" />
* ''Tourist Information for Shillong'' (2007).<ref name="Maktoob-2025" />

In addition to his own work, Bhartiya contributed as an editor on several projects, collaborating with filmmakers such as Vasudha Josh.

=== Poetry ===
Bhartiya's poetry, written in [[Hindi]], connected with readers across different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. His work appeared in anthologies such as ''Dancing Earth: Contemporary Poetry from Northeast India''. His writing often reflected themes of identity, emotion, and regional culture.

=== Photography ===
As a photographer, Bhartiya captured the social and natural landscapes of Meghalaya. His black-and-white photographs documented the region's complexities and relationships between people and nature. His work was exhibited widely and remains influential.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poet, Filmmaker And Activist Tarun Bhartiya Passes Away; His Art Lives on |url=https://thewire.in/culture/poet-filmmaker-and-activist-tarun-bhartiya-passes-away-his-art-lives-on |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref>

=== Activism ===
Bhartiya was active in social movements and protests. In 2015, he returned his National Award for Best Editing to protest against what he described as state oppression.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NEWS |first=NE NOW |date=2025-01-25 |title=Meghalaya: Filmmaker and activist Tarun Bhartiya passes away at 54 |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/meghalaya/meghalaya-filmmaker-and-activist-tarun-bhartiya-passes-away-at-54.html |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=NorthEast Now |language=en-US}}</ref>

He also worked on documenting the changing belief systems of the Khasi community. His project ''Niam/Faith/Hynniewtrep'' explored the interactions between Christianity, indigenous practices, and external cultural influences. This work included exhibitions, postcards, and texts that contributed to discussions on identity and modernity in Northeast India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Paramita |date=2021-10-16 |title=Missionary is not a popular word in India. But in the Khasi hills, it holds a different meaning |url=https://theprint.in/feature/missionary-is-not-a-popular-word-in-india-but-in-the-khasi-hills-it-holds-a-different-meaning/751501/ |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhartiya, Tarun}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]]
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Longju

2025-10-23T13:27:14Z

RonaldKign: added a stub

{{Short description|Village in Tibet near the China-India border}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{OSM Location map
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| caption =Longju with respect to Indian locations{{efn|The border is the [[Line of Actual Control]] between China and India as marked by the contributors to the OpenStreetMap.}}

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'''Longju''' or '''Longzu'''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kalita|first=Prabin|date=19 September 2020|title=Defence forces on toes in six areas along LAC in Arunachal Pradesh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/defence-forces-on-toes-in-six-disputed-areas-along-lac-in-arunachal-pradesh/articleshow/78198640.cms|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The Times of India}}</ref> ({{bo|t=གླང་བཅུ|w=glang-bcu}}; {{zh|c=朗久|p=Lǎngjiǔ}}) is a disputed area{{Efn|The area is sometimes informally referred to as the '''Longju sector'''.<ref name="Sali"/><ref>
{{Cite book |last1=Mayilvaganan |first1=M. |title=Tawang, Monpas and Tibetan Buddhism in Transition: Life and Society along the India-China Borderland |last2=Khatoon |first2=Nasima |last3=Bej |first3=Sourina |date=2020-06-11 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-15-4346-3 |pages=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8i3rDwAAQBAJ}}
</ref>{{Sfn|Mullik|1971|p=414}}}}
in the eastern sector of the [[China–India border]], controlled by China but claimed by India. The village of Longju is located in the [[Tsari Chu]] Valley {{convert|2.5|km|mi}} south of the town of [[Migyitun]], considered the historical border of Tibet.<ref name="Huber mandala"/> The area of Longju southwards is populated by the [[Tagin people|Tagin]] tribe of [[Arunachal Pradesh]].

India had set up a border post manned by [[Assam Rifles]] at Longju in 1959 when it was attacked by Chinese border troops and forced to withdraw. After discussion, the two sides agreed to leave the post unoccupied.{{sfn|Hoffmann|1990|p=72}} India established a new post at '''Maja''',{{efn|Alternative spellings include '''Majha'''<ref>
[https://zeenews.india.com/india/china-hatching-new-conspiracy-near-arunachal-pradesh-border-after-defeat-in-ladakh-2310910.html China hatching new conspiracy near Arunachal Pradesh border after defeat in Ladakh], Zee News, 20 September 2020.
</ref>
and '''Maza'''.<ref>
[https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2020/06/24/how-much-land-did-arunachal-pradesh-lose-to-china-after-1962-war/#bypass-sw How much land did Arunachal Pradesh lose to China after 1962 war?], EastMojo, 24 June 2020.
</ref>}}
three miles to the south of Longju,<ref name="three miles">
* {{harvnb|Johri|1965|pp=253–254}}: "The Government of India took steps to establish a new post in the south of Longju. A platoon of the Assam Rifles under Captain Mitra established a post at Maja, three miles in the south of Longju."
* {{harvnb|Kaul|1967|p=232}}: "This gallant officer [Captain Mitra], however, established our post at Maja instead, about six miles South of Long-ju (and about three miles or less as the crow flies)."
</ref>
but continued to patrol up to Longju.<ref name="Arpi">
{{Cite news |last=Arpi |first=Claude |author-link=Claude Arpi|title=Chinese village in Arunachal: India must speak up! |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/claude-arpi-chinese-village-in-arunachal-india-must-speak-up/20210121.htm |newspaper=Rediff |date=21 January 2021}}
</ref>
After the 1962 [[Sino-Indian War]], the Chinese reoccupied Longju and brushed off Indian protests.<ref name=Arpi/>

Since the late 1990s and early 2000s, China has expanded further south, establishing a battalion post at erstwhile Maja.<ref name="Vinayak Bhat">
{{Cite news |last=Bhat |first=Col Vinayak |title=Despite Modi-Xi bonhomie, China moves into Arunachal Pradesh, builds new road and barracks |url=https://theprint.in/defence/south-china-sea-to-the-himalayas-chinas-salami-slicing-now-reaches-arunachal/73316/ |newspaper=The Print |date=2018-06-22}}
</ref><ref name="Kalita">
Prabin Kalita, [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/pentagon-cited-china-village-a-pla-camp-arunachal-official/articleshow/87564351.cms Pentagon-cited China village a PLA camp: Arunachal official], The Economic Times, 7 November 2021. "The mountainous area where structures built by the PLA now stands used to be the last post of the Indian Army until the 1962 War. Back then, the post was called '''Maza Camp'''."
</ref>
In 2020, China built a 100-house civilian village close to this location in disputed territory.<ref name=Arpi/><ref name=Kalita/>

== Location ==
Longju is {{convert|2.5|km|mi}}{{efn|Distance as per modern maps.<ref>
[https://www.openstreetmap.org/directions?engine=graphhopper_foot&route=28.6603%2C93.3735%3B28.6405%2C93.3814#map=15/28.6504/93.3775&layers=C Route from Zhari township to Longju], OpenStreetMap, retrieved 8 November 2022.</ref> In 1905, Bailey had estimated the distance to be 4 miles,<ref name="four miles"/>{{sfn|Rose|Fisher|1967|p=9}} which is an overestimate that would take us to the mouth of the Mipa Chu river. A Chinese clarification question in the 1961 "Report of the Officials" related to the distance between Longju and Migyitun was answered by India as "the distance between Longju and the alignment south of Migyitun was about two miles."<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Report of the Officials of the Governments of India and the People's Republic of China on the Boundary Question - Part 1|url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/OR_Part_1.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617192203/http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/OR_Part_1.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2020|access-date=27 January 2021|website=|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, India, 1961|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}}{{efn|The Survey of India's coordinates for Longju are {{coord|28.6425973|93.3814961|name=Longju per Survey of India}}.<ref>
[https://www.openstreetmap.org/directions?engine=graphhopper_foot&route=28.6603%2C93.3735%3B28.6405%2C93.3814#map=15/28.6504/93.3775&layers=C Named places 2022], Survey of India dataset, retrieved 8 November 2022.</ref>}}
south of the Tibetan frontier town of [[Migyitun]] (Tsari Town), along the [[Tsari Chu]] river valley. The area was historically populated by the Mara clan of the [[Tagin people|Tagin tribe]] of Arunachal Pradesh.<ref name=Arpi/> The border between Tibet and tribal territory was at the Mandala Plain just outside the town of Migyitun.<ref name="Huber mandala">{{harvnb|Huber|1999|p=170}}: "It was there on August 26, 1959, that the very first violent conflict in the Sino-Indian dispute over the McMahon line erupted, as a Chinese force of two to three hundred crossed the traditional border at mandala Plain and drove out Indian frontier troops stationed at the advance post of Longju in the lower Tsari valley."</ref>

There was a crossing on the river from its left bank to the right bank near Longju,{{Sfn|Rose|Fisher|1967|p=10}} which was needed to enter the tribal territory from the Tibetan side. When [[Frederick Marshman Bailey|Bailey]] and [[Henry Morshead|Morshead]] visited the area in 1905, they found the bridge broken. The Tibetans were unable to repair it because it was built using tribal materials and techniques. Evidently, the Tibetan authority stopped at Migyitun.<ref>{{harvnb|Rose|Fisher|1967|p=9}}: "Bailey has left no doubt that Tibetan authority stopped at the frontier town of Migyitun. He wished to cross to the Indian side but was unable to do so. The cane bridge across the Tsari had been destroyed, and when he asked the Tibetans to rebuild it, they insisted that they lacked the skill for a bridge of that type"
</ref><ref name="four miles">{{citation |last=Bailey |first=F. M. |title=No Passport to Tibet |location=London |publisher=Hart-Davis |year=1957 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3101 |via=archive.org |page=203}}: "Morshead went further down the river to see what prospect there was of exploring the No Man's Land. But four miles down he came on the ruins of a foot-bridge over to the right bank and could get no further. It was one of the Mishmi type, five long strands of cane bound at intervals with hoops. The Tibetans had tried to build another, but they lacked the skill of the Lopas."
</ref>

On 28 August 1959, the Indian Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] explained to the parliament that Longju was a five days march from [[Limeking]] which in turn was a 12 days march from the nearest road at [[Daporijo]], a total of about three weeks.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bhargava |first=G S |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3268 |title=The Battle of NEFA: The Undeclared War |publisher=Allied Publishers |year=1964 |isbn= |location=New Delhi |pages=49–50}}</ref> At the time the route passed through dense forests and consisted of indigenously built "ladder climbs" and bridges.<ref name="Sali">{{Cite book |last=Sali |first=M. L. |title=India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector |date=1998 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-964-1 |pages=144 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6y2E9gw5oIC}}</ref>

Administratively, for China, Longju is located in [[Shannan, Tibet]], while for India, it is located in the [[Upper Subansiri district]] (previously called the Subansiri Frontier Division).{{Sfn|Sandhu|Shankar|Dwivedi|2015|p=108}}

== History ==


=== McMahon Line ===
[[File:McMahon-Line-map-Subansiri-secor.jpg|thumb|right|305px|Map 1: The [[McMahon Line]] as drawn in 1914]]
[[File:1940 map of Tsari Chu and McMahon Line by Survey of India.jpg|thumb|right|305px|Map 2: The [[McMahon Line]] depicted in a Survey of India map of 1940 (noted as approximate)]]

During the negotiations for the [[McMahon Line]] in 1914, the [[British India]]n negotiators were cognizant of the fact that Migyitun was Tibetan and also that the neighbouring [[Dakpa Sheri]] mountain (to the west) was regarded by them as a holy mountain. Taking these factors into account, they promised that the border would be drawn short of the high ridge line and avoid including the annual pilgrimage route in Indian territory as far as practicable.<ref>
{{harvnb|Mehra|1974|pp=228–229}}: "He [Charles Bell], therefore, planned to inform the Lonchen that the proposed boundary line left the highest mountain ranges before reaching the Tsari heights thereby placing the latter, and the short pilgrimage route, in Tibetan territory. But a part of it did perhaps come within British domain.... Bell, on his part, undertook to ensure that the frontier would be so laid as to leave Migyitun on the Tibetan side. Such monasteries and other sacred places as fell into British territory, he had already assured the Lonchen, would be protected and put to no harm."
</ref>

These arrangements were confirmed in the notes exchanged between [[Henry McMahon|McMahon]] and [[Lonchen Shatra]] and the border line was drawn accordingly. The line avoided both the north–south ridge line (which would have placed Dakpa Sheri on the border) and the east–west ridge line (which would have placed Migyitun on the border) and cut across the region along a rough diagonal. A suitable buffer south of Migyitun was included within Tibet, but not so much as to include the confluence of the Mipa Chu river with Tsari Chu. McMahon believed that there was a "wide continuous tract of uninhabited country" along the south of the watershed.{{sfn|Mehra|1974|pp=231–232}}

As per the US [[Office of the Geographer|Office of Geographer]]'s "Large-Scale International Boundaries" (LSIB) database, the McMahon Line of the treaty puts Longju in Tibetan territory.<ref>[https://earthworks.stanford.edu/catalog/stanford-jd523yw3613 Large Scale International Boundaries (LSIB), Europe and Asia, 2012], EarthWorks, Stanford University, 2012.</ref>

=== 1930s ===
For various diplomatic reasons, the McMahon Line remained unimplemented for a couple of decades. It was revived in the 1930s by [[Olaf Caroe]], then Deputy Foreign Secretary of British India. The notes exchanged between McMahon and Lonchen Shatra were published in a revised volume of Aitchison's ''Treaties'' and maps were revised to show the McMahon Line as the boundary of Assam. The [[Surveyor General of India]] made adjustments to the McMahon Line boundary "based on more accurate topographical knowledge acquired after 1914". However, he left certain portions approximate as he did not have enough information. Scholar Steven Hoffmann remarks that Migyitun, Longju and [[Thagla Ridge]] (in Tawang) were among such places.{{sfn|Hoffmann|1990|pp=21–22}}

The maps drawn from 1937 onwards show the boundary tend more towards the watershed near Migyitun than the original treaty map. The Dakpa Sheri mountain and the annual pilgrimage route are still shown entirely within Tibetan territory. But, at Migyitun, the border is immediately to its south, evidently putting Longju within Indian territory.{{efn|The crossing on the Tsari Chu river, which is said to have been near Longju, is well south of the boundary in the Survey of India map.}} This is the correct ethnic frontier, according to scholar Toni Huber.<ref name="Huber mandala"/>

=== 1950s ===
[[File:North-East Frontier in 1954 Political Map of India.jpg|thumb|right|305px|Map 3: NEFA in the 1954 Survey of India map, the first fully demarcated map of the frontier]]
After India became independent in 1947, it slowly extended its administration to all the remaining areas of the North-East Frontier. The Subansiri area was renamed Subansiri Frontier Division and officers were posted to remote areas. Schools and medical centres were opened. [[Verrier Elwin]], an authority on Indian tribal communities, stated "Wars, kidnappings, and cruel punishments... have come to an end".{{sfn|Huber|1999|p=167}}

In 1950, Tibet came under Chinese control but, at least initially, this made little difference to the relations between the Tibetans and Tagin tribes. In 1956, the Tibetans conducted the long pilgrimage of the Dakpa Sheri mountain called ''Ringkor'' as per their 12-year cycle. The procession went through the tribal territory (along the Tsari Chu River until its confluence with Subansiri and then upstream along Subansiri or "Chayul Chu"). It passed without any incidents from the tribals. The Tibetans paid them the usual 'tribute' to let the procession pass unmolested but also armed Indian border troops were stationed in the Tsari Chu valley south of the Mandala Plain.{{sfn|Huber|1999|pp=167–168}}<ref name=Arpi/>

Scholar Toni Huber reports that there was a 'foreign presence' in Tsari in terms of several small Chinese medical teams sent by Chinese administrators in [[Lhasa]]. The medical teams set up camp in the Mandala Plain and other locations on the Tibetan side of the border. They treated any assembled pilgrims who were sick and dispensed medicines. After the procession departed, they left. Tibetans later suspected that these innocent medical teams represented reconnaissance teams sent in advance of the later Chinese encroachments in the border area in 1959.{{sfn|Huber|1999|p=170}}

[[File:North-East Frontier in 1959 Political Map of India.jpg|thumb|right|305px|Map 4: NEFA in a 1959 map of India, highlighting the disputed locations]]
By the beginning of 1958, China had completed the [[Aksai Chin Road]] and obtained the capacity for large-scale troop movement into Tibet.<ref>{{citation |last=Liegl |first=Markus B. |title=China's Use of Military Force in Foreign Affairs: The Dragon Strikes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-CklDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA110 |year=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-315-52932-5 |page=110}}</ref> In March 1959, an [[1959 Tibetan uprising|uprising]] erupted in Tibet, and troops moved in to quell it. The PLA was deployed along the McMahon Line,{{sfn|Guyot-Réchard|2017|p=186}} and four regiments were deployed in the [[Shannan Prefecture|Shannan]] region bordering Subansiri and Kameng Divisions.{{sfn|Sandhu|Shankar|Dwivedi|2015|p=108}}<ref>
[https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2743978#map=8/28.740/92.212 Shannan Prefecture] marked on OpenStreetMap, retrieved 25 January 2021. Bordering it are, in addition to Bhutan, the [[Tawang district|Tawang]] and [[East Kameng district|East Kameng]] districts (then part of the Kameng Frontier Division) and the [[Kurung Kumey district|Kurung Kumey]] and [[Upper Subansiri district|Upper Subansiri]] districts (then part of the Subansiri Frontier Division).
</ref>
In response, India set up advance posts manned by [[Assam Rifles]]{{efn|Prime Minister Nehru characterised the Assam Rifles as "civil constabulary, equipped with light arms".{{sfnp|India, White Paper III|1960|p=72}}}} along the border. The two places where the map-drawn McMahon Line differed from the prevailing ethnic frontier, the [[Khinzemane]] post along the [[Nyamjang Chu]] Valley and Longju in the Tsari Chu valley, came in for contestation. The Chinese suppression of the Tibetan uprising and India's decision to grant asylum to the [[Dalai Lama]] inflamed the public opinion on both sides.{{sfn|Hoffmann|1990|p=69}}

== Longju incident ==

On 23 June 1959, China handed a protest note to the Indian embassy in Beijing, alleging that hundreds of Indian troops had intruded into and occupied Migyitun (among other places). Migyitun was said to have been "shelled" and the Indian troops were alleged to be working in collusion with "Tibetan rebel bandits". The Indian government denied that any such actions took place.{{sfn|Hoffmann|1990|p=68}} There is no record of any Tibetan armed resistance operating in the Migyitun area.{{sfn|Huber|1999|p=170}} Evidently, the Chinese were highlighting the discrepancy between the map-marked McMahon Line and the Indian-claimed border.

On 7 August, Chinese forces initiated hostilities at Khinzemane as well as Longju, pushing back the Indian post at the former and "actual fighting" at the latter.<ref>{{harvnb|Hoffmann|1990|p=68}}; {{harvnb|Kavic|1967|p=67}}</ref>{{sfn|Hoffmann|1990|p=69}} Reports state that a Chinese force of two to three hundred men was used to drive out the Indian border troops from Longju.<ref>{{harvnb|Huber|1999|p=170}}; {{harvnb|Sinha|Athale|1992|p=33}}</ref> On 25 August, they surrounded a forward picket consisting of 12 personnel (one [[Non-commissioned officer|NCO]] and 11 riflemen),<ref name="Nehru">{{harvp|Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Vol 51|1972|pp=486–489}}: "[Answering a question in the Parliament]: Regarding the incident at Migyitun according to their [Chinese] report, it was the Indians who fired first; the Chinese frontier guards had opened fire only in self-defence."</ref>
and fired upon it killing one and wounding another. The rest were taken prisoner although some escaped.<ref>{{harvnb|Johri|1965|p=252}}; {{harvnb|Sinha|Athale|1992|p=33}}; {{harvnb|Sandhu|Shankar|Dwivedi|2015|pp=108–109}}</ref> The following day, the Longju post itself was attacked with an overwhelming force. After some fighting, the entire Longju contingent withdrew to Daporijo.{{sfn|Johri|1965|p=252}} Chinese troops began to entrench themselves at the Indian Longju post, digging mines and building airfields, demarcating it as their territory.{{sfn|Guyot-Réchard|2017|p=187}}

When the Indian government protested about the incident, the Chinese replied that it was the Indian troops that opened fire and later "withdrew... on their own accord".{{sfnp|India, White Paper II|1959|pp=7–8}}<ref name="Nehru" /> They also said that Longju was in Tibetan territory according to the McMahon Line.{{sfn|Hoffmann|1990|p=69}}

=== Aftermath ===
The Indian media reported the 25 August attack on Longju on 28 August 1959. Nehru faced questions in the parliament on the same day. He revealed that serious border incidents occurred between India and China along the Tibet border. Nehru went on to reference four cases: [[Aksai Chin Road]], [[Pangong Lake]] area, [[Khinzemane]] and Longju.{{sfnp|Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Vol 51|1972|pp=478–489|ps=: "About a year or two ago, the Chinese had built a road from Gartok towards Yarkand, that is, Chinese Turkestan; and the report was that this road passed through a comer of our north-eastern Ladakhi territory.", "… there are two matters… an armed Chinese patrol… violated our border at Khinzemane….", "The outpost is at a place called Longju."}} He also announced that the border would be the responsibility of the military from then onwards.{{sfnp|Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Vol 51|1972|pp=486–489}}{{Sfnp|Sandhu|Shankar|Dwivedi|2015|p=108–109}}

The Longju incident came while numerous questions were already being raised in India based on leaks and news reports.To stem the "tide of criticism", Nehru decided to publish the entire correspondence with the Chinese government as a "white paper". The first of these appeared on 7 September. In due course, the white papers would severely restrict Nehru's room for diplomatic manoeuvre.{{sfn|Raghavan|2010|p=253}}

On 8 September, Nehru received a reply from the Chinese Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] to his letter from March 1959 inquiring about the Chinese maps claiming Indian territory. Until that point, Zhou had been claiming that the PRC was just reprinting old [[Kuomintang]] maps and had not had the time to examine the boundaries.<ref>* {{harvnb|Raghavan|2010|p=243}}: "Zhou replied that China had been reprinting old maps. They had not undertaken surveys, nor consulted neighbouring countries, and had no basis for fixing the boundary lines."
* {{citation |last=Smith |first=Warren W. |title=Tibetan Nation: A history of Tibetan nationalism and Sino-Tibetan relations |page=489 |year=1996 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SbHtAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Westview Press |isbn=978-0-8133-3155-3 |quote="Chou had assured Nehru that the PRC was still using old KMT maps, not yet having had time to prepare their own."}}
</ref> In the letter, Zhou stated that the maps were "substantially correct", thereby laying claim to the entire state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] as well as [[Aksai Chin]].{{sfn|Hoffmann|1990|pp=70–71}}

In the same letter, Zhou also proposed that border differences should be settled through negotiations and that the "status quo" should be maintained until such settlement.<ref>{{citation |last1=Fairbank |first1=John King |last2=MacFarquhar |first2=Roderick |title=The Cambridge History of China: The People's Republic. The emergence of revolutionary China, 1949-1965. Vol.14. Pt.1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ioppEjkCkeEC&pg=PA511 |year=1987 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-24336-0 |page=511}}</ref><ref>
{{harvp|India, White Paper II|1959|p=40}}: [From the letter of Chinese Prime Minister dated 8 September 1959] "The Chinese Government has consistently held that an over-all settlement of the boundary question should be sought by both sides, [taking] into account the historical background and existing actualities and adhering to the Five Principles... Pending this, as a provisional measure, the two sides should maintain the long-existing status quo of the border, and not seek to change it by unilateral action, even less by force..."
</ref>{{efn|In his response, Nehru pointed out a long list of actions of China that violated the "status quo".{{sfnp|India, White Paper II|1959|loc=p. 50–51, item 3}} Throughout the border conflict of the 1960s, China always claimed that the Chinese gains were part of the "status quo", while branding Indian efforts to block them as "invasions".<ref>
{{cite book |last=Rose |first=Leo E. |title=Conflict in the Himalayas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=to0OAQAAIAAJ |date=1963 |publisher=Institute of International Studies, University of California |pages=7–8}}: "Less than a year later the Chinese casually presented India with a new map incorporating an additional 2,000 square miles of Ladakh as Chinese territory [in Aksai Chin]. When questioned on the divergence between the two maps, Chen Yi, the Chinese Foreign Minister, made the demonstrably absurd assertion that the boundaries as marked on both maps were equally valid."</ref><ref>
{{citation |first=Manoj |last=Joshi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/making-sense-of-the-depsang-incursion/article4689838.ece |title=Making sense of the Depsang incursion |newspaper=The Hindu |date=7 May 2013}}: 'The first is an established pattern where the PLA keeps nibbling at Indian territory to create new "facts on the ground" or a "new normal" in relation to their claimed LAC. They do this, as they have done in the past — occupy an area, then assert that it has always been part of their territory, and offer to negotiate.'
</ref>}}
Nehru accepted the proposal in his response. He indicated that the Indian forces would withdraw from Tamaden—another location where the McMahon Line was contested—and invited Zhou to do the same at Longju, while reassuring him that the Indian forces would not reoccupy it.<ref>{{harvp|Hoffmann|1990|p=72}}; {{harvp|India, White Paper II|1959|loc=p. 66–67, item 28}}; {{harvp|India, White Paper II|1959|loc=p. 75–76 (Annexure to the letter from the Prime Minister of India to the Prime Minister of China, 26 September 1959)}}</ref> The Chinese forces are said to have subsequently withdrawn from the Indian post at Longju, but remained in force at Migyitun.{{efn|
{{harvtxt|Hoffmann|1990|p=72}} states that the Chinese withdrew in October, but also that the Indians doubted that this had actually happened (footnote 41). See also {{harvtxt|Sandhu|Shankar|Dwivedi|2015|p=108}}. In December 1962, the Chinese said it was a "pure fabrication" that they had agreed to withdraw ({{harvtxt|Johri|1965|p=253}}).}}

On 2 October 1959, a discussion took place between Soviet and Chinese delegations in which [[Nikita Khrushchev|Khrushchev]] asked [[Mao Zedong|Mao]] "Why did you have to kill people on the border with India?" to which Mao replied that India attacked first. [[Zhou Enlai]], also present at the discussion then asked Khrushchev "What data do you trust more, Indian or ours?" [[Nikita Khrushchev|Khrushchev]] replied that there were no deaths among the Chinese and only among the Hindus.<ref>"[http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112088 Discussion between N.S. Khrushchev and Mao Zedong]," October 02, 1959, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Archive of the President of the Russian Federation (APRF), f. 52, op. 1, d. 499, ll. 1-33, copy in Volkogonov Collection, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Translated by Vladislav M. Zubok.</ref>

=== Commentaries ===
Scholar Stephen Hoffmann states that while the Indians were trying to strengthen the NEFA frontier, the Chinese were engaged in "militarizing" it. Since the Indian-claimed border was undemarcated and the Chinese troops were convinced of links between the Indians and the hostile Tibetans, incidents were bound to occur.{{sfn|Hoffmann|1990|p=69}}

Vertzberger notes that the Longju incident took place in the larger context of deteriorating relations between China and India. China was suspicious of India's support of Tibetan activities while India was witnessing an aggressive China which was completely disregarding the 1951 agreement. The incident marked the transition in [[China–India relations]] from "verbal to physical violence".{{Sfn|Vertzberger|1984|p=xvii–xviii}}

=== 1960s ===
[[File:McMahon-Line-at-Migyitun-LSIB-vs-Chinese-claims.png|thumb|right|305px|Map 5: The border drawn by the US [[Office of the Geographer|Office of Geographer]] (in blue) approximates the 1914 McMahon Line. The [[Line of Actual Control]] in 2020 drawn by OpenStreetMap is in green.]]

On 29 August 1959, Assam Rifles set up a new post at the village of Maja, which was {{convert|3|mi}} south of Longju.<ref name="three miles"/>{{efn|The Indian official history of the war says that Maja was {{convert|6|mi}} south of Longju.{{sfn|Sinha|Athale|1992|p=258}} According to [[B. M. Kaul]], this was the walking distance, with 3 miles being the aerial distance.}}
In November 1959, Nehru proposed to Zhou that both sides withdraw from Longju and Zhou accepted.{{sfn|Van Eekelen|2015|p=220}}{{sfn|Johri|1965|p=253}} However, it is doubtful if the Chinese forces withdrew since they later called it a "pure fabrication" if there was such an agreement.<ref>
{{harvnb|Johri|1965|p=253}}: [Quoting a Chinese memorandum] "The Indian memorandum alleges that both sides agreed that neither Chinese nor Indian personnel should occupy the village. This is pure fabrication. It is appropriate to ask: When and in what manner did the two Governments agree to refrain from 'occupying' Longju? It is impossible for the Indian Government to produce any definite evidence on the question."
</ref><ref>Chinese memorandum dated 8 December 1962 {{harv|India, White Paper VIII|1963|p=60}}; Indian memorandum dated 19 December 1962 {{harv|India, White Paper VIII|1963|pp=67–68}}</ref>

In January 1962, the village of Roi,{{Efn|Also referred to as ''Longju Roi''. Alternative spellings include ''Roy'', ''Ryu''<ref name="May 1962"/> and ''Ruyu''.{{sfnp|India, White Paper VI|1962|loc=pp. 68–69 (Note given by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Peking, to the Embassy of India in China, 15 May 1962)}}}} half a mile south of Longju, was occupied by the Chinese. When India protested the action, the Chinese replied that Roi was in their territory.{{sfn|Johri|1965|p=253}}<ref name="May 1962">{{harvp|India, White Paper VI|1962|loc=pp. 77–79 (Note given by the Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi, to the Embassy of China in India, 28 May 1962)}}; {{Cite book |chapter=Text of India reply to Chinese note, 7 June 1962 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXIs9teQdSUC |title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 110-111 |date=1962 |publisher=United States Central Intelligence Agency |pages=P1–P2}}</ref>

The Longju sector did not witness any fighting during the [[Sino-Indian War|1962 war]]. After noticing that the Chinese attacks were being launched with overwhelming forces, all the border posts in the area were withdrawn. Indian posts were manned by paramilitary Assam Rifles, and it was not feasible to reinforce them with regular military due to lack of infrastructure.<ref>{{harvnb|Sinha|Athale|1992|p=261}}: "In response to that order from Army HQ, 4 Inf Div informed [them] that the post at Maja could not be reinforced by one [Rifle Company] because no DZ [drop zone] was available in Maja area which was two days march from Lemeking, the nearest IAF approved DZ."</ref> The Maja post was abandoned on 23 October 1962. The Indian history of the war states that the withdrawing troops faced an attack from the rear 8 km south of Maja.{{sfn|Sinha|Athale|1992|p=264}}
Subsequently, the Chinese troops occupied the entire area up to [[Limeking]] until 21 November 1962. After the ceasefire, they withdrew to their previous positions.{{sfn|Johri|1965|p=254}}{{sfn|Sandhu|Shankar|Dwivedi|2015|pp=110–111}}

After the 1962 war, India and China continued to blame each other in correspondence over Longju and other sensitive areas. On 25 June 1963, in a reply note to India, China said that its "frontier guards have long since completely withdrawn from the twenty-kilometre zones on the Chinese side of the line of actual control of November 7, 1959. As for Longju, it has always been part of China's territory [...] However, to create an atmosphere conducive to direct negotiations between the two sides, China has vacated it as one of the four disputed areas and has not even established any civilian checkpost there."{{sfn|India, White Paper X|1964|pp=39–40}}

Amid the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], India reported that 400 Chinese troops entered into Longju area and intruded to a depth of 2 miles into the Subansiri district.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=13 December 1965|title=Unprovoked Chinese intrusion into Longu area across International Border|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Ministry of External Affairs.|url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/EXTERNAL%20AFFAIRS/1965-OCT-DEC-EXTERNAL-AFFAIRS-VOL-5/PDF/EXT-1965-12-13_442.pdf|access-date=4 February 2021}}</ref> This was part of a larger series of incursions spanning the western, middle, and eastern sectors.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=3 February 1966|title=India's protest note to China|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Ministry of External Affairs.|url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/EXTERNAL%20AFFAIRS/1966-JAN-MARCH-VOL-1-EXTERNAL-AFFAIRS/PDF/EXT-1966-02-03_151.pdf|access-date=}}</ref>

== Current developments ==
During 2019–2020, China has constructed a new village near Longju, further into Indian claimed territory.<ref name="NDTV village">{{Cite news|last=Som|first=Vishnu|date=18 January 2021|title=Exclusive: China Has Built Village In Arunachal, Show Satellite Images|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/china-has-built-village-in-arunachal-pradesh-show-satellite-images-exclusive-2354154|newspaper=NDTV News}}</ref> The village is marked on Chinese maps as "Lowa Xincun" ("Lowa New Village"; {{zh|c=珞瓦新村|p=Luò wǎ xīncūn}}) and located at the confluence of the Mipa Chu river with Tsari Chu, a few yards north of the traditional Maja village. (Map 5.) [[NDTV News]] quoted a military analyst saying that China has maintained a [[small forward]] position in the valley since 2000, which has been uncontested by India. This has allowed China to gradually upgrade mobility in the valley eventually leading to the construction of the new village.<ref name="NDTV village"/><ref name="Arunachal Times 2021">[https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2021/01/19/satellite-images-show-chinese-building-infrastructures-in-arunachal/ Satellite images show Chinese building infrastructures in Arunachal], The Arunachal Times, 19 January 2021.</ref>

{{clear}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Guyot-Réchard |first=Bérénice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbktDQAAQBAJ |title=Shadow States: India, China and the Himalayas, 1910–1962 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2017 |isbn=9781107176799 |location=United Kingdom |pages=}}
* {{citation |last=Hoffmann |first=Steven A. |title=India and the China Crisis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BpSRwC5_EPUC |year=1990 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-06537-6}}
* {{citation |last=Huber |first=Toni |title=The Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain: Popular Pilgrimage and Visionary Landscape in Southeast Tibet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ac4PUrEtVtsC |year=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-535313-6}}
* {{citation |last=Johri |first=Sitaram |title=Chinese Invasion of NEFA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eZc5AQAAIAAJ |year=1965 |publisher=Himalaya Publications}}
* {{citation |last=Kavic |first=Lorne J. |title=India's Quest for Security: Defence Policies, 1947-1965 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BnAD5RIZtF4C&pg=PA67 |year=1967 |publisher=University of California Press}}
* {{citation |last=Mehra |first=Parshotam |title=The McMahon Line and After: A Study of the Triangular Contest on India's North-eastern Frontier Between Britain, China and Tibet, 1904-47 |year=1974 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=9780333157374 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3459 |via=archive.org}}
*{{Cite book |last=Mullik |first=Bhola Nath |title=The Chinese Betrayal: My Years with Nehru |publisher=Allied Publishers |year=1971 |location=India |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3408 |via=archive.org and PAHAR}}
* {{citation |last=Raghavan |first=Srinath |title=War and Peace in Modern India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbtBJb1bsHUC |date=2010 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-00737-7}}
* {{citation |last=Raghavan |first=K. N. |title=Dividing Lines |edition=Revised |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbBMDwAAQBAJ |year=2017 |orig-year=2012 |publisher=Leadstart/Platinum Press |isbn=978-93-5201-014-1 |id=}}
* {{citation |last1=Rose |first1=Leo E. |last2=Fisher |first2=Margaret W. |title=The North-East Frontier Agency of India |series=Near and Middle Eastern Series |volume=76 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=skxH_wsvqtUC&pg=PA9 |year=1967 |publisher=Office of Public Affairs, Department of State |lccn=67-62084}}
*{{citation |last1=Sandhu |first1=P. J. S. |last2=Shankar |first2=Vinay |last3=Dwivedi |first3=G. G.|title=1962: A View from the Other Side of the Hill |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=boBNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA152 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-84464-37-0 }}
* {{citation |first1=P.B. |last1=Sinha |first2=A.A. |last2=Athale |title=History of the Conflict with China, 1962 |publisher=History Division, Ministry of Defence, Government of India |year=1992 |url=http://www.php.isn.ethz.ch/lory1.ethz.ch/collections/coll_india/documents/WarWithChina_1962_000.pdf}}
* {{citation |last=Van Eekelen |first=Willem |title=Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China: A New Look at Asian Relationships |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3nsCgAAQBAJ |year=2015 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-30431-4}}
** {{Cite book |last=Van Eekelen |first=Willem Frederik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eTzBwAAQBAJ |title=Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China |publisher=Springer |year=1967 |isbn=9789401765558 |edition=Second |location=Netherlands}}
*{{Cite book |last=Vertzberger |first=Yaacov Y I |url=https://archive.org/details/misperceptionsin0000vert |title=Misperceptions in Foreign Policymaking: The Sino-Indian Conflict, 1959-1962 |publisher=Westview Press |year=1984 |isbn= 9780865319707|location=United States}}
;Primary sources
* {{citation |editor=India. Ministry of External Affairs |title=Notes, Memoranda and Letters Exchanged and Agreements Signed Between the Governments of India and China: September - November 1959, White Paper No. II |url=https://theasiadialogue.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/WhitePaper2NEW.pdf |year=1959 |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs |ref={{sfnref|India, White Paper II|1959}}}}
* {{citation |editor=India. Ministry of External Affairs |title=Notes, Memoranda and Letters Exchanged and Agreements Signed Between the Governments of India and China: November 1959 - March 1960, White Paper No. III |url=http://www.claudearpi.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/WhitePaper3NEW.pdf |year=1960 |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs |ref={{sfnref|India, White Paper III|1960}}}}
* {{citation |editor=India. Ministry of External Affairs |title=Notes, Memoranda and Letters Exchanged and Agreements Signed Between the Governments of India and China: November 1961 - June 1962, White Paper No. VI |url=http://www.claudearpi.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/WhitePaper6NEW.pdf |year=1962 |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs |ref={{sfnref|India, White Paper VI|1962}}}}
* {{citation |editor=India. Ministry of External Affairs |title=Notes, Memoranda and Letters Exchanged and Agreements Signed Between the Governments of India and China: July 1962 - October 1962, White Paper No. VII |url=http://www.claudearpi.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/WhitePaper7NEW.pdf |year=1962 |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs |ref={{sfnref|India, White Paper VII|1962}}}}
* {{citation |editor=India. Ministry of External Affairs |title=Notes, Memoranda and Letters Exchanged and Agreements Signed Between the Governments of India and China: October 1962 - January 1963, White Paper No. VIII |url=http://www.claudearpi.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/WhitePaper8NEW.pdf |year=1963 |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs |ref={{sfnref|India, White Paper VIII|1963}}}}
* {{citation |editor=India. Ministry of External Affairs |title=Notes, Memoranda and Letters Exchanged and Agreements Signed Between the Governments of India and China: July 1963 - January 1964, White Paper No. X |url=http://www.claudearpi.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/WhitePaper10NEW.pdf |via=claudearpi.net |year=1966 |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs |ref={{sfnref|India, White Paper X|1964}}}}
* {{citation |last=Kaul |first=B. M. |author-link=B. M. Kaul |title=The Untold Story |publisher=Allied Publishers |year=1967 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3340 |via=archive.org}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last=Palat |editor-first=Madhavan K. |title=Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Second Series |publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund |location=New Delhi |year=1999|volume=51 |url=https://archive.org/details/HindSwaraj-Nehru-SW2-51/2up |ref={{sfnref|Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Vol 51|1972}}}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last=Palat |editor-first=Madhavan K. |title=Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Second Series |volume=52 |publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund |location=New Delhi |year=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/HindSwaraj-Nehru-SW2-52/page/n3/mode/2up |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Vol 52|1972}}}}

{{coord|28.6405|93.3814|display=title}}

[[Category:Borders of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Disputed territories in Asia]]

Dhaniakhali saree

2025-10-09T04:15:39Z

RonaldKign: Creating A Bio

{{Short description|Traditional Indian garment}}
{{ infobox Sharee
| name = '''Dhaniakhali saree'''
| image =
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Dhaniyakhali Sharee
| origin‌‌_place = [[Dhaniakhali]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]], [[West Bengal]]
| origin‌‌_date =
| created_by =
| creation_date =
| ingredients = Cotton
| cotton_thread_count = 100/100
| length = 6 m.
| breadth =
| anchal =
| style of anchal =
| colour = Traditionally Grey
| style = Bengal Tradition
| borders = 1.5 inch to 2 inch
| style of borders =
| usage = Normal day life and Festival
| variants =
| related_saree =
| manufacturer =
| distributor =
| gi_status = Registered
| file_no = 176
| website =
}}

'''Dhaniakhali saree''' ({{langx|bn|ধনিয়াখালি শাড়ি}}) is a cotton saree made in [[Dhaniakhali]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-25/kolkata/28099603_1_textile-park-howrah-minister|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411033734/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-25/kolkata/28099603_1_textile-park-howrah-minister|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-04-11|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Textile park planned at Howrah mill}}</ref> It is a saree with 100 by 100 cotton thread count, borders between 1.5 and 2 inches and six metre long drape.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-25/india/29581530_1_sarees-designs-weavers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419120518/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-25/india/29581530_1_sarees-designs-weavers|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-04-19|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=The 'Mamata Saree' in hot demand}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/life/|title=Travel and tourism|work=The Hindu Business Line}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Ilkal saree]]
*[[Navalgund Durries]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Sari}}
{{Geographical indications in West Bengal}}
{{West Bengal}}

[[Category:Saris]]
[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Cotton industry in India]]

Rambi Bazar

2025-08-01T20:08:24Z

RonaldKign: Added new pg!

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = '''Rambi Bazar'''
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = 
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Urban Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.9926|N|88.4138|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kalimpong district|Kalimpong]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,000
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code =
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kalimpong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kalimpong]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = Nearest Cities
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Kalimpong]], [[Siliguri]]
| website = {{URL|kalimpong.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Rambi Bazar''' is an urban village lying near [[Teesta River]] in the [[Kalimpong I]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Kalimpong Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Kalimpong district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. The town lies on the [[National Highway 10 (India)|National Highway 10]] connecting [[Siliguri]] and [[Gangtok]]. [[Teesta Low Dam - III Hydropower Plant]] and [[Riyang railway station]] lies in Rambi. Rambi bazaar is famous for Mushroom, there are around 30 to 40 mushroom shops and stalls in the market area where different types of edible mushrooms are available for sale.

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=280| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|27|1|0|N|88|40|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in the Kalimpong Sadar subdivision in Kalimpong district''' CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, M: municipality, F: facility, NP: national park Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village) Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|27|7|4|N|88|35|1|E}}| label-pos1=right|label1= Algarah| numbered1=R| mark-title1= [[Algarah]] (R)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C42222|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|27|5|33|N|88|28|53|E}}| label-pos2=left|label2=Bhalukhop| numbered2=R| mark-title2= [[Bhalukhop]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|27|8|45|N|88|38|12|E}}| label-pos3=right|label3=Bich Kagay| numbered3=R| mark-title3= [[Bich Kagay]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|27|5|53|N|88|52|18|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Bindu| numbered4=R| mark-title4= [[Bindu, Kalimpong]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|26|57|18|N|88|41|42|E}}| label-pos5=left|label5=Gorubathan| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Gorubathan]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|27|7|55|N|88|34|32|E}}| label-pos6=right|label6=Icche Gaon| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Icche Gaon]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|27|2|0|N|88|52|23|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7=Jaldhaka| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Jaldhaka]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|27|2|40|N|88|52|26|E}}| label-pos8=right|label8=Jhalong| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Jhalong]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|27|0|2|N|88|49|39|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Kumai TG| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Kumai Tea Garden]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|27|5|10|N|88|39|38|E}}| label-pos10=left|label10=Lava| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Lava, West Bengal]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|27|1|14|N|88|33|54|E}}| label-pos11=left|label11=Loleygaon| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Loleygaon]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|26|56|59|N|88|42|47|E}}| label-pos12=right|label12=Lower Fagu TG| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Lower Fagu Tea Garden]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|26|52|39|N|88|30|7|E}}| label-pos13=right|label13=Mongpong| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Mongpong]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|26|56|35|N|88|26|30|E}}| label-pos14=right|label14= Kalijhora| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Kalijhora]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|27|9|36|N|88|36|56|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15= Pedong| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Pedong]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|27|7|17|N|88|34|0|E}}| label-pos16=left|label16= Ramdhura| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Ramdhura]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|26|59|33|N|88|25|0|E}}| label-pos17=bottom|label17= Rambi Bazar| numbered17=R| mark-title17= Rambi Bazar (R)| shape-color17=black| label-size17=13|label-color17=black 
|mark-coord18={{coord|27|6|43|N|88|39|40|E}}| label-pos18=right|label18= Rishyap| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Rishyap]] (R)
|mark-coord19={{coord|27|2|36|N|88|50|6|E}}| label-pos19=left|label19= Rongo| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Rongo, Kalimpong]] (R)
|mark-coord20={{coord|27|3|18|N|88|39|20|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20= Samabiyong TG| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Samabiyong Tea Garden]] (R)
|mark-coord21={{coord|27|8|44|N|88|34|48|E}}| label-pos21=left|label21= Sillery Gaon| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Sillery Gaon]] (R)
|mark-coord22={{coord|27|0|48|N|88|47|16|E}}| label-pos22=left|label22= Suntalekhola| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Suntalekhola]] (R)
|mark-coord23={{coord|27|3|36|N|88|25|48|E}}| label-pos23=top|label23= Teesta Bazaar| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Teesta Bazaar]] (R)
|mark-coord24={{coord|27|6|35|N|88|49|30|E}}| label-pos24=left|label24= Todey|labela24= Tangta| numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Todey Tangta]] (R)
|mark-coord25={{coord|26|58|37|N|88|35|26|E}}| label-pos25=left|label25= Nimbong| numbered25=R| mark-title25= [[Nimbong]] (R)
|mark-coord26={{coord|27|6|0|N|88|41|0|E}}| label-pos26=left|label26= Kolakham| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Kolakham]] (R)
|mark-coord27={{coord|27|9|46|N|88|34|50|E}}| label-pos27=left|label27= Mansong| numbered27=R| mark-title27= [[Mansong]] (R)
|mark-coord28={{coord|27|3|25|N|88|28|12|E}}| label-pos28=right |label28=Kalimpong| numbered28=M| mark-title28= [[Kalimpong]] (M)| shape-color28=#800000
|mark-coord29={{coord|27|4|32|N|88|29|50|E}}| label-pos29=right|label29=Dungra| numbered29=CT| mark-title29= [[Dungra, Kalimpong]] (CT) |shape-color29= #A40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|27|5|22|N|88|29|50|E}} | label-pos30=top|label30= Dr. Graham's Homes| numbered30=F| mark-title30= [[Dr. Graham's Homes]] (F) |shape-color30=#967117
|mark-coord31={{coord|27|5|30|N|88|45|0|E}}| label-pos31=bottom|label31=Neora Valley |labela31= National Park| numbered31=NP| mark-title31= [[Neora Valley National Park]] (NP)| shape-color31=#228B22
|mark-coord32={{coord|27|1|50|N|88|26|10|E}}|label32= Teesta |labela32=River| label-color32 = #77A1CB| label-angle32=75| label-pos32=top| label-size32=10| mark-size32=0| mark-title32=none
|mark-coord33={{coord|26|58|50|N|88|52|23|E}}|label33= Jaldhaka River| label-color33 = #77A1CB| label-angle33=85| label-pos33=top| label-size33=10| mark-size33=0| mark-title33=none
|mark-coord34={{coord|26|55|42|N|88|27|21|E}}| label34= Teesta Low|labela34= Dam IV| label-color34 = #C42222 | label-angle34=0| label-pos34=right| label-size34=10| mark-size34=12| numbered34=D|mark-title34 =[[Teesta Low Dam - IV Hydropower Plant]]| shape-color34=#C42222
|mark-coord35={{coord|27|0|6|N|88|26|35|E}}| label35= Teesta Low|labela35= Dam III| label-color35 = #C42222 | label-angle35=0| label-pos35=right| label-size35=10| mark-size35=12| numbered35=D|mark-title35 =[[Teesta Low Dam - III Hydropower Plant]]| shape-color35=#C42222
|arc-coordA={{coord|27|7|0|N|88|25|0|E}}|arc-textA= SIKKIM| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-50| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4
|arc-coordB={{coord|27|10|0|N|88|54|0|E}}|arc-textB= BHUTAN| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=50| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}}

===Location===
Rambi Bazar is located at {{coord|26.9926|N|88.4138|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
The map alongside shows the Kalimpong Sadar subdivision of Kalimpong district. Physiographically, this area forms the Kalimpong Range, with the average elevation varying from {{convert|300 to 3000|m}}. This region is characterized by abruptly rising hills and numerous small streams.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Page 13: Physiography| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |accessdate = 6 April 2020}}</ref> It is a predominantly rural area with 77.67% of the population living in rural areas and only 22.23% living in the urban areas. While [[Kalimpong]] is the only municipality, [[Dungra, Kalimpong|Dungra]] is the sole [[census town]] in the entire area.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Hanbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling |work = Table 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 6 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The economy is agro-based and there are 6 tea gardens in the Gorubathan CD block.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://kalimpongdistrict.in/about-kalimpong/ |title = About Kalimpong District |work = Tea Gardens |publisher = District administration |accessdate = 6 April 2020}}</ref> In 2011, Kalimpong subdivision had a literacy rate of 81.85%, comparable with the highest levels of literacy in the districts of the state.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Hanbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling |work = Table 4.5 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 6 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html |title = Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : West Bengal | work = Statement-4 Ranking of Districts by Literacy Rate in 2001 and 2011 | publisher =Office of the Registrar General and & Census Commissioner, India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |accessdate = 2012-06-20 }}</ref> While the first degree college in the subdivision was established at [[Kalimpong]] in 1962<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.collegeadmission.in/KalimpongCollege/Kalimpong_College.shtml | title = Kalimpong College | publisher = College Admission | accessdate = 6 April 2020 | archive-date = 6 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200406112603/https://www.collegeadmission.in/KalimpongCollege/Kalimpong_College.shtml | url-status = dead }}</ref> the entire subdivision (and now the entire district), other than the head-quarters, had to wait till as late as 2015 (more than half a century) to have their first degree colleges at [[Pedong]] and [[Gorubathan]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://pedongcollege.in/ |title = Government General Degree College at Pedong |publisher= GGDC | accessdate = 6 April 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.gorubathanggdc.co.in/ |title = Government General Degree College, Gorubathan |publisher= GGDC | accessdate = 6 April 2020 }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Rambi Bazar had a total population of 1,000 of which 510 (51%) were males and 490 (49%) were females. There were 104 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate people in Rambi Bazar was 775 (86.50% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 2 April 2020 }}</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:Lower Dam III across Teesta River, AJTJ P1110122.jpg|thumb|left|Teesta Low Dam III]]
[[Teesta Low Dam - III Hydropower Plant]] produces 132 MW of electricity.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://cdedse.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/7Development-Induced-Displacement-and-its-socio-economic-impact-on-local-communities-A-Case-Study-of-The-Teesta-Low-Dam-Project-Stage-III-TLDP-III-in-Darjeeling-West-Bengal.pdf | title = Development Induced Displacement and its socio-economic impact on local communities: A Case Study of The Teesta Low Dam Project Stage III (TLDP III) in Darjeeling, West Bengal| work= The Dam| publisher = CDEDSE |accessdate = 2 April 2020}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Rambi Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Kalimpong I CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Samthar (with 6 beds) and [[Teesta Bazaar]] (with 10 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | accessdate =3 April 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 3 April 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Transport==
[[National Highway 10 (India)|National Highway 10]] connecting [[Siliguri]] and [[Gangtok]] passes through Rambi Bazar.
The town is served by [[Riyang Railway Station]] which is the part of under-construction [[Sivok–Rangpo line|Sivok Rangpo Railway line]]. [[Bagdogra Airport|Bagdogra International Airport]] is the nearest airport from Rambi Bazaar.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kalimpong District}}

[[Category:Villages in Kalimpong district]]

Amitav Ghosh (banker)

2025-04-28T02:32:51Z

RonaldKign: quick refine intro for accuracy further and corrected details for accuracy

{{Short description|Indian banker (1930–2020)}}
{{For|the writer|Amitav Ghosh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Amitav Ghosh
| office = 16th [[Governor of Reserve Bank of India]]
| image =
| predecessor = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| successor = [[R. N. Malhotra]]
| term_start = 15 January 1985
| term_end = 4 February 1985
| office2 = Deputy Governor of [[Reserve Bank of India]]
| term3 = 21 January 1982 – 15 January 1985
| term2 = 5 February 1985 – 20 January 1992
| governor2 = [[I.G. Patel]] [[Manmohan Singh]]
| governor3 = [[R.N. Malhotra]] [[S. Venkitaramanan]]
| birth_date = 1930
| death_date = {{death date and age|2020|9|16|1930|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater =
| signature =
}}

'''Amitav Ghosh''' (1930 – 16 September 2020) was an Indian [[bank]]er. He served for 20 days from 15 January to 4 February 1985, as the 16th [[List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India|Governor]] of the [[Reserve Bank of India]].<ref name="RBI">{{cite web
|url=http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/governors.aspx#ghosh
|title=A Ghosh
|accessdate=2008-09-15
|publisher=Reserve Bank of India
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916083919/http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/governors.aspx
|archivedate=16 September 2008
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Anup |date=16 September 2020 |title=Amitabha Ghosh, who served as RBI governor for 21 days, passes away at 90 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/amitabha-ghosh-who-served-as-rbi-governor-for-15-days-passes-away-at-90-120091601680_1.html |access-date=18 March 2025 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> His term was the shortest ever served by any Reserve Bank of India governor.<ref name="RBI" /> He died at age 90.

==Career==
Previously, Ghosh had been appointed RBI deputy governor. Before this Ghosh was the chairman of [[Allahabad Bank]]. He was also a Director of the [[IDBI Bank]] and was on the governing body of the National Institute of Bank Management.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Notes==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061230121809/http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/governors.aspx List of Governors of RBI]

{{Governors of Reserve Bank of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Amitav}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian bankers]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Governors of the Reserve Bank of India]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kolkata]]

{{India-business-bio-stub}}

Diggi

2025-04-06T12:04:43Z

RonaldKign: Creating New Details...

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Diggi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
|other_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type = [[Village]]
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Tonk district|Tonk]]
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_total = 11,070
|population_footnotes = <ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook 2011 - Tonk|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1086/download/3358/DH_2011_0822_PART_A_DCHB_TONK.pdf|website=[[Census of India]]|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 66.13%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 944
| leader_title = [[sarpanch]]
| leader_name =
|coordinates = {{coord|26|22|40|N|75|26|16|E|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
|pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
}}

'''Diggi''' village is located in [[Malpura]] tehsil of [[Tonk district]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Rajasthan: जोशीमठ जैसे दरक रहा टोंक का डिग्गी गांव, दहशत में लोगों ने खाली किए घर, इतने मकानों में आई दरार|url=https://www.amarujala.com/rajasthan/cracks-in-houses-in-tonk-village-like-joshimath-2023-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=पंचायत चुनाव के लिए डिग्गी ग्राम में लगी चौपाल में उमड़े लोग, प्रत्याशियों से सीधे सवाल कर पूछा मेरा वोट आपकों क्यों ?|url=https://www.patrika.com/tonk-news/people-gathered-in-chaupal-in-diggi-village-for-panchayat-elections-5665417/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=फिर गूंजेंगे डिग्गीपुरी राजा के जयकारे, जयपुर से बुधवार को कल्याणधणी के जाएंगे लाखों भक्त|url=https://www.patrika.com/jaipur-news/jaipur-religious-news-diggi-kalyan-ji-temple-57th-padyatra-7687204/}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Tonk district]]

{{Ajmerdivision-geo-stub}}

List of accolades received by Kal Ho Naa Ho

2025-03-25T10:28:50Z

RonaldKign: added new pg.

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of accolades received by ''Kal Ho Naa Ho''}}
{| class="infobox" style="width: 25em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; vertical-align: middle;"
|+ List of accolades received by ''Kal Ho Naa Ho''
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | {{multiple image|border=infobox|total_width=350
|image1=Jaya Bachchan still16.jpg|image2=Saif at Chef event.jpg|image3=Preity Zinta at an event for ISHKQ IN PARIS.jpg}}
[[Jaya Bachchan]], [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Preity Zinta]] garnered several awards and nominations for their performances in ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]''.
|-
| colspan=3 |
{| class="collapsible collapsed" width=100%
! colspan=3 style="background-color: #D9E8FF; text-align: center;" | Accolades
|-
|- style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:center;" | '''Award'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#cec; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;"| '''Won'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#fcd; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;"| '''Nominated'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Filmfare Awards]]
|{{won|8}}
|{{nom|11}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|{{won|13}}
|{{nom|17}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[National Film Awards]]
|{{won|2}}
|{{nom|2}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Producers Guild Film Awards]]
|{{won|6}}
|{{nom|18}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Screen Awards]]
|{{won|3}}
|{{nom|16}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Stardust Awards]]
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|1}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|{{won|2}}
|{{nom|13}}
|}
|- style="background:#d9e8ff;"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"|
;Total number of awards and nominations{{efn|Awards in certain categories do not have prior nominations and only winners are announced by the jury. For simplification and to avoid errors, each award in this list has been presumed to have had a prior nomination.}}
|-
|{{won|'''Totals'''}}
|{{won|'''35'''}}
|{{nom|'''78'''}}
|- style="background:#d9e8ff;"
| colspan="3" style="font-size: smaller; text-align:center;" | [[#References|References]]
|}
''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' ({{translation|''Tomorrow May Never Come''}}) is a 2003 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[comedy-drama]] film directed by [[Nikkhil Advani]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Das |first=Jui Chakravorty |date=22 June 2009 |title=Indian films in New York create Bollywood-on-Hudson |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bollywood-newyork/indian-films-in-new-york-create-bollywood-on-hudson-idUSTRE55L00420090622 |url-status=live |access-date=7 January 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180107080917/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bollywood-newyork/indian-films-in-new-york-create-bollywood-on-hudson-idUSTRE55L00420090622 |archive-date=7 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Goyal |first=Samarth |date=28 November 2017 |title=14 years of Kal Ho Naa Ho: Nikhil Advani understands Karan Johar's regret of not directing the film himself |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/14-years-of-kal-ho-naa-ho-karan-johar-regrets-of-not-directing-the-film-himself-says-nikhil-advani/story-hJ5kpjDaqcl20GqgYrZVIM.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228075500/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/14-years-of-kal-ho-naa-ho-karan-johar-regrets-of-not-directing-the-film-himself-says-nikhil-advani/story-hJ5kpjDaqcl20GqgYrZVIM.html |archive-date=28 December 2017}}</ref> The film stars [[Jaya Bachchan]], [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Preity Zinta]]. [[Sushma Seth]], [[Reema Lagoo]], [[Lillete Dubey]] and [[Delnaaz Irani]] play supporting roles.<ref name="BOI KHNH Cast">{{Cite web |title=Kal Ho Naa Ho Cast |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=508 |website=[[Box Office India]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104093356/https://boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=508 |archive-date=4 January 2018 |access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="TVGuide KHNH">{{Cite web |title=Kal Ho Naa Ho |url=http://www.tvguide.com/movies/kal-ho-naa-ho/cast/137332/ |website=[[TV Guide]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104092557/http://www.tvguide.com/movies/kal-ho-naa-ho/cast/137332/ |archive-date=4 January 2018 |access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 Reasons Sweetu Is Actually The Most Relatable Character In "Kal Ho Naa Ho" |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/imaansheikh/sweetu-me-too |last=Sheikh |first=Imaan |date=29 November 2016 |website=[[BuzzFeed]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104094104/https://www.buzzfeed.com/imaansheikh/sweetu-me-too?utm_term=.niZEZ8PX1D#.mezoG0m6KJ |archive-date=4 January 2018 |access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref> The film's story focuses on Naina Catherine Kapur (Preity Zinta), an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] student who falls in love with Aman Mathur (Shah Rukh Khan). He does not reciprocate her feelings as he is a [[Terminal illness|terminally ill]] heart patient, a fact he hides from Naina. Aman does not wish to bring Naina any pain through his illness, and tries to make her fall in love with her friend and fellow MBA classmate Rohit Patel (Saif Ali Khan).<ref name="BOI KHNH Cast" /><ref name="KHNH NewsX">{{Cite news |last=Bhalla |first=Arshiya |date=28 November 2017 |title=14 years of Kal Ho Na Ho: Five heartbreaking moments from the soulful film |work=[[NewsX]] |url=http://www.newsx.com/entertainment/14-years-of-kal-ho-na-ho-five-heartbreaking-moments-from-the-soulful-film |url-status=live |access-date=11 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111174756/http://www.newsx.com/entertainment/14-years-of-kal-ho-na-ho-five-heartbreaking-moments-from-the-soulful-film |archive-date=11 January 2018}}</ref> The film's dialogues were written by [[Niranjan Iyengar]] while [[Karan Johar]] drafted the story and screenplay.<ref name="BHKHNH">{{Cite web |title=Kal Ho Naa Ho Cast & Crew |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kal-ho-naa-ho/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=28 November 2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227180535/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kal-ho-naa-ho/cast/ |archive-date=27 December 2017 |access-date=27 December 2017}}</ref> The latter also co-produced the film with his father, [[Yash Johar]], under the [[Dharma Productions]] banner. The soundtrack for ''Kal Ho Naa Ho'' was composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] while [[Javed Akhtar]] wrote the lyrics for its songs.<ref name="BHKHNH" /> [[Anil Mehta]] and Sanjay Sankla handled the cinematography and editing respectively. [[Sharmishta Roy]] was in charge of the production design.<ref name="TVGuide KHNH" />

Produced on a budget of [[Indian rupee sign|₹]]280 million,<ref name="Kal Ho Naa Ho BOI">{{Cite web |title=Kal Ho Naa Ho |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=508 |website=Box Office India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104113910/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=508 |archive-date=4 January 2018 |access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref>{{efn|The average exchange rate in 2003 was 45.66 [[Indian rupee]]s ({{INR}}) per 1 US dollar (US$).<ref name="Money Exchange">{{Cite web |title=Rupee vs dollar: From 1990 to 2012 |url=http://inwww.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-rupee-vs-dollar-in-the-last-2-decades/20120518.htm?print=true |date=18 May 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321115240/http://inwww.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-rupee-vs-dollar-in-the-last-2-decades/20120518.htm?print=true |archive-date=21 March 2015 |access-date=31 March 2016}}</ref>|name=exchange2003}} ''Kal Ho Naa Ho'' was released on 27 November 2003 and received positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kal Ho Naa Ho |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/kal-ho-naa-ho/222273 |last=Nahata |first=Komal |authorlink=Komal Nahta |date=8 December 2003 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102121449/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/kal-ho-naa-ho/222273 |archive-date=2 January 2018 |access-date=2 January 2018}} {{Cite web |title=Kal Ho Naa Ho |url=http://www.stardust.co.in/display_Standard.asp?section=reviews&subsection=&xml=December2003_reviews_standard50 |last=Mukherjee |first=Ram Kamal |authorlink=Ram Kamal Mukherjee |date=28 November 2003 |website=[[Stardust (magazine)|Stardust]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031226072038/http://www.stardust.co.in/display_Standard.asp?section=reviews&subsection=&xml=December2003_reviews_standard50 |archive-date=26 December 2003 |access-date=11 September 2011}} {{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Jitesh |date=19 April 2004 |title=Kal Ho Naa Ho |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bollywood/Kal-Ho-Naa-Ho/articleshow/625194.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102125101/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bollywood/Kal-Ho-Naa-Ho/articleshow/625194.cms |archive-date=2 January 2018}} {{Cite web |title=Yes, Kal Ho Naa Ho is worth watching! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/nov/25kal.htm/ |last=Iyer |first=Rohini |date=25 November 2003 |website=Rediff.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102130013/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/nov/25kal.htm/ |archive-date=2 January 2018 |access-date=2 January 2018}}</ref> It was a commercial success, grossing ₹860.9 million worldwide.<ref name="Kal Ho Naa Ho BOI" />{{efn|name=exchange2003}} The film won 35 awards from 78 nominations; its direction, story, screenplay, performances of the cast members, music and cinematography have received the most attention from award groups.

At the [[51st National Film Awards]], Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy and [[Sonu Nigam]] won for [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Direction]] and [[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] respectively. ''Kal Ho Naa Ho'' led the [[49th Filmfare Awards]] with 11 nominations including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]] (Karan Johar, Yash Johar), [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Nikkhil Advani) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Shah Rukh Khan).<ref name="Filmfare Awards">{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Nominees and Winners |url=https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0 |website=[[Filmfare]] |format=PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019034032/https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0 |archive-date=19 October 2015 |access-date=7 January 2018 |pages=116–119}}</ref> It went on to win in eight categories, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Zinta), [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (Saif Ali Khan) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (Bachchan).<ref name="Filmfare Awards" /> The film won 13 awards out of 17 nominations at the [[5th IIFA Awards]], including [[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]] (Karan Johar, Yash Johar), [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Zinta), [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (Saif Ali Khan) and [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (Bachchan). It garnered 18 nominations at the inaugural ceremony of the [[Producers Guild Film Awards]] and won six, [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]] (Bachchan), [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] (Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy), [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] (Akhtar), [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] (Sonu Nigam), [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Debut Director|Best Debut Director]] (Advani) and Best Cinematography (Mehta). Among other wins, ''Kal Ho Naa Ho'' received three [[Screen Awards]], two [[Zee Cine Awards]] and a [[Stardust Awards|Stardust Award]].

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[National Film Awards]]
|rowspan="2" | [[51st National Film Awards|3 February 2005]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Direction]]
| {{sort|Loy|[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]}}
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=51st National Film Awards 2004 |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107120817/http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf |archive-date=7 January 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Nigam|[[Sonu Nigam]]}} for "Kal Ho Naa Ho"
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="13" | [[Filmfare Awards]]
|rowspan="13" | [[49th Filmfare Awards|20 February 2004]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{sort|Johar|[[Karan Johar]]}}, [[Yash Johar]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="13" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Filmfare Awards" /> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ausaja |first=S. M. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXLFDAAAQBAJ |title=Bollywood in Posters |publisher=Om Books International |year=2009 |isbn=978-81-87108-55-9 |location=[[Noida]] |page=244 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/filmfare/20040222.htm |title=For Hrithik, it is a Preity night to remember |author=Rediff Entertainment Bureau |work=Rediff.com |date=22 February 2004 |access-date=16 September 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{sort|Advani|[[Nikkhil Advani]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| {{sort|Rukh Khan|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{sort|Zinta|[[Preity Zinta]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| {{sort|Ali Khan|[[Saif Ali Khan]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{sort|Bachchan|[[Jaya Bachchan]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| {{sort|Loy|[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
| {{sort|Akhtar|[[Javed Akhtar]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Nigam|[[Sonu Nigam]]}} for "[[Kal Ho Naa Ho (song)|Kal Ho Naa Ho]]"
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Yagnik|[[Alka Yagnik]]}} for "[[Kal Ho Naa Ho (song)|Kal Ho Naa Ho]]" (sad version)
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Scene of the Year|Best Scene of the Year]]
| "The Diary Scene"
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | Motolook of the Year
| {{sort|Zinta|[[Preity Zinta]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| {{sort|Ali Khan|[[Saif Ali Khan]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="17" | [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|rowspan="17" | [[5th IIFA Awards|20–22 May 2004]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{sort|Johar|[[Karan Johar]]}}, [[Yash Johar]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="17" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kal Ho Naa Ho leads IIFA nominees |url=https://www.screendaily.com/kal-ho-naa-ho-leads-iifa-nominees/4018041.article |last=Kay |first=Jeremy |date=2 April 2004 |website=[[Screen International|Screen Daily]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107094231/https://www.screendaily.com/kal-ho-naa-ho-leads-iifa-nominees/4018041.article |archive-date=7 January 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=IIFA Through the Years – IIFA 2004 : Singapore |url=http://www.iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2004/ |website=[[International Indian Film Academy Awards|International Indian Film Academy]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107103025/http://www.iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2004/ |archive-date=7 January 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{sort|Advani|[[Nikkhil Advani]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| {{sort|Rukh Khan|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{sort|Zinta|[[Preity Zinta]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| {{sort|Ali Khan|[[Saif Ali Khan]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{sort|Bachchan|[[Jaya Bachchan]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| {{sort|Loy|[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
| {{sort|Akhtar|[[Javed Akhtar]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Nigam|[[Sonu Nigam]]}} for "Kal Ho Naa Ho"
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Yagnik|[[Alka Yagnik]]}} for "Kal Ho Naa Ho" (sad version)
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
| {{sort|Johar|[[Karan Johar]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
| {{sort|Mehta|[[Anil Mehta]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| {{sort|Farah Khan|[[Farah Khan]]}} for "Maahi Ve"
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]
| {{sort|Loy|[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
| {{sort|Sankla|Sanjay Sankla}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
| {{sort|Malhotra|[[Manish Malhotra]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[IIFA Award for Best Makeup|Best Makeup]]
| {{sort|Contractor|Mickey Contractor}}
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="18" | [[Producers Guild Film Awards]]
|rowspan="18" | 29 May 2004
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{sort|Johar|[[Karan Johar]]}}, [[Yash Johar]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="18" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=1st Apsara Producers Guild Awards Nominees |url=http://apsaraawards.org/1st_apsara_awards_nominees.html |publisher=[[Producers Guild Film Awards]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111155559/http://apsaraawards.org/1st_apsara_awards_nominees.html |archive-date=11 January 2018 |access-date=11 January 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=1st Apsara Producers Guild Awards Winners |url=http://apsaraawards.org/1st_apsara_awards_winners.html |publisher=Producers Guild Film Awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111155807/http://apsaraawards.org/1st_apsara_awards_winners.html |archive-date=11 January 2018 |access-date=11 January 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=30 May 2004 |title='Koi Mil Gaya' bags top honours |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040531/nation.htm#11 |url-status=live |access-date=11 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111154657/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040531/nation.htm |archive-date=11 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{sort|Advani|[[Nikkhil Advani]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|Best Actor in a Leading Role]]
| {{sort|Rukh Khan|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]]
| {{sort|Zinta|[[Preity Zinta]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role|Best Actor in a Supporting Role]]
| {{sort|Ali Khan|[[Saif Ali Khan]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]
| {{sort|Bachchan|[[Jaya Bachchan]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| {{sort|Loy|[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
| {{sort|Akhtar|[[Javed Akhtar]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Nigam|[[Sonu Nigam]]}} for "Kal Ho Naa Ho"
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Das|[[Vasundhara Das]]}} for "It's The Time To Disco"
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Debut Director|Best Debut Director]]
| {{sort|Advani|[[Nikkhil Advani]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Screenplay
| {{sort|Johar|[[Karan Johar]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Cinematography
| {{sort|Mehta|[[Anil Mehta]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Editing
| {{sort|Sankla|Sanjay Sankla}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Art Design
| {{sort|Roy|[[Sharmishta Roy]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Sound Recording
| {{sort|Mathur|Anuj Mathur}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
| {{sort|Malhotra|[[Manish Malhotra]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Special Effects
| {{sort|Elxsi|[[Tata Elxsi]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="16" | [[Screen Awards]]
|rowspan="16" | 17 January 2004
| [[Screen Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{sort|Johar|[[Karan Johar]]}}, [[Yash Johar]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="16" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Special feature |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/special-feature-news-others-kkfvNSibdhesi.html |date=14 January 2004 |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107105851/http://www.sify.com/movies/special-feature-news-others-kkfvNSibdhesi.html |archive-date=7 January 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Screen Awards: Shocks & surprises |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/screen-awards-shocks--surprises-news-bollywood-kkfvNPjehfhsi.html |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |authorlink=Subhash K. Jha |date=18 January 2004 |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107105835/http://www.sify.com/movies/screen-awards-shocks-surprises-news-bollywood-kkfvNPjehfhsi.html |archive-date=7 January 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{sort|Advani|[[Nikkhil Advani]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| {{sort|Rukh Khan|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{sort|Zinta|[[Preity Zinta]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| {{sort|Ali Khan|[[Saif Ali Khan]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{sort|Bachchan|[[Jaya Bachchan]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| {{sort|Loy|[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
| {{sort|Akhtar|[[Javed Akhtar]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Male Playback|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| {{sort|Nigam|[[Sonu Nigam]]}} for "Kal Ho Naa Ho"
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
| {{sort|Johar|[[Karan Johar]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Dialogue
| {{sort|Iyengar|[[Niranjan Iyengar]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
| {{sort|Sankla|Sanjay Sankla}}
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Sound Recording
| {{sort|Mathur|Anuj Mathur}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
| {{sort|Mehta|Anil Mehta}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Art Direction
| {{sort|Roy|[[Sharmishta Roy]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Choreography
| {{sort|Farah Khan|[[Farah Khan]]}} for "Maahi Ve"
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="1" | [[Stardust Awards]]
|rowspan="1" | 4 February 2004
| [[Stardust Award for Actor of the Year – Female|Actor of the Year – Female]]
| {{sort|Zinta|[[Preity Zinta]]}}
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shahid, Amrita bag 'Stardust' awards |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/shahid-amrita-bag-stardust-awards-news-bollywood-kkfvNLfhfhesi.html |date=4 February 2004 |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129100735/http://www.sify.com/movies/shahid-amrita-bag-stardust-awards-news-bollywood-kkfvNLfhfhesi.html |archive-date=29 January 2018 |access-date=29 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="13" | [[Zee Cine Awards]]
|rowspan="13" | 26 February 2004
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{sort|Johar|[[Karan Johar]]}}, [[Yash Johar]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="13" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian film star Shahrukh Khan and his wife |url=http://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/indian-film-star-shahrukh-khan-and-his-wife-attend-the-news-photo/3018808#indian-film-star-shahrukh-khan-and-his-wife-attend-the-bollywood-zee-picture-id3018808 |date=26 February 2004 |website=[[Getty Images]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180107113439/http://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/indian-film-star-shahrukh-khan-and-his-wife-attend-the-news-photo/3018808?%23indian-film-star-shahrukh-khan-and-his-wife-attend-the-bollywood-zee-picture-id3018808 |archive-date=7 January 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zee Cine Awards 2004 Winners |url=http://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/2004/winners/ |website=[[Zee Cine Awards]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107113722/http://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/2004/winners/ |archive-date=7 January 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=27 February 2004 |title=Zee Cine Awards: Hrithik Best Actor, Urmila Best Actress |work=[[Khaleej Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/general/zee-cine-awards-hrithik-best-actor-urmila-best-actress |url-status=live |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120164220/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/general/zee-cine-awards-hrithik-best-actor-urmila-best-actress |archive-date=20 January 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 February 2004 |title=Zee Cine Awards 2004 takes flight |publisher=[[Indian Telly Awards|Indian Television]] |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/feb/feb68.htm |url-status=live |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180120164553/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/feb/feb68.htm |archive-date=20 January 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LwZiimV1GM |title=Zee Cine Awards 2004 Song of the year Kal Ho Naa Ho |date=3 October 2016 |publisher=Zee Cine Awards |place=[[Dubai]] |access-date=20 January 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{sort|Advani|[[Nikkhil Advani]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Male|Best Actor – Male]]
| {{sort|Rukh Khan|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Female|Best Actor – Female]]
| {{sort|Zinta|[[Preity Zinta]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Male|Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Male]]
| {{sort|Ali Khan|[[Saif Ali Khan]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female|Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female]]
| {{sort|Bachchan|[[Jaya Bachchan]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| {{sort|Loy|[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Track of the Year|Best Track of the Year]]
| "Kal Ho Naa Ho"
| {{won}}
|-
| "Maahi Ve"
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Audiography
| {{sort|Mathur|Anuj Mathur}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| {{sort|Farah Khan|[[Farah Khan]]}} for "Maahi Ve"
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
| {{sort|Iyengar|[[Niranjan Iyengar]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
| {{sort|Sankla|Sanjay Sankla}}
| {{nom}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Bollywood films of 2003]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0347304/awards Accolades for ''Kal Ho Naa Ho''] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]

{{featured list}}

[[Category:Lists of accolades by Indian film|Kal Ho Naa Ho]]

Nokkuvidya pavakali

2025-03-18T23:30:34Z

RonaldKign: Added bio

{{short description|Form of puppetry practiced in India}}
{{Infobox performing art
|name=Nokkuvidya pavakali
|image=File:Nokuvidyapavakali.jpg
|alt=
|caption= Ranjini, grand daughter of [[Moozhikkal Pankajakshi]] performing Nokuvidyapavakali at the stage of UTSAVAM2017 at Kanhangad in Kasaragod Dt.
|native_name= നോക്കുവിദ്യ പാവകളി (Malayalam)
|etymology=
|genre= [[Puppetry]]
|signature=
|instruments=[[Ganjira]], [[Kaimani]]
|inventor=
|year=
|origin= [[Kerala]], India
}}
{{Performing arts}}
'''Nokkuvidya pavakali''' or simply '''Nokkuvidya''' is a type of [[puppetry]] from [[Kerala]], India. It is a method of telling stories by moving small puppets fixed on a two foot long thin stick which is holding between the nose and the upper lip. It usually depicts stories from Ramayana and Mahabharata.

==Overview==
Nokkuvidya pavakali is a type of [[puppetry]] practiced in [[Kerala]], India. It is a method of telling stories by moving small puppets fixed on a thin stick which is holding between the nose and the upper lip.<ref name="Vanitha">{{Cite web |title=‘11 വയസ്സ് മുതൽ നോക്കുവിദ്യ പാവകളി പഠിച്ചുതുടങ്ങി; മച്ചിങ്ങ വീണ് മുഖത്ത് ചതവും ഈർക്കിലി കുത്തിക്കയറലും അന്ന് പതിവാണ്’; പത്മശ്രീയേക്കാൾ തിളക്കത്തോടെ പങ്കജാക്ഷിയമ്മ! {{!}} Padmasree award winner |url=https://www.vanitha.in/specials/womens-day-2020/padmasree-nokkuvidhya-pavakali-pankajakshiyamma-story.html |access-date=2023-04-10 |language=ml |website=vanitha.in |publisher=[[Vanitha]] |archive-date=2023-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410054046/https://www.vanitha.in/specials/womens-day-2020/padmasree-nokkuvidhya-pavakali-pankajakshiyamma-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Nokkuvidya is a folk art form performed by the Velapanikar community of Kerala.<ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-10 |title=അന്യം നിന്ന നോക്കുവിദ്യ പാവകളിയുമായി ഒരു മുത്തശ്ശിയും കൊച്ചുമകളും, അവരെ ലോകത്തിന് മുന്നിലെത്തിച്ച് മറ്റൊരു പെൺകുട്ടി |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/lifestyle/features/nokkuvidya-pavakali-preserve-grandmother-and-niece-the-life-of-padma-padma-shri-moozhikkal-pankajakshi-1.5583233 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=ml |archive-date=2023-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410054046/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/lifestyle/features/nokkuvidya-pavakali-preserve-grandmother-and-niece-the-life-of-padma-padma-shri-moozhikkal-pankajakshi-1.5583233 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was originally called Onamthullal as it was performed during the days of [[Onam]].<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> A Nokuvidya puppet show usually depicts the stories from [[Ramayana]], like the battle of [[Rama]] and [[Ravana]] and Sita's return.<ref name="Vanitha"/> Stories from [[Mahabharata]] are also performed.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/>

==Myth==
According to the myths, in the past, Shiva and Parvati disguised themselves as Kuravan and Kurathi (Velan and Velathi).<ref name="Vanitha"/> At that time Lord Shiva performed an art form to please Goddess Parvati.<ref name="Vanitha"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Meet KS Renjini: The 22-year-old Keralite striving to popularise rare 'nokkuvidya pavakali' art |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/good-news/2022/jan/23/meet-ks-renjini-the-22-year-old-keralite-striving-to-popularise-rare-nokkuvidya-pavakaliart-2410225.html |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |archive-date=2023-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410070955/https://www.newindianexpress.com/good-news/2022/jan/23/meet-ks-renjini-the-22-year-old-keralite-striving-to-popularise-rare-nokkuvidya-pavakaliart-2410225.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Lord Shiva was the first to perform Nokkuvidya by making few puppets out of wood hewed from Ezhilampala tree in the forest and fixing a kamuk stick below it.<ref name="Vanitha"/><ref name=":0" /> It is believed that the art form was later passed on to the later generations of the Velar community.<ref name="Vanitha"/>

==History==
Nokkuvidya is an art that was encouraged by the kings of [[Travancore]] by giving them silk and bangles.<ref name="Madhyamam">{{Cite web |last=C. H |first=VVija |date=2022-04-17 |title=രഞ്ജിനിയും നോക്കുവിദ്യ പാവകളിയും |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/lifestyle/woman/renjini-the-nokkuvidya-string-puppeteer-982006 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=www.madhyamam.com |publisher=[[Madhyamam]] |language=ml |archive-date=2023-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410054047/https://www.madhyamam.com/lifestyle/woman/renjini-the-nokkuvidya-string-puppeteer-982006 |url-status=live }}</ref> This art form was very popular in [[Kerala|South Kerala]] during Onam days.<ref name="Madhyamam"/> But this puppet show, disappeared from the performance over time.<ref name="Madhyamam"/> Later, [[Moozhikkal Pankajakshi]] brought this art form back to public attention.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Shilpa Nair |date=2021-04-28 |title=Nokkuvidya Pavakali’s lone practitioner |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/a-documentary-film-that-puts-the-spotlight-on-a-form-of-puppet-theatre-in-kerala-that-has-only-one-practitioner-left/article34428756.ece |access-date=2023-04-10 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2023-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410054046/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/a-documentary-film-that-puts-the-spotlight-on-a-form-of-puppet-theatre-in-kerala-that-has-only-one-practitioner-left/article34428756.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Ranjini, grand daughter of Moozhikkal Pankajakshi is also a noted performer of Nokuvidya pavakali.<ref name="Madhyamam"/>

==Making==
Puppets for the Nokkuvidya are made by carving the wood of Ezhilampala ([[Alstonia scholaris]]).<ref name="Vanitha"/> The two foot long stick which the puppets are fixed is made with wood of the kamuk ([[Areca catechu]]).<ref name="Vanitha"/> Natural coloring substances like charcoal, leaf extracts and fruit juice are used as colours.<ref name="Vanitha"/>

==Performance==
This art form is performed sitting on a grass mat spread on the ground. The Nokkuvidya pavakali begins by lighting a [[Nilavilakku]] and praying for the blessings of [[Ganesha]], [[Saraswati]] and [[Lakshmi]].<ref name="Vanitha"/> Then three lamps (represents three eyes of [[Shiva]]) fixed on a two-foot-long wooden stick, holding between the nose and the upper lip, is lit.<ref name="Vanitha"/>

After the initial prayers the puppet show begins. The puppets fixed on a two foot long stick will then be balanced above the head, holding between the nose and the upper lip.<ref name="Vanitha"/> The string connecting the puppets is moved gently with the hands to the rhythm of the song and the story.<ref name="Vanitha"/>

The background instruments used are Ganchira and Kaimani.<ref name="Madhyamam"/>

==Works on Nokkuvidya==
Reshmi Radhakrishnan's documentary film ''Nokkuvidya, The life of a lone string puppeteer'', screened at the International Documentary and Short Film Festival of Kerala, is about Nokkuvidya and it's performers Pankajakshi and Renjini.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=This Malayalam documentary is about a little-known puppetry form performed by women |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/malayalam-documentary-about-little-known-puppetry-form-performed-women-158851 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=The News Minute |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410071741/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/malayalam-documentary-about-little-known-puppetry-form-performed-women-158851 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Chadar Badar]], puppet art of Santhal people of India
* [[Gopalila]], puppet art of Odisha state of India
* [[Kathputli (puppetry)]], puppet art of Rajasthan state of India
* [[Rabana Chhaya]], shadow puppet art of Odisha state of India
* [[Sakhi kandhei]], string puppet art of Odisha state of India
* [[Shadow play]], shadow puppet art which originated in first millennium BCE in India
* [[Tholpavakoothu]], shadow puppet art of Kerala and Tami Nadu states of India
* [[Tholu bommalata]], shadow puppet art of Andhra Pradesh state of India
* [[Togalu gombeyaata]], shadow puppet art of Karnataka state of India
* [[Wayang]], puppet art of Indonesia inspired by Indian puppetry

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{culture of Kerala}}

[[Category:Kerala folklore]]
[[Category:Puppetry in India]]

India at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games

2024-09-14T15:38:56Z

RonaldKign:

{{refimprove|date=January 2022}}

{{Infobox country at games
|NPC=IND
|gold=12
|seealso=
|youthappearances=|winterappearances=|appearances=*
Not Participated [[2009 Asian Youth Para Games|2009]]
* [[2013 Asian Youth Para Games|2013]]
Participated
* [[2017 Asian Youth Para Games|2017]]
* 2021|rank=4|bronze=13|silver=16|officials=|NPCname=[[Paralympic Committee of India]]|flagbearer=[[Palak Kohli]] [[Praveen Kumar (para-athlete, born 2003)|Praveen Kumar]]|sports=|competitors=|location=[[2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Manama]]|games=Asian Youth Para Games|date=2–6 December 2021|year=2021|website=}}

[[India]] competed in the [[2021 Asian Youth Para Games]] which was held in [[Manama|Manama, Bahrain]] from 2 to 6 December 2021. The Indian contingent competed in four sports.

== Medalists ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
|-
!style="width:5em"| Medal
!style="width:12em"| Name
!style="width:9em"| Sport
!style="width:20em"| Event
!style="width:6em"| Date
|-
|{{gold medal}} || Kashish Lakra
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Women's Club Throw F51||
|-
|{{gold medal}} || Vikas Bhatiwal
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Men's Discus Throw F46||
|-
|{{gold medal}} || Praveen Kumar
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Men's High Jump T44||
|-
|{{gold medal}} || Vikram Singh
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Men's Javelin Throw F46||
|-
|{{gold medal}} || Karandeep Kumar
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Men's Long Jump T46||
|-
|{{gold medal}} || Meet Tadhani
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Men's 100 m T13||
|-
|{{gold medal}} || Meet Tadhani
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Men's 200 m T13||
|-
|{{gold medal}} || Ishan Khandelwal
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Men's 1500 m T11||
|-
|{{gold medal}} ||Sanjana Kumari
|| [[Badminton at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Badminton]] || Women's Singles SL3||
|-
|{{gold medal}} || Nithya Srimurthy Sivan || [[Badminton at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Badminton]] || Women's Singles SH6 ||
|-
|{{silver medal}} || Rahul
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Men's High Jump T43 ||
|-
|{{silver medal}} || Siddarth Kahar
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Men's Javelin Throw F35||
|-
|{{silver medal}} || Praveen Kumar
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Men's Long Jump T44||
|-
|{{silver medal}} || Darshan Soni
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Men's Long Jump T47||
|-
|{{silver medal}} || Vikash Bhatiwal
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Men's Shotput F46||
|-
|{{silver medal}} || Vikash Bhatiwal
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Women's Shotput F20||
|-
|{{silver medal}} || Maafi
|| [[Athletics at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Athletics]] || Men's 400 m T45||
|-
|{{silver medal}} || Hardik Makkar
|| [[Badminton at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Badminton]] || Men's Singles SU5 ||
|-
|{{silver medal}} || Jyothi Jyothi
|| [[Badminton at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Badminton]] || Women's Singles SL3 ||
|-
|{{silver medal}} || Karan Paneer Ruthick Raghupati
|| [[Badminton at the 2021 Asian Youth Para Games|Badminton]] || Men's Singles SU5 ||
|}
Source: <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/india-win-41-medals-at-asian-youth-para-games/articleshow/88170216.cms|title=India win 41 medals at Asian Youth Para Games | More sports News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=8 December 2021 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Asian Youth Para Games]]

Detroj railway station

2024-07-29T00:46:50Z

RonaldKign: enhance structure per standard format to improve readability

{{short description|Railway station in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Detroj
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| image =
| image_caption =
| address = [[Detroj]], [[Gujarat]]
| country = India
| elevation = {{convert|51|m|ft}}
| coordinates = {{coord|23.3403962| 72.1844170|display= inline}}
| map_type = India#India Gujarat
| line = [[Viramgam–Mahesana section]]
| other =
| structure = Standard (on ground)
| platform = 1
| levels =
| tracks = 3
| parking = Yes
| bicycle =
| opened = 1908
| closed =
| rebuilt = 2004
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = DTJ
| zone = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Ahmedabad}}
}}
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services =
| map_locator =
}}

'''Detroj railway station''' is a railway station in [[Ahmedabad district]], [[Gujarat]], India on the Western line of the [[Western Railway zone|Western railway]] network.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/detroj-dtj-station |title=Detroj Railway Station (DTJ) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry |publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=2018-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/detroj-dtj/5377| title=DTJ/Detroj| website=India Rail Info}}</ref> Detroj railway station is 29 km far away from {{stnlnk|Viramgam Junction}}. Passenger trains halt here.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.raildrishti.in/raildrishti/IRDBStationPDF.jsp?stncode=DTJ| title=DTJ:Passenger Amenities Details As on : 31/03/2018 Division : Ahmedabad| website=Raildrishti}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.raildrishti.in/raildrishti/IRDBStationTimeTable.jsp?stncode=DTJ| title=DTJ/Detroj| website=Raildrishti}}</ref>

Detroj has a car-stacking facility that serves a nearby [[Maruti Suzuki|Maruti Suzuki India]] factory.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.netans.com/2018/03/26/western-railway-maruti-cars/| title=Western Railway transports first lot of 125 Maruti cars from Detroj facility, 26-03-2018| website=Netans.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Gujarat}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1908]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Ahmedabad railway division]]

{{Gujarat-railstation-stub}}

Samarappanam

2024-04-28T03:22:21Z

RonaldKign: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[Jeevana Jyothi (1987 film)]]

Jawai Vikat Ghene Aahe

2024-04-21T17:19:33Z

RonaldKign: started new data!

{{Short description|Marathi-language television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Jawai Vikat Ghene Aahe.jpg
| image_size =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| language = Marathi
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
| writer =
| director =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| composer =
| voices =
| num_episodes = 283
| editor =
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| country = India
| first_aired = {{start date|2014|03|03|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2015|01|23|df=y}}
| producer = Sangeeta Sarang Rakesh Sarang
| company =
| runtime = 22 minutes
}}

'''''Jawai Vikat Ghene Aahe''''' ({{translation|Son-in-law is to buy}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language]] television series which aired on [[Zee Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jawai Vikat Ghene Aahe to go off air? - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/jawai-vikat-ghene-aahe-to-go-off-air/articleshow/45658883.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The series premiered from 3 March 2014 by replacing ''[[Radha Hi Bawari]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jawai replaced by Kanyadaan - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/jawai-replaced-by-kanyadaan/articleshow/46054946.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=मुलीच्या स्वप्नांची आणि आईच्या अट्टाहासाची आगळी-वेगळी कहाणी 'जावई विकत घेणे आहे'|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-zee-marathis-new-show-javai-vikat-ghene-aahe-4538650-PHO.html|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Tanvi Palav as Pranjal<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tanvi is all set to find her groom - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/tanvi-palav-javai-vikat-ghene-aahe/articleshow/31799815.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Niranjan Kulkarni as Raya<ref>{{Cite web|title=Javai Vikat Ghene Aahe have found its son-in-law - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/javai-vikat-ghene-aahe-niranjan-kulkarni-savita-prabhune-tanvi-palav-apala-buva-asa-ahe-uncha-maza-zoka-lakshya/articleshow/31101979.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* [[Savita Prabhune]] as Veena Pradhan
* [[Ashalata Wabgaonkar]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ashalata back on television - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/ashalata-back-on-television/articleshow/45492451.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Umesh Damle
* Sneha Raikar
* Milind Phatak
* Sachin Deshpande
* Kanchan Gupte
* Madhavi Nimkar
* Nupur Daithankar

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt14028210}}

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:2014 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2015 Indian television series endings]]

Avatar Meher Baba Trust

2024-04-12T07:45:28Z

RonaldKign: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[Meher Baba]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
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Subramanya Temple, Munnar

2024-03-30T05:38:31Z

RonaldKign: Created a location

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Subramanya Swami Temple Munnar
| image = File:Munnar Temple - Om Saravana Bhavan - മൂന്നാർ - ഓം ശരവണ ഭവൻ.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Subramanya Swami temple Munnar
| map_type = India#Kerala#Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Kerala
| coordinates = {{coord|10|05|21.2|N|77|03|39.4|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name =
திரு சுப்ரமணிய ஸ்வாமி திருக்கோவில், மூணாறு
ശ്രീ സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യ സ്വാമി ക്ഷേത്രം, മൂന്നാർ
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
| location = [[Munnar]]
| elevation_m = 1,480.74
| deity = [[Kartikeya]]
| festivals = [[Karthika Deepam]]
| architecture = Mixture of Kerala and Tamil architecture
| temple_quantity = One
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
|established =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| governing_body =
| website =
}}

'''Sri Subramanya Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] located in [[Munnar]] in [[Idukki district|Idukki]] district in the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. Lord [[Kartikeya|Muruga]] is the principal deity.

== Poojas ==
Three [[Puja (Hinduism)|poojas]] are held every day including 'Usha pooja' in morning section, 'Ucha pooja' in noon section and 'Attazha pooja' in desk section.

== Festivals ==
The annual festival 'Thrikarthika' is hosted in the Malayalam month of Vrischikam (i.e. November to December). Uthram asterism day in Meenam (i.e. March to April) is also an important festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blessingsonthenet.com/travel-india/destination/article/id/292/tour/id/243/temples--in--munnar|title=Temples In Munnar|website=blessingsonthenet.com|access-date=2016-12-12}}</ref>

== Temple ==
This temple located on a small hill was worshipped by the [[Muthuvan]] tribal community in the past. Later it was closed for a long time. But seeing the pathetic condition, the temple was renovated by the members of [[Travancore royal family|Travancore]] royal family when they came to visit Munnar during the summer season. Earlier [[Nambudiri]]s held the tantric rights of the temple. At present the rights are held by local [[Tamil Brahmin]]s. The temple is now administered by a committee of local [[Hindu]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://keralawindow.net/temples_idukki.html|title=Temples of Idukki|website=keralawindow.net|access-date=2016-12-12}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Idukki district]]
[[Category:Murugan temples in Kerala]]