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List of titles and honours of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma

2023-10-09T16:23:31Z

Rohitltd: Created page with 'Mountbatten by [[Allan Warren in 1976]] Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, received numerous titles, decorations and honorary appointments during his time as Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia Command, in the Second World War, the last Viceroy and Governor-General of India, First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff...'

{{Short description|List of titles and honours}}
[[File:Lord Mountbatten Naval in colour Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|right|Mountbatten by [[Allan Warren]] in 1976]]
[[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma]], received numerous titles, decorations and honorary appointments during his time as [[Supreme Allied Commander]], [[South East Asia Command]], in the [[Second World War]], the last [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy and Governor-General of India]], [[First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff]], [[Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the Defence Staff]], and due to his close relation to the [[British royal family]] and numerous other European royal families.

Where two dates are shown, the first indicates the date of receiving the title or award (the title of Prince Louis of Battenberg being given as from his birth) and the second indicates the date of its loss, renunciation or when its use was discontinued.

==Royal and noble titles and styles==
* 25 June 1900 – 14 July 1917: ''His Serene Highness'' Prince Louis of Battenberg
* 14 July 1917 – 7 November 1917: Louis Mountbatten, Esq.
* 7 November 1917 – 23 August 1946: Lord Louis Mountbatten
* 23 August 1946 – 21 February 1947: ''The Right Honourable'' The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 37702| date = 27 August 1946| page = 4305}}</ref>
* 21 February 1947 – 15 August 1947: ''His Excellency'' ''The Right Honourable'' The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, Viceroy and Governor-General of India<ref name="Viceroy">{{London Gazette| issue = 37916| date = 25 March 1947| page = 1399}}</ref>
* 15 August 1947 – 28 October 1947: ''His Excellency'' ''The Right Honourable'' The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, Governor-General of India<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 38059| date = 29 August 1947| page = 4095}}</ref>
* 28 October 1947 – 21 June 1948: ''His Excellency'' ''The Right Honourable'' The Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Governor-General of India<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 38109| date = 28 October 1947| page = 5074}}</ref>
* 21 June 1948 – 27 August 1979: ''The Right Honourable'' The Earl Mountbatten of Burma

Mountbatten was born a prince of Battenberg, a morganatic cadet branch of the [[House of Hesse-Darmstadt]], with the style of ''[[Serene Highness]]''. On 14 July 1917, his father, [[Prince Louis of Battenberg]], dropped his German princely title due to anti-German feelings prevalent in Britain during [[World War I]]. Members of the [[Battenberg family]] living in Britain took the anglicized surname Mountbatten.<ref>{{cite book|first=Richard|last=Hough|author-link=Richard Hough|title=Louis and Victoria: The Family History of the Mountbattens |page=317 | edition=2nd|publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson|location=London|year=1984|isbn=978-0-297-78470-8}}</ref> Until his father was created [[Marquess of Milford Haven]] on 7 November 1917, Mountbatten had no title besides his military rank. From then he had the [[Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom|courtesy title]] ''Lord'' prefixed to his Christian name. He continued being styled as such until being raised to the peerage himself, first as Viscount Mountbatten of Burma on 23 August 1946 and later as [[Earl Mountbatten of Burma]], both with the style of ''[[The Right Honourable]]'', on 28 October 1947. From 21 February 1947 to 21 June 1948, he carried the additional style of ''[[Excellency]]'' by virtue of his Indian viceregal positions.

==Naval ranks==
[[File:Mountbatten inspects Indian troops at Singapore 1945.jpg|thumb|right|Captain Lord Louis Mountbatten inspects Indian troops in Singapore, 1945]]
; {{flagicon|UK|naval}} Royal Navy
* 15 July 1916: [[Midshipman]]<ref name="Ranks">{{cite web |title=Naval officer's service record: Louis Mountbatten |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/+/https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/transcripts/service_records/navalofficer_sr.htm |website=The National Archives |access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref>
* 15 January 1919: [[Sub-Lieutenant]]<ref name="Ranks"/>
* 15 April 1920: [[Lieutenant (navy)|Lieutenant]]<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 32461 | date = 20 September 1921| page = 7384}}</ref>
* 15 April 1928: [[Lieutenant-Commander]]<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 33378| date = 24 April 1928| page = 2900}}</ref>
* 31 December 1932: [[Commander (Royal Navy)|Commander]]<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 33899| date = 3 January 1933| page = 48}}</ref>
* 30 June 1937: [[Captain (Royal Navy)|Captain]]<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 34414| date = 2 July 1937| page = 4247}}</ref>
* 2 January 1946: [[Rear admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear Admiral]]<ref name="Ranks"/>
* 22 June 1949: [[Vice-admiral (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral]]<ref name="Ranks"/>
* 27 January 1953: [[Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral]]<ref name="Ranks"/>
* 22 October 1956: [[Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral of the Fleet]]<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 40927| date = 16 November 1956| page = 6492}}</ref>

==Commonwealth honours==
[[File:Coat of Arms of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC, FRS.png|thumb|right|Mountbatten's arms encircled with the garter of [[Order of the Garter]]]]

===British Empire/Commonwealth realms===
'''Appointments''' (Shown in order in which appointments were made, not order of precedence)
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Appointments from Commonwealth realms
|-
! scope="col" style="width:12em;"| Country
! scope="col"| Date
! scope="col"| Appointment
! scope="col"| Ribbon
! scope="col"| Post-nominal letters
|-
|rowspan=12| {{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
| 11 October 1920
| Member of the Fifth Class of the [[Royal Victorian Order]]<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 32086| date = 15 October 1920| page = 9987}}</ref>
|rowspan=3| [[File:UK Royal Victorian Order ribbon.svg|60px]]
| MVO
|-
| 18 July 1922
| Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 32730| date = 18 July 1922| page = 5353}}</ref>
| KCVO
|-
| 1 February 1937
| Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 34365 | date = 29 January 1937| page = 693| supp = y}}</ref>
| GCVO
|-
| 1 January 1929
| Commander of the [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33453|date=1 January 1929|page=49}}</ref>
|rowspan=2| [[File:Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg|60px]]
| CStJ
|-
| 21 June 1940
| Knight of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 34878| date = 21 June 1940| page = 3777}}</ref>
| KStJ
|-
| 23 June 1936
| [[Personal aide-de-camp|Personal Naval Aide-de-Camp]] to [[Edward VIII|King Edward VIII]]<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 34296| date = 19 June 1936| page = 4012| supp = y}}</ref>
|rowspan=3|
|rowspan=3| ADC
|-
| 1 February 1937
| Personal Naval Aide-de-Camp to [[George VI|King George VI]]<ref>{{London Gazette| issue = 34365| date = 29 January 1937| page = 687| supp = y}}</ref>
|-
| March 1953
| Personal Aide-de-Camp to [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]]<ref name="Ranks"/>
|-
| 1 January 1941
| Companion of the [[Distinguished Service Order]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35029|date=31 December 1940|page=25|supp=y}}</ref>
| [[File:Dso-ribbon.png|60px]]
| DSO
|-
| 1943
| Companion of the [[Order of the Bath|Most Honourable Order of the Bath]]<ref name="Ranks"/>
|rowspan=3| [[File:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|60px]]
| CB
|-
| 10 April 1945
| Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37023|date=6 April 1945|page=1893|supp=y}}</ref>
| KCB
|-
| 9 June 1955
| Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=40497|date=3 June 1955|page=3258|supp=y}}</ref>
| GCB
|-
| {{flagicon|England}}/{{flagicon|Wales}} England and Wales
| 3 December 1946
| 897th Knight Companion of the [[Order of the Garter|Most Noble Order of the Garter]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37807|date=3 December 1946|page=5945|supp=y}}</ref>
| [[File:Order of the Garter UK ribbon.svg|60px]]
| KG
|-
| {{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
| 1947
| Member of [[Privy Council (United Kingdom)|His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council]]{{refn|Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council from 6 February 1952.|group= n}}
|
| PC
|-
|rowspan=4| {{Flagu|British Raj}}
| 21 February 1947 – 15 August 1947
| Grand Master of the [[Order of the Star of India|Most Exalted Order of the Star of India]]<ref name="Viceroy"/>{{refn|As Viceroy and Governor-General of India, who was the ''ex officio'' Grand Master of the order.|group= n}}
|rowspan=2| [[File:1000px ribbon bar of the Order of Maria Anna.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 21 February 1947
| Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India<ref name="Viceroy"/>
| GSCI
|-
| 21 February 1947 – 15 August 1947
| Grand Master of the [[Order of the Indian Empire|Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire]]<ref name="Viceroy"/>{{refn|As Viceroy and Governor-General of India, who was the ''ex officio'' Grand Master of the order.|group= n}}
|rowspan=2| [[File:Order of the Indian Empire Ribbon.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 21 February 1947
| Knight Grand Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire<ref name="Viceroy"/>
| GCIE
|-
| {{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
| 16 July 1965
| Member of the [[Order of Merit]], Military Division<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=43713|date=16 July 1965|page=6729}}</ref>
| [[File:Galó de l'Orde del Mèrit (UK).svg|60px]]
| OM
|}

'''Decorations''' (Shown in order in which appointments were made, not order of precedence)
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Decoration from Commonwealth realms
|-
! scope="col" style="width:12em;"| Country
! scope="col"| Date
! scope="col"| Appointment
! scope="col"| Ribbon
! scope="col"| Post-nominal letters
|-
|rowspan=15| {{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
| 22 June 1911
| [[King George V Coronation Medal]]
| [[File:King George V Coronation Medal ribbon.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 26 July 1919
| [[British War Medal]]
| [[File:British War Medal BAR.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 1 September 1919
| [[Victory Medal (United Kingdom)|Victory Medal]]
| [[File:Victory Medal ribbon bar.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 6 May 1935
| [[King George V Silver Jubilee Medal]]
| [[File:King George V Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 12 May 1937
| [[King George VI Coronation Medal]]
| [[File:GeorgeVICoronationRibbon.png|60px]]
|
|-
| 1945
| [[1939–45 Star]]
| [[File:39-45 Star BAR.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 1945
| [[Atlantic Star]]
| [[File:Atlantic Star BAR.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 1945
| [[Africa Star]]
| [[File:Africa Star BAR.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 1945
| [[Burma Star]]
| [[File:Burma Star BAR.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 1945
| [[Italy Star]]
| [[File:Italy Star BAR.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 1945
| [[Defence Medal (United Kingdom)|Defence Medal]]
| [[File:Defence Medal BAR.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 1945
| [[War Medal 1939–1945]]
| [[File:War Medal 39-45 w MID BAR.svg|60px]]
|
|-
|
| [[Naval General Service Medal (1915)|Naval General Service Medal]]
| [[File:Naval General Service Medal 1915 BAR.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 2 June 1953
| [[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal]]
| [[File:UK Queen EII Coronation Medal ribbon.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 6 February 1977
| [[Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal]]
| [[File:UK Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|60px]]
|}

===Other commonwealth countries===
'''Appointments''' (Shown in order in which appointments were made, not order of precedence)
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Appointments from other Commonwealth countries
|-
! scope="col" style="width:12em;"| Country
! scope="col"| Date
! scope="col"| Appointment
! scope="col"| Ribbon
! scope="col"| Post-nominal letters
|-
| {{Flagu|Maldives}}
| 1972
| Collar of the [[Order of the Distinguished Rule of Izzuddin|Most Honourable Order of the Distinguished Rule of Izzuddin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://presidencymaldives.gov.mv/Press/Article/12895 |title=President Waheed Confers the order of 'Nishan Izzuddeen" on Palestinian President |date=5 June 2013 |website=The President's Office |publisher=Government of the Republic of Maldives |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref>
| [[File:Order_of_Izzuddin_(Maldives)_-_ribbon_bar_v._1996.png|60px]]
|
|}

'''Decorations''' (Shown in order in which appointments were made, not order of precedence)
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Decoration from other Commonwealth countries
|-
! scope="col" style="width:12em;"| Country
! scope="col"| Date
! scope="col"| Appointment
! scope="col"| Ribbon
! scope="col"| Post-nominal letters
|-
| {{Flagu|India}}
| 1949
| [[Indian Independence Medal]]
| [[File:Indian Independence medal 1947.svg|60px]]
|
|}

==Foreign honours==
[[File:Coat of Arms of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (Order of the Seraphim).svg|thumb|right|Mountbatten's arms encircled with the collar of the Swedish [[Order of the Seraphim]]]]
'''Appointments''' (Shown in order in which appointments were made, not order of precedence)
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Foreign appointments
|-
! scope="col" style="width:12em;"| Country
! scope="col"| Date
! scope="col"| Appointment
! scope="col"| Ribbon
! scope="col"| Post-nominal letters
|-
| {{Flagdeco|Grand Duchy of Hesse}} Grand Duchy of Hesse
|
| Grand Cross of the [[Ludwig Order|Grand Ducal Hessen Order of Louis]]<ref name="Cambridge">{{cite web |title=Earl Mountbatten of Burma |url=https://cuhags.soc.srcf.net/patrons/mb.html |website=The Cambridge University Heraldic & Genealogical Society |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
| [[File:Ludwig Order (Hesse) - ribbon bar.png|60px]]
|
|-
| {{Flagdeco|Spain|1843}} Kingdom of Spain
| 1922
| Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Isabella the Catholic]]<ref name=debretts1976>{{cite book |title= Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage |year= 1976 |publisher= Kelly's Directories |location= Kingston upon Thames, Surrey |page= 882 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=6Gc-AQAAIAAJ |via= Google Books}}</ref>
| [[File:ESP Isabella Catholic Order GC.svg|60px]]
| gcYC
|-
| {{Flagdeco|Kingdom of Egypt}} Kingdom of Egypt
| 1922
| Officer of the [[Order of the Nile]]<ref name=debretts1976/>
| [[File:EGY Order of the Nile - Officer BAR.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| {{Flagdeco|Japan|1870}} Empire of Japan
| 1922
| The [[Order of the Rising Sun]], Fourth Class<ref name="Cambridge"/>
| [[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 4Class BAR.svg|60px]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2| {{Flagdeco|Kingdom of Romania}} Kingdom of Romania
| 1924
| Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Crown of Romania]]<ref name=debretts1976/>
| [[File:Ro1ocr.gif|60px]]
|
|-
| 1937
| Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Star of Romania]]<ref name=debretts1976/>
| [[File:Order of the Star of Romania - Ribbon bar.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| {{Flagdeco|United States|1912}} United States of America
| 1943
| Chief Commander of the [[Legion of Merit]]<ref name=diaries>{{harvp|Ziegler|1989|pp= 18, 254}}.</ref>
| [[File:US Legion of Merit Chief Commander ribbon.png|60px]]
|
|-
| {{Flagdeco|Republic of China}} Republic of China
| 1945
| Special Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Cloud and Banner]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37023|date=6 April 1945|page=1895|supp=y}}</ref>
| [[File:Order of the Cloud and Banner 1st.gif|60px]]
|
|-
| {{Flagdeco|Thailand}} Kingdom of Thailand
| 21 January 1946
| Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the White Elephant|Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant]]<ref name=AP7-17-65/><ref>{{harvp|Ziegler|1988|p=288}}</ref>
| [[File:Order of the White Elephant - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|60px]]
| PCh (KCE)
|-
| {{flagdeco|Nepal}} Kingdom of Nepal
| 10 May 1946
| Member of the First Class of the [[Order of the Star of Nepal|Most Refulgent Order of the Star of Nepal]]<ref name=AP7-17-65/>
| [[File:Most Refulgent Order of the Star of Nepal.PNG|60px]]
|
|-
| {{Flagdeco|France}} French Republic
| 3 June 1946
| Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour|National Order of the Legion of Honour]]<ref name=AP7-17-65>{{cite news |agency= Associated Press |title= Draped with Honors Mountbatten Steps Down as Defense Chief |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19650717&id=HCsNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4917,2454145 |access-date= 13 September 2013 |newspaper= Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date= 17 July 1965 |via= [[Google News]] }}</ref><ref name="Ziegler_1988_341">{{harvp|Ziegler|1988|p=341}}</ref>
| [[File:Legion Honneur GC ribbon.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| {{Flagdeco|Kingdom of Greece}} Kingdom of Greece
| 1946
| Grand Cross (Military) of the [[Order of George I|Royal Order of George I]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37777|date=1 November 1946|page=5418|supp=y}}</ref>
| [[File:GRE_Order_of_George_I_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png|60px]]
|
|-
| {{Flagdeco|Netherlands}} Kingdom of the Netherlands
| 1948
| Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=38176|date=13 January 1948|page=274}}</ref>
| [[File:NLD Order of the Dutch Lion - Grand Cross BAR.png|60px]]
|
|-
| {{flagdeco|Portugal}} Portuguese Republic
| 1951
| Grand Cross of the [[Military Order of Aviz|Military Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz]]<ref name=debretts1976/>
| [[File:PRT Military Order of Aviz - Grand Cross BAR.svg|60px]]
| GCA
|-
| {{flagdeco|Sweden}} Kingdom of Sweden
| 1952
| Knight of the [[Order of the Seraphim|Royal Order of the Seraphim]]
| [[File:Seraphimerorden ribbon.svg|60px]]
| RSerafO
|-
| {{flagdeco|Burma|1948}} Union of Burma
| 1956
| Grand Commander of the [[Thiri Thudhamma Thingaha|Most Glorious Order of Truth]]<ref name=diaries/>
| [[File:Ordine della Verità - divisione militare (Birmania).png|60px]]
|
|-
| {{flagdeco|Denmark}} Kingdom of Denmark
| 1962
| Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Dannebrog]]<ref name=debretts1976/>
| [[File:DNK Order of Danebrog Grand Cross BAR.png|60px]]
| S.K.
|-
| {{flagdeco|Ethiopian Empire}} Ethiopian Empire
| 1956
| Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Seal of Solomon]]<ref name=debretts1976/>
| [[File:ETH Order of Solomon BAR.png|60px]]
|
|}

'''Decorations''' (Shown in order in which appointments were made, not order of precedence)
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Foreign decoration
|-
! scope="col" style="width:12em;"| Country
! scope="col"| Date
! scope="col"| Appointment
! scope="col"| Ribbon
! scope="col"| Post-nominal letters
|-
| {{flagdeco|Kingdom of Greece}} Kingdom of Greece
| 1941
| [[War Cross (Greece)|War Cross]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35538|date=24 April 1942|page=1850|supp=y}}</ref>
| [[File:Greek War Cross 1940 3rd class ribbon.png|60px]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2| {{flagdeco|United States|1912}} United States of America
| 1945
| [[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medal]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37299|date=5 October 1945|page=4954|supp=y}}</ref>
| [[File:Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| 1945
| [[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]]
| [[File:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| {{flagdeco|France}} French Republic
| 3 June 1946
| [[Croix de Guerre 1939–1945|1939–1945 War Cross]]
| [[File:Croix de Guerre 1939-1945 ribbon.svg|60px]]
|
|-
| {{flagdeco|Nepal}} Kingdom of Nepal
| 24 February 1975
| King Birendra Coronation Medal
| [[File:King Birendra Investiture Medal 1975.png|60px]]
|
|}

==Wear of orders, decorations, and medals==
Awards that were worn regularly by Mountbatten are noted in the above tables and were worn in accordance with customary British conventions applicable to the occasion, the location and to the form of dress worn. Awards not specifically noted were worn by Mountbatten on appropriate occasions relating to the country that made the award, again in accordance with UK conventions. The ribbons worn by Mountbatten at the time of his death were as follows: Displayed as they would be worn on a uniform shirt.
{|style="margin:auto;"
|+Ribbons of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
|-
|[[File:Order of the Garter UK ribbon.svg|90px]]
|[[File:Order of the Bath UK ribbon.svg|90px]]
|[[File:Order of Merit (Commonwealth realms) ribbon.svg|90px]]
|[[File:1000px ribbon bar of the Order of Maria Anna.svg|90px]]
|-
|[[File:Order of the Indian Empire Ribbon.svg|90px]]
|[[File:Royal Victorian Order ribbon sm.jpg|90px]]
|[[File:Dso-ribbon.png|90px]]
|[[File:Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg|90px]]
|-
|[[File:British War Medal BAR.svg|90px]]
|[[File:World War I Victory Medal ribbon.svg|90px]]
|[[File:39-45 Star BAR.svg|90px]]
|[[File:Atlantic Star BAR.svg|90px]]
|-
|[[File:Africa Star BAR.svg|90px]]
|[[File:Burma Star BAR.svg|90px]]
|[[File:Italy Star BAR.svg|90px]]
|[[File:Defence Medal BAR.svg|90px]]
|-
|[[File:War Medal 39-45 w MID BAR.svg|90px]]
|[[File:Naval General Service Medal 1915 BAR.svg|90px]]
|[[File:King George V Coronation Medal ribbon.svg|90px]]
|[[File:King George V Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|90px]]
|-
|[[File:GeorgeVICoronationRibbon.png|90px]]
|[[File:UK Queen EII Coronation Medal ribbon.svg|90px]]
|[[File:UK Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|90px]]
|[[File:Indian Independence medal 1947.svg|90px]]
|-
|[[File:Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg|90px]]
|[[File:US Legion of Merit Chief Commander ribbon.png|90px]]
|[[File:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|90px]]
|[[File:Greek War Cross 1940 3rd class ribbon.png|90px]]
|-
|[[File:Order of George I Silver Cross ribbon.PNG|90px]]
|[[File:Bronze Star Medal ribbon.svg|90px]]
|[[File:Legion Honneur GC ribbon.svg|90px]]
|[[File:Croix de Guerre 1939-1945 ribbon.svg|90px]]
|-
|[[File:Order of the Cloud and Banner 1st.gif|90px]]
|[[File:PRT Military Order of Aviz - Grand Cross BAR.svg|90px]]
|[[File:Ord.Neth.Lion.jpg|90px]]
|[[File:Most Refulgent Order of the Star of Nepal.PNG|90px]]
|-
|[[File:POL Polonia Restituta Kawalerski BAR.svg|90px]]
|[[File:DNK Order of Danebrog Grand Cross BAR.png|90px]]
|[[File:Order of the Star of Romania - Ribbon bar.svg|90px]]
|[[File:ESP Isabella Catholic Order GC.svg|90px]]
|}

Mountbatten was one of the few persons eligible to wear four stars of British orders of knighthood. On his uniform, he wore the stars of the orders of the [[Order of the Garter|Garter]], [[Order of the Bath|Bath]], [[Order of the Star of India|Star of India]] and the [[Royal Victorian Order]]. No other British national was again eligible until his nephew, [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]], was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order in 2017. He wore the riband of the Garter, except on [[collar day]]s, when he wore the Garter collar with the riband of his second highest order, the Order of the Bath. He was the last person to publicly wear the insignia of a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India. Having been appointed [[personal aide-de-camp]] to three sovereigns, [[Edward VIII]], [[George VI]] and [[Elizabeth II]], he bore the unusual distinction of being allowed to wear three royal cyphers on his epaulettes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-royalty-lord-mountbatten-107817907.html| title=Royalty – Lord Mountbatten|publisher=Alamy|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/objects/the-earl-mountbatten-of-burma| title=Earl Mountbatten of Bruma| date=3 March 2016|publisher=International Center of Photography|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref>

==Honorary positions==
===Military===
[[File:Lord Mountbatten 22 Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|right|Mountbatten in uniform as Colonel of the Life Guards for the [[Trooping the Colour|Queen's Birthday Parade]], 1973]]
; {{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
* {{flagicon|UK|army}} 29 January 1965 – 27 August 1979: [[Colonel (United Kingdom)#Ceremonial usage|Colonel]], [[Life Guards (United Kingdom)|The Life Guards]] and [[Gold Stick and Silver Stick#Gold Stick|Gold Stick-in-Waiting]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=43563|supp=y|page=1147|date=2 February 1965}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Royal Marines.png}} 3 August 1965 – 27 August 1979: [[Colonel commandant#United Kingdom|Colonel Commandant]], [[Royal Marines]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue= 43731|page=7446|date=6 August 1965}}</ref>

===Civil===
; {{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
* 20 July 1965 – 1 April 1974: [[List of governors of the Isle of Wight|Governor of the Isle of Wight]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=43720 |date=23 July 1965 |page=7029}}</ref>
* 1 April 1974 – 27 August 1979: [[Lord Lieutenant of the Isle of Wight]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=46255 |date=4 April 1974 |page=4399}}</ref>

==Non-national titles and honours==
===City freedoms===
* {{flagdeco|City of London}} [[Freedom of the City of London|City of London]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Lord Mountbatten Receives Freedom Of City Of London (1946)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzJjFEUdvQo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/hzJjFEUdvQo |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Scotland}} [[Edinburgh]]<ref name="Edinburgh">{{cite web |title=Jan. 01, 1954 - LORD AND LADY MOUNTBATTEN RECEIVE FREEDOM OF EDINBURGH |url=https://www.alamy.com/jan-01-1954-lord-and-lady-mountbatten-receive-freedom-of-edinburgh-image69286364.html |website=Alamy |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>

===Memberships and fellowships===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:20%;"| Country
! style="width:20%;"| Date
! style="width:40%;"| Organisation
! style="width:20%;"| Position
|-
| {{Flagu|England}}
| 1948
| [[Christ's College, Cambridge]]
| Honorary Fellow<ref name="CCC"/>
|-
| {{Flagu|England}}
| 1968
| [[Royal Society|Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge]]
| [[Fellow of the Royal Society|Fellow]]<ref>{{harvp|Zuckerman|1981|p=354–366}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
| 1965
| [[Institution of Electrical Engineers]]
| Honorary Member<ref>{{cite web |title=Honorary Member |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=5177155 |website=Institution of Electrical Engineers |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
|}

===Patronages and presidencies===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:20%;"| Country
! style="width:20%;"| Date
! style="width:40%;"| Organisation
! style="width:20%;"| Position
|-
| {{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
| 1957
| [[Cambridge University Heraldic and Genealogical Society]]
| Patron
|-
| {{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
| 1966–1972
| [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]
| President
|-
| International
| 1968–1977
| [[United World Colleges]]
| President<ref>{{cite web |title=UWC History & Founding Ideas |url=https://www.uwc.org/history |website=UWC |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
|}

===Honorary degrees===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:20%;"| Country
! style="width:20%;"| Date
! style="width:40%;"| Institution
! style="width:20%;"| Degree
|-
| {{Flagu|England}}
| 1946
| [[University of Cambridge]]
| [[Doctor of Law]] (LLD)<ref name="CCC">{{cite web |title=Earl Louis Mountbatten of Burma (1900-1979) |url=https://alumni.christs.cam.ac.uk/earl-mountbatten |website=Christ's College Cambridge Alumni |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|England}}
| 1946
| [[University of Oxford]]
| [[Doctor of Civil Law]] (DCL)<ref>{{cite web |title=Oxford University awards honourary degrees (1946) |url=https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/136496/ |website=British Pathé |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|India}}
| 1948
| [[Delhi University|University of Delhi]]
| [[Doctor of Science]] (DSc)<ref name="Cambridge"/>
|-
| {{Flagu|India}}
| 1948
| [[Patna University]]
| Doctor of Science (DSc)<ref name="Cambridge"/>
|-
| {{Flagu|England}}
| 1950
| [[University of Leeds]]
| Doctor of Law (LLD)<ref name="Cambridge"/>
|-
| {{Flagu|Scotland}}
| 1954
| [[University of Edinburgh]]
| Doctor of Law (LLD)<ref name="Edinburgh"/>
|-
| {{Flagu|England}}
| 1955
| [[University of Southampton]]
| Doctor of Law (LLD)<ref name="Cambridge"/>
|-
| {{Flagu|England}}
| 1960
| [[University of London]]
| Doctor of Law (LLD)<ref name="Cambridge"/>
|-
| {{Flagu|England}}
| 1963
| [[University of Sussex]]
| Doctor of Law (LLD)<ref name="Cambridge"/>
|-
| {{Flagu|Scotland}}
| 1968
| [[Heriot-Watt University]]
| Doctor of Science (DSc)
|-
| {{Flagu|United States}}
| 1972
| [[University of Pennsylvania]]
| Doctor of Law (LLD)<ref>{{cite web |title=Honorary Degree Recipients by Year |url=https://secretary.upenn.edu/ceremonies/honorary-degree-recipients/chronological |website=Penn University Secretary |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
|}

==Honorific eponyms==
[[File:Rosa 'Mountbatten' IMG 4406.jpg|thumb|right|''Rosa'' 'Mountbatten']]

===Awards===
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mountbatten Maritime Prize]]
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[IET Mountbatten Medal]]

===Buildings===
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[The Mountbatten School]], [[Romsey]], Hampshire
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mountbatten Centre]], [[Portsmouth]], Hampshire
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Earl Mountbatten Hospice]], [[Isle of Wight]]
* {{flagicon|UK}} Mountbatten Building, [[Heriot Watt University]], [[Edinburgh]]
* {{flagicon|Singapore}} [[Mountbatten MRT station]], [[Singapore]]

===Events===
* Mountbatten Festival of Music
* [[Cambridge University Heraldic and Genealogical Society#The Mountbatten Commemorative Lecture|Mountbatten Commemorative Lecture]]

===Geographic locations===
* {{flagicon|Singapore}} [[Mountbatten, Singapore|Mountbatten]], Singapore
* {{flagicon|Canada}} Mountbatten Avenue, [[Ottawa]], Canada

===Organizations===
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mountbatten Institute]], [[New York City]], USA

===Miscellaneous===
* [[Mountbatten Brailler]]
* [[Mountbatten pink]]
* ''Rosa'' 'Mountbatten'

==See also==
* [[Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]
* [[List of titles and honours of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
* [[List of titles and honours of Charles III]]

==References and notes==
===References===
{{reflist}}

===Notes===
{{reflist|group=n}}

[[Category:Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma]]
[[Category:Lists of titles by person of the United Kingdom|Mountbatten]]
[[Category:Lists of things named after people]]

Tabernacle (software)

2023-07-19T12:26:34Z

Rohitltd:

{{other uses|Tabernacle (disambiguation)}}
{{short description|Cloud computing service}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox software
| name = Tabernacle
| title = Tabernacle
| logo = Logo of Tabernacle.png
| logo size = 120px
| screenshot =
| screenshot size =
| caption =
| collapsible = no
| developer = Tabernacle Technologies Pvt Ltd.
| released = {{Start date and age|2022|03|31|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/tabernacle-launches-website/|title=Tabernacle launches website|website=[[Eastern Mirror]]|access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref>
| ver layout = stacked
| repo =
| programming language =
| operating system = [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]], [[Web app|Web platform]]
| language count = 1
| language footnote =
| language = English
| genre = [[Cloud computing]]
| license =
| platform = [[Cross-platform software|Cross-platform]]
| website = {{URL|https://tabernacle.app/}}
}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Tabernacle Technologies Pvt Ltd.
| logo =
| location = [[Kohima]], [[Nagaland]], India
| founder = {{Unbulleted list|Atoba Longkümer|Vituonuo Suohu}}
| CEO =
| industry = [[Software]]
| url = {{URL|https://tabernacle.app/}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2022|3}}
| area_served = Worldwide
| num_employees = 6
}}
'''Tabernacle''' is a [[cloud computing]] service offered by Tabernacle Technologies Pvt Ltd.  providing network, applications and services for [[Church (congregation)|churches]] and [[Christian ministry|ministries]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://morungexpress.com/tabernacle-tech-unveils-enhanced-version-of-church-management-software|title=Tabernacle Tech unveils enhanced version of church management software|website=[[The Morung Express]]|access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref>

It is first [[Software as a service|SaaS]] technology company from the [[India|Indian state]] of [[Nagaland]]. Tabernacle provides Integrated Cloud-based Software and a mobile app for churches.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jamir|first=Sashimeren|url=https://nokinketer.com/2022/04/01/tabernacle-nagalands-1st-saas-company-launches-website/|title=“Tabernacle”, Nagaland’s 1st SaaS Company launches website|website=The Nokinketer|access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mokokchungtimes.com/tag/tabernacle-technologies/|title=Tabernacle Tech unveils enhanced version of Church Management Software with new features|website=Mokokchung Times|access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
===Official sites===
* [https://tabernacle.app/ Official website]
* {{Instagram|tabernacle.app}}
{{Cloud computing}}

[[Category:Cloud computing providers]]
[[Category:Cloud computing]]
[[Category:Cloud infrastructure]]
[[Category:Cloud platforms]]
[[Category:Cloud storage]]
[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 2023]]

Subhash Poonia

2023-07-13T12:13:24Z

Rohitltd: Published a valuable reference.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Subhash Poonia
| office = Member of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Surajgarh Assembly constituency|Surajgarh]]
| country = India
| successor =
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|09|28|df=yes}}
| citizenship = [[India]]
| parents = Lokram Poonia (father)
| alma_mater =
| termstart = 2018
| termend =
| education =
| district =
| spouse =
| image =
| caption =
| predecessor = [[Santosh Ahlawat]]
}}
'''Subhash Poonia''' (born 28 September 1958) is an Indian politician.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subhash poonia MLA Surajgarh |url=https://entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/surajgarh-assembly-constituency-rajasthan-mla-election-voters-political-leaders-parties-candidates-and-political-fact-sheet/}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] and has been elected to the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from [[Surajgarh Assembly constituency|Surajgarh constituency]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subhash Poonia S/o Lokram Poonia(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SURAJGARH(JHUNJHUNU) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/rajasthan2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=3398 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Subhash Poonia-सुभाष पूनिया Bjp Candidate Surajgarh Election Result 2018 |url=https://www.amarujala.com/election/vidhan-sabha-elections/rajasthan/candidates/subhash-poonia-s-o-lokram-poonia-bjp-2018-surajgarh-26 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan Legislative Assembly |url=https://assembly.rajasthan.gov.in/MemberContacts.aspx |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=assembly.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Poonia, Subhash}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2018–2023]]

{{Rajasthan-BJP-politician-stub}}

Shenoys Theatre

2023-07-13T07:26:38Z

Rohitltd:

{{Short description|Multiplex cinema hall in Kochi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox theatre
| name = Shenoys Theatre
| image = Shenoy's cinema theatre - ernakulam.JPG
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Shenoys Theatre in 2011
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_caption=
| address = [[Mahatma Gandhi Road (Kochi)|Mahatma Gandhi Road]],
| city = [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]],
| country = [[India]]
| designation =
| coordinates =
| architect = Govinda Rao (old building) Tony Joseph (new building)
| owner = Shenoys family
| tenant =
| operator =
| capacity =
| type = Multiplex
| opened = 1969
| reopened = February 2021
| yearsactive = 1969–2015 2021–present
| rebuilt = 2021
| closed = 2015 (for renovation)
| demolished =
| othernames = Shenoys Cinema
| production =
| currentuse =
| website =
}}

'''Shenoys Theatre''' is a five-screen [[Multiplex (movie theater)|multiplex cinema hall]] in the [[South India|South Indian]] city [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]]. Located in the [[Mahatma Gandhi Road (Kochi)|Mahatma Gandhi Road]], it was opened in 1969 as a single-screen theatre. Until its temporary closure in 2015 for the renovation works, it was billed as one of the largest single-screen theatres in Kerala with a seating capacity for 1250 people. It was reopened in 2021 as a multiplex. Shenoys was the second cinema in Asia to have the Vistarama projection. Known for its circular structure, it is considered a heritage landmark building in Kochi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kochi: Shenoys theatre reopens after major renovation |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/shenoys-theatre-reopens-after-major-renovation/articleshow/80886099.cms |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==History==
In 1944, ''Lakhsmanan Shenoy'' built the Lakshman Theatre in Kochi, followed by the ''Padma Theatre'' in 1946. After constructing ''Sridhar Theatre'' in Kochi in 1964, the Shenoy family became known as ''Kochi's theatre family''. Foreigners who came to Sridhar Theatre to watch [[Cinema of the United States|English movies]] gave a new concept of ''Vistarama screen'' to the Shenoys family. This led to the construction of Shenoys Theatre, the flagship project of eponymous family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shenoys returns after intermission |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2021/feb/11/shenoys-returns-after-intermission-2262273.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> The screen was 80 feet long and 30 feet wide. Instead of a flat screen, Shenoy's had a curved inward screen for about 18 feet. Govinda Rao from Chennai was the architect of the theatre, who built the building in accordance with the curved screen of the theatre. The theater also had a six-track stereophonic sound system. It was opened in 1969 by the [[President of India]] [[V. V. Giri|V.V Giri]]. The American film [[Winning (film)|Winning]] starring was the first movie screened at Shenoys.<ref>{{Cite web |title=സിനിമാലോകത്തെ ഷേണായിമാർ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/features/shenoys-theatre-ernakulam-history-padma-kavitha-lakshmana-1.5397512 |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

In 2015, the theatre was closed for reconstructing it into a multiplex. It underwent extensive renovation lasting over four-five years and was transformed with five multiplex screens, by preserving its monumental circular structure built in the art deco style. Shenoys Theatre was reopened in February 2021 with the screening of [[Operation Java]], [[Saajan Bakery Since 1962]], and [[Yuvam]]. The new multiplex has five multiplex screens, including a screen with exclusive recliner seating.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ലേഖകൻ |first=മാധ്യമം |title=When Shenoy's come back |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/entertainment/movie-news/new-shenoys-theatre-opens-tomorrow-765883 |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Madhyamam |language=ml}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Kokers Theatre]]
*[[Apsara Theatre]]
*[[Padma Theatre]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Cinemas in Kochi]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kochi]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Janapadas

2022-12-10T20:38:32Z

Rohitltd: Constructed a fresh page format.

#REDIRECT [[Janapada]]