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Anjali Nair (actress, born 1995)

2026-05-06T20:57:28Z

RomanStrock4259: Adding A Bio

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1995)}}
{{about|the actress who has appeared in Tamil films|the Malayalam actress|Anjali Nair (actress, born 1988)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anjali Nair
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Anjali Nair
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Cherthala, [[Kerala]], India
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress, model
| years_active = 2019–present
| imagesize =
| homepage =
| known_for =
}}

'''Anjali Nair''' is an Indian actress who has worked in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films. After making her debut in the Tamil film ''[[Nedunalvaadai]]'' (2019), she has been seen in films including ''[[Taanakkaran]]'' (2022) and ''[[Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham (2022 film)|Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham]]'' (2022).

==Career==
Anjali Nair made her acting debut in ''[[Nedunalvaadai]]'' (2019), and won positive acclaim for her portrayal of a village-based character, with a reviewer from ''[[The Hindu]]'' calling her performance a "revelation".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nedunalvaadai-review-of-love-and-sacrifice/article26543210.ece|title=‘Nedunalvaadai’ review: Of love and sacrifice|first=Srivatsan|last=S|date=15 March 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> In addition, a reviewer from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' noted that "debutant Anjali Nair holds this film together", while ''[[Times of India]]'' wrote the film is "supported by decent acting by Anjali".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/nedunalvaadai/movie-review/68386905.cms|title=Nedunalvaadai Movie Review {3.0/5}: Critic Review of Nedunalvaadai by Times of India|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/mar/16/superlative-performances-elevate-this-rural-drama-1951581.html|title='Nedunalvaadai' movie review: Superlative performances elevate this rural drama|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

In 2022, Anjali appeared in three Tamil films - the police drama ''[[Taanakkaran]]'', the thriller ''[[Yenni Thuniga]]'' and the romantic comedy ''[[Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham (2022 film)|Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/anjali-nair-to-play-the-female-lead-in-kaalangalil-aval-vasantham/articleshow/88414023.cms|title=Anjali Nair to play the female lead in Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/103858/cinema/Kollywood/Anjali-Nair-explains.htm|title=இடைவெளி ஏன்? அஞ்சலி நாயர் விளக்கம் | Anjali Nair explains|date=26 March 2022|website=தினமலர் - சினிமா}}</ref> Anjali also spoke out against film producers who had asked her to change her stage name, owing to the presence of [[Anjali Nair (actress, born 1988)|another actress of the same name]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/actress-anjali-nair-refuses-to-change-her-name-for-cinema-826298|title=சினிமாவுக்காக பெயரை மாற்ற முடியாது- அஞ்சலி நாயர்|date=31 October 2022|website=www.dailythanthi.com}}</ref>

==Filmography==
;Films
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2019 || ''[[Nedunalvaadai]]'' || Amudha ||
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2022 || ''[[Taanakkaran]]'' || Eeshwari ||
|-
| ''[[Yenni Thuniga]]'' || Jennifer ||
|-
| ''[[Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham (2022 film)|Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham]]'' || Radhe ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2024 || ''[[Once Upon A Time in Madras]]'' || Madhi ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|10549049}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nair, Anjali}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Tamil actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Malthon

2026-05-03T21:01:28Z

RomanStrock4259: added entry

{{short description|City in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Malthon
| other_name =
| image_skyline = Kanakdhar Kund Water Fall.png
| image_caption = Kanakdhar Water Fall
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|24.205|78.364|display=inline, title}}
| pushpin_map_caption =
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sagar district]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| population_total = 10,764
| population_as_of = 2011
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| area_code_type = [[Postal Index Number]]
| area_code = 470441
| registration_plate = MP-15
}}

'''Malthon''' is a city and a [[nagar panchayat]] in the [[Sagar district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India. It's also a [[tehsil]] headquarter and [[Development Block]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sagar.nic.in/en/list-eligible-and-non-eligible-firms-for-lokseva/|title=List Eligible and Non Eligible Firms for Lokseva | DISTRICT SAGAR, Govenrment of Madhya Pradesh | India}}</ref>

Malthon is a historical places, it's famous for malthone fort and Jawala devi temple which is located in malthone town and kanakdhar water fall which is 10 km away from Malthone.<ref>{{cite web | title=Malthone Fort | website=Mappls | url=https://www.mappls.com/1aq7cu | access-date=2026-05-03}}</ref>

==Geography ==
Malthon located on '''24.205°N 78.364°E''' Malthon situated on [[NH 44]] in northern part of district, The region is predominantly [[Agrarian society|agrarian]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?params=24_20_5_N_78_36_4_E|title=GeoHack (24.334722; 78.601111)|website=geohack.toolforge.org}}</ref>

==Demographics ==
The Malthon village has population of 10764 of which 5664 are males while 5100 are females as per Population Census 2011.literacy rate of Malthon village was 76.11 %<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/459976-malthon-madhya-pradesh.html|title=Malthon Village Population - Malthon - Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

==Transport==
Malthone is well connected by roads. It's connected to [[Khurai]], Bina, [[Khimlasa]], [[Saugor|Sagar]], Banda with roads. Daily bus service available here.

==See also ==
* [[Sagar District]]
* [[Khurai]]
* [[Barodiya Kalan]]
* [[Bandri, sagar|Bandri]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sagar district]]
[[Category:Tehsils of Sagar district]]

List of longest-serving members of the Union Council of Ministers

2026-05-01T01:39:10Z

RomanStrock4259:

{{short description|Longer serving Indian Central Ministers}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
[[File:Jagjivan Ram 1991 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|[[Jagjivan Ram]] is India's longest serving [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Minister]]]]
The following is a list of the longest-serving ministers of the [[Union Council of Ministers]] of [[India]], listing those individuals who served at least a decade in Union ministries. As of April 2026, 87 Union ministers have served for at least 10 years in office, including 20 who served for 15 years or more and five who served for at least 20 years. As ministers often hold multiple portfolios during their respective tenures, only their final portfolios and the periods they served in their ranks are displayed here. Party affiliations are those held during the tenure (s) in office of each respective officeholder. Since the first Union Council was established in 1947, its members have been categorised into the following five ranks (in descending order):<ref name="Council">{{cite book |author= |date=2016 |title=Council of Ministers (1947–2015) |url=https://eparlib.sansad.in/bitstream/123456789/759802/1/Council_of_Ministers_English.pdf|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat}}</ref>

*The [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
*The [[Deputy Prime Minister of India|Deputy Prime Minister]] (if one has been appointed)
*[[Cabinet (government)|Cabinet Ministers]]
*[[Minister of State|Ministers of State]] (without membership of the Union Cabinet), in the following sub-categories:
**Ministers of State with Cabinet rank
**Ministers of State with Independent Charge of ministries/portfolios
**Ministers of State, reporting to the Prime Minister or to a Cabinet Minister
*Deputy Ministers (equivalent to [[Parliamentary secretary|Parliamentary Secretaries]]). Deputy Ministers have not been appointed since 1993.<ref name="Council"/>

Ministers in the first three ranks comprise the Union Cabinet, which is the supreme decision-making body of the nation per [[s: Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 75]] of the [[Constitution of India|Constitution]]. Regardless of rank, any member of the Union Council is a Union minister, per the Salaries and Allowances of Ministers Act 1952.<ref name="Council"/>

When multiple Union ministers have been sworn into office from the same date, they are listed in the order they were administered their oaths of office and secrecy, beginning with the Prime Minister. Union ministers who have served in multiple Union Ministries are listed in order of seniority, i.e. a Cabinet Minister in one Union ministry who remains a Cabinet Minister in a subsequent Union ministry is listed before a Minister of State who was subsequently promoted to the rank of a Cabinet Minister.

==List==
;Key
*{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office
{{Sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header" align="center" style="margin:0.5em; font-size:90%"
!style="width: 2.5%;" |#
!style="width: 10%;" |Minister !! Portrait !! style="width: 10%;" |Final or current ministerial rank (final/current portfolio held) !! style="width: 10%;" |Ministries served !! style="width: 10%;" |Party affiliations !! style="width: 10%;" |Ranks !! Start of tenure !! End of tenure !! Time in office !! style="width: 10%;" |Overall tenure
|- align="center"
| rowspan=4 |1
| rowspan=4 |[[Jagjivan Ram]] {{small|(1908 – 1986)}}
| rowspan=4 |[[File:Jagjivan_Ram_1991_stamp_of_India.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=4 |Deputy Prime Minister (Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence)
| rowspan=4 |[[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]] [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Desai ministry|Desai]]
| rowspan=4 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1947–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1977) {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Congress for Democracy|CFD]] (1977) {{colour box|{{party color|Janata Party}}}} [[Janata Party|JP]] (1977–1979)
|rowspan=3 |Cabinet Minister
||15 August 1947
||31 August 1963
||{{Age in years, months and days|1947|8|15|1963|8|31}}
|rowspan=4 |29 years, 4 months and 5 days{{efn|name=a|Not including service as cabinet minister during the [[Interim Government of India]] from 2 September 1946 – 15 August 1947 ({{Age in years, months and days|1946|9|2|1947|8|15}}).|group= n}}
|- align="center"
||24 January 1966
||2 February 1977
||{{Age in years, months and days|1966|1|24|1977|2|2}}
|- align="center"
||28 March 1977
||24 January 1979
||{{Age in years, months and days|1977|3|28|1979|1|24}}
|- align="center"
|Deputy Prime Minister
|24 January 1979
|28 July 1979
|{{Age in years, months and days|1979|1|24|1979|7|7}}
|- align="center"
| 2
| [[Swaran Singh]] {{small|(1907 – 1994)}}
| [[File:Swaran Singh Lok Sabha photo.jpg|100px]]
| Cabinet Minister (Minister of Defence)
| [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
| {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1952–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1975)
| Cabinet Minister
| 13 May 1952
| 1 December 1975
| [[File:Arrow east.svg|40px|]]
| {{Age in years, months and days|1952|5|13|1975|12|1}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=5|3
| rowspan=5|[[Satya Narayan Sinha]] {{small|(1900 – 1983)}}
|rowspan=5|[[File:Satya_Narayan_Sinha_portrait.gif|100px]]
|rowspan=5|Cabinet Minister (Minister of Information and Broadcasting and Communications)
|rowspan=5 |[[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]] [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]]
|rowspan=5 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1948–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|INC (O)]] (1969–1971)
|| Deputy Minister
||1 October 1948
||26 February 1949
||{{Age in years, months and days|month1=10|day1=1|year1=1948|month2=2|day2=26|year2=1949}}
|rowspan=5 | 22 years, 3 months and 20 days
|- align="center"
|rowspan=3 |Minister of State
|26 February 1949
|25 January 1950
|{{Age in years, months and days|1949|2|26|1950|1|25}}
|- align="center"
||31 January 1950
||6 May 1950
|{{Age in years, months and days|month1=1|day1=31|year1=1950|month2=5|day2=6|year2=1950}}
|- align="center"
|13 May 1950
|10 April 1962
|{{Age in years, months and days|month1=5|day1=13|year1=1950|month2=3|day2=8|year2=1962}}
|- align="center"
|rowspan=1 |Cabinet Minister
|10 April 1962
|8 March 1971
|{{Age in years, months and days|month1=4|day1=10|year1=1962|month2=3|day2=8|year2=1971}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=5 |4
| rowspan=5 |[[Raj Bahadur]] {{small|(1912 – 1990)}}
|rowspan=5 | [[File:Raj Bahadur 2013 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=5 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Tourism and Civil Aviation)
|rowspan=5 |[[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]] [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
|rowspan=5 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1951–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1976)
|rowspan=2| Deputy Minister
||29 May 1951
||13 May 1952
||{{Age in years, months and days|1951|5|29|1952|5|13}}
|rowspan=5 | 21 years, 5 months and 25 days
|- align="center"
||4 June 1952
||14 February 1956
||{{Age in years, months and days|1952|6|4|1956|2|14}}
|- align="center"
|Minister of State{{efn|name=b|With Cabinet rank from 14 February 1956 – 17 April 1957.|group= n}}
|14 February 1956
|13 March 1967
|{{Age in years, months and days|1956|2|14|1967|3|13}}
|- align="center"
|rowspan=2 |Cabinet Minister
||18 March 1971
||8 November 1973
||{{Age in years, months and days|1971|3|18|1973|11|8}}
|- align="center"
||9 November 1973
||22 December 1976
||{{Age in years, months and days|1973|11|9|1976|12|22}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=6 |5
| rowspan=6 |[[Pranab Mukherjee]] {{small|(1935 – 2020)}}
|rowspan=6 | [[File:Pranab_Mukherjee-World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2009_crop(2).jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=6 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Finance)
|rowspan=6 |[[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Fourth Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Indira IV]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]] [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
|rowspan=6 |{{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1973–1977) {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1980–1984, 1993–1996, 2004–2012) 
|Deputy Minister
|5 February 1973
|10 October 1974
||{{Age in years, months and days|1973|2|5|1974|10|10}}
|rowspan=6 | 20 years, 3 months and 18 days
|- align="center"
|Minister of State
|10 October 1974
|24 March 1977
|{{Age in years, months and days|1974|10|10|1977|3|24}}
|- align="center"
|rowspan=4 |Cabinet Minister
||14 January 1980
||31 December 1984
||{{Age in years, months and days|1980|1|14|1984|12|31}}
|- align="center"
||17 January 1993
||9 July 1993
||{{Age in years, months and days|1993|1|17|1993|7|9}}
|- align="center"
||31 August 1993
||16 May 1996
||{{Age in years, months and days|1993|8|31|1996|5|16}}
|- align="center"
||22 May 2004
||26 June 2012
||{{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2012|6|26}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=3 |6
| rowspan=3 |[[Kotha Raghuramaiah]] {{small|(1912 – 1979)}}
|rowspan=3 | [[File:Kotha_Raghuramaiah.png|100px]]
|rowspan=3 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Tourism, Civil Aviation and Parliamentary Affairs)
|rowspan=3 |[[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
|rowspan=3 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1957–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1977)
|Deputy Minister
|21 May 1957
|10 April 1962
||{{Age in years, months and days|1957|5|21|1962|4|10}}
|rowspan=3 | 19 years, 9 months and 26 days
|- align="center"
|Minister of State
|16 April 1962
|27 June 1970
|{{Age in years, months and days|1962|4|16|1970|6|27}}
|- align="center"
|Cabinet Minister
||27 June 1970<ref>{{cite web|title=Press Communique: Council of Ministers Allocation of Portfolios|url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/CABINATE%20SECRETARIATE/1970%20MINISTRY%20OF%20%20CABINET%20SECTT/CAB-1970-06-27_013.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive|date=27 June 1970|accessdate=6 January 2022}}</ref>
||24 March 1977
||{{Age in years, months and days|1970|6|27|1977|3|24}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=5 |7
| rowspan=5 |[[B. Shankaranand]] {{small|(1925 – 2009)}}
|rowspan=5 | [[File:B. Shankaranand portrait.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=5 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Health and Family Welfare)
|rowspan=5 |[[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
|rowspan=5 |{{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1971–1977) {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1980–1987, 1988–1989, 1991–1994)
|Deputy Minister
|2 May 1971
|24 March 1977
||{{Age in years, months and days|1971|5|2|1977|3|24}}
|rowspan=5 | 18 years, 5 months and 5 days
|- align="center"
|rowspan=4 |Cabinet Minister
||14 January 1980
||31 October 1984
||{{Age in years, months and days|1980|1|14|1984|10|31}}
|- align="center"
||4 November 1984
||22 August 1987
||{{Age in years, months and days|1984|11|4|1987|8|22}}
|- align="center"
||25 June 1988
||2 December 1989
||{{Age in years, months and days|1988|6|25|1989|12|2}}
|- align="center"
||21 June 1991
||22 December 1994
||{{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1994|12|22}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="7" |8
| rowspan="7" |[[P. Chidambaram]] {{small|(b. 1945)}}
| rowspan="7" | [[File:Palaniappan_Chidambaram_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2011.jpg|130px]]
| rowspan=7 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Finance)
| rowspan="7" |[[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]] [[Gujral ministry|Gujral]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]] [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
| rowspan="7" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1985–1996, 2004–2014) {{colour box|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)}}}} [[Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)|TMC(M)]] (1996–2001) {{colour box|{{party color|Congress Jananayaka Peravai}}}} [[Congress Jananayaka Peravai|CJP]] (2001–2004)
| Deputy Minister
| 25 September 1985
| 20 January 1986
||{{Age in years, months and days|1985|9|25|1986|1|20}}
| rowspan=7 |18 years, 2 months and 2 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan=3 |Minister of State{{efn|name=c|With Independent charge from 21 June 1991 – 7 July 1992.|group= n}}
|| 20 January 1986
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1986|1|20|1989|12|2}}
|- align="center"
|| 21 June 1991
|| 9 July 1992
||{{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1992|7|9}}
|- align="center"
|| 10 February 1995
|| 3 April 1996
||{{Age in years, months and days|1995|2|10|1996|4|3}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=3 |Cabinet Minister
|| 1 June 1996
|| 21 April 1997
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1996|6|1|1997|4|21}}
|- align="center"
|| 1 May 1997
|| 19 March 1998
||{{Age in years, months and days|1997|5|1|1998|3|19}}
|- align="center"
|| 22 May 2004
|| 26 May 2014
||{{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2014|5|26}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |9
| rowspan="3" |[[Indira Gandhi]] {{small|(1917–1984)}}
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Indira_Gandhi_1966.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=3 |Prime Minister
| rowspan="3" |[[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1947–1969, 1977–1984) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1977)
| Cabinet Minister
| 2 July 1964
| 24 January 1966
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1964|7|2|1966|1|24}}
| rowspan=3 | 17 years, 6 months and 9 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan=2 |Prime Minister
|| 24 January 1966
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1966|1|24|1977|3|24}}
|- align="center"
|| 14 January 1980
|| 31 October 1984{{note label|†|†|†}}
||{{Age in years, months and days|1980|1|14|1984|10|31}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |10
| rowspan="3" |[[Jaisukhlal Hathi]] {{small|(1909–1982)}}
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Jaisukh_lal_Hathi.png|100px]]
| rowspan=3 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Labour and Rehabilitation)
| rowspan="3" |[[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1952–1969)
| Deputy Minister
| 12 September 1952
| 10 April 1962
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1952|9|12|1962|4|10}}
| rowspan=3 | 17 years, 1 month and 26 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1 |Minister of State
|| 16 April 1962
|| 13 March 1967
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1962|4|16|1967|3|13}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1 |Cabinet Minister
|| 13 March 1967
|| 15 November 1969
||{{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|13|1969|11|15}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |'''11'''
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Rao Inderjit Singh]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1951)}}'''
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Rao Inderjit Singh addressing at the Meeting with the StatesUTs on the Implementation of “The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016”, in New Delhi.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Minister of State (Statistics, Programme Implementation, Planning and Culture)<ref name="Council_2024"/>
| rowspan="2" |[[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]] [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
(2004–2009) {{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ('''2014–present''')
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State
|| 22 May 2004
|| 22 May 2009
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2009|5|22}}
| rowspan=2 |'''16 years and 11 months'''{{efn|name=d|'''As of 26 April 2026'''.|group= n}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State{{efn|name=abc|With Independent charge from 26 May 2014.|group= n}}
|| '''26 May 2014'''
|| '''present'''
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26}}'''
|- align="center"
| 12
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] {{small|(1889–1964)}}
| [[File:Jawaharlal Nehru close-up (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| Prime Minister
| [[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]] [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]]
| {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1947–1964)
| Prime Minister
| 15 August 1947
| 27 May 1964{{note label|†|†|†}}
| [[File:Arrow east.svg|40px|]]
| {{Age in years, months and days|1947|8|15|1964|5|27}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=5 |13
| rowspan=5 |[[Vidya Charan Shukla]] {{small|(1927 – 2013)}}
|rowspan=5 | [[File:Vidya_Charan_Shukla_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=5 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Water Resources and Parliamentary Affairs)
|rowspan=5 |[[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Fourth Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira IV]] [[Chandra Shekhar ministry|Chandra Shekhar]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
|rowspan=5 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1966–1969, 1980–1981, 1990–1991, 1991–1996) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1977)
|Deputy Minister
|24 January 1966
|13 March 1967
||{{Age in years, months and days|1966|1|24|1967|3|13}}
|rowspan=5 | 16 years, 9 months and 6 days
|- align="center"
|Minister of State
|13 March 1967
|24 March 1977
|{{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|13|1977|3|24}}
|- align="center"
|rowspan=3 |Cabinet Minister
||8 June 1980
||19 March 1981
||{{Age in years, months and days|1980|6|8|1981|3|19}}
|- align="center"
||21 November 1990
||20 February 1991
||{{Age in years, months and days|1990|11|21|1991|2|20}}
|- align="center"
||21 June 1991
||17 January 1996
||{{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1996|1|17}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=5 |14
| rowspan=5 |[[Ram Vilas Paswan]] {{small|(1946 – 2020)}}
|rowspan=5 | [[File:Ram_Vilas_Paswan_addressing_a_press_conference_on_four_years_achievements_of_the_Ministry_of_Consumer_Affairs,_Food_and_Public_Distribution,_in_New_Delhi.JPG|125px]]
|rowspan=5 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution)
|rowspan=5 |[[V. P. Singh ministry|Vishwanath]] [[Deve Gowda ministry|Deve Gowda]] [[Gujral ministry|Gujral]] [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]] [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]
|rowspan=5 |{{colour box|Green}} [[Janata Dal|JD]] (1989–1990, 1996–1998) {{colour box|Navy}} [[Janata Dal (United)|JD (U)]] (1999–2000) {{Color box|#0093DD|border=darkgray}}{{Color box|#DA231B|border=darkgray}}{{Color box|#3F9C35|border=darkgray}} [[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]] (2000–2002, 2004–2020)
|rowspan=5 |Cabinet Minister
|6 December 1989
|10 November 1990
||{{Age in years, months and days|1989|12|6|1990|11|10}}
|rowspan=5 | 16 years, 7 months and 19 days
|- align="center"
||1 June 1996
||19 March 1998
||{{Age in years, months and days|1996|6|1|1998|3|19}}
|- align="center"
||13 October 1999
||29 April 2002
||{{Age in years, months and days|1999|10|13|2002|4|29}}
|- align="center"
||22 May 2004
||22 May 2009
||{{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2009|5|22}}
|- align="center"
||26 May 2014
||8 October 2020{{note label|†|†|†}}
||{{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26|2020|10|8}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |15
| rowspan="3" |[[Shah Nawaz Khan (general)|Shah Nawaz Khan]] {{small|(1914–1983)}}
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Shah_Nawaz_Khan.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=3 |Minister of State (Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation)
| rowspan="3" |[[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1952–1967) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1971–1977)
| rowspan=2|Deputy Minister
| 20 September 1956
| 9 June 1964
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1956|9|20|1964|6|9}}
| rowspan=3 |16 years, 4 months and 8 days
|- align="center"
||15 June 1964
||13 March 1967
||{{Age in years, months and days|1964|6|15|1967|3|13}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1 |Minister of State
|| 2 May 1971
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1971|5|2|1977|3|24}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="6" |16
| rowspan="6" |[[Gulzarilal Nanda]] {{small|(1898–1998)}}
| rowspan="6" | [[File:Gulzarilal Nanda 1.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=6 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Railways)
| rowspan="6" |[[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]] [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
| rowspan="6" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1951–1966) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1970–1971)
| rowspan=1|Cabinet Minister
| 24 September 1951
| 27 May 1964
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1951|9|24|1964|5|27}}
| rowspan=6 | 16 years, 2 months and 17 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1 |Acting Prime Minister
|| 27 May 1964
|| 9 June 1964
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1964|5|27|1964|6|9}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1 |Cabinet Minister
|| 9 June 1964
|| 11 January 1966
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1964|6|9|1966|1|11}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1 |Acting Prime Minister
|| 11 January 1966
|| 24 January 1966
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1966|1|11|1966|1|24}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=2 |Cabinet Minister
|| 24 January 1966
|| 9 November 1966
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1966|1|24|1966|11|9}}
|- align="center"
|| 18 February 1970
|| 18 March 1971
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1970|2|18|1971|3|18}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="5" |17
| rowspan="5" |[[Bali Ram Bhagat]] {{small|(1922–2011)}}
| rowspan="5" | [[File:B.R._Bhagat_in_a_meeting_(cropped).png|100px]]
| rowspan=5 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of External Affairs)
| rowspan="5" |[[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
| rowspan="5" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1956–1969, 1985–1986) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1971)
| rowspan=2|Deputy Minister
| 4 January 1956
| 10 April 1962
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1956|1|4|1962|4|10}}
| rowspan=5 | 15 years, 9 months and 26 days
|- align="center"
|| 16 April 1962
|| 21 September 1963
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1962|4|16|1963|9|21}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1 |Minister of State
|| 21 September 1963
|| 14 February 1969
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1963|9|21|1969|2|14}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=2 |Cabinet Minister
|| 14 February 1969
|| 18 March 1971
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1969|2|14|1971|3|18}}
|- align="center"
|| 25 September 1985
|| 12 May 1986
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1985|9|25|1986|5|12}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="6" |18
| rowspan="6" |[[Prakash Chandra Sethi]] {{small|(1919–1996)}}
| rowspan="6" | [[File:Prakash Chandra Sethi Lok Sabha photo.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=6 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Planning and Irrigation)
| rowspan="6" |[[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
| rowspan="6" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1962–1969, 1980–1984) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1972, 1975–1977)
| rowspan=2|Deputy Minister
|| 8 June 1962
|| 9 June 1964
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1962|6|8|1964|6|9}}
| rowspan=6 | 15 years, 7 months and 27 days
|- align="center"
|| 15 June 1964
|| 13 March 1967
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1964|6|15|1967|3|13}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1 |Minister of State
|| 13 March 1967
|| 2 May 1971
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|13|1971|5|2}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=3 |Cabinet Minister
|| 2 May 1971
|| 29 January 1972
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1971|5|2|1972|1|29}}
|- align="center"
|| 25 December 1975
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1975|12|25|1977|3|24}}
|- align="center"
|| 14 January 1980
|| 31 October 1984
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1980|1|14|1984|10|31}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |'''19'''
| rowspan="3" |'''[[Shripad Naik]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1952)}}'''
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Shripad_Yasso_Naik_-_Kolkata_2014-10-12_7755.JPG|100px]]
| rowspan=3 | Minister of State (Power and New Renewable Energy)
| rowspan="3" |[[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]] [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (2000–2004, '''2014–present''')
| rowspan=3|Minister of State
|| 30 September 2000
|| 14 May 2002
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2000|9|30|2002|5|14}}
| rowspan=3 | '''15 years, 5 months and 5 days'''{{efn|name=d|group= n}}
|- align="center"
|| 1 July 2002
|| 22 May 2004
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2002|7|1|2004|5|22}}
|- align="center"
|| '''26 May 2014'''<ref name="Council_2014"/>
|| '''present'''
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26}}'''
|- align="center"
| rowspan="4" |20
| rowspan="4" |[[K. C. Pant]] {{small|(1931–2012)}}
| rowspan="4" | [[File:Shri_K.C_Pant_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=4 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Defence)
| rowspan="4" |[[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Charan Singh ministry|Charan]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
| rowspan="4" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1967–1969, 1984–1989) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1977) {{Colorsample|#FF0000}} [[Indian National Congress (U)|INC (U)]] (1979–1980)
| rowspan=1|Minister of State
|| 13 March 1967
|| 9 November 1973
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|13|1973|11|9}}
| rowspan=4 | 15 years, 4 months and 29 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan=3 |Cabinet Minister
|| 9 November 1973
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1973|11|9|1977|3|24}}
|- align="center"
|| 30 July 1979
|| 14 January 1980
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1979|7|30|1980|1|14}}
|- align="center"
|| 31 December 1984
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1984|12|31|1989|12|2}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |21
| rowspan="2" |[[Manmohan Singh]] {{small|(1932–2024)}}
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Manmohan_Singh_in_2009.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Prime Minister
| rowspan="2" |[[Rao ministry|Rao]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]] [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1991–1996, 2004–2014)
| rowspan="1" |Cabinet Minister
|| 21 June 1991
|| 16 May 1996
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1996|5|16}}
| rowspan=2 | 14 years, 10 months and 29 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Prime Minister
|| 22 May 2004
|| 26 May 2014
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2014|5|26}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |22
| rowspan="2" |[[Kamal Nath]] {{small|(b. 1946)}}
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Kamal_Nath_2012.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Urban Development and Parliamentary Affairs)
| rowspan="2" |[[Rao ministry|Rao]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]] [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1991–1996, 2004–2014)
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State
|| 21 June 1991
|| 16 May 1996
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1996|5|16}}
| rowspan=2 | 14 years, 10 months and 29 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Cabinet Minister
|| 22 May 2004
|| 26 May 2014
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2014|5|26}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |23
| rowspan="3" |[[H. R. Bhardwaj|Hansraj Bhardwaj]] {{small|(1937–2020)}}
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Hans_Raj_Bhardwaj.png|100px]]
| rowspan="3" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Law and Justice)
| rowspan="3" |[[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1984–1989, 1991–1996, 2004–2009)
| rowspan="2" |Minister of State
|| 31 December 1984
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1984|12|31|1989|12|2}}
| rowspan=3 | 14 years, 9 months and 27 days
|- align="center"
|| 21 June 1991
|| 16 May 1996
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1996|5|16}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Cabinet Minister
|| 22 May 2004
|| 22 May 2009
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2009|5|22}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |24
| rowspan="2" |[[Yashwantrao Chavan]] {{small|(1913–1984)}}
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Yashwantrao_Chavan_2010_stamp_of_India.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Deputy Prime Minister (Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs)
| rowspan="2" |[[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Charan Singh ministry|Charan]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1962–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1977) {{Colorsample|#FF0000}} [[Indian National Congress (U)|INC (U)]] (1979–1980)
| rowspan="1" |Cabinet Minister
|| 21 November 1962
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1962|11|21|1977|3|24}}
| rowspan=2 | 14 years, 9 months and 20 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Deputy Prime Minister
|| 28 July 1979
|| 14 January 1980
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1979|7|28|1980|1|14}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |25
| rowspan="2" |[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] {{small|(1921–2004)}}
| rowspan="2" | [[File:P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Prime Minister
| rowspan="2" |[[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1980–1989, 1991–1996)
| rowspan="1" |Cabinet Minister
|| 14 January 1980
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1980|1|14|1989|12|2}}
| rowspan=2 |14 years, 9 months and 13 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Prime Minister
|| 21 June 1991
|| 16 May 1996
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1996|5|16}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="4" |26
| rowspan="4" |[[Keshav Dev Malviya]] {{small|(1904–1981)}}
| rowspan="4" | [[File:Keshav_Dev_Malviya_portrait.gif|100px]]
| rowspan="4" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Petroleum, Chemicals and Fertilizers)
| rowspan="4" |[[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
| rowspan="4" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1952–1963) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1974–1977)
| rowspan="1" |Deputy Minister
|| 12 August 1952
|| 7 December 1954
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1952|8|12|1954|12|7}}
| rowspan=4 |14 years and 27 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State{{efn|name=d2|With Cabinet rank from 7 December 1954 – 17 April 1957.|group= n}}
|| 7 December 1954
|| 10 April 1962
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1954|12|7|1962|4|10}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |Cabinet Minister
|| 10 April 1962
|| 26 June 1963
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1962|4|10|1963|6|26}}
|- align="center"
|| 11 January 1974
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1974|1|11|1977|3|24}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="4" |27
| rowspan="4" |[[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] {{small|(b. 1949)}}
| rowspan="4" | [[File:Ghulam_Nabi_Azad-cropped.JPG|100px]]
| rowspan="4" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Health, Family Welfare and Water Resources)
| rowspan="4" |[[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]] [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
| rowspan="4" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1984–1987, 1991–1996, 2004–2005, 2009–2014)
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State
|| 31 December 1984
|| 7 September 1987
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1984|12|31|1987|9|7}}
| rowspan=4 |14 years and 16 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |Cabinet Minister
|| 21 June 1991
|| 16 May 1996
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1996|5|16}}
|- align="center"
|| 22 May 2004
|| 1 November 2005
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2005|11|1}}
|- align="center"
|| 22 May 2009
|| 26 May 2014
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2009|5|22|2014|5|26}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |'''28'''
| rowspan="3" |'''[[Rajnath Singh]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1951)}}'''
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Shri_Rajnath_Singh,_Union_Minister_of_Defence_at_a_webinar_on_August_04,_2022.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=3 | Cabinet Minister (Minister of Defence)
| rowspan="3" |[[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]] [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (1999–2000, 2003–2004, '''2014–present''')
| rowspan=3|Cabinet Minister
|| 22 November 1999
|| 25 November 2000
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1999|11|22|2000|11|25}}
| rowspan=3 | '''13 years, 11 months and 1 day'''{{efn|name=d|group= n}}
|- align="center"
|| 24 May 2003
|| 22 May 2004
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2003|5|24|2004|5|22}}
|- align="center"
|| '''26 May 2014'''<ref name="Council_2014">{{cite web|title=President's Secretariat: President appoints Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State (Independent Charge) and Ministers of State|url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=105162|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127092646/https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=105162|archive-date=27 November 2024|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive|date=26 May 2014|accessdate=27 July 2025}}</ref>
|| '''present'''
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26}}'''
|- align="center"
| rowspan="4" |29
| rowspan="4" |[[Ziaur Rahman Ansari]] {{small|(1925–1992)}}
| rowspan="4" | [[File:Ziaur Rahman Ansari Lok Sabha photo.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="4" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Environment and Forests)
| rowspan="4" |[[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
| rowspan="4" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1980–1989) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1973–1977)
| rowspan="1" |Deputy Minister
|| 6 February 1973
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1973|2|6|1977|3|24}}
| rowspan=4 |13 years, 10 months and 14 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |Minister of State
|| 3 March 1980
|| 31 October 1984
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1980|3|3|1984|10|31}}
|- align="center"
|| 4 November 1984
|| 25 June 1988
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1984|11|4|1988|6|25}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Cabinet Minister
|| 25 June 1988
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1988|6|25|1989|12|2}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |30
| rowspan="3" |[[Shivraj Patil]] {{small|(1935–2025)}}
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Shivraj_Patil_in_pensive_mood_at_the_inauguration_of_the_one_day_Seminar_on_“The_Role_of_Media_in_Bringing_Parliament_Closer_to_the_People”.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="3" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Home Affairs)
| rowspan="3" |[[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1980–1989, 2004–2008)
| rowspan="2" |Minister of State{{efn|name=e|With Independent charge from 15 January 1982 – 29 January 1983, and from 25 June 1988 – 2 December 1989.|group= n}}
|| 19 October 1980
|| 31 October 1984
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1980|10|19|1984|10|31}}
| rowspan=3 |13 years, 7 months and 18 days
|- align="center"
|| 4 November 1984
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1984|11|4|1989|12|2}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Cabinet Minister
|| 22 May 2004
|| 30 November 2008
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2008|11|30}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="4" |31
| rowspan="4" |[[Ram Niwas Mirdha]] {{small|(1924–2010)}}
| rowspan="4" | [[File:The_Chairman,_Sangeet_Natak_Akademi,_Shri_Ram_Niwas_Mirdha_addressing_the_Press_in_New_Delhi_on_June_09,_2005.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="4" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Textiles, Health and Family Welfare)
| rowspan="4" |[[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
| rowspan="4" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1983–1989) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1970–1977)
| rowspan="3" |Minister of State{{efn|name=f|With Independent charge from 29 January 1983 – 31 October 1984, and from 4 November 1984 – 15 February 1988.|group= n}}
|| 26 June 1970
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1970|6|26|1977|3|24}}
| rowspan=4 |13 years, 6 months and 26 days
|- align="center"
|| 29 January 1983
|| 31 October 1984
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1983|1|29|1984|10|31}}
|- align="center"
|| 4 November 1984
|| 15 February 1988
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1984|11|4|1988|2|15}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Cabinet Minister
|| 15 February 1988
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1988|2|15|1989|12|2}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=4|32
| rowspan=4|[[Selja Kumari]] {{small|(b. 1962)}}
|rowspan=4|[[File:Kumari_Selja.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=4|Cabinet Minister (Minister of Housing, Urban Poverty Alleviation and Social Justice and Empowerment)
|rowspan=4 |[[Rao ministry|Rao]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]] [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
|rowspan=4 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1992–1996, 2004–2014)
|rowspan="1" |Deputy Minister
|| 2 July 1992
|| 15 September 1995
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1992|7|2|1995|9|15}}
|rowspan=4 | 13 years, 6 months and 14 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |Minister of State{{efn|name=g|With Independent charge from 23 May 2004.|group= n}}
|| 15 September 1995
|| 16 May 1996
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1995|9|15|1996|5|16}}
|- align="center"
|| 22 May 2004
|| 22 May 2009
|{{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2009|5|22}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Cabinet Minister
|| 28 May 2009
|| 28 January 2014
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2009|5|28|2014|1|28}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="6" |33
| rowspan="6" |[[Dinesh Singh (politician, born 1925)|Dinesh Singh]] {{small|(1925–1995)}}
| rowspan="6" |[[File:Dinesh_Singh_Lok_Sabha_portrait.gif|100px]]
| rowspan="6" |Cabinet Minister (Minister without portfolio)
| rowspan="6" |[[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
| rowspan="6" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1962–1964, 1964–1969, 1988–1989, 1993–1995) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1971)
| rowspan="2" |Deputy Minister
|| 8 May 1962
|| 9 June 1964
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1962|5|8|1964|6|9}}
| rowspan=6 |13 years and 6 months
|- align="center"
|| 15 June 1964
|| 24 January 1966
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1964|6|15|1966|1|24}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State
|| 24 January 1966
|| 13 March 1967
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1966|1|24|1967|3|13}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |Cabinet Minister
|| 13 March 1967
|| 18 March 1971
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|13|1971|3|18}}
|- align="center"
|| 14 February 1988
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1988|2|14|1989|12|2}}
|- align="center"
|| 18 January 1993
|| 30 November 1995{{note label|†|†|†}}
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1993|1|18|1995|11|30}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=3|34
| rowspan=3|[[B. V. Keskar]] {{small|(1903 – 1984)}}
|rowspan=3|[[File:B._V._Keskar_portrait.gif|100px]]
|rowspan=3|Minister of State (Minister of Information and Broadcasting)
|rowspan=3 |[[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]] [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]]
|rowspan=3 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1948–1962)
|rowspan="2" |Deputy Minister
|| 7 December 1948
|| 26 January 1950
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1948|12|7|1950|1|26}}
|rowspan=3 | 13 years, 3 months and 29 days
|- align="center"
||31 January 1950
||13 May 1952
|{{Age in years, months and days|1950|1|31|1952|5|13}}
|- align="center"
|rowspan=1 |Minister of State
||13 May 1952
||9 April 1962
||{{Age in years, months and days|1952|5|13|1962|4|9}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |35
| rowspan="2" |[[Santosh Gangwar]] {{small|(b. 1948)}}
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=2 | Minister of State (Labour and Employment)
| rowspan="2" |[[Second Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee II]] [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]] [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (1998–2004, 2014–2021)
| rowspan=2|Minister of State
|| 19 March 1998
|| 22 May 2004
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1998|3|19|2004|5|22}}
| rowspan=2 | 13 years, 3 months and 14 days
|- align="center"
|| 26 May 2014
|| 7 July 2021
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26|2021|7|7}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=5|36
| rowspan=5|[[Buta Singh]] {{small|(1934–2021)}}
|rowspan=5|[[File:Buta_Singh_(headshot).jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=5|Cabinet Minister (Minister of Communications)
|rowspan=5 |[[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]] [[Gujral ministry|Gujral]]
|rowspan=5 |{{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1974–1977) {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1980–1989, 1995–1996) {{colour box|{{party color|Independent}}}} Independent (1998)
|rowspan="1" |Deputy Minister
|| 10 October 1974
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1974|10|10|1977|3|24}}
|rowspan=5 | 13 years and 19 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State{{efn|name=h|With Independent charge from 15 January 1982.|group= n}}
|| 8 June 1980
|| 29 January 1983
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1980|6|8|1983|1|29}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |Cabinet Minister
|| 29 January 1983
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1983|1|29|1989|12|2}}
|- align="center"
|| 10 February 1995
|| 20 February 1996
|{{Age in years, months and days|1995|2|10|1996|2|20}}
|- align="center"
|| 19 March 1998
|| 20 April 1998
|{{Age in years, months and days|1998|3|19|1998|4|20}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=4|37
| rowspan=4|[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] {{small|(1904–1966)}}
|rowspan=4|[[File:LB_Shastri.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=4|Prime Minister
|rowspan=4 |[[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]]
|rowspan=4 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1952–1956, 1957–1963, 1964–1966)
|rowspan="3" |Cabinet Minister
|| 13 May 1952
|| 7 December 1956
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1952|5|13|1956|12|7}}
|rowspan=4 | 12 years, 10 months and 27 days
|- align="center"
|| 17 April 1957
|| 1 September 1963
|{{Age in years, months and days|1957|4|17|1963|9|1}}
|- align="center"
|| 24 January 1964
|| 9 June 1964
|{{Age in years, months and days|1964|1|24|1964|6|9}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Prime Minister
|| 9 June 1964
|| 11 January 1966{{note label|†|†|†}}
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1964|6|9|1966|1|11}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=5|38
| rowspan=5|[[Lalit Narayan Mishra]] {{small|(1923–1975)}}
|rowspan=5|[[File:Lalit_Narayan_Mishra_1976_stamp_of_India.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=5|Cabinet Minister (Minister of Railways)
|rowspan=5 |[[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
|rowspan=5 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1960–1962, 1964–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1975)
|rowspan="3" |Deputy Minister
|| 22 August 1960
|| 10 April 1962
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1960|8|22|1962|4|10}}
|rowspan=5 | 12 years, 5 months and 20 days
|- align="center"
|| 26 February 1964
|| 9 June 1964
|{{Age in years, months and days|1964|2|26|1964|6|9}}
|- align="center"
|| 15 June 1964
|| 13 March 1967
|{{Age in years, months and days|1964|6|15|1967|3|13}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State
|| 13 March 1967
|| 27 June 1970
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|13|1970|6|27}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Cabinet Minister
|| 27 June 1970
|| 3 January 1975{{note label|†|†|†}}
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1970|6|27|1975|1|3}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|39
| rowspan=1|[[Mehr Chand Khanna]] {{small|(1897 – 1970)}}
| rowspan=1|[[File:Mehr Chand Khana Lok Sabha portrait.gif|100px]]
| rowspan=1|Minister of State (Minister of Works, Housing and Urban Development)
| rowspan=1|[[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]]
| rowspan=1|{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1954–1967)
| rowspan=1|Minister of State (with Cabinet rank)
| 7 December 1954
| 13 March 1967
| rowspan=1|[[File:Arrow east.svg|40px|]]
| {{Age in years, months and days|1954|12|7|1967|3|13}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=5|40
| rowspan=5|[[P. A. Sangma]] {{small|(1947–2016)}}
|rowspan=5|[[File:P._A._Sangma_official_portrait.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=5|Cabinet Minister (Minister of Information and Broadcasting)
|rowspan=5 |[[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
|rowspan=5 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1980–1988, 1991–1996)
|rowspan="2" |Deputy Minister
|| 31 October 1980
|| 31 October 1984
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1980|10|31|1984|10|31}}
|rowspan=5 | 12 years, 1 month and 28 days
|- align="center"
|| 4 November 1984
|| 31 December 1984
|{{Age in years, months and days|1984|11|4|1984|12|31}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |Minister of State{{efn|name=i|With Independent charge from 20 January 1986 – 6 February 1988, and from 21 June 1991 – 10 February 1995.|group= n}}
|| 1 January 1985
|| 6 February 1988
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1985|1|1|1988|2|6}}
|- align="center"
|| 21 June 1991
|| 10 February 1995
|{{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1995|2|10}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Cabinet Minister
|| 10 February 1995
|| 16 May 1996
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1995|2|10|1996|5|16}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=6|41
| rowspan=6|[[Bayya Suryanarayana Murthy]] {{small|(1906–1979)}}
|rowspan=6|[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
|rowspan=6|Minister of State (Minister of Health, Family Planning, Works, Housing and Urban Development)
|rowspan=6 |[[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]]
|rowspan=6 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1959–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1971)
|rowspan="5" |Deputy Minister
|| 6 March 1959
|| 10 April 1962
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1959|3|6|1962|4|10}}
|rowspan=6 | 11 years, 11 months and 17 days
|- align="center"
|| 16 April 1962
|| 16 February 1963
|{{Age in years, months and days|1962|4|16|1963|2|16}}
|- align="center"
|| 16 February 1963
|| 9 June 1964
|{{Age in years, months and days|1963|2|16|1964|6|9}}
|- align="center"
|| 15 June 1964
|| 13 March 1967
|{{Age in years, months and days|1964|6|15|1967|3|13}}
|- align="center"
|| 18 March 1967
|| 18 February 1969
|{{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|18|1969|2|18}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State
|| 18 February 1969
|| 13 March 1971
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1969|2|18|1971|3|13}}
|- align="center"
||'''42'''
||'''[[Narendra Modi]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1950)}}'''
||[[File:Shri_Narendra_Modi,_Prime_Minister_of_India.jpg|100px]]
||Prime Minister
|[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
|{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ('''2014–present''')
|| Prime Minister
|| '''26 May 2014'''<ref name="Council_2014"/>
|| '''present'''
|| [[File:Arrow east.svg|40px|]]
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26}}'''
|- align="center"
||'''43'''
||'''[[Nitin Gadkari]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1957)}}'''
||[[File:Shri_Nitin_Jairam_Gadkari.jpg|100px]]
||Cabinet Minister (Minister of Road Transport and Highways)
|[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
|{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ('''2014–present''')
|| Cabinet Minister
|| '''26 May 2014'''<ref name="Council_2014"/>
|| '''present'''
|| [[File:Arrow east.svg|40px|]]
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26}}'''
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |'''44'''
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Dharmendra Pradhan]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1969)}}'''
| rowspan="2" |[[File:The_Union_Minister_for_Petroleum_&_Natural_Gas,_Shri_Dharmendra_Pradhan_being_greeted_by_the_Secretary,_Ministry_of_Petroleum_&_Natural_Gas,_Dr._M.M._Kutty,_in_New_Delhi_on_May_31,_2019_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Education)
| rowspan="2" |[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ('''2014–present''')
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State{{efn|name=s|With Independent charge.|group= n}}
|| 26 May 2014<ref name="Council_2014"/>
|| 3 September 2017<ref name="Council_2017">{{cite web|title=President's Secretariat: PRESS COMMUNIQUE - President of India allocates portfolios of the Council of Ministers |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=170476|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive|date=3 September 2017|accessdate=9 June 2024}}</ref>
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26|2017|9|3}}
| rowspan=2 |'''11 years and 11 months'''{{efn|name=d|group= n}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Cabinet Minister
|| '''3 September 2017'''<ref name="Council_2017"/>
|| '''present'''
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2017|9|3}}'''
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |'''45'''
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Piyush Goyal]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1964)}}'''
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Shri_Piyush_Goyal_Minister_of_Commerce_and_Industry_addressing_a_press_conference_(4).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Commerce and Industry)<ref name="Council_2024">{{cite web|title=President's Secretariat: Press Communique|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2023817|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive|date=10 June 2024|accessdate=10 June 2024}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ('''2014–present''')
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State{{efn|name=s|With Independent charge.|group= n}}
|| 26 May 2014<ref name="Council_2014"/>
|| 3 September 2017
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26|2017|9|3}}
| rowspan=2 |'''11 years and 11 months'''{{efn|name=d|group= n}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Cabinet Minister
|| '''3 September 2017'''<ref name="Council_2017"/>
|| '''present'''
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2017|9|3}}'''
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |'''46'''
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Nirmala Sitharaman]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1959)}}'''
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Smt._Nirmala_Sitharaman_in_February_2023.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs)
| rowspan="2" |[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ('''2014–present''')
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State{{efn|name=s|With Independent charge.|group= n}}
|| 26 May 2014
|| 3 September 2017
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26|2017|9|3}}
| rowspan=2 |'''11 years and 11 months'''{{efn|name=d|group= n}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Cabinet Minister
|| '''3 September 2017'''<ref name="Council_2017"/>
|| '''present'''
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2017|9|3}}'''
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |'''47'''
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Kiren Rijiju]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1971)}}'''
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Kiren_Rijiju_during_11_WHC_2018_Mauritius_001_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Parliamentary and Minority Affairs)<ref name="Council_2024"/>
| rowspan="2" |[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ('''2014–present''')
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State{{efn|name=t|With Independent charge from 30 May 2019|group= n}}
|| 26 May 2014<ref name="Council_2014"/>
|| 7 July 2021
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26|2021|7|7}}
| rowspan=2 |'''11 years and 11 months'''{{efn|name=d|group= n}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Cabinet Minister
|| '''7 July 2021'''<ref>{{cite web|title=President's Secretariat: Press Communique|url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=222855|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive|date=7 July 2021|accessdate=9 June 2024}}</ref>
|| '''present'''
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2021|7|7}}'''
|- align="center"
||'''48'''
||'''[[Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)|Jitendra Singh]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1956)}}'''
||[[File:Shri_Jitendra_Singh_Minister_of_for_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_&_Pensions_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
||Minister of State (Prime Minister's Office, Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions, Space and Atomic Energy)
|[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
|{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ('''2014–present''')
|| Minister of State{{efn|name=u|With Independent charge until 18 May 2023.|group= n}}
|| '''26 May 2014'''<ref name="Council_2014"/>
|| '''present'''
|| [[File:Arrow east.svg|40px|]]
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26}}'''
|- align="center"
||'''49'''
||'''[[Krishan Pal Gurjar]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1957)}}'''
||[[File:Krishan Pal addressing at the inauguration of the “National Workshop on Autism Tools”, organised by the National Trust under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, in New Delhi.jpg|100px]]
||Minister of State (Cooperation)<ref name="Council_2024"/>
|[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
|{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ('''2014–present''')
|| Minister of State
|| '''26 May 2014'''<ref name="Council_2014"/>
|| '''present'''
|| [[File:Arrow east.svg|40px|]]
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26}}'''
|- align="center"
| rowspan=4|50
| rowspan=4|[[Inder Kumar Gujral]] {{small|(1919–2012)}}
|rowspan=4|[[File:Inder_Kumar_Gujral_017.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=4|Prime Minister
|rowspan=4 |[[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[V. P. Singh ministry|Vishwanath]] [[Deve Gowda ministry|Deve Gowda]] [[Gujral ministry|Gujral]]
|rowspan=4 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1967–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1976) {{colour box|{{party color|Janata Dal}}}} [[Janata Dal|JD]] (1989–1990, 1996–1998)
|rowspan="1" |Minister of State
|| 18 March 1967
|| 12 May 1976
|{{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|18|1976|5|12}}
|rowspan=4 | 11 years, 10 months and 14 days
|- align="center"
|rowspan="2" |Cabinet Minister
|| 6 December 1989
|| 10 November 1990
|{{Age in years, months and days|1989|12|6|1990|11|10}}
|- align="center"
|| 1 June 1996
|| 21 April 1997
|{{Age in years, months and days|1996|6|1|1997|4|21}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Prime Minister
|| 21 April 1997
|| 19 March 1998
|{{Age in years, months and days|1997|4|21|1998|3|19}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="4" |51
| rowspan="4" |[[Shankarrao Chavan]] {{small|(1920–2004)}}
| rowspan="4" | [[File:Shankarrao_Chavan_2007_stamp_of_India.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="4" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Home Affairs)
| rowspan="4" |[[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
| rowspan="4" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1980–1989, 1991–1996)
| rowspan="4" |Cabinet Minister
|| 19 October 1980
|| 31 October 1984
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1980|10|19|1984|10|31}}
| rowspan=4 |11 years, 8 months and 21 days
|- align="center"
|| 4 November 1984
|| 11 March 1986
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1984|11|4|1986|3|11}}
|- align="center"
|| 25 June 1988
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1988|6|25|1989|12|2}}
|- align="center"
|| 21 June 1991
|| 16 May 1996
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1996|5|16}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=2|52
| rowspan=2|[[Sharad Pawar]] {{small|(b. 1940)}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:Sharad Pawar addressing the National Conference on Cooperatives for the celebration of International Year of Cooperatives, 2012, in New Delhi on May 15, 2012 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=2|Cabinet Minister (Minister of Agriculture and Food Processing Industries)
|rowspan=2 |[[Rao ministry|Rao]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]] [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
|rowspan=2|{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1991–1993, 2004–2014)
|rowspan="2" |Cabinet Minister
|| 26 June 1991
|| 5 March 1993
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|26|1993|3|5}}
|rowspan=2 | 11 years, 8 months and 11 days
|- align="center"
|| 22 May 2004
|| 26 May 2014
|{{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2014|5|26}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=2|53
| rowspan=2|[[D. P. Karmarkar]] {{small|(1902–1991)}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:D._P._Karmarkar_Lok_Sabha_photo.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=2|Minister of State (Minister of Health)
|rowspan=2 |[[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]] [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]]
|rowspan=2 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1950–1962)
|rowspan="1" |Deputy Minister
|| 14 August 1950
|| 12 August 1952
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1950|8|14|1952|8|12}}
|rowspan=2 | 11 years, 7 months and 27 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State{{efn|name=k|With Cabinet rank from 12 August 1952 – 13 June 1956.|group= n}}
|| 12 August 1952
|| 9 April 1962
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1952|8|12|1962|4|9}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=4|54
| rowspan=4|[[Ashoke Kumar Sen]] {{small|(1913–1996)}}
|rowspan=4|[[File:Ashoke Sen official portrait.gif|100px]]
|rowspan=4|Cabinet Minister (Minister of Steel and Mines)
|rowspan=4 |[[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Chandra Shekhar ministry|Chandra Shekhar]]
|rowspan=4 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1957–1966, 1984–1987) {{Color box|{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}|border=darkgray}}[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|SJP (R)]] (1990–1991)
|rowspan="1" |Minister of State
|| 17 April 1957
|| 10 April 1962
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1957|4|17|1962|4|10}}
|rowspan=4 | 11 years, 7 months and 8 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |Cabinet Minister
|| 10 April 1962
|| 24 January 1966
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1962|4|10|1966|1|24}}
|- align="center"
|| 31 December 1984
|| 31 March 1987
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1984|12|31|1987|3|31}}
|- align="center"
|| 21 November 1990
|| 21 June 1991
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1990|11|21|1991|6|21}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=4|55
| rowspan=4|[[Mohammad Shafi Qureshi]] {{small|(1928–2019)}}
|rowspan=4|[[File:Mohammad_Shafi_Qureshi,_Governor_of_Madhya_Pradesh_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=4|Cabinet Minister (Minister of Tourism and Civil Aviation)
|rowspan=4 |[[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Charan Singh ministry|Charan]]
|rowspan=4 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1966–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1977) {{colour box|{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}}} [[Janata Party (Secular)|JP (S)]] (1979–1980)
|rowspan="2" |Deputy Minister
|| 29 January 1966
|| 13 March 1967
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1966|1|29|1967|3|13}}
|rowspan=4 | 11 years, 7 months and 4 days
|- align="center"
|| 18 March 1967
|| 10 October 1974
|{{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|18|1974|10|10}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State
|| 10 October 1974
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1974|10|10|1977|3|24}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Cabinet Minister
|| 30 July 1979
|| 14 January 1980
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1979|7|30|1980|1|14}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |'''56'''
| rowspan="3" |'''[[Jual Oram]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1961)}}'''
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Jual Oram Tribal Affairs Minister.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=3 | Cabinet Minister (Minister of Tribal AffAirs)
| rowspan="3" |[[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]] [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (1999–2004, 2014–2019, '''2024–present''')
| rowspan=3|Cabinet Minister
|| 13 October 1999
|| 22 May 2004
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1999|10|13|2004|05|22}}
| rowspan=3 | '''11 years and 6 months'''{{efn|name=d|group= n}}
|- align="center"
|| 26 May 2014
|| 30 May 2019
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26|2019|5|30}}
|- align="center"
|| '''9 June 2024'''
|| '''present'''
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2024|6|9|}}'''
|- align="center"
| rowspan=3|57
| rowspan=3|[[Morarji Desai]] {{small|(1896–1995)}}
|rowspan=3|[[File:Morarji Desai During his visit to the United States of America .jpg|100px]]
|rowspan=3|Prime Minister
|rowspan=3 |[[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Desai ministry|Desai]]
|rowspan=3 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1956–1963, 1967–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1977) {{colour box|{{party color|Janata Party}}}} [[Janata Party|JP]] (1977–1979)
|rowspan="1" |Cabinet Minister
|| 14 November 1956
|| 31 August 1963
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1956|11|14|1963|8|31}}
|rowspan=3 | 11 years, 5 months and 27 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Deputy Prime Minister{{efn|name=l|and Minister of Finance from 13 March 1967 – 16 July 1969.|group= n}}
|| 13 March 1967
|| 19 July 1969
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|13|1969|7|19}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="1" |Prime Minister
|| 24 March 1977
|| 28 July 1979
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1977|3|24|1979|7|28}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |'''58'''
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Giriraj Singh]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1952)}}'''
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Giriraj Singh addressing a press conference on the achievements of the Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises, during the last four years, in New Delhi (cropped).JPG|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Textiles)
| rowspan="2" |[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ('''2014–present''')
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State
|| 9 Nov 2014
|| 30 May 2019
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2014|11|9|2019|5|30}}
| rowspan=2 |'''11 years, 5 months and 17 days'''{{efn|name=d|group= n}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Cabinet Minister
|| '''30 May 2019'''
|| '''present'''
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2019|5|30|}}'''
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |59
| rowspan="3" |[[Chidambaram Subramaniam]] {{small|(1910–2000)}}
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Chidambaram_Subramaniam.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=3 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Defence)
| rowspan="3" |[[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Charan Singh ministry|Charan]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1962–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1977) {{Colorsample|#FF0000}} [[Indian National Congress (U)|INC (U)]] (1979–1980)
| rowspan=1|Cabinet Minister
|| 10 April 1962
|| 13 March 1967
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1962|4|10|1967|3|13}}
| rowspan=3 | 11 years, 3 months and 18 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan=2 |Cabinet Minister
|| 24 April 1971
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1971|4|24|1977|3|24}}
|- align="center"
|| 30 July 1979
|| 14 January 1980
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1979|7|30|1980|1|14}}
|- align="center"
| 60
| [[K. Chengalaraya Reddy]] {{small|(1902–1976)}}
| [[File:K._C._Reddy.jpg|100px]]
| Cabinet Minister (Minister of Commerce and Industry)
| [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]]
| {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1952–1963)
| Cabinet Minister
| 15 May 1952
| 19 July 1963
| [[File:Arrow east.svg|40px|]]
| {{Age in years, months and days|1952|5|15|1963|7|19}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="4" |61
| rowspan="4" |[[C. K. Jaffer Sharief]] {{small|(1933–2018)}}
| rowspan="4" | [[File:Veteran_Leader_Ck_jaffer_Sharief_on_a_Hartal_(cropped).JPG|100px]]
| rowspan="4" |Cabinet Minister (Minister without Portfolio)
| rowspan="4" |[[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
| rowspan="4" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1980–1984, 1988–1989, 1991–1995)
| rowspan="3" |Minister of State{{efn|name=m|With Independent charge 4 November–31 December 1984.|group= n}}
|| 14 January 1980
|| 31 October 1984
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1980|1|14|1984|10|31}}
| rowspan=4 |11 years, 2 months and 3 days
|- align="center"
|| 4 November 1984
|| 31 December 1984
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1984|11|4|1984|12|31}}
|- align="center"
|| 14 February 1988
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1988|2|14|1989|12|2}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Cabinet Minister
|| 21 June 1991
|| 22 November 1995
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1995|11|22}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=2|62
| rowspan=2|[[Annasaheb Shinde]] {{small|(1922–1993)}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:Annasaheb_Shinde_Lok_Sabha_portrait.gif|100px]]
|rowspan=2|Minister of State (Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation)
|rowspan=2 |[[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
|rowspan=2 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1966–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1977)
|rowspan="1" |Deputy Minister
|| 24 January 1966
|| 13 March 1967
|{{Age in years, months and days|1966|1|24|1967|3|13}}
|rowspan=2 | 11 years, 1 month and 28 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Minister of State
|| 13 March 1967
|| 24 March 1977
|{{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|13|1977|3|24}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=4|63
| rowspan=4|[[Dajisaheb Chavan]] {{small|(1916–1973)}}
|rowspan=4|[[File:Dajisaheb_Chavan_Lok_Sabha_image.gif|100px]]
|rowspan=4|Minister of State (Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs)
|rowspan=4 |[[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
|rowspan=4 |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1962–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1973)
|rowspan="3" |Deputy Minister
|| 8 May 1962
|| 9 June 1964
|{{Age in years, months and days|1962|5|8|1964|6|9}}
|rowspan=4 | 11 years, 1 month and 18 days
|- align="center"
|| 15 June 1964
|| 13 March 1967
|{{Age in years, months and days|1964|6|15|1967|3|13}}
|- align="center"
|| 18 March 1967
|| 14 February 1969
|{{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|18|1969|2|14}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Minister of State
|| 14 February 1969
|| 8 July 1973{{note label|†|†|†}}
|{{Age in years, months and days|1969|2|14|1973|7|8}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |'''64'''
| rowspan="3" |'''[[Jyotiraditya Scindia]]''' '''{{small|(b. 1971)}}'''
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Jyotiraditya Scindia at the India Economic Summit 2009.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="3" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Communications)
| rowspan="3" |[[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]] [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]] [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2008–2014) {{coloursample|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ('''2021–present''')
| rowspan="2" |Minister of State
|| 6 April 2008
|| 22 May 2009
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2008|4|6|2009|5|22}}
| rowspan=3 |'''10 years, 11 months and 3 days'''{{efn|name=d|group= n}}
|- align="center"
|| 28 May 2009
|| 26 May 2014
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2009|5|28|2014|5|26}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Cabinet Minister
|| '''7 July 2021'''
|| '''present'''
|| '''{{Age in years, months and days|2021|7|7}}'''
|- align="center"
| rowspan=2|65
| rowspan=2|[[Jaipal Reddy]] {{small|(1942–2019)}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:Jaipal_Sudini_Reddy_03212.JPG|125px]]
|rowspan=2|Cabinet Minister (Minister of Science and Technology)
|rowspan=2 |[[Gujral ministry|Gujral]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]] [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
|rowspan=2 |{{colour box|Green}} [[Janata Dal|JD]] (1997–1998) {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2004–2014)
|rowspan="2" |Cabinet Minister
|| 1 May 1997
|| 19 March 1998
|{{Age in years, months and days|1997|5|1|1998|3|19}}
|rowspan=2 | 10 years, 10 months and 22 days
|- align="center"
|| 22 May 2004
|| 26 May 2014
|{{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2014|5|26}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=3|66
| rowspan=3|[[T. R. Baalu]] {{small|(b. 1941)}}
|rowspan=3|[[File:The_Union_Minister_for_Shipping,_Road_Transport_and_Highways,_Shri_T._R._Baalu_addressing_at_a_Conference_of_the_Ministers_in_charge_of_National_Highways_of_all_the_StatesUTs,_in_New_Delhi_on_June_24,_2008.jpg|125px]]
|rowspan=3|Cabinet Minister (Minister of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways)
|rowspan=3 |[[Deve Gowda ministry|Deve Gowda]] [[Gujral ministry|Gujral]] [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]
|rowspan=3 |{{coloursample|Black}}{{coloursample|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}} [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] (1996–1998, 1999–2003, 2004–2009)
|rowspan="1" |Minister of State
|| 6 July 1996
|| 19 March 1998
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1996|7|6|1998|3|19}}
|rowspan=3 | 10 years, 10 months and 21 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |Cabinet Minister
|| 13 October 1999
|| 21 December 2003
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1999|10|13|2003|12|21}}
|- align="center"
|| 22 May 2004
|| 22 May 2009
|{{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2009|5|22}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |67
| rowspan="2" |[[Nityanand Kanungo]] {{small|(1900–1988)}}
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Nityanand Kanungo.jpg|125px]]
| rowspan="2" |Minister of State (Minister of Civil Aviation)
| rowspan="2" |[[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1954–1965)
| rowspan="1" |Deputy Minister
|| 28 September 1954
|| 10 August 1955
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1954|9|28|1955|8|10}}
| rowspan=2 |10 years, 10 months and 4 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Minister of State{{efn|name=n|With Cabinet rank 17–25 April 1957.|group= n}}
|| 10 August 1955
|| 31 July 1965
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1955|8|10|1965|7|31}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="4" |68
| rowspan="4" |[[Manubhai Shah]] {{small|(1915–2000)}}
| rowspan="4" |[[File:Manubhai Shah Lok Sabha portrait.gif|100px]]
| rowspan="4" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Commerce)
| rowspan="4" |[[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]]
| rowspan="4" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1956–1967)
| rowspan="3" |Minister of State{{efn|name=o|With Cabinet rank 13 June 1956 – 16 April 1957, and from 25 April 1957 – 10 April 1962.|group= n}}
|| 1 May 1956
|| 16 April 1957
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1956|5|1|1957|4|16}}
| rowspan=4 |10 years, 10 months and 4 days
|- align="center"
|| 17 April 1957
|| 10 April 1962
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1957|4|17|1962|4|10}}
|- align="center"
|| 16 April 1962
|| 24 January 1966
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1962|4|16|1966|1|24}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Cabinet Minister
|| 24 January 1966
|| 13 March 1967
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1966|1|24|1967|3|13}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |69
| rowspan="3" |[[Maneka Gandhi]] {{small|(b. 1956)}}
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Maneka-Gandhi.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="3" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Women and Child Development)
| rowspan="3" |[[V. P. Singh ministry|Vishwanath]] [[Chandra Shekhar ministry|Chandra Shekhar]] [[Second Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee II]] [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]] [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|{{party color|Janata Dal}}}} [[Janata Dal|JD]] (1989–1991) {{coloursample|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (1998–2002, 2014–2019)
| rowspan="2" |Minister of State{{efn|name=p|With Independent charge from 21 November 1990 – 21 June 1991, and from 19 March 1998 – 1 July 2002.|group= n}}
|| 6 December 1989
|| 21 June 1991
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1989|12|6|1991|6|21}}
| rowspan=3 |10 years, 10 months and 1 day
|- align="center"
|| 19 March 1998
|| 1 July 2002
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1998|3|19|2002|7|1}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Cabinet Minister
|| 26 May 2014<ref name="Council_2014"/>
|| 30 May 2019
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26|2019|5|30}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3"|70
| rowspan="3"|[[Faggan Singh Kulaste]] {{small|(b. 1959)}}
| rowspan="3"|[[File:Shri_Faggan_Singh_Kulaste_taking_charge_as_the_Minister_of_State_for_Steel,_in_New_Delhi_on_May_31,_2019_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="3"|Minister of State (Minister of Steel and Rural Development{{efn|name=q|With additional charge of Rural Development from 7 July 2021.|group= n}})
| rowspan="3" |[[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]] [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]
| rowspan="3"|{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (1999–2004, 2016–2017, 2019–2024)
| rowspan="3"| Minister of State
|| 13 October 1999
|| 22 May 2004
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1999|10|13|2004|5|22}}
| rowspan=3 | 10 years, 9 months and 18 days
|- align="center"
|| 5 July 2016<ref>{{cite web|title=President's Secretariat: Press Communique|url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=146828|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227135823/https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=146828|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive|date=5 July 2016|archive-date=27 December 2024|accessdate=27 July 2025}}</ref>
|| 3 September 2017
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2016|7|5|2017|9|3}}
|- align="center"
|| 30 May 2019<ref>{{cite web|title=President's Secretariat: Press Communique|url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=190142|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive|date=30 May 2019|accessdate=9 June 2024}}</ref>
|| 9 June 2024
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2019|5|30|2024|6|9}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="4" |71
| rowspan="4" |[[M. Arunachalam (politician)|M. Arunachalam]] {{small|(1944–2004)}}
| rowspan="4" |[[File:M.Arunachalam.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="4" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers)
| rowspan="4" |[[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]] [[Deve Gowda ministry|Deve Gowda]] [[Gujral ministry|Gujral]]
| rowspan="4" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1985–1996) {{coloursample|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}}} [[Tamil Maanila Congress|TMC]] (1996–1998)
| rowspan="2" |Minister of State
|| 25 September 1985
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1985|9|25|1989|12|2}}
| rowspan=4 |10 years, 8 months and 28 days
|- align="center"
|| 21 June 1991
|| 3 April 1996
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1996|4|3}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=2|Cabinet Minister
|| 1 June 1996
|| 21 April 1997
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1996|6|1|1997|4|21}}
|- align="center"
|| 1 May 1997
|| 19 March 1998
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1997|5|1|1998|3|19}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |72
| rowspan="3" |[[A. Raja]] {{small|(b. 1963)}}
| rowspan="3" |[[File:A_still_of_the_Union_Minister_for_Environment_&_Forests,_Shri_A._Raja_during_a_meeting_of_Chief_Wildlife_Wardens_and_Field_Directors_of_Project_Tiger_Reserves,_in_New_Delhi_on_May_26,_2005.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="3" |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Communications and Information Technology)
| rowspan="3" |[[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]] [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
| rowspan="3" |{{coloursample|Black}}{{coloursample|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}} [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] (1999–2003, 2004–2010)
| rowspan="1" |Minister of State
|| 13 October 1999
|| 21 December 2003
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1999|10|13|2003|12|21}}
| rowspan=3 |10 years, 7 months and 26 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan=2|Cabinet Minister
|| 22 May 2004
|| 22 May 2009
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2009|5|22}}
|- align="center"
|| 28 May 2009
|| 15 November 2010
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2009|5|28|2010|11|15}}
|- align="center"
|| 73
|| [[Maulana Azad]] {{small|(1888–1958)}}
|| [[File:Abul_Kalam_Azad_1.jpg|100px]]
|| Cabinet Minister (Minister of Education and Scientific Research)
| [[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]] [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]]
| {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1947–1958)
|| Cabinet Minister
|| 15 August 1947
|| 22 February 1958{{note label|†|†|†}}
|| [[File:Arrow east.svg|40px|]]
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1947|8|15|1958|2|22}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |74
| rowspan="3" |[[B. N. Datar]] {{small|(1894–1963)}}
| rowspan="3" |[[File:B. N. Datar Lok Sabha photo.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="3" |Minister of State (Home Affairs)
| rowspan="3" |[[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1952–1963)
| rowspan="1" |Deputy Minister
|| 12 August 1952
|| 14 February 1956
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1952|8|12|1956|2|14}}
| rowspan=3 |10 years, 5 months and 27 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan=2|Minister of State{{efn|name=r|With Cabinet rank 14 February 1956 – 17 April 1957.|group= n}}
|| 14 February 1956
|| 10 April 1962
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1956|2|14|1962|4|10}}
|- align="center"
|| 16 April 1962
|| 13 February 1963{{note label|†|†|†}}
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1962|4|16|1963|2|13}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |75
| rowspan="2" |[[Karan Singh]] {{small|(b. 1931)}}
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Pranab_Mukherjee_receiving_the_first_copy_of_the_book_entitled_"VB-Raju-The_Visionary_Leader"_from_the_President_of_ICCR,_Dr._Karan_Singh,_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=2 |Cabinet Minister (Minister of Education and Culture)
| rowspan="2" |[[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Charan Singh ministry|Charan Singh]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1967–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1977) {{Colorsample|#FF0000}} [[Indian National Congress (U)|INC (U)]] (1979–1980)
| rowspan=2|Cabinet Minister
|| 16 March 1967
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|16|1977|3|24}}
| rowspan=2 | 10 years, 5 months and 23 days
|- align="center"
|| 30 July 1979
|| 14 January 1980
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1979|7|30|1980|1|14}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |76
| rowspan="3" |[[Dalbir Singh (Haryana politician)|Dalbir Singh]] {{small|(1926–1987)}}
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
| rowspan="3" |Minister of State (Energy-Coal)
| rowspan="3" |[[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]] [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1971–1977) {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1980–1984)
| rowspan="1" |Deputy Minister
|| 2 May 1971
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1971|5|8|1977|3|24}}
| rowspan=3 |10 years, 5 months and 6 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan=2|Minister of State
|| 8 June 1980
|| 31 October 1984
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1980|6|8|1984|10|31}}
|- align="center"
|| 4 November 1984
|| 31 December 1984
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1984|11|4|1984|12|31}}
|- align="center"
|| 77
|| [[S. K. Dey]] {{small|(1906–1989)}}
|| [[File:Surendra_Kumar_Dey_Lok_Sabha_image.gif|100px]]
|| Minister of State (Minister of State for Mines and Metals)
| [[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]]
| {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1956–1967)
|| Minister of State
|| 20 September 1956
|| 17 January 1967
|| [[File:Arrow east.svg|40px|]]
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1956|9|20|1967|1|17}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="3" |78
| rowspan="3" |[[Jagdish Tytler]] {{small|(b. 1944)}}
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Jagdish_Tytler_in_Mumbai_on_January_6,_2005.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=3 | Minister of State (Overseas Indian Affairs)
| rowspan="3" |[[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]
| rowspan="3" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1985–1989, 1991–1996, 2004–2005)
| rowspan=3|Minister of State{{efn|name=s|With Independent charge.|group= n}}
|| 25 September 1985
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1985|9|25|1989|12|2}}
| rowspan=3 | 10 years, 3 months and 21 days
|- align="center"
|| 21 June 1991
|| 16 May 1996
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1996|5|16}}
|- align="center"
|| 22 May 2004
|| 10 August 2005
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2005|8|10}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |79
| rowspan="2" |[[Kanuri Lakshmana Rao]] {{small|(1902–1986)}}
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
| rowspan=2 | Minister of State (Minister of State for Irrigation and Power)
| rowspan="2" |[[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1963–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1973)
| rowspan=2|Minister of State
|| 19 July 1963
|| 11 January 1966
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1963|7|19|1966|1|11}}
| rowspan=2 | 10 years, 3 months and 9 days
|- align="center"
|| 24 January 1966
|| 9 November 1973
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1966|1|24|1973|11|9}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="5" |80
| rowspan="5" |[[Maragatham Chandrasekar]] {{small|(1917–2001)}}
| rowspan="5" |[[File:Maragatham_Chandrasekar_Lok_Sabha_portrait.gif|100px]]
| rowspan="5" |Minister of State (Minister of State for Women and Social Welfare)
| rowspan="5" |[[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]] [[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]] [[Shastri ministry|Shastri]] [[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
| rowspan="5" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1952–1957, 1962–1967, 1984–1985)
| rowspan="4" |Deputy Minister
|| 12 August 1952
|| 16 April 1957
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1952|8|12|1957|4|16}}
| rowspan=5 |10 years, 2 months and 14 days
|- align="center"
|| 8 May 1962
|| 9 June 1964
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1962|5|8|1964|6|9}}
|- align="center"
|| 15 June 1964
|| 11 January 1966
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1964|6|15|1966|1|11}}
|- align="center"
|| 24 January 1966
|| 13 March 1967
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1966|1|24|1967|3|13}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Minister of State{{efn|name=s|With Independent charge.|group= n}}
|| 31 December 1984
|| 25 September 1985
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1984|12|31|1985|9|25}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="5" |81
| rowspan="5" |[[Giridhar Gamang]] {{small|(b. 1943)}}
| rowspan="5" |[[File:Giridhar-Gamang.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="5" |Minister of State (Minister of State for Mines)
| rowspan="5" |[[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]] [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
| rowspan="5" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1982–1996)
| rowspan="2" |Deputy Minister
|| 15 January 1982
|| 29 January 1983
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1982|1|15|1983|1|29}}
| rowspan=5 |10 years, 1 month and 6 days
|- align="center"
|| 27 September 1985
|| 15 February 1988
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1985|9|27|1988|2|15}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan=3|Minister of State{{efn|name=s|With Independent charge.|group= n}}
|| 15 February 1988
|| 2 December 1989
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1988|2|15|1989|12|2}}
|- align="center"
|| 21 June 1991
|| 5 September 1995
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1995|9|5}}
|- align="center"
|| 15 September 1995
|| 16 May 1996
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1995|9|15|1996|5|16}}
|- align="center"
||82
||[[Smriti Irani]] {{small|(b. 1976)}}
||[[File:Smt._Smriti_Irani_in_April_2023.jpg|100px]]
||Cabinet Minister (Minister of Women and Child Development and Minority Affairs)
|[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]
|{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (2014–2024)
|| Cabinet Minister
|| 26 May 2014<ref name="Council_2014"/>
|| 9 June 2024
|| [[File:Arrow east.svg|40px|]]
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26|2024|6|9}}
|- align="center"
||83
||[[V. K. Singh]] {{small|(b. 1951)}}
||[[File:VK Singh.jpg|100px]]
||Minister of State (Road Transport and Highways and Civil Aviation)
|[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]] [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]
|{{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (2014–2024)
|| Minister of State
|| 26 May 2014<ref name="Council_2014"/>
|| 9 June 2024
|| [[File:Arrow east.svg|40px|]]
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2014|5|26|2024|6|9}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |84
| rowspan="2" |[[M. V. Krishnappa]] {{small|(1918–1980)}}
| rowspan="2" |[[File:M. V. Krishnappa Lok Sabha photo.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Minister of State (Agriculture and Irrigation)
| rowspan="2" |[[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]] [[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]] [[Charan Singh ministry|Charan Singh]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1952–1962) {{Colorsample|#FF0000}} [[Indian National Congress (U)|INC (U)]] (1979–1980)
| rowspan="1" |Deputy Minister
|| 12 August 1952
|| 14 March 1962
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1952|8|12|1962|3|14}}
| rowspan=2 |10 years and 12 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Minister of State
|| 4 August 1979
|| 14 January 1980
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1979|8|4|1980|1|14}}
|- align="center"
||85
||[[K. V. Raghunatha Reddy]] {{small|(1924–2002)}}
||[[File:K._V._Raghunatha_Reddy_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
||Minister of State (Labour)
|[[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
|{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1967–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1977)
|| Minister of State
|| 13 March 1967
|| 24 March 1977
|| [[File:Arrow east.svg|40px|]]
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|13|1977|3|24}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="2" |86
| rowspan="2" |[[Surendra Pal Singh (politician)|Surendra Pal Singh]] {{small|(1917–2009)}}
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Surendra Pal Singh portrait.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" |Minister of State (Railways)
| rowspan="2" |[[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]] [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
| rowspan="2" |{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1967–1969) {{colour box|Turquoise}} [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]] (1969–1977)
| rowspan="1" |Deputy Minister
|| 18 March 1967
|| 5 February 1973
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1967|3|18|1973|2|5}}
| rowspan=2 |10 years and 7 days
|- align="center"
| rowspan=1|Minister of State
|| 5 February 1973
|| 24 March 1977
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1973|2|5|1977|3|24}}
|- align="center"
| rowspan="4"|87
| rowspan="4"|[[Arjun Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Arjun Singh]] {{small|(1930–2011)}}
| rowspan="4"|[[File:The Union Minister for Human Resource Development Shri Arjun Singh addressing a Press Conference in New Delhi on August 7, 2004.jpg|center|250x109px]]
| rowspan="4"|Cabinet Minister (Minister of Human Resource Development)
| rowspan="4"|[[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]] [[Rao ministry|Rao]] [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]
| rowspan="4"|{{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (1985–1988, 1991–1994, 2004–2009)
| rowspan="4"| Cabinet Minister
|| 15 November 1985
|| 20 January 1986
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1985|11|15|1986|1|20}}
| rowspan=4 | 10 years and 1 day
|- align="center"
|| 22 October 1986
|| 14 February 1988
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1986|10|22|1988|2|14}}
|- align="center"
|| 21 June 1991
|| 24 December 1994
|| {{Age in years, months and days|1991|6|21|1994|12|24}}
|- align="center"
|| 22 May 2004
|| 22 May 2009
|| {{Age in years, months and days|2004|5|22|2009|5|22}}
|}



==See also==
* [[List of longest-serving Indian chief ministers]]
* [[List of longest-serving members of the Parliament of India]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Councils of ministers of India}}
{{Indian federal ministries}}
{{Union ministries of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Union Council of Ministers of India}}
[[Category:Parliament of India]]
[[Category:Union ministers of India]]
[[Category:Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:National cabinets|India]]
[[Category:Council of Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Lists of people by time in office]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Lists of government ministers of India|*]]

India–Pakistan wars and conflicts

2026-04-30T03:43:57Z

RomanStrock4259: new new article more to come

{{Short description|none}}

{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = India–Pakistan conflict
| partof = the [[Kashmir conflict]] and the [[Cold War]]
| image = Pakistan India Locator 2.png
| caption = Location of India (orange) and Pakistan (green)
| date = 22 October 1947 – present ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=10|day1=22|year1=1947}})
| place = [[Line of Control]], [[India–Pakistan border]]
| status = [[List of ongoing military conflicts|Ongoing]]
| combatant1 = {{tree list}}
*'''{{flag|India}}'''
*{{flagcountry|Provisional Government of Bangladesh}} ([[Bangladesh Liberation War|1971]])<ref>{{cite news |url= https://time.com/archive/7081726/bangladesh-and-pakistan-the-forgotten-war/ |title=Bangladesh and Pakistan: The Forgotten War|date= 26 September 2008 |access-date= 19 May 2025 }}</ref>
{{tree list/end}}
| combatant2 = {{tree list}}
*'''{{flag|Pakistan}}'''
{{Collapsible list
| title ={{nobold|''Alleged proxies:''}}
| [[Kashmir insurgency|Kashmiri insurgents]] (1989–present)
**{{flagicon image|Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front flag.svg}} [[Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front]]
**{{flagicon image|Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba.svg}} [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]
**{{flagicon image|Jaishi-e-Mohammed.svg}} [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]
**{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg|center|250px}} [[United Jihad Council]]
**[[Hizbul Mujahideen]]
**[[People's Anti-Fascist Front]]
**{{flagicon image|TRF_logo.png|border=}} [[The Resistance Front]]
**{{flagicon image|Green Shahada.png}} [[Dukhtaran-e-Millat]]<ref>Multiple sources:
* {{cite web |url= http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/story/224631.html |title= DeM cadres lead women congregations across Kashmir |work= Greater Kashmir |date= 3 August 2016 |access-date= 9 August 2016 |archive-date= 24 December 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181224181641/https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/story/224631.html |url-status= live }}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/pro-freedom-rallies-in-pampore-bijbehara/224875.html |title= Pro-freedom rallies in Pampore, Bijbehara |first= Khalid |last= Gul |work= Greater Kashmir |date= 5 August 2016 |access-date= 9 August 2016 |archive-date= 8 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160808152845/http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/pro-freedom-rallies-in-pampore-bijbehara/224875.html |url-status= live }}
* {{cite web |url= http://kashmirreader.com/2016/08/02/dem-activists-asked-to-make-dua-e-majlis-successful/ |title= DeM activists asked to make Dua-e-Majlis successful |work= Kashmir Reader |date= 2 August 2016 |access-date= 9 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160803000443/http://kashmirreader.com/2016/08/02/dem-activists-asked-to-make-dua-e-majlis-successful/ |archive-date= 3 August 2016 |url-status= dead }}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/this-is-people-s-movement-be-united-dem/223425.html |title= This is people's Movement, be United: DeM |date= 22 July 2016 |access-date= 9 August 2016 |archive-date= 24 December 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181224181639/https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/this-is-people-s-movement-be-united-dem/223425.html |url-status= live }}</ref>
**{{flagicon image|Flag of Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.svg}} [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]]
**{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg|center|250px}} [[Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami]]
| [[Insurgency in Punjab, India|Khalistani insurgents]] (1984–1995)<ref>Multiple sources:
* {{cite news |url= https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19860515-pakistan-involvement-in-sikh-terrorism-in-punjab-based-on-solid-evidence-india-800879-1986-05-14 |title= Pakistan involvement in Sikh terrorism in Punjab based on solid evidence: India |website= [[India Today]] |date= 15 May 1986 |access-date= 20 May 2025}}
* {{cite news |url= https://dailytimes.com.pk/98062/pakistans-involvement-in-the-khalistan-movement/ |title= Pakistan's involvement in the Khalistan Movement |website= [[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] |date= 15 October 2015 |access-date= 20 May 2025}}</ref>
| [[Mizo National Front uprising|Mizo insurgents]] (1961–1986)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/home/research-projects/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/indiamizos-1960-present | title=38. India/Mizos (1961-present) }}</ref>
}}
{{tree list/end}}
| campaignbox = {{Indo-Pakistani Wars}}
| image_size = 300px
}}
Since the [[Partition of India|partition of British India]] in 1947 and subsequent creation of the [[dominion]]s of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]], the two countries have been involved in a number of wars, conflicts, and military standoffs. A long-running [[Kashmir conflict|dispute over Kashmir]] and [[State-sponsored terrorism|cross-border terrorism]] have been the predominant cause of conflict between the two states, with the exception of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], which occurred as a direct result of hostilities stemming from the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] in erstwhile [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]).

== Background ==
{{further|Indian independence movement|Pakistan Movement}}
[[File:Partition of India.PNG|thumb|Four nations ([[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Dominion of Ceylon|Ceylon (Sri Lanka)]] and [[Union of Burma|Burma]]) that gained independence in 1947 and 1948]]
The [[Partition of India]] came in 1947 with the sudden grant of independence.<ref name="Khan, 2007">{{cite book|last=Khan|first=Yasmin|title=The great Partition: the making of India and Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i9WdQp2pwOYC|access-date=30 October 2011|year=2007|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=978-0-300-12078-3|page=13}}</ref> It was the intention of those who wished for a Muslim state to have a clean partition between independent and equal "Pakistan" and "Hindustan" once independence came.<ref name="Ambedkar, 1946">* {{cite book |last=Ambedkar |first=Bhimrao Ramji |title=Pakistan or Partition of India |year=1945 |publisher=[[Thacker and company]] |location=[[Bombay]] |orig-year=first published as ''Thoughts on Pakistan'', 1940 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.50130 |page=5}}</ref>

Nearly one third of the Muslim population of India remained in the new India.<ref name="Dixit, 2002">{{cite book |title=India-Pakistan in War & Peace |last=Dixit |first=Jyotindra Nath |year=2002 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-30472-6 |page=13 }}</ref><ref>P. 4{{cite web|title = Cause for acceptance of refugees into European Nations|url = http://kharabanda.in/3.pdf|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170418162131/http://kharabanda.in/3.pdf|url-status = dead|archive-date = 18 April 2017|work = Dhruv Kharabanda|access-date = 9 October 2019}}</ref><ref>Population of independent Pakistan (East + West) was 60 million. Population of Muslims in Indian dominion was 30 million or 9% of total population.</ref>

Inter-communal violence between Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims resulted in between 200,000 and 2 million casualties leaving 14 million people displaced.<ref name="Khan, 2007" />{{sfn|Talbot|Singh|2009|p=2}}{{efn|"The death toll remains disputed with figures ranging from 200,000 to 2 million."{{sfn|Talbot|Singh|2009|p=2}}}}<ref name="Springer Science & Business Media">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tGiSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA6|title=Population Redistribution and Development in South Asia|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2012|isbn=978-9400953093|page=6|access-date=9 October 2019|archive-date=16 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116090238/https://books.google.com/books?id=tGiSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA6|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Princely state]]s in India were provided with an [[Instrument of Accession]] to accede to either India or Pakistan.<ref>{{cite book |via=Wikisource |title=White Paper on Indian States (1950)/Part 4/Instrument of Accession |chapter=Instrument of Accession |chapter-url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/White_Paper_on_Indian_States_(1950)/Part_4/Instrument_of_Accession |access-date=9 October 2019 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308201243/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/White_Paper_on_Indian_States_(1950)/Part_4/Instrument_of_Accession |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Wars==

===Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948===
{{main|Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948}}

The war, also called the '''first Indo-Pakistani war''', started in October 1947 when Pakistan feared that the [[Maharaja]] of the [[princely state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Kashmir and Jammu]] would accede to India. Following partition, [[princely states]] were left to choose whether to join India or Pakistan or to remain independent. Jammu and Kashmir, the largest of the princely states, had a majority Muslim population and significant fraction of Hindu population, all ruled by the Hindu [[Maharaja]] [[Hari Singh]]. Tribal Islamic forces with support from the army of Pakistan attacked and occupied parts of the princely state forcing the Maharaja to sign the [[Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)|Instrument of Accession]] of the princely state to the [[Dominion of India]] to receive Indian military aid. The UN Security Council passed [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 47|Resolution 47]] on 22 April 1948. The fronts solidified gradually along what came to be known as the [[Line of Control]]. A formal cease-fire was declared at 23:59 on the night of 1 January 1949.<ref name="Offl_Hist_1947">{{cite book |title=History of Operations in Jammu and Kashmir 1947–1948 |last1=Prasad|first1=S.N.|last2=Dharm Pal |year=1987 |publisher=History Department, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. (printed at Thomson Press (India) Limited) |location=New Delhi |page=418 }}</ref>{{rp|379}} India gained control of about two-thirds of the state ([[Kashmir Valley]], [[Jammu]] and [[Ladakh]]) whereas Pakistan gained roughly a third of {{nowrap|Kashmir ([[Azad Kashmir]], and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]).}} The Pakistan controlled areas are collectively referred to as Pakistan administered Kashmir.<ref name="South Asia in World Politics">{{cite book
|last1=Hagerty
|first1=Devin
|title=South Asia in World Politics
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kJ6PZ7g3Yw0C&q=indo+Pakistani+war+of+1947+india+gained+two+third+Kashmir&pg=PA460
|access-date=2016-03-06
|year=2005
|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]
|isbn=9780742525870
|page=161
|archive-date=6 February 2023
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206113817/https://books.google.com/books?id=kJ6PZ7g3Yw0C&q=indo+Pakistani+war+of+1947+india+gained+two+third+Kashmir&pg=PA460
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref name="The Kingfisher History Encyclopedia">{{cite book
|title=The Kingfisher History Encyclopedia
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kJ6PZ7g3Yw0C&q=indo+Pakistani+war+of+1947+india+gained+two+third+Kashmir&pg=PA460
|access-date=2016-03-06
|year=2004
|publisher=Kingfisher
|isbn=9780753457849
|page=460
|archive-date=6 February 2023
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206113817/https://books.google.com/books?id=kJ6PZ7g3Yw0C&q=indo+Pakistani+war+of+1947+india+gained+two+third+Kashmir&pg=PA460
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref name="New Zealand Defence Quarterly">{{cite book
|title=New Zealand Defence Quarterly, Issues 24-29
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fBcqAQAAIAAJ&q=invasion+1965
|access-date=2016-03-06
|year=1999
|publisher=New Zealand. Ministry of Defence
|archive-date=6 February 2023
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206113818/https://books.google.com/books?id=fBcqAQAAIAAJ&q=invasion+1965
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref name="Perspectives on Kashmir: the roots of conflict in South Asia">{{cite book
|last1=Thomas
|first1=Raju
|title=Perspectives on Kashmir: the roots of conflict in South Asia
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xrPtAAAAMAAJ&q=India+held+two-third+of+Jammu+and+Kashmir+and+Pakistan+held+other+one+third
|access-date=2016-03-06
|year=1992
|publisher=Westview Press
|isbn=9780813383439
|page=25
|archive-date=6 February 2023
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206113818/https://books.google.com/books?id=xrPtAAAAMAAJ&q=India+held+two-third+of+Jammu+and+Kashmir+and+Pakistan+held+other+one+third
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

===Indo-Pakistani war of 1965===
{{main|Indo-Pakistani war of 1965}}
[[File:Pakistani Army Position, 1965 War Footage 2.png|thumb|Pakistani Army Position, MG1A3 AA, 1965 War]]

This war started following Pakistan's [[Operation Gibraltar]], which was designed to infiltrate forces into [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] to precipitate an insurgency against rule by India. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on [[West Pakistan]]. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II.{{sfn|David R. Higgins|2016}}{{sfn|Rachna Bisht|2015}} The hostilities between the two countries ended after a ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and USA and the subsequent issuance of the [[Tashkent Declaration]].<ref name="Lyon2008">{{cite book|last=Lyon|first=Peter|title=Conflict between India and Pakistan: an encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLwOck15eboC&pg=PR11|access-date=30 October 2011|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-712-2|page=82|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207172511/https://books.google.com/books?id=vLwOck15eboC&pg=PR11|url-status=live}}</ref> India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dijink |first1=Gertjan |title=National Identity and Geopolitical Visions: Maps of Pride and Pain |date=2002 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781134771295 |quote=The superior Indian forces, however, won a decisive victory and the army could have even marched on into Pakistani territory had external pressure not forced both combatants to cease their war efforts.}}</ref><ref name="USLib">{{cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+pk0152)|title=Pakistan :: The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|work=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]], United States of America|date=April 1994|access-date=2 October 2010|archive-date=7 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107081241/http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+pk0152%29|url-status=live}} Quote: Losses were relatively heavy--on the Pakistani side, twenty aircraft, 200 tanks, and 3,800 troops. Pakistan's army had been able to withstand Indian pressure, but a continuation of the fighting would only have led to further losses and ultimate defeat for Pakistan.</ref><ref name="Hagerty">{{cite book|last = Hagerty|first = Devin|title = South Asia in world politics|year = 2005|publisher = Rowman & Littlefield, 2005|page = 26|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ln3qChyrmIQC|isbn = 0-7425-2587-2|access-date = 15 November 2015|archive-date = 5 February 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230205202531/https://books.google.com/books?id=ln3qChyrmIQC|url-status = live}} Quote: The invading Indian forces outfought their Pakistani counterparts and halted their attack on the outskirts of Lahore, Pakistan's second-largest city. By the time United Nations intervened on 22 September, Pakistan had suffered a clear defeat.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Wolpert|first=Stanley|title=India|year=2005|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=0520246969|page=235|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HmkL1tp2Nl4C|edition=3rd ed. with a new preface.|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330072125/https://books.google.com/books?id=HmkL1tp2Nl4C|url-status=live}} Quote: India, however, was in a position to inflict grave damage to, if not capture, Pakistan's capital of the Punjab when the cease-fire was called, and controlled Kashmir's strategic Uri-Poonch bulge, much to Ayub's chagrin.</ref>

===Indo-Pakistani war of 1971===
{{main|Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|Bangladesh Liberation War}}
[[File:1971 Instrument of Surrender WaPo.jpg|thumb|[[Lieutenant-General]] [[A. A. K. Niazi]], the commander of [[Pakistan Eastern Command]], signing the [[Pakistani Instrument of Surrender|instrument of surrender]] in [[Dhaka]] on 16 Dec 1971, in the presence of India's [[Jagjit Singh Aurora|Lt. Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora]].]]
[[File:Ussdiablo.jpg|thumb|Pakistan's {{ship|PNS|Ghazi}}, the Pakistani submarine which sank during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War under mysterious circumstances<ref>{{cite book|last=Till|first=Geoffrey |title=Seapower: a guide for the twenty-first century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcejlMRYNAAC&q=PNS+Ghazi&pg=PA179|access-date=2010-05-28|year=2004|publisher=Frank Cass Publishers|location=Great Britain|isbn=0-7146-8436-8|page=179}}</ref> off the [[Visakhapatnam]] coast.]]
This war was unique in the way that it did not involve the issue of Kashmir, but was rather precipitated by the crisis created by the political battle brewing in erstwhile [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]) between [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], Leader of [[East Pakistan]], and [[Yahya Khan]] and [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]], leaders of West Pakistan. This would culminate in the declaration of Independence of [[Bangladesh]] from the state system of Pakistan. Following [[Operation Searchlight]] and the [[1971 Bangladesh atrocities]], about 10 million Bengalis in East Pakistan took refuge in neighbouring India.<ref>{{cite book
|last = Christophe Jaffrelot, Gillian Beaumont
|title = A History of Pakistan and Its Origins
|date = 28 September 2004
|publisher = Anthem Press, 2004
|isbn = 1-84331-149-6 }}</ref>
India intervened in the ongoing [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Bangladesh liberation movement]].<ref name="LATimes, 2002">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-30-me-passings30.1-story.html |title=Gen. Tikka Khan, 87; 'Butcher of Bengal' Led Pakistani Army |author=Times Staff and Wire Reports |date=30 March 2002 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=30 October 2011 |archive-date=19 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619021031/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-30-me-passings30.1-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Daily Star, 2011">{{cite news |author=Ahsan |first=Syed Badrul |author-link=Syed Badrul Ahsan |date=15 July 2011 |title=A Lamp Glows for Indira Gandhi |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2011/07/03/musing.htm |access-date=30 October 2011 |work=The Daily Star |volume=10 |issue=27 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224145043/https://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2011/07/03/musing.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> After a large scale [[Operation Chengiz Khan|pre-emptive strike]] by Pakistan, full-scale hostilities between the two countries commenced.

Pakistan attacked at several places along India's western border with Pakistan, but the [[Indian Army]] successfully held their positions. The Indian Army quickly responded to the Pakistan Army's movements in the west and made some initial gains, including capturing around {{convert|5795|sqmi|km2|order=flip|abbr=off}}<ref name="Shuja Nawaz 2008">{{cite book |last=Nawaz |first=Shuja |title=Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within |date=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-547697-2 |page=329}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LCaAQCnO3QQC&pg=PA81|title=Benazir, a Profile – M. G. Chitkara|page=81|isbn=9788170247524|last1=Chitkara|first1=M. G|year=1996|publisher=APH }}</ref><ref name="https">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ek00fuXVz1wC&pg=PA117|title=Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War – Victoria Schofield|date=2003|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-86064-898-4|page=117|last1=Schofield|first1=Victoria}}</ref> of Pakistani territory (land gained by India in Pakistani Kashmir, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]] and [[Sindh]] sectors but gifted it back to Pakistan in the [[Simla Agreement]] of 1972, as a gesture of goodwill). Within two weeks of intense fighting, Pakistani forces in [[East Pakistan]] [[Instrument of Surrender (1971)|surrendered]] to the joint command of Indian and Bangladeshi forces following which the [[People's Republic of Bangladesh]] was created.<ref name="Leonard, 2006">{{cite book |last = Leonard |first = Thomas |title = Encyclopedia of the developing world |publisher = Taylor & Francis|year= 2006 |isbn = 978-0-415-97662-6}}</ref> The war resulted in the surrender of more than 90,000 Pakistani Army troops.<ref>{{cite news |title=India Pakistan {{!}} Timeline |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/south_asia/2002/india_pakistan/timeline/1971.stm |access-date=2022-04-22 |publisher=BBC News |archive-date=11 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011102832/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/south_asia/2002/india_pakistan/timeline/1971.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In the words of one Pakistani author, "Pakistan lost half its navy, a quarter of its air force and a third of its army".<ref>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Tariq|title=Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=moJPPgAACAAJ&q=Can+Pakistan+Survive%3F|publisher=Verso Books|year=1997|isbn=0-86091-949-8|access-date=26 October 2020|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829162443/https://books.google.com/books?id=moJPPgAACAAJ&q=Can+Pakistan+Survive%3F|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Kargil War (1999)===

{{main|Kargil War}}
This conflict between the two countries was mostly limited. During early 1999, Pakistani troops infiltrated across the [[Line of Control]] (LoC) and occupied Indian territory mostly in the [[Kargil district]]. India responded by launching a major military and diplomatic offensive to drive out the Pakistani infiltrators.<ref name=Stanley>{{cite book |last=Wolpert |first=Stanley |title=India and Pakistan: Continued Conflict or Cooperation? |url=https://archive.org/details/indiapakistancon0000wolp |url-access=registration |publisher=University of California Press |date=14 August 2010 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiapakistancon0000wolp/page/73 73] |chapter=Recent Attempts to Resolve the Conflict|isbn=9780520271401}}</ref> Two months into the conflict, Indian troops had slowly retaken most of the ridges that were encroached by the infiltrators.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/v23/n08/ali_01_.html|title=Bitter Chill of Winter|first=Tariq|last=Ali|author-link=Tariq Ali|newspaper=[[London Review of Books]]=|access-date=2009-05-20|archive-date=1 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001175541/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v23/n08/ali_01_.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Colonel Ravi Nanda | title=Kargil: A Wake Up Call | publisher=Vedams Books | year=1999 | isbn=81-7095-074-0}} [https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no14953.htm Online summary of the Book] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928055430/https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no14953.htm |date=28 September 2007 }}</ref> According to official count, an estimated 75%–80% of the intruded area and nearly all high ground was back under Indian control.<ref name="VP Malik">[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_26-7-2002_pg4_12 Kargil: where defence met diplomacy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216074135/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_26-7-2002_pg4_12 |date=16 December 2012 }} - India's then [[Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army|Chief of Army Staff]] VP Malik, expressing his views on Operation Vijay. Hosted on ''[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]''; [http://www.stanford.edu/group/sjir/3.1.06_kapur-narang.html The Fate of Kashmir By Vikas Kapur and Vipin Narang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118203713/http://www.stanford.edu/group/sjir/3.1.06_kapur-narang.html |date=18 January 2012 }} Stanford Journal of International Relations; [http://www.ipcs.org/ipcs/displayReview.jsp?kValue=102 Book review of "The Indian Army: A Brief History by Maj Gen Ian Cardozo"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108040104/http://www.ipcs.org/ipcs/displayReview.jsp?kValue=102 |date=8 January 2009 }} - Hosted on IPCS</ref>
Fearing large-scale escalation in military conflict, the international community, led by the [[United States]], increased diplomatic pressure on Pakistan to withdraw forces from remaining Indian territory.<ref name=Stanley/><ref name=Dettman>{{cite book |last=R. Dettman |first=Paul |title=India Changes Course: Golden Jubilee to Millennium |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2001 |pages=119–120 |chapter=Kargil War Operations|isbn=9780275973087}}</ref>
Faced with the possibility of international isolation, the already fragile [[Economy of Pakistan|Pakistani economy]] was weakened further.<ref name="Samina Ahmed">[http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/1209/diplomatic_fiasco.html Samina Ahmed. "Diplomatic Fiasco: Pakistan's Failure on the Diplomatic Front Nullifies its Gains on the Battlefield"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804180723/http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/1209/diplomatic_fiasco.html |date=4 August 2011 }} (Belfer Center for International Affairs, [[Harvard Kennedy School]])</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.salon.com/news/feature/1999/10/13/reacts/print.html|title=Coup d'itat: Pakistan gets a new sheriff|author=Daryl Lindsey and Alicia Montgomery|work=salon.com|access-date=19 June 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091220041521/http://www.salon.com/news/feature/1999/10/13/reacts/print.html|archive-date=20 December 2009}}</ref> The morale of Pakistani forces after the withdrawal declined as many units of the [[Northern Light Infantry]] suffered heavy casualties.<ref name="Summary">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/research/kargil/war_in_kargil.pdf|title=War in Kargil - The CCC's summary on the war|access-date=2009-05-20|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040221091712/http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/research/kargil/war_in_kargil.pdf|archive-date=21 February 2004}}</ref><ref>[http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/1002/friend_for_all_seasons.html Samina Ahmed. "A Friend for all Seasons."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114856/http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/1002/friend_for_all_seasons.html |date=4 March 2016 }} (Belfer Center for International Affairs, [[Harvard Kennedy School]])</ref> The government refused to accept the dead bodies of many officers,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/jul/11karg1.htm|title=Rediff on the NeT: Pakistan refuses to take even officers' bodies|work=rediff.com|access-date=19 June 2015|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224181953/https://www.rediff.com/news/1999/jul/11karg1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.indianembassy.org/pic/PR_1999/July_1999/PR_July_15_1999.html "press release issued in New Delhi regarding bodies of two Pakistan Army Officers"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615050107/http://www.indianembassy.org/pic/PR_1999/July_1999/PR_July_15_1999.html |date=15 June 2010 }}</ref> an issue that provoked outrage and protests in the Northern Areas.<ref>Second-Class Citizens by M. Ilyas Khan, [[The Herald (Pakistan)]], July 2000. [http://www.warbirds.in/downloads/HeraldKargil.pdf Online scanned version of the article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181806/http://www.warbirds.in/downloads/HeraldKargil.pdf |date=21 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110503214522/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2006092505001100.htm&date=2006%2F09%2F25%2F&prd=th& Musharraf and the truth about Kargil]}} - [[The Hindu]] 25 September 2006</ref> Pakistan initially did not acknowledge many of its casualties, but [[Nawaz Sharif]] later said that over 4,000 Pakistani troops were killed in the operation and that Pakistan had lost the conflict.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://hindu.com/2003/08/17/stories/2003081702900800.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111034601/http://hindu.com/2003/08/17/stories/2003081702900800.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=2012-11-11|title=Over 4000 soldier's killed in Kargil: Sharif|work=[[The Hindu]]| access-date=2009-05-20}}</ref><ref name=Kapur>{{cite book|last=Kapur|first=S. Paul|title=Dangerous Deterrent: Nuclear Weapons Proliferation and Conflict in South Asia|year=2007|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0804755498|edition=23rd|page=227}}</ref> By the end of July 1999, organized hostilities in the Kargil district had ceased.<ref name=Dettman/>
The war was a major military defeat for the Pakistani Army.<ref>{{cite book |last1=MacDonald |first1=Myra |title=Defeat is an Orphan: How Pakistan Lost the Great South Asian War |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-1-84904-858-3 |pages=27, 53, 64, 66 |quote=p. 27: It was not so much that India won the Great South Asian War but that Pakistan lost it.{{pb}}p. 53: The story of the Kargil War—Pakistan's biggest defeat by India since 1971 —is one that goes to the heart of why it lost the Great South Asian War.{{pb}}p. 64: Afterwards, Musharraf and his supporters would claim that Pakistan won the war militarily and lost it diplomatically. In reality, the military and diplomatic tides turned against Pakistan in tandem.{{pb}}p. 66: For all its bravado, Pakistan had failed to secure even one inch of land.{{pb}} Less than a year after declaring itself a nuclear-armed power, Pakistan had been humiliated diplomatically and militarily.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Lavoy |editor1-first=Peter René |title=Asymmetric Warfare in South Asia: The Causes and Consequences of the Kargil Conflict |date=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-76721-7 |page=180 |quote=The false optimism of the architects of the Kargil intrusion, colored by the illusion of a cheap victory, was not only the main driver of the operation, and hence the crisis, it also was the cause of Pakistan's most damaging military defeat since the loss of East Pakistan in December 1971.}}</ref>

==Other conflicts==

Apart from the aforementioned wars, there have been other regional conflicts between the two nations from time to time, which have not bordered on all-out war.<ref name="Lyon2008" />

===Siachen conflict (1984–2003)===
{{main|Siachen conflict}}

The '''Siachen conflict''', sometimes referred to as the '''Siachen Glacier conflict''' or the '''Siachen War''', was a military conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed {{convert|1000|sqmi|km2|adj=mid}}<ref name="Time">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,958254-2,00.html|title=The Himalayas War at the Top Of the World|first=Edward W.|last=Desmond|date=31 July 1989|magazine=Time|access-date=11 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114104526/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C958254-2%2C00.html|archive-date=14 January 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Siachen Glacier]] region in [[Kashmir]].<ref name="Lyon2008" /><ref name="Wirsing1998">{{cite book|last=Wirsing|first=Robert|title=India, Pakistan, and the Kashmir dispute: on regional conflict and its resolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3z8sNZTVv5gC&pg=PA77|access-date=31 October 2011|date=15 February 1998|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-312-17562-7|page=77}}</ref> The conflict was started in 1984 by India's successful capture of the Siachen Glacier as part of [[Operation Meghdoot]], and continued with [[Operation Rajiv]] in 1987. India took control of the {{convert|70|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} Siachen Glacier and its tributary glaciers, as well as all the main passes and heights of the [[Saltoro Mountains|Saltoro Ridge]] immediately west of the glacier, including [[Sia La]], [[Bilafond La]], and [[Gyong La]]. Pakistan controls the glacial valleys immediately west of the Saltoro Ridge.<ref name="Wirsing">{{cite book |last = Wirsing |first = Robert |title = Pakistan's security under Zia, 1977–1988: the policy imperatives of a peripheral Asian state |publisher = Palgrave Macmillan, 1991 |isbn = 9780312060671|date = 15 November 1991 }}</ref> A cease-fire went into effect in 2003,<ref name="Watson">{{cite news|last=Watson|first=Paul|date=26 November 2003|title=India and Pakistan Agree to Cease-Fire in Kashmir|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-nov-26-fg-ceasefire26-story.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427193640/http://articles.latimes.com/2003/nov/26/world/fg-ceasefire26|archive-date=27 April 2017}}</ref> but both sides maintain a heavy military presence in the area.

====Operation Rajiv====
{{Main|Operation Rajiv}}

During Operation Rajiv (June 1987) India captured Quaid Post from Pakistan in [[Siachen Glacier]].<ref name="a416">{{cite book | last=Lavoy | first=Peter R. | title=Asymmetric Warfare in South Asia: The Causes and Consequences of the Kargil Conflict | publisher=Cambridge University Press | date=2009-11-12 | isbn=978-0-521-76721-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-vifpWqV2WYC&pg=PA76&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false | access-date=2025-09-30 | page=}}</ref>

====Battle of Bahadur Post====
{{Main|Battle of Bahadur Post}}

===India-Pakistan conflict (2025)===
{{main|2025 India–Pakistan conflict}}
The '''2025''' '''India–Pakistan conflict''' was a brief armed conflict between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] that began on 7 May 2025, after India launched missile strikes on Pakistan, codenamed '''Operation Sindoor'''.{{efn|[[Sindoor]] is a reddish pigment used by Hindu women on their foreheads to indicate their married status.<ref>{{cite news |last=Narayanan |first=Vasudha |title=Tilaka and Other Forehead Marks |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-encyclopedia-of-hinduism/*-COM_9000000187 |work=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |date=29 May 2018 |archive-date=14 January 2022 |access-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114134147/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-encyclopedia-of-hinduism/*-COM_9000000187 |url-status=live }}</ref> This was allegedly due to Hindu men being selectively targeted in the earlier Pahalgam attack, leaving their wives widowed.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=Why PM Modi named India's military strikes in Pakistan, PoK as Operation Sindoor |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/operation-sindoor-pm-modi-name-india-military-strikes-pakistan-pok-13886203.html |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=PM Modi chose codename 'Operation Sindoor' for India's response to Pahalgam |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-chose-codename-operation-sindoor-for-indias-response-to-pahalgam-13886202.html |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]] |archive-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507050428/https://www.firstpost.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-chose-codename-operation-sindoor-for-indias-response-to-pahalgam-13886202.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}} India stated that the operation was a response to the [[2025 Pahalgam attack|Pahalgam attack]] on 22 April by militants in the Indian administered Kashmir killing 26 civilians, mostly tourists. The attack intensified [[2025 India–Pakistan standoff|tensions between India and Pakistan]] as India accused Pakistan of supporting [[Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism|cross-border terrorism]], which Pakistan denied.

According to India, the missile strikes of Operation Sindoor targeted the camps and infrastructure of militant groups [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] and [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]], and no Pakistani military facilities were targeted. According to Pakistan, the Indian strikes targeted civilian areas, including mosques, killing 31 Pakistani civilians. Following these strikes, border skirmishes and drone strikes occurred between the two countries. On 10 May, Pakistan launched an operation codenamed '''Operation Bunyan al-Marsus''',{{efn|The term ''Bunyan al-Marsus'' is an [[Arabic]] term meaning "Unbreakable Wall (concrete structure)". The operation's name is derived from a [[Ayat|verse]] in the [[Quran]] that states: "Surely Allah loves those who fight in His cause in ˹solid˺ ranks as if they were one concrete structure (''bunyan al-marsus'')." ({{qref|61|4|b=y}})}} targeting several Indian military bases.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan launches Operation Bunyan Marsoos: What we know so far |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/10/pakistan-launches-operation-bunyan-marsoos-what-we-know-so-far#:~:text=Pakistan's%20operation%20is%20titled%20Bunyan,were%20a%20solid%20cemented%20structure.%E2%80%9D |access-date=9 May 2025 |agency=[[Al Jazeera English]] |publisher=Abid Hussain}}</ref> In retaliation, India also continued Operation Sindoor, expanding its scope to target Pakistani military installations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Transcript of Special briefing by MOD on OPERATION SINDOOR (May 10, 2025) |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/39491/Transcript_of_Special_briefing_by_MOD_on_OPERATION_SINDOOR_May_10_2025 |website=mea.gov.in |access-date=10 May 2025}}</ref> This conflict marked the first drone battle between the two nuclear-armed nations.

After three days of the conflict, both India and Pakistan announced that a ceasefire was agreed, effective from 5:00 pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]/04:30 pm [[Pakistan Standard Time|PKT]] (11:30 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) on 10 May, 2025. The ceasefire led to the end of this brief conflict.

==Skirmishes, incidents and standoffs ==

Alongside full-scale wars and conflicts, several notable military skirmishes, border incidents, and standoffs have occurred between India and Pakistan, further straining bilateral relations and drawing international attention.

* [[Operation Desert Hawk|'''Operation Desert Hawk''']] : Operation Desert Hawk was the codename for the military operation launched by the Pakistan Army in this area. At the time, the Rann of Kutch was under Indian control as per the long-standing status quo, but its boundary remained one of the few unresolved territorial disputes stemming from the 1947 Partition of India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hiranandani |first=G. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFyMKROi46kC&dq=the+intrusion+in+kutch+-+operation+desert+hawk+-+april+1965&pg=PA21 |title=Transition to Triumph: History of the Indian Navy, 1965–1975 |date=2000 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-1-897829-72-1 |page=21 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Nation Books, Hiro">{{cite book |last1=Hiro |first1=Dilip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PpPCBAAAQBAJ&q=general++musa+khan&pg=PA183 |title=The Longest August: The Unflinching Rivalry Between India and Pakistan |date=24 February 2015 |publisher=Nation Books, Hiro |page=178 |isbn=978-1-56858-503-1 |language=en |access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref>

* '''[[Operation Brasstacks]]:''' The largest of its kind in South Asia, it was conducted by India between November 1986 and March 1987. Pakistani mobilisation in response raised tensions and fears that it could lead to another war between the two neighbours.<ref name="Lyon2008" />{{rp|129}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/06/world/on-india-s-border-a-huge-mock-war.html |title=On India's border, a huge mock war |author=Weisman, Steven R. |date=6 March 1987 |work=The New York Times |access-date=30 October 2011 |archive-date=30 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130024658/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/06/world/on-india-s-border-a-huge-mock-war.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

* '''[[1999 Pakistani Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown|1999 Pakistani Atlantic shootdown]]''' : In this incident, a [[Pakistan Navy]] [[Bréguet 1150 Atlantic]] maritime patrol aircraft operated by the [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm]] was shot down by the [[Indian Air Force]] on 10 August 1999 for allegedly violating Indian airspace. The incident occurred over the [[Rann of Kutch]], just a month after the [[Kargil War]], significantly heightening tensions between India and [[Pakistan]]. All 16 personnel on board were killed. While India maintained that the aircraft had intruded into its airspace on a reconnaissance mission, foreign diplomats noted that although the plane may have briefly crossed the border, it crashed within Pakistani territory. Several international observers viewed India's response as excessive.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/419325.stm Pakistani plane "may have crossed border"] . BBC. 13 August 1999. Retrieved 23 July 2007.</ref> Pakistan subsequently filed a case against India at the [[International Court of Justice]] (ICJ), seeking compensation for the incident. However, in a split decision, the ICJ ruled that it lacked jurisdiction over the matter and dismissed the case.<ref name="icjverdict">{{cite web| title=The Case concerning the Aerial Incident of 10th August, 1999 – Summaries of Judgments and Orders| url=http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?sum=585&code=pi&p1=3&p2=3&case=119&k=b5&p3=5| publisher=[[International Court of Justice]]| date=21 June 2000| access-date=18 December 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015055439/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?sum=585&code=pi&p1=3&p2=3&case=119&k=b5&p3=5| archive-date=15 October 2016| url-status=dead}}</ref>

* '''[[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff]]:''' The [[Terrorist attack on Indian Parliament (2001)|terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament]] on 13 December 2001, which India blamed on the Pakistan-based terrorist organisations, [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] and [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]], prompted the 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff and brought both sides close to war.<ref name="BBC 12 Jan 2002">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1756965.stm |title=Musharraf declares war on extremism |date=12 January 2002 |work=South Asia |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 October 2011 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225222204/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1756965.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

*'''[[2008 India–Pakistan standoff]]''': a stand-off between the two nations following the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] which was defused by diplomatic efforts. Following ten coordinated shooting and bombing attacks across [[Mumbai]], India's largest city, [[Aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks|tensions heightened]] between the two countries since India claimed interrogation results alleging<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/americas/accused-in-india-massacre-claims-ties-to-pakistani-secret-service/article1981052/ | work=[[The Globe and Mail]] | location=Toronto | first=Colin | last=Freeze | title=Accused in India massacre claims ties to Pakistani secret service – The Globe and Mail | date=11 April 2011 | access-date=1 September 2017 | archive-date=15 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915064608/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/americas/accused-in-india-massacre-claims-ties-to-pakistani-secret-service/article1981052/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Rana-Headley-implicate-Pak-ISI-in-Mumbai-attack-during-ISI-chiefs-visit-to-US/articleshow/7958954.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811144123/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-12/us/29409412_1_rana-and-headley-isi-tahawwur-hussain-rana | url-status=live | archive-date=11 August 2011 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Rana, Headley implicate Pak, ISI in Mumbai attack during ISI chief's visit to US | date=12 April 2011}}</ref> Pakistan's [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] supporting the attackers while Pakistan denied any official Pakistani involvement in the attacks.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/diplomat-denies-pakistan-role-in-mumbai-attacks-1521700.html | location=London | work=The Independent | date=31 January 2009 | title=Diplomat denies Pakistan role in Mumbai attacks | access-date=1 September 2017 | archive-date=19 July 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719121047/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/diplomat-denies-pakistan-role-in-mumbai-attacks-1521700.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2008/12/01/pakistan-denies-governmen_n_147395.html |title=Pakistan Denies Government Involvement in Mumbai Attacks |work=Huffington Post |date=1 December 2008 |access-date=16 December 2011 |first=Zarar |last=Khan |archive-date=18 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518011455/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/12/01/pakistan-denies-governmen_n_147395.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-jan-07-fg-pakistan-india7-story.html | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Laura | last=King | title=Pakistan denies official involvement in Mumbai attacks | date=7 January 2009 | access-date=11 December 2019 | archive-date=26 February 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226220509/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jan/07/world/fg-pakistan-india7 | url-status=live }}</ref> Pakistan placed its air force on alert and moved troops to the Indian border, voicing concerns about proactive movements of the [[Indian Army]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/south-asia/indian-jets-violating-pakistani-airspace-technical-incursion-says-zardari-fourth-lead_100130857.html |title=Indian jets violating Pakistani airspace 'technical incursion', says Zardari (Fourth Lead) – Thaindian News |publisher=Thaindian.com |date=14 December 2008 |access-date=16 December 2011 |archive-date=9 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709090222/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/south-asia/indian-jets-violating-pakistani-airspace-technical-incursion-says-zardari-fourth-lead_100130857.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the Indian government's possible plans to launch attacks on Pakistani soil.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pak-might-soon-move-troops-from-border-with-India/articleshow/4660681.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811054310/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-16/india/28165262_1_move-troops-taliban-stronghold-india-and-pakistan | url-status=live | archive-date=11 August 2011 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Pak might soon move troops from border with India | date=16 June 2009}}</ref> The tension defused in a short time and Pakistan moved its troops away from the border.

* '''[[2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish]]''' : This incident took place between 30 August and 1 September 2011 across the [[Line of Control]] in [[Kupwara district]]/[[Neelam Valley]], resulting in five Indian soldiers<ref name=IBNLive>{{cite news|title=In 2011 five security men were martyred, according to the Indian Sources.|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/pakistan-violates-ceasefire-again-fires-on-13-border-outposts/520773-56.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109044536/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/pakistan-violates-ceasefire-again-fires-on-13-border-outposts/520773-56.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-01-09|agency=IBN Live}}</ref> and three Pakistani soldiers being killed. Both countries gave different accounts of the incident, each accusing the other of initiating the hostilities.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-14746985|title=Kashmir border deaths spark India and Pakistan row|work=[[BBC]]|access-date=2 September 2011|date=1 September 2011|archive-date=5 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205044221/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-14746985|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="et">{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/243324/loc-three-pakistani-soldiers-die-in-attack-by-indian-forces/|title=LoC: Three Pakistani soldiers died in attack by Indian forces|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=1 September 2011|access-date=1 September 2011|archive-date=14 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111214180024/http://tribune.com.pk/story/243324/loc-three-pakistani-soldiers-die-in-attack-by-indian-forces/|url-status=live}}</ref>

* '''[[2013 India–Pakistan border incident]]''' in the Mendhar sector of Jammu and Kashmir, due to the beheading of an Indian soldier. A total of 22 soldiers (12 Indian and 10 Pakistani) died.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/Pak-troops-kill-two-jawans-behead-mutilate-one-of-them/articleshow/17945868.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119181106/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-09/india/36236820_1_indian-soldiers-pakistani-army-ceasefire-violation | url-status=live | archive-date=2013-01-19 | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | title=Pak troops kill two jawans, behead, mutilate one of them}}</ref>

*'''[[2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes|2014–2015 India–Pakistan border Incidents]]''': Started in Arnia sector of Jammu and Kashmir due to killing of 1 soldier of [[Border Security Force]] and injured 3 soldiers and 4 civilians by [[Pakistan Rangers]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2015/08/16/India-and-Pakistan-exchange-fire-along-border-in-Kashmir/2051439754341/|title=India and Pakistan exchange fire along border in Kashmir|publisher=UPI|access-date=10 June 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610192858/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2015/08/16/India-and-Pakistan-exchange-fire-along-border-in-Kashmir/2051439754341/|url-status=live}}</ref>

*'''[[2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes]]''': On 29 September 2016, border skirmishes between India and Pakistan began following reported "[[surgical strike]]s" by India against militant launch pads across the [[Line of Control]] in [[Pakistani-administered Kashmir]] "killing a large number of terrorists".<ref name="DGMO">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-surgical-strikes-across-loc-full-statement-by-dgmo-lt-gen-ranbir-singh/story-Q5yrp0gjvxKPGazDzAnVsM.html|title=India's surgical strikes across LoC: Full statement by DGMO Lt Gen Ranbir Singh|work=Hindustan Times|date=29 September 2016|access-date=2 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002024056/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-surgical-strikes-across-loc-full-statement-by-dgmo-lt-gen-ranbir-singh/story-Q5yrp0gjvxKPGazDzAnVsM.html|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> Pakistan rejected that a strike took place,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/30/asia/kashmir-tensions-pakistan-capture-indian-soldier/index.html|title=Pakistan captures Indian soldier in Kashmir|first=Juliet |last=Perry|work=cnn.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001075544/http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/30/asia/kashmir-tensions-pakistan-capture-indian-soldier/index.html|archive-date=1 October 2016}}</ref> stating that Indian troops had not crossed the Line of Control but had only skirmished with Pakistani troops at the border, resulting in the deaths of two Pakistani soldiers and the wounding of nine.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-india-kashmir-idUSKCN11Z0IJ|first1=Sanjeev|last1=Miglani|first2=Asad|last2=Hashim|title=India says hits Pakistan-based militants, escalating tensions|work=[[Reuters]]|date=29 September 2016|access-date=5 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005140149/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-india-kashmir-idUSKCN11Z0IJ|archive-date=5 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1286881|title=Army rubbishes Indian 'surgical strikes' claim as two Pakistani soldiers killed at LoC|work=Dawn|date=29 September 2016|access-date=30 September 2016|first=Syed Sammer|last=Abbas|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930032051/http://www.dawn.com/news/1286881|archive-date=30 September 2016}}</ref> Pakistan rejected India's reports of any other casualties.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/02/world/asia/kashmir-pakistan-india.html?_r=0|title=In Kashmir, Pakistan Questions India's 'Surgical Strikes' on Militants|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1 October 2016|access-date=1 October 2016|first=Salman|last=Masood|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005070714/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/02/world/asia/kashmir-pakistan-india.html?_r=0|archive-date=5 October 2016}}</ref> Pakistani sources reported that at least eight Indian soldiers were killed in the exchange, and one was captured.<ref name="Haider2">{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1286910/|title=Pakistan captures one Indian soldier, eight killed at LoC overnight|work=Dawn|first=Abrar|last=Haider|date=29 September 2016|access-date=29 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930032029/http://www.dawn.com/news/1286910|archive-date=30 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/153627-14-Indian-soldiers-killed-in-clashes-with-Pakistan-Army|title=Indian soldiers killed in clashes with Pakistan Army|work=The News|date=29 September 2016|access-date=30 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930033205/https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/153627-14-Indian-soldiers-killed-in-clashes-with-Pakistan-Army|archive-date=30 September 2016}}</ref> India confirmed that one of its soldiers was in Pakistani custody, but denied that it was linked to the incident or that any of its soldiers had been killed.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/army-denies-pak-media-claims-says-soldier-inadvertently-crossed-loc-1468244|title=Indian Army Says Soldier in Pak Custody Was Not Captured During Surgical Strikes|date=30 September 2016|work=NDTV.com|access-date=30 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930035414/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/army-denies-pak-media-claims-says-soldier-inadvertently-crossed-loc-1468244|archive-date=30 September 2016}}</ref> The Indian operation was said to be in retaliation for a [[militant]] [[2016 Uri attack|attack on the Indian army]] at [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]] on 18 September in the Indian-administered state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] that left 19 soldiers dead.<ref name="evacuates">{{cite news |title=India evacuates 10,000 from border with Pakistan amid reprisal fears after Kashmir 'strikes'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/30/india-evacuates-10000-from-border-with-pakistan-amid-reprisal-fe/|website=Daily Telegraph|access-date=30 September 2016|date=30 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001065030/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/30/india-evacuates-10000-from-border-with-pakistan-amid-reprisal-fe/|archive-date=1 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1191648/called-surgical-strike-indian-farce-throws-challenges/|title=So-called surgical strike: Indian farce throws up a few challenges|work=Express Tribune|date=1 October 2016|access-date=2 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002135351/http://tribune.com.pk/story/1191648/called-surgical-strike-indian-farce-throws-challenges/|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> In the succeeding days and months, India and Pakistan continued to exchange fire along the border in Kashmir, resulting in dozens of military and civilian casualties on both sides.

*'''[[2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes]]''': On 14 February 2019, [[2019 Pulwama attack|a suicide attack]] on a convoy of India's [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] resulted in the death of at least 40 troops. Responsibility for the attack was claimed by the Pakistan-based [[Jaish-e-Mohammad]] (JeM).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/37-crpf-jawans-martyred-in-ied-blast-in-jks-pulwama/articleshow/67992189.cms|title=Pulwama terror attack today: 40 CRPF jawans martyred in IED blast in Jammu and Kashmir's Pulwama | India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=16 February 2019|access-date=10 June 2020|archive-date=15 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215181837/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/37-crpf-jawans-martyred-in-ied-blast-in-jks-pulwama/articleshow/67992189.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Twelve days later on 26 February 2019, Indian jets crossed the international border to conduct [[2019 Balakot airstrike|air strikes]] on an alleged JeM camp in the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-struck-biggest-training-camp-of-jaish-in-balakot-large-number-of-terrorists-eliminated-governm-1999390|title=India Hits Main Jaish Camp in Balakot, "Non-Military" Strike: Government|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=26 February 2019|archive-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227053325/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-struck-biggest-training-camp-of-jaish-in-balakot-large-number-of-terrorists-eliminated-governm-1999390|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan army confirms Indian jets dropped 'four bombs' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistan-army-confirms-indian-jets-dropped-four-bombs/articleshow/68171844.cms |work=The Times of India |agency=Press Trust of India |access-date=28 February 2019 |archive-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226221047/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistan-army-confirms-indian-jets-dropped-four-bombs/articleshow/68171844.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> India claimed that a very large number of militants belonging to [[Jaish-e-Mohammed|JeM]] were killed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/31091/Statement_by_Foreign_Secretary_on_26_February_2019_on_the_Strike_on_JeM_training_camp_at_Balakot|title=Statement by Foreign Secretary on 26 February 2019 on the Strike on JeM training camp at Balakot|website=mea.gov.in|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227221920/https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl%2F31091%2FStatement_by_Foreign_Secretary_on_26_February_2019_on_the_AirStrike_on_JeM_training_camp_at_Balakot|url-status=live}}</ref> Pakistan rejected to have suffered any losses.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-47370608|title=Viewpoint: India strikes in Pakistan a major escalation|date=2019-02-26|access-date=2019-02-26|language=en-GB|archive-date=13 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513150005/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-47370608|url-status=live}}</ref> According to sources and satellite imagery analysis, the Indian Air Force appears to caused minimal damage to the buildings concerned,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/israel-india-pakistan-conflict-balakot-arms-trade-jaish-e-mohammed-a8800076.html | title=Israel is playing a big role in India's escalating conflict with Pakistan | date=28 February 2019 | first=Robert | last=Fisk | newspaper=The Independent | access-date=12 October 2019 | archive-date=1 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001162948/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/israel-india-pakistan-conflict-balakot-arms-trade-jaish-e-mohammed-a8800076.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/02/opinion/sunday/kashmir-india-pakistan.html|title=Opinion | The Young Suicide Bomber Who Brought India and Pakistan to the Brink of War|first=Basharat|last=Peer|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2 March 2019|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-date=3 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203194325/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/02/opinion/sunday/kashmir-india-pakistan.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/25/world/asia/india-pakistan-kashmir-jets.html|title=Indian Jets Strike in Pakistan in Revenge for Kashmir Attack|first1=Maria|last1=Abi-Habib|first2=Austin|last2=Ramzy|newspaper=The New York Times|date=25 February 2019|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227012148/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/25/world/asia/india-pakistan-kashmir-jets.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/02/world/asia/kashmir-shelling-india-pakistan.html|title=Deadly Shelling Erupts in Kashmir Between India and Pakistan After Pilot Is Freed|first1=Jeffrey|last1=Gettleman|first2=Hari|last2=Kumar|first3=Sameer|last3=Yasir|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2 March 2019|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302195309/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/02/world/asia/kashmir-shelling-india-pakistan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> however, Pakistan had to close the site for one and a half month or 43 days before opened to media.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/a-month-after-indian-air-strike-pakistan-takes-journalists-to-balakot-site/articleshow/68636173.cms|title=A month after Indian air strike, Pakistan takes journalists to Balakot site|first=Shaurya Karanbir|last=Gurung|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=29 March 2019|access-date=20 July 2021|archive-date=4 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604173650/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/a-month-after-indian-air-strike-pakistan-takes-journalists-to-balakot-site/articleshow/68636173.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1475189|title=Foreign journalists given access to madressah near site of Balakot strike|date=10 April 2019|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |access-date=20 July 2021|archive-date=25 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725154550/https://www.dawn.com/news/1475189|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/pakistan-takes-media-to-balakot-air-strike-site-curtails-interactions-2096733.html|title=43 Days After Balakot Air Strike by IAF, Pakistan Takes Media Team And Diplomats to 'Site'|date=10 April 2019|website=News18|access-date=20 July 2021|archive-date=4 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604222045/https://www.news18.com/news/world/pakistan-takes-media-to-balakot-air-strike-site-curtails-interactions-2096733.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The incidents escalated the tension between India and Pakistan. The following day, Indian and Pakistani air forces got locked on in an aerial engagement. Pakistan claimed to have shot down two Indian aircraft and capturing one pilot [[Abhinandan Varthaman]]. Pakistan military officials claimed that the wreckage of one Indian Air Force jet was shot down in Pakistan-administered Kashmir while the other one fell in Indian-administered Kashmir rumored to be a [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI]]. Meanwhile, the Indian government claimed to have only lost one [[MiG-21]] while downing a Pakistani [[F-16]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1466347|title=2 Indian aircraft violating Pakistani airspace shot down; pilot captured|date=27 February 2019|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |access-date=21 March 2019|archive-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227094831/https://www.dawn.com/news/1466347|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47397418|title=Fighter pilot 'opened fire' before capture|first=M. Ilyas|last=Khan|work=BBC News|date=1 March 2019|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301013431/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47397418|url-status=live}}</ref> The IAF also displayed remnants of an [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]] missile that they claimed could only be fired by F-16s. The missiles were said to have fired against and jammed by Su-30 by IAF,<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan Downs Two Indian Jets, Pilot Arrested, Army Says|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-27/pakistani-jets-violate-indian-air-space-in-kashmir-pti-reports|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2019-02-27|author=Iain Marlow and Kamran Haider|date=27 February 2019|archive-date=4 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404195818/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-27/pakistani-jets-violate-indian-air-space-in-kashmir-pti-reports|url-status=live}}</ref> however, Pakistan rejected the claim of their F-16 being shot down. It initially released three or later on displayed all four air to air missiles of MiG-21 Bison with all missile seeker heads recovered intact from the wreckage however with mid-body of one of [[R-73 (missile)|R-73]] destroyed and claimed that non-of missiles were ever fired.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1474086|title=ISPR releases 'proof' further contradicting Indian claim of shooting down F-16|date=5 April 2019|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |access-date=4 October 2019|archive-date=13 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913062443/https://www.dawn.com/news/1474086|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the threats of a full-scale war,<ref>{{Cite news|title = India, Pakistan came close to firing missiles at each other on February 27|url = https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-pakistan-came-close-to-firing-missiles-at-each-other-on-february-27/story-rVsBjZ5qmxXMprktzDNqcM.html|date = 23 March 2019|access-date = 9 October 2019|newspaper = [[Hindustan Times]]}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Abhinandan was released within two days. The Pentagon correspondent of [[Foreign Policy]] magazine, in a report claimed that Pakistan invited the United States to physically count its F-16s after the incident. Two senior U.S. defense officials told [[Foreign Policy]] that U.S. personnel recently counted Pakistan's F-16s and found none missing.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/04/04/did-india-shoot-down-a-pakistani-jet-u-s-count-says-no/|title=Did India Shoot Down a Pakistani Jet? U.S. Count Says No.|first=Lara|last=Seligman|date=4 April 2019 |magazine=Foreign Policy |access-date=4 October 2019|archive-date=23 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123193754/https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/04/04/did-india-shoot-down-a-pakistani-jet-u-s-count-says-no/|url-status=live}}</ref> A Pentagon spokesman said they were not aware of any count being conducted,<ref>{{Cite news|title = 'Not aware': Pentagon on Pak F-16 count after Feb aerial dogfight with IAF|url = https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/not-aware-pentagon-on-pak-f-16-count-after-feb-aerial-dogfight-with-iaf/story-Rw4gSknuuSBnMc2EyYe62H.html|date = 6 April 2019|access-date = 9 October 2019|newspaper = [[Hindustan Times]]}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> but the Pentagon did not put out any official statement on the matter. However, there have been no leaks countering the Foreign Policy report.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Analysis {{!}} Did India shoot down a Pakistani F-16 in February? This just became a big deal.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/|last1=Lalwani|first1=Sameer|last2=Tallo|first2=Emily|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=2020-05-14|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130122209/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/17/did-india-shoot-down-pakistani-f-back-february-this-just-became-big-deal/|url-status=live}}</ref> India released the electronic footage of aerial engagement to re-assert its claims.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Pakistan radio transmissions showed F-16 didn't return to its base: IAF|url = https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/pakistan-radio-transmissions-showed-f-16-didnt-return-to-its-base-iaf/articleshow/68748026.cms|date = 6 April 2019|access-date = 9 October 2019|newspaper = [[The Economic Times]]|archive-date = 24 April 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190424064657/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/pakistan-radio-transmissions-showed-f-16-didnt-return-to-its-base-iaf/articleshow/68748026.cms|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Indian Radar Data That Supposedly Proves They Downed An F-16 Is Far From "Irrefutable"|url = https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/27331/indian-radar-data-that-supposedly-proves-they-downed-an-f-16-is-far-from-irrefutable|date = 8 April 2019|access-date = 9 October 2019|newspaper = The Drive|archive-date = 17 April 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190417203233/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/27331/indian-radar-data-that-supposedly-proves-they-downed-an-f-16-is-far-from-irrefutable|url-status = live}}</ref> Pakistani officials rejected radar images released by India.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1946256/1-repetitions-dont-turn-lies-truth-dg-ispr-iaf-presser?amp=1|title=Repetitions don't turn lies into truth: DG ISPR on IAF presser|date=8 April 2019|work=Express Tribune|access-date=30 January 2021|archive-date=8 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208215649/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1946256/1-repetitions-dont-turn-lies-truth-dg-ispr-iaf-presser?amp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Stand off followed with intermittent firings across the LoC. Months later on 8 October, India on its Air Force Day, flew the same [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Su-30MKI]] "Avenger 1" aircraft in a [[flypast]] that Pakistan had claimed it had shot down during the air battle on 27 February.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Achom|first=Debanish|date=2019-10-09|title=On Air Force Day, IAF Disproves Pak Claim Of Shooting Down Sukhoi Fighter|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/on-air-force-day-iaf-flies-sukhoi-30mki-fighter-jet-that-pakistan-claims-it-shot-down-2113472?amp=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329035058/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/on-air-force-day-iaf-flies-sukhoi-30mki-fighter-jet-that-pakistan-claims-it-shot-down-2113472?amp=1|archive-date=2021-03-29|access-date=2021-03-29|website=NDTV}}</ref>

*'''[[2020–2021 India–Pakistan border skirmishes|2020–2021 India–Pakistan border Incidents]]''': The standoff intensified when a major exchange of gunfire and [[Artillery|shelling]] erupted between [[Indian Army|Indian]] and [[Pakistan Army|Pakistani troops]] in November 2020 along the Line of Control which left at least 22 dead, including 11 civilians.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/13/pakistan-summons-top-indian-diplomat-over-kashmir-violence|title=India, Pakistan report deadly violence along Kashmir border|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]]|date=13 November 2020|access-date=13 November 2020|archive-date=24 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124001850/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/13/pakistan-summons-top-indian-diplomat-over-kashmir-violence|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Pakistan's foreign ministry]] said India had violated the ceasefire at least 2,729 times in 2020 which killed 21 Pakistani civilians and seriously injured 206 others.<ref name="aljazeera">{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/13/pakistan-summons-top-indian-diplomat-over-kashmir-violence|title=India, Pakistan report deadly violence along Kashmir border|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=13 November 2020|access-date=11 March 2022|archive-date=24 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124001850/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/13/pakistan-summons-top-indian-diplomat-over-kashmir-violence|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2021, India and Pakistan released a joint statement, stating that after discussions over established hotlines, the two sides agreed to "strict observance" of all peace and ceasefire agreements with effect from midnight of 25 February 2021. Both sides agreed existing forms of hotline contact and border flag meetings would be utilized to resolve any future misunderstanding.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-pakistan/india-pakistan-militaries-agree-to-stop-cross-border-firing-in-rare-joint-statement-idUSKBN2AP0PG | title=India, Pakistan militaries agree to stop cross-border firing in rare joint statement | newspaper=Reuters | date=25 February 2021 | access-date=11 March 2022 | archive-date=11 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311202746/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-pakistan/india-pakistan-militaries-agree-to-stop-cross-border-firing-in-rare-joint-statement-idUSKBN2AP0PG | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":joint">{{Cite web|title=Joint Statement|url=http://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1700682|access-date=2021-02-25|website=pib.gov.in|archive-date=10 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410163604/https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1700682|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Inter Services Public Relations Pakistan|url=https://ispr.gov.pk/press-release-detail.php?id=6068|access-date=2021-02-25|website=ispr.gov.pk|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520073558/https://ispr.gov.pk/press-release-detail.php?id=6068|url-status=live}}</ref>

*'''[[2025 India–Pakistan crisis]]''': The crisis began on 23 April 2025, as an Islamic terrorist attack took place in the [[Baisaran Valley]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. In the attack 25 Hindu tourists, one Christian tourist and one local Muslim were killed along with over 20 others injured. [[The Resistance Front]] (TRF), a splinter group linked to [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]—a Pakistan-based organization designated as a [[List of designated terrorist groups|terrorist group]] by the [[United Nations|UN]]—initially claimed responsibility for the attack.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LASHKAR-E-TAYYIBA {{!}} Security Council |url=https://main.un.org/securitycouncil/en/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list/summaries/entity/lashkar-e-tayyiba |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=main.un.org}}</ref> In response, India accused Pakistan of backing cross-border terrorism. India then expelled Pakistani diplomats and called back its diplomats, suspended visas, closed borders, and suspended the [[Indus Waters Treaty]]. Pakistan denied the allegations and responded with trade restrictions, closure of airspace and border crossings, and suspension of the [[Simla Agreement]]. India's [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS) also strongly urged Indian citizens to avoid traveling to Pakistan, and called on those currently in the country to return at the earliest opportunity.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=IANS |date=2025-04-24 |title=India suspends visa services to Pakistani nationals with immediate effect |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/india-suspends-visa-services-to-pakistani-nationals-with-immediate-effect |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Masood |first=Salman |date=2025-04-24 |title=Crisis Deepens for India and Pakistan Over Kashmir Attack |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/24/world/asia/pakistan-india-kashmir-attack.html |access-date=2025-04-30 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025 |title=What is The Resistance Front, the militant group linked to Pahalgam attack? |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/kashmir-resistance-group-that-claimed-attack-tourists-indian-kashmir-2025-04-23/}}</ref>

==Proxy wars==

*'''[[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]] (1989–present):''' An insurgency in Kashmir has been a cause for heightened tensions. India has also [[Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism|accused]] Pakistan-backed militant groups of executing [[List of terrorist incidents in India|several terrorist attacks across India]].
*'''[[Insurgency in Balochistan]] (1948–present):''' An insurgency in Balochistan province of Pakistan has also caused tensions recently. Pakistan has accused India of causing the insurgency with the help of ousted Baloch leaders, militant groups and terrorist organizations like the [[Balochistan Liberation Army]]. According to Pakistani officials these militants are trained in neighboring Afghanistan. In 2016, Pakistan alleged that an Indian spy [[Kulbhushan Jadhav]] was arrested by Pakistani forces during a counter-intelligence operation in Balochistan.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/286526/indias-renewed-strategy-of-destabilising-balochistan/|title=India's renewed strategy of destabilising Balochistan|date=2018-08-20|website=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-31|archive-date=1 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201065253/https://dailytimes.com.pk/286526/indias-renewed-strategy-of-destabilising-balochistan/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/341558-indian-campaigning-on-balochistan-continues|title=Indian campaigning on Balochistan continues|website=thenews.com.pk|language=en|access-date=2019-01-31|archive-date=1 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013437/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/341558-indian-campaigning-on-balochistan-continues|url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''[[Afghan conflict]] (1978–present):''' India and Pakistan had long been supporting opposing sides during the wars of Afghanistan,<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/taliban-takeover-threatens-to-raise-india-pakistan-tensions-11630502420|title = Taliban Takeover Threatens to Raise India-Pakistan Tensions|newspaper = Wall Street Journal|date = September 2021|last1 = Roy|first1 = Rajesh|access-date = 14 December 2021|archive-date = 14 December 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211214210212/https://www.wsj.com/articles/taliban-takeover-threatens-to-raise-india-pakistan-tensions-11630502420|url-status = live}}</ref> including during the [[Soviet–Afghan War]] and the civil wars from 1989 to 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://jia.sipa.columbia.edu/india-pakistan-rivalry-afghanistan|title = India-Pakistan Rivalry in Afghanistan| work=JIA SIPA |date = 25 March 2010|access-date = 14 December 2021|archive-date = 14 December 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211214180048/https://jia.sipa.columbia.edu/india-pakistan-rivalry-afghanistan|url-status = live}}</ref> In 2006, Pakistan has been accused by India for its involvement in terrorism in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/18/world/asia/18cnd-afghan.html|title=Coalition Vows to Regain Afghan Town Seized by Taliban|date=18 July 2006|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=14 December 2021|archive-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220085755/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/18/world/asia/18cnd-afghan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, Pakistan accused India of trying to derail peace negotiations to end the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-pakistan-tug-of-warjeopardizesafghan-peace-process/a-53482558 |title=India-Pakistan tug-of-war jeopardizes Afghan peace process | Asia | An in-depth look at news from across the continent |publisher=Deutsche Welle |date=2020-05-18 |accessdate=2022-02-17 |archive-date=18 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218142331/https://www.dw.com/en/india-pakistan-tug-of-warjeopardizesafghan-peace-process/a-53482558 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*'''[[Insurgency in Northeast India]]''': Pakistan provided some support to insurgents via erstwhile East Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lintner |first=Bertil |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=p--5BwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA2 |title=Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier |date=2015-04-01 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-21332-4 |language=en}}</ref>

==Risk of nuclear conflict==
The [[nuclear conflict]] between both countries is of passive strategic nature with [[nuclear doctrine of Pakistan]] stating a [[Pre-emptive nuclear strike|first strike]] policy, although the strike would only be initiated if and only if, the Pakistan Armed Forces are unable to halt an invasion (as for example in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971 war]]) or a nuclear strike is launched against Pakistan,{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} whereas India has a declared [[India and weapons of mass destruction#India's no-first-use policy|policy]] of [[No first use#India|no first use]]. According to a peer-reviewed study published in the journal ''[[Nature Food]]'' in August 2022, a nuclear war between India and Pakistan could kill more than 2 billion indirectly by [[starvation]] during a [[nuclear winter]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Global food insecurity and famine from reduced crop, marine fishery and livestock production due to climate disruption from nuclear war soot injection |journal=[[Nature Food]] |date=15 August 2022 |doi=10.1038/s43016-022-00573-0 |last1=Xia |first1=Lili |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |last3=Scherrer |first3=Kim |last4=Harrison |first4=Cheryl S. |last5=Bodirsky |first5=Benjamin Leon |last6=Weindl |first6=Isabelle |last7=Jägermeyr |first7=Jonas |last8=Bardeen |first8=Charles G. |last9=Toon |first9=Owen B. |last10=Heneghan |first10=Ryan |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=586–596 |pmid=37118594 |s2cid=251601831 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022NatFd...3..586X |hdl=11250/3039288 |hdl-access=free | issn = 2662-1355}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=India-Pakistan nuclear war could kill 2 billion people: Study |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-pakistan-nuclear-war-could-kill-2-billion-people-study-507435 |work=[[WION]] |date=16 August 2022 |access-date=17 November 2022 |archive-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117122640/https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-pakistan-nuclear-war-could-kill-2-billion-people-study-507435 |url-status=live }}</ref>

* '''[[Pokhran-I]] ([[Smiling Buddha]]):''' On 18 May 1974 India detonated an 8-[[kiloton]] nuclear device at [[Pokhran#Pokhran Test Range|Pokhran Test Range]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=India's Nuclear Weapons Program - Smiling Buddha: 1974 |url=http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaSmiling.html |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=nuclearweaponarchive.org}}</ref> becoming the first nation to become nuclear capable outside the five permanent members of [[United Nations Security Council]] as well as dragging Pakistan along with it into a [[Nuclear arms race#India and Pakistan|nuclear arms race]]. Pakistani prime minister [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] had promised in 1965 that "if India builds the bomb, we will eat grass or leaves, even go hungry, but we will get one of our own", and India's Pokhran-I test spurred the Pakistani nuclear weapons program to greater efforts.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/pakistan-nuclear/ |title = Fact Sheet -- Nov 5, 2019: Pakistan Nuclear Overview |publisher = Nuclear Threat Initiative |date = 5 November 2019 |website = The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) |access-date = 23 August 2022 |archive-date = 7 September 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220907014550/https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/pakistan-nuclear/ |url-status = live }}</ref> The [[Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission]] (PAEC) Chairman [[Munir Ahmed Khan]] said that the test would force Pakistan to test its own nuclear bomb.<ref>{{cite web |last=Khan |first=Munir Ahmad |author-link=Munir Ahmad Khan |date=18 May 1974 |title=India's nuclear explosion: Challenge and Response |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3096318 |access-date=2022-04-22 |journal= |publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency and Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission|jstor=3096318 }}</ref>
* '''[[Kirana-I]]:''' In the 1980s a series of 24 different [[Nuclear cold test|cold tests]] were conducted by PAEC, led by chairman Munir Ahmad Khan under extreme secrecy.<ref name="pakistanpaedia.com">{{cite web | title =Koh Kambaran (Ras Koh Hills) | publisher =Pakistan Paedia | url =http://www.pakistanpaedia.com/landmarks/RasKoh/Youm-e-Takbeer.htm | access-date =14 November 2011 | archive-date =30 November 2011 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20111130132001/http://www.pakistanpaedia.com/landmarks/RasKoh/Youm-e-Takbeer.htm | url-status =live }}</ref> The tunnels at [[Kirana Hills]], Sargodha, are reported to have been bored after the Chagai nuclear test sites, it is widely believed that the tunnels were constructed sometime between 1979 and 1983. As in Chagai, the tunnels at Kirana Hills had been bored and then sealed and this task was also undertaken by PAEC's DTD.<ref name="pakistanpaedia.com" /> Later due to excessive US intelligence and satellite focus on the Kirana Hills site, it was abandoned and nuclear weapons testing was shifted to the [[Kala Chitta Range]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Program - Development |url=https://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Pakistan/PakDevelop.html |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=nuclearweaponarchive.org}}</ref>
* '''[[Pokhran-II]] ([[Operation Shakti]]):''' On 11 May 1998 India detonated another five nuclear devices at [[Pokhran#Pokhran Test Range|Pokhran Test Range]]. With jubilation and large scale approval from the Indian society came International sanctions as a reaction to this test, the most vehement reaction of all coming from Pakistan. Great ire was raised in Pakistan, which issued a stern statement claiming that India was instigating a nuclear arms race in the region. Pakistan vowed to match India's nuclear capability with statements like: "We are in a headlong arms race on the subcontinent".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/may/16bomb12.htm |title=Rediff on the NeT: It was 'Operation Shakti' on Budh Purnima |work=Rediff.com |date=16 May 1998 |access-date=16 December 2011 |archive-date=2 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502202846/http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/may/16bomb12.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Pervez Hoodbhoy |date=16 February 2011 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/606669/herald-exclusive-pakistans-nuclear-bayonet |title=Herald exclusive: Pakistan's nuclear bayonet | Pakistan |newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |access-date=16 December 2011 |archive-date=18 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218212415/http://www.dawn.com/2011/02/16/herald-exclusive-pakistans-nuclear-bayonet.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''[[Chagai-I]]: ([[Youm-e-Takbir]])''' Within half a month of [[Pokhran-II]], on 28 May 1998 Pakistan detonated five nuclear devices to reciprocate India in the [[Nuclear arms race#India and Pakistan|nuclear arms race]]. The Pakistani public, like the Indian, reacted with a celebration and a heightened sense of [[Pakistani nationalism|nationalism]] for responding to India in kind and becoming the only Muslim nuclear power. The day was later given the title [[Youm-e-Takbir]] to further proclaim such.<ref>{{Cite web |title=28 May 1998 - Pakistan nuclear tests: CTBTO Preparatory Commission |url=https://www.ctbto.org/specials/testing-times/28-may-1998-pakistan-nuclear-tests |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=ctbto.org |archive-date=7 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707184554/http://ctbto.org/specials/testing-times/28-may-1998-pakistan-nuclear-tests/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nuclearweaponarchive1998">{{cite web|url=http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Pakistan/PakTests.html |title=Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Program – 1998: The Year of Testing |access-date=16 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baloch |first=Shah Meer |title=The Fallout From Pakistan's Nuclear Tests |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/the-fallout-from-pakistans-nuclear-tests/ |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US |archive-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320215820/https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/the-fallout-from-pakistans-nuclear-tests/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-05-30 |title=Yaum-e-Takbeer celebrated across country |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=14989 |access-date=2022-04-22 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530033107/http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=14989 |archive-date=30 May 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''[[Chagai-II]]:''' Two days later, on 30 May 1998, Pakistan detonated a sixth nuclear device completing its own series of underground tests with this being the last the two nations have carried out to date.<ref name="nuclearweaponarchive1998" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan Nuclear Weapons |url=https://nuke.fas.org/guide/pakistan/nuke/ |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=nuke.fas.org |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406160358/https://nuke.fas.org/guide/pakistan/nuke/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Annual celebrations==

The nations of South Asia observe national and armed forces-specific days which originate from conflicts between India and Pakistan as follows:
* 28 May [[Chagai-I|(since 1998)]] as '''[[Youm-e-Takbir]]''' ('''The day of Greatness''') in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dunyanews.tv/index.php?key=Q2F0SUQ9MiNOaWQ9MjcwNTk= |title=Dunya News: Pakistan:-13th Youm-e-Takbeer to be observed today |publisher=Dunyanews.tv |date=28 May 2011 |access-date=16 December 2011 |archive-date=12 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112121450/http://dunyanews.tv/index.php?key=Q2F0SUQ9MiNOaWQ9MjcwNTk= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/28-May-2009/youmetakbeer-today |title=Youm-e-Takbeer today | Pakistan | News | Newspaper | Daily | English | Online |publisher=Nation.com.pk |date=28 May 2009 |access-date=16 December 2011 |archive-date=28 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528204757/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/politics/28-May-2009/YoumeTakbeer-today |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 26 July [[Kargil war|(since 1999)]] as '''[[Kargil Vijay Diwas]]''' ('''Kargil Victory Day''') in India.
* 6 September [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|(since 1965)]] as '''[[Defence Day]]''' ('''Youm-e-Difa''') in Pakistan.<ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RPttAAAAMAAJ |title=Battle for Pakistan: the air war of 1965 – John Fricker – Google Boeken |date=1 January 1979 |access-date=16 December 2011|isbn=978-0-7110-0929-5|last1=Fricker |first1=John |publisher=I. Allan }}</ref>
* 7 September [[Indo-Pakistani Air War of 1965|(since 1965)]] as '''[[Air Force Day (Pakistan)|Air Force Day]]''' ('''Youm-e-Fizaya''') in Pakistan.<ref name="google1" />
* 8 September [[Operation Dwarka|(since 1965)]] as '''[[Victory Day#September 8 in Pakistan|Victory Day]]/[[Navy Day#Pakistan|Navy Day]]''' ('''Youm-e-Bahr'ya''') in Pakistan.
* 4 December [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|(since 1971)]] as '''[[Navy Day#India|Navy Day]]''' in India.
* 16 December [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|(since 1971)]] as '''[[Vijay Diwas (India)|Vijay Diwas]]''' ('''Victory Day''') in India.
* 16 December [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|(since 1971)]] as '''[[Bijoy Dibosh]]''' ('''Victory Day''') in Bangladesh.

==Involvement of other nations==
{{flag|Soviet Union}}:
*The USSR remained neutral during the 1965 war<ref>Asymmetric Conflicts By T. V. Paul Cambridge University Press 1994 {{ISBN|0-521-46621-0}}, pp119</ref> and played a pivotal role in negotiating the [[Tashkent Declaration|peace agreement between India and Pakistan]].<ref>See: [[Tashkent Agreement]]</ref>
*The Soviet Union provided diplomatic and military assistance to India during the 1971 war. In response to the US and UK's deployment of the aircraft carriers {{USS|Enterprise|CVN-65|6}} and {{HMS|Eagle|R05|6}}, Moscow sent nuclear submarines and warships with anti-ship missiles in the [[Arabian Sea]] and [[Indian Ocean]], respectively.<ref name="theworldreporter.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theworldreporter.com/2011/10/1971-india-pakistan-war-role-of-russia.html|title=1971 India Pakistan War: Role of Russia, China, America and Britain|work=The World Reporter|date=30 October 2011|access-date=30 October 2011|archive-date=1 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101184319/http://www.theworldreporter.com/2011/10/1971-india-pakistan-war-role-of-russia.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/History/1971War/Games.html |title=Cold war games |work=Bharat Rakshak |access-date=20 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180906/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/History/1971War/Games.html |archive-date=9 June 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/birth-of-a-nation/552795/3 Birth of a nation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605140439/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/birth-of-a-nation/552795/3 |date=5 June 2020 }}. Indianexpress.com (11 December 2009). Retrieved on 2011-04-14.</ref>
{{flag|United States}}:
*The US had not given any military aid to Pakistan in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-9896.html|title=United States – Pakistan Alliance|work=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]], United States of America|date=April 1994|access-date=29 October 2010|archive-date=28 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628051409/http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-9896.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The United States provided diplomatic and military support to Pakistan during the 1971 war by sending {{USS|Enterprise|CVN-65|6}} into the Indian Ocean.<ref>{{cite news
| quote = The Nixon Administration's South Asia policy... is beyond redemption
| url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30915FB3D5A137A93CBA91789D95F458785F9
| author = John P. Lewis
| newspaper = The New York Times
| date = 9 December 1971
| page = 47
| title = Mr. Nixon and South Asia
| access-date = 8 September 2012
| archive-date = 28 September 2013
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130928162950/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30915FB3D5A137A93CBA91789D95F458785F9
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/dec/26claude.htm 1971 War: How the US tried to corner India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828172624/http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/dec/26claude.htm |date=28 August 2013 }}. Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-14.</ref><ref name=Santosh>{{cite book
|last = Burne
|first = Lester H.
|title = Chronological History of U.S. Foreign Relations: 1932–1988
|publisher = Routledge
|year= 2003
|isbn = 0-415-93916-X }}</ref>
*The United States did not support Pakistan during the Kargil War, and successfully pressured the Pakistani administration to end hostilities.<ref name=Stanley/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/399897.stm|title=BBC News - South Asia - Kashmir: Dialogue call amid fresh fighting|website=news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=8 September 2012|archive-date=13 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213043125/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/399897.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Bill Clinton | title=[[My Life (Bill Clinton autobiography)|My Life]] | publisher=[[Random House]] | year=2004|isbn=0-375-41457-6}}, Pg 865</ref>
{{flag|China}}:
*China had helped Pakistan in various wars with diplomatic support.<ref name="USLib"/><ref name="transnational.org">[http://www.transnational.org/SAJT/forum/power/1998/pow12-08.html Pakistan and India Play With Nuclear Fire By Jonathan Power] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313011224/http://www.transnational.org/SAJT/forum/power/1998/pow12-08.html |date=13 March 2012 }} The Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research</ref><ref name=time-edge>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910155-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307230515/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910155-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 March 2008|title=India and Pakistan: Over the Edge|work=Time Magazine|date=13 December 1971|access-date=17 August 2011}}</ref>
{{flag|Russia}}:
*Russia maintained a non-belligerent policy for both sides while selling arms and other weapon systems to India. Russia helped negotiate peace in 2001–02 and helped divert the 2008 crisis.<ref name="Dawn archives">{{cite news|last=Naqvi|first=Javed|title=Pressure mounts to stall war rhetoric|url=http://www.lib.virginia.edu/area-studies/SouthAsia/SAserials/Dawn/2001/dec2901.html|access-date=24 December 2012|newspaper=Dawn archives|date=29 December 2001|archive-date=13 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613203037/http://www.lib.virginia.edu/area-studies/SouthAsia/SAserials/Dawn/2001/dec2901.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Dawn Newspapers">{{cite news|last=Agencies|title=Pakistan, Russia renewing ties|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/754142/pakistan-russia-renewing-ties-fm-khar|access-date=24 December 2012|newspaper=Dawn Newspapers|date=4 October 2012|archive-date=13 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213043059/https://www.dawn.com/news/754142/pakistan-russia-renewing-ties-fm-khar|url-status=live}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
These wars have provided source material for both Indian and Pakistani film and television dramatists, who have adapted events of the war for the purposes of drama and to please target audiences in their nations.

===Indian films===
* ''[[Hindustan Ki Kasam (1973 film)|Hindustan Ki Kasam]]'', a 1973 [[Bollywood|Hindi]] [[war film]] based on [[Operation Cactus Lilly]] of the [[1971 Indo-Pakistani War]], directed by [[Chetan Anand (producer and director)|Chetan Anand]].
* ''[[Aakraman]]'', a 1975 Hindi war film based on the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war, directed by [[J. Om Prakash]].
* ''[[Vijeta (1982 film)|Vijeta]]'', a 1982 Hindi film based on the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war, produced by [[Shashi Kapoor]] and directed by [[Govind Nihalani]].
* ''[[Param Vir Chakra (film)|Param Vir Chakra]]'', a 1995 Hindi film based on Indo-Pakistani War, directed by Ashok Kaul.<ref>{{cite web|title=Param Vir Chakra (1995)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0940893/|publisher=IMDB|access-date=26 November 2011|archive-date=14 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014182644/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0940893/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Border (1997 film)|Border]]'', a 1997 Hindi war film based on the [[Battle of Longewala]] of the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war, directed by [[J.P.Dutta]].
* ''[[LOC Kargil]]'', a 2003 Hindi war film based on the [[Kargil War]], directed by [[J. P. Dutta]].
* ''[[Deewaar (2004 film)|Deewaar]]'', a 2004 Hindi film starring [[Amitabh Bachchan]] based on the [[POW]] of the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war, directed by [[Milan Luthria]].
* ''[[Lakshya (2004 film)|Lakshya]]'', a 2004 Hindi film partially based on the events of the Kargil War, directed by [[Farhan Akhtar]].
* ''[[1971 (2007 film)|1971]]'', 2007 Hindi war film based on a true story of prisoners of war after the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, directed by Amrit Sagar.
* ''[[Kurukshetra (2008 film)|Kurukshetra]]'', a 2008 Malayalam film starring [[Mohanlal]] based on Kargil War, directed by [[Major Ravi]].
* ''[[Tango Charlie (2005 film)|Tango Charlie]]'', a 2005 Hindi film starring [[Ajay Devgan]], and [[Bobby Deol]] based on Kargil Conflict, directed by [[Mani Shankar]].
* ''[[The Ghazi Attack]]'', a 2017 [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Hindi]] bilingual film based on the sinking of {{ship|PNS|Ghazi}}.
* ''[[1971: Beyond Borders]]'', a 2017 Malayalam film, directed by Major Ravi.
* ''[[Raazi]]'', a 2018 [[Hindi]] film about an Indian spy during the Indo Pakistan war of 1971, directed by [[Meghna Gulzar]]
* ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]'', a 2019 [[Hindi]] film about [[2016 Indian Line of Control strike|India's surgical strike into the Pakistani base camps]] after the [[2016 Uri attack|Uri incident]] in 2016.

=== Pakistani films, miniseries and dramas ===

* ''[[Angaar Waadi]]'', an [[Urdu]] drama serial based on the [[Kashmir]] conflict, directed by [[Rauf Khalid]]<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/675848/prominent-writer-actor-rauf-khalid-dies-in-road-accident |title=Prominent writer, actor, Rauf Khalid dies in road accident | Entertainment |newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=25 November 2011 |access-date=15 January 2012 |archive-date=28 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228103145/http://www.dawn.com/2011/11/25/prominent-writer-actor-rauf-khalid-dies-in-road-accident.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[Laag (drama)|Laag]]'', an Urdu drama serial based on the Kashmir conflict, directed by Rauf Khalid<ref name="autogenerated1" />
* ''[[PNS Ghazi (Shaheed)]]'', an Urdu drama based on [[sinking of PNS Ghazi]], [[Inter Services Public Relations|ISPR]]
* ''[[Alpha Bravo Charlie]]'', an Urdu drama serial based on three different aspects of [[Pakistan Army]]'s involvement in action, directed by [[Shoaib Mansoor]]
* ''[[Sipahi Maqbool Hussain]]'', an Urdu drama serial based on a 1965 war [[POW]], directed by Haider Imam Rizvi

==See also==
* [[United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan]]
* [[Democracy in India]]
* [[Democracy in Pakistan]]
* [[India–Pakistan relations]]
* [[Patriotic hacking]]
* [[List of wars involving India]]
* [[List of wars involving Pakistan]]
* [[Two-nation theory]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==

* Chaudhuri, Rudra. "‘Just Another Border Incident’: The Rann of Kutch and the 1965 India–Pakistan War." ''Journal of Strategic Studies'' 42.5 (2019): 654-676. [https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/108241284/Just_another_border_incident_CHAUDHURI_Accepted_2019_GREEN_AAM.pdf online]
* Cheema, Musarat Javed. "Pakistan–India conflict with special reference to Kashmir." ''South Asian Studies'' 30.1 (2020). [http://journals.pu.edu.pk/journals/index.php/IJSAS/article/view/2983/1196 online]
* Cloughley, Brian. ''A history of the Pakistan army: wars and insurrections'' (Simon and Schuster, 2016).
* Dixit, J. N. ''India-Pakistan in War & Peace'' (2002).
* {{cite book |author=Higgins, David R.|title=M48 Patton vs Centurion: Indo-Pakistan War 1965|year=2016|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-14-7281-094-6|page=103|ref={{sfnref|David R. Higgins|2016}}}}
* Impiani, Dwi. "Escalation of Military Conflict between India and Pakistan in the Post Lahore Declaration (1999–2019): Security Dilemma Perspective." ''Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional'' 21.2 (2019): 219–241. [https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1063&context=global online]
* Indurthy, Rathnam. ''India–Pakistan wars and the Kashmir crisis'' (Routledge India, 2019).
* Kaura, Vinay. "India's Pakistan policy: from 2016 ‘surgical strike’ to 2019 Balakot ‘airstrike’." ''The Round Table'' 109.3 (2020): 277–287. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00358533.2020.1760499 online]
* Lyon, Peter. ''Conflict between India and Pakistan: An Encyclopedia'' (2008).
* Mohan, Surinder. ''Complex Rivalry: The Dynamics of India-Pakistan Conflict'' (University of Michigan Press, 2022).
* Siddiqa, Ayesha. ''Military Inc.: inside Pakistan's military economy'' (Penguin Random House India, 2017).
* Sisson, Richard, and Leo E. Rose, eds. ''War and Secession: Pakistan, India, and the Creation of Bangladesh'' (1991)
* {{cite book |last1=Talbot |first1=Ian |last2=Singh |first2=Gurharpal |title=The Partition of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=utKmPQAACAAJ |year=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-85661-4 |archive-date=13 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213073754/https://books.google.com/books?id=utKmPQAACAAJ |url-status=live }}

===Primary sources===
* {{cite book |author=Rachna Bisht|title=1965: Stories from the Second Indo-Pakistan War|year= 2015|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-93-5214-129-6|page=60  }}

==External links==
{{commons category|Indo-Pakistani wars}}
* [http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552636 Nuclear Proliferation in India and Pakistan] from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160115205405/https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494 Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives]

{{Kashmir conflict}}
{{Indo-Pakistani relations}}
{{Military of India}}
{{Military history of Pakistan}}

{{South Asian topics}}
{{India topics}}
{{Afghanistan topics}}
{{Pakistan topics}}

[[Category:India–Pakistan wars and conflicts| ]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan military relations| ]]
[[Category:History of the Republic of India]]
[[Category:Post-independence history of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Wars involving India|Indo-Pakistan]]
[[Category:Wars involving Pakistan|Indo-Pakistan]]

Hanamkonda Assembly constituency

2026-04-26T10:40:29Z

RomanStrock4259: new basic entry from scratch.

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Telangana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Hanamkonda
| established = 1978
| abolished = 2008
| state = [[United Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Warangal district|Warangal]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Warangal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Warangal]]
| type = SLA
}}
'''Hanamkonda''' is a former assembly constituency of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<ref name="thehindu">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/03/08/stories/2003030802610400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031209004110/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/03/08/stories/2003030802610400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2003-12-09|website=[[The Hindu]]|title=Delimitation fear grips top politicos|date=2003-03-08|accessdate=2018-08-22}}</ref> in [[Telangana]] state of [[India]], then part of [[United Andhra Pradesh]]. During the 2008 delimitation exercise the constituency was bifurcated into [[Warangal West (Assembly constituency)|Warangal West]] and [[Warangal East (Assembly constituency)|Warangal East]].<ref name="thehindu2">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-telangana/First-complete-delimitation-of-constituencies-Revanth-Reddy/article14625954.ece|title=First complete delimitation of constituencies: Revanth Reddy - TELANGANA|website=The Hindu|accessdate=2018-08-22}}</ref> This constituency was created in 1978 originally from the earlier united [[Warangal Assembly constituency]] and existed between 1978 until the 2008 delimitation.

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Hanamkonda <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AP_2004.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 4 Mar 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304113812/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AP_2004.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mandadi Satyanarayana Reddy |party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |votes = 60,730 |percentage = 39.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Dasyam Pranay Bhasker]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 57,582 |percentage = 37.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dharma Rao Marthineni |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 27,820 |percentage = 18.22% |change = {{decrease}}21.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gade Inna Reddy |party = Janata Party |votes = 2,335 |percentage = 1.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anjaneya Sastry Kompalli |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,625 |percentage = 1.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prof. Chintha Suvartha |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,229 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nanne Lakshman Meru |party = Independent politician |votes = 987 |percentage = 0.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,148 |percentage = 2.06% |change = {{decrease}}8.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 152,744 |percentage = 59.17% |change = {{increase}}0.16 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 152,711}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 33 |percentage = 0.02% |change = {{decrease}}4.23 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 258,165 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.20 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}0.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Hanamkonda <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AP99.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AP99.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dharma Rao Marthineni |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 52,572 |percentage = 40.08% |change = {{increase}}35.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. P. V. Ranga Rao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 38,488 |percentage = 29.34% |change = {{decrease}}10.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Dasyam Pranay Bhasker]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 33,146 |percentage = 25.27% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gujjari Pratap |party = Anna Telugu Desam Party |votes = 1,950 |percentage = 1.49% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balaboina Upender |party = Independent politician |votes = 963 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Burra Ramulu |party = Independent politician |votes = 893 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,084 |percentage = 10.74% |change = {{decrease}}2.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 136,998 |percentage = 59.01% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 131,174}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,824 |percentage = 4.25% |change = {{increase}}2.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 232,163 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.30 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Telugu Desam Party |swing = {{decrease}}13.69 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Hanamkonda <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-AP94.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-AP94.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Dasyam Pranay Bhasker]] |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 62,242 |percentage = 53.77% |change = {{increase}}18.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. P. V. Ranga Rao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 46,551 |percentage = 40.21% |change = {{decrease}}18.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dharma Rao Marthineni |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 4,754 |percentage = 4.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,691 |percentage = 13.55% |change = {{decrease}}9.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 117,801 |percentage = 59.01% |change = {{decrease}}2.32 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 115,759}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,042 |percentage = 1.73% |change = {{decrease}}2.78 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 199,628 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.69 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Telugu Desam Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}4.76 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Hanamkonda <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatRep_AP_89.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatRep_AP_89.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[P. V. Ranga Rao]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 59,153 |percentage = 58.53% |change = {{increase}}24.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Dasyam Pranay Bhasker]] |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 35,810 |percentage = 35.43% |change = {{decrease}}10.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkateshawar Rao Velegala |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,478 |percentage = 2.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohd. Khaleeluddin |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,984 |percentage = 1.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dumpeti Laxman |party = Independent politician |votes = 670 |percentage = 0.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,343 |percentage = 23.10% |change = {{increase}}11.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 105,831 |percentage = 61.33% |change = {{increase}}9.53 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 101,059}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,772 |percentage = 4.51% |change = {{increase}}2.75 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 172,560 |ref = |change = {{increase}}28.15 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Telugu Desam Party |swing = {{increase}}12.91 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Hanamkonda <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20andhra%20pradesh.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20andhra%20pradesh.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Venkateswar Rao. V |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 31,263 |percentage = 45.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gandavarapu Prasad Rao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,404 |percentage = 34.16% |change = {{increase}}1.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kasarla Veera Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,028 |percentage = 14.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mattepelli Venkataiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,581 |percentage = 2.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kandukuri Kanthaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,326 |percentage = 1.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,859 |percentage = 11.47% |change = {{decrease}}15.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 69,748 |percentage = 51.80% |change = {{decrease}}3.89 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,522}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,226 |percentage = 1.76% |change = {{decrease}}0.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 134,656 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.01 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Telugu Desam Party |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}13.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Hanamkonda <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201983.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201983.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sangam Reddy Satyanarayana |party = Independent politician |votes = 39,112 |percentage = 58.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tiruvarangam Haygrivachary |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,415 |percentage = 32.24% |change = {{increase}}28.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammed Yousufuddin |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 2,706 |percentage = 4.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yakarapu Shantha Kumari |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,191 |percentage = 3.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankraiah Sayam |party = Lokdal |votes = 632 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,697 |percentage = 26.64% |change = {{increase}}7.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 68,167 |percentage = 55.69% |change = {{decrease}}12.62 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 66,432}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,735 |percentage = 2.55% |change = {{decrease}}1.01 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 122,398 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}10.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Hanamkonda <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Andhra%20Pradesh.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Andhra%20Pradesh.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = T. Hayagriva Chary |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 32,806 |percentage = 47.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. Uma Reddy |party = Janata Party |votes = 19,786 |percentage = 28.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gujjari Ved Prakash |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,008 |percentage = 10.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. Sunder Raj Naidu |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 2,697 |percentage = 3.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohd. Sajid Pasha |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,568 |percentage = 3.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. Gandiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 939 |percentage = 1.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narsimha Reddy Kesireddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 829 |percentage = 1.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sheelam Rajalingam |party = Independent politician |votes = 766 |percentage = 1.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Moluguri Prabhakar Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 603 |percentage = 0.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,020 |percentage = 19.01% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 71,012 |percentage = 68.31% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,483}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,529 |percentage = 3.56% |change = }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 103,952 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|18.01|79.55|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Hanamkonda district]]
[[Category:Warangal district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]

First Finance Commission

2026-04-26T09:28:40Z

RomanStrock4259:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2014}}

The '''First [[Finance Commission of India|Finance Commission]]''' [[Finance Commission of India|of India]] was appointed in 1951, for the period 1952–57 by the [[President of India]] and was chaired by [[K. C. Neogy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of First Finance Commission |url=https://fincomindia.nic.in/commission-reports-first |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251210134405/https://fincomindia.nic.in/commission-reports-first |archive-date=10 December 2025 |access-date=26 April 2026 |website=fincomindia.nic.in |language=en}}</ref>

==Members==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Position
!Note<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fincomindia.nic.in/ShowContent.aspx?uid1=3&uid2=0&uid3=0&uid4=0&uid5=0&uid6=0&uid7=0 |access-date=2017-07-22 |title=Members of the previous Finance Commissions: First Finance Commission |publisher=Fourteenth Finance Commission}}</ref>
|-
|[[K. C. Neogy]]
|Chairman
|
|-
|[[V. P. Menon]]
| rowspan="5" |Member
|Resigned on 18 February 1952
|-
|{{Small|Justice}} [[R. Kaushalendra Rao]]
|
|-
|[[B. K. Mada]]
|
|-
|[[M. V. Rangachari]]
|Member Secretary
|-
|[[V. L. Mehta]]
|In Place of V. P. Menon
|}

==Terms of Reference==

The commission was asked to make recommendations regarding:
# Allocations of [[Income tax in India|income tax]] and Union [[Excise Duties]] and tax sharing.
# Amounts payable as [[Grant-in-aid|Grants-in-Aid]] to the States in need of Assistance under the ‘substantive portion of Clause 1 of Article 275’.
# Grants-in-Aid to certain States in lieu of their share of export duty on jute and jute products according to Article 273
# Continuation or adjustment of the terms of agreement with Part B States under Article 278 (1) or under Article 306.

==Recommendations==

* The share of States in the proceeds of income tax was to be 55 per cent.
* The First Commission recommended that shares of States in the Union excise duties be 40 per cent of the proceeds of the tax on three commodities, 25 per cent of the proceeds of the tax on eight commodities and 20 per cent of the proceeds of the tax on 35 commodities, respectively.
* As far as Horizontal Distribution is concerned, overwhelming weightage is given to Population (80%). Only residual weightage of 20% given to contribution.
* No recommendations regarding grants for meeting capital requirements of the state were made by the commission.
* The Commission provided Grants-in- Aid (under Article 273) to only four states, namely, [[Assam]] [[Bihar]], [[Orissa]] and [[West Bengal]]. However, Grants were provided to many states under Substantive Portion of Article 275 (1) and under the head of Primary education grants.
* All recommendations made by the commission were accepted by the [[Union Government]].

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==

* {{url|https://fincomindia.nic.in/|Official Website of Finance Commission}}

{{Ministry of Finance (India)}}
{{Finance Commission of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:First Finance Commission of India}}
[[Category:1951 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Finance Commission of India]]

Pakari Dayal, Bihar

2026-04-23T14:04:18Z

RomanStrock4259: added a details

{{Unreferenced|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''Pakridayal''' is a subdivision in [[East Champaran district]] in [[Bihar]], India.
It has a PIN Code as: 845428.
It is 130 km from [[Patna]].
One can reach here by road mainly NH-28 towards Motihari.
There are several towns and villages like Hajipur, Muzaffarpur, Kaanti, Mehsi, Motipur, Chakiya and Chorma in between Patna and Pakaridayal.
This village is a Nagar Panchayat. There are 15 wards in Pakridayal Nagar Panchayat.
It is situated on the bank of Budhi Gandak river, which origins from Nepal.

From the district headquarter Motihari, the distance is 17 km.

It has a post office, police station, Nagar Panchayat office, subdivision office, block office, land registrar office, telephone exchange for the govt administration purpose.

For education, there are several government and private schools.

For entertainment, there is a Single Screen Cinema Hall called "Aman Talkies". It is not in operation from several year.

There is a local market and many shops there for daily needs.
The market is growing now and growing well.
Since this is mainly an agricultural area, the business related to the agricultural products like wheat, rice, pulses etc. are growing fast enough.

{{coord missing|Bihar}}

[[Category:East Champaran district]]

{{EastChamparan-geo-stub}}

Geet Chaturvedi

2026-04-22T10:00:01Z

RomanStrock4259: started first entry needs work

{{Short description|Indian writer (born 1977)}}
{{AI-generated|partial=y|date=March 2026|reason=some 2025/26 edits like [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geet_Chaturvedi&diff=prev&oldid=1293469923 these], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geet_Chaturvedi&diff=1333294920&oldid=1330415923 these], and likely others by user; note [[WP:AISIGNS]] in undue emphasis on significance, superficial analyses, vocab distro typical of LLM output, etc}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox writer 
|name = Geet Chaturvedi
|image = Geet Chaturvedi CLF 3.jpg
| caption = Geet Chaturvedi in 2018
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1977|11|27}}
|birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
|death_date =
|death_place =
|occupation = Poet, lyricist, screenwriter, short story author, novelist, journalist and translator
|nationality = Indian
| period = 1994–present
| genre = Poetry, Novel, Screenwriting
| movement = [[Postmodern literature]]
|awards = Bharat Bhushan Award for Poetry,
Krishna Pratap Award for Fiction,
Spandan Award for poetry,
[[Krishna Baldev Vaid]] Fellowship for fiction,
[[Syed Haider Raza]] Fellowship for fiction
| website = {{URL|http://www.geetchaturvedi.com/}}
|}}

'''Geet Chaturvedi''' (born 27 November 1977) is a [[Hindi]] poet, short story author, and novelist.<ref name="Circumference">{{Cite web|url=http://circumferencemag.org/index.php/?p=3422|title=My body kept clanging like the tin of your house | Circumference}}</ref> Often regarded as an [[avant-garde]] writer, he was awarded the Bharat Bhushan Agrawal Award for poetry in 2007 <ref name="currentgk1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.currentgk.com/gk/awards/other_national_awards.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522141854/http://www.currentgk.com/gk/awards/other_national_awards.html|title=Current GK : News BBA|archivedate=22 May 2009}}</ref> and Krishna Pratap Award for Fiction in 2014.<ref name="literaturestudio1">{{cite web|url=http://literaturestudio.in/literature-studios-advisor-geet-chaturvedi-gets-krishna-pratap-katha-samman/|title=Literature Studio's Advisor Geet Chaturvedi gets Krishna Pratap Katha Samman - Literature Studio|access-date=7 October 2015|archive-date=23 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923095708/http://literaturestudio.in/literature-studios-advisor-geet-chaturvedi-gets-krishna-pratap-katha-samman/|url-status=dead}}</ref> His novel 'Simsim', translated into English by Anita Gopalan, was longlisted for the [[JCB Prize]] for Literature 2023 <ref name="JCB Prize">{{cite web|url=http://www.thejcbprize.org/book/sim-sim/|title=Simsim by Geet Chaturvedi longlisted for the JCB Prize for literature}}</ref> and also won the [[PEN/Heim Translation Fund Grants]].<ref name="PEN America">{{cite web|url=https://pen.org/simsim/|title=Simsim wins PEN/Heim Translation Fund Grants|date=27 July 2016 }}</ref> He lives in [[Bhopal]], India. He is active both as a fiction writer and critic. In 2011, ''[[The Indian Express]]'' included him in a list of the 'Ten Best Writers' of India.<ref name="indianexpress1">{{Cite web|url=http://epaper.indianexpress.com/8103/Eye-The-Sunday-Express-Magazine/July-17-23-2011#p=page:n=9:z=2|title=Indian Express EYE epaper dated Sun, 17 Jul 11|access-date=31 October 2011|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123173120/https://epaper.indianexpress.com/8103/Eye-The-Sunday-Express-Magazine/July-17-23-2011#p=page:n=9:z=2|url-status=dead}}</ref> His poems have been translated into 22 languages.<ref name="The Raza Foundation Bio Page">{{cite web|url=https://www.therazafoundation.org/geet-chaturvedi/|title=Geet Chaturvedi Bio}}</ref> His book of essays 'The Master of Unfinished Things' was included in the list of '75 notable translations worldwide' in 2025 by ''[[World Literature Today]]''.<ref name="75 Notable Translations List WLT">{{cite web|url=https://worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/lit-lists/world-literature-todays-75-notable-translations-2025-michelle-johnson|title=WLT List}}</ref>

Chaturvedi is the author of eleven books including the poetry collections ''Aalaap me girah'' in 2010, ''Nyoonatam Main'' in 2017, and ''Khushiyon Ke Guptchar'' in 2019. He also published two collections of novellas, ''Savant Anti Ki Ladkiyan'' and ''Pink Slip Daddy'', in 2010. The novella "Pink Slip Daddy" was considered to be one of the best works of fiction in contemporary Hindi writing by the literary periodical ''Kathadesh''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindiblogs.com/kathadesh-samvad-prativad-teen-kahanikar.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213215900/http://www.hindiblogs.com/kathadesh-samvad-prativad-teen-kahanikar.html|title=Teen Kahanikar, Ravindra Tripathi : Kathadesh (in Hindi)|archivedate=13 February 2010}}</ref>

==Poetry==
Geet Chaturvedi was awarded the Bharat Bhushan Agrawal Award in 2007.<ref name="currentgk1"/> His poetry has been translated into 22 languages.<ref name="literaturestudio1"/> In [[Anita Gopalan]]'s English translation, his poems have been published in [[AGNI (magazine)|''AGNI'']], ''[[PEN America]]'', ''[[Poetry International (magazine)|Poetry International]]'', ''[[Sycamore Review]]'', ''[[World Literature Today]]'', ''[[Words without Borders]]'', ''[[Asymptote (magazine)|Asymptote]]'', ''[[Chicago Review]]'', ''The Offing'', ''[[Modern Poetry in Translation]]'', and elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://columbiajournal.org/excerpt-from-the-amphibian-geet-chaturvedi-translated-from-hindi-by-anita-gopalan/|title=Excerpt from the Poem, The Amphibian, by Geet Chaturvedi, Translated from the Hindi by Anita Gopalan|first1=Geet |last1=Chaturvedi |first2=Anita |last2=Gopalan |date=31 January 2022}}</ref>

===''The Amphibian''===

His long poem ''Ubhaychar'' ('The amphibian') was published in 2010, and treats topics such as memory and collective myths.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://galpaatal.wordpress.com/2010/06/16/a-script-waiting-to-explode-a-hero-retrieved-from-no-mans-land/|title=A script waiting to explode: A hero retrieved from No Man's Land|date=16 June 2010}}</ref>

===''Aalaap mein girah''===
''Aalaap mein girah'' ({{Lit|Nodule in Prelude}}) is the first volume of his poems, published in 2010 with positive reviews. It established Chaturvedi as the leading poet of his generation.<ref name="News18 Hindi">{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/lifestyle/book-review-geet-chaturvedi-poet-profile-hindi-literature-hindi-sahitya-famous-kavi-3636026.html|title=मैं आधी समझी गई पंक्ति हूं, अभी आधा काम बाकी है- गीत चतुर्वेदी|date=27 June 2021|website=News18 हिंदी}}</ref>

===''Nyoonatam Main''===
''Nyoonatam Main'' ({{Lit|The Minimal I}}) is the second volume of his poems, published in 2017. It was named among the best books of Hindi poetry by many literary critics along publications like Femina, Navbharat Times etc. It was included in the [[Dainik Jagran]] Bestseller list 2017–2018. Nyoonatam Main won the prestigious Spandan Award for Hindi poetry.<ref name="News18 Hindi"/>

===''Khushiyon Ke Guptchar''===

''Khushiyon Ke Guptchar'' ({{Lit|Secret Agents of Joys}}) is the third book of Chaturvedi's poems. It became an instant bestseller after its publication. The books has 81 poems of his, written during 2014 to 2017.<ref name="News18 Hindi"/>

==Work==

===''Sim Sim''===

'Sim Sim', published in 2023, is a celebrated novel by Geet Chaturvedi, originally written in [[Hindi]] and later translated into English by Anita Gopalan. The novel poignantly explores the lives of [[Sindhi Hindu]] refugees following the [[Partition of India]], delving into themes of memory, loss, and resilience. Central to the story is Basar Mal, who, after losing his family and homeland, finds solace in a library he builds in [[Mumbai]], while other characters like Dilkhush Sambosewala and Mangan’s Ma add depth to the narrative’s exploration of displacement and longing.<ref name="News 18 English">{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/opinion/book-review-simsim-an-elegy-for-tragedy-of-sindhi-hindus-7606297.html|title=Book Review {{!}} 'Simsim': An Elegy for Tragedy of Sindhi Hindus}}</ref> 'Sim Sim' has received significant critical acclaim in both its Hindi and English versions. In Hindi, it was shortlisted for the prestigious 'Valley of Words (VoW) Awards 2024' for the originality of its voice and the poignant portrayal of the [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]] refugees.<ref name="Valley of Words Festival">{{cite web|url=http://theprint.in/india/valley-of-words-festival-announces-its-2024-shortlists-for-english-hindi-fiction-categories/2171529/|title=Valley of Words festival announces its 2024 shortlists for English & Hindi fiction categories|website=[[ThePrint]] |date=12 July 2024 }}</ref> The English translation was awarded the [[PEN/Heim Translation Fund Grants]] by [[PEN America]], recognizing its literary merit and the quality of its translation.<ref name="PEN America"/> Notably, Simsim was longlisted for the [[JCB Prize]] for Literature 2023, one of India’s most prestigious literary awards, further cementing its status as a groundbreaking contemporary literary work.<ref name="JCB Prize"/> The novel's lyrical prose and sensitive portrayal of displacement have garnered critical acclaim, with [[The Hindu]] describing it as "indelible, in that it cannot be truly forgotten."<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/book-review-simsim-author-geet-chaturvedi-translator-anita-gopalan-partition-story-sindhis-displacement/article67388572.ece/|title=A memory palace for loss {{!}} Review of Geet Chaturvedi's ''Simsim'', translated by Anita Gopalan |work=The Hindu |date=26 January 2024 |last1=Bharucha |first1=Percy }}</ref> Simsim is often compared to the works of V.S. Naipaul, Marcel Proust, and J.M. Coetzee.<ref name="News 18 English"/>

===''The Master of Unfinished Things''===

''The Master of Unfinished Things'', translated into English by Anita Gopalan and published by Penguin Books, is a triptych of memoirs, diary entries, creative prose, and essays that blends introspection with myth, anecdote, and literary reflection.<ref name="Penguin Books">{{cite web|url=https://www.penguin.co.in/book/the-master-of-unfinished-things/|title=The Master of Unfinished Things}}</ref> Widely praised as an “ode to incompleteness,” the book explores unfinished endings in life and art, offering a quietly absorbing and unconventional reading experience. Its themes range from the author’s relationships with books, writers, cricket, and nature to deeper inquiries into writing, identity, and memory.<ref name="Frontline Review">{{cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/geet-chaturvedi-master-of-unfinished-things-book-review/article69540270.ece#:~:text=An%20ode%20to%20incompleteness&text=Geet%20Chaturvedi%20is%20a%20Hindi,and%20creative%20prose%3B%20and%20essays.|title=An ode to incompleteness}}</ref>

In the titular essay, Chaturvedi reflects on his own abandoned projects to argue that incompletion is intrinsic to love, creativity, and living itself—a central idea that recurs throughout the collection. Reviewers have noted the book’s elegant fusion of personal reflection with literary and cultural allusion, highlighting its poetic cadence and its invitation to embrace uncertainty rather than resolution, with essays such as ''Cat Years'' frequently singled out as emblematic of its tone.<ref name="WLT Review">{{cite web|url=https://worldliteraturetoday.org/2026/january/master-unfinished-things-geet-chaturvedi|title=Review The Master of Unfinished Things in WLT}}</ref><ref name="Hindustan Times Review">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/review-the-master-of-unfinished-things-by-geet-chaturvedi-101768376446590.html|title=Review The Master of Unfinished Things}}</ref>

In a May 2025 review for [[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]], critic Aditya Sinha specifically described Chaturvedi as a "writer's writer" while praising his collection, ''The Master of Unfinished Things''. Sinha noted that the book captures the "spirituality of incompleteness" and serves as a profound investigation into the craft of writing.<ref name="Frontline Review"/> Anita Gopalan’s translation has been consistently commended for its fluency and tonal sensitivity,<ref name="The Hindu Review">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/book-review-the-master-of-unfinished-things-geet-chaturvedi-translation/article70274972.ece|title=Review The Master of Unfinished Things}}</ref> and the book was selected by ''[[World Literature Today]]'' as one of the “75 Notable Translations Worldwide” in 2025.<ref name="75 Notable Translations List WLT"/>

===''Aunt Savant And Her Daughters''===

''Savant Anti Ki Ladkiyan'' ({{Lit|Aunt Savant And Her Daughters}}), his first book of fiction, contains three novellas set in Mumbai. The common theme of the stories is women obsessed with the idea of love.

===''Pink Slip Daddy''===

[[File:Geet_Chaturvedi-Orkut.jpg|thumb|alt=Alt|Geet Chaturvedi]]

''Pink Slip Daddy'', published in 2010, is also a collection of three novellas.The title story is about a man called Prafful Shashikant Dadhich or PSD, nicknamed "Pink Slip Daddy". The book received the Krishna Prataap Award for Fiction 2014. The award statement mentioned Chaturvedi's "mastery as a storyteller", and his "taut poetic language".<ref name="literaturestudio1"/>

==Translation==

Among the poets he has translated into Hindi, Sabeer Haka, [[Adam Zagajewski]], [[Bei Dao]], [[Dunya Mikhail]], [[Iman Mersal]], [[Eduardo Chirinos]], [[Adunis]], [[Mahmoud Darwish]], [[Pablo Neruda]], [[Federico Garcia Lorca]] are to name a few.

==Selected bibliography==

===Poetry===
* 2019: {{cite book| title=Khushiyon Ke Guptchar| date=December 2019| publisher= Rukh Publications, New Delhi.|isbn=978-81-943123-0-7 | title-link=Khushiyon Ke Guptchar}}
* 2017: {{cite book| title=Nyoonatam Main| date=January 2017| publisher=[[Rajkamal Prakashan]], New Delhi.|isbn=978-81-267-2971-5 | title-link=Nyoonatam Main}}
* 2010: {{cite book| title=Aalaap mein girah| date=February 2010| publisher=[[Rajkamal Prakashan]], New Delhi.| isbn=978-81-267-1853-5 | title-link=Aalaap mein girah}}

===Fiction===
* 2023: {{cite book| title=Sim Sim| publisher=Hind Yugm, New Delhi| date=Jan 2023| isbn=978-93-92820-30-4 }}
* 2023: {{cite book| title=Gomutra| publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi| date=Oct 2023| isbn=978-81-19835-44-7 }}
* 2010: {{cite book| title=Savant Aunty Ki Ladkiyan| publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi| date=June 2010| isbn=978-81-267-1922-8 }}
* 2010: {{cite book| title=Pink Slip Daddy | publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi| date=June 2010| isbn=978-81-267-1933-4 }}

===Non-fiction===
* 2021: {{cite book| title=Adhuri Cheezon Ka Devta| date=January 2021| publisher= Rukh Publications, New Delhi.|isbn=978-81-943123-1-4 | title-link=Adhuri Cheezon Ka Devta}}
* 2018: {{cite book| title=Table Lamp| publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi| date=May 2018| isbn=978-81-267-3088-9 }}

===Translated by Geet Chaturvedi===
* 2018: Khud se Kai Sawal, by [[Amit Dutta]], Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi. {{ISBN|978-81-267-3073-5}}.
* 2004: Chile Ke Jungalon se, Prose by [[Pablo Neruda]], Samvad Prakashan

===Editing===
* 2018: Lekhak Ka Cinema, Writings on world cinema by [[Kunwar Narayan]], edited by Geet Chaturvedi, Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi. {{ISBN|978-81-267-3047-6}}.

===Geet Chaturvedi in translation===
* 2025: The Master of Unfinished Things, translated by Anita Gopalan, Penguin Books, New Delhi, India. {{ISBN|978-01-43471639}}.
* 2023: Sim Sim, translated by Anita Gopalan, Penguin Books, New Delhi, India. {{ISBN|978-0-670-09728-9}}.
* 2022: Nyoonatam Main (Punjabi), Poems, translated by Pawan Naad, Autumn Art Publishers, Patiala, Punjab. {{ISBN|978-93-94183-41-4}}.
* 2021: Chitta Phool Je Gulabi Hona Chahunda, Essays on literature in Punjabi translation, translated by Gaurav, Autumn Art Publishers, Patiala, Punjab. {{ISBN|978-93-90849-24-6}}.
* 2019: The Memory of Now, translated by Anita Gopalan, Anomalous Press, Rhode Islands, USA. {{ISBN|978-1-939781-44-4}}.
* 2019: Simsim, Marathi translation by Jui Kulkarni, Book Hungama, Pune

==Awards and honors==
Chaturvedi has won several awards and recognitions for his writings.<ref name="hindi.news18.com">{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/lifestyle/book-review-book-review-hindi-poet-geet-chaturvedi-adhuri-cheezon-ka-devta-rukh-publications-3602743.html|title= News18 Hindi Article Jadui Gady ka Udaharan|date=28 May 2021}}</ref>
* 2007: [[Bharat Bhushan]] award for poetry
* 2011: One of the ten best writers of India, [[Indian Express]]
* 2014: Krishna Pratap Katha Samman for fiction for ''Pink Slip Daddy''
* 2016: [[PEN/Heim Translation Fund Grants]] for ''Sim Sim'' to his translator Anita Gopalan
* 2018: [[Shailesh Matiyani]] Katha Samman for fiction for ''Pink Slip Daddy''
* 2019: [[Krishna Baldev Vaid]] fellowship for fiction
* 2019: [[Syed Haider Raza]] fellowship for fiction
* 2020: Vagdhara Navratna Samman for poetry for ''Nyoonatam Main''
* 2020: Spandan Kriti Samman for poetry for ''Nyoonatam Main''
* 2021: Vatayan International Literature Award for his contribution to Hindi literature (United Kingdom)
* 2023: ''Sim Sim'' longlisted for the [[JCB Prize for Literature]]
* 2024: ''Sim Sim'' shortlisted for the VoW Book Awards
* 2024: Vageeshwari Samman for non-fiction ''Adhuri Cheezon Ke Devta''
* 2025: ''The Master of Unfinished Things'' included in the list of '75 Notable Translations of 2025' by [[World Literature Today]]

==Other recognition==
* During 2017–2018, ''Nyoonatam Main'' was regularly listed in the [[Dainik Jagran]] Bestselling Books.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/hindi-bestseller-announced-dainik-jagrans-monthly-programme-sanidhya/|title= India Education Diary|date=27 April 2020}}</ref> It was listed in the ''Best Books of the Year'' lists by many publications including Navbharat Times, Dainik Jagran, Nai Duniya and Femina Magazine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.femina.in/hindi/sahitya/review/best-5-hindi-poetry-collection-of-year-201617_-1584-3.html/|title= Femina Hindi List|date=23 January 2018}}</ref>
* ''Khushiyon Ke Guptchar'' was listed into the top five Hindi poetry books of the year in 2019-2020 by the leading newspaper Navbharat Times.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/education/expert-advice/year-ender-2019-book-you-should-read-of-2019-publication/articleshow/73016507.cms|title= Navbharat Times List|date=29 December 2019}}</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://geetchaturvedi.com/|name=Official website of Geet Chaturvedi}}
*[https://pen.org/translation/simsim Simsim by Geet Chaturvedi: PEN America]
* [http://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/poetry/two-poems-hindi-geet-chaturvedi Two poems by Geet Chaturvedi: World Literature Today]
* [http://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/blog/translation-tuesday/bearing-across-patterns-asymmetry-translating-geet-chaturvedi-anita-gopalan Anita Gopalan's essay on translating Geet Chaturvedi]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.mptmagazine.com/poem/the-memory-of-now-772/ Geet Chaturvedi's poem: Modern Poetry in Translation]
* [https://www.poetryinternational.org/pi/poet/27284/Geet-Chaturvedi/en/tile Geet Chaturvedi's poems: Poetry International Rotterdam, Translated by Anita Gopalan]
* [http://geetchaturvedi.blogspot.com/ Geet Chaturvedi's blog in Hindi]
* [http://www.kavitakosh.org/geetchaturvedi Geet Chaturvedi's poems] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208114910/http://kavitakosh.org/geetchaturvedi |date=8 December 2015 }} in Hindi at [http://kavitakosh.org/ Kavitakosh]
* [http://museindia.com/MuseIndiaClient/MuseIndiaUI/Home/ViewContentData?arttype=articles&issid=65&menuid=6335 Geet Chaturvedi's Interview and two poems (English)]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}: [[Muse India]]
* [http://circumferencemag.org/?p=3422 Geet Chaturvedi's poems at Circumference: Poetry In Translation]
* [http://columbiajournal.org/excerpt-from-the-amphibian-geet-chaturvedi-translated-from-hindi-by-anita-gopalan/?fbclid=IwAR3KcTrC5KzcbiU4Rn11NSDned4baz2p9oKVuodHcs1iT7ete916h8iUeUw Excerpt from The Amphibian in the Columbia Journal]
* [https://luvina.com.mx/poemas-geet-chaturvedi/ Geet Chaturvedi's poems in Spanish translation in Mexican journal Luvina]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaturvedi, Geet}}
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Poets from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Maharashtra]]

Kedoor

2026-04-21T12:50:04Z

RomanStrock4259: new first details from scratch

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kedoor
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Udupi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluk]]
| parts = [[Kundapura]]
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Village Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2131
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| registration_plate =KA
| website =
}}

'''Kedoor''' is a village in the [[Kundapur]] taluk of [[Udupi|Udupi district]].

== Demographics ==
In 2011, Kedoor had a total population of 2,131 people consisting of 1,146 male and 161 female residents. The village occupies a total area of 636.88 hecatres with a population density of 3.346 people per hectare. In 2011, the total literacy rate was 73.06% which was higher than the national average of 59.5%.<ref name="udupi-census">{{Cite web |title=Census {{!}} Udupi District {{!}} India |url=https://udupi.nic.in/en/document-category/census/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2011, Kedoor had an employment rate of over 50.45%, 92.19% of whom are employed over 183 days in a year.<ref name="udupi-census" />

== Infrastructure ==
A portion of the Konkan railway track runs between Kedoor and [[Thekkatte]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rain fury in Kundapur region - River bank areas flooded, bridges submerged |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=612371 |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

In April 2022, the [[Saligrama, Udupi|Saligrama]] town panchayat proposed that a landfill (dumping ground) be built in the Kedoor region, which was met by opposition from the residents of Kedoor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kundapur: DC visits proposed dumping yard in Kedoor |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=949767 |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Udupi]]
* [[Kundapura]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

{{Settlements in Udupi district}}

[[Category:Villages in Udupi district]]

{{Udupi-geo-stub}}

Sayyid Ibraheem Khaleel Al Bukhari

2026-04-21T04:33:59Z

RomanStrock4259: entry...

{{Short description|Sunni Islamic scholar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Sayyid Ibraheem Khaleel Al Bukhari
| native_name = സയ്യിദ് ഇബ്റാഹീം ഖലീല്‍ അല്‍ ബുഖാരി
| honorific_suffix =
| image = File:Sayyid Ibrahim Khaleel Bukhari.jpg
| office1 = Chairman of [[Ma'din|Ma'din Academy]]
| children =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1964|02|22}}
| birth_place = [[Kadalundi]], [[Kozhikkode]]
| website = [http://www.sayyidbukhari.info/ Official website]
| footnotes =
| date = 9 April

|
| year = 2014

|
| source = http://www.sayyidbukhari.info Sayyid Ibraheem Khaleel Al Bukhari
| birth_name = Sayed Ibraheem Khaleel Bukhari Thangal
}}

'''Sayyid Ibraheem Khaleel Al Bukhari''' (Malayalam: സയ്യിദ് ഇബ്റാഹീം ഖലീല്‍ അല്‍ ബുഖാരി) (Arabic: السيد ابراهيم الخليل البخاري) is the founder and chairman of [[Ma'din|Ma'din Academy]]<ref name="arabnews.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/news/islam-perspective/608271|title=India's largest Ramadan gathering held in Kerala|date=27 July 2014|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref> and adviser of [[World Interfaith Harmony Week]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldinterfaithharmonyweek.com/king-honours-winners-of-2019-world-interfaith-harmony-week-prize/|title=King honours winners of 2019 World Interfaith Harmony Week Prize|website=World Interfaith Harmony Week|date=21 April 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref> He is a [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Ulama|Islamic scholar]], joint secretary of [[Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (AP faction)|Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama]], general secretary of [[Muslim Jamaat|Kerala Muslim Jamaat]], a body of various Muslim organizations in Kerala<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/kerala-s-madin-academy-partners-in-g20-interfaith-summit-114111301368_1.html|title=Kerala's Madin Academy partners in G20 Interfaith Summit|date=13 November 2014|work=Business Standard India|access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref> and listed in [[The 500 Most Influential Muslims|The Muslim 500.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/22-Indians-among-worlds-influential-Muslims/articleshow/49315830.cms|title=22 Indians among world's influential Muslims |date=12 October 2015|first1=Syed Amin |last1=Jafri |website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catchnews.com/world-news/the-muslim-500-most-influential-indian-muslims-in-the-world-1443959022.html|title=The Muslim 500: Most influential Indian Muslims in the world|website=CatchNews.com|language=en|access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref>

==Birth and family background==
Sayed Ibraheem Khaleel Bukhari Thangal was born in 1964 in a family of scholars in [[Kadalundi]], a village in [[Kozhikode district]], [[Kerala]], [[India]] to Sayed Ahmed Bukhari Thangal Bukhari belongs to one of the oldest settled ''[[Thangals|Thangal]]'' families in Kerala, their ancestor ''[[Sayyid]]'' Ahmad Jalaluddin Bukhari (d. 1589 AD) had migrated from [[North India]] in the 16th century to Kerala, Bukhari is a 10th generation descendant of him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bukhari Sayyids of Malabar |url=https://hussainrandathani.in/assets/admin/bookpdf/1993559946.pdf}}</ref> Sayyid Ahmad Jalaluddin Bukhari's ancestors had arrived in the [[Indian subcontinent]] from [[Bukhara]] in [[Central Asia]], settling in [[Uch]], [[Bahawalpur]], he was a 11th generation descendant of [[Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari]] who descended from [[Ali al-Hadi]] who fled from [[Medina]] to [[Samarra]] to escape persecution of the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] Caliph [[al-Mutawakkil]] in 848 AD.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tehelka.com/2015/03/throw-them-into-hell/|title='Throw Them Into Hell' {{!}} Arun Lakshman Nirmala {{!}} Tehelka - Investigations, Latest News, Politics, Analysis, Blogs, Culture, Photos, Videos, Podcasts|website=www.tehelka.com|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316023618/http://www.tehelka.com/2015/03/throw-them-into-hell/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vazhakkad |first=Abdul Vahid K. |title=SADATH FAMILIES AND BUKHARI QABEELA IN KERALA INDIA.docx |url=https://www.academia.edu/29618869/SADATH_FAMILIES_AND_BUKHARI_QABEELA_IN_KERALA_INDIA_docx}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
He acquired primary education from his parents especially from his father Sayed Ahmed Bukhari, the spiritual guide of that region. Under the guidance of Beeran Koya Musliyar, he pursued his higher education and graduated with 2nd rank in Islamic Theology (MFB) from [[Baqiyat Salihat Arabic College]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sayyid Ibrahimul Khalilul Bukhari|url=https://www.g20interfaith.org/content/sayyid-ibrahimul-khalilul-bukhari|website=G20 Interfaith Forum|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-date=29 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729050118/https://www.g20interfaith.org/content/sayyid-ibrahimul-khalilul-bukhari|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Immediately after completing his graduation in 1997, he established [[Ma'din Academy]] at [[Swalath Nagar]] in [[Malappuram]]. He has traveled world-wide, lectured to thousands,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.griffith.edu.au/community/centre-interfaith-cultural-dialogue/commonwealth-conference/speakers|title=Speakers|website=www.griffith.edu.au|language=en|access-date=13 January 2020|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301071708/https://www.griffith.edu.au/community/centre-interfaith-cultural-dialogue/commonwealth-conference/speakers|url-status=dead}}</ref> and composed several works spanning education and contemporary issues. Now in [[Ma'din]] under his supervision 22,000 students are gaining their education in about 28 institutions ranging from primary to postgraduate level. He is respectfully referred to as Sayyid Bukhari<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Khaleel-Bukhari-makes-call-for-vaccination-at-Swalat-prayer-meet/article14468249.ece|title=Khaleel Bukhari makes call for vaccination at Swalat prayer meet|author=Staff Reporter|date=3 July 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=13 January 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Positions==
[[File:SAYYID IBRAHIMUL KHALEELUL BUHAARI THANGAL.JPG|thumbnail|right|Sayyid Ibraheem Khaleel Al Bukhari]]
* Managing editor, ''The Journal Armonia'', an international journal for pluralism and holistic education. The vision of Armonia is ‘to help bring together the best of all civilizations and religions in order to apply their common wisdom in promoting the harmonious pursuit of peace, prosperity, and freedom for all persons and communities through compassionate justice’.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/a-journal-of-peace-from-madin-academy/article20947960.ece|title=A journal of peace from Madin Academy|last=Nahamalappuram|first=Abdul Latheef|date=27 November 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=8 January 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* He has been selected one among the 500 most influential Muslims of the world (Muslims 500), published jointly by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre in Amman, Jordan and Prince Al-Waleed Bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding at Georgetown University in the United States, from 2012 -2019.<ref name="themuslim500.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.themuslim500.com/profiles/sayyid-ibrahimul-khaleel-al-bukhari/|title=Sayyid Ibrahimul Khaleel Al-Bukhari|website=The Muslim 500|language=en-US|access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref>
* Advisor, International Interfaith Harmony Initiative, Malaysia.<ref name="themuslim500.com"/>
* General secretary, Kerala Muslim Jama’at the umbrella body of various Muslim organizations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://keralamuslimjamaath.org/|title=KERALA MUSLIM JAMATH – Official Website|language=en-US|access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/jan/19/leaders-of-rival-sunni-groups-share-dais-sparking-reunion-rumours-1758132.html|title=Leaders of rival Sunni groups share dais sparking reunion rumours|website=The New Indian Express|date=19 January 2018 |access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ramzan-gathering-vows-to-shun-extremism/article27393493.ece|title=Ramzan gathering vows to shun extremism|author=Staff Reporter|date=31 May 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=8 January 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* Vice president of Islamic Educational Board of India (New Delhi), which runs educational institutions in India and various Asian and African countries like UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Malawi and Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/sunni-factions-to-bury-the-hatchet/article22466086.ece|website=[[The Hindu]] |title=Sunni factions to bury the hatchet |date=18 January 2018 |last1=Naha |first1=Abdul Latheef }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/board-to-revive-madrasa-education-system/article7967968.ece|website=[[The Hindu]] |title=Board to revive madrasa education system |date=9 December 2015 |last1=Gowhar |first1=Imran }}</ref>

==International representations==

* Global Business and Peace Conference, [[Seoul]] in [[South Korea]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=കൊറിയൻ സമാധാന സമ്മേളനത്തിന് സോളിൽ സമാപനം|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/news/world/2018/03/10/second-world-peace-summit-concludes-in-seol-korea.html|access-date=14 March 2018|work=ManoramaOnline}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=സോൾ സമാധാന സമ്മേളനം സമാപിച്ചു; സംവാദത്തിലൂടെ സമാധാനം -ബാൻ കി മൂൺ|url=http://www.malayalamnewsdaily.com/node/58386/international/seoul-peace-conference-concluded#.WqRdnde02lk.whatsapp|access-date=14 March 2018|work=Malalyalam News|date=10 March 2018}}</ref>
*Active collaborator of G20 Interfaith Forum<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.g20interfaith.org/historical-support/|title=Collaborating Institutions – G20 Interfaith Forum|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref>
* Lead the Indian delegation to the Vatican to attend the Interfaith meetings conducted by [[Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue|Pontifical Council for Inter religious Dialogue]] in September 2014.
* Advisor, Interfaith Harmony Seminar and Award Ceremony conducted in Malaysia on 1 March 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldinterfaithharmonyweek.com/category/news/|title=Pakistani professor gets King Abdullah II prize |date=23 March 2024 }}</ref>
* Special Observer in Global Moderates Movement Conference, Kuala Lampur, Malaysia in January 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/5539614|title=The experience of moderation in Malaysia: What is it exactly? |last1=Ab |first1=Shamsul }}</ref>

==Achievements==

*Hosted G20 Interfaith Summit Conference (South Asia)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/G20-South-Asian-conference-concludes/articleshow/53434325.cms|title=G20 South Asian conference concludes|date=July 28, 2016|first=Aswin J. |last=Kumar |website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/g20-interfaith-conference-urges-for-more-interfaith-dialogues-116072701590_1.html|title=G20 Interfaith Conference urges for more interfaith dialogues|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2016-07-27|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref>
* He has been leading India's largest Ramadan Peace Conference from 2000 onwards. The conference is held on the 26th day of Ramzan every year. The conference attracts hundreds of thousands of people from various parts of the globe. The main highlight of this conference is Pledge against Terrorism.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/madin-academy-to-host-ramzan-gathering/article27211393.ece|website=[[The Hindu]] |title=Madin Academy to host Ramzan gathering |date=22 May 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/thousands-take-pledge-against-terrorism-at-ramzan-prayer-meet/article19120276.ece|website=[[The Hindu]] |title=Thousands vow to fight terrorism at Ramzan prayer meet |date=21 June 2017 |last1=Naha |first1=Abdul Latheef }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/ramadan-kerala-gears-up-for-indias-largest-prayer-meet-170262-2013-07-14|title=Ramadan: Kerala gears up for India's largest prayer meet |date=14 July 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/kerala-city-gears-up-for-indias-largest-ramzan-prayer-meet-623588.html|title=Kerala city gears up for India's largest Ramzan prayer meet |date=14 July 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/mass-ramzan-prayer-meet-to-take-pledge-against-terrorism-113071400244_1.html|title=Mass Ramzan prayer meet to take pledge against terrorism |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=14 July 2013 |agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/kerala-muslim-leaders-step-up-campaign-to-stop-state-youths-from-joining-islamic-state-3724165.html|title=Kerala Muslim leaders step up campaign to stop state youths from joining Islamic State |date=20 June 2017 }}</ref>
* Planned and executed the Knowledge Hunt, an innovative learning programme which takes a group of researchers and scholars to various cultural and religious destinations of the globe. The programme covered China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Uzbekistan, Syria, Jordan, Palestine and Egypt.<ref>{{Citation|last=Al Malibari|title=Ebrahim Khaleel Thangal With Muhammad Yaqoobi|date=2014-01-21|url=https://archive.org/details/KHTHANGALYAQUBI|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Hnut|first=Ma'din Knowledge|title=View from Muhammed Ali Mosque|date=2010-12-24|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/knowledgehunt/5334888282/|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peacefromharmony.org/docs/Interfaith_and_Social_Harmony_of_Islamic_World.pdf|title=Interfaith and Social_l Harmony of Islamic World|website=Peace from Harmony|page=19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=İlkiliç|first=Prof Dr İLHAN|title=Symposium: Religion, Health and Well-Being|url=https://www.academia.edu/18465268|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.griffith.edu.au/community/centre-interfaith-cultural-dialogue/commonwealth-conference/speakers|title=Speakers|website=www.griffith.edu.au|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301071708/https://www.griffith.edu.au/community/centre-interfaith-cultural-dialogue/commonwealth-conference/speakers|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/dl_magazine/docs/dl-august_2014|title=digitalLEARNING August 2014|website=Issuu|date=20 August 2014|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13|archive-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818073607/https://issuu.com/dl_magazine/docs/dl-august_2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* '''An Interview with Sayyid Bukhari:''' {{Cite interview|title=Education for Equality|url=https://digitallearning.eletsonline.com/2014/08/education-for-equality/|access-date=1 September 2019|publisher=digitalLEARNING Network|date=20 August 2014}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.sayyidbukhari.info/ Official Website Sayyid Ibraheem Khaleel Al Bukhari]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bukhari, Sayyid Ibraheem Khaleel}}
[[Category:Indian Sufis]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Leaders of Samastha (AP Faction)]]

Tikota Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:02:37Z

RomanStrock4259: creating...

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Tikota
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur]]
| division = [[Belagavi division|Belagavi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency|Bijapur]]
| constituency_no = 220
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| abolished = 2008
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| electors =
}}
'''Tikota Assembly constituency''' was one of the constituencies in [[Karnataka]] state assembly in India until 2008 when it was made defunct. It was part of [[Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || rowspan="2" | Ambli Chanbasappa Jagdevappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || [[M. B. Patil|Patil Basanagouda Mallanagouda]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || V. S. Basalingayya
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || G. N. Patil || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Patil Badugouda Bapugouda || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan="4" | [[M. B. Patil|Patil Basanagouda Mallanagouda]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1990 elections in India#Karnataka|1990 By-election]]
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || rowspan="2" | [[Shivanand Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[M. B. Patil|Patil Basanagouda Mallanagouda]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Tikota <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. B. Patil|Patil Basanagouda Mallanagouda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 48,274 |percentage = 53.77% |change = {{increase}}8.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rudragoudar Mallangouda Sahebagouda |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 19,040 |percentage = 21.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Edave Jakkappa Subhan |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 8,645 |percentage = 9.63% |change = {{increase}}9.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Govind Ramachandra Shiroolkar |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 4,184 |percentage = 4.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Subhasagowda Siddanagowda Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,580 |percentage = 3.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Laxman Tatuba Jadhav |party = Urs Samyuktha Paksha |votes = 2,103 |percentage = 2.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Rajendra Goudar Rudragouda |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,598 |percentage = 1.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kalavatishankar Nayak |party = Independent politician |votes = 887 |percentage = 0.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Biradar Annappa Bhimappa |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 843 |percentage = 0.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 29,234 |percentage = 32.56% |change = {{increase}}24.51 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 89,998 |percentage = 58.06% |change = {{decrease}}10.94 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 89,778}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 155,003 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.94 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}0.60 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Tikota <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivanand Patil]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 49,080 |percentage = 53.17% |change = {{increase}}51.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. B. Patil|Patil Basanagouda Mallanagouda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 41,649 |percentage = 45.12% |change = {{increase}}12.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amani Pundalik Kiru |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 954 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,431 |percentage = 8.05% |change = {{decrease}}23.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 95,546 |percentage = 69.00% |change = {{increase}}2.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 92,312}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,180 |percentage = 3.33% |change = {{increase}}1.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 138,464 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.43 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{decrease}}10.81 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Tikota <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivanand Patil]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 50,679 |percentage = 63.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. B. Patil|Patil Basanagouda Mallanagouda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,897 |percentage = 32.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basavaraj Mukartihal |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 991 |percentage = 1.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hoonur Shivalingappa Shiddappa |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 892 |percentage = 1.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. Malleshi Limbaji |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 477 |percentage = 0.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,782 |percentage = 31.29% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 80,761 |percentage = 66.75% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 79,208}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,533 |percentage = 1.90% |change = }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,998 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 elections in India#Karnataka|1990 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Tikota <ref>{{cite web |url=https://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/9assemblymemberslist.htm |title=Nineth Karnataka Legislative Assembly |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=kla.kar.nic.in |publisher=[[]] |archive-date= 6 Apr 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406163649/https://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/9assemblymemberslist.htm}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. B. Patil|Patil Basanagouda Mallanagouda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = |percentage = |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}53.04 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Tikota <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. B. Patil|Patil Basanagouda Mallanagouda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 37,832 |percentage = 53.04% |change = {{increase}}4.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basanagouda Rudragouda Patil |party = Janata Dal |votes = 33,228 |percentage = 46.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,604 |percentage = 6.45% |change = {{increase}}4.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 74,001 |percentage = 67.95% |change = {{increase}}1.08 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 71,327}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,674 |percentage = 3.61% |change = {{increase}}1.60 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 108,902 |ref = |change = {{increase}}29.79 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}4.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Tikota <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. B. Patil|Patil Basanagouda Mallanagouda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,829 |percentage = 48.79% |change = {{decrease}}9.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basanagouda Rudragouda Patil |party = Janata Party |votes = 25,914 |percentage = 47.13% |change = {{increase}}9.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimsi Hanamant Kaledagt |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 1,374 |percentage = 2.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pattar Kasipati Kalappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 438 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 915 |percentage = 1.66% |change = {{decrease}}18.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 56,114 |percentage = 66.87% |change = {{increase}}1.50 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 54,987}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,127 |percentage = 2.01% |change = {{decrease}}0.62 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,909 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}9.52 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Tikota <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. B. Patil|Patil Basanagouda Mallanagouda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,884 |percentage = 58.31% |change = {{increase}}56.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kotihal Basagond Mallapapa |party = Janata Party |votes = 18,092 |percentage = 37.84% |change = {{decrease}}14.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jambigi Sanjivappa Yamanappa |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 633 |percentage = 1.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jamadar Gouspir Abbasaheb |party = Independent politician |votes = 619 |percentage = 1.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Godihal Ikatiyarrab Lalasab |party = Independent politician |votes = 345 |percentage = 0.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,792 |percentage = 20.48% |change = {{increase}}9.69 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,111 |percentage = 65.37% |change = {{increase}}4.94 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 47,817}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,294 |percentage = 2.63% |change = {{decrease}}1.03 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,122 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}6.24 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Tikota <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Badugouda Bapugouda |party = Janata Party |votes = 21,317 |percentage = 52.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivaram Adiveppa Jiddi |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 16,899 |percentage = 41.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tungal Badureddy Venkareddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,461 |percentage = 3.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mikihal Laxmikant Sidramappa |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 703 |percentage = 1.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lnininggond Siddappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 560 |percentage = 1.37% |change = {{decrease}}37.04 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,418 |percentage = 10.79% |change = {{decrease}}10.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 42,496 |percentage = 60.43% |change = {{increase}}4.76 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,940}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,556 |percentage = 3.66% |change = {{increase}}3.66 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,321 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.30 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |swing = {{decrease}}7.94 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Tikota <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = G. N. Patil |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 22,119 |percentage = 60.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivaram Adiveppa Jiddi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,156 |percentage = 38.41% |change = {{decrease}}31.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. G. Chandramappa |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 584 |percentage = 1.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,963 |percentage = 21.60% |change = {{decrease}}33.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 38,271 |percentage = 55.67% |change = {{increase}}12.81 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 36,859}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,741 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.61 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}9.55 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Tikota <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = V. S. Basalingayya |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,329 |percentage = 69.56% |change = {{decrease}}13.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. K. Upadhayaya |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 3,353 |percentage = 14.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. L. Poti |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,998 |percentage = 8.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. K. Sangappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,794 |percentage = 7.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,976 |percentage = 55.28% |change = {{decrease}}11.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 25,051 |percentage = 42.86% |change = {{decrease}}8.65 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 23,474}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,446 |ref = |change = {{increase}}18.67 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}13.66 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Tikota <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. B. Patil|Patil Basanagouda Mallanagouda]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,957 |percentage = 83.22% |change = {{increase}}22.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimangouda Gurupadappa Biradar |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 4,024 |percentage = 16.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,933 |percentage = 66.44% |change = {{increase}}44.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 25,368 |percentage = 51.51% |change = {{decrease}}1.37 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 23,981}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,249 |ref = |change = {{increase}}22.88 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}22.20 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Tikota <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ambli Chanbasappa Jagdevappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,933 |percentage = 61.02% |change = {{decrease}}1.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nagur Dr. Sardar Basavraj |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,262 |percentage = 38.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,671 |percentage = 22.04% |change = {{decrease}}13.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 21,195 |percentage = 52.88% |change = {{decrease}}8.46 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 21,195}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 40,080 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}26.84 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.59 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Tikota Bilgi <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Ambli Chanbasappa Jagdevappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,042 |percentage = 62.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Rayongouda Madwailappa |party = Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes = 9,001 |percentage = 26.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Basangauda Shivangauda |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,565 |percentage = 10.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,041 |percentage = 35.83% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 33,608 |percentage = 61.34% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 33,608}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,787 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{Coord|16.842262|75.520305|region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bijapur district, Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]

Darez Ahamed

2026-04-09T02:50:39Z

RomanStrock4259: started initial post w/ refs.

{{Short description|Indian Administrative Service officer}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Darez Ahamed
| term_start2 =
| successor2 =
| predecessor2 =
| office2 =
| honorific_suffix =
| occupation = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS Officer]];
[[Medical Doctor]]
| alma_mater = [[London School of Economics]]; [[Kasturba Medical College, Manipal|Kasturba Medical College]]; [[LBSNAA|LBSNAA, Mussourie]]
| birth_place = [[Manjeri]], [[Kerala]], India
| office = Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer
Guidance Tamil Nadu
Government of Tami Nadu, India
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1977|2|05}}
| term_start =
| term_end =
| successor =
| predecessor =
| caption =
| image =
| native_name_lang = Tamil
| native_name =
| term_end2 =
| term_start1 =
| office1 =
| successor1 =
| predecessor1 =
| term_end1 =
| 1namedata2 =
| 2blankname1 =
| minister1 =
| 1blankname1 =
| 1namedata1 =
| 1namedata =
| 1blankname2 =
| 1blankname =
| 2namedata1 =
}}
'''Darez Ahamed''' is an Indian doctor turned bureaucrat who joined the Indian Administrative Service in 2005. As of Feb 2025, he is currently serving as the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Guidance Tamil Nadu. Guidance Tamil Nadu is the nodal investment promotion agency of the Government of Tamil Nadu. Established in 1992, it plays a central role in attracting and supporting investments across sectors in the state of Tamil Nadu.He was honoured by Prime Minister for Excellence in Public Administration for the year 2012–13.<ref name="darpg.gov.in">{{Cite web |title=Awards |url=http://darpg.gov.in/sites/default/files/PM%20Awards%202012-2013_1.pdf |website=darpg.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="indianmandarins.com">{{cite web|title=Indian Mandarins is Exclusive News, Views and Analysis News portal on Indian bureaucracy, governance, PSUs and Corporate - It's India's fastest growing and acclaimed news portal on Indian bureaucracy, governance, PSUs and Corporate|url=http://indianmandarins.com/darez-ahamed-gets-pm-excellence-award-for-save-girl-child/.php|website=indianmandarins.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Sandhya|date=23 April 2015|title=Maradhi Manni: Perambalur Collector, Darez Ahmed, Another Sathyarthi In The Making?|url=https://maradhimanni.blogspot.com/2015/04/perambalur-collector-darez-ahmed.html}}</ref>

== Education ==
Ahamed was born on 2 February 1977 in [[Manjeri]], [[Kerala]]. He graduated in medicine at [[Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore]] and in 2005 joined the [[Indian Administrative Service]].<ref>{{cite web|title=IAS Officers' Civil List Information System|url=http://www.civillist.ias.nic.in/UpdateCL/DraftCL.asp|access-date=2017-04-26|archive-date=2017-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428065434/http://civillist.ias.nic.in/UpdateCL/DraftCL.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Career==
Ahamed got trained as Assistant Collector under Collector [[T. Udhayachandran]] in [[Madurai District]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Darez Ahamed Bio|url=https://supremo.nic.in/ERSheetHtml.aspx?OffIDErhtml=17052&PageId=}}</ref> During his training, he was involved in the conduct of [[Panchayati raj|Panchayat]] elections as Pappapatti and other villages,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine|title=India Today Magazine Issue - Dated January 7, 2019|website=www.indiatoday.in}}</ref> and contributed as a case study on good governance.<ref>[http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/728956136.pdf Indian Public Management Case Studies for Good Governance] ''B. Ashok, H.M. Mishra (editors)''</ref>

He served as Sub-Collector in [[Devakottai]] Sub-division of [[Sivaganga]] District, Additional Collector (Development) in [[Madurai district|Madurai]] and [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri Districts]], [[Commissioner|Joint Commissioner]] (Commercial Taxes) - Chennai North Division, and Deputy Commissioner (Works) of Chennai Corporation. In 2011 he became District Collector of [[Perambalur district]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/M-Karunakaran-is-Coimbatore-Collector-30-IAS-officers-transferred/articleshow/8671921.cms|title=M Karunakaran is Coimbatore Collector, 30 IAS officers transferred - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=June 2011 }}</ref> He took a number of initiatives to develop Perambalur District, which had been having a low and declining per capita income.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/concern-over-decline-in-per-capita-income-in-perambalur/article3561792.ece|title=Concern over decline in per capita income in Perambalur|date=23 June 2012|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/perambalur-collector-seeks-reclassification-on-groundwater/article5280082.ece|title=Perambalur Collector seeks reclassification on groundwater|date=28 October 2013|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Later he served as the Mission Director of the [[National Health Mission|National Health Mission Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|title=:: National Health Mission – Tamil Nadu|url=http://www.nrhmtn.gov.in/contactus.html|website=www.nrhmtn.gov.in|access-date=2017-04-26|archive-date=2017-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420034434/http://www.nrhmtn.gov.in/contactus.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Achievements==
Government of India nominated him to undergo special training in Urban Management the [[Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy]], [[National University of Singapore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.babusofindia.com/2011/03/dopt-nominates-26-officers-for-urban.html|title=DoPT nominates 26 officers for urban management programme in Singapore}}</ref> He was awarded the Indian Prime Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration for the year 2012-13 presented by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on the National Civil Services Day, 21 April 2015 for his work in combating female infanticide and improving sex ratio at birth.<ref name="darpg.gov.in"/><ref name="indianmandarins.com"/><ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/His-fight-against-girl-child-discrimination-won-him-award/articleshow/47021627.cms|title=His fight against girl child discrimination won him award - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=23 April 2015 }}</ref> His initiatives to combat child marriage drew criticism from certain Islamic political groups.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/tamil-nadu-ias-officer-warpath-stopping-17-yr-old-marriage-110973-2012-07-24|title=Tamil Nadu: Islamic outfits on warpath against IAS officer|first=MC|last=Rajan|date=July 24, 2012|website=India Today}}</ref> The children went on to continue their studies and performed well in the board exams.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://murugesansenthil.blogspot.com/2014/05/a-great-salute-to-perambalur-district.html|title=Senthil Kumar: A Great salute to Perambalur District Collector|date=15 May 2014}}</ref>

Earlier, his services had been recognized by the Government of Tamil Nadu with awards conferred by the then Chief Minister [[J.Jayalalithaa]] during the Collectors' Conferences 2012 and 2013 for Efficient Disposal of Chief Minister's Special Cell Petitions, and best performing Collector in the health sector (2012),<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/the-awards-were-given-at-the-conference-of-collectors-and-sps-collectors-win-awards/article4218526.ece|title=The awards were given at the conference of Collectors and SPs Collectors win awards|date=20 December 2012|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> and e-governance, and special initiatives for the differently-abled (2013) respectively.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/darez-ahamed-jayandhi-pick-up-top-prizes/article5458022.ece|title=Darez Ahamed, Jayandhi pick up top prizes|date=14 December 2013|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

He was recognized as a fearless and fair officer by [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] for his recruitment for government posts in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/fearless-five-set-example-collectors-defy-political-pressure-in-appointments/cid/400121|title=Fearless Five set example - Collectors defy political pressure in appointments|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Neeraj Mittal]]
* [[Civil Services of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahamed, Darez}}
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Government of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:District magistrate]]

Kurai Ondrum Illai

2026-04-06T15:06:25Z

RomanStrock4259: new some page basic info.

{{Short description|2014 Tamil-language film by Karthik Ravi}}
{{for|the song|Kurai Onrum Illai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kurai Ondrum Illai
| image = Kurai Ondrum Illai.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| native_name = 
| director = Karthik Ravi
| writer = Karthik Ravi
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = [[Geethan Britto|Geethan]] Haritha Parokod
| narrator =
| cinematography = Ashok Kumar I. M.
| editing = Vishwa N. M.
| music = Ramanu (Musicloudstudio & Technology)
| studio = Pathway Productions
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|10|10}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Kurai Ondrum Illai''''' ({{Translation|No grievances}}) is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Karthik Ravi and starring newcomers [[Geethan Britto|Geethan]] and Haritha Parokod.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Geethan Britto|Geethan]] as Krishna
*Haritha Parokod as Sandhya
*Shruti Pradeep as Krishna's mother
*Vinoth Sagar as Sandhya' father
*Vijayalakshmi as Sandhya's mother
*[[Amrutha Srinivasan]] as Deepika
*Muktha Nanjunda (Ajay Raj) as Saravanan
}}

== Production ==
The film was crowdfunded by sixty different investors and was in the making for three years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Udhav Naig |date=21 March 2013 |title=Shot Cuts: 60 friends fund a film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/shot-cuts-60-friends-fund-a-film/article4534090.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810092646/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/shot-cuts-60-friends-fund-a-film/article4534090.ece |archive-date=10 August 2022 |access-date=11 August 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2014 |title=Crowdfunded Tamil movie based on farming set to release |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/crowdfunded-tamil-movie-based-farming-set-release-17902 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822094239/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/crowdfunded-tamil-movie-based-farming-set-release-17902 |archive-date=22 August 2022 |access-date=11 August 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> It was shot in the villages of [[Kanyakumari]] and [[Tirunelveli]].<ref name="gulf">{{Cite web |last=Mythily Ramachandran |date=8 October 2014 |title=First crowd-funded Tamil film is ready |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/first-crowd-funded-tamil-film-is-ready-1.1395641 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810091138/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/first-crowd-funded-tamil-film-is-ready-1.1395641 |archive-date=10 August 2022 |access-date=11 August 2022 |website=[[Gulf News]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by Ramanu (Ramanujan MK) from Musicloudstudio & Technology.<ref name="gulf" /> [[Vijay Sethupathi]] and [[Balaji Mohan]] attended the film's audio launch in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kurai Ondrum Illai audio launched |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kurai-ondrum-illai-audio-launched/articleshow/17474068.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811043506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kurai-ondrum-illai-audio-launched/articleshow/17474068.cms |archive-date=2022-08-11 |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
*"Ellai Ilam Kizhiye" - [[Saindhavi]], Vaisakh Gopi
*"Kadhal Mazhyil" - [[Chinmayi Sripada]], Chorus: [[M. M. Manasi]], M. M. Monisha, Bhargavi
*"Killi Killi Pakkam"- [[Haricharan]], Archana Ravi (Manasa Holla)
*"Tholaiviniley" - [[Naresh Iyer]], Gurupriya
*"Kurai Ondrum Illai: Payanam" - Nivas
*"Kannan (Reprise)" - Vaisakh Gopi

== Reception ==
Manigandan K. R. of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a rating of three-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "A bunch of inexperienced youngsters come together to deliver a film that can so easily be cited as a fine example of responsible filmmaking".<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2014 |title=Kuraiondrumillai Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Kuraiondrumillai by The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kuraiondrumillai/movie-review/44781425.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' opined that "it’s a well-intentioned film, with the director making a sincere effort to strike away from the beaten path".<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2014 |title=Feel-good Flavour with Freshers as the Lead |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2014/oct/12/feel-good-flavour-with-freshers-as-the-lead-670776.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809230725/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2014/oct/12/Feel-good-Flavour-with-Freshers-as-the-Lead-670776.html |archive-date=9 August 2022 |access-date=11 August 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film did not do well at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mrinalini Sundar |title=I play a confused yet confident youngster |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-play-a-confused-yet-confident-youngster/articleshow/50931366.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822094244/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-play-a-confused-yet-confident-youngster/articleshow/50931366.cms |archive-date=2022-08-22 |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt4373978}}

[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Crowdfunded films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic drama films]]

Memu Saitham

2026-04-05T22:48:16Z

RomanStrock4259: added a stub!

{{Short description|Indian talk show}}
{{Use Indian English|date = December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| native_name = మేము సైతం
| runtime = approx. 40-45 minutes per episode
| related = [[Sun Naam Oruvar]] Sada Nimmondige
| last_aired = {{end date|2018|8|12|df=y}}
| first_aired = {{start date|2016|4|2|df=y}}
| network = [[Gemini TV]]
| company = Manchu Telefilms
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| image = Memu saitham title.jpeg
| location = [[Hyderabad]]
| producer = [[Lakshmi Manchu]]
| list_episodes =
| num_episodes = 66
| num_seasons = 2
| language = Telugu
| country = India
| presenter = [[Lakshmi Manchu]]
| genre = [[Reality television|Reality]] [[talk show]]
| caption = Season 2 poster
}}
'''''Memu Saitham''''' is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language reality social television [[talk show]] aired on [[Gemini TV]] presented by actress and producer [[Lakshmi Manchu]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/memu-saitham-2-is-my-most-satisfying-work-till-date-lakshmi-manchu/articleshow/62859785.cms|title=Memu Saitham 2 is my most satisfying work till date: Lakshmi Manchu - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05|last1=Yellapantula |first1=Suhas }}</ref> The show was produced by Manchu Telefilms. The main concept of this show was celebrities lending their hands to the people who are facing turmoil in their lives in order to help them.

==Concept==
The celebrities who are part of [[Telugu cinema|Tollywood]] turn themselves into the concept of being common men and women among the society in order to help the people who are facing turmoil in their lives. The celebrities help the needy people by earning money through the course of the show and bring confidence to the people by giving them that money.

==Overview==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Season
! No. of episodes
! Airing history
|-
|Season 1 ||39||2 April 2016 – 24 December 2016
|-
|Season 2<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/lakshmi-manchu-has-a-message-for-the-audience-ahead-of-memu-saitham-season-2-premiere/articleshow/62968805.cms|title=Lakshmi Manchu has a message for the audience ahead of Memu Saitham season 2 premiere - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05|last1=Yellapantula |first1=Suhas }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/lakshmi-manchu-begins-shoot-for-season-2-of-memu-saitham/articleshow/62775286.cms|title=Lakshmi Manchu begins shoot for season 2 of 'Memu Saitham' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05|last1=Yellapantula |first1=Suhas }}</ref>||27||11 February 2018 – 12 August 2018
|}

==Guests included==
===Season 1===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Episode
! Guest(s)
|-
|'''1''' (2 April 2016)||[[Rana Daggubati|Rana]] & Brahmani
|-
|'''2''' (9 April 2016)||[[Akhil Akkineni]]
|-
|'''3''' (16 April 2016)||[[Rakul Preet Singh|Rakul Preeth Singh]]
|-
|'''4''' (23 April 2016)||[[Mohan Babu]]
|-
|'''5''' (30 April 2016)||[[Tapsee Pannu]]
|-
|'''6''' (7 May 2016)||[[Regina Cassandra]]
|-
|'''7''' (14 May 2016)||[[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]]
|-
|'''8''' (21 May 2016)||[[Kajal Aggarwal|Kajal Agarwal]]
|-
|'''9''' (28 May 2016)||[[Ravi Teja|Ravi teja]]
|-
|'''10''' (4 June 2016)||[[Raashi Khanna|Rashi Khanna]]
|-
|'''11''' (11 June 2016)||[[Nani (actor)|Nani]]
|-
|'''12''' (18 June 2016)||[[Shriya Saran|Shreya Saran]]
|-
|'''13''' (25 June 2016)||[[Suma Kanakala]]
|-
|'''14''' (2 July 2016)||[[Allari Naresh]]
|-
|'''15''' (9 July 2016)||[[Ali (actor)|Ali]]
|-
|'''16''' (16 July 2016)||[[Posani Krishna Murali]]
|-
|'''17''' (23 July 2016)||[[Sundeep Kishan|Sandeep Kishan]] & [[Swathi Reddy|Swathi]]
|-
|'''18''' (30 July 2016)||[[Jaya Prada|Jayaprada]]
|-
|'''19''' (6 August 2016)||[[Vishnu Manchu|Manchu Vishnu]]
|-
|'''20''' (13 August 2016)||[[Lavanya Tripathi]]
|-
|'''21''' (20 August 2016)||[[Aadi (actor)|Aadi Saikumar]]
|-
|'''22''' (27 August 2016)||[[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]]
|-
|'''23''' (3 September 2016)||[[Manchu Manoj]]
|-
|'''24''' (10 September 2016)||[[Navdeep]] & [[Pragya Jaiswal]]
|-
|'''25''' (17 September 2016)||[[Raj Tarun]] & [[Nikhil Siddharth|Nikhil]]
|-
|'''26''' (24 September 2016)||[[Samantha Akkineni]]
|-
|'''27''' (1 October 2016)||[[Tanikella Bharani]]
|-
|'''28''' (8 October 2016)||[[Naga Chaitanya]]
|-
|'''29''' (15 October 2016)||[[Pranitha Subhash]]
|-
|'''30''' (22 October 2016)||[[Sai Dharam Tej]]
|-
|'''31''' (29 October 2016)||[[Charmy Kaur]]
|-
|'''32''' (5 November 2016)||[[Sumanth]]
|-
|'''33''' (12 November 2016)||[[Vijaya Nirmala]]
|-
|'''34''' (19 November 2016)||[[Sudheer Babu]]
|-
|'''35''' (26 November 2016)||[[Priyamani]]
|-
|'''36''' (3 December 2016)||[[Jayasudha]]
|-
|'''37''' (10 December 2016)||[[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]]
|-
|'''38''' (17 December 2016)||[[Koratala Siva]]
|-
|'''39''' (24 December 2016)||[[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]]
|}

===Season 2===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Episode
! Guest(s)
|-
|'''1''' (11 February 2018)||Success story of season 1
|-
|'''2''' (18 February 2018)||[[Anushka Shetty]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/anushka-shetty-to-feature-on-first-episode-of-memu-saitham-season-2/articleshow/62913237.cms|title=Anushka Shetty to feature on first episode of 'Memu Saitham' season 2 - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05|last1=Yellapantula |first1=Suhas }}</ref>
|-
|'''3''' (25 February 2018)||[[Rakul Preet Singh|Rakul Preeth Singh]]
|-
|'''4''' (4 March 2018)||[[Naga Shaurya]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/naga-shaurya-runs-a-salon-in-memu-saitham-season-2/articleshow/63146390.cms|title=Naga Shaurya runs a salon in Memu Saitham Season 2 - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05|last1=Yellapantula |first1=Suhas }}</ref>
|-
|'''5''' (11 March 2018)||[[Jayasudha]] & Naveen<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/jayasudha-and-nawin-vijay-kumar-to-feature-in-this-weeks-memu-saitham-episode/articleshow/63244026.cms|title=Jayasudha and Nawin Vijay Kumar to feature in this week's 'Memu Saitham' episode - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05|last1=Yellapantula |first1=Suhas }}</ref>
|-
|'''6''' (18 March 2018)||[[Catherine Tresa|Catherine Tressa]]
|-
|'''7''' (25 March 2018)||[[Hebah Patel]]
|-
|'''8''' (1 April 2018)||[[Boyapati Srinu]]
|-
|'''9''' (8 April 2018)||[[Allu Sirish]]
|-
|'''10''' (15 April 2018)||[[Mohan Babu]]
|-
|'''11''' (22 April 2018)||[[Nivetha Thomas]]
|-
|'''12''' (29 April 2018)||[[Keerthy Suresh]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/keerthy-suresh-shows-her-philanthropic-nature-in-memu-saitham/articleshow/63958558.cms|title=Keerthy Suresh shows her philanthropic nature in Memu Saitham - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05|last1=Yellapantula |first1=Suhas }}</ref>
|-
|'''13''' (6 May 2018)||[[Sundeep Kishan]]
|-
|'''14''' (13 May 2018)||[[Ram Charan|Ram charan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ram-charan-sells-buttermilk-lassi-juice-lakshmi-manchus-memu-saitham-photos-767889|title=Ram Charan sells buttermilk, lassi, juice for Lakshmi Manchu's Memu Saitham [Photos]|last=Hooli|first=Shekhar H.|date=2018-04-27|website=International Business Times, India Edition|language=english|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref>
|-
|'''15''' (20 May 2018)||[[Ritu Varma]] & [[Tharun Bhascker Dhaassyam|Tharun Bhaskar]]
|-
|'''16''' (27 May 2018)||[[Ritika Singh|Rithika singh]]
|-
|'''17''' (3 June 2018)||[[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]]
|-
|'''18''' (10 June 2018)||[[Nani (actor)|Nani]]
|-
|'''19''' (17 June 2018)||[[Suma Kanakala]] & [[Rajiv Kanakala|Rajeev Kanakala]]
|-
|'''20''' (24 June 2018)||[[Mehreen Pirzada|Mehreen Kaur]]
|-
|'''21''' (1 July 2018)||[[Renu Desai]]
|-
|'''22''' (8 July 2018)||[[Renuka Chowdhury|Renuka Chowdary]]
|-
|'''23''' (15 July 2018)||[[Shalini Pandey]]
|-
|'''24''' (22 July 2018)||[[Surbhi|Surabhi]]
|-
|'''25''' (29 July 2018)||[[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajashekar]] & [[Jeevitha]]
|-
|'''26''' (5 August 2018)||[[Seerat Kapoor|Seerath Kapoor]] & Siddhu
|-
|'''27''' (12 August 2018)||[[Tamannaah Bhatia]]
|}

==Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Language
! Title
! Host
! Network(s)
! Airing history
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]||''[[Sun Naam Oruvar]]''||[[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actor-vishals-new-tv-venture-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/66085393.cms|title=Actor Vishal's new TV venture to premiere soon - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref>||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]||7 October 2018 – 13 January 2019
|-
|[[Kannada]]||''Sada Nimmondige<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/lakshmi-turns-host-for-the-new-show-sada-nimmondige/articleshow/64569880.cms|title=Lakshmi turns host for the new show Sada Nimmondige - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref>''||[[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]||[[Udaya TV]]||15 July 2018 – 13 January 2019
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Indian television talk shows]]
[[Category:2016 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:2016 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Sun Gemini original programming]]
[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]

Farzand-i-Saadat-i-Nishan-i-Hazrat-i-Kaiser-i-Hind

2026-04-04T11:17:05Z

RomanStrock4259: started initial data basic info.

{{Short description|Indian princely title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}

'''Farzand-i-Saadat-i-Nishan-i-Hazrat-i-Kaiser-i-Hind''' ({{lit|A son emblematical of the good auspices of Her Majesty the [[Emperor of India|Empress of India]]}}) was a title in the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Roper |url=http://archive.org/details/goldenbookofindi00lethuoft |title=The golden book of India, a genealogical and biographical dictionary of the ruling princes, chiefs, nobles, and other personages, titled or decorated, of the Indian empire |date=1893 |publisher=London Macmillan |others=Robarts - University of Toronto |pages=xx}}</ref> It was used by the [[Raja]] of [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_Indica_Princely_States_in/K_YvAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely States in colonial India |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |pages=47 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
During the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]], Bikram Singh, the Raja of Faridkot, supported the British cause.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Solomon |first=R. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |last2=Bond |first2=J. W. |date=2006 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1965-4 |pages=546 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vadivelu |first=A. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Ruling_Chiefs_Nobles_and_Zamindars_o/LfoxAQAAMAAJ |title=The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles and Zamindars of India |date=1915 |publisher=G.C. Loganadham |pages=344 |language=en}}</ref> He aided the British by providing them a contingent of 250 horse and foot soldiers.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=India |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_collection_of_treaties_engagements_and/0qeuvY_CvaUC |title=A collection of treaties, engagements, and sunnuds relating to India and neighbouring countries, compiled by C.U. Aitchison, revised and continued by A.C. Talbot. [With] An index, compiled by M. Belletty. revised |date=1892 |pages=64 |language=en}}</ref> His troops were employed in the [[Kurram Valley]].<ref name=":2" /> In appreciation of this, the British Government conferred upon him this title on 1 January 1879 as a hereditary distinction.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35597 |title=Memoranda On The Indian States 1934 |date=1934 |pages=164}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia]]
* [[Farzand-i-Dilband Rasikh-al-Iqtidad-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia]]
* [[Farzand-i-Dilpazir-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia]]

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Maharajas]]
[[Category:Monarchy]]
[[Category:Royal titles]]
[[Category:Noble titles]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]

Narandevji

2026-03-29T21:07:09Z

RomanStrock4259: added a pg!

{{Short description|Maharana of Dharampur from 1860 to 1891}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Narandevji
| title = [[Maharana]] of [[Dharampur State|Dharampur]]
| succession = [[Maharana]] of [[Dharampur State|Dharampur]]
| reign = 20 January 1860 – 7 August 1891
| predecessor = Ramdevji
| successor = [[Mohandevji]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1840|09|03|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1891|08|07|1840|09|03|df=yes}}
| issue = {{ubl|Dharamdevji|[[Mohandevji]]|Baldevji|Prabhatdevji|[[Nand Kunverbaiji|Nand Kunverba]]}}
| full name = Narandevji II Ramdevji
| house = {{flagicon image|Drapeau_Dharampur.png}} [[Dharampur State|Dharampur]]
| father = Ramdevji
| dynasty = [[Sisodia dynasty|Sisodia]]
}}
'''Narandevji II Ramdevji''' was the [[Maharana]] of [[Dharampur State|Dharampur]] from 1860 until his death in 1891.
== Birth ==
He was born on 3 September 1840 to Ramdevji and his wife, the daughter of Gumansinhji, Maharawal of [[Chhota Udaipur State|Chhota Udaipur]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Sir Roper |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zykYAAAAYAAJ |title=The Golden Book of India. A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated, of the Indian Empire. With an Appendix for Ceylon |date=1900 |publisher=S. Low, Marston & Company |pages=63 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reign ==
He ascended the throne at the young age of 19 on 26 January 1860.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Wright |first=Arnold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oi0FXenezfkC |title=Indian States; a Biographical, Historical and Administrative Survey |date=1922 |publisher=Foreign and Colonial Compiling and Publishing Company |pages=675–678 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/aclarch0000269a296 |title=ACL-ARCH 00269 Indian Princes And The Crown |pages=176}}</ref> He was regarded as a very intelligent and capable ruler, and his rule was considered beneficent.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Dumasia |first=naorji M. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.127441 |title=Dharampur A Brief Sketch Of Its History And Administration |date=1928 |pages=1–2}}</ref> He made significant improvements in the administration of the state by introducing new and appropriate laws to improve people's lives.<ref name=":2" /> [[British government of India|British Government]] in 1862 granted him a sanad, giving him and his successors the right to adopt under Hindu law if there was no natural heir.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> He found the arrangement of auctioning the British share of transit duties in his state annually to the highest bidder distasteful.<ref name=":3" /> In 1869, he expressed a desire to take over its permanent management.<ref name=":3" /> He also offered to remit his dues on all through traffic with [[Khandesh]], provided the [[British government of India|British Government]] did the same.<ref name=":3" /> Besides that, he proposed to make his own arrangements for collecting import and export duties to encourage freedom of trade.<ref name=":3" /> The management was granted to him in 1870.<ref name=":3" /> In 1875, when [[Edward VII]] visited [[India]], he was one of the Indian rulers invited to [[Mumbai]] to meet him.<ref name=":2" /> There, he received a medal and a [[khalat]].<ref name=":2" /> He attended the [[Delhi Durbar|Delhi durbar]] of 1877, where he was presented with a banner bearing the state coat of arms<ref name=":4" /> and was granted a personal salute of nine guns, along with the style of [[Highness|His Highness]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> This salute of nine guns was made permanent in 1878.<ref name=":3" /> In 1890, his personal salute was increased to 11 guns.<ref name=":4" />

== Personal life ==
He married and had four sons: Dharamdevji, [[Mohandevji]], Baldevji, and Prabhatdevji.<ref name=":0" /> He also had several daughters, including [[Nand Kunverbaiji|Nand Kunverba]], who married [[Bhagvatsinhji]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83776 |title=Who's Who Among Indian Princes And Chiefs |date=1933 |pages=1128}}</ref>

== Death ==
He died on 7 August 1891 and was succeeded by his son [[Mohandevji]] as the [[Maharana]] of [[Dharampur State|Dharampur]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Dept |first=India Foreign and Political |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xz1eQIW2c9gC |title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads, Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries |date=1909 |publisher=Superintendent Government Printing, India |pages=95–96 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narandevji}}
[[Category:1840 births]]
[[Category:1891 deaths]]
[[Category:People from British India]]

Mota Kotarna

2026-03-21T21:11:45Z

RomanStrock4259: improved citations per standard format also and cleaned formatting for consistency

{{Short description|Village in Mehsana district, Gujarat, India}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}

'''Mota Kotarna''' is a village in the [[Mehsana district]] of [[Gujarat]] in western India.

== History ==
Princely state of Mota Kotarna was a Seventh Class [[taluka]] and princely state, also comprising two more villages. It was part of the [[Gadhwara]] ''[[Princely states|thana]]'' in [[Mahi Kantha]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 17, page 14 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_020.gif|access-date=2021-12-06|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref>

It had a combined population of 829 in 1901, yielding a state revenue of 576 Rupees (1903-4, mostly from land) and contributing to the tributes due by [[Satlasna]] and [[Bhalusna]], to both of which [[taluka]]s Mota Kotarna was subordinated, to the Gaekwar [[Baroda State]] viz. to [[Idar State]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Sources and external links ==
*[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_020.gif Imperial Gazetteer, on dsal.uchicago.edu - Mahi Kantha]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=_r4MAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA429 Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency ..., Volume 5]

{{Princely states of the Western India States Agency}}

[[Category:Villages in Mehsana district]]
[[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]]

{{Mehsana-geo-stub}}
{{Gujarat-PrincelyState-stub}}

Sino-Indian War

2026-03-15T19:15:19Z

RomanStrock4259: cleanup citations per standard format and added references per sources

{{short description|1962 war between China and India}}
{{Redirect2|Indo-Chinese War|Indo-China War 1962|Indochina Wars (the war in the area named Indochina)|Indochina Wars|clashes on the Sino-Indian border in 1967|Nathu La and Cho La clashes|the recent border dispute between China and India|2020–2021 China–India skirmishes}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date= June 2016}}
{{Too few opinions|discuss= Talk:Sino-Indian War#Sources|date= September 2017}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Sino–Indian War
| image = Indian soldiers on patrol during the 1962 Sino-Indian border war.jpg
| image_size = 285px
| caption = Indian soldiers patrolling [[Spanggur Tso]] at the Sino–Indian border in January 1962
| partof = [[Sino-Indian border dispute]]
| date = 20 October – 21 November 1962 ({{Age in months, weeks and days|year1= 1962|month1= 10|day1= 20|year2= 1962|month2= 11|day2= 21}})
| place = [[Aksai Chin]], [[North-East Frontier Agency]], and [[Assam]]
| result = Chinese victory
| territory = ''[[Status quo ante bellum]]''
| combatant1 = {{flag|China}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|India}}
| commander1 = [[Mao Zedong]] [[Zhou Enlai]]
| commander2 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] [[V. K. Krishna Menon]] [[Brij Mohan Kaul]]
| strength1 = 80,000<ref>{{cite book|first= Eric S. |last=Margolis|title= War at the Top of the World: The Struggle for Afghanistan, Kashmir and Tibet|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PLRslDyjJHAC&pg=PA288|year= 2002|publisher= Taylor & Francis|isbn= 978-0-415-93468-8|page= 288|access-date= 11 March 2019|archive-date= 18 July 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190718183007/https://books.google.com/books?id=PLRslDyjJHAC&pg=PA288|url-status= live}}</ref>
| strength2 = 22,000<ref>{{cite book|author= 刘振起|title= 毛泽东精神|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qdiWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT121|year= 2017|publisher= 中国民主法制出版社|isbn= 978-7516214862|page= 121|access-date= 7 June 2020|archive-date= 3 August 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200803005048/https://books.google.com/books?id=qdiWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT121|url-status= live}}</ref>
| casualties1 = '''Chinese figures:'''<ref name=Wortzel /><ref name="Feng Wortzel">{{cite book |last1=Feng |first1=Cheng |last2=Wortzel |first2=Larry M. |chapter=PLA Operational Principles and Limited War |editor1-first=Mark A. |editor1-last=Ryan |editor2-first=David Michael |editor2-last=Finkelstein |editor3-first=Michael A. |editor3-last=McDevitt |title=Chinese warfighting: The PLA experience since 1949 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsoDGLNmU30C&pg=PA188 |access-date=14 April 2011 |year=2003 |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |isbn=978-0-7656-1087-4 |pages=188– |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107001535/https://books.google.com/books?id=PsoDGLNmU30C&pg=PA188%20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*722 killed
*1,697 wounded
'''Indian claims''':<ref name="The Indian Express">{{cite news |first=Shekhar |last=Gupta |title='Nobody believed we had killed so many Chinese at Rezang La. Our commander called me crazy and warned that I could be court-martialed' |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=30 October 2012 |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/-nobody-believed-we-had-killed-so-many-chinese-at-rezang-la.-our-commander-called-me-crazy-and-warned-that-i-could-be-courtmartialled-/1023745/0 |access-date=15 June 2021 |archive-date=9 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409122101/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/-nobody-believed-we-had-killed-so-many-chinese-at-rezang-la.-our-commander-called-me-crazy-and-warned-that-i-could-be-courtmartialled-/1023745/0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*1,300 killed (in [[Battle of Rezang La|Rezang La]])
| casualties2 = '''Indian figures:'''<ref>{{harvnb|Wortzel|2003|pp=340–341}}. The source says Indian wounded were 1,047 and attributes it to Indian Defence Ministry's 1965 report, but this report also included a lower estimate of killed.</ref><ref name="Kargil from Surprise to Victory">{{Cite book |title=Kargil from Surprise to Victory |last=Malik |first=V. P. |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India |year=2010 |isbn=978-9350293133 |edition=paperback |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQqulQ9BvNQC |at=p. 343, note 134 |access-date=25 June 2020 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806000323/https://books.google.com/books?id=VQqulQ9BvNQC |url-status=live }}</ref>
*1,383 killed
*1,696 missing
*548–1,047 wounded
*3,968 captured
'''Chinese sources:'''<ref name="Wortzel" />
*4,897 killed or wounded
*3,968 captured
| notes =
}}
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}

The '''Sino-Indian War''', also known as the '''China–India War''' or the '''Indo-China War''', was an armed conflict between [[China]] and [[India]] that took place from October to November 1962. It was a military escalation of the [[Sino-Indian border dispute]]. Fighting occurred along India's border with China, in India's [[North-East Frontier Agency]] east of [[Bhutan]], and in [[Aksai Chin]] west of [[Nepal]].

There had been a series of border skirmishes between the two countries after the [[1959 Tibetan uprising]], when India granted asylum to the [[14th Dalai Lama|Dalai Lama]]. Chinese military action grew increasingly aggressive after India rejected proposed Chinese diplomatic settlements throughout 1960–1962, with China resuming previously banned "forward patrols" in [[Ladakh]] after 30 April 1962.<ref name="Tonder">{{cite book |last1=Van Tonder |first1=Gerry |title=Sino-Indian War: Border Clash: October–November 1962 |date=2018 |publisher=Pen and Sword Military |isbn=978-1-5267-2838-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrTNDwAAQBAJ&q=sino-indian+war+patrols+at+Ladakh+april+30+1962&pg=PT12 |access-date=1 October 2020 |archive-date=25 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625205658/https://books.google.com/books?id=JrTNDwAAQBAJ&q=sino-indian+war+patrols+at+Ladakh+april+30+1962&pg=PT12 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hoffman |first1=Steven A. |title=India and the China Crisis |date=1990 |publisher=University of California Press |pages=103–104 |isbn=978-0-520-30172-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_bjADwAAQBAJ&q=chinese+army+patrols+ladakh+april+1962&pg=PA103 |access-date=1 October 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009120905/https://books.google.com/books?id=_bjADwAAQBAJ&q=chinese%2Barmy%2Bpatrols%2Bladakh%2Bapril%2B1962&pg=PA103 |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]], seeing that the U.S. was pre-occupied with dealing with it, China abandoned all attempts towards a peaceful resolution on 20 October 1962,<ref name="webster_chronological_dates">''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English language: Chronology of Major Dates in History'', p. 1686. Dilithium Press, 1989</ref> invading disputed territory along the {{convert|3,225|km|mi|adj=on}} border in Ladakh and across the [[McMahon Line]] in the northeastern frontier.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-10 |title=Sino-Indian War {{!}} Causes, Summary, & Casualties {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sino-Indian-War |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Chinese troops pushed Indian forces back in both theatres, capturing all of their claimed territory in the western theatre and the [[Tawang|Tawang Tract]] in the eastern theatre. The conflict ended when China unilaterally declared a ceasefire on 20 November 1962, which can be attributed to the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis and fears of U.S. intervention to support India, and simultaneously announced its withdrawal to its pre-war position, the effective China–India border (also known as the [[Line of Actual Control]]).

Much of the fighting comprised [[mountain warfare]], entailing large-scale combat at altitudes of over {{convert|4,000|m|ft|abbr=off}}.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} Notably, the war took place entirely on land, without the use of naval or air assets by either side.

As the [[Sino-Soviet split]] deepened, the [[Soviet Union]] made a major effort to support India, especially with the sale of advanced [[Mikoyan|MiG]] fighter aircraft. Simultaneously, the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]] refused to sell advanced weaponry to India, further compelling it to turn to the Soviets for military aid.<ref>{{cite journal |first=P. R. |last=Chari |title=Indo-Soviet Military Cooperation: A Review |journal=Asian Survey |volume=19 |issue=3 |date=March 1979 |pages=230–244 |doi=10.2307/2643691 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2643691 |jstor=2643691 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404140002/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2643691 |archive-date=4 April 2020 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=Shri Ram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vTEge1JWK8oC&q=Soviet%20union%20arms%20India&pg=PA53|title=India-USSR Relations, 1947–1971: From Ambivalence to Steadfastness|publisher=Discovery |year=1999|isbn=978-81-7141-486-4|location=New Delhi|pages=52–59|language=en|access-date=16 February 2021|archive-date=9 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009120906/https://books.google.com/books?id=vTEge1JWK8oC&q=Soviet%20union%20arms%20India&pg=PA53|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Location ==

China and India shared a long border, sectioned into three stretches by [[Kingdom of Nepal|Nepal]], [[Kingdom of Sikkim|Sikkim]] (then an Indian [[protectorate]]), and [[Bhutan]], which follows the [[Himalayas]] between [[Burma]] and what was then [[West Pakistan]]. A number of disputed regions lie along this border. At its western end is the [[Aksai Chin]] region, an area the size of [[Switzerland]], that sits between the Chinese autonomous region of [[Xinjiang]] and [[Tibet]], which China declared as an autonomous region in 1965. The eastern border, between Burma and Bhutan, comprises the present Indian state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]], formerly the [[North East Frontier Agency|North-East Frontier Agency]]. Both of these regions were overrun by China in the 1962 conflict.

Most combat took place at high elevations. The Aksai Chin region is a desert of salt flats around {{convert|5,000|m|ft|abbr=off}} above sea level, and Arunachal Pradesh is mountainous with a number of peaks exceeding {{convert|7,000|m|ft|abbr=off}}. The [[People's Liberation Army Ground Force|Chinese Army]] had possession of one of the highest ridges in the region. The high altitude and freezing conditions caused logistical and welfare difficulties. In past similar conflicts, such as the [[Italian Campaign (World War I)|Italian Campaign]] of [[World War I]], harsh conditions have caused more casualties than have enemy actions. The Sino-Indian War was no different, with many troops on both sides succumbing to the freezing cold temperatures.<ref name="Chushul" />

<gallery>
File:British Indian Empire 1909 Imperial Gazetteer of India.jpg|A pre-Simla British map published in 1909 shows the so-called "Outer Line" as India's northern boundary.
File:Postal Map of China ,1917.jpg|A postal map of China, published by the Government of China, 1917
</gallery>

== Background ==
{{Main|China–India relations|Sino-Indian border dispute}}

The main cause of the war was a dispute over the [[sovereignty]] of the widely separated Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh border regions. Aksai Chin, claimed by India to belong to [[Ladakh]] and by China to be part of Xinjiang, contains an important road link that connects the Chinese regions of Tibet and Xinjiang. China's construction of this road was one of the triggers of the conflict.

=== Aksai Chin ===
{{Main|Aksai Chin}}
[[File:Kashmir map big.jpg|thumb|left|Traditional borders of Jammu and Kashmir (CIA map). The northern boundary is along the Karakash valley. Aksai Chin is the shaded region in the east.]]
[[File:Hindutagh-pass-aksai-chin-center2-1873.jpg|thumb|right|1878 British map, with trade routes between Ladakh and Tarim Basin marked. The border preferred by British Indian Empire, shown in two-toned purple and pink, included the [[Aksai Chin]] and narrowed down to the [[Yarkand River]].]]
The western portion of the Sino-Indian boundary originated in 1834, with the conquest of Ladakh by the armies of Raja [[Gulab Singh]] (Dogra) under the suzerainty of the [[Sikh Empire]]. Following an [[Sino-Sikh War|unsuccessful campaign]] into Tibet, Gulab Singh and the Tibetans signed a [[Treaty of Chushul|treaty in 1842]] agreeing to stick to the "old, established frontiers", which were left unspecified.{{sfn|Maxwell, India's China War|1970|p=24}}<ref name="Rubin">The Sino-Indian Border Disputes, by Alfred P. Rubin, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 9, No. 1. (Jan. 1960), pp. 96–125, {{JSTOR|756256}}.</ref> The [[First Anglo-Sikh War|British defeat of the Sikhs in 1846]] resulted in the transfer of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] region including Ladakh to the British, who then installed Gulab Singh as the Maharaja under their suzerainty. British commissioners contacted Chinese officials to negotiate the border, who did not show any interest.{{sfn|Maxwell, India's China War|1970|p=25–26}} The British boundary commissioners fixed the southern end of the boundary at [[Pangong Lake]], but regarded the area north of it till the [[Karakoram Pass]] as ''[[terra incognita]]''.{{sfn|Maxwell, India's China War|1970|p=26}}

The Maharaja of Kashmir and his officials were keenly aware of the trade routes from Ladakh. Starting from [[Leh]], there were two main routes into Central Asia: one passed through the Karakoram Pass to [[Shahidulla]] at the foot of the [[Kunlun Mountains]] and went on to [[Yarkant County|Yarkand]] through the Kilian and Sanju passes; the other went east via the [[Chang Chenmo Valley]], passed the Lingzi Tang Plains in the Aksai Chin region, and followed the course of the [[Karakash River]] to join the first route at Shahidulla.{{sfn|Warikoo, India's gateway to Central Asia|2009|pp=1–2}} The Maharaja regarded Shahidulla as his northern outpost, in effect treating the Kunlun mountains as the boundary of his domains. His British suzerains were sceptical of such an extended boundary because Shahidulla was {{convert|79|mi}} away from the Karakoram Pass and the intervening area was uninhabited. Nevertheless, the Maharaja was allowed to treat Shahidulla as his outpost for more than 20 years.<ref>{{harvp|Mehra, An "agreed" frontier|1992|p=57}}: "Shahidulla was occupied by the Dogras almost from the time they conquered Ladakh."</ref>{{efn|{{harvp|Noorani, India–China Boundary Problem|2010|p=48}} quotes a report by [[Ney Elias]] in 1885: "He [the Wazir] wants the Maharaja to re-occupy Shahidulla in the Karakash valley. Previous to the rebellions in Eastern Turkistan which broke up Chinese rule there in 1863, the Kashmiris had occupied Shahidulla for nearly 20 years. About 1865 they abandoned it, and in 1868 Shaw and Hayward found it occupied by the Andijani (Kokandi) troops of the late Amir Yakub Beg. In 1873–74 Sir D. Forsyth recognised the Amir's ownership, and recommended the Maharaja's boundary to be drawn to the north of the Karakash valley as shown in the map accompanying the mission report. This I believe has never been accepted by Kashmir, and the boundary has been left an open question."}}{{efn|{{harvp|Noorani, India–China Boundary Problem|2010|p=48, 83}}: An India Office (London) memorandum in 1893 stated: "Shahidulla has hitherto been regarded as the frontier post on the road from Leh to Yarkand. Lord Kimberley the secretary of state would suggest that the Chinese Government at Peking ... should be intimated...that the Indian authorities, acting on behalf of the Kashmir State, will gladly co-operate with the Chinese authorities in Kashgaria in determining the frontier on the road from Leh to Kashgar. Her Majesty's Government would, however, demur to any attempt being made by the Kashgarian officials to fix the boundary of the Ladakh State on this road without their previous concurrence being obtained."}}

[[File:Johnson-journey-ilchi1865-mapa.jpg|thumb|left|[[William Johnson (surveyor)|W. H. Johnson's]] route to [[Khotan]] and back (1865). Johnson's proposed boundary ran along the "northern branch" of the Kunlun Mountains. (Its curvature is exaggerated.)]]
[[File:Hung Ta-Chen's Map.jpg|thumb|right|The map of Hung Ta-chen handed to the British consul at Kashgar in 1893. The boundary, marked with a thin dot-dashed line, agrees with the 1878 British map.]]
Chinese Turkestan regarded the "northern branch" of the Kunlun range with the Kilian and Sanju passes as its southern boundary. Thus the Maharaja's claim was uncontested.<ref>{{harvp|Mehra, An "agreed" frontier|1992|p=57}}: "The southern frontier of Chinese Turkestan was similarly undefined... the Chinese 'considered the Kuen-lun mountains (i.e. the branch of them over which are the Kilian and Sanju passes) as their frontier'..."</ref>{{efn|{{harvp|Noorani, India–China Boundary Problem|2010|p=58}} quotes Captain [[Francis Younghusband|Younghusband]]'s report of 1889: "In the former Chinese occupation the Kuen-Lun Mountains (that is the branch of them over which are the Kilian and Sanju Passes) were always recognised as the frontier, and the country to the south belonged to no one in particular. When the Chinese revolt took place and they were driven from Yarkand, the Kashmir State sent a detachment of troops to Shahidullah and built a fort there. Yakub Beg when he came into power at Yarkand sent some troops, who built a fort at Ali Nazar on the Karakash River at the junction of the roads from the Kilian and Sanju Passes. Shortly afterwards the Kashmiris evacuated the Shahidullah fort after occupying it for about three years, and the Andijanis then took possession of it and occupied it till Yakub Beg's death."}} After the 1862 [[Dungan Revolt (1862–77)|Dungan Revolt]], which saw the expulsion of the Chinese from Turkestan, the Maharaja of Kashmir constructed a small fort at Shahidulla in 1864. The fort was most likely supplied from [[Khotan]], whose ruler was now independent and on friendly terms with Kashmir. When the Khotanese ruler was deposed by the Kashgaria strongman [[Yakub Beg of Yettishar|Yakub Beg]], the Maharaja was forced to abandon his post in 1867. It was then occupied by Yakub Beg's forces until the end of the Dungan Revolt.<ref>{{harvnb|Mehra, An "agreed" frontier|1992|p=48}}; {{harvnb|Van Eekelen, Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute|2013|p=160}}; {{harvnb|Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground|1963|p=65}}; {{harvnb|Palit, War in High Himalaya|1991|p=29}}</ref>

In the intervening period, [[William Johnson (surveyor)|W. H. Johnson]] of [[Survey of India]] was commissioned to survey the Aksai Chin region. While in the course of his work, he was "invited" by the Khotanese ruler to visit his capital. After returning, Johnson noted that Khotan's border was at Brinjga, in the Kunlun mountains, and the entire Karakash Valley was within the territory of Kashmir. The boundary of Kashmir that he drew, stretching from Sanju Pass to the [[Lanak La|eastern edge of Chang Chenmo Valley]] along the Kunlun mountains, is referred to as the "[[Johnson Line (boundary)|Johnson Line]]" (or "Ardagh-Johnson Line").{{sfn|Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground|1963|p=116}}{{efn|Some commentators state that Johnson's work was "severely criticised" as inaccurate. His boundary line was described as "patently absurd", and extending further north than the Indian claim. Johnson is said to have been reprimanded by the British Government for crossing into Khotan without permission and he resigned from the Survey.<ref name="Noorani" /> Others state that Johnson's bold explorations were highly commended, and he was rehired a year later at a higher salary. The "invitation" from the Khotanese ruler was likely a forcible removal, and the ruler was merely seeking British help in warding off Yakub Beg and the Russian Empire.{{sfn|Mehra, John Lall (Book review)|1991|p=149}}}}

After the Chinese reconquered Turkestan in 1878, renaming it Xinjiang, they again reverted to their traditional boundary. By now, the Russian Empire was entrenched in Central Asia, and the British were anxious to avoid a common border with the Russians. After creating the [[Wakhan corridor]] as the buffer in the northwest of Kashmir, they wanted the Chinese to fill out the "no man's land" between the Karakoram and Kunlun ranges. Under British (and possibly Russian) encouragement, the Chinese occupied the area up to the [[Yarkand River]] valley (called [[Raskam]]), including Shahidulla, by 1890.{{sfn|Noorani, India–China Boundary Problem|2010|pp=65–66}} They also erected a boundary pillar at the Karakoram pass by about 1892.<ref>{{harvp|Noorani, India–China Boundary Problem|2010|p=73}}; {{harvp|Mehra, An "agreed" frontier|1992|p=63}}</ref> These efforts appear half-hearted. A map provided by Hung Ta-chen, a senior Chinese official at [[St. Petersburgh]], in 1893 showed the boundary of Xinjiang up to Raskam. In the east, it was similar to the Johnson line, placing Aksai Chin in Kashmir territory.<ref>{{harvp|Woodman, Himalayan Frontiers|1970|pp=73, 78}}: "Clarke added that a Chinese map drawn by Hung Ta-chen, Minister in St. Petersburg, confirmed the Johnson alignment showing West Aksai Chin as within British (Kashmir) territory."</ref>

By 1892, the British settled on the policy that their preferred boundary for Kashmir was the "Indus watershed", i.e., the water-parting from which waters flow into the Indus river system on one side and into the Tarim basin on the other. In the north, this water-parting was along the Karakoram range. In the east, it was more complicated because the [[Chip Chap River]], [[Galwan River]] and the [[Chang Chenmo River]] flow into the Indus whereas the Karakash River flows into the Tarim basin.{{sfn|Noorani, India–China Boundary Problem|2010|pp=52–53, 60, 69, 72}} A boundary alignment along this water-parting was defined by the Viceroy [[Lord Elgin]] and communicated to London. The British government in due course proposed it to China via its envoy Sir [[Claude MacDonald]] in 1899. This boundary, which came to be called the [[Macartney–MacDonald Line]], ceded to China the Aksai Chin plains in the northeast, and the [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]] in the north. In return, the British wanted China to cede its 'shadowy suzerainty' on [[Hunza (princely state)|Hunza]].{{sfn|Noorani, India–China Boundary Problem|2010|pp=114–115}}{{efn|The so-called Macartney-MacDonald proposal was precipitated by the crisis over [[Hunza (princely state)|Hunza]], which was theoretically a vassal state of both China and Kashmir. In 1890, the British invaded Hunza and replaced its ruler, and the Chinese remonstrated. The British wanted the Chinese to cede their suzerainty over Hunza and yet grant rights to cultivate lands outside its boundary. In return for this largesse, they were prepared to cede the Aksai Chin plains, but not Lingzi Tang plains, to China. Scholar Parshotam Mehra has termed it a 'barter'.<ref>{{harvp|Mehra, An "agreed" frontier|1992|p=160}}; {{harvp|Palit, War in High Himalaya|1991|pp=32–33}}; {{harvp|Van Eekelen, Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute|2013|p=9}}; {{harvp|Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground|1963|p=69}}</ref>}}

Following the [[Xinhai Revolution]] in 1911 which resulted in power shifts in China, the [[Russian Revolution|fall of Tzarist Russia]] in 1917 and the end of World War I in 1918, the British officially used the Johnson Line but had lost the urgency to enforce this boundary. They took no steps to establish outposts or assert control on the ground.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Banerjee |first=Mayuri |date=2022-06-26 |title=Sino-Indian Border Dispute: A Brief Introduction |url=https://www.e-ir.info/2022/06/26/sino-indian-border-dispute-a-brief-introduction/ |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=E-International Relations |language=en-US}}</ref> According to [[Neville Maxwell]], the British had used as many as 11 different boundary lines in the region, as their claims shifted with the political situation.<ref name="The Un-Negotiated Dispute">{{citation |first=Neville |last=Maxwell |title=China and India: The Un-Negotiated Dispute |jstor=652082 |journal=The China Quarterly |pages=47–80 |number=43 |date=July–September 1970 |volume=43 |doi=10.1017/S030574100004474X |s2cid=154434828 }}</ref> From 1917 to 1933, the "Postal Atlas of China", published by the Government of China in Peking had shown the boundary in Aksai Chin as per the Johnson line, which runs along the [[Kunlun Mountains]].{{sfn|Woodman, Himalayan Frontiers|1970}}<ref name=middlepath /> The "Peking University Atlas", published in 1925, also put the Aksai Chin in India.{{sfn|Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground|1963|p=101}}

The use of Johnson line or Macartney-MacDonald line was neglected by the colonial administrators and by 1947, when India gained [[Indian independence movement|independence]], the British left the government of India with high ambiguity about the settled border to the North. The Indian government choose to lay claim to Aksai Chin after 1947.<ref name=":1" /> On 1 July 1954, India's first Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] definitively stated the Indian position,<ref name="Noorani">{{Cite news |last=Noorani |first=A.G. |date=30 August – 12 September 2003 |title=Fact of History |magazine=Frontline |volume=26 |issue=18 |publisher=The Hindu group |location=Madras |access-date=24 August 2011 |url=http://frontlineonnet.com/fl2018/stories/20030912002104800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111002095213/http://frontlineonnet.com/fl2018/stories/20030912002104800.htm |archive-date=2 October 2011}}</ref> claiming that Aksai Chin had been part of the Indian Ladakh region for centuries, and that the border (as defined by the Johnson Line) was non-negotiable.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell">{{cite book |title=India's China War |last=Maxwell |first=Neville |author-link=Neville Maxwell |year=1970 |publisher=Pantheon |location=New York |isbn=978-0-224-61887-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/indiaschinawar0000maxw |url-access=registration }}</ref> According to [[George N. Patterson]], when the Indian government finally produced a report detailing the alleged proof of India's claims to the disputed area, "the quality of the Indian evidence was very poor, including some very dubious sources indeed".<ref name="Patterson">George W. Patterson, Peking Versus Delhi, Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., 1963</ref>{{rp|275}}

In 1956–57, China constructed a road through Aksai Chin, connecting Xinjiang and Tibet, which ran south of the Johnson Line in many places.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /> Aksai Chin was easily accessible to the Chinese, but access from India, which meant negotiating the Karakoram mountains, was much more difficult.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /> The road came on Chinese maps published in 1958.<ref name=Garver>{{citation |last= Garver |first= John W. |chapter= China's Decision for War with India in 1962 |editor= Robert S. Ross |title= New Directions in the Study of China's Foreign Policy |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DCihrQEdPzAC |chapter-url= http://indianstrategicknowledgeonline.com/web/china%20decision%20for%201962%20war%202003.pdf |year= 2006 |publisher= Stanford University Press |isbn= 978-0-8047-5363-0 |pages= 86– |access-date= 27 August 2017 |archive-date= 28 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170828015135/https://books.google.com/books?id=DCihrQEdPzAC |url-status= live }}</ref>

=== The McMahon Line ===
{{Main|McMahon Line|Simla Accord (1914)}}
[[File:China India eastern border 88.jpg|thumb|right|The McMahon Line is the red line marking the northern boundary of the disputed area.]]

In 1826, British India gained a common border with Tibet after the British wrested control of [[Manipur]] and [[Assam]] from the [[Konbaung dynasty|Burmese]], following the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]] of 1824–1826.<ref name="app-237">{{cite book |last=Phayre |first=Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. |title=History of Burma |publisher=Sunil Gupta |year=1967 |edition=2nd |location=London |pages=236–237}}</ref><ref name="mha-214">{{cite book |author=Maung Htin Aung |author-link=Htin Aung |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofburma00htin |title=A History of Burma |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1967 |location=New York and London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofburma00htin/page/212 212], 214–215 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=said |first=KP Dilip on |date=2021-07-07 |title=Saving Tawang: How the Tawang Tract was saved for India |url=https://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/saving-tawang-how-the-tawang-tract-was-saved-for-india/ |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Indian Defence Review |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1847, Major J. Jenkins, agent for the North East Frontier, reported that the Tawang was part of Tibet. In 1872, four monastic officials from Tibet arrived in Tawang and supervised a boundary settlement with Major R. Graham, [[North-East Frontier Agency|NEFA]] official, which included the Tawang Tract as part of Tibet.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} In 1873, the British drew an "Inner Line" as an administrative line to inhibit their subjects from encroaching into the tribal territory within its control.<ref>{{harvp|Banerji, Borders|2007|p=198}}: ".. with the growth of commercial interests (mainly tea plantation and Umber), in the second half of the nineteenth century, the British Government became apprehensive of uncontrolled expansion of commercial activities by British merchants, because that could bring them into conflict with the tribal people. To prevent that possibility, the government decided, in 1873, to draw a line—the 'Inner Line'—that could not be crossed without a proper permit."</ref><ref>{{harvp|Lin|2004|p=26}}: "The tribal peoples, notably the Abors, Daflas, Mishmis, Monpas, Akas and Miris, apart from some occasional episodes of subordination to Assam or Tibet, were for all practical purposes independent."</ref> The British boundary, also called the "Outer Line", was defined to mark the limits of British jurisdiction. But it was not significantly different from the Inner Line in this region.<ref>{{harvp|Lamb|1966|pp=313–315}}: "It [the Outer Line] followed the line of 'the foot of the hills' a few miles to the north of what became the course of the Inner Line."</ref>

By 1873, it was clear that the British treated the Tawang Tract as part of Tibet.<ref name=":2" /> This boundary was confirmed in a 1 June 1912 note from the British General Staff in India.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tenpa |first=Lobsang |date=2014 |title=Autumn/Winter Vol. 39, No.2 2014 |url=https://www.claudearpi.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2014-Lobsang-Tenpa-The__Centenary_of_the_McM_Line_and_the_Status_of_Monyul_1951-2-libre.pdf |journal=The Tibet Journal |pages=62}}</ref>

In 1904, in order to skew Tibet away from Russian influence, an Anglo-Tibetan treaty was written called the [[Convention of Lhasa]]. This treaty alarmed the Chinese which started displaying power by crushing rebellions and erecting flags and boundary stones in the [[Lohit River|Lohit Valley]] which were mostly removed by the British by 1910. Such aggression from the Chinese conveyed to the Colonial administration that the Tawang tract could serve as a route of invasion in the future.<ref name=":2" />

After the [[1911 Revolution]], UK sat a weakened China along with Tibet in the [[Simla Convention]] to settle the borders between Tibet, China and British India. The foreign secretary of the British Indian government, [[Henry McMahon]] was the driving force in this conference. After carrying out surveys, the conference drew the [[McMahon Line]]. Whilst all three representatives initialed the agreement, [[Beiyang government|Beijing]] later objected to the proposed boundary and did not ratify it.<ref name=":2" /> McMahon decided to bypass the Chinese (although instructed not to by his superiors) and settle the border bilaterally by negotiating directly with Tibet.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" />

According to later Indian claims, this border was intended to run through the highest ridges of the Himalayas, as the areas south of the Himalayas were traditionally Indian.<ref name="VKSingh">{{cite web |url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2006/562/562-vk-singh.htm |title=562 V.K. Singh, Resolving the boundary dispute |website=India-seminar.com |access-date=10 March 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018213033/http://www.india-seminar.com/2006/562/562-vk-singh.htm |archive-date=18 October 2006}}</ref> The McMahon Line lay south of the boundary India claims.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /> India's government held the view that the Himalayas were the ancient boundaries of the [[Indian subcontinent]], and thus should be the modern boundaries of India,<ref name="VKSingh" /> while it is the position of the Chinese government that the disputed area in the Himalayas have been geographically and culturally part of Tibet since ancient times.<ref>The Sino-Indian Boundary Dispute, Foreign Language Press of the People's Republic of China, 1961</ref>

The British-run Government of India initially rejected the Simla Agreement as incompatible with the [[Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907]], which stipulated that neither party was to negotiate with Tibet "except through the intermediary of the Chinese government".<ref name="Gupta">Gupta, Karunakar, "The McMahon Line 1911–45: The British Legacy", ''The China Quarterly'', No. 47. (Jul. – Sep. 1971), pp. 521–45. {{JSTOR|652324}}</ref> The British and Russians cancelled the 1907 agreement by joint consent in 1921.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibet's Relations with Britain |url=http://www.freetibet.org/info/facts/fact17.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411071528/http://www.freetibet.org/info/facts/fact17.html |archive-date=2008-04-11 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Free Tibet Campaign}}</ref> It was not until the late 1930s that the British started to use the McMahon Line on official maps of the region.

China took the position that the Tibetan government should not have been allowed to make such a treaty, rejecting Tibet's claims of independent rule.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /> For its part, Tibet did not object to any section of the McMahon Line excepting the demarcation of the trading town of [[Tawang]], which the Line placed under British-Indian jurisdiction.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /> Up until [[World War II]], Tibetan officials were allowed to administer Tawang with complete authority. Due to the increased threat of Japanese and Chinese expansion during this period, British Indian troops secured the town as part of the defence of India's eastern border.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

In the 1950s, India began patrolling the region. It found that, at multiple locations, the highest ridges actually fell north of the McMahon Line.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /> Given India's historic position that the original intent of the line was to separate the two nations by the highest mountains in the world, in these locations India extended its forward posts northward to the ridges, regarding this move as compliant with the original border proposal, although the Simla Convention did not explicitly state this intention.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" />

== Events leading up to war ==
{{Main|Origins of the Sino-Indian War}}

=== Border dispute after Partition of India and formation of the PRC ===
British India was [[Partition of India|partitioned in 1947]] and split into [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] while the [[Chinese Civil War]] resulted in the formation of [[People's Republic of China]] in 1949. One of the most basic policies for the new Indian government was that of maintaining cordial relations with China, reviving its ancient friendly ties. India was among the first nations to grant diplomatic recognition to the newly created PRC.<ref name="officialhistory" />

In 1950, the Chinese [[People's Liberation Army]] (PLA) [[Invasion of Tibet (1950–1951)|invaded Tibet]], which the Chinese governments regarded as still part of China. Later the Chinese extended their influence by building a road in 1956–67 and placing border posts in Aksai Chin.<ref name="Garver" /><ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /> India protested against these moves and decided to look for a diplomatic solution to ensure a stable Sino-Indian border.<ref name="officialhistory" /> To resolve any doubts about the Indian position, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru declared in parliament that India regarded the McMahon Line as its official border.<ref name="officialhistory" /> The Chinese expressed no concern at this statement.<ref name="officialhistory" />

At the time, Chinese officials issued no condemnation of Nehru's claims or made any opposition to Nehru's open declarations of control over Aksai Chin. In 1956, [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Chinese Premier]] [[Zhou Enlai]] stated that he had no claims over Indian-controlled territory.<ref name="officialhistory" /> He later argued that Aksai Chin was already under Chinese jurisdiction and that the McCartney-MacDonald Line was the line China could accept.<ref name=middlepath>{{cite journal
| last1 =Verma
| first1 =Virendra Sahai
| year =2006
| title =Sino-Indian Border Dispute at Aksai Chin – A Middle Path For Resolution
| journal =Journal of Development Alternatives and Area Studies
| volume =25
| issue =3
| pages =6–8
| issn =1651-9728
| access-date =30 August 2013
| url =http://chinaindiaborderdispute.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/virendravermapaperborderdispute.pdf
| archive-date =19 October 2013
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131019060751/http://chinaindiaborderdispute.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/virendravermapaperborderdispute.pdf
| url-status =live
}}</ref><ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /> Zhou later argued that as the boundary was undemarcated and had never been defined by treaty between any Chinese or Indian government, the Indian government could not unilaterally define Aksai Chin's borders.<ref name="The Un-Negotiated Dispute" />

In 1954, Nehru wrote a memo calling for India's borders to be clearly defined and demarcated;<ref name="Noorani" /> in line with previous Indian philosophy, Indian maps showed a border that, in some places, lay north of the McMahon Line.<ref name="Noorani2">A.G. Noorani, "{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20050326174852/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2017/stories/20030829001604900.htm Perseverance in peace process]}}", ''India's National Magazine'', 29 August 2003.</ref> Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai, in November 1956, assured India that China had no claims on Indian territory, although official Chinese maps showed {{convert|120000|km2|sqmi}} of territory claimed by India as Chinese.<ref name="officialhistory" /> They also allege that Zhou purposefully told Nehru that there were no border issues with India.<ref name="CIA:ToI">{{Cite news |last=Rajghatta |first=Chidanand |date=27 June 2007 |title=Chinese deception and Nehru's naivete led to 62 War |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/chinese-deception-nehrus-naivete-led-to-62-war-cia-papers/articleshow/2155130.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219224615/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/chinese-deception-nehrus-naivete-led-to-62-war-cia-papers/articleshow/2155130.cms |archive-date=19 February 2015 |work=Times of India}}</ref>

In 1954, China and India negotiated the [[Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence]], by which the two nations agreed to abide in settling their disputes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Benvenuti |first1=Andrea |date=17 February 2020 |title=Constructing Peaceful Coexistence: Nehru's Approach to Regional Security and India's Rapprochement with Communist China in the Mid-1950s |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09592296.2020.1721063 |journal=Diplomacy & Statecraft |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=91–117 |doi=10.1080/09592296.2020.1721063 |s2cid=213644121 |access-date=17 March 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> India presented a frontier map which was accepted by China, and the slogan ''Hindi-Chini bhai-bhai'' (Indians and Chinese are brothers) was popularised. Nehru in 1958 had privately told [[Gopalaswami Parthasarathy (diplomat)|G. Parthasarathi]], the Indian envoy to China not to trust the Chinese at all and send all communications directly to him, bypassing the Defence Minister [[VK Krishna Menon]] since his communist background clouded his thinking about China.<ref name=GP>{{cite news|last=Pubby|first=Manu|title=Don't believe in Hindi-Chini bhai-bhai, Nehru told envoy|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/dont-believe-in-hindichini-bhaibhai-nehru-told-envoy/570332/2|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=22 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511091045/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/dont-believe-in-hindichini-bhaibhai-nehru-told-envoy/570332/0|archive-date=11 May 2013}}</ref> According to {{nowrap|John W Garver}}, Nehru's policy on Tibet was to create a strong Sino-Indian partnership which would be catalysed through agreement and compromise on Tibet. Garver believes that Nehru's previous actions had given him confidence that China would be ready to form an "Asian Axis" with India.<ref name="Garver" />

This apparent progress in relations suffered a major setback when, in 1959, Nehru accommodated the Tibetan religious leader at the time, the [[Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama|14th Dalai Lama]], who fled [[Lhasa (prefecture-level city)|Lhasa]] after a failed [[1959 Tibetan uprising|Tibetan uprising]] against Chinese rule.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=Sulmaan Wasif |date=18 February 2011 |title=Cold War co-operation: New Chinese evidence on Jawaharlal Nehru's 1954 visit to Beijing |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14682745.2010.494300 |journal=[[Cold War History (journal)|Cold War History]] |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=197–222 |doi=10.1080/14682745.2010.494300 |s2cid=154795017 |access-date=17 March 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The [[Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party]], [[Mao Zedong]], was enraged and asked the [[Xinhua News Agency]] to produce reports on Indian expansionists operating in Tibet.<ref>{{harvp|Garver|2006}}{{page needed|date=February 2020}}</ref>

Armed clashes increased over summer 1959.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Li |first=Xiaobing |title=The Cold War in East Asia |date=2018 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-138-65179-1 |location=Abingdon, Oxon}}</ref>{{Rp|page=131}} On 25 August 1959, a group of Indian soldiers crossed into the Longju area, north of the McMahon Line.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=131}} The PLA took an Indian prisoner.<ref name="Noorani2" />{{Sfn|Noorani|1970}}

On 2 October, [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Soviet first secretary]] [[Nikita Khrushchev]] defended Nehru in a meeting with Mao. This action reinforced China's impression that the Soviet Union, the United States and India all had [[expansionist]] designs on China. The PLA went so far as to prepare a self-defence counterattack plan.<ref name="Garver" /> Negotiations were restarted between the nations, but no progress was made.<ref name="Noorani" /><ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,894328-8,00.html The Shade of the Big Banyan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013163851/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C894328-8%2C00.html |date=13 October 2007 }}" ''Time'', 14 December 1959.</ref>

On 21 October, there was a small scale [[Kongka Pass incident|clash at Kongka Pass]].<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=131}} The Chinese and Indian sides each claimed that the other side shot first.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=131}} Zhou Enlai proposed a mutual withdrawal to 12.4 miles behind the McMahon Line.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=131}} The Indian government did not respond.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=131}}

As a consequence of their non-recognition of the McMahon Line, China's maps showed both the North East Frontier Area (NEFA) and Aksai Chin to be Chinese territory.<ref name="VKSingh" /> In 1960, Zhou Enlai unofficially suggested that India drop its claims to Aksai Chin in return for a Chinese withdrawal of claims over NEFA. Adhering to his stated position, Nehru believed that China did not have a legitimate claim over either of these territories, and thus was not ready to concede them. This adamant stance was perceived in China as Indian opposition to Chinese rule in Tibet.<ref name="Garver" /> Nehru declined to conduct any negotiations on the boundary until Chinese troops withdrew from Aksai Chin, a position supported by the international community{{Who|date=January 2025}}.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" />

India produced numerous reports on the negotiations, and translated Chinese reports into English to help inform the international debate.<ref name="Garver" /> China believed that India was simply securing its claim lines in order to continue its "grand plans in Tibet".<ref name="Garver" /> India's stance that China withdraw from Aksai Chin caused continual deterioration of the diplomatic situation to the point that internal forces were pressuring Nehru to take a military stance against China.

=== 1960 meetings to resolve the boundary question ===
In 1960, based on an agreement between Nehru and Zhou Enlai, officials from India and China held discussions in order to settle the boundary dispute.{{sfn|Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground|1963|p=91}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/OR_Part_2.pdf|title=Report of the Officials of the Governments of India and the People's Republic of China on the Boundary Question – Part 2|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, India, 1961|access-date=30 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053454/http://www.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/OR_Part_2.pdf|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> China and India disagreed on the major watershed that defined the boundary in the western sector.{{sfn|Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground|1963|p=96}} The Chinese statements with respect to their border claims often misrepresented the cited sources.{{sfn|Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground|1963|p=99}} The failure of these negotiations was compounded by successful Chinese border agreements with Nepal ([[Sino-Nepalese Treaty of Peace and Friendship]]) and Burma in the same year.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhasin |first1=Avtra Singh |title=Nepal's Relations with India and China |date=1994 |publisher=Siba Exim Pvt. Ltd. |location=Delhi |pages=153–155}}</ref>

=== Forward policy ===
{{Main|Forward policy (Sino-Indian conflict)}}
In the summer of 1961, China began patrolling along the McMahon Line. They entered parts of Indian administered regions. The Chinese, however, did not believe they were intruding upon Indian territory. In response the Indians launched a policy of creating outposts behind the Chinese troops so as to cut off their supplies and force their return to China.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Chris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wirzhu5EaqAC |title=India's Ad Hoc Arsenal |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=9780198291688 |page=75}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kavic |first1=Lorne J. |url=https://archive.org/details/indiasquestforse00kavi |title=India's Quest for Security |publisher=University of California Press |year=1967 |page=[https://archive.org/details/indiasquestforse00kavi/page/169 169] |url-access=registration}}</ref>

On 5 December 1961 orders went to the Eastern and Western commands:{{Sfn|Maxwell|Noorani|1971|p=157}}{{Sfn|Noorani|1970|p=138}}{{Blockquote|text=[...] We are to patrol as far forward as possible from our present positions towards the International Border as recognized by us. This will be done with a view to establishing additional posts located to prevent the Chinese from advancing further and also to dominate any Chinese posts already established in our territory. [...]|author=|title=|source=}}This has been referred to as the "forward policy".<ref name="officialhistory" />{{Sfn|Noorani|1970}}<ref name="Neville Maxwell">{{harvp|Maxwell, India's China War|1970|p=24}}</ref> There were eventually 60 such outposts, including 43 along the Chinese-claimed frontier in Aksai Chin.<ref name="Noorani Facts of History">{{citation |last=Noorani |first=A. G. |title=Facts of History |date=30 September 2003 |newspaper=Frontline |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/article30218740.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013172913/http://hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2018/stories/20030912002104800.htm |archive-date=13 October 2007}}</ref>

Indian leaders believed, based on previous diplomacy, that the Chinese would not react with force.<ref name="Neville Maxwell" /> According to the Indian Official History, Indian posts and Chinese posts were separated by a narrow stretch of land.<ref name="Garver" /> China had been steadily spreading into those lands and India reacted with the forward policy to demonstrate that those lands were not unoccupied.<ref name="Garver" /> Neville Maxwell traces this confidence to the Intelligence Bureau chief Mullik.<ref name="Maxwell">{{cite web |last=Maxwell |first=Neville |date=April 2001 |title=Henderson Brooks Report: An Introduction |url=http://www.stratmag.com/issue2Dec-1/kargil.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209140900/http://www.stratmag.com/issue2Dec-1/kargil.htm |archive-date=9 December 2006 |access-date=18 August 2006 |publisher=stratmag.com}}</ref>

The initial reaction of the Chinese forces was to withdraw when Indian outposts advanced towards them.<ref name="Garver" /> However, this appeared to encourage the Indian forces to accelerate their forward policy even further.<ref name="Garver" /> In response, the Central Military Commission adopted a policy of "armed coexistence".<ref name="Garver" /> In response to Indian outposts encircling Chinese positions, Chinese forces would build more outposts to counter-encircle these Indian positions.<ref name="Garver" /> This pattern of encirclement and counter-encirclement resulted in an interlocking, chessboard-like deployment of Chinese and Indian forces.<ref name="Garver" /> Despite the leapfrogging encirclements by both sides, no hostile fire occurred from either side as troops from both sides were under orders to fire only in defense. On the situation, Mao commented, {{blockquote|Nehru wants to move forward and we won't let him. Originally, we tried to guard against this, but now it seems we cannot prevent it. If he wants to advance, we might as well adopt armed coexistence. You wave a gun, and I'll wave a gun. We'll stand face to face and can each practice our courage.<ref name="Garver" />}}The attacks by China beginning on 20 October 1962 were retaliation for the forward policy.<ref name=":Wang">{{Cite book |last=Wang |first=Frances Yaping |title=The Art of State Persuasion: China's Strategic Use of Media in Interstate Disputes |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2024 |isbn=9780197757512}}</ref>{{Rp|page=252}} That year, the CPC Central Committee and the [[Central Military Commission (China)|Central Military Commission]] instructed the PLA to mobilize frontier troops for a counteroffensive campaign.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=131}}

=== Early incidents ===
Various border conflicts and "military incidents" between India and China flared up throughout the summer and autumn of 1962. In May, the [[Indian Air Force]] was told not to plan for [[close air support]], although it was assessed as being a feasible way to counter the unfavourable ratio of Chinese to Indian troops.<ref name="Sukumaran">{{citation |first=R. |last=Sukumaran |url=http://www.idsa.in/strategicanalysis/The1962IndiaChinaWarandKargil1999_rsukumaran_0703 |title=1962 India-China War and Kargil 1999: Restrictions on Air Power |journal=Strategic Analysis |volume=27 |number=3 |date=July 2003 |doi=10.1080/09700160308450094 |s2cid=154278010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119075221/http://idsa.in/strategicanalysis/The1962IndiaChinaWarandKargil1999_rsukumaran_0703 |archive-date=19 November 2016|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In June, a skirmish caused the deaths of dozens of Chinese troops. The Indian Intelligence Bureau received information about a Chinese buildup along the border which could be a precursor to war.<ref name="Sukumaran" />

During June–July 1962, Indian military planners began advocating "probing actions" against the Chinese, and accordingly, moved mountain troops forward to cut off Chinese supply lines. According to Patterson, the Indian motives were threefold:
# Test Chinese resolve and intentions regarding India.
# Test whether India would enjoy Soviet backing in the event of a Sino-Indian war.
# Create sympathy for India within the U.S., with whom relations had deteriorated after [[1961 Indian annexation of Goa|the Indian annexation of Goa]].<ref name="Patterson" />{{rp|279}}

On 10 July 1962, 350 Chinese troops surrounded an Indian post in Chushul (north of the McMahon Line) but withdrew after a heated argument via loudspeaker.<ref name="Chushul">{{citation |last=Subramanian |first=L. N. |title=The Battle of Chushul |newspaper=Bharat Rakshak Monitor |date=November–December 2000 |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com:80/MONITOR/ISSUE3-3/lns.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010209084245/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE3-3/lns.html |archive-date=9 February 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 22 July, the forward policy was extended to allow Indian troops to push back Chinese troops already established in disputed territory.<ref name="officialhistory">History of the Conflict with China, 1962. P.B. Sinha, A.A. Athale, with S.N. Prasad, chief editor, History Division, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, 1992.</ref> Whereas Indian troops were previously ordered to fire only in self-defence, all post commanders were now given discretion to open fire upon Chinese forces if threatened.<ref name="officialhistory" /> In August, the Chinese military improved its combat readiness along the McMahon Line and began stockpiling ammunition, weapons and fuel.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Given his foreknowledge of the coming [[Cuban Missile Crisis]], Mao was able to persuade Khrushchev to reverse the Russian policy of backing India, at least temporarily.<ref name="BlackNovember" /> In mid-October, the Communist organ ''[[Pravda]]'' encouraged peace between India and China.<ref name="BlackNovember" /> When the Cuban Missile Crisis ended and Mao's rhetoric changed, Russia reversed course.<ref name="BlackNovember">{{cite news|last=Malhotra|first=Inder|title=Ghosts of black November|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ghosts-of-black-november/394274/0|access-date=9 January 2013|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=5 December 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329084029/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ghosts-of-black-november/394274/0|archive-date=29 March 2013}}</ref>

== Confrontation at Thagla Ridge ==
{{Main|Dhola Post|Battle of Namka Chu}}
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In June 1962, Indian forces established an outpost called the [[Dhola Post]] on the northern slopes of Tsangdhar Range, in the right-side of [[Namka Chu]] valley, facing the southern slopes of Thagla Ridge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Publication |url=https://www.usiofindia.org/publication-journal/1962-the-battle-of-namka-chu-and-fall-of-tawang-a-view-from-other-side-of-the-hill.html |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=www.usiofindia.org}}</ref><ref name="idr1">KC OPraval, 2011, [http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/1962-war-the-chinese-invasion-i 1962 War: The Chinese invasionI], [[Indian Defence Review]].</ref> Clearly, the Dhola Post lay north of the map-marked McMahon Line which straight across Tsangdhar Range but south of Thagla Ridge along which India interpreted the McMahon Line to run.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /><ref name="Noorani2" /><ref name="Joshi">Manoj Joshi, "Line of Defence", ''Times of India'', 21 October 2000</ref> In August, China issued diplomatic protests and began occupying positions at the top of Thagla Ridge.<ref name="Garver" />

On 8 September, a 60-strong PLA unit descended to the south side of the ridge and occupied positions that dominated one of the Indian posts at Namka Chu. Fire was not exchanged, but Nehru told the media that the Indian Army had instructions to "free our territory" and the troops had been given discretion to use force.<ref name="Garver" /> On 11 September, it was decided that "all forward posts and patrols were given permission to fire on any armed Chinese who entered Indian territory".<ref name="officialhistory" />

The operation to occupy Thagla Ridge was flawed in that Nehru's directives were unclear, delaying it.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /> In addition, each man had to carry {{convert|35|kg|lb}} over the long trek, greatly slowing the reaction.<ref name="NamkaChu" /> By the time the Indian battalion reached the point of conflict, Chinese units controlled both banks of the Namka Chu River.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} On 20 September, Chinese troops threw grenades at Indian troops and a firefight developed, triggering a long series of skirmishes for the rest of September.<ref name="NamkaChu" />

Some Indian troops, including [[John Dalvi|Brigadier Dalvi]] who commanded the forces at Thagla Ridge, were also concerned that the territory they were fighting for was not strictly territory that "we should have been convinced was ours".{{Sfn|Noorani|1970}} According to Neville Maxwell, even members of the Indian defence ministry were categorically concerned with the validity of the fighting in Thagla Ridge.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" />

On 4 October, [[Brij Mohan Kaul]], commanding [[IV Corps (India)|IV Corps]], assigned some troops to secure regions south of the Thagla Ridge.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} Kaul decided to first secure Yumtso La, a strategically important position, before re-entering the lost Dhola Post.<ref name="officialhistory" /> Kaul had then realised that the attack would be desperate and the Indian government tried to stop an escalation into all-out war. Indian troops marching to Thagla Ridge had suffered in the previously unexperienced conditions; two [[Gurkha]] soldiers died of [[pulmonary edema]].<ref name="NamkaChu" />

On 10 October, an Indian [[Rajput]] patrol of 50 troops to Yumtso La were met by an emplaced Chinese position of some 1,000 soldiers.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} Indian troops were in no position for battle, as Yumtso La was {{convert|16,000|ft}} above sea level and Kaul did not plan on having artillery support for the troops.<ref name="NamkaChu" /> The Chinese troops opened fire on the Indians, thinking they were north of the McMahon Line. The Indians were surrounded by Chinese positions, which used [[mortar fire]]. They managed to hold off the first Chinese assault, inflicting heavy casualties.<ref name="Tonder"></ref>{{rp|pages=67-69}}

At this point, the Indian troops were in a position to push the Chinese back with mortar and machine gun fire. Brigadier Dalvi opted not to fire, as it would mean decimating the Rajput who were still in the area of the Chinese regrouping. They helplessly watched the Chinese ready themselves for a second assault.<ref name="NamkaChu" /> In the second Chinese assault, the Indians began their retreat, realising the situation was hopeless. The Indian patrol suffered 25 casualties and the Chinese 33. The Chinese troops held their fire as the Indians retreated, and then buried the Indian dead with military honours, as witnessed by the retreating soldiers. This was the first occurrence of heavy fighting in the war.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

This attack had grave implications for India and Nehru tried to solve the issue, but by 18 October, it was clear that the Chinese were preparing for an attack, with a massive troop buildup.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} A long line of mules and porters had also been observed supporting the buildup and reinforcement of positions south of the Thagla Ridge.<ref name="NamkaChu" />

== Chinese preparations ==

=== Chinese motives ===
Two of the major factors leading up to China's eventual conflicts with Indian troops were India's stance on the disputed borders and perceived Indian subversion in Tibet. There was "a perceived need to punish and end perceived Indian efforts to undermine Chinese control of Tibet, Indian efforts which were perceived as having the objective of restoring the pre-1949 status quo ante of Tibet". The other was "a perceived need to punish and end perceived Indian aggression against Chinese territory along the border". John W. Garver argues that the first perception was incorrect based on the state of the Indian military and polity in the 1960s. It was, nevertheless a major reason for China's going to war. He argues that while the Chinese perception of Indian border actions were "substantially accurate", Chinese perceptions of the supposed Indian policy towards Tibet were "substantially inaccurate".<ref name="Garver" />

The CIA's declassified POLO documents reveal contemporary American analysis of Chinese motives during the war. According to this document, "Chinese apparently were motivated to attack by one primary consideration — their determination to retain the ground on which PLA forces stood in 1962 and to punish the Indians for trying to take that ground". In general terms, they tried to show the Indians once and for all that China would not acquiesce in a military "reoccupation" policy. Secondary reasons for the attack were to damage Nehru's prestige by exposing Indian weakness and<ref name="CIA:ToI" /> to expose as traitorous Khrushchev's policy of supporting Nehru against a Communist country.<ref name="CIA:ToI" />

Another factor which might have affected China's decision for war with India was a perceived need to stop a Soviet-U.S.-India encirclement and isolation of China.<ref name="Garver" /> India's relations with the Soviet Union and United States were both strong at this time, but the Soviets (and Americans) were preoccupied by the Cuban Missile Crisis and would not interfere with the Sino-Indian War.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} P. B. Sinha suggests that China waited until October to attack because the timing of the war was exactly in parallel with American actions so as to avoid any chance of American or Soviet involvement. Although American buildup of forces around Cuba occurred on the same day as the first major clash at Dhola Post, and China's buildup between 10 and 20 October appeared to coincide exactly with the United States establishment of a blockade against Cuba which began 20 October, the Chinese probably prepared for this before they could anticipate what would happen in Cuba.<ref name="officialhistory" />

In May to June 1962, the KMT government of [[Republic of China]] on Taiwan under [[Chiang Kai-shek]]'s leadership was propagating the policy of 'Reclaim the [[mainland China]]', causing fear of invasion from Taiwan among Chinese Communist leadership and the shift of concern to the Southeast. Reluctant to divert resources to the hostilities in the Himalayas, Chinese leadership thought a two-front war undesirable. From July on, after receiving American assurances that KMT government would not invade, China began to focus on the Indian border.<ref name="mfv3">{{cite book |last1=MacFarquhar |first1=Roderick |title=The Origins of the Cultural Revolution- 3. The Coming of the Cataclysm 1961-1966 |date=1997 |pages=300}}</ref>

Garver argues that the Chinese correctly assessed Indian border policies, particularly the forward policy, as attempts for incremental seizure of Chinese-controlled territory. On Tibet, Garver argues that one of the major factors leading to China's decision for war with India was a common tendency of humans "to attribute others' behavior to interior motivations, while attributing their own behavior to situational factors". Studies from China published in the 1990s confirmed that the root cause for China going to war with India was the perceived Indian aggression in Tibet, with the forward policy simply catalysing the Chinese reaction.<ref name="Garver" />

Neville Maxwell and [[Allen S. Whiting (political scientist)|Allen Whiting]] argue that the Chinese leadership believed they were defending territory that was legitimately Chinese, and which was already under de facto Chinese occupation prior to Indian advances, and regarded the forward policy as an Indian attempt at creeping annexation.<ref name="Garver" /> Mao Zedong himself compared the forward policy to a strategic advance in [[Xiangqi|Chinese chess]]:

{{blockquote|Their [India's] continually pushing forward is like crossing the [[Xiangqi#Board|Chu Han boundary]]. What should we do? We can also set out a few pawns, on our side of the river. If they don't then cross over, that's great. If they do cross, we'll eat them up [chess metaphor meaning to take the opponent's pieces]. Of course, we cannot blindly eat them. Lack of forbearance in small matters upsets great plans. We must pay attention to the situation.<ref name="Garver" />}}

Chinese policy toward India, therefore, operated on two seemingly contradictory assumptions in the first half of 1961. On the one hand, the Chinese leaders continued to entertain a hope, although a shrinking one, that some opening for talks would appear. On the other hand, they read Indian statements and actions as clear signs that Nehru wanted to talk only about a Chinese withdrawal. Regarding the hope, they were willing to negotiate and tried to prod Nehru into a similar attitude. Regarding Indian intentions, they began to act politically and to build a rationale based on the assumption that Nehru already had become a lackey of imperialism; for this reason he opposed border talks.<ref name="CIA:ToI" />

Krishna Menon is reported to have said that when he arrived in Geneva on 6 June 1961 for an international conference in Laos, Chinese officials in Chen Yi's delegation indicated that Chen might be interested in discussing the border dispute with him. At several private meetings with Menon, Chen avoided any discussion of the dispute and Menon surmised that the Chinese wanted him to broach the matter first. He did not, as he was under instructions from Nehru to avoid taking the initiative, leaving the Chinese with the impression that Nehru was unwilling to show any flexibility.<ref name="CIA:ToI" />

In September, the Chinese took a step toward criticising Nehru openly in their commentary. After citing Indonesian and Burmese press criticism of Nehru by name, the Chinese critiqued his moderate remarks on colonialism (People's Daily Editorial, 9 September): "Somebody at the Non-Aligned Nations Conference advanced the argument that the era of classical colonialism is gone and dead...contrary to facts." This was a distortion of Nehru's remarks but appeared close enough to be credible. On the same day, Chen Yi referred to Nehru by implication at the Bulgarian embassy reception: "Those who attempted to deny history, ignore reality, and distort the truth and who attempted to divert the Conference from its important object have failed to gain support and were isolated." On 10 September, they dropped all circumlocutions and criticised him by name in a China Youth article and NCNA report—the first time in almost two years that they had commented extensively on the Prime Minister.<ref name="CIA:ToI" />

By early 1962, the Chinese leadership began to believe that India's intentions were to launch a massive attack against Chinese troops, and that the Indian leadership wanted a war.<ref name="Garver" /> In 1961, the Indian Army had been sent into [[Goa]], a small region without any other international borders apart from the Indian one, after [[Portugal]] refused to surrender the [[exclave]] [[colony]] to the Indian Union. Although this action met little to no international protest or opposition, China saw it as an example of India's expansionist nature, especially in light of heated rhetoric from Indian politicians. India's Home Minister declared, "If the Chinese will not vacate the areas occupied by it, India will have to repeat [[Invasion of Goa|what it did in Goa]]. India will certainly drive out the Chinese forces",{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} while another member of the Indian Congress Party pronounced, "India will take steps to end [Chinese] aggression on Indian soil just as it ended Portuguese aggression in Goa".<ref name="Patterson" />

By mid-1962, it was apparent to the Chinese leadership that negotiations had failed to make any progress, and the forward policy was increasingly perceived as a grave threat as [[Delhi]] increasingly sent probes deeper into border areas and cut off Chinese supply lines.<ref name="Patterson" /> Foreign Minister [[Chen Yi (communist)|Marshal Chen Yi]] commented at one high-level meeting, "Nehru's forward policy is a knife. He wants to put it in our heart. We cannot close our eyes and await death."<ref name="Garver" /> The Chinese leadership believed that their restraint on the issue was being perceived by India as weakness, leading to continued provocations, and that a major counterblow was needed to stop perceived Indian aggression.<ref name="Garver" />

Xu Yan, prominent Chinese military historian and professor at the PLA's [[PLA National Defense University|National Defense University]], gives an account of the Chinese leadership's decision to go to war. By late September 1962, the Chinese leadership had begun to reconsider their policy of "armed coexistence", which had failed to address their concerns with the forward policy and Tibet, and consider a large, decisive strike.<ref name="Garver" /> On 22 September 1962, the ''[[People's Daily]]'' published an article which claimed that "the Chinese people were [[Hurting the feelings of the Chinese people|burning with 'great indignation']] over the Indian actions on the border and that New Delhi could not 'now say that warning was not served in advance'."<ref name="Peoples Daily">''[[People's Daily]]'', 22 September 1962 issue, pp. 1</ref><ref name="foia_cia_polo09">{{citation |title=The Sino-Indian Border Dispute, Section 3: 1961–62 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=5 May 1964 |url=http://www.foia.cia.gov/CPE/POLO/polo-09.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701042636/http://www.foia.cia.gov/CPE/POLO/polo-09.pdf |archive-date=1 July 2007}}</ref>

=== Military planning ===
The Indian side was confident war would not be triggered and made little preparations. India had only two divisions of troops in the region of the conflict.<ref name="Swaminathan">{{citation |last=Swaminathan |first=R. |title=Lessons of 1962: A stock taking after 40 years |publisher=South Asia Analysis Group |url=http://www.saag.org:80/papers7/paper693.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030625063031/http://www.saag.org/papers7/paper693.html |archive-date=25 June 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In August 1962, Brigadier D. K. Palit claimed that a war with China in the near future could be ruled out.<ref name="Swaminathan" /> Even in September 1962, when Indian troops were ordered to "expel the Chinese" from Thagla Ridge, Maj. General J. S. Dhillon expressed the opinion that "experience in Ladakh had shown that a few rounds fired at the Chinese would cause them to run away."<ref name="Garver" /><ref name="officialhistory" /> Because of this, the Indian Army was completely unprepared when the attack at Yumtso La occurred.<ref name="Swaminathan" />

Declassified CIA documents which were compiled at the time reveal that India's estimates of Chinese capabilities made them neglect their military in favour of economic growth.<ref name="CIA:DNA">[http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1106769 China feared military coup in India during 60s] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930040711/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1106769 |date=30 September 2007 }} ''DNA India''</ref> It is claimed that if a more military-minded man had been in place instead of Nehru, India would have been more likely to have been ready for the threat of a counter-attack from China.<ref name="CIA:DNA" />

On 6 October 1962, the Chinese leadership convened. Defence minister, [[Lin Biao]], reported that PLA intelligence units had determined that Indian units might assault Chinese positions at Thagla Ridge on 10 October (Operation Leghorn). The Chinese leadership and the Central Military Council decided upon war to launch a large-scale attack to punish perceived military aggression from India.<ref name="Garver" /> In Beijing, a larger meeting of Chinese military was convened in order to plan for the coming conflict.<ref name="Garver" />

Mao and the Chinese leadership issued a directive laying out the objectives for the war. A main assault would be launched in the eastern sector, which would be coordinated with a smaller assault in the western sector. All Indian troops within China's claimed territories in the eastern sector would be expelled, and the war would be ended with a unilateral Chinese ceasefire and withdrawal, followed by a return to the negotiating table.<ref name="Garver" /> India led the [[Non-Aligned Movement]], Nehru enjoyed international prestige, and China, with a larger military, would be portrayed as an aggressor. He said that a well-fought war "will guarantee at least thirty years of peace" with India, and determined the benefits to offset the costs.<ref name="Garver" />

China also reportedly bought a significant amount of Indian rupee currency from [[Hong Kong]], supposedly to distribute amongst its soldiers in preparation for the war.<ref name="Salon">{{cite web |author=Mark Ames and Alexander Zaitchik |url=http://www.salon.com/2012/12/02/better_than_bourne_who_really_killed_nick_deak/ |title=James Bond and the killer bag lady |website=Salon.com |date=2 December 2012 |access-date=10 March 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205135109/http://www.salon.com/2012/12/02/better_than_bourne_who_really_killed_nick_deak/ |archive-date=5 February 2017}}</ref>

On 8 October, additional veteran and elite divisions were ordered to prepare to move into Tibet from the [[Chengdu Military Region|Chengdu]] and [[Lanzhou Military Region|Lanzhou]] military regions.<ref name="Garver" />

On 14 October, an editorial on ''People's Daily'' issued China's final warning to India: "So it seems that Mr. Nehru has made up his mind to attack the Chinese frontier guards on an even bigger scale. ... It is high time to shout to Mr. Nehru that the heroic Chinese troops, with the glorious tradition of resisting foreign aggression, can never be cleared by anyone from their own territory ... If there are still some maniacs who are reckless enough to ignore our well-intentioned advice and insist on having another try, well, let them do so. History will pronounce its inexorable verdict ... At this critical moment ... we still want to appeal once more to Mr. Nehru: better rein in at the edge of the precipice and do not use the lives of Indian troops as stakes in your gamble."<ref name="foia_cia_polo09" />

Marshal [[Liu Bocheng]] headed a group to determine the strategy for the war. He concluded that the opposing Indian troops were among India's best, and to achieve victory would require deploying crack troops and relying on [[force concentration]] to achieve decisive victory. On 16 October, this war plan was approved, and on the 18th, the final approval was given by the Politburo for a "self-defensive counter-attack", scheduled for 20 October.<ref name="Garver" />

== Chinese offensive ==
[[File:Sino-indian-war-in-1962-surrender.jpg|thumb|Indian soldiers surrender to Chinese forces]]
On 20 October 1962, the PLA launched two attacks, {{convert|1000|km}} apart. In the western theatre, the PLA sought to expel Indian forces from the Chip Chap valley in Aksai Chin while in the eastern theatre, the PLA sought to capture both banks of the Namka Chu river. Gurkha rifles travelling north were targeted by Chinese artillery fire. After four days of fierce fighting, the three [[regiment]]s of Chinese troops succeeded in securing a substantial portion of the disputed territory.<ref name="n852">{{cite book | last=Fan | first=C.S. | title=The Socioeconomics of Nationalism in China: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Routledge Studies in the Modern World Economy | year=2022 | isbn=978-1-000-61813-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rIVvEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA160 | page=160}}</ref>

=== Eastern theatre ===
Chinese troops launched an attack on the southern banks of the Namka Chu River on 20 October.<ref name="NamkaChu">{{citation |title=Battle of Namka Chu, 10 Oct – 16 Nov 1962 |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com:80/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1962War/Namka.html |publisher=Bharat Rakshak |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020810075442/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1962War/Namka.html |archive-date=10 August 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Indian forces were undermanned, with only an understrength battalion to support them, while the Chinese troops had three regiments positioned on the north side of the river.<ref name="NamkaChu" /> The Indians expected Chinese forces to cross via one of five bridges over the river and defended those crossings.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} The PLA bypassed the defenders by fording the river, which was shallow at that time of year, instead. They formed up into battalions on the Indian-held south side of the river under cover of darkness, with each battalion assigned against a separate group of Rajputs.<ref name="NamkaChu" />

At 5:14 am, Chinese mortar fire began attacking the Indian positions. Simultaneously, the Chinese cut the Indian telephone lines, preventing the defenders from making contact with their headquarters. At about 6:30 am, the Chinese infantry launched a surprise attack from the rear and forced the Indians to leave their trenches.<ref name="NamkaChu" /> The Chinese overwhelmed the Indian troops in a series of flanking manoeuvres south of the McMahon Line and prompted their withdrawal from Namka Chu.<ref name="NamkaChu" /> Fearful of continued losses, Indian troops retreated into Bhutan. Chinese forces respected the border and did not pursue.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} Chinese forces now held all of the territory that was under dispute at the time of the Thagla Ridge confrontation, but they continued to advance into the rest of NEFA.<ref name="NamkaChu" />

On 22 October, at 12:15 am, PLA mortars fired on [[Walong]], on the McMahon line.<ref name="Walong">{{citation |title=Battle of Walong, 18 Oct – 16 Nov 1962 |publisher=Bharat Rakshak |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com:80/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1962War/Walong.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020615032009/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1962War/Walong.html |archive-date=15 June 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Flares launched by Indian troops the next day revealed numerous Chinese milling around the valley.<ref name="Walong" /> The Indians tried to use their mortars against the Chinese but the PLA responded by lighting a bush fire, causing confusion among the Indians. Some 400 PLA troops attacked the Indian position. The initial Chinese assault was halted by accurate Indian mortar fire. The Chinese were then reinforced and launched a second assault. The Indians managed to hold them back for four hours, but the Chinese used weight of numbers to break through. Most Indian forces were withdrawn to established positions in Walong, while a company supported by mortars and medium machine guns remained to cover the retreat.<ref name="Walong" />

Elsewhere, Chinese troops launched a three-pronged attack on Tawang, which the Indians evacuated without any resistance.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

Over the following days, there were clashes between Indian and Chinese patrols at Walong as the Chinese rushed in reinforcements. On 25 October, the Chinese made a probe, which was met with resistance from the 4th Sikhs. The following day, a patrol from the 4th Sikhs was encircled, and after being unable to break the encirclement, an Indian unit was able to flank the Chinese, allowing the Sikhs to break free.<ref name="Walong" />

=== Western theatre ===
{{Main|Battle of Galwan|Battle of Aksai Chin}}
[[File:Aksai Chin Sino-Indian border map.svg|thumb|250px|right|The map shows the Indian and Chinese claims of the border in the Aksai Chin region, the Macartney-MacDonald line, the Foreign Office Line, as well as the progress of Chinese forces as they occupied areas during the Sino-Indian War.]]On the Aksai Chin front, China already controlled most of the disputed territory. Chinese forces quickly swept the region of any remaining Indian troops.<ref>e.g. Chip Chap Valley, Pangong</ref> Late on 19 October, Chinese troops launched a number of attacks throughout the western theatre.<ref name="Chushul" /> By 22 October, all posts north of Chushul had been cleared.<ref name="Chushul"/>

On 20 October, the Chinese easily took the Chip Chap Valley and Pangong Lake.<ref name="Wortzel">{{harvnb|Wortzel|2003|pp=340–341}}</ref> Many outposts and garrisons along the Western front were unable to defend against the surrounding Chinese troops. Most Indian troops positioned in these posts offered resistance but were either killed or taken prisoner. Indian support for these outposts was not forthcoming, as evidenced by the Galwan post, which had been surrounded by enemy forces in August, but no attempt made to relieve the besieged garrison. Following the 20 October attack, nothing was heard from Galwan.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

On 24 October, Indian forces fought hard to hold the Rezang La Ridge, in order to prevent a nearby airstrip from falling.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guruswamy |first=Mohan |date=15 November 2002 |title=Men of Steel on Icy Heights |url=http://bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1962War/Mohan.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206135922/http://bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1962War/Mohan.html |archive-date=2007-02-06 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Deccan Chronicle |via=[[Bharat Rakshak]]}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=October 2019|reason=See [[Talk:Sino-Indian War#Sources]]}}

After realising the magnitude of the attack, the Indian Western Command withdrew many of the isolated outposts to the south-east. Daulet Beg Oldi was also evacuated, but it was south of the Chinese claim line and was not approached by Chinese forces. Indian troops were withdrawn in order to consolidate and regroup in the event that China probed south of their claim line.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

== Lull in the fighting ==
By 24 October, the PLA had entered territory previously administered by India to give the PRC a diplomatically strong position over India. The majority of Chinese forces had advanced {{convert|16|km}} south of the control line prior to the conflict. Four days of fighting were followed by a three-week lull. Zhou ordered the troops to stop advancing as he attempted to negotiate with Nehru. The Indian forces had retreated into more heavily fortified positions around Se La and Bomdi La which would be difficult to assault.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} Zhou sent Nehru a letter, proposing
# A negotiated settlement of the boundary
# That both sides disengage and withdraw {{convert|20|km}} from present lines of actual control
# A Chinese withdrawal north in NEFA
# That China and India not cross lines of present control in Aksai Chin.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Himalayan Border Crisis. – Chinese Offensive in Ladakh and North-East Frontier Agency. – 100-Mile Chinese Advance in N.E.F.A. – Unilateral Cease-Fire by Chinese Forces.|journal=Keesing's Record of World Events|date=8 December 1962|volume=8|issue=12|page=19109|url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/2094-1962-12-KS-a-JHS.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526212555/https://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/2094-1962-12-KS-a-JHS.pdf|archive-date=26 May 2015}}</ref>

Nehru's 27 October reply expressed interest in the restoration of peace and friendly relations and suggested a return to the "boundary prior to 8 September 1962". He was categorically concerned about a mutual {{convert|20|km}} withdrawal after "40 or 60 kilometres (25 or 40 miles) of blatant military aggression". He wanted the creation of a larger immediate buffer zone and thus resist the possibility of a repeat offensive. Zhou's 4 November reply repeated his 1959 offer to return to the McMahon Line in NEFA and the Chinese traditionally claimed MacDonald Line in Aksai Chin.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

Facing Chinese forces maintaining themselves on Indian soil and trying to avoid political pressure, the Indian parliament announced a national emergency and passed a resolution which stated their intent to "drive out the aggressors from the sacred soil of India". The United States and the United Kingdom supported India's response. The Soviet Union was preoccupied with the Cuban Missile Crisis and did not offer the support it had provided in previous years. With the backing of other [[great power]]s, a 14 November letter by Nehru to Zhou once again rejected his proposal.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

Neither side declared war, used their air force, or fully broke off diplomatic relations, but the conflict is commonly referred to as a war. However, India issued a proclamation of emergency which, constitutionally, is the Indian mechanism of declaring war.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fazal |first=Tanisha M. |date=2012-10-01 |title=Why States No Longer Declare War |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2012.734227 |journal=Security Studies |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=557–593 |doi=10.1080/09636412.2012.734227 |issn=0963-6412|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This war coincided with the Cuban Missile Crisis and was viewed by the western nations at the time as another act of aggression by the Communist bloc.<ref name="Cuba">{{cite web|last=Goldman|first =Jerry| author2 =Stein, Giel| date =October 1997| url =http://www.hpol.org/jfk/cuban/| title =The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 18–29 1962| publisher =hpol.org|access-date =18 August 2006| url-status =live| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20060818073911/http://www.hpol.org/jfk/cuban/| archive-date =18 August 2006}}</ref> According to Calvin, the Chinese side evidently wanted a diplomatic resolution and discontinuation of the conflict.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

== Continuation of war ==
{{main|Battle of Walong}}

After Zhou received Nehru's letter (rejecting Zhou's proposal), the fighting resumed on the eastern theatre on 14 November (Nehru's birthday), with an Indian attack on Walong, claimed by China, launched from the defensive position of Se La and inflicting heavy casualties on the Chinese. The Chinese resumed military activity on Aksai Chin and NEFA hours after the Walong battle.<ref name="n852"/><ref name="l278">{{cite book | last=Westcott | first=S.P. | title=Armed Coexistence: The Dynamics of the Intractable Sino-Indian Border Dispute | publisher=Springer Nature Singapore | series=Politics of South Asia | year=2022 | isbn=978-981-16-7450-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QslcEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA47 | page=47}}</ref>

=== Continuation of Eastern theatre ===
In the eastern theatre, the PLA attacked Indian forces near [[Sela Pass|Se La]] and [[Bomdila|Bomdi La]] on 17 November. These positions were defended by the [[Indian 4th Infantry Division]]. Instead of attacking by road as expected, PLA forces approached via a mountain trail, and their attack cut off a main road and isolated 10,000 Indian troops.

Se La occupied high ground, and rather than assault this commanding position, the Chinese captured [[Thembang]], which was a supply route to Se La.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

The PLA penetrated close to the outskirts of [[Tezpur, Assam]], a major frontier town nearly {{convert|50|km}} from the Assam-North-East Frontier Agency border.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /> The local government ordered the evacuation of the civilians in Tezpur to the south of the [[Brahmaputra River]], all prisons were thrown open, and government officials who stayed behind destroyed Tezpur's currency reserves in anticipation of a Chinese advance.<ref name="officialhistory" />

=== Continuation of Western theatre ===
{{main|Battle of Rezang La|Battle of Gurung Hill}}

[[File:China India western border 88.jpg|thumb|The disputed areas in the western sector, shown in a 1988 map from the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]].]]
On the western theatre, PLA forces launched a heavy infantry attack on 18 November near Chushul. Their attack started at 4:35 am, despite a mist surrounding most of the areas in the region. At 5:45 the Chinese troops advanced to attack two [[platoon]]s of Indian troops at [[Gurung Hill]].

The Indians did not know what was happening, as communications were dead. As a patrol was sent, China attacked with greater numbers. Indian artillery could not hold off the superior Chinese forces. By 9:00 am, Chinese forces attacked Gurung Hill directly and Indian commanders withdrew from the area and also from the connecting [[Spangur Gap]].<ref name="Chushul" />

The Chinese had been simultaneously attacking Rezang La which was held by 123 Indian troops. At 5:05 am, Chinese troops launched their attack audaciously. Chinese medium machine gun fire pierced through the Indian tactical defences.<ref name="Chushul" />

At 6:55 am the sun rose and the Chinese attack on the 8th platoon began in waves. Fighting continued for the next hour, until the Chinese signaled that they had destroyed the 7th platoon. Indians tried to use light machine guns on the medium machine guns from the Chinese but after 10 minutes the battle was over.<ref name="Chushul" /> Logistical inadequacy once again hurt the Indian troops.<ref name="Yadav">{{Cite news |last=Yadav |first=Atul |date=18 November 1999 |title=Injustice to the Ahir Martyrs of the 1962 War |url=http://bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1962War/Yadav.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509224534/http://bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1962War/Yadav.html |archive-date=9 May 2007 |work=The Tribune |via=Bharat Rashak}}</ref> The Chinese gave the Indian troops a respectful military funeral.<ref name="Yadav" /> The battles also saw the death of [[Shaitan Singh|Major Shaitan Singh]] of the [[Kumaon Regiment]], who had been instrumental in the first battle of Rezang La.<ref name="Yadav" /> The Indian troops were forced to withdraw to high mountain positions. Indian sources believed that their troops were just coming to grips with the mountain combat and finally called for more troops. The Chinese declared a ceasefire, ending the bloodshed.<ref name="Chushul" />

Indian forces suffered heavy casualties, with dead Indian troops' bodies being found in the ice, frozen with weapons in hand. The Chinese forces also suffered heavy casualties, especially at Rezang La. This signalled the end of the war in Aksai Chin as China had reached their claim line – many Indian troops were ordered to withdraw from the area. China claimed that the Indian troops wanted to fight on until the bitter end. The war ended with their withdrawal, so as to limit the number of casualties.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

== Ceasefire ==
China had reached its claim lines so the PLA did not advance farther, and on 19 November, it declared a unilateral [[cease-fire]]. Zhou Enlai declared a unilateral ceasefire to start on midnight, 21 November. Zhou's ceasefire declaration stated,

{{blockquote|Beginning from 21 November 1962, the Chinese frontier guards will cease fire along the entire Sino-Indian border. Beginning from 1 December 1962, the Chinese frontier guards will withdraw to positions {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=off}} behind the line of actual control which existed between China and India on 7 November 1959. In the eastern sector, although the Chinese frontier guards have so far been fighting on Chinese territory north of the traditional customary line, they are prepared to withdraw from their present positions to the north of the illegal McMahon Line, and to withdraw {{convert|20|km|mi|spell=in|abbr=off}} back from that line. In the middle and western sectors, the Chinese frontier guards will withdraw {{convert|20|km|mi|spell=in|abbr=off}} from the line of actual control.}}

Zhou had first given the ceasefire announcement to Indian chargé d'affaires on 19 November (before India's request for United States air support), but New Delhi did not receive it until 24 hours later. The aircraft carrier was ordered back after the ceasefire, and thus, American intervention on India's side in the war was avoided. Retreating Indian troops, who hadn't come into contact with anyone knowing of the ceasefire, and Chinese troops in NEFA and Aksai Chin, were involved in some minor battles,{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} but for the most part, the ceasefire signalled an end to the fighting. The [[United States Air Force]] flew in supplies to India in November 1962, but neither side wished to continue hostilities.

After 1 December, Chinese forces began leaving Indian territories and returning to the old boundary.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|pages=|page=132}}

Toward the end of the war India increased its support for Tibetan refugees and revolutionaries, some of them having settled in India, as they were fighting the same common enemy in the region. The Nehru administration ordered the raising of an elite Indian-trained "[[Special Frontier Force|Tibetan Armed Force]]" composed of Tibetan refugees.<ref>{{citation |last=Gangdruk |first=Chushi |title=Establishment 22 |url=http://www.chushigangdruk.org:80/history/history11.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010307182110/http://www.chushigangdruk.org/history/history11.html |archive-date=7 March 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
== International reactions ==
According to James Calvin, western nations at the time viewed China as an aggressor during the China–India border war, and saw the war as part of a monolithic communist objective for a world [[dictatorship of the proletariat]]. This was further triggered by Mao's statement that: "the way to world conquest lies through Havana, Accra and Calcutta".<ref name="Mao quote">{{cite news |title=The Region |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100827/page/n117/mode/2up?q=%22world+conquest%22 |access-date=7 March 2025 |agency=The Illustrated Weekly of India |issue=118 |publisher=The Times Group |date=1989}}</ref> The United States was unequivocal in its recognition of the Indian boundary claims in the eastern sector, while not supporting the claims of either side in the western sector.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Jeff M.|date=14 September 2012|title=A Forgotten War in the Himalayas|url=http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/forgotten-war-himalayas|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220145005/http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/forgotten-war-himalayas|archive-date=20 December 2016|access-date=27 September 2016|publisher=YaleGlobal}}</ref><ref name="Kalha">{{cite web|last1=Kalha|first1=R. S.|date=21 November 2012|title=What did China Gain at the End of the Fighting in November 1962?|url=http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/WhatdidChinaGain%20attheEndoftheFighting_RSKalha_211112|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206163938/http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/WhatdidChinaGain%20attheEndoftheFighting_RSKalha_211112|archive-date=6 December 2016|access-date=27 September 2016|publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis}}</ref> Britain, on the other hand, agreed with the Indian position completely, with the foreign secretary stating, 'we have taken the view of the government of India on the present frontiers and the disputed territories belong to India.'<ref name="Kalha" />


The Chinese military action has been viewed by the United States as part of the PRC's policy of making use of aggressive wars to settle its border disputes and to distract both its own population and international opinion from its [[Great Leap Forward|internal issues]].<ref>{{Cite report |url=http://www.stormingmedia.us/92/9232/A923244.html |title=Fighting to Make a Point: Policy-Making by Aggressive War on the Chinese Borders |last=Pettis Jr. |first=Roy C. |date=2002 |publisher=National War College |issue=A923244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206150705/http://www.stormingmedia.us/92/9232/A923244.html |archive-date=6 December 2008}}</ref> The [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy|Kennedy]] administration was disturbed by what they considered "blatant Chinese communist aggression against India". In a May 1963 [[National Security Council (USA)|National Security Council]] meeting, contingency planning on the part of the United States in the event of another Chinese attack on India was discussed and nuclear options were considered.<ref name="Anand">{{cite news|title='63 Tapes Reveal Kennedy and Aides Discussed Using Nuclear Arms in a China-India Clash|author=Anand Giridharadas|date=26 August 2005|location=Mumbai, India|newspaper=New York Times}}</ref> After listening to advisers, Kennedy stated "We should defend India, and therefore we will defend India."<ref name="Anand" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2005/08/27/2003269368 |title=JFK, aides considered nuclear arms in China-India clash |newspaper=[[Taipei Times]] |date=3 March 2017 |access-date=10 March 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526225134/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2005/08/27/2003269368 |archive-date=26 May 2016}}</ref> By 1964, China had developed its own nuclear weapon which would have likely caused any American nuclear policy in defense of India to be reviewed.<ref name="Anand" />

The non-aligned nations remained mostly uninvolved, and only Egypt (officially the [[United Arab Republic]]) openly supported India.<ref name="Retzlaff">{{cite journal | last1 = Retzlaff | first1 = Ralph J. | year = 1963| title = India: A Year of Stability and Change | journal = Asian Survey | volume = 3 | issue = 2| pages = 96–106 | jstor = 3023681 | doi = 10.2307/3023681 }}</ref> Of the non-aligned nations, six, [[Egypt]], Burma, [[Cambodia]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Ghana]] and [[Indonesia]], met in [[Colombo]] on 10 December 1962.<ref name="timeline">{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/chtime.htm |title=Indo China Time Line |website=Rediff.com |access-date=10 March 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209030803/http://www.rediff.com/news/chtime.htm |archive-date=9 February 2017}}</ref> The proposals stipulated a Chinese withdrawal of {{convert|20|km}} from the customary lines without any reciprocal withdrawal on India's behalf.<ref name="timeline" /> The failure of these six nations to unequivocally condemn China deeply disappointed India.<ref name="Retzlaff" />

Pakistan also shared a disputed boundary with China, and had proposed to India that the two countries adopt a common defence against "northern" enemies (i.e. China), which was rejected by India, citing nonalignment.<ref name="officialhistory" /> In 1962, Pakistani president [[Ayub Khan|Muhammad Ayub Khan]] made clear to India that Indian troops could safely be transferred from the Pakistan frontier to the Himalayas.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=17 September 1965|title=Asia: Ending the Suspense|magazine=Time|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,842104-10,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521075607/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C842104-10%2C00.html|archive-date=21 May 2013}}</ref> But, after the war, Pakistan improved its relations with China.<ref name="Dobell" /> It began border negotiations on 13 October 1962, concluding them in December.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /> In 1963, the [[Sino-Pakistan Agreement|China-Pakistan Border Treaty]] was signed, as well as trade, commercial, and barter treaties.<ref name="Dobell" /> Pakistan conceded its northern claim line in [[Kashmir|Pakistani-controlled Kashmir]] to China in favour of a more southerly boundary along the Karakoram Range.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /><ref name="timeline" /><ref name="Dobell">{{cite journal|last = Dobell|first = W. M.|date=Autumn 1964|title = Ramifications of the China-Pakistan Border Treaty|journal = Pacific Affairs|volume = 37|issue = 3|pages = 283–95|doi =10.2307/2754976|jstor=2754976}}</ref> The border treaty largely set the border along the [[Macartney–MacDonald Line|MacCartney-Macdonald Line]].<ref name="Noorani" /> India's military failure against China would embolden Pakistan to initiate the [[Second Kashmir War]] with India in 1965.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

== Foreign involvement ==
During the conflict, Nehru wrote two letters on 19 November 1962 to U.S. President Kennedy, asking for 12 squadrons of fighter jets and a modern radar system. These jets were seen as necessary to beef up Indian air strength so that air-to-air combat could be initiated safely from the Indian perspective. Bombing troops was seen as unwise for fear of Chinese retaliatory action. Nehru also asked that these aircraft be manned by American pilots until Indian airmen were trained to replace them. These requests were rejected by the Kennedy Administration, which was involved in the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] during most of the Sino-Indian War. The U.S. nonetheless provided non-combat assistance to Indian forces and planned to send the carrier {{USS|Kitty Hawk|CV-63|6}} to the [[Bay of Bengal]] to support India in case of an air war.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/special/the-untold-story-how-the-us-came-to-indias-aid-in-1962/20121204.htm The Untold Story: How Kennedy came to India's aid in 1962] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217221734/http://www.rediff.com/news/special/the-untold-story-how-the-us-came-to-indias-aid-in-1962/20121204.htm |date=17 December 2013 }}, Rediff News, 4 December 2012.</ref>

As the [[Sino-Soviet split]] had already emerged, [[Soviet Union|Moscow]], while remaining formally neutral, made a major effort to render military assistance to India, especially with the sale of advanced MiG warplanes. The U.S. and Britain refused to sell these advanced weapons so India turned to the USSR. India and the USSR reached an agreement in August 1962 (before the Cuban Missile Crisis) for the immediate purchase of twelve [[MiG-21]]s as well as for Soviet technical assistance in the manufacture of these aircraft in India. According to P.R. Chari, "The intended Indian production of these relatively sophisticated aircraft could only have incensed Peking so soon after the withdrawal of Soviet technicians from China." In 1964, further Indian requests for American jets were rejected. However, Moscow offered loans, low prices and technical help in upgrading India's armaments industry. By 1964, India was a major purchaser of Soviet arms.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Chari | first1 = P.R. | year = 1979 | title = Indo-Soviet Military Cooperation: A Review | journal = Asian Survey | volume = 19 | issue = 3| pages = 230–244 [232–233] | jstor = 2643691 | doi = 10.2307/2643691 }}</ref>

According to Indian diplomat [[G. Parthasarathy]], "only after we got nothing from the US did arms supplies from the Soviet Union to India commence."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Jawaharlal-Nehru-pleaded-for-US-help-against-China-in-1962/articleshow/6931810.cms | title=Jawaharlal Nehru pleaded for US help against China in 1962 | date=16 November 2010 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411055730/http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/dec/11kavi.htm | work=[[The Times of India]] | archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref> India's favored relationship with Moscow continued into the 1980s, but ended after the collapse of Soviet Communism in 1991.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Singh | first1 = S. Nihal | year = 1984 | title = Why India goes to Moscow for arms | journal = Asian Survey | volume = 24 | issue = 7| pages = 707–720 | jstor = 2644184 | doi = 10.2307/2644184 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Blank | first1 = Stephen | last2 = Levitzky | first2 = Edward | year = 2015 | title = Geostrategic aims of the Russian arms trade in East Asia and the Middle East | journal = Defence Studies | volume = 15 | issue = 1| pages = 63–80 [67] | doi = 10.1080/14702436.2015.1010287 | s2cid = 154073320 }}</ref> In his memoirs, the then Soviet leader, [[Nikita Khrushchev]], says: "I think Mao created the Sino-Indian conflict precisely in order to draw the Soviet Union into it. He wanted to put us in the position of having no choice but to support him. He wanted to be the one who decided what we should do. But Mao made a mistake in thinking we would agree to sacrifice our independence in foreign policy."<ref name="Khrushch364">[[Nikita Khrushchev|Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev]]; [[Edward Crankshaw]]; [[Strobe Talbott]]; Jerrold L Schecter. Khrushchev remembers (volume 2): the last testament. London: Deutsch, 1974, p. 364.</ref>

== Aftermath ==
=== China ===
According to China's official military history, the war achieved China's policy objectives of securing borders in its western sector, as China continued its de facto control of the Aksai Chin.

According to James Calvin, even though China won a military victory it lost in terms of its international image. China's first nuclear weapon [[Project 596|test in October 1964]] and its support of Pakistan in the [[1965 India Pakistan War|1965 India-Pakistan War]] tended to confirm the American view of communist world objectives, including Chinese influence over Pakistan.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

Lora Saalman opined in a 2011 study of Chinese military publications, that while the war led to much blame, debates and acted as catalyst for the military modernisation of India, the war is now treated as basic reportage of facts with relatively diminished interest by Chinese analysts.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Divergence, Similarity and Symmetry in Sino-Indian Threat Perceptions|first=Lora|last=Saalman|volume=64|issue=2|date=Spring–Summer 2011|journal=[[Journal of International Affairs]]|pages=174–175}}</ref>

This changed during the 2017 [[Doklam]] crisis, when the Chinese official media made reference to the 1962 war in the context of renewed border tensions with India.<ref>Mohan Malik, [http://thediplomat.com/2017/09/china-and-india-the-roots-of-hostility/ China and India: The Roots of Hostility], The Diplomat, 12 September 2017.</ref>

=== India ===
[[File:John Kenneth Galbraith and Jawaharlal Nehru.jpg|thumb|U.S. Ambassador to India [[John Kenneth Galbraith]] and Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] conferring at the time of the conflict. This photograph was taken by the United States Information Service (USIS) and sent to President John F. Kennedy with a letter from Galbraith dated 9 November 1962.]]
The aftermath of the war saw sweeping changes in the Indian military to prepare it for similar conflicts in the future, and placed pressure on Nehru, who was seen as responsible for failing to anticipate the Chinese attack on India. Indians reacted with a surge in patriotism and memorials were erected for many of the Indian troops who died in the war. Arguably, the main lesson India learned from the war was the need to strengthen its own defences and a shift from Nehru's foreign policy with China based on his stated concept of "brotherhood". Because of India's inability to anticipate Chinese aggression, Nehru faced harsh criticism from government officials, for having promoted pacifist relations with China.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /> Indian President [[Radhakrishnan]] said that Nehru's government was naive and negligent about preparations, and Nehru admitted "We had been living in a world of our own making".<ref name=BlackNovember /> According to Inder Malhotra, a former editor of ''The Times of India'' and a commentator for ''The Indian Express'', Indian politicians invested more effort in removing Defence Minister [[Krishna Menon]] than in actually waging war.<ref name="BlackNovember" /> Menon's favouritism weakened the Indian Army, and national morale dimmed.<ref name="BlackNovember" /> The public saw the war as a political and military debacle.<ref name="BlackNovember" /> Though the demand to deploy air force was raised, American envoy [[John Kenneth Galbraith]] and Indian intelligence officer [[Bhola Nath Mullik|B. N. Mullick]] had advised against the use of air force believing that the Chinese would bomb Indian cities in retaliation.<ref name="Verma">{{cite book | last=Verma | first=B. | title=Indian Defence Review Oct-Dec 2012 Vol 27.4 | publisher=Lancer International, Lancer Press | year=2013 | isbn=978-81-7062-218-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyo2BMi7dBoC&pg=PA5 | page=5}}</ref><ref name="Bhardwaj">{{cite book | last=Bhardwaj | first=A. | title=India-America Relations (1942-62): Rooted in the Liberal International Order | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Routledge Studies in US Foreign Policy | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-351-18681-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S_h1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT177| pages=177–178}}</ref> India ultimately refrained from using the [[Indian air force|Indian Air Force]] as it lacked the defence equipments to counter Chinese retaliation.<ref name="Gupta 2014 p. 210">{{cite book | last=Gupta | first=S. | title=The Himalayan Face-Off: Chinese Assertion and the Indian Riposte | publisher=Hachette India | year=2014 | isbn=978-93-5009-606-2 | page=210}}</ref><ref name="Logan 2021">{{cite book | last=Logan | first=W.A.T. | title=A Technological History of Cold-War India, 1947–⁠1969: Autarky and Foreign Aid | publisher=Springer International Publishing | series=Palgrave Studies in the History of Science and Technology | year=2021 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PBLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA105| page=105| isbn=9783030787677 }}</ref> Indians in general became highly sceptical of China and its military. Many Indians view the war as a betrayal of India's attempts at establishing a long-standing peace with China and started to question the once popular "Hindi-Chini bhai-bhai" (meaning "Indians and Chinese are brothers"). The war also put an end to Nehru's earlier hopes that India and China would form a strong Asian Axis to counteract the increasing influence of the [[Cold War]] bloc superpowers.<ref name="Garver" />

The unpreparedness of the army was blamed on Defence Minister Menon, who resigned his government post to allow for someone who might modernise India's military. India's policy of weaponisation via indigenous sources and self-sufficiency was thus cemented. Sensing a weakened army, Pakistan, a close ally of China, began a policy of provocation against India by [[Operation Gibraltar|infiltrating]] [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and ultimately triggering the Second Kashmir War with India in 1965 and [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]]. The attack of 1965 was successfully stopped and ceasefire was negotiated under international pressure.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} In the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 India won a clear victory, resulting in liberation of Bangladesh (formerly East-Pakistan).<ref>{{citation |title=1971 India–Pakistan War, Part VII: The Surrender |publisher=SAPRA Foundation |location=New Delhi |url=http://www.subcontinent.com:80/1971war/surrender.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102010708/http://www.subcontinent.com/1971war/surrender.html |archive-date=2 January 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/news/1971-war-i-will-give-you-30-minutes-news-columns-jmqlV0fcjja.html |title=1971 War: 'I will give you 30 minutes' |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=25 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624053518/http://www.sify.com/news/1971-war-i-will-give-you-30-minutes-news-columns-jmqlV0fcjja.html |archive-date=24 June 2012}}</ref>

As a result of the war, the Indian government commissioned an investigation, resulting in the classified [[Henderson Brooks–Bhagat Report]] on the causes of the war and the reasons for failure. India's performance in high-altitude combat in 1962 led to an overhaul of the Indian Army in terms of doctrine, training, organisation and equipment. Neville Maxwell claimed that the Indian role in international affairs after the border war was also greatly reduced after the war and India's standing in the non-aligned movement suffered.<ref name="Neville_Maxwell" /> The Indian government has attempted to keep the Hendersen-Brooks-Bhagat Report secret for decades, although portions of it have recently been leaked by Neville Maxwell.<ref>{{cite report|author=David Brewster|url=https://www.academia.edu/7698503|title=Leaked 1962 report reveals India's still-unresolved military weaknesses, Lowy Interpreter, 2 April 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828015136/http://www.academia.edu/7698503/_Leaked_1962_report_reveals_Indias_still-unresolved_military_weaknesses_Lowy_Interpreter_2_April_2014|archive-date=28 August 2017}}</ref>

According to James Calvin, India gained many benefits from the 1962 conflict. This war united the country as never before. India got 32,000 square miles (8.3 million hectares, 83,000 km2) of disputed territory even if it felt that NEFA was hers all along. The new Indian republic had avoided international alignments; by asking for help during the war, India demonstrated its willingness to accept military aid from several sectors. And, finally, India recognised the serious weaknesses in its army. It would more than double its military manpower in the next two years and it would work hard to resolve the military's training and logistic problems to later become [[List of countries by size of armed forces|the second-largest army in the world]]. India's efforts to improve its military posture significantly enhanced its army's capabilities and preparedness.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

=== Internment and deportation of Chinese Indians ===
{{Main|Internment of Chinese Indians}}

Soon after the end of the war, the Indian government passed the [[Defence of India act and Defence of India rules, 1962|Defence of India Act in December 1962]],<ref name="open">{{cite web |url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/the-1962-jailing-of-chinese-indians |title=The 1962 jailing of Chinese Indians |author=Jaideep Mazumdar |publisher=[[OPEN (Indian magazine)|OPEN]] |date=20 November 2010 |access-date=17 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218104951/http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/the-1962-jailing-of-chinese-indians |archive-date=18 December 2013}}</ref> permitting the "apprehension and detention in custody of any person [suspected] of being of hostile origin." The broad language of the act allowed for the arrest of any person simply for having a Chinese surname, Chinese ancestry or a Chinese spouse.<ref name="atlantic">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/08/indias-forgotten-chinese-internment-camp/278519/ |title=India's Forgotten Chinese Internment Camp |author=Matt Schiavenza |magazine=[[The Atlantic]] |date=9 August 2013 |access-date=17 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109132110/http://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/08/indias-forgotten-chinese-internment-camp/278519/ |archive-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> The Indian government incarcerated thousands of Chinese-Indians in an [[internment]] camp in [[Deoli, Rajasthan|Deoli]], [[Rajasthan]], where they were held for years without trial. The last internees were not released until 1967. Thousands more Chinese-Indians were forcibly deported or coerced to leave India. Nearly all internees had their properties sold off or looted.<ref name="open" /> Even after their release, the Chinese Indians faced many restrictions in their freedom. They could not travel freely until the mid-1990s.<ref name="open" />

=== Subsequent conflicts between India and China ===
{{Main|Nathu La and Cho La clashes|1987 Sino-Indian skirmish|2017 China–India border standoff|2020–2021 China–India skirmishes|2022 Yangtse clash}}

India has also had some military conflicts with China after the 1962 war. In late 1967, there were two conflicts in which both countries clashed in Sikkim. These conflicts were dubbed the [[Nathu La and Cho La clashes|"Nathu La" and "Cho La" clashes]] respectively, in which advancing Chinese forces were forced to withdraw from Sikkim, then a protectorate of India and later a state of India after its annexation in 1975.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Bajpai|first1=Kanti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r6PSDwAAQBAJ&q=%22nathu%20la%20and%20cho%20la%22&pg=PT223|title=Routledge Handbook of China–India Relations|last2=Ho|first2=Selina|last3=Miller|first3=Manjari Chatterjee|date=25 February 2020|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-351-00154-0|location=United Kingdom & United States|pages=|language=en|access-date=16 February 2021|archive-date=25 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125010822/https://books.google.com/books?id=r6PSDwAAQBAJ&q=%22nathu+la+and+cho+la%22&pg=PT223|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[1987 Sino-Indian skirmish]], both sides showed [[Restraint (military)|military restraint]] and it was a bloodless conflict. In [[2017 China–India border standoff|2017 the two countries once again were involved in a military standoff]], in which several troops were injured. In 2020, soldiers were killed in [[2020 China–India skirmishes|skirmishes]] for the first time since the war ended. In 2022, dozens of Chinese and Indian soldiers were injured after [[2022 Yangtse clash|a clash in Yangtse]] between both countries.

=== Impacts in Pakistan ===
{{POV section|date=February 2023|reason=One-sided Pakistani views}}
After the Sino-Indian border war, [[China–Pakistan relations|Pakistan established close military and strategic relations with China]] and signed the [[Sino-Pakistan Agreement]] to delineate the Sino-Pakistan border.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Manjari |first1=Chatterjee Miller |title=How China and Pakistan Forged Close Ties |url=https://www.cfr.org/article/how-china-and-pakistan-forged-close-ties |publisher=Originally at [[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Andrew |first1=Small |title=The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia's New Geopolitics |pages=9–26 |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/25748/chapter-abstract/193296811?redirectedFrom=fulltext |chapter=1 A Friendship Forged by War |date=2015 |publisher=C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd. |isbn=978-0-19-021075-5}}</ref>

In the aftermath of India's defeat the United States shipped arms to India, which prompted a cooling off in [[Pakistan–United States relations|Pakistan-United States relations]].<ref name="Hussain">{{cite book |last=Hussain |first=Syed Riaat |chapter=Sino-Pakistani ties |editor=Thomas Fingar |title=The New Great Game: China and South and Central Asia in the Era of Reform |publisher=Stanford University Press |date=2016 |isbn=978-0-8047-9764-1 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7H9zCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA120 |pages=120–121}}</ref> The United States did not provide advance notice to Pakistan of the arms' shipment and ignored Pakistan's concerns that these arms might be used by India against Pakistan.<ref name="Hussain"/> Additionally, [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]] was disappointed that Pakistan's decision not to take advantage of Indian vulnerabilities during its war with China was not rewarded with serious United States efforts in negotiations to settle the Kashmir dispute.<ref name="Hussain"/> Convinced that diplomatic solutions would not favor Pakistan, Pakistan launched ''[[Operation Gibraltar]]'' against India,<ref name="Hussain"/> which escalated to the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], with results favoring India.<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book |last=Aziz |first=Sartaj |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009\story_9-8-2009_pg3_5 |title=Between Dreams and Realities: Some Milestones in Pakistan's History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-547718-4 |location=Karachi, Pakistan |pages=408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919042907/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C08%5C09%5Cstory_9-8-2009_pg3_5 |archive-date=2013-09-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Diplomatic process ==
In 1993 and 1996, the two sides signed the Sino-Indian Bilateral Peace and Tranquility Accords, agreements to maintain peace and tranquility along the Line of Actual Control. Ten meetings of a Sino-Indian Joint Working Group (SIJWG) and five of an expert group have taken place to determine where the LoAC lies, but little progress has occurred.

On 20 November 2006,<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/000944550604300109|title=Chronology of India-China Relations, 2006|journal=China Report|date= 1 January 2007|volume=43|pages=101–114|publisher=doi.org|doi=10.1177/000944550604300109|s2cid=220873221|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Indian politicians from Arunachal Pradesh expressed their concern over Chinese military modernization and appealed to parliament to take a harder stance on the PRC following a military buildup on the border similar to that in 1962.<ref name="India_soft">{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/nov/20jintao1.htm |title='India soft on China's Arunachal claim' |work=Rediff.com |access-date=10 March 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423190339/http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/nov/20jintao1.htm |archive-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> Additionally, China's military aid to Pakistan as well is a matter of concern to the Indian public,<ref name="Swaminathan" /> as the two sides have engaged in [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|various wars]].

On 6 July 2006, the historic [[Silk Road]] passing through this territory via the [[Nathu La]] pass was reopened. Both sides have agreed to resolve the issues by peaceful means.

In October 2011,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/China-January-2012.pdf|title=india-china bilateral relations – Ministry of External Affairs|date= 10 January 2012|publisher=mea.gov.in}}</ref> it was stated that India and China will formulate a border mechanism to handle different perceptions as to the Line of Actual Control and resume the bilateral army exercises between the Indian and Chinese army from early 2012.<ref>{{citation |title=India-China to resume annual defence dialogue early next year |newspaper=IBN Live |date=8 October 2011 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com:80/generalnewsfeed/news/indiachina-to-resume-annual-defence-dialogue-early-next-year/850932.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011151729/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/indiachina-to-resume-annual-defence-dialogue-early-next-year/850932.html |archive-date=11 October 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2523730.ece |title=India-China border mechanism by year-end |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=10 March 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706122750/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2523730.ece |archive-date=6 July 2014}}</ref>

== Military awards ==
Indian gallantry award winners from the army include 3 [[Param Vir Chakra]] awardees, 20 [[Maha Vir Chakra]] awardees and 67 [[Vir Chakra]] awardees. Indian Air Force personnel to get the award include 1 Maha Vir Chakra awardee and 8 Vir Chakra awardees.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gallantry Awards|url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/awardees|access-date=20 July 2021|website=www.gallantryawards.gov.in|publisher=Ministry of Defence, Government of India|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629220256/https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/awardees|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Santu Jouharmal Shahaney]], an [[IOFS]] officer, who served as the first Indian Director General [[Indian Ordnance Factories]] (DGOF). He was awarded [[Padma Shri]] in 1962, by the Government of India, in the Civil Service category, for his contributions during the war.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.gazette.csl_extraordinary.1965-10-27.E-1769-1965-0004-80378/E-1769-1965-0004-80378_djvu.txt|title = Extraordinary Gazette of India, 1965-10-27, Extra Ordinary|date = 27 October 1965}}</ref>

=== India ===
{{legend2|#e3d9ff|This along with the *, indicates posthumously presented awards.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name
!Award!! Unit !! Date of action!! Conflict !! Place of action!!class="unsortable"|Citations
|-
| [[Dhan Singh Thapa]]
|[[Param Vir Chakra|PVC]]||[[8 Gorkha Rifles]] || style="text-align:center;"|{{dts|20 October 1962}} || Sino-Indian War || [[Pangong Lake]], [[Ladakh]], [[India]]||<ref name="Param Vir Chakra winners since 1950">{{cite web|author1=Indiatimes News Network|title=Param Vir Chakra Winners Since 1950|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Param-Vir-Chakra-winners-since-1950/articleshow/2731710.cms|website=Times of India|date=25 January 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161018224154/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Param-Vir-Chakra-winners-since-1950/articleshow/2731710.cms|archive-date=18 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="21 Param Vir Chakra Winners Every Indian Should Know And Be Proud Of">{{cite web|author1=Rishabh Banerji|title=21 Param Vir Chakra Winners Every Indian Should Know and Be Proud of|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/21-param-vir-chakra-winners-every-indian-should-know-and-be-proud-of-244199.html|website=Indiatimes|date=15 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917194224/http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/21-param-vir-chakra-winners-every-indian-should-know-and-be-proud-of-244199.html|archive-date=17 September 2016}}</ref>{{Sfn|Chakravorty|Thapliyal|1995|pp=79–80}}
|-
| [[Joginder Singh Sahnan]]
|[[Param Vir Chakra|PVC]]||[[Sikh Regiment]] || style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;"|{{dts|23 October 1962}}* ||Sino-Indian War || [[Tongpen La]], [[North-East Frontier Agency|NEFA]], [[India]]||<ref name="Param Vir Chakra winners since 1950" /><ref name="21 Param Vir Chakra Winners Every Indian Should Know And Be Proud Of" />{{Sfn|Chakravorty|Thapliyal|1995|pp=58–59}}
|-
| [[Shaitan Singh]]
|[[Param Vir Chakra|PVC]]||[[Kumaon Regiment]] || style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;"|{{dts|18 November 1962}}* || Sino-Indian War || [[Rezang La]], [[Ladakh]], [[India]]||<ref name="Param Vir Chakra winners since 1950" /><ref name="21 Param Vir Chakra Winners Every Indian Should Know And Be Proud Of" />{{Sfn|Chakravorty|Thapliyal|1995|pp=73–74}}
|-
|[[Jaswant Singh Rawat]]
|[[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]]||4th [[Garhwal Rifles]]||style="background:#e3d9ff; text-align:center;"|{{dts|17 November 1962}}*||Sino-Indian War||[[Nuranang Falls]], [[North-East Frontier Agency|NEFA]], [[India]]||<ref name="Indian Army, Infantry, The Garhwal Rifles, Award Winners">{{cite web|title=The Gharwal Rifles, Award Winners (Post Independence)|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=EXEcypffPFSwd8Obvc5/eA==&ParentID=pwq1lqy4Qf4TklM8ouUNcw==&flag=8CKP966uzg96kLov0aWdfQ==|website=Indian Army|access-date=25 January 2022|archive-date=9 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009120842/https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=EXEcypffPFSwd8Obvc5%2FeA%3D%3D&ParentID=pwq1lqy4Qf4TklM8ouUNcw%3D%3D&flag=8CKP966uzg96kLov0aWdfQ%3D%3D|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Tapishwar Narain Raina]]
|[[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]]
|[[Kumaon Regiment]]
|20 October 1962
|Sino-Indian War
|[[Chushul sector|Chushul]], Ladakh, India
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chief of the Army Staff: General Tapishwar Narain Raina|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp1PTC2C.aspx?MnId=7cdMkWGoRIazW9ShEKcLHg==&ParentID=a9V/Qk3P4h429pviRNtwgA==&flag=8CKP966uzg96kLov0aWdfQ==|access-date=20 July 2021|website=Indian Army, Government of India|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720111008/https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp1PTC2C.aspx?MnId=7cdMkWGoRIazW9ShEKcLHg%3D%3D&ParentID=a9V%2FQk3P4h429pviRNtwgA%3D%3D&flag=8CKP966uzg96kLov0aWdfQ%3D%3D|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jag Mohan Nath]]
|[[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]]
|General Duties [[(Pilot)]]
|1962
|Sino-Indian War
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=Srinivasan|first=Pankaja|date=6 September 2015|title=The pilot who 'shot' Pakistan|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-pilot-who-shot-pakistan/article7620308.ece|access-date=20 July 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720111006/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-pilot-who-shot-pakistan/article7620308.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

=== China ===
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}

== In popular culture ==
{{Quote box
| quote = The old soldier broke in. "All the time they were quarreling with us these last two years over the boundary lines, they were planning. 'Our line is five thousand years old,' we said. 'Ours is eight thousand,' they said. Bitterness on both sides! But we never thought then that they would attack."
| source = ''[[Mandala (novel)|Mandala]]''<ref name=Buck />
| author = -- [[Pearl S. Buck]]
| width = 250px
| bgcolor = #E0E6F8
}}{{See also|:Category:Sino-Indian War films}}
Pearl S. Buck's ''[[Mandala (novel)|Mandala]]'' has an account of the war and the predicament of the Indian government and the army in the face of the better-equipped and organised Chinese forces. The central character in the novel, a [[Maharana of Mewar]], has his son fighting the Chinese in the war and dies in the battle of [[Chushul]].<ref name="Buck">{{citation |last=Buck |first=Pearl S. |author-link=Pearl S. Buck |title=Mandala |publisher=The John Day Company |location=New York |year=1970 |url=https://archive.org/details/mandalabuck00buck |via=archive.org}}</ref> Australian author [[Jon Cleary]] wrote a novel set during the conflict, ''[[The Pulse of Danger]]'' (1966).<ref name="Vagg">[http://colsearch.nfsa.gov.au/nfsa/search/display/display.w3p;adv=;group=;groupequals=;holdingType=;page=0;parentid=;query=vagg%20cleary;querytype=;rec=0;resCount=10 Jon Cleary Interviewed by Stephen Vagg: Oral History] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121130060212/http://colsearch.nfsa.gov.au/nfsa/search/display/display.w3p;adv=;group=;groupequals=;holdingType=;page=0;parentid=;query=vagg%20cleary;querytype=;rec=0;resCount=10 |date=30 November 2012 }} at [[National Film and Sound Archive]]</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 December 1966|title=Books into films|page=10|newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]]|location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article106950009|access-date=18 April 2020|via=Trove|archive-date=25 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125010831/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/106950009|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1963, against the backdrop of the Sino-Indian War, [[Lata Mangeshkar]] sang the patriotic song "[[Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo]]{{-"}} (literally, "Oh, the People of My Country") in the presence of Nehru. The song, composed by [[C. Ramchandra]] and written by [[Kavi Pradeep|Pradeep]], is said to have brought the Prime Minister to tears.<ref name="encyclopaedia_of_hindi_cinema">{{cite book| last = Khubchandani| first = Lata| editor = [[Gulzar (lyricist)|Gulzar]] |editor2=[[Govind Nihalani]] |editor3=Saibal Chatterjee| title = Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema| year = 2003| publisher = Popular Prakashan| isbn = 978-81-7991-066-5| pages = 486–487}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/dec/11kavi.htm|title=Kavi Pradeep, master of the patriotic song, dies at 84|date=11 December 1998|access-date=4 November 2010|work=[[Rediff.com]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411055730/http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/dec/11kavi.htm|archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref>

Depictions of the 1962 war in [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]] include: ''[[Haqeeqat (1964 film)|Haqeeqat]]'' (1964), ''[[Ratha Thilagam]]'' (1963),<ref>{{Citation|title=Ratha Thilagam|url=https://erosnow.com/movie/watch/1047465/Ratha-Thilagam|publisher=[[Eros Now]]|language=en|access-date=30 June 2021|archive-date=25 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125010830/https://erosnow.com/movie/watch/1047465/Ratha-Thilagam|url-status=live}}.</ref> ''1962: My Country Land'' (2016),<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 May 2016|title=Dibrugarh lad's film 1962: My Country Land to be screened at Cannes|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-cinema/dibrugarh-lad-s-film-1962-my-country-land-to-be-screened-at-cannes/story-HLCIxmBR1LVnQhRZSr9RRP.html|access-date=30 June 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=25 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125010824/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-cinema/dibrugarh-lad-s-film-1962-my-country-land-to-be-screened-at-cannes/story-HLCIxmBR1LVnQhRZSr9RRP.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Tubelight (2017 Hindi film)|Tubelight]]'' (2017),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tubelight|url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Tubelight/0TAB6G50N58JUZ6ZSNZXEZJVKR|access-date=30 June 2021|website=[[Amazon Prime Video]]|language=en-us|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181157/https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Tubelight/0TAB6G50N58JUZ6ZSNZXEZJVKR|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[72 Hours: Martyr Who Never Died]]'' (2019) based on the life of [[Jaswant Singh Rawat]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=72 Hours: Martyr Who Never Died|url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/72-Hours-Martyr-Who-Never-Died/0M2CTFCCYKMAF96HB2M60AK72K|access-date=30 June 2021|website=[[Amazon Prime Video]]|language=en-us|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181632/https://www.primevideo.com/detail/72-Hours-Martyr-Who-Never-Died/0M2CTFCCYKMAF96HB2M60AK72K|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Subedar Joginder Singh (film)|''Subedar Joginder Singh'']] (2017) about soldier [[Joginder Singh (soldier)|Joginder Singh]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Subedar Joginder Singh| date=13 January 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Ow3g072C3I |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/7Ow3g072C3I| archive-date=11 December 2021 |url-status=live|publisher=[[YouTube Movies]]|language=en|access-date=30 June 2021}}{{cbignore}}.</ref> [[Paltan (film)|''Paltan'']] (2018) is based on the later 1967 Nathu La and Cho La clashes along the Sikkim border and is set just after 1962 war.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paltan|url=https://www.zee5.com/global/movies/details/paltan-watch-it-on-zee5/0-0-7361|access-date=30 June 2021|website=[[ZEE5]]|language=en|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181250/https://www.zee5.com/global/movies/details/paltan-watch-it-on-zee5/0-0-7361|url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[1962: The War in the Hills]]'' is a 2021 Indian web series based on the [[Battle of Rezang La]] during the war. It released on [[Hotstar]], with its release being advanced due to the 2020–2021 China–India skirmishes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1962: The War in the Hills|url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/1962-the-war-in-the-hills/1260053517|access-date=30 June 2021|website=Disney+ Hotstar|language=en|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181636/https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/1962-the-war-in-the-hills/1260053517|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=17 September 2020|title=Abhay Deol-Mahesh Manjrekar's web series on Indo-China war preponed to cash in on the anti-China sentiment|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/scoop-abhay-deol-mahesh-manjrekars-web-series-indo-china-war-preponed-cash-anti-china-sentiment/|access-date=29 March 2021|website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503035828/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/scoop-abhay-deol-mahesh-manjrekars-web-series-indo-china-war-preponed-cash-anti-china-sentiment/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Battle of Talas]]
* [[Chinese salami slicing strategy]]
* [[Dogra–Tibetan War]]
* [[China–India relations]]
* [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]]
* [[Line of Actual Control]]
* [[Sino-Indian border dispute]]
* [[List of wars involving India]]
* [[Sino-Indian War of 1967]]
* [[Kushan Empire]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist|30em}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |first=Arun Kumar |last=Banerji |chapter=Borders |editor=Jayanta Kumar Ray |title=Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nyk6oA2nOlgC |year=2007 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-0834-7 |pages=173–256 |ref={{sfnref|Banerji, Borders|2007}}}}
* Calvin, James Bernard, "The China – India Border War" (Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 1984).
* {{cite book | last1=Chakravorty | first1=B. | last2=Thapliyal | first2=Uma Prasad | title=Stories of heroism | publisher=Allied Publishers | publication-place=New Delhi | date=1995 | isbn=978-81-7023-516-3}}
* {{citation |first=Chaowu |last=Dai |chapter=From 'Hindi-Chini Bhai-Bhai' to 'international class struggle' against Nehru: China's India policy and the frontier dispute, 1950–62 |title=Ibid |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCElDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA68 |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-315-38893-9 |pages=68–84 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |ref={{sfnref|Chaowu, From 'Hindi-Chini Bhai-Bhai' to 'international class struggle' against Nehru|2016}}}}
* {{citation |editor1-first=Amit R. |editor1-last=Das Gupta |editor2-first=Lorenz M. |editor2-last=Lüthi |title=The Sino-Indian War of 1962: New perspectives |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hFRuDQAAQBAJ |year=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-315-38892-2}}
* {{citation |last1=Fisher |first1=Margaret W. |last2=Rose |first2=Leo E. |last3=Huttenback |first3=Robert A. |title=Himalayan Battleground: Sino-Indian Rivalry in Ladakh |date=1963 |publisher=Praeger |url=https://archive.org/details/himalayanbattleg0000unse/mode/2up |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground|1963}}}}
* {{citation |last=Lamb |first=Alastair |date=1966 |title=The Mc Mahon Line : A Study in the Relations between India, China and Tibet, 1904 to 1914 |volume=2 |oclc=468648584}}
* {{cite journal | last=Lin | first=Hsiao-Ting | title=Boundary, sovereignty, and imagination: Reconsidering the frontier disputes between British India and Republican China, 1914–47 | journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History | volume=32 | issue=3 | date=2004 | issn=0308-6534 | doi=10.1080/0308653042000279650 | pages=25–47}}
* {{citation |first=Lorenz M. |last=Lüthi |chapter=India's Relations with China, 1945–1974 |title=Ibid |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCElDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA29 |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-315-38893-9 |pages=29–47 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |ref={{sfnref|Lüthi, India's Relations with China|2016}}}}
* {{citation |last=Maxwell |first=Neville |author-link=Neville Maxwell |title=India's China War |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csbHAAAAIAAJ |year=1970 |publisher=Pantheon Books |isbn=978-0-394-47051-1 |ref={{sfnref|Maxwell, India's China War|1970}}}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Maxwell|first1=Neville|last2=Noorani|first2=A. G.|date=1971|title=India's Forward Policy|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/651889|journal=The China Quarterly|publisher=Cambridge University Press on behalf of the School of Oriental and African Studies|volume=45|issue=45|pages=157–163|doi=10.1017/S0305741000010481|jstor=651889|s2cid=153895462 |access-date=29 January 2021|url-access=subscription}}
* {{citation |last=Mehra |first=Parshotham |title="John Lall, Aksai Chin and Sino-Indian Conflict" (Book review) |journal=China Report |volume=27 |pages=147–154 |number=2 |year=1991 |doi=10.1177/000944559102700206 |s2cid=153622885 |ref={{sfnref|Mehra, John Lall (Book review)|1991}}}}
* {{citation |last=Mehra |first=Parshotam |title=An "agreed" frontier: Ladakh and India's northernmost borders, 1846–1947 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mIduAAAAMAAJ |year=1992 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-562758-9 |ref={{sfnref|Mehra, An "agreed" frontier|1992}}}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Noorani|first=A. G.|date=1970|title=India's Forward Policy, Book reviews of ''Himalayan Blunder: The Curtain-Raiser to the Sino-Indian War of 1962'' by J. P. Dalvi; ''The Untold Story'' by B. M. Kaul; ''The Guilty Men of 1962'' by D. R. Mankekar |journal=The China Quarterly |publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=43|issue=July–September|pages=136–141 |doi=10.1017/S0305741000044805 |jstor=652088|s2cid=153324884|authorlink=A. G. Noorani }}
* {{citation |last=Noorani |first=A.G. |author-link=A. G. Noorani |title=India–China Boundary Problem 1846–1947: History and Diplomacy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GoAyDwAAQBAJ |year=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press India |isbn=978-0-19-908839-3 |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198070689.001.0001 |ref={{sfnref|Noorani, India–China Boundary Problem|2010}}|url-access=subscription }}
* {{Citation|last=Palace|first=Wendy|title=Losing Face: the British foreign service and the question of Tibet 1904–1922|date=1995|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/9640623.pdf|volume=|pages=|publisher=Durham E-Theses, Durham University}}
* {{citation |last=Palit |first=D. K. |title=War in High Himalaya: The Indian Army in Crisis, 1962 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ukw1PuEt8IcC |year=1991 |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers |isbn=978-1-85065-103-1 |ref={{sfnref|Palit, War in High Himalaya|1991}}}}
* {{citation |last=Snedden |first=Christopher |title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5KMCwAAQBAJ |year=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-1-84904-342-7 |ref={{sfnref|Snedden, Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|2015}}}}
* {{citation |last1=Van Eekelen |first1=Willem Frederik |title=Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eTzBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA163 |year=2013 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-017-6555-8 |ref={{sfnref|Van Eekelen, Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute|2013}}}}
* {{citation |editor-first=K. |editor-last=Warikoo |title=Himalayan Frontiers of India: Historical, Geo-Political and Strategic Perspectives |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_Z8AgAAQBAJ |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-03294-5}}
* {{citation |last=Karim |first=Afsir |chapter=Strategic dimensions of the trans-Himalayan frontiers |title=Ibid |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_Z8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA56 |date=2009 |pages=56–66 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-03294-5 |ref={{sfnref|Karim, Strategic dimensions of the trans-Himalayan frontiers|2009}}}}
* {{citation |last=Warikoo |first=K. |chapter=India's gateway to Central Asia: trans-Himalayan trade and cultural movements through Kashmir and Ladakh, 1846–1947 |title=Ibid |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_Z8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |date=2009 |pages=1–13 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-03294-5 |ref={{sfnref|Warikoo, India's gateway to Central Asia|2009}}}}
* {{citation |last=Woodman |first=Dorothy |title=Himalayan Frontiers: A Political Review of British, Chinese, Indian, and Russian Rivalries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkCAAAAAIAAJ |year=1970 |orig-year=first published in 1969 by Barrie & Rockliff, The Cresset Press |publisher=Praeger |ref={{sfnref|Woodman, Himalayan Frontiers|1970}}}}
* {{Citation |last=Wortzel |first=Larry M. |chapter=Concentrating Forces and Audacious Action: PLA lessons from the Sino-Indian War |author-link=Larry Wortzel |editor1=Laurie Burkitt |editor2=Andrew Scobell |editor3=Larry M. Wortzel. |title=The Lessons of History: The Chinese people's Liberation Army at 75 |publisher=[[Strategic Studies Institute]] |pages=340–341 |date=July 2003 |isbn=978-1-58487-126-2 |chapter-url=https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pdffiles/PUB52.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205072610/http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB52.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2012}}

== Further reading ==
{{Library resources box}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Brecher | first1 = Michael | year = 1979 | title = Non-alignment under stress: The West and the India-China border war | journal = Pacific Affairs | volume = 52 | issue = 4| pages = 612–630 | doi = 10.2307/2757064 | jstor = 2757064 }}
* {{citation |last=Chakravorty |first= P. K. |title=Sino-Indian War of 1962 |journal=[[Indian Historical Review]] |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=285–312 |date=2017 |doi= 10.1177/0376983617726649 |oclc=7259569720}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Chervin| first1 = Reed| year = 2020| title = 'Cartographic Aggression': Media Politics, Propaganda, and the Sino-Indian Border Dispute | journal = Journal of Cold War Studies | volume = 22| issue = 3| pages = 225–247| doi = 10.1162/jcws_a_00911| s2cid = 221117342| doi-access = free}}
* Dalvi, John. [[Himalayan Blunder]]. Natraj Publishers.
*{{cite book |last1=Galbraith |first1=John Kenneth |author-link=John Kenneth Galbraith |title=Ambassador's Journal: A Personal Account of the Kennedy Years |date=1969 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston |isbn=978-0395077085}}
*{{Cite book|last=Gardner|first=Kyle|title=The Frontier Complex: Geopolitics and the Making of the India-China Border, 1846–1962|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2021|isbn=978-1-108-84059-0}}
* {{citation |last=Garver |first=John W. |title=Protracted Contest: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOVaMckcO0MC |year=2011 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=978-0-295-80120-9 |ref={{sfnref|Garver, Protracted Contest|2011}}}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Li | first1 = Mingjiang | year = 2011 | title = Ideological dilemma: Mao's China and the Sino-Soviet split, 1962–63 | journal = Cold War History | volume = 11 | issue = 3| pages = 387–419 | doi = 10.1080/14682745.2010.498822 | s2cid = 153617754 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Lamb | first = Alastair | title = The China-India Border: The Origins of the Disputed Boundaries | publisher = Oxford University Press | series = L | year = 1964 }}
* Lintner, Bertil (2018). ''China's India War: Collision Course on the Roof of the World''. Oxford University Press.
* Malone, David ''Does the Elephant Dance?: Contemporary Indian Foreign Policy'' – Oxford University Press, 2011 – 425 p. – {{ISBN|9780199552023}}
* [[Myrdal, Gunnar]]. ''Asian Drama; An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations.'' New York: Random House, 1968
* {{cite book |last1=Riedel |first1=Bruce |author-link=Bruce Riedel |title=JFK's Forgotten Crisis: Tibet, the CIA, and the Sino-Indian War |date=2015 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |isbn=978-0-8157-2699-9}}
* ''History of the Conflict with China'', 1962. P.B. Sinha, A.A. Athale, with S.N. Prasad, chief editor, History Division, Ministry of Defence, Government of India, 1992. — Official Indian history of the Sino-Indian War.
* Whiting, Allen S. ''The Chinese Calculus of Deterrence: India and Indochina.'' (1975) [https://archive.org/details/thechinesecalcul00whit online]
* ''The Sino-Indian Boundary Question'' [Enlarged Edition], Foreign Languages Press, Peking, 1962
* ''The History of Counterattack Action on Sino-Indian Border (中印边境自卫反击作战史''), Military science publishing house, Beijing.
* {{Cite book|last=Vengasseri|first=Ismail|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_IIEAAAQBAJ|title=1962 Border War: Sino-Indian Territorial Disputes and Beyond|publisher=Sage Publishing India|date=November 2020|isbn=9789353885298|location=|pages=}}

{{China–India relations}}
{{Military of India}}
{{India topics}}
{{PRC conflicts}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sino-Indian War| ]]
[[Category:China–India military relations]]
[[Category:Invasions by China]]
[[Category:Invasions of India]]
[[Category:Territorial disputes of China]]
[[Category:Territorial disputes of India]]
[[Category:Wars involving the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Wars involving India]]
[[Category:Cold War military history of China]]
[[Category:Sino-Indian border dispute|-]]
[[Category:Cold War conflicts]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 in India]]
[[Category:1962 in China]]
[[Category:Nehru administration]]
[[Category:October 1962 in Asia]]
[[Category:November 1962 in Asia]]

Kathlaur Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-03-06T15:47:33Z

RomanStrock4259: new basic entry first draft.

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Pathankot district, Punjab, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Kathlaur Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name = Kathlour–Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| image =
| image_caption =
| map = India Punjab#India
| map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| relief = 1
| coordinates = {{coord|32.275797|75.440341|display=inline,title|region:IN-PB|name=Kathlaur Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 11
| location = Pathankot district, Punjab, India
| nearest_city = Pathankot
| area = 758.40 ha
| established = 2007
| governing_body = Department of Forest and Wildlife (Punjab)
}}

'''Kathlaur Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a [[List of wildlife sanctuaries of India|wildlife sanctuary]] in [[Pathankot district]] in the Indian state of Punjab.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/punjab/pathankot/kathlour-kushlian-wildlife-sanctuary |title=Kathlour-Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary |publisher=Incredible India |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>

==History and designation==
The area was notified as a wildlife sanctuary by the Government of Punjab in 2007 (Punjab Government Notification No. 34/13/2007/Ft-V/6133 dated 28 June 2007).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://forest.punjab.gov.in/en/eco-tourism/wildlife/ |title=Wildlife Sanctuary list |publisher=Department of Forest & Wildlife Preservation, Punjab |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://moef.gov.in/uploads/2017/06/Kathlaur-Kushalia%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary.pdf |title=Notification: Kathlaur–Kushalia Wildlife Sanctuary (Gazette / MoEF Annexures) |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (Gazette PDF) |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>
The notified protected area covers approximately 758.40 hectares (about 1,896 acres) of government forest land and includes lands in and around the villages of Kushalian and Kathlour and adjoining villages.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wildtrails.in/kathlaur-kushlian-wildlife-sanctuary/ |title=Kathlaur Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary |publisher=WildTrails |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>

==Geography and habitat==
The sanctuary lies near Pathankot (about 25 km from the city) and is situated on the floodplain of the [[Ravi River|River Ravi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/punjab/pathankot/kathlour-kushlian-wildlife-sanctuary |title=Kathlour-Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary (location) |publisher=Incredible India |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>
Habitats in the sanctuary include closed-canopy forest, grassland patches ([[Saccharum]] and native grasses) and water bodies that support mammals and a variety of birds.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pathankot.nic.in/tourist-place/kathlour-wildlife-sanctuary/ |title=Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary — habitat and visitor information |publisher=Pathankot District Administration |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>

==Flora and fauna==
The sanctuary is reported to support several [[ungulate]]s including [[chital]] (spotted deer), [[Sambar deer|sambar]], [[Axis (genus)|hog deer]] and [[Muntjac|barking deer]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pathankot.nic.in/tourist-place/kathlour-wildlife-sanctuary/ |title=Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary — fauna list |publisher=Pathankot District Administration |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>
Other fauna reported from the area include porcupine, pangolin and python; avifauna reported includes parakeets, spotted owlet and vultures.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pathankot.nic.in/tourist-place/kathlour-wildlife-sanctuary/ |title=Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary — fauna list |publisher=Pathankot District Administration |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>

==Conservation and threats==
The sanctuary is managed by the [[Department of Forest and Wildlife (Punjab)]], Government of Punjab.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://forest.punjab.gov.in/en/eco-tourism/wildlife/ |title=Wildlife Sanctuary list |publisher=Department of Forest & Wildlife Preservation, Punjab |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>
The official Gazette / MoEF notification also defines an Eco-sensitive Zone (100 m around the sanctuary boundary) and lists the zonal restrictions and coordinates in Annexure II/III of the PDF.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://moef.gov.in/uploads/2017/06/Kathlaur-Kushalia%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary.pdf |title=Notification: Kathlaur–Kushalia Wildlife Sanctuary (Gazette / MoEF Annexures) |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (Gazette PDF) |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>
In June 2024 a large fire affected parts of the sanctuary area and the Punjab wildlife/forest authorities carried out an assessment of the damage.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/wildlife-dept-assesses-kathlour-sanctuary-fire-losses-633837 |title=Wildlife Dept assesses Kathlour sanctuary fire losses |work=The Tribune |date=25 June 2024 |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>

==Tourism and visitor facilities==
The sanctuary was developed for controlled eco-tourism and was opened to visitors in September 2021 after development works costing around ₹1.2 crore were completed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/pathankots-kathlaur-kushlian-wildlife-sanctuary-thrown-open-to-tourists-101631820011104.html |title=Pathankot's Kathlaur Kushlian wildlife sanctuary thrown open to tourists |work=Hindustan Times |date=24 September 2021 |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>
District material lists visitor facilities such as a 5-km nature trail, observation towers and battery/golf-cart style low-impact vehicles for visitors to minimise disturbance.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pathankot.nic.in/tourist-place/kathlour-wildlife-sanctuary/ |title=Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary — visitor facilities |publisher=Pathankot District Administration |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>

==Location and access==
The sanctuary lies along the Amritsar–Jammu bypass in Tehsil Pathankot; the nearest transport hub is Pathankot (railway station and airport access to the district).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/punjab/pathankot/kathlour-kushlian-wildlife-sanctuary |title=Kathlour-Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary (location) |publisher=Incredible India |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Bir Bunerheri Wildlife Sanctuary]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* {{official|https://moef.gov.in/uploads/2017/06/Kathlaur-Kushalia%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary.pdf}} — Gazette / MoEF notification and Annexures (contains official lat/long boundary points and eco-sensitive zone).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://moef.gov.in/uploads/2017/06/Kathlaur-Kushalia%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary.pdf |title=Notification: Kathlaur–Kushalia Wildlife Sanctuary (Gazette / MoEF Annexures) |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (Gazette PDF) |accessdate=22 November 2025}}</ref>
* {{cite web |url=https://forest.punjab.gov.in/en/eco-tourism/wildlife/ |title=Department of Forest & Wildlife Preservation, Punjab — sanctuaries listing |accessdate=22 November 2025}}
* {{cite web |url=https://pathankot.nic.in/tourist-place/kathlour-wildlife-sanctuary/ |title=Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary — Pathankot District site |accessdate=22 November 2025}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/pathankots-kathlaur-kushlian-wildlife-sanctuary-thrown-open-to-tourists-101631820011104.html |title=Pathankot's Kathlaur Kushlian wildlife sanctuary thrown open to tourists |work=Hindustan Times |date=24 September 2021 |accessdate=22 November 2025}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/wildlife-dept-assesses-kathlour-sanctuary-fire-losses-633837 |title=Wildlife Dept assesses Kathlour sanctuary fire losses |work=The Tribune |date=25 June 2024 |accessdate=22 November 2025}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Geography of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Environment of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Nature conservation in India]]
[[Category:Protected areas of India]]
[[Category:Pathankot district]]

C.S. Unnikrishnan

2026-03-04T16:04:37Z

RomanStrock4259: started new info needs work

{{Short description|Indian physicist and professor (born 1962)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{puffery|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| image = C. S. Unnikrishnan.jpg
| caption = Unnikrishnan in 2023
| name = C.S. Unnikrishnan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|7|25|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Kalady, Keralam, India
| alma_mater = [[IIT Madras|Indian Institute of Technology, Madras]] [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] [[University of Mumbai]]
| occupation = Professor, [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]], India; Professor, [[Defence Institute of Advanced Technology]], India; Adjunct Professor, [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]], India;
| awards = [[Breakthrough Prize]] in Physics (2016) [[Gruber Prize]] in Cosmology (2016)
| spouse =
| parents = C.K. Sivarama Pillai: G.Kalyanikutty Amma
| children =
}}

'''C. S. Unnikrishnan''' (born 25 July 1962) is an Indian physicist and professor known for his contributions in multiple areas of experimental and theoretical physics. He has been a professor at the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |title=CS Unnikrishnan {{!}} Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - Academia.edu |url=https://tifr.academia.edu/CSUnnikrishnan |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=tifr.academia.edu}}</ref> Mumbai and is currently a professor in the School of Quantum Technology at the [[Defence Institute of Advanced Technology]]<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Faculty |url=https://sqtdiat.in/faculty/ |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=School of Quantum Technologies |language=en-US}}</ref> in Pune. He has made significant contributions in foundational issues in gravity<ref>{{Citation |title=Relativity@Helsinki | date=25 August 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slJGmVJYDic |access-date=2023-03-04 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C.S. |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0 |title=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |publisher=Springer |year=2022 |volume=209 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0|isbn=978-3-031-08934-3 |s2cid=253304794 }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C.S. |date=2022 |title=Gravity's Time |url=https://www.routledge.com/Gravitys-Time/Unnikrishnan/p/book/9789814877725 |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=Routledge & CRC Press |language=en}}</ref><ref name="AN01">{{cite news |last1=Vijayan |first1=Vipin |title=Asianet News Dialogues: 'Einstein's theory of relativity is incorrect, must be totally replaced' |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/asianet-news-dialogues-with-professor-cs-unnikrishnan-ro60ki |access-date=18 February 2023 |publisher=Asianet |date=8 January 2023}}</ref><ref name=":11" /> and quantum physics and has published over 250 research papers and articles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CS Unnikrishnan |url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=5n2wWlMAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=scholar.google.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=C.S |first=Unnikrishnan |title=JSTOR: Search Results |url=https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22C.S.+Unnikrishnan%22&acc=on&wc=on |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=www.jstor.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author= |date=n.d.|title=Prof. C. S. Unnikrishnan |url=https://bvinst.edu/prof-c-s-unnikrishnan/ |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=Bhaktivedanta Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> Unnikrishnan is also a key member of the [[Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations|LIGO-India]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-02-12 |title=TIFR played a crucial role in gravitational wave detection |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/tifr-played-a-crucial-role-in-gravitational-wave-detection/articleshow/50967264.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-02-17 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IndIGO-GWIC-11 |url=https://studylib.net/doc/9710285/indigo-gwic-11 |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=studylib.net |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=R |first=Ramachandran |date=2010-09-18 |title=India set for building prototype gravitational wave detector |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/India-set-for-building-prototype-gravitational-wave-detector/article15973731.ece |access-date=2023-02-22 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=C.S. |first=Unnikrishnan |title=IndIGO AND LIGO-INDIA: SCOPE AND PLANS FOR GRAVITATIONAL WAVE RESEARCH AND PRECISION METROLOGY IN INDIA |journal=International Journal of Modern Physics D |year=2013 |volume=22 |issue=1 |doi=10.1142/S0218271813410101 |arxiv=1510.06059 |bibcode=2013IJMPD..2241010U |s2cid=119297978 }}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Citation |title=Talk 5 - Surfing in Physics with the Waves of Gravity and Electromagnetism - Prof. C S Unnikrishnan | date=3 August 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITe7Ey2KbAI |language=en |access-date=2023-02-22}}</ref> project and a member of the global [[LIGO Scientific Collaboration]]<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |title=The LIGO Team Members {{!}} Gruber Foundation |url=https://gruber.yale.edu/ligo-team-members |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=gruber.yale.edu}}</ref><ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=R. |first=Ramachandran |date=2018-10-24 |title=The Prize and many firsts |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/article25308175.ece |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=frontline.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==
Unnikrishnan received his M.Sc. degree from [[IIT Madras|Indian Institute of Technology, Madras]] and his Ph.D. from the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]], [[University of Mumbai]]. He has also been a visiting researcher at the [[Kastler–Brossel Laboratory|Kastler-Brossel Laboratory]] of the [[École normale supérieure (Paris)|Ecole Normale Supérieure]] in Paris and at the [[Sorbonne Paris North University|University of Paris 13]].

== Research contributions ==
Unnikrishnan is a renowned researcher in the field of foundational issues in [[gravity]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration |last2=Abbott |first2=B. P. |last3=Abbott |first3=R. |last4=Abbott |first4=T. D. |last5=Abernathy |first5=M. R. |last6=Acernese |first6=F. |last7=Ackley |first7=K. |last8=Adams |first8=C. |last9=Adams |first9=T. |last10=Addesso |first10=P. |last11=Adhikari |first11=R. X. |last12=Adya |first12=V. B. |last13=Affeldt |first13=C. |last14=Agathos |first14=M. |last15=Agatsuma |first15=K. |date=2016-02-11 |title=Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=116 |issue=6 |article-number=061102 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102|pmid=26918975 |arxiv=1602.03837 |bibcode=2016PhRvL.116f1102A |s2cid=119286014 }}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last=C.S. |first=Unnikrishnan |title=Gravity's Time |url=https://www.jennystanford.com/9789814877725/gravitys-time |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=Jenny Stanford Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite book |last=C.S |first=Unnikrishnan |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0 |title=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe |publisher=Springer |year=2022 |isbn=978-3-031-08934-3 |edition= |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |volume=209 |location=Switzerland |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0 |s2cid=253304794}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Citation |title=Galileo, Time and Space: Gravity affecting clocks | date=4 September 2008 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwus3FZKG3w |language=en |access-date=2023-02-21}}</ref> and [[Quantum mechanics|quantum physics]],<ref>{{Cite arXiv |last=d'Espagnat |first=Bernard |date=2003-02-21 |title=On the Unnikrishnan approach to the notion of locality |eprint=quant-ph/0302167 }}</ref> including [[quantum optics]].<ref>{{Cite arXiv |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C. S. |date=2019-12-23 |title=Quantum Noise in Balanced Differential Measurements in Optics: Implication to the Wave Modes of Quantum Vacuum |class=quant-ph |eprint=1912.11362}}</ref> His expertise lies in experimental physics, and he has been instrumental in setting up the laser-cooling laboratory at TIFR,<ref name=":92">{{Cite web |last=G. S. |first=Mudur |title=Bose-Einstein feat in India |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/bose-einstein-feat-in-india/cid/681183 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=- a-n The Artists Information Company |url=https://www.a-n.co.uk/blogs/khoj-residency-india/post/387397/ |access-date=2023-02-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mumbai. He is well-versed in the use of [[Torsion spring|torsion balances]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C S |date=1994-06-01 |title=Experimental gravitation in India: progress and challenges |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0264-9381/11/6A/015 |journal=Classical and Quantum Gravity |volume=11 |issue=6A |pages=A195–A206 |doi=10.1088/0264-9381/11/6A/015 |s2cid=250885722 |issn=0264-9381|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Interferometry|interferometers]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=C. S. |first=Unnikrishnan |date=July 2000 |title=Origin of quantum-mechanical complementarity without momentum back action in atom-interferometry experiments |journal=Physical Review A |volume=62 |issue=1|article-number=015601 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.62.015601 |bibcode=2000PhRvA..62a5601U }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=C. S. |first=Unnikrishnan |date=3 December 2012 |title=Reexamining the roles of gravitational and inertial masses in gravimetry with atom interferometers |journal=Physics Letters A |volume=377 |issue=1–2 |pages=60–63|doi=10.1016/j.physleta.2012.11.012 |bibcode=2012PhLA..377...60U }}</ref> laser cooled atoms,<ref>{{Cite web |last=ayecapitalist |title=Capitalist Muse |date=18 December 2011 |url=https://ayecapitalist.com/2011/12/18/the-higgs-boson-have-we-just-found-the-god-particle/?amp=1}}</ref> and [[Bose–Einstein condensate|Bose-Einstein Condensates]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pereira Dos Santos |first1=F. |last2=Léonard |first2=J. |last3=Wang |first3=Junmin |last4=Barrelet |first4=C. J. |last5=Perales |first5=F. |last6=Rasel |first6=E. |last7=Unnikrishnan |first7=C. S. |last8=Leduc |first8=M. |last9=Cohen-Tannoudji |first9=C. |date=2001-04-16 |title=Bose-Einstein Condensation of Metastable Helium |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3459 |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=86 |issue=16 |pages=3459–3462 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3459|pmid=11327998 |arxiv=cond-mat/0103387 |bibcode=2001PhRvL..86.3459D }}</ref> for his experiments.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Unknown Real Nature of Light: ROWS 2020 Prof C S UNNIKRISHNAN | date=18 October 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GwkLeJSIKw |language=en |access-date=2023-02-22}}</ref>

Unnikrishnan's major theoretical contributions include the Theory of Cosmic Relativity<ref>{{Citation |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C. S. |title=Cosmic Gravity and the Quantum Spin |date=2022 |work=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe: The Theory of Cosmic Relativity and Its Experimental Evidence |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |volume=209 |pages=373–405 |editor-last= |editor-first= |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_13 |isbn=978-3-031-08935-0 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C. S. |title=Cosmic Relativity—The Theory and itItsrimary Fundamental Results |date=2022 |work=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe: The Theory of Cosmic Relativity and Its Experimental Evidence |volume=209 |pages=255–306 |editor-last= |editor-first= |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_10 |isbn=978-3-031-08935-0 }}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=T. P. |first=Sooraj |title=ഐന്‍സ്റ്റീന്‍ സിദ്ധാന്തങ്ങളെ അടിമുടി നിരാകരിക്കുന്ന കണ്ടെത്തലുകള്‍ |url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/malayalam-vaarika/essays/2022/jun/21/findings-that-refute-einsteins-theories-152100.html |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=Samakalika Malayalam |date=21 June 2022 |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Namboothiri |first=VPN |date= |title=India's Physics community must lend its ears to Cosmic Relativity that challenges Einstein's theory |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/opinion-india-physics-community-must-lend-its-ears-to-cosmic-relativity-that-challenges-einstein-s-theory-ru85xe |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=en}}</ref> and Universal Action Mechanics. These theories have provided new insights into our understanding of the interplay between gravity and quantum mechanics, and have opened up new avenues for further research. Cosmic Relativity,<ref>{{Citation |title=Talk 6 - Gravity's Time in Physics, Life, and GPS - Prof. C. S. Unnikrishnan | date=7 August 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JL8kJadMZY |language=en |access-date=2023-02-22}}</ref> replaces current theories of dynamics and relativity and argues that all relativistic phenomena and laws of dynamics are controlled by the [[gravitational potential]]s of matter and energy in the universe.<ref name="AN01" /> It provides evidence and solutions to several major issues in fundamental physics.<ref>{{Citation |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C. S. |title=The Paradigm of Cosmic Relativity and Its Evidence |date=2022 |work=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe: The Theory of Cosmic Relativity and Its Experimental Evidence |volume=209 |pages=3–29 |editor-last= |editor-first= |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_1 |isbn=978-3-031-08935-0 }}</ref>

The discovery of the quantization of the [[Hall effect]], where the movement of electrons is restricted to a 2-D plane, was characterized by quantized plateaus in the Hall resistance and has a simple theory for the integer [[quantum Hall effect]],<ref name=":3">{{Citation |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C. S. |title=The Quantum Hall Effects: Gravity in Condensed Matter |date=2022 |work=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe: The Theory of Cosmic Relativity and Its Experimental Evidence |volume=209 |pages=407–444 |editor-last= |editor-first= |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_14 |isbn=978-3-031-08935-0 }}</ref> but there is still no proper understanding of the more spectacular [[fractional quantum Hall effect]].<ref name=":3" /> The Cosmic Relativity theory offers a comprehensive understanding of both integer and fractional effects by modifying the [[Degenerate energy levels|quantum degeneracy]] due to cosmic gravitomagnetic interaction.<ref>{{Cite arXiv |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C. S. |date=2021-09-30 |title=A Coherent and Unified Single Particle Description of the Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall Effects |class=physics.gen-ph |eprint=2110.00343}}</ref>

== Professional accomplishments ==

'''Awards'''

* [[First observation of gravitational waves#Announcement|Breakthrough Prize]] in Physics (2016)
* [https://gruber.yale.edu/cosmology/press/2016-gruber-cosmology-prize-press-release#:~:text=The%20Gruber%20Foundation%20proudly%20presents,collision%20of%20two%20black%20holes. Gruber Prize in Cosmology] (2016)

Unnikrishnan is a key member and proposer-scientist of the LIGO-India<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-02-12 |title=TIFR played a crucial role in gravitational wave detection |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/tifr-played-a-crucial-role-in-gravitational-wave-detection/articleshow/50967264.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-02-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> project and has been a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC).<ref name=":72"/> He has made a significant impact in the field of [[gravitational wave]]s<ref name=":82">{{Cite web |title=INSPIRE |url=https://inspirehep.net/authors/985214}}</ref><ref name=":92"/> as he shared the [[Breakthrough Prize]] in Physics<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breakthrough Prize – Special Breakthrough Prize In Fundamental Physics Awarded For Detection Of Gravitational Waves 100 Years After Albert Einstein Predicted Their Existence |url=https://breakthroughprize.org/News/32 |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=breakthroughprize.org |language=en}}</ref> and the [[Gruber Foundation|Gruber Prize]] in Cosmology<ref>{{Cite web |title=2016 Gruber Cosmology Prize Press Release {{!}} Gruber Foundation |url=https://gruber.yale.edu/cosmology/press/2016-gruber-cosmology-prize-press-release#:~:text=The%20Gruber%20Foundation%20proudly%20presents,collision%20of%20two%20black%20holes. |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=gruber.yale.edu}}</ref> with the LSC in 2016 for their groundbreaking discovery.

He has held academic positions at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)<ref name=":62"/> Mumbai, India, School of Quantum Technology at the Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT) <ref name=":02"/> Pune, India and Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bangalore, India.

Unnikrishnan has published over 250 research papers and articles, and is also the author of two major works:<ref name=":52"/><ref name=":42"/> his first monograph "Gravity's Time"<ref name=":42"/> and a major treatise "New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe".<ref name=":13">{{Cite book |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C.S. |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0 |title=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe |publisher=Springer |year=2022 |isbn=978-3-031-08934-3 |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |volume=209 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0 |s2cid=253304794}}</ref> The treatise, which presents a new and innovative perspective on the foundational basis of relativity,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-02-28 |title=Newer theories to the fore at Physical Universe meet |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/newer-theories-to-the-fore-at-physical-universe-meet/articleshow/63101714.cms |access-date=2023-03-03 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> has had a major impact in the field. The latter book calls for a change in the foundational basis of relativity and provides a solution to outstanding questions and puzzles about dynamics and relativity.

== Books authored ==

* ''Gravity's Time''<ref>{{Cite web |last=C.S. |first=Unnikrishnan |title=Gravity's tTme |url=https://www.jennystanford.com/author/c-s-unnikrishnan/ |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=Jenny Stanford Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe''<ref>{{Cite book |last=C.S. |first=Unnikrishnan |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0 |title=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |publisher=Springer |year=2022 |volume=209 |isbn=978-3-031-08934-3 |location=Switzerland |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0|s2cid=253304794 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Unnikrishnan, C.S.}}
[[Category:Indian scientists]]
[[Category:Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]
[[Category:Relativity theorists]]
[[Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
[[Category:Indian quantum physicists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian scientists]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Nehru–Gandhi family

2026-03-03T17:58:21Z

RomanStrock4259:

{{Short description|Indian political dynasty}}
{{distinguish|Family of Mahatma Gandhi}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
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|image_caption = Family photo of 1927. Standing (l-r): [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]], [[Krishna Hutheesing]], [[Indira Gandhi|Indira Nehru (later Gandhi)]], [[Ranjit Sitaram Pandit]]. Seated: [[Swarup Rani Nehru]], [[Motilal Nehru]], [[Kamala Nehru]].
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The '''Nehru–Gandhi family''' is an [[Political families of India|Indian political family]] that has occupied a prominent place in the [[politics of India]]. The involvement of the family has traditionally revolved around the [[Indian National Congress]], as various members have traditionally led the party. Three members of the family—[[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Indira Gandhi]] and [[Rajiv Gandhi]]—have served as the [[prime minister of India]], while several others have been [[Member of Parliament (India)|members of parliament (MP)]].
The family is not related to that of Mahatma Gandhi.

''[[The Guardian]]'' wrote in 2007, "The Gandhi brand has no peer in the world—a member of the family has been in charge of India for 40 of the 60 years since independence. The allure of India's first family blends the right to rule of [[British monarchy]] with the tragic glamour of America's [[Kennedy family|Kennedy clan]]."<ref>{{cite news |title=The making of the Gandhi dynasty |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2007/may/09/india?picture=329818381#/?picture=329818414&index=1 |access-date=1 August 2012 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 May 2007}}</ref>

== Family trees ==
{{Nehru-Gandhi family tree}}

=== Earliest record ===

[[File:Anand Bhawan, Allahabad.jpg|244px|thumb|[[Anand Bhavan]], ancestral home of the Nehru-Gandhi Family in [[Allahabad]], now a museum.]]

* [[Raj Kaul]] (late 1600s to early 1700s) a [[Kashmiri Pandit]]. He is the earliest recorded ancestor of the Nehru family. He is believed to have moved from Kashmir to Delhi in 1716 AD. A ''[[Jagir]]'' with a house situated on the banks of a canal was granted to Raj Kaul, and, from the fact of this residence, 'Nehru' (from ''Nahar'', a canal) came to be attached to his name. ''Kaul'' was the original family name; this changed to Kaul-Nehru; and, in later years, Kaul was dropped out and the family name became only "Nehru".<ref>{{cite book|author=Shashi Tharoor|author-link=Shashi Tharoor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ds1RXSyRevYC&q=raj+kaul+nehru&pg=PA1900|title=Nehru: The Invention of India|isbn=9789351180180|date=16 October 2007|publisher=Penguin Books Limited }}</ref>
*During the early part of the 19th century, Gangadhar Nehru's father, Lakshmi Narayan Nehru, worked as a clerk in [[Delhi]] for the [[East India Company]].<ref name="Gupte2012">{{cite book|author=Pranay Gupte|title=Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira Gandhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OOmK1lPWq80C&pg=PA139|date=February 2012|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306826-6|pages=138–139}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/photos/the-nehru-gandhi-family-tree/ss-AAAHpxF#image=1|title = The Nehru-Gandhi family tree|website = [[MSN]]}}</ref> Lakshmi Narayan Nehru was the son of Mansa Ram Nehru who was the son Vishwanath Kaul Nehru who in turn was the son of Raj Kaul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/photos/the-nehru-gandhi-family-tree/ss-AAAHpxF#image=1|title = The Nehru-Gandhi family tree|website = [[MSN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/truth-about-nehru-why-conspiracy-theorists-are-wrong-about-him/story-0fcHGicBnzGwu72Juw0dEO.html|title = More family tree| date=8 July 2015 }}</ref>

=== First generation ===

* [[Gangadhar Nehru]] (1827–1861), a direct descendant of Raj Kaul. He was the last ''[[Kotwal]]'' of Delhi (equivalent to Chief of Police), prior to the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]. He was the father of freedom fighter [[Motilal Nehru]] and grandfather of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] who was the first [[prime minister of India]], thus part of the Nehru family.

=== Second generation ===

* Bansi Dhar Nehru, Gangadhar's eldest son. He worked in the judicial department of the British Government and, after being appointed successively to various places, was partly cut off from the rest of the family.
* Nandlal Nehru (1845–1887), older brother of Motilal Nehru. He was the [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]] (prime minister) of the [[princely state]] of [[Khetri]] in [[Rajputana]].
* [[Motilal Nehru]] (1861–1931), patriarch of Nehru–Gandhi family. He was a lawyer and a prominent leader of the [[Indian independence movement]]. He also served as the [[President of the Indian National Congress|president]] of Congress twice, 1919–1920 and 1928–1929.
* [[Swarup Rani Nehru]] (1868–1938), wife of Motilal Nehru. She played a prominent role in India's freedom movement in the 1920s–30s as an advocate of civil disobedience against the [[British Raj]] and its [[salt laws]].

=== Third generation ===

[[File:Nehru family.jpg|upright|thumb| Nehru family, standing (L to R) [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]], [[Krishna Hutheesing]], [[Indira Gandhi]] and [[Ranjit Sitaram Pandit]]; Seated: Swaroop, [[Motilal Nehru]] and [[Kamala Nehru]] (circa 1927)]]

* [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] (1889–1964), son of Motilal Nehru. He was the first [[prime minister of India]] and was one of the most prominent leaders of the [[Indian independence movement]]. He had succeeded his father as president of the Congress in 1929.
* [[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]] (1900–1990), eldest daughter of Motilal Nehru. She was an Indian diplomat and politician who later became the [[president of the United Nations General Assembly]]. Married [[Ranjit Sitaram Pandit]] in 1921.
* [[Krishna Hutheesing|Krishna Nehru Hutheesing]] (1907–1967) was an Indian writer, the youngest sister of Jawaharlal Nehru and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, and part of the Nehru–Gandhi family.
* [[Kamala Nehru]] (1899–1936), wife of Jawaharlal Nehru. She was a prominent social reformer{{Citation needed|reason=Your explanation here|date=October 2017}} and was an active member of the [[All India Congress Committee]].
* [[Brijlal Nehru]] (1884–1964), son of Nandlal Nehru and a nephew of Motilal Nehru. He was the Finance Minister of the [[princely state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] during the rule of Maharaja [[Hari Singh]].
* [[Rameshwari Nehru]] (1886–1966), wife of Brij Lal Nehru. She was a journalist and social worker who co-founded [[All India Women's Conference]]
* [[Uma Nehru]] (1884–1963) was an Indian independence activist and politician. She married Shamlal Nehru, cousin of Jawaharlal Nehru.

=== Fourth generation ===

* [[Indira Gandhi]] (1917–1984), only daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru. She became the first woman prime minister of India.
* [[Feroze Gandhi]] (1912–1960), husband of Indira. He was a politician and journalist.
* [[Braj Kumar Nehru]] (1909–2001), son of Brijlal Nehru. He served as the Indian diplomat and ambassador to the United States and as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. He later served as Governor of several Indian states and was an adviser to his cousin Indira Gandhi.
* [[Fori Nehru|Magdolna Nehru]] (1908–2017), nicknamed Fori, wife of Braj Kumar Nehru.
* Balwant Kumar Nehru (1916–1996), son of Brijlal Nehru and brother of Braj Kumar Nehru. Engineer and corporate manager who rose to become the deputy chairman of ITC and the president of the All-India Management Association.
* Sarup Nehru, wife of Balwant Kumar Nehru.
* Harsha Hutheesing (1935–1991) and [[Ajit Hutheesing]] (1936–2017), sons of Krishna Nehru Hutheesing and Raja Hutheesing
* Chandralekha Mehta, the eldest of the three daughters born to Jawaharlal Nehru's sister, [[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]]
* [[Nayantara Sahgal]] (born 10 May 1927), the second of the three daughters born to Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
* Rita Dar, the youngest of the three daughters born to Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
* [[Ratan Kumar Nehru]] (1902–1981), civil servant and diplomat, son of Mohanlal Nehru, grandson of Nandlal Nehru.
* [[Shyam Kumari Khan]] (1904–1980), daughter of Uma Nehru she was an Indian lawyer, freedom fighter, politician and social worker. She was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 1963 to 1968. She married Abdul Jamil Khan.

=== Fifth generation ===

[[File:Indira Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Rajiv Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Indira Gandhi]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Rajiv Gandhi]] and [[Sanjay Gandhi]] (circa 1949).]]

* [[Arun Nehru]] (1944–2013), great-grandson of Nandlal Nehru. He was a politician and union minister during the 1980s.
* [[Rajiv Gandhi]] (1944–1991), eldest son of Indira and Feroze Gandhi. He became the 6th prime minister of India after Indira's death.
* [[Sanjay Gandhi]] (1946–1980), second son of Indira. He was also one of the most trusted lieutenants of his mother during the 1970s and was widely expected to succeed his mother as prime minister of India, but met with an untimely death in a plane crash.
* [[Sonia Gandhi]] (née Maino 1946), widow of Rajiv Gandhi. She was born in Italy and took Indian citizenship, 11 years after marrying [[Rajiv Gandhi]]. She was the president of the [[Indian National Congress]] from 1998 to 2017, from 2019 to 2022 and has served as the Chairperson of the [[United Progressive Alliance]] from 2004 until 2023.
* [[Maneka Gandhi]] (née Anand 1956), widow of Sanjay Gandhi. She is a noted environmentalist and animal welfare activist. She is a prominent member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. She has served as a cabinet minister in four government. She also served as the Indian Union Cabinet Minister for Women & Child Development in the BJP led Government of 2014–2019.
* Subhadra Nehru, wife of Arun Nehru.
* Sunil Nehru (born 1946), eldest son of Balwant Kumar Nehru. Engineer and corporate strategist, senior company executive at Max India, adventurer, scuba diver, and ardent trekker.
*Neena Nehru (born 1946 née Neena Heble), wife of Sunil Nehru. Artist, poet, architect.
* Nikhil Nehru (born 1948), second son of Balwant Kumar Nehru. He had a stellar career in advertising, rising to become the president of McCann-Erickson and Chairman of Results International Group, India.
* Samhita Nehru, wife of Nikhil Nehru.
* Vikram Nehru (born 1952), third son of Balwant Kumar Nehru. Entered the field of international development with a career at the World Bank. Became the World Bank's Chief Economist and Director for Poverty Reduction, Economic Management, Private and Financial Sector Development for East Asia and the Pacific. Subsequently, became the chair in Southeast Asian Studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington, D.C., and then Distinguished Practitioner-in-Residence at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies.

=== Sixth generation ===

* [[Rahul Gandhi]] (born 1970), son of [[Rajiv Gandhi]] and [[Sonia Gandhi]]. He was the president of the Congress party from 2017 and 2019,<ref>{{cite news|last=Ghandy|first=Rahul |title=Rahul Gandhi gets bigger role in Congress, appointed party vice-president|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-19/india/36431467_1_rahul-ghandy-congress-party-chief-spokesperson|access-date=19 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 January 2013}}{{dead link|date=October 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and was a member of Parliament from Amethi, UP from 2004 to 2019. He was the Chairman of the Congress coordination panel for [[2014 Indian general election|2014 Lok Sabha]] polls and the current MP from [[Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency|Rae Bareli]], Uttar Pradesh in the Lok Sabha. He is the current [[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha]].
* [[Priyanka Gandhi Vadra|Priyanka Gandhi]] (born 1972), daughter of Rajiv Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi. She is a member of Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament of India, representing the Wayanad constituency from 2024 to the present, and is a General Secretary of the Indian National Congress. Priyanka is married to [[Robert Vadra]], a businessman.
* [[Robert Vadra]] (born 1969), is an Indian entrepreneur, and the husband of [[Priyanka Gandhi]].
* [[Varun Gandhi]] (born 1980), son of Sanjay Gandhi and Maneka Gandhi. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], National Executive and the youngest National Secretary in the history of the party. He is a member of Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament of India, representing the Sultanpur constituency from 2014 to 2019 and Pilibhit constituency from 2009 to 2014 and from 2019 to 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/5-facts-about-varun-gandhi-bjp-youngest-general-secretary-680086.html|title = 5 facts about Varun Gandhi, BJP's youngest general secretary|date = 31 March 2013}}</ref>
* Yamini Gandhi, wife of [[Varun Gandhi]].
* Avantika Nehru, elder daughter of Arun Nehru.
* Radhika Vickram Tikkoo, younger daughter of Arun Nehru.

=== Seventh generation ===

* Anasuya Gandhi (born 2014), daughter of [[Varun Gandhi]] and Yamini Gandhi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/meet-the-newest-gandhi-anasuya-650011|title=Meet the Newest Gandhi, Anasuya|date=18 August 2014|website=NDTV}}</ref>
* Raihan Vadra and Miraya Vadra, children of [[Priyanka Gandhi]] and [[Robert Vadra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/rare-pictures-of-priyanka-and-robert-vadra-kids-9397.html|title=Rare pictures of Priyanka and Robert Vadra kids|first=India TV News|last=Desk|date=9 April 2013|website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref>
* Vivek Tiwari, Yash Madan and Vickram Tikkoo, grandsons of [[Arun Nehru]].

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="100">
File:Motilal nehru.jpg|[[Motilal Nehru]]
File:Jawaharlal Nehru's mother Swarup Rani.webp|[[Swarup Rani Nehru]]
File:Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru during the Children’s Day celebrations on 14 November 1957.jpg|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
File:Kamala Nehru.jpg|[[Kamala Nehru]]
File:Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.jpg|[[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]]
File:Krishna Nehru Hutheesing.jpg|[[Krishna Hutheesing]]
File:Indira Gandhi face detail, from- Indira Gandhi and the Johnsons at the North Portico of the White House (cropped).tif|[[Indira Gandhi]]
File:Feroze Gandhi before 1950s.jpg|[[Feroze Gandhi]]
File:Rajiv Gandhi (1).jpg|[[Rajiv Gandhi]]
File:Sonia Gandhi (cropped).jpg|[[Sonia Gandhi]]
File:Sanjay Gandhi (cropped).jpg|[[Sanjay Gandhi]]
File:Maneka-Gandhi.jpg|[[Maneka Gandhi]]
File:Rahul Gandhi (2008).jpg|[[Rahul Gandhi]]
File:Priyanka Gandhi Vadra (7).jpg|[[Priyanka Gandhi]]
File:Varun Gandhi.jpg|[[Varun Gandhi]]
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[List of political families]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Nehru–Gandhi family}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2007/may/09/india?picture=329818381 The making of the Gandhi dynasty] at [[The Guardian]]

{{Indian National Congress}}
{{Allahabad division topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nehru-Ghandy Family}}
[[Category:Nehru–Gandhi family| ]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:People from Prayagraj]]
[[Category:Parsi people]]
[[Category:Hindu families]]
[[Category:Political families of India]]
[[Category:History of Prayagraj]]

Dabhi

2026-02-28T16:43:10Z

RomanStrock4259: started first entry initial version.

{{Short description|Rajput clan}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
The '''Dabhi''' is a [[Rajputs of Gujarat|Rajput clan of Gujarat]] in India. The name is also found among the Indian [[Kolis]].<ref>The Rajputs of Saurashtra by Virbhadra Singhji Sangam Books</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lobo|first=Lancy|url=|title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region (Study of the Kolis based in north Gujarat)|publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation|year=1995|isbn=978-81-7075-035-2|location=New Delhi, India|pages=124|language=en}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
People with the surname Dabhi, who may or may not be associated with the clan, include:
* [[Ajitsinh Dabhi]]
* [[Bharatsinhji Dabhi]]
* [[Kalabhai Dabhi]]
* [[Reena Dabhi]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rajput clans of Gujarat]]

Asian Idol

2026-02-04T20:48:16Z

RomanStrock4259: Adding Article

{{Short description|Reality singing competition}}



{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Asian Idol.JPG
| caption = Asian Idol title card
| creator = [[Simon Fuller]]
| presenter = [[Amelia Natasha]] [[Daniel Mananta]] [[Soo Kui Jien]]
| judges = [[Anu Malik]] [[Indra Lesmana]] [[Paul Moss]] [[Pilita Corrales]] [[Ken Lim]] [[Siu Black]]
| producer = Sandra Fulloon
| network = [[Channel 5 (Singaporean TV channel)|MediaCorp Channel 5]]
| location = Jakarta International Expo, Indonesia
| first_aired = {{start date|2007|12|15|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2007|12|16|df=y}}
| num_episodes = 2
}}
'''''Asian Idol''''' was a reality singing competition, which featured winners of ''Idol'' competitions from six [[Southeast Asia|Southeast]] and [[South Asian]] countries consisting of [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Philippines]], [[Singapore]], and [[Vietnam]]. Part of the ''[[Idol Series|Idol franchise]]'', it originated from the reality program ''[[Pop Idol]]'' created by [[United Kingdom|British]] entertainment executive [[Simon Fuller]], which was first aired in 2001 in the United Kingdom. The first season was won by ''[[Singapore Idol]]'' [[Hady Mirza]], who was awarded an all-expense-paid trip around the world on [[business class]], after almost two million votes were cast.<ref name=Singapore>{{cite news| title=Singapore's Hady Mirza wins first ''Asian Idol'' contest| date=17 December 2007| publisher=ChannelNewsAsia.com| url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/entertainment/view/317748/1/.html}}</ref><ref name=Fluke />

The first season was held on 15 December and 16, 2007, in [[Jakarta]], Indonesia.<ref name=Berawal>{{cite news| first=Lusi| last=Catur Mahgriefie| title=''Asian Idol'' 2007, Berawal dari Ide Padukan Budaya| date=7 November 2007| publisher=Okezone| url=http://celebrity.okezone.com/index.php/celebrity/detail/2007/11/07/33/59252| language=id| access-date=9 November 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210015426/http://celebrity.okezone.com/index.php/celebrity/detail/2007/11/07/33/59252| archive-date=10 December 2007| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Indonesia>{{cite news| title=Indonesia Tuan Rumah ''Asian Idol''| date=16 October 2007| publisher=Republika Online| url=http://www.republika.co.id/koran_detail.asp?id=310317&kat_id=383|language=id}}</ref> [[RCTI]] (which also broadcasts ''[[Indonesian Idol]]''), was the main broadcaster, with the program shown live among participating countries.<ref name=Empat />

==Season 1==
The first season was hosted by [[Amelia Natasha|Amelia "Ata" Natasha]] and [[Daniel Mananta]], both from ''[[Indonesian Idol]]'', and ''[[Malaysian Idol|Malaysian Idol's]]'' [[Soo Kui Jien]].

Each participating country had its own system of determining its representative.<ref name="Dikuti">{{cite news|title=''Asian Idol'' Diikuti 7 Negara |date=30 August 2007 |publisher=Surya Online |url=http://www.surya.co.id/web/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=19409 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130824162148/http://web.archive.org/web/20090330164909/http://www.surya.co.id/web/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=19409 |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 August 2013 |type=pdf|language=id}}</ref>

As a kickoff to ''Asian Idol'', all six contestants were introduced through a special presentation called ''Road to Asian Idol'' on 8 December 2007.<ref name=Indonesia /> Meanwhile, fans of each contestant were able to choose the song they wanted their Idol to perform before the ''Asian Idol'' performance show. The Idols performed two songs each—one in English and another in their native language.<ref name=Australian />

In addition to the coverage of ''Asian Idol'', RCTI ran a series of features called ''Asian Idol Extra'' between late November to mid-December 2007.<ref name=Indonesia />

Every competing country sent a judge to serve as the contestants' critics, but comments from only three judges on each performer were shown due to time constraints.<ref name=Empat />

Special guests in the Results Show included ''[[American Idol]]'' winner [[Taylor Hicks]], ''[[Australian Idol]]'' winner [[Guy Sebastian]], [[Indian Idol (Hindi TV series)|''Indian Idol'']] judge [[Alisha Chinai]], and ''[[Vietnam Idol]]'' judge [[Siu Black]].<ref name=Guy>{{cite news|title=Idol Guy Sebastian goes global |date=22 November 2007 |publisher=News.com.au |url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,23663,22798222-5013560,00.html |access-date=28 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071123113418/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0%2C23663%2C22798222-5013560%2C00.html |archive-date=23 November 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Alisha>{{cite news| title=Anu Malik to be Indian judge on ''Asian Idol''| date=7 December 2007| work=IndiaGlitz.com| url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/35161.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208124801/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/35161.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=8 December 2007}}</ref><ref name=Road>{{cite episode| title=Road to ''Asian Idol''| series=Asian Idol| network=[[RCTI]]| airdate=8 December 2007}}</ref><ref name=Performance>{{cite episode| title=''Asian Idol'' Performance Night| series=Asian Idol| network=[[RCTI]]| airdate=15 December 2007}}</ref> It also featured performances by [[Rivermaya]], [[Peterpan (band)|Peterpan]].<ref name=Road />

The production of ''Asian Idol'' was put up with the help of the production crew from ''Australian Idol''.<ref name=Australian />

===Participation details===




The table below lists the contenders in ''Asian Idol'' and the songs that each performed. It also lists the representative judges and the TV networks that participated in the show. [[Kazakhstan]]'s franchise is also listed below because it was originally in the line-up of countries for the show.<ref name=Empat>{{cite news| title=Empat Jawara Idol Bertarung| date=8 November 2007| publisher=Jawa Pos Online| url=http://www.jawapos.com/index.php?act=detail_c&id=311445|language=id}}</ref> Gold background indicates the winner of the competition and the songs performed.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center" width=100%
|-
! width="10%" | Asian ''Idol'' Franchise
! width="10%" | Representative Idol
! width="20%" | English song
! width="20%" | Native language song (with English translation of title)
! width="10%" | Representative judge
! width="10%" | Participating network
|-
| [[Indian Idol (Hindi TV series)|''Indian Idol'']]|| [[Abhijeet Sawant]]<ref name=Abhijeet>{{cite news|first=Ranjib| last=Mazumder| title=Abhijeet is eyeing a new title now| date=2 December 2007| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-12-02/news-interviews/27991866_1_abhijeet-sawant-indian-idol-s-songs| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021001518/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-12-02/news-interviews/27991866_1_abhijeet-sawant-indian-idol-s-songs| url-status=dead|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]| archive-date=21 October 2012}}</ref> Season 1 Winner || ''[[(Everything I Do) I Do It for You]]'' || ''Junoon'' (Obsession) || [[Anu Malik]]<ref name=Anu>{{cite news|first=Subhadeep |last=Bhattacharjee |title=Anu Malik to judge ''Asian Idol'' |date=30 November 2007 |publisher=Oneindia |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2020/rashami-desai-and-adhvik-mahajan-short-film-tamas-shot-during-lockdown-releases-301107.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130111163002/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/television/top-stories/news/anu-judge-asian-idol-301107.html |url-status=live |archive-date=11 January 2013 |access-date=4 December 2007 }}</ref> || [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]]
|-
| ''[[Indonesian Idol]]'' || [[Mike Mohede]]<ref name=Mike>{{cite news| title=Mike Wakili Indonesia di ''Asian Idol''| date=2 December 2007| publisher=Karebosi.com| url=http://berita.karebosi.com/758_5300/mike_wakili_indonesia_di_asian_idol.html| language=id| access-date=1 December 2007| archive-date=4 December 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071204123111/http://berita.karebosi.com/758_5300/mike_wakili_indonesia_di_asian_idol.html| url-status=usurped}}</ref> Season 2 Winner || ''[[I Believe I Can Fly]]'' || ''Mengejar Matahari'' (Chasing the Sun) || [[Indra Lesmana]]<ref name=Empat /> || [[RCTI]]
|-
| ''[[SuperStar KZ]]'' || colspan=5 | Originally in the lineup but failed to send a representative among its four winners.<ref name=Empat />
|-
| ''[[Malaysian Idol]]'' || [[Jaclyn Victor]]<ref name="Jaclyn">{{cite news|first=Sheela| last=Chandran| title=Jac to sing at ''Asian Idol''| date=28 November 2007| work=The Star Online| url=http://www.star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=/2007/11/28/music/19594323&sec=music| access-date=2 December 2007| archive-url= https://archive.today/20130225214712/http://web.archive.org/web/20071130050707/http://star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=/2007/11/28/music/19594323&sec=music| archive-date= 25 February 2013 | url-status= live}}</ref> Season 1 Winner|| ''[[For Once in My Life]]'' || ''Gemilang'' (Glory) || [[Paul Moss]]<ref name=Second>{{cite news |first=Hirzen |last=Kamal |title=Jac gets second chance |date=25 November 2007 |publisher=The New Straits Times Online |url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Monday/Features/20071125182758/Article/indexpull_html |access-date=27 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128151717/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Monday/Features/20071125182758/Article/indexpull_html |archive-date=28 November 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> || [[8TV (Malaysian TV network)|8TV]]
|-
| ''[[Philippine Idol]]'' || [[Mau Marcelo]]<ref name=Mau>{{cite news|first=Bayani Jr |last=San Diego |title=Mau on the move |date=20 November 2007 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view_article.php?article_id=102153 |access-date=2 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202184430/http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view_article.php?article_id=102153 |archive-date=2 February 2008 }}</ref> Season 1 Winner|| ''[[Reach (Gloria Estefan song)|Reach]]'' || ''Ako ang Nasawi, Ako ang Nagwagi'' (I'm the Defeated, I'm the Winner) || [[Pilita Corrales]]<ref name=ABC>{{cite news|first=Bayani Jr |last=San Diego |title=ABC 5 bags ''Asian Idol'' |date=20 November 2007 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view_article.php?article_id=101930 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117003843/http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view_article.php?article_id=101930 |archive-date=17 January 2008 }}</ref> || [[Associated Broadcasting Company|ABC]]
|-
| ''[[Singapore Idol]]''|| bgcolor="gold"|Hady Mirza<ref name=Here /> Season 2 Winner||bgcolor="gold"|''[[Beautiful Day]]'' ||bgcolor="gold"|''Berserah'' (Holding On) || [[Ken Lim]]<ref name=Here>{{cite news|first=Jeanmarie |last=Tan |title=''ASIAN IDOL'', Here I come |date=17 November 2007 |publisher=The Electric New Paper |url=http://tnp.sg/show/story/0,4136,147974,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071119142622/http://tnp.sg/show/story/0%2C4136%2C147974%2C00.html |archive-date=19 November 2007 }}</ref> || [[Channel 5 (Singaporean TV channel)|MediaCorp TV Channel 5]]
|-
| ''[[Vietnam Idol]]'' || [[Phương Vy]]<ref name=Vietnam>{{cite news|last=Tien Phong |title=Vietnam Idol to sing at ''Asian Idol'' |date=19 November 2007 |publisher=VietNamNet |url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/lifestyle/2007/11/755654/ |access-date=2 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214221047/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/lifestyle/2007/11/755654/ |archive-date=14 December 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> Season 1 Winner || ''[[River Deep - Mountain High]]'' || ''Lúc Mới Yêu'' (Just Falling in Love) || [[Siu Black]]<ref name=Siu>{{cite news| last=Dân Trí| title=Siu Black làm giám khảo của ''Asian Idol''| date=4 December 2007| publisher=BaoKhanhHoa.com.vn| url=http://www.baokhanhhoa.com.vn/Vanhoa-Thethao/2007/12/254789/| access-date=4 December 2007| archive-date=3 March 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234728/http://www.baokhanhhoa.com.vn/Vanhoa-Thethao/2007/12/254789/| url-status=dead}}{{in lang|vi}}</ref> || [[Ho Chi Minh City Television|HTV9]]
|}

===Voting procedures===

There are several differences in voting and tabulation between ''Asian Idol'' and other ''Idol'' shows. Unlike the latter wherein the viewers get to vote for one contestant, the voting procedure for ''Asian Idol'' requires viewers to send [[Short message service|SMS]] votes for two favorite Idols, thus allowing contestants to receive votes aside from their respective countries.<ref name=Australian>{{cite news| title=''Asian Idol'''s Aussie connection| date=1 November 2007| publisher=Australian Idol Official Website, News section| url=http://www.australianidol.com.au/news-asian-idol.html}}</ref><ref name=Voting>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071213065124/http://www.theasianidol.tv/terms.php Voting Procedures, Terms and Conditions]}} ''Asian Idol'' Official Website</ref>

As consideration on population size among the participating countries, tabulation of votes are done through an "Equal and Even Cumulative Method", wherein the total votes of each country are converted into percentages.<ref name=Voting /><ref name=VotingFAQ>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071213063300/http://www.theasianidol.tv/faq.php Voting Procedures, Frequently Asked Questions]}} ''Asian Idol'' Official Website</ref> The winner was said to be determined through 50% viewers' votes and 50% judges' scores,<ref name=Percent>{{cite news| title=Kontestan ''Asian Idol'' Menghadap SBY: Mike Nyanyikan Lagu Milik Koes Plus di Depan Presiden| date=7 December 2007| publisher=Kompas.com| url=http://www.kompas.com/ver1/Hiburan/0712/08/181621.htm| access-date=8 December 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213042340/http://kompas.com/ver1/Hiburan/0712/08/181621.htm| archive-date=13 December 2007| url-status=dead| language=id| df=dmy-all}}</ref> but this was not confirmed during the program.

===Partial results===
Daniel Hartono, project manager of ''Asian Idol'', revealed during a press conference that Mohede received the highest number of actual votes at approximately one million in total. However, because of the show's voting process where 50% of votes per country goes to the second option Idol, Mohede's votes were slashed by half and total percentages of votes from other participating countries were added. Hady, meanwhile, got the highest number of "second option votes". In total, Hady got 115% while Mohede is in second place with 111% and Victor got the fewest votes. The rankings of other contestants were not revealed.<ref name=Results>{{cite news|first=Susi |last=Iwaty |title=''Asian Idol'': Kontes Keberuntungan? |date=23 December 2007 |newspaper=Kompas |url=http://kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0712/23/hiburan/4097269.htm |language=id |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226150000/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0712/23/hiburan/4097269.htm |archive-date=26 December 2007 }}</ref>

===Telecast schedule===
To address differences in time zones (and in some cases, telecast dates), shows about ''Asian Idol'' was broadcast on different time slots and dates depending on the country. For instance, viewers in Indonesia, Philippines, and Malaysia, watched ''Road to Asian Idol'' on 8 December 2007, while it was shown in Vietnam on 9 December 2007. Viewers in India and Singapore watched the preview program on 14 December 2007.<ref name=Schedule>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071213065104/http://www.theasianidol.tv/schedule.php On-Air Schedule of ''Asian Idol'']}} ''Asian Idol'' Official Website, Schedule section</ref>

The Performance Night was taped on 12 December 2007, in Hall D2 of [[Arena Pekan Raya Jakarta]].<ref name="Freeticket">{{Cite web|date=14 December 2007|title=Asian Idol Official Website - Who's the First?|url=http://www.theasianidol.tv/freeticket.php|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214124230/http://www.theasianidol.tv/freeticket.php|archive-date=14 December 2007|access-date=1 July 2021|website=}}</ref> This program was seen first by viewers in Vietnam on 14 December 2007, followed by viewers in other participating countries on 15 December 2007, although in different time slots depending on time zones.

The Results Show, meanwhile, was shown "live" on 16 December 2007, with varying time slots, depending on time zones.<ref name=Schedule />

===Pre-event activities===
The contestants for ''Asian Idol'' participated in activities promoting the program during their stay in Jakarta. On 7 December 2007, the contestants donated [[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]]12,985,000 (roughly [[United States dollar|US$]]1,500) to RCTI's Jalinan Kasih (Love Line Foundation) in Jakarta's Borobodur Hotel.<ref name="Jalinan">{{cite news|title=''Asian Idol'' Beri Donasi Jalinan Kasih RCTI |date=8 December 2007 |publisher= |url=http://www.seputar-indonesia.com/edisicetak/berita-utama/asian-idol-beri-donasi-jalinan-kasih.html |access-date=14 December 2007 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414023813/http://web.archive.org/web/20071210214911/http://www.seputar-indonesia.com/edisicetak/berita-utama/asian-idol-beri-donasi-jalinan-kasih.html |archive-date=14 April 2013 |language=id |url-status=usurped |work=[[Seputar Indonesia]]}}</ref> A day later, they visited the [[Istana Bogor|presidential palace]] of Indonesia's President [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] in [[Bogor]].<ref name=Percent />

===Controversies===
[[Sandeep Acharya]], the second-season winner of ''Indian Idol'', was dismayed over Sawant's selection to compete in ''Asian Idol''. He claimed that Sony TV India, the broadcaster of ''Indian Idol'', was supposed to hold a competition among its three winners to determine India's representative and he felt he was bypassed.

Network representatives clarified that although they have the option to choose their representative, they were toying the idea of competing the three ''Indian Idol'' winners—including season 3 winner [[Prashant Tamang]]. However, it was cancelled due to scheduling conflicts.<ref name=Versus>{{cite news|first=Sapana Patil| last=Poojary| title=Idol versus Idol!| date=30 November 2007| publisher=DNAIndia.com| url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1136448| access-date=1 December 2007}}</ref>

There were reports of disrupted voting lines the Philippines, making SMS votes delayed by as much as eight hours until the morning of 16 December 2007. According to representatives of ABC, the Philippine broadcaster of ''Asian Idol'', the glitch was caused by "a clog in the telephone companies".<ref name=Clog>{{cite news|first=Bayani Jr |last=San Diego |title=Singaporean is first 'Asian Idol' |page=G1, G3 |date=19 December 2007 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view/20071218-107644/Singaporean_is_first_Asian_Idol |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118120809/http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view/20071218-107644/Singaporean_is_first_Asian_Idol |archive-date=18 January 2008 }}</ref>

===Reactions===


Hady Mirza's win came as a surprise, as at least three of the judges predicted that the winner would either be Marcelo, Mohede, or Victor.<ref name=Surprise>{{cite news|first=Jerry |last=Donato |title=Mau Marcelo puts up a good fight |page=C-6 |date=18 December 2007 |newspaper=The Philippine Star |url=http://www.philstar.com/index.php?Entertainment&p=49&type=2&sec=31&aid=2007121742 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219071249/http://www.philstar.com/index.php?Entertainment&p=49&type=2&sec=31&aid=2007121742 |archive-date=19 December 2007 }}</ref>

There were claims that Hady may have gotten the crucial second vote outside of his home country, wherein it is claimed that votes for strong candidates were paired with weak ones like Hady and Sawant who were trailing in Asian Idol's online survey.<ref name=Clog /> This voting tactic was said to avoid viewers' home Idols be beaten by their closest rivals.<ref name=Fluke>{{cite news|first=Jeanmarie |last=Tan |title=Did Hady win by SMS voting FLUKE? |date=19 December 2007 |publisher=The Electric New Paper |url=http://newpaper.asia1.com.sg/show/story/0,4136,151072,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220175414/http://newpaper.asia1.com.sg/show/story/0%2C4136%2C151072%2C00.html |archive-date=20 December 2007 }}</ref>

In Singapore, the victory stirred hopes of a revival of the country's golden age of music during the 1960s and 70's. [[Taufik Batisah]], first season winner of ''Singapore Idol'', said that the win is something their country should be proud of and hopefully this would "open the eyes and ears" of listeners. However, there were viewers in Singapore who still doubt Hady's singing ability, claiming that his performance in ''Asian Idol'' was not as strong as other competitors and it was a matter of "luck over talent".<ref name="Era">{{cite news| first=Zul| last=Othman| title=A new era for local music, or just an idle dream| date=18 December 2007| publisher=ChannelNewsAsia.com| url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/entertainment/view/317984/1/.html| archive-url=https://archive.today/20130224115442/http://web.archive.org/web/20071218174448/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/entertainment/view/317984/1/.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=24 February 2013| access-date=19 December 2007}}</ref> ''Singapore Idol'' judge Ken Lim reiterated that "looks and voice" had won the title for Hady.<ref name=Clog />

Meanwhile, Hady shrugged off speculations that he won because he was a "non-threat", but considered himself an [[underdog (competition)|underdog]] and that he did "pretty well" in terms of sincerity and connecting with the audience.<ref name=Fluke />

Filipino TV and movie critic Nestor U. Torre mentioned that he was not surprised about Hady's win, even lauding him for his "impressively cool yet dynamic" performances. He also appreciated Victor and Phuong Vy's performances. While Torre was also equally impressed by Marcelo and Mohede's voices, he also said that their girth worked to their disadvantage. On Sawant, Torre noted that his "balladeer" projection was "less dynamic" with his country's large voting population failing him. Despite the surprises and disappointments in the competition, Torre regarded ''Asian Idol'' a success as it produced relatively new talents in the Asian and international music scene.<ref name=Torre>{{cite news|first=Nestor U. |last=Torre |title=One surprise after another in 'Asian Idol' finals |date=23 December 2007 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |page=I2 |url=http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view/20071223-108426/One_surprise_after_another_in_‘Asian_Idol’_finals |access-date=23 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222153603/http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view/20071223-108426/One_surprise_after_another_in_%E2%80%98Asian_Idol%E2%80%99_finals |archive-date=22 February 2008 }}</ref>

==Season 2==
Fotini Paraskakis, [[FremantleMedia]] Asia's production director (which holds the ''Idol'' franchises in the Philippines, India, Indonesia, Vietnam, Singapore, and Malaysia) reported that the second season would not take place in 2008, and was planning to launch on 2009 due to several reasons (Kazakhstan, Malaysian and Singapore franchises ended, relaunch of the Philippine franchise, delayed launch of India and Vietnam, cancellation of the Pakistan franchise). Thailand (which will have its franchise soon) is reported to participate in the event.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pep.ph/guide/2129/Fremantle-Media-says-there-won%E2%80%99t-be-an-Asian-Idol-this-year |title=FremantleMedia says there won't be an Asian Idol this year |access-date=10 September 2008 |last=Dimaculangan |first=Jocelyn |publisher=Philippine Entertainment Portal |date=21 June 2008 |archive-date=16 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416035642/http://www.pep.ph/guide/2129/Fremantle-Media-says-there-won%E2%80%99t-be-an-Asian-Idol-this-year |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Idol series}}

[[Category:Asian Idol| ]]
[[Category:Television series by Fremantle (company)]]
[[Category:2007 Indonesian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2007 Indonesian television series endings]]
[[Category:Non-British television series based on British television series]]

Jaswant Singh II of Dungarpur

2026-01-26T14:25:42Z

RomanStrock4259: new the biography w/ infobox

{{Short description|Maharawal of Dungarpur from 1808 to 1844}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Jaswant Singh
| succession = Maharawal of [[Dungarpur state|Dungarpur]]
| reign = 1808 – 1844
| predecessor = Fateh Singh
| regent = [[Dalpat Singh of Pratapgarh|Dalpat Singh]]
| successor = [[Udai Singh II of Dungarpur|Udai Singh II]]
| death_date = 1846
| issue = [[Dalpat Singh of Pratapgarh|Dalpat Singh]] (adoptive)
| house = {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Dungarp.svg}} [[Dungarpur state|Dungarpur]]
| father = Fateh Singh
| dynasty = [[Sisodia dynasty|Sisodia]]
}}
'''Jaswant Singh II''' was the Maharawal of [[Dungarpur state|Dungarpur]] from 1808 to 1844.

== Biography ==
Jaswant Singh succeeded his father, Fateh Singh, as the Maharawal of [[Dungarpur state|Dungarpur]] after his death in 1808.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Xxxxxxxx |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.52340/ |title=Short History Of The Dungarpur State |date=1911 |pages=103–115}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Sehgal |first=K. k |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120393 |title=Rajasthan District Gazetteers Dungarpur |date=1961 |pages=34}}</ref> [[Bhim Singh of Mewar]] had hired Sindhi mercenaries to control his disobedient nobles.<ref name=":1" /> However, when their wages were delayed, they revolted against him.<ref name=":1" /> In 1812, 30,000 mercenaries under the command of Khudadad Khan Sindhi besieged [[Dungarpur state|Dungarpur]].<ref name=":0" /> The siege lasted for twenty days, but the betrayal of a local noble, Mahrup, created an easy path for the Sindhis.<ref name=":0" /> He opened the city gates for them at night.<ref name=":0" /> He opened the city gates for the Sindhis at night, allowing them to enter and seize control of the city.<ref name=":0" /> Jaswant Singh had to flee with his family, accompanied by Rikhab Das and Kishan Das, and seek refuge in the Bhil Pal of Sarana.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He remained there while they enjoyed undisputed control until, in 1815, help finally came from [[House of Holkar|Holkar]], who defeated them at [[Galiakot]].<ref name=":0" /> But he was taken prisoner by the Sindhis, who sent him under a strong escort to [[Salumbar]].<ref name=":0" /> When Suraj Mal, the Rawat of Thana, heard this, he assassinated Khudadad Khan and released him, after which Jaswant granted Ramgarh and Datana as a jagir.<ref name=":0" /> In 1816, he returned to Dungarpur, and his authority was restored.<ref name=":0" /> For the next three years, [[Dungarpur state|Dungarpur]] suffered greatly—first from the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]], then from the [[Pindari]]s, and finally from its own soldiers, including Arabs, Makranis, and Sindhis.<ref name=":0" /> Under these circumstances, he concluded a treaty with the [[East India Company]] in 1818,<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Aitchison |first=C. U. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.13998/ |title=Collection of treaties, engagements and sanads: relating to India and neighbouring countries, 4th edition vol.3 |date=1909 |pages=21–22}}</ref> and the state was guaranteed protection against external aggression.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36597/ |title=Report On The Administration Of The Dungarpur State Rajputana |date=1946 |pages=4}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Bayley |first=C. S. |url=https://archive.org/details/chiefsleadingfam00csba/ |title=Chiefs and leading families in Rajputana |date=2004 |publisher=New Delhi : Asian Educational Services |others=Public Resource |isbn=978-81-206-1066-8 |pages=36–37, 44}}</ref> He adopted [[Dalpat Singh of Pratapgarh|Dalpat Singh]], the second son of Dip Singh and grandson of Maharawat Sawant Singh of [[Pratapgarh State|Pratapgarh]], as his son.<ref name=":2" /> He was deposed by the British Government in 1825 because he was an incompetent ruler and addicted to the lowest vices.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Purushotam Vishram Mawjee |url=https://archive.org/details/DurbarAlbum1 |title=(1911) Imperial durbar album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars, Vol. I. |date=1911 |pages=101}}</ref> His adopted son, [[Dalpat Singh of Pratapgarh|Dalpat Singh]], was then appointed regent of the state.<ref name=":2" /> When his biological grandfather died, [[Dalpat Singh of Pratapgarh|Dalpat Singh]] succeeded him in [[Pratapgarh State|Pratapgarh]] and continued to administer [[Dungarpur state|Dungarpur]].<ref name=":3" /> However, this arrangement was disapproved by the nobles of [[Dungarpur state|Dungarpur]] and the Government of India.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> On this occasion, Jaswant Singh attempted to regain his authority and elevate Mohkam Singh, the son of Himmat Singh, Thakur of Nandli, to the throne, but local nobles intervened and prevented him from doing so.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> He was later banished to [[Mathura]], where he was kept under surveillance and received an allowance of Rs. 12,000 a year.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> He died there in 1846.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:People from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Maharajas in Rajputana]]
[[Category:1846 deaths]]

2024 Delhi Capitals (WPL) season

2026-01-14T12:07:56Z

RomanStrock4259:

{{short description|WPL cricket team in 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
|club=Delhi Capitals
|season=[[2024 Women's Premier League (cricket)|2024]]
|captain=[[Meg Lanning]]
|coach=[[Jonathan Batty]]
|comp1=[[2024 Women's Premier League (cricket)#League stage|WPL League]]
|comp1 result=Qualified for Playoffs<ref>{{Cite web |title=WPL 2024 playoffs qualification scenario: 3 teams fight for two spots |url=https://www.business-standard.com/cricket/news/wpl-2024-playoffs-qualification-scenario-four-teams-fight-for-two-spots-124031000218_1.html |website=Business Standard}}</ref> (Final)<ref name = "F">{{Cite news |title=Delhi Capitals defeat Gujarat Giants by seven wickets to take direct flight to WPL Final |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/delhi-capitals-defeat-gujarat-giants-by-seven-wickets-to-take-direct-flight-to-wpl-final/articleshow/108473688.cms |website=The Economic Times|date=14 March 2024 }}</ref>
|comp2=[[2024 Women's Premier League (cricket)#Final|WPL Final]]
|comp2 result=Runner-up<ref name = "RU">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-17 |title=DC vs RCB Highlights, WPL 2024 Final: RCB conquer Delhi Capitals by 8 wickets, clinch maiden title |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/dc-vs-rcb-wpl-final-2024-live-cricket-score-delhi-capitals-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-womens-premier-league-t20-101710671013418.html |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|most runs=[[Meg Lanning]] (331)
|most wickets=[[Marizanne Kapp]] (11)
|most catches=[[Radha Yadav]] (6)
|most dismissals=[[Taniya Bhatia]] (5)
|prevseason=[[Delhi Capitals in 2023 (WPL)|2023]]
|nextseason=[[Delhi Capitals in 2025 (WPL)|2025]]
}}

The [[2024 Women's Premier League (cricket)|2024 season]] was the second season for the franchise [[Delhi Capitals (WPL)|Delhi Capitals]]. They were one of five teams that competed in the [[2024 Women's Premier League (cricket)|2024 Women's Premier League]]. They were the runner-up of the [[2023 Women's Premier League (cricket)|previous (inaugural) season]] after losing the [[2023 Women's Premier League Final|Final]] to [[Mumbai Indians (WPL)|Mumbai Indians]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-26 |title=Sciver-Brunt and Wong lead Mumbai Indians to inaugural WPL title |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-premier-league-2022-23-1348825/delhi-capitals-women-vs-mumbai-indians-women-final-1358950/match-report |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

Delhi Capitals direct qualified for the WPL Final as the League stage table topper for the consecutive 2nd year.<ref name = "F" /> Delhi Capitals lost the Final to [[Royal Challengers Bangalore (WPL)|Royal Challengers Bangalore]] finishing as the runner-up for the consecutive 2nd year.<ref name = "RU" />

==Squad==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''
* Ages as of 23 February 2024
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Nationality
!Birth date
!Batting style
!Bowling style
!Notes
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#dcdcdc" |Batters
|-
|'''[[Sneha Deepthi]]'''
|{{crw|IND}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|1996|9|10|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|Right-arm [[Off spin|off break]]
|
|-
|[[Laura Harris (cricketer)|Laura Harris]]
|{{crw|AUS}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|1990|8|18|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|[[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]]
|Overseas player
|-
|'''[[Meg Lanning]]'''
|{{crw|AUS}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|1992|3|25|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]
|Captain. Overseas player
|-
|[[Aparna Mondal]]
|{{crw|IND}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|1996|6|2|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|–
|
|-
|'''[[Jemimah Rodrigues]]'''
|{{crw|IND}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|2000|9|5|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|Right-arm [[Off spin|off break]]
|Vice-captain
|-
|'''[[Shafali Verma]]'''
|{{crw|IND}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|2004|1|28|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|Right-arm [[Off spin|off break]]
|
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#dcdcdc" |All-rounders
|-
|'''[[Alice Capsey]]'''
|{{crw|ENG}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|2004|8|11|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|Right-arm [[Off spin|off break]]
|Overseas player
|-
|'''[[Jess Jonassen]]'''
|{{crw|AUS}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|1992|11|5|df=y}}
|Left-handed
|[[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]]
|Overseas player
|-
|'''[[Marizanne Kapp]]'''
|{{crw|RSA}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|1990|1|4|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]
|Overseas player
|-
|[[Ashwani Kumari]]
|{{crw|IND}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|1997|8|25|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]
|
|-
|'''[[Minnu Mani]]'''
|{{crw|IND}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|1999|3|24|df=y}}
|Left-handed
|Right-arm [[Off spin|off break]]
|
|-
|'''[[Annabel Sutherland]]'''
|{{crw|AUS}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|2001|10|12|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]
|Overseas player
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#dcdcdc" |Wicket-keepers
|-
|'''[[Taniya Bhatia]]'''
|{{crw|IND}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|1997|11|28|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|–
|
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#dcdcdc" |Bowlers
|-
|'''[[Shikha Pandey]]'''
|{{crw|IND}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|1989|5|12|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]
|
|-
|'''[[Arundhati Reddy]]'''
|{{crw|IND}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|1997|10|4|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]
|
|-
|[[Titas Sadhu]]
|{{crw|IND}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|2004|9|29|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]
|
|-
|'''[[Poonam Yadav]]'''
|{{crw|IND}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|1991|8|24|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|Right-arm [[Leg spin|leg break]]
|
|-
|'''[[Radha Yadav]]'''
|{{crw|IND}}
|{{Birth date and age2|2024|02|23|2000|4|21|df=y}}
|Right-handed
|[[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]]
|
|}
* Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=WPL 2024 squads: Full player list for all teams {{!}} The Cricketer |url=https://www.thecricketer.com/Topics/wpl/wpl_2024_squads_full_player_list_all_teams.html |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=www.thecricketer.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Support staff ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Position
!Name
|-
|Head coach
|[[Jonathan Batty]]
|-
|Assistant coach
|[[Hemlata Kala]]
|-
|Assistant coach
|[[Lisa Keightley]]
|-
|Fielding coach
|[[Biju George]]
|}
*Source: Official website<ref>{{cite web |date=11 February 2023 |title=Delhi Capitals announce Coaching Staff Ahead of Women's Premier League 2023 |url=https://www.delhicapitals.in/delhi-capitals-announce-coaching-staff-ahead-of-womens-premier-league-2023 |access-date=24 February 2023 |publisher=Delhi Capitals}}</ref>

== Sponsors ==
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2025}}
* Kit manufacturer: [[Puma SE|Puma]]
* Main shirt sponsor: [[DP World]]
* Back shirt sponsor: [[JSW Group|JSW Paints]]

== League stage ==
{{2024 Women's Premier League Points table}}

=== Fixtures and results ===

{{Single-innings cricket match|round={{Anchor|Match 1}}'''Match 1'''|date=23 February 2024|time=20:00|night=y|team1=[[Delhi Capitals (WPL)|Delhi Capitals]]|team2=[[Mumbai Indians (WPL)|Mumbai Indians]]|score1=171/5 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Alice Capsey]] 75 (53)|wickets1=[[Nat Sciver-Brunt]] 2/33 (4 overs)|score2=173/6 (20 overs)|runs2=[[Yastika Bhatia]] 57 (45)|wickets2=[[Alice Capsey]] 2/23 (2 overs)|result=Mumbai Indians won by 4 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1417716.html Scorecard]|venue=[[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]|umpires=Abhijeet Bengeri and [[Vrinda Rathi]]|motm=[[Harmanpreet Kaur]] (Mumbai Indians)|toss=Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match|round={{Anchor|Match 4}}'''Match 4'''|date=26 February 2024|time=19:30|night=y|team1=[[UP Warriorz]]|team2=[[Delhi Capitals (WPL)|Delhi Capitals]]|score1=119/9 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Shweta Sehrawat]] 45 (42)|wickets1=[[Radha Yadav]] 4/20 (4 overs)|score2=123/1 (14.3 overs)|runs2=[[Shafali Verma]] 64[[not out|*]] (43)|wickets2=[[Sophie Ecclestone]] 1/31 (3.3 overs)|result=Delhi Capitals won by 9 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1417719.html Scorecard]|venue=[[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]|umpires=Mohit Krishnadas and [[Pashchim Pathak]]|motm=[[Marizanne Kapp]] (Delhi Capitals)|toss=Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match|round={{Anchor|Match 7}}'''Match 7'''|date=29 February 2024|time=19:30|night=y|team1=[[Delhi Capitals (WPL)|Delhi Capitals]]|team2=[[Royal Challengers Bangalore (WPL)|Royal Challengers Bangalore]]|score1=194/5 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Shafali Verma]] 50 (31)|wickets1=[[Sophie Devine]] 2/23 (3 overs)|score2=169/9 (20 overs)|runs2=[[Smriti Mandhana]] 74 (43)|wickets2=[[Jess Jonassen]] 3/21 (4 overs)|result=Delhi Capitals won by 25 runs|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1417722.html Scorecard]|venue=[[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]|umpires=Abhijit Bhattacharya and [[Narayanan Janani]]|motm=[[Marizanne Kapp]] (Delhi Capitals)|toss=Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match|round={{Anchor|Match 10}}'''Match 10'''|date=3 March 2024|time=19:30|night=y|team1=[[Delhi Capitals (WPL)|Delhi Capitals]]|team2=[[Gujarat Giants (WPL)|Gujarat Giants]]|score1=163/8 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Meg Lanning]] 55 (41)|wickets1=[[Meghna Singh]] 4/37 (4 overs)|score2=138/8 (20 overs)|runs2=[[Ashleigh Gardner]] 40 (31)|wickets2=[[Radha Yadav]] 3/20 (4 overs)|result=Delhi Capitals won by 25 runs|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1417725.html Scorecard]|venue=[[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]|umpires=Parashar Joshi and Mohamed Rafi|motm=[[Jess Jonassen]] (Delhi Capitals)|toss=Gujarat Giants won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=Sayali Satghare (Gujarat Giants) replaced [[Dayalan Hemalatha]] as a concussion substitute in the second innings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Satghare comes in for Hemalatha to become the first concussion substitute in the WPL |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/gujarat-giants-sayali-satghare-comes-in-for-d-hemalatha-as-the-first-concussion-substitute-in-the-wpl-1423415 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref>}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match|round={{Anchor|Match 12}}'''Match 12'''|date=5 March 2024|time=19:30|night=y|team1=[[Delhi Capitals (WPL)|Delhi Capitals]]|team2=[[Mumbai Indians (WPL)|Mumbai Indians]]|score1=192/4 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Jemimah Rodrigues]] 69[[not out|*]] (33)|wickets1=[[Pooja Vastrakar]] 1/20 (4 overs)|score2=163/8 (20 overs)|runs2=[[Amanjot Kaur]] 42 (27)|wickets2=[[Jess Jonassen]] 3/21 (4 overs)|result=Delhi Capitals won by 29 runs|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1417727.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Arun Jaitley Cricket Stadium]], [[New Delhi]]|umpires=Abhijit Bhattacharya and [[Narayanan Janani]]|motm=[[Jemimah Rodrigues]] (Delhi Capitals)|toss=Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match|round={{Anchor|Match 15}}'''Match 15'''|date=8 March 2024|time=19:30|night=y|team1=[[UP Warriorz]]|team2=[[Delhi Capitals (WPL)|Delhi Capitals]]|score1=138/8 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Deepti Sharma]] 59 (48)|wickets1=[[Radha Yadav]] 2/16 (3 overs)|score2=137 (19.5 overs)|runs2=[[Meg Lanning]] 60 (46)|wickets2=[[Deepti Sharma]] 4/19 (4 overs)|result=UP Warriorz won by 1 run|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1417730.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Arun Jaitley Cricket Stadium]], [[New Delhi]]|umpires=Parashar Joshi and Mohamed Rafi|motm=[[Deepti Sharma]] (Delhi Capitals)|toss=UP Warriorz won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=[[Deepti Sharma]] (UP Warriorz) became the first Indian bowler to take a [[Hat-trick (cricket)|hat-trick]] in the [[Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://femalecricket.com/wpl-2024/38730-deepti-sharma-becomes-first-indian-bowler-to-pick-hat-trick-in-wpl.html | title=Deepti Sharma becomes first Indian bowler to pick Hat-Trick in WPL | work=Female Cricket | date=9 March 2024 | accessdate=10 March 2024}}</ref>}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match|round={{Anchor|Match 17}}'''Match 17'''|date=10 March 2024|time=19:30|night=y|team1=[[Delhi Capitals (WPL)|Delhi Capitals]]|team2=[[Royal Challengers Bangalore (WPL)|Royal Challengers Bangalore]]|score1=181/5 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Jemimah Rodrigues]] 58 (36)|wickets1=[[Shreyanka Patil]] 4/26 (4 overs)|score2=180/7 (20 overs)|runs2=[[Richa Ghosh]] 51 (29)|wickets2=[[Alice Capsey]] 1/5 (1 over)|result=Delhi Capitals won by 1 run|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1417732.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Arun Jaitley Cricket Stadium]], [[New Delhi]]|umpires=Abhijit Bhattacharya and [[Narayanan Janani]]|motm=[[Jemimah Rodrigues]] (Delhi Capitals)|toss=Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=Delhi Capitals qualified for the playoffs as a result of this match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-premier-league-2023-24-1411373/delhi-capitals-women-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-women-17th-match-1417732/match-report |title=Heartbreak for Ghosh as Capitals qualify for playoffs in thriller |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=10 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref>}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match|round={{Anchor|Match 20}}'''Match 20'''|date=13 March 2024|time=19:30|night=y|team1=[[Gujarat Giants (WPL)|Gujarat Giants]]|team2=[[Delhi Capitals (WPL)|Delhi Capitals]]|score1=126/9 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Bharti Fulmali]] 42 (36)|wickets1=[[Minnu Mani]] 2/9 (2 overs)|score2=129/3 (13.1 overs)|runs2=[[Shafali Verma]] 71 (37)|wickets2=Tanuja Kanwar 2/20 (4 overs)|result=Delhi Capitals won by 7 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1417735.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Arun Jaitley Cricket Stadium]], [[New Delhi]]|umpires=Parashar Joshi and Mohamed Rafi|motm=[[Shafali Verma]] (Delhi Capitals)|toss=Gujarat Giants won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}}

== Playoffs ==
{{#section:2024_Women's_Premier_League_(cricket)|playoffs}}
=== Final ===
{{Excerpt|2024 Women's Premier League (cricket) final|hat=no|section=Summary|bold=yes}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=

}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.delhicapitals.in}}
* [https://www.wplt20.com/teams/delhi-capitals Delhi Capitals on WPLT20 Website]
{{Delhi Capitals (WPL)}}{{2024 Women's Premier League (cricket)}}{{Women's Premier League (cricket)}}{{Portal bar|India|Cricket}}

[[Category:2024 Women's Premier League (cricket)]]

Kalyani Ghoshpara railway station

2026-01-13T05:54:53Z

RomanStrock4259: general update section for accuracy and cleaned formatting for consistency

{{Short description|Railway station in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Kalyani Ghoshpara
| style = Kolkata Suburban Railway
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]]
| image = Kalyani Ghoshpara station in Kalyani Simanta Branch line 10.jpg
| address = Ghoshpara Station Road, [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]], [[Nadia district]], [[West Bengal]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.981785|88.439769|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| elevation = {{convert|12|m|ft}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| tracks = 1
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| parking = Available
| bicycle = Not available
| status = Functioning
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = KLYG
| zone = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Sealdah}}
}}
| opened = 1979
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 1979
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| map_type = India West Bengal#India
| map_dot_label = Kalyani Ghoshpara
| map_size = 300
| map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Kolkata Suburban Railway|line=Eastern|left=Kalyani Silpanchal|right=Kalyani Simanta|to-left=Sealdah|to-right=Kalyani Simanta|type=[[Sealdah–Ranaghat line|Main line]]}}
| image_caption = Kalyani Ghoshpara railway station
| line = [[Kalyani–Kalyani Simanta link]]
| other =
| platform = 1
| accessible = Not available
| route_map = {{Sealdah–Ranaghat line}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}
'''Kalyani Ghoshpara railway station''' is a [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] station on the Kalyani Simanta Branch line of [[Sealdah railway division]]. It is situated at Ghoshpara Road, [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]] in [[Nadia district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. It serves Ghoshpara, [[Kalyani University]], ITI College and B Block area of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/kalyani-ghoshpara-klyg/8390|title=KLYG/Kalyani Ghoshpara|publisher=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=1 March 2023}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Kalyani Simanta branch line memorial at Kalyani railway station 03.jpg|left|thumb|Kalyani Simanta branch line memorial]]
The [[Calcutta]] (Sealdah)–Kusthia line of [[Eastern Bengal Railway]] was opened to run in the year of 1862. British Government in India established the railway station in the then Roosvelt town named Chandmari Halt in 1883. In 1954 it was renamed into Kalyani. In 1979, the rail line was extended from Kalyani main station to [[Kalyani Simanta railway station]] and also established direct connectivity to {{stnlnk|Sealdah}} through Kalyani Simanta local [[Electric multiple unit|EMU]] trains.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,6,442,462,470|title=TRACTION DISTRIBUTION SEALDAH|website=er.indianrailways.gov.in|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/1979-80.pdf|title=Indian Railways Budget Speech 1979-80|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{commons category-inline|Kalyani Ghoshpara railway station}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1979]]
[[Category:Sealdah railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Nadia district]]
[[Category:Transport in Kalyani, West Bengal]]
[[Category:Kolkata Suburban Railway stations]]

{{WestBengal-railstation-stub}}

Pakistani passport

2025-12-31T06:43:24Z

RomanStrock4259:

{{Short description|Passport issued to Pakistani nationals}}
{{AI-generated|date=December 2025|reason=[[Special:Diff/1181726212|This 2023 rewrite]] and subsequent edits by user; note [[WP:AISIGNS]] such as superficial analyses, didactic disclaimers (historical to ~2023 LLMs), AI vocabulary distribution, etc}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox Identity document
| document_name = Pakistani passport
| image = Pakistani e-Passport Front New.png
| image_caption = Front cover of the current Pakistani e-passport (with [[Biometric passport|chip]] [[Image:EPassport logo.svg|20px]]), issued since 2023
| image2 = Data Page - Polycarbonate Page of Pakistani Passport.png
| date_first_issued = [[Independence Day (Pakistan)|1947]] (First Traditional Passport) 2004 (Machine Readable Passport) 2023 (Biometric Passport or e-Passport)
| using_jurisdiction ={{flagdeco|Pakistan}} [[Directorate General of Immigration & Passports]] of [[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)|Ministry of Interior]]
| valid_jurisdictions = Every country except for Israel.
| document_type = [[Passport]]
| purpose = [[Identity document|Identification]], international travel
| eligibility = [[Pakistani nationality law|Pakistani citizenship]]
| expiration = 5 or 10 years depending on age and type of acquisition
| cost = {{plainlist|
* {{nowrap|{{PKRConvert|4500}} (MRP with 5-year validity)}}
* {{nowrap|{{PKRConvert|6700}} (MRP with 10-year validity)}}
* {{nowrap|{{PKRConvert|9000}} (e-passport with 5-year validity)}}
* {{nowrap|{{PKRConvert|13500}} (e-passport with 10-year validity)}}
}}
|image_caption2=The polycarbonate data page of the current Pakistani [[biometric passport]]}}

'''Pakistani passports''' are issued to citizens of Pakistan for the purpose of international travel. The [[Directorate General of Immigration & Passports]] holds the responsibility for passport issuance, under the regulation of the [[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)|Ministry of Interior]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dgip.gov.pk/Files/Passport.aspx|title=Directorate General of Immigration & Passports, Ministry of Interior, Government of Pakistan|access-date=29 October 2016|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728063400/http://dgip.gov.pk/Files/Passport.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The words "{{lang|ur|اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان}}" ([[Urdu language|Urdu]] for ''Islamic Republic of Pakistan'') and "{{lang|ur|پاسپورٹ}}" (Urdu for ''passport'') are inscribed on the passport, along with their English equivalents. Pakistani citizens can apply for passport issuance and renewal through regional passport offices and [[Pakistani embassies]]. Renewals can also be [https://onlinemrp.dgip.gov.pk/renew-passport/ applied online] on the DGIP website. Effective January 2014, Pakistani passports are available with either a 5-year or 10-year validity, whereas children under the age of 15 are only eligible for a 5-year validity passport. It's important to note that under national law, Pakistani passports are explicitly not valid for travel to [[Israel]]. However, Pakistani travelers can visit Israel after obtaining confirmation from the [[Israeli Foreign Ministry]].

Pakistan issues two types of passports: [[machine-readable passport]]s and [[e-passport]]s. Prior to 2004, Pakistani passports had handwritten bearer details and a passport photo affixed to the cover page. Since then, passports have evolved, with identity information now printed on both the front and back cover pages, which are [[laminated]] to prevent unauthorized alterations. In 2004, Pakistan began issuing machine-readable passports, but they did not initially comply with the [[United Nations]]' [[International Civil Aviation Organization|ICAO]] standards to be considered as "electronic passports" due to a lack of necessary contactless chips and symbols ([[Image:EPassport logo.svg|20px|link=]]).<ref>ICAO website [http://www2.icao.int/en/MRTD/Downloads/Doc%209303/Doc%209303%20English/Doc%209303%20Part%203%20Vol%202.pdf Machine-Readable travel documents, specifications for electronically enabled MRtds with biometric identification capacity (doc 9303 part 3 vol 2)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122091050/http://www2.icao.int/en/MRTD/Downloads/Doc%209303/Doc%209303%20English/Doc%209303%20Part%203%20Vol%202.pdf|date=2010-11-22}}</ref>

Pakistani passports are printed at the DGIP headquarters in [[Islamabad]], the capital of the country.

On March 30, 2022, former Prime Minister [[Imran Khan]] launched the e-passport, which includes 29 new security features. Initially, e-passports were available only to diplomatic and government officials.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-30 |title=PM to launch e-passport system today: Rashid |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2350244/pm-to-launch-e-passport-system-today-rashid |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> Ordinary e-passport issuance was approved on December 30, 2022, with issuance commencing on January 1, 2024. In the initial production phase, these passports were exclusively available to residents of Islamabad, who could apply for them at the Directorate General of Immigration & Passports headquarters in Islamabad. Since August 16, 2023, Pakistani e-passports are accessible from any field office across the country. Pakistan's passport is ranked one of the worst in the world for global mobility.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.henleyglobal.com/passport-index/ranking | title=The Official Passport Index Ranking }}</ref>

==Types==
The issuance of Pakistani passports is governed by the ''Passport Act of 1974'' and the ''Passport and Visa Manual of 1974''. The Government of Pakistan offers three distinct types of passports to its citizens:<ref>[http://www.dgip.gov.pk/Files/Passport.html Types of Passport] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091209054149/http://www.dgip.gov.pk/Files/Passport.html |date=2009-12-09 }}</ref>

* [[Diplomatic passport]]s — issued by the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] to [[diplomat]]s and other eligible categories.<ref>Para-45 of the Passport & Visa Manual, 2006</ref> They are easily identifiable by their distinctive red ({{colorbox|#8E1913|border=BLACK}}) outer cover and are labelled with 'D' for 'Diplomatic' as their passport type on the data page.
* [[Official passport]]s — issued to various government officials, including [[Senate of Pakistan|senators]], members of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]], provincial ministers, judges of the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme]] and [[High courts of Pakistan|High courts]] of Pakistan, as well as government officers on official overseas assignments. They are identifiable by their blue ({{colorbox|#152B60|border=BLACK}}) cover<ref name=":1">Para-9 of the Passport & Visa Manual, 2006</ref> and are categorized as 'S', representing 'Service' as their passport type on the data page.
* [[Passport|Ordinary passports]] — issued to everyday Pakistani citizens, and easily recognisable by their green ({{colorbox|#153E2E|border=BLACK}}) outer cover. These passports have 'P', signifying 'Personal', as their passport type mentioned on their data page.<ref name=":1" />

=== Biometric passports e-Passports===
In 2022, Pakistan introduced state-of-the-art biometric passports, often referred to as "[[e-passports]]." (or [[Biometric passport]]). These advanced travel documents include an embedded electronic chip on the data page, which is the first page of the passport and crafted from [[polycarbonate]]. This chip is specifically engineered to protect biometric data, ensuring the reliable verification of the passport holder's identity. Inside the chip, you can find the passport holder's image, biometric information, personal details from the data page, a distinct identification number, and a digital signature.

These e-passports also incorporate a contactless ([[Near-field communication|NFC]]) chip, allowing for electronic readability. Pakistani citizens can conveniently use [[Automated border control system|e-gates]] located at various international airports for streamlined travel. Notably, these recently introduced Pakistani e-passports are fully compliant with the United Nations' ICAO standards.

=== Machine-readable passports ===
Pakistan started issuing machine-readable passports (MRPs) in 2004. These MRPs were introduced to enhance security features and comply with international standards for travel documents. Machine-readable passports contain a [[Machine Readable Zone|machine-readable zone]], biographic information and a digitized photograph of the passport holder, which can be scanned and read electronically at border control and immigration checkpoints.

=== Discontinued passports ===

* Before the introduction of machine-readable passports (MRPs) in Pakistan, Pakistan issued manual or traditional passports. These passports were hand-written and were not equipped with the electronic features and biometric data. Manual passports typically contained the passport holder's personal information, a glued photograph, and various stamps.
* In the past, Pakistan used to provide a distinct [[Hajj passport]] exclusively for Pakistani nationals embarking on [[Hajj]], the [[Islam]]ic pilgrimage to [[Mecca]], [[Saudi Arabia]]. However, these specialized Hajj passports are no longer in circulation, and regular Pakistani passports are now acceptable for this purpose.
* Prior to achieving independence, individuals from the region utilized [[British Indian passport|British Indian Passports]] for their travel documentation.

==Security features==

The key security features of the Pakistani MRP are:
* PKI – [[public key infrastructure|Public Key Infrastructure]]
* [[Biometrics]], namely [[Facial recognition system|facial]] and [[fingerprint]]
* IPI – Invisible Personal ID
* 2D [[Barcode]]
* [[MRZ|Machine-readable zone]] (MRZ)
* Security substrate and [[Lamination|laminate]]
* [[Ultraviolet]]-feature [[microprinting]]
* [[Holography|Holograms]]
* [[Watermark|Watermark paper]]
* [[Security printing|Security ink]]
* 3-colour [[Intaglio (printmaking)|intaglio printing]]
* [[Guilloché]] patterns

The '''Pakistani e-passport''' incorporates not only all the security elements of the MRP but also boasts an additional 29 advanced security features, including: a contactless electronic chip, offset microtext, deliberate errors, [[relief printing]], rainbow printing, [[Diffractive optically variable image device|Differactive Optically Variable Image Device]], UV Printing, Raster Printing, Multiple Laser Image, Modulated microtext, and 3D Design Relief.<ref>{{Cite web |title=E-PASSPORT IN PAKISTAN - SLD |url=https://sld.com.pk/2023/06/07/e-passports-in-pakistan/ |website=School of Law and Development}}</ref>

==Physical appearance==
[[File:BIpassport.jpg|thumb|British India passport, used when Pakistan was a part of British India.]]
[[File:Pakistani Passport Note about Israel.png|thumb|Pakistani passports contain a note that the passport cannot be used for travel to Israel]]
Ordinary Pakistani passports are characterized by their rich green covers adorned with golden insignia. Prominently displayed at the center of the front cover is the [[State emblem of Pakistan|State Emblem of Pakistan]]. Above the emblem, the words 'Islamic Republic of Pakistan' are elegantly inscribed in English, while below the emblem, one will find the [[Urdu]] script {{lang|ur|اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان}} along with 'پاسپورٹ,' and the term 'Passport' in English. The outer cover of Pakistani machine-readable passports features the State Emblem of Pakistan enclosed within a golden oval. In contrast, the Pakistani e-passport offers a more streamlined and modern appearance by eliminating the oval. The Pakistani e-passport also contains the chip inside ([[Image:EPassport logo.svg|20px|link=]]) symbol.

The standard Pakistani passport is composed of 36 pages, but for frequent travellers, there is the option to obtain passports with 72 or 100 pages.

===Physical appearance of a Pakistani e-passport===
* The opening cover end is titled "INSTRUCTIONS". This page contains signature/thumb impression of the holder, and a note that reads:
{{cquote|'' This Passport contains a chip and antenna embedded in Data Page. For best performance please do not bend, perforate or expose to excessive temperature and moisture''}} The passport cover page contains the following instructions above the note:
*# The Passport is the property of the Government of Pakistan and may be withdrawn at any time.
*# The possession of this Passport doesn't exempt passport holder from having to comply with the rules and regulations of any country or from having to obtain a visa when required.
*# In case of loss of Passport it must be reported to the nearest Passport Office and to the nearest Police Station in Pakistan or to the nearest Pakistan Mission in case of abroad. If the holder recovers the possession of lost Passport after reporting loss it must be reported within 14 days. Travel on reported lost Passport is prohibited.
*# Any person involved in alteration / tampering in the Passport would be liable to punishment under the law. Moreover, the person carrying a Passport unauthorizedly which belongs to some other person falls in same violation.
*# Dispatch of Passport abroad or recall to Pakistan from abroad through courier without permission from [[Directorate General of Immigration & Passports|Directorate General Immigration & Passports]], is prohibited.
*# Pakistani citizens living abroad more than three months, as per Pakistani Citizenship Rules 1952, must register their names annually in the nearest Pakistan Mission for contact in case of emergency. Change of address or leaving the country may also be reported to Pakistan Mission or Consulate. Birth of child must also be reported to the nearest Pakistan Mission to get support / guidance.

* The initial page of the Pakistani e-passport is composed of polycarbonate, housing the embedded contactless chip along with its antenna(s). On one side of this polycarbonate leaf, one will find The words "[[Government of Pakistan]]" (written in both: Urdu and English), the State Emblem of Pakistan and the passport note from the President of Pakistan (mentioned later). The other side of the polycarbonate leaf is the data page, which consists of:
** The text "Islamic Republic of Pakistan / {{lang|ur|اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان}}"
** The text "Passport / {{lang|ur|پاسپورٹ}}" written above the picture of the passport holder
** Photo of passport holder
** Type (either 'D', 'P,' or 'S')
** Country Code (PAK)
** Passport Number
** Surname
** Given Names
** Nationality (PAKISTANI)
** Date of Birth
** Citizenship Number
** Sex
** Place of Birth
** Father / Husband Name
** Religion
** Date of Issue
** Issuing Authority
** Picture of holder with words "PAK" written below
** Date of Expiry
** Booklet Number
** Tracking Number
** Previous Passport Number (if any)
** Machine-readable zone
* The second page (first paper page, numbered as "1") contains the note declaring that the passport is invalid for travel to Israel, right above the words "ANNOTATIONS". This page further contains the booklet number.
* Page number 2 is reserved for observations.
* Pages after the observation are for visa and entry/exit stamps.
* The concluding section of the passport includes details related to regulations and registration.

===Physical appearance of a Pakistani machine-readable passport===
* The opening cover end contains the following information:
** The text "ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN" on the top left corner
** The text "PASSPORT" on top of the passport holder's photo
** Photo of passport holder
** Type (either 'D', 'P,' or 'S')
** Country Code (PAK)
** Passport Number
** Surname
** Given Names
** Nationality (PAKISTANI)
** Date of Birth
** Citizenship Number
** Sex
** Place of Birth
** Father/Husband Name
** Date of Issue
** Issuing Authority
** Date of Expiry
** Tracking Number
** Booklet Number
** Machine-readable zone

* First page of a regular booklet contains:
** State Emblem of Pakistan
** Passport Note from the Ministry of Interior of Pakistan, in the name of President of Pakistan (mentioned later)
** Booklet number

* Second page is titled "ANNOTATIONS" on the top and contains the following information:
** Religion
** Previous passport number (if any)
** Signature of the passport holder
** A notation in both [[English language|English]] and [[Urdu]] indicating that the passport remains invalid in the absence of the holder's signature or thumb impression

* Third page declares that the passport is valid to travel to all countries of the world except Israel.
* Fourth and fifth pages are reserved for observations.
* Pages from sixth page and onward are for visa and entry/exit stamps.

* The information on the inside back cover of a Pakistani passport states in Urdu only:
** '''{{lang|ur|ضوابط}}'''
*** {{lang|ur|۱- یہ پاسپورٹ حکومت پاکستان کی ملکیت ہے - بیرونی ممالک میں رائج امیگریشن ضوابط کی پابندی ہر حامل پاسپورٹ پر لازم ہوگی جن ممالک میں داخلے کے لئے ویزا حاصل کرنا ضروری ہو وہاں جانے سے پہلے ویزا حاصل کرنا چاہیے ۔ ۳- منسوخ شده یا زائدالمیعاد پاسپورٹ دوسال تک لے پاسپورٹ کے ساتھ رکھنا چاہئے کیونکہ زرمبادلہ کے لئے درخواست دیتے وقت شخص متعلقہ کو اس کی ضرورت پڑے گی ۔ گر پاسپورٹ کم یا ضائع ہو جاۓ تو پولیس اور پاکستان کے پاسپورٹ جاری کرنے والے قریب ترین دفترمیں فورا اطلاع کرنی چاہئے ۔ بیرونی ممالک میں ایسی اطلاع قریب ترین پاکستانی سفارت خانہ یا قونصل خانہ کو دی جائے ۔ ۵ - پاسپورٹ میں تبدیلی یا اضافہ وغیرہ صرف مجاز عہد یدار کرسکتا ہے ۔ قانون کی رو سے ایسے اشخاص موجب سزا قرار دیئے جا سکتے ہیں جو پاسپورٹ میں کسی قسم کی تبدیلی یا ردو بدل کر میں نیز ایسے لوگ بھی سزا کے مستحق ہیں جن کے قبضے میں ناجائز طور پر ایسا پاسپورٹ ہو جو انھیں قانونی طورسے نہ دیا گیا ہو ۔ ملک سے بذریعہ ڈاک یا کسی اور طریقے سے پاسپورٹ کسی دوسرے ملک بھیجنا قانونا جرم ہے ۔}}
** '''{{lang|ur|رجسٹریشن}}'''
*** {{lang|ur|بیرونی ممالک میں تین ماہ سے زیادہ قیام کرنے والے پاکستانی شہریوں پر لازم ہے کہ وہ قواعد شہرت پاکستان ۱۹۵۲ ء کے تحت ہر سال اپنا نام قریب ترین پاکستانی سفارت خانہ یا قونصل خانہ میں رجسٹر کرا لیا کریں پتہ کی تبدیلی اور ملک سے روانگی کی اطلاع سفارت خانہ یا قونصل خانہ کو دینی ضروری ہے ۔ نیز یہ کہ اگر بیرون ملک پاکستانی شہری کے کوئی بچہ پیدا ہو تو اس کا نام بھی قریب ترین پاکستانی سفارت خانہ یا قونصل خانہ میں مندرجہ بالا قواعد کے تحت رجسٹر کرائیں تاکہ بوقت ضرورت انھیں سفارت خانہ کی امداد اور مشورہ حاصل ہوسکے ۔
}}
* English Translation (not present on the actual passport):
** '''Regulations:'''
*** This passport is owned by the Government of Pakistan.
*** Compliance with the existing immigration regulations in foreign countries will be mandatory on every passport holder. One must obtain a visa before entering the countries for which it is necessary to obtain a visa.
*** Revoked or overdue passport should be kept with the passport for up to two years as the person concerned will need it while applying for foreign exchange.
*** If the passport is lost or wasted, the police and the nearest Pakistani passport issuing office should be notified immediately. Such information should be given to the nearest Pakistani embassy or consulate in foreign countries.
*** Only authorized officer can change or add to the passport. According to the law, persons can be punished according to the change or alteration of their passport, as well as those who have a passport in their possession which is not given to them legally.
*** It is a criminal offence to send a passport from one country to another by mail or otherwise.
** '''Registration:'''
*** Pakistani citizens residing in foreign countries for more than three months are required to register their name at the nearest Pakistani embassy or consulate every year under the Pakistan Rules of Reputation 1952. Change of address and departure from the country information must be given to the embassy or consulate. Also, if any child of a Pakistani citizen is born abroad, his name should be registered in the nearest Pakistani embassy or consulate under the above rules so that he can get the help and advice of the embassy in case of need.

===Passport note===

Within Pakistani passports, there is a formal statement from the [[President of Pakistan]], directing the officials of all nations to recognize the bearer as a citizen of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. This statement also urges and obliges that the bearer be granted unhindered passage, assistance, and protection in times of need. The internal note found within Pakistani e-passports reads as follows:

{{cquote|'' The President of Islamic Republic of Pakistan requires and requests all those whom it may concern to allow the citizen of Pakistan named in this travel document to pass freely without delay or hindrance and to afford such assistance and protection as may be necessary''
}}

While the internal note found within Pakistani machine-readable passports reads as follows:

{{cquote|'' Ministry of Interior, Government of Pakistan requires & requests in the name of President of Islamic Republic of Pakistan all those to whom it may concern to allow the bearer to pass freely without let or hindrance and to afford the bearer such assistance and protection as may be necessary.''

::''Director General Immigration & Passports.''
}}

==Visa requirements==

{{Main article|Visa requirements for Pakistani citizens}}

[[Image:Visa requirements for Pakistani citizens.png|thumb|250px|right|Visa requirements for holders of regular Pakistani passports {{legend|#002377|Islamic Republic of Pakistan}}{{legend|#22b14c|Visa free access}}{{legend|greenyellow|Visa issued upon arrival}} {{legend|#61c09a|Electronic authorisation or [[eVisa]] required}}{{legend|#79D343|Visa available both on arrival or online}}{{legend|#C0C0C0|Visa required prior to arrival}}]]

{{As of|2024|7}}, [[Henley Passport Index]] ranks the Pakistani passport at 100th place, with visa-free or visa on arrival access to 34 nations and territories to Pakistani citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official Passport Index Ranking |url=https://www.henleyglobal.com/passport-index/ranking |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=Henley & Partners |language=en}}</ref> {{As of|2022|8}}, [[The Passport Index]] ranked the Pakistani passport 86th, with visa-free or visa on arrival access to 43 nations (based on visa-free or visa on arrival access to nations or territories).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Passport Power Rank 2022 {{!}} Passport Index 2022 |url=https://www.passportindex.org/byRank.php |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=Passport Index - Global Mobility Intelligence |language=en}}</ref> Pakistan was ranked 94th in passport strength, which is shared with Somalia. Below Pakistan were Syria (ranked 96) and Afghanistan (ranked 77). It remains one of the lowest-ranked passports in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistani passport remains fourth worst in the world |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/975182-pakistani-passport-remains-fourth-worst-in-world |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref>

== Issue delays ==
The Pakistani passport delay, ongoing since February 2024, has significantly impacted thousands of citizens worldwide. A combination of factors, including government funding delays for new passport printing machines, technical difficulties, and bureaucratic obstacles, has contributed to the backlog of over 800,000 passport applications. This delay has disrupted travel plans, hindered economic activities, and caused inconvenience for many Pakistanis, both domestically and abroad. In response, the government has implemented measures to clear the backlog, including expediting urgent passport applications and utilizing embassies to process cases more efficiently.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 August 2024 |title=Government struggles to deliver 500,000 passports, backlog persists amid growing delays |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2491722/government-struggles-to-deliver-500000-passports-backlog-persists-amid-growing-delays |website=tribune.com.pk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Junaidi |first=Ikram |date=28 July 2024 |title=Passport office asks FBR not to delay clearance of ink consignment |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1848443 |website=dawn.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=6 August 2024 |title=Delay in Pakistani passport issuance echoes in National Assembly |url=https://arynews.tv/pakistani-passport-delay-in-issuance-echoes-in-national-assembly/ |website=arynews.tv}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Pakistan|Politics}}
*[[CNIC (Pakistan)|Pakistani national identity card]]
*[[Visa requirements for Pakistani citizens]]
*[[Visa policy of Pakistan]]
*[[Pakistani nationality law]]
*[[Immigration to Pakistan]]
*[[List of passports]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/93178/peshawar-afghans-travel-on-fake-pakistani-passports|title=Afghans travel on fake Pakistani passports|work=Bureau report|publisher=[[Dawn News]]}}
*{{citeweb|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1781481|title=Panel to spot officials issuing 'fake passports' to Afghans|work=Iftikar Khan|publisher=[[Dawn News]]}}
* {{cite web|url=https://propakistani.pk/2022/09/16/gang-arrested-for-sending-afghans-abroad-on-fake-pakistani-passports/|title=Gang Arrested for Sending Afghans Abroad on Fake Pakistani Passports|work=Asma Sajid|publisher=Pro Pakistani}}
*{{citeweb|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2456352/fia-uncovers-fake-passport-id-scam|title=FIA uncovers fake passport, ID scam|publisher=[[Express Tribune]]}}
*{{citeweb|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2445292/fake-pakistani-passports-and-implications-for-national-security|title=Fake Pakistani passports and implications for national security|work=Dr Shazia Anwer Cheema|publisher=[[Express Tribune]]}}

==External links==

{{commons category|Passports of Pakistan}}
* {{official|https://dgip.gov.pk/files/passport.aspx|Official website of Pakistan Directorate General of Immigration & Passports}}
* {{Official|http://www.interior.gov.pk|Official website of Ministry of the Interior}}

{{Pakistan topics}}
{{Passports}}
{{Nationality laws}}
{{Tourism}}
{{Visa policy by country}}
{{Visa Requirements}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pakistani Passport}}
[[Category:Passports by country]]
[[Category:Foreign relations of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistan and the Commonwealth of Nations]]
[[Category:Pakistani nationality law]]

Kerala State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission

2025-12-23T19:22:47Z

RomanStrock4259: new a stub w/ refs.

{{Infobox high court
| court_name = Kerala State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
|| native_name =
| established = {{start date and age|1986}}
| location = Kerala State Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission, Chinmaya Mission Lane, Vazhuthacaud, Thiruvananthapuram-10.Office<ref name="ksdr ref1">{{cite web |title=PDS |url=https://civilsupplieskerala.gov.in/index.php/content/index/cdrc |website=civilsupplieskerala.gov.in |access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref>
| appeals =
| terms = 3 years from the date of entering office or up to 65 years of [[Ageing|age]] (whichever is earlier)
| website = https://civilsupplieskerala.gov.in/index.php/content/index/cdrc
| chiefjudgetitle = President, Kerala State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
| chiefjudgename = Hon'ble Justice P.Q. Barkathali
| chiefjudgetitle2 =
| chiefjudgename2 =
}}

'''Kerala State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission''' is an [[autonomous]], [[statutory]] and [[constitution]]al institution formed as a [[Quasi-judicial body|quasi judicial]] body in [[Kerala]] under Section 24-B of the [[Consumer Protection Act, 1986]] to protect the rights of [[consumer]]s. It is a system of [[Alternative dispute resolution|alternate dispute resolution]] between conflicting parties during the process of [[trade]]. The president of the States Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission is appointed by the [[State governments of India|state government]] in consultation with the [[Chief justice|Chief Justice]] of state [[High courts of India|high court]].

== History and objective ==

Kerala State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission was formed to promote and protect the rights of consumers as per the Consumer Protection Act 1986.<ref name="scd ref17">{{cite news |title=Consumer Protection Act, 2019: Meaning and Key Features |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/meaning-and-features-of-consumer-protection-act-2019-1578557665-1 |access-date=29 January 2022 |publisher=Jagranjosh |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="scd ref15">{{cite news |title=Consumer commission vacancies: SC warns of imposing exemplary costs on state govts for non-compliance {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/consumer-commission-vacancies-sc-warns-of-imposing-exemplary-costs-on-state-govts-for-non-compliance/articleshow/87631508.cms |access-date=28 January 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=10 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="scd ref8">{{cite news |title=No chambers or even staff washrooms — bleak state of India's consumer courts reaches SC |url=https://theprint.in/judiciary/no-chambers-or-even-staff-washrooms-bleak-state-of-indias-consumer-courts-reaches-sc/780705/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=ThePrint |date=14 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref5">{{cite news |title=Consumer cases in district levels drop 26% in 2020 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/consumer-cases-in-district-levels-drop-26-in-2020/article37902841.ece |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=thehindubusinessline.com |date=8 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

Kerala State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission is the first commission in the country to initiate redressal of collaborative practices online. Under this system parties in the dispute by themselves or through their counsel through a call express their interest for their case to be part of Eadalat to the court Master.<ref name="ksdr ref2">{{cite news |last1=Anilkumar |first1=B. S. |title=Kerala: Consumer commission turns tech savvy, goes online {{!}} Thiruvananthapuram News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/consumer-commission-turns-tech-savvy-goes-online/articleshow/85221651.cms |access-date=28 February 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=11 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Composition ==

Following shall be the composition of Kerala State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission:<ref name="scd ref3">{{cite news |title=The Role Of Consumer Dispute Redressal Agencies - Academike |url=https://www.lawctopus.com/academike/consumer-dispute-redrsal-agencies/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=lawctopus.com |date=14 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="scd ref9">{{cite news |title=Consumer Protection Act and Medical Profession - Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies |url=https://www.medindia.net/indian_health_act/consumer_protection_act_and_medical_profession_consumer_disputes_redressal_agencies.htm |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=medindia.net}}</ref>

# President and
# Not less than two members and not more than that presribed in State Act.

President will be appointed by state Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of state High Court. The eligibility for president is that he should be serving or served as Judge in any High Court. Members should be of 1. Not less than 35 years of age and 2. recognised university bachelor degree 3. With good ability, integrity and standing and with proficient experience of 10 years and expertise knowledge in subjects of [[accountancy]], [[law]], [[commerce]], [[economics]], industry, administration and public affairs and problem solving ability in same.

Also not more than fifty percent of members of committee should be from judicial background.

Hon'ble Justice P.Q. Barkathali is the President of Kerala State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.<ref name="ksdr ref4">{{cite news |title=Canara Bank puts man in defaulters' list, forced to pay Rs 5 lakh damages |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/210317/canara-bank-puts-man-in-defaulters-list-forced-to-pay-rs-5-lakh-damages.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=21 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

== Levels and jurisdiction ==

Kerala State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission was formed for promoting and protecting the rights of consumers through three levels with the below mentioned jurisdiction:<ref name="scd ref2">{{cite news |title=Government notifies new rules for consumer commissions; national body's jurisdiction enhanced |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/government-notifies-new-rules-for-consumer-commissions-national-bodys-jurisdiction-enhanced/articleshow/88596171.cms |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=30 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref1">{{cite news |title=District Consumer Forum is now District Commission; will hear cases of value up to ₹1 crore |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/district-consumer-forum-is-now-district-commission-will-hear-cases-of-value-up-to-1-crore/story-13pfET9A7TCnpHPkchnZ1O.html |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=16 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="scd ref6">{{cite news |title=NCDRC's ambit widened for faster disposal of plaints {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ncdrcs-ambit-widened-for-faster-disposal-of-plaints/articleshow/88603193.cms |access-date=27 January 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=31 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="scd ref10">{{cite news |title=Central govt notifies new rules for enhancing consumer protection |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/central-govt-notifies-new-rules-for-enhancing-consumer-protection-121123100116_1.html |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Business Standard India |date=31 December 2021}}</ref>
* '''District Commission''' (earlier referred to as '''District Forum''') can accept complaints from consumer if the value of goods or services is up to ₹1 crore (Earlier limit was ₹20 lakh).
* '''State Commission''' can accept complaints from consumer if the value of goods or services is more than ₹1 crore but less than ₹10 crores ( earlier limit was between ₹20 lakh and ₹1 crore).<ref name="ksdr ref3">{{cite news |title=Milk coop society to pay for farmer's dead cow |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/130818/milk-coop-society-to-pay-for-farmers-dead-cow.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=13 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ksdr ref4" /><ref name="ksdr ref5">{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Rakesh |title=Thiruvananthapuram: Car dealer ordered to refund token advance |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/120617/thiruvananthapuram-car-dealer-ordered-to-refund-token-advance.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=12 June 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''National Commission''' can accept complaints from consumer if the value of goods or services is more than 10 crores.

== Filing complaints ==
{{main|E-Daakhil}}

Kerala State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission laid down below process of filing and resolving complaints:<ref name="scd ref11">{{cite news |title=New rules for consumer commissions: Government issues notification - All you need to know |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-new-rules-for-consumer-commissions-government-issues-notification-all-you-need-to-know-174930 |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Zee Business |date=30 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref4">{{cite news |title=The State Commission, Under Consumer Protection Act |url=https://www.legalserviceindia.com/articles/stco.htm |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=legalserviceindia.com}}</ref><ref name="scd ref14">{{cite news |title=Be it defective saree or tawa, consumers getting speedy justice via e-Daakhil: CCPA |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/be-it-defective-saree-or-tawa-consumers-getting-speedy-justice-via-e-daakhil-ccpa/articleshow/87926927.cms |access-date=28 January 2022 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=26 November 2021}}</ref>

Complaints can be filed electronically and examination of disputing parties is done through video-conferencing, which includes hearing and/or examination through any other mode. The time period for resolving dispute in case the complaint does not require analysis and testing of product quality is 3 months from the date of receipt of notice by the opposite party. However, if the complaint requires analysis or testing of product quality the time limit for resolving dispute is within 5 months. Complaints can be filed using [[E-Daakhil]] portal.

== Penalties and imprisonment ==
* Manufacturers and Service providers are made punishable as a criminal offence for giving misleading information or for wrong advertisement of product.
* Punishment may include fine of Rs 10 lakhs or imprisonment for 2 years or both.

== Investigative agency ==
* Violation of consumer rights or unfair trade practices is investigated by the Investigation wing headed by Director-General level position in [[Central Consumer Protection Authority]] (CCPA).

==Important terms==

Following are the important terms in Kerala State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission:<ref name="scd ref7">{{cite news |title=Changes in India's Consumer Protection Act 2019 |url=https://www.lawyer-monthly.com/2020/01/changes-in-indias-consumer-protection-act-2019/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Lawyer Monthly {{!}} Legal News Magazine |date=31 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="scd ref13">{{cite news |title=State Commission Under Consumer Protection Act - Composition and Powers {{!}} Law column |url=https://www.lawcolumn.in/state-commission-under-consumer-protection-act-composition-and-powers/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=lawcolumn.in |date=20 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref16">{{cite news |title=National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission - NCDRC |url=https://www.legalserviceindia.com/calendars-causelists/NCDRC.htm |access-date=29 January 2022 |publisher=legalserviceindia.com}}</ref>
* As per the act "Goods" means anything purchased by consumers either in retail or wholesale from retailers or wholesalers. They can either be produced or manufactured.
* As per the act "services" means those which are in the form of "[[transport]], [[telephone]], [[electricity]], [[housing]], [[banking]], [[insurance]], [[medical treatment]] etc".
* As per the act consumer means " any person who buys any goods or hires or avails any services for a consideration which has already been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised or under any system of deferred payment".
* Person includes anyone buying goods, either through online system or direct or offline, by way of teleshopping, or through mode of electronic includes direct selling or in a [[multi-level marketing]].
* Consumer does not include person buying or availing goods or services for resale or for any other commercial purpose.
* For the purpose of commission the terms are referred in [[Consumer Protection Act, 2019|Consumer Protection Act'2019]].

== Challenges ==
* The district, state and national level commissions face challenges of understaffing or non fulfillment of vacancies in time.<ref name="scd ref12">{{cite news |title=4 of 28 state consumer bodies at full strength, SC told, court says 'completely unacceptable' |url=https://theprint.in/judiciary/only-4-of-28-state-consumer-bodies-at-full-strength-sc-says-completely-unacceptable/714835/ |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=ThePrint |date=16 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="scd ref5" /><ref name="scd ref18">{{cite journal |title=THREE TIER MECHANISM OF CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR FUNCTIONING |journal=ResearchGate |date=2017 |volume=4 |issue=4 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349412457 |access-date=31 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* The report prepared by senior advocate on the directions of [[Supreme Court of India]] found out many shortcomings in the offices of district and state consumer redressal bodies in many states of India. These include absence of storage rooms for case files, lack of member chambers for convenience of members hearing complaints, non availability of court rooms and washrooms in selective cases.<ref name="scd ref8" />

== See also ==
* [[Department of Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs|Department of Consumer Affairs (Kerala)]]
* [[National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission]]
* [[Odisha State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission|Odisha State Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission]]
* [[Andhra Pradesh State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://civilsupplieskerala.gov.in/index.php/content/index/cdrc Official Website]


[[Category:Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions of India]]

Bhargavaram Viththal Varerkar

2025-12-22T21:59:35Z

RomanStrock4259: further corrected details for accuracy as per guidelines

#REDIRECT [[Mama Warerkar]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Nahapana

2025-12-05T01:16:00Z

RomanStrock4259: added new article!

{{Short description|2nd century Western Satrap ruler}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Nahapana
| title = [[Western Satrap]]
| image = Silver coin of Nahapana British Museum.jpg
| caption = Silver coin of Nahapana, with ruler profile and pseudo-Greek legend "ΡΑΝΝΙΩ ΞΑΗΑΡΑΤΑϹ ΝΑΗΑΠΑΝΑϹ", transliteration of the [[Prakrit]] "Raño Kshaharatasa Nahapanasa" (or "King Kshaharata Nahapana"). [[British Museum]].<ref name="Cribb">{{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=Joe |title=Indian Ocean In Antiquity |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136155314 |page=310 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PtzWAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA310 |language=en}}</ref>
| reign = 1st century – 78
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor = [[Bhumaka]]
| successor = [[Chastana]]
| death_date =
| spouse =
| issue =
| royal house =
| dynasty =
| father = [[Bhumaka]]
| mother = |
}}
[[File:RANNIO KSAHARATA on Nahapana coinage.jpg|thumb|The [[Greek script|Greco]]-[[Prakrit]] title "RANNIO KSAHARATA" ("ΡΑΝΝΙ<big>ω</big> ΞΑΗΑΡΑΤΑ(Ϲ)", Prakrit for "King Kshaharata" rendered in corrupted Greek letters) on the obverse of the coinage of Nahapana.<ref name="Cribb"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Alpers |first1=Edward A. |last2=Goswami |first2=Chhaya |title=Transregional Trade and Traders: Situating Gujarat in the Indian Ocean from Early Times to 1900 |date=2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199096138 |page=99 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2lyNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT99 |language=en}}</ref>]]
[[File:Nahapana Brahmi and Kharoshthi legends on his coinage.jpg|thumb|Nahapana Brahmi and Kharoshthi legends on his coinage "RAJNO KSHAHARATASA NAHAPANASA "Of the [[Rajah]] Nahapana, the Kshaharata".<ref>{{cite book |title=Seaby's Coin and Medal Bulletin: July 1980 |date=1980 |publisher=Seaby Publications Ltd. |page=[https://archive.org/details/seabyscoinmedalb1980base_r0l5/page/219 219] |url=https://archive.org/details/seabyscoinmedalb1980base_r0l5}}</ref><ref name="Rapson">{{cite book |last=Rapson |first=E. J. |author-link=E. J. Rapson |date=1908 |title=Catalogue of the Coins of the Andhra Dynasty, the Western Kṣatrapas, the Traikūṭaka Dynasty, and the "Bodhi" Dynasty |url=https://archive.org/details/catalogueofcoins00brit |location=London |publisher=[[Longman|Longman & Co]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/catalogueofcoins00brit/page/64 65]-[https://archive.org/details/catalogueofcoins00brit/page/66/mode/2up 67] |isbn=978-1-332-41465-9 }}</ref>]]
'''Nahapana''' ([[Ancient Greek]]: {{lang|grc|{{script|Grek|[[wiktionary:Ναηαπάνα|Ναηαπάνα]]}}}} {{Transliteration|grc|Nahapána}}; [[Kharosthi]]: '''{{lang|pgd|[[wiktionary:𐨣𐨱𐨤𐨣|𐨣𐨱𐨤𐨣]]}}''' {{Transliteration|pgd|Na-ha-pa-na}}, {{Transliteration|pgd|Nahapana}};<ref name="Rapson"/> [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]]: [[File:Gupta ashoka n.svg|12px]][[File:Gupta ashoka h.svg|15px]][[File:Gupta ashoka paa.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta ashoka n.svg|12px]] {{Transliteration|pra|Na-ha-pā-na}}, {{Transliteration|pra|Nahapāna}};<ref name="Rapson"/>), was a member of [[Western Satraps|Kshaharata dynasty]] in northwestern India, who ruled during the 1st or 2nd century CE. According to one of his coins, he was the son of [[Bhumaka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nahapana {{!}} Shaka ruler {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nahapana |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Name ==
Nahapana's name appears on his coins in the Kharosthi form {{Transliteration|pgd|Nahapana}} ({{lang|pgd|[[wiktionary:𐨣𐨱𐨤𐨣|𐨣𐨱𐨤𐨣]]}}), the Brahmi form {{Transliteration|pra|Nahapāna}} ([[File:Gupta ashoka n.svg|12px]][[File:Gupta ashoka h.svg|15px]][[File:Gupta ashoka paa.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta ashoka n.svg|12px]]), and the [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] form {{Transliteration|grc|Nahapána}} ({{lang|grc|{{script|Grek|[[wiktionary:Ναηαπάνα|Ναηαπάνα]]}}}}),<ref name="Rapson"/> which are derived from the [[Saka language|Saka]] name {{lang|xsc|*Nāhapānä}}, which means "protector of the clan".<ref>{{cite book |last=Harmatta |first=János |author-link=János Harmatta |editor-last1=Harmatta |editor-first1=János |editor-link1=János Harmatta |editor-last2=Puri |editor-first2=B. N. |editor-link2=Baij Nath Puri |editor-last3=Etemadi |editor-first3=G. F. |date=1999 |chapter=Languages and scripts in Graeco-Bactria and the Saka Kingdoms |title=History of civilizations of Central Asia |volume=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DguGWP0vGY8C |location=Delhi |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass|Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House]] |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9U6RlVVjpakC&pg=PA413 413] |isbn=978-8-120-81408-0}}</ref>

== Period ==

The exact period of Nahapana is uncertain. A group of his inscriptions are dated to the years 41-46 of an unspecified era. Assuming that this era is the [[Shaka era]] (which starts in 78 CE), some scholars have assigned his reign to 119-124 CE.<ref>{{cite book |title=Buddhist Reliquaries from Ancient India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_TrrAAAAMAAJ |year=2000 |publisher=British Museum Press |isbn=978-0-7141-1492-7 |page=42 }}</ref> Some scholars argue that his reign lasted from 41 to 46 and assign his rule to a different period. For example, Krishna Chandra Sagar assigns his reign to 24-70 CE,<ref>{{cite book |author=Krishna Chandra Sagar |title=Foreign Influence on Ancient India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0UA4rkm9MgkC&pg=PA133 |year=1992 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-028-4 |page=133 }}</ref> while R.C.C. Fynes dates it to {{Circa|66}}-71 CE,{{sfn|R.C.C. Fynes|1995|p=44}} and Shailendra Bhandare regards 78 CE as the last year of his reign.<ref>Bhandare, Shailendra, (1999). Historical Analysis, pp. 168-178; Shimada, Akira, (2012). Early Buddhist Architecture in Context: The Great Stupa at Amaravati (ca 300 BCE - 300 CE), Brill, p. 51.</ref>

== Reign ==
The ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' mentions one Nambanus as the ruler of the area around [[Barigaza]]. This person has been identified as Nahapana by modern scholars. The text describes Nambanus as follows:<ref>"The mention of 'Nambanus' whom the scholars have identified as Nahapana in the Periplus of the Erythrean Sea would help us to solve the problem of Nahapana's time.", in [http://igmlnet.uohyd.ernet.in:8000/gw_44_5/hi-res/hcu_images/G2.pdf "History of the Andhras"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313210732/http://igmlnet.uohyd.ernet.in:8000/gw_44_5/hi-res/hcu_images/G2.pdf |date=13 March 2007 }}</ref>

{{Cquote|Beyond the [[Gulf of Kutch|gulf of Baraca]] is that of [[Bharuch|Barygaza]] and the coast of the country of [[Ariaca]], which is the beginning of the Kingdom of Nambanus and of all India. That part of it lying inland and adjoining Scythia is called [[Abiria]], but the coast is called [[Syrastrene]]. It is a fertile country, yielding wheat and rice and [[sesame]] oil and clarified butter, cotton and the Indian cloths made therefrom, of the coarser sorts. Very many cattle are pastured there, and the men are of great stature and black in color. The metropolis of this country is [[Minnagara]], from which much cotton cloth is brought down to Barygaza.|author=Periplus 41<ref>quoted in {{cite web|title=The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/periplus.html|publisher=[[Fordham University]]|access-date=11 May 2013}}</ref>|}}

He also established the Kshatrapa coinage, in a style derived from [[Indo-Greek]] coinage. The obverse of the coins consists of the profile of the ruler, within a legend in Greek. The reverse represents a thunderbolt and an arrow, within [[Brāhmī script|Brahmi]] and [[Kharoshthi]] legends.

Nahapana is mentioned as a donator in inscriptions of numerous Buddhist caves in northern India. The Nasik and Karle inscriptions refer to Nahapana's dynastic name (Kshaharata, for "Kshatrapa") but not to his ethnicity (Saka-Pahlava), which is known from other sources.<ref>{{cite book|last=Prasad|first=Durga|title=History of the Andrhas: Up to 1565 AD|publisher=P. G. Publishers|url=http://www.katragadda.com/articles/HistoryOfTheAndhras.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424131701/http://www.katragadda.com/articles/HistoryOfTheAndhras.pdf|archive-date=24 April 2015}}</ref>

Nahapana had a son-in-law named Ushavadata (Sanskrit: [[Rishabhadatta]]), whose inscriptions were incised in the [[Pandavleni Caves]] near [[Nasik]]. Ushavadata was son of Dinika and had married Dakshamitra, daughter of Nahapana. According to the inscriptions, Ushavadata accomplished various charities and conquests on behalf of his father-in-law. He constructed rest-houses, gardens and tanks at Bharukachchha ([[Bharuch]]), Dashapura ([[Mandasor]] in [[Malva]]), [[Govardhan Hill|Govardhana]] (near [[Nasik]]) and Shorparaga ([[Sopara]] in the [[Thane|Thana]] district). He also campaigned in the north under the orders of Nahapana to rescue the [[Uttamabhadras]] who had been attacked by the Malayas ([[Malavas]]). He excavated a cave (one of the [[Pandavleni Caves]]) in the Trirashmi hill near Nasik and offered it to the Buddhist monks.<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/nasik/005%20History/001%20AncientPeriod.htm Maharastra.gov.in Ancient Period] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303103634/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/nasik/005%20History/001%20AncientPeriod.htm |date=3 March 2007 }}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
File:Nahapana coin hoard.jpg|Nahapana coin hoard.
File:I86 drachme Nahapana MACW2682 1ar (8501310554).jpg|A silver drachma of Nahapana. '''Obv:''' Bust of the king crowned with a diadem on the right. Legend in Greek: ΡΑΝΝΙ (ω ΙΑΗΑΡΑΤΑϹ) ΝΑΗΑΠΑ (ΝΑϹ)
File:Nahapana.jpg|A silver drachma of Nahapana. '''Rev:''' An arrow to the left and a lightning to the right. Legend in kharoshthi on the left: Rano Chaharatasa Nahapanasa. Brahmi legend on the right: Rajna Kshaha (ratasa Nahapanasa).
</gallery>

=== Defeat by Gautamiputra Satakarni ===
[[File:Gautamiputra Sri Satakarni overstruck on a coin of Nahapana.jpg|thumb|A coin of Nahapana restruck by the [[Satavahana]] king [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]]. Nahapana's profile and coin legend are still clearly visible.]]
Overstrikes of Nahapana's coins by the powerful [[Satavahana]] king [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]] have been found in a hoard at Jogalthambi, [[Nashik]] District.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Upinder |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=9788131711200 |page=383 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA383 |language=en}}</ref> This suggests that Gautamiputra defeated Nahapana.{{sfn|R.C.C. Fynes|1995|p=44}}The Nasik Cave No.3, inscription No.2 insription notes that Nahapana's [[Western Satraps|'Khakharata]] race' was rooted out, which means all his possible heirs might have been killed.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}

Earlier scholars such as [[James Burgess (archaeologist)|James Burgess]] have pointed out that Gautamiputra Satakarni and Nahapana were not necessarily contemporaries, since Satakarni mentions that the areas conquered by him were ruled by Ushavadata, rather than Nahapana. According to Burgess, there might have been an interval of as much as a century between the reigns of these two kings.<ref>{{cite book |last=Burgess |first=James |title=The Cave Temples of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVXa9JyxOw4C&pg=PA266 |year=1880 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-05552-9 |pages=266–268 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Chattopadhyaya |first=Sudhakar |title=Some Early Dynasties of South India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78I5lDHU2jQC&pg=PA77 |year=1974 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-2941-1 |page=77 }}</ref> However, most historians now agree that Gautamiputra and Nahapana were contemporaries, and that Gautamiputra defeated Nahapana.{{sfn|M. K. Dhavalikar|1996|p=135}} [[M. K. Dhavalikar]] dates this event to c. 124 CE, which according to him, was the 18th regnal year of Gautamiputra.{{sfn|M. K. Dhavalikar|1996|p=135}} R.C.C. Fynes dates the event to sometime after 71 CE,{{sfn|R.C.C. Fynes|1995|p=44}} in the same line, Shailendra Bhandare places the victory of Gautamiputra and the end of Nahapana's reign to the start of Saka era, 78 CE, in the year of [[Chashtana]]'s ascension to the throne,<ref>Bhandare, Shailendra, (1999). Historical Analysis, pp. 168-178; Shimada, Akira, (2012). Early Buddhist Architecture in Context: The Great Stupa at Amaravati (ca 300 BCE - 300 CE), Brill, p.51.</ref> and considers Gautamiputra's whole reign to ca. 60-85 CE.<ref>Bhandare, Shailendra, (1999). Historical Analysis, pp. 168-178</ref>

Nahapana was founder of one of the two major Saka Satrap dynasties in north-western India, the ''Kshaharatas'' ("Satraps"); the other dynasty included the one founded by [[Chashtana]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISFBJarYX7YC&pg=PA375 |title=Students' Britannica India |volume=4 |year=2000 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |page=375 |isbn=9780852297605 }}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
File:Gautamiputra Yajna Satakarni over Nahapana.jpg|Coin of [[Gautamiputra Yajna Satakarni]] struck over a drachm of Nahapana. Circa 167-196 CE. [[Ujjain]] symbol and three arched mountain symbol struck respectively on the obverse and reverse of a drachm of Nahapana.
File:Coinage_of_Gautamiputra_Satakarni_with_Brahmi_legend.jpg|Regular design of the coinage of [[Gautamiputra Yajna Satakarni]], which was struck over the coinage of Nahapana
</gallery>'''Initiation as a Jain monk'''

The Avasyaka Niryukti, the Curnisūtra and the Śrutavatāra of Bibudha Sridhara provide an account of the final days of the Saka chief, Nahapna. According to the last text, Nahapana abdicated the throne and was initiated to Jain asceticism by Jainācārya Arhadbali and he was named Bhutabali.<ref>{{Cite web |last=JaineLibrary |first=Anish Visaria |title=Search, Seek, and Discover Jain Literature. |url=https://jainqq.org/booktext/Jinamanjari_1999_09_No_20/524020 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=JaineLibrary |first=Anish Visaria |title=Search, Seek, and Discover Jain Literature. |url=https://jainqq.org/booktext/Introduction_to_Jainism_and_its_Culture_Romanized/001605 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref> The monk Bhutabali along with the monk Pushpadant would go on to write the '''''Ṣaṭkhaṇḍāgama''''' which is the foremost and oldest [[Digambara|Digambara Jain]] sacred text.<ref>{{Cite web |last=JHC |date=2021-06-14 |title=Shruta Panchami |url=https://www.jainheritagecentres.com/jainism/jain-festivals/shruta-panchami/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Jain Heritage Centres |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=JaineLibrary |first=Anish Visaria |title=Search, Seek, and Discover Jain Literature. |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/002281/31 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref>

===Construction and dedication of Buddhist caves===
[[File:Karla chaitya stupa.JPG|thumb|The [[Chaitya]] cave complex at [[Karla Caves]] was built and dedicated by Nahapana in 120 CE.<ref name="WH"/>]]
The Western Satraps are known for the construction and dedication of numerous Buddhist caves in Central India, particularly in the areas of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]].<ref name="WH"/><ref name="FI">Foreign Influence on Ancient India, Krishna Chandra Sagar, Northern Book Centre, 1992 [https://books.google.com/books?id=0UA4rkm9MgkC&pg=PA150 p.150]</ref>

====Karla caves====
{{main|Karla Caves}}
In particular, the [[chaitya]] cave complex of the [[Karla Caves]], the largest in South Asia, was constructed and dedicated in 120 CE by Nahapana, according to several inscriptions in the cave.<ref name="WH">World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India, Volume 1 ʻAlī Jāvīd, Tabassum Javeed, Algora Publishing, 2008 [https://books.google.com/books?id=fg-lGID3WpQC&pg=PA42 p.42]</ref><ref name="SA">Southern India: A Guide to Monuments Sites & Museums, by George Michell, Roli Books Private Limited, 1 mai 2013 [https://books.google.com/books?id=GdBbBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT72 p.72]</ref><ref name="GM">"This hall is assigned to the brief period of [[Kshatrapas]] rule in the western Deccan during the 1st century." in Guide to Monuments of India 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu - by George Michell, Philip H. Davies, Viking - 1989 Page 374</ref>

An important inscription relates to Nahapana in the Great Chaitya at [[Karla Caves]] (Valukura is thought to be an ancient name for Karla Caves):

{{blockquote|Success!! By [[Usabhadata]], the son of Dinaka and the son-in-law of the king, the Khaharata, the Kshatrapa Nahapana, who gave three hundred thousand cows, who made gifts of gold and a [[Tirtha (Hinduism)|tirtha]] on the river Banasa, who gave to the Devas and [[Brahmin|Bramhanas]] sixteen villages, who at the pure tirtha Prabhasa gave eight wives to the Brahmanas, and who also fed annually a hundred thousand Brahmanas- there has been given the village of Karajika for the support of the ascetics living in the caves at [[Karla Caves|Valuraka]] without any distinction of sect or origin, for all who would keep the varsha.|Inscription of Nahapana, Karla Caves.<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Senart |author-first=E. |author-link=Émile Senart |editor-last=Hultzsch |editor-first=E. |editor-link=E. Hultzsch |date=1902–1903 |title=Epigraphia Indica |volume=7 |url=https://archive.org/details/epigraphiaindica014351mbp/page/n5/mode/2up |location=Kolkata |publisher=Government of India Central Printing Office |page=[https://archive.org/details/epigraphiaindica014351mbp/page/n75/mode/2up 58] |isbn= }}</ref>}}

{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=500|caption_align=center
| align = center
| direction =horizontal
| header=Nahapana inscription
| image1 = Nahapana inscription at Karla caves.jpg
| image2 = Karla Chaitya inscription of Nahapana (right lintel of the main entrance).jpg
| footer=Great Chaitya inscription 13 of Nahapana, at the right of the main entrance.
}}

====Nahapana vihara at Nasik====
Parts of the [[Nasik Caves]] also were carved during the time of Nahapana,<ref name="FI"/> and the [[Junnar]] caves also have inscriptions of Nahapana,<ref>Buddhist Critical Spirituality: Prajñā and Śūnyatā, by Shōhei Ichimura [https://books.google.com/books?id=xTW6XNxOxbkC&pg=PA40 p.40]</ref> as well as the [[Manmodi Caves]].{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;"
|-
! Cave No.10 "Nahapana Vihara" at the [[Nasik Caves]]
|-
|{{blockquote|[[File:Inscription_No.10_Cave_No.10_Nasik_caves_(longitudinal).jpg|thumb|right]]"Success ! [[Ushavadata]], son of Dinika, son-in- law of king Nahapana, the Kshaharata Kshatrapa, (...) inspired by (true) religion, in the Trirasmi hills at [[Govardhan Hill|Govardhana]], has caused this cave to be made and these cisterns...."|Part of [[Nasik inscription of Ushavadata|inscription No.10 of Nahapana]], Cave No.10, Nasik<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Senart |author-first=E. |author-link=Émile Senart |editor-last=Hultzsch |editor-first=R. |editor-link=E. Hultzsch |date=1906 |title=Epigraphia Indica |volume=8 |url=https://archive.org/details/EpigraphiaIndica/Epigraphia_Indica |location=Kolkata |publisher=Government of India Central Printing Office |page=[https://archive.org/details/EpigraphiaIndica/page/n101/mode/2up 78]-[https://archive.org/details/EpigraphiaIndica/page/n101/mode/2up 79] |isbn=978-1-246-36021-9 }}</ref>}}
|-
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:036 Cave 10, Front (33928302236).jpg|Front
037 Cave 10, Verandah (33125843084).jpg|Veranda
038 Cave 10, Interior (33928438936).jpg|Interior
039 Cave 10, Chaitya and Umbrellas (33928437976).jpg|Chaitya and Umbrellas
</gallery>
|}

====Nahapana cave in Junnar====
In a Buddhist cave of the Bhimasankar group of the [[Manmodi Caves]] in [[Junnar]], there is an inscription in three lines, of which, however, the first letters are obliterated; still it is possible make out that it was [constructed by] "Ayama, the minister of Mahakshatrapa Svami Nahapana."<ref name="Fergusson 258">{{cite book |last1=Fergusson |first1=James |last2=Burgess |first2=James |title=The cave temples of India |date=1880 |publisher=London : Allen |page=[https://archive.org/details/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft/page/260/mode/2up 261] |url=https://archive.org/stream/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft}}</ref> This inscription bears a [[Saka era]] date of year 46, which is 124 CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mirashi |first1=Vasudev Vishnu |title=The history and inscriptions of the Sātavāhanas and the Western Kshatrapas |date=1981 |publisher=Maharashtra State Board for Literature and Culture |page=113 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vwpuAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref> The inscription is located in the fourth excavation on the eastern side of Manmodi Hill, in Cave 7.<ref>{{cite book |title=Archaeological Survey of Western India |date=1879 |publisher=Government Central Press |url=https://archive.org/details/archaeologicals01indigoog |language=en}}</ref> It reads:<ref name="Burgess" />

{{blockquote|[[File:Manmodi_Bhimasankar_inscription_of_Nahapana.jpg|thumb|right]][Raño]jmahākhatapasa sāminahapānasa 
[Ā]mātyasa Vachhasagotasa Ayamasa 
[de]yadhama cha [po?] ḍhi maṭapo cha puñathaya vase 46 kato<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burgess |first1=Jas |title=Archaeological Survey Of Western India |date=1883 |page=[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.35775#page/n61 Plate LIV No.11 (Junnar No.32)] |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.35775 }}</ref><ref name="Burgess" /> 
"The meritorious gift of a [[mandapa]] and cistern by Ayama of the Vatsa-gotra, 
Prime Minister to the king, the great Satrap, the Lord Nahapana, made for merit, in the year 46."
| Inscription of Nahapana, Manmodi Caves.<ref name="Burgess">{{cite book |last1=Burgess |first1=Jas |title=Archaeological Survey Of Western India |date=1883 |page=[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.35775#page/n181 103] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35775 }}</ref>}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |author=M. K. Dhavalikar |author-link=Madhukar Keshav Dhavalikar |title=Sātavāhana Chronology: A Re-examination |journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute |volume=77 |issue=1/4 |year=1996 |pages=133–140 |jstor=41702166 }}
* {{cite journal |author=R.C.C. Fynes |title=The Religious Patronage of the Satavahana Dynasty |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=11 |issue=1 |year=1995 |pages= 43–50 |doi=10.1080/02666030.1995.9628494 }}
*R.C. Senior "Indo-Scythian coins and history" Vol IV, {{ISBN|0-9709268-6-3}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.katragadda.com/articles/HistoryOfTheAndhras.pdf], by Durga Prasad, with numerous references to Nahapana.
*[http://www.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=70881&AucID=75&Lot=1669 Coins of Nahapana]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051224062028/http://www.grifterrec.com/coins/india/ancientindia3.html More coins of Nahapana]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070204190722/http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/0100_0199/nahapanacoins/nahapanacoins.html Coins with biography]
{{Indo-Scythians}}
{{Western Satraps}}

[[Category:Western Satraps]]
[[Category:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]
[[Category:2nd-century Indian monarchs]]

Nu Delhi

2025-12-03T15:33:28Z

RomanStrock4259:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Nu Delhi
| type = studio
| artist = [[Bloodywood]]
| cover = Nu Delhi.jpg
| alt =
| released = 21 March 2025
| recorded =
| studio =
| genre =  {{hlist|[[Nu metal]]<ref name="IMBloodywood">{{cite web | url=https://im-musicmagazine.com/f/album-review-bloodywood-nu-delhi/ | title=Album Review: Bloodywood – Nu Delhi | website=IM Music Magazine | access-date=2025-12-03 }}</ref><ref name="BlabbermouthNuDelhi">{{cite web | url=https://blabbermouth.net/reviews/nu-delhi | title=NU-DELHI Review | website=Blabbermouth.net | access-date=2025-12-03 }}</ref><ref name="SoundboardBloodywood">{{cite web | url=https://thesoundboardreviews.com/2025/03/18/album-review-bloodywood-nu-delhi/ | title=Album Review: Bloodywood – Nu Delhi | website=The Soundboard Reviews | access-date=2025-12-03 }}</ref>
|[[Indian folk music]]<ref name="IMBloodywood"></ref>|[[folk metal]]<ref name="DistortedSoundBloodywood">{{cite web | url=https://distortedsoundmag.com/album-review-nu-delhi-bloodywood/ | title=Album Review: Nu Delhi – Bloodywood | website=Distorted Sound Magazine | access-date=2025-12-03 }}</ref>
}}
| length = 33:07
| language = {{flatlist|
* English
* [[Hindi]]
* Japanese
}}
| label = [[Fearless Records|Fearless]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Rakshak (album)|Rakshak]]
| prev_year = 2022
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Nu Delhi
| type = studio
| single1 = Nu Delhi
| single1date = 18 September 2024
| single2 = Bekhauf
| single2date = 6 December 2024
| single3 = Tadka
| single3date = 31 January 2025
}}
}}
'''''Nu Delhi''''' is the second studio album by the Indian [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] band [[Bloodywood]]. It was released on 21 March 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deaux |first=Jon |date=2025-01-31 |title=Bloodywood Announce New Album ''New Delhi'' Out 21ST March via Fearless Records |url=https://allabouttherock.co.uk/bloodywood-announce-new-album-nu-delhi-out-21st-march-via-fearless-records/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=All About The Rock |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Background and themes ==
The album is a tribute to the musical scene of [[Delhi]], from which the band originates. In a ''[[Kerrang!]]'' interview, Jayant Bhadula states:<ref name="krinterview">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-31 |title=Bloodywood: “This album is New Delhi saying, ‘Hi, we’ve entered the… |url=https://www.kerrang.com/bloodywood-nu-delhi-interview-new-album-metal-india |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=[[Kerrang!]] |language=en}}</ref>
: "We always try to advocate for things that are close to us. With Nu Delhi, we wanted to let the world know that there is this thriving music scene – not just metal – in India, which is on par with what's happening in the world. The first single, Nu Delhi itself, is a love letter from us to this city."

The third single, "Tadka", released at the end of January 2025, is a reference to [[Tadka|the South Asian cooking method of the same name]]:<ref name="krinterview"/> "It's about going the extra mile in the pursuit of a greater flavour," wrote the band in a statement accompanying the single.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hobsonpublished |first=Rich |date=2025-01-31 |title="It's about going the extra mile in the pursuit of a greater flavour." New Delhi nu metal band Bloodywood just released a brilliant new music video celebrating Indian cuisine |url=https://www.loudersound.com/news/bloodywood-release-metal-tribute-to-indian-food-in-tadka |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=louder |language=en}}</ref>

== Track listing ==
{{Track listing
| headline = ''Nu Delhi'' track listing
| all_writing =
| title1 = Halla Bol
| note1 = Raise Your Voice
| length1 = 5:29
| title2 = Hutt
| note2 = Move
| length2 = 4:34
| title3 = Dhadak
| note3 = Heartbeat
| length3 = 3:09
| title4 = Bekhauf
| note4 = Fearless; featuring [[Babymetal]]
| length4 = 3:48
| title5 = Kismat
| note5 = Destiny
| length5 = 3:45
| title6 = Daggebaaz
| note6 = Deceiver
| length6 = 3:29
| title7 = Tadka
| length7 = 4:22
| title8 = Nu Delhi
| length8 = 4:28

| total_length = 33:07
}}

== Charts ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ Chart performance for ''Nu Delhi''
! scope="col"| Chart (2025)
! scope="col"| Peak position
|-
{{album chart|Austria|68|artist=Bloodywood|album=Nu Delhi|rowheader=true|access-date=2 April 2025}}
|-
{{album chart|Germany|85|id=548583|artist=Bloodywood|album=Nu Delhi|rowheader=true|access-date=28 March 2025}}
|-
! scope="row"| Japanese International Albums ([[Oricon]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Oricon Top 30 International Albums: 2025-04-28 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/wa/w/2025-04-28/p/2/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250423052837/https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/wa/w/2025-04-28/p/2/ |archive-date=April 23, 2025 |access-date=April 23, 2025 |publisher=[[Oricon]] |language=ja}}</ref>
| 15
|-
! scope="row"| Japanese Rock Albums ([[Oricon]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Oricon Top 20 Rock Albums: 2025-04-28 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ra/w/2025-04-28/p/2/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250423053054/https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ra/w/2025-04-28/p/2/ |archive-date=April 23, 2025 |access-date=April 23, 2025 |publisher=[[Oricon]] |language=ja}}</ref>
| 15
|-
{{album chart|Scotland|19|date=20250328|rowheader=true|access-date=29 March 2025}}
|-
{{album chart|Switzerland|46|artist=Bloodywood|album=Nu Delhi|rowheader=true|access-date=30 March 2025}}
|-
{{album chart|UKDigital|7|date=20250328|rowheader=true|access-date=29 March 2025}}
|-
! scope="row"| UK Albums Sales ([[Official Charts Company|OCC]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-sales-chart/20250328/7511/|title=Official Albums Sales Chart Top 100|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|access-date=29 March 2025}}</ref>
| 20
|-
{{album chart|UKRock|4|date=20250328|rowheader=true|access-date=29 March 2025}}
|-
! scope="row" | US [[Top Current Album Sales]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/current-albums/2025-04-05/|title=Top Current Albums Sales: Week of April 5, 2025|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=April 1, 2025}}</ref>
| 41
|-
! scope="row" | US World Albums ([[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']])<ref>{{cite magazine|title=World Albums: Week of April 5, 2025|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/world-albums/2025-04-05/|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=April 1, 2025}}</ref>
| 13
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2025 albums]]
[[Category:Bloodywood albums]]

Lokpal

2025-11-30T02:55:57Z

RomanStrock4259: expanded content further and added references per standard format

{{short description|Ombudsman agency of India}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}{{use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Lokpal
| native_name = लोकपाल
| type = Agency
| seal =
| seal_width =
| logo = File:Logo_of_the_Lokpal.jpg
| logo_caption = 'मा गृधः कस्यस्विद्धनम्' (“Do Not Covet Anyone's Wealth”)
| employees =
| budget =
| formed = {{start date and age|2019|03|19|df=y}}
| jurisdiction =
| agency_type = [[Ombudsman]] agency
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| chief1_name = [[A. M. Khanwilkar|Ajay Manikrao Khanwilkar]]<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/exsc-judge-justice-a-m-khanwilkar-is-now-lokpal-chairperson-101709043679491.html </ref>
| chief1_position = ([[#List of Chairpersons of the Lokpal Committee|Chairperson]])
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| chief3_name =
| chief3_position =
| parent_department =
| child1_agency = [[Lokayukta]]
| website = https://lokpal.gov.in
| footnotes =
| status = Active
}}
A '''Lokpal''' ({{langx|sa|लोकपाल}} ''lokapāla'', "'''Defender of People'''" or "'''People's Friend'''") is an anti-corruption authority or body of [[ombudsman]] that represents the public interest in the [[Republic of India]]. The current Chairperson of Lokpal is [[Ajay Manikrao Khanwilkar]]. The Lokpal has jurisdiction over [[central government]], anyone who is or has been Prime Minister, or a Minister in the Union government, or a Member of Parliament, as well as officials of the Union government under Groups A, B, C and D. Also covered are chairpersons, members, officers and directors of any board, corporation, society, trust or autonomous body either established by an Act of Parliament or wholly or partly funded by the Centre. It also covers any society or trust or body that receives foreign contributions above ₹10 lakh. to inquire into allegations of [[corruption]] against its
public functionaries and for matters connected to [[corruption]]. [[The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013|The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act]] was passed in 2013 with amendments in parliament, following the [[2011 Indian anti-corruption movement|Jan Lokpal movement]] led by [[Anna Hazare]] in 2010. The Lokpal is responsible for enquiring into [[corruption]] charges at the national level while the [[Lokayukta]] performs the same function at the [[States and union territories of India|state]] level. The age of Lokpal (chairperson or member) on the date of assuming office as the chairperson or a member should not be less than 45 years.

== History ==
The term "Lokpal" was coined by [[L M Singhvi|Dr. L.M.Singhvi]] in 1963. The concept of a constitutional ombudsman was first proposed in parliament by Law Minister [[Ashoke Kumar Sen]] in the early 1960s. The first [[Jan Lokpal Bill]] was proposed by Adv [[Shanti Bhushan]] in 1968<ref name="Lok Ref3">{{cite journal |title=The Lokpal Bill |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0019556119780436?journalCode=ipaa |access-date=21 July 2021 |journal=Indian Journal of Public Administration |date=1 October 1978 | volume=24 | issue=4 |pages=1245–1258 |language=en |doi=10.1177/0019556119780436| s2cid=220395138 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> and passed in the 4th [[Lok Sabha]] in 1969, but did not pass through the [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-hopeful-jan-lokpal-bill-will-be-passed-anna-hazare-1864911|title=Hopeful Jan Lokpal bill will be passed: Anna Hazare - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=24 July 2013}}</ref> Subsequently, 'lokpal bills' were introduced in 1971, 1977, 1985, again by Ashoke Kumar Sen, while serving as Law Minister in the [[Rajiv Gandhi]] cabinet, and again in 1989, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2005 and in 2008, yet they were never passed.<ref name="Lok Ref4">{{cite news |title=A look at Anna Hazare's protests throughout the years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/anna-hazare-lokpal-bill-protest-supreme-court-5548932/ |access-date=21 July 2021 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=30 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lokpal bill to cover PM|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/lokpal-bill-to-cover-pm/135533-3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204192101/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/lokpal-bill-to-cover-pm/135533-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 February 2011 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date= 21 November 2010 }}</ref> Forty five years after its first introduction and after ten failed attempts, the Lokpal Bill was finally enacted in India on 18 December 2013<ref>{{cite news |title=Latest Lokpal News, Photos, Latest News Headlines about Lokpal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/topic/Lokpal/ |access-date=19 July 2021 |work=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref> after the tenth attempt. [[President of India|President]] gave his assent to Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act on 1 January 2014.<ref name="Lok Ref4"/>

The Lokpal Bill provides for the filing, with the ombudsman, of complaints of corruption against the [[prime minister]], other [[Minister (government)|ministers]], [[Member of Parliament|MPs]], and group A, B, C and D officers of the central government.<ref name="Lokp Ref1">{{cite news |title=Simply put: The search for a Lokpal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/lokpal-lokayuktas-bill-anna-hazare-5547507/ |access-date=23 July 2021 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=21 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The first [[Administrative Reforms Commission]] (ARC) recommended the enacting of the Office of a Lokpal, convinced that such an institution was justified, not only for removing the sense of injustice from the minds of citizens, but also to instill public confidence in the efficiency of the administrative machinery.

Following this, the Lokpal Bill was, for the first time, presented during the fourth [[Lok Sabha]] in 1968, and was passed there in 1969. However, while it was pending in the [[Rajya Sabha]], the Lok Sabha was dissolved, and thus the bill lapsed.

The bill was revived several times in subsequent years, including in 2011.<ref name="Lok Ref2">{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha passes landmark Lokpal Bill |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/lok-sabha-passes-landmark-lokpal-bill/article20701403.ece1 |access-date=21 July 2021 |publisher=businessline |language=en}}</ref> Each time, after the bill was introduced to the House, it was referred to a committee for improvements, to a joint committee of parliament, or to a departmental standing committee of the Home Ministry. Before the government could take a final stand on the issue, the house was dissolved again. Several conspicuous flaws were found in the 2008 draft of the Lokpal Bill. The basic idea of a lokpal is borrowed from the Office of the Ombudsman, which has the Administrative Reforms Committee of a Lokpal at the centre,{{clarify|date=July 2012}} and Lokayukta in the states.

[[Anna Hazare]] started agitation in Delhi to get this bill passed<ref name="Lok Ref1">{{cite news |title=As Anna Hazare continues stir in Delhi, his village people stage a 'Sholay' style protest |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/as-anna-hazare-continues-stir-villagers-protest-sholay-style/article23355349.ece |access-date=19 July 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=26 March 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref>{{where|date=July 2012}}, and it did pass on 27 December 2011, around 9:30,{{when|date=July 2012}} with some modifications. These were proposed as the [[Jan Lokpal Bill]]. However, Hazare and his team, as well as other political parties, claimed that the Lokpal Bill passed was weak, and would not serve its intended purpose. So the proposed bill by the ruling Congress Party has yet to be accepted in the Rajya Sabha. As of 29 December 2011, the bill has been deferred to the next parliamentary session, amid much controversy and disruption by the [[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] and [[Samajwadi Party|SP]] parties. The media at large, and the opposition parties, claimed the situation had been staged.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/midnight-drama-in-rajya-sabha-over-lokpal-bill/944087.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708225016/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/midnight-drama-in-rajya-sabha-over-lokpal-bill/944087.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-07-08|title=News18.com: CNN-News18 Breaking News India, Latest News, Current News Headlines|website=News18}}</ref>

The apex Institution primarily created to inquire and investigate complaints relating to allegation of corruption involving public functionaries and elected representatives, finally was formed in March 2019 with the appointment of its Chairperson and members.<ref name="Lokpal Ref1">{{cite news |title=Lokpal yet to get director of inquiry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lokpal-yet-to-get-director-of-inquiry/article35398195.ece |access-date=24 July 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=18 July 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Qualification==
As of March 2019, and ever since the related Act of Parliament was passed in India. Retired [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] judge [[Pinaki Chandra Ghose]] is appointed as the first Lokpal of India by a committee consisting of Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and [[Chief Justice of India]] [[Ranjan Gogoi]] and [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] [[Sumitra Mahajan]] on 23 March 2019 whereas the members are appointed w.e.f 27 March 2019.

According to ''The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013'', the organisation consists of one Chairperson and a maximum of eight other members.
* Out of those eight members four members are judicial members who are or have been a Judge of the Supreme Court or a Chief Justice of a [[High courts of India|High Court]]
* Remaining four members being non-judicial members are people of impeccable integrity and outstanding ability having special knowledge and expertise of not less than twenty-five years in the matters relating to anti-corruption policy, public administration, vigilance, finance including insurance and banking, law and management.
* Minimum fifty per cent of the Members will be from [[Scheduled Castes]] / [[Scheduled Tribe]] / [[Other Backward Classes]] / Minorities and women.

== Jan Lokpal Bill movement ==
[[File:Anna Hazare on 2nd day.jpg|thumb|right|250x200px|Anna Hazare's hunger strike at [[Jantar Mantar]] in [[New Delhi]], on the second day of his fast]]
{{Main|Jan Lokpal Bill}}
Jan Lokpal Bill (Citizen's Ombudsman Bill) is a draft anti-corruption bill drawn up by prominent [[civil society]] activists, seeking the appointment of a Jan Lokpal, an independent body that would investigate corruption cases, complete the investigation within one year and conduct trials for the case within the next year.

Drafted by Justice [[Santosh Hegde]] (a former Supreme Court Judge and former Lokayukta of Karnataka), [[Prashant Bhushan]] (a Supreme Court Lawyer) and [[Arvind Kejriwal]] (a RTI activist), the draft Bill envisaged a system in which a corrupt person found guilty would go to jail within two years of the complaint being made and his ill-gotten wealth confiscated. It also sought power for the Jan Lokpal to prosecute politicians and bureaucrats without requiring government permission.

== The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 ==
The historic [[Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013]] was passed by Indian Parliament paving the way for establishment of a Lokpal ([[Ombudsman]]) to fight [[corruption]] in public offices and ensure accountability on the part of public officials, including the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]], but with some safeguards.

Lokpal will consist of a chairperson and a maximum of eight members,<ref>{{cite web |title=LOKPAL |url=http://lokpal.gov.in/ |website=lokpal.gov.in |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref> of which 50% will be judicial members 50% members of Lokpal shall be from SC/ST/OBCs, minorities and women.<ref name="Lok Ref8">{{cite news |title=Explained: How Lokpal will form, function |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/simply-put-how-lokpal-will-form-function-pinaki-chandra-ghose-5632814/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=19 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Selection of chairperson and members of Lokpal through a selection committee consisting of PM, Speaker of Lok Sabha, leader of opposition in Lok Sabha, Chief Justice of India or a sitting Supreme Court judge nominated by CJI.<ref name="Lok Ref5">{{cite news |last1=Seetharaman |first1=G. |title=Delay in appointment of Lokpal & Lokayukta: Who will bell the graft? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-there-is-no-lokpal-at-centre-and-lokayukta-in-many-states/articleshow/66570168.cms?from=mdr |access-date=25 August 2021 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=10 November 2018}}</ref> Eminent jurist to be nominated by [[President of India]] on basis of recommendations of the first four members of the selection committee "through consensus". Lokpal's jurisdiction will cover all categories of public servants. All entities (NGOs) receiving donations from foreign source in the context of the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) in excess of Rs 10 lakh per year are under the jurisdiction of Lokpal. Centre will send Lokpal bill to states as a model bill. States have to set up Lokayuktas through a state law within 365 days.

* Lokpal will have power of superintendence and direction over any central investigation agency including [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] for cases referred to them by the ombudsman.
* A high-powered committee chaired by the PM will recommend selection of CBI director. The collegium will comprise PM, leader of opposition in Lok Sabha and Chief Justice of India PM has been brought under purview of the Lokpal, so also central ministers and senior officials.
* Directorate of prosecution will be under overall control of CBI director. At present, it comes under the law ministry.
* Appointment of director of prosecution to be based on recommendation of the [[Central Vigilance Commission]].
* Director of prosecution will also have a fixed tenure of two years like CBI chief.
* Transfer of CBI officers investigating cases referred by Lokpal with the approval of watchdog.
* Bill incorporates provisions for attachment and confiscation of property acquired by corrupt means, even while prosecution is pending.
* Bill lays down clear timelines for preliminary enquiry and investigation and trial. Provides for special courts Public servants will not present their view before preliminary enquiry if the case requires 'element of surprise' like raids and searches.
* Bill grants powers to Lokpal to sanction prosecution against public servants.
* [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] may appoint a panel of advocates with approval of Lokpal, [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] will not have to depend on govt advocates.
On 15 May 2018, [[Mukul Rohatgi|Mukul Rohtagi]] (Former Attorney General of India) has been appointed as an eminent jurist in the selection panel of Lokpal.

==List of chairpersons of the Lokpal committee==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!{{small|S. No.}}
!Name
!Portrait
! Term start
! Term end
!Tenure
!Appointed by ([[President of India|President]])
!{{small|Ref.}}
|-
!1
|[[Pinaki Chandra Ghose]]
|[[File:Pinaki Chandra Ghosh.png|125px]]
|23 March 2019
|27 May 2022
|{{age in years and days|2019|03|23|2022|05|27}}
|rowspan=2|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/justice-pc-ghose-former-supreme-court-judge-takes-oath-as-indias-first-lokpal-2011627|title=P. C. Ghose takes oath as India's first Lokpal|work=NDTV|date=23 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
!2
|[[Pradip Kumar Mohanty]] ''{{small|(additional charge)}}''
|[[File:Blank.svg|75px]]
|28 May 2022
|9 March 2024
|{{age in years and days|2022|05|27}}
|<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite news |title=Justice Mohanty gets additional charge of Lokpal chairperson |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/justice-mohanty-gets-additional-charge-of-lokpal-chairperson-101653677561284.html |access-date=9 June 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=28 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!3
|[[Ajay Manikrao Khanwilkar]]
|[[File:Justice_A.M._Khanwilkar.jpg|100px]]
|10 March 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2024|03|10}}
|rowspan=2|[[Droupadi Murmu]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-SC judge Justice A M Khanwilkar appointed Lokpal chairperson |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/exsc-judge-justice-a-m-khanwilkar-is-now-lokpal-chairperson-101709043679491.html |access-date=9 March 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |date=27 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Controversies ==
In October 2025, public criticism arose following the floating of a tender by Lokpal to procure seven [[BMW 3 Series]] luxury cars for all members.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2025-10-21 |title=Lokpal wants to buy seven BMW cars, draws Opposition ire |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lokpal-wants-seven-bmw-cars-floats-tender/article70186479.ece |access-date=2025-10-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2025-10-22 |title=Lokpal BMW row: Jairam calls it ‘Shokpal’; critics demand ‘Make in India’ choices |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/lokpal-bmw-row-jairam-calls-it-shokpal-critics-demand-make-in-india-choices-1503501840.html |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013]]
* [[Lokayukta]]
* [[Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill, 2011]]
* [[Jan Lokpal Bill]]
* [[2011 Indian anti-corruption movement]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mukul-rohatgi-appointed-eminent-jurist-in-selection-panel-for-lokpal/article23891565.ece
* http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200804051550.htm
* [http://www.indiatogether.org/2005/jan/law-lokpal.htm India Together – the Lokpal cycle]
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/38042891.cms Times of India article]
* [http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Anna-to-move-SC-against-possible-police-crackdown/818915/ Anna to move SC against possible police crackdown]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140331172533/http://www.iamin.in/en/lokpal-bill Lokpal bill infographics]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191741/http://www.fdrindia.org/lokpal/SuggestedAmendmentsToLokpal2011-09-01.pdf Suggested amendments to the Bill]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130514041013/http://fdrindia.org/lokpal/ConsensusViewsOnLokpalInstitution-2011-05-02.pdf Consensus views on Lokpal]
* [http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02ser/407_06_2013-AVD-IV-09012014.pdf]
* [http://www.gconnect.in/orders-in-brief/conduct-rules/lokpal-employees-declare-assets-15th-september-2014.html]

{{Sitting Members of Lokpal Committee|}}
{{Lokayukta}}

[[Category:Anti-corruption measures in India]]
[[Category:Anti-corruption agencies]]
[[Category:Ombudsman posts]]
[[Category:Ombudsmen in India| ]]
[[Category:Lokayuktas| ]]

Naidupeta

2025-11-17T19:27:08Z

RomanStrock4259: small corrected references after review also and updated info

{{Short description|Town in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Naidupeta
| native_name = 
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.9000|N|79.9000|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 2012
| established_title1 = Incorporated (municipality)
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_footnotes = <ref name=civicbody>{{cite web|title=Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs|url=http://dtcp.ap.gov.in:9090/webdtcp/Municipalities%20List-110.pdf|website=Directorate of Town and Country Planning|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128175528/http://dtcp.ap.gov.in:9090/webdtcp/Municipalities%20List-110.pdf|archive-date=28 January 2016|format=PDF}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Municipality]]
| governing_body = Naidupeta Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=civicbody />
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 19.40
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 45055
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 524 126
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91–8623
| registration_plate = AP–39
| website =
| footnotes =
| other_name = Nayudupeta
}}

'''Naidupeta'''<ref>{{Cite news |last=G. Ravikiran |first= |date=2 February 2015 |title=In Nellore, rains ease a bit, but streams still in fury |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/in-nellore-rains-ease-a-bit-but-streams-still-in-fury/article7942864.ece |access-date=3 June 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> is a town in [[Tirupati district]] of the [[Andhra Pradesh]] state of India. It also the [[mandal]] headquarters of [[Naidupeta mandal]], and it is located in [[Sullurupeta revenue division]].<ref name="nellore div">{{cite news|title=New revenue divisions formed in Nellore district|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/new-revenue-divisions-formed-in-nellore-district/article4848109.ece|access-date=9 June 2015|work=The Hindu|date=25 June 2013 |location=Nellore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Naidupet mandal|url=http://nellore.ap.nic.in/mandalcolormaps/naidupet.pdf |website=Official website of Nellore District|publisher=National Informatics Centre |access-date=15 June 2015}}</ref> Naidupeta Town was located beside [[Swarnamukhi]] River

== Transport ==
[[File:Naidupeta Railway station.jpg|thumb|Naidupeta Railway station]]
The [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]] operates bus services from Naidupet bus station under Sullurpeta Depot.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bus Stations in Districts|url=http://www.apsrtc.gov.in/Bus%20Stations.aspx|website=Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|access-date=9 March 2016|archive-date=22 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322233330/http://apsrtc.gov.in/Bus%20Stations.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Naidupet has a railway station on Chennai - Hyderabad route operated by [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railways]].<ref name="indiarailinfo">{{cite web|title=Naidupet station on IndianRailInfo|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/nayadupeta-nyp/425|website=indiarailinfo.com|publisher=IndianRailinfo|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|Naidupeta}}

{{Tirupati district}}

[[Category:Towns in Tirupati district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Tirupati district]]

==New Development Projects and proposal ==

It appears that the AP government has a proposal to establish new '''''MSME Parks in each constituency'''''. In Sullurupeta constituency, there are indications of plans to develop a new park in Naidupeta town (assumed location), '''situated between Naidupeta Market and Thummuru.''' Currently, the feasibility and various options, such as land availability, are being evaluated. If this park is developed, it can provide numerous opportunities for youth and contribute to reducing unemployment.

== Road Connectivity and Proposed Highway Developments ==

The '''Puthalapattu–Naidupeta Corridor (SH‑61)''' is planned for a 4-lane upgrade along its approximately 117 km stretch, according to a feasibility study by APRDC. <ref>{{cite web |title=PPP Techno‑Economic Feasibility Study for Puthalapattu‑Naidupeta Road |publisher=APRDC |url=https://aprdc.ap.gov.in/Documents/DISCLOSURES/ENVIRONMENT/ListAnnex/ListAnnexPuttal/annexure%202.2%20pn%20embankment.pdf |access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref> The World Bank report estimates the economic viability is strong with a rate of return of approximately 26.5%. <ref>{{cite web |title=AP Road Sector Project: Preliminary Feasibility Study |publisher=World Bank |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/736261468044088591/pdf/421320PAD0corr101Official0Use0only1.pdf |access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref>

According to Sagarmala’s official project tracker, a 4-lane road from '''Naidupeta to Krishnapatnam Port''' is in DPR stage, with an estimated cost of ₹670 crore. <ref>{{cite web |title=4-Lane road to Krishnapatnam Port from Naidupeta |publisher=Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways |url=https://sagarmala.gov.in/projecttracker/4-lane-road-krishnapatnam-port-naidupeta-ap |access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref> Another project, a hinterland road from Naidupeta (Andhra Pradesh) to Krishnagiri (Tamil Nadu), is being planned with a budget of ₹3,000 crore. <ref>{{cite web |title=Upgradation of the hinterland road from Naidupeta to Krishnagiri |publisher=Sagarmala |url=https://sagarmala.gov.in/projecttracker/upgradation-hinterland-road-naidupeta-nellore-district-ap-krishnagiri-tn |access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref>

The '''Naidupeta–Venkatagiri Connectivity Road''' project (under APRDC’s VCIC-DP, Package 04) proposes an 8.70 km road (6.485 km new formation) linking Naidupeta’s industrial area to NH‑16 at Thimmaji Kandriga. <ref>{{cite report |title=Naidupeta Connectivity Road: Social Impact & Resettlement Plan |publisher=APRDC |url=https://aprdc.ap.gov.in/Documents/DISCLOSURES/ENVIRONMENT/ListAnnex/ListAnnexPuttal/annexure%204.1%20pn%20water.pdf |access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref> The plan also indicates around 68.10 acres of land acquisition, potentially affecting 248 families. <ref>{{cite report |title=Right to Fair Compensation Plan – Naidupeta Connectivity Road |publisher=APRDC |url=https://aprdc.ap.gov.in/Documents/DISCLOSURES/SOCIAL/Naidupeta%20Connectivity%20Road%20RP%20APRDC-4.pdf |access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref>

Ramapada Chowdhury

2025-11-13T07:07:41Z

RomanStrock4259: quick fix

{{Short description|Indian writer (1922–2018)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Ramapada Chowdhury
| image = রমাপদ চৌধুরী.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1922|12|28}}
| birth_place = [[Kharagpur]], [[Bengal Presidency]], British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2018|7|29|1922|12|28}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], India
| occupation = Writer
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| nationality = Indian
| education = Master of Arts
| alma_mater = [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Presidency College]], [[University of Calcutta]]
| period =
| genre =
| subject = Novel, short story
| movement =
| notableworks = ''Banpalashir Padabali'', ''Ekhoni'', ''Kharij'', ''Je Jekhane Danriye'', ''Bari Badle Jay''
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| awards = [[Ananda Puraskar]] [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] Rabindranath Tagore Memorial International Prize
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| portaldisp =
| influences =
| influenced =
}}

'''Ramapada Chowdhury''' ({{IPA|bn|/ˈrɑːmɔˌpɔd̪ɔ ˈtʃɔʊd̪ʱuːɾi/}} {{respell|RAH-maw-paw-daw}}) (28 December 1922 – 29 July 2018)<ref>{{cite news |date=29 July 2018 |title='Ek doctor ki maut' writer Ramapada Chowdhury passes away at 95 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ek-doctor-ki-maut-writer-ramapada-chowdhury-passes-away-5282074/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202210016/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ek-doctor-ki-maut-writer-ramapada-chowdhury-passes-away-5282074/ |archive-date=December 2, 2024 |accessdate=1 August 2018 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> was a [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language novelist and short story writer in India.<ref>{{Cite news |title=শ্রীরমাপদ চৌধুরী (১৯২২-২০১৮) |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/ramapada-chowdhury-died-at-the-age-of-95-1.840037 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231120458/https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/ramapada-chowdhury-died-at-the-age-of-95-1.840037 |archive-date=31 December 2022 |access-date=2025-04-03 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |language=bn |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=মজুমদার |first=তিলোত্তমা |title=কলমের দেখানে পনা ছিল না |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/essays/essay-ramapada-chowdhury-bengali-novelist-and-short-story-writer/cid/1395003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903092259/https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/essays/essay-ramapada-chowdhury-bengali-novelist-and-short-story-writer/cid/1395003 |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=2025-04-03 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |language=bn |url-status=live }}</ref> He was the longtime editor of ''Rabibashoriyo'', the Sunday supplement of ''[[Anandabazar Patrika]]''.<ref name="ghoshscroll" /> His works are often seen as "sham-naturalistic" reflections on society.<ref name=":0" /> In 1988, he received the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for his novel ''Bari Badle Jay''.<ref name="sahitya">{{cite web|title=Sahitya Akademi Awards|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp#BENGALI|website=Sahitya Akademi|publisher=Government of India|accessdate=22 December 2017}}</ref>

He was also honoured with the [[Rabindra Puraskar]] and several other literary awards, including the inaugural Rabindranath Tagore Memorial International Prize.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2018-07-30 |title=Sahitya Akademi award winner Ramapada Chowdhury dies at 95 |url=https://scroll.in/latest/888537/sahitya-akademi-award-winner-ramapada-chowdhury-dies-at-95 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114053353/https://scroll.in/latest/888537/sahitya-akademi-award-winner-ramapada-chowdhury-dies-at-95 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |language=en}}</ref> Many of his works have been adapted into films, most notably ''[[Kharij]]'', directed by [[Mrinal Sen]], and ''[[Ek Doctor Ki Maut]]'', directed by [[Tapan Sinha]]—both of which earned critical acclaim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=July 30, 2018 |title='Bari Badle Jay' Author Ramapada Chowdhury Dead at 95 |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/eminent-bengali-author-ramapada-chowdhury-passes-away-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722105830/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/eminent-bengali-author-ramapada-chowdhury-passes-away-2 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |access-date=April 9, 2025 |website=[[The Quint]] |language=en}}</ref>

Chowdhury began writing during [[World War II]] and remained closely associated with ''Anandabazar Patrika'' for many years. His writing style is marked by brevity and precision. He is regarded as one of the most significant short story writers in modern [[Bengali literature]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=আচার্য |first=শ্যামলী |date=2024-12-28 |title=আমার না-দেখা দ্রোণাচার্য |url=https://daakbangla.com/2024/12/an-article-about-writer-ramapada-chowdhury-on-his-birth-anniversary/ |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=ডাকবাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>

In a 2005 interview with [[Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay]], he announced his retirement from writing, saying he no longer understood today's world and had nothing more to say.<ref>{{Cite web |last=মণ্ডল |first=মৌনী |date=June 8, 2022 |title=শতবর্ষে রমাপদ চৌধুরী : 'বনপলাশির পদাবলী', 'বাড়ি বদলে যায়', 'খারিজ'-এর লেখক |url=https://www.bongodorshon.com/home/story_detail/eminent-writer-ramapada-chowdhury-s-birth-century |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=Bongodorshon.com}}</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:খড়গপুরে রমাপদ চৌধুরীর শৈশবের বাড়ি (Childhood home of Ramapada Chowdhury at Kharagpur Town).jpg|thumb|Ramapada's birthplace at [[Kharagpur]], [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]]]
Ramapada Chowdhury was born on 28 December 1922 in [[Kharagpur]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now in the Indian state of West Bengal). His father, Maheshchandra Chowdhury, worked in the railways, and the family often moved from one place to another. Thus young Ramapada was exposed to life in several different parts of India.<ref name="ghoshscroll">{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Shamik |date=5 August 2018 |title=Ramapada Chowdhury (1922-2018) was one of the few Bengali writers who preferred quality to quantity |url=https://scroll.in/article/889211/ramapada-chowdhury-1922-2018-was-one-of-the-few-bengali-writers-who-preferred-quality-to-quantity |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111065039/https://scroll.in/article/889211/ramapada-chowdhury-1922-2018-was-one-of-the-few-bengali-writers-who-preferred-quality-to-quantity |archive-date=November 11, 2023 |accessdate=18 September 2020 |work=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> [[Ranchi]], [[Raipur]], [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], [[Guwahati]] and [[Dibrugarh]] were some of the towns he lived in. All of these places figure in his early works of fiction.<ref name="jalalstatesman">{{cite news |last1=Jalal |first1=Syed Hashmat |title=Obituary - Ramapada Chowdhury: End of a long literary era |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/obituary-ramapada-chowdhury-1502666943.html |accessdate=18 September 2020 |work=The Statesman |date=30 July 2018}}</ref> His Mother was Durgasundari Devi. He completed his schooling from Kharagpur. Subsequently, he studied at [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency College]], [[Calcutta]], and obtained his master's degree in English literature from the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref name="whoswho">{{cite book|last1=Dutt|first1=Kartik Chandra|title=Who's who of Indian writers: 1999|date=1999|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-260-0873-3|page=239|edition=End-century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QA1V7sICaIwC&q=239|accessdate=23 December 2017}}</ref>

==Career==
Chowdhury wrote his first short story as a student, in response to a challenge from his friends. It was written sitting in a restaurant near his college, and was published in the newspaper ''Jugantar''.<ref name="ghoshscroll" /> After completing his Master's, he got a job with [[Anandabazar Patrika]]. Later he became Associate Editor of the newspaper, and edited its Sunday supplement ''Rabibasariya'' for many years.

Chowdhury started writing short stories on a regular basis from the age of twenty-five. He published two collections of stories before the publication of his first novel ''Pratham Prahar'' (1954).<ref name="chakrabarti">{{cite book|last1=Chakrabarti|first1=Kunal|last2=Chakrabarti|first2=Shubhra|title=Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis|date=22 August 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-5334-8|page=132|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ&q=ramapada+novels&pg=PA132|accessdate=22 December 2017}}</ref> Although an established writer in the 1950s, Chowdhury received wider recognition with his 1960 novel ''Banpalashir Padabali'', which appeared in serial form in the well-known literary magazine ''[[Desh (magazine)|Desh]]''. He was awarded the Rabindra Puraskar in 1971 for his novel ''Ekhoni'' and the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1988 for ''Bari Badle Jay''. In all, he wrote around fifty novels and over one hundred short stories. He also edited an anthology of stories originally published in ''Desh''. According to [[Shamik Ghosh]], Chowdhury was among the few Bengali authors who preferred quality to quantity.

In 2011, the Indian Institute of Planning and Management instituted the Rabindranath Tagore Memorial International Prize. Ramapada Chowdhury won the award in its inaugural year, for his novel ''Banpalashir Padabali''. According to writer and scholar Surajit Dasgupta, {{Blockquote|"Banpalashir Padabali is a stunningly vibrant and intensely human work that serves to reaffirm his reputation as a master story-teller in the Bengali language."<ref name="surajit">{{cite web|last1=Dasgupta|first1=Surajit|title=Banpalashir Padabali by Ramapada Chaudhuri|url=http://surajit-dasgupta.blogspot.in/2012/07/ramapada-chaudhuri-banpalashir-padabali.html|website=blogspot.in|accessdate=22 December 2017|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222220214/http://surajit-dasgupta.blogspot.in/2012/07/ramapada-chaudhuri-banpalashir-padabali.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}

The Sahitya Akademi, in its series of films on eminent Indian writers, has produced a film on Ramapada Chowdhury, directed by Raja Mitra.<ref name="akademifilms">{{cite web|title=Sahitya Akademi: Video Films on Eminent Indian Writers|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/films/films.jsp|website=Sahitya Akademi|publisher=Government of India|accessdate=22 December 2017}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Writing for [[Desh (magazine)|''Desh'']], [[Bani Basu]] described him as "sharp and witty," noting his experimentation with different storytelling forms while preserving traditional styles and exploring the "criticism of life" in his writings. Krishna Basu saw him as a "distant personality" and counted him among his favorite novelists, alongside the three Bandopadhyays: [[Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay|Tarasankar]], [[Manik Bandopadhyay|Manik]], and [[Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay|Bibhutibhushan]]. [[Dibyendu Palit]] remembered him as an editor who encouraged young writers, unafraid to both praise and critique their work, while [[Nirendranath Chakravarty|Nirendranath Chakraborty]] reflected on their long friendship, before and after joining [[ABP Group|ABP]], and how he quit smoking after Ramapada did. Chakraborty later died the same year on 25 December. [[Nrisingha Prasad Bhaduri]] remembered him as an editor with a keen ability to draw out quality writing, praising his craftsmanship in novels, short stories, and even the brief, starkly radical notes he occasionally sent to fellow writers—each word, he said, was "irreplaceable."<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Desh |date=2 August 2018 |pages=16–24 |language=bn}}</ref>

==Selected works==
* ''Pratham Prahar'' (1954)
* ''Dwiper Nam Tia rang'' (1958)
* ''Banpalashir Padabali'' (1960)
* Parajit Samrat (1966)
* ''Ekhoni'' (1969)
* Picnic (1970)
* ''Je Jekhane Danriye'' (1972)
* Album-e Koyekti Chobi (1973)
* ''Kharij'' (1974)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chowdhury |first=Ramapada |title=Kharij |publisher=Ananda Publishers Pvt. Limited |isbn=9788170663935}}</ref>
* Lajja (1975)
* Hridoy (1976)
* Beej (1977)
* Swajan (1981)
* ''Bari Badle Jay'' (1988)
* ''Abhimanyu'' (1982)
* ''Darbari''
* ''Lalbai''
* ''Harano Khata''
*Bahiri
*Chhad
*Shesher Seemana
*Aakash Pradeep
*Bhobishyot

==English translations==
* ''Nothing but the Truth'' (original title ''Kharij''), translated by Enakshi Chatterjee, Vikas, New Delhi, 1978. {{ISBN|0706906632}}.
* ''Second Encounter'' (original title ''Je Jekhane Danriye''), translated by Swapna Dutta, Niyogi Books, 2016. {{ISBN|9789385285448}}.
* ''Dwellings Change'' (original title ''Badi Bodle Jay''), translated by Tania Chakravertty, Sahitya Akademi, 2023. {{ISBN|978-93-5548-630-1}}.

==In popular culture==
=== Film adaptations ===
* ''Dwiper Nam Tiarang'' (1963), directed by Gurudas Bagchi
* ''[[Ekhoni]]'' (1970), directed by [[Tapan Sinha]]
* ''[[Picnic (1972 film)|Picnic]]'' (1972), directed by [[Inder Sen]]
* ''[[Bon Palashir Padabali|Banpalashir Padabali]]'' (1973), directed by [[Uttam Kumar]]
* ''Je Jekhane Danriye'' (1974), directed by Agragami
* ''[[Kharij]]'' (1982), directed by [[Mrinal Sen]]
* ''[[Ek Din Achanak]]'' (1989) (in Hindi), directed by [[Mrinal Sen]] (based on ''Beej''))
* The 1990 [[Hindi cinema|Hindi-language film]] ''[[Ek Doctor Ki Maut]]'', directed by [[Tapan Sinha]], is based on Ramapada Chowdhury’s novel ''[[Abhimanyu (novel)|Abhimanyu]]'', loosely inspired by [[Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyay]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Damini |date=2017-02-11 |title='Ek Doctor Ki Maut' and the missing Indian scientist in the laboratory |url=https://scroll.in/reel/829082/ek-doctor-ki-maut-and-the-missing-indian-scientist-in-the-laboratory |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |language=en}}</ref> an [[In vitro fertilisation|IVF]] pioneer who died by suicide after alleged humiliation by colleagues and the West Bengal government.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=S. Jayaraman |first=K. |date=2010-10-06 |title=Nobel to IVF pioneer revives feelings of loss |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nindia.2010.139 |journal=[[Nature India]] |language=en |doi=10.1038/nindia.2010.139|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* ''Sundari'' (1999), directed by [[Gul Bahar Singh]] (based on the short story ''Ahlaadi'')
* ''[[Borunbabur Bondhu]]'' (2020), directed by [[Anik Dutta]] (based on ''Chhad'')

== Awards and honours ==
* Sahitya Akademi Award 1988<ref name="sahitya" />
* Rabindra Puraskar 1971<ref name="whoswho" />
* Ananda Puraskar 1963<ref name="whoswho" />
* Rabindranath Tagore Memorial International Prize 2011<ref name="iipm">{{cite web|title=The 7cr. IIPM Rabindranath Tagore International Prize for Ramapada Chowdhuri and six others|url=http://www.iipm.edu/news-and-events/The-7cr.-IIPM-Rabindranath-Tagore-International-Prize-for-Ramapada-Chowdhuri-and-six-others/|website=iipm.edu|publisher=Indian Institute of Planning and Management|accessdate=22 December 2017}}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|0159543}}
*{{OL author|L945A|Ramapada Chaudhuri}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8Uv8K6A-M0 Ramapada Chowdhury – A Short Documentary Film – Sahitya Akademi]

{{Sahitya}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Ramapada}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali-language novelists]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Bengali]]
[[Category:Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper editors]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Novelists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Kharagpur]]

Joginder Singh (politician)

2025-10-22T09:40:13Z

RomanStrock4259:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
'''Kaka Joginder Singh''' (1918 in [[Gujranwala]] – 23 December 1998, in [[Bareilly]]) (also known as [[Dharti Pakar]], meaning "one who clings") was a textile owner and [[perennial candidate]] who contested and lost over 300 elections in India.<ref name="BJP">[http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/feb/04kaka.htm The Evergreen Candidate] Rediff - 4 February 1998</ref><ref>[http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k4/spoof.htm Uncorking the mirth] IndianTelevision - 4 February 2004</ref>

==Early life and career==
He earned his money through his shop in Bareilly KAKA STORE DHARTIPAKAD[[Bareilly]]. In elections, he always contested as an independent, and always lost.<ref name="BJP" />

===Thoughts on his campaigns===
Singh looked at the security deposit which he has always lost as his 'humble contribution' to the national fund, and said he never campaigned or used money to earn support. The campaign donations for 1991 were Rs. 2500 and after 1997, the security deposit was raised to Rs. 15000.<ref name="TTC">[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020617/nation.htm#1 Capt Sahgal creates history] The Tribune, Chandigarh - 17 June 2002</ref>

His election promises included: repaying all foreign loans, more character building in schools, and bringing back the [[barter]] system as a [[panacea]] for the [[Economy of India|Indian economy]].<ref name="BJP" />

===Earning of "Dharti Pakar"===
His nomination papers were usually disregarded by the election commission
and he earned the nickname [[Dharti Pakar]] (one who clings) after several unsuccessful runs for the [[President of India]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/2004/05/03/stories/2004050301221300.htm | title=Poll-Pourri | date=3 May 2004 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | accessdate=22 October 2018 }}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The most prolific year for him was during the 1992 10th Presidential elections where he earned fourth place in the polling with 1135 votes, losing to [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]].<ref name="TTC" /> He also contested elections from 14 states of India in the 1990s,<ref name="BJP" /> mostly for state assemblies.
In 1992 he contested against K.R. Narayanan for [[Vice-President of India]] and secured 1 vote.

==Election efforts==
*He earned 451 votes (0.23%) in the [[Ludhiana]] poll for 1982<ref>[http://ceopunjab.nic.in/Punjabi/Elections/GE/GE1992/GE1992.pdf Ludhiana-82] Punjab Elections</ref>
*He earned 1848 votes (0.33%) in the [[Ludhiana]] poll for 1985 <ref>[http://ceopunjab.nic.in/Punjabi/Elections/GE/GE1985/GE1985.pdf Ludhiana-85] - Punjab Elections</ref>
*He earned 46 votes in the 1991 New Delhi elections<ref>[http://archive.eci.gov.in/elec91/states/U05/const01.htm 1.New Delhi(NATIONAL CAPITAL TERRITORY OF DELHI)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930043526/http://archive.eci.gov.in/elec91/states/U05/const01.htm |date=30 September 2007 }} 1991 Election Commission of India</ref>
*He was fourth in the polling for the [[Nandyal]] [[Lok Sabha]] election of 1991 with 1506 votes (.001%) <ref>[http://www.indiapress.org/election/archives/lok11/biodata/11ap25.php Biographical Sketch Member of Parliament XI Lok Sabha] - IndiaPress</ref>
*He was fourth in the polling for president in 1991 <ref>[http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/pr.html BACKGROUNDER] - NIC Archives</ref>
*He was eighth place in the polling for the [[Lucknow]] [[Lok Sabha]] elections of 1998, with 212 votes (0.02%)<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/election/gnelc99/ge98rslt/up-r98.pdf Results:Uttar Pradesh] - Govt of India Press Bureau</ref>

==Death==
Singh died on 23 December 1998.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec24/nation.htm#8 Dhartipakar dead] TribuneIndia - 24 December 1998</ref> Earlier in the year, he tried to contest elections against [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] leaders [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] and [[L. K. Advani]].<ref name="BJP" />

==See also==
* [[Hotte Paksha Rangaswamy]]
* [[K. Padmarajan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Kaka Joginder}}
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:People from Bareilly]]
[[Category:People from Gujranwala]]
[[Category:Candidates for President of India]]
[[Category:Indian vice-presidential candidates]]

Mohan Assembly constituency

2025-10-14T15:12:28Z

RomanStrock4259: added new pg!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency in Uttar Pradesh|its eponymous town|Mohan, Uttar Pradesh| the assembly constituency in Odisha|Mohana Assembly constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mohan
| map_image = 164-Mohan.svg
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| type = SLA
| electors = 3,42,858
| constituency_no = 164
| district = [[Unnao district|Unnao]]
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Brijesh Kumar Rawat]]
| party = [[BJP]]
| latest_election_year = 2017
}}
'''Mohan''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Mohan in the [[Unnao district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.

'''Mohan''' (मोहान), sometimes spelt Mohana or erroneously Mahon in some government records and pronounced मोहान (उन्नाव जिला), is one of six assembly constituencies in the '''[[Unnao Lok Sabha constituency|Unnao]] Lok Sabha''' seat. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 164 amongst 403 constituencies.

Currently this seat belongs to [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate '''[[Brijesh Kumar Rawat]]''' who won in last Assembly election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate '''Radhe Lal Rawat''' by a margin of 54,095 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/mohan.html|title=Assembly result 2017|website=Elections.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
* 1957 : Seat did not exist
* 1962 : Sukh Lal<ref name="election1962">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3244-uttar-pradesh-1962/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=21 April 2023}}</ref> (Jana Sangh)
* 1977 : Bhagauti Singh<ref name="election1977">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3253-uttar-pradesh-1977/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref> (JNP)
* 1980 : Chandra Shekhar Trivedi<ref name="election1980">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3254-uttar-pradesh-1980/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref> (INC-I)
* 1985 : Bhagoti Singh<ref name="election1985">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3255-uttar-pradesh-1985/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref> (IND)
* 1991 : Gomti Prasad (BJP)
* 1993 : Rajendra Prasad (SP)<ref name=elections1993>{{cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/mohana-uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituency|website=resultuniversity.com|title=Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results|access-date=2020-07-11}}</ref>
* 1996 : Gomti Yadav<ref name="election1996">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3259-uttar-pradesh-1996/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=18 March 2024}}</ref> (BJP)
* 2017 : [[Brijesh Kumar Rawat]] (BJP)

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Mohan<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Brajesh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:113291}}
|percentage = 53.45
|change = +1.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Dr. Anchal
|votes = {{formatnum:70112}}
|percentage = 33.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sewak Lal Rawat
|votes = {{formatnum:20806}}
|percentage = 9.82
|change = -15.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Madhu Verma Alias Madhu Rawat
|votes = {{formatnum:2744}}
|percentage = 1.29
|change = -15.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1579}}
|percentage = 0.74
|change = -0.38
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:43179}}
|percentage = 20.37
|change = -6.33
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:211963}}
|percentage = 61.82
|change = -0.89
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Mohan<ref name="election2017"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Brijesh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:104884}}
|percentage = 51.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Radhe Lal Rawat S/O Munnu
|votes = {{formatnum:50789}}
|percentage = 25.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhagwan Das Katheria
|votes = {{formatnum:34465}}
|percentage = 17.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Sunil Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:3316}}
|percentage = 1.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Vinay Chaudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:3125}}
|percentage = 1.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2235}}
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:54095}}
|percentage = 26.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:202538}}
|percentage = 62.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
* Gomti Yadav (BJP) : 76,097 votes<ref name=elections1996>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1996-election-results.html|website=elections.in|title=Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results|access-date=2020-07-11}}</ref>
* Rajendra Prasad Yadav (SP) : 60,432

===1993===
* Rajendra Prasad (SP) : 66,540 votes
* [[Rajnath Singh]] (BJP) : 58,572

===1977===
* Bhagauti Singh (JNP) : 32,824 votes<ref name=elections1977>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1977-election-results.html|website=elections.in|title=Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results|access-date=2020-07-11}}</ref>
* Chandra Shekhar Trivedi (INC) : 21,350

===1962===
* Sukh Lal (BJS) : 14,738 votes<ref name="election1962-1">{{Cite web|title=Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1962|url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1962-election-results.html|access-date=2021-10-04|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
* Basat Lal (INC) : 13,612

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Unnao district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Sita Devi (painter)

2025-10-01T05:48:33Z

RomanStrock4259: done...

{{Short description|Indian artist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sita Devi
| birth_date = 1914
| birth_place = near [[Saharsa]], Bihar, [[British Raj]] (present-day India)
| death_date = {{death year and age|2005|1914}}
| death_place = [[Jitwarpur]], [[Madhubani district]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| occupation = Painter, activist
| movement = [[Madhubani art]]
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (1981)
}}
'''Sita Devi''' (1914–2005) was an Indian artist, specializing in painting in the [[Madhubani art|Madhubani]] tradition. She is one of the most well-known Madhubani artists from India, and was one of the first to receive national recognition for the art form, receiving a number of awards for her work including the [[Padma Shri]] (one of India's highest civilian honors) in 1981, as well as the Bihar Ratna Samman in 1984. She was influential in activism for local development in her village of [[Jitwarpur]], in the state of [[Bihar]], and taught Madhubani art to local residents, especially women, during her career in an effort to encourage financial stability. Her paintings have been praised for their individual style, particularly their use of color, have been widely exhibited, and are archived in India as well as in museums in France, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan.

== Biography ==
Sita Devi was born in a village near [[Saharsa]] in the state of [[Bihar]] in 1914, and moved to the village of Jitwarpur after her marriage.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-23 |title=In village where Madhubani paints, art and Nitish Kumar smile at each other |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/in-village-where-madhubani-paints-art-and-nitish-smile-at-each-other/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She belonged to a [[Mahapatra]] [[Brahmin]] caste family.<ref name=":0" /> She was illiterate, but learned to paint as child by using leftover paint from local potters, and painting on the walls of her home in the local traditional Madhubani style.<ref name=":0" /> She died in 2005 in [[Madhubani, India|Madhubani]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Ambarish |date=December 14, 2005 |title=Madhubani art legend dead |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051215/nation.htm#4 |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Nation}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== Art ===
Sita Devi learned to paint in the traditional Madhubani folk art style, and was one of the first artists who transitioned from the cultural practice of painting murals on walls, to working on paper, enabling her to sell Madhubani paintings.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Tripathi |first=Shailaja |date=2013-11-22 |title=Madhubani beyond the living rooms |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/events/madhubani-beyond-the-living-rooms/article5380171.ece |access-date=2022-03-01 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> This was done at the encouragement of government officials, who, instructed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, encouraged local residents in Bihar to sell their paintings to counteract the financial impact of a state-wide drought.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Nirala |first=Narendra Narayan Sinha |title=Madhubani: A Contemporary History (1971-2011) |date=2010 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44147593 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=71 |pages=1243–1250 |jstor=44147593 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> She was a forerunner in bringing Madhubani art, originating in her state of Bihar, to national attention in India. In 1969, the Bihar government honored her with a state award for her contribution to arts and she went on to win several other awards, including one of India's highest civilian honors, the [[Padma Shri]].<ref name=":1" />

In the 1960s and 70s, Sita Devi, along with fellow artists [[Ganga Devi (painter)|Ganga Devi]] and [[Baua Devi]], were some of the most notable forerunners and innovators in the Madhubani art style in India.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Chavda |first=Jagdish J. |date=1990 |title=The Narrative Paintings of India's Jitwarpuri Women |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1358383 |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=26–28 |doi=10.2307/1358383 |jstor=1358383 |issn=0270-7993|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Notably she popularised the ''bharni'' (filled) form of Madhubani art, employing color and shading applied over line art.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2013-02-11 |title=Sita Devi: A Legendary Mithila Artist |url=https://blog.saffronart.com/2013/02/11/sita-devi-a-legendary-mithila-artist/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=State of the Art |language=en-US}}</ref> Her imagery drew from traditional [[Mithila culture|Mithila]] / [[Madhubani art|Madhubani]] motifs, including figures from mythology and the natural world, but later incorporated scenes from places that she had traveled to, including the World Trade Center, Arlington National Cemetery, and skylines from New York City.<ref name=":5" /> in 1981, at the invitation of Japanese curator, Tokio Hasegawa, she was one of several Madhubani artists who visited Japan to paint and help establish the Mithila Museum in [[Tōkamachi|Tokamachi]], and incorporated Japanese landscapes into her art during this visit.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mithila's pride |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30203425.ece |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=Frontline |date=10 February 2005 |language=en}}</ref>

She was an [[artist-in-residence]] at India's [[National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum|National Handicrafts and Handloom Museum]], Delhi, where her work was popular in political circles, and particularly amongst former prime ministers such as [[Indira Gandhi]] and [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]].<ref name=":5" /> In 1978, she was commissioned to create a series of murals at the [[Akbar Bhawan|Akbar Hotel]] in New Delhi, a project on which she spent over a year.<ref name=":4" />

During her lifetime, her work was exhibited widely in India and internationally, and is part of the permanent collections at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum|Victoria & Albert Museum]] in London,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Museum |first=Victoria and Albert |title=Painting {{!}} Devi, Sita {{!}} V&A Explore The Collections |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O82400/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections |date=1973 |language=en}}</ref> the [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]], the [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]], the [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac|Musée du Quai Branly]] in Paris, and the [[Mithila Museum]] in Japan.<ref name=":5" /> It continues to be in commercial demand in public and private collections.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iyengar |first=Radhika |date=2018-04-06 |title=Saffronart's forthcoming auctions feature rare finds |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/nsVgSWsKxUFoNsy05ox03J/Saffronarts-forthcoming-auctions-feature-rare-finds.html |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

=== Activism ===
Sita Devi was active in local politics in Bihar, chiefly in the fields of local infrastructure development and art education. Utilizing the public attention she had gained as an artist, she agitated for improvements to her village of Jitwarpur, such as the construction of roads, access to electricity, and the construction of schools.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Radhika |date=9 November 2005 |title=This Sita is the true 'Devi' of Jitwarpur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/this-sita-is-the-true-devi-of-jitwarpur/articleshow/1289041.cms |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> In addition, she taught Madhubani art to local residents, especially young women, and lobbied for government grants to teach painting.<ref name=":4" />

== Honors and awards ==
* 1969: Bihar State Government Award for Madhubani art<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" />
* 1976: "Master Craftsman" Award from the President of India, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed<ref name=":4" />
* 1981: [[Padma Shri]], Government of India, for art<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards {{!}} Interactive Dashboard |url=http://www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>
* 1984: Bihar Ratna Samman<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Sita}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Saharsa district]]
[[Category:Artists from Bihar]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian folk artists]]
[[Category:Women artists from Bihar]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]

Army Hospital Research and Referral

2025-09-20T13:46:27Z

RomanStrock4259: minor cleanup

{{Infobox hospital
| name = Army Hospital Research and Referral
| logo = Army_Hospital_Research_and_Referral.svg
| logo_size = 150
| location = New Delhi
| country = IN
| funding = Government
| type = Armed forces hospital, teaching centre, nursing college
| beds = 1000+
| constructed = Late 1980s
| other_links = [[List of Armed Forces Hospitals In India]]
| healthcare = Public
| coordinates = {{coord|28.583814|N|77.158569|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}
}}

'''Army Hospital (Research And Referral)''', also known as '''Army Hospital (R&R)''', '''AH (R&R)''' and '''RR Hospital''', is the apex flagship medical care centre for the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. Completed in the mid 1990s, the hospital, which includes a teaching hospital and nursing college, is located in [[Delhi Cantonment]], New Delhi. It is the only Armed Forces Medical Services hospital to be commanded by a [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] rank officer and provides for 27 sub-specialties.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Saxena|first=Sangeeta|date=17 November 2018|title=Army R&R Hospital: AMC's jewel in the crown|url=https://www.aviation-defence-universe.com/army-rr-hospital-amcs-jewel-in-the-crown/|access-date=2020-09-21|website=www.aviation-defence-universe.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=2020-07-26|title=President donates ₹20 lakh to Army hospital to buy equipment to combat COVID-19|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-president-donates-20-lakh-to-army-hospital-to-buy-equipment-to-combat-covid-19/article32196394.ece|access-date=2020-09-21|issn=0971-751X|quote=The Army Hospital (Research and Referral) is the apex medical care centre for the armed forces of India.}}</ref> The hospital is also meant to cater to the [[President of India]] and the chiefs of the military.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Joseph|first=Josy|author-link=Josy Joseph|date=July 2000|title=Army hospital under cloud as 2 generals die|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jul/06josy1.htm|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Rediff}}</ref>

== About ==
The construction of the hospital was undertaken by the [[Military Engineer Services (India)|Military Engineer Services]] and private contractors. The work started in the late 1980s and was completed in the next few years. The hospital is one of the largest military hospitals in Asia, initially constructed with over 600 beds. Notably, the hospital treats the [[President of India]] and the chiefs of the military.<ref name=":3" />

In an interview in 2018, Lt. General U.K. Sharma, commandant of Army Hospital (R&R) said that, "We treat SAARC nation’s armed forces’ patients here too. There is a quota for each country. [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|MEA]] gives a sanction and payment comes from MEA. Exchange programme with [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS nations]] for doctors and para medics. There are two missions going to Uzbekistan and one to Egypt. Return visits are MEA-[[Ministry of Defence (India)|MOD]] joint decision".<ref name=":0" /> The first patient simulator in India was acquired by the hospital.<ref name=":0" /> The first cervical disc replacement and bi-level cervical disc replacement in Asia was carried out in the hospital's neurosurgery department in 2002 and 2003 respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Katoch|first=S|date=2009|title=R & R Hospital : Cutting-edge Services|url=http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2009/jan01-09/h12.html|access-date=2020-09-23|website=[[Sainik Samachar]]}}</ref> The assisted reproductive technology facility at the hospital undertook 500 test tube pregnancies in 2012 itself.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chatterjee|first=Pritha|date=16 December 2012|title=Delhi centre brings joy to Army homes: 500 test tube babies on way|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/delhi-centre-brings-joy-to-army-homes-500-test-tube-babies-on-way/1045924/|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Indian Express Archive}}</ref>

The Army Organ and Retrieval Transplantation Organisation (AORTA), formed in 2006, handles [[organ donation]]s at RR Hospital. In 2018, an entire unit of the [[Territorial Army (India)|Territorial Army]] submitted applications pledging their organs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 January 2018|agency=ANI|title=An entire Army unit just pledges their organs|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/an-entire-army-unit-just-pledges-their-organs/1230122|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Outlook India}}</ref> The conversion rate for organ donations at RR Hospital is among the best worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Sanchita|date=2008-02-02|title=Armed Forces among world's best donors|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/armed-forces-among-world-s-best-donors/story-CI71bBtEDFs4mzx4OogwsI.html|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Brigadier YP Bakshi was shot in Meerut; following his death, RR Hospital harvested his organs, liver, kidneys, eyes and heart valves.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Unnithan|first=Sandeep|date=3 April 2008|title=Military operation|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/offtrack/story/20080414-military-operation-735860-2008-04-03|access-date=2020-10-09|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

=== Patients and deaths ===
Patients have included Field Marshal [[Sam Manekshaw]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Singha|first=Tarun|date=11 September 2014|title=Sam Bahadur, The Indefatigable Field Marshal And His Tryst With Death|url=https://salute.co.in/sam-bahadur-the-indefatigable-field-marshal-and-his-tryst-with-death/|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Salute|language=en-US}}</ref> Wing Commander [[Abhinandan Varthaman]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gurung|first=Shaurya Karanbir|date=2 March 2019|title=Abhinandan is back but with a rib fracture and some bruises|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/abhinandan-is-back-but-with-a-rib-fracture-and-some-bruises/articleshow/68232959.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2020-09-23}}</ref> and [[Sonia Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-03|title=Sonia Gandhi stable and recovering at Army Hospital R&R in Delhi|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/sonia-gandhi-stable-and-recovering-at-army-hospital-rr-in-delhi/336870/|access-date=2020-09-23|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref> Notable people who have died at the hospital include: former President [[Pranab Mukherjee]];<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 August 2020|agency=PTI|title=Former President Pranab Mukherjee passes away|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/former-president-pranab-mukherjee-passes-away/20200831.htm|access-date=2020-09-21|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref> [[Marshal of the Indian Air Force|Marshal]] [[Arjan Singh]], the only five-star rank officer of the Indian Air Force;<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 September 2017|title=Indian Air Force Marshal, 1965 War Hero Arjan Singh Dies at 98|url=https://thewire.in/government/indian-air-force-marshal-1965-war-hero-arjan-singh-dies-98|access-date=2020-09-21|website=The Wire}}</ref> former Navy Chief Admiral [[Sushil Kumar (admiral)|Sushil Kumar]];<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 November 2019|agency=PTI|title=Former Navy Chief Admiral Sushil Kumar Dies At 79|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ex-navy-chief-sushil-kumar-dies-after-brief-illness-2139662|access-date=2020-09-21|website=NDTV}}</ref> Lt. General [[Sagat Singh]];<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mohan|first=P V S Jagan|date=12 October 2006|title=Remembering Sagat Singh (1918-2001)|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/ARMY/personnel/martyrs/175-Sagat-Singh.html?fb_comment_id=1392315177451741_1937051759644744|access-date=2020-09-23|website=[[Bharat Rakshak]]}}</ref> and Colonel [[Narendra Kumar (mountaineer)|Narendra "Bull" Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Surendra|date=1 January 2021|title=Col Narendra 'Bull' Kumar who helped India secure Siachen Glacier passes away at 84|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/col-narendra-bull-kumar-who-helped-india-secure-siachen-glacier-passes-away-at-84/articleshow/80048471.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231135541/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/col-narendra-bull-kumar-who-helped-india-secure-siachen-glacier-passes-away-at-84/articleshow/80048471.cms |archive-date=2020-12-31 |access-date=2021-01-02|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Lance Naik Hanumanthappa Koppad, who was found alive after being buried under snow for six days in the [[Siachen Glacier]], was shifted to RR Hospital, where he died two days later.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-02-09|title=Siachen survivor Hanumanthappa fights for life, India prays for him|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/he-triumphed-death-siachen-survivor-s-family-erupts-in-joy/story-5Fl1gRazZkLDLY8f0MffPN.html|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MacAskill|first=Andrew|date=2016-02-11|title=Siachen avalanche survivor Hanumanthappa Koppad dies|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/BSEQ75KXuTzna21zNvoG9J/Siachen-braveheart-Lance-Naik-Hanamanthappa-Koppad-dead-arm.html|access-date=2020-10-09|website=mint|language=en}}</ref> Naik Raj Kishor Singh, who was injured in the [[2016 Uri attack]], underwent treatment at RR Hospital, but soon after died due to injuries sustained during the attack.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Rahul|date=2016-09-30|title=Another soldier injured in Uri attack dies, death toll now 19|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/another-soldier-injured-in-uri-attack-dies-death-toll-now-19/story-rtGLQjUkDKYbayI7pRuNxL.html|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi visits Siachen survivor Lance Naik Hanumanthappa at Army’s Research & Referral Hospital, in New Delhi on February 09, 2016. The Chief of Army Staff, General Dalbir Singh is also seen (4).jpg|thumb|The Prime Minister Narendra Modi visits [[2016 Siachen Glacier avalanche|Siachen survivor Lance Naik Hanumanthappa]] at Army’s Research & Referral Hospital, in New Delhi on 9 February 2016. The Chief of Army Staff, General Dalbir Singh is also seen.]]

=== Leadership ===
Commandant of Army Hospital (R&R):
* 2011 – Lt Gen K K Singh<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Suman|date=8 May 2012|title=20 Probationer Nurses Commissioned Into Military Nursing Service|url=https://www.chindits.org/2012/05/20-probationer-nurses-commissioned-into.html|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Chindits|language=en}}</ref>
* 2012 – Lt Gen AS Narula<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 2012|others=PIB (DW)|title=Lamp Lighting Ceremony|url=http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2012/dec16-12/h16.htm|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Sainik Samachar}}</ref>
* 2014 – Lt Gen M K Unni<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 2014|title=Noble Profession|url=http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2014/dec01-14/Sainik%20E-book%20English%20HTML%201-15%20December/files/basic-html/page18.html|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Sainik Samachar}}</ref>
* 2017 – Lt Gen A K Das<ref name=":2" />
* 2018 – Lt Gen U K Sharma<ref name=":0" />
* 2019 – Lt Gen Rajat Datta
*[https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2020/8/1/Lt-Gen-Joy-Chatterjee-is-new-Commandant-of-Army-Hospital-R-R-.html 2020 - Lt Gen Joy Chatterjee]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Army Hospital (Research & Referral) Archives|url=https://newsstation.media/tag/army-hospital-research-referral/|access-date=2021-10-18|website=News Station|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite twitter |number=1410496944393179136 |title=On #NationalDoctorsDay, @FFOIndia has sent boxes of Tiranga🇮🇳 wristbands, lapel pins & masks to doctors at the Indian Army’s R&R Hospital as a token of our gratitude. Our CEO Maj Gen Ashim Kohli (retd) presented the boxes to the Commandant, Lt Gen Joy Chatterjee, VSM. @adgpi |user=ffoindia |access-date=2021-10-18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=29 nursing cadets commissioned as Lieutenants into Military Nursing Service|url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1763881|access-date=2021-10-18|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

== College of Nursing ==
Nursing students from '''College of Nursing, Army Hospital (R&R)''' are commissioned into the [[Military Nursing Service]] (MNS) as lieutenants. After being posted into the MNS, the lieutenants would go on to be posted across the nation in various [[List of Armed Forces Hospitals In India|Armed Forces Hospitals]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=25 September 2019|title=Commissioning ceremony of 2nd batch of B Sc (H) Nursing College of Nursing, Army Hospital (R&R) Delhi Cantt|url=http://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1586181|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Press Information Bureau (pib.gov.in)}}</ref> The first batch graduated on 24 August 2018 with a B Sc (H) Nursing degree,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-25|title=commissioning ceremony of first batch of BSC nursing college of nursing, army hospital (R&R)|url=https://www.punekarnews.in/commissioning-ceremony-of-first-batch-of-bsc-nursing-college-of-nursing-army-hospital-rr/|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Punekar News|language=en-US}}</ref> while the second batch of 27 nursing students were commissioned on 25 September 2019.<ref name=":1" /> In 2017, the 58th batch of Probationer Nurses consisting of 28 nurses were commissioned into the MNS.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Wakankar|first=Nitin|date=2017|title=Probationer Nurses Commissioned into MNS|url=http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2017/jun16-17/h12.htm|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Sainik Samachar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Commandant, Army Hospital (R&R), Lt. Gen. A.S. Narula in a group photograph with...|url=https://www.sarkarimirror.com/the-commandant-army-hospital-rr-lt-gen-a-s-narula-in-a-group-photograph-with-the-newly-commissioned-lieutenants-at-the-commissioning-ceremony-of-the-54th-batch-of-probationer-nurses-school-o|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Sarkari Mirror|language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Commons category}}
* [[List of Armed Forces Hospitals In India]]
* [[Command Hospital]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Military hospitals in India]]

Kotli Surat Malhi

2025-09-01T13:34:01Z

RomanStrock4259: general rework section for clarity additionally

{{Orphan|date=February 2019}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kotli Surat Malhi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = [[Dera Baba Nanak]]
| subdivision_type4 = Region
| subdivision_name4 = [[Majha]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric


| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_blank2_title = Total Households
| population_blank2 = 634
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 3362 1777/1585 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| population_density_km2 =
| population_note =
| population_blank1_title = Scheduled Castes
| population_blank1 = 1089 556/533 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title2 =
| demographics1_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_total_ha = 774
| area_code_type = Telephone
| area_code = 01871<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2018-04-18|title=Telephone directory of Gurdaspur district|url=http://gurdaspur.nic.in/html/telephone_directory.htm|website=gurdaspur.nic.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214111246/http://gurdaspur.nic.in/html/telephone_directory.htm|archive-date=14 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| registration_plate =
| iso_code = IN-PB
| blank1_name_sec2 =
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|gurdaspur.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kotli Surat Malhi''' is a village in [[Dera Baba Nanak]] in [[Gurdaspur district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] [[States and territories of India|State]], India. It is located {{convert|12|km}} from sub district headquarter and {{convert|55|km}} from district headquarter. The village is [[Administration (government)|administrated]] by [[Sarpanch]] an elected representative of the village.

== Demography ==
{{as of|2011}}, the village has a total number of 634 houses and a population of 3,362 of which 1,777 are males while 1,585 are females.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_Village_Release_0300.xlsx|title=DCHB Village Release|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}</ref> According to the report [[published]] by [[Census India]] in 2011, out of the total population of the village 1,089 people are from [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Schedule Caste]] and the village does not have any [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Schedule Tribe]] population so far.<ref name=census /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=103437|title=Child Sex Ratio in India (2001-2011)|work=pib.nic.in}}</ref>

==Education==
{{Cleanup list|section|date=November 2023}}
The list of major [[educational institutions]] in Kotli Surat Malhi is given below.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://webconte.com/schools/punjab/gurdaspur/dera_baba_nanak/cluster/kotli_surat_malhi | title=Schools in Kotli Surat Malhi Cluster, Gurdaspur }}</ref>
*[[Saint Francis Convent School, Kotli Surat Malhi]]<ref>https://sfcskotli.com/</ref>
*[[Dashmesh Senior Secondary School]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.icbse.com/schools/dasmesh-ss-sch-kotli-surat-mali-p9e59 | title=Dasmesh Ss SCH. Kotli Surat Mali Senior Secondary School, Gurdaspur - Reviews, Fees, Admissions and Address 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://schools.org.in/gurdaspur/03010508602/dasmesh-ss-sch-kotli-surat-malhi.html | title=DASMESH SS SCH. KOTLI SURAT MALHI - Kotli Suratmali District Gurdaspur (Punjab) }}</ref>
*[[Government Senior Secondary School Kotli Surat Malhi]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://webconte.com/school/gsss_kotli_surat_malhi,_kotli_suratmali_97sc3 | title=GSSS Kotli Surat Malhi School, Kotli Suratmali, Gurdaspur }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of villages in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.punjabtourism.gov.in/ Tourism of Punjab]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180804201629/http://punjabcensus.gov.in/ Census of Punjab]

{{Gurdaspur district}}

{{coord missing|Punjab (India)}}

[[Category:Villages in Gurdaspur district]]

{{Gurdaspur-geo-stub}}

Chabua Air Force Station

2025-08-16T12:38:23Z

RomanStrock4259: reworked section per sources and cleaned formatting after review

{{Short description|Air Force base in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Chabua Air Force Station
| ensign = [[File:Roundel of India.svg|60px]]
| image = Chabuaaf-1944.jpg
| image-width = 250
| caption = The base in 1944
| IATA =
| ICAO = VECA
| type = Military
| owner =
| operator = [[Indian Air Force]]
| location = [[Chabua]], [[Assam]], [[India]]
| elevation-f = 367
| elevation-m = 112
| coordinates = {{Coord|27|27|44|N|095|07|05|E|type:airport}}
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_label = '''VECA'''
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Chabua Air Force Station, India
| website =
| metric-rwy = y
| r1-number = 05/23
| r1-length-f = 9,003
| r1-length-m = 2,744
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| footnotes =
}}
{{OSM Location map
| coord = {{coord|27|27|46|N|95|07|06|E}} 
| float = right 
| zoom = 10
| width = 255
| height = 255
| caption = {{center| Chabua Air Force Station near Arunachal Pradesh }}

| label = Chabua Air Force Station
| mark-title = Chabua Air Force Station
| mark-description = Chabua Air Force Station
| mark-coord = {{coord|27|27|46|N|95|07|06|E}}
| mark = Green pog.svg 
| mark-size = 10
| mark-image =
| label-size = 10
| label-color = dark grey
| label-pos = right
| shape =
| shape-color =
| shape-outline =
}}

'''Chabua Air Force Station''' {{airport codes||VECA}} is an [[Indian Air Force]] base located at [[Chabua]] of [[Dibrugarh]] district in the [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Assam]], [[India]].

==History==
===US Air Force===
This Base was built in 1939. During [[World War II]] it was a major supply point for the ferrying of supplies to Generalissimo [[Chiang Kai-shek]]'s forces in and around [[Kunming, China]]. This was known as "[[Flying the Hump]]".

The [[Burma Campaign|Japanese occupation of Burma]] in 1942 had cut off the [[Burma Road]], the last land route by which the Allies could deliver aid to the Chinese Government of Chiang Kai-shek. Until the [[Burma Road]] could be retaken and the [[Ledo Road]] completed, the only supply route available was the costly and dangerous route for transport planes over the Himalayas between India's [[Assam Valley]] and Kunming, China. This route became known as the [[Himalayan Hump]] or simply [[The Hump]].

Operated initially by the [[United States Army Air Forces]] Ferrying Command (later [[Air Transport Command (United States Air Force)|Air Transport Command]]) China Ferrying Command (later ATC India China Wing). The 1st Ferrying (later Transport) Group operated three squadrons of [[C-47 Skytrain]] and [[C-46 Commando]] aircraft from Chabua. The airfield was also an important layover stop of the ATC [[Karachi]]-[[Kunming]] air transport route. Flights operated west to [[Agra Airport]], [[Willingdon Airfield]] ([[New Delhi]]), [[Gaya Airport]], [[Assam]] ([[Borjhar Airport]]) and east into [[Dali Airport]], and [[Kunming, China|Kunming]] ([[Wujiaba Airport]]) in [[China]]

While the route kept the transports relatively free from enemy attack (Enemy action destroyed only seven aircraft, killing 13 men) it led over rugged terrain, through violent storms, with snow and ice at the higher altitudes the planes flew over the mountains. Flying the Himalayan Hump would turn out to be some of the most dangerous flying in the world. Over the course of action there were 460 aircraft and 792 men lost. Still, the operations were a success. There were 167,285 trips that moved 740,000 tons of material to support Chinese troops and other Allied forces.

In addition to the ATC transport units, elements of the [[Tenth Air Force]] [[380th Bombardment Group]], [[375th Bombardment Squadron]] operated [[B-24 Liberator]]s from the airfield, flying long range bombardment missions into [[Burma]], south [[China]], [[Thailand]] ([[Bangkok]]) and well as [[French Indochina]] ([[Haiphong]]). A total of 8 B-24s were lost. Also the B-24s were used to ferry aircraft fuel into China.

== Indian Air Force ==
The airfield was abandoned after World War II. IAF commenced operations from this airfield in 1962 amid increased tensions with China and following the [[annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China]]. Initially Dakotas and Vampires, later Hunters, Otters and Mi-4 helicopters commenced air operations from Chabua air base. In the mid-seventies, subsequent to the runway upgradation and renovation.

=== Squadrons ===
[[No. 102 Squadron IAF]]

No. 14 Wing

==See also==

* [[Air Transport Command (United States Air Force)|Air Transport Command]]

==References==
<references />
* {{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
* Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. {{ISBN|0-89201-092-4}}.
* {{GCM|VECA}}

==External links==
{{Commons-inline}}
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/chabua.htm Chabua Air Force Base] at GlobalSecurity.org
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070910030113/http://www.usaaf.net/ww2/airlift/airliftpg7.htm
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070730081323/http://warren421.home.comcast.net/history.html

{{Airports in India}}
{{USAAF 10th Air Force World War II}}

{{Indian Air Force}}

[[Category:Indian Air Force bases]]
[[Category:Transport in Dibrugarh]]
[[Category:Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in British India]]
[[Category:Airports in Assam]]
[[Category:Military airbases established in 1939]]
[[Category:1939 establishments in India]]
[[Category:World War II sites in India]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Tilauti

2025-07-11T14:59:26Z

RomanStrock4259:

{{short description|Indian village in Aurangabad district, Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{no references|date=July 2025}}
'''Tillauti''' is a village in [[Aurangabad district, Bihar]], India. The village has a population of about more than 1,000 people.

==Geography==
Tillauti lies between [[Punpun river]] from the west, Deohara in the south, Madar river in north, and forest in east.

Post of Tillauti is [[Shekhpura]] and the police station is in Shekhpura.

==History==

Local people say that this village has Nakti Bhavani temple on the banks of Madar River where many saints offer pooja to Nakti Bhavani.
During the Hindu month of Karthi, mela will be held on the banks of Madar. thousands of people come and offer their prayer.

==Markets==

[[Deohara]] is the local market of this village which lies 3 km from Tillauti, the village is connected with road and power supply.
Deohara is a village in Goh sub-division of the Aurangabad district.

[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Tilauti,+Bihar,+India/@24.9837064,84.547939,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x398d182d5d8a2841:0xda00d1e8ceb061a9!8m2!3d24.9862282!4d84.5667672?hl=en-GB]

{{coord|24|59|N|84|34|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Villages in Aurangabad district, Bihar]]

Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii

2025-07-08T23:13:03Z

RomanStrock4259: started first data first draft.

{{Short description|Indian medical drama}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Dhadkan_Zindaggi_Kii.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Medical drama]]
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| creator = Nilanjana Purkayasstha
| based_on = [[Dhadkan (TV series)|Dhadkan]]
| writer =
| story = Lakshmi Jayakumar
| screenplay = Shakti Sagar Chopra
| list_episodes =
| theme_music_composer = Nakash Aziz, Sargam Jassu
| open_theme = Teri Dhadkan
| end_theme =
| composer = Nakash Aziz, Sargam Jassu
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 75  
| director = Arif Ali
| creative_director =
| executive_producer = Nilanjana Purkayasstha
| cinematography = Anil Katke, Aunil Jadhav
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 40-47 minutes
| company = Invictus T Mediaworks [[Sony Pictures Networks India#Studio NEXT|Studio NEXT]]
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]] [[SonyLIV]]
| producer = Herumb Khot
| editor = Satya Sharma
| first_aired = {{Start date|2021|12|06|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|03|04|df=yes}}
| related = [[Dhadkan (TV series)]]
}}
'''''Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii''''' ({{Translation|''HeartBeat Of Life''}}) is an Indian [[medical drama]] television series that stars [[Additi Gupta]], [[Rohit Purohit]], Vidyut Xavier as the main protagonists with Alma Hussein, Nishant Singh, Raghav Dhirr, Kaushik Chakravorty and [[Ashwin Mushran]] as the supporting cast.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Additi Gupta on Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii: The show is about the "why" factor of how women are not given the authority to choose their own careers and chase their dreams like men|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/additi-gupta-on-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-the-show-is-about-the-why-factor-of-how-women-are-not-given-the-authority-to-choose-their-own-careers-and-chase-their-dreams-like-men/articleshow/88145060.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=7 December 2021|access-date=27 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=7 December 2021|title=Rohit Purohit Opens Up On His Return To TV With 'Dhadkan Zindagii Kii'|url=https://www.koimoi.com/television/rohit-purohit-opens-up-on-his-return-to-tv-with-dhadkan-zindagii-kii/}}</ref> The show aired from 6 December 2021 to 4 March 2022 on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/viewership/sony-india-premiers-new-show-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-211207|title=Sony India premiers new show – 'Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii'|date=7 December 2021|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref> and was produced by Nilanjana Purkayasstha under Invictus T Mediaworks.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii producer Nilanjana Purakayasstha: I wish to cast Divyanka Tripathi in future, she's on my wish list |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-producer-nilanjana-purakaysstha-i-wish-to-cast-divyanka-tripathi-in-future-shes-on-my-wish-list/articleshow/88435292.cms|website=The Times of India|date=22 December 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nilanjana Purkayasstha talks about the success of 'Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii'|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/nilanjana-purkayasstha-talks-about-the-success-of-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-351406|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref>

== Plot ==

Dr. Deepika Sinha, a beacon of dedication and passion for medicine, has gracefully assumed the role of Chief Resident at F.M.S Hospital. Her unwavering commitment to her profession has led her to leave behind the comforts of family and love. Tasked with guiding a team of junior residents – the spirited Abhay, vivacious Sia, scholarly Piroz, and ambitious Wasim – Dr. Sinha's journey unfolds amidst a tapestry of dreams, challenges, and unexpected connections.

Abhay, nursing a complex resentment towards his father, aspires to become a Cardiothoracic surgeon. Sia, a lively heiress, dreams of becoming a plastic surgeon. Piroz, a medical prodigy yearning for companionship, has yet to decide on his specialization. Wasim, hailing from humble origins, seeks to dispel judgments quickly formed and dreams of establishing a clinic in his slum.

Amid the collaborative efforts of this diverse team, Dr. Sinha forges deep connections, especially with Abhay, who finds himself captivated by her. As the hospital establishes an Emergency department, Dr. Sinha is confronted with her past when her ex-fiancé, Dr. Vikrant Saxena, assumes the role of ER head. A tumultuous affair ensues, causing ripples of discomfort, especially for Aditi, Vikrant's wife.

Despite the emotional turmoil, Deepika navigates through the complexities of her personal and professional life. Aditi's tragic demise becomes a turning point, with Vikrant blaming Deepika and suffering from PTSD. A new friendship blossoms between Deepika and Nikhil Sardesai, a patient who aids in restoring her lost confidence. The duo's camaraderie evolves, leading Deepika to become the new ER head.

As relationships intertwine and evolve, Deepika decides to take a chance on love with Nikhil, juggling the delicate balance between work and personal life. Vikrant, burdened by guilt, eventually leaves his medical career. Abhay and Wasim embark on new paths, while Piroz finds love in Isha, a fellow resident. Sia discovers solace in Dr. Sameer Roy after failed relationships.

With the arrival of new residents and the recovery of Vikrant, the story unfolds with resilience and determination. Deepika, overcoming hurdles, efficiently manages the ER. Letting go of her past, she embraces a fresh start, culminating in a joyous union with Nikhil. Their marriage becomes a celebration of resilience, inspiring those around them to pursue and achieve their dreams. The show concludes with a jubilant dance, symbolizing triumph over challenges and the enduring spirit of pursuing one's aspirations.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Additi Gupta]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dhadkan-zindaggi-kiis-additi-gupta-ive-never-faced-gender-disparity-but-donning-the-role-of-dr-deepika-feels-like-i-am-standing-in-front-of-a-very-different-world-for-women/articleshow/88340666.cms|title=Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii's Additi Gupta: I've never faced gender disparity but donning the role of Dr Deepika feels like I am standing in front of a very different world for women |website=The Times of India|date=17 December 2021 }}</ref> as Dr. Deepika Sinha (senior surgeon, former chief resident and new ER head): Vikrant's ex-fiancé & love interest, Abhay's close friend and Nikhil's wife.
* [[Rohit Purohit]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/dhadkan-zindaggi-kiis-rohit-purohit-its-a-subtle-show-unlike-the-larger-than-life-dramas/videoshow/88260914.cms|title=Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii's Rohit Purohit: It's a subtle show, unlike the larger than life dramas | TV Videos|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> as Dr. Vikrant Saxena (senior surgeon and former ER head): Deepika's ex fiancé & love interest; Aditi's husband; Suman's brother
*[[Vidyut Xavier]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vidyut Xavier roped-in for upcoming show Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/vidyut-xavier-roped-in-for-upcoming-show-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-344820|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> as Dr. Abhay Sathe (surgeon and junior resident): Sia's ex-boyfriend; Deepika's unrequited lover.

===Recurring===
* Alma Hussein<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/alma-hussein-talks-about-her-tv-debut-in-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii/articleshow/88052462.cms|title=Alma Hussein talks about her TV debut in 'Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii' |website=The Times of India|date=2 December 2021 }}</ref> as Dr. Sia Advani (surgeon and junior resident): Abhay's and Wasim's ex-girlfriend; Sameer's girlfriend
* Raghav Dhirr as Dr. Piroz Murgiwala (surgeon and junior resident): Isha's boyfriend; Meera's ex-boyfriend
* Nishant Singh as Dr. Wasim Ansari (surgeon and junior resident): Sia's ex-boyfriend
* [[Sid Makkar]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Exclusive! I will play a feminist in Dhadkan and I identify with this character: Sid Makkar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-will-play-a-feminist-in-dhadkan-and-i-identify-with-this-character-sid-makkar/articleshow/88276700.cms |website=The Times of India|date=14 December 2021 }}</ref> as Nikhil Sardesai, a wealthy businessman, CEO of NSM (Nikhil Sardesai Meditech) and Deepika's husband.
* Meghna Kukreja as Dr. Isha Chakravorty (surgeon and junior resident): PC's niece; Piroz's girlfriend
* Niranjan Namjoshi<ref name=":nn">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/niranjan-namjoshi-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-not-a-show-with-set-formula/articleshow/88259712.cms|title=Niranjan Namjoshi: 'Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii' not a show with set formula |website=The Times of India|date=13 December 2021 }}</ref> as Dr. Amin Ali (senior surgeon)
* [[Benaf Dadachandji]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/benaf-dadachanji-after-packup-i-instantly-become-a-mother-from-an-actor/articleshow/87933382.cms|title=Benaf Dadachanji: After packup, I instantly become a mother from an actor |website=The Times of India|date=26 November 2021 }}</ref> as Dr. Aditi Saxena (senior pathologist): Vikrant's wife (Dead)
* Kaushik Chakravorty as Dr. Pranav Chakravorty aka PC (senior surgeon and Director of Medicine at FMS): Deepika's mentor; Isha's uncle.
* [[Ashwin Mushran]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/ashwin-mushran-opens-up-on-his-role-in-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-352630|title=Ashwin Mushran opens up on his role in Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> as Jamshed Sheriar (owner of FMS Hospital)
* Krishna Shetty as Dr. Sameer Roy (senior plastic surgeon and head of Plastic Surgery): Sia's boyfriend; Tania's uncle
* Mansi Patel as Nurse Madhavi (head nurse)
* Sanyogita Bhave as Girija Sathe: Abhay's mother; Vinayak's ex-wife
* Raja Sevak as Dr. Vinayak Paranspare (senior cardio surgeon): Abhay's father; Girija's ex-husband
* Tanu Vidyarthi as Suman Saxena: Vikrant's sister
* [[Urmila Tiwari]] as Dr. Gayatri Singh (senior gynaecologist)
* Rajesh Kamboj as Dr. Khanna (senior surgeon and head of General Surgery)
* Smita Dongre as Dr. Namrata Sharma (senior psychologist and head of Psychology Department)
* Ssivanyi Thakor as Nurse Meena
* [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm14906272 Devanggana Chauhan] as Dr. Devangana Mishra (senior surgeon and new chief resident): Deepika's college friend; Namit's ex-wife
* Vishesh Sharma as Dr. Veer Mehra (surgeon and junior resident)
* Kaajal Pattil as Dr. Divya Deshmukh (ex-junior resident)
* Unknown as Meera: Piroz's ex-girlfriend; Isha's friend
* Unknown as Namit, Devangana's ex-husband

== Episodes ==

{{Episode table |background=000000|overall= |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-1700000827/episodes|title=Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii Episode|website=www.sonyliv.com}}</ref>|country=In |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = History
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|06|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Dr. Deepika Sinha sets off on a journey to pursue a successful career in the medical field ridden with patriarchy and to disprove the beliefs of her loved ones, colleagues, and society.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Amputation
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|07|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = On her first day at work, Deepika faces a tough situation as she has to amputate Razina's hand. However, Abhay and Jamshed oppose her decision.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Diagnosis
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika is in a dilemma when Razina threatens to commit suicide. On the other hand, Abhay uncovers information about Deepika's past.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Prognosis
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|09|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika risks her career to save Abhay's mother's life despite Abhay's plans to use her past against her. On the other hand, Jamshed calls a meeting to decide Deepika's future at the hospital.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Perfect Storm
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika is asked to handle the case of Sushil but she feels that she has missed something during diagnosis.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Revival
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|13|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Later she seeks help from her team to take care of Sushil. Deepika struggles to cope with the loss of one of the twins, Sushil.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = God Complex
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|14|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = After some time, Deepika asks her team members to diagnose Sunder.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Emergency
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika asks Abhay to perform a surgery on his own after much deliberation. On the other hand, Jamshed rejects Deepika's emergency room proposal.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|Title = Crashing
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|16|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika starts a signature campaign to get approval to start an emergency room at the hospital. However, she soon realizes that it is not so easy to bring about a change.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|Title = Relapse
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|17|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika and her team try their best to save lives under distress. In the meantime, the hospital is attacked by miscreants.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11
|Title = Vulnerable
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika is asked to lead the new emergency room by her manager. However, Jamshed suggests bringing in Dr. Vikrant Saxena for the new role.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|Title = Immuno-Compromised
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika is overwhelmed with work on the first day of the launch of her emergency room. However, she is left stunned when she sees Vikrant in the emergency room.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13
|Title = Cytokine Storm
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = The committee is forced to choose between Deepika and Vikrant for the emergency room. Meanwhile, Deepika works tirelessly to save patients.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 14
|Title = Infected
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vikrant proves to be a thorn in Deepika's life as he constantly opposes her decisions. Meanwhile, Deepika tries her best to keep her calm.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 15
|Title = Deepika's Birthday
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika races against time to diagnose a new illness that is spreading across the hospital. Meanwhile, Vikrant offers to befriend Deepika but he faces opposition from Dr. Abhay Sathe.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 16
|Title = No Cure For Love
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|27|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Abhay and Vikrant come up with a plan to wish Deepika on her birthday. Meanwhile, Abhay and Vikrant learned that Deepika has not spoken to her family for ten years.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 17
|Title = Moral Dilemma
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Madhavi informs Deepika and Vikrant about Nalini Gujral's case. In the meantime, Abhay decides to profess his love for Deepika through a message.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 18
|Title = Support System
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|29|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Abhay speaks with Siya's father and advises him to tell her the truth. In the meantime, Vikrant and Deepika share their opinions on the significance of having children.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 19
|Title = Engagement
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|30|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika informs Ramesh that his kidney will have to be removed. Later, Ramesh requests Abhay and Sia to get engaged for his sake.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 20
|Title = Proxy Leader
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|31|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = While Vikrant suggests that an operation take place, Deepika recommends tests. Later, Vikrant embraces Deepika, leaving Abhay shocked.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 21
|Title = Addiction
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = An irritated Deepika tells Vikrant that she no longer loves him. Later, Vikrant injects a liquid into his body using a syringe.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 22
|Title = Over Dose
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|04|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Abhay meets Deepika and questions her about the missing drugs. In the meantime, Deepika suspects Vikrant of consuming drugs.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 23
|Title = Human Psychology
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|05|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika is shocked when she finds Vikrant lying unconscious in the car. Later, she confronts Vikrant and questions him about his addiction.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 24
|Title = Head Trauma
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|06|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika tries her best to convince Vikrant to stay away from the hospital. However, a visibly fuming Vikrant decides to take a drastic step.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 25
|Title = Detox
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|07|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika tries her best to put some sense into Vikrant but to no avail. On the other hand, Ansari finds it difficult to handle the resident doctors.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 26
|Title = Track Record
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vikrant is sent to the rehabilitation facility to get rid of his addiction. Later, Vikrant asks the attenders to allow him to call Deepika.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 27
|Title = Relinking
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika is taken aback when she sees Vikrant in a miserable condition. On the other hand, Abhay is forced to perform a complicated procedure all by himself.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 28
|Title = A Matter Of The Heart
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|12|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Abhay takes Deepika by surprise when he confesses his feelings for her. At the emergency room, Ali asks the residents to handle three patients together.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 29
|Title = Toxic
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|13|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = As a result of Vikrant's reckless behavior, Deepika falls into trouble. Elsewhere, Abhay tries to figure out the reason for Vikrant's addiction.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 30
|Title = Polyamory
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|14|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vikrant lashes out at Abhay when he learns a shocking truth about him. Elsewhere, Deepika struggles to handle her emotions.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 31
|Title = Torment
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|17|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vikrant Confronts Abhay and their confrontation lead to an ugly argument.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 32
|Title = Pain Killer
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Meanwhile, Deepika is left stunned when she sees Vikrant and Abhay fighting.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 33
|Title = Shock To The System
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|19|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = An intoxicated Abhay decides to go to Deepika's house where he demands to know the truth about her relationship status with Vikrant.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 34
|Title = Denial
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika's fleeting moments of happiness with Vikrant come to an end when his wife, Aditi, arrives in Mumbai to surprise him.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 35
|Title = Drowning
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika however refuses to be the reason for Vikrant and Aditi's break-up. Later, Vikrant is shocked when Aditi does not acknowledge their marital issues.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 36
|Title = False Hope
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika lashes out at Abhay when he asks her to eat something while Vikrant is away.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 37
|Title = Imbalance
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|25|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Meanwhile, Vikrant is shocked as his wife Aditi gets a job at Fardoon Mehrzad Sherrier (FMS) Hospital.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 38
|Title = Aggressive Approach
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|26|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Dr. Aditi attempts to force Deepika's patient into a clinical trial. Dr. Deepika stands up for her patient but Aditi ends up getting personal.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 39
|Title = Karma
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|27|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Aditi lashes out at Deepika when Vikrant supports Deepika's line of treatment.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 40
|Title = Personal Hell
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = After some time, a visibly furious Vikrant decides to confront Aditi.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 41
|Title = Insecurity
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|01|31|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman lashes out at Deepika after Aditi sees her hugging Vikrant. Elsewhere, Abhay informs Vikrant about the incident involving Suman and Deepika.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 42
|Title = Troubled Waters
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika breathes a sigh of relief when her mentor takes a stand for her. On the other hand, Aditi tries her best to keep Vikrant by her side while she is injured.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 43
|Title = Apnea
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Aditi pleads in front of Deepika and asks her to request Vikrant not to leave her. In the meantime, Deepika learns a shocking truth about Aditi and Vikrant's past.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 44
|Title = Skin-Deep
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vikrant makes elaborate arrangements for his date with Deepika. Meanwhile, Abhay learns that Madhavi is a victim of domestic abuse.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 45
|Title = Weakness
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|04|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vikrant loses his cool when Deepika calls off her relationship with him. In order to exact revenge on Deepika, Vikrant bans her from working in the emergency room.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 46
|Title = Underdog
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|07|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika tries her best to convince the board members of Fardoon Mehrzad Sherrier (FMS) Hospital to let her hire some juniors.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 47
|Title = Mind Games
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = However, Jamshed supports Vikrant and refuses to allow Deepika to hire new doctors.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 48
|Title = Safe Space
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|09|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = When a photograph of Deepika and Abhay gets circulated, Deepika is asked to prove her innocence. Meanwhile, Vikrant asks Wasim to testify against Deepika.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 49
|Title = Underhanded
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vikrant asks Wasim to convince Sia to testify against Deepika during her hearing. However, Sia reveals the truth in front of the board members.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 50
|Title = Evolution
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = The nurses in Deepika's department support her when she stands up against Vikrant. After some time, Vikrant unleashes his fury on Aditi.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 51
|Title = Regrets
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|14|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika is taken aback when she sees car crash victim Aditi in the emergency room.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 52
|Title = Flatlining
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = After some time, Deepika decices to report the same to Vikrant. Meanwhile, Vikrant accuses Deepika for not saving Aditi.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 53
|Title = Reboot
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|16|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = After Aditi's death, Vikrant struggles to come to terms with his guilt. On the other hand, Deepika gets an interesting patient to deal with.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 54
|Title = Self Doubt
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|17|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vikrant coerces Deepika into questioning her own surgical skills. Meanwhile, Nikhil is left impressed by Deepika's intelligence and asks her to be his surgeon.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 55
|Title = Self Confidence
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Nikhil helps Deepika to realise that she was not wrong with her diagnosis. Meanwhile, Abhay supports Madhvi when she finally decides to take a stand against her husband.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 56
|Title = Jinxed
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 57
|Title = Delirium
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 58
|Title = Breakdown
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 59
|Title = PTSD
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 60
|Title = Hypertension
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 61
|Title = Reconstruction
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 62
|Title = Blunder
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 63
|Title = Saviour Complex
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 64
|Title = Ethereal
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|25|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 65
|Title = Promotion
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|25|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 66
|Title = Infusion
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 67
|Title = Advice
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 68
|Title = Side Effect
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 69
|Title = Pattern
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 70
|Title = Wilting
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 71
|Title = Detached
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 72
|Title = Transplant
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 73
|Title = Stress Test
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 74
|Title = Life Support
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|04|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 75
|Title = Future
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|03|04|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Deepika and Nikhil marry after a year long relationship while Wasim and Abhay are doing well in their careers. Piroz-Isha and Sia-Sameer are also happy together. Thus the show ends on a happy note.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

}}

==Production==
===Development===
''Dhadkan'' is a spin-off of the 2002 series [[Dhadkan (TV series)|of the same name]]. The series was initially planned with 65 episodes, but later was extended by ten more episodes, for a total of 75 episodes till 4 March.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/television-show-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-to-go-off-air/articleshow/89996773.cms|title=Television show 'Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii' to go off air |website=The Times of India|date=4 March 2022 }}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[Additi Gupta]], [[Rohit Purohit]] and Vidyut Xavier were cast as the leads. In May 2021, [[Ashwin Mushran]] and Kaushik Chakravorty were confirmed to be cast in main roles. Later that month, Alma Hussein, Raghav Dhirr and Nishant Singh joined the cast.

During the latter part of the show, Meghna Kukreja, [[Sid Makkar]] and Krishna Shetty joined the show in pivotal roles.

=== Training ===
{{blockquote|"It's intriguing and thrilling. When I started working on 'Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii', it was not easy, unlike some of my earlier shows here things have to be kept quite natural and subtle. It had to look like we're doctors and not actors who are playing the role of doctors. So, basically it was challenging, medical terms were difficult, also how dealing with a patient needs to look authentic was tough."|[[Rohit Purohit]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/in-the-doc-rohit-purohit-on-how-he-got-medical-terms-right-for-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii/articleshow/88406864.cms|title=In The Doc: Rohit Purohit on how he got medical terms right for 'Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii' |website=The Times of India|date=21 December 2021 }}</ref>}}

{{blockquote|"It gives a lot of scope to experiment since it's an unconventional show. Plus, we are expected to do surgical procedures, learn the medical terms. The script is supervised by actual doctors, so it's hundred per cent authentic. It's challenging to make all of it a part of your act. But how boring it will be if there are no challenges? I'm loving every bit of it,"|Niranjan Namjoshi}}

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] commenced in June 2021 with the lead actors in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-cast-bid-farewell-hot-news-1510236|title='Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii' cast bid farewell | Hot News|date=1 February 2022|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>

Lead actors [[Additi Gupta]] and [[Rohit Purohit]] announced the wrap up of "Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii" in [[Mumbai]] through an [[Instagram]] post on 1 February 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/additi-gupta-and-rohit-purohit-share-heartwarming-notes-as-their-medical-drama-show-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-wraps-up/articleshow/89279343.cms|title=Additi Gupta and Rohit Purohit share heartwarming notes as their medical drama show Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii wraps up |website=The Times of India|date=February 2022 }}</ref>

===Release===
Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii was a long-awaited project on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]. The first promo of the show was unveiled on 11 November 2021, featuring the protagonists and revealing its release date.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/additi-gupta-makes-a-comeback-to-tv-with-medical-drama-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-watch-promo-1875682-2021-11-11|title=Additi Gupta makes a comeback to TV with medical drama Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii. Watch promo|first=Shweta |last=Keshri|date=11 November 2021|website=India Today}}</ref> It started telecasting from 6 December 2021 at the 10:00 PM time-slot by replacing ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati|Kaun Banega Crorepati Season 13]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CWGOUyQKTtz/|title=sonytvofficial • Instagram|website=www.instagram.com}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Sargam Jassu
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|2022||}}
| recorded = 2021
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = television series [[soundtrack]]
| length = 1:30
| label = [[Sony Pictures Networks India#Studio NEXT|Studio NEXT]]
| producer = Nilanjana Purkayasstha, Herumb Khot
| misc = {{External media | audio1 = }}
}}

'''Track list'''
{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 1:30
| title1 = Teri Dhadkan
| note1 = Title Track
| extra1 = [[Nakash Aziz]]
| length1 = 1:30
}}

==Reception==
''Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii'' received generally positive reviews from critics. Srividya Rajesh of ''IWM Buzz'' gave the show 4 out of 5 stars, praising the characters' backstories and the depiction of female doctors in a medical setting, though she questioned the hour-long duration of each episode.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rajesh |first=Srividya |date=14 December 2021 |title=Review of Sony TV's Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii: A Must-Watch In All Aspects |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/editorial/review-of-sony-tvs-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-a-must-watch-in-all-aspects/2021/12/14/amp |work=IWM Buzz |access-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218104314/https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/editorial/review-of-sony-tvs-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-a-must-watch-in-all-aspects/2021/12/14/amp |archive-date=18 December 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> In a review of the first episode for [[Pinkvilla]], Rasika Deshpande similarly felt that the show's strength was its focus on women's empowerment and applauded the performances of Gupta and Xavier.<ref>{{cite web |last=Deshpande |first=Rasika |date=7 December 2021 |title=Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii First Episode Review: Additi Gupta makes a perfect TV comeback |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-first-episode-review-additi-gupta-makes-perfect-tv-comeback-960198 |publisher=[[Pinkvilla]] |access-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129132924/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-first-episode-review-additi-gupta-makes-perfect-tv-comeback-960198 |archive-date=29 January 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Telly Express'' described the show as a "natural and smooth drama" and gave it 4.3 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 December 2001 |title=Sony TV's 'Dhadkan' is smooth and natural drama; a must watch show! |url=https://www.tellyexpress.com/sony-tvs-dhadkan-is-smooth-and-natural-drama-a-must-watch-show/ |work=Telly Express |access-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211085128/https://www.tellyexpress.com/sony-tvs-dhadkan-is-smooth-and-natural-drama-a-must-watch-show/ |archive-date=11 December 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Recipient
! Result
! Ref.
|-
|rowspan="4"|2022
|rowspan="4"|[[Indian Television Academy Awards|22nd Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|[[ITA Award for Best Actress Drama|Best Actress (Drama)]]
|[[Additi Gupta]]
|rowspan="3" {{Nominated}}
|rowspan="4"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=22nd Indian Television Academy Awards Nominations - Vote Now|access-date=9 September 2022|work=Indian Television Academy Awards|url=https://ita2022.indiantelevisionacademy.com/}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[ITA Award for Best Actor Drama|Best Actor (Drama)]]
|[[Rohit Purohit]]
|-
|Vidyut Xavier
|-
|[[ITA Award for Best Serial – Drama|Best Serial (Drama)]]
|Nilanjana Purkayasstha
| {{Won}}
|}

==See also==
*[[List of programs broadcast by Sony Entertainment Television]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|16218258}}
* [https://www.mxplayer.in/show/watch-dhadkan-zindaggi-kii-series-online-c76b051c3cbb5ae9e11fdc3c611f4b40 Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii] on [[MX Player]]
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/1700000827 Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} on [[SonyLIV]]
* [https://www.setindia.com/ae-en/shows/dhadkan-zindaggi-kii/88 Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii] on [[Sony Entertainment Television]]

{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}
{{Sony Entertainment Television India Shows|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Indian medical television series]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television series by Sony Pictures Television]]

Tai Nikio

2025-05-21T13:37:19Z

RomanStrock4259:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member]] of [[11th Arunachal Pradesh Assembly|Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1 June 2024
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Nyapin Assembly constituency|Nyapin]]
| predecessor = [[Bamang Felix]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_date = 1969
| birth_place =
}}

'''Tai Nikio''' is an Indian politician from [[Arunachal Pradesh]] belonging to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He is a member of the Legislative Assembly in the [[11th Arunachal Pradesh Assembly|11th Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. He won over [[People's Party of Arunachal|PPA]]'s candidate Tadar Mangku, getting 7896 votes.<ref name="Nyapin Assembly Election Result 2024: BJP's Tai Nikio wins">{{cite news |title=Nyapin Assembly Election Result 2024: BJP's Tai Nikio wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/nyapin-assembly-election-results-2024-nyapin-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110633486.cms |access-date=21 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521124313/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/nyapin-assembly-election-results-2024-nyapin-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110633486.cms |archive-date=21 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Elections 2024: Nyapin constituency result">{{cite news |title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Elections 2024: Nyapin constituency result |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/arunachal-pradesh/arunachal-pradesh-assembly-elections-2024-nyapin-constituency-result-3009584 |access-date=21 May 2025 |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521124429/https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/arunachal-pradesh/arunachal-pradesh-assembly-elections-2024-nyapin-constituency-result-3009584 |archive-date=21 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Nyapin">{{cite news |title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Nyapin |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0219.htm |access-date=21 May 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521124424/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0219.htm |archive-date=21 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="Nyapin (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024">{{cite news |title=Nyapin (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/nyapin |access-date=21 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521124334/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/nyapin |archive-date=21 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Battle between two former technocrats in Nyapin">{{cite news |title=Battle between two former technocrats in Nyapin |url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2024/04/13/battle-between-two-former-technocrats-in-nyapin/ |access-date=21 May 2025 |publisher=The Arunachal Times |date=13 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521130024/https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2024/04/13/battle-between-two-former-technocrats-in-nyapin/ |archive-date=21 May 2025}}</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nikio, Tai}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Arunachal Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{ArunachalPradesh-politician-stub}}

Indapur, Raigad

2025-05-11T19:26:56Z

RomanStrock4259: new first post more to come.

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Indapur
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| pushpin_label_position = right
|coordinates = {{coord|18|18|23|N|73|14|20|E|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ratnagiri district|Raigad]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = +5:30
| area_code = 02140
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
}}

'''Indapur''' is a village located on the [[National Highway 66 (India)|Mumbai-Goa Highway]] in India. Indapur comes under the [[Mangaon taluka|Mangaon]] taluka of [[Raigad district|Raigad]] district. Talashet is the [[gram panchayat]] of Indapur village. The sub-district headquarter Mangaon ([[tehsil]]dar office) is 10 km away and district headquarter [[Alibag]] is 73 km away.

== About Indapur ==
Indapur is quite well equipped with all the basic amenities as it is situated on highway. A weekly market is assembled on every Friday on Indapur-Tala road. The locality is a mixture of [[Adivasi]], farmers and small business peoples with prominent language being spoken is [[Marathi language|Marathi]]. Cleanliness and education programs are conducted on gram panchayat level to improve and promote [[quality of life]] and social development. The only college is G.M. Vedak Institute of Technology (affiliated to [[University of Mumbai]]), located on Indapur-Tala road.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GMVIT |url=https://www.gmvit.com/ |access-date=2024-07-26}}</ref>

India's first National Highway Steel Slag Road section on NH- 66 Mumbai-Goa National Highway was inaugurated in January 2024. A 1 km section of Indapur-Panvel was constructed by [[JSW Steel]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-13 |title=India's First National Highway Steel Slag Road section on NH- 66 Mumbai-Goa National Highway inaugurated |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1995906 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-14 |title=India's first National Highway Steel Slag road section on NH-66 Mumbai-Goa National Highway inaugurated! Know all about this groundbreaking eco-friendly initiative |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/roadways-india-gets-its-first-steel-slag-road-on-nh-66-mumbai-goa-national-highway-know-all-about-this-groundbreaking-eco-friendly-initiative-3364017/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]}}</ref> NHAI is upgrading Mumbai Goa up to 4 lanes. 84 km Panvel-Indapur stretch is being developed by NHAI, the remaining 355 km stretch is being widened by the state PWD.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tembhekar |first=Chittaranjan |date=2024-02-24 |title=It is around Rs 7300 crore and counting but completion of Goa highway work is far from sight |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/its-around-rs-7300-crore-and-counting-but-completion-of-goa-highway-work-is-far-from-sight/articleshow/107972193.cms |access-date=2024-07-25 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-11 |title=Mumbai-Goa Highway: 84-km stretch to be fully ready by December |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-goa-highway-84-km-stretch-to-be-fully-ready-by-december-9382271/ |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

'''Villages near Indapur'''

* Talashet
* [[Tala, Raigad|Tala]]
* Nilaj
* Wave Diwali
* Makti
* Potner
* Rudravali
* Nagroli
* Nivi
* Muthavali Tarf Tale
* Umaroli Diwali
* Kashene

== Nearby attractions ==

* [[Raigad Fort]]
* [[Mahabaleshwar]]
* [[Devkund Waterfall]]
* [[Kundalika River]]
* [[Murud-Janjira|Murud Janjira Fort]]
* Murud Beach
* Alibaug Beach
* [[Talagad]]
* [[Lavasa|Lavasa City]]
* [[Harihareshwar]]

== Connectivity ==

* [[Indapur railway station|Indapur Railway Station]]: 1.5 km<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://konkanrailway.com/english/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/System-map-12-08-2014.jpg|title=Konkan Railway System Map|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045017/http://konkanrailway.com/english/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/System-map-12-08-2014.jpg |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>
* Mangaon: 10 km
* [[Mumbai]]: 132 km
* [[Pune]]: 113 km

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Raigad district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Raigad district]]

Ranakdevi (1946 film)

2025-03-28T13:37:11Z

RomanStrock4259: added bio

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{for|1973 film|Ranakdevi (1973 film)}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ranakdevi
| image =
| caption = Poster
| director = V. M. Vyas
| producer = V. M. Vyas
| writer = V.M. Vyas, Mohanlal G. Dave (story), Karsandas Manek (dialogue)
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Bhagwandas
* Chhanalal Thakur
* Master Dhulia
* Anjana
* Motibai
* Dulari
* [[Nirupa Roy]]
}}
| music = Chhanalal Thakur
| cinematography = R. M. Rele<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />
| editing =
| studio = Sunrise Pictures<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />
| runtime = 123 minutes<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />
| country = India
| language = Gujarati
| released = {{Film date|1946}}
| based_on = Legend of [[Ranakadevi]]
| distributor =
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Ranakdevi''''' is a 1946 Indian [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] historical drama film written, directed and produced by V. M. Vyas. The film was based on the legend of [[Ranakadevi]].

==Plot==
[[Jayasimha Siddharaja|Siddhraj Jaysinh]] is a [[Solanki dynasty|Solanki]] ruler of [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]. He was childless and decided to conduct a worship of [[Shiva]] with his queens. [[Ranakadevi|Ranak]] is a daughter of Parmara of the [[Sindh]] and an adopted daughter of Hadmat Kumbhar of Majevadi village near [[Junagadh]]. Shrikanth Barot, his bard, arranges a mock marriage of Ranak with a sword of Jaysinh as he predicts she will be the mother of his child. Before the mock marriage, Junagadh king [[Khengara (12th century king)|Khengar]] abducts Ranak to avenge his father Navghan. Jaysinh attacks Junagadh and wins the battle with the aid of Deshal and Vishal, Khengar's nephews. He returns to Patan with Ranak but on their way, at [[Wadhwan]] on the banks of river Bhogavo, she commits [[sati (practice)|sati]] by burning herself on the funeral pyre.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />

==Cast==
The following actors were starred in the film:<ref name=":0" /><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />
* Anjana
* Motibai
* Dulari
* [[Nirupa Roy]]
* Lilavati
* Lila Jayawant
* Mallika
* Damayanti
* Chandrabala
* Amubai
* Sumati
* Daksha
* Kavita
* Bhagwandas
* Pande
* Chhanalal Thakur
* Natwarlal Chohan
* Master Dhulia
* Shyam
* Gangaram
* Gautam

==Production==
The film is based on the local folk legend of [[Ranakadevi]], a 12th century queen of [[Khengara (12th century king)|Khengara]], the [[Chudasama dynasty|Chudasama]] ruler of the [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] region of western India. In the film, the historical events were mixed with folk legends. The film was directed and produced by V. M. Vyas. The story was written by Mohanlal G. Dave while the script was written by V. M. Vyas. The dialogues were written by Karsandas Manek.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=Routledge |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-135-94325-7 |edition=Revised |pages=306}}</ref> Nirupa Roy made her debut as an actress in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-10-14 |title=Nirupa Roy passes away|website= Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nirupa-roy-passes-away/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Ranakdevi
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Chhanalal Thakur
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1946
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{url|https://www.saregama.com/album/ranakdevi-guj_1977|Saregama}}}}
}}

{{tracklist
| headline =Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
|all_music= Chhanalal Thakur<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />
|all_lyrics= Manaswi Prantijwala<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />

| title1 = Lakh Lakh Divdani Arati
| extra1 = Motibai, Chorus
| length1 = 2:20

| title2 = Mhare Te Gamde Ek Vaar Avjo (Rasdo)
| extra2 = Amirbai Karnataki, Chorus
| length2 = 3:24

| title3 = Ghani Khamma, Ghani Khamma, Mara Baludane Ghani Khamma
| extra3 = Rampyari
| length3 = 3:15

}}

==Release and reception==
The film was released in 1946. It was the only Gujarati film released that year. It was well received by the audience.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=રાણકદેવી|last=Raghuvanshi|first=Harish|language=gu|website=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]]|url=https://gujarativishwakosh.org/%e0%aa%b0%e0%aa%be%e0%aa%a3%e0%aa%95%e0%aa%a6%e0%ab%87%e0%aa%b5%e0%ab%80/}}</ref><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />

The film started a tradition of historical fiction films in Gujarati cinema.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014" />

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati films]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1946 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian folklore]]
[[Category:1940s Gujarati-language films]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]

Guilty Minds

2025-03-02T20:24:30Z

RomanStrock4259: started some stub w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian Hindi-language legal drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Guilty Minds Poster.jpg
| image_upright =
| caption = promotional poster
| genre = [[Legal drama]]

| creator = Shefali Bhushan
| based_on =
| story =
| writer = {{ubl|Shefali Bhushan|Manav Bhushan|Deeksha Gujral|Jayant Digambar Somalkar
}}
| screenplay =
| director = Shefali Bhushan Jayant Digambar Somalkar

| starring = {{ubl|[[Shriya Pilgaonkar]]|[[Varun Mitra]]|[[Sugandha Garg]]|[[Satish Kaushik]]|Namrata Seth|[[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]]}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 10
| list_episodes =
| music = Sagar Desai
| executive_producer = Shefali Bhushan
| producer = [[Karan Grover]]
| cinematography = Siddharth Srinivasan
| composer =
| editor = Navnita Sen
| runtime = 45–50 minutes
| company = A Singro Media Innovation PVT LTD Production
| network = [[Amazon Video]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|04|22}}
| last_aired =
| related =
}}

'''''Guilty Minds''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language legal drama television series on [[Amazon Prime Video]]. The series is written and directed by Shefali Bhushan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/guilty-minds-shefali-bhushan-opens-about-casting-female-protagonist-legal-drama-series-1070922?amp|title=Guilty Minds: Shefali Bhushan opens up about casting female protagonist for the legal drama series|website=[[Pinkvilla]]|date=19 April 2022|access-date=23 April 2022|archive-date=24 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424043157/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/guilty-minds-shefali-bhushan-opens-about-casting-female-protagonist-legal-drama-series-1070922?amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Jayant Digambar Somalkar. This series stars [[Shriya Pilgaonkar]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/shriya-pilgaonkar-attended-court-hearings-to-understand-her-guilty-minds-character/articleshow/90957942.cms|title=Shriya Pilgaonkar attended court hearings to understand her 'Guilty Minds' character|website=[[The Times Of India]]|date=20 April 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> [[Varun Mitra]], [[Sugandha Garg]], [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]] and [[Satish Kaushik]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/guilty-minds-review-shriya-pilgaonkar-is-mesmerising-in-the-series-that-thrives-on-an-ensemble-cast-3-5-stars-2909896|title=Guilty Minds Review: Shriya Pilgaonkar Is Mesmerising In A Legal Series With A Mellow Sense Of Drama|website=[[NDTV]]|access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/guilty-minds-trailer-shriya-pilgaonkar-varun-mitra-legal-drama-7859846/lite/|title=Guilty Minds trailer: Shriya Pilgaonkar and Varun Mitra promise an intriguing legal drama|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=8 April 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/amazon-prime-to-stream-new-original-guilty-minds-on-22-april/amp-11650177723772.html|title=Amazon Prime to stream new original 'Guilty Minds' on 22 April|website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|date=17 April 2022|access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref>

At the [[2022 Filmfare OTT Awards]], ''Guilty Minds'' received 6 nominations, including Best Drama Series, Best Director in a Drama Series (Bhushan), Best Actress in a Drama Series (Pilgaonkar) and Best Actor in a Drama Series (Mitra).

==Plot==
The story revolves around Kashaf Quaze, Deepak Rana and Vandana Kathpalia, three law school friends who are often put opposite each other in the court of law. Kashaf and Vandana run a law centre where they take up class action and humanitarian cases while Deepak is a partner at Khanna & Khanna Associates, a popular law firm with rich clients. Each episode in the series dwells with issues such as rape, artificial intelligence, water shortage and how those issues interact with the lives and principles of the characters.

==Episodes==

{{Episode table |background=#560003 |overall=5 |title=23 |director=14 |writer=27 |airdate=19 |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Mine or Yours
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|4|20}}
|ShortSummary = Film star Mala Kumari accuses renowned filmmaker Divendu Khanna of molesting her at the start of her career. Kahsaf represents Mala while Deepak defends Divendu using female advocate Neela Raghunandan and main counsel.
|LineColor = 560003
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Finisher
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|4|22}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 560003
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Water
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|4|22}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 560003
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Sperma
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|4|22}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 560003
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Aalaap
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|4|22}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 560003
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = EHNO
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|4|22}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 560003
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Deep Waters
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|4|22}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 560003
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Plan Your Baby
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|4|22}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 560003
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|Title = Alola
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|4|22}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 560003
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|Title = Guilt
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|4|22}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 560003
}}

}}

==Cast==
*[[Shriya Pilgaonkar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/guilty-minds-shriya-pilgaonkar-and-varun-mitra-talk-about-visiting-a-real-court-for-the-preparation-of-their-characters-1525768/amp|title='Guilty Minds': Shriya Pilgaonkar And Varun Mitra Talk About Visiting A Real Court For The Preparation Of Their Characters|website=[[ABP News]]|access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> as Kashaf Quaze, Munawwar's daughter
*[[Varun Mitra]] as Deepak Rana
*[[Sugandha Garg]] as Vandana Kathpalia
*Namrata Sheth as Shubhangi Khanna, L. N. Khanna's grand-daughter
*[[Satish Kaushik]] as Tejinder Bhalla
*[[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]] as L. N. Khanna
*[[Benjamin Gilani]] as Munawwar Quaze, Kashaf's father
*Pranay Pachauri as Shubhrat Khanna, Shubhangi's cousin and L. N. Khanna's grand-son
*Diksha Juneja as Riya Singh, Shubhrat's girlfriend
*[[Sadhana Singh]] as Mumtaz
*Deepak Kalra as Kitu Bhalla, Tejinder's son and Deepak's best friend
*[[Chitrangada Satarupa]] as Sunanda Bose
*[[Virendra Saxena]] as Vishwambar Chauhan
*[[Karishma Tanna]] as Mala Kumari
*[[Suchitra Krishnamurthy]] as Neela Raghunandan
*Dinker Sharma as Hasan
*Akshay Baghel as Abhijeet
*Vasundhara Kaul as Antara
*Arun Kalra as Shamsher Khanna
*Meet Vora as Prateek Malhotra
*Hans Dev Sharma as Dilrah Khanaa
*Atul Kumar as Diveyendu Khurana
*Suhita Thatte as Justice Shukla
*[[Shakti Kapoor]] as Anwar (Episode-5 Aalaap)

==Reception==
''Guilty Minds'' received positive to mixed reviews.

[[Shubhra Gupta]] from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' writes, "This is a well-done, well-acted show. My only quibble is the banal title ‘Guilty Minds’, which feels un-nuanced for a show which says everyone is innocent until they are proved guilty, and maybe not even then. Just by virtue of the fact that one of the lead characters is Muslim, whose unresolved childhood trauma can belong to anyone– religion, caste, creed no bar– makes it a big win, given our times."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/guilty-minds-review-shriya-pilgaonkar-varun-mitra-amazon-prime-video-7881758/lite/|title=Guilty Minds review: All-desi, hugely entertaining and thought-provoking|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=22 April 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref>

Abhimanyu Mathur from ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' writes that "It is refreshing to see the courtrooms of India depicted as how they are, and hats off to showrunner Shefali Bhushan for that."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/guilty-minds-review-amazon-series-brings-refreshing-realism-to-courtroom-dramas-but-ends-up-as-an-uneven-show-101650614678356-amp.html|title=Guilty Minds review: Amazon series brings refreshing realism to courtroom dramas but ends up as an uneven show|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=22 April 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award ceremony
!Category
!Nominee / work
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[2022 Filmfare OTT Awards|2022]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Filmfare OTT Awards]]
|Best Drama Series
|''Guilty Minds''
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2022 - Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2022/nominations |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Best Director in a Drama Series
|Shefali Bhushan
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Actress in a Drama Series
|[[Shriya Pilgaonkar]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Actor in a Drama Series
|Varun Mitra
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Background Music (Series) nom
|Sagar Desai
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Production Design (Series) nom
|Vikram Singh
|{{nom}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt19355272}}
* [https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Guilty-Minds/0SWP6VVKR6CG4E3WEKCKLCFRKJ ''Guilty Minds''] at [[Amazon Prime Video]]

{{Amazon Video original series}}

[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Legal drama television series]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ-related television shows]]

Ripple Effect Project

2025-02-15T05:40:16Z

RomanStrock4259: added new details

The '''Ripple Effect Project''' is a joint project of [[Acumen Fund]] and [[IDEO]] funded by the [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]] to provide the poor with clean safe water started in 2009.<ref name="forbes">[https://archive.today/20130123172544/http://www.forbes.com/2009/09/10/ideo-acumen-fund-technology-breakthroughs-water.html "Getting Water To The World's Poorest"], ''[[Forbes]]'', September 11, 2009.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150118073933/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-02-23/news/27585715_1_iit-delhi-industrial-design-centre-lalit-kumar-das "Designers live out real-life experiences"], ''[[The Economic Times]]'', February 23, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.fastcompany.com/mic/2010/profile/ideo "Most Innovative Companies 2010"], ''[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]]'', February 17, 2010.</ref> It has projects in both [[India]] and [[Kenya]].<ref name="forbes"/> The project collaborated with the Jal Bhagirathi Foundation, a non-profit in India, to fix a failed clean water station in the [[Thar Desert]] of India where locals were choosing to use closer contaminated water or contaminating clean water with non hygienic water vessels, and turned the resulting working project over to locals.<ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/next/archives/2009/10/design_thinking.html "Design Thinking Improves Conscious Capitalism"], ''[[Business Week]]'', October 20, 2009.</ref> The project collaborated with four Kenyan organizations, two of which were companies, to build commercial clean water supply systems using various methods of delivery.<ref>[http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/-/539552/815854/-/68t7rs/-/ "Plan for clean water to slums kicks off"], ''[[Business Daily]]'', December 2, 2009.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

* [https://www.rippleeffectproject.org/ Official website]

[[Category:Water-related charities]]
[[Category:International charities]]
[[Category:Water and the environment]]
[[Category:Humanitarian aid]]
[[Category:Foreign charities operating in India]]
[[Category:Foreign charities operating in Kenya]]

{{Africa-org-stub}}

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Film/Indian cinema task force/Article alerts/Archive 2

2025-02-12T07:59:05Z

RomanStrock4259: new...

{{Wikipedia:Article alerts/Report archive page header}}

== RM ==
{{anchor|RM}}
* 01 Sep 2018 – [[Loev (film)]] move request by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Talk:Loev (film)#reqmovetag|discussion]]
* 05 Oct 2018 – [[Jigarthanda]] move request by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Talk:Jigarthanda#reqmovetag|discussion]]
* 28 Nov 2018 – [[List of Hindu mythological or devotional films]] move request by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Talk:List of Hindu mythological or devotional films#reqmovetag|discussion]]
* 10 Jan 2019 – [[Dharam Veer (film)]] move request by [[User:हिंदुस्थान वासी|हिंदुस्थान वासी]] was closed; [[Talk:Dharam Veer (film)#reqmovetag|discussion]]
* 11 Jan 2019 – [[Yeh Vaada Raha]] move request by [[User:Netoholic|Netoholic]] was closed; [[Talk:Yeh Vaada Raha#reqmovetag|discussion]]
* 28 Feb 2019 – [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value]] move request by [[User:Let There Be Sunshine|Let There Be Sunshine]] was closed; [[Talk:Kerala State Film Award for Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value#reqmovetag|discussion]]
* 03 Apr 2019 – [[Dushman (1972 film)]] move request by [[User:Vrishchik|Vrishchik]] was closed; [[Talk:Dushman (1972 film)#reqmovetag|discussion]]
* 09 Apr 2019 – [[Rana (1998 film)]] move request by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Talk:Rana (1998 film)#reqmovetag|discussion]]
* 09 Jul 2019 – [[Mylanji (film)]] move request by [[User:Steel1943|Steel1943]] was closed; [[Talk:Mylanji (film)#reqmovetag|discussion]]
* 10 Jul 2019 – [[Kireedam (1989 film)]] move request to [[Kireedam]] by [[User:2405:204:D205:A679:700B:20A3:7364:959D|2405:204:D205:A679:700B:20A3:7364:959D]] was ''not moved'' by [[User:Dekimasu|Dekimasu]] on 21 Mar 2018; [[Talk:Kireedam (1989 film)#Requested move 10 July 2019|discussion]]
* 07 Aug 2019 – [[Chennai2Singapore]] move request to [[Chennai 2 Singapore]] by [[User:GeoffreyT2000|GeoffreyT2000]] was ''moved'' to [[Chennai 2 Singapore]]; [[Talk:Chennai2Singapore#Requested move 7 August 2019|discussion]]
* 16 Aug 2019 – [[Murattu Kaalai (1980 film)]] move request to [[Murattu Kaalai]] by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was ''no consensus''; [[Talk:Murattu Kaalai (1980 film)#Requested move 16 August 2019|discussion]]
* 21 Oct 2019 – [[Asian Academy of Film & Television]] move request to [[AAFT University of Media and Arts]] by [[User:2405:204:A606:51D:A041:1428:4CB4:57DE|2405:204:A606:51D:A041:1428:4CB4:57DE]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Asian Academy of Film & Television#Requested move 21 October 2019|discussion]]
* 18 Dec 2019 – [[Aisha (film)]] move request to [[Aisha (2010 film)]] by [[User:Shhhnotsoloud|Shhhnotsoloud]] was ''moved'' to [[Aisha (2010 film)]] by [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] on 25 Dec 2019; [[Talk:A`isha#Requested move 18 December 2019|discussion]]
* 23 Dec 2019 – [[Mela (disambiguation)]] move request to [[Mela]] by [[User:MrKeefeJohn|MrKeefeJohn]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Mela (disambiguation)#Requested move 23 December 2019|discussion]]
* 24 Dec 2019 – [[Spirit (2012 film)]] move request to [[Spirit (film)]] by [[User:Anthony Appleyard|Anthony Appleyard]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Spirit (2012 film)#Requested move 24 December 2019|discussion]]
* 30 Jan 2020 – [[Bees Saal Baad (1962 film)]] move request to [[Bees Saal Baad]] by [[User:Oracle of Delhi|Oracle of Delhi]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Bees Saal Baad (1962 film)#Requested move 30 January 2020|discussion]]
* 30 Jan 2020 – [[Khandan (1965 film)]] move request to [[Khandan (film)]] by [[User:Oracle of Delhi|Oracle of Delhi]] was closed; [[Talk:Khandan (1965 film)#Requested move 30 January 2020|discussion]]
* 30 Jan 2020 – [[Bidaai (1974 film)]] move request to [[Bidaai]] by [[User:Oracle of Delhi|Oracle of Delhi]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Bidaai (1974 film)#Requested move 30 January 2020|discussion]]
* 30 Jan 2020 – [[Laawaris (1981 film)]] move request to [[Laawaris]] by [[User:Oracle of Delhi|Oracle of Delhi]] was ''no consensus''; [[Talk:Laawaris (1981 film)#Requested move 30 January 2020|discussion]]
* 11 Feb 2020 – [[Baaghi: A Rebel for Love]] move request to [[Baaghi (1990 film)]] by [[User:Oracle of Delhi|Oracle of Delhi]] was ''moved'' to [[Baaghi (1990 film)]] by [[User:Nnadigoodluck|Nnadigoodluck]] on 19 Feb 2020; [[Talk:Baaghi: A Rebel for Love#Requested move 11 February 2020|discussion]]
* 11 Feb 2020 – [[Khalnayak]] move request to [[Khal Nayak]] by [[User:Oracle of Delhi|Oracle of Delhi]] was ''moved'' to [[Khal Nayak]] by [[User:Nnadigoodluck|Nnadigoodluck]] on 19 Feb 2020; [[Talk:Khalnayak#Requested move 11 February 2020|discussion]]
* 20 Feb 2020 – [[Teri Meri Kahani]] move request to [[Teri Meri Kahani (song)]] by [[User:Richard3120|Richard3120]] was closed; [[Talk:Teri Meri Kahani#Requested move 20 February 2020|discussion]]
* 10 Mar 2020 – [[Applause Entertainment Private Limited]] move request to [[Applause Entertainment]] by [[User:UnitedStatesian|UnitedStatesian]] was ''moved'' to [[Applause Entertainment]] by [[User:Jerm|Jerm]] on 17 Mar 2020; [[Talk:Applause Entertainment Private Limited#Requested move 10 March 2020|discussion]]
* 11 Mar 2020 – [[I Love Me (film)]] move request to [[I Love Me (film)]] by [[User:Vaporgaze|Vaporgaze]] was ''moved''; [[Talk:I Love Me (film)#Requested move 11 March 2020|discussion]]
* 05 Apr 2020 – [[Haathi Mere Saathi (upcoming film)]] move request to [[Kaadan]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''moved'' to [[Kaadan]]; [[Talk:Haathi Mere Saathi (upcoming film)#Requested move 5 April 2020|discussion]]
* 14 Apr 2020 – [[1945 (2020 film)]] move request to [[Madai Thiranthu]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:1945 (2020 film)#Requested move 14 April 2020|discussion]]
* 16 Apr 2020 – [[One Two Three]] move request to [[One Two Three (2008 film)]] by [[User:In ictu oculi|In ictu oculi]] was closed; [[Talk:One Two Three#Requested move 16 April 2020|discussion]]
* 22 Apr 2020 – [[Kunchacko Boban Filmography]] move request to [[Kunchacko Boban filmography]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:Kunchacko Boban Filmography#Requested move 22 April 2020|discussion]]
* 22 Apr 2020 – [[Semma Botha Aagatha]] move request to [[Semma Botha Aagathey]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:Semma Botha Aagatha#Requested move 22 April 2020|discussion]]
* 16 May 2020 – [[Master (Ravichander album)]] move request to [[Master (soundtrack)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''moved'' to [[Master (soundtrack)]] by [[User:SS49|SS49]] on 23 May 2020; [[Talk:Master (Ravichander album)#Requested move 16 May 2020|discussion]]
* 21 May 2020 – [[Julai]] move request to [[Julayi]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''moved'' to [[Julayi]] by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] on 02 Jun 2020; [[Talk:Julai#Requested move 21 May 2020|discussion]]
* 18 May 2020 – [[Roudram Ranam Rudhiram]] move request to [[RRR (film)]] by [[User:160.238.72.49|160.238.72.49]] was ''moved'' to [[RRR (film)]] by [[User:King of Hearts|King of Hearts]] on 04 Jun 2020; [[Talk:Roudram Ranam Rudhiram#Requested move 18 May 2020|discussion]]
* 14 May 2020 – [[Ramadasu]] move request to [[Ramadasu (1964 film)]] by [[User:Abhijithn207|Abhijithn207]] was ''withdrawn''; [[Talk:Bhadrachala Ramadasu#Requested move 14 May 2020|discussion]]
* 21 May 2020 – [[Ratsasan]] move request to [[Raatchasan]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Ratsasan#Requested move 21 May 2020|discussion]]
* 14 Jul 2020 – [[Chocolate (2001 film)]] move request to [[Chocklet]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed by [[User:2pou|2pou]] on 21 Jul 2020; [[Talk:Chocolate (2001 film)#Requested move 14 July 2020|discussion]]
* 15 Jul 2020 – [[Seema Raja]] move request to [[Seemaraja]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''moved'' to [[Seemaraja]]; [[Talk:Seema Raja#Requested move 15 July 2020|discussion]]
* 15 Jul 2020 – [[777 charlie]] move request to [[777 Charlie]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:777 charlie#Requested move 15 July 2020|discussion]]
* 18 Jul 2020 – [[Pather Panchali]] move request to [[Pather Panchali (film)]] by [[User:Moheen|Moheen]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Pather Panchali (novel)#Requested move 18 July 2020|discussion]]
* 13 Jul 2020 – [[Kaala Koothu]] move request to [[Kaalakkoothu]] by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was ''moved'' to [[Kaalakkoothu]] by [[User:Usernamekiran|Usernamekiran]] on 29 Jul 2020; [[Talk:Kaala Koothu#Requested move 13 July 2020|discussion]]
* 27 Jul 2020 – [[Richie]] move request to [[Richie (film)]] by [[User:Ortizesp|Ortizesp]] was closed by [[User:DrKay|DrKay]] on 09 Aug 2020; [[Talk:Richie (name)#Requested move 27 July 2020|discussion]]
* 14 Aug 2020 – [[Run (2020 Indian film)]] move request to [[Run (2020 film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Run (2020 Indian film)#Requested move 14 August 2020|discussion]]
* 19 Aug 2020 – [[A1 (2019 film)]] move request to [[A1 (film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:A1 (2019 film)#Requested move 19 August 2020|discussion]]
* 15 Aug 2020 – [[Nani's Gang Leader]] move request to [[Gang Leader (2020 film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Nani's Gang Leader#Requested move 15 August 2020|discussion]]
* 19 Aug 2020 – [[Paisa (film)]] move request to [[Paisa (2014 film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:Paisa (film)#Requested move 19 August 2020|discussion]]
* 26 Aug 2020 – [[Anthony Yaar?]] move request to [[Anthoni - Yaar?]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Anthony Yaar?#Requested move 26 August 2020|discussion]]
* 03 Sep 2020 – [[Atlee Kumar]] move request to [[Atlee]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''moved'' to [[Atlee (director)]]; [[Talk:Atlee Kumar#Requested move 3 September 2020|discussion]]
* 01 Sep 2020 – [[Anjani Putra]] move request to [[Anjaniputhraa]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Anjani Putra#Requested move 1 September 2020|discussion]]
* 09 Sep 2020 – [[Punjabi cinema]] move request to [[Punjab, India cinema]] by [[User:1.Ayana|1.Ayana]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Punjabi cinema#Requested move 9 September 2020|discussion]]
* 12 Sep 2020 – [[90 ML (2019 Tamil film)]] move request to [[90ML (2019 Tamil film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:90 ML (2019 Tamil film)#Requested move 12 September 2020|discussion]]
* 16 Sep 2020 – [[Raa Raa]] move request to [[Raa Raa (2011 film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:Raa Raa#Requested move 16 September 2020|discussion]]
* 17 Sep 2020 – [[Daasi]] move request to [[Daasi (1988 film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:Daasi#Requested move 17 September 2020|discussion]]
* 17 Sep 2020 – [[Marumagal]] move request to [[Marumagal (1986 film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:Marumagal#Requested move 17 September 2020|discussion]]
* 19 Sep 2020 – [[Magalir Mattum]] move request to [[Magalir Mattum (1994 film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:Magalir Mattum#Requested move 19 September 2020|discussion]]
* 23 Sep 2020 – [[Yaar Ivan]] move request to [[Veedevadu]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''moved'' to [[Veedevadu]] by [[User:Jerm|Jerm]] on 01 Oct 2020; [[Talk:Yaar Ivan#Requested move 23 September 2020|discussion]]
* 26 Aug 2020 – [[Yai! Nee Romba Azhaga Irukke!]] move request to [[Yai! Nee Romba Azhaga Irukey!]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''moved'' to [[Yai! Nee Romba Azhaga Irukey!]] by [[User:Lugnuts|Lugnuts]] on 03 Oct 2020; [[Talk:Yai! Nee Romba Azhaga Irukke!#Requested move 26 August 2020|discussion]]
* 09 Oct 2020 – [[Jaanu]] move request to [[Jaanu (2012 film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''moved'' to [[Jaanu (2012 film)]] by [[User:Jerm|Jerm]] on 16 Oct 2020; [[Talk:Jaanu#Requested move 9 October 2020|discussion]]
* 26 Oct 2020 – [[Savaari]] move request to [[Savaari (2009 film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:Savaari#Requested move 26 October 2020|discussion]]
* 08 Oct 2020 – [[Vaaliba Raja]] move request to [[Valeba Raja]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed to [[Valeba Raja]] by [[User:2pou|2pou]] on 03 Nov 2020; [[Talk:Vaaliba Raja#Requested move 8 October 2020|discussion]]
* 15 Aug 2020 – [[Nani's Gang Leader]] move request to [[Gang Leader (2020 film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Nani's Gang Leader#Requested move 15 August 2020|discussion]]
* 19 Aug 2020 – [[A1 (2019 film)]] move request to [[A1 (film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:A1 (2019 film)#Requested move 19 August 2020|discussion]]
* 19 Aug 2020 – [[Paisa (film)]] move request to [[Paisa (2014 film)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:Paisa (film)#Requested move 19 August 2020|discussion]]
* 26 Aug 2020 – [[Yai! Nee Romba Azhaga Irukke!]] move request to [[Yai! Nee Romba Azhaga Irukey!]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''moved'' to [[Yai! Nee Romba Azhaga Irukey!]] by [[User:Lugnuts|Lugnuts]] on 03 Oct 2020; [[Talk:Yai! Nee Romba Azhaga Irukke!#Requested move 26 August 2020|discussion]]
* 26 Aug 2020 – [[Anthony Yaar?]] move request to [[Anthoni - Yaar?]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Anthony Yaar?#Requested move 26 August 2020|discussion]]
* 01 Sep 2020 – [[Anjani Putra]] move request to [[Anjaniputhraa]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:Anjani Putra#Requested move 1 September 2020|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Paramashiva]] move request to [[Paramashiva (film)]] by [[User:SMcCandlish|SMcCandlish]] was closed; [[Talk:Paramashiva#Requested move 31 December 2020|discussion]]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[The Warrior (2001 British film)]] move request to [[The Warrior (2001 film)]] by [[User:Vajra Raja|Vajra Raja]] was ''not moved''; [[Talk:The Warrior (2001 British film)#Requested move 24 December 2020|discussion]]
{{anchor|RMbottom}}

== AfD ==
{{anchor|AfD}}
* 31 Aug 2018 – [[Dhara (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Harshrathod50|Harshrathod50]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dhara_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 15 Sep 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dhara (film)|discussion]]
* 31 Aug 2018 – [[Orkut Oru Ormakoot]] AfDed by [[User:Chrissymad|Chrissymad]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Orkut_Oru_Ormakoot delete]'' by [[User:TonyBallioni|TonyBallioni]] on 15 Sep 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Orkut Oru Ormakoot|discussion]]
* 06 Sep 2018 – [[Aadivaram Aadavallaku Selavu]] AfDed by [[User:Chrissymad|Chrissymad]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aadivaram_Aadavallaku_Selavu delete]'' by [[User:Patar knight|Patar knight]] on 14 Sep 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aadivaram Aadavallaku Selavu|discussion]]
* 06 Sep 2018 – [[Aadi Lakshmi]] AfDed by [[User:Chrissymad|Chrissymad]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aadi_Lakshmi delete]'' by [[User:Patar knight|Patar knight]] on 14 Sep 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aadi Lakshmi|discussion]]
* 12 Sep 2018 – [[Sudip Pandey]] AfDed by [[User:Reddogsix|Reddogsix]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sudip_Pandey delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 19 Sep 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sudip Pandey|discussion]]
* 19 Sep 2018 – [[Deewanapan]] AfDed by [[User:Elmidae|Elmidae]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Deewanapan delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 26 Sep 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Deewanapan|discussion]]
* 07 Sep 2018 – [[Kudure Mukha]] AfDed by [[User:Kirbanzo|Kirbanzo]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kudure_Mukha delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 05 Oct 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kudure Mukha|discussion]]
* 22 Sep 2018 – [[Sadak 2]] AfDed by [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] was closed as ''delete'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 29 Sep 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sadak 2|discussion]]
* 02 Oct 2018 – [[Nikka Zaildar (film series)]] AfDed by [[User:Woodensuperman|Woodensuperman]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nikka_Zaildar_(film_series) delete]'' by [[User:RoySmith|RoySmith]] on 17 Oct 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nikka Zaildar (film series)|discussion]]
* 26 Sep 2018 – [[Aazhakadal]] AfDed by [[User:Kirbanzo|Kirbanzo]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aazhakadal delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 25 Oct 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aazhakadal (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 13 Oct 2018 – [[Jana Nayaka]] AfDed by [[User:Mythdon|Mythdon]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jana_Nayaka delete]'' by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] on 04 Nov 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jana Nayaka|discussion]]
* 14 Oct 2018 – [[Sorry (2017 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] was closed ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sorry_(2017_film) deleted]) by [[User:BD2412|BD2412]] on 08 Nov 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sorry (2017 film) (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 30 Oct 2018 – [[Gadbad Gondhal]] AfDed by [[User:Usernamekiran|Usernamekiran]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gadbad_Gondhal delete]'' by [[User:Ritchie333|Ritchie333]] on 07 Nov 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pratisaad - The Response|discussion]]
* 30 Oct 2018 – [[Pratisaad - The Response]] AfDed by [[User:Usernamekiran|Usernamekiran]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pratisaad_-_The_Response delete]'' by [[User:Ritchie333|Ritchie333]] on 07 Nov 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pratisaad - The Response|discussion]]
* 08 Nov 2018 – [[Y.D.G. Films]] AfDed by [[User:Usernamekiran|Usernamekiran]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Y.D.G._Films delete]'' by [[User:Shirt58|Shirt58]] on 11 Nov 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Y.D.G. Films|discussion]]
* 13 Nov 2018 – [[Ocean of Tears]] AfDed by [[User:DBigXray|DBigXray]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Jovanmilic97|Jovanmilic97]] on 20 Nov 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ocean of Tears|discussion]]
* 08 Nov 2018 – [[Chot- Aj Isko, Kal Tereko]] AfDed by [[User:Usernamekiran|Usernamekiran]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 28 Nov 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chot- Aj Isko, Kal Tereko|discussion]]
* 20 Nov 2018 – [[2nz Animation Co.]] AfDed by [[User:Dial911|Dial911]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=2nz_Animation_Co. delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 06 Dec 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/2nz Animation Co.|discussion]]
* 20 Nov 2018 – [[Climb Media]] AfDed by [[User:Dial911|Dial911]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Climb_Media delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 06 Dec 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Climb Media|discussion]]
* 20 Nov 2018 – [[Majha Agadbam]] AfDed by [[User:Jimfbleak|Jimfbleak]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Majha_Agadbam delete]'' by [[User:Randykitty|Randykitty]] on 11 Dec 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Majha Agadbam|discussion]]
* 29 Nov 2018 – [[Machan (unreleased film)]] AfDed by [[User:Steel1943|Steel1943]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Machan_(unreleased_film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 13 Dec 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Machan (unreleased film)|discussion]]
* 06 Dec 2018 – [[Ek Ladki Badnaam Si]] AfDed by [[User:Shadowowl|Shadowowl]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ek_Ladki_Badnaam_Si delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 13 Dec 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ek Ladki Badnaam Si (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 09 Dec 2018 – [[Alam Ara (1973 film)]] AfDed by [[User:GeoffreyT2000|GeoffreyT2000]] was closed as ''redirect'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 24 Dec 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alam Ara (1973 film)|discussion]]
* 13 Dec 2018 – [[Thalapathy 63]] AfDed by [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thalapathy_63 delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 20 Dec 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thalapathy 63|discussion]]
* 09 Dec 2018 – [[Laddoo (film)]] AfDed by [[User:PriceDL|PriceDL]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Laddoo_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Galobtter|Galobtter]] on 30 Dec 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Laddoo (film)|discussion]]
* 19 Dec 2018 – [[Ananya Panday]] AfDed by [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] was closed as ''redirect'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 26 Dec 2018; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ananya Panday|discussion]]
* 17 Dec 2018 – [[Maduve Impossible]] AfDed by [[User:331dot|331dot]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Maduve_Impossible delete]'' by [[User:Scott Burley|Scott Burley]] on 04 Jan 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maduve Impossible|discussion]]
* 02 Jan 2019 – [[Battalion 609]] AfDed by [[User:StraussInTheHouse|StraussInTheHouse]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 16 Jan 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Battalion 609|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2018 – [[Haal E Kangaal]] AfDed by [[User:Daiyusha|Daiyusha]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Feminist|Feminist]] on 21 Jan 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Haal E Kangaal|discussion]]
* 08 Jan 2019 – [[Upperstall.com]] AfDed by [[User:Newslinger|Newslinger]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Upperstall.com delete]'' by [[User:Czar|Czar]] on 22 Jan 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Upperstall.com|discussion]]
* 09 Jan 2019 – [[Santhana Devan (upcoming film)]] AfDed by [[User:Lugnuts|Lugnuts]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Santhana_Devan_(upcoming_film) delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 16 Jan 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Santhana Devan (upcoming film)|discussion]]
* 12 Jan 2019 – [[Preeti Suman]] AfDed by [[User:Cabayi|Cabayi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Preeti_Suman delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 20 Jan 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Preeti Suman|discussion]]
* 09 Jan 2019 – [[Raguluthunna Bharatham]] AfDed by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Ad Orientem|Ad Orientem]] on 31 Jan 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Raguluthunna Bharatham (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 17 Feb 2019 – [[Untitled Santosh Srinivas film]] AfDed by [[User:Bearcat|Bearcat]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Untitled_Santosh_Srinivas_film delete]'' by [[User:78.26|78.26]] on 11 Mar 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Untitled Santosh Srinivas film|discussion]]
* 18 Feb 2019 – [[Biswajit Mohapatra]] AfDed by [[User:Power~enwiki|Power~enwiki]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Ad Orientem|Ad Orientem]] on 13 Mar 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Biswajit Mohapatra|discussion]]
* ''undated'' – [[Puthra Kamekhi]] AfDed was closed; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Puthra Kamekhi|discussion]]
* ''undated'' – [[Susie (film)]] AfDed was closed; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Susie (film)|discussion]]
* 08 Mar 2019 – [[Kunni]] AfDed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Ritchie333|Ritchie333]] on 30 Mar 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kunni|discussion]]
* 20 Mar 2019 – [[Alolam]] AfDed by [[User:Menjobleeko11|Menjobleeko11]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alolam|discussion]]
* 21 Mar 2019 – [[Thikka Regithe]] AfDed by [[User:Wgolf|Wgolf]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thikka_Regithe delete]'' by [[User:Michig|Michig]] on 28 Mar 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thikka Regithe|discussion]]
* 28 Mar 2019 – [[Toofan Singh (film)]] AfDed by [[User:DBigXray|DBigXray]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Crystallizedcarbon|Crystallizedcarbon]] on 04 Apr 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Toofan Singh (film)|discussion]]
* 29 Mar 2019 – [[Santosham Best Young Performers Award]] AfDed by [[User:Wgolf|Wgolf]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Santosham_Best_Young_Performers_Award delete]'' by [[User:Beeblebrox|Beeblebrox]] on 05 Apr 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Santosham Best Young Performers Award|discussion]]
* 29 Mar 2019 – [[Santosham Best Choreography Award]] AfDed by [[User:Wgolf|Wgolf]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Santosham_Best_Choreography_Award delete]'' by [[User:Beeblebrox|Beeblebrox]] on 05 Apr 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Santosham Best Choreography Award|discussion]]
* 29 Mar 2019 – [[Pandagala Vachadu]] AfDed by [[User:PC78|PC78]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pandagala_Vachadu delete]'' by [[User:Beeblebrox|Beeblebrox]] on 05 Apr 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pandagala Vachadu|discussion]]
* 30 Mar 2019 – [[Imsai Arasan 24th Pulikecei]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Imsai_Arasan_24th_Pulikecei delete]'' by [[User:Randykitty|Randykitty]] on 06 Apr 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Imsai Arasan 24th Pulikecei|discussion]]
* 24 Mar 2019 – [[Raguluthunna Bharatham]] AfDed by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 15 Apr 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Raguluthunna Bharatham (3rd nomination)|discussion]]
* 14 Apr 2019 – [[Rickshawala (1993 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Dreamy Jazz|Dreamy Jazz]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Rickshawala_(1993_film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 28 Apr 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rickshawala (1993 film)|discussion]]
* 29 Apr 2019 – [[Zinga (film 2019)]] AfDed by [[User:Praxidicae|Praxidicae]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Zinga_(film_2019) delete]'' by [[User:JJMC89|JJMC89]] on 11 May 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zinga (film 2019)|discussion]]
* 06 May 2019 – [[Tenzin Dalha]] AfDed by [[User:Wgolf|Wgolf]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Tenzin_Dalha delete]'' by [[User:Timotheus Canens|Timotheus Canens]] on 13 May 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tenzin Dalha|discussion]]
* 30 Apr 2019 – [[Prakash Bhardwaj]] AfDed by [[User:Wgolf|Wgolf]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Smartyllama|Smartyllama]] on 22 May 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Prakash Bhardwaj|discussion]]
* 12 May 2019 – [[Thabaton 2]] AfDed by [[User:Velella|Velella]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thabaton_2 delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 19 May 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thabaton 2|discussion]]
* 16 May 2019 – [[Bal Bhimrao]] AfDed by [[User:QueerEcofeminist|QueerEcofeminist]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bal_Bhimrao delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 23 May 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bal Bhimrao|discussion]]
* 16 May 2019 – [[Bhim Garjana]] AfDed by [[User:QueerEcofeminist|QueerEcofeminist]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhim_Garjana delete]'' by [[User:78.26|78.26]] on 30 May 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bhim Garjana|discussion]]
* 16 May 2019 – [[Bole India Jai Bhim]] AfDed by [[User:QueerEcofeminist|QueerEcofeminist]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bole_India_Jai_Bhim delete]'' by [[User:Randykitty|Randykitty]] on 23 May 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bole India Jai Bhim|discussion]]
* 16 May 2019 – [[Yugpurush Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar]] AfDed by [[User:QueerEcofeminist|QueerEcofeminist]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Yugpurush_Dr._Babasaheb_Ambedkar delete]'' by [[User:Randykitty|Randykitty]] on 23 May 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yugpurush Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar|discussion]]
* 22 May 2019 – [[Mighty Raju vs The Great Pirate]] AfDed by [[User:Wgolf|Wgolf]] was closed as ''redirect'' by [[User:Randykitty|Randykitty]] on 29 May 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mighty Raju vs The Great Pirate|discussion]]
* 16 May 2019 – [[Balak Ambedkar]] AfDed by [[User:QueerEcofeminist|QueerEcofeminist]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Balak_Ambedkar delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 07 Jun 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Balak Ambedkar|discussion]]
* 27 May 2019 – [[Nahth Bhajj]] AfDed by [[User:Wgolf|Wgolf]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nahth_Bhajj delete]'' by [[User:78.26|78.26]] on 03 Jun 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nahth Bhajj|discussion]]
* 26 May 2019 – [[Laman Ama]] AfDed by [[User:Velella|Velella]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Michig|Michig]] on 16 Jun 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Laman Ama|discussion]]
* 26 May 2019 – [[Thoudang]] AfDed by [[User:Velella|Velella]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thoudang delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 24 Jun 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thoudang|discussion]]
* 27 Jun 2019 – [[Phir Raula Pai Gaya]] AfDed by [[User:Wgolf|Wgolf]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Phir_Raula_Pai_Gaya delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 04 Jul 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phir Raula Pai Gaya|discussion]]
* 29 Jun 2019 – [[Reelium Films]] AfDed by [[User:Wgolf|Wgolf]] was closed as ''redirect'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 07 Jul 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Reelium Films|discussion]]
* 11 Jul 2019 – [[Hitu Kanodia]] AfDed by [[User:Yann|Yann]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Usernamekiran|Usernamekiran]] on 13 Jul 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hitu Kanodia|discussion]]
* 11 Jul 2019 – [[Mission Pollution (Film)]] AfDed by [[User:Pichpich|Pichpich]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mission_Pollution_(Film) delete]'' by [[User:Just Chilling|Just Chilling]] on 18 Jul 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mission Pollution (Film)|discussion]]
* 07 Jul 2019 – [[Kaash Tum Hote]] AfDed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kaash_Tum_Hote delete]'' by [[User:Filelakeshoe|Filelakeshoe]] on 29 Jul 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kaash Tum Hote|discussion]]
* 24 Jul 2019 – [[HDR Play Pictures]] AfDed by [[User:JJMC89|JJMC89]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=HDR_Play_Pictures delete]'' by [[User:The Blade of the Northern Lights|The Blade of the Northern Lights]] on 31 Jul 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/HDR Play Pictures|discussion]]
* 04 Aug 2019 – [[Pangaj Productions]] AfDed by [[User:Lapablo|Lapablo]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pangaj_Productions delete]'' by [[User:Czar|Czar]] on 25 Aug 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pangaj Productions|discussion]]
* 29 Aug 2019 – [[Prakash Bhardwaj]] AfDed by [[User:Domdeparis|Domdeparis]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Prakash_Bhardwaj delete]'' by [[User:RL0919|RL0919]] on 05 Sep 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Prakash Bhardwaj (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 20 Sep 2019 – [[Kalantaka (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Beeblebrox|Beeblebrox]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kalantaka_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] on 04 Oct 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kalantaka (film)|discussion]]
* 21 Sep 2019 – [[Jennifer Antony]] AfDed by [[User:Velella|Velella]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 12 Oct 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jennifer Antony|discussion]]
* 17 Oct 2019 – [[Youth (2001 film)]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Youth_(2001_film) delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 24 Oct 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Youth (2001 film)|discussion]]
* 29 Sep 2019 – [[Pyaar ki Pungi]] AfDed by [[User:CptViraj|CptViraj]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:78.26|78.26]] on 25 Oct 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pyaar ki Pungi (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 23 Sep 2019 – [[Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage]] AfDed by [[User:Dharmadhyaksha|Dharmadhyaksha]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 26 Oct 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tujhe Kitna Chahne Lage|discussion]]
* 04 Oct 2019 – [[Vivegam (soundtrack)]] AfDed by [[User:Willbb234|Willbb234]] was closed as ''merge'' by [[User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] on 26 Oct 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vivegam (soundtrack)|discussion]]
* 24 Oct 2019 – [[Kurralla Rajyam]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kurralla_Rajyam delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 01 Nov 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kurralla Rajyam|discussion]]
* ''undated'' – [[Family of Thakurganj]] AfDed was closed; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Family of Thakurganj|discussion]]
* 30 Oct 2019 – [[Ehsaas Song]] AfDed by [[User:Richard3120|Richard3120]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ehsaas_Song delete]'' by [[User:78.26|78.26]] on 15 Nov 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ehsaas Song|discussion]]
* 30 Nov 2019 – [[Punjabiye Zubane]] AfDed by [[User:Mangoe|Mangoe]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Punjabiye_Zubane delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 08 Dec 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Punjabiye Zubane|discussion]]
* 03 Dec 2019 – [[Abhi Nahi Toh Kabhi Nahi]] AfDed by [[User:Bonadea|Bonadea]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Abhi_Nahi_Toh_Kabhi_Nahi delete]'' by [[User:Ritchie333|Ritchie333]] on 11 Dec 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Abhi Nahi Toh Kabhi Nahi|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2019 – [[KJR Studios]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=KJR_Studios delete]'' by [[User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] on 28 Dec 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/KJR Studios|discussion]]
* 21 Dec 2019 – [[Win (film)]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Win_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 28 Dec 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Win (film)|discussion]]
* 24 Dec 2019 – [[Humane Sagar]] AfDed by [[User:Rocky 734|Rocky 734]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 30 Dec 2019; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Humane Sagar (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2019 – [[Priya O Priya]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Priya_O_Priya delete]'' by [[User:RL0919|RL0919]] on 07 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Priya O Priya|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2019 – [[Bal Bramhachari]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bal_Bramhachari delete]'' by [[User:RL0919|RL0919]] on 07 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bal Bramhachari|discussion]]
* 05 Jan 2020 – [[Apoorva (2008 film)]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Apoorva_(2008_film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 12 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Apoorva (2008 film)|discussion]]
* 06 Jan 2020 – [[Saheba Subramanyam]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:78.26|78.26]] on 13 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Saheba Subramanyam|discussion]]
* 29 Dec 2019 – [[Medhai]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Sgeureka|Sgeureka]] on 14 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Medhai|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2019 – [[Agnee Morcha]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Agnee_Morcha delete]'' by [[User:Sgeureka|Sgeureka]] on 14 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Agnee Morcha|discussion]]
* 10 Jan 2020 – [[Aap Ke Liye Hum]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 17 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aap Ke Liye Hum|discussion]]
* 10 Jan 2020 – [[Keka (film)]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Keka_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 17 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Keka (film)|discussion]]
* 30 Dec 2019 – [[Kadhal Pisase]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:78.26|78.26]] on 21 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kadhal Pisase|discussion]]
* 07 Jan 2020 – [[SRT Entertainments]] AfDed by [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=SRT_Entertainments delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 22 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SRT Entertainments|discussion]]
* 30 Dec 2019 – [[Kadhal Pisase]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:78.26|78.26]] on 21 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kadhal Pisase|discussion]]
* 07 Jan 2020 – [[SRT Entertainments]] AfDed by [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=SRT_Entertainments delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 22 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SRT Entertainments|discussion]]
* 16 Jan 2020 – [[Ponge Ezhu Manohara]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ponge_Ezhu_Manohara delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 23 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ponge Ezhu Manohara|discussion]]
* 17 Jan 2020 – [[Nindru Kolvaan]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nindru_Kolvaan delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 24 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nindru Kolvaan|discussion]]
* 25 Jan 2020 – [[Mappillai (1952 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Mhhossein|Mhhossein]] on 25 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mappillai (1952 film)|discussion]]
* 22 Jan 2020 – [[Nirav Barot]] AfDed by [[User:Celestina007|Celestina007]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nirav_Barot delete]'' by [[User:RL0919|RL0919]] on 29 Jan 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nirav Barot|discussion]]
* 12 Jan 2020 – [[Aamne Samne (1982 film)]] AfDed by [[User:S. M. Nazmus Shakib|S. M. Nazmus Shakib]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 03 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aamne Samne (1982 film)|discussion]]
* 27 Jan 2020 – [[Green Pigeon Movies]] AfDed by [[User:Scottyoak2|Scottyoak2]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Green_Pigeon_Movies delete]'' by [[User:78.26|78.26]] on 03 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Green Pigeon Movies|discussion]]
* 12 Jan 2020 – [[Mr. Rajesh]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mr._Rajesh delete]'' by [[User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] on 04 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mr. Rajesh|discussion]]
* 31 Jan 2020 – [[Vellachi]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Vellachi delete]'' by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] on 08 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vellachi|discussion]]
* 25 Jan 2020 – [[Dil Ka Doctor]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dil_Ka_Doctor delete]'' by [[User:Ad Orientem|Ad Orientem]] on 09 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dil Ka Doctor|discussion]]
* 02 Feb 2020 – [[Areyrey]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Areyrey delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 09 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Areyrey|discussion]]
* 03 Feb 2020 – [[Ayalaan]] AfDed by [[User:Abishe|Abishe]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Abishe|Abishe]] on 10 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ayalaan|discussion]]
* 04 Feb 2020 – [[Amar Kirtan]] AfDed by [[User:King of Scorpions|King of Scorpions]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Amar_Kirtan delete]'' by [[User:QEDK|QEDK]] on 12 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Amar Kirtan|discussion]]
* 16 Jan 2020 – [[Yaariyan (2008 film)]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 15 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yaariyan (2008 film)|discussion]]
* 31 Jan 2020 – [[Maayanadhi]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Maayanadhi deleted]) by [[User:RoySmith|RoySmith]] on 25 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maayanadhi|discussion]]
* 01 Feb 2020 – [[Aridhu Aridhu]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 26 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aridhu Aridhu|discussion]]
* 03 Feb 2020 – [[Paatti]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Paatti delete]'' by [[User:78.26|78.26]] on 25 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Paatti|discussion]]
* 05 Feb 2020 – [[Yaaruku Yaaro]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Yunshui|Yunshui]] on 27 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yaaruku Yaaro (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 20 Feb 2020 – [[World Wide Films]] AfDed by [[User:TheLongTone|TheLongTone]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=World_Wide_Films delete]'' by [[User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] on 27 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/World Wide Films|discussion]]
* 06 Feb 2020 – [[Tinnama Padukunnama, Tellarinda]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Tinnama_Padukunnama%2c_Tellarinda delete]'' by [[User:Yunshui|Yunshui]] on 28 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tinnama Padukunnama, Tellarinda|discussion]]
* 14 Feb 2020 – [[Lakshmi Putrudu]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''merge'' by [[User:Buidhe|Buidhe]] on 28 Feb 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lakshmi Putrudu (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 16 Feb 2020 – [[Bathiladi]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bathiladi delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 02 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bathiladi|discussion]]
* 24 Feb 2020 – [[Aame Korika]] AfDed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aame_Korika delete]'' by [[User:Kurykh|Kurykh]] on 03 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aame Korika|discussion]]
* 26 Feb 2020 – [[En Kadhal Kanmani]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:AmericanAir88|AmericanAir88]] on 04 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/En Kadhal Kanmani|discussion]]
* 26 Feb 2020 – [[Ooha (film)]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ooha_(film) delete]'' by [[User:KaisaL|KaisaL]] on 05 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ooha (film)|discussion]]
* 26 Feb 2020 – [[List of Tamil films of the 2010s]] AfDed by [[User:Richard3120|Richard3120]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 07 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Tamil films of the 1940s|discussion]]
* 26 Feb 2020 – [[List of Tamil films of the 1970s]] AfDed by [[User:Richard3120|Richard3120]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 07 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Tamil films of the 1940s|discussion]]
* 26 Feb 2020 – [[List of Tamil films of the 1940s]] AfDed by [[User:Richard3120|Richard3120]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 07 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Tamil films of the 1940s|discussion]]
* 26 Feb 2020 – [[List of Tamil films of the 1990s]] AfDed by [[User:Richard3120|Richard3120]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 07 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Tamil films of the 1940s|discussion]]
* 26 Feb 2020 – [[List of Tamil films of the 1950s]] AfDed by [[User:Richard3120|Richard3120]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 07 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Tamil films of the 1940s|discussion]]
* 26 Feb 2020 – [[List of Tamil films of the 1960s]] AfDed by [[User:Richard3120|Richard3120]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 07 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Tamil films of the 1940s|discussion]]
* 26 Feb 2020 – [[List of Tamil films of the 2000s]] AfDed by [[User:Richard3120|Richard3120]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 07 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Tamil films of the 1940s|discussion]]
* 26 Feb 2020 – [[List of Tamil films of the 1980s]] AfDed by [[User:Richard3120|Richard3120]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 07 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Tamil films of the 1940s|discussion]]
* 27 Feb 2020 – [[Mahabharat (unfinished film)]] AfDed by [[User:S. M. Nazmus Shakib|S. M. Nazmus Shakib]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mahabharat_(unfinished_film) delete]'' by [[User:KaisaL|KaisaL]] on 06 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mahabharat (unfinished film)|discussion]]
* 16 Feb 2020 – [[Subhadram]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 10 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Subhadram|discussion]]
* 14 Feb 2020 – [[Anveshana (2002 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Rosguill|Rosguill]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Pax:Vobiscum|Pax:Vobiscum]] on 12 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Anveshana (2002 film)|discussion]]
* 24 Feb 2020 – [[Campus Ampasayya]] AfDed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Campus_Ampasayya delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 18 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Campus Ampasayya|discussion]]
* 26 Feb 2020 – [[Mayoora Nritham]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mayoora_Nritham delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 19 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mayoora Nritham|discussion]]
* 26 Feb 2020 – [[Street (film)]] AfDed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Yunshui|Yunshui]] on 19 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Street (film)|discussion]]
* 16 Mar 2020 – [[Aman Mishra]] AfDed by [[User:Praxidicae|Praxidicae]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aman_Mishra delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 24 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aman Mishra|discussion]]
* 22 Mar 2020 – [[Main Maa Punjab Dee]] AfDed by [[User:Rickyurs|Rickyurs]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 29 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Main Maa Punjab Dee|discussion]]
* 12 Mar 2020 – [[Ravi Shastry]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''delete'' by [[User:Black Kite|Black Kite]] on 30 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ravi Shastry|discussion]]
* 24 Mar 2020 – [[Shantaram Athavale]] AfDed by [[User:UserPankajM|UserPankajM]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Yunshui|Yunshui]] on 31 Mar 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shantaram Athavale|discussion]]
* 24 Mar 2020 – [[Abhidnya Bhave]] AfDed by [[User:UserPankajM|UserPankajM]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] on 01 Apr 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Abhidnya Bhave|discussion]]
* 25 Mar 2020 – [[Lucky Commando Films]] AfDed by [[User:Pichpich|Pichpich]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Lucky_Commando_Films delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 02 Apr 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lucky Commando Films|discussion]]
* 22 Mar 2020 – [[X Ray: The Inner Image]] AfDed by [[User:North8000|North8000]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Buidhe|Buidhe]] on 12 Apr 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/X Ray: The Inner Image|discussion]]
* 12 Mar 2020 – [[Adivishnu]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Adivishnu delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 14 Apr 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adivishnu|discussion]]
* 24 Mar 2020 – [[Satrangi Re]] AfDed by [[User:UserPankajM|UserPankajM]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Satrangi_Re delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 18 Apr 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Satrangi Re|discussion]]
* 10 Apr 2020 – [[Pranjal Bhatt]] AfDed by [[User:Primefac|Primefac]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pranjal_Bhatt delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 18 Apr 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pranjal Bhatt|discussion]]
* 03 Apr 2020 – [[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum (film series)]] AfDed by [[User:The9Man|The9Man]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:King of Hearts|King of Hearts]] on 28 Apr 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kyaa Kool Hain Hum (film series)|discussion]]
* 24 Apr 2020 – [[Teri Mitti]] AfDed by [[User:MistyGraceWhite|MistyGraceWhite]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Usernamekiran|Usernamekiran]] on 27 Apr 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Teri Mitti|discussion]]
* 04 May 2020 – [[Ek Phool Ek Bhool]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ek_Phool_Ek_Bhool delete]'' by [[User:Mojo Hand|Mojo Hand]] on 12 May 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ek Phool Ek Bhool (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 04 May 2020 – [[Door Ki Awaaz]] AfDed by [[User:Kirbanzo|Kirbanzo]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Door_Ki_Awaaz delete]'' by [[User:Bibliomaniac15|Bibliomaniac15]] on 12 May 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Door Ki Awaaz|discussion]]
* 04 May 2020 – [[Sanjh Ki Bela]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sanjh_Ki_Bela delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 21 May 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sanjh Ki Bela|discussion]]
* 12 May 2020 – [[Aakhri Nishchay]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aakhri_Nishchay delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 21 May 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aakhri Nishchay|discussion]]
* 12 May 2020 – [[Bhagwan Shri Krishna]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhagwan_Shri_Krishna delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 21 May 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bhagwan Shri Krishna|discussion]]
* 13 May 2020 – [[Dracula Sir]] AfDed by [[User:Adamant1|Adamant1]] was closed ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dracula_Sir deleted]) by [[User:Naypta|Naypta]] on 20 May 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dracula Sir|discussion]]
* 13 May 2020 – [[Friend (2009 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Adamant1|Adamant1]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Friend_(2009_film) delete]'' by [[User:QEDK|QEDK]] on 21 May 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Friend (2009 film)|discussion]]
* 13 May 2020 – [[Dhumketu (2018 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Adamant1|Adamant1]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dhumketu_(2018_film) delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 21 May 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dhumketu (2018 film)|discussion]]
* 13 May 2020 – [[Bicycle Kick (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Adamant1|Adamant1]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bicycle_Kick_(film) delete]'' by [[User:QEDK|QEDK]] on 21 May 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bicycle Kick (film)|discussion]]
* 13 May 2020 – [[Kidnapper (2013 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Adamant1|Adamant1]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kidnapper_(2013_film) delete]'' by [[User:Spartaz|Spartaz]] on 28 May 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kidnapper (2013 film)|discussion]]
* 27 May 2020 – [[Just Gammat]] AfDed by [[User:Creffett|Creffett]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Just_Gammat delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 03 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Just Gammat|discussion]]
* 28 May 2020 – [[Aao Pyaar Karen (1964 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aao_Pyaar_Karen_(1964_film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 05 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aao Pyaar Karen (1964 film)|discussion]]
* 28 May 2020 – [[Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye (1963 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kahin_Pyaar_Na_Ho_Jaaye_(1963_film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 05 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye (1963 film)|discussion]]
* 05 Jun 2020 – [[Captain Sheroo]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Captain_Sheroo delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 12 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Captain Sheroo|discussion]]
* 07 Jun 2020 – [[Karan (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Karan_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 15 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Karan (film)|discussion]]
* 24 May 2020 – [[Adhyan]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Buidhe|Buidhe]] on 16 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adhyan|discussion]]
* 10 Jun 2020 – [[LAW (film)]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=LAW_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Spartaz|Spartaz]] on 18 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/LAW (film)|discussion]]
* 28 May 2020 – [[Bhakta Dhruvakumar]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhakta_Dhruvakumar delete]'' by [[User:Czar|Czar]] on 19 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bhakta Dhruvakumar|discussion]]
* 05 Jun 2020 – [[Phool Bane Angaare]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Phool_Bane_Angaare delete]'' by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] on 19 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phool Bane Angaare|discussion]]
* 28 May 2020 – [[Bhakta Dhruvakumar]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhakta_Dhruvakumar delete]'' by [[User:Czar|Czar]] on 19 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bhakta Dhruvakumar|discussion]]
* 05 Jun 2020 – [[Phool Bane Angaare]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Phool_Bane_Angaare delete]'' by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] on 19 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phool Bane Angaare|discussion]]
* 10 Jun 2020 – [[LAW (film)]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=LAW_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Spartaz|Spartaz]] on 18 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/LAW (film)|discussion]]
* 14 Jun 2020 – [[Apna Ghar Apni Kahani]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Apna_Ghar_Apni_Kahani delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 21 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Apna Ghar Apni Kahani|discussion]]
* 14 Jun 2020 – [[Naag Mohini]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Naag_Mohini delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 21 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Naag Mohini|discussion]]
* 14 Jun 2020 – [[Mere Arman Mere Sapne]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mere_Arman_Mere_Sapne delete]'' by [[User:Czar|Czar]] on 21 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mere Arman Mere Sapne|discussion]]
* 07 Jun 2020 – [[Kunni]] AfDed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kunni delete]'' by [[User:QEDK|QEDK]] on 22 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kunni (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 08 Jun 2020 – [[Chithi Na Koi Sandesh]] AfDed by [[User:Eatcha|Eatcha]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chithi_Na_Koi_Sandesh delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 23 Jun 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chithi Na Koi Sandesh|discussion]]
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bhauji Maay]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhauji_Maay delete]'' by [[User:QEDK|QEDK]] on 01 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bhauji Maay|discussion]]
* 17 Jun 2020 – [[Zameen Jatt Dee Jaan]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Zameen_Jatt_Dee_Jaan delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 02 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zameen Jatt Dee Jaan|discussion]]
* 26 Jun 2020 – [[Kautik Student Film Festival]] AfDed by [[User:The Banner|The Banner]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kautik_Student_Film_Festival delete]'' by [[User:King of Hearts|King of Hearts]] on 03 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kautik Student Film Festival|discussion]]
* 26 Jun 2020 – [[Tankhah]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Tankhah delete]'' by [[User:Bibliomaniac15|Bibliomaniac15]] on 05 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tankhah|discussion]]
* 26 Jun 2020 – [[Rangeen Raten]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Rangeen_Raten delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 06 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rangeen Raten|discussion]]
* 05 Jul 2020 – [[Item number]] AfDed by [[User:Kaisertalk|Kaisertalk]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Usernamekiran|Usernamekiran]] on 07 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Item number|discussion]]
* 01 Jul 2020 – [[Shrimati 420]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Shrimati_420 delete]'' by [[User:King of Hearts|King of Hearts]] on 08 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shrimati 420|discussion]]
* 01 Jul 2020 – [[Mohini (1957 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mohini_(1957_film) delete]'' by [[User:Darkwind|Darkwind]] on 10 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mohini (1957 film)|discussion]]
* 18 Jun 2020 – [[Priyanka Jawalkar]] AfDed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:King of Hearts|King of Hearts]] on 10 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Priyanka Jawalkar|discussion]]
* 26 Jun 2020 – [[Raat Ke Gunaah]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Raat_Ke_Gunaah delete]'' by [[User:King of Hearts|King of Hearts]] on 10 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Raat Ke Gunaah|discussion]]
* 03 Jul 2020 – [[Apradhi (1974 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Devonian Wombat|Devonian Wombat]] on 11 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Apradhi (1974 film)|discussion]]
* 03 Jul 2020 – [[Naag Jyoti]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Naag_Jyoti delete]'' by [[User:MER-C|MER-C]] on 11 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Naag Jyoti|discussion]]
* 05 Jul 2020 – [[Sujeeth]] AfDed by [[User:Tyw7|Tyw7]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Britishfinance|Britishfinance]] on 13 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sujeeth|discussion]]
* 08 Jul 2020 – [[Chham Chhama Chham]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chham_Chhama_Chham delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 15 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chham Chhama Chham|discussion]]
* 12 Jul 2020 – [[Hum Do Anjaane]] AfDed by [[User:TimothyBlue|TimothyBlue]] was closed ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Hum_Do_Anjaane deleted]); [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hum Do Anjaane|discussion]]
* 12 Jul 2020 – [[Aag (1967 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aag_(1967_film) delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 19 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aag (1967 film)|discussion]]
* 12 Jul 2020 – [[Jungle Queen (1956 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jungle_Queen_(1956_film) delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 19 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jungle Queen (1956 film)|discussion]]
* 12 Jul 2020 – [[Hum Sab Chor Hain (1956 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Hum_Sab_Chor_Hain_(1956_film) delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 19 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hum Sab Chor Hain (1956 film)|discussion]]
* 12 Jul 2020 – [[Nai Maa (1960 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nai_Maa_(1960_film) delete]'' by [[User:Stifle|Stifle]] on 20 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nai Maa (1960 film)|discussion]]
* 13 Jul 2020 – [[Karbonn (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Karbonn_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 21 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Karbonn (film)|discussion]]
* 13 Jul 2020 – [[Anjaan (1956 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Anjaan_(1956_film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 21 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Anjaan (1956 film)|discussion]]
* 13 Jul 2020 – [[Aankh Ka Nasha (1956 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aankh_Ka_Nasha_(1956_film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 21 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aankh Ka Nasha (1956 film)|discussion]]
* 13 Jul 2020 – [[Aabroo (1956 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aabroo_(1956_film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 21 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aabroo (1956 film)|discussion]]
* 14 Jul 2020 – [[Idlebrain.com]] AfDed by [[User:MRRaja001|MRRaja001]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Amkgp|Amkgp]] on 21 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Idlebrain.com|discussion]]
* 07 Jul 2020 – [[Do Sholay]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Do_Sholay delete]'' by [[User:BD2412|BD2412]] on 23 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Do Sholay|discussion]]
* 14 Jul 2020 – [[Nivedita Chandel (actress)]] AfDed by [[User:The9Man|The9Man]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nivedita_Chandel_(actress) delete]'' by [[User:TonyBallioni|TonyBallioni]] on 22 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nivedita Chandel (actress)|discussion]]
* 15 Jul 2020 – [[26 January (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=26_January_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 22 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/26 January (film)|discussion]]
* 15 Jul 2020 – [[Aulad Ki Khatir]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aulad_Ki_Khatir delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 22 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aulad Ki Khatir|discussion]]
* 15 Jul 2020 – [[Apna Ghar (1960 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Apna_Ghar_(1960_film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 23 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Apna Ghar (1960 film)|discussion]]
* 07 Jul 2020 – [[Aapne Toh Chhie Bindaas]] AfDed by [[User:Velella|Velella]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aapne_Toh_Chhie_Bindaas delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 24 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aapne Toh Chhie Bindaas|discussion]]
* 16 Jul 2020 – [[Love Story Majhi Aani Tichi]] AfDed by [[User:Rogermx|Rogermx]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Love_Story_Majhi_Aani_Tichi delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 24 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Love Story Majhi Aani Tichi|discussion]]
* 03 Jul 2020 – [[Kaalaippani]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kaalaippani delete]'' by [[User:TonyBallioni|TonyBallioni]] on 25 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kaalaippani|discussion]]
* 19 Jul 2020 – [[Madhavi (1969 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Madhavi_(1969_film) delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 26 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Madhavi (1969 film)|discussion]]
* 19 Jul 2020 – [[Nai Raahen]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nai_Raahen delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 26 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nai Raahen|discussion]]
* 19 Jul 2020 – [[Bus Conductor (1959 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bus_Conductor_(1959_film) delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 26 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bus Conductor (1959 film)|discussion]]
* 21 Jul 2020 – [[Bedaag]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bedaag delete]'' by [[User:TheSandDoctor|TheSandDoctor]] on 29 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bedaag|discussion]]
* 21 Jul 2020 – [[Chingari (1989 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chingari_(1989_film) delete]'' by [[User:The Blade of the Northern Lights|The Blade of the Northern Lights]] on 29 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chingari (1989 film)|discussion]]
* 23 Jul 2020 – [[Tu Jaane Na]] AfDed by [[User:Empire AS|Empire AS]] was closed as ''redirect'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 31 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tu Jaane Na|discussion]]
* 24 Jul 2020 – [[Aayaam]] AfDed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aayaam delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 31 Jul 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aayaam|discussion]]
* 25 Jul 2020 – [[Pheka Pheki]] AfDed by [[User:JavaHurricane|JavaHurricane]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pheka_Pheki delete]'' by [[User:King of Hearts|King of Hearts]] on 02 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pheka Pheki|discussion]]
* 26 Jul 2020 – [[Ram Janma]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ram_Janma delete]'' by [[User:Bibliomaniac15|Bibliomaniac15]] on 03 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ram Janma|discussion]]
* 26 Jul 2020 – [[Ayodhyapati]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ayodhyapati delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 02 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ayodhyapati|discussion]]
* 26 Jul 2020 – [[Jaaydaad]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jaaydaad delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 03 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jaaydaad|discussion]]
* 15 Jul 2020 – [[CandyFlip]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Amkgp|Amkgp]] on 05 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/CandyFlip|discussion]]
* 22 Jul 2020 – [[Lions Gold Awards]] AfDed by [[User:Princepratap1234|Princepratap1234]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Lions_Gold_Awards delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 06 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lions Gold Awards|discussion]]
* 22 Jul 2020 – [[Yama Kinkara]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Yama_Kinkara delete]'' by [[User:BD2412|BD2412]] on 07 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yama Kinkara|discussion]]
* 22 Jul 2020 – [[Kalakar Awards]] AfDed by [[User:Princepratap1234|Princepratap1234]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kalakar_Awards delete]'' by [[User:BD2412|BD2412]] on 07 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kalakar Awards|discussion]]
* 31 Jul 2020 – [[Maman Machan]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Maman_Machan delete]'' by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] on 08 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maman Machan|discussion]]
* 29 Jul 2020 – [[Sudhu Ekbar Bolo]] AfDed by [[User:Velella|Velella]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sudhu_Ekbar_Bolo delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 08 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sudhu Ekbar Bolo|discussion]]
* 31 Jul 2020 – [[Bhai Bahen (1959 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhai_Bahen_(1959_film) delete]'' by [[User:Salvio giuliano|Salvio giuliano]] on 08 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bhai Bahen (1959 film)|discussion]]
* 01 Aug 2020 – [[Ustaad (1989 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ustaad_(1989_film) delete]'' by [[User:Salvio giuliano|Salvio giuliano]] on 09 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ustaad (1989 film)|discussion]]
* 01 Aug 2020 – [[Sikka (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sikka_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Salvio giuliano|Salvio giuliano]] on 09 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sikka (film)|discussion]]
* 02 Aug 2020 – [[List of awards and nominations received by Karisma Kapoor]] AfDed by [[User:Boleyn|Boleyn]] was closed as ''merge'' by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 09 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of awards and nominations received by Karisma Kapoor|discussion]]
* 17 Aug 2020 – [[Harsha CM Gowda]] AfDed by [[User:Hako9|Hako9]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Harsha_CM_Gowda delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 24 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Harsha CM Gowda|discussion]]
* 17 Aug 2020 – [[Manidhan Marivittan]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Manidhan_Marivittan delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 24 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Manidhan Marivittan|discussion]]
* 17 Aug 2020 – [[Sarhad (1960 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sarhad_(1960_film) delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 25 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sarhad (1960 film)|discussion]]
* 08 Aug 2020 – [[Shivani Rangole]] AfDed by [[User:Zoodino|Zoodino]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Shivani_Rangole delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 26 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shivani Rangole (3rd nomination)|discussion]]
* 19 Aug 2020 – [[Mahua (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mahua_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Salvio giuliano|Salvio giuliano]] on 27 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mahua (film) (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 23 Aug 2020 – [[Beyond Blue (film)]] AfDed by [[User:ItsPugle|ItsPugle]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Beyond_Blue_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 30 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Beyond Blue (film)|discussion]]
* 23 Aug 2020 – [[Jai Shiv Shankar]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jai_Shiv_Shankar delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 30 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jai Shiv Shankar|discussion]]
* 26 Aug 2020 – [[Andhra Andagadu]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Andhra_Andagadu delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 02 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andhra Andagadu|discussion]]
* 27 Aug 2020 – [[Chhota Bheem In Junglee Kabila]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''delete'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 03 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chhota Bheem In Junglee Kabila (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 29 Aug 2020 – [[Sandeep Mehta]] AfDed by [[User:Sunshine1191|Sunshine1191]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sandeep_Mehta delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 05 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sandeep Mehta|discussion]]
* 27 Aug 2020 – [[Chhota Bheem: Dholakpur ke Khiladi]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''delete'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 06 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chhota Bheem: Dholakpur ke Khiladi|discussion]]
* 30 Aug 2020 – [[Taxi Driver (1981 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Taxi_Driver_(1981_film) delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 06 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Taxi Driver (1981 film)|discussion]]
* 05 Sep 2020 – [[Idi Pellantara]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 06 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Idi Pellantara|discussion]]
* 30 Aug 2020 – [[Prema Geema Jaane Do]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Prema_Geema_Jaane_Do delete]'' by [[User:JJMC89|JJMC89]] on 07 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Prema Geema Jaane Do|discussion]]
* 30 Aug 2020 – [[Paanch Papi]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Paanch_Papi delete]'' by [[User:JJMC89|JJMC89]] on 07 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Paanch Papi|discussion]]
* 30 Aug 2020 – [[Prayashchit]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Prayashchit delete]'' by [[User:JJMC89|JJMC89]] on 07 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Prayashchit|discussion]]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Manasulo Maata]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Manasulo_Maata delete]'' by [[User:JJMC89|JJMC89]] on 07 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Manasulo Maata|discussion]]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Sunil Vayassu 20]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sunil_Vayassu_20 delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 07 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sunil Vayassu 20|discussion]]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Bindiya (1955 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bindiya_(1955_film) delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 07 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bindiya (1955 film)|discussion]]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Gauri Shankar (1958 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gauri_Shankar_(1958_film) delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 07 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gauri Shankar (1958 film)|discussion]]
* 01 Sep 2020 – [[Yalgaar (1992 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Yalgaar_(1992_film) delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 08 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yalgaar (1992 film)|discussion]]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Kaviyude Osyath]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kaviyude_Osyath delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 08 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kaviyude Osyath (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 01 Sep 2020 – [[Unnil Tholaindhein]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Unnil_Tholaindhein delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 08 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Unnil Tholaindhein|discussion]]
* 01 Sep 2020 – [[Night Club (1958 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Night_Club_(1958_film) delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 08 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Night Club (1958 film)|discussion]]
* 01 Sep 2020 – [[Kahin Aar Kahin Paar]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kahin_Aar_Kahin_Paar delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 09 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kahin Aar Kahin Paar|discussion]]
* 03 Sep 2020 – [[For Sale (2013 film)]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=For_Sale_(2013_film) delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 10 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/For Sale (2013 film)|discussion]]
* 03 Sep 2020 – [[Ezham Suryan]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ezham_Suryan delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 10 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ezham Suryan|discussion]]
* 03 Sep 2020 – [[Kadhayile Nayika]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kadhayile_Nayika delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 10 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kadhayile Nayika|discussion]]
* 02 Sep 2020 – [[Unees-Bees]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Unees-Bees delete]'' by [[User:Stifle|Stifle]] on 11 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Unees-Bees|discussion]]
* 04 Sep 2020 – [[Zimbo Ka Beta]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Zimbo_Ka_Beta delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 11 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zimbo Ka Beta|discussion]]
* 05 Sep 2020 – [[Aisi Bhi Kya Jaldi Hai]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aisi_Bhi_Kya_Jaldi_Hai delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 12 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aisi Bhi Kya Jaldi Hai|discussion]]
* 05 Sep 2020 – [[Mahal (1989 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mahal_(1989_film) delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 12 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mahal (1989 film)|discussion]]
* 05 Sep 2020 – [[Apna Bana Lo]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Apna_Bana_Lo delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 12 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Apna Bana Lo|discussion]]
* 05 Sep 2020 – [[Gopalaa]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gopalaa delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 12 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gopalaa|discussion]]
* 06 Sep 2020 – [[Varadhi]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Varadhi delete]'' by [[User:JJMC89|JJMC89]] on 14 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Varadhi|discussion]]
* 12 Sep 2020 – [[Kal: Yesterday and Tomorrow]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 14 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kal: Yesterday and Tomorrow|discussion]]
* 08 Sep 2020 – [[Kalabham]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kalabham delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 15 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kalabham|discussion]]
* 10 Sep 2020 – [[Needar the Fearless]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Needar_the_Fearless delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 17 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Needar the Fearless|discussion]]
* 08 Sep 2020 – [[Priyanka Jawalkar]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''redirect'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 18 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Priyanka Jawalkar (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 09 Sep 2020 – [[Puvisha Manoharan]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Puvisha_Manoharan delete]'' by [[User:BD2412|BD2412]] on 18 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Puvisha Manoharan|discussion]]
* 10 Sep 2020 – [[Mastan Dada]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mastan_Dada delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 17 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mastan Dada|discussion]]
* 11 Sep 2020 – [[Mane Magalu]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mane_Magalu delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 18 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mane Magalu|discussion]]
* 02 Sep 2020 – [[Madhu Malti]] AfDed by [[User:Sunshine1191|Sunshine1191]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 20 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Madhu Malti|discussion]]
* 09 Sep 2020 – [[Wahan Ke Log]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Czar|Czar]] on 23 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wahan Ke Log|discussion]]
* 03 Sep 2020 – [[Naaka Bandi]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Naaka_Bandi delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 23 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Naaka Bandi|discussion]]
* 12 Sep 2020 – [[Suna Pila Tike Screw Dhila]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Suna_Pila_Tike_Screw_Dhila delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 24 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Suna Pila Tike Screw Dhila|discussion]]
* 10 Sep 2020 – [[Yeh Dil Kisko Doon]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Ritchie333|Ritchie333]] on 25 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yeh Dil Kisko Doon|discussion]]
* 17 Sep 2020 – [[Satra Ko Shaadi Hai]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Satra_Ko_Shaadi_Hai delete]'' by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] on 25 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Satra Ko Shaadi Hai (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 18 Sep 2020 – [[Archana Mosale]] AfDed by [[User:The9Man|The9Man]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Archana_Mosale delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 25 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Archana Mosale (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 19 Sep 2020 – [[Dwitiyo Ripu]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dwitiyo_Ripu delete]'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 26 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dwitiyo Ripu (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 20 Sep 2020 – [[Kasethan Kadavulada (2011 film)]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Malcolmxl5|Malcolmxl5]] on 27 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kasethan Kadavulada (2011 film)|discussion]]
* 21 Sep 2020 – [[Lajja (2016 film)]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Lajja_(2016_film) delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 28 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lajja (2016 film)|discussion]]
* 21 Sep 2020 – [[Double Trouble (2012 Telugu film)]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Double_Trouble_(2012_Telugu_film) delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 28 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Double Trouble (2012 Telugu film)|discussion]]
* 21 Sep 2020 – [[Meharbaani]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Meharbaani delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 28 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Meharbaani|discussion]]
* 23 Sep 2020 – [[Tina & Lolo]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Tina_%26_Lolo delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 30 Sep 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tina & Lolo|discussion]]
* 25 Sep 2020 – [[Vettai Karuppar Ayya]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Vettai_Karuppar_Ayya delete]'' by [[User:Izno|Izno]] on 03 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vettai Karuppar Ayya|discussion]]
* 25 Sep 2020 – [[Maama Machan]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Maama_Machan delete]'' by [[User:Izno|Izno]] on 03 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maama Machan|discussion]]
* 27 Sep 2020 – [[Adavi Kaachina Vennela]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Adavi_Kaachina_Vennela delete]'' by [[User:Czar|Czar]] on 04 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adavi Kaachina Vennela|discussion]]
* 11 Sep 2020 – [[Waluscha De Sousa]] AfDed by [[User:Tw123456|Tw123456]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Buidhe|Buidhe]] on 04 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Waluscha De Sousa|discussion]]
* 27 Sep 2020 – [[Paap Ki Aandhi]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Paap_Ki_Aandhi delete]'' by [[User:TheSandDoctor|TheSandDoctor]] on 05 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Paap Ki Aandhi|discussion]]
* 26 Sep 2020 – [[Kolahala]] AfDed by [[User:Timtrent|Timtrent]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kolahala delete]'' by [[User:Mojo Hand|Mojo Hand]] on 05 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kolahala|discussion]]
* 10 Sep 2020 – [[Jawani Ki Hawa (1959 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jawani_Ki_Hawa_(1959_film) delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 07 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jawani Ki Hawa (1959 film)|discussion]]
* 26 Sep 2020 – [[Dharma Karma]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dharma_Karma delete]'' by [[User:Spartaz|Spartaz]] on 08 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dharma Karma|discussion]]
* 20 Sep 2020 – [[Shatranj Ke Mohre]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Shatranj_Ke_Mohre delete]'' by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] on 09 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shatranj Ke Mohre|discussion]]
* 24 Sep 2020 – [[Aditi Myakal]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aditi_Myakal delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 12 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aditi Myakal|discussion]]
* 26 Sep 2020 – [[Devar]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Mojo Hand|Mojo Hand]] on 12 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Devar|discussion]]
* 03 Oct 2020 – [[Anyay Abichar]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Anyay_Abichar delete]'' by [[User:TheSandDoctor|TheSandDoctor]] on 12 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Anyay Abichar|discussion]]
* 05 Oct 2020 – [[Sahasavanthudu]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sahasavanthudu delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 13 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sahasavanthudu|discussion]]
* 06 Oct 2020 – [[Potential Studios]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Potential_Studios delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 13 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Potential Studios|discussion]]
* 29 Sep 2020 – [[Durai Sudhakar]] AfDed by [[User:The9Man|The9Man]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Durai_Sudhakar delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 14 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Durai Sudhakar|discussion]]
* 18 Sep 2020 – [[24 Mani Neram]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Spartaz|Spartaz]] on 16 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/24 Mani Neram|discussion]]
* 02 Oct 2020 – [[Deepak Agrawal]] AfDed by [[User:Hatchens|Hatchens]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Deepak_Agrawal delete]'' by [[User:Czar|Czar]] on 17 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Deepak Agrawal (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 11 Oct 2020 – [[Hum Sub Chor Hain (1973 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 18 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hum Sab Chor Hain (1973 film)|discussion]]
* 11 Oct 2020 – [[Saiee Manjrekar]] AfDed by [[User:AllyD|AllyD]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Saiee_Manjrekar delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 20 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Saiee Manjrekar (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 06 Oct 2020 – [[Vijay Sethupathi Productions]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''redirect'' by [[User:Pamzeis|Pamzeis]] on 21 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vijay Sethupathi Productions|discussion]]
* 27 Sep 2020 – [[Banthi Poola Janaki]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Girth Summit|Girth Summit]] on 21 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Banthi Poola Janaki|discussion]]
* 06 Oct 2020 – [[Stone Bench Creations]] AfDed by [[User:Salimfadhley|Salimfadhley]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Stone_Bench_Creations delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 21 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Stone Bench Creations (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 27 Sep 2020 – [[Dhanalakshmi Talupu Tadite]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dhanalakshmi_Talupu_Tadite delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 26 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dhanalakshmi Talupu Tadite|discussion]]
* 25 Sep 2020 – [[Nenem…Chinna Pillana?]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 27 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nenem…Chinna Pillana?|discussion]]
* 27 Sep 2020 – [[1000 – Oru Note Paranja Katha]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:78.26|78.26]] on 27 Oct 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/1000 – Oru Note Paranja Katha|discussion]]
* 19 Oct 2020 – [[Kaali Khuhi]] AfDed by [[User:Captain Calm|Captain Calm]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 02 Nov 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kaali Khuhi|discussion]]
* 26 Oct 2020 – [[Rambarooti]] AfDed by [[User:The9Man|The9Man]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Rambarooti delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 02 Nov 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rambarooti|discussion]]
* 26 Oct 2020 – [[Andaala Amitabh Bachchan]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Andaala_Amitabh_Bachchan delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 02 Nov 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andaala Amitabh Bachchan|discussion]]
* 27 Oct 2020 – [[Tor Naam]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Tor_Naam delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 03 Nov 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tor Naam|discussion]]
* 18 Oct 2020 – [[Antarnaad]] AfDed by [[User:Sunshine1191|Sunshine1191]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:TheSandDoctor|TheSandDoctor]] on 03 Nov 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Antarnaad|discussion]]
* 27 Oct 2020 – [[Kadamkadha]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kadamkadha delete]'' by [[User:Geschichte|Geschichte]] on 03 Nov 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kadamkadha|discussion]]
* 04 Oct 2020 – [[Meri Jung Ka Elaan]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Meri_Jung_Ka_Elaan delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 06 Nov 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Meri Jung Ka Elaan|discussion]]
* 18 Oct 2020 – [[Antarnaad]] AfDed by [[User:Sunshine1191|Sunshine1191]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:TheSandDoctor|TheSandDoctor]] on 03 Nov 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Antarnaad|discussion]]
* 27 Oct 2020 – [[Kadamkadha]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kadamkadha delete]'' by [[User:Geschichte|Geschichte]] on 03 Nov 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kadamkadha|discussion]]
* 30 Oct 2020 – [[Shan (actor)]] AfDed by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Shan_(actor) delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 08 Nov 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shan (actor)|discussion]]
* 04 Nov 2020 – [[Aaj Ka Daur]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:JGHowes|JGHowes]] on 19 Nov 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aaj Ka Daur|discussion]]
* 08 Aug 2020 – [[Shivani Rangole]] AfDed by [[User:Zoodino|Zoodino]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Shivani_Rangole delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 26 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shivani Rangole (3rd nomination)|discussion]]
* 23 Nov 2020 – [[Abayob: Face the Devil Inside]] AfDed by [[User:আফতাবুজ্জামান|আফতাবুজ্জামান]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Abayob%3a_Face_the_Devil_Inside delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 02 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Abayob: Face the Devil Inside|discussion]]
* 29 Nov 2020 – [[Neeraj Udhwani]] AfDed by [[User:Martin Urbanec|Martin Urbanec]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Neeraj_Udhwani delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 07 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Neeraj Udhwani|discussion]]
* 01 Dec 2020 – [[Aangan (1959 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aangan_(1959_film) delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 08 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aangan (1959 film)|discussion]]
* 01 Dec 2020 – [[Bhagam Bhag (1956 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhagam_Bhag_(1956_film) delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 08 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bhagam Bhag (1956 film)|discussion]]
* 03 Dec 2020 – [[Jorr Jatt Da]] AfDed by [[User:Heba Aisha|Heba Aisha]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jorr_Jatt_Da delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 08 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jorr Jatt Da|discussion]]
* 03 Dec 2020 – [[Badla Jatti Da]] AfDed by [[User:Heba Aisha|Heba Aisha]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Badla_Jatti_Da delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 10 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Badla Jatti Da|discussion]]
* 03 Dec 2020 – [[Jatt Jeona Mour (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Heba Aisha|Heba Aisha]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jatt_Jeona_Mour_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 17 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jatt Jeona Mour (film)|discussion]]
* 13 Dec 2020 – [[Gopichand Jasoos]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gopichand_Jasoos delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 20 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gopichand Jasoos|discussion]]
* 03 Dec 2020 – [[Jatt Romantic]] AfDed by [[User:Heba Aisha|Heba Aisha]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jatt_Romantic delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 25 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jatt Romantic|discussion]]
* 16 Dec 2020 – [[Jatt Airways]] AfDed by [[User:Heba Aisha|Heba Aisha]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jatt_Airways delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 24 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jatt Airways|discussion]]
* 16 Dec 2020 – [[Bhanwarey]] AfDed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhanwarey delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 24 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bhanwarey|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Pidichirukku]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Geschichte|Geschichte]] on 27 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pidichirukku|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Laptop (2008 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Geschichte|Geschichte]] on 27 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Laptop (2008 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Rajali]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Geschichte|Geschichte]] on 27 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rajali|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Sreedevi (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sreedevi (film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Arappavan]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Jovanmilic97|Jovanmilic97]] on 28 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Arappavan|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Gulmohar (2008 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gulmohar_(2008_film) delete]'' by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gulmohar (2008 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Puthukkottayile Puthumanavalan]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Puthukkottayile_Puthumanavalan delete]'' by [[User:Arbitrarily0|Arbitrarily0]] on 28 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Puthukkottayile Puthumanavalan|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Mimics Super 1000]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mimics_Super_1000 delete]'' by [[User:Arbitrarily0|Arbitrarily0]] on 28 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mimics Super 1000|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Pallivaathukkal Thommichan]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pallivaathukkal_Thommichan delete]'' by [[User:Arbitrarily0|Arbitrarily0]] on 28 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pallivaathukkal Thommichan|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[K. L. 7/95 Ernakulam North]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=K._L._7%2f95_Ernakulam_North delete]'' by [[User:Arbitrarily0|Arbitrarily0]] on 28 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/K. L. 7/95 Ernakulam North|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Lion (2006 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Lion_(2006_film) delete]'' by [[User:Arbitrarily0|Arbitrarily0]] on 28 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lion (2006 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Malsaram (2004 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Malsaram_(2004_film) delete]'' by [[User:Arbitrarily0|Arbitrarily0]] on 28 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Malsaram (2004 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Swarna Kireedam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Swarna_Kireedam delete]'' by [[User:Arbitrarily0|Arbitrarily0]] on 28 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Swarna Kireedam|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Naalamkettile Nalla Thampimar]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Naalamkettile_Nalla_Thampimar delete]'' by [[User:Arbitrarily0|Arbitrarily0]] on 28 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Naalamkettile Nalla Thampimar|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Maaman Magal (1995 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Jovanmilic97|Jovanmilic97]] on 28 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maaman Magal (1995 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Gloria Fernandes from USA]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gloria_Fernandes_from_USA delete]'' by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gloria Fernandes from USA|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Mannadiar Penninu Chenkotta Checkan]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mannadiar_Penninu_Chenkotta_Checkan delete]'' by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mannadiar Penninu Chenkotta Checkan|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Gajaraja Manthram]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gajaraja_Manthram delete]'' by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gajaraja Manthram|discussion]]
* 12 Dec 2020 – [[Kokkarakko (1983 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kokkarakko_(1983_film) delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kokkarakko (1983 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Kokkarakko]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kokkarakko delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kokkarakko|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Mouna Raagam (1983 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mouna_Raagam_(1983_film) delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mouna Raagam (1983 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Ummini Thanka]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ummini_Thanka delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ummini Thanka|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Kalyanappittannu]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kalyanappittannu delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kalyanappittannu|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Golmaal Govindam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Golmaal_Govindam delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Golmaal Govindam|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[The Don (2006 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=The_Don_(2006_film) delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Don (2006 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Aana (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aana_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aana (film)|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Aakasha Gopuram]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] on 30 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aakasha Gopuram|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Greeshmam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Greeshmam delete]'' by [[User:Geschichte|Geschichte]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Greeshmam|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Thamburaan]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thamburaan delete]'' by [[User:Geschichte|Geschichte]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thamburaan|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Nagarathil Kallanmar]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nagarathil_Kallanmar delete]'' by [[User:Geschichte|Geschichte]] on 29 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nagarathil Kallanmar|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Aalolam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aalolam delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 30 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aalolam|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Palangal]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Palangal delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 30 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Palangal|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Desam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Desam delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 30 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Desam|discussion]]
* 23 Dec 2020 – [[Gal Sun Ho Gaya]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gal_Sun_Ho_Gaya delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 30 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gal Sun Ho Gaya|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Hey Sinamika]] AfDed by [[User:Zppix|Zppix]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Zppix|Zppix]] on 31 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hey Sinamika|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Jeevana Jyothi (1988 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Missvain|Missvain]] on 31 Dec 2020; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jeevana Jyothi (1988 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Veena Poovu (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Veena_Poovu_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 03 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Veena Poovu (film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Neranja Manasu]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:BD2412|BD2412]] on 04 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Neranja Manasu|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Athidhi (1975 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Athidhi_(1975_film) delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 04 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Athidhi (1975 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Sujatha (1977 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sujatha_(1977_film) delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 04 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sujatha (1977 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Plus (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Plus_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Ritchie333|Ritchie333]] on 04 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Plus (film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Thangarasu]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thangarasu delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 05 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thangarasu|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Thozhar Pandian]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Geschichte|Geschichte]] on 05 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thozhar Pandian|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Sulthan Hyderali]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sulthan_Hyderali delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 05 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sulthan Hyderali|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[De Ingottu Nokkiye]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Geschichte|Geschichte]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/De Ingottu Nokkiye|discussion]]
* 28 Dec 2020 – [[Synthetic Sati]] AfDed by [[User:আফতাবুজ্জামান|আফতাবুজ্জামান]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Synthetic_Sati delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 05 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Synthetic Sati|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Poothali]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Poothali delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Poothali|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Sthreehridayam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sthreehridayam delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sthreehridayam|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Neeli Saali]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Neeli_Saali delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Neeli Saali|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Unniyarcha (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Unniyarcha_(film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Unniyarcha (film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Krishna Kuchela]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Krishna_Kuchela delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Krishna Kuchela|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Jnaanasundari]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jnaanasundari delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jnaanasundari|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Kadal (1994 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kadal_(1994_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kadal (1994 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Bharya (1994 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bharya_(1994_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bharya (1994 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[English Medium (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=English_Medium_(film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/English Medium (film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Dravidan (1998 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dravidan_(1998_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dravidan (1998 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Sabarimala Ayyappan]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sabarimala_Ayyappan delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sabarimala Ayyappan|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[First Bell]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=First_Bell delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/First Bell|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Indrajaalam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Indrajaalam delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Indrajaalam|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Gajakesariyogam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gajakesariyogam delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gajakesariyogam|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Dr. Pasupathy]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dr._Pasupathy delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dr. Pasupathy|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Ikkareyanente Manasam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ikkareyanente_Manasam delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ikkareyanente Manasam|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Pennmakkal]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pennmakkal delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pennmakkal|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Jail (1966 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jail_(1966_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jail (1966 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Kadamattathachan (1966 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kadamattathachan_(1966_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kadamattathachan (1966 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Thacholi Othenan (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thacholi_Othenan_(film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thacholi Othenan (film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Kulapathy]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kulapathy delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kulapathy|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Dollar (1994 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dollar_(1994_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dollar (1994 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Vishnu (1994 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Vishnu_(1994_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vishnu (1994 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[The Tiger (2005 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=The_Tiger_(2005_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Tiger (2005 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Thavalam (2008 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thavalam_(2008_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thavalam (2008 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Mayabazar (2008 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mayabazar_(2008_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mayabazar (2008 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Excuse Me Ethu Collegila]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Excuse_Me_Ethu_Collegila delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Excuse Me Ethu Collegila|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Wanted (2004 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Wanted_(2004_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wanted (2004 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Ithiri Neram Othiri Karyam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ithiri_Neram_Othiri_Karyam delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ithiri Neram Othiri Karyam|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Prasnam Gurutharam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Prasnam_Gurutharam delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Prasnam Gurutharam|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Sesham Kazhchayil]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sesham_Kazhchayil delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sesham Kazhchayil|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Guru Sishyan (1997 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Guru_Sishyan_(1997_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Guru Sishyan (1997 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Parankimala (2014 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Parankimala_(2014_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Parankimala (2014 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Kannur (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kannur_(film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kannur (film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Boxer (1995 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Boxer_(1995_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Boxer (1995 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Irrikku M.D. Akathudu]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Irrikku_M.D._Akathudu delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Irrikku M.D. Akathudu|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Appu (1990 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Appu_(1990_film) delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Appu (1990 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Shobhanam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Shobhanam delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shobhanam|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Nee Ente Lahari]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nee_Ente_Lahari delete]'' by [[User:AmandaNP|AmandaNP]] on 06 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nee Ente Lahari|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Varum Varunnu Vannu]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Varum_Varunnu_Vannu delete]'' by [[User:RL0919|RL0919]] on 07 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Varum Varunnu Vannu|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Krishna (film series)]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Krishna_(film_series) delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 08 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Krishna (film series)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Arabia (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Arabia_(film) delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 08 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Arabia (film)|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Pooram (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pooram_(film) delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 08 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pooram (film)|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Kattu Vannu Vilichappol]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kattu_Vannu_Vilichappol delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 08 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kattu Vannu Vilichappol|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Ilakkangal]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ilakkangal delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 08 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ilakkangal|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Njan Onnu Parayatte]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Njan_Onnu_Parayatte delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 08 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Njan Onnu Parayatte|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Snehapoorvam Meera]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Snehapoorvam_Meera delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 08 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Snehapoorvam Meera|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Amrutha Geetham]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Amrutha_Geetham delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 08 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Amrutha Geetham|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Bharya Swantham Suhruthu]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bharya_Swantham_Suhruthu delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 08 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bharya Swantham Suhruthu|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Jeevitham (1984 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jeevitham_(1984_film) delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 08 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jeevitham (1984 film)|discussion]]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Aayatya Gharat Gharoba]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aayatya_Gharat_Gharoba delete]'' by [[User:MBisanz|MBisanz]] on 08 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aayatya Gharat Gharoba|discussion]]
* 01 Jan 2021 – [[Indulekha (1967 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Indulekha_(1967_film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 08 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Indulekha (1967 film)|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Joo Laka Taka]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Joo_Laka_Taka delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 12 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Joo Laka Taka|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Chevilo Puvvu]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''redirect'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 12 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chevilo Puvvu|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[God Father (1995 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=God_Father_(1995_film) delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 12 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/God Father (1995 film)|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Sakshi (1989 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sakshi_(1989_film) delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 12 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sakshi (1989 film)|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Yamajathakudu]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Yamajathakudu delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 12 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yamajathakudu|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Navvulata]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Navvulata delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 12 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Navvulata|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Savaari (2018 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 12 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Savaari (2018 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Thalastaanam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Geschichte|Geschichte]] on 12 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thalastaanam|discussion]]
* 05 Jan 2021 – [[Teejay Karthi]] AfDed by [[User:Spiderone|Spiderone]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Teejay_Karthi delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 12 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Teejay Karthi|discussion]]
* 06 Jan 2021 – [[Dadasaheb Phalke International Film Festival Awards South]] AfDed by [[User:Cyphoidbomb|Cyphoidbomb]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dadasaheb_Phalke_International_Film_Festival_Awards_South delete]'' by [[User:Geschichte|Geschichte]] on 13 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dadasaheb Phalke International Film Festival Awards South|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Ozhukkinethire]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ozhukkinethire delete]'' by [[User:Nosebagbear|Nosebagbear]] on 13 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ozhukkinethire|discussion]]
* 08 Jan 2021 – [[Raat (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was ''withdrawn'' by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 13 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Raat (film)|discussion]]
* 30 Dec 2020 – [[U – Kathe Hero]] AfDed by [[User:Ab207|Ab207]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=U_%e2%80%93_Kathe_Hero delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 15 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/U – Kathe Hero|discussion]]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Pattabhishekam (1999 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pattabhishekam_(1999_film) delete]'' by [[User:Nosebagbear|Nosebagbear]] on 14 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pattabhishekam (1999 film)|discussion]]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Aanimuthyam]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aanimuthyam delete]'' by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] on 14 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aanimuthyam|discussion]]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Rana (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Rana_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 14 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rana (film) (3rd nomination)|discussion]]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Gopala Rao Gari Abbayi]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gopala_Rao_Gari_Abbayi delete]'' by [[User:BD2412|BD2412]] on 15 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gopala Rao Gari Abbayi|discussion]]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Love in Singapore (2009 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 14 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Love in Singapore (2009 film)|discussion]]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Ente Hridayathinte Udama]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ente_Hridayathinte_Udama delete]'' by [[User:Mz7|Mz7]] on 16 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ente Hridayathinte Udama|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Ranger (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ranger_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 16 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ranger (film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Vamsam (1997 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Vamsam_(1997_film) delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 17 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vamsam (1997 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[April 19 (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=April_19_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 16 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/April 19 (film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Karma (1995 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Karma_(1995_film) delete]'' by [[User:Liz|Liz]] on 16 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Karma (1995 film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Meen (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Meen_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 16 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Meen (film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Thirupathi (2006 Kannada film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thirupathi_(2006_Kannada_film) delete]'' by [[User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] on 16 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thirupathi (2006 Kannada film)|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Asthram]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 16 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Asthram|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Daanveer]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Daanveer delete]'' by [[User:Mz7|Mz7]] on 16 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Daanveer|discussion]]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Poola Rangadu (1989 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Poola_Rangadu_(1989_film) delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 16 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Poola Rangadu (1989 film)|discussion]]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Jeevana Ganga]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jeevana_Ganga delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 16 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jeevana Ganga|discussion]]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Seetapathi Chalo Tirupathi]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Seetapathi_Chalo_Tirupathi delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 16 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Seetapathi Chalo Tirupathi|discussion]]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Subhamastu]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Subhamastu delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 16 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Subhamastu|discussion]]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[What the Jatt!!]] AfDed by [[User:Heba Aisha|Heba Aisha]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=What_the_Jatt!! delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 18 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/What the Jatt!!|discussion]]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Suprabhatam (1998 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Suprabhatam_(1998_film) delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 17 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Suprabhatam (1998 film)|discussion]]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Jubilee (2008 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jubilee_(2008_film) delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 19 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jubilee (2008 film)|discussion]]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Annorikkal]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Annorikkal delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 19 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Annorikkal|discussion]]
* 12 Jan 2021 – [[Jai Bajarangabhali]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jai_Bajarangabhali delete]'' by [[User:Nosebagbear|Nosebagbear]] on 19 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jai Bajarangabhali|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Bhale Dampathulu]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhale_Dampathulu delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 20 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bhale Dampathulu|discussion]]
* 13 Jan 2021 – [[Yugandhar (1993 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Yugandhar_(1993_film) delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 20 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yugandhar (1993 film)|discussion]]
* 13 Jan 2021 – [[Virsa Arts]] AfDed by [[User:RationalPuff|RationalPuff]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Virsa_Arts delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 21 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Virsa Arts|discussion]]
* 08 Jan 2021 – [[Praja]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Geschichte|Geschichte]] on 23 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Praja|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Abhirami (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 24 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Abhirami (film)|discussion]]
* 06 Jan 2021 – [[Sandhyaragam (1979 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Spiderone|Spiderone]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sandhyaragam_(1979_film) delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 24 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sandhyaragam (1979 film)|discussion]]
* 16 Jan 2021 – [[Oraal]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Oraal delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 24 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Oraal|discussion]]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Sthree (1970 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sthree_(1970_film) delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 25 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sthree (1970 film)|discussion]]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Kanmashi]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kanmashi delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 25 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kanmashi|discussion]]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Kalachakram (2002 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kalachakram_(2002_film) delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 26 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kalachakram (2002 film)|discussion]]
* 18 Jan 2021 – [[January 31 (film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=January_31_(film) delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 26 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/January 31 (film)|discussion]]
* 18 Jan 2021 – [[The Great Leader Kanshiram]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''redirect'' by [[User:TheSandDoctor|TheSandDoctor]] on 25 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Great Leader Kanshiram|discussion]]
* 20 Jan 2021 – [[Chinnodu Peddodu]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chinnodu_Peddodu delete]'' by [[User:The Earwig|The Earwig]] on 28 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chinnodu Peddodu|discussion]]
* 21 Jan 2021 – [[Apparaoki Oka Nela Thappindi]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Apparaoki_Oka_Nela_Thappindi delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 29 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Apparaoki Oka Nela Thappindi|discussion]]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Swapnalokam]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Swapnalokam delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 29 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Swapnalokam|discussion]]
* 20 Jan 2021 – [[Kidilol Kidilam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kidilol_Kidilam delete]'' by [[User:Mz7|Mz7]] on 30 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kidilol Kidilam|discussion]]
* 22 Jan 2021 – [[Muthu (1976 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Muthu_(1976_film) delete]'' by [[User:Tone|Tone]] on 29 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Muthu (1976 film)|discussion]]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Hariharan Pillai Happy Aanu]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Hariharan_Pillai_Happy_Aanu delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 30 Jan 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hariharan Pillai Happy Aanu|discussion]]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Ssh..Silence Please]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ssh..Silence_Please delete]'' by [[User:Ritchie333|Ritchie333]] on 02 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ssh..Silence Please|discussion]]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Teerpu]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''delete'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 02 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Teerpu|discussion]]
* 25 Jan 2021 – [[Maya Bazaar (1995 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Maya_Bazaar_(1995_film) delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 03 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maya Bazaar (1995 film)|discussion]]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Sunshine Music Tours and Travels]] AfDed by [[User:Hatchens|Hatchens]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Mz7|Mz7]] on 03 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sunshine Music Tours and Travels|discussion]]
* 29 Jan 2021 – [[Premalo...ABC]] AfDed by [[User:Pinktoebeans|Pinktoebeans]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Premalo...ABC delete]'' by [[User:Northamerica1000|Northamerica1000]] on 06 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Premalo...ABC|discussion]]
* 30 Jan 2021 – [[Mukhyamanthri (1985 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mukhyamanthri_(1985_film) delete]'' by [[User:Premeditated Chaos|Premeditated Chaos]] on 06 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mukhyamanthri (1985 film)|discussion]]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[ASA Productions and Enterprises]] AfDed by [[User:Hatchens|Hatchens]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=ASA_Productions_and_Enterprises delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 10 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ASA Productions and Enterprises|discussion]]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Pramukhan]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pramukhan delete]'' by [[User:Sandstein|Sandstein]] on 11 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pramukhan|discussion]]
* 04 Feb 2021 – [[Chalachithrolsavam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chalachithrolsavam delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 11 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chalachithrolsavam|discussion]]
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Youth Festival]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Youth_Festival delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 14 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Youth Festival|discussion]]
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Islamic Exorcist]] AfDed by [[User:Cyphoidbomb|Cyphoidbomb]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Islamic_Exorcist delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 14 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Islamic Exorcist|discussion]]
* 07 Feb 2021 – [[Sheitaan]] AfDed by [[User:Cyphoidbomb|Cyphoidbomb]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sheitaan delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 14 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sheitaan|discussion]]
* 23 Jan 2021 – [[Bulundi]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 16 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bulundi|discussion]]
* 30 Jan 2021 – [[Operation Java]] AfDed by [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] was closed by [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] on 16 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Operation Java|discussion]]
* 01 Feb 2021 – [[This Weekend]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=This_Weekend delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 17 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/This Weekend (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Mukhyamantri (2009 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mukhyamantri_(2009_film) delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 19 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mukhyamantri (2009 film)|discussion]]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Kochi Rajavu]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Black Kite|Black Kite]] on 19 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kochi Rajavu|discussion]]
* 14 Feb 2021 – [[Cheppina Evaru Nammaru]] AfDed by [[User:Vaticidalprophet|Vaticidalprophet]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Cheppina_Evaru_Nammaru delete]'' by [[User:Eddie891|Eddie891]] on 21 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cheppina Evaru Nammaru|discussion]]
* 31 Jan 2021 – [[Chandranilekkoru Vazhi]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chandranilekkoru_Vazhi delete]'' by [[User:Czar|Czar]] on 24 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chandranilekkoru Vazhi|discussion]]
* 23 Feb 2021 – [[Thumboli Kadappuram]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] on 24 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thumboli Kadappuram|discussion]]
* 13 Feb 2021 – [[Thilakam (2002 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thilakam_(2002_film) delete]'' by [[User:Vanamonde93|Vanamonde93]] on 28 Feb 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thilakam (2002 film)|discussion]]
* 21 Feb 2021 – [[Ancharakalyanam]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ancharakalyanam delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 04 Mar 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ancharakalyanam|discussion]]
* 28 Feb 2021 – [[Oruvan (1999 film)]] AfDed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Whpq|Whpq]] on 05 Mar 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Oruvan (1999 film)|discussion]]
* 23 Feb 2021 – [[Punnaram]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Punnaram delete]'' by [[User:Go Phightins!|Go Phightins!]] on 10 Mar 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Punnaram|discussion]]
* 04 Mar 2021 – [[Aan Baan (1956 film)]] AfDed by [[User:DanCherek|DanCherek]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aan_Baan_(1956_film) delete]'' by [[User:Daniel|Daniel]] on 11 Mar 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aan Baan (1956 film)|discussion]]
* 06 Mar 2021 – [[Aanenkilum Allenkilum]] AfDed by [[User:Jupitus Smart|Jupitus Smart]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aanenkilum_Allenkilum delete]'' by [[User:Mojo Hand|Mojo Hand]] on 14 Mar 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aanenkilum Allenkilum (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 13 Mar 2021 – [[Super Over (film)]] AfDed by [[User:MrsSnoozyTurtle|MrsSnoozyTurtle]] was closed as ''keep'' by [[User:Goldsztajn|Goldsztajn]] on 17 Mar 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Super Over (film)|discussion]]
* 18 Mar 2021 – [[Teejay Karthi]] AfDed by [[User:AngryHarpy|AngryHarpy]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Teejay_Karthi delete]'' by [[User:Usernamekiran|Usernamekiran]] on 18 Mar 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Teejay Karthi (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 23 Feb 2021 – [[Anantha Vruthantham]] AfDed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed as ''no consensus'' by [[User:Go Phightins!|Go Phightins!]] on 20 Mar 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Anantha Vruthantham|discussion]]
* 23 Mar 2021 – [[Max Brothers Design]] AfDed by [[User:Pilean|Pilean]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Max_Brothers_Design delete]'' by [[User:LaundryPizza03|LaundryPizza03]] on 23 Mar 2021; [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Max Brothers Design|discussion]]
{{anchor|AfDbottom}}

== GAN ==
{{anchor|GAN}}
* 01 Sep 2018 – [[Mukkabaaz]] GA nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was closed; [[Talk:Mukkabaaz/GA1|discussion]]
* 19 Oct 2018 – [[Sathi Leelavathi (1936 film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Talk:Sathi Leelavathi (1936 film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 21 Nov 2018 – [[Priyamaanavale]] GA nominated by [[User:Balasubramanianrajaram|Balasubramanianrajaram]] was closed; [[Talk:Priyamaanavale/GA1|discussion]]
* 21 Nov 2018 – [[Mersal (film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Balasubramanianrajaram|Balasubramanianrajaram]] was closed; [[Talk:Mersal (film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 05 Dec 2018 – [[Sathi Leelavathi (1936 film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was promoted by [[User:Ssven2|Ssven2]]; [[Talk:Sathi Leelavathi (1936 film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 01 Jan 2019 – [[Black Friday (2007 film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was promoted by [[User:Veera Narayana|Veera Narayana]]; [[Talk:Black Friday (2007 film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 01 Jan 2019 – [[Shahid (film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was promoted by [[User:Ssven2|Ssven2]]; [[Talk:Shahid (film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 06 Jan 2019 – [[Udaan (2010 film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was closed; [[Talk:Udaan (2010 film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 29 Jan 2019 – [[Aravindante Athidhikal]] GA nominated by [[User:AhamBrahmasmi|AhamBrahmasmi]] was closed; [[Talk:Aravindante Athidhikal/GA1|discussion]]
* 29 Jan 2019 – [[Kuttanpillayude Sivarathri]] GA nominated by [[User:AhamBrahmasmi|AhamBrahmasmi]] was closed; [[Talk:Kuttanpillayude Sivarathri/GA1|discussion]]
* 13 Mar 2019 – [[Aravindante Athidhikal]] GA nominated by [[User:AhamBrahmasmi|AhamBrahmasmi]] was promoted by [[User:Lovelyismyname|Lovelyismyname]]; [[Talk:Aravindante Athidhikal/GA1|discussion]]
* 30 Apr 2019 – [[Mukkabaaz]] GA nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was promoted by [[User:Veera Narayana|Veera Narayana]]; [[Talk:Mukkabaaz/GA1|discussion]]
* 30 Apr 2019 – [[Company (film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was promoted by [[User:Ssven2|Ssven2]]; [[Talk:Company (film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 30 Apr 2019 – [[Udaan (2010 film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was promoted by [[User:Ssven2|Ssven2]]; [[Talk:Udaan (2010 film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 20 May 2018 – [[October (2018 film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Harshrathod50|Harshrathod50]] was not promoted by [[User:MrClog|MrClog]]; [[Talk:October (2018 film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 03 May 2019 – [[Talvar (film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was promoted by [[User:Ssven2|Ssven2]]; [[Talk:Talvar (film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 02 Jul 2018 – [[Raja Harishchandra]] GA nominated by [[User:Vivvt|Vivvt]] was promoted by [[User:Squeamish Ossifrage|Squeamish Ossifrage]]; [[Talk:Raja Harishchandra/GA1|discussion]]
* 11 Apr 2019 – [[Tenali Ramakrishna (film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Veera Narayana|Veera Narayana]] was promoted; [[Talk:Tenali Ramakrishna (film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 21 Jun 2019 – [[HDR Play Pictures]] GA nominated by [[User:Prodipm|Prodipm]] was closed; [[Talk:HDR Play Pictures/GA1|discussion]]
* 12 Jul 2019 – [[Khosla Ka Ghosla]] GA nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was promoted by [[User:Ssven2|Ssven2]]; [[Talk:Khosla Ka Ghosla/GA1|discussion]]
* 02 Jul 2019 – [[Tumbbad]] GA nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was promoted by [[User:Mujinga|Mujinga]]; [[Talk:Tumbbad/GA1|discussion]]
* 05 Aug 2019 – [[Bhakta Prahlada (1967 film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was promoted by [[User:The Rambling Man|The Rambling Man]]; [[Talk:Bhakta Prahlada (1967 film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 02 Jul 2019 – [[Soni (film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was promoted by [[User:Numerounovedant|Numerounovedant]]; [[Talk:Soni (film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 15 Jul 2019 – [[Hindi Medium]] GA nominated by [[User:Mr. Smart LION|Mr. Smart LION]] was promoted by [[User:CAPTAIN MEDUSA|CAPTAIN MEDUSA]]; [[Talk:Hindi Medium/GA1|discussion]]
* 08 May 2019 – [[Padmaavat]] GA nominated by [[User:Pallaviharsh|Pallaviharsh]] was closed; [[Talk:Padmaavat/GA1|discussion]]
* 09 Oct 2019 – [[Guru Sishyan (1988 film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was promoted by [[User:Veera Narayana|Veera Narayana]]; [[Talk:Guru Sishyan (1988 film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 02 Jul 2019 – [[Andhadhun]] GA nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was promoted by [[User:Veera Narayana|Veera Narayana]]; [[Talk:Andhadhun/GA1|discussion]]
* 17 Oct 2019 – [[Unda (film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Celionite|Celionite]] was closed; [[Talk:Unda (film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 14 Jan 2020 – [[Unda (film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Rajeev2800|Rajeev2800]] was closed; [[Talk:Unda (film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 16 Sep 2019 – [[Rakta Sambandham]] GA nominated by [[User:Veera Narayana|Veera Narayana]] was promoted by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]]; [[Talk:Rakta Sambandham/GA1|discussion]]
* 26 Mar 2020 – [[Andaaz]] GA nominated by [[User:Krish!|Krish!]] was promoted by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]]; [[Talk:Andaaz/GA1|discussion]]
* 27 Mar 2020 – [[Veera (1994 film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was promoted by [[User:Krish!|Krish!]]; [[Talk:Veera (1994 film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 05 Nov 2019 – [[Kannada cinema]] GA nominated by [[User:Manthara|Manthara]] was not promoted by [[User:No Great Shaker|No Great Shaker]]; [[Talk:Kannada cinema/GA1|discussion]]
* 04 Nov 2019 – [[K.G.F: Chapter 1]] GA nominated by [[User:Manthara|Manthara]] was not promoted by [[User:Bilorv|Bilorv]]; [[Talk:K.G.F: Chapter 1/GA1|discussion]]
* 19 Mar 2020 – [[Tum Hi Aana]] GA nominated by [[User:CAPTAIN MEDUSA|CAPTAIN MEDUSA]] was promoted by [[User:Kyle Peake|Kyle Peake]]; [[Talk:Tum Hi Aana/GA1|discussion]]
* 06 Jul 2020 – [[Apoorva Raagangal]] GA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was promoted by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]]; [[Talk:Apoorva Raagangal/GA1|discussion]]
* 05 Jun 2020 – [[Life of Pi (film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Rusted AutoParts|Rusted AutoParts]] was promoted by [[User:Bait30|Bait30]]; [[Talk:Life of Pi (film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 05 Sep 2020 – [[Payanangal Mudivathillai]] GA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was promoted by [[User:Tayi Arajakate|Tayi Arajakate]]; [[Talk:Payanangal Mudivathillai/GA1|discussion]]
* 01 Aug 2020 – [[Deiva Magan]] GA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was promoted by [[User:Moneytrees|Moneytrees]]; [[Talk:Deiva Magan/GA1|discussion]]
* 05 Jun 2020 – [[Life of Pi (film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Rusted AutoParts|Rusted AutoParts]] was promoted by [[User:Bait30|Bait30]]; [[Talk:Life of Pi (film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 06 Jul 2020 – [[Apoorva Raagangal]] GA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was promoted by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]]; [[Talk:Apoorva Raagangal/GA1|discussion]]
* 01 Aug 2020 – [[Deiva Magan]] GA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was promoted by [[User:Moneytrees|Moneytrees]]; [[Talk:Deiva Magan/GA1|discussion]]
* 26 Oct 2020 – [[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]] GA nominated by [[User:Shshshsh|Shshshsh]] was promoted by [[User:Aoba47|Aoba47]]; [[Talk:Chori Chori Chupke Chupke/GA1|discussion]]
* 18 Oct 2020 – [[12B]] GA nominated by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was not promoted; [[Talk:12B/GA2|discussion]]
* 04 Nov 2020 – [[Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain]] GA nominated by [[User:Nicholas Michael Halim|Nicholas Michael Halim]] was promoted by [[User:SL93|SL93]]; [[Talk:Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain/GA1|discussion]]
* 18 Jan 2021 – [[No One Killed Jessica]] GA nominated by [[User:Nicholas Michael Halim|Nicholas Michael Halim]] was promoted by [[User:MSG17|MSG17]]; [[Talk:No One Killed Jessica/GA1|discussion]]
* 17 Jan 2021 – [[AK vs AK]] GA nominated by [[User:MSG17|MSG17]] was promoted by [[User:Some Dude From North Carolina|Some Dude From North Carolina]]; [[Talk:AK vs AK/GA1|discussion]]
* 07 Feb 2021 – [[Black (2005 film)]] GA nominated by [[User:Nicholas Michael Halim|Nicholas Michael Halim]] was promoted by [[User:Some Dude From North Carolina|Some Dude From North Carolina]]; [[Talk:Black (2005 film)/GA1|discussion]]
* 07 Feb 2021 – [[The Hero: Love Story of a Spy]] GA nominated by [[User:Krish!|Krish!]] was promoted by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]]; [[Talk:The Hero: Love Story of a Spy/GA1|discussion]]
* 03 Mar 2021 – [[Mujhse Dosti Karoge!]] GA nominated by [[User:Nicholas Michael Halim|Nicholas Michael Halim]] was promoted by [[User:Some Dude From North Carolina|Some Dude From North Carolina]]; [[Talk:Mujhse Dosti Karoge!/GA1|discussion]]
* 17 Mar 2021 – [[Devdas (soundtrack)]] GA nominated by [[User:Nicholas Michael Halim|Nicholas Michael Halim]] was promoted by [[User:Kyle Peake|Kyle Peake]]; [[Talk:Devdas (soundtrack)/GA1|discussion]]
{{anchor|GANbottom}}

== PROD ==
{{anchor|PROD}}
* 06 Sep 2018 – [[Langto]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Langto deleted]
* 06 Sep 2018 – [[Na Jene Mon]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Na_Jene_Mon deleted]
* 15 Sep 2018 – [[Veena Vaadanam]] PRODed by [[User:Ronz|Ronz]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Veena_Vaadanam deleted]
* 18 Sep 2018 – [[Tari Maate Once More]] PRODed by [[User:Cabayi|Cabayi]] was deproded by [[User:Coderzombie|Coderzombie]] on 22 Sep 2018
* 16 Sep 2018 – [[Gandhi of the Month]] PRODed by [[User:Hitcher vs. Candyman|Hitcher vs. Candyman]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gandhi_of_the_Month deleted]
* 20 Sep 2018 – [[Kalinga Putra]] PRODed by [[User:Darsana.vinod|Darsana.vinod]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kalinga_Putra deleted]
* 22 Sep 2018 – [[Poi Satchi]] PRODed by [[User:Cabayi|Cabayi]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Poi_Satchi deleted]
* 24 Sep 2018 – [[Angarki]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Angarki deleted]
* 24 Sep 2018 – [[Lovers tho Pettukovaddu]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Lovers_tho_Pettukovaddu deleted]
* 24 Sep 2018 – [[Mental Police]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mental_Police deleted]
* 01 Oct 2018 – [[Preeti Suman]] PRODed by [[User:Thegooduser|Thegooduser]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 01 Oct 2018
* 26 Sep 2018 – [[Kirchiyaan]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kirchiyaan deleted]
* 28 Sep 2018 – [[Silvat]] PRODed by [[User:Bonadea|Bonadea]] was deproded by [[User:124.124.199.162|124.124.199.162]] on 04 Oct 2018
* 04 Oct 2018 – [[Nei Jaa Re Megha Mate]] PRODed by [[User:Kirbanzo|Kirbanzo]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nei_Jaa_Re_Megha_Mate deleted]
* 22 Oct 2018 – [[Gadbad Gondhal]] PRODed by [[User:Diego Rogger|Diego Rogger]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 28 Oct 2018
* 24 Oct 2018 – [[Hawa Hawaee]] PRODed by [[User:Citrivescence|Citrivescence]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Hawa_Hawaee deleted]
* 19 Nov 2018 – [[College Days]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=College_Days deleted]
* 19 Dec 2018 – [[Priyanka Jawalkar]] PRODed by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] was redirected to [[Taxiwaala]]
* 29 Dec 2018 – [[Mummy Daddy]] PRODed by [[User:StraussInTheHouse|StraussInTheHouse]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mummy_Daddy deleted]
* 20 Feb 2019 – [[Secret (upcoming film)]] PRODed by [[User:RHaworth|RHaworth]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Secret_(upcoming_film) deleted]
* 06 Mar 2019 – [[Idiot: I Do Ishq Only Tumse]] PRODed by [[User:Eatcha|Eatcha]] was deproded by [[User:92.100.208.53|92.100.208.53]] on 08 Mar 2019
* 06 Mar 2019 – [[Tukkaa Fitt]] PRODed by [[User:Eatcha|Eatcha]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Tukkaa_Fitt deleted]
* 25 Mar 2019 – [[Lakshmi's NTR]] PRODed by [[User:LovSLif|LovSLif]] was deproded by [[User:Phil Bridger|Phil Bridger]] on 25 Mar 2019
* 22 Mar 2019 – [[Saurav Entertainments]] PRODed by [[User:StraussInTheHouse|StraussInTheHouse]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Saurav_Entertainments deleted]
* 26 Mar 2019 – [[Old Is Gold (2019 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Rosguill|Rosguill]] was deproded by [[User:2405:204:D205:8465:E155:2D18:C175:CA64|2405:204:D205:8465:E155:2D18:C175:CA64]] on 30 Mar 2019
* 24 Mar 2019 – [[Cinex Asia]] PRODed by [[User:MB|MB]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Cinex_Asia deleted]
* 29 Mar 2019 – [[Shikari (1964 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Rickyurs|Rickyurs]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Shikari_(1964_film) deleted]
* 04 Apr 2019 – [[Criminal (2005 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Atropsis|Atropsis]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Criminal_(2005_film) deleted]
* 13 May 2019 – [[Minnal Murali]] PRODed by [[User:Rosguill|Rosguill]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Minnal_Murali deleted]
* 22 May 2019 – [[River to River. Florence Indian Film Festival]] PRODed by [[User:Tavix|Tavix]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=River_to_River._Florence_Indian_Film_Festival deleted]
* 24 May 2019 – [[Radha Bhattacharji]] PRODed by [[User:104.36.180.126|104.36.180.126]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Radha_Bhattacharji deleted]
* 11 Jun 2019 – [[The Job (2018 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Begoon|Begoon]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=The_Job_(2018_film) deleted]
* 21 Jun 2019 – [[Thamizh Desam]] PRODed by [[User:UrbanToreador|UrbanToreador]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thamizh_Desam deleted]
* 23 Jun 2019 – [[Aguner Phulki]] PRODed by [[User:Steve Quinn|Steve Quinn]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aguner_Phulki deleted]
* 02 Aug 2019 – [[Dare You (film)]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dare_You_(film) deleted]
* 25 Aug 2019 – [[Tanhai (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Thrashbandicoot01|Thrashbandicoot01]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Tanhai_(film) deleted]
* 27 Aug 2019 – [[Aag Aur Toofan]] PRODed by [[User:2A02:C7F:4481:8300:90DC:E235:5074:54B0|2A02:C7F:4481:8300:90DC:E235:5074:54B0]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aag_Aur_Toofan deleted]
* 28 Aug 2019 – [[Naayaka]] PRODed by [[User:Praxidicae|Praxidicae]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Naayaka deleted]
* 04 Sep 2019 – [[Veerappan (1991 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Gameron46|Gameron46]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Veerappan_(1991_film) deleted]
* 18 Sep 2019 – [[Shreya Ghoshal filmography]] PRODed by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 24 Sep 2019
* 23 Sep 2019 – [[Aatank]] PRODed by [[User:Doniago|Doniago]] was deproded by [[User:Abishe|Abishe]] on 26 Sep 2019
* 09 Oct 2019 – [[Jubilee Productions]] PRODed by [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 15 Oct 2019
* 10 Oct 2019 – [[Premante Inte]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 10 Oct 2019 – [[Karam Dosa]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 10 Oct 2019 – [[Priya O Priya]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 10 Oct 2019 – [[Youth (2001 film)]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 11 Oct 2019 – [[Kaaval Geetham]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 11 Oct 2019 – [[Akka Pettanam Chelleli Kapuram]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 11 Oct 2019 – [[Sainyam]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 11 Oct 2019 – [[Street (film)]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 11 Oct 2019 – [[Aadaalla Majaka]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 11 Oct 2019 – [[Ooha (film)]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 11 Oct 2019 – [[Mayoora Nritham]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 11 Oct 2019 – [[Indraprastham (film)]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 11 Oct 2019 – [[Kurralla Rajyam]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 11 Oct 2019 – [[Shree (2002 film)]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 11 Oct 2019 – [[Akka! Bagunnava?]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 11 Oct 2019 – [[Merupu (1996 film)]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 16 Oct 2019
* 11 Oct 2019 – [[Md Asif]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Md_Asif deleted]
* 14 Oct 2019 – [[Thaayin Manikodi]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thaayin_Manikodi deleted]
* 14 Oct 2019 – [[Kandupidi Kandupidi]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kandupidi_Kandupidi deleted]
* 19 Oct 2019 – [[Koothan]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 23 Oct 2019
* 19 Oct 2019 – [[Marupadiyum Oru Kadhal]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 23 Oct 2019
* 19 Oct 2019 – [[Kadhal Pisase]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 25 Oct 2019
* 26 Oct 2019 – [[Bathiladi]] PRODed by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 27 Oct 2019
* 08 Nov 2019 – [[Punjabiye Zubane]] PRODed by [[User:Dr Horncastle|Dr Horncastle]] was deproded by [[User:Pigsonthewing|Pigsonthewing]] on 09 Nov 2019
* 17 Nov 2019 – [[Mathrubhumi Film Awards]] PRODed by [[User:Delilah050|Delilah050]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mathrubhumi_Film_Awards deleted]
* 20 Nov 2019 – [[Punjabiye Zubane]] PRODed by [[User:Mangoe|Mangoe]] was deproded by [[User:Aspects|Aspects]] on 26 Nov 2019
* 27 Nov 2019 – [[Venalmaram]] PRODed by [[User:183.98.12.132|183.98.12.132]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Venalmaram deleted]
* 23 Dec 2019 – [[Pratap Roy]] PRODed by [[User:Yamla|Yamla]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pratap_Roy deleted]
* 24 Dec 2019 – [[Anagha LK]] PRODed by [[User:ToBeFree|ToBeFree]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 31 Dec 2019
* 14 Jan 2020 – [[Laavanya Lahari]] PRODed by [[User:Deep Gabriel|Deep Gabriel]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Laavanya_Lahari deleted]
* 16 Jan 2020 – [[Flash Frame Visuals Academy of Film and Television]] PRODed by [[User:Hog Farm|Hog Farm]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Flash_Frame_Visuals_Academy_of_Film_and_Television deleted]
* 24 Jan 2020 – [[Dugdhonokhor - The Milky Nails]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Dugdhonokhor_-_The_Milky_Nails deleted]
* 25 Jan 2020 – [[Mighty Raju Rio Calling]] PRODed by [[User:106.215.104.89|106.215.104.89]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mighty_Raju_Rio_Calling deleted]
* 29 Jan 2020 – [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Short Film]] PRODed by [[User:Delilah050|Delilah050]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kerala_State_Film_Award_for_Best_Short_Film deleted]
* 17 Feb 2020 – [[Jaane Kyun De Yaaron]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jaane_Kyun_De_Yaaron deleted]
* 17 Feb 2020 – [[Campus Ampasayya]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was deproded by [[User:Iamheentity|Iamheentity]] on 24 Feb 2020
* 17 Feb 2020 – [[Aame Korika]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was deproded by [[User:Iamheentity|Iamheentity]] on 24 Feb 2020
* 23 Feb 2020 – [[Yoddha (2014 film)]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Yoddha_(2014_film) deleted]
* 27 Mar 2020 – [[Helloy]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Helloy deleted]
* 01 Apr 2020 – [[Kanasu Kannu Theredaga]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kanasu_Kannu_Theredaga deleted]
* 04 Apr 2020 – [[The Mirror (2012 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=The_Mirror_(2012_film) deleted]
* 20 Apr 2020 – [[The Vanishing Act]] PRODed by [[User:SnehaRaphael1996|SnehaRaphael1996]] was deproded by [[User:Phil Bridger|Phil Bridger]] on 20 Apr 2020
* 15 Apr 2020 – [[Ghoomketu]] PRODed by [[User:FlyingKanika|FlyingKanika]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ghoomketu deleted]
* 28 Apr 2020 – [[Premanu Apedevaru]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Premanu_Apedevaru deleted]
* 15 May 2020 – [[Kajra Mohabbat Wala]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kajra_Mohabbat_Wala deleted]
* 15 May 2020 – [[Love U Crazy Girl]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Love_U_Crazy_Girl deleted]
* 16 May 2020 – [[Suhag Chooda]] PRODed by [[User:Less Unless|Less Unless]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Suhag_Chooda deleted]
* 15 May 2020 – [[Kajra Mohabbat Wala]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kajra_Mohabbat_Wala deleted]
* 15 May 2020 – [[Love U Crazy Girl]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Love_U_Crazy_Girl deleted]
* 16 May 2020 – [[Suhag Chooda]] PRODed by [[User:Less Unless|Less Unless]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Suhag_Chooda deleted]
* 20 May 2020 – [[The Advocate (2013 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=The_Advocate_(2013_film) deleted]
* ''undated'' – [[Hridayanath]] PRODed was deproded by [[User:Krishna Murthy DL|Krishna Murthy DL]] on 03 Jun 2020
* 02 Jun 2020 – [[Annarakkannanum Thannalayathu]] PRODed by [[User:Koridas|Koridas]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 03 Jun 2020
* 31 May 2020 – [[Kamlaa]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kamlaa deleted]
* 04 Jun 2020 – [[Daulat (1937 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Koridas|Koridas]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Daulat_(1937_film) deleted]
* 14 Jun 2020 – [[Who (film)]] PRODed by [[User:1.186.168.244|1.186.168.244]] was deproded by [[User:Kuyabribri|Kuyabribri]] on 15 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Agar Aap Chahein]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Phil Bridger|Phil Bridger]] on 16 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bhavani Junction]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 17 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bhagyawan]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Tolly4bolly|Tolly4bolly]] on 19 Jun 2020
* 18 Jun 2020 – [[Dhobi Doctor]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Phil Bridger|Phil Bridger]] on 19 Jun 2020
* 18 Jun 2020 – [[Eti (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Phil Bridger|Phil Bridger]] on 19 Jun 2020
* 19 Jun 2020 – [[Pehli Raat]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Phil Bridger|Phil Bridger]] on 19 Jun 2020
* 14 Jun 2020 – [[Jagga Jiunda E]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jagga_Jiunda_E deleted]
* 14 Jun 2020 – [[Dulla Vaily]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 15 Jun 2020 – [[498A: The Wedding Gift]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 15 Jun 2020 – [[Aag (1967 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 15 Jun 2020 – [[Aaj Ka Samson]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 15 Jun 2020 – [[Aakhri Cheekh]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 15 Jun 2020 – [[Aaj Ki Taaqat]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 15 Jun 2020 – [[Aasmaan]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 15 Jun 2020 – [[Aan Aur Shaan]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 15 Jun 2020 – [[Aastik]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 15 Jun 2020 – [[Ab To Aaja Saajan Mere]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 15 Jun 2020 – [[Adavi Kaachina Vennela]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Agla Mausam]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Aisa Bhi Hota Hai]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Ajnabi Saaya]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Akela the Alone]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Alladin Ka Beta]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Ameer Aadmi Gharib Aadmi]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Ammaavanu Pattiya Amali]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Angarey]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Anjaane Rishte]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Anmol Sitaare]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Apna Desh Paraye Log]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Apne Begaane]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Aulad Ki Khatir]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[The Awakening (2006 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Awara Abdulla]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Awara Zindagi]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Ayul Regai]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Baaje Ghungroo]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Baat Hai Pyaar Ki]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bank Manager]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bantrotu Bharya]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Basanti Tangewali]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bewaffa Se Waffa]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bhagya Chakra (2005 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bhai Bahen (1959 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bhakla]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bhemaa]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bhula Na Dena]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Biwi Aur Makan]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bolti Bulbul]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Brahma Nayudu (1987 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bus Conductor (1959 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 17 Jun 2020 – [[Zimbo Ka Beta]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 17 Jun 2020 – [[Woh Din Yaad Karo]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 17 Jun 2020 – [[Wahan Ke Log]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 17 Jun 2020 – [[Samaanta]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 17 Jun 2020 – [[Santo Banto]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 17 Jun 2020 – [[Zakhmee Insaan]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 18 Jun 2020 was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 18 Jun 2020 – [[Dharam Sankat]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Jun 2020
* 18 Jun 2020 – [[Dher Chalaki Jinkara]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 18 Jun 2020 – [[Ei To Jeebon]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 18 Jun 2020 – [[Ganga (1965 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 18 Jun 2020 – [[Hathkadi (1958 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 19 Jun 2020 – [[Kal: Yesterday and Tomorrow]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 19 Jun 2020 – [[Kanoon Ki Awaaz]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 19 Jun 2020 – [[Khara Kadhi Bolu Naye]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 19 Jun 2020 – [[Madhavi (1969 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 19 Jun 2020 – [[Nai Raahen]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 19 Jun 2020 – [[Needar the Fearless]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 21 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bhagyawan]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Tolly4bolly|Tolly4bolly]] on 19 Jun 2020
* 16 Jun 2020 – [[Bhavani Junction]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 17 Jun 2020
* 18 Jun 2020 – [[Dhobi Doctor]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Phil Bridger|Phil Bridger]] on 19 Jun 2020
* 18 Jun 2020 – [[Eti (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Phil Bridger|Phil Bridger]] on 19 Jun 2020
* 19 Jun 2020 – [[Pehli Raat]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Phil Bridger|Phil Bridger]] on 19 Jun 2020
* 17 Jun 2020 – [[Hamilton Palace (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Hamilton_Palace_(film) deleted]
* 23 Jun 2020 – [[Idanazhiyil Oru Kaalocha]] PRODed by [[User:Shantavira|Shantavira]] was deproded by [[User:BhaskaraPattelar|BhaskaraPattelar]] on 24 Jun 2020
* 19 Jun 2020 – [[Mowgli Productions]] PRODed by [[User:Fitindia|Fitindia]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mowgli_Productions deleted]
* 29 Jun 2020 – [[Snehapoorvam Urvashi Theaters]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Snehapoorvam_Urvashi_Theaters deleted]
* 29 Jun 2020 – [[Rhythm (2010 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Rhythm_(2010_film) deleted]
* 30 Jun 2020 – [[2 Bol]] PRODed by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=2_Bol deleted]
* 01 Jul 2020 – [[Pushpendra Nath Misra]] PRODed by [[User:1.186.178.116|1.186.178.116]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pushpendra_Nath_Misra deleted]
* 04 Jul 2020 – [[Karbonn (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was deproded by [[User:Kvng|Kvng]] on 11 Jul 2020
* 05 Jul 2020 – [[The Invisible Children of Love]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=The_Invisible_Children_of_Love deleted]
* 06 Jul 2020 – [[Thalaykku Meethe Shoonyaakasham]] PRODed by [[User:Aspects|Aspects]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thalaykku_Meethe_Shoonyaakasham deleted]
* 06 Jul 2020 – [[Gopalannayarude Thaadi]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gopalannayarude_Thaadi deleted]
* 07 Jul 2020 – [[Kal ka nawaab]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kal_ka_nawaab deleted]
* 07 Jul 2020 – [[Shrimad Virat Pothuluri Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Shrimad_Virat_Pothuluri_Veerabrahmendra_Swami_Charitra deleted]
* 07 Jul 2020 – [[Tere pyaar mein paapad]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Tere_pyaar_mein_paapad deleted]
* 16 Aug 2020 – [[Aji Bas Shukriya]] PRODed by [[User:AleatoryPonderings|AleatoryPonderings]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aji_Bas_Shukriya deleted]
* 17 Aug 2020 – [[Do Premee]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Do_Premee deleted]
* 17 Aug 2020 – [[With Love Tumhara]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Doghouse09|Doghouse09]] on 24 Aug 2020 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=With_Love_Tumhara deleted]
* 18 Aug 2020 – [[The Art Cafe]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=The_Art_Cafe deleted]
* 24 Aug 2020 – [[Taxi Driver (1981 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Necrothesp|Necrothesp]] on 26 Aug 2020
* 23 Aug 2020 – [[Eight: The Power of Shani]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Eight%3a_The_Power_of_Shani deleted]
* 24 Aug 2020 – [[Nakshathrakoodaram]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nakshathrakoodaram deleted]
* 24 Aug 2020 – [[Villalan]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Villalan deleted]
* 25 Aug 2020 – [[Ambulance (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ambulance_(film) deleted]
* 25 Aug 2020 – [[Aval Vannathinu Shesham]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aval_Vannathinu_Shesham deleted]
* 27 Aug 2020 – [[Kiklee]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kiklee deleted]
* 04 Sep 2020 – [[Sri Tirupatamma Katha]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Ab207|Ab207]] on 05 Sep 2020
* 30 Aug 2020 – [[Pratisodh]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pratisodh deleted]
* 30 Aug 2020 – [[Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja (1961 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 31 Aug 2020 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Roop_Ki_Rani_Choron_Ka_Raja_(1961_film) deleted]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Mashooka]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mashooka deleted]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Thiruvalla (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thiruvalla_(film) deleted]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Shabnam (1964 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Shabnam_(1964_film) deleted]
* 01 Sep 2020 – [[Wahan Ke Log]] PRODed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was deproded by [[User:Aspects|Aspects]] on 06 Sep 2020
* 05 Sep 2020 – [[Purana Mandir]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 06 Sep 2020
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Padicha Pulla]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Padicha_Pulla deleted]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Saatwan Aasman]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Saatwan_Aasman deleted]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Savithriyude Aranjanam]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Savithriyude_Aranjanam deleted]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Truck Driver (1970 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] on 31 Aug 2020 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Truck_Driver_(1970_film) deleted]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Sutradhar (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sutradhar_(film) deleted]
* 01 Sep 2020 – [[Woh Koi Aur Hoga]] PRODed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Woh_Koi_Aur_Hoga deleted]
* 01 Sep 2020 – [[Kunjikoonan (1989 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kunjikoonan_(1989_film) deleted]
* 02 Sep 2020 – [[Zakhm (1989 film)]] PRODed by [[User:OpenMindedBloke|OpenMindedBloke]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Zakhm_(1989_film) deleted]
* 02 Sep 2020 – [[Jothi (1983 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jothi_(1983_film) deleted]
* 02 Sep 2020 – [[Sreedharante Onnam Thirumurivu]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sreedharante_Onnam_Thirumurivu deleted]
* 02 Sep 2020 – [[Teen Chehre]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Teen_Chehre deleted]
* 03 Sep 2020 – [[Prathap (1990 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Prathap_(1990_film) deleted]
* 03 Sep 2020 – [[Pratisodh (2004 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pratisodh_(2004_film) deleted]
* 03 Sep 2020 – [[Mane Magalu]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 09 Sep 2020
* 03 Sep 2020 – [[Kaalpurush (1994 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kaalpurush_(1994_film) deleted]
* 03 Sep 2020 – [[Chhota Bheem & Krishna: Patliputra- City of the Dead]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chhota_Bheem_%26_Krishna%3a_Patliputra-_City_of_the_Dead deleted]
* 03 Sep 2020 – [[Chhota Bheem Aur Krishna]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chhota_Bheem_Aur_Krishna deleted]
* 03 Sep 2020 – [[Chhota Bheem Aur Hanuman]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chhota_Bheem_Aur_Hanuman deleted]
* 04 Sep 2020 – [[Salma Pe Dil Aa Gaya]] PRODed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Salma_Pe_Dil_Aa_Gaya deleted]
* 04 Sep 2020 – [[Mr. Cartoon M.A.]] PRODed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mr._Cartoon_M.A. deleted]
* 04 Sep 2020 – [[Tajurba]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Tajurba deleted]
* 05 Sep 2020 – [[Light House (1958 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Light_House_(1958_film) deleted]
* 06 Sep 2020 – [[Astitwa]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Astitwa deleted]
* 07 Sep 2020 – [[Pyar Ka Bandhan]] PRODed by [[User:Narky Blert|Narky Blert]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pyar_Ka_Bandhan deleted]
* 07 Sep 2020 – [[Majanu]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Majanu deleted]
* 08 Sep 2020 – [[Ajab Sanju Ra Gajab Love]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ajab_Sanju_Ra_Gajab_Love deleted]
* 08 Sep 2020 – [[Baba Keno Chakar]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Baba_Keno_Chakar deleted]
* 09 Sep 2020 – [[Apon Holo Por]] PRODed by [[User:Velella|Velella]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Apon_Holo_Por deleted]
* 10 Sep 2020 – [[Lava (1985 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Lava_(1985_film) deleted]
* 10 Sep 2020 – [[Imagi Laman Singamdre]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Imagi_Laman_Singamdre deleted]
* 11 Sep 2020 – [[Chhota Bheem Aur Ganesh in The Amazing Odyssey]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was redirected to [[Chhota Bheem#Films]]
* 11 Sep 2020 – [[Chhota Bheem: Dholakpur to Kathmandu]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was redirected to [[Chhota Bheem#Films]]
* 11 Sep 2020 – [[Chhota Bheem: Master of Shaolin]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was redirected to [[Chhota Bheem#Films]]
* 11 Sep 2020 – [[Chhota Bheem: Journey to Petra]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was redirected to [[Chhota Bheem#Films]]
* 11 Sep 2020 – [[24 Mani Neram]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Explicit|Explicit]] on 18 Sep 2020
* 14 Sep 2020 – [[London Ki Chhori]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=London_Ki_Chhori deleted]
* 16 Sep 2020 – [[PotthillalOnchi]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=PotthillalOnchi deleted]
* 16 Sep 2020 – [[Suttum Vizhi Sudare]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Suttum_Vizhi_Sudare deleted]
* 16 Sep 2020 – [[Toro (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Toro_(film) deleted]
* 17 Sep 2020 – [[Paraya Dhan]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Paraya_Dhan deleted]
* 17 Sep 2020 – [[My Life as a Poster]] PRODed by [[User:Hog Farm|Hog Farm]] and endorsed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 20 Sep 2020 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=My_Life_as_a_Poster deleted]
* 17 Sep 2020 – [[Truck Driver (1997 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Truck_Driver_(1997_film) deleted]
* 17 Sep 2020 – [[Sin Sister (2020 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sin_Sister_(2020_film) deleted]
* 19 Sep 2020 – [[Tumi Ele Tai]] PRODed by [[User:Velella|Velella]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Tumi_Ele_Tai deleted]
* 19 Sep 2020 – [[Khushiyaan]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Khushiyaan deleted]
* 25 Sep 2020 – [[Nirakazhcha]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Sreejithk2000|Sreejithk2000]] on 26 Sep 2020
* 20 Sep 2020 – [[30 Minutes (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=30_Minutes_(film) deleted]
* 20 Sep 2020 – [[Mami Sami]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mami_Sami deleted]
* 21 Sep 2020 – [[Martin (2017 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Martin_(2017_film) deleted]
* 21 Sep 2020 – [[Bedardi]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bedardi deleted]
* 21 Sep 2020 – [[Nirabhedhangal]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nirabhedhangal deleted]
* 23 Sep 2020 – [[Swapne Dekha Rajkanya]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Swapne_Dekha_Rajkanya deleted]
* 23 Sep 2020 – [[Pure Punjabi]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pure_Punjabi deleted]
* 23 Sep 2020 – [[Ta-Tomba the Great]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ta-Tomba_the_Great deleted]
* 29 Sep 2020 – [[Thayi Illada Thabbali]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Putta26|Putta26]] on 01 Oct 2020
* 25 Sep 2020 – [[Devasura]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Devasura deleted]
* 25 Sep 2020 – [[Noottonnu Raavukal]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Noottonnu_Raavukal deleted]
* 25 Sep 2020 – [[Naanu Nanna Hendthiru]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Naanu_Nanna_Hendthiru deleted]
* 26 Sep 2020 – [[Nireekshana]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nireekshana deleted]
* 26 Sep 2020 – [[Ulagam Sirikkirathu]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ulagam_Sirikkirathu deleted]
* 26 Sep 2020 – [[Punjab Bolda]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Punjab_Bolda deleted]
* 27 Sep 2020 – [[O Manasa]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=O_Manasa deleted]
* 27 Sep 2020 – [[Oh My Pyo]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Oh_My_Pyo deleted]
* 27 Sep 2020 – [[Davpech]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Davpech deleted]
* 28 Sep 2020 – [[Pankhei]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pankhei deleted]
* 28 Sep 2020 – [[Muthukulikka Vaariyala]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Muthukulikka_Vaariyala deleted]
* 29 Sep 2020 – [[Suriyan Chandiran]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 05 Oct 2020
* 29 Sep 2020 – [[Fear (1965 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Fear_(1965_film) deleted]
* 29 Sep 2020 – [[Sri Datta Darsanam]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Explicit|Explicit]] on 06 Oct 2020
* 05 Oct 2020 – [[Sanjibani (1952 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Encyclopædius|Encyclopædius]] on 06 Oct 2020
* 30 Sep 2020 – [[Merupu Daadi]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Merupu_Daadi deleted]
* 02 Oct 2020 – [[Kushti (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 08 Oct 2020
* 02 Oct 2020 – [[The Hundred Bucks]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Lightburst|Lightburst]] on 09 Oct 2020
* 04 Oct 2020 – [[Life for Lives]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Life_for_Lives deleted]
* 05 Oct 2020 – [[Swathi Chinukulu]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Ab207|Ab207]] on 12 Oct 2020
* 05 Oct 2020 – [[Suhaag (2015 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Suhaag_(2015_film) deleted]
* 06 Oct 2020 – [[Sham Ghansham]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sham_Ghansham deleted]
* 11 Oct 2020 – [[Sphodanam]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 17 Oct 2020
* 11 Oct 2020 – [[Sanagi Tangbal]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 17 Oct 2020
* 11 Oct 2020 – [[Super Marmaye]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Super_Marmaye deleted]
* 11 Oct 2020 – [[Soldier (2010 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Soldier_(2010_film) deleted]
* 12 Oct 2020 – [[Mogul (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was deproded by [[User:GB fan|GB fan]] on 19 Oct 2020
* 13 Oct 2020 – [[Sultaan]] PRODed by [[User:TheSandDoctor|TheSandDoctor]] and endorsed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 14 Oct 2020 was deproded by [[User:Shshshsh|Shshshsh]] on 19 Oct 2020
* 25 Oct 2020 – [[Kelor Kirti]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 01 Nov 2020
* 31 Oct 2020 – [[Dulhan Ganga Paar Ke]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Fylindfotberserk|Fylindfotberserk]] on 01 Nov 2020
* 31 Oct 2020 – [[G (2020 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=G_(2020_film) deleted]
* 09 Nov 2020 – [[Udyama Simham]] PRODed by [[User:IVORK|IVORK]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Udyama_Simham deleted]
* 10 Nov 2020 – [[Barood (2004 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Barood_(2004_film) deleted]
* 09 Nov 2020 – [[Udyama Simham]] PRODed by [[User:IVORK|IVORK]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Udyama_Simham deleted]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Thiruvalla (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thiruvalla_(film) deleted]
* 30 Nov 2020 – [[Mukhyamantri (2009 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 07 Dec 2020
* 04 Dec 2020 – [[Abraham & Lincoln]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] and endorsed by [[User:Ram1055|Ram1055]] on 11 Dec 2020 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Abraham_%26_Lincoln deleted]
* 05 Dec 2020 – [[Jungle Cry]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jungle_Cry deleted]
* 06 Dec 2020 – [[Style (2001 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Style_(2001_film) deleted]
* 15 Dec 2020 – [[List of Bollywood films of 2022]] PRODed by [[User:Amkgp|Amkgp]] and endorsed by [[User:Bearian|Bearian]] on 18 Dec 2020 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=List_of_Bollywood_films_of_2022 deleted]
* 17 Dec 2020 – [[Love in Japan]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Love_in_Japan deleted]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Christmas Rathri]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 27 Dec 2020
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Pardesi (1993 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pardesi_(1993_film) deleted]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Umma (1960 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Umma_(1960_film) deleted]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Bhakta Kuchela (1961 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhakta_Kuchela_(1961_film) deleted]
* 20 Dec 2020 – [[Seeta (1960 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Seeta_(1960_film) deleted]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Vadhu Doctoranu]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Vadhu_Doctoranu deleted]
* 22 Dec 2020 – [[Khwina]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Khwina deleted]
* 23 Dec 2020 – [[Kakkakum Poochakkum Kalyanam]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kakkakum_Poochakkum_Kalyanam deleted]
* 23 Dec 2020 – [[Azhagiya Asura]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Azhagiya_Asura deleted]
* 23 Dec 2020 – [[Kinnam Katta Kallan]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kinnam_Katta_Kallan deleted]
* 23 Dec 2020 – [[Lagda Ishq Hogaya]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Lagda_Ishq_Hogaya deleted]
* 23 Dec 2020 – [[Saadi Love Story]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Saadi_Love_Story deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Kallimullu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kallimullu deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Manasaputhri]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Manasaputhri deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Puraskaram]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Puraskaram deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Samharam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Samharam deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Upasana (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Upasana_(film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Mounam (2009 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mounam_(2009_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Puthiya Adhyaayam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Puthiya_Adhyaayam deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Peridaatha Kadha]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Peridaatha_Kadha deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Thankathoni]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thankathoni deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Thuruppugulan (1977 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thuruppugulan_(1977_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Mister Sundari]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mister_Sundari deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Avarunarunnu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Avarunarunnu deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Aalilakkuruvikal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aalilakkuruvikal deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Venal Vasathi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Venal_Vasathi deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Ee Naadu Innale Vare]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ee_Naadu_Innale_Vare deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Onnaam Maanam Poomaanam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Onnaam_Maanam_Poomaanam deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Veedu (1982 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Veedu_(1982_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Sathi (1972 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sathi_(1972_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Indulekha (1999 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Indulekha_(1999_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Neelambari (2010 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Neelambari_(2010_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Neelambari (1978 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Neelambari_(1978_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Chayam (2004 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chayam_(2004_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Thavalam (1983 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thavalam_(1983_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Oruvan (2006 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Oruvan_(2006_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Chanchattam (1991 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chanchattam_(1991_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Vrindavanam (2006 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Vrindavanam_(2006_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Brahmasthram (1989 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Brahmasthram_(1989_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Veeralipattu (1990 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Veeralipattu_(1990_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Kadarkarai Thaagam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kadarkarai_Thaagam deleted]
* 28 Dec 2020 – [[Sathi (2002 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was deproded by [[User:Jayantanth|Jayantanth]] on 30 Dec 2020
* 30 Dec 2020 – [[Koottukar (2010 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Anishviswa|Anishviswa]] on 31 Dec 2020
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Swarna Medal (1977 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Swarna_Medal_(1977_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Kanakachilanka (1990 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kanakachilanka_(1990_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Swarna Medal (2004 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Swarna_Medal_(2004_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Moksham (2005 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Moksham_(2005_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Panchajanyam (2004 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Panchajanyam_(2004_film) deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Aa Penkutty Nee Aayirunnenkil]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aa_Penkutty_Nee_Aayirunnenkil deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Aadhiyugam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aadhiyugam deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Chanthayil Choodi Vilkkunna Pennu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chanthayil_Choodi_Vilkkunna_Pennu deleted]
* 24 Dec 2020 – [[Asuran (1983 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Asuran_(1983_film) deleted]
* 26 Dec 2020 – [[Aayiram Jenmangal (2020 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aayiram_Jenmangal_(2020_film) deleted]
* 01 Jan 2021 – [[Raat (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Shshshsh|Shshshsh]] on 02 Jan 2021
* 28 Dec 2020 – [[Sandhyaragam (1979 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 04 Jan 2021
* 01 Jan 2021 – [[Praja]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Sro23|Sro23]] on 03 Jan 2021
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Lakshyam (2017 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Jupitus Smart|Jupitus Smart]] on 03 Jan 2021
* 28 Dec 2020 – [[Bombay Dada]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] and endorsed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 02 Jan 2021 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bombay_Dada deleted]
* 28 Dec 2020 – [[Mutharamkunnu P.O.]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] and endorsed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 02 Jan 2021 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mutharamkunnu_P.O. deleted]
* 28 Dec 2020 – [[Naadody]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Naadody deleted]
* 28 Dec 2020 – [[Ithramathram (1986 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] and endorsed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 02 Jan 2021 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ithramathram_(1986_film) deleted]
* 28 Dec 2020 – [[Ajantha (1987 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ajantha_(1987_film) deleted]
* 28 Dec 2020 – [[Air Hostess (1980 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Air_Hostess_(1980_film) deleted]
* 28 Dec 2020 – [[Azhiyatha Bandhangal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Azhiyatha_Bandhangal deleted]
* 28 Dec 2020 – [[Saahasam (1981 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Saahasam_(1981_film) deleted]
* 29 Dec 2020 – [[Sambar (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 05 Jan 2021
* 29 Dec 2020 – [[Moonam Naal Njyayarazhcha]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Moonam_Naal_Njyayarazhcha deleted]
* 29 Dec 2020 – [[Yanam Mahayanam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Yanam_Mahayanam deleted]
* 29 Dec 2020 – [[Kadhantharam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kadhantharam deleted]
* 29 Dec 2020 – [[Kengulabi]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kengulabi deleted]
* 30 Dec 2020 – [[Thuruppugulan (2006 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 06 Jan 2021
* 30 Dec 2020 – [[Roudram]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 06 Jan 2021
* 30 Dec 2020 – [[Vrindavanam (1974 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Vrindavanam_(1974_film) deleted]
* 30 Dec 2020 – [[Udhyanapalakan]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Udhyanapalakan deleted]
* 30 Dec 2020 – [[Gandharvakshetram]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gandharvakshetram deleted]
* 30 Dec 2020 – [[2 States (upcoming film)]] PRODed by [[User:Bovineboy2008|Bovineboy2008]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=2_States_(upcoming_film) deleted]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Love in Kerala]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Love_in_Kerala deleted]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[British Market]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=British_Market deleted]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Brahmasthram (2010 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Brahmasthram_(2010_film) deleted]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Kaiyethum Doorathu]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kaiyethum_Doorathu deleted]
* 31 Dec 2020 – [[Balloon (1982 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Balloon_(1982_film) deleted]
* 01 Jan 2021 – [[Panchajanyam (1982 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Panchajanyam_(1982_film) deleted]
* 01 Jan 2021 – [[Simhaasanam (1979 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Simhaasanam_(1979_film) deleted]
* 01 Jan 2021 – [[Simhasanam (2012 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Simhasanam_(2012_film) deleted]
* 01 Jan 2021 – [[Rakthasakshikal Sindabad]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Rakthasakshikal_Sindabad deleted]
* 01 Jan 2021 – [[Oruvan (1999 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Oruvan_(1999_film) deleted]
* 01 Jan 2021 – [[August 15 (2011 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=August_15_(2011_film) deleted]
* 01 Jan 2021 – [[Sunday 7 PM]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sunday_7_PM deleted]
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Avidathe Pole Ivideyum]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 09 Jan 2021
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Murder (2020 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Ab207|Ab207]] on 08 Jan 2021
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Pattabhishekam (1974 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pattabhishekam_(1974_film) deleted]
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Maattuvin Chattangale]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Maattuvin_Chattangale deleted]
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Lakshyam (1972 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Lakshyam_(1972_film) deleted]
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Kamadhenu (1976 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kamadhenu_(1976_film) deleted]
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Kaliyodam (2003 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kaliyodam_(2003_film) deleted]
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Kadamattathachan (1984 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kadamattathachan_(1984_film) deleted]
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Journalist (1993 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Journalist_(1993_film) deleted]
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Chayam (1973 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chayam_(1973_film) deleted]
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Ayanum]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ayanum deleted]
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Avatharam (1981 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Avatharam_(1981_film) deleted]
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Aadhipathyam]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aadhipathyam deleted]
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Anuragada Alegalu]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Anuragada_Alegalu deleted]
* 02 Jan 2021 – [[Agnidevan]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Agnidevan deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Aparanmaar Nagarathil]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aparanmaar_Nagarathil deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[O Priye]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=O_Priye deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Kaliyorukkam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kaliyorukkam deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Kovalam (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kovalam_(film) deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Madhumaasam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Madhumaasam deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Thrill (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thrill_(film) deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Koodaram]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Koodaram deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Mayakazhcha]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mayakazhcha deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Njaan Sanchaari]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Njaan_Sanchaari deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Njan Rajavu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Njan_Rajavu deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Robo (2008 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Robo_(2008_film) deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Jagapoga]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jagapoga deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Shyaamam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Shyaamam deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Fashion Girls]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Fashion_Girls deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Gandharva Rathri]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gandharva_Rathri deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Kharaaksharangal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kharaaksharangal deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Varavaay]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Varavaay deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Ezhamedam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ezhamedam deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Ormacheppu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ormacheppu deleted]
* 03 Jan 2021 – [[Freedom (2004 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Freedom_(2004_film) deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Muppathu Vellikkasu]] PRODed by [[User:Gotitbro|Gotitbro]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Muppathu_Vellikkasu deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Ladies & Gentlemen (2001 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ladies_%26_Gentlemen_(2001_film) deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Nalacharitham Naalam Divasam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nalacharitham_Naalam_Divasam deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Mazhamegha Pravukal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mazhamegha_Pravukal deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Jeevan Masai]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jeevan_Masai deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Nizhalukal Roopangal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nizhalukal_Roopangal deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Kallu Karthyayani]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kallu_Karthyayani deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Veendum Oru Aadyaraathri]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Veendum_Oru_Aadyaraathri deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Janani (1999 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Janani_(1999_film) deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Jyothirgamaya]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jyothirgamaya deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Goa (2001 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Goa_(2001_film) deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Ival Draupadi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ival_Draupadi deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Shayanam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Shayanam deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Nisheedhini]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nisheedhini deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Veshangal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Veshangal deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Vaadaka Veettile Athidhi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Vaadaka_Veettile_Athidhi deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Avan Ananthapadmanabhan]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Avan_Ananthapadmanabhan deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Maratha Nadu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Maratha_Nadu deleted]
* 04 Jan 2021 – [[Thattakam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thattakam deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Meerayude Dukhavum Muthuvinte Swapnavum]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was deproded by [[User:2402:3A80:19E5:6B1D:0:0:0:2|2402:3A80:19E5:6B1D:0:0:0:2]] on 12 Jan 2021
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Sadanandante Samayam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was deproded by [[User:2402:3A80:19E5:6B1D:0:0:0:2|2402:3A80:19E5:6B1D:0:0:0:2]] on 12 Jan 2021
* 05 Jan 2021 – [[D-17 (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=D-17_(film) deleted]
* 05 Jan 2021 – [[Kerala Police (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kerala_Police_(film) deleted]
* 11 Jan 2021 – [[Xcuse Me]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Walrus Ji|Walrus Ji]] on 13 Jan 2021
* 06 Jan 2021 – [[Veera Vikrama]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Veera_Vikrama deleted]
* 06 Jan 2021 – [[Arunodaya (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Arunodaya_(film) deleted]
* 06 Jan 2021 – [[Niraparaadhi (1969 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Niraparaadhi_(1969_film) deleted]
* 06 Jan 2021 – [[Janani Janmabhoomi (1997 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Janani_Janmabhoomi_(1997_film) deleted]
* 06 Jan 2021 – [[Kurukshetra (1987 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kurukshetra_(1987_film) deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Ottappettavar]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ottappettavar deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Gurudevan (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gurudevan_(film) deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Kali (2006 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kali_(2006_film) deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Master Plan (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Master_Plan_(film) deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Samayam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Samayam deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Pravaasam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pravaasam deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Mukhamariyaathe]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mukhamariyaathe deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Karimpuli]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Karimpuli deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Antharjanam (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Antharjanam_(film) deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Kadha]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kadha deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Kanjirappally Kariachan]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kanjirappally_Kariachan deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Greetings (2004 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Greetings_(2004_film) deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[Anamika (2009 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Anamika_(2009_film) deleted]
* 07 Jan 2021 – [[The Porter (1994 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=The_Porter_(1994_film) deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[V.I.P. (1989 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=V.I.P._(1989_film) deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Agnipravesham (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Agnipravesham_(film) deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Korappan The Great]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Korappan_The_Great deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Thozhil Allengil Jail]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thozhil_Allengil_Jail deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Aanamuttathe Aangalamar]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aanamuttathe_Aangalamar deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[High Range]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=High_Range deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Manasa Maine Varu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Manasa_Maine_Varu deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Nishasurabhikal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nishasurabhikal deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Raakkilikal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Raakkilikal deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Aamukham]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aamukham deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Cheri (2003 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Cheri_(2003_film) deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Chithrakoodam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chithrakoodam deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Choonda]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Choonda deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[Janakeeyam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Janakeeyam deleted]
* 09 Jan 2021 – [[The Fire (2003 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=The_Fire_(2003_film) deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Nizhale Nee Sakshi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nizhale_Nee_Sakshi deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Ghazal (1990 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ghazal_(1990_film) deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Raagam Sreeragam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Raagam_Sreeragam deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Mrithasanjeevini]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mrithasanjeevini deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Sourayoodham]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sourayoodham deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Oru Janmam Koodi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Oru_Janmam_Koodi deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Over to Delhi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Over_to_Delhi deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Pachakkuthira (1999 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pachakkuthira_(1999_film) deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Hotel Kaveri]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Hotel_Kaveri deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Thaalam (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thaalam_(film) deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Omanikkaanoru Shishiram]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Omanikkaanoru_Shishiram deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Mattoru Pranaya Kadha]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mattoru_Pranaya_Kadha deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Chuvanna Kaippathi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chuvanna_Kaippathi deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Khanta Kavyam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Khanta_Kavyam deleted]
* 10 Jan 2021 – [[Jayam (2006 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Jayam_(2006_film) deleted]
* 11 Jan 2021 – [[International Cinema Festival of India]] PRODed by [[User:JayJay|JayJay]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=International_Cinema_Festival_of_India deleted]
* 14 Jan 2021 – [[Darsakudu]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Ab207|Ab207]] on 18 Jan 2021
* 17 Jan 2021 – [[The Great Leader Kanshiram]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Matt91486|Matt91486]] on 18 Jan 2021
* 11 Jan 2021 – [[Oka V Chitram]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was redirected to [[Aadhi Pinisetty]]
* 11 Jan 2021 – [[Saanjh]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Saanjh deleted]
* 11 Jan 2021 – [[Kunthapura]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kunthapura deleted]
* 14 Jan 2021 – [[Pyaar Ka Saaya]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Shshshsh|Shshshsh]] on 20 Jan 2021
* 17 Jan 2021 – [[Bulundi]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Shshshsh|Shshshsh]] on 20 Jan 2021
* 14 Jan 2021 – [[Www.anukudumbam.com]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Www.anukudumbam.com deleted]
* 14 Jan 2021 – [[Bhaaratheeyam]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhaaratheeyam deleted]
* 15 Jan 2021 – [[Akkare Ninnoru Sultan]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] and endorsed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 17 Jan 2021 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Akkare_Ninnoru_Sultan deleted]
* 15 Jan 2021 – [[Ariyaathe]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ariyaathe deleted]
* 15 Jan 2021 – [[Neelathadaakatthile Nizhalppakshikal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] and endorsed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 17 Jan 2021 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Neelathadaakatthile_Nizhalppakshikal deleted]
* 15 Jan 2021 – [[Kaivazhikal Piriyumbol]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] and endorsed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 17 Jan 2021 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kaivazhikal_Piriyumbol deleted]
* 15 Jan 2021 – [[Swapna Halliyil Orunaal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] and endorsed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 17 Jan 2021 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Swapna_Halliyil_Orunaal deleted]
* 16 Jan 2021 – [[Mangal Ho]] PRODed by [[User:Gotitbro|Gotitbro]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mangal_Ho deleted]
* 16 Jan 2021 – [[Maniyarakallan]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] and endorsed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] on 17 Jan 2021 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Maniyarakallan deleted]
* 22 Jan 2021 – [[Kumari Pennin Ullathile]] PRODed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was deproded by [[User:Terminator92|Terminator92]] on 30 Oct 2019
* 17 Jan 2021 – [[Agni Nilavu]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Agni_Nilavu deleted]
* 17 Jan 2021 – [[Bhala Manus]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhala_Manus deleted]
* 17 Jan 2021 – [[Chinna Mani]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chinna_Mani deleted]
* 18 Jan 2021 – [[Hitlist (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Hitlist_(film) deleted]
* 19 Jan 2021 – [[Kaamashaasthram]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kaamashaasthram deleted]
* 19 Jan 2021 – [[Muhammadum Musthafayum]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Muhammadum_Musthafayum deleted]
* 19 Jan 2021 – [[Kadhanayika]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kadhanayika deleted]
* 19 Jan 2021 – [[Sukhavasam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sukhavasam deleted]
* 19 Jan 2021 – [[Aswathy (1991 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aswathy_(1991_film) deleted]
* 19 Jan 2021 – [[Aakaashathekkoru Kilivaathil]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aakaashathekkoru_Kilivaathil deleted]
* 19 Jan 2021 – [[Kottaram Vaidyan]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kottaram_Vaidyan deleted]
* 19 Jan 2021 – [[Pradakshinam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pradakshinam deleted]
* 20 Jan 2021 – [[Sooryachakram]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sooryachakram deleted]
* 20 Jan 2021 – [[Ellaavarkkum Nanmakal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ellaavarkkum_Nanmakal deleted]
* 20 Jan 2021 – [[Mayangunna Manassukal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mayangunna_Manassukal deleted]
* 20 Jan 2021 – [[Kunjikkaikal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kunjikkaikal deleted]
* 20 Jan 2021 – [[Aadyarathrikku Munbu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aadyarathrikku_Munbu deleted]
* 20 Jan 2021 – [[Soundaryappinakkam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Soundaryappinakkam deleted]
* 20 Jan 2021 – [[Meghasangeetham]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Meghasangeetham deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Lal Salam (1990 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Walrus Ji|Walrus Ji]] on 27 Jan 2021
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Chandranilekkoru Vazhi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 31 Jan 2021
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Meghatheertham]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Meghatheertham deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Anthiponvettam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Anthiponvettam deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Kavyam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kavyam deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[OK Chacko Cochin Mumbai]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=OK_Chacko_Cochin_Mumbai deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Atheetham]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Atheetham deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Mazhanoolkkanavu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mazhanoolkkanavu deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Kanal Kannaadi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kanal_Kannaadi deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Meenthoni]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Meenthoni deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Indhanam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Indhanam deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Kulirkaattu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kulirkaattu deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Holi (1999 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Holi_(1999_film) deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Diamond Palace]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Diamond_Palace deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Poonilavu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Poonilavu deleted]
* 24 Jan 2021 – [[Nivedyam (2007 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nivedyam_(2007_film) deleted]
* 25 Jan 2021 – [[Yeh Jo Mohabbat Hai]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 01 Feb 2021
* 25 Jan 2021 – [[Manush Bhut]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Manush_Bhut deleted]
* 27 Jan 2021 – [[Senior Mandrake]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 03 Feb 2021
* 27 Jan 2021 – [[Six X]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Six_X deleted]
* 28 Jan 2021 – [[Mehandi Ban Gai Khoon]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mehandi_Ban_Gai_Khoon deleted]
* 28 Jan 2021 – [[Galileo (1994 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Galileo_(1994_film) deleted]
* 28 Jan 2021 – [[Athyunnathangalil Koodaaram Panithavar]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Athyunnathangalil_Koodaaram_Panithavar deleted]
* 28 Jan 2021 – [[Manikya Koodaram]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Manikya_Koodaram deleted]
* 28 Jan 2021 – [[Madamma]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Madamma deleted]
* 28 Jan 2021 – [[Moonilonnu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Moonilonnu deleted]
* 28 Jan 2021 – [[Nandagopaalante Kusruthikal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Nandagopaalante_Kusruthikal deleted]
* 28 Jan 2021 – [[Chalachithrolsavam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was deproded by [[User:64.222.180.90|64.222.180.90]] on 04 Feb 2021
* 28 Jan 2021 – [[Poomarathanalil]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Poomarathanalil deleted]
* 28 Jan 2021 – [[Manichilanka]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Manichilanka deleted]
* 28 Jan 2021 – [[Devi IPS]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Devi_IPS deleted]
* 30 Jan 2021 – [[Mandhira Punnagai (1986 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mandhira_Punnagai_(1986_film) deleted]
* 31 Jan 2021 – [[Baalyam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Baalyam deleted]
* 31 Jan 2021 – [[Arunam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Arunam deleted]
* 31 Jan 2021 – [[Kochu Kochu Thettukal (2000 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kochu_Kochu_Thettukal_(2000_film) deleted]
* 31 Jan 2021 – [[Manjukaalappakshi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Manjukaalappakshi deleted]
* 31 Jan 2021 – [[Vashyamanthram]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Vashyamanthram deleted]
* 31 Jan 2021 – [[Varnatheru]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Varnatheru deleted]
* 31 Jan 2021 – [[Kannaadikkadavathu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kannaadikkadavathu deleted]
* 31 Jan 2021 – [[Thadavarayile Rajakkanmaar]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thadavarayile_Rajakkanmaar deleted]
* 31 Jan 2021 – [[Padippura (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Padippura_(film) deleted]
* 31 Jan 2021 – [[Ente Priyappetta Muthuvinu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ente_Priyappetta_Muthuvinu deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Keralam Manoharam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Keralam_Manoharam deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Janmam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Janmam deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Sasinas]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sasinas deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Best Friends (2007 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Best_Friends_(2007_film) deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Achante Ponnumakkal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Achante_Ponnumakkal deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Sundarimare Sookshikkuka]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sundarimare_Sookshikkuka deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Nanma]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was deproded by [[User:Liz|Liz]] on 09 Feb 2021
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Chiratta Kalippattangal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Chiratta_Kalippattangal deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Hai (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Hai_(film) deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Judgement (1990 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Judgement_(1990_film) deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Commander (1990 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Commander_(1990_film) deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Rishi (1992 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Rishi_(1992_film) deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Agnishalabhangal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Agnishalabhangal deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[De Nova (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=De_Nova_(film) deleted]
* 02 Feb 2021 – [[Simon Peter Ninakku Vendi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Simon_Peter_Ninakku_Vendi deleted]
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Kochaniyan]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was deproded by [[User:Soman|Soman]] on 12 Feb 2021
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Thilakam (2002 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was deproded by [[User:Soman|Soman]] on 12 Feb 2021
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Achante Kochumol]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Achante_Kochumol deleted]
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Kakkakarumban]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kakkakarumban deleted]
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Soorya Puthrikal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Soorya_Puthrikal deleted]
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Saudhamini]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Saudhamini deleted]
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Prosecution (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Prosecution_(film) deleted]
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Ammuvinte Aangalamar]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ammuvinte_Aangalamar deleted]
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Avalude Janmam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Avalude_Janmam deleted]
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Beauty Palace]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Beauty_Palace deleted]
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Veruthe Nuna Parayaruthu]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Veruthe_Nuna_Parayaruthu deleted]
* 06 Feb 2021 – [[Masanagudi Mannadiyar Speaking]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Masanagudi_Mannadiyar_Speaking deleted]
* 15 Feb 2021 – [[Jagathy Jagadeesh in Town]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was deproded by [[User:Kashmorwiki|Kashmorwiki]] on 16 Feb 2021
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Superstar (1990 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Superstar_(1990_film) deleted]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Vedathi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Vedathi deleted]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Priye Ninakkaayi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Priye_Ninakkaayi deleted]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Priyankari]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Priyankari deleted]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Mimics 2000]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mimics_2000 deleted]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Summer Palace (2000 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Summer_Palace_(2000_film) deleted]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Naadam (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Naadam_(film) deleted]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Grihalakshmi (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Grihalakshmi_(film) deleted]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Ammuvinte Aattinkutty]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ammuvinte_Aattinkutty deleted]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Bhadra (2001 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhadra_(2001_film) deleted]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Snehadooth]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Snehadooth deleted]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Gentle Man Security]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Gentle_Man_Security deleted]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Mo Suna Pua]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mo_Suna_Pua deleted]
* 11 Feb 2021 – [[Sweet Heart]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sweet_Heart deleted]
* 14 Feb 2021 – [[Cancerum Laingeekia Rogangalum]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Cancerum_Laingeekia_Rogangalum deleted]
* 14 Feb 2021 – [[Thrasam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thrasam deleted]
* 14 Feb 2021 – [[Kanalaattam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kanalaattam deleted]
* 14 Feb 2021 – [[Pennorumbettaal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Pennorumbettaal deleted]
* 14 Feb 2021 – [[Mukhamudra]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mukhamudra deleted]
* 14 Feb 2021 – [[Mini Mol]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mini_Mol deleted]
* 14 Feb 2021 – [[Kannukal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kannukal deleted]
* 15 Feb 2021 – [[Kalavarkey]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kalavarkey deleted]
* 15 Feb 2021 – [[Kusruthi]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kusruthi deleted]
* 15 Feb 2021 – [[Passport (1983 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Passport_(1983_film) deleted]
* 15 Feb 2021 – [[Adheena]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Adheena deleted]
* 15 Feb 2021 – [[India Gate (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=India_Gate_(film) deleted]
* 15 Feb 2021 – [[Uthara]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Uthara deleted]
* 15 Feb 2021 – [[Kakki Nakshatram]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Kakki_Nakshatram deleted]
* 15 Feb 2021 – [[Ayur Rekha]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ayur_Rekha deleted]
* 15 Feb 2021 – [[Thanthra]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thanthra deleted]
* 16 Feb 2021 – [[Super Over (film)]] PRODed by [[User:MrsSnoozyTurtle|MrsSnoozyTurtle]] was deproded by [[User:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] on 23 Feb 2021
* 21 Feb 2021 – [[Swargam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Swargam deleted]
* 21 Feb 2021 – [[Ishtadanam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ishtadanam deleted]
* 21 Feb 2021 – [[Raajathanthram]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Raajathanthram deleted]
* 21 Feb 2021 – [[Killikurushiyile Kudumba Mela]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Killikurushiyile_Kudumba_Mela deleted]
* 21 Feb 2021 – [[Varum Varathirikilla Unni]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Varum_Varathirikilla_Unni deleted]
* 23 Feb 2021 – [[Ithihasam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ithihasam deleted]
* 23 Feb 2021 – [[Keerthanam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Keerthanam deleted]
* 23 Feb 2021 – [[Tharavadu (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Tharavadu_(film) deleted]
* 23 Feb 2021 – [[Vaisakha Rathiri]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Vaisakha_Rathiri deleted]
* 23 Feb 2021 – [[Thrisandhya (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Thrisandhya_(film) deleted]
* 08 Mar 2021 – [[Semshook]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Semshook deleted]
* 13 Mar 2021 – [[Not a Dirty Film]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Dwaipayanc|Dwaipayanc]] on 18 Mar 2021
* 13 Mar 2021 – [[Moodu Mulla Bandham]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Dwaipayanc|Dwaipayanc]] on 19 Mar 2021
* 13 Mar 2021 – [[Deshwasi]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was deproded by [[User:Dwaipayanc|Dwaipayanc]] on 19 Mar 2021
* 13 Mar 2021 – [[Bhogi (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Bhogi_(film) deleted]
* 15 Mar 2021 – [[Ghulami (2015 film)]] PRODed by [[User:Donaldd23|Donaldd23]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Ghulami_(2015_film) deleted]
* 27 Mar 2021 – [[Aaghosham]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was deproded by [[User:Spiderone|Spiderone]] on 27 Mar 2021
* 22 Mar 2021 – [[Premolsavam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Premolsavam deleted]
* 22 Mar 2021 – [[Aviraamam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Aviraamam deleted]
* 22 Mar 2021 – [[Randu Mukhangal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Randu_Mukhangal deleted]
* 22 Mar 2021 – [[Marattam]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Marattam deleted]
* 22 Mar 2021 – [[Theeram Thedunna Thirakal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Theeram_Thedunna_Thirakal deleted]
* 22 Mar 2021 – [[Sraadham]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Sraadham deleted]
* 22 Mar 2021 – [[Mayilpeeli]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Mayilpeeli deleted]
* 22 Mar 2021 – [[Viswasichalum Illenkilum]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Viswasichalum_Illenkilum deleted]
* 22 Mar 2021 – [[Vaasarashayya]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Vaasarashayya deleted]
* 22 Mar 2021 – [[Manmadha Sarangal]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Manmadha_Sarangal deleted]
* 22 Mar 2021 – [[Manasatranjante Diary]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Manasatranjante_Diary deleted]
* 22 Mar 2021 – [[Urvashi (film)]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Urvashi_(film) deleted]
* 22 Mar 2021 – [[Padaleeputhram]] PRODed by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Padaleeputhram deleted]
{{anchor|PRODbottom}}

== FAC ==
{{anchor|FAC}}
* 28 Sep 2018 – [[Mullum Malarum]] FA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was not promoted; [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Mullum Malarum/archive3|discussion]]
* 04 May 2019 – [[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]] FA nominated by [[User:Ssven2|Ssven2]] was promoted; [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/The Legend of Bhagat Singh/archive1|discussion]]
* 21 Jun 2019 – [[Parinda]] FA nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was promoted; [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Parinda/archive1|discussion]]
* 16 Jul 2019 – [[Mullum Malarum]] FA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was not promoted; [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Mullum Malarum/archive4|discussion]]
* 11 Nov 2019 – [[Sathi Leelavathi (1936 film)]] FA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was not promoted; [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Sathi Leelavathi (1936 film)/archive1|discussion]]
* 13 Feb 2020 – [[Sathi Leelavathi (1936 film)]] FA nominated by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was not promoted; [[Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Sathi Leelavathi (1936 film)/archive2|discussion]]
{{anchor|FACbottom}}

== RfC ==
{{anchor|RfC}}
* 09 Nov 2018 – [[Thugs of Hindostan]] RfC by [[User:Rush922|Rush922]] was closed; [[Talk:Thugs of Hindostan#rfctag|discussion]]
* 06 Nov 2018 – [[2.0 (film)]] RfC by [[User:Cyphoidbomb|Cyphoidbomb]] was closed; [[Talk:2.0 (film)#rfctag|discussion]]
{{anchor|RfCbottom}}

== PR ==
{{anchor|PR}}
* 04 Oct 2018 – [[Thiruvilaiyadal]] put up for PR by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Thiruvilaiyadal/archive1|discussion]]
* 31 Oct 2018 – [[Veerapandiya Kattabomman (film)]] put up for PR by [[User:Ssven2|Ssven2]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Veerapandiya Kattabomman (film)/archive2|discussion]]
* 04 May 2019 – [[Parinda]] put up for PR by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Parinda/archive1|discussion]]
* 07 Apr 2019 – [[Kal Ho Naa Ho]] put up for PR by [[User:Ssven2|Ssven2]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Kal Ho Naa Ho/archive2|discussion]]
* 14 Jan 2019 – [[Mullum Malarum]] put up for PR by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Mullum Malarum/archive1|discussion]]
* 13 Jun 2019 – [[Raja Harishchandra]] put up for PR by [[User:Vivvt|Vivvt]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Raja Harishchandra/archive1|discussion]]
* 30 Oct 2019 – [[Dangal (film)]] put up for PR by [[User:Justlookingforthemoment|Justlookingforthemoment]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Dangal (film)/archive1|discussion]]
* 10 Oct 2019 – [[Mouna Ragam]] put up for PR by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Mouna Ragam/archive1|discussion]]
* 09 Sep 2019 – [[Mullum Malarum]] put up for PR by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Mullum Malarum/archive2|discussion]]
* 13 May 2020 – [[Mary Kom (film)]] put up for PR by [[User:Krish!|Krish!]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Peer review/Mary Kom (film)/archive2|discussion]]
* 20 Jul 2020 – [[List of accolades received by Premam]] put up for PR by [[User:PK743|PK743]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Peer review/List of accolades received by Premam/archive1|discussion]]
{{anchor|PRbottom}}

== RfD ==
{{anchor|RfD}}
* 02 Jan 2019 – [[Taanaji : The Unsung Warrior]] →[[Tanaji Malusare]] RfDed by [[User:Rush922|Rush922]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2019 January 2#Taanaji_:_The_Unsung_Warrior|discussion]]
* 15 Feb 2019 – [[Khabardar (unreleased film)]] →[[Tatineni Rama Rao]] RfDed by [[User:Steel1943|Steel1943]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2019 February 15#Khabardar_(unreleased_film)|discussion]]
* 20 Feb 2019 – [[Rajasekhara Reddy (film)]] →[[Puri Jagannadh]] RfDed by [[User:JalenFolf|JalenFolf]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2019 February 20#Rajasekhara_Reddy_(film)|discussion]]
* 09 May 2019 – [[Ananya Panday]] →[[Student of the Year 2]] RfDed by [[User:Steel1943|Steel1943]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2019 May 6#Ananya_Panday|discussion]]
* 13 Sep 2019 – [[Thalapathi (2017 film)]] →[[Atlee Kumar]] RfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2019 September 13#<1>|discussion]]
* 25 Nov 2019 – [[Kalyanaraman (2014 film)]] →[[Venkat Prabhu]] RfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2019 November 25#<1>|discussion]]
* 07 Jun 2020 – [[LAW ( 2018 Film)]] →[[LAW (film)]] RfDed by [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|1234qwer1234qwer4]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 June 7#<1>|discussion]]
{{anchor|RfDbottom}}

== CfD ==
{{anchor|CfD}}
* 28 Dec 2018 – [[:Category:Bollywood war films]] CfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2018_December_28#|discussion]]
* 08 Mar 2019 – [[:Category:Tamil-language films dubbed in Telugu]] CfDed by [[User:BrownHairedGirl|BrownHairedGirl]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2019_March_8#Dubbed films|discussion]]
* 14 Apr 2019 – [[:Category:Indian art films]] CfDed by [[User:ToThAc|ToThAc]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2019_April_14#Category:Art films|discussion]]
* 16 Mar 2019 – [[:Category:Actors of Indian descent]] CfDed by [[User:Tom.Reding|Tom.Reding]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2019_March_16#People by country of descent and occupation|discussion]]
* 17 Aug 2019 – [[:Category:Indian LGBT-related films]] CfDed by [[User:JJMC89|JJMC89]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2019_August_17#LGBT-related media|discussion]]
* 08 Jan 2020 – [[:Category:Films produced by Dinesh D'Souza]] CfDed by [[User:JzG|JzG]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2020_January_8#Category:Films_produced_by_Dinesh_D'Souza|discussion]]
* 08 Jan 2020 – [[:Category:Films with screenplays by Dinesh D'Souza]] CfDed by [[User:JzG|JzG]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2020_January_8#Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_Dinesh_D'Souza|discussion]]
* 10 Mar 2020 – [[:Category:Films directed by Kadiri Venkata Reddy]] CfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2020_March_10#Category:Films_directed_by_Kadiri_Venkata_Reddy|discussion]]
* 21 Apr 2020 – [[:Category:Films with screenplays by Dinesh D'Souza]] CfDed by [[User:JzG|JzG]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2020_April_21#Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_Dinesh_D'Souza|discussion]]
* 21 Apr 2020 – [[:Category:Films produced by Dinesh D'Souza]] CfDed by [[User:JzG|JzG]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2020_April_21#Category:Films_produced_by_Dinesh_D'Souza|discussion]]
* 27 Jul 2020 – [[:Category:Films directed by P. Bharathiraja]] CfDed by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2020_July_27#Category:Films_directed_by_P._Bharathiraja|discussion]]
* 01 Nov 2020 – [[:Category:Bollywood lists of awards and nominations]] CfDed by [[User:*Treker|*Treker]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2020_November_1#Category:Bollywood_lists_of_awards_and_nominations|discussion]]
* 06 Jan 2021 – [[:Category:Dadasaheb Phalke International Film Festival Awards South]] CfDed by [[User:Cyphoidbomb|Cyphoidbomb]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2021_January_6#Category:Dadasaheb_Phalke_International_Film_Festival_Awards_South|discussion]]
{{anchor|CfDbottom}}

== TfD ==
{{anchor|TfD}}
* 01 Mar 2019 – [[Template:Suryavamsam]] TfDed by [[User:Zackmann08|Zackmann08]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 March 1#Template:Suryavamsam|discussion]]
* 25 Feb 2021 – [[Template:Yash Raj Films]] TfDed by [[User:Plastikspork|Plastikspork]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2021 February 25#Template:Yash Raj Films|discussion]]
{{anchor|TfDbottom}}

== FLC ==
{{anchor|FLC}}
* 02 Mar 2019 – [[List of accolades received by Vikram Vedha]] FL nominated by [[User:Ssven2|Ssven2]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of accolades received by Vikram Vedha/archive1|discussion]]
* 03 Apr 2019 – [[List of accolades received by Mersal]] FL nominated by [[User:Ssven2|Ssven2]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of accolades received by Mersal/archive1|discussion]]
* 02 May 2019 – [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Director]] FL nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/Kerala State Film Award for Best Director/archive1|discussion]]
* 15 Jul 2019 – [[Saif Ali Khan filmography]] FL nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/Saif Ali Khan filmography/archive1|discussion]]
* 23 Jul 2019 – [[Sanjay Dutt filmography]] FL nominated by [[User:CAPTAIN MEDUSA|CAPTAIN MEDUSA]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/Sanjay Dutt filmography/archive1|discussion]]
* 01 Aug 2020 – [[List of accolades received by Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum]] FL nominated by [[User:PK743|PK743]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of accolades received by Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum/archive1|discussion]]
* 24 Nov 2020 – [[Dimple Kapadia filmography]] FL nominated by [[User:Shshshsh|Shshshsh]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/Dimple Kapadia filmography/archive1|discussion]]
* 27 Jan 2021 – [[List of Indian winners and nominees of the Academy Awards]] FL nominated by [[User:Yashthepunisher|Yashthepunisher]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/List of Indian Academy Award winners and nominees/archive1|discussion]]
{{anchor|FLCbottom}}

== MfD ==
{{anchor|MfD}}
* 18 May 2019 – [[Portal:Malayalam cinema]] MfDed by [[User:BrownHairedGirl|BrownHairedGirl]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Portal%3aMalayalam_cinema delete]'' by [[User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] on 27 May 2019; [[Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Malayalam cinema|discussion]]
* 20 May 2019 – [[Portal:Telugu cinema]] MfDed by [[User:BrownHairedGirl|BrownHairedGirl]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Portal%3aTelugu_cinema delete]'' by [[User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] on 27 May 2019; [[Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Telugu cinema|discussion]]
* 05 Jun 2019 – [[Portal:Mumbai]] MfDed by [[User:BrownHairedGirl|BrownHairedGirl]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Portal%3aMumbai delete]'' by [[User:JJMC89|JJMC89]] on 12 Jun 2019; [[Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Mumbai (2nd nomination)|discussion]]
* 21 Aug 2020 – [[Draft:V Cinemas International]] MfDed by [[User:Nathan2055|Nathan2055]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Draft%3aV_Cinemas_International delete]'' by [[User:Salvio giuliano|Salvio giuliano]] on 29 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Drafts by RoboShutter|discussion]]
* 21 Aug 2020 – [[Draft:Operation Java]] MfDed by [[User:Nathan2055|Nathan2055]] was closed as ''[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Draft%3aOperation_Java delete]'' by [[User:Salvio giuliano|Salvio giuliano]] on 29 Aug 2020; [[Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Drafts by RoboShutter|discussion]]
{{anchor|MfDbottom}}

== AFC ==
{{anchor|AFC}}
* 18 Jul 2019 – [[Draft:Nanna Prakara]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Boleyn|Boleyn]] was closed
* 22 Feb 2019 – [[Draft:Anupama Gowda]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Riasharma11|Riasharma11]] was declined by [[User:Waddie96|Waddie96]] on 09 Sep 2019
* 23 Aug 2019 – [[Draft:Ishq (2019 film)]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Onel5969|Onel5969]] was moved to [[Ishq (2019 film)]] by [[User:Merru27352|Merru27352]] on 01 Oct 2019
* 11 Jun 2019 – [[Draft:Ekru Malayalam Short Film]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Jithupjohn97|Jithupjohn97]] was declined by [[User:Willsome429|Willsome429]] on 17 Oct 2019
* 25 Jul 2019 – [[Draft:Damayanthi (film)]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Damayanti(2019)|Damayanti(2019)]] was declined by [[User:Jovanmilic97|Jovanmilic97]] on 19 Oct 2019
* 01 May 2019 – [[Draft:Barroz: Guardian of D'Gama's Treasure]] submitted for AfC by [[User:DannyS712|DannyS712]] was declined by [[User:Bilorv|Bilorv]] on 20 Oct 2019
* 23 Jul 2019 – [[Draft:Palasa 1978]] submitted for AfC by [[User:ArthurCurry70|ArthurCurry70]] was moved to [[Palasa 1978]] by [[User:ChuckSpadina76|ChuckSpadina76]] on 28 Oct 2019
* 23 Aug 2019 – [[Draft:Crush (2019 film)]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Aishwarya Gowda|Aishwarya Gowda]] was declined by [[User:Bkissin|Bkissin]] on 05 Nov 2019
* 01 Feb 2019 – [[Draft:Sheeshmahal (film)]] submitted for AfC by [[User:ArthurCurry70|ArthurCurry70]] was declined by [[User:Taewangkorea|Taewangkorea]] on 25 Nov 2019
* 09 Aug 2019 – [[Draft:The Fourth Dimension (2019 film)]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Domdeparis|Domdeparis]] was declined by [[User:Onel5969|Onel5969]] on 27 Nov 2019
* 01 Oct 2019 – [[Draft:Picasso (film)]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Pavithra Sreekumar|Pavithra Sreekumar]] was moved to [[Picasso (film)]] by [[User:Pavithra Sreekumar|Pavithra Sreekumar]] on 08 Dec 2019
* 06 Feb 2020 – [[Draft:Rolling Panda Entertainment]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Praxidicae|Praxidicae]] was declined by [[User:GSS|GSS]] on 17 Feb 2020
* 09 May 2020 – [[Draft:Andhadhi (film)]] submitted for AfC by [[User:MrClog|MrClog]] was accepted to [[Andhadhi (film)]] by [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] on 11 May 2020
* 15 May 2020 – [[Draft:P J Film Production]] submitted for AfC by [[User:GSS|GSS]] was declined by [[User:Celestina007|Celestina007]] on 15 May 2020
* 04 Apr 2020 – [[Draft:Tsumugi Vidal Cáceres]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Bollystar|Bollystar]] was declined by [[User:MapleSoy|MapleSoy]] on 17 May 2020
* 25 May 2020 – [[Draft:Uttama Villain (soundtrack)]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Suja Satish 77|Suja Satish 77]] was closed
* 10 Jul 2019 – [[Draft:1956, Central Travancore]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Huon|Huon]] was rejected by [[User:1292simon|1292simon]] on 04 Jun 2020
* 31 May 2020 – [[Draft:Operation Java]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Smjsmj89|Smjsmj89]] was declined by [[User:GSS|GSS]] on 31 May 2020
* 18 Jul 2020 – [[Draft:Dhurala]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Cabayi|Cabayi]] was declined by [[User:SL93|SL93]] on 27 Aug 2020
* 17 Jul 2020 – [[Draft:777 charlie]] submitted for AfC by [[User:ToBeFree|ToBeFree]] was declined by [[User:LeoFrank|LeoFrank]] on 10 Oct 2020
* 24 Aug 2020 – [[Draft:Mudasir Zafar]] submitted for AfC by [[User:FilmIndia2020|FilmIndia2020]] was moved to [[Mudasir Zafar]] by [[User:FilmIndia2020|FilmIndia2020]] on 14 Oct 2020
* 14 Oct 2020 – [[Draft:Mudasir Zafar]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Justlettersandnumbers|Justlettersandnumbers]] was closed
* 15 Oct 2020 – [[Draft:UTV Software Communications]] submitted for AfC by [[User:MrsSnoozyTurtle|MrsSnoozyTurtle]] was declined by [[User:Nightenbelle|Nightenbelle]] on 17 Jan 2021
* 30 Jan 2021 – [[Draft:1956, Central Travancore]] submitted for AfC by [[User:TheSachuHopes|TheSachuHopes]] was declined by [[User:AngusWOOF|AngusWOOF]] on 31 Jan 2021
* 16 Dec 2020 – [[Draft:Haridhan Mukherjee]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Deshnayak|Deshnayak]] was declined by [[User:Kashmorwiki|Kashmorwiki]] on 19 Mar 2021
* 12 Feb 2021 – [[Draft:Idhe Maa Katha]] submitted for AfC by [[User:Cyphoidbomb|Cyphoidbomb]] was declined by [[User:AngusWOOF|AngusWOOF]] on 26 Mar 2021
{{anchor|AFCbottom}}

== MRG ==
{{anchor|MRG}}
* 10 Jul 2018 – [[Amrit Manthan (film)]] (initially [[Amrut Manthan]]) proposed for merging to [[Amrut Manthan]] by [[User:Matěj Suchánek|Matěj Suchánek]] was closed; [[Talk:Amrit Manthan (film)|discussion]]
* 22 Mar 2019 – [[Koodapirappu]] proposed for merging to [[Koodappirappu]] by [[User:Menjobleeko11|Menjobleeko11]] was closed; [[Talk:Koodappirappu#Merger proposal|discussion]]
* 14 Apr 2019 – [[Vidhivilasa]] proposed for merging to [[Vidhi Vilasa]] by [[User:Menjobleeko11|Menjobleeko11]] was closed; [[Talk:Vidhi Vilasa#Merger proposal|discussion]]
* 25 Sep 2019 – [[RSVP Movies]] proposed for merging to [[Ronnie Screwvala]] by [[User:Dharmadhyaksha|Dharmadhyaksha]] was closed; [[Talk:Ronnie Screwvala#Proposed merge with RSVP Movies|discussion]]
* 09 Feb 2020 – [[Lakshmi Putrudu]] proposed for merging to [[Vambu Sandai]] by [[User:DragoMynaa|DragoMynaa]] was closed; [[Talk:Vambu Sandai#Merger proposal|discussion]]
* 15 Jan 2019 – [[Thilothama]] (initially [[Tilottama (1966 film)]]) proposed for merging to [[Tilottama (1966 film)]] by [[User:Queryzo|Queryzo]] was closed; [[Talk:Thilothama|discussion]]
* 21 Mar 2019 – [[Madhuraswapnam]] proposed for merging to [[Madhura Swapanam]] by [[User:Menjobleeko11|Menjobleeko11]] was closed; [[Talk:Madhura Swapanam#Merger proposal|discussion]]
* 05 Nov 2019 – [[Baahubali: Music from the Motion Picture]] proposed for merging to [[Baahubali (franchise)]] by [[User:Richard3120|Richard3120]] was closed; [[Talk:Baahubali (franchise)#Merger proposal|discussion]]
* 31 Aug 2020 – [[Raja Sevai]] proposed for merging to [[Rechukka Pagatichukka]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:Rechukka Pagatichukka#Merger proposal|discussion]]
* 12 Oct 2020 – [[Vishal filmography]] proposed for merging to [[Vishal (actor)]] by [[User:TamilMirchi|TamilMirchi]] was closed; [[Talk:Vishal (actor)#Merger proposal|discussion]]
* 05 Oct 2020 – [[Nandamuri Balakrishna filmography]] proposed for merging to [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] by [[User:Salimfadhley|Salimfadhley]] was closed; [[Talk:Nandamuri Balakrishna#Proposed merge of Nandamuri Balakrishna filmography into Nandamuri Balakrishna|discussion]]
* 14 Apr 2020 – [[2.0 (score)]] proposed for merging to [[2.0 (soundtrack)]] by [[User:Titodutta|Titodutta]] was closed; [[Talk:2.0 (soundtrack)#Merger proposal|discussion]]
* 20 May 2020 – [[Thavalam (1983 film)]] proposed for merging to [[Thaavalam]] by [[User:Matěj Suchánek|Matěj Suchánek]] was closed; [[Talk:Thavalam (1983 film)#Merger proposal|discussion]]
* 26 Oct 2020 – [[Rashtram]] proposed for merging to [[Raashtram]] by [[User:Menjobleeko11|Menjobleeko11]] was closed; [[Talk:Raashtram|discussion]]
* 25 Dec 2020 – [[Kerala Film Critics Association]] proposed for merging to [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]] by [[User:Kolma8|Kolma8]] was closed; [[Talk:Kerala Film Critics Association Awards#Proposed merge of Kerala Film Critics Association into Kerala Film Critics Association Awards|discussion]]
* 18 Feb 2021 – [[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (soundtrack)]] proposed for merging to [[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]] by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Talk:Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy#Proposed merge of Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (soundtrack) into Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy|discussion]]
{{anchor|MRGbottom}}

== SPL ==
{{anchor|SPL}}
* 10 Feb 2020 – [[Punjabi cinema]] proposed for splitting by [[User:Gotitbro|Gotitbro]] was closed; [[Talk:Punjabi cinema|discussion]]
{{anchor|SPLbottom}}

== GAR ==
{{anchor|GAR}}
* 18 Apr 2020 – [[Mouna Ragam]] nominated for GA reassessment by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Talk:Mouna Ragam/GA2|discussion]]
* 29 Jul 2020 – [[Sathi Leelavathi (1936 film)]] nominated for GA reassessment by [[User:Kailash29792|Kailash29792]] was closed; [[Wikipedia:Good article reassessment/Sathi Leelavathi (1936 film)/1|discussion]]
{{anchor|GARbottom}}{{anchor|archivebottom}}
{{Wikipedia:Article alerts/Report archive page footer}}

Petrapole railway station

2024-12-21T05:18:40Z

RomanStrock4259: added a entry

{{Short description|Railway station in West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox station
| name = {{font color|blue|Petrapole railway station}}
| native_name =
| style = Indian Railways
| type = Indian Railways station
| image = Petrapole Railway Station.JPG
| image_caption = Petrapole railway station
| address = Jayantipur, [[North 24 Parganas district]], [[West Bengal]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|23.03771026139523 |88.86846346945615}}
| elevation = {{convert|13|m|ft}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| line = [[Sealdah–Bangaon line]]
| platform = 1
| tracks = 2
| other =
| structure = At grade
| depth =
| levels =
| parking = No
| bicycle = No
| accessible =
| status = Functional
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = PTPL
| zone = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| division = [[Sealdah railway division|Sealdah]]
}}
| opened = 1947
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| former =
| mpassengers =
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| route_map = {{Sealdah–Bangaon line|inline=yes|collapse=yes}}
| map_state = collapsed
| map_type = India West Bengal#India
| map_dot_label = Petrapole railway station
| map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India
| map_size = 300
}}

'''Petrapole railway station''' is a railway station of the [[Indian Railways]] located in the [[North 24 Parganas district]], [[West Bengal]]. Its station code is '''PTPL'''.<ref name=":1" /> It is located near the [[Indo-Bangladesh border]] and serves as a major border crossing point for freight trains to Bangladesh, with [[Benapole railway station|Benapole]] being the [[Bangladesh Railway]]s counterpart.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=BNAA/Bibhuti Bhushan Halt railway station|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/9542|website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Benepole Railway Station Map/Atlas BR/Bangladesh Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/benepole-ben/10445|access-date=2020-12-03|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-12-31|title=With tractors from Madurai, goods train chugs to Bangladesh|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/with-tractors-from-madurai-goods-train-chugs-to-bangladesh/article33465823.ece|access-date=2021-01-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== History ==
The Bengal Central Railway Company constructed a [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|broad gauge]] line connecting [[Dum Dum Junction railway station|Dum Dum]] with [[Khulna railway station|Khulna]] (now in Bangladesh), via [[Bangaon Junction railway station|Bangaon]] ({{Convert|108|mi|km}}) which opened in stages and was completed in 1884. These lines were merged with [[Eastern Bengal Railway]] in 1904.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bengal Central Railway|url=http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php?title=Bengal_Central_Railway|access-date=2 May 2013|publisher=fibis}}</ref>

After [[partition of India]] in 1947, Petrapole railway station was created as the terminus on the Indian side while the [[Benapole railway station]] became the terminus on the Bangladeshi side of the line. The [[Barisal Express]], launched in 1884, from [[Sealdah railway station|Sealdah]] to [[Khulna railway station|Khulna]] continued post-partition until rail services between the two countries were suspended due to the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thapliyal, Sangeeta. "India-Bangladesh Transportation Links: A Move for Closer Cooperation". Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses|url=http://www.idsa-india.org/an-mar9-8.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001012050222/http://idsa-india.org/an-mar9-8.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=12 October 2000|access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref> Freight services between the two countries were restored for a brief period of two years in 1972 but closed again due to a lack of goods.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=India, Bangladesh reintroduce rail link|website=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/india-bangladesh-reintroduce-rail-link/article27912008.ece|access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref> [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]] signed an agreement in July 2000 to resume freight services and the first freight train ran across the link on 21 January 2001.<ref name=":02" />

== Services ==
Petrapole serves as the major transit point of goods from India to Bangladesh. It directly connects to the [[Benapole land port]], the largest land port in Bangladesh which is responsible for 90% of the Indian goods imported to Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Trade through Benapole land port resumes after 10 weeks|language=en|work=The Financial Express|location=Dhaka|url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/public/trade/trade-through-benapole-land-port-resumes-after-10-weeks-1591550428|access-date=2020-06-28}}</ref><ref>[http://bsbk.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bsbk.portal.gov.bd/page/1da6d5ad_5287_4dc7_8146_0326260b1894/overview%20(Nov%2717).pdf Bangladesh Land Port Authority]</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web|title=Procurement Details|url=https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/procurement-detail/OP00050975|access-date=2020-06-28|website=World Bank|language=en}}</ref>

While initially handling only freight traffic, it became a border checkpoint for passengers after the [[Bandhan Express]] was introduced on this line in November 2017. It is a weekly service which traces the old route of the [[Barisal Express]] except for having its terminus in the [[Kolkata railway station]] instead of the [[Sealdah railway station]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prime Minister of India & Prime Minister of Bangladesh Jointly along with Chief Minister, West Bengal Flag off New Cross-Border Train between India & Bangladesh, "Kolkata-Khulna Bandhan Express" from Kolkata through Video Confencing. Two Rail Bridges in Bangladesh and International Rail Passenger Terminus at Kolkata Station also Inaugurated|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=173351|access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{columns-list|* [[North 24 Parganas district]]
* [[Benapole railway station]]
* [[Sealdah–Bangaon line]]
* [[Bangaon Junction railway station]]
* [[Transport in West Bengal]]|colwidth=22em}}
{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|India|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

*

{{Railway stations in West Bengal}}
{{Kolkata Suburban Railway, Eastern}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1947]]
[[Category:Petrapole|Rail]]
[[Category:Sealdah railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Kolkata Suburban Railway stations]]

{{WestBengal-railstation-stub}}

Maniawan

2024-11-02T14:48:43Z

RomanStrock4259: added a data!

{{Short description|Village in Bihar, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Maniawan
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.13106|N|85.49555|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nalanda district|Nalanda]]
| subdivision_type3 = Sub-district
| subdivision_name3 = [[Silao]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.93
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5638
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 803111
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Maniawan''' is a village in [[Silao]] subdistrict of [[Nalanda district]], [[Bihar]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 5,368, in 918 households.

== History ==
[[Hiranand Sastri]] identified Maniawan with the village of ''Maṇivāṭaka'' identified in a [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|copper-plate grant]] issued at [[Munger]] by [[Devapala of Bengal]] in the early 800s. The grant identified Maṇivāṭaka as belonging to the ''naya'' (subdivision) of Ajapura (which Shastri identified with present-day [[Ajaipur, Nalanda|Ajaipur]]), in the ''[[vishaya]]'' (province) of Rājagṛha (present-day [[Rajgir]]). In the grant, the revenues from Maṇivāṭaka and several other villages, along with all of their attached fields, pastures, and mango and [[Madhuca longifolia|madhuka]] orchards, were granted tax-exempt for the upkeep of a Buddhist monastery at [[Nalanda]] that had been founded by the king [[Balaputra]] of [[Srivijaya]].<ref name="Sastri 1917">{{cite book |last1=Sastri |first1=Hiranand |author1-link=Hiranand Sastri |editor1-last=Sastri |editor1-first=Hiranand |editor1-link=Hiranand Sastri |title=Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XVII |date=1917 |publisher=British India Press |location=Calcutta |pages=310–27 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.180697/page/n357 |access-date=26 October 2024 |chapter=The Nalanda Copper-Plate of Devapaladeva}}</ref>{{rp|317, 25}}

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Maniawan had a population of 5,368, in 918 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|648}} This population was 51.9% male (2,787) and 48.1% female (2,581). The 0-6 age group numbered 936 (488 male and 448 female), making up 17.4% of the total population. 1,590 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 29.6% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Nalanda, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/293/download/822/DH_2011_1027_PART_B_DCHB_NALANDA.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref>{{rp|244–5}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Maniawan (then part of [[Patna district]]) as having a total population of 1,710 people (880 male and 830 female), in 253 households and 201 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 972 acres and it had a primary school at that point.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Bihar (1 - Patna) |date=1966 |url=https://new.census.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29737/download/32918/22621_1961_PAT.pdf |access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref>{{rp|146}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Maniawan had 1 primary school and 1 primary health sub centre. Drinking water was provided by well, hand pump, and tube well/borehole; there was at least one public toilet. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Nalanda, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/292/download/818/DH_2011_1027_PART_A_DCHB_NALANDA.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref>{{rp|648–52}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nalanda district}}

[[Category:Villages in Nalanda district]]