https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=RoexpertindiaBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-05T10:49:05ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palakkad_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=523822Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency2026-05-06T19:35:54Z<p>Roexpertindia: Put up first page w/ infobox</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Kerala, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| type = LS<br />
|name = Palakkad <Br>{{Small|KL-9}}<br />
|map_image = Palakkad Lok Sabha Constituency.jpg<br />
|map_caption = Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency<br />
|established = 1957<br />
|reservation = None<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}<br />
| incumbent_image = <br />
|mp = [[V. K. Sreekandan]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]<br />
|state = [[Kerala]]<br />
|assembly_cons = [[Pattambi (State Assembly constituency)|Pattambi]]<br> [[Shornur (State Assembly constituency)|Shornur]]<br> [[Ottapalam (State Assembly constituency)|Ottapalam]]<br> [[Kongad (State Assembly constituency)|Kongad]]<br>[[Mannarkkad (State Assembly constituency)|Mannarkkad]]<br> [[Malampuzha (State Assembly constituency)|Malampuzha]]<br> [[Palakkad (State Assembly constituency)|Palakkad]]<br />
|electors = 13,20,680 (2019)<br />
}}<br />
'''Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 20 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Kerala]] state in southern [[India]].<br />
<br />
==Assembly segments==<br />
Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency is composed of the following assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf<br />
|title = Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies<br />
|access-date = 2008-10-19<br />
|work = Kerala<br />
|publisher = Election Commission of India<br />
|url-status = dead<br />
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090304011026/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf<br />
|archive-date = 2009-03-04<br />
}}</ref><br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! No<br />
! Name<br />
! District<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|[[Pattambi (State Assembly constituency)|Pattambi]]<br />
| rowspan="7" |[[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]<br />
|[[Muhammed Muhsin]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|51<br />
|[[Shornur (State Assembly constituency)|Shornur]]<br />
|[[P. Mammikutty]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}<br />
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|[[Ottapalam (State Assembly constituency)|Ottapalam]]<br />
|[[K. Premkumar (politician)|K. Premkumar]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|53<br />
|[[Kongad (State Assembly constituency)|Kongad]] (SC)<br />
|[[Thulasi Teacher|K. A. Thulasi]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|54<br />
|[[Mannarkkad (State Assembly constituency)|Mannarkkad]]<br />
|[[N. Samsudheen|N. Shamsudheen]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian Union Muslim League}}<br />
|-<br />
|55<br />
|[[Malampuzha (State Assembly constituency)|Malampuzha]]<br />
|[[A. Prabhakaran]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
|{{party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
|-<br />
|56<br />
|[[Palakkad (State Assembly constituency)|Palakkad]]<br />
|[[Ramesh Pisharody]]<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Members of Parliament ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Member<br />
!colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1951-52 Indian general election|1957]]<br />
|[[Vella Eacharan]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |P. Kunhan<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<br />
|[[E. K. Nayanar]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<br />
|[[A. K. Gopalan]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<br />
|A. Sunnasahib<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |V. S. Vijayaraghavan<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br />
|[[A. Vijayaraghavan|Vijayaraghavan Alampadan]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br />
|V. S. Vijayaraghavan<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[N. N. Krishnadas]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=6|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[M. B. Rajesh]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br />
|rowspan=2|[[V. K. Sreekandan]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
{{bar box<br />
|float=right<br />
|title= Vote share of Winning candidates<br />
|titlebar=#ddd<br />
|width=300px<br />
|barwidth=275px<br />
|bars=<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2024|2024]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|40.66}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2019|2019]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|39.17}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2014|2014]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|45.36}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2009|2009]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|42.81}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2004|2004]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|45.70}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1999|1999]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|46.19}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1998|1998]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|46.99}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1996|1996]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|47.77}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|48.38}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1989|1989]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|47.42}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|51.62}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|49.86}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|49.70}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1971|1971]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|57.12}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1967|1967]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|59.14}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1962|1962]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|65.62}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1957|1957]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|25.67}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===General Election 2024 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: Palakkad<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Palakkad">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Palakkad |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S118.htm |access-date=1 August 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801162246/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S118.htm |archive-date=1 August 2024}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[V. K. Sreekandan]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=4,21,169|percentage=40.66|change={{gain}}1.49}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[A. Vijayaraghavan]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=3,45,886|percentage=33.39|change={{loss}}4.64}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=C. Krishnakumar|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=2,51,778|percentage=24.31|change={{gain}}2.87}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=8,793|percentage=0.85|change={{gain}}0.20}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=75,283|percentage=7.26|change={{gain}}6.12}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,38,946|percentage=74.16|change=}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors<br />
|reg. electors = <br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = {{gain}} 1.49<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 2019===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[V. K. Sreekandan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,99,274 |percentage=39.17 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. B. Rajesh]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,87,637 |percentage=38.03 |change=-7.33 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Krishnakumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,18,556 |percentage=21.44 |change=6.44 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=6,665 |percentage=0.65 |change=-0.59 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thulaseedharan Pallickal |party=Social Democratic Party of India |votes=5,749 |percentage=0.56 |change=-0.81 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,637 |percentage=1.14 |change=-10.43 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,19,337 |percentage=77.77 |change= 1.73 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,23,010 |change =9.45 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= -6.19 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+Assembly wise votes, 2019: Palakkad<br />
!Assembly Constituency<br />
![[V. K. Sreekandan]] (INC)<br />
![[M. B. Rajesh]] (CPI(M))<br />
!C. Krishnakumar (BJP)<br />
|-<br />
|Pattambi<br />
|'''67,644'''<br />
|50,465<br />
|20,716<br />
|-<br />
|Shornur<br />
|49,810<br />
|'''60,902'''<br />
|32,308<br />
|-<br />
|Ottapalam<br />
|54,386<br />
|'''60,846'''<br />
|35,683<br />
|-<br />
|Kongad<br />
|52,456<br />
|'''52,812'''<br />
|29,104<br />
|-<br />
|Mannarkkad<br />
|'''78,250'''<br />
|48,625<br />
|18,560<br />
|-<br />
|Malampuzha<br />
|47,743<br />
|'''69,037'''<br />
|41,413<br />
|-<br />
|Palakkad<br />
|'''48,425'''<br />
|44,086<br />
|39,963<br />
|-<br />
|'''Total votes'''<br />
|'''3,99,274'''<br />
|3,87,637<br />
|2,18,556<br />
|-<br />
|''' of votes'''<br />
|'''38.83'''<br />
|37.7<br />
|21.26<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===General Elections 2014===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. B. Rajesh]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=4,12,897 |percentage=45.36 |change=+2.54 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. P. Veerendra Kumar]] |party=Socialist Janata (Democratic) |votes=3,07,597 |percentage=33.79 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sobha Surendran]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,36,587 |percentage=15.00 |change=+6.29 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. S. Khaja Hussain |party=Social Democratic Party of India |votes=12,504 |percentage=1.37 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=11,291 |percentage=1.24 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thennilapuram Radhakrishnan |party=Welfare Party of India |votes=8,667 |percentage=0.95 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Padmanabhan |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=4,933 |percentage=0.54 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,05,300 |percentage=11.57 |change=+11.34 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,10,322 |percentage=75.33 |change= +1.84 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,08,726 |change =+12.46 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= 2.54 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 2009===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. B. Rajesh]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,38,070 |percentage=42.81 |change=-2.89 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Satheeshan Pacheni]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,36,250 |percentage=42.58 |change=8.84 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. K. Padmanabhan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=68,804 |percentage=8.71 |change=-9.29 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. R. Murali |party=Independent politician |votes=20,896 |percentage=2.65 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Razak Moulavi |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=8,111 |percentage=1.03 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satheesan. E.V |party=Independent politician |votes=5,478 |percentage=0.69 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Arokiasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=3,776 |percentage=0.48 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,820 |percentage=0.23 |change=-11.73 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,89,648 |percentage=73.48 |change= -0.27 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,74,818 |change =-3.44 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= -2.89 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 2004===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[N. N. Krishnadas]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,75,144 |percentage=45.70 |change=-0.49 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. S. Vijayaraghavan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,76,986 |percentage=33.74 |change=-8.63 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Udai Bhasker |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,47,792 |percentage=18.00 |change=7.10 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishnadas |party=Independent politician |votes=7,637 |percentage=0.93 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Subramanian |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=5,021 |percentage=0.61 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Kuttikrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=5,006 |percentage=0.61 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=98,158 |percentage=11.96 |change=8.14 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,20,856 |percentage=73.78 |change= 1.69 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,13,144 |change =-1.70 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= -0.49 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1999===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[N. N. Krishnadas]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,72,536 |percentage=46.19 |change=-0.80 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. T. Padma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,41,769 |percentage=42.37 |change=-1.21 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Uday Bhaskar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=87,948 |percentage=10.90 |change=2.56 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=30,767 |percentage=3.81 |change=0.42 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,06,543 |percentage=72.05 |change= 2.58 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,32,416 |change =5.20 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= -1.58 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1998===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[N. N. Krishnadas]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,45,963 |percentage=46.99 |change=-0.78 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. S. Vijayaraghavan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,20,941 |percentage=43.59 |change=-0.92 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prof. T. C. Govindan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=61,419 |percentage=8.34 |change=3.16 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=U. C. Kunjan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,916 |percentage=0.53 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,022 |percentage=3.40 |change=0.14 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,36,292 |percentage=69.19 |change= -0.28 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,76,444 |change =1.35 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= -0.78 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1996===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[N. N. Krishnadas]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,43,264 |percentage=47.77 |change=1.67 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. S. Vijayaraghavan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,19,841 |percentage=44.51 |change=-3.87 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. V. Sukumaran |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=37,221 |percentage=5.18 |change=0.66 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Sethumadhavan |party=Janata Party |votes=3,289 |percentage=0.46 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Krishna Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=3,274 |percentage=0.46 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,423 |percentage=3.26 |change=0.98 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,18,544 |percentage=69.47 |change= -2.09 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,62,083 |change =8.13 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.61 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1991===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=V. S. Vijayaraghavan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,34,913 |percentage=48.38 |change=1.14 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Vijayaraghavan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,19,145 |percentage=46.10 |change=-1.32 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rema S. Menon |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=31,323 |percentage=4.52 |change=0.82 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sivanarayanan |party=Janata Party |votes=4,146 |percentage=0.60 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,768 |percentage=2.28 |change=2.10 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,92,292 |percentage=71.56 |change= -5.89 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,82,228 |change =2.55 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= 0.96 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1989===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[A. Vijayaraghavan]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,48,401 |percentage=47.42 |change=2.65 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. S. Vijayaraghavan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,47,115 |percentage=47.24 |change=-4.38 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Chandrasekharan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=27,220 |percentage=3.70 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,286 |percentage=0.18 |change=-6.68 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,34,778 |percentage=77.45 |change= 0.36 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,57,847 |change =30.93 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -4.21 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1984===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=V. S. Vijayaraghavan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,87,170 |percentage=51.62 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. Sivadasa Menon]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,49,017 |percentage=44.76 |change=-2.15 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rohana Jayaram |party=Independent politician |votes=11,092 |percentage=1.99 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=38,153 |percentage=6.86 |change=3.91 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,56,296 |percentage=77.09 |change= 18.13 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,31,568 |change =3.74 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= 1.76 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1980===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=V. S. Vijayaraghavan |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=2,04,355 |percentage=49.86 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. Sivadasa Menon]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,92,267 |percentage=46.91 |change=0.77 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. P. R. Gopalan |party=Independent politician |votes=6,818 |percentage=1.66 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Veluthira |party=Independent politician |votes=3,328 |percentage=0.81 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Aravindakhshan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,096 |percentage=0.76 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,088 |percentage=2.95 |change=-0.61 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,09,864 |percentage=58.95 |change= -15.68 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,05,179 |change =19.67 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (I) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 0.15 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1977===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Sunnasahib |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,07,604 |percentage=49.70 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. Sivadasa Menon]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,92,733 |percentage=46.14 |change=-10.98 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Cherapadam Sivarama Krishna Iyer |party=Independent politician |votes=17,341 |percentage=4.15 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,871 |percentage=3.56 |change=-12.06 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,17,678 |percentage=74.63 |change= 14.18 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,89,253 |change =4.31 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= -7.42 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1971===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=A. K. Gopalan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,91,089 |percentage=57.12 |change=-2.02 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. C. Govindan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,38,823 |percentage=41.50 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. P. Purshothaman |party=Independent politician |votes=4,601 |percentage=1.38 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=52,266 |percentage=15.62 |change=-9.55 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,34,513 |percentage=60.45 |change= -0.83 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,64,890 |change =21.27 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= -2.02 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1967===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[E. K. Nayanar]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,58,230 |percentage=59.14 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. S. Devan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=90,872 |percentage=33.97 |change=4.39 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. T. Kochuvarkey |party=Independent politician |votes=18,436 |percentage=6.89 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=67,358 |percentage=25.18 |change=-10.87 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,67,538 |percentage=61.28 |change= 10.73 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,65,825 |change =11.54 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= -6.47 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1962===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Indian general election]]: Palakkad<ref>{{cite web |title=1962 India General (3rd Lok Sabha) Elections Results |url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1962-election-results.html |website=www.elections.in |access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kunhan Patinjara Veetilpadi |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,31,688 |percentage=65.62 |change=39.94 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Eacharan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=59,353 |percentage=29.57 |change=9.09 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Krishnankutty |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=9,650 |percentage=4.81 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=72,335 |percentage=36.04 |change=30.86 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,00,691 |percentage=50.55 |change= -57.31 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,17,640 |change =-50.54 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= 39.94 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General Elections 1957===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Indian general election]]: Palakkad}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kunhan Patinjara Veetilpadi |party=Communist Party of India |votes=2,33,807 |percentage=25.67 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Eacharan V. Iyyani |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,86,594 |percentage=20.49 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Damodaran |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,85,662 |percentage=20.39 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Vasu Menon |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,42,053 |percentage=15.60 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chadayan Muniyadan |party=Independent politician |votes=91,922 |percentage=10.09 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Muhamad Ismail |party=Independent politician |votes=70,691 |percentage=7.76 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=47,213 |percentage=5.18 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,10,729 |percentage=107.86 |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,44,346 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Palghat]]<br />
* [[Malappuram district]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br />
* [[Indian general election, 2014 (Kerala)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [[Election Commission of India]]: https://web.archive.org/web/20081218010942/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp<br />
<br />
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Kerala}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|10.8|76.7|display=title}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Palakkad (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Palakkad district]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nipun_Dharmadhikari&diff=522118Nipun Dharmadhikari2026-05-04T20:05:28Z<p>Roexpertindia: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian director, writer and actor}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Nipun Dharmadhikari<br />
| birth_name = Nipun Avinash Dharmadhikari<br />
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1987}}<br />
| alma_mater = [[Brihan Maharashtra College of Commerce]], Pune<br />
| occupation = {{hlist| actor| writer| director}}<br />
| years_active = 2003 - present<br />
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Dhappa]]''|''[[Amar Photo Studio]]''|''Casting Couch With Amey & Nipun''|''[[Mismatched]]''|''[[Me Vasantrao]]''}}<br />
| awards = [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration]] (2018)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Nipun Avinash Dharmadhikari'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/mhorkya-kaccha-limbu-and-dhappa-win-national-awards/articleshow/63745179.cms|title=Mhorkya, Kaccha Limbu and Dhappa win National Awards - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=13 April 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref> (born in 1987) is a Marathi writer, actor, and director.<ref name="national award">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/pune-talent-scores-big-at-65th-national-awards/story-P3LhzVG1pQQFvLk35GUsjK.html|title=Pune talent scores big at 65th National Awards|date=14 April 2018|access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="dhappa award">{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/903224/a-childs-perspective-but-not-a-childrens-film-nipun-dharmadhikari-on-his-award-winning-dhappa|title=A child's perspective, but not a children's film: Nipun Dharmadhikari on his award-winning 'Dhappa'|last=Das|first=Arti|website=Scroll.in|date=24 November 2018 |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> He is known for the revival of Sangeet Natak (Musicals) and long five act plays.<ref name="next marathi film">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/nipun-gears-up-for-next-marathi-film/articleshow/59142319.cms|title=Nipun Dharmadhikari's gears up for his next Marathi film|website=The Times of India|date=14 June 2017 |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and personal life ==<br />
Dharmadhikari's early education was in a convent school. He started learning classical music when he was 8.<ref name="loksatta natak">{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/vishesha-news/nipun-dharmadhikari-1224301/|title=मंत्र यशाचा : संगीत नाटकही प्रायोगिक नाटकच|date=14 March 2019|access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> His first contact with arts came when he did an impromptu performance of the Marathi play, ''Varhad Nighalay London La'' in front of his class, in school. The teachers found out and he then began performing for annual days and other public events.<ref name="heroes">{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune-talking-/hero-of-the-day/pune-heroes-nipun-dharmadhikari/amp_articleshow/59886188.cms|title=heroes: Pune Heroes: Nipun Dharmadhikari|date=3 August 2017|first=Mrunmayi|last=Ainapure| website=Pune Mirror|access-date=16 May 2019}}</ref> He was a student of [[Brihan Maharashtra College of Commerce]], where he was studying to become a chartered accountant.<ref name="national award"/><ref name="IndiaToday2010">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20100215-the-stage-is-set-741967-2010-02-04|title=The stage is set|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-06-11|date=Feb 14, 2010}}</ref> In 2003, Dharmadhikari started acting in plays for ''[[Purushottam Karandak]]'', Pune's intercollegiate theatre competition.<ref name="forbes india">{{Cite web|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/30-under-30/nipun-dharmadhikari-the-theatre-revivalist/39553/1|title=Nipun Dharmadhikari: The theatre revivalist|website=Forbes India|access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> He has also participated in ''Zee Karandak''.<ref name="IndiaToday2010"/><br />
<br />
He is married to singer Sanhita Chandorkar.<br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
He started [[Natak Company]] along with [[Amey Wagh]], [[Parna Pethe]] and few students from Brihan Maharashtra College of Commerce and Fergusson college in 2008, which produces Marathi plays.<ref name="next marathi film"/> His maiden venture was the play ''Cycle'', where he directed [[Amey Wagh]].<ref name="amar photo" >{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Amar-Photo-Studio-Pune/articleshow/53654719.cms|title=This 'photo studio' will capture a different perspective|website=The Times of India|date=12 August 2016 |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> In 2009, he was seen in the Marathi film, ''[[Harishchandrachi Factory]]''.<ref name="factory"/> He went on to direct two plays, the first one being ''Lose Control'', which dealt with sexual fantasies of three teenagers;<ref name="forbes india" /> while the second one was ''Never Mind'', starring [[Spruha Joshi]].<ref name="loksatta natak"/> In 2013, Dharmadhikari also wrote for the Hindi romantic comedy-drama film, ''[[Nautanki Saala!]]''.<ref name="dhappa award"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pukaarmagazine.co.uk/film-review-nautanki-saala/|title=Film review: Nautanki Saala!|date=2013-04-13|website=Pukaar Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-22}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2015, Dharmadhikari was also featured in Forbes India's 30 under 30 list.<ref name="forbes india" /> In the same year, he was also seen in ''[[Highway (2015 film)|Highway]]'', where he was seen playing a football fan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/highway-review-umesh-and-girish-kulkarnis-latest-is-a-triumph-for-marathi-cinema-and-ftii-2411824.html|title=Highway review: Umesh and Girish Kulkarni's latest is a triumph for Marathi cinema and FTII|date=2015-08-28|website=Firstpost|language=en|access-date=2019-06-22}}</ref> He was again featured on Forbes Asia's 30 under 30 list in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30-asia-2016/the-arts/|title=30 Under 30 2016 Asia: The Arts|website=Forbes|access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> He hosts the satirical talk show ''Casting Couch with Amey & Nipun'' on the YouTube channel, ''[[Bharatiya Digital Party]]'', which started the same year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/casting-couch-amey-nipun-imtiaz-ali/articleshow/57495709.cms|title=What's brewing between Mrinmayee Godbole, Parna Petha and Imtiaz Ali?|website=The Times of India|date=6 March 2017 |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-pl-deshpande-to-bhadipa-bridging-laughs-2723023|title=PL Deshpande to BhaDiPa: Bridging laughs|date=23 February 2019|website=DNA India|access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> He made his marathi movie directorial debut through ''Baapjanma''(2017).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/film-baapjanma/articleshow/60875452.cms|title=FILM: BAAPJANMA|last=Matkari|first=Ganesh|website=Pune Mirror|language=en|access-date=2019-06-27}}</ref> He also went on to direct the national award winning film, ''[[Dhappa]]''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dhappa Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Dhappa by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/dhappa/movie-review/67789888.cms|access-date=2019-06-27}}</ref> He was the guest of honour at ''Vinodottam Karandak'' in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/satire-galore-at-vinodottam-this-year-/articleshow/60935606.cms|title=Satire galore at Vinodottam this year.|website=The Times of India|date=4 October 2017 |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> He has also directed award winning plays like ''Sharam Gayi Toh, 36'' and ''Dalan''.<ref name="IndiaToday2010"/> In 2022, he directed the Marathi play ''Adlay Ka…?'', starring [[Parna Pethe]] and Atul Pethe, based on the original work ''Die Besetzung'' (The Occupation) by Swiss writer [[Charles Lewinsky]] and translated by Shaunak Chandorkar.<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===Films===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Reference<br />
|-<br />
|2009 || ''[[Harishchandrachi Factory]]'' || Actor || [[Marathi language|Marathi]] || <ref name="factory">{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/relative-value-act-ten/articleshow/64525697.cms|title=Relative value: Act ten|last=Unnithan|first=Vidya|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en|access-date=2019-06-22}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2013 ||''[[Nautanki Saala!]]'' || Writer || [[Hindi]] || <ref name="dhappa award"/><br />
|-<br />
|2015 ||''[[Highway (2015 film)|Highway]]'' ||Actor || rowspan="3" | Marathi ||<br />
|-<br />
|2017 ||''[[Baapjanma]]'' || rowspan="2" |Writer/ Director ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2018 ||''[[Dhappa]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Karwaan]]'' ||Actor || Hindi ||<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
| ''[[Me Vasantrao]]''<br />
||Writer/ Director || rowspan="2" | Marathi ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" |2024<br />
|''1234''<br />
|Actor/ Writer<br />
| <ref>{{cite web |title=1234 Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} एक दोन तीन चार Movie {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/1234-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=31 May 2024 |date=1 June 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Ishq Vishk Rebound]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Director<br />
|Hindi<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishq Vishk Rebound Cast & Crew |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ishq-vishk-rebound/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=21 June 2024 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|''Baai Tujhyapayi''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Marathi<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Scroll |date=2025-10-20 |title='Baai Tujhyapayi' trailer: A teenager battles superstition to study medicine |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1087835/baai-tujhyapayi-trailer-a-teenager-battles-superstition-to-study-medicine |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2026<br />
|''[[Tighee]]''<br />
| Actor<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Shows===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" <br />
!Name !! Role !! Language !! Platform !! Reference<br />
|-<br />
|''Side Hero'' || Writer || [[Hindi]] || [[Eros Now]]||<ref name="dhappa award"/><br />
|-<br />
|''Casting Couch With Amey & Nipun'' ||Host || [[Marathi language|Marathi]] ||[[YouTube]]||<br />
|-<br />
|''Once A Year''<br />
|Arihant<br />
| Marathi<br />
|[[MX Player|MXPLAYER]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''Mismatched S1, S2, S3''<br />
|Director<br />
| Hindi<br />
|[[Netflix]]<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Plays===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Year of first show !!Name !!Role !! Reference<br />
|-<br />
|2012||''Never Mind''<br />
|rowspan=3|Director||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/Light-take-on-Romance/articleshow/31925587.cms|title=Light take on Romance|date=8 January 2012|website=Pune Mirror|access-date=18 May 2019|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110160733/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/light-take-on-romance/articleshow/31925587.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2016||''[[Amar Photo Studio]] ''||<ref name="amar photo" /><br />
|-<br />
|''Sangeet Saunshaykallol'' || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/sangeet-sanshaykallol-natak-launch-by-cm-devendra-phadnavis-1224787/|title=१०० वर्ष झाली तरी 'संगीत संशयकल्लोळ' नाटक आजही ताजे – प्रशांत दामले|date=2016-04-08|website=Loksatta|language=mr-IN|access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2017||''Stand-Up'' || Actor||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/theatre-buzz-seriously-funny-business/articleshow/60104107.cms|title=Theatre buzz: Seriously funny business!|website=The Times of India|date=17 August 2017 |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2018|| ''Once More'' <br />
| rowspan="7" | Director||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/theatre/get-ready-for-bharat-jadhavs-new-play-once-more/articleshow/64003051.cms|title=Get ready for Bharat Jadhav's new play Once More|website=The Times of India|date=2 May 2018 |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|Adlay Ka...?<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adlay Ka Marathi Natak • Info & Upcoming Shows • रंगभूमी.com |url=https://www.rangabhoomi.com/natak/adlay-ka/ |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=रंगभूमी.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2026<br />
|''[[Lagna Panchami]]''<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-05 |title=अमृता खानविलकरबरोबर 'हा' अभिनेता प्रमुख भूमिकेत दिसणार; व्हिडीओ शेअर करत केला खुलासा, 'जिवलगा' मालिकेत दिसलेले एकत्र |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/amruta-khanvilkar-and-swapnil-joshi-reunites-for-marathi-natak-lagna-panchami-shares-video-worked-together-in-popular-jeevlaga-nsp-98-5552850/ |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=4| Unknown || ''Cycle''<br />
|rowspan=3|<ref name="heroes" /><br />
|-<br />
|''Sangeet Manapman''<br />
|-<br />
|''Sangeet Saubhadra''<br />
|-<br />
|''Lose Control''||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
* Third Position at the Maharashtra State Professional Drama Competition 2017 (Direction), for ''Amar Photo Studio''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lokmat.com/maharashtra/maharashtra-state-marathi-professional-drama-competition-awards/|title=The Maharashtra State Marathi Professional Drama Competition Awards | website=www.lokmat.com|date=8 May 2017 |access-date=18 March 2019}}</ref><br />
* Best Director, Maharashtra Times Sanmaan 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/mata-sanman-maharashtra-bhushan-yashwant-dev-and-youth-icon-shivani-kulkarni/articleshow/57863854.cms|title=कॅप्टन शिवानी 'युथ आयकॉन'|date=2017-03-28|website=Maharashtra Times|language=mr|access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref><br />
* [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration]] in 2018 for ''[[Dhappa]]''.<ref name="national award"/><br />
* Best Director, Zee Natya Gaurav Puraskar 2019 for ''Once More''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeemarathi.zee5.com/zee-natya-gaurav-puraskar-2019-winners-list-soyare-sakal-kajvyancha-gaon-win-big/|title=Zee Natya Gaurav Puraskar 2019 Winners List: Soyare Sakal, Kajvyancha Gaon Win Big|date=2019-04-14|website=Zee Marathi|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|nm4147929}}<br />
*[https://www.instagram.com/nipundharmadhikari/?hl=en Nipun Dharmadhikari Instagram]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dharmadhikari, Nipun}}<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Pune]]<br />
[[Category:Screenwriters from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi actors]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi film directors]]<br />
[[Category:1988 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi theatre]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pelli_Pustakam_(1991_film)&diff=525094Pelli Pustakam (1991 film)2026-04-30T20:54:40Z<p>Roexpertindia: Put up initial info from scratch</p>
<hr />
<div>{{About||the 2013 film|Pelli Pustakam (2013 film)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Pelli Pustakam<br />
| image = Pelli Pustakam (1991 film).jpg<br />
| caption = Theateral release poster<br />
| director = [[Bapu (director)|Bapu]]<br />
| screenplay = [[Mullapudi Venkata Ramana]]<br />
| story = [[Raavi Kondala Rao]]<br />
| based_on = <br />
| producer = Mullapudi Venkata Ramana<br />
| starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]]<br />Divyavani<br />
| narrator = <br />
| cinematography = P. R. K. Raju<br />
| editing = [[Anil Malnad]]<br />
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]<br />
| studio = Sri Seetarama Films<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{film date|df=y|1991|4|1}}<br />
| runtime = 144 mins<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Pelli Pustakam''''' ({{translation|''The Marriage Book''}}) is a 1991 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by [[Bapu (director)|Bapu]]. The film was produced and co-written by [[Mullapudi Venkata Ramana]]. It stars [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] and Divyavani with music composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]]. The film won three [[Nandi Awards]], and was premiered in Indian Panorama section at the [[International Film Festival of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cff-hyd.in/news1.html |title=ICFFI<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=4 September 2012 |archive-date=8 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108071144/http://cff-hyd.in/news1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.southmp3.org/2009/09/pelli-pustakam-1991.html Pelli Pustakam (1991) | South Mp3 (Old to New) – Telugu, Hindi, Tamil, Songs, News & More<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
The film begins with a matchmaking of a pair, K. Krishna Murthy / KK & Satyabhama / Bhama, who perfectly understand their hardships and responsibilities in their private talks. Bhama has to pay her mother's debt dowry amount {{INRConvert|20000}} to her vicious brother-in-law; if not, he threatens to slay his wife. KK is responsible for his sister's nuptials. KK tactically knits Bhama without dowry here because of his endearment to her. The marriage takes place grandly, proclaiming its eminence. Due to hard luck, KK's job as an art director at [[Bombay]] & Bhama is a stenographer at [[Kochin]], they tolerate separation for their obligations. Besides, Sridhar Rao, a tycoon, established a textile company where the two spotted occupations had high salaries. The delightful couple advances, but unfortunately, Sridhar Rao announces that he will provide the job only to one family member. So, KK & Bhama decide to get back when they learn that KK's sibling is terminally ill and will have surgery soon, which requires {{INRConvert|20000}}. To deal with their challenges, KK & Bhama gain posts at Sridhar Rao with a phony story that KK is a bachelor and Bhama is the only breadwinner of her family whose husband is paralyzed. <br />
<br />
Sridhar Rao leads a happy life with his wife & daughter Vasundhara / Vasu, a naughty girl. He delegates business charges to Vasu, where she acquits with KK and appreciates his charm & frankness. This forces Bhama to envy & lament at home, which KK consoles, affirming as part of his profession. Sridhar Rao's amoral brother-in-law, Giri, lusts for Bhama’s body and vexes her, which grudges KK. On Bhama's birthday, KK promises to gift a saree he designed, which Vasu snatches. Like this, KK & Vasu intimacy hikes ignite Bhama. Once, the whole staff proceeds to picnic, where they sing, laugh, & dance. Then, Giri intrigues by appointing Bhama as Vasu's dance teacher and accommodates her in their outhouse. Following this, Vasu forwards to KK to learn art on weekends when the couple plays the juggles. Bhama, currently known via their Manager, said that the elders fixed Vasu's alliance with her cousin Seshu, who is not ready to return from abroad. If so, KK can knit Vasu. Indeed, Vasu pretends to be fascinated by KK for retrieving Seshu, and KK also plays a game to ensure job security.<br />
<br />
Unbeknownst to it, Bhama's anger turns into suspicion. At a time, Giri takes Bhama's snaps and orders KK to design through them, which he adamantly rejects. Thus, furious Giri hurts him when Bhama cannot stand up and attends to him weeping. Here, Giri suspects something fishy and blackmails Bhama to fulfill his urge. Eventually, Seshu lands, which relaxes KK, and they all move to a [[Christmas]] party. The same night, Bhama trickily calls Giri and red-handedly embodies him before Sridhar Rao's wife. Yet, she fails in resilience and walks out to home. Therein, she views KK & Vasu driving back from the midnight party and their intense tightness. Hence, Bhama misconstrues that her husband is betraying her, makes a big fuss, and declares to break their secret by tomorrow. The next day, KK humbly pleads with Bhama to hold her since it is the 60th anniversary, i.e., "Sashtipurthi," of the Sridhar Rao couple, and they bestow a bonus. He convinces her that money is essential to both immediately and forges a soap actor, Krishnaji, as her husband. On the eve, the Sridhar Rao's couple explains the dignity of the marriage while a transformation occurs in Bhama. She also hears Seshu & Vasu's conversation, comprehends KK's virtue, and rushes remorsefully. KK slides her, and while receiving the presents after the ritual, Bhama outbursts as if unable to feel the agony. Whereat, KK catches & comforts Bhama, proclaiming he had done this to purify her heart and there would be no more obstacles between them. At last, the two seek forgiveness from Sridhar Rao, who compensates with {{INRConvert|100000}} accepting it is his error. Finally, the movie ends happily with KK & Bhama continuing their martial life.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as K. Krishna Murthy / KK<br />
* Divyavani as Satyabhama / Bhama<br />
* Sindhuja as Vasundhara / Vasu<br />
* [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] as Sridhar Rao<br />
* [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as Giri Babu<br />
* [[Sakshi Ranga Rao]] as KK's father<br />
* [[Raavi Kondala Rao]] as Babai<br />
* [[Ananth Babu|Ananth]] as Co-Employee<br />
* [[Ashok Kumar (Telugu actor)|Ashok Kumar]] as Keemoji / Krishnaji<br />
* [[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]]<br />
* [[Radha Kumari]] as Bhama's mother<br />
* Jhansi as Vasundhara's mother<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
This film has a resemblance to the 1955 classic film ''[[Missamma]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Narasimham |first1=M. L. |date=16 October 2014 |title=Blast from the past: Missamma (1955) - The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-missamma-1955/article6505603.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Pelli Pustakam<br />
| type = film<br />
| artist = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 1991<br />
| recorded =<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = Soundtrack<br />
| length = 32:10<br />
| label = AKASH Audio<br />
| producer = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]<br />
| prev_title = [[Assembly Rowdy]]<br />
| prev_year = 1991<br />
| next_title = [[Swathi Kiranam]]<br />
| next_year = 1992<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]]. Lyrics were written by [[Arudra]], except for the traditional Carnatic compositions Krishnam Kalaya Sakhi and Jagadanandakaraka, by Sri [[Narayana Teertha]] and [[Tyagaraja]] respectively. Music released on AKASH Audio Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://play.raaga.com/telugu/album/pelli-pusthakam-a0000038 |title=Pelli Pustakam (Songs) |work=Raaga}}</ref><br />
{{Track listing<br />
| collapsed =<br />
| headline =<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 32:10<br />
| all_writing =<br />
| all_lyrics =<br />
| all_music =<br />
| writing_credits =<br />
| lyrics_credits = <br />
| music_credits =<br />
<br />
| title1 = Srirastu Subhamastu <br />
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]<br />
| length1 = 3:58<br />
<br />
| title2 = Ammakutti Ammakutti<br />
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela<br />
| length2 = 4:06<br />
<br />
| title3 = Krishnam Kalayasakhi <br />
| extra3 = [[S. P. Sailaja]], Rajeshwari<br />
| length3 = 3:34<br />
<br />
| title4 = Sarikotta Cheera<br />
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br />
| length4 = 4:50<br />
<br />
| title5 = Aayi Aayi Srirangasayi<br />
| extra5 = [[P. Susheela]]<br />
| length5 = 4:06<br />
<br />
| title6 = Papapapapapa Pappu Dappalam<br />
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. P. Sailaja<br />
| length6 = 4:39<br />
<br />
| title7 = Jagadanandakaaraka<br />
| extra7 = [[Vani Jayaram]], Purnachander<br />
| length7 = 3:20<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
;[[Nandi Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref><br />
*[[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Second Best Feature Film - Silver]] - [[Mullapudi Venkata Ramana]]<br />
*[[Nandi Award for Best Dialogue Writer|Best Dialogue Writer]] - Mullapudi Venkata Ramana<br />
*[[Nandi Award for Best Story Writer|Best Story Writer]] - [[Raavi Kondala Rao]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0155953}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160328144904/http://idlebrain.com/nosta/pellipustakam.html ''Idlebrain'' review]<br />
{{Bapu (film director)}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1991 films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian feminist films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films about women in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films about social realism]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Mullapudi Venkata Ramana]]<br />
[[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Bapu]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]<br />
[[Category:1991 Telugu-language films]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adhik_Ravichandran&diff=484573Adhik Ravichandran2026-04-29T03:54:38Z<p>Roexpertindia: made new pg - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian film director, screenwriter, actor, playback singer}}<br />
{{Indian name|Adhik|Ravichandran}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Adhik Ravichandran<br />
| image = <br />
| alt = Adhik Ravichandran<br />
| occupation = {{Hlist|Film director|screenwriter|actor|playback singer}}<br />
| years_active = 2015{{En dash}}present<br />
| notable_works = <br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Aishwarya Prabhu|2023}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Adhik Ravichandran''' ({{IPAc-en|ɑː|ð|ɪ|k}}) is an Indian film director, screenwriter, actor and playback singer who works in [[Tamil cinema]]. He made his directorial debut with the successful comedy ''[[Trisha Illana Nayanthara]]'' (2015). Following a setback with two consecutive failures, his career revitalised with ''[[Mark Antony (2023 film)|Mark Antony]]'' (2023), which grossed {{INRConvert|100|c}} at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 October 2023 |title='Mark Antony' producer gifts director Adhik Ravichandran a brand new luxury car over the film's success! |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mark-antony-producer-gifts-director-adhik-ravichandran-a-brand-new-luxury-car-over-the-films-success/articleshow/104847108.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=1 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201204647/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mark-antony-producer-gifts-director-adhik-ravichandran-a-brand-new-luxury-car-over-the-films-success/articleshow/104847108.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Adhik was born on 17 January.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 2020 |title=Adhik Ravichandran celebrates birthday on the sets of Bagheera |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/adhik-ravichandran-celebrates-birthday-on-the-sets-of-bagheera/articleshow/78173684.cms |url-status=live |access-date=4 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711075417/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/adhik-ravichandran-celebrates-birthday-on-the-sets-of-bagheera/articleshow/78173684.cms |archive-date=11 July 2021}}</ref> He is the son of Ravichandran "Ravi" Kandaswamy,<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2015 |title=G.V. Prakash a jilted lover in ‘Trisha Illana Nayanthara’ |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/gv-prakash-a-jilted-lover-in-trisha-illana-nayanthara-1.1583960 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201051706/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/gv-prakash-a-jilted-lover-in-trisha-illana-nayanthara-1.1583960 |archive-date=1 December 2024 |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=[[Gulf News]] |language=en}}</ref> who has worked as an assistant director for nearly two decades, but has not made his directorial debut. Because of Ravi's struggles in the film industry, Adhik's mother forbade Adhik from pursuing that as his career, though he still remained passionate. Adhik aspired to study visual communication in college, but instead took up engineering in Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute University to appease his mother, though he began writing scripts from the first semester to the final.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
After graduating college, Adhik trained as an assistant director under [[Major Ravi]] before making his directorial debut with ''[[Trisha Illana Nayanthara]]'' (2015). The film was a major success.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=8 August 2015 |title='There's an S.J. Surya in all of us' |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/adhik-ravi-on-trisha-illana-nayanthara/article7516285.ece |url-status=live |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628012402/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/adhik-ravi-on-trisha-illana-nayanthara/article7516285.ece |archive-date=28 June 2021}}</ref> However, his next film ''[[Anbanavan Asaradhavan Adangadhavan]]'' (2017) was a [[box-office bomb]], and he accused the lead actor, [[Silambarasan]], of interfering creatively and causing problems during production. As a result, a proposed sequel was shelved.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2017 |title='AAA' director and producer blame Simbu for film's failure, warn other producers |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/aaa-director-and-producer-blame-simbu-films-failure-warn-other-producers-72493 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026143204/https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/aaa-director-and-producer-blame-simbu-films-failure-warn-other-producers-72493 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> He later wrote the dialogues for the Tamil-dubbed version of the Hindi film ''[[Dabangg 3]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |last=சனா |date=24 December 2019 |title=நான் ஒழுக்கமா இருக்கக் காரணமே அஜித் சார்தான்; ஏன்னா?! - ஆதிக் ரவிசந்திரன் |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/director-adhik-ravichandran-talks-about-dabangg-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214061043/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/director-adhik-ravichandran-talks-about-dabangg-3 |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=14 December 2023 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Adhik's third film as director, [[Bagheera (2023 film)|''Bagheera'']] (2023), did not succeed commercially and was criticised for relying on misogynistic tropes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 March 2023 |title=Prabhu Deva's 'Bagheera' to stream on OTT from March 31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prabhu-devas-bagheera-to-stream-on-ott-from-march-31/articleshow/99119333.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101071651/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prabhu-devas-bagheera-to-stream-on-ott-from-march-31/articleshow/99119333.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=1 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-26 |title=The ‘boy bestie’ trope: A tool to infantilise women and deny them agency |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/the-boy-bestie-trope-a-tool-to-infantilise-women-and-deny-them-agency |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415025707/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/the-boy-bestie-trope-a-tool-to-infantilise-women-and-deny-them-agency |archive-date=15 April 2025 |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}</ref> However, [[Mark Antony (2023 film)|''Mark Antony'']], which released later the same year, hugely revitalized his career as it grossed over {{INRConvert|100|c|year=2023}} at the box-office, worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2023 |title=Adhik Ravichandran: Mark Antony is my ode to retro mass masala films |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/sep/18/adhik-ravichandran-mark-antony-is-my-ode-to-retro-mass-masala-films-2615822.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101061955/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/sep/18/adhik-ravichandran-mark-antony-is-my-ode-to-retro-mass-masala-films-2615822.html |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> After ''Mark Antony'', Adhik directed ''[[Good Bad Ugly]]'' (2025), which grossed over {{INRConvert|240|c|year=2025}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-03 |title=Netflix Announces Good Bad Ugly's Official OTT Release Date |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/netflix-announces-good-bad-uglys-official-ott-release-date-1876636 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112073347/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/netflix-announces-good-bad-uglys-official-ott-release-date-1876636 |archive-date=12 November 2025 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> He is also confirmed to direct a film tentatively titled ''AK64''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavitha |date=2025-11-25 |title=AK64 Confirmed: Ajith Kumar Teams Up Again With Adhik Ravichandran |url=https://varnam.my/112122/ak64-confirmed-ajith-kumar-teams-up-again-with-adhik-ravichandran/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113121649/https://varnam.my/112122/ak64-confirmed-ajith-kumar-teams-up-again-with-adhik-ravichandran/ |archive-date=2026-01-13 |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Varnam Malaysia |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
In December 2023, Adhik married Aishwarya, daughter of actor [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2023 |title=Director Adhik Ravichandran Ties The Knot With Aishwarya Prabhu In Intimate Ceremony |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/director-adhik-ravichandran-ties-the-knot-with-aishwarya-prabhu-in-intimate-ceremony-8706246.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216164153/https://www.news18.com/movies/director-adhik-ravichandran-ties-the-knot-with-aishwarya-prabhu-in-intimate-ceremony-8706246.html |archive-date=16 December 2023 |access-date=17 December 2023 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
===As a film director ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || ''[[Trisha Illana Nayanthara]]'' || rowspan="2" |Cameo appearance<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[Anbanavan Asaradhavan Adangadhavan]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2023 || ''[[Bagheera (2023 film)|Bagheera]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
|| ''[[Mark Antony (2023 film)|Mark Antony]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2025 || ''[[Good Bad Ugly]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===As a writer===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Writer<br />
! scope="col" class=unsortable | Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || ''[[Dabangg 3]]'' || {{partial|Dialogues}} || Tamil dubbed version<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===As an actor===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Title<br />
! scope="col" | Role<br />
! scope="col" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class=unsortable | {{refh}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2019 || '' [[K-13 (film)|K-13]]'' || Vijay || || <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2019 |title=Director Adhik to play a cameo in Arulnithi's K-13 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jan/09/director-adhik-to-play-a-cameo-in-arulnithis-k-13-9564.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184944/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jan/09/director-adhik-to-play-a-cameo-in-arulnithis-k-13-9564.html |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=4 July 2021 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '' [[Nerkonda Paarvai]]'' || Vishwa || || <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2019 |title=Director Adhik Ravichandran raves about Ajith in Nerkonda Paaravai: Thala is on beast mode |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/director-adhik-ravichandran-raves-about-ajith-in-nerkonda-paaravai-thala-is-on-beast-mode-1499696-2019-04-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709192935/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/director-adhik-ravichandran-raves-about-ajith-in-nerkonda-paaravai-thala-is-on-beast-mode-1499696-2019-04-11 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=4 July 2021 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2022 || ''[[Cobra (2022 film)|Cobra]]'' || Bhavana's relative || || <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===As a playback singer===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Year<br />
! scope="col" | Song<br />
! scope="col" | Film<br />
! scope="col" | Composer<br />
! scope="col" | Lyricist <br />
! scope="col" class=unsortable | {{refh}}<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|"Bittu Padam Di"<br />
|''[[Trisha Illana Nayanthara]]''<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br />
|[[Rokesh]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 31, 2015 |title=Music Review: Trisha Illana Nayanthara |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/music-review-trisha-illana-nayanthara/articleshow/48291595.cms |access-date=2025-04-14 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2023<br />
|"I Love You Di"<br />
|[[Mark Antony (2023 film)|''Mark Antony'']]<br />
|Rokesh, Himself<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2023 |title=I Love You Di: 'Soup' song from Vishal's Mark Antony out |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/i-love-you-di-soup-song-from-vishals-mark-antony-out-8905903/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903181951/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/i-love-you-di-soup-song-from-vishals-mark-antony-out-8905903/ |archive-date=3 September 2023 |access-date=14 December 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|"OG Sambavam"<br />
|''[[Good Bad Ugly]]''<br />
|Vishnu Edavan<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=18 March 2025 |title='OG Sambavam' from Ajith Kumar's Good Bad Ugly: The first single advises nemesis not to mess with AK |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Mar/18/og-sambavam-from-ajith-kumars-good-bad-ugly-the-first-single-advises-nemesis-not-to-mess-with-ak |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318151214/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Mar/18/og-sambavam-from-ajith-kumars-good-bad-ugly-the-first-single-advises-nemesis-not-to-mess-with-ak |archive-date=18 March 2025 |access-date=28 April 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb name|id=7587855}}<br />
<br />
{{Adhik Ravichandran}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravichandran, Adhik}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Action film directors]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sharbat_(drink)&diff=534667Sharbat (drink)2026-04-28T09:28:07Z<p>Roexpertindia: stub!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Sweet drinks}}<br />
<br />
{{Distinguish | Sherbet (frozen dessert)| Sorbet}}<br />
[[File:Sharbat.JPG|thumb|Two kinds of Iranian ''sharbat'' (center is lemon and right is cherry ''sharbat'') along with Iranian tea (left)]]<br />
'''Sharbat''' ({{langx|fa|شربت}}, {{IPA|fa|ʃæɾˈbæt|pron}}; also transliterated or written as ''shorbot'', ''šerbet'', ''şerbet'' or ''sherbet'') is a drink prepared from fruit or flower [[petals]].<ref>{{cite book |title= Persian Pilgrimages |last= Molavi |first= Afshin |year= 2002 |publisher= W. W. Norton & Company |isbn= 0-393-05119-6 |url= https://archive.org/details/persianpilgrimag00afsh/page/113 |page= [https://archive.org/details/persianpilgrimag00afsh/page/113 113] |url-access= registration }}</ref> It is a sweet [[Squash (drink)|cordial]], and usually served chilled. It can be served in concentrated form and eaten with a spoon or diluted with water to create the drink. <br />
<br />
Popular ''sharbats'' are made of one or more of the following: [[basil seeds]],golāb ([[rose water|rose water)]], fresh rose petals, [[sandalwood]], ''[[Aegle marmelos|bael]]'', [[hibiscus]], [[lemon]], [[Orange (fruit)|orange]], [[mango]], [[pineapple]], [[grape]], ''[[falsa]]'' (''Grewia asiatica'') and [[chia seed]]s.<br />
<br />
''Sharbat'' is common in homes of [[Iran]], [[Armenia]], [[Turkey]], [[Bosnia]], [[Arab world]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]] and [[India]]. It is also popular with [[Muslims]] when breaking their daily [[fasting|fasts]] during the month of [[Ramadan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://muslimheritage.com/article/world%E2%80%99s-first-soft-drink|title=The World's First Soft Drink|website=Muslim Heritage|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224200942/http://www.muslimheritage.com/article/world%E2%80%99s-first-soft-drink|archive-date=2016-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Organic Rose Sharbat in Merdzavan, Armenia |url=https://orgayouth.com/organic-rose-sharbat-in-merdzavan-armenia?utm_ |website=Orgayouth}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
[[File:Afza Syrup (Lal sharbat).JPG|thumb|[[Rooh Afza]] sharbat or shorbot drink made from fruit and herbs formulated in 1906 in [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh]], India, and launched from [[Old Delhi, India]]]]<br />
The term comes from the Persian word ''sharbat'' (شربت),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/sherbet|title=Sherbet {{!}} frozen dessert|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-07-23|quote=The word sherbet derives from the Persian sharbat, an iced fruit drink; iced desserts were introduced to the West via the Middle East. In the late 20th century there was a revival of the practice of serving a tart sherbet or sorbet between the courses of an elaborate meal to refresh the palate.}}</ref> meaning a drink of sugar and water. This in turn came from the [[Arabic]] word ''shariba'', "to drink".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wain |first1=Harry |title=The story behind the word: some interesting origins of medical terms |date=1958 |publisher=Thomas |oclc=630688 |page=288 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MGFrAAAAMAAJ&q=sharbat+meaning}}</ref> By the late [[Middle Ages]], the [[Arabic]] word ''sharāb'' (شراب) had come to mean "alcoholic beverage" and the alternate form sharbāt (شربات) and its [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Turkish language|Turkish]] variations, ''sharbat'' (شربت), and ''şerbet'' respectively, took on the meaning of a sweet non-alcoholic beverage.<ref name=weir>{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-931339-6| last1 = Weir| first1 = Robin| last2 = Quinzio| first2 = Jeri| title = The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets| chapter = Sherbet| access-date = 2018-07-20| date = 2015-07-23| chapter-url = http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199313396.001.0001/acref-9780199313396-e-463 |via=[[Oxford Reference]] }}</ref> The word is reported to have been first used in English vocabulary in 1603, and referenced by philosopher [[Francis Bacon]] in 1626.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-17 |title=Definition of SHERBET |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sherbet |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Aramco World : The World’s First Soft Drink |url=https://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/200505/the.world.s.first.soft.drink.htm |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=archive.aramcoworld.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
It is believed that sharbats originated in [[Iran]] ([[Name of Iran|Persia]]).<ref name="weir" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Marks|first=Gil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&pg=PT1|title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Food|date=2010-11-17|publisher=HMH|isbn=978-0-544-18631-6|language=en|quote=Sharbat is a fruit syrup. Origin: Persia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Farrokh |first=Dr Kaveh |title=The Unknown Origins of Ice Cream in Ancient Iran |url=https://www.kavehfarrokh.com/ancient-prehistory-651-a-d/achaemenids/the-unknown-origins-of-ice-cream-in-ancient-iran/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Dr. Kaveh Farrokh |language=en-US|quote=It is believed that Arabs who had conquered Persian Empire at the time took the age-old Persian refreshment called Sharbat and enriched the existing mix of fruit syrup and snow chilled honey with milk and sugar. This was the conception of the modern day granita and gelato.}}</ref><ref name="Cousineau">{{Cite book |last=Cousineau |first=Phil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7g3yC_EI310C&q=sorbet+originated+in+persia&pg=PT255 |title=The Painted Word: A Treasure Chest of Remarkable Words and Their Origins |date=2012-09-11 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9781936740253 |language=en |quote=The ancient Persians created a delicious and cooling concoction called sharbat}}</ref><ref name="Dishoom: From Bombay with Love">{{Cite book |last1=Thakrar |first1=Shamil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4cqQDwAAQBAJ&q=sharbat+persian+origin&pg=PA23-IA120 |title=Dishoom: From Bombay with Love |last2=Thakrar |first2=Kavi |last3=Nasir |first3=Naved |date=2019-09-05 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781408890660 |language=en |quote=Sharbat is a soft drink with Persian origins}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zcNdB_sl2JkC&q=sharbat+origin+persian&pg=PA80|title=National & Regional Styles of Cookery: Proceedings : Oxford Symposium 1981|last=Davidson|first=Alan|date=1981-01-01|publisher=Oxford Symposium|isbn=9780907325079|language=en|page=80}}</ref> Around 400 BC, sharbat had become popular in Persia as fruit syrup historically cooled with snow.<ref>{{Cite web |last=@NatGeoFrance |date=2020-07-10 |title=À quand remonte notre amour pour les glaces ? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.fr/histoire/2020/07/a-quand-remonte-lengouement-pour-les-glaces |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=National Geographic |language=fr}}</ref> Several syrups are listed in the 11th-century ''[[Canon of Medicine]]'' by Persian scholar [[Ibn Sīnā]].<ref>{{Cite web| title = 100 farklı Osmanlı şerbeti bir kitapta toplandı| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = http://www.trthaber.com/haber/kultur-sanat/100-farkli-osmanli-serbeti-bir-kitapta-toplandi-316442.html| website=trt haber| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171207194711/http://www.trthaber.com/haber/kultur-sanat/100-farkli-osmanli-serbeti-bir-kitapta-toplandi-316442.html| archive-date = 2017-12-07| url-status = live}}</ref> In the 12th century, [[Persian language|Persian]] book of [[Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi]], [[Ismail Gorgani|Gorgani]] describes different types of Sharbats in [[Iran]], including Ghoore, Anar, Sekanjebin, etc.<br />
<br />
The first Western mention of sharbat is an Italian reference to something that [[Ottoman Turks|Turks]] drink. The word enters Italian as ''sorbetti'' which later became ''sorbet'' in French.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-19 |title=Des « sharbats » de la Perse aux sorbets, une histoire longue et glacée |url=https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1306073/des-sharbats-de-la-perse-aux-sorbets-une-histoire-longue-et-glacee.html |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=L'Orient-Le Jour |language=fr}}</ref> In the 17th-century, England began importing "sherbet powders" made from dried fruit and flowers mixed with sugar. In the modern era [[Sherbet (powder)|sherbet powder]] is still popular in the [[UK]], though Oxford Reference distinguishes this earlier drink from the later use of effervescent “sherbet powder” in English.<ref>{{Cite web |title=sherbet |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100501373 |access-date=2026-04-22}}</ref> A contemporary [[George Sandys|English writer]] traveling in the Middle East wrote of "sundry sherbets … some made of sugar and lemons, some of violets, and the like." When [[European people|Europeans]] figured out how to [[Endothermic process|freeze sherbet]] they began making ''[[sorbet]]to'' by adding fruit juices and flavorings to a frozen simple syrup base. In the US sherbet generally meant an ice milk, but recipes from early soda fountain manuals include ingredients like gelatin, beaten egg whites, cream, or milk.<ref name=weir /><br />
<br />
Sharbat was traditionally made with [[cane juice]], but in modern times it is commonly made at home with sugar and water. Lime is sometimes added to improve the texture and flavor of the sharbat.<ref name=ndtv>{{Cite web| title = Sharbat| work = NDTV Food| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = https://food.ndtv.com/ingredient/sharbat-701174| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171101001914/http://food.ndtv.com/ingredient/sharbat-701174| archive-date = 2017-11-01| url-status = live}}</ref> Honey is also commonly used as a sweetener. Sharbet comes in many flavors including lemon, pomegranate, quince, strawberry, cherry, orange, rose, orange blossom, tamarind, mulberry and violet.<ref name=weir /> One sharbat recorded in the 19th-century cookbook by [[Friedrich Unger]] is called ''gülgülü tiryaki şerbet'' which means "pink [[opium]]-eater's sherbet".<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Kegan Paul| isbn = 978-0-7103-0936-5| last = Unger| first = Friedrich| title = A King's Confectioner in the Orient: Friedrich Unger, Court Confectioner to King Otto I of Greece| date = 2003 |page=74}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Varieties==<br />
[[File:Imli Aloo Bukharay Sharbat.jpg|thumb|[[Tamarind]] and [[plum]] sharbat]]<br />
[[Tamarind]] sherbet is a popular non-alcoholic beverage in Muslim countries that is commonly prepared during [[Ramadan]]. In Turkey tamarind sherbet, called ''demirhindi şerbeti'', might be flavored with [[cloves]], [[cardamom]], fresh [[ginger]], a [[cinnamon]] stick, [[honey]], [[Salvia officinalis|sage]] and dried [[Tilia|linden]] flowers.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Demirhindi Şerbeti| work = Arda'nın Mutfağı| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = http://www.ardaninmutfagi.com/yemek-tarifleri/tatlilar/demirhindi-serbeti| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180104182140/http://www.ardaninmutfagi.com/yemek-tarifleri/tatlilar/demirhindi-serbeti| archive-date = 2018-01-04| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title = Demirhindi şerbeti tarifi| work = Milliyet Haber| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = http://www.milliyet.com.tr/demirhindi-serbeti-tarifi-pembenar-detay-icecekler-2263537/| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170125030700/http://www.milliyet.com.tr/demirhindi-serbeti-tarifi-pembenar-detay-icecekler-2263537/| archive-date = 2017-01-25| url-status = live}}</ref> In [[Hindustani language|Hindi-Urdu]], tamarind is called ''imli'' and is commonly paired with dried plums (''aaloo bukhara'').<ref>{{cite web |title=इमली |url=https://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/hindi-english/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80-meaning-in-english |publisher=Shabdkosh |access-date=16 April 2026 |date=2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title = Health benefits of Imli and Aaloo Bukhara drink| work = Samaa TV| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = http://www.samaa.tv/uncategorized/2017/06/health-benefits-of-imli-and-aaloo-bukhara-drink/}}</ref><br />
<br />
Almond sherbet is probably of Persian origin<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zcNdB_sl2JkC&q=sharbat+originated+in+persia&pg=PA80|title=National & Regional Styles of Cookery: Proceedings : Oxford Symposium 1981|last=Davidson|first=Alan|date=1981-01-01|publisher=Oxford Symposium|isbn=9780907325079|language=en|page=80}}</ref> and can be spiced with [[cardamom]] and [[kewra]].<ref>{{Cite web| title = Badaam ka Sharbat Recipe by Niru Gupta| work = NDTV Food| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-badaam-ka-sharbat-1-483347| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180307135627/https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-badaam-ka-sharbat-1-483347| archive-date = 2018-03-07| url-status = live}}</ref> Another version of almond sherbet is made with milk and [[saffron]] and [[musk melon]] seeds are sometimes added.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Make this cooling almond sharbat this summer| work = The Indian Express| access-date = 2018-07-19| date = 2016-06-03| url = http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/make-this-cooling-almond-sharbat-this-summer-foodie-2833088/| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170821130405/http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/make-this-cooling-almond-sharbat-this-summer-foodie-2833088/| archive-date = 2017-08-21| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | title = Recipe: Badam ka sharbat (almond-saffron milk) | work = The Boston Globe | access-date = 2018-07-19| url = https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/food-dining/2017/05/29/recipe-badam-sharbat-almond-saffron-milk/Mpr7hJytDvCXhObd4A7O8M/story.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170708094322/http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/food-dining/2017/05/29/recipe-badam-sharbat-almond-saffron-milk/Mpr7hJytDvCXhObd4A7O8M/story.html| archive-date = 2017-07-08| url-status = live}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Bael_Sherbat_Indian_Beverage.jpg|thumb|[[Bela Pana]]]]<br />
Wood apple sharbat can be flavored with salt, pepper and [[mentha]] or simply sugar and [[lemon]] juice.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Here Is How You Can Make Bael Sherbet At Home| work = NDTV Food| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/here-is-how-you-can-make-bael-sharbat-at-home-1851998| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180514221836/https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/here-is-how-you-can-make-bael-sharbat-at-home-1851998| archive-date = 2018-05-14| url-status = live}}</ref> Called ''[[Aegle marmelos|bael]] ka sharbat'' it is one of the most popular beverages in [[India]] and was discussed in the 1894 ''Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales''.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Springer Science & Business Media| isbn = 978-3-662-07774-0| last = Bajaj| first = Y. P. S.| title = High-Tech and Micropropagation V| date = 2013-03-09| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-FzxCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA273| access-date = 2018-07-19| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180720024941/https://books.google.com/books?id=-FzxCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA273| archive-date = 2018-07-20| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Government printer.| title = Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales| date = 1894| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4znuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA156| access-date = 2018-07-19| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180720024941/https://books.google.com/books?id=4znuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA156| archive-date = 2018-07-20| url-status = live}}</ref> Another sharbat variation from India is made with powdered [[sandalwood]] (''chandan'') and sugared milk.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Chandan ka Sharbat Recipe by Niru Gupta| work = NDTV Food| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-chandan-ka-sherbet-100545| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180720024941/https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-chandan-ka-sherbet-100545| archive-date = 2018-07-20| url-status = live}}</ref> [[Phalsa]] berries are another base for some varieties of south Asian sherbet.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Phalse Ka Sharbat Recipe| work = NDTV Food| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-phalse-ka-sharbat-218026| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180625090947/https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-phalse-ka-sharbat-218026| archive-date = 2018-06-25| url-status = live}}</ref> Some sour sharbet variations might make use of citrus fruits, tamarind, or ''[[Amla (fruit)|amla]]'' berries. An Indian lemonade called ''nimbu pani'' is made with fresh squeezed lemon or lime juice with additional flavorings like ginger, mint, saffron, kewra or even crushed black pepper.<ref name=guardian /><br />
<br />
[[Vetiver]] sherbet (''khus'' syrup) can be made by adding ''khus'' essence to sugar and water. The ''khus'' essence itself is made from the roots of vetiver grass. Vetiver sherbet can be used as a flavoring for milkshakes, [[lassi]] and other yogurt drinks, ice cream, [[Shirley Temple (drink)|Shirley Temples]] and other mixed beverages. It can also be used as a general purpose dessert topping.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Khus ka Sharbat Recipe by Niru Gupta| work = NDTV Food| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-khus-ka-sharbat-100543| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171119055039/http://food.ndtv.com/recipe-khus-ka-sharbat-100543| archive-date = 2017-11-19| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Springer| isbn = 978-3-319-26062-4| last = Lim| first = T. K.| title = Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 11 Modified Stems, Roots, Bulbs| date = 2016-02-08 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-4WMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200}}</ref><br />
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The most common sharbat flavor is probably [[rose]].<ref name=ndtv /> Rose sharbat can be used as a topping for the milk pudding ''[[muhallebi]]''. One Turkish method of making rose sharbat involves kneading fresh rose petals with a little [[citric acid]] or sugar to release their fragrance. (If sugar is used the petals are left in the fridge overnight and a small amount of lemon juice is added the following day.) This petal mixture is called ''gül mayası'' and can be added to a sharbat base of sugar and water to make a rose sharbat topping that can be used to flavor desserts like ''muhallebi'', and other cookies and cakes.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Gül Şerbetli Su Muhallebisi {{!}} Kolay Tatlılar| work = www.showtv.com.tr| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = https://www.showtv.com.tr/yemek-tarifleri/tatlilar/492799-gul-serbetli-su-muhallebisi| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180719093135/https://www.showtv.com.tr/yemek-tarifleri/tatlilar/492799-gul-serbetli-su-muhallebisi| archive-date = 2018-07-19| url-status = live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Middle East ===<br />
[[File:Kunefe and dondurma.jpg|thumb|[[Knafeh]], dessert made from ''[[Kadayif (pastry)|kadayif]]'' soaked in sh''erbet'', served with [[dondurma]]]] <br />
Many Ottoman Muslims did not have a custom of consuming or serving alcoholic beverages, which contributed to the popularity of sherbet during the [[Middle Ages]]. In the Ottoman period, palace sherbet production took place in the Helvahane and that sherbet commonly consisted of fruit and water, enhanced with sugar, rose water, and spices.<ref name=":0" /> Sherbet could take three forms: syrups, pastes called ''çevirme'' and tablets. Ottoman confectioners would create concentrated essences out of fresh ingredients that could be diluted to make sherbet. In 17<sup>th</sup> century [[Istanbul]] about 500 people worked in the sherbet trade across 300 shops, rising to around 1100 when certain itinerant sellers are included. These Ottoman-era sherbets were produced year-round and served cold in summer and hot in winter, with hot and spicy sherbets widely consumed during colder months. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Studies on Ottoman Sherbets from the Past to Present |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3930008 |access-date=2026-04-22}}</ref> In modern times, sherbet production has declined but in some regions of Turkey syrups are still made. Pastes are rare and can only be found in speciality shops; most commercially available pastes today are limited to [[bergamot orange|bergamot]] or [[Mastic (plant resin)|mastic]] flavors. Tablets were a specialty item, even during Ottoman Times, made only by confectioner's in professional shops. To make the tablets, fruit juices and essential oils, like [[rose]] or [[cinnamon]], were added to boiling sugared water and stirred against the sides of the pan until the sugar began to crystallize. Spices, ground nuts, and herbs might be added to the mixture, which was poured onto a large marble slab and allowed to set.<ref name=isin>{{Cite book| publisher = I.B.Tauris| isbn = 978-1-84885-898-5| last = Isin| first = Mary| title = Sherbet and Spice: The Complete Story of Turkish Sweets and Desserts| date = 2013-01-08}}</ref><br />
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In the 19th-century Isaac Edrehi wrote about a shopkeeper named Mustafa who made two types of beverages called sherbet and khoshâb:<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = I. Edrehi| last = Edrehi| first = Moses|author-link=Moses Edrehi| title = History of the capital of Asia and the Turks: together with an account of the domestic manners of the Turks in Turkey| date = 1855| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nUQLAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA53| access-date = 2018-07-19| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180720024941/https://books.google.com/books?id=nUQLAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA53| archive-date = 2018-07-20| url-status = live}}</ref><br />
<blockquote>One of the dainties on the happy mixture of which Hadjy Mustafa prides himself is khoshâb. This beverage, though nearly related to, must not be confounded with, sherbet. The latter is slightly acidulated, and in general made of fresh lemon, [[quince]], orange or [[cherry juice]], or of candied grapes, mulberries, and [[Damson|Damascus plums]], squeezed or diluted in cold water, and thus drank at all hours. But the khoshâb (agreeable water) forms the termination of all orthodox dinners, and is composed of preserved fruits or syrups, such as Aidin pomegranates, Mardin plums, Damascus and Bokhara apricots, Rodosto peaches, Scala Nuova cherries, Beybek strawberries, Adrianople roses, tamarinds, and so forth."</blockquote><br />
<br />
The Ottoman writer [[Evliya Çelebi]] records that the Merchants of Khoshâb in [[Ottoman Egypt]] made khoshâb, which he calls "a kind of sherbet", from "the juice of the most excellent fruits, such as apricots of Bokhara, plums of Mardin, pears of Azerbaijan, mulberries of Arabguir, grapes of Smyrna, sour cherries (aigriottes) of Rodosto, apples of Koja Ili, prunes of Temesvar, and peaches of Constantinople." According to this account the ''khoshâb'' is flavored with "amber and musk". He goes on to describe a different group of sherbet-merchants whose shops are decorated with "many thousand cups and bowls of China and Fayence, which are filled with sherbet, made of rhubarb, roses, lemons, lotus, tamarinds and grapes."<ref>{{Cite book| title = Oriental Translation Fund| date = 1834| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl0PAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA154| access-date = 2018-07-19| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180720024941/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl0PAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA154| archive-date = 2018-07-20| url-status = live}}</ref><br />
<br />
The 15th-century Ottoman poem by [[Süleyman Çelebi]] wrote: "As I burned with raging thirst, They handed me a glass of sherbet" describing how the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]]{{'}}s mother was given a glass of sherbet while she was in labor.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford Symposium| isbn = 978-1-903018-89-7| last = McWilliams| first = Mark| title = Celebration: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2011| date = 2012-07-01| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTwQDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT150}}</ref> When a woman in Anatolia gives birth it is still customary to offer a hot sherbet called ''[[lohusa şerbeti]]'' to guests.<ref name=isin /><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford Symposium| isbn = 978-0-907325-46-8| last = Walker| first = Harlan| title = Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1990: Feasting and Fasting : Proceedings| date = 1991| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XseXnb98h90C&pg=PA104| access-date = 2018-07-19| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180720024941/https://books.google.com/books?id=XseXnb98h90C&pg=PA104| archive-date = 2018-07-20| url-status = live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Common sharbat flavors include tamarind, [[pomegranate]], [[black mulberry]], sour grape, [[licorice]], [[morello cherry]], rose, honey.<ref>Özdoğan, Yahya, and Nermin Işık. "Geleneksel Türk Mutfağında Şerbet." (2008).</ref> One version uses fresh purple [[wisteria]] flowers. The petals are soaked in water for a full day and then strained through [[cheesecloth]]. The petals are bundled in the cheesecloth and their highly fragranced liquid is also squeezed into the bowl containing the scented water. Sugar is added and the sugared mixture is allowed to rest overnight.<ref>{{Cite AV media| people = Refika'nın Mutfağı| title = Refika'dan Kolay Mor Salkımlı Şerbet Tarifi| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alk4aVTkQYM| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180720024941/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alk4aVTkQYM| archive-date = 2018-07-20| url-status = live}}</ref><br />
<br />
A simple sherbet of lemon, [[citric acid]] and water, without additional spices, is called ''nişan şerbeti'' or "betrothal sherbet" in [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and is traditionally served at engagement ceremonies.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Esform Ofset| isbn = 978-975-95385-4-5| last1 = Üçer| first1 = Müjgân| last2 = Akkaya| first2 = H. Suna Eretkin| title = Arapgir| date = 2008}}</ref> Some versions of lemon sherbet may be optionally flavored with honey and cloves.<ref>{{Cite AV media| people = Migros Türkiye| title = Limon Şerbeti Tarifi| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QxNNT0wwVE| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180720024941/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QxNNT0wwVE| archive-date = 2018-07-20| url-status = live}}</ref> A similar sherbet flavored with cloves and lemon juice can also be made with fresh [[peach]]es.<ref>{{Cite AV media| people = Migros Türkiyeundefined (Director)| title = Şeftali Şerbeti| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ub_ebifmEk8| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180720024941/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ub_ebifmEk8| archive-date = 2018-07-20| url-status = live}}</ref> Green apple and cinnamon is another possible flavor combination.<ref>{{Cite AV media| people = Migros Türkiye| title = Elma Şerbeti| access-date = 2018-07-19| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBmPgG-rFL4}}</ref> One recipe for "Ottoman sherbet" calls for sugared sour cherries, dried plums, golden raisins, fresh ginger, cloves, cinnamon sticks to be simmered together.<ref>{{Cite AV media| people = Migros Türkiye| title = Osmanlı Şerbeti Nasıl Yapılır? {{!}} Osmanlı Şerbeti Tarifi| access-date = 2018-07-19| time = 48 seconds| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbJcKzXO5g4| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180720024941/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbJcKzXO5g4| archive-date = 2018-07-20| url-status = live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== India ===<br />
Sharbat was introduced to [[India]] by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]s in the 16th century.<ref name=guardian>{{Cite news| issn = 0261-3077| last = Sukhadwala| first = Sejal| title = Diwali drinks: sharbat to champagne| work = The Guardian| access-date = 2018-07-19| date = 2012-11-12| url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2012/nov/12/diwali-drinks-sharbat-to-champagne| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160722013053/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2012/nov/12/diwali-drinks-sharbat-to-champagne| archive-date = 2016-07-22| url-status = live}}</ref> It was popularised in the [[Indian subcontinent]] by [[Babur]], who sent for frequent loads of ice from the [[Himalayas]] to make a cool refreshing drink.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/yw/2002/01/19/stories/2002011900260300.htm|title=Keeping cool|access-date=3 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126092340/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/yw/2002/01/19/stories/2002011900260300.htm|archive-date=26 November 2016|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Algeria===<br />
[[File:Cherbet.jpg|thumb|right|Lemon Cherbet]]<br />
'''Cherbet''' ([[Arabic]]: شربات), also known as or '''charbet mazhar''', is a traditional Algerian drink. In Algerian weddings, the bride drinks a large quantity of this traditional beverage and then offers it to her female guests after the hammam ritual, along with brioche pastries called kâak bouchkara.<ref name="Kika" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=sirops de fruit {{!}} Cuisine Algerienne {{!}} Apprendre la gastronomie Algérienne |url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/display2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20131026202222%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuisine-algerienne.com%2Frecettes%2Fsirops-de-fruits%2F |access-date=2023-06-27 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bouayed">{{Cite book |last=Bouayed |first=Fatima-Zohra |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1243890366 |title=Le livre de la cuisine d'Algérie |publisher=SNED |year=1981 |isbn=2201016488 |page=389}}</ref><br />
<br />
Its origin comes from the Algiers region, specifically from the city of Algiers. Its name comes from Algerian Arabic and means "drink made from orange blossom water.<ref name="Kika">{{Cite web |last=roudacuisine |date=2011-03-15 |title=Kikaats bouchkara revisitées (briochettes algériennes) كعيكعات بوشكارة |url=http://roudacuisine.over-blog.com/article-kikaat-bouchkara-revisitees-anneaux-brioches-53337884.html |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=Ma cuisine d'hier et d'aujourd'hui |language=fr}}</ref><br />
<br />
It is a syrup made of water, fresh cinnamon, a large amount of orange blossom water, and sugar according to taste.<ref name="Bouayed"/><br />
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===Indonesia===<br />
<br />
An [[Indonesia]]n, especially [[Java]]nese, drink called ''serbat'' is commonly found during the month of [[Ramadan]]. The most popular is made by mixing cold water, simple syrup, and shredded cantaloupe, popularly known as ''serbat blewah'' or cantaloupe sherbet.<ref>Riani, Asnida (2022-03-06). "3 Resep Es Blewah Segar untuk Hilangkan Dahaga". (in Indonesian). ''Liputan6''. Retrieved 2024-01-03.</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{portal|Drink}}<br />
* [[Rooh Afza]]<br />
* [[Smoothie]]<br />
* [[Squash (drink)]]<br />
* [[Syrup]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Sherbet (beverage)}}<br />
{{wiktionary|sherbet}}<br />
* {{citation|url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/young.readers.world/the.worlds.first.soft.drink/default.htm |work=Aramco World |title=The World's First Soft Drink |first1=Juliette |last1=Rossant |access-date=22 August 2020 |date=September 2005 |volume=56 |issue=5}}. {{citation|url=https://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/200505/the.world.s.first.soft.drink.htm |title=Original article}}.<br />
{{Bangladeshi dishes}}<br />
{{Cuisine of Turkey}}<br />
{{Burmese cuisine}}<br />
{{Cuisine of India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Afghan cuisine]]<br />
[[Category:Burmese cuisine]]<br />
[[Category:Bangladeshi drinks]]<br />
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina drinks]]<br />
[[Category:Non-alcoholic drinks]]<br />
[[Category:Arabic drinks]]<br />
[[Category:Azerbaijani drinks]]<br />
[[Category:Indian drinks]]<br />
[[Category:Iraqi cuisine]]<br />
[[Category:Iranian drinks]]<br />
[[Category:Kuwaiti cuisine]]<br />
[[Category:Bahraini cuisine]]<br />
[[Category:Fijian drinks]]<br />
[[Category:Mughlai cuisine]]<br />
[[Category:Turkish drinks]]<br />
[[Category:Uttar Pradeshi cuisine]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani drinks]]<br />
[[Category:Nepalese cuisine]]<br />
[[Category:Sri Lankan drinks]]<br />
[[Category:Flower dishes]]<br />
[[Category:Fruit drinks]]<br />
[[Category:Ottoman cuisine]]<br />
[[Category:Iftar foods]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sorang_Sompeng_script&diff=536739Sorang Sompeng script2026-04-27T15:00:16Z<p>Roexpertindia: stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian script}}<br />
{{Missing information|the background and rationale for the script's creation as well as the meaning of its name|date=September 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox writing system<br />
| name = Sorang Sompeng<br />
| altname = 𑃐𑃦𑃝𑃗 𑃐𑃦𑃖𑃛𑃣𑃗<br />
| type = Alphabet<br />
| languages = [[Sora language|Sora]]<br />
| time = 18 June 1936 – present<ref name="L209189" /><br />
| fam1 = original invention<br />
| unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U110D0.pdf U+110D0–U+110FF]<br />
| iso15924 = Sora<br />
| sample = Sora Sompeng.png<br />
| caption = The Sorang Sompeng alphabet chart<br />
}}<br />
[[File:Saura Script invented by Mangei Gomango.jpg|thumb|Sorang Sompeng and [[Odia script|Odia]] scripts for the Sora language]]<br />
<br />
The '''Sorang Sompeng''' ([[Sora language|Sora]] <small>(''Sorang Sompeng'')</small>: 𑃐𑃦𑃝𑃗 𑃐𑃦𑃖𑃛𑃣𑃗) [[Handwriting script|script]] is a modern (of early- to mid-20th century provenance) [[Constructed writing system|constructed]] writing system used to write [[Sora language|Sora]], a [[Munda languages|Munda language]] with approximately 300,000 speakers—the indigenous, Austroasiatic-speaking [[Sora people]] (alternatively named, and the word ''Sora'' alternatively spelled or [[romanized]], ''Saura'', ''Saora'', ''Savara'', and ''Sabara'') of primarily coastal [[Southern India|southern]] and [[Eastern India|eastern]] India. The script was created by the self-taught scholar and Sora activist [[Mangei Gomango]] in 1936 and is used primarily in religious contexts,<ref name="L209189">{{Cite web |last=Everson |first=Michael |date=8 June 2009 |title=Unicode.org |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2009/09189r-n3647r-sora-sompeng.pdf |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=[[Unicode.org]]}}</ref> akin to a [[liturgical language]], in the rites of the Matar Banom (or Matharvanam) neo-[[Animism|animist]] religious movement of the Sora. To a far lesser, though still significant extent, Sorang Sompeng is learned, taught, read, and written for secular educational and literary purposes in Sora communities, primarily in the Indian states of [[Odisha]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].<br />
<br />
The Sora language is also written in the Latin, Odia, and Telugu scripts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sorang Sompeng script |url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/sorangsompeng.htm |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=omniglot.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Letters==<br />
[[File:Shukla Sorang Sompeng.svg|thumb|right|The words "Sorang Sompeng" in the Sorang Sompeng script]]<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable letters-table letters-violet"<br />
|+Sorang Sompeng<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃟|top=kah|ipa=/k/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃕|top=gah|ipa=/ɡ/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃗|top=ngah|ipa=/ŋ/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃓|top=cah|ipa=/tʃ/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃠|top=jah|ipa=/dʒ/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃡|top=nyah|ipa=/ɲ/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃑|top=tah|ipa=/t/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃔|top=dah|ipa=/d/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃙|top=nah|ipa=/n/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃛|top=pah|ipa=/p/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃒|top=bah|ipa=/b/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃖|top=mah|ipa=/m/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃜|top=yah|ipa=/j/}}<br />
|-<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃝|top=rah|ipa=/r/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃘|top=lah|ipa=/l/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃚|top=wah|ipa=/w/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃐|top=sah|ipa=/s/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃞|top=hah|ipa=/h/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃢|top=ah|ipa=/aː/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃤|top=ih|ipa=/i/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃣|top=eeh|ipa=/e/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃥|top=uh|ipa=/u/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃦|top=oh|ipa=/o/, /a/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃧|top=eh|ipa=/ai/}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃨|top=mae|ipa=/mae/}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Numerals==<br />
{| class="wikitable letters-table letters-violet"<br />
|-<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃰|top=0}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃱|top=1}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃲|top=2}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃳|top=3}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃴|top=4}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃵|top=5}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃶|top=6}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃷|top=7}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃸|top=8}}<br />
| {{letter|s=Sora|ch=𑃹|top=9}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Unicode==<br />
The Sorang Sompeng script was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in January 2012, with the release of version 6.1.<br />
<br />
===Block===<br />
{{Main|Sora Sompeng (Unicode block)}}<br />
<br />
The Unicode block for Sorang Sompeng script, called Sora Sompeng, is U+110D0–U+110FF:<br />
<br />
{{Unicode chart Sora Sompeng}}<br />
<br />
===Fonts===<br />
[[Microsoft Windows]] made a font called [[Nirmala UI]], which supports Sora Sompeng.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{list of writing systems}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Alphabets]]<br />
[[Category:Munda scripts]]<br />
[[Category:Writing systems introduced in the 1930s]]<br />
[[Category:1936 introductions]]<br />
[[Category:Constructed scripts]]<br />
<br />
{{writingsystem-stub}}</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Popcorn_Khao!_Mast_Ho_Jao&diff=525997Popcorn Khao! Mast Ho Jao2026-04-23T10:37:15Z<p>Roexpertindia: Put up a data with sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Popcorn Khao! Mast Ho Jao<br />
| image = Popcorn khao mast ho jao poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Movie poster for ''Popcorn Khao! Mast Ho Jao''<br />
| director = [[Kabir Sadanand]]<br />
| producer =<br />
| writer = Kabir Sadanand, Raghuvir Shekhawat<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Akshay Kapoor]]<br />
* [[Tanishaa]]<br />
* Rashmi Nigam<br />
* [[Deepak Tijori]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = [[Vishal–Shekhar]]<br />
| cinematography =<br />
| editing =<br />
| distributor =<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2004|10|01}}<br />
| runtime =<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget =<br />
| gross =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Popcorn Khao! Mast Ho Jao''''' ({{langx|en|Eat Popcorn and Enjoy}}) is a 2004 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic comedy film]] directed by [[Kabir Sadanand]] and starring [[Akshay Kapoor]], [[Tanishaa]], Rashmi Nigam and [[Yash Tonk]]. [[Deepak Tijori]] and Kabir Sadanand make special appearances in the film. Serbian model Jelena Jakovljevic did an [[item number]] "Dupatta Beimaan Re" in the film.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gahlaut|first1=Kanika|title=Jelena Jakovljevic does item number for 'Popcorn Khao Mast Ho Jao'|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20040607-serbian-model-jelena-jakovljevic-shot-item-song-upcoming-film-popcorn-khao-mast-ho-jao-790018-2004-06-06|access-date=14 December 2014|work=[[India Today]]|publisher=[[Living Media]]|date=7 June 2004}}</ref> It marked the acting debut of Kapoor and Nigam and was the directorial debut of Sadanand.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Express News Service|title='Tum Milo Toh Sahi' cast hopeful of good show|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/tum-milo-toh-sahi-cast-hopeful-of-good-show/596392/|accessdate=13 December 2014|work=[[The Indian Express]]|publisher=[[Indian Express Limited]]|date=29 March 2010|location=Mumbai}}</ref> Produced under the banner of Pritish Nandy Communications,<ref name="Pant" /> the film received poor reviews from critics, upon its premiere and performed poorly at the box office.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Salvadore|first1=Sarah|title=I want to break the mould: Kabir|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-want-to-break-the-mould-Kabir/articleshow/5735059.cms|accessdate=13 December 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|date=29 March 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
{{more plot|date=March 2015}}<br />
<br />
College-goers Rahul, Tanya, and Goldie are members of the Kurta Gang. These three friends are also part of a [[love triangle]]: Goldie loves Tanya, who in turn loves Rahul. The situation becomes even more complex when Sonia (Rashmi Nigam) takes admission into their college. Rahul falls in love with Sonia. All these friends continued their education in college and did not confess their love. After college, Sonia begins a relationship with Yash (Kabir Sadanand). Rahul moves to [[Mumbai]] to start his career as a music director and decides he will not meet his friends until he becomes famous. Sonia's dad, VK, selects him for his next music video.<ref name="Patcy" /><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
<br />
* [[Akshay Kapoor]] as Rahul Malhotra <br />
* [[Tanishaa]] as Tanya Sharma<br />
* [[Rashmi Nigam]] as Sonia Kapur<br />
* [[Yash Tonk]] as Sameer “Goldie”<br />
* [[Deepak Tijori]] as VK, Sonia's father<br />
* [[Kabir Sadanand]] as Yash<br />
* [[:sr:Јелена Јаковљевић Бин Драи|Jelena Jakovljević]] as an item number in song "Dupatta Beimaan Re"<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
<br />
When Sadanand told his friends about the title of his new film they expressed their surprise and called him mad.<ref name="Banerjee">{{cite news|last1=Banerjee|first1=Sudeshna|title=Spontaneity and a whiff of romance|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040726/asp/calcutta/story_3515571.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040823113450/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040726/asp/calcutta/story_3515571.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 August 2004|accessdate=14 December 2014|work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=26 July 2004}}</ref> To know whether people would be able to recall the title, Sadanand went to [[Lokhandwala]] and asked 10 unknown people about the recall potential of the title. Instead of choosing actors through a screen test he organised a workshop for actors. Kapoor and Nigam were finalised after this workshop. He also cast Mukherjee whom he had spotted at an award ceremony. The scene in the film, where she was seen against the setting sun was shot without prior planning.<ref name="Banerjee" /> This was Nigam's debut film.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kumar|first1=Anuj|title=The Complan girl grows up!|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/08/02/stories/2004080200480200.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141214093834/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/08/02/stories/2004080200480200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 December 2014|accessdate=14 December 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[The Hindu Group]]|date=2 August 2004}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Popcorn Khao Mast Ho Jao<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Vishal–Shekhar]]<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 15 July 2004<br />
| recorded =<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| language = [[Hindi]]<br />
| length = 7:33<br />
| label = [[Sony Music India]] <br />
| producer = [[Kabir Sadanand]]<br />
| prev_title = [[Jhankaar Beats]]<br />
| prev_year = 2003<br />
| next_title = [[Bluffmaster!]]<br />
| next_year = 2005<br />
}}<br />
The soundtrack and background score was composed by Vishal Dadlani and Shekhar Ravjiani, with lyrics penned by [[Vishal Dadlani]]. [[Rediff.com]] Patcy N. called the songs "Dupatta Beimaan Re", "O Solemiya" and "Le Chale" catchy. She appreciated Jakovljevi's performance in the item number and called her attractive.<ref name="Patcy" /> Rediff.com's Seema Pant praised [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]'s voice in "Dupatta Beimaan Re" and "O Solemiya". She noted that "Dooriyan"'s remix should have been left alone since the original track was better. Pant advised music fans to avoid the title track "Popcorn Khao! Mast Ho Jao" because "it [had] nothing to offer".<ref name="Pant">{{cite news|last1=Pant|first1=Seema|title=Popcorn Khao: Ordinary fare|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/aug/16popcorn.htm|accessdate=14 December 2014|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=16 August 2004}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Kal Se Koi<br />
| lyrics1 = Vishal Dadlani<br />
| extra1 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]<br />
| length1 = 4:25<br />
| title2 = Dupatta Beimaan Re<br />
| lyrics2 = Vishal Dadlani<br />
| extra2 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]<br />
| length2 = 4:18<br />
| title3 = Le Chale<br />
| lyrics3 = Vishal Dadlani<br />
| extra3 = [[KK (musician)|KK]], [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]]<br />
| length3= 4:34<br />
| title4 = O Solemiya<br />
| lyrics4 = Vishal Dadlani<br />
| extra4 = Sunidhi Chauhan<br />
| length4= 4:42<br />
| title5 = Dooriyan<br />
| lyrics5 = Vishal Dadlani<br />
| extra5 = [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]]<br />
| length5= 5:25<br />
| title6 = Popcorn Khao! Mast Ho Jao<br />
| lyrics6 = Vishal Dadlani<br />
| extra6 = [[Vishal Dadlani]]<br />
| length6= 3:56<br />
| title7 = Move The Dupatta (Bonus The Mix)<br />
| lyrics7 = Vishal Dadlani<br />
| extra7 = Sunidhi Chauhan<br />
| length7= 5:02<br />
| title8 = Dooriyan (Feel The Rhythm Mix)<br />
| lyrics8 = Vishal Dadlani<br />
| extra8 = Richa Sharma<br />
| length8= 4:26<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
<br />
[[Rediff.com]]{{'s}} Patcy N. said that the director had shown only three hours of dialogue.<ref name="Patcy">{{cite news|last1=N.|first1=Patcy|title=Popcorn... dekho bore ho jao!|url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2004/oct/01pop.htm|accessdate=14 December 2014|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=1 October 2004}}</ref> She called the flashbacks "frustrating" but appreciated Tijori's and Tonk's acting. She criticised Nigam for her poor dialogue delivery and Tanisha for her "bad" acting. She went further and opined that Tanisha should learn acting from her sister Kajol. Patcy noted that Kapoor was good only in emotional scenes and questioned why he [appeared] shirtless in so many scenes? She advised Sadanand not to take the audience for granted.<ref name="Patcy" /> Pratim D. Gupta of ''[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]'' called it an unwatchable film.<ref>{{cite news|last1=D. Gupta|first1=Pratim|title=Ugly Fugly|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140614/jsp/t2/story_18509646.jsp#.VI02LCuUdhw|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140619011807/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140614/jsp/t2/story_18509646.jsp#.VI02LCuUdhw|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 June 2014|accessdate=14 December 2014|work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=14 June 2014}}</ref> Writing for ''[[India Today]]'', [[Anupama Chopra]] termed the film "bland and boring". She added that the film's story was "more muddled than memorable". She concluded her review by writing "I didn't get it."<ref>{{cite news|last=Chopra|first=Anupama|author-link=Anupama Chopra|title=Bland and boring|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20041018-film-review-of-popcorn-khao-mast-ho-jao-by-kabir-sadanand-791087-2004-10-17|access-date=14 December 2014|work=[[India Today]]|publisher=[[Living Media]]|date=18 October 2004}}</ref> The film failed to do well at the commercial box office.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Press Trust of India|author-link=Press Trust of India|title=Sarkar actress Tanisha's Marathi debut is her gift to mother Tanuja|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sarkar-actress-tanishas-marathi-debut-is-her-gift-to-mother-tanuja/1150987/|accessdate=13 December 2014|work=[[The Indian Express]]|publisher=[[Indian Express Limited]]|date=4 August 2013|location=Mumbai}}</ref> Rediff.com declared it a commercially flop film.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kuckian|first= Uday |title=Has Ash lost her box office appeal?|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/oct/12box.htm|accessdate=14 December 2014|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=12 October 2004}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* {{IMDb title|0430480|Popcorn Khao! Mast Ho Jao}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2004 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2004 films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2004 romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Vishal–Shekhar]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shahid_Ali_Khan_(politician)&diff=534287Shahid Ali Khan (politician)2026-04-23T05:58:54Z<p>Roexpertindia: stub!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Shahid Ali Khan<br />
| children = 3<br />
| education =<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| office = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start = February 2005<br />
| term_end = March 2010<br />
| term1 = 2000 – February 2005<br />
| constituency = [[Pupri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pupri]]<br />
| office1 = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start1 = 1990<br />
| term_end1 = 1995<br />
| constituency1 = [[Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]]<br />
| office4 = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start4 = 2010<br />
| term_end4 = 2015<br />
| predecessor4 = [[Jainandan Prasad Yadav]]<br />
| constituency4 = [[Sursand (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sursand]]<br />
| party = [[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]<br />
| other_party = {{ubl|[[Janata Dal]]|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]|[[Janata Dal (United)]]}}<br />
| office2 = National working president of [[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]<br />
| term_start2 = 2015<br />
| term_end2 = 2018 <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Shahid Ali Khan''' was an Indian politician from the state of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shahid Ali Khan (Janata Dal (United)(JD(U))): Constituency – SHEOHAR (BIHAR) – Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/ls2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=8324 |access-date=4 January 2026 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><br />
<br />
Khan was first elected to the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] in the [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990 election]] from the [[Sitamarhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]] constituency as a member of the [[Janata Dal]]. At the time, he was the youngest member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=शोक की लहर: बिहार के पूर्व मंत्री शाहिद अली खान का निधन |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/patna/story-former-minister-shahid-ali-khan-no-more-1731328.html |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
He was re-elected from Sitamarhi in the [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000 election]] on the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] ticket.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shahid Ali Khan winner in Sitamarhi, Bihar Assembly Elections 2000 |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/2000/sitamarhi/ |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=LatestLY}}</ref> He later represented the [[Pupri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pupri]] constituency in the [[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|February 2005]] and [[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|October 2005]] elections, and the [[Sursand (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sursand]] constituency in the [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010 election]], all on the [[Janata Dal (United)]] ticket.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shahid Ali Khan (JD(U)): Constituency – Sursand (Sitamarhi) |url=https://myneta.info/bih2010/candidate.php?candidate_id=1304 |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2014 |title=Bihar minister's SRK moment: My name is Khan, but I'm not a terrorist, says Shahid Khan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/bihar-ministers-srk-moment-my-name-is-khan-but-im-not-a-terrorist-says-shahid-khan-over-alleged-links-with-isi/ |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[2014 Indian general election]], Khan contested the [[Sheohar Lok Sabha constituency]] as a candidate of the [[Janata Dal (United)]] but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shahid Ali Khan gets JD(U) ticket from Sheohar LS seat |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/shahid-ali-khan-gets-jdu-ticket-from-sheohar-ls-seat/articleshow/32913904.cms |access-date=7 April 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
Between 1990 and 1995, Khan served as Chairman of the Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2018 |title=बिहार के पूर्व मंत्री शाहिद अली खान का हार्ट अटैक से निधन |url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/bihar/former-minister-bihar-shahid-ali-khan-died-after-heart-attack-439278.html |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=hindi.oneindia.com |language=hi}}</ref> He later held ministerial portfolios in the Government of Bihar, including Minority Welfare, Law, and Information Technology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri Shahid Ali Khan, Minister – Declaration of Assets |url=http://www.brandbharat.com/english/bihar/Asset%20Declaration/Shahid%20Ali%20Khan.html |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=brandbharat.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Shahid Ali Khan died on 5 January 2018 in [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2018 |title=पूर्व मंत्री शाहिद अली खान का अजमेर में इंतकाल |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/patna-former-minister-shahid-ali-khan-dead-due-to-heart-attack-1220868.html |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali Khan, Shahid}}<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br />
[[Category:2018 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Bihar]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aheri_Assembly_constituency&diff=484920Aheri Assembly constituency2026-04-22T12:01:47Z<p>Roexpertindia: made data - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Aheri<br />
| constituency_no = 69<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| state = [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
| map_image = 69-Aheri.svg<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Gadchiroli–Chimur Lok Sabha constituency|Gadchiroli-Chimur]]<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| district = [[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]]<br />
| reservation = ST<br />
| mla = [[Dharamraobaba Bhagwantrao Aatram]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Nationalist Congress Party}}<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
| incumbent_image = <br />
| electors =251,537 <br />
}}<br />
'''Aheri Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|constituencies]] of [[Maharashtra]] state, western India. This constituency is located in [[Gadchiroli district]]. The delimitation of the constituency happened in 2008.<ref name="ECI-20081126" /><br />
<br />
==Geographical scope==<br />
The constituency comprises [[Aheri, Gadchiroli|Aheri]], [[Bhamragad]], [[Etapalli]], [[Mulchera]] and [[Sironcha]].<ref name="ECI-20081126">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=2008-11-26|publisher=Election Commission of India|pages=258|accessdate=2015-08-01}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Members of the Legislative assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aheri Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/aheri.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref><br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || [[Raje Vishveshvar Rao|Raje Vishveshvar Rao Atram]] (St) || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|-<br />
| Weakey Narayansinh Sampatsinh (St) || {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || [[Raje Vishveshvar Rao|Raje Vishveshvar Rao Atram]]|| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || J. Y. Sakhare <br />
|- <br />
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Mukundrao Vithoba Alone || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Bhagwanshaha Jiwanshaha Meshram|| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Penta Rama Talandi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Raje Satyavanrao Raje Vishveshvarrao Atram || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || [[Dharamrao Baba Atram|Dharamraobaba Bhagwantrao Atram]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Raje Satyavanrao Raje Vishveshvarrao Atram|| {{Full party name with color|Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || rowspan=2 | [[Dharamrao Baba Atram|Dharamraobaba Bhagwantrao Atram]] || {{Full party name with color|Gondwana Ganatantra Party}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Before 2009 : See [[Sironcha Assembly constituency|Sironcha]]''}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br />
| Deepak Dada Atram<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br />
| [[Raje Ambrishrao Raje Satyawan Rao Atram]] <br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Dharamrao Baba Atram]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
===Assembly Election 2024=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Aheri}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dharamrao Baba Atram]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 54,206 |percentage = 30.11% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Raje Ambrishrao Raje Satyawan Rao Atram]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 37,392 |percentage = 20.77% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Bhagyashree Dharamraobaba Atram |party=Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar |votes = 35,765 |percentage = 19.87% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hanmantu Gangaram Madavi |party=Independent politician |votes = 27,188 |percentage = 15.10% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Deepak Dada Atram |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,606 |percentage = 3.67% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 5,825 |percentage = 3.24% |change={{decrease}}0.35 }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,814 |percentage = 9.34% |change= {{decrease}}0.29 }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 185,864 |percentage = 73.89% |change= {{increase}}3.67 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 180,039}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 251,537|ref = |change= {{increase}}6.37 }} <br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{decrease}}7.26 }} <br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2019=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Aheri<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|title=General Election to Vidhan Sabha Trends & Results Oct-2019|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121065754/http://results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|archive-date=21 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dharamrao Baba Atram]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 60,013 |percentage = 37.37% |change={{increase}}11.96 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Raje Ambrishrao Raje Satyawan Rao Atram]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 44,555 |percentage = 27.74% |change={{decrease}}11.46 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Deepak Dada Atram |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 43,022 |percentage = 26.79% |change={{increase}}23.83 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 5,765 |percentage = 3.59% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madhukar Yashwant Sadmek |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,623 |percentage = 2.26% |change={{decrease}}0.34 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Lalsu Soma Nogoti |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 2,394 |percentage = 1.49% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kailashbhau Ganpat Koret |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,279 |percentage = 1.42% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dinesh Eshwarshah Madavi |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,091 |percentage = 1.30% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,458 |percentage = 9.63% |change= {{decrease}}4.17 }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 166,387 |percentage = 70.36% |change= {{increase}}1.09 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 160,593}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 236,478|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.81 }} <br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}1.84 }} <br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2014=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Aheri}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Raje Ambrishrao Raje Satyawan Rao Atram]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 56,418 |percentage = 39.21% |change={{increase}}33.25 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dharamrao Baba Atram]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 36,560 |percentage = 25.41% |change={{decrease}}3.43 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Deepak Dada Atram |party=Independent politician |votes = 33,555 |percentage = 23.32% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 7,349 |percentage = 5.11% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mukteshwar Lachama Gawde |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 4,253 |percentage = 2.96% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Raghunath Gajanan Talande |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,737 |percentage = 2.60% |change={{decrease}}0.45 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kailash Ganpat Koret |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,113 |percentage = 2.16% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madavi Dinesh Ishwarshaha |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,706 |percentage = 1.88% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,858 |percentage = 13.80% |change= {{decrease}}6.00 }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 151,279 |percentage = 70.24% |change= {{increase}}0.23 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 143,897}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 215,360|ref = |change= {{increase}}12.67 }} <br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}9.42 }} <br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2009=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Aheri<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Deepak Dada Atram |party=Independent politician |votes = 61,894 |percentage = 48.63% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dharamrao Baba Atram]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 36,697 |percentage = 28.83% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madavi Santosh Gattu |party=Independent politician |votes = 8,036 |percentage = 6.31% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bajirao Mituji Kumare |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 7,583 |percentage = 5.96% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Atram Santosh Mallaji |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,884 |percentage = 3.05% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Talandi Bapu Bonda |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,295 |percentage = 2.59% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gawade Venkati Penta |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,047 |percentage = 2.39% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,197 |percentage = 19.80% |change= }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 127,406 |percentage = 66.65% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 127,272}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 191,149|ref = |change= }} <br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |loser = |swing= }} <br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}<br />
{{coords|19.41|80.01|display=title}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aheri}}<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Gadchiroli district]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bombay State]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umeshbhai_Patel&diff=542548Umeshbhai Patel2026-04-22T01:34:06Z<p>Roexpertindia: new</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Umeshbhai Babubhaiji Patel<br />
| image = File:Umeshbhai Patel.jpg<br />
| caption = Umeshbhai Babubhaiji Patel in Right<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1977|11|27}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Daman and Diu]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], India<br />
| office = [[Member of Parliament]] from [[Daman and Diu Lok Sabha constituency|Daman and Diu]]<br />
| constituency = [[Daman and Diu Lok Sabha constituency|Daman and Diu]]<br />
| successor =<br />
| predecessor = [[Lalubhai Patel]]<br />
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]<br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| date = <br />
| year = <br />
| source = https://sansad.in/ls/members/biographyM/5714?from=members<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = Gj<br />
| country = India<br />
| president = [[Draupadi Murmu]]<br />
| prime_minister = [[Narendra Modi]]<br />
| term_start = 4 June 2024<br />
| vice_president = *[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]<br />
*[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]<br />
| birth_name = Umeshbhai Patel<br />
| citizenship = {{flag|India}}<br />
| parents = Babubhaiji Patel (father)<br />
| occupation = Politician<br />
| profession = [[Agriculturist]] <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Umeshbhai Babubhai Patel''' is an Indian politician. He won the Lok Sabha elections from [[Daman and Diu Lok Sabha constituency|Daman and Diu]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kshatriya |first=Dilip Singh |date=2024-06-04 |title=Upset in Daman and Diu as independent candidate defeats BJP after 15 years |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Jun/04/upset-in-daman-and-diu-as-independent-candidate-defeats-bjp-after-15-years |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Grassroots workers {{!}} Rooted in the masses">{{cite news|title=Grassroots workers {{!}} Rooted in the masses|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-grassroots-workers-rooted-in-the-masses-2565853-2024-07-13|accessdate=1 June 2025|publisher=India Today|date=13 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601170808/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-grassroots-workers-rooted-in-the-masses-2565853-2024-07-13|archivedate=1 June 2025|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Umeshbhai Patel was born in a farming [[Koli people|Koli]] family of [[Daman and Diu]] to Babubhai Patel in 1977.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=3-time BJP MP humbled by Independent in Daman & Diu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/3-time-bjp-mp-humbled-by-independent-in-daman-diu-9372615/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
Babubhai was elected as a Member of Parliament from [[Daman and Diu Lok Sabha constituency|Daman and Diu]] as an Independent candidate in [[2024 Indian general election|2024 General Elections]].<ref name=":0" /> He defeated the three-time [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janta Party]] Member of Parliament [[Lalubhai Patel|Lalu Patel]] by a margin of 6225 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Daman & Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 Highlights: Independent candidate Patel Umeshbhai Babubhai clinches victory |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/daman-diu-dadra-nagar-haveli-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-live-updates-clse-2548159-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Umeshbhai}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]<br />
[[Category:Members of Parliament from Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]<br />
[[Category:1977 births]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jalandhar_West_Assembly_constituency&diff=505393Jalandhar West Assembly constituency2026-04-19T19:39:59Z<p>Roexpertindia: adding basic entry initial version...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Jalandhar West<br />
| map_image = 34-Jalandhar West.svg<br />
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
| district = [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Jalandhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalandhar]]<br />
| reservation = SC<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 34<br />
| mla = [[Mohinder Bhagat]]<br />
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 elections in India#Punjab|By-election 2024]]<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:171632}} (in 2022){{update after|2027|02}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Jalandhar West''' is one of the 117 [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/lpac.aspx |title=List of Parliamentary Constituencies and Assembly Constituencies in the State of Punjab as determined by the delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituency notification dated 19th June, 2006 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |date=19 June 2006 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><br />
It is part of [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]<br />
|[[Chuni Lal Bhagat]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]]<br />
|[[Mohinder Singh Kaypee]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Chuni Lal Bhagat]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<br />
| [[Sushil Kumar Rinku]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br />
| [[Sheetal Angural]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2024 elections in India#Punjab|2024]]★<br />
| [[Mohinder Bhagat]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
★ By elections<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
=== 2024 by-election ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 elections in India#Punjab|Punjab Legislative Assembly by-election 2024]]: Jalandhar West}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Aam Aadmi Party<br />
|candidate = [[Mohinder Bhagat]]<br />
|votes = 55,246<br />
|percentage = 58.39<br />
|change = {{increase}}24.66<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Sheetal Angural]]<br />
|votes = 17,921<br />
|percentage = 18.94<br />
|change = {{decrease}}9.87<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Surinder Kaur<br />
|votes = 16,757<br />
|percentage = 17.71<br />
|change = {{decrease}}12.36<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal<br />
|candidate = Surjit Kaur<br />
|votes = 1,242<br />
|percentage = 1.31<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Binder Kumar<br />
|votes = 734<br />
|percentage = 0.78<br />
|change = {{decrease}}2.77<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = None of the Above<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = 687<br />
|percentage = 0.73<br />
|change = {{decrease}}0.06<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)<br />
|candidate = Sarabjit Singh Khalsa<br />
|votes = 662<br />
|percentage = 0.7<br />
|change = {{decrease}}0.76<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 37,325<br />
|percentage = 39.45<br />
|change = {{increase}}35.75<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 94,609<br />
|percentage = 54.98<br />
|change = {{decrease}}12.72<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Aam Aadmi Party<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2022 ===<br />
<!-- this section is transcluded on Electoral history of the MLA --> <section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/><br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]: Jalandhar West<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Aam Aadmi Party<br />
|candidate = [[Sheetal Angural]]<br />
|votes = 39,213<br />
|percentage = 33.73<br />
|change = {{increase}}19.69<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Sushil Kumar Rinku]]<br />
|votes = 34,960<br />
|percentage = 30.07<br />
|change = {{decrease}}19.26<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Mohinder Bhagat]]<br />
|votes = 33,486<br />
|percentage = 28.81<br />
|change = {{decrease}}4.68<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Anil Meena<br />
|votes = 4,125<br />
|percentage = 3.55<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)<br />
|candidate = Jasbir Singh Mann<br />
|votes = 1,701<br />
|percentage = 1.46<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above]]<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = 921<br />
|percentage = 0.79<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 4,253<br />
|percentage = 3.7<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,16,247<br />
|percentage = 67.70<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Aam Aadmi Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br />
{{Election box end}} <section end="Assembly Election 2022"/><br />
<br />
=== 2017 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]: Jalandhar West<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Sushil Kumar Rinku]]<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 53,983<br />
|percentage = 49.33<br />
|change = {{increase}}9.83<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Mohinder Bhagat]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 36,649<br />
|percentage = 33.49<br />
|change = {{decrease}}16.51<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Darshan Lal Bhagat<br />
|party = Aam Aadmi Party<br />
|votes = 15,364<br />
|percentage = 14.04<br />
|change = new<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Surinder Mahey<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|votes = 1,345<br />
|percentage = 1.23<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above]]<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = 1,155<br />
|percentage = 1.06<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 17,334<br />
|percentage = 15.8<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,09,439<br />
|percentage = 72.80<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2012 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]: Jalandhar West<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Chuni Lal Bhagat]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 48,207<br />
|percentage = 51.30<br />
|change = {{increase}}1.30<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Suman Kaypee<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 36,864<br />
|percentage = 39.02<br />
|change = {{decrease}}0.48<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Bachan Lal<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 4,692<br />
|percentage = 15.0<br />
|change = {{increase}}9.20<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes =11,343<br />
|percentage = 12.08<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 93,891<br />
|percentage = 68.8<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2007 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]: Jalandhar West<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Chuni Lal Bhagat]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 56,775<br />
|percentage = 50.00<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Mohinder Singh Kaypee]]<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 44,860<br />
|percentage = 39.50<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Raj Kumar Hans<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 6,546<br />
|percentage = 5.8<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes =11,915<br />
|percentage = 10.49<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,13,540<br />
|percentage = 66.6<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]<br />
* [[Jalandhar district]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Election results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}<br />
{{coord|31.33|75.53|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Jalandhar district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Jalandhar]]<br />
[[Category:2012 establishments in Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2012]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajahmundry_City_Assembly_constituency&diff=528375Rajahmundry City Assembly constituency2026-04-19T19:33:33Z<p>Roexpertindia: Put up basic location added tags</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Rajahmundry City<br />
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (50-Rajahmundry City highlighted).png<br />
| map_caption = Location of Rajahmundry City Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh<br />
| mla = [[Adireddy Srinivas]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| district = [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency|Rajahmundry]]<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| electors = 253,087<br />
| established = 2008<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 50<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rajahmundry City Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[East Godavari district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> In 2025/early 2026 administrative reorganization which confirmed Rajahmundry as the permanent headquarters for the streamlined East Godavari district.<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Sambasiva Rao |date=2025-11-26 |title=Reorganised districts to guide Census and future delimitation in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/reorganised-districts-to-guide-census-and-future-delimitation-in-andhra-pradesh/article70326627.ece |access-date=2026-03-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=19, 30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> The constituency is formed from Wards 7 to 35 and 42 to 89 of the [[Rajahmundry Municipal Corporation]]<ref name="constituencies" /><br />
<br />
[[Adireddy Bhavani|Adireddy Srinivas]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Assembly Election 2019 |url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 2008, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (2008)''.<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" <br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan="2" | Political party<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br />
| Routhu Surya Prakasa Rao<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br />
| [[Akula Satyanarayana]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<br />
| [[Adireddy Bhavani]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
| [[Adireddy Srinivas]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
<br />
=== 2024 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rajahmundry City<ref name="2024 Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results - Rajahmundry City">{{cite news|publisher=Election Commission of India|title=2024 Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results - Rajahmundry City|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0150.htm|accessdate=10 June 2024|date=4 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610130301/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0150.htm|archivedate=10 June 2024}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Adireddy Srinivas]]|votes=1,23,291|percentage=67.69|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=[[Margani Bharat]]|votes=51,887|percentage=28.49|change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Boda Lakshmi Venkata Prasanna|votes=1,918|percentage=1.05|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None Of The Above|votes=1,569|percentage=0.86|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=71,404|percentage=39.2|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,82,151|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Telugu Desam Party <br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2019 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rajahmundry City}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Telugu Desam Party<br />
|candidate = [[Adireddy Bhavani]]<br />
|votes = 83,702<br />
|percentage = 49.94<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Routu Surya Prakasa Rao|votes=53,637|percentage=32.00|change=-1.57}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|{{Adireddy Bhavani}}|party=Janasena Party|candidate=Atthi Satyanarayana|votes=23,096|percentage=13.78|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Bommula Dattu|votes=3,003|percentage=1.79|change=-48.45}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=1,369|percentage=0.82|change=N/A}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=30,065|percentage=18.50|change=1.83}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,67,604|percentage=66.34|change=-2.60}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Telugu Desam Party<br />
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2014 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rajahmundry City}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Akula Satyanarayana]]|votes=79,531|percentage=50.24|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Bommana Raj Kumar|votes=53,154|percentage=33.57|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=26,377|percentage=16.67|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=158,317|percentage=68.94|change=+3.30}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2009 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rajahmundry City}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Routu Surya Prakasa Rao|votes=41,369|percentage=31.12|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Gorantla Butchaiah Chowdary]]|votes=40,085|percentage=30.16|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=Challa Sankara Rao|votes=39,384|percentage=29.63|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=1,284|percentage=0.96|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=132,926|percentage=65.64|change=}}<br />
{{Election box new seat win|<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== Development ==<br />
In 2025 and early 2026, the constituency saw significant investment in higher education and riverfront infrastructure. Specifically, ₹6.3 crore was allocated for new academic buildings at the Government Arts College (Autonomous) and major renovations were launched for the Godavari river ghats in preparation for the 2027 Godavari Pushkarams.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tippana 10237 |first=Appala Naidu |date=2025-10-24 |title=Ghats will be developed along 4.7-kilometre stretch of river Godavari, says Collector |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ghats-will-be-developed-along-47-kilometre-stretch-of-river-godavari-says-collector/article70198450.ece |access-date=2026-03-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Coord|17.00|81.80|display=title}}<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:East Godavari district]]<br />
[[Category:2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Rajahmundry]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navdeep_Singh_(athlete)&diff=521265Navdeep Singh (athlete)2026-04-19T18:20:12Z<p>Roexpertindia: adding basic bio nd citations...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Paralympian (born 2000)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}<br />
{{infobox sportsperson<br />
| name = Navdeep Singh<br />
| image = Navdeep Singh in September 2024.jpg<br />
| caption = Singh in 2024<br />
| full_name = Navdeep Singh Sheoran<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|2000|11|11}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Panipat]], [[Haryana]], India<br />
| alma_mater = [[Sri Venkateswara College]]<br />
| sport = [[Para-athletics]]<br />
| disability_class = [[T41 (classification)|F41]]<br />
| coach = [[Vipin Kasana]]<br />
| paralympics = [[2024 Summer Paralympics|2024 Paris]]: {{Gold1}}<br>[[2020 Summer Paralympics|2020 Tokyo]]: 4th<br />
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[para-athletics]]}}<br />
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Paralympic Games]]}}[[File:IPC logo (2019).svg|center|40px]]<br />
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Summer Paralympics|2024 Paris]]|[[Athletics at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Men's javelin throw#F41|Javelin throw F41]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Para Athletics Championships|World Championships]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 World Para Athletics Championships|2025 New Delhi]]|[[2025 World Para Athletics Championships – Men's javelin throw#F41|Javelin throw F41]]}}<br />
{{MedalBronze|[[2024 World Para Athletics Championships|2024 Kobe]]|[[2024 World Para Athletics Championships – Men's javelin throw#F41|Javelin throw F41]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Youth Para Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[2017 Asian Youth Para Games|2017 Dubai]]|[[Javelin throw|Javelin throw F41]]}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Navdeep Singh Sheoran''' (born 11 November 2000) is an Indian [[para-athlete|para]] [[javelin throw]]er.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-04 |title=Tokyo Paralympics: Javelin thrower Navdeep finishes fourth in F41 event |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/olympics/tokyo-paralympics/navdeep-javelin-throw-finished-fourth-f41-event-tokyo-paralympic-news/article36289167.ece |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> He won the gold medal at the [[2024 Paralympics|2024 Paris Paralympics]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-09-07 |title=Paris 2024 Paralympics: Navdeep's silver medal upgraded after gold medallist Sadegh Beit Sayah of Iran gets disqualified |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/olympics/paris-paralympics-2024/news/navdeep-singh-silver-medal-upgraded-gold-paris-2024-paralympics-iran-beit-sayah-disqualified-men-javelin-throw-f41-final/article68617543.ece/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> He is also a silver and bronze medalist at the [[World Para Athletics Championships|World Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-07 |title=Who is Navdeep? India's 1st Paralympic medallist in F41 category |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/paralympics/story/who-is-navdeep-indias-1st-paralympic-medallist-in-f41-category-2595757-2024-09-07 |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Navdeep Singh hails from [[Panipat]], [[Haryana]], India.<ref name="FP">{{cite news |title=Navdeep Singh: Once ridiculed for height, income tax inspector wins India's seventh gold at Paralympics 2024 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/paralympics-2024-navdeep-singh-disability-story-sadegh-beit-sayah-13812985.html |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=8 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908075337/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/paralympics-2024-navdeep-singh-disability-story-sadegh-beit-sayah-13812985.html |archive-date=8 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
In 2017, Singh won the gold medal for India in the men's javelin F41 event at [[Asian Youth Para Games]], [[Dubai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Para Athletics: Navdeep, Arvind win 2 quotas, India win 4 gold |url=http://www.imdb.com/news/ni63194331 |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=IMDb}}</ref> He proceeded to win the gold medal at the World Para Athletics Grand Prix 2021 in Dubai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-13 |title=Navdeep, Arvind win gold to secure quotas for Tokyo Paralympic Games |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/navdeep-arvind-win-gold-to-secure-quotas-for-tokyo-paralympic-games-7187259/ |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Para Athletics: Navdeep, Arvind win 2 quotas, India win 4 gold |url=https://www.morungexpress.com/world-para-athletics-navdeep-arvind-win-2-quotas-india-win-4-gold |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=MorungExpress}}</ref><br />
<br />
Singh finished fourth in javelin throw F41 at the [[2020 Summer Paralympics|2020 Tokyo Paralympics]]. He won the gold medal at the [[2024 Paralympics|2024 Paris Paralympics]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-08 |title=Once taunted for his height, javelin thrower Navdeep Singh wins India's seventh gold |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/paris-paralympics-taunted-height-javelin-throw-navdeep-singh-india-7th-gold-9555641/lite/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Athletics in India]]<br />
* [[India at the 2020 Summer Paralympics|Indian at 2020 Summer Paralympics]]<br />
* [[India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics|Indian at 2024 Summer Paralympics]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IPC athlete|id=navdeep}}<br />
*<br />
<br />
{{Paralympic medalists for India|state=collapsed}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{India-athletics-bio-stub}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Navdeep}}<br />
[[Category:2000 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Paralympic athletes for India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian men javelin throwers]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes from Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Track and field athletes with disabilities]]<br />
[[Category:Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Paralympics]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]]<br />
[[Category:Paralympic gold medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]<br />
{{India-Paralympic-medalist-stub}}</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tizit_Assembly_constituency&diff=541601Tizit Assembly constituency2026-04-16T04:42:40Z<p>Roexpertindia: stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| map_image = Tizit Assembly constituency map.svg<br />
| name = Tizit<br />
| state = [[Nagaland]]<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| district = [[Mon district|Mon]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]]<br />
| established = 1974<br />
| constituency_no = 41<br />
| reservation = ST<br />
| mla = [[P. Paiwang Konyak]]<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:20696}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Tizit''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=Nagaland Legislative Assembly |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
It is part of [[Mon district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|- <br />
| [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1974]] || P. Enyei Konyak || {{Full party name with color|Nagaland Nationalist Organisation}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || P. K. Along || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || rowspan=2 | N. Yeangphong Konyak || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1987]] <br />
|- <br />
| [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || Yeangphong || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || B. Tingkap Wangnao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || Tingkup <br />
|- <br />
| [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || N. Yeangphong Konyak || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Aloh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan=3 | [[P. Paiwang Konyak]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]] <br />
|- <br />
| [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]] <br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
=== 2023 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tizit<ref>{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042608/https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |archive-date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. Paiwang Konyak]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,428 |percentage=52.99% |change=11.86%}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Thomas Konyak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,825 |percentage=29.60% |change=29.21% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tahwang Angh |party=Naga People's Front |votes=3,374 |percentage=17.15% |change=10.72% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=52 |percentage=0.26% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,603 |percentage=23.39% |change=9.33% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,679 |percentage=95.09% |change= 1.45% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,696 |change =14.17% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= 11.86% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 2018 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tizit<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3652-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2018/?do=download&r=8575&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=0b619cd94134dd7b05162acdebe1ba9f|title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2018 - Nagaland - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |date= |author= |accessdate= December 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. Paiwang Konyak]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,981 |percentage=41.13% |change=-5.79% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Y. Wangto Konyak |party=Independent politician |votes=4,595 |percentage=27.07% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Hatpha Wangnao |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=4,169 |percentage=24.56% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khongjah Konyak |party=Naga People's Front |votes=1,091 |percentage=6.43% |change=-22.97% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=70 |percentage=0.41% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naowang Konyak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=67 |percentage=0.39% |change=-10.98% }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,386 |percentage=14.06% |change=-3.47% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,973 |percentage=93.63% |change= 1.67% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,127 |change =-1.81% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= -5.79% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 2013 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tizit<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. Paiwang Konyak]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,967 |percentage=46.92% |change=45.99% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aloh |party=Naga People's Front |votes=4,991 |percentage=29.40% |change=-8.01% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hatpha Wangnao |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=2,085 |percentage=12.28% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Penkham Konyak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,932 |percentage=11.38% |change=-39.00% }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,976 |percentage=17.53% |change=4.56% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,979 |percentage=91.97% |change= 3.11% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,462 |change =-2.34% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -3.46% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 2008 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tizit<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Aloh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,463 |percentage=50.38% |change=22.38% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tingkup |party=Naga People's Front |votes=6,284 |percentage=37.41% |change=-1.91% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yeangphong |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=1,981 |percentage=11.79% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khongwang |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=156 |percentage=0.93% |change=-1.12% }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,179 |percentage=12.97% |change=3.26% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,798 |percentage=89.31% |change= -7.83% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,904 |change =33.02% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 11.06% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 2003 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tizit<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Yeangphong Konyak |party=Naga People's Front |votes=5,387 |percentage=39.32% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aloh Wangham |party=Nationalist Democratic Movement |votes=4,056 |percentage=29.60% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tingkup |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,837 |percentage=28.01% |change=-23.05% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khongwang |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=281 |percentage=2.05% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arun |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=140 |percentage=1.02% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,331 |percentage=9.71% |change=7.61% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,701 |percentage=96.69% |change= 8.70% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,211 |change =5.52% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.39% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1998 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tizit<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128160926/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 9th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 1998 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tingkup |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,000 |percentage=51.05% |change=11.34% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yeangphong |party=Independent politician |votes=5,753 |percentage=48.95% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=247 |percentage=2.10% |change=-3.19% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,753 |percentage=87.99% |change= -8.07% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,467 |change =-3.63% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 11.34% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1993 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tizit}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Tingkap Wangnao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,308 |percentage=39.71% |change=-6.16% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aloh |party=Independent politician |votes=4,601 |percentage=34.42% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yeangphong |party=Naga People's Front |votes=3,459 |percentage=25.88% |change=-28.26% }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=707 |percentage=5.29% |change=-2.97% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,368 |percentage=96.06% |change= 1.50% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,974 |change =36.15% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -14.42% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1989 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tizit}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Yeangphong |party=Naga People's Front |votes=5,149 |percentage=54.13% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Tingkap Wangnao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,363 |percentage=45.87% |change=-8.44% }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=786 |percentage=8.26% |change=-10.54% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,512 |percentage=94.55% |change= 0.30% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,264 |change =0.00% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.18% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1987 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tizit}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Yeangphong Konyak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,161 |percentage=54.31% |change=13.44% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Tingkap Wangnao |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=3,374 |percentage=35.50% |change=6.54% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Khongwang Konyak |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=968 |percentage=10.19% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,787 |percentage=18.80% |change=6.90% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,503 |percentage=94.25% |change= 1.73% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,264 |change =63.57% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 13.44% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1982 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tizit}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Yeangphong Konyak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,334 |percentage=40.87% |change=9.43% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. K. Along |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=1,654 |percentage=28.96% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tingkap |party=Independent politician |votes=1,010 |percentage=17.69% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khongwang Konyak |party=Independent politician |votes=713 |percentage=12.48% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=680 |percentage=11.91% |change=7.11% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,711 |percentage=92.53% |change= 6.21% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,275 |change =18.11% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= 4.63% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1977 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tizit}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=P. K. Along |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,632 |percentage=36.23% |change=-2.18% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mankho |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,416 |percentage=31.44% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Wangkep |party=Independent politician |votes=1,144 |percentage=25.40% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khongwang |party=Independent politician |votes=312 |percentage=6.93% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=216 |percentage=4.80% |change=-5.02% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,504 |percentage=86.32% |change= 9.24% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,313 |change =21.69% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |swing= -12.00% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
=== 1974 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Tizit}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Enyei Konyak |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=1,553 |percentage=48.23% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chingai |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,237 |percentage=38.42% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nyangpong |party=Independent politician |votes=430 |percentage=13.35% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=316 |percentage=9.81% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,220 |percentage=77.07% |change= #VALUE! }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,366 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]<br />
* [[Mon district]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|26.9|95.08|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mon district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1974]]<br />
[[Category:1974 establishments in Nagaland]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maddur_Assembly_constituency&diff=514338Maddur Assembly constituency2026-04-14T03:28:44Z<p>Roexpertindia: adding some post v1</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
|name = Maddur<br />
|state = [[Karnataka]]<br />
|type= SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 187<br />
| map_image = 187-Maddur constituency.svg<br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
|district = [[Mandya district|Mandya]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Mandya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandya]]<br />
|established = 1951<br />
|electors = {{formatnum:213854}} (2023)<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}<br />
|reservation = None<br />
|mla = [[K. M. Udaya]]<br />
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
|preceded_by = D. C. Thammanna<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Maddur Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 constituencies in the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] of [[Karnataka]], a southern state of [[India]]. It is also part of [[Mandya Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= 9 October 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[K. M. Udaya]] [[Islam|is]] the current MLA from Maddur Assembly constituency as he won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]].<br />
<br />
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1952 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || rowspan="2" | H. K. Veeranna Gowda || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || [[S. M. Krishna]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || M. M. Gowda || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || A. D. Bili Gowda<br />
|-<br />
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || rowspan="2" | M. Manchegowda || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1984 elections in India#Karnataka|1984 By-election]] {{efn|Death of M. Manchegowda}} || Jayavani M. Manche Gowda<br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || B. Appaji Gowda || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || [[S. M. Krishna]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || Dr. M. Mahesh Chand || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || [[S. M. Krishna]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || D. C. Thammanna<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || M. S. Siddaraju || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 elections in India#Karnataka|2008 By-election]] {{efn|Resigned on 03/04/2013}} || Kalpana M. S. Siddaraju<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan="2" | D. C. Thammanna<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[K. M. Udaya]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|}<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10187.htm?ac=187|title=General election to Vidhan Sabha trends & results May-2023|website=ECI}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. M. Udaya]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 87,019 |percentage = 47.45% |change = {{increase}}15.37 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. C. Thammanna |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 62,906 |percentage = 34.30% |change = {{decrease}}29.18 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. P. Swamy |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 28,996 |percentage = 15.81% |change = {{increase}}13.39 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ananda |party = Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 1,188 |percentage = 0.65% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 753 |percentage = 0.41% |change = {{decrease}}0.37 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,113 |percentage = 13.15% |change = {{decrease}}18.25 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 183,462 |percentage = 85.79% |change = {{increase}}1.99 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 183,390}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 213,854 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.08 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{decrease}}16.03 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2018 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/2018-election-results.html|title=List of Successful Candidates in Karnataka Assembly Election in 2018|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = D. C. Thammanna |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 109,239 |percentage = 63.48% |change = {{increase}}13.18 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhu. G. Madegowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 55,209 |percentage = 32.08% |change = {{increase}}1.64 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madduru Sathisha |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 4,159 |percentage = 2.42% |change = {{increase}}1.34 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,350 |percentage = 0.78% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 54,030 |percentage = 31.40% |change = {{increase}}11.54 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 172,187 |percentage = 83.80% |change = {{increase}}4.35 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 172,095}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 205,471 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.42 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{increase}}13.18 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2013 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = D. C. Thammanna |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 80,926 |percentage = 50.30% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhu. G. Madegowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 48,968 |percentage = 30.44% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kalpana Siddaraju |party = Independent politician |votes = 15,797 |percentage = 9.82% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkatesha |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,840 |percentage = 1.77% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Boraiah H. H. Swamy |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,843 |percentage = 1.15% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vanajakshi Ramaraju |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,745 |percentage = 1.08% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kumara |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,482 |percentage = 0.92% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 31,958 |percentage = 19.86% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 156,338 |percentage = 79.45% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 160,892}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 196,781 |ref = |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly By-election 2008 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 elections in India#Karnataka|2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web |url=https://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/13assemblymemberslist.htm |title=Thirteenth Karnataka Legislative Assembly |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=kla.kar.nic.in |publisher=[[]] |archive-date= 6 Apr 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406163649/https://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/13assemblymemberslist.htm}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kalpana M. S. Siddaraju |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = |percentage = |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{decrease}}36.85 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2008 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. S. Siddaraju |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 49,954 |percentage = 36.85% |change = {{increase}}25.30 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. C. Thammanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 42,364 |percentage = 31.25% |change = {{decrease}}7.30 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhu. G. Madegowda |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 36,967 |percentage = 27.27% |change = {{increase}}9.74 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivaramaiah |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,451 |percentage = 1.81% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Shivananda |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,910 |percentage = 1.41% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. R. Chandrashekaraiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,084 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. C. Puttaraju |party = Independent politician |votes = 843 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,590 |percentage = 5.60% |change = {{decrease}}5.01 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 135,642 |percentage = 75.39% |change = {{increase}}6.13 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 135,573}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 179,929 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.22 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.70 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = D. C. Thammanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 38,991 |percentage = 38.55% |change = {{decrease}}20.65 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Siddaraju Ms |party = Independent politician |votes = 28,256 |percentage = 27.94% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. M. Mahesh Chand |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 17,729 |percentage = 17.53% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vivekanand. B |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 11,683 |percentage = 11.55% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. Ashok |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,670 |percentage = 2.64% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. C. Chikkaiah |party = Urs Samyuktha Paksha |votes = 1,112 |percentage = 1.10% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dinesh Babu. B. C |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 699 |percentage = 0.69% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,735 |percentage = 10.61% |change = {{decrease}}20.03 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 101,140 |percentage = 69.26% |change = {{decrease}}6.86 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 101,140}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 146,021 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.79 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}20.65 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1999 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. M. Krishna]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 56,907 |percentage = 59.20% |change = {{increase}}21.87 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. M. Mahesh Chand |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 27,448 |percentage = 28.55% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. Ashok |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 11,775 |percentage = 12.25% |change = {{decrease}}6.82 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 29,459 |percentage = 30.64% |change = {{increase}}27.17 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 100,329 |percentage = 76.12% |change = {{decrease}}2.49 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 96,130}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,132 |percentage = 4.12% |change = {{increase}}2.99 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 131,800 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.69 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{increase}}18.40 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1994 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. M. Mahesh Chand |party = Janata Dal |votes = 40,695 |percentage = 40.80% |change = {{increase}}39.00 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. M. Krishna]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 37,231 |percentage = 37.33% |change = {{decrease}}5.35 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. Srinivasu |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 19,016 |percentage = 19.07% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. Chaluvaiah @ Chaluve Gowda |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,560 |percentage = 1.56% |change = {{increase}}0.97 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. C. Chikkaiah |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 737 |percentage = 0.74% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,464 |percentage = 3.47% |change = {{decrease}}11.33 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 100,897 |percentage = 78.61% |change = {{increase}}2.17 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 99,736}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,143 |percentage = 1.13% |change = {{decrease}}3.33 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 128,351 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.47 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.88 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1989 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. M. Krishna]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 37,935 |percentage = 42.68% |change = {{decrease}}3.71 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. Srinivasu |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 24,784 |percentage = 27.88% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. S. Siddaraju |party = Janata Party |votes = 17,520 |percentage = 19.71% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. P. Umeshbabu Patel |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,607 |percentage = 6.31% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. P. Ramu |party = Janata Dal |votes = 1,603 |percentage = 1.80% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,151 |percentage = 14.80% |change = {{increase}}10.26 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 93,031 |percentage = 76.44% |change = {{increase}}3.06 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 88,880}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,151 |percentage = 4.46% |change = {{increase}}3.48 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 121,698 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.48 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}8.25 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1985 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. Appaji Gowda |party = Janata Party |votes = 37,381 |percentage = 50.93% |change = {{increase}}9.76 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jayavani M. Manche Gowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 34,047 |percentage = 46.39% |change = {{decrease}}8.95 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankaraiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 649 |percentage = 0.88% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Parvathamallaiah |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 533 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,334 |percentage = 4.54% |change = {{decrease}}9.63 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 74,120 |percentage = 73.38% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 73,391}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 729 |percentage = 0.98% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 101,010 |ref = |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}4.41 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly By-election 1984 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1984 elections in India#Karnataka|1984 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jayavani M. Manche Gowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,665 |percentage = 55.34% |change = {{increase}}4.35 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. P. Srikantegowda |party = Janata Party |votes = 30,253 |percentage = 41.17% |change = {{increase}}25.43 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. L. Gangadhar |party = Lokdal |votes = 1,687 |percentage = 2.30% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,412 |percentage = 14.17% |change = {{decrease}}6.83 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 73,486}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}4.35 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1983 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. Manchegowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,600 |percentage = 50.99% |change = {{increase}}32.94 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. Channegowda |party = Independent politician |votes = 19,758 |percentage = 29.98% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Appaji Gowda |party = Janata Party |votes = 10,371 |percentage = 15.74% |change = {{decrease}}41.42 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. T. Shreenivasa Gowda |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,572 |percentage = 2.39% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. T. Indu Kumar |party = Independent politician |votes = 412 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,842 |percentage = 21.00% |change = {{decrease}}13.61 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 66,846 |percentage = 76.55% |change = {{decrease}}6.09 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,900}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 946 |percentage = 1.42% |change = {{increase}}0.05 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,324 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.19 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}6.17 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1978 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. Manchegowda |party = Janata Party |votes = 37,261 |percentage = 57.16% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. D. Bili Gowda |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 14,700 |percentage = 22.55% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. K. Chikkanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,765 |percentage = 18.05% |change = {{decrease}}30.49 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Narasimbhegowda |party = Independent politician |votes = 492 |percentage = 0.75% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. N. Krishnasetty |party = Independent politician |votes = 416 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 22,561 |percentage = 34.61% |change = {{increase}}27.40 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 66,090 |percentage = 82.64% |change = {{increase}}10.50 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,184}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 906 |percentage = 1.37% |change = {{increase}}1.37 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,976 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}0.08 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}8.62 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1972 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = A. D. Bili Gowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,550 |percentage = 48.54% |change = {{decrease}}3.62 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Manchegowda |party = Independent politician |votes = 23,458 |percentage = 41.33% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Raju |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 4,940 |percentage = 8.70% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. T. Srinivasagowda |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 807 |percentage = 1.42% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,092 |percentage = 7.21% |change = {{decrease}}1.31 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 57,738 |percentage = 72.14% |change = {{decrease}}11.46 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,755}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,038 |ref = |change = {{increase}}22.50 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.62 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1967 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. M. Gowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,148 |percentage = 52.16% |change = {{increase}}6.12 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. M. Krishna]] |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 22,714 |percentage = 43.64% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Challavenkateshu |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,189 |percentage = 4.21% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,434 |percentage = 8.52% |change = {{increase}}4.48 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 54,620 |percentage = 83.60% |change = {{increase}}2.77 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 52,051}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,338 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.54 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}2.09 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1962 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. M. Krishna]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 24,269 |percentage = 50.07% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. K. Veeranna Gowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,313 |percentage = 46.04% |change = {{decrease}}13.76 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mallaiah |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 1,884 |percentage = 3.89% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,956 |percentage = 4.04% |change = {{decrease}}15.55 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 50,521 |percentage = 80.83% |change = {{increase}}19.37 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,466}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,500 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.71 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}9.73 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1957 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. K. Veeranna Gowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,187 |percentage = 59.80% |change = {{decrease}}6.81 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. K. Chikkanna |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 12,900 |percentage = 40.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,287 |percentage = 19.59% |change = {{decrease}}13.62 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 32,087 |percentage = 61.46% |change = {{decrease}}5.88 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 32,087}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,209 |ref = |change = {{increase}}40.02 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}6.81 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Maddur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007130946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. K. Veeranna Gowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,724 |percentage = 66.61% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. C. Malliah |party = Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes = 8,385 |percentage = 33.39% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,339 |percentage = 33.21% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 25,109 |percentage = 67.34% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 25,109}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 37,286 |ref = |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Mandya district]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}<br />
{{coord|12.59|77.04|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Mandya district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharat_Jodo_Nyay_Yatra&diff=490877Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra2026-04-12T23:15:13Z<p>Roexpertindia: made a stub - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2024 Indian political movement}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox event<br />
| title = Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra<br />
| image = Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra logo & slogan.jpg<br />
| date = {{start date|2024|01|14|df=yes}} – {{end date|2024|03|16|df=yes}}<br />
| duration = 62 days<br />
| Location = India<br />
| also known as = Nyay Yatra<br />
| type = [[Political demonstration]], [[protest]]<br />
| theme = [[Political movement]], [[social movement]]<br />
| cause = Economic problems and social disharmony<br />
| motive = To fight against injustices such as unemployment, inflation, the rich-poor divide and issues related to farmers.<ref name="Devesh Kumar">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Devesh |title=Rahul Gandhi to hit the road again: Bharat Nyay Yatra explained in numbers |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/bharat-nyay-yatra-rahul-gandhi-pm-modi-lok-sabha-elections-2024-mallikarjun-kharge-india-alliance-congress-bjp-11703782034767.html |access-date=30 December 2023 |work=mint |date=29 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230011953/https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/bharat-nyay-yatra-rahul-gandhi-pm-modi-lok-sabha-elections-2024-mallikarjun-kharge-india-alliance-congress-bjp-11703782034767.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| organizers = [[Indian National Congress]], [[Rahul Gandhi]]<br />
| participants = Politicians, citizens, civil society organisations, political activists<br />
| website = {{URL|https://bharatjodonyayyatra.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra''' ({{Literal translation|Uniting India for Justice March}}),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shankar |first=Priyanka |title=Can India's Rahul Gandhi defeat Narendra Modi with 'unity marches'? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/19/indias-rahul-gandhi-ends-unity-march-with-huge-election-rally-in-mumbai |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |quote=At the heart of the opposition alliance’s efforts are long marches undertaken by Gandhi across the length and breadth of the country, to galvanise support against Modi. His Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra (Uniting India for Justice March) had culminated in Mumbai on Saturday.}}</ref> commonly referred to as the '''Nyay Yatra''' ({{Lit|Justice March}})<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-07 |title=Rahul Gandhi's Nyay Yatra enters Gujarat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/rahul-gandhi-nyay-yatra-enters-gujarat-9201673/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyay Yatra To End In Mumbai, INDIA Bloc Leaders Invited: Congress |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nyay-yatra-to-end-in-mumbai-india-bloc-leaders-invited-congress-5202094 |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> was a movement led by the [[Indian National Congress]] leader [[Rahul Gandhi]], starting on 14 January 2024 from [[Thoubal]] in [[Manipur]] and ended on 16 March 2024 in [[Mumbai]] spanning east-west of India.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 January 2024 |title=Rahul Gandhi sets off on Yatra 2.0 before Lok Sabha polls, focus on Hindi heartland states, SC, ST belts |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/rahul-gandhi-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-congress-lok-sabha-elections-hindi-sc-st-9108294/ |access-date=16 February 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> The campaign was aimed to increase the party's electoral engagement across the breadth of the country and is seen as a strategy for the [[2024 Indian general election|upcoming national elections]]. This political tour was a sequel to the [[Bharat Jodo Yatra]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Eye on Lok Sabha polls, Rahul Gandhi to launch Manipur to Mumbai Bharat Nyay Yatra on January 14 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rahul-gandhi-bharat-nyay-yatra-january-14-manipur-to-mumbai-9084383/ |access-date=30 December 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=27 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230084650/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rahul-gandhi-bharat-nyay-yatra-january-14-manipur-to-mumbai-9084383/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Congress Leader Rahul Gandhi to Start Bharat Nyay Yatra from Manipur to Mumbai on January 14 |url=https://thewire.in/politics/congress-leader-rahul-gandhi-to-start-bharat-nyay-yatra-on-january-14 |access-date=30 December 2023 |work=The Wire |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230084650/https://thewire.in/politics/congress-leader-rahul-gandhi-to-start-bharat-nyay-yatra-on-january-14 |url-status=live }}</ref> Unlike the last time though, the Yatra was not done entirely on foot and instead was done in hybrid mode.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Want to travel with Rahul Gandhi on 'Mohabbat Ki Dukaan' bus? Get a 'special ticket' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rahul-gandhi-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-bus-mohabbat-ki-dukaan-bus-2489179-2024-01-16 |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> For the longer parts of the journey, the party used buses. The change was due to time constraint imposed by the upcoming [[2024 Indian general election|general election]].<br />
<br />
The Congress Party had said that the initial ''Bharat Jodo Yatra'' brought attention to economic disparity, societal division, and an autocratic approach to governance. In contrast, the upcoming ''Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra'' would prioritize the pursuit of social, economic, and political justice for the nation's citizens.<ref name="Sandeep Phukan">{{cite news |last1=Phukan |first1=Sandeep |title=Rahul Gandhi to lead Bharat Nyay Yatra across 14 States |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-leader-rahul-gandhi-to-lead-bharat-nyay-yatra-across-14-states/article67679021.ece |access-date=30 December 2023 |work=The Hindu |date=27 December 2023 |language=en-IN |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230084650/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-leader-rahul-gandhi-to-lead-bharat-nyay-yatra-across-14-states/article67679021.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The slogan (tagline) of the Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra was ''Nyay Ka Haq Milne Tak'' ("Until we get our right to justice").<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-06 |title=Congress unveils logo, slogan and aim of Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra: Key points |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-congress-unveils-logo-slogan-and-aim-of-6000-km-long-march-11704531237227.html |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plan==<br />
The course of action was announced on 27 December 2023 by Congress MP and party general secretary (organisation) [[K. C. Venugopal]] after [[Congress Working Committee]]'s deliberation on 21 December 2023.<ref name="Scroll271223">{{cite news |title=Rahul Gandhi to lead two-month-long Bharat Nyay Yatra from Imphal to Mumbai |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1061228/rahul-gandhi-to-lead-two-month-long-bharat-nyay-yatra-from-imphal-to-mumbai |access-date=30 December 2023 |work=Scroll.in |date=27 December 2023 |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230084650/https://scroll.in/latest/1061228/rahul-gandhi-to-lead-two-month-long-bharat-nyay-yatra-from-imphal-to-mumbai |url-status=live }}</ref> This campaign will have Rahul Gandhi utilizing a bus for transportation, while also engaging in short walks for certain distances which would cover 14 states and 85 districts. Congress president [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] will inaugurate this political campaign, aiming to encompass a significant number of states that were previously not included in the ''Bharat Jodo Yatra'' conducted earlier. The 66-day-long journey will span a distance of 6,200 kilometers, passing through [[Manipur]], [[Nagaland]], [[Assam]], [[Meghalaya]], [[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Gujarat]] before finally concluding in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="Chandrajit Mitra">{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Chandrajit |title='Manipur To Mumbai': Rahul Gandhi's 'Bharat Nyay Yatra' From Jan 14 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/manipur-to-mumbai-rahul-gandhi-to-undertake-6-200-km-bharat-nyay-yatra-from-jan-14-4749808 |access-date=30 December 2023 |work=NDTV.com |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230084650/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/manipur-to-mumbai-rahul-gandhi-to-undertake-6-200-km-bharat-nyay-yatra-from-jan-14-4749808 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In total, the Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra aims to encompass 355 Lok Sabha seats across 6,713 kilometres (4,171 miles) which accounts for approximately 65% of the entire parliamentary seats in the nation. During the [[2019 Lok Sabha election]]s, the [[BJP]] emerged victorious in 236 out of these 355 seats, while the Congress party secured a mere 14 seats.<ref name="Devesh Kumar" /> The ''Bharat Nyay Yatra'' was rechristened as the Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra, with regard to the previous Bharat Jodo Yatra. The Congress initially had planned the march from Arunachal's Pasighat to Porbandar in Gujarat, the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi, but the [[2023 Manipur violence|ethnic violence in Manipur since May]] prompted it to change its plan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-04 |title=Cong's 'Bharat Nyay Yatra' renamed as 'Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra'. Here's why |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/congs-bharat-nyay-yatra-renamed-as-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-heres-why-101704362010258.html |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Aim==<br />
The Congress party explained the reason behind selecting Manipur as the initial destination for the yatra, stating that the objective of this campaign is to initiate the process of "mending the wounds" of the inhabitants of the northeastern state. They had recently experienced a severe bout of ethnic clashes between the [[Kuki people|Kuki]] and [[Meitei people|Meitei]] communities, which led to a staggering death toll of over 200 individuals and left approximately 60,000 individuals displaced from their homes.<ref name="Sandeep Phukan" /><ref name="Saubhadra Chatterji">{{cite news |last1=Chatterji |first1=Saubhadra |title=Rahul Gandhi to undertake Manipur-Mumbai Bharat Nyaya Yatra from January 14 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rahul-gandhi-to-undertake-manipur-mumbai-bharat-nyaya-yatra-from-january-14-101703656678452.html |access-date=30 December 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=27 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230084650/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rahul-gandhi-to-undertake-manipur-mumbai-bharat-nyaya-yatra-from-january-14-101703656678452.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The Congress party plans to emphasise and promote [[social justice]] on this ''Yatra,'' which will travel through the [[Hindi Belt|Hindi dominated states]] including [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Rajasthan]]. This is set to be achieved by addressing the issue of caste census and advocating for the [[Other Backward Class]]es (OBCs) to receive their fair and equitable share in the country's development. By prioritizing social justice, the Congress party may also aim to construct an alternative narrative to counter the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s intentions of capitalizing on the [[Ram Mandir Prana Pratishtha|inauguration of the Ram Mandir]] in [[Ayodhya]] on January 22, 2024.<ref name="Sandeep Phukan" /><br />
<br />
The matter of [[Unemployment in India|unemployment]] and [[Inflation in India|inflation]] will hold significant importance in this electoral campaign. These two factors were highlighted by Rahul Gandhi as the primary causes for the two young individuals trespassing the Parliament security and leaping into the Lok Sabha chamber from the visitors' gallery.<ref name="Sandeep Phukan" /><br />
<br />
Leaders of the Congress-led [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] are expected to support this national campaign when Rahul Gandhi reaches out to them in their own constituency.<ref name="Devesh Kumar" /><br />
<br />
More than one leader{{Who|date=January 2024}} had made headlines last year due to the exertion they faced, allegedly not being able to keep up with Rahul Gandhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra: Congress Tweaks Name Of Rahul Gandhi's March 2.0 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-congress-tweaks-name-of-rahul-gandhis-march-2-0-4799132 |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Schedule ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+All India - Tentative Yatra Schedule<br />
!State<br />
!Entry Date<br />
!Distance Covered (km)<br />
!No. of days{{Efn|Tentative figures}}<br />
! Districts Covered<br />
!Key places<br />
|-<br />
|[[Manipur]]<br />
|14 January<br />
|107<br />
|1<br />
|4<br />
|[[Thoubal]], [[Imphal]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
|15 January<br />
|257<br />
|2<br />
|5<br />
|[[Kohima]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Assam]]<br />
|18 January<br />
|833<br />
|8<br />
|17<br />
|[[Jorhat]], [[Dispur]], [[Guwahati]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
|20 January<br />
|55<br />
|1<br />
|1<br />
|[[Itanagar]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Meghalaya]]<br />
|22 January<br />
|5<br />
|1<br />
|1<br />
|[[Shillong]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br />
|25 January<br />
|523<br />
|5<br />
|7<br />
|[[Cooch Behar]], [[Siliguri]], [[Murshidabad]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Bihar]]<br />
|28 January<br />
|425<br />
|4<br />
|7<br />
|[[Kishanganj]], [[Araria]], [[Purnia]], [[Sasaram]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Jharkhand]]<br />
|2 February<br />
|804<br />
|8<br />
|13<br />
|[[Dhanbad]], [[Ranchi]], [[Jamshedpur]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Odisha]]<br />
|7 February<br />
|341<br />
|4<br />
|4<br />
|[[Jharsuguda]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Chhattisgarh]]<br />
|8 February<br />
|536<br />
|5<br />
|6<br />
|[[Raigarh]], [[Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh|Ambikapur]], [[Korba, Chhattisgarh|Korba]], [[Janjgir]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|16 February<br />
|1,074<br />
|11<br />
|20<br />
|[[Varanasi]], [[Prayagraj]], [[Amethi]], [[Raebareli]], [[Lucknow]], [[Bareilly]], [[Aligarh]], [[Agra]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
|2 March<br />
|698<br />
|7<br />
|9<br />
|[[Guna, India|Guna]], [[Ujjain]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rajasthan]]<br />
|26 February<br />
|128<br />
|1<br />
|2<br />
|[[Dholpur]], [[Banswara]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Gujarat]]<br />
|7 March<br />
|445<br />
|5<br />
|7<br />
|[[Dahod]], [[Mandvi]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br />
|12 March<br />
|479<br />
|5<br />
|6<br />
|[[Malegaon]], [[Nashik]], [[Thane]], [[Mumbai]]<br />
|-<br />
!Total<br />
!<br />
!6,713<br />
!66<br />
!109<br />
!<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Timeline ===<br />
<br />
[[File:भारत जोड़ो न्याय यात्रा.jpg|thumb|Attendees proudly display banners at the gathering]]<br />
<br />
==== Week 1 (14-20 January) ====<br />
Congress leader Rahul Gandhi flagged off the Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra at [[Thoubal]] in [[Manipur]] state. Addressing a meeting at the launch, he attacked the BJP over its handling of the [[2023–2024 Manipur violence|Manipur crisis]] and said that the crisis was a result of the BJP's ideology and hatred. Party president Kharge criticised prime minister Modi, whom he accused of using the [[Ram temple|Ram temple inauguration]] for electoral gains.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-14 |title=Rahul Gandhi's Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra begins: In mandir season, Congress says BJP using Ram for votes |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/rahul-gandhi-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-manipur-mallikarjun-kharge-9109292/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The yatra entered Nagaland the following day. On 17 January, at [[Mokokchung]], Gandhi attacked PM Modi again, accusing him of being unable to solve the [[Ethnic conflict in Nagaland|Naga political crisis]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-17 |title=Rahul Gandhi accuses BJP-RSS of attacking different cultures |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-rahul-gandhi-in-nagaland-says-pm-modi-did-nothing-for-nine-years-to-solve-political-issue/article67748195.ece |access-date=2024-02-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 18 January, the yatra entered [[Sivasagar]] in [[Assam]], where Gandhi termed the state chief minister [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]] of being "the most corrupt chief minister in India". Sarma hit back, dubbing the Yatra as "[[Miya people|''miya'']] yatra", a discriminatory label<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dasgupta |first=Sneharshi |date=2022-10-29 |title=The Politics of Identity in Assam: Deaths, Defiance, and Doubtful Voters |url=https://www.travellersuniversity.org/post/the-politics-of-identity-in-assam |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=TravellersUniversity |language=en}}</ref> against [[Bengali Muslims]] in Assam.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-18 |title=Rahul terms Himanta Biswa 'the most corrupt Chief Minister' in the country |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-assam-cm-most-corrupt-in-india-rahul-gandhi/article67751244.ece |access-date=2024-02-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Gandhi entered [[Arunachal Pradesh]] on 20 January, received by [[Arunachal Pradesh Congress Committee|APCC]] president [[Nabam Tuki]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-01-20 |title=Congress' 'Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra' enters Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-resumes-from-boginadi-in-assam/article67758780.ece |access-date=2024-02-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Week 2 (21-27 January) ====<br />
The yatra re-entered Assam on 21 January via Rajgarh in [[Biswanath district]]. Gandhi entered [[Meghalaya]] on 22 January at [[Nongpoh]], before again re-entering Assam the next day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-01-22 |title=Cong's Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra enters Meghalaya |url=https://theprint.in/india/congs-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-enters-meghalaya/1934335/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> 23 January saw a major show-off between Congress workers and [[Assam Police]] when Gandhi was stopped from entering [[Guwahati]] city limits, and a barricade erected by police to stop Gandhi from entering the city was broken by crowds.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2024-01-23 |title=Clashes erupt between Congress workers, police during Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/clashes-erupt-between-congress-workers-police-during-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-in-guwahati-11705995295048.html |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2024-01-23 |title=Assam Police book Rahul Gandhi for 'violence' during Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-stopped-from-entering-guwahati-city-triggers-clashes/article67768199.ece |access-date=2024-02-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Assam Pradesh Congress Committee|Assam Congress]] president [[Bhupen Kumar Borah]] and party MLA [[Jakir Hussain Sikdar]] sustained minor injuries in clashes with police. Gandhi was booked by Assam Police for allegedly inciting violence, to which Gandhi responded that he would not be intimidated by fake cases.<ref name=":0" /> The yatra ended up diverting its route and passed instead through Guwahati bypass.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-23 |title=Rahul Gandhi's Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra route diverted in Guwahati to 'avoid confrontation' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/rahul-gandhis-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-route-diverted-in-guwahati-to-avoid-confrontation-with-police/articleshow/107067536.cms |access-date=2024-02-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Academic and social activist [[Hiren Gohain]] condemned the "brazen violence" unleashed by police on yatra marchers.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Gandhi entered [[Cooch Behar]] in [[West Bengal]] on 25 January and said that he would fight injustice and hatred prevailing across the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rahul Gandhi's Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra enters Bengal amid INDIA bloc discord |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rahul-gandhi-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-enters-west-bengal-india-bloc-injustice-seat-sharing-mamata-banerjee-trinamool-congress-lok-sabha-polls-2493364-2024-01-25 |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Week 3 (28 January-3 February) ====<br />
Gandhi then reached [[Kishanganj]] in [[Bihar]] on 28 January, the same day Bihar chief minister [[2024 Bihar political crisis|Nitish Kumar and his party rejoined the National Democratic Alliance]]. At [[Purnia]] on 30 January, Gandhi said that Kumar had caved in and rejoined the NDA under pressure. He also said that the [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagathbandhan]] did not need the Kumar's blessings and that it would keep fighting for social justice.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tewary |first=Amarnath |date=2024-01-30 |title=Nitish Kumar caved under pressure; don't need his support: Rahul Gandhi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-reaches-purnia-on-day-2-in-bihar-rahul-to-address-rally/article67791928.ece |access-date=2024-02-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The leadership and cadre of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], including the party state secretary [[Mohammed Salim (politician)|Mohammed Salim]] joined the yatra at [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]] on 1 February.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-01 |title=Wave of CPM supporters join Yatra, Shatrup meets Rahul |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/wave-of-cpm-supporters-join-yatra-shatrup-meets-rahul-9137876/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Shiv Sahay |date=2024-02-01 |title=CPI(M) joins Congress's Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra in West Bengal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/cpim-joins-congresss-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-in-west-bengal/article67801793.ece |access-date=2024-02-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Gandhi entered [[Pakur]] in [[Jharkhand]] on 2 February.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-27 |title=Congress' 'Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra' to enter Jharkhand on Feb 2 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/congress-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-to-enter-jharkhand-on-feb-2/articleshow/107181691.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-12 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Week 4 (4-10 February) ====<br />
On 6 February, Gandhi announced that he the [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|I.N.D.I.A.]] bloc would remove the 50% cap on reservation if voted to power. He also said that the BJP wanted to topple the alliance government in Jharkhand as the chief minister was a tribal, referring to [[Hemant Soren]]'s arrest and resignation as CM. He also congratulated new chief minister [[Champai Soren]] for stopping the BJP-RSS conspiracy and "protecting the government of the poor".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-03 |title=Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra Highlights: INDIA bloc will remove 50% cap on reservation, if voted to power, says Rahul Congress |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-live-updates-rahul-gandhi-9141908/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The yatra entered [[Biramitrapur]] in [[Odisha]] on 7 February, where it received a grand welcome.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-07 |title=Rahul Gandhi-led Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra enters Odisha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rahul-gandhi-led-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-enters-odisha/articleshow/107472393.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The following day, it entered [[Raigarh]] in [[Chhattisgarh]] where it took a two-day break. The yatra resumed on 10 February and later passed through [[Sakti district|Sakti]], [[Korba district|Korba]], [[Surajpur district|Surajpur]], and [[Surguja district|Surguja]] districts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-11 |title=Rahul Gandhi's Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra resumes in Chhattisgarh |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rahul-gandhis-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-resumes-in-chhattisgarh/articleshow/107598762.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-16 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Week 5 (11-17 February) ====<br />
On 13 February, in the [[2024 Indian farmers' protest|backdrop of farmers' protests]], at [[Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh|Ambikapur]] in Surguja district, Gandhi promised legal guarantee of [[Minimum support price (India)|MSP]] to farmers if the I.N.D.I.A. bloc came to power.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Congress promises 'legal guarantee' for MSP if INDIA alliance comes to power |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/bjp-lodges-farmers-in-jail-instead-of-accepting-their-just-demand-rahul-gandhi-101707830645639.html |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The yatra, which was scheduled to enter [[Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh|Balrampur]] and then traverse its second leg in Jharkhand on 14 February, was cancelled so that Gandhi could attend farmers' protests in [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2024 |title=Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra : Balrampur में Rahul की न्याय यात्रा रद्द। जानिए क्या हैं वजह.. |trans-title=Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra: Rahul's Nyay Yatra canceled in Balrampur. Know what are the reasons.. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8zpqTO9yRQ |access-date=16 February 2024 |website=IBC24 on [[YouTube]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-02-14 |title=Rahul Gandhi's Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra in Jharkhand cancelled |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/second-leg-of-rahuls-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-in-jharkhand-cancelled/article67844162.ece |access-date=2024-02-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> On 15 February, Gandhi resumed his yatra from [[Bihar]]'s [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]], where he promised a financial survey to assess the ground reality if his party comes to power.<ref>{{Cite web |title=After 'Caste Census', Rahul Gandhi Promises 'Financial Survey' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/after-caste-census-rahul-gandhi-promises-financial-survey |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> The yatra resumed from [[Sasaram]] the next day, where [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] chairperson and former state deputy CM [[Tejashwi Yadav]] joined the yatra, touring the state with Gandhi in a jeep.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rahul Gandhi tours Bihar in jeep during yatra, Tejashwi Yadav in driver's seat |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rahul-gandhi-tours-bihar-in-jeep-during-bharat-jodo-yatra-tejashwi-yadav-in-drivers-seat-2502912-2024-02-16 |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gandhi's yatra entered [[Chandauli]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] on 16 February. At Chandauli, Gandhi criticised the red carpet welcome to VVIPs at the [[Ram Lalla]] consecration ceremony at [[Ayodhya]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-17 |title=Rahul's yatra enters U.P. without Priyanka |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/rahuls-yatra-enters-u-p-without-priyanka-101708108223443.html |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Week 6 (18-24 February) ====<br />
On 17 February, Gandhi offered prayers at the [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]] in [[Varanasi]].<ref name=":1" /> The next day, the journey resumed from [[Prayagraj]] at the [[Nehru–Gandhi family|Nehru family]]'s ancestral house at Anand Bhawan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In UP's Prayagraj, Rahul Gandhi To Lead His Yatra From Nehru Family's Ancestral Home |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-ups-prayagraj-rahul-gandhi-to-lead-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-from-ancestral-home-of-nehru-family-5079417 |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> On 19 February, Gandhi reached his former constituency [[Amethi Lok Sabha constituency|Amethi]] by entering the village [[Kohra, Amethi|Kohra]], where a large number of people attended the rally.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Samanth |date=2024-04-20 |title=Time Is Running Out for Rahul Gandhi's Vision for India |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/20/magazine/rahul-gandhi-india-election-bjp.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress gets Amethi in UP seat-sharing: Rahul Gandhi vs Smriti Irani 3.0? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rahul-gandhi-smriti-irani-amethi-congress-seat-sharing-uttar-pradesh-lok-sabha-elections-2505426-2024-02-22 |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> On 20 February, in the Congress bastion of [[Raebareli Lok Sabha constituency|Rae Bareli]], Gandhi attacked the [[Government of India|central government]] over the [[Agnipath Scheme]], alleging that Agniveers were being denied the status of martyrs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-21 |title=Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra: In Raebareli, Rahul targets govt over Agniveer scheme |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-in-raebareli-rahul-targets-govt-over-agniveer-scheme-9172236/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The next day in [[Lucknow]], Gandhi targeted PM Modi over the police recruitment exam paper leak in Uttar Pradesh, saying that youngsters were being misleaded by the BJP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-21 |title=Rahul raises unemployment, paper leak issues |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/rahul-raises-unemployment-paper-leak-issues-101708457746196.html |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Week 7 (25 February-2 March) ====<br />
[[Samajwadi Party]] supremo [[Akhilesh Yadav]] joined Gandhi's yatra on 25 February, after the two parties [[List of Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates for the 2024 Indian general election#Uttar Pradesh|solved the deadlock]] in seat-sharing for the upcoming Lok Sabha elections.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-25 |title=Akhilesh Yadav to join Rahul Gandhi's Yatra in Agra: Why it's significant? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/akhilesh-yadav-to-join-rahul-gandhis-yatra-in-agra-why-its-significant-101708832530364.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
At [[Dholpur]] in [[Rajasthan]], on 26 February, Gandhi said that the women, youth, and farmers of the nation were not getting any opportunity in the development of the nation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-26 |title=Rahul's nyay yatra enters Raj, to resume on March 2 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/rahul-gandhis-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-in-rajasthan-highlighting-the-struggles-of-women-students-and-labourers/articleshow/107996856.cms |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
The yatra resumed and entered [[Morena, Madhya Pradesh|Morena]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]] on 2 March. At Morena, Gandhi promised legal guarantee of MSP and caste-based census if his party was voted to power. He also attacked the centre over the [[Agnipath Scheme]], and said that the budget that was going to defense was now in the hands of big businessman. The Congress had also promised to scrap the Agnipath Scheme as a part of its manifesto.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-26 |title=Will scrap Agnipath recruitment scheme, revert to old set-up: Congress |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/congress-will-scrap-agnipath-revert-to-old-recruitment-system-if-voted-to-power-9182247/ |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Week 8 (3-9 March) ====<br />
<br />
On 5 March, Gandhi offered prayers at [[Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga|Mahakaleshwar Temple]] in [[Ujjain]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra Live Updates: Rahul Gandhi visits Mahakaleshwar temple in Ujjain |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-live-updates-rahul-gandhi/liveblog/108186189.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref> On 7 March, he entered [[Banswara]], [[Rajasthan]] where he announced the Congress's "Youth Manifesto". He also said that the caste census is an X-ray for India, and alleged that president [[Droupadi Murmu]] was not allowed to enter the [[Ram Mandir|Ram temple]] as she was from the [[Adivasi]] community.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-07 |title=Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra Live Updates: 'Caste census is an X-ray for India,' says Rahul Gandhi in Rajasthan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-live-updates-rahul-gandhi/liveblog/108246238.cms |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The yatra entered [[Jhalod]], [[Gujarat]] on 7 March, where Gandhi criticised prime minister Modi for "waiving off ₹16 lakh crore loans" of corporate businessmen.<ref name="indianexpress.com"/> On 8 March, Gandhi addressed a gathering at [[Godhra]], and ended the day's yatra at [[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra resumes; Rahul Gandhi heads towards Gujarat's Panchmahal |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/gujarat/bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-resumes-rahul-gandhi-heads-towards-gujarats-panchmahal-2927862 |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> On 9 March at [[Bharuch]], Gandhi said that the BJP calls Adivasi people (tribals) as ''Vanavasi'' (forest dweller).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online {{!}} |first=E. T. |date=2024-03-09 |title='BJP calls Tribals as Vanvasi not Adivasi': Rahul Gandhi in Gujarat's Bharuch |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-calls-tribals-as-vanvasi-not-adivasi-rahul-gandhi-in-gujarats-bharuch/videoshow/108354303.cms |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Week 9 (10-16 March) ====<br />
Gandhi's yatra reached [[Maharashtra]] on 12 March via [[Nandurbar]], where he said that Adivasis were the original owners of the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eshwar |date=2024-03-13 |title=As Maharashtra Congress Struggles, a Gandhi Returns to Nandurbar After 14 Years |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/rahul-gandhi-congress-nandurbar-maharashtra-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-maha-vikas-aghadi-india-alliance-latest-news |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref> The yatra then entered [[Dhule]] the next day where Gandhi announced the Congress' women manifesto termed ''[[2024 Indian general election#Indian National Congress 2|Nari Nyay]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-03-13 |title=Rahul Gandhi's Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra Reaches Maharashtra's Dhule |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/rahul-gandhi-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-maharashtra-dhule-enn24031301824 |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=N. H. |date=2024-03-14 |title=Nari Nyay: Rahul Gandhi unveils 5 more guarantees |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/mahila-nyay-rahul-gandhi-unveils-5-guarantees |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref> It entered [[Thane]] on 15 March<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Prohibitory orders issued, drones banned in view of Rahul-led yatra's arrival in Thane |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/maharashtra/prohibitory-orders-issued-drones-banned-in-view-of-rahul-led-yatras-arrival-in-thane-2937259 |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra to enter Thane on March 15, Rahul Gandhi to address gathering: MLA Awhad |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/maharashtra/bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-to-enter-thane-on-march-15-rahul-gandhi-to-address-gathering-mla-awhad-2933605 |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> before concluding on 16 March at [[Mumbai]]. [[Priyanka Gandhi]], Congress leader and Gandhi's sister joined the Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra led by her brother on its last day. The yatra moved through [[Dharavi]], before ending at [[Dadar|Dadar's]] [[Chaitya Bhoomi|Chaityabhoomi]] the memorial of [[B. R. Ambedkar]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Deshpande |first1=Abhinay |title="The Hindu ePaper {{!}} Daily News and Current Affairs" |url=https://epaper.thehindu.com/reader?utm_source=Hindu&utm_medium=Menu&utm_campaign=Header |access-date=17 March 2024 |work=epaper.thehindu.com |publisher=The Hindu}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Reactions==<br />
The ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] stated that the citizens of India cannot be deceived by the creation of catchy slogans. BJP reiterated and emphasized that it is the [[Premiership of Narendra Modi|Modi-government]] which has been delivering "real nyay (justice)" since 2014.<ref name="Chandrajit Mitra" /><br />
<br />
== Crowdfunding ==<br />
The Congress party initiated crowdfunding campaign "Donate for Nyay" on 27 January 2024 to mobilize funds for the yatra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donate For NYAY - Indian National Congress |url=https://donateinc.net/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202180659/https://donateinc.net/ |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref> It collected Rs 4 crores in 4 days since start of the campaign.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yatra |first=Bharat Jodo Nyay |date=2024-02-01 |title=Donate For Nyay, Raises ₹4 Crores in 4 Days |url=https://bharatjodonyayyatra.com/nyay-diaries/donate-for-nyay-raises-%E2%82%B94-crores-in-4-days/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Nyay Diaries |language=en-US}}</ref> Several political analysts including [[Prashant Kishor]] criticized the timing of Yatra in view of [[Indian general election, 2024|upcoming general elections]] and stated that while its a good PR exercise it won't be able to benefit the congress electorally.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/prashant-kishor-finds-no-logic-in-rahul-gandhis-nyay-yatra-explains-why-101706874276326.html#:~:text=Seniorn%20Congress%20leader%20Rahul%20Gandhi,the%20Bharat%20Jodo%20Nyay%20Yatra | title=Prashant Kishor finds 'no logic' in Rahul Gandhi's Nyay Yatra. Explains why | date=2 February 2024 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Bharat Jodo Yatra]]<br />
* [[Indian National Congress campaign for the 2024 Indian general election]]<br />
*{{Annotated link|Rahul Gandhi}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{Notelist}}{{Indian general election, 2024|state=collapsed }}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2024 Indian general election]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress campaigns]]<br />
[[Category:Indian general election campaigns]]<br />
[[Category:2024 in Indian politics]]<br />
[[Category:History of the Indian National Congress]]<br />
[[Category:Rahul Gandhi]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anant_Shastra&diff=486325Anant Shastra2026-04-11T14:36:27Z<p>Roexpertindia: made stub - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian surface-to-air missile}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox weapon<br />
| name = Anant Shastra<br />
| image = Second test of DRDO QRSAM (cropped).jpg<br />
| image_size = 300<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Anant Shastra during its second flight test<br />
| type = [[Surface-to-air missile]]<br />
| origin = [[India]]<br />
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged = <br />
| is_bladed = <br />
| is_explosive = <br />
| is_artillery = <br />
| is_vehicle = <br />
| is_missile = yes<br />
| is_UK = <!-- Service history --><br />
| used_by = [[Indian Army]]<ref name="DRDO" /><br />
| wars = <!-- Production history --><br />
| designer = [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]<br />
| design_date = <br />
| manufacturer = [[Bharat Electronics]] <br />[[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]<br />
| unit_cost = <br />
| production_date = {{start date|2023}} – ''present''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=15 February 2023 |title=Aero India 2023: Indian Army orders QRSAM weapon systems |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/aero-india-2023-indian-army-orders-qrsam-weapon-systems |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=Janes.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-07-03 |title=Indigenous defence procurement worth ₹1.05 lakh crore cleared |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/government-clears-indigenous-defence-procurement-worth-105-lakh-crore/article69768700.ece |access-date=2025-07-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
| variants = <!-- General specifications --><br />
| spec_label = <br />
| weight = {{convert|270|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<br />
| length = {{convert|4.4|m|feet|abbr=on}}<ref name=":1"/><br />
| part_length = <br />
| width = <br />
| height = <br />
| diameter = {{convert|0.22|m|feet|abbr=on}}<br />
| crew = <br />
| passengers = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications --><br />
| cartridge = <br />
| cartridge_weight = <br />
| caliber = <br />
| barrels = <br />
| action = <br />
| rate = <br />
| velocity = <br />
| range = <br />
| max_range = <br />
| feed = <br />
| sights = <!-- Artillery specifications --><br />
| breech = <br />
| recoil = <br />
| carriage = <br />
| elevation = <br />
| traverse = <!-- Bladed weapon specifications --><br />
| blade_type = <br />
| hilt_type = <br />
| sheath_type = <br />
| head_type = <br />
| haft_type = <!-- Explosive specifications --><br />
| filling = [[HMX]]/[[TNT]], pre-[[Fragmentation (weaponry)|fragmented]]<br />
| filling_weight = {{convert|32|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |title=DRDO Technology Focus : Warhead for Missiles, Torpedoes and Rockets |url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-focus-documrnt/TF_May-Jun_2018_web.pdf |website=Defence Research and Development Organisation |publisher=Ministry of Defence |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref><br />
| detonation = [[Proximity fuze|Optical proximity fuze]]<br />
| yield = <!-- Vehicle/missile specifications --><br />
| armour = <br />
| primary_armament = <br />
| secondary_armament = <br />
| engine = Single stage [[rocket motor]]<br />
| engine_power = <br />
| pw_ratio = <br />
| payload_capacity = 22 [[tonne]]<br />
| transmission = <br />
| suspension = [[Leaf spring]] and [[air suspension]] with telescopic [[shock absorbers]]<br />
| clearance = <br />
| fuel_capacity = <br />
| vehicle_range = {{cvt|30-40|km}}<ref name=":5">{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Karishma |last2=Sharma |first2=Akash |title=Army To Acquire Indigenous Anant Shastra: How The Missile System Will Boost Air Defence |url=https://www.news18.com/india/army-to-acquire-indigenous-anant-shastra-how-the-missile-system-will-boost-air-defence-ws-l-9600086.html |access-date=28 September 2025 |publisher=news18.com |date=27 September 2025}}</ref><br />
| speed = <br />
| guidance = '''Mid-course:''' [[Inertial navigation system|INS]] + two-way [[datalink]] <br />'''Terminal:''' [[Active radar homing|ARH]]<br />
| steering = <!-- Missiles only --><br />
| wingspan = <br />
| propellant = [[Solid fuel]]<br />
| ceiling = <br />
| altitude = {{cvt|6-14|km|feet}}<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{cite news |title=DRDO-Developed ‘Anant Shastra’ Set to Strengthen Army Air Defence Along Northern, Western Borders |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/drdo-developed-anant-shastra-set-to-strengthen-army-air-defence-along-northern-western-borders-1503492497.html |access-date=28 September 2025 |publisher=The Statesman |date=27 September 2025}}</ref><br />
| boost = <br />
| depth = <br />
| accuracy = <br />
*80% (single fire); simultaneous engagement: 6 targets<ref>{{cite web |title=Quick Reaction Surface - To - Air Missile (QRSAM) |url=https://bdl-india.in/qrsam |publisher=Bharat Dynamics Limited |access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref><br />
*100% (dual fire)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rout |first1=Hemant Kumar |title=‘Search and kill’ missile test-fired off Odisha coast |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2017/Jun/05/search-and-kill-missile-test-fired-off-odisha-coast-1613020.html |access-date=28 September 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=5 June 2017}}</ref><br />
| launch_platform = 6 tube launcher mounted on 8 x 8 [[Ashok Leyland]] or [[Tata Motors]] [[Transporter Erector Launcher]] (TEL)<ref name="THDec20"/><br />
| transport = <!-- For all --><br />
| ref = <ref name="DRDO">{{Cite web|title=QRSAM|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/qrsam|website=www.drdo.gov.in|access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref><ref name="addr-3may16">{{cite magazine |last1=Menon |first1=Jay |title=India to develop Quick-Reaction SAM |journal=Aerospace Daily & Defense Report |date=3 May 2016 |page=4 |publisher=Aviation Week |issn=1553-8591}}</ref><ref name="complete"/><ref>{{cite web|title=QRSAM again successfully test-fired|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/qrsam-again-successfully-test-fired---.html|website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|date=24 December 2019|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2020/11/india-wraps-development-trials-for.html|title= India Wraps Development Trials For QRSAM Missile That Can Shoot Plane 25 Km Away |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
The '''''Anant Shastra''',''<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Dubey |first=Ajit |date=27 September 2025 |title=Indian Army issues Rs 30,000 Cr tender to BEL for buying 'Anant Shastra' air defence missile systems |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/indian-army-issues-rs-30000-cr-tender-to-bel-for-buying-anant-shastra-air-defence-missile-systems20250927105247/ |access-date=28 September 2025 |work=ANI}}</ref> also known as '''''Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile (QRSAM)''','' is a [[surface-to-air missile]] defense system developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]], [[Bharat Electronics Limited]], and [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]] for the [[Indian Army]],<ref name="jdw-6jun17"/> meant for protecting moving armoured columns from aerial attacks.<ref name="DRDO"/> The system also forms a part of the [[Mission Sudarshan Chakra#Integrated Air Defence Weapon System|Integrated Air Defence Weapon System]] (IADWS).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-09 |title=India to deploy indigenous air defence weapon system to protect Delhi from enemy aerial threats |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-to-deploy-indigenous-air-defence-weapon-system-to-protect-delhi-from-enemy-aerial-threats/articleshow/125873100.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-12-10 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Command and Control System is completely automated. In addition to the launcher, the missile system has two four-walled radars that provide 360-degree coverage: the Active Array Battery Surveillance Radar and the Active Array Battery Multi-function Radar. An [[Proximity fuze#Optical|optical proximity fuze]] lessens the vulnerability to jamming.<ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
As a part of a replacement program for its obsolete [[9K33 Osa#Variants|9K33M2 "Osa-AK"]] and [[2K12 Kub#Missiles|2K12E Kvadrat missile]] systems, Indian Army received a go-ahead to initiate a global acquisition program for quick-reaction surface-to-air missiles from the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] in September 2007.<ref name="addr-3may16"/> The acquisition program faced multiple issues, including poor response from vendors and re-tendering to avoid single source acquisition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raghuvanshi |first1=Vivek |title=Indian Army Seeks New Source of Surface-to-Air Missile Defense System |url=https://www.defensenews.com/home/2016/04/06/indian-army-seeks-new-source-of-surface-to-air-missile-defense-system/ |work=Defense News |date=8 August 2017}}</ref> In the meanwhile, a [[DRDO]] project to develop quick-reaction surface-to-air missiles was sanctioned in July 2014 with a budget of {{INRConvert|476.43|c|year=2014}}.<ref>{{cite press release |title=DRDO Projects |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=158007 |publisher=Press Information Bureau |date=3 February 2017}}</ref> The missile was developed in association with Bharat Electronics Limited and Bharat Dynamics Limited with both firms participating in development and manufacturing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghaswalla |first1=Amrita Nair |title=BEL's research spend up 10% of revenue |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/bels-research-spend-up-10-of-revenue/article9610597.ece |work=The Hindu Business Line |publisher=The Hindu Group |date=31 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Sushil |title=Quick Reaction Missile to be developed by BDL and DRDO |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Quick-Reaction-Missile-to-be-developed-by-BDL-and-DRDO/articleshow/52054713.cms |work=The Times of India |publisher=The Times Group |date=30 April 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Indian Army's global acquisition program was dropped in favour of the locally developed QRSAM.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Huma |date=2017-02-09 |title=India to scrap QR-SAM surface-to-air missile contract? Big setback for Make in India scheme in the offing |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/policy/economy-india-to-scrap-qr-sam-surface-to-air-missile-contract-big-setback-for-make-in-india-scheme-in-the-offing-543442/ |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05 |title=QRSAM - What You Must Know |url=https://www.indiandefensenews.in/2019/08/qrsam-what-you-must-know.html |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=indiandefensenews.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
The operational version meanwhile is awaiting production in mid-2021 after user trials.<ref name="THDec20"/> According to reports, the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|MoD]] is in the midst of deploying a multi-layered air defense network dubbed Capital Dome, which will include [[VL-SRSAM]] and Anant Shastra to defend the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]] against missiles and drones.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Basu |first=Raj |date=2025-12-26 |title=India to Fortify Delhi with Capital Dome, Integrating Indigenous Missiles and Directed Energy Weapons for Total Aerial Security |url=https://defence.in/threads/india-to-fortify-delhi-with-capital-dome-integrating-indigenous-missiles-and-directed-energy-weapons-for-total-aerial-security.16369/ |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=Defence News India |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
Anant Shastra is a compact and highly mobile [[air defence system]] mounted on [[Ashok Leyland Defence Systems]] 8x8 truck, designed to provide 360 degree defence coverage. The [[transporter erector launcher]] (TEL) of the system is developed by [[Larsen & Toubro]], while missiles are manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited. Each launcher has 6 missiles and can target 6 different targets.<ref name="THDec20" /> The Anant Shastra has [[electronic counter-countermeasure]] capabilities to remain immune to [[Radar jamming and deception|jamming]].<ref name="jdw-6jun17">{{Cite web|last=Bedi|first=Rahul|url=http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested|title=Indian DRDO-designed QRSAM successfully tested|date=6 June 2017|work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|publisher=Jane's Information Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606141337/http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested|archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref> The single-staged missile utilized by the system is propelled using [[Solid-propellant rocket|solid propellants]]. The missile is equipped with a mid-course [[inertial navigation system]] with a two-way [[data link]] and a [[DRDO]]-developed terminal active radar seeker.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-17 |title=DRDO surface-to-air missile shoots down aerial target in latest test |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/drdo-surface-to-air-missile-shoots-down-aerial-target-in-latest-test/story-XjnHy11SCLkMO7hZ724eHL.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> It is an improved active [[Ku band|Ku]], [[X band|X]] band monopulse [[Radio frequency|radio-frequency]] (RF) seeker developed by [[Research Centre Imarat|Research Center Imarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thakur |first=Vijainder K. |date=2023-04-03 |title=India's World-Beating Akash And Very Short-Range Air Defense Missiles Are Owner's Pride, Other's Envy |url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/aws-vshorads-successes-make-drdo-a-world-leader/ |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=EURASIAN TIMES |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
The missile has an [[Proximity_fuze#Optical|optical proximity fuze]] developed by [[Instruments Research and Development Establishment]], to increase accuracy and reduces its susceptibility to jamming.<ref name=":3">{{cite news |last1=Peri |first1=Dinakar |title=Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-air-defence-system-to-be-ready-for-production-next-year/article33260806.ece |access-date=9 December 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=6 December 2020}}</ref> The system has the capability to search and track targets while moving.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1597212|title=Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile successfully flight-tested off Odisha coast|date=23 December 2019|website=[[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]]|via=[[Press Information Bureau]]|access-date=23 December 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
As part of the Army's Air Defence, the Anant Shastra is built to move with offensive formations while maintaining search and track capabilities and the capacity to fire at a short notice.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2023-02-08 |title=Surface-to-air missile {{!}} DRDO working to fix a few glitches |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-to-be-tested-again-in-april/article66485697.ece |access-date=2024-09-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
Its [[command and control]] system, target acquisition and fire control are fully automated.<ref name="THDec20" /><ref name=":0" /> The surveillance and fire control radars developed by Bharat Electronics Limited, namely, the ''Active Array Battery Surveillance Radar'' (BSR) and the ''Active Array Battery Multifunction Radar'' (BMFR) are four walled, configured to provide 360 degree coverage, integrated with [[identification friend or foe]] for multiple target engagement.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="THDec20" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Saurabh |date=2025-06-09 |title=QRSAM Air Defence System To Bolster India’s Frontline, Nod Expected Soon: Report |url=https://www.news18.com/india/qrsam-air-defence-system-to-bolster-indias-frontline-nod-expected-soon-report-ws-l-9376725.html |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Both the radars have Quad Transmit Receive Modules (QTRMs). The BSR operates in [[C band (IEEE)|C-band]] with a range of {{Convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} while the BMFR operates in [[X band|X-band]] with a range of {{Convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="X-270324">{{cite twitter |number=1341693385074098178 |user=KesariDhwaj |title=the surveillance and fire-control-radar for Akash missile (pic-01) |date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2024-12-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 2015 - 2016 |url=https://mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/AR1516.pdf |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref> The Anant Shastra has a maximum range of {{cvt|30|km}} and can intercept targets flying at {{cvt|10|km}} altitude. According to DRDO, currently the Anant Shastra has 90% indigenous component, which is projected to increase 99% incrementally.<ref name="THDec20">{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2020-12-06|title=Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-air-defence-system-to-be-ready-for-production-next-year/article33260806.ece|location=New Delhi|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref> It has been interfaced with the [[Akashteer]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandit |first=Rajat |date=2025-09-28 |title=Army issues tender for highly mobile air defence system |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-issues-tender-for-highly-mobile-air-defence-system/articleshow/124188088.cms |access-date=2025-09-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Chandrashekar |date=15 August 2025 |title=Sudarshan Chakra' To Protect Our Skies. India's 'Iron Dome' Explained |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-independence-day-speech-sudarshan-chakra-indias-iron-dome-operation-sindoor-9090904 |access-date=15 August 2025 |work=ndtv.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
An Anant Shastra Weapon System consists of one Regiment Command Post Vehicle (RCPV) which is connected to three battery units. Each battery includes a Battery Surveillance Radar Vehicle (BSRV) and a Battery Command Post Vehicle (BCPV). Additionally, four combat groups (CGs) makes up a single battery unit. A CG consists of a multi-purpose radar unit with ten target engagement capabilities and a missile-launcher vehicle armed with six QRSAM missile canisters. An Anant Shastra Weapon System consists of 72 missiles and a logistic truck.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile (QRSAM) |url=https://bel-india.in/product/quick-reaction-sam-qrsam/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=BEL |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Testing ==<br />
[[File:QRSAM test.webm|thumb|QRSAM test with live warhead on 17 November 2020. ]]<br />
<br />
=== Developmental trials ===<br />
<br />
* The first test firing of the missile took place on 4 June 2017. This was followed by the second successful test on 3 July 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-successfully-test-fired-4733819/|title=Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile successfully test fired|date=3 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=23 December 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The test was conducted from Chandipur, Odisha. Around 100 scientists are working as part of the missile development program led by [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]]. DRDO's other labs including [[Research Centre Imarat]], [[Research & Development Establishment (Engineers)]], and [[Integrated Test Range]] are also contributing to the missile development effort.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/drdo-s-quick-reaction-missile-hits-target-in-30-seconds-1.2059244|title=DRDO's quick reaction missile hits target in 30 seconds|work=Mathrubhumi|date=3 July 2017|access-date=23 December 2017}}</ref> <br />
* On 22 December, the missile was test fired for the third time. The test was reported to be a success.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rout|first=Hemant Kumar|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/dec/23/drdos-homegrown-quick-reaction-missile-qrsam-successfully-test-fired-off-odisha-coast-1734849.html|title=DRDO's homegrown quick reaction missile QRSAM successfully test fired off Odisha coast|work=The New Indian Express|date=23 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pubby |first1=Manu |title=Setback for Indian missile programme: Two failures in a week, submarine version stuck |url=https://theprint.in/report/setback-for-indian-missile-programme-two-failures-in-a-week-submarine-version-stuck/24671/ |work=The Print |date=24 December 2017}}</ref> <br />
* The fourth test took place on 8 October 2018 and was reported to be successful.<ref>{{cite news |title=DRDO testfires quick reaction missile off Odisha coast |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/oct/10/drdo-testfires-quick-reaction-missile-off-odisha-coast-1883553.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=10 October 2018}}</ref> <br />
* Fifth test was successfully performed on 26 February 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pib.nic.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1566363#|title=Twin Success for Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile|newspaper=Press Information Bureau|date=26 February 2019|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> <br />
* The sixth test was conducted on 4 August 2019 at 11:05 am from a mobile truck-based launcher at the launch complex-3 of the [[Integrated Test Range|ITR]] at Chandipur.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile/articleshow/70520608.cms|title=India test-fires Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile|date=2019-08-04|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> <br />
* The seventh-test took place on 23 December 2019 from [[Abdul Kalam Island]], which included two firings of the missile. With this test, the development of the missile was declared complete.<ref name="complete">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-completes-development-trials/article30382246.ece|title=Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile completes development trials|date=2019-12-23|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-23|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-12-23 |title=Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile successfully flight-tested off Odisha coast |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1597212 |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== User trials ===<br />
<br />
* On 13 November 2020, [[DRDO]] successfully conducted test fire of the system and achieved a major milestone by a direct hit on to a [[Meggitt Banshee|Banshee]] pilot-less target aircraft at medium range and medium altitude.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|date=2020-11-14|title=DRDO successfully test-fires Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile system|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/drdo-successfully-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-system-120111400264_1.html|access-date=2021-12-22}}</ref><br />
* On 17 November 2020, DRDO successfully test-fired QRSAM with live warhead for the first time to check performance parameter of various subsystem. The integrated radar did tracking and target acquisition while mission computer managed automatic launch sequence. Upon missile launch, two way datalink was successfully established and helped activate radar homing guidance at terminal phase. Warhead activation and detonation was achieved when the target was close enough for destruction. The missile managed to hit and bring down an unmanned target vehicle at medium range and altitude.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-18 |title=Second trial of QRSAM proves DRDO warhead's capabilities |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-successfully-test-fires-qrsam-for-second-time-7055028/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
* Six flight tests were completed on 8 September 2022 off the Odisha coast, where QRSAM managed to intercept high speed maneuvering aerial targets with pin point accuracy under long-range medium altitude and short-range high altitude conditions in quick succession salvo firing. The tests were carried out in final deployment configuration with all indigenously developed subsystems including missile with radio-frequency seeker, mobile launcher, automated command and control system, surveillance and multi-function radars.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shukla |first1=Ajai |title=QRSAM: Indian Army clears quick reaction surface-to-air missile system |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/qrsam-indian-army-clears-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-system-122090801051_1.html |access-date=20 September 2024 |publisher=Business Standard |date=8 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-09-08 |title=DRDO, Indian Army test-fires Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile system today |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/drdo-indian-army-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-system-today-11662616656699.html |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== IADWS Trials ===<br />
{{Main|Mission Sudarshan Chakra#Integrated Air Defence Weapon System}}<br />
<br />
* The first Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS) test was conducted by the [[DRDO]] on 23 August 2025 at around 12:30&nbsp;pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], using QRSAM, Advanced [[VSHORAD (India)|VSHORAD]], and a high-power laser-based [[DEW]]. Two high-speed fixed wing UAVs and a [[multicopter]] drone were engaged and destroyed simultaneously at varying distances and altitudes. The Centralised [[Command and Control]] System which guided the IADWS has been developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]], the nodal laboratory of the programme. Meanwhile, the VSHORADS and DEW was developed by [[Research Centre Imarat]], and [[Centre for High Energy Systems and Sciences]], respectively.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=DRDO successfully conducts maiden flight-tests of Integrated Air Defence Weapon System |date=2025-08-24 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2160257 |access-date=2025-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Trivedi |first=Saurabh |date=2025-08-24 |title=DRDO successfully conducts maiden flight tests of Integrated Air Defence Weapon System |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/drdo-successfully-conducts-maiden-flight-tests-of-integrated-air-defence-weapon-system/article69970850.ece |access-date=2025-09-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-25 |title=India tests its first integrated air defence weapon system |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-tests-its-first-integrated-air-defence-weapon-system/articleshow/123490653.cms |access-date=2025-09-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
== Order status ==<br />
On 28 May 2024, it was reported that an order for QRSAM worth about {{INRConvert|30000|c|lk=on|year=2025}} is to be signed with Bharat Electronics in the following [[fiscal year]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=Strong order flow likely to help BEL stay on growth path |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/strong-order-flow-likely-to-help-bel-stay-on-growth-path/articleshow/110472472.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> As per officials, the [[Corps of Army Air Defence|Corps of Army Air Defense]]'s modernisation strategy called for the placement of QRSAM order.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-22 |title=Army plans to boost air defence capabilities with new guns, potent radars |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/army-plans-to-boost-air-defence-capabilities-with-new-guns-potent-radars/articleshow/118468586.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-22 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> As of early June 2025, it was anticipated that the Defence Acquisition Council under the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] would authorize the purchase of three QRSAM regiments.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Negi |first=Manjeet |date=2025-06-09 |title=Government likely to clear new 3 air defence missile regiments for army |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/government-likely-to-clear-new-air-defence-missile-regiments-for-army-2738235-2025-06-09 |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-09 |title=Indian Army to get Rs 30,000 crore QRSAM air defence missile system boost |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-to-get-rs-30000-crore-qrsam-air-defence-missile-system-boost/articleshow/121731429.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-06-10 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The capital acquisition proposal was approved on 3 July 2025 by DAC, under the Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) route for the Army Air Defence.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-03 |title=DAC clears 10 capital acquisition proposals worth approx. Rs 1.05 lakh crore under Buy (Indian-IDDM) category |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2141835 |access-date=2025-07-04 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rana |first=Javaria |date=2025-07-03 |title=MoD clears projects worth Rs 1.05 lakh cr, including QRSAM, MCMVs and electronic warfare systems |url=https://theprint.in/defence/mod-clears-projects-worth-rs-1-05-lakh-cr-including-qrsam-mcmvs-and-electronic-warfare-systems/2678841/ |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=From Spy Jets To Minesweepers: Inside India's Rs 1 Lakh Crore Defence Push |url=https://www.news18.com/india/from-spy-jets-to-minesweepers-inside-indias-rs-1-lakh-crore-defence-push-ws-dkl-9421086.html |access-date=2025-07-04 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> A tender for the purchase of Anant Shastra air defence system, earlier known as QRSAM, was issued by the Indian Army to Bharat Electronics on 27 September 2025.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=Manish |last2=Verma |first2=Ashish |date=2025-09-27 |title=All about Anantshastra QRSAM: India's new air defence system, soon to be acquired |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/explainers/all-about-anantshastra-qrsam-india-s-new-air-defence-system-soon-to-be-acquired-2025-09-27-1010322 |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
On April 8, 2026, [[Bharat Electronics|BEL]] committed more than ₹562 crore to the [[Uttar Pradesh Defence Industrial Corridor]], allocating 75 hectares of land in [[Chitrakoot district|Chitrakoot]] for the production of QRSAM.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-09 |title=BEL acquires 75-hectare land in UP defence corridor, to invest Rs 600 crore in Chitrakoot unit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/defence/news/bel-acquires-75-hectare-land-in-up-defence-corridor-to-invest-rs-600-crore-in-chitrakoot-unit/articleshow/130135192.cms |access-date=2026-04-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Operators ==<br />
<br />
; {{Flagu|India}}<br />
<br />
* [[Indian Army]]<br />
* [[Indian Airforce]]<br />
<br />
== Gallery ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Second test of DRDO QRSAM.jpg|Sub-system validation test (3 July 2017).<br />
File:Fifth test of DRDO QRSAM on 26 June 2019.jpg|Aerodynamics verification, high maneuverability demo, propulsion & structural performance at various elevations (26 February 2019).<br />
File:Sixth test of DRDO QRSAM on 4 August 2019.jpg|Multiple threat engagement with live targets (4 August 2019).<br />
File:QRSAM tested on 23 December 2019 (2).jpg|Flight-tested in full configuration deployment mode (23 December 2019).<br />
File:Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile (QRSAM) system successfully launched from Integrated Test Range, Chandipur off the Odisha coast, on November 13, 2020 (1).jpg|Maximum range tracking and direct hit of [[QinetiQ Banshee]], by terminal active homing using RF seeker (13 November 2020).<br />
File:Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile (QRSAM) System successfully flight test, second in the series conducted, from the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur, off the coast of Odisha on November 17, 2020 (1).jpg|Proximity operation against QinetiQ Banshee. Warhead activation & performance assessment (17 November 2020).<br />
File:Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile (QRSAM) system launch from Integrated Test Range (ITR) Chandipur off the Odisha coast.jpg|Flight-test against high-speed aerial targets mimicking different threat scenarios (1 September 2022).<br />
File:QRSAM tested on 23 August 2025.jpg|QRSAM test as part of [[Mission_Sudarshan_Chakra#Integrated_Air_Defence_Weapon_System|Integrated Air Defence Weapon System]] (23 August 2025).<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{Portal|India|Rocketry}}<br />
*{{lwc|Trishul (missile)|Trishul}}<br />
*{{lwc|Maitri (missile)|Maitri}}<br />
*{{lwc|Barak 8}}<br />
*{{lwc|Akash-NG}}<br />
*{{lwc|Akash (missile)|Akash}}<br />
*{{lwc|VL-SRSAM}}<br />
*{{lwc|Advanced Air Defence}} (AAD)<br />
*{{lwc|Prithvi Air Defence}} (PAD)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{Commons category-inline|QRSAM}}<br />
<br />
{{Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)}}<br />
{{Indian missiles}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of India]]<br />
[[Category:Post–Cold War weapons of India]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century surface-to-air missiles]]<br />
'''Technical:'''<br />
* [https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-focus-documrnt/TF_May-Jun_2018_web.pdf DRDO Technology Focus : Warhead for Missiles, Torpedoes and Rockets]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=P._H._Meadows&diff=523337P. H. Meadows2026-04-11T12:38:43Z<p>Roexpertindia: Put up first info w/ refs</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|British administrator and civil servant (1919–1997)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Percival Herbert Meadows<br />
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] [[Pingat Jasa Gemilang|PJG]] [[Order of Setia Negara Brunei|PSB]]<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1919|05|15|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place =<br />
| alma_mater = [[Wye College]]<br/>[[Magdalene College, Cambridge]]<br/>[[SOAS University of London]]<br />
| children = <br />
| spouse = Patricia Mary Edwards<br />
| image = P. H. Meadows.jpg<br />
| caption = Meadows, {{Circa|1953}}<br />
| office1 = Chairman of the [[Singapore Tourism Board|Singapore Tourist Promotion Board]]<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Tan Kia Gan]]<br />
| term_start1 = {{start date|1967|03|01|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Norwich]], [[Norfolk]], [[England]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1997|07||1919|05|15|df=y}}<br />
| nickname = {{unbulleted list|Val|Percey|Percy}}<br />
| allegiance = {{flag|United Kingdom}}<br/>{{flag|British India}}<br />
| branch = {{army|United Kingdom}}<br/>{{army|British Raj}}<br />
| rank = [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]]<br />
| battles = {{tree list}}<br />
* [[World War II]]<br />
** [[Burma campaign]]<br />
{{tree list/end}}<br />
| term_end1 = {{end date|1969|02|28|df=y}}<br />
| successor1 = [[Runme Shaw]] <br />
}}<br />
'''Percival Herbert Meadows''' {{Post-nominals|country=||list=[[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] [[Pingat Jasa Gemilang|PJG]] [[Order of Setia Negara Brunei|PSB]]}} (15 May 1919 – July 1997) was a British administrator, who also served as a civil servant in [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo]] and [[Colony of Singapore|Singapore]]. Meadows fought in [[World War II]], attaining the rank of [[Major (United Kingdom)|major]] at the end of his service.<br />
<br />
In 1947, Meadows joined the [[Colonial Service|Colonial Administrative Service]] and became the chairman of the [[Singapore Tourism Board|Singapore Tourist Promotion Board]] from 1967 to 1969.<br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
On 15 May 1919, Percival Herbert Meadows was born. He received his education at [[Wye College]], specialising in [[tropical horticulture]]. After the war, Meadows attended [[Magdalene College, Cambridge]], and [[SOAS University of London]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2015-06-12 |title=Medals, Orders and Decorations, including the Fred Rockwood Collection (Part 2) Auction 74 |url=https://www.mortonandeden.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/74.pdf |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=Morton and Eden |page=176}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
<br />
=== Military career ===<br />
Following the outbreak of the [[World War II]], Meadows enlisted in the [[Royal Lincolnshire Regiment]]. On 10 July 1941, Meadows received an emergency commission to become a [[second lieutenant]], and he was posted to the [[British Indian Army|British India Army]]. Meadows served in the 8th Battalion of the [[12th Frontier Force Regiment]], stationed in the [[North-West Frontier Province]]. Later on, Meadows went to [[Karachi]] for intelligence training, and obtained a pilot's licence in a [[de Havilland DH.60 Moth]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=1941-09-19 |title=Supplement to The London Gazette: Emergency Commissions |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35279/page/5449 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The London Gazette]] |pages=5449 |issue=35279}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1943, Meadows became a brigade intelligence officer in the [[74th Indian Infantry Brigade]], stationed in the [[Arakan Division]]. Meadows was responsible for establishing a patrol and ambush base six miles down the [[Naf River]], south of [[Maungdaw]]. More than 120 Japanese soldiers were killed, after Meadows personally led small teams into Japanese territory to conduct ambushes. On 15 November 1944, in view of his conduct, Meadows was nominated by his commanding officer for a [[Military Cross]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
In 1945, Meadows was transferred to the [[2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)|2nd Gurkha Rifles]] and became a station commander.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> After that, Meadows was promoted to the rank of [[Major (United Kingdom)|major]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=1947-11-23 |title=RECRUITS TO MALAYA |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19471123-1.2.56 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=5}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Civil career ===<br />
In 1947, Meadows joined the [[Colonial Service|Colonial Administrative Service]] as an administrative officer. He was posted to [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1949, Meadows was appointed as the [[Consul (representative)|honorary consul]] in [[Portuguese Macau]], where he also sent intelligence reports on the [[Chinese Civil War]] to [[London]].<ref name=":0" /> In July 1951, after completing a course on [[sinology]] in Macau, Meadows was appointed as the assistant commissioner for labour in [[Colony of Singapore|Singapore]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=1951-07-20 |title=ASST. LABOUR COMMISSIONER |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/freepress19510720-1.2.59 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[Singapore Free Press]] |pages=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1951-07-27 |title=APPOINTMENTS |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/singstandard19510727-1.2.84 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[Singapore Tiger Standard]] |pages=5}}</ref> In 1952, Meadows was promoted to commissioner for labour in [[Kelantan]], [[Terengganu]] and [[Pahang]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1952-06-20 |title=GONE ON LEAVE |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19520620-1.2.126 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=9}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 1953, Meadows was appointed as the deputy secretary for the social welfare department under the [[Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)|Ministry of Labour]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1953-01-03 |title=Untitled |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/freepress19530103-1.1.6 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[Singapore Free Press]] |pages=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1953-06-26 |title=TEAM TO HELP ALLOT HOMES |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/freepress19530626-1.2.42 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[Singapore Free Press]] |pages=5}}</ref> In April 1953, Meadows stated that young girls were still being used as lures in opium dens to attract new addicts, and believed if a new investigation was conducted, fresh evidence may be uncovered to support the statement.<ref>{{Cite news |title=GIRLS ARE USED AS LURES IN OPIUM DENS, SAYS WELFARE OFFICER |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19530423-1.2.74 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=5}}</ref> In August 1953, Meadows announced that the anti-vice section under his department conducted 75 raids in the previous month on hotels and other places. As such, the number of prostitutes operating in Singapore decreased, and Meadows added that they have shifted their operations to [[Johor Bahru|Johore Bahru]]. However, an official from Johore Bahru refuted his statement, and said there have been no noticeable increase of prostitutes in the city.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1953-08-11 |title=Vice girls driving to Johore |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19530811-1.2.96 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1953-08-12 |title=Vice girls? Not here says J.B. |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19530812-1.2.124 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=8}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1957, Meadows was appointed as the chairman of the Singapore Rural Board.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1957-09-27 |title=FLOODS: 'NOTHING OF NOTE DONE' |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19570927-1.2.78 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1957-10-14 |title=Islanders told: Take interest in election |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19571014-1.2.72 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=5}}</ref> In November 1957, he suggested to the [[Police Coast Guard|Marine Police]] that they should not take any action against islanders who use their own fishing boats to carry belongings and passengers, given that there is no public transport to offshore islands. Meadows also asked the Ministry of Commerce and Industry to amend the port rules to allow islanders of the [[Southern Islands]] to carry passengers on their fishing boats, since the islanders had no other form of transport.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1957-11-01 |title=It's boats only—no public transport |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19571101-1.2.74 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1957-11-15 |title=Fishermen want to take passengers |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19571115-1.2.34 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=4}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 1959, the Singapore Rural Board was absorbed by the [[Ministry of National Development (Singapore)|Ministry of National Development]], and as such in November 1959, Meadows was transferred to the [[Prime Minister's Office (Singapore)|Prime Minister's Office]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1959-09-18 |title=TOP JOBS CHANGES IN THE CIVIL SERVICE |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19590918-1.2.44 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1959-09-21 |title=VOLUNTEERS SAIL IN TO TIDY UP ISLAND No. 2 |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19590921-1.2.56 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=5}}</ref> In 1960, Meadows was formally appointed as the secretary for special duties to Prime Minister [[Lee Kuan Yew]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1959-10-16 |title=PREMIER ASSURES COUNCIL WORKERS |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/freepress19591016-1.2.11 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[Singapore Free Press]] |pages=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1959-11-06 |title=Council men ask Mr. Lee for ruling on jobs |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19591106-1.2.44 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1961-01-27 |title=Lee froze a bid to vote $500,000 for Ong's 'private force' |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19610127-1.2.53 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=6}}</ref> Meadows retired from the civil service in 1962.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Soh |first=Tiang Keng |date=1970-06-13 |title=Hour of glory for the 98 who won awards |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19700613-1.2.55 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=8}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Later career ===<br />
In August 1964, Meadows joined the board of [[Pan-Electric Industries]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1964-08-14 |title=Mr. Oei is chairman of Pan Electric Industries |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19640814-1.2.54 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=6}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 1 March 1967, after [[Tan Kia Gan]] was fired, Meadows took over as chairman of the [[Singapore Tourism Board|Singapore Tourist Promotion Board]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1967-03-03 |title=Tourist Promotion Board Head |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/easternsun19670303-1.2.40 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[Eastern Sun]] |pages=6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1967-03-04 |title=Tourist chairman |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19670304-1.2.97 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=13}}</ref> In December 1968, Meadows announced a plan to convert [[Pulau Tekukor]] into a tourist island resort within 18 months. However, the plan was shelved.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1968-12-30 |title='Dove Island' To Be Converted Into Tourist Island Resort |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/easternsun19681230-1.2.15.9 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[Eastern Sun]] |pages=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1968-12-31 |title=Pulau Tekukor di-bena untok tempat peranginan |trans-title=Pulau Tekukor is being used as a resort |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/beritaharian19681231-1.2.47 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[Berita Harian (Singapore)|Berita Harian]] |oclc=53812840 |pages=7 |language=ms}}</ref> In January 1969, Meadows disclosed a plan to develop [[Sentosa|Pulau Blakang Mati]] into a tourist island.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1969-01-23 |title=A 'Paradise Island' |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19690123-1.2.20 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1969-04-04 |title=Blakang Mati Tourist Plan |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/easternsun19690404-1.2.44 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[Eastern Sun]] |pages=3}}</ref> On 28 February 1969, Meadows stepped down as chairman, and he was succeeded by [[Runme Shaw]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1969-03-04 |title=Tan Sri Shaw Chairman Of STPB |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/easternsun19690304-1.2.43 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[Eastern Sun]] |pages=4}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1971, Meadows was the chairman of the National Bank in [[Brunei]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1971-06-09 |title=National Bank grows |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19710609-1.2.95.3 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=15}}</ref> In 1973, he was also appointed as the executive chairman of Far East–[[Levingston Shipbuilding Company|Levingston Shipbuilding]] (FELS), and later managing director on 1 October 1974.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1973-02-01 |title=COMPANY HIGHLIGHTS |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19730201-1.2.116.5.2 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1980-03-01 |title=FELS to have new chief |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/biztimes19800301-1.2.8 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Business Times (Singapore)|The Business Times]] |oclc=464696647 |pages=1}}</ref> On 31 July 1980, Meadows retired. [[George Bogaars]] was elected as the new chairman of FELS, and Low Wing Siew as managing director.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1980-08-29 |title=Bogaars chairs FELS |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/biztimes19800829-1.2.50.1.1 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Business Times (Singapore)|The Business Times]] |oclc=464696647 |pages=13}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Meadows was married to Patricia Mary Edwards (1922 – 13 January 2024).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bishop |first=Donna-Louise |date=2024-02-29 |title=Norfolk death notices: Tearoom owner and charity founder |url=https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/24149102.norfolk-death-notices-tearoom-owner-charity-founder/ |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[Eastern Daily Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-13 |title=PATRICIA 'Mary' MEADOWS |url=https://www.edp24.co.uk/memorials/death-notices/death/30595767.patricia-mary-meadows/notice/ |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[Eastern Daily Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-13 |title=Deceased Estates: Patricia Mary Meadows |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/4831049 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The London Gazette]]}}</ref> His wife arrived in [[Colony of Singapore|Singapore]] in 1952.<br />
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In 1964, Minister for Finance [[Goh Keng Swee]] suggested the production of local souvenirs, as opposed to imported, to "give Singapore an identity in the minds of tourists". As such, in 1968, a company, ''Design Singapura'', was established by entrepreneur Donald Moore to promote local arts and crafts. Meadows was appointed as a director of the board, and his wife thought of manufacturing unique Singaporean handwoven products, marketed as ''Khersonese silk''. His wife came across the ancient Greek name for the Malayan peninsula after reading a book. She also served as the production manager of the factory located off [[MacPherson, Singapore|MacPherson Road]].<ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
As Meadows' wife wanted to reach out to a wider customer base and sell more ''Khersonese silk'' products, she began custom-making a small batch of silk [[kimono]]s, and sold several pieces to British [[socialite]]s. By 1973, demand for the product slowly disappeared. In 2023, five pieces of Meadows' wife ''Khersonese silk'' products were donated by herself to the [[National Heritage Board (Singapore)|National Heritage Board]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Phoon |first=Nicholas |date=2024-09-06 |title=Silks from the 'Golden Khersonese': A New Acquisition by the Founders' Memorial |url=https://www.roots.gov.sg/MUSE/articles/Silks-from-the-Golden-Khersonese-A-New-Acquisition-by-the-Founders-Memorial |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=www.roots.gov.sg |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Upon his retirement, Meadows and his wife moved to [[Norwich]], [[Norfolk]]. In July 1997, at the age of 78, Meadows died.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Awards and decorations ==<br />
<br />
=== Military ===<br />
<br />
* [[File:1939-45 Star.jpg|80x80px]] [[1939–1945 Star]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
* [[File:Ribbon - Burma Star.png|80x80px]] [[Burma Star]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
* [[File:Defence Medal BAR.svg|80x80px]] [[Defence Medal (United Kingdom)|Defence Medal]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
* [[File:War Medal 39-45 w MID BAR.svg|80x80px]] [[War Medal 1939–1945]], [[Mentioned in dispatches|mentioned in despatch]].<ref name=":0" /><br />
* [[File:Ribbon - Efficiency Medal (South Africa).png|80x80px]] [[Territorial Efficiency Medal]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
* [[File:Military Cross ribbon.svg|80x80px]] [[Military Cross]], in 1945.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=1945-09-11 |title=Supplement to The London Gazette: The Military Cross |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37262/supplement/4558 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The London Gazette]] |pages=4559 |issue=37262}}</ref><br />
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=== Civil ===<br />
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* [[File:Order of the British Empire (Civil) Ribbon.svg|80x80px]] Commander of the Most Excellent [[Order of the British Empire]], in 1963.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1962-12-28 |title=Supplement to The London Gazette: Most Excellent Order of the British Empire |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42870/supplement/24 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The London Gazette]] |pages=24 |issue=42870}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1963-01-01 |title=Sir William becomes an honours list G.C.M.G. |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19630101-1.2.82 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=14}}</ref><br />
* [[File:Pingat Jasa Gemilang ribbon (1962–1996).png|80x80px]] [[Pingat Jasa Gemilang|Meritorious Service Medal]], in 1969.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1969-08-09 |title=Meadows heads honours list for tourism growth |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19690809-1.2.6 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1969-08-09 |title=195 DI-BERI PINGAT KEHORMATAN HARI NASIONAL |trans-title=195 AWARDED NATIONAL DAY HONOUR MEDALS |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/beritaharian19690809-1.2.7 |access-date=2025-05-25 |work=[[Berita Harian (Singapore)|Berita Harian]] |oclc=53812840 |pages=1 |language=ms}}</ref><br />
* [[File:BRU Order of Loyalty4 - PSB.png|80x80px]] [[Order of Setia Negara Brunei|Order of Loyalty to the State of Brunei]] (Fourth Class)<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Meadows, Percival Herbert}}<br />
[[Category:1919 births]]<br />
[[Category:1997 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Singaporean chairpersons of corporations]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Wye College]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of SOAS University of London]]<br />
[[Category:Singaporean civil servants]]<br />
[[Category:Malayan Civil Service officers]]<br />
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]<br />
[[Category:British Army officers]]<br />
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Pingat Jasa Gemilang]]<br />
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Cross]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lobin_Hembrom&diff=513380Lobin Hembrom2026-04-10T09:23:47Z<p>Roexpertindia: adding initial info w/ infobox...</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office1 = Member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start1 = 23 December 2019<br />
| term_end1 = 23 November 2024<br />
| constituency1 = [[Borio (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Borio]]<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Tala Marandi]]<br />
| successor1 = [[Dhananjay Soren]]<br />
| term_start2 = 23 December 2009<br />
| term_end2 = 23 December 2014<br />
| constituency2 = [[Borio (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Borio]]<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Tala Marandi]]<br />
| successor2 = [[Tala Marandi]]<br />
| term_start3 = 15 November 2000<br />
| term_end3 = 27 February 2005<br />
| constituency3 = [[Borio (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Borio]]<br />
| predecessor3 = Himself (''As Bihar MLA'')<br />
| successor3 = [[Tala Marandi]]<br />
| office4 = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start4 = 1990<br />
| term_end4 = 2000<br />
| constituency4 = [[Borio (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Borio]]<br />
| honorific_prefix =<br />
| name = Lobin Hembrom<br />
| honorific_suffix = <br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| birth_name = Lobin Hembrom<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1952}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mahagama]], [[Jharkhand]]<br />
| disappeared_date = <!-- {{Disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) --><br />
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| citizenship = India<br />
| education = Matriculated from [[Bihar School Examination Board]] [[Patna]] [[Bihar]] in 1970<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| occupation = Agriculture, Politician, Social worker<br />
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| predecessor = <br />
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| other_party = [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] (till 2024)<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2024–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/expelled-jmm-leader-lobin-hembrom-joins-bjp-cites-discontent-within-party/articleshow/112949438.cms|title=Expelled JMM leader Lobin Hembrom joins BJP, cites discontent within party|work=Times of India|accessdate=1 September 2024}}</ref><br />
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| children = <br />
| parents = Raghu Hembrom<br />
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}}<br />
<br />
'''Lobin Hembrom''' is an Indian politician and member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Hembrom was a three time member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Borio Assembly constituency|Borio constituency]] in [[Sahebganj district|Sahibganj district]] in 2000–2004, 2009–2013, and 2019–2023 on [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] ticket.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Borio Bihar Assembly Election 2000 – Latest News & Results |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/2000/borio/ |access-date=2024-06-30 |website= latestly.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand 2009 |url=https://myneta.info/jarka09/candidate.php?candidate_id=14 |access-date=2024-06-30 |website= myneta.info }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=सिन्हा |first=चंदन |date=2021-12-23 |title=Jharkhand Politics: अपनी ही सरकार पर बरसे JMM विधायक, बोले- सरकार शराब बेचेगी तो करेंगे विरोध |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/jharkhand/jharkhand-mla-lobin-hembrom-attack-on-government-over-liquor-prohibition-know-in-details-2022914 |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
Hembrom was suspended for contesting independently in the [[2024 Indian general election]], he subsequently joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="After Champai Soren, ex-JMM MLA Lobin Hembrom joins BJP">{{cite news |title=After Champai Soren, ex-JMM MLA Lobin Hembrom joins BJP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jharkhand/after-champai-soren-ex-jmm-mla-lobin-hembrom-joins-bjp/article68589579.ece |access-date=9 January 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=31 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109164949/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jharkhand/after-champai-soren-ex-jmm-mla-lobin-hembrom-joins-bjp/article68589579.ece |archive-date=9 January 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranjan |first=Mukesh |date=2024-08-31 |title=Former JMM MLA Lobin Hembrom joins BJP |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Aug/31/former-jmm-mla-lobin-hembrom-joins-bjp |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Participation in Jharkhand Movement==<br />
Mr Lobin Hembrom (''Hembrom'' also spelt as ''Hembram'') started his political journey by being one of the leaders actively participating in Jharkhand Movement under the leadership of ''Disomguru'' [[Shibu Soren]] leader of [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] demanding [[Jharkhand]] as separate state to be carved out from [[Bihar]] which was first demanded by [[Jaipal Singh Munda]], a member of Constituent Assembly of Bihar and leader of [[Jharkhand Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Unsung Heroes of Jharkhand Movement |url=https://ebin.pub/unsung-heroes-of-jharkhand-movement.html |publisher=ebin.pub Pages 300 [257] Year 2017 |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=ebin.pub}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Reclaiming the indigenous space: A short history of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/jharkhand/reclaiming-the-indigenous-space-a-short-history-of-jharkhand-mukti-morcha-2877021 |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=deccanherald.com }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Notable works==<br />
'''Lobin Hembrom''', being MLA of [[Borio]] Assembly, played a leading role in establishing Shibu Soren Janjatiya Degree College, Borio, for the people residing in the foothills of the [[Rajmahal Hills]], which has been named after an eminent leader of [[Jharkhand]] Sri [[Shibu Soren]] whom he respects a lot.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hembrom, Lobin}}<br />
[[Category:People from Sahibganj district]]<br />
[[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2009–2014]]<br />
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2019–2024]]<br />
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1990–1995]]<br />
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1995–2000]]<br />
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2000–2005]]<br />
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2000–2005]]<br />
[[Category:1952 births]]<br />
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{{Jharkhand-politician-stub}}</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valayam_(film)&diff=543425Valayam (film)2026-04-09T08:40:57Z<p>Roexpertindia: Created a redirect</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Road in Bangalore, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{About|the road in [[Bengaluru]]|the metro station of the same name|MG Road (Namma Metro)}}<br />
{{coord|12.973801|N|77.611885|E|display=title}}<br />
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[[File:Bangalore MG Road 4.jpg|thumb|MG Road in 2018.]]<br />
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'''Mahatma Gandhi Road ''' also known as '''MG Road''' is a road in [[Bengaluru]], India. It runs east from [[Trinity metro station|Trinity Circle]] at one end to [[Anil Kumble|Anil Kumble Circle]] at the other. Known as '''South Parade''' in pre-independence era, it was renamed as Mahatma Gandhi Road on 26 February 1948.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gandhi Road in Bangalore|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=98U-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=nkwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2307,4884968&dq=south+parade+bangalore&hl=en|access-date=13 December 2010|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|date=26 February 1948}}</ref><br />
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M. G. Road is also one of the busiest roads in the city and is lined on one side with retail stores, food outlets, restaurants and many more. It has many office buildings, shops and theatres. It is also a home to many buildings and banks. There are two Metro stations on M. G. Road, the [[Mahatma Gandhi Road metro station (Bangalore)|eponymous station]] and [[Trinity metro station|Trinity]]. <br />
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Presently, the M.G Road Boulevard is being reconstructed after construction of the [[MG Road (Namma Metro)|MG Road Metro station]] was completed and services launched on 20 October 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Metro commuter base gets traction|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-metro-commuter-base-gets-traction-1753329 | date=17 October 2012 | publisher=DNA|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref> The Bengaluru Metro line that runs through MG Road, connects the eastern part of Bengaluru with the west.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:M.G. Road, Bangalore in 1950.jpg|M.G. Road in 1950<br />
File:MG Road, Bangalore with public utility building (perspective corrected).JPG|M G Road in 2007 before construction of metro rail<br />
File:MG Road, Bangalore1.jpg|MG Road in 2007 as seen from Taj Residency Hotel<br />
File:MG Road Metro Station, Bangalore.jpg|[[Mahatma Gandhi Road metro station (Bangalore)|MG Road metro station]] in 2017<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Location==<br />
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{{Geographic Location<br />
|title = '''Areas of Bengaluru'''<br />
|Northwest = [[M.Chinnaswamy Stadium]]/Queen's Road<br />
|North = Cubbon Roadon eart f<br />
<br />
|Northeast = Cubbon Road<br />
|West = [[M.Chinnaswamy Stadium]]/Queen's Road<br />
|Centre = M G Road <br />
|East = Dickenson Road<br />
|Southwest = St.Marks Road<br />
|South = Residency Road<br />
|Southeast = [[Brigade Road]]<br />
}}<br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Tourist attractions in Bangalore]]<br />
* [[Mahatma Gandhi Road (Secunderabad)]]<br />
* [[Brigade Road]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Mahatma Gandhi Road, Bengaluru}}<br />
{{Bangalore topics}}<br />
{{Mohandas K. Gandhi}}<br />
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[[Category:Roads in Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:Shopping districts and streets in India]]<br />
{{India-road-stub}}</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India_national_football_team_at_the_Asian_Games&diff=452986India national football team at the Asian Games2026-03-28T06:07:43Z<p>Roexpertindia: fixed issues</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Sporting event delegation}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
[[File:India contingent at the Ist Asian Games, 1951 New Delhi.webp|thumb|upright=1.35|right|alt=Indian athletes in formal clothing at the 1951 Asian Games|The Indian team marching into [[Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium|National Stadium]] for the opening ceremony of the [[1951 Asian Games|first Asian Games]], held in New Delhi on 4 March 1951]]<br />
The [[Asian Games]]<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/chinasgreatleapb0000word | url-access=registration | page=[https://archive.org/details/chinasgreatleapb0000word/page/51 51] | quote=Asian Games (also known as Asiad). | title=China's Great Leap: The Beijing Games and Olympian Human Rights Challenges | publisher=Seven Stories | isbn=9781583228432| date=2011-01-04 }}</ref><ref name="IXAsiad">{{cite web |title=IX Asian Games Delhi 1982 |url=http://www.sports.gov.pk/Participation/9th_Asian_Games.htm|website=sports.gov.pk |access-date=30 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324002516/http://www.sports.gov.pk/Participation/9th_Asian_Games.htm|archive-date=24 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> is Asia's [[multi-sport event]], normally held every four years. The games are regulated by the [[Olympic Council of Asia]] (OCA) and recognized by the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC). [[Association football|Football]] was first introduced as a sport at the inaugural edition of the Asian Games, which was held in India in [[Football at the 1951 Asian Games|1951]]. The [[India national football team|India national team]] hosted five other national teams, winning the competition to become the first Asian football champions; the [[AFC Asian Cup]] began in [[1956 AFC Asian Cup|1956]], two years after the formation of the [[Asian Football Confederation]] (AFC).<ref name="FIFAmuseum"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1951-new-delhi|title=Indian football team at the 1951 Asian Games|access-date=22 January 2021|archive-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322112033/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1951-new-delhi|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AfcHistoryBook">{{cite book |title=AFC Asian Cup History Book |publisher=[[Asian Football Confederation]] |location=UAE |pages=7, 404 |edition=2019 |url=https://assets.the-afc.com/migration/a/f/afc-asian-cup-history-book-2019-edition |access-date=30 June 2023|archive-date=8 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308100333/https://assets.the-afc.com/migration/a/f/afc-asian-cup-history-book-2019-edition|url-status=live}}</ref> India competed in eleven Asian Games between 1951 and [[Football at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's tournament|1998]], missing the [[Football at the 1990 Asian Games – Men's tournament|1990]] and [[Football at the 1994 Asian Games – Men's tournament|1994]] games. The team won a gold medal at the [[Football at the 1962 Asian Games|1962 Games]] and a bronze in [[Football at the 1970 Asian Games|1970]]. For the [[Football at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2002 Busan Asian Games]], the rules were changed so that only under-23 national teams were allowed to compete. [[India national under-23 football team|India's U-23 national team]] has not yet won a medal at the [[Football at the Asian Games|Asian Games]].<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
The [[Asian Games]] is Asia's continental [[multi-sport event]], held every four years. The [[Asian Games Federation]] (AGF) organizing the games from the [[Football at the 1951 Asian Games|first edition]] in [[New Delhi]] until [[1978 Asian Games|1978]]. After the breakup of the AGF, the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) has organized the games since 1982.<ref>{{cite web|title=OCA History|url=http://www.ocasia.org/Council/History.aspx |publisher=[[Olympic Council of Asia]]|access-date=14 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522121136/http://www.ocasia.org/Council/History.aspx|archive-date=22 May 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The games, recognized by the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC), are described as the world's second-largest multi-sport event (after the [[Olympic Games]]).<ref>{{cite news|title=Asian Games Taps Three-Time Olympic Sportscaster For New Sports Radio Talk Show |url=http://www.sportsbizasia.com/news/events/asian-games-taps-threetime-olympic-sportscaster-sports-radio-talk-show/ |access-date=8 September 2010 |newspaper=Sports Biz Asia |date=8 February 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127010308/http://www.sportsbizasia.com/news/events/asian-games-taps-threetime-olympic-sportscaster-sports-radio-talk-show/ |archive-date=27 November 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Fully renovated basketball arena ready for Asian Games |url=http://www.sports-city.org/news_details.php?news_id=8819&idCategory=56 |access-date=8 September 2010 |newspaper=Sports City |date=22 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613080957/http://sports-city.org/news_details.php?news_id=8819&idCategory=56 |archive-date=13 June 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> The 1951 Asian Games are considered the successor of the [[Far Eastern Games]] and the [[Western Asiatic Games]]. The Far Eastern Games were held nine times between 1913 and 1938 in [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], and mainland [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. The 1938 games in [[Osaka]] were cancelled due to the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] (which became part of [[World War II]]), and the Far Eastern Games were then discontinued.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GamesL1.aspx?GPCode=14 | title=Games– Far eastern Championship Games | publisher=[[Olympic Council of Asia]] | access-date=13 May 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713013947/http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GamesL1.aspx?GPCode=14 | archive-date=13 July 2009 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1926/BODE3/BODE3i.pdf | title=History of the Far Eastern Athletic Association | work=la84foundation.org | publisher=[[LA84 Foundation]] | access-date=13 May 2011 | author=England, Frederick O| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523095359/http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1926/BODE3/BODE3i.pdf | archive-date=23 May 2011 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="rsssfFEGoverview">{{cite web|last=Stokkermans|first=Karel|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesf/fareastgames.html|title=Far Eastern Games (Overview)|date=12 July 2017|access-date=6 September 2018|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407172820/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesf/fareastgames.html|url-status=live}}</ref> During the early 1930s, efforts were made to organize a multi-sport event to include the countries of [[West Asia]]. This gave birth to the Orient Championship Games, which was renamed the Western Asiatic Games before its first inception. The games' geographic scope included the countries east of [[Suez]] and west of [[Singapore]]. The first edition was held in Delhi in 1934 at the [[Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium|Irwin Amphitheater]], and four countries—[[Afghanistan]], [[British India]], [[Mandatory Palestine|Palestine Mandate]], and [[Ceylon]]—participated. The decision was made to hold these games every four years, at the midpoint between the [[Summer Olympics]]. The 1938 Western Asiatic Games, scheduled to be held in [[Tel Aviv]], were cancelled and abandoned with the outbreak of World War II.<ref name="tiwari">{{cite book | title=History of Physical Education | publisher=APH Publishing | author=Tiwari, Saket Raman | year=2008 | location=Delhi | pages=259–260 | isbn=978-81-313-0041-1}}</ref><ref name="Pearson">{{cite book | title=The Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2010 | publisher=[[Pearson Education]] (India) | author=Thorpe, Edgar | year=2010 | location=Delhi | pages=202–204 | isbn=978-81-317-2790-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The First Asian Games Championships will be held in March 1951 at New Delhi |url=https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll1/id/26402/rec/1 |website=digital.la84.org |publisher=[[LA84 Foundation]] |access-date=30 June 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051227141043/http://www.aafla.org:80/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1951/BDCE25/BDCE25j.pdf | archive-date=27 December 2005 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Asian Games. A short history |url=https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll1/id/27997/rec/3 |website=digital.la84.org |publisher=[[LA84 Foundation]] |access-date=30 June 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425111939/http://www.aafla.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1966/BDCE96/BDCE96f.pdf | archive-date=25 April 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref> [[Football at the Asian Games|Football]] was one of eight sports played at the inaugural edition of the Asiad in New Delhi, and has been part of every edition since.<ref name="Report1stAsiad">{{cite web |title=Report of the First Asian Games held at New Delhi |url=http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1951/BDCE27/BDCE27r.pdf|website=la84foundation.org |access-date=30 June 2023|archive-date=8 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808200345/http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1951/BDCE27/BDCE27r.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="rsssfAGoverview">{{cite web|last=Stokkermans|first=Karel|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asia-games.html|title=Asian Games (Overview)|date=12 July 2017|access-date=6 September 2018|archive-date=3 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403215342/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asia-games.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== {{anchor|Golden Era}}Golden era ==<br />
=== {{anchor|1951: the host and the first ever champion}}1951: Host and champion ===<br />
==== {{anchor|The draws and the rules}}Draws and rules ====<br />
[[Guru Dutt Sondhi]], chair of the executive committee for the first Asiad, hosted a New Delhi conference on February 25, 1951, where the draw for the 1951 Asian Games was held. At the conference, it was announced that [[Afghanistan national football team|Afghanistan]], [[Myanmar national football team|Burma]], [[India national football team|India]], [[Indonesia national football team|Indonesia]], [[Iran national football team|Iran]] and [[Japan national football team|Japan]] would participate in the tournament. Matches would be played in two 30-minute halves with a five-minute interval, and 15 minutes of [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]] with a one-minute interval when a result is not produced within [[Association football#90-minute ordinary time|regulation time]]. Japan and Afghanistan received [[Bye (sports)|byes]] to the quarterfinals. The winner of the Iran-Burma match would play Japan, and the winner of the India-Indonesia match would play Afghanistan. The [[Philippines national football team|Philippines]] withdrew from the tournament before the draw.<ref name="Draw1951">{{cite news|title=Football draw for Asian Games|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wgNFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3757%2C1401078|page=4|accessdate=30 June 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|date=25 February 1951|archive-date=7 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007151044/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wgNFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3757%2C1401078|url-status=live}}</ref> All matches were played at [[Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium|National Stadium]] in New Delhi.<ref name="rsssf1951"/><br />
<br />
==== {{anchor|First ever champion of Asia}}First Asia champion ====<br />
India played barefoot on a pitch that measured {{convert|65|by|110|yd}}, slightly narrower than [[Football pitch#Pitch boundary|international standards]]. However, [[FIFA]] had granted prior approval for the use of the pitch.<ref name="IE1stMatchOverview">{{cite news|title=India enters soccer semifinal; Burma's surprise defeat by Iran|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ygNFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z7cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6489%2C1840630|page=4|accessdate=15 April 2020|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|date=30 June 2023|archive-date=30 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630162531/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ygNFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z7cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6489,1840630|url-status=live}}</ref> On 5 March 1951, India made its Asian Games football debut against Indonesia with [[Sailen Manna]] as captain and [[Syed Abdul Rahim]] as coach.<ref name="TheHinduManna">{{cite news |title=Football legend Manna passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/football-legend-manna-passes-away/article2939421.ece |access-date=3 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=28 February 2012|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703080050/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/football-legend-manna-passes-away/article2939421.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> India's off season lacked match practice, and their passing and understanding were poor in the opening quarter. Indian [[Association football positions#Forward|forward]]s [[Sheoo Mewalal]] and [[Pansanttom Venkatesh]] pressured the Indonesian defense from the start, however, with good passes by [[Association football positions#Centre-back|center–half]] [[Chandan Singh Rawat]]. The score remained goalless until the 27th minute when Singh passed to Venkatesh, who sent the ball into the [[Football pitch#Penalty and goal areas|six-yard box]] towards Mewalal. Mewalal [[Header (association football)|headed]] the ball past the goalkeeper to give India the lead, the first Indian goal-scorer at the Asian Games. India settled down in the second half; in the 42nd minute a [[corner kick]] by Mewalal was deflected off Indonesian [[Association football positions#wingback|right–back]] [[Chairuddin Siregar]] into the net, giving India a 2–0 lead. Three minutes later, Indian [[Association football positions#Winger|outside–left]] [[Puthanparambil Saleh]] ran down the wing; his shot rebounded off the bar. Mewalal tapped the ball to Venkatesh, who scored his first goal to give India a 3–0 victory and a place in the semi-finals.<ref name="India vs Indonesia 1951 match"/><br />
<br />
{{football squad on pitch|thumb|80px||align=left<br />
| GK = [[Berland Anthony|Anthony]]<br />
| RCB ='''[[Thenmadom Varghese|Papen]]'''<br />
| LCB = '''[[Sailen Manna|Manna]]'''<br />
| RDM = '''[[Sheikh Abdul Latif|Latif]]'''<br />
| LDM = '''[[Muhammad Noor|Noor]]'''<br />
| CM = '''[[Chandan Singh Rawat|Rawat]]'''<br />
| RW = '''[[Pansanttom Venkatesh|Venkatesh]]'''<br />
| LW = '''[[Santosh Nandy|Nandy]]'''<br />
| RCF = '''[[Runu Guha Thakurta|Thakurta]]'''<br />
| CF = '''[[Sheoo Mewalal|Mewalal]]'''<br />
| LCF = '''[[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Khan]]'''<br />
|caption= India had a [[Formation (association football)#Pyramid (2–3–5)|2–3–5 formation]] against [[Iran national football team|Iran]] at the [[Football at the 1951 Asian Games|1951 Asian Games]] gold–medal match<br />
|<br />
}}<br />
Rahim made three changes to his team for the semi-final match against Afghanistan on 7 March. [[Kenchappa Varadaraj]] replaced [[Berland Anthony]] in goal, [[T. Shanmugham]] replaced [[Muhammad Noor]] in midfield, and [[Santosh Nandy]] replaced Saleh at left wing. Afghanistan had a physical, rough playing style; two players were sent off the field, and two more were cautioned by the referee.{{efn|name=fn1|[[Fouls and misconduct (association football)#Yellow card (caution)|Yellow]] and [[Fouls and misconduct (association football)#Red card (dismissal)|red cards]] were incorporated into the [[Laws of the Game (association football)|Laws of the Game]] for the [[1970 FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/news/newsid=80623/index.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111023004530/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/news/newsid=80623/index.html | url-status = dead|date=15 January 2002 | archive-date = 23 October 2011 | title = Ken Aston - the inventor of yellow and red cards | publisher =[[FIFA]] | access-date =3 July 2023 }}</ref>}} India forwards Mewalal and Venkatesh continued to impress with their runs, passing, ball control, and shooting, resulting in another 3–0 victory before about 15,000 spectators.<br />
<br />
The first goal came in the 10th minute when Mewalal passed to Venkatesh, who shot from outside the [[Penalty area|penalty box]]. They reversed roles for the second goal, with Venkatesh setting up Mewalal for a shot to the far corner of the net in the 16th minute. India continued to dominate in the second half, but several shots hit the crossbar. The third goal for India followed a goalmouth melee, with Nandy scoring to send India to the final.<ref name="India vs Afghanistan 1951 match"/><br />
<br />
India played in a [[Formation (association football)#Pyramid (2–3–5)|2–3–5 formation]] throughout the tournament. In the final against Iran on 10 March, goalkeeper Anthony was brought back into the starting lineup. The match was dull and scrappy from the start, with the barefooted Indian players reluctant to tackle the booted Iranians. The 25,000 spectators were disappointed with India's first-half performance. The defense of captain Manna, [[Thenmadom Varghese|T. Papen]] and goalkeeper Anthony, however, was praised for saving three goal-scoring chances. Rawat was clinical in his tackling and clearances, and his consistent passes to the forward line were valuable. Inside-right [[Runu Guha Thakurta|Guha Thakurta]] and Mewalal kept the Iranian defense busy in the first half. India scored in the 34th minute; Thakurta sent in a cross from the right wing, which Mewalal trapped and [[Volley (association football)|volleyed]] into the net. India defeated Iran in the final for their first-ever Asian Games gold medal and Asia championship.<ref name="FirstEverAsiaChampion">{{cite web |title=India go top in Asia |url=https://www.fifamuseum.com/en/blog-stories/blog/india-go-top-in-asia-2609547/ |website=fifamuseum.com |publisher=[[FIFA]]|date=16 December 2015 |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129053628/https://www.fifamuseum.com/en/blog-stories/blog/india-go-top-in-asia-2609547/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mewalal was the tournament's highest goalscorer.{{efn|name=fn2|Mewalal scored the winning goal, but almost missed the final. A day before the match, he was notified about a family member's death and wanted to leave for [[Calcutta]]. Rahim could not dissuade him, but [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] intervened and Mewalal stayed. Nehru and [[President of India|President]] [[Rajendra Prasad]] were present for the match; a fan of Mewalal and sports, Nehru ensured that an [[Indian Air Force]] [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|Dakota plane]] at [[Safdarjung Airport]] be kept waiting to take off. After the medal ceremony in the evening of the final match, Mewalal flew back to Calcutta to join his grieving family.<ref name="1951AG matches"/>}}<ref name="India vs Iran 1951 match"/><ref name="1951AG matches">{{cite news|last=Ghoshal|first=Amoy |title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1951 New Delhi|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1951-new-delhi<br />
|access-date=30 May 2023|newspaper=Sportskeeda |date=15 August 2014 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407042725/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1951-new-delhi |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TOIMewalal">{{cite news |last1=Datta |first1=K. |title=Mewalal: A brilliant goal-poacher |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Mewalal-A-brilliant-goal-poacher/articleshow/3902256.cms |access-date=5 July 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=Times News Network |date=28 December 2008 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705054253/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Mewalal-A-brilliant-goal-poacher/articleshow/3902256.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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=== {{anchor|1954: an early exit}}1954: Early exit ===<br />
The [[Football at the 1954 Asian Games|1954 Asian Games]] were held in [[Manila]] in May. On 1 May, the [[Football at the 1954 Asian Games#Draw|draws]] for the [[Football at the 1954 Asian Games|tournament]] were announced. Twelve teams participated, seven for the first time. India was drawn in [[Football at the 1954 Asian Games#Group C|Group C]] with [[Indonesia national football team|Indonesia]] and [[Japan national football team|Japan]]. The winners of each three-team group would advance to the semifinals; the winners of the [[Football at the 1954 Asian Games#Semifinals|semifinals]] would play for the gold medal, and the losers of the semifinals would play for the bronze medal. Match length was increased to 80 minutes, with two 40-minute halves. India were the defending champions.<ref name="rsssf1958"/><ref name="Draw1954">{{cite news|title=India's first match today, Football draw announced|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19540503&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|page=8|accessdate=30 June 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|date=1 May 1954|archive-date=5 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705085404/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19540503&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Memory of the squad's worst defeat (1–10 against [[Yugoslavia national football team|Yugoslavia]] at the [[Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics|1952 Olympics]]) was still fresh, although they had won the [[1953 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1953 Colombo Cup]] a few months earlier.<ref>{{cite web |title=Olympic football tournament Helsinki 1952 |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/mensolympic/helsinki1952/matches/round=197060/match=32371/index.html |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=10 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512193032/https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/mensolympic/helsinki1952/matches/round%3D197060/match%3D32371/index.html |archive-date=12 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India presented with trophies|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=usw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=W0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2927%2C2392456|page=8|accessdate=30 June 2023|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|date=2 November 1953|archive-date=13 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513065005/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=usw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=W0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2927,2392456|url-status=live}}</ref> The team was led by Manna and managed by [[Balaidas Chatterjee]].<br />
<br />
India won the first group match against Japan, 3–2. [[Forward (association football)#Centre-forward|Centre-forward]] [[Syed Moinuddin]] scored two goals, and right-out [[Joe D'Sa]] scored one. Japan's two goals were scored by [[Association football positions#Winger|right–in]] [[Takashi Takabayashi]] and centre-forward [[Taizo Kawamoto]].<ref name="India vs Indonesia 1954 match"/> On 3 May, however, India was defeated in the next (and final) group match by Indonesia 0–4. Indonesia forwards [[Djamiat Dhalhar]] and [[Andi Ramang]] scored a [[Hat-trick#Association football|brace]], giving India an early exit from the tournament.{{efn|name=fn3|According to Indian [[Sports commentator|football journalist and commentator]] [[Novy Kapadia]], the Indian players were already tired before the May games (the end of India's football season). The matches were played under floodlights, to which Indian players were unaccustomed.<ref name="1954AG matches"/>}}<ref name="India vs Indonesia 1954 match"/><ref name="1954AG matches">{{cite news|last=Ghoshal|first=Amoy |title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1962 Jakarta|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1954-manila<br />
|access-date=30 May 2023|newspaper=Sportskeeda |date=16 August 2014 |archive-date=25 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225024013/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1954-manila |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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=== {{anchor|1958: a misfortune}}1958: Misfortune ===<br />
India bounced back at the [[1958 Asian Games]] under coach [[T. Shome]]. Fourteen teams participated, with [[Israel national football team|Israel]] and [[Malaya national football team|Malaya]] making their debut. The matches had two 45-minute halves, with an additional 30 minutes if [[Tie (draw)|tied]] in a [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout game]]. India was drawn in [[Football at the 1958 Asian Games#Group B|Group B]] with Burma and Indonesia, and the top two teams advanced to the knockout stage. They began the group stage with a 3–2 win against Burma, with [[Chuni Goswami]], [[Tulsidas Balaram]] and [[D. Damodaran]] scoring. In the second match, Indonesia repeated their 1954 Asiad victory with a 2–1 win; [[Thio Him Tjiang]] scored twice for Indonesia, and [[Mohammed Rahmatullah]] scored for India. India defeated [[Hong Kong national football team|Hong Kong]] 5–2 in the quarterfinals, with Rahmatullah scoring twice and Goswami, Balaram, and Damodaran scoring once. This gave India a medal chance, since Hong Kong was the third-seeded team in the tournament.<ref name="1958AG matches"/><ref name="Report 1958 AG">{{cite book |publisher=The Organizing Committee for III Asian Games |title=Official report of III Asian Games |location=Tokyo |pages=50, 75, 76 |url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digitisation/OCR%20Done/OCR%203/MTAR_0001/Official%20Report%20of%20III%20Asian%20Games.pdf |access-date=5 July 2023|archive-date=17 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717064752/http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digitisation/OCR%20Done/OCR%203/MTAR_0001/Official%20Report%20of%20III%20Asian%20Games.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="India vs South Korea 1958 match"/><br />
<br />
India lost to South Korea 1–3 in the semifinals, unable to overcome tired legs from the previous matches. The players lacked coordination, and strikers could not convert passes from the wingers. Few chances were created by India, and the Korean defense (including goalkeeper [[Ham Heung-chul]]) was well-organized. Rahmatullah scored India's only goal in the first half, and [[Choi Chung-min]], [[Lee Soo-nam]] and [[Moon Jung-sik]] scored for South Korea in the second half. India faced Indonesia again in the bronze-medal match, losing 4–1 before 45,000 spectators. Although India attacked well in the first half, their execution failed. Indonesia scored their first goal in the 10th minute with a [[corner kick]] by [[Saari (footballer)|Saari]], who curled the ball into the net; Balaram equalized for India in the first minute of the second half from a penalty kick. However, [[Omo Suratmo]] and [[Wowo Sunaryo]] scored two goals in the 59th and 60th minutes for Indonesia. [[Phwa Sian Liong]] finished off a solo run to score Indonesia's fourth (and final) goal in the 88th minute.<ref name="India vs Indonesia 1958 bronze match"/><br />
<br />
=== {{anchor|1962: the reign of Golden Trio}}1962: The Golden Trio ===<br />
==== Overview and draws ====<br />
[[File:India Football Team before departure for 1962Asiad.jpg|thumb|right|The Indian squad before their departure for [[Jakarta]] and the [[Football at the 1962 Asian Games|1962 Asiad]]|alt=India national football team in India Asian Games suit before boarding the plane for Jakara, Indonesia.]]<br />
The [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] nearly pruned the football team from the Indian contingent for the 1962 Asian Games as an austerity measure. After several rounds of talks with the [[Indian Olympic Association]] (IOA), however, the ministry approved the team's participation.<ref>{{cite news|title=Warm-up meets may be pruned: Soccer squad doubtful|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620807&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|page=8|accessdate=30 June 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|date=6 August 1962|archive-date=17 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717105158/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620807&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Asian Games: Football team to make trip|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620808&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|page=8|accessdate=30 June 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=7 August 1962|archive-date=17 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717105159/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620808&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
The initial draw was conducted on 14 August 1962. Eleven teams were drawn in four groups, including defending champion Republic of China.<ref name="OriginalDraw1962">{{cite web |title=Draw raises Malaysian hopes of top 4 placing |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19580531-1.2.164 |page=17 |accessdate=11 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=16 August 1962 |archive-date=11 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611154044/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19580531-1.2.164 |url-status=live }}</ref> Indonesia, the host country, denied visas to the delegations from Israel and the Republic of China for political and diplomatic reasons;<ref name="AGfiasco">{{cite journal |title=Editorials: Asian Games fiasco |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |date=8 September 1962 |volume=14 |issue=36 |pages=1428, 1429 |url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1962_14/36/asian_games_fiasco.pdf |access-date=27 August 2023 |series=1962 |publisher=Sameeksha Trust (India) |issn=0012-9976 |oclc=46735231|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826195925/https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1962_14/36/asian_games_fiasco.pdf |archive-date=2023-08-26 }}</ref><ref name="goalreport">{{cite web |last1=Mitra |first1=Atanu |title=India football team's win in 1962 Asian Games: 5 facts you didn't know |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/india-football-teams-win-in-1962-asian-games-5-facts-you-didnt-know/1qzl6p1f88wqb1ryi72p2v57ia |website=goal.com|date=3 September 2017 |access-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826143725/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/india-football-teams-win-in-1962-asian-games-5-facts-you-didnt-know/1qzl6p1f88wqb1ryi72p2v57ia |archive-date=26 August 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> this led the [[World Athletics|International Amateur Athletic Federation]] and the [[International Weightlifting Federation]] to withdraw their sanction for the games.<br />
<br />
Indian sports administrator [[Guru Dutt Sondhi]], vice-president of the Asian Games Federation (AGF) and the IOC observer at the 1962 games, said that they should not be called the "Fourth Asian Games" to safeguard the competition's status. This was misinterpreted by the game organizers, the Indonesian [[Mass media in Indonesia|press]] and [[Government of Indonesia|government]] and the people, who became hostile towards the [[India at the 1962 Asian Games|Indian contingent]].{{efn|name=fn4|Indonesia succumbed to pressure from Arab countries who wanted an expulsion of Israel, and from the [[People's Republic of China]] for the expulsion of [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan) and [[South Korea]] from the games. This was against AGF rules and Indonesia's promise to invite all federation members, including those with whom it had no diplomatic relations (Israel, Republic of China and South Korea). Not allowing Israel and Taiwan, accredited by the AGF (recognized by the IOC as the games' organiser), jeopardized IOC recognition of the Asian Games; this would have affected all athletes and sportsmen, who would be subject to disqualification from IOC events (including the [[Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]). Indonesia invited South Korea to participate.<ref name="AGfiasco"/><ref name="1964OlyComm">{{cite web |title=Meeting of the Executive Board of the International Olympic Committee with the delegates of the National Olympic Committees |url=http://www.aafla.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1965/BDCE89/BDCE89q.pdf |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=27 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051226220143/http://www.aafla.org:80/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1965/BDCE89/BDCE89q.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2005 |date=3 October 1964 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Ocasia1962"/><ref name="IsraelTaiwan">{{cite news|title=Taiwan not to be allowed to enter—Dr. Subandrio|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iH5lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vZ0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=615%2C3436553|page=8|accessdate=30 June 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=24 August 1962|archive-date=10 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710113128/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iH5lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vZ0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=615,3436553|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indonesian Paper Urges Exclusion of Israel from Asian Sport Games |url=https://www.jta.org/archive/indonesian-paper-urges-exclusion-of-israel-from-asian-sport-games |access-date=10 July 2023 |work=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] |date=10 July 1958|archive-date=10 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710102103/https://www.jta.org/archive/indonesian-paper-urges-exclusion-of-israel-from-asian-sport-games|url-status=live}}</ref>}}<ref name="ISEAS">{{cite book |last1=Sandhu |first1=K. S. |last2=Mani |first2=A. |title=India Communities in Southeast Asia |date=2006 |publisher=[[ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute|Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]] |location=Singapore |isbn=9812304185 |page=108 |edition=2006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TeExjdWUmJYC&dq=India+embassy+ransacked+in+Indonesia+Asian+Games&pg=PA108 |access-date=25 October 2023 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103190121/https://books.google.com/books?id=TeExjdWUmJYC&dq=India+embassy+ransacked+in+Indonesia+Asian+Games&pg=PA108 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Ocasia1962">{{cite web |title=Jakarta1962 |url=http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GameParticular.aspx?SYCXGjC0df%2BJ2ChZBk5tvA=%3D |website=ocasia.org |access-date=10 July 2023|archive-date=1 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101050016/http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GameParticular.aspx?SYCXGjC0df%2BJ2ChZBk5tvA=%3D|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Taiwan Review">{{cite news |title=Taiwan review: Asian strangest Games |url=https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=12&post=23475&unitname=Society-Taiwan-Review&postname=Asia%27s-Strangest-Games |access-date=27 August 2023 |work=Taiwan Today |date=1 September 1962 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827144408/https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=12&post=23475&unitname=Society-Taiwan-Review&postname=Asia%27s-Strangest-Games |archive-date=27 August 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> A revised draw was held on 24 August 1962, with eight teams divided into two groups. India was in Group B with [[Thailand national football team|Thailand]], Japan, and South Korea. The draw included provisions for the possible participation of Israel and the Republic of China.<ref name="Draw1962">{{cite news|title=Provision for Taiwan Israel for soccer draw|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iH5lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vZ0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=839%2C3435508|page=8|accessdate=30 June 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|agency=[[Reuters]]|date=24 August 1962|archive-date=10 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710111413/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iH5lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vZ0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=839,3435508|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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==== {{anchor|The second gold: greatest achievement of Indian football}}Second gold: Indian football's greatest achievement ====<br />
[[File:GoldenTrioIndianFootball.jpg|left|thumb|''(left to right)'' [[Chuni Goswami|Goswami]], [[P. K. Banerjee|Banerjee]] and [[Tulsidas Balaram|Balaram]], the Golden Trio of Indian football, won gold at the [[Football at the 1962 Asian Games|1962 Asian Games]].|alt=Goswami, Banejee and Balaram playing for the CSTC club.]]<br />
After Balaidas Chatterjee and T. Shome failed to give India a medal in the previous two outings, Syed Abdul Rahim was again given responsibility for the team in the 1962 Asiad. Since Rahim guided India to the first Asian Games gold medal and the semi–finals of the [[Association football at the 1956 Summer Olympics|1956 Olympics]] (India's best Olympics result to date), the team was expected to perform well.<ref name="Babu Narayan interview">{{cite web |author= Ayush Srivastava|title=India's Olympic Heroes: Babu Narayan takes us through his 1956 and 1960 experience |url=https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2012/07/25/3263069/indias-olympic-heroes-babu-narayan-takes-us-through-his-1956-and- |website=www.goal.com |access-date=10 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110133638/https://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2012/07/25/3263069/indias-olympic-heroes-babu-narayan-takes-us-through-his-1956-and- |archive-date=10 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tft">{{cite web |last1=Sengupta |first1=Somanath |title=The 1962 Asian Games: When India conquered the continent |url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2016/12/20/the-1962-asian-games-when-india-conquered-the-continent/ |website=thesefootballtimes.com |access-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523094658/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2016/12/20/the-1962-asian-games-when-india-conquered-the-continent/ |archive-date=23 May 2023 |date=20 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rahim (who had [[cancer]]) had the best possible forward line of [[P. K. Banerjee]], [[Chuni Goswami]], [[Tulsidas Balaram]], who became known as the "golden trio of Indian football". Rahim's squad also had the best defense line, which included [[Jarnail Singh (footballer)|Jarnail Singh]], [[Arun Ghosh]], [[O. Chandrashekar|Chandrashekar Menon]] and [[Trilok Singh (footballer)|Trilok Singh]].<ref name="AsianGamesbyOlympics">{{cite web |last1=Nag |first1=Utathya |title=Indian football at the Asian Games: A glorious start that faded away |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-football-asian-games-results-medals |website=olympics.com |access-date=18 July 2023|date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530120618/https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-football-asian-games-results-medals|archive-date=30 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="GoldentriobyOlympics">{{cite web |last1=Nag |first1=Utathya |title=PK, Chuni, Balaram, the troika that scripted Indian football's Golden Era |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/golden-era-indian-football-team-players-top-players-pk-banerjee-chuni-goswami|website=olympics.com |access-date=21 April 2025|date=2 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126181415/https://www.olympics.com/en/news/golden-era-indian-football-team-players-top-players-pk-banerjee-chuni-goswami|archive-date=26 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarkar |first1=Dhiman |title=Tulsidas Balaram, the last of India's golden trio, dies |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/tulsidas-balaram-india-s-asian-games-gold-medal-winning-footballer-dies-101676542179497.html |access-date=18 July 2023 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604101257/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/tulsidas-balaram-india-s-asian-games-gold-medal-winning-footballer-dies-101676542179497.html|archive-date=4 June 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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[[File:1962 Asiad India football team Gold Medal winner.jpg|thumb|The Indian team celebrates after defeating [[South Korea national football team|South Korea]] in the final of the [[Football at the 1962 Asian Games|1962 Asiad]] at [[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium|Senayan Main Stadium]] in [[Jakarta]].|alt=India national football team dancing after winning the gold medal at 1962 Asian Games football tournament]]<br />
He used the [[Formation (association football)#3–2–4–1|3–2–5]] formation in the first match against South Korea, who had won the [[1960 AFC Asian Cup]]. South Korea dominated the match, defeating India 2–0. In the early minutes, Indian forward Goswami failed to convert several chances when Balaram passed him the ball at the goalmouth. Korea impressed the 95,000 spectators with better ball control, tactics and quick passes. Forward [[Chung Soon-choon]] volleyed the ball from a corner kick in the 30th minute for their first goal. In the second half, Korean inside–out [[Cha Tae-sung]] beat Indian goalkeeper [[Pradyut Barman]] for his team's second goal.<ref name="India vs South Korea 1962 match"/> In the second match, against Thailand, India had better [[Association football#Gameplay|gameplay]] and won 4–1. Center–back Jarnail Singh was injured in a head collision, however; he was stretchered off, needed several stitches, and India was one man down.{{efn|name=fn5|[[Substitute (association football)|Substitution]] was not then used in the Asian Games.<ref name="cpd">{{cite web |last1=Punakkattu |first1=Daniel |title=Arun Ghosh: Even as entire Indonesia wanted us to lose, Pakistan Hockey Team cheered for us |url=https://blog.cpdfootball.de/2020/09/04/arun-ghosh-even-as-entire-indonesia-wanted-us-to-lose-pakistan-hockey-team-cheered-for-us/ |website=blog.cpdfootball.de |access-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022130143/https://blog.cpdfootball.de/2020/09/04/arun-ghosh-even-as-entire-indonesia-wanted-us-to-lose-pakistan-hockey-team-cheered-for-us/ |archive-date=22 October 2021 |date=4 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}<ref name="cpd"/><ref name="aiff1962CG">{{cite web |title=1962 Gold stays India's biggest achievement till date: Chuni Goswami |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/1962-gold-stays-indias-biggest-achievement-till-date-chuni-goswami |website=the-aiff.com |access-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507214225/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/1962-gold-stays-indias-biggest-achievement-till-date-chuni-goswami |archive-date=7 May 2020 |date=1 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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[[P. K. Banerjee]] scored a brace, and Chuni Goswami and Tulsidas Balaram scored one goal each; Thailand scored one goal.<ref name="India vs Thailand 1962 match"/> For the last group-stage match, India faced Japan. Although India won, their performance was less impressive than the previous match. During the first half, Japanese forward [[Saburō Kawabuchi]] and midfielder [[Shozo Tsugitani]] troubled defender [[O. Chandrashekar|Chandrasekhar Menon]] and goal-keeper Barman several times. India began attacking in the second half, but several chances were missed. Their first goal was in the 54th minute, when [[Ram Bahadur Chettri|Ram Bahadur]] [[Chip (association football)|lobbed]] the ball in front of the goal to Banerjee, who put it in the net. Balaram scored India's second goal in the 71st minute, when confusion between Japanese goalkeeper [[Tsukasa Hosaka]] and his defenders placed the ball at Balaram's feet.<ref name="India vs Japan 1962 match"/><br />
<br />
{{football squad on pitch|thumb|80px||align=right<br />
| GK = '''[[Peter Thangaraj|Thangaraj]]'''<br />
| RCB = '''[[Trilok Singh (footballer)|T. Singh]]'''<br />
| LCB = '''[[O. Chandrashekar|Chandrashekar]]'''<br />
| RDM = '''[[Prasanta Sinha|Sinha]]'''<br />
| LDM = '''[[Fortunato Franco|Franco]]'''<br />
| CM = '''[[Arun Ghosh|Ghosh]]'''<br />
| RW = '''[[P. K. Banerjee|Banerjee]]'''<br />
| LW = '''[[Tulsidas Balaram|Balaram]]'''<br />
| RCF = '''[[Yousuf Khan (footballer)|Y. Khan]]'''<br />
| CF = '''[[Jarnail Singh (footballer)|J. Singh]]'''<br />
| LCF = '''[[Chuni Goswami|Goswami]]'''<br />
|caption= India's 2–3–5 formation against South Korea in the [[Football at the 1962 Asian Games|1962 Asian Games]] gold–medal match.<br />
|<br />
}}<br />
India faced [[South Vietnam national football team|South Vietnam]], who topped [[Football at the 1962 Asian Games#Group A|group A]], in the semi–final on 1 September. Rahim used a 3–2–5 formation and made two changes; [[Prasanta Sinha]] replaced injured [[Ram Bahadur Chettri|Ram Bahadur]], and Jarnail Singh was brought in. Singh was positioned as center–forward instead of defender, which helped the team to win the match. India's golden trio began attacking from the start; their first goal was in the 13th minute, when inside-left Goswami scored from a pass from left winger Balaram. Balaram again created a chance in the 18th minute, but the ball hit the post. He continued his attack, dribbling the ball through the Vietnamese defense and taking a 20th-minute shot which went wide of the net. P. K. Banerjee took a 30th-minute free kick, which was saved by Vietnamese goalkeeper [[Pham Van Rang]]. The Indian forwards then increased their attacks, and a Banerjee header barely missed the net. India scored their second goal in the 41st minute, when defender-turned-striker Singh rushed through the defense and tapped the ball from three yards out. In the second half, Vietnam began attacking to even the score. Vietnam's first goal was in the 52nd minute, when left–back [[Phan Duong Cam]] scored from a [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalty kick]]. Inside–right [[Do Thol Vinh]] shot several times before finding success in the 64th minute, when he flicked a ball into the net after a melee with the Indian defenders. Goswami scored the final goal of the match in the 75th minute, when his soft lob cleared goalkeeper Van Rang and sent India to the Asiad final for the second time.<ref name="India vs South Vietnam 1962 match"/><br />
<br />
In the final, on 4 September, India again faced South Korea. Rahim played a [[Formation (association football)#Pyramid (2–3–5)|2–3–5 formation]] with goalkeeper [[Peter Thangaraj]]. Thangaraj played an important role in the match, saving several shots from Koreans attacking from all directions. The crowd of 100,000 was generally hostile to India, booing throughout the match but cheering Thangaraj's saves.{{efn|name=fn6|A mob broke into the Indian embassy during the games, ransacking and torching it, and the stadium crowd booed during the playing of India's national anthem.<ref name="AGfiasco"/><ref name="goalreport"/>}}{{efn|name=fn7|India had an unexpected group of supporters in the gallery: the [[Pakistan national hockey team]].<ref name="SS TheHindu1962"/><ref name="aiff1962CG"/>}} He was beaten in the 85th minute by Korean inside–right [[Cha Tae-sung]] for Korea's only goal. India had had a 2–0 lead, with both goals scored in the first half. The first was in the 17th minute, when team captain Goswami scored from a melee at the goalmouth. Jarnail Singh, who had been switched to forward from defense, had a bandaged head from a previous-match injury. He scored the second goal, lobbing the ball over Korean goalkeeper [[Ham Heung-chul]].<ref name="India vs SouthKorea 1962 gold match"/> India won 2–1, for the team's second Asian Games gold medal. It is considered the greatest achievement of the Indian national team, which overcame participation uncertainties, a hostile host, injury, and the defending [[1960 AFC Asian Cup#Results|Asian champion]] South Korea.<ref name="goalreport"/><ref name="aiff1962CG"/><ref name="SS TheHindu1962">{{cite news|title=On this day: India wins football gold in 1962 Asian Games|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/on-this-day-indian-football-team-asian-games-1962-gold-arun-ghosh-south-korea-jakarta/article32523326.ece |access-date=24 July 2023 |work=[[Sportstar]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 September 2020|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006011100/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/on-this-day-indian-football-team-asian-games-1962-gold-arun-ghosh-south-korea-jakarta/article32523326.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FIFAmuseum">{{cite web |title=India go top in Asia |url=https://www.fifamuseum.com/en/blog-stories/blog/india-go-top-in-asia-2609547/ |website=fifamuseum.com |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=12 July 2023|date=16 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707203429/https://www.fifamuseum.com/en/blog-stories/blog/india-go-top-in-asia-2609547/|archive-date=7 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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== {{anchor|1966: a setback}}1966: Setback ==<br />
After the 1962 victory, India did well in the [[Merdeka Tournament|Merdeka]] and was runner-up at the [[1964 AFC Asian Cup]]. With Rahim's untimely death and the early retirement of Goswami and Balaram, however, they were not the [[Football at the 1966 Asian Games|1966 Asiad]] favorites despite their status as defending champions. India was drawn in a difficult [[Football at the 1966 Asian Games#Group B|group]] with Iran, Japan and Malaysia, playing for coach [[Mohammed Hussain (football coach)|Mohammed Hussain]] and captained by Jarnail Singh. They won one match, 2–1, against Malaysia. India lost to Japan and Iran by scores of 2–1 and 4–1, respectively, and did not move up to the knockout stage.<ref name="1966AG matches"/><br />
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== {{anchor|1970: the last strive}}1970: Swan song ==<br />
Four years later, at the [[Football at the 1970 Asian Games|1970 Bangkok Games]], India won the bronze medal. It was the team's last hurrah before its performance declined for almost four decades.<ref name="AsianGamesbyOlympics"/><ref name="IndiaatAGbyBS">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Abhishek |title=Indian football teams at Asian Games: Here's how they have performed so far |url=https://www.business-standard.com/sports/football-news/indian-football-teams-at-asian-games-here-s-how-they-have-performed-so-far-123072600953_1.html |access-date=17 August 2023 |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=26 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811231119/https://www.business-standard.com/sports/football-news/indian-football-teams-at-asian-games-here-s-how-they-have-performed-so-far-123072600953_1.html |archive-date=11 August 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> The team was coached by [[G. M. H. Basha]] and managed by [[Football at the 1962 Asian Games#Medalists|1962 gold medalist]] P. K. Banerjee; [[Syed Nayeemuddin]] was team captain. The games were originally scheduled to take place in [[Islamabad]], Pakistan, but nine months before they began they were moved to [[Bangkok]]. The tournament was shortened to ten days, with India playing six matches in nine days. For the [[Football at the 1970 Asian Games#Preliminary round|preliminary round]], India was drawn with host Thailand and South Vietnam. With a 2–2 draw against Thailand and a 2–0 win against South Vietnam, India moved to the quarter–final round. The 10 December match against Thailand, before 50,000 spectators on a pitch slippery from drizzle, was critical for India. The squad were two goals down by the 21st minute before forward [[Subhash Bhowmick]] scored a brace to equalize and barely missed a match-winning hat trick. In the second match, against South Vietnam the following day, [[Mohammed Habib (footballer)|Mohammed Habib]] and [[Magan Singh Rajvi]] scored one goal each.<ref name="scrollAG1970">{{cite news |last1=Basu |first1=Jaydeep |title=Indian football's finest: 50 years on, remembering the stars of 1970 Asian Games bronze-winning team |url=https://scroll.in/field/951976/indian-footballs-finest-50-years-on-remembering-the-stars-of-1970-asian-games-bronze-winning-team |access-date=17 August 2023 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=3 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720000743/https://scroll.in/field/951976/indian-footballs-finest-50-years-on-remembering-the-stars-of-1970-asian-games-bronze-winning-team |archive-date=20 July 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="1970AG matches"/><ref name="news18AG1970"/><br />
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The [[Football at the 1970 Asian Games#Quarterfinals|quarter–final]] was played in two groups. India was placed in [[Football at the 1970 Asian Games#Group Aa|group A]] with Indonesia and Japan. They dominated the first match 3–0 against Indonesia on 15 December, with [[Doraiswamy Nataraj]], Rajvi and [[Shyam Thapa]] scoring a goal apiece. India lost the 17 December match against Japan when forward [[Takeo Takahashi (footballer)|Takeo Kimura]] scored the lone Japanese goal in the 88th minute.<ref name="India vs Japan 1970 group match"/> With one win and one loss, India was runner–up in the group and moved on the semi–final against [[Football at the 1970 Asian Games#Group Bb|group B]] winners [[Myanmar national football team|Burma]] the following day.<ref name="1970AG matches">{{cite web |last1=Ghoshal |first1=Amoy |title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1970 Bangkok |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1970-bangkok |website=www.sportskeeda.com |access-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805160312/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1970-bangkok |archive-date=5 August 2023 |date=26 August 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="news18AG1970">{{cite news |title=When FIFA President Called Indian Football Team as 'Best Technical Side of Asia' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/when-fifa-president-called-indian-football-team-as-best-technical-side-of-asia-3196571.html |access-date=17 August 2023 |work=[[CNN-News18]] |date=20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920175237/https://www.news18.com/news/sports/when-fifa-president-called-indian-football-team-as-best-technical-side-of-asia-3196571.html |archive-date=20 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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Burma, the [[Football at the 1966 Asian Games#Gold medal match|defending champions]], were the favorites; as expected, their better skills, passing and attacking won the match against India. Burmese striker [[Ye Nyunt]] scored a brace for his team to reach the final, and India moved on to the 19 December bronze-medal match against Japan. Japan was the favorite, since they had defeated India in the group match. India won by a solitary goal, however, scored by [[Manjit Singh (1970s footballer)|Manjit Singh]].<ref name="India vs Japan 1970 bronze medal match"/> The result was helped by India's defenders; right–back [[Sudhir Karmakar]] marked Japanese striker [[Kunishige Kamamoto]] so skillfully that [[List of presidents of FIFA|FIFA president]] [[Stanley Rous]] called Karmakar "Asia's best defender" and India "the most skillful team of the tournament".<ref name="news18AG1970"/><ref name="1970AG matches"/><ref name="AiffHistory">{{cite web |title=Indian Football Down the Years: Looking back at the glorious moments |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-football-down-the-years-looking-back-at-the-glorious-moments |website=www.the-aiff.com |access-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921011335/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-football-down-the-years-looking-back-at-the-glorious-moments |archive-date=21 September 2022 |date=15 August 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> This was the India senior national team's last medal at the Asian Games.<ref name="AsianGamesbyOlympics"/><br />
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== Decline ==<br />
=== {{anchor|1974: the worst outing}}1974: Worst outing ===<br />
India's performance sharply declined after 1970, so much so that the senior national team never finished in the top four from the [[Football at the 1974 Asian Games|1974]] to the [[Football at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's tournament|1998]] Asiads.<ref name="AsianGamesbyOlympics"/> The decline began with a bad outing at the 1971 [[Merdeka Tournament]], where they were defeated 9–0 by Burma on 6 August 1971.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Morrison |first1=Niel |title=Merdeka Tournament 1971 (Malaysia) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/merdeka71.html |work=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=19 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416132038/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/merdeka71.html |archive-date=16 April 2023 |date=8 December 1999 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitra |first1=Atanu |title=A 9-1 loss to Myanmar in 1971 kick-started Indian National Football Team's descent: It's time to halt it |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-national-football-team-how-a-drubbing-against-myanmar/1itsq2ad0gm5419idiy1x0lny6 |website=goal.com |access-date=19 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406224121/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-national-football-team-how-a-drubbing-against-myanmar/1itsq2ad0gm5419idiy1x0lny6 |archive-date=6 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> This was followed by a poor performance at the [[Football at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification|1972 Summer Olympics qualifications]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Morrison |first1=Neil |title=Games of the XX. Olympiad: Football Qualifying Tournament |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/ol1972q.html |work=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531021317/https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/ol1972q.html |archive-date=31 May 2023 |date=17 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> They did not even take part in the [[1972 AFC Asian Cup qualification]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Panahi |first1=Majeed |last2=Veroeveren |first2=Pieter |title=Asian Nations Cup 1972: Qualifying Tournament |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/72asch.html |work=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328171157/https://www.rsssf.org/tables/72asch.html |archive-date=28 March 2023 |date=12 June 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> India was not among the favorites for the 1974 tournament, despite their 1970 bronze medal. Although coach Basha and manager Banerjee remained with the team with players Bhowmick, Habib, Thapa, Nataraj and Rajvi, their poor performance continued in 1974. India was drawn in [[Football at the 1974 Asian Games#Group B|Group B]] for the preliminary round with [[Iraq national football team|Iraq]], [[China national football team|China]] and [[North Korea national football team|North Korea]]. India lost all the three matches: 0–3 to Iraq, 1–7 to China and 1–4 to North Korea. The match against China was the team's worst defeat in the Asian Games; the 1974 games were the team's worst, with 14 goals conceded. Rajvi scored two goals, one each against China and North Korea.<ref name="1974AG matches">{{cite web |last1=Ghoshal |first1=Amoy |title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1974 Tehran |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1974-tehran |website=sportskeeda.com |access-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820075423/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1974-tehran |archive-date=20 August 2023 |date=21 August 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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=== 1978 to 1994 ===<br />
In [[Football at the 1978 Asian Games|1978]], India was coached by [[Arun Ghosh]] and [[Gurdev Singh Gill (footballer)|Gurdev Singh Gill]] was the team captain. India was drawn in Group A of the [[Football at the 1978 Asian Games#Preliminary round|preliminary round]] with [[Malaysia national football team|Malaysia]] and [[Bangladesh national football team|Bangladesh]], losing 0–1 to Malaysia and defeating Bangladesh 3–0 victory. [[Bidesh Ranjan Bose|Bidesh Bose]], [[Harjinder Singh (Indian footballer)|Harjinder Singh]] and [[Xavier Pius]] scored one goal each. With one win and one loss, India moved to the next round and faced [[Kuwait national football team|Kuwait]], North Korea and Iraq. Kuwait defeated India 6–1, North Korea defeated India 3–1 and Iraq also won, preventing India from advancing. [[Surajit Sengupta]] scored the lone goal for India against Kuwait, and [[A. Devraj Doraiswamy]] scored their only goal against North Korea.<ref name="1978AG matches"/><br />
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India hosted the [[1982 Asian Games]] in New Delhi. P. K. Banerjee was appointed coach, and [[Bhaskar Ganguly]] became team captain. Sixteen teams participated in the [[Football at the 1982 Asian Games|football tournament]]. India was drawn in [[Football at the 1982 Asian Games#Group C|Group C]] for the preliminary round with Bangladesh, China and Malaysia. They defeated Bangladesh 2–0, Malaysia 1–0, and drew 2–2 against China to move to the [[Football at the 1982 Asian Games#Knockout round|knockouts]]. [[Prasun Banerjee]] scored in the early and final minutes against Bangladesh, and [[Kartick Seth]] scored the lone goal against Malaysia in the 68th minute; Shabbir Ali and Seth scored in the 53rd and 60th minutes, respectively, against China. India faced [[Football at the 1982 Asian Games#Group A|Group A]] runner–up [[Saudi Arabia national football team|Saudi Arabia]] in the quarter–finals. Despite the home advantage, India was defeated; [[Ahmed Bayazid]] scored the winning goal in the 89th minute to reach the semi–finals.<ref name="rsssf1982"/><ref name="1982AG matches">{{cite web |last1=Ghoshal |first1=Amoy |title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1982 New Delhi |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1982-new-delhi |website=sportskeeda.com |access-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821073453/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1982-new-delhi |archive-date=21 August 2023 |date=23 August 2014}}</ref><br />
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The team's poor performance continued in [[Football at the 1986 Asian Games|1986]]. India lost all its group matches (conceding eight goals) for the first time since 1974. South Korea won 3–0 on 20 September, China won 2–1 on 22 September, and Bahrain won 3–0 four days later. [[Debashish Mishra]] scored India's only goal, against China.<ref name="rsssf1986"/><ref name="1986AG matches">{{cite web |last1=Ghoshal |first1=Amoy |title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1986 Seoul |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1986-seoul |website=sportskeeda.com |access-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406114834/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1986-seoul |archive-date=6 April 2023 |date=24 August 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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One reason for the downfall of the Indian football team was a rift between the [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF) and the [[Calcutta Football League|Calcutta clubs]], players and coaches. Since India would host the 1982 Asian Games, the AIFF began preparations by giving international exposure (with longer camps) to the senior team near the end of 1980; this led to a dispute between the [[Calcutta Football League]] clubs and the AIFF, which did not realize that if the players remained with national team instead of representing the clubs, they would incur a financial loss. Most of the players from Bengal left the national camp and, although the matter was later resolved, preparations were hampered.{{efn|name=fn8|India's preparations were hindered as players chose clubs with whom they had contracts over the national team. Twenty-one players (nineteen of whom were from Bengal) left the national camp on 19 February 1981. The walkout was criticized by Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] and [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|West Bengal Chief Minister]] [[Jyoti Basu]]. [[All India Council of Sports]] president [[Sam Manekshaw]] persuaded the AIFF to reimburse the national-duty players by {{₹|2000|link=yes}} per month. After two months, the players returned to the national camp.<ref name="1982AG matches"/>}}<ref name="1982AG matches"/> Before the 1986 Asian Games, controversy arose about the selection of team captain. Coach P. K. Banerjee appointed defender [[Sudip Chatterjee (footballer)|Sudip Chatterjee]] captain, but midfielder [[Prasanta Banerjee]] said that he should have been given the position because of his seniority. Chatterjee remained captain; Banerjee claimed an injury and did not want to play, which divided the team. Manager P. P. Lakshmanan wrote a report critical of the Bengal players' attitude, and the [[Indian Olympic Association]] (IOA) withdrew the national team from the [[Football at the 1990 Asian Games|1990]] and [[Football at the 1994 Asian Games|1994]] games.<ref name="1986AG matches"/><br />
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=== {{anchor|1998: last participation as senior team}}1998: Last senior-team participation ===<br />
After missing the 1990 and 1994 games, the senior national team took part in the Asian Games in [[Football at the 1998 Asian Games|1998]] for the last time. The IOA authorized the team if the [[Government of India|government]] would not bear the expenses.<ref name="2006AG matches">{{cite web |last1=Ghoshal |first1=Amoy |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-2006-doha-asian-games-when-india-nearly-missed-out-on-participation|title=Indian football team at the 2006 Doha Asian Games: When India nearly missed out on participation |website=sportskeeda.com |access-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823095832/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-2006-doha-asian-games-when-india-nearly-missed-out-on-participation |archive-date=23 August 2023 |date=27 August 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Syed Nayeemuddin]] was the coach, and the team was managed by Chuni Goswami; [[I. M. Vijayan]] was the team captain. [[Jo Paul Ancheri]] scored one goal. In a single match he played three position. India began well in the preliminary round. In the first match, on 3 December against Japan, they lost by a solitary goal scored by Japanese forward [[Kenji Fukuda]].<ref name="India vs Japan 1998 match"/><ref name="India vs Nepal 1998 match"/> In the second match, on 5 December, India earned three points from a win against [[Nepal national football team|Nepal]] and moved to the second round; [[Carlton Chapman]] scored India's only goal. India then lost all their [[Football at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Second round|second-round]] matches: a 3–2 loss to [[Turkmenistan national football team|Turkmenistan]], a 2–0 defeat by Uzbekistan, and a 2–0 loss to North Korea. Vijayan and [[Tushar Rakshit]] scored for India against Turkmenistan.<ref name="India vs Turkmenistan 1998 match"/><ref name="India vs Uzbekistan 1998 match"/><ref name="India vs North Korea 1998 match"/><ref name="1998AG matches"/><br />
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== {{anchor|Participation of under–23 team}}Under-23 team ==<br />
=== {{anchor|2002: new rules}}2002: New rules ===<br />
As the turn of the century, the OCA changed the participation rules for the Asian Games. The age of the players was limited to 23, with three over-age players allowed on each squad; this was similar to the participation rules for the [[Football at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]].{{efn|name=fn9|Until the [[Football at the 1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Olympics]], only amateur players were eligible to play. Professional footballers were allowed by the IOC for the first time in [[Football at the 1984 Summer Olympics|1984]] if they had not participated in a [[FIFA World Cup]] match. Most countries fielded young professional players for the 1984 and the [[Football at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988 games]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Olympic Tournament |url=http://www.linguasport.com/futbol/internacional/olimpiadas/olympic.htm |website=linguasport.com |access-date=14 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515061420/http://www.linguasport.com/futbol/internacional/olimpiadas/olympic.htm |archive-date=15 May 2023 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> This led to a new regulation, agreed by the IOC and FIFA, that under-23 players could participate from the [[Football at the 1992 Summer Olympics|1992 Games]] onwards.<ref name="Fifa facts"/><ref name="oly1992u23">{{cite book |title=Barcelona 1992: Technical Report, Olympic football tournament |date=8 August 1992|page=7 |publisher=[[FIFA]] |location=Barcelona, Spain |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/04/90/oft_92_tr_part1_161.pdf |access-date=14 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220062542/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/04/90/oft_92_tr_part1_161.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="oly2020overview">{{cite web |title=Tokyo 2020:Football: About this sport |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/sports/football/ |website=olympics.com |access-date=14 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703153525/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/sports/football/ |archive-date=3 July 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}<ref name="OcasiaFootball">{{cite web |title=Sports : List of disciples (Football) |url=https://ocasia.org/sports/88-football-fb.html |website=ocasia.org |access-date=22 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206010102/https://ocasia.org/sports/88-football-fb.html |archive-date=6 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="asiad2002u23">{{cite news |title=PFF chief names Akhtar as head coach of Asian Games team |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/29-Aug-2010/pff-chief-names-akhtar-as-head-coach-of-asian-games-team |access-date=14 June 2023 |work=The Nation |date=29 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008130520/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Sports/29-Aug-2010/PFF-chief-names-Akhtar-as-head-coach-of-Asian-Games-team |archive-date=8 October 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Fifa facts">{{cite web |title=FIFA Facts |url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompoly/51/98/60/ip-208_01e_oly_men.pdf |publisher=FIFA |access-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924175855/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompoly/51/98/60/ip-208_01e_oly_men.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[2002 Asian Games]] were held in [[Busan]], South Korea, in September. The football tournament was the first in which under–23 teams participated. Similar to the 1998 games, the team was allowed to participate if the government did not have to pay.<ref name="2006AG matches"/> [[India national under-23 football team|India]] was drawn in [[Football at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Group C|Group C]] with [[Bangladesh national under-23 football team|Bangladesh]], [[Turkmenistan national under-23 football team|Turkmenistan]] and [[China national under-23 football team|China]] and defeated Bangladesh and Turkmenistan 3-0 and 3–1, respectively. Captain [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] played well, scoring two goals against each team.<ref name="India vs Bangladesh 2002 match"/><ref name="India vs Turkmenistan 2002 match"/> In the third match, on 3 October, India lost to China and finished as group runner-up. Despite earning six points from the two wins, the team did not move on to the knockouts due to a lower goal differential than other [[Football at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Second-placed teams|second-place teams]].<ref name="India vs China 2002 match"/><ref>{{cite news |title=A disappointing day for India |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021006/sports.htm |access-date=23 August 2023 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=5 October 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018001321/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021006/sports.htm#1 |archive-date=18 October 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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=== 2006–present ===<br />
The Indian football team almost missed a place in the [[Football at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2006 Guanzhou games]] because a criterion was adopted allowing squads for [[team sport]]s only if they had a fourth–to–sixth-place finish in the previous edition. The team was allowed, however, under condition that the AIFF would pay its expenses. [[Bob Houghton]] was the coach, and Bhutia was the team captain. India was drawn with [[Hong Kong national under-23 football team|Hong Kong]], the [[Maldives national under-23 football team|Maldives]] and defending champion [[Iran national under-23 football team|Iran]]. India had a 1–1 draw against Hong Kong, a 2–1 victory against the Maldives, and a 2–0 defeat by Iran.<ref name="IND vs HKG 2006 match">{{cite news |last1=Bhar |first1=Sujit |title=Hong Kong hold India in opener|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/hong-kong-hold-india-in-opener--------/17577/ |access-date=31 May 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=4 December 2006 |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531110559/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/hong-kong-hold-india-in-opener--------/17577/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="India vs Maldives 2006 match"/><ref name="India vs Iran 2006 match"/><ref name="2006AG matches"/><br />
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Four years later, at the [[Football at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2010 Doha games]] India again played poorly. The team was drawn in Group D with [[Kuwait national under-23 football team|Kuwait]], [[Qatar national under-23 football team|Qatar]] and [[Singapore national under-23 football team|Singapore]]. Kuwait defeated India 2–0, and Qatar won 2–1. [[Dharmaraj Ravanan]] scored India's only goal.<ref name="India vs Kuwait 2010 match"/><ref name="India vs Qatar 2010 match"/> In the third match, against Singapore, India won 4–1. [[Jewel Raja]], [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]], [[Jibon Singh]], and [[Manish Maithani]] each scored one goal. India reached the round of 16 as the best third-place team.<ref name="India vs Singapore 2010 match"/> In the knockouts, however (their first appearance since 1982), they lost 5–0 to [[Japan national under-23 football team|Japan]].<ref name="India vs Japan 2010 match"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghoshal |first1=Amoy |title=Indian football team at the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games: When Sukhwinder Singh broke a 28-year jinx |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-2010-guangzhou-asian-games-when-sukhwinder-singh-broke-a-28-year-jinx |website=sportskeeda.com |access-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530165028/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-2010-guangzhou-asian-games-when-sukhwinder-singh-broke-a-28-year-jinx |archive-date=30 May 2023 |date=30 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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The Indian [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|Sports Ministry]] was initially reluctant to send the team to the [[2014 Asian Games]], but later relented.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Das |first1=Shankar |title=Indian football teams may not participate in the 2014 Asian Games |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-teams-may-not-participate-in-the-2014-asian-games |website=sportskeeda.com |access-date=24 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824190058/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-teams-may-not-participate-in-the-2014-asian-games |archive-date=24 August 2023 |date=26 August 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |title=Indian football teams stranded in China waiting for go-ahead to take part in Asian Games |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-teams-stranded-china-waiting-go-ahead-take-part-asian-games |access-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824160759/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-teams-stranded-china-waiting-go-ahead-take-part-asian-games |archive-date=24 August 2023 |date=8 September 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> India had their worst outing since the under-23 team competed, conceding seven goals in two matches against the [[United Arab Emirates national under-23 football team|United Arab Emirates]] (UAE) and [[Jordan national under-23 football team|Jordan]] in [[Football at the 2014 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Group H|Group H]]. In the first match, the UAE defeated India 5–0. Jordan defeated India 2–0 in the second match, preventing them from moving on to the round of 16.<ref name="India vs UAE 2014 match"/><ref name="India vs Jordan 2014 match"/><br />
<br />
The IOA did not allow the team to participate in the [[Football at the 2018 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2018 Asian Games]], saying that they were incapable of winning a medal. The association did not allow the AIFF to pay the team's expenses.<ref name="IOA2018">{{cite web|title=Indian Olympic Association decides against sending Indian football team to the Asian Games|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/indian-olympic-association-decides-against-sending-indian-football-team-to-the-asian-games/articleshow/64828611.cms?from=mdr|date=2 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604130054/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/indian-olympic-association-decides-against-sending-indian-football-team-to-the-asian-games/articleshow/64828611.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=4 June 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url-status=live}}</ref> Four years later, a similar situation arose. The national football team almost missed a place at the [[Football at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament|Hangzhou Games]], held in September 2023. The Sports Ministry allowed squads for team sports only if they were among Asia's top eight.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian football team set to miss Asian Games for second successive editions |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/asian-games/india-team-to-miss-asian-games-2022-sports-ministry-order-indian-football-news/article67084801.ece |access-date=24 August 2023 |work=[[Sportstar]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |date=15 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716090548/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/asian-games/india-team-to-miss-asian-games-2022-sports-ministry-order-indian-football-news/article67084801.ece |archive-date=16 July 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> The India senior national team was ranked 18th in Asia, but FIFA does not rank under–age national teams.<ref>{{cite web |title=FIFA Men's Ranking |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/men?dateId=id14058|website=fifa.com |access-date=15 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406092822/https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/men?dateId=id13974|archive-date=6 April 2023|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Saha Roy |first1=Shilarze |title=Indian Football Teams Not Allowed to Participate in Asian Games, Once Again |url=https://www.thequint.com/sports/football/explainer-indian-football-teams-not-allowed-to-participate-in-asian-games-sports-ministry-ioa#read-more#read-more |website=thequint.com |access-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810172955/https://www.thequint.com/sports/football/explainer-indian-football-teams-not-allowed-to-participate-in-asian-games-sports-ministry-ioa |archive-date=10 August 2023 |date=19 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Indian football fans began a campaign on [[social media]], with [[hashtag]]s supporting their cause. India team coach [[Igor Štimac]] reached out to the government of India for intervention with an [[open letter]] on social media.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian men's and women's football teams get green signal from sports ministry to participate in Asian Games 2023 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/indian-mens-and-womens-football-teams-get-green-signal-from-sports-ministry-to-participate-in-asian-games-2023-101690374109973.html |access-date=14 October 2023 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=26 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927044356/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/indian-mens-and-womens-football-teams-get-green-signal-from-sports-ministry-to-participate-in-asian-games-2023-101690374109973.html |archive-date=27 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sagar |first1=Sunaad |title=Explainer: Why are the Indian football teams not part of Asian Games? |url=https://www.espn.in/football/story/_/id/38023989/explainer-india-football-asian-games-2023-participation-sports-ministry-rule-igor-stimac-appeal |access-date=14 October 2023 |work=[[ESPN]] |date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720181852/https://www.espn.in/football/story/_/id/38023989/explainer-india-football-asian-games-2023-participation-sports-ministry-rule-igor-stimac-appeal |archive-date=20 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> This led to a meeting of the AIFF and the ministry, which allowed the team to participate in light of their performances at the 2023 [[2023 Tri-Nation Series (India)|Tri-Nation Series]], [[2023 Intercontinental Cup (India)|Intercontinental Cup]] and [[2023 SAFF Championship|SAFF Championship]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganasen |first1=Uthra |title=Indian government clears football teams for Asian Games |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/asian-games-participation-will-give-indian-football-a-big-boost-aiff-president/article67124697.ece |access-date=24 August 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=26 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824150828/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/asian-games-participation-will-give-indian-football-a-big-boost-aiff-president/article67124697.ece |archive-date=24 August 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Although the team was allowed, the main under–23 squad was missing; 11 of 22 players originally named to the final squad withdrew because of their club's refusal to release them.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sandesh Jhingan and two more players join Asian Games squad |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/sandesh-jhingan-and-two-more-join-asian-games-squad |website=the-aiff.com |access-date=16 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916045321/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/sandesh-jhingan-and-two-more-join-asian-games-squad |archive-date=16 September 2023 |date=15 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/igor-stimac-names-22-member-squad-for-19th-asian-games-mens-football-competition |title=Igor Stimac names 22-member squad for 19th Asian Games Men's Football Competition |date=1 August 2023 |website=the-aiff.com |access-date=1 August 2023 |archive-date=1 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801143823/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/igor-stimac-names-22-member-squad-for-19th-asian-games-mens-football-competition |url-status=live }}</ref> The AIFF asked [[Football Sports Development Limited]] to postpone the [[2023–24 Indian Super League]] so the players could participate and have a practice camp before the games; the company refused, and the team played without a single practice session.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kini |first1=Tanya |title=Asian Games, Football: India's return to the event heralded by lack of preparation and mismanagement |url=https://scroll.in/field/1056142/asian-games-football-indias-return-to-the-event-heralded-by-lack-of-preparation-and-mismanagement |website=[[Scroll.in]] |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923062246/https://scroll.in/field/1056142/asian-games-football-indias-return-to-the-event-heralded-by-lack-of-preparation-and-mismanagement |archive-date=23 September 2023 |date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Narayan |first1=Aaditya |title=Asian Games: Indian football teams return to Asiad, but preparations and results less than ideal |url=https://www.espn.in/football/story/_/id/38413946/asian-games-indian-football-teams-sunil-chhetri-asiad |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012190918/https://www.espn.in/football/story/_/id/38413946/asian-games-indian-football-teams-sunil-chhetri-asiad |archive-date=12 October 2023 |date=17 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[2022 Asian Games|19th Asian Games]], scheduled for 10–25 September 2022 in [[Hangzhou]], was postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and was held from 23 September to 8 October 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nalwale |first1=Ali Asgar |title=Postponed Asian Games 2022 scheduled for September- October 2023 |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/asian-games-2022-2023-new-dates |website=olympics.com |access-date=29 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207110857/https://olympics.com/en/news/asian-games-2022-2023-new-dates |archive-date=7 December 2022 |date=19 July 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, the group stage of the [[Football at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament|football tournament]] began on 19 September. The draw for the Hangzhou Games was held on 27 July, and India was drawn in [[Football at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Group A|Group A]] with host [[China national under-23 football team|China]], [[Bangladesh national under-23 football team|Bangladesh]] and [[Myanmar national under-23 football team|Myanmar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Asian Games football: India grouped with China, Bangladesh in men's draw, Thailand in women's |url=https://www.espn.in/football/story/_/id/38079542/asian-games-football-india-grouped-china-bangladesh-men-draw-thailand-women |website=espn.in |access-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728023807/https://www.espn.in/football/story/_/id/38079542/asian-games-football-india-grouped-china-bangladesh-men-draw-thailand-women |archive-date=28 July 2023 |date=27 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="match schedule">{{cite web |title=Hangzhou 2022:Football |url=https://www.hangzhou2022.cn/sssg/ssxm/202203/t20220330_46424.shtml |website=hangzhou2022.cn|author=Hangzhou Asian Games Organizing Committee|language=chinese |access-date=2 August 2023|date= 7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323044559/https://www.hangzhou2022.cn/sssg/ssxm/202203/t20220330_46424.shtml|archive-date=23 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the group stage, India lost 5–1 to China. They won 1–0 against Bangladesh and drew 1–1 draw against Myanmar, earning four points to reach the knockouts.<ref name="2023INDvsCHN">{{cite news |title=Asian Games 2023: Under-prepared Indian football team loses 1-5 to China |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/india-asian-games/asian-games-2023-under-prepared-indian-football-team-loses-1-5-to-china/articleshow/103787568.cms?from=mdr |access-date=14 October 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=19 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014081356/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/india-asian-games/asian-games-2023-under-prepared-indian-football-team-loses-1-5-to-china/articleshow/103787568.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=14 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="2023INDvsBAN">{{cite news |title=Watch: Sunil Chhetri rescues Stimac's men with late strike as India revive Asian Games campaign with win over Bangladesh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/sunil-chhetri-rescues-igor-stimac-men-with-late-strike-india-revive-asian-games-campaign-with-win-over-bangladesh-watch-101695290813161.html |access-date=13 October 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=21 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005115301/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/sunil-chhetri-rescues-igor-stimac-men-with-late-strike-india-revive-asian-games-campaign-with-win-over-bangladesh-watch-101695290813161.html |archive-date=5 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2023INDvsMYA">{{cite news |title=Asian Games 2023: Sunil Chhetri penalty guides men's football team to R16 as India draw Myanmar 1-1 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/asian-games-2023/story/asian-games-2023-sunil-chhetri-penalty-guides-mens-football-team-to-r16-as-india-draw-myanmar-1-1-2439964-2023-09-24 |access-date=13 October 2023 |work=[[India Today]] |date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001025209/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/asian-games-2023/story/asian-games-2023-sunil-chhetri-penalty-guides-mens-football-team-to-r16-as-india-draw-myanmar-1-1-2439964-2023-09-24 |archive-date=1 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> India ended their tournament with a 2–0 loss to Saudi Arabia in the [[Football at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Round of 16|round of 16]].<ref name="2023INDvsKSA">{{cite web |last1=Sagar |first1=Sunaadh |last2=Menon |first2=Anirudh |title=India out of Asian Games after 2-0 loss to Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.espn.in/football/story/_/id/38509699/india-vs-saudi-arabia-live-updates-live-score-commentary-asian-games-hangzhou-sunil-chhetri |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012184844/https://www.espn.in/football/story/_/id/38509699/india-vs-saudi-arabia-live-updates-live-score-commentary-asian-games-hangzhou-sunil-chhetri |archive-date=12 October 2023 |date=28 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Record ==<br />
From its inception in 1951, the football tournament at the Asian Games was played by the senior teams until 1998. The IOC and AFC changed the rules of participation in 2002, and allowed under-23 players (and three players over age 23) on a squad.<ref name="OcasiaFootball"/><ref name="asiad2002u23"/><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=11 style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF;|[[Football at the Asian Games|{{color|#FFFFFF|Asian Games]] record}}<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:135px;"|Host/Year<br />
! style="width:135px;"|Result<br />
! style="width:120px;"|Position<br />
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}<br />
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}<br />
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|D|Tied}}<br />
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}<br />
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|GF|Goals for}}<br />
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|GA|Goals against}}<br />
! style="width:70px;"|Squad<br />
! style="width:50px;"|Ref.<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Football at the 1951 Asian Games|1951]]'''<br />
|style="background:gold;"|'''Champions'''<br />
|'''1st'''<br />
|'''3'''<br />
|'''3'''<br />
|'''0'''<br />
|'''0'''<br />
|'''7'''<br />
|'''0'''<br />
|'''[[Football at the 1951 Asian Games - Squads#India|Squad]]'''<br />
|<ref name="rsssf1951"/><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|PHL|1936}} [[Football at the 1954 Asian Games|1954]]<br />
|Round 1<br />
|8th<br />
|2<br />
|1<br />
|0<br />
|1<br />
|3<br />
|6<br />
|[[Football at the 1954 Asian Games - Squads#India|Squad]]<br />
|<ref name="rsssf1954"/><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|JPN}} '''[[Football at the 1958 Asian Games|1958]]'''<br />
| style="background:#9acdff"|'''Semi-finals'''<br />
|'''4th'''<br />
|'''5'''<br />
|'''2'''<br />
|'''0'''<br />
|'''3'''<br />
|'''11'''<br />
|'''13'''<br />
|'''[[Football at the 1958 Asian Games - Squads#India|Squad]]'''<br />
|<ref name="rsssf1958">{{cite web|last1=Jonsson|first1=Mikael|last2=Morrison|first2=Neil|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames58.html|title=Asian Games 1958 (Tokyo, Japan)|work=[[RSSSF]]|date=31 March 2011|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225010545/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/asgames58.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|IDN}} '''[[Football at the 1962 Asian Games|1962]]'''<br />
|style="background:gold"|'''Champions'''<br />
|'''1st'''<br />
|'''5'''<br />
|'''4'''<br />
|'''0'''<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|'''11'''<br />
|'''6'''<br />
|'''[[Football at the 1962 Asian Games - Squads#India|Squad]]'''<br />
|<ref name="rsssf1962">{{cite web|last1=De Dekker|first1=Guy|last2=Javanovic|first2=Bojan|last3=Garin|first3=Erik|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames62.html|title=Asian Games 1962 (Indonesia)|work=[[RSSSF]]|date=6 November 2009|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=26 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726161945/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames62.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Football at the 1966 Asian Games|1966]] <br />
|Round 1<br />
|8th<br />
|3<br />
|1<br />
|0<br />
|2<br />
|4<br />
|7<br />
|[[Football at the 1966 Asian Games - Squads#India|Squad]]<br />
|<ref name="rsssf1966">{{cite web|last1=De Dekker|first1=Guy|last2=Javanovic|first2=Bojan|last3=Garin|first3=Erik|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames66.html|title=Asian Games 1966 (Thailand)|work=[[RSSSF]]|date=28 February 2008|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=26 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726161946/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames66.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|THA}} '''[[Football at the 1970 Asian Games|1970]]'''<br />
|style="background:#c96;|'''Third Place'''<br />
|'''3rd'''<br />
|'''6'''<br />
|'''3'''<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|'''2'''<br />
|'''8'''<br />
|'''5'''<br />
|'''[[Football at the 1970 Asian Games - Squads#India|Squad]]'''<br />
|<ref name="rsssf1970"/><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|IRN|1964}} [[Football at the 1974 Asian Games|1974]]<br />
|Round 1<br />
|13th<br />
|3<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|3<br />
|2<br />
|14<br />
|[[Football at the 1974 Asian Games - Squads#India|Squad]]<br />
|<ref name="rsssf1974"/><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Football at the 1978 Asian Games|1978]]<br />
|Round 2<br />
|8th<br />
|5<br />
|1<br />
|0<br />
|4<br />
|5<br />
|13<br />
|[[Football at the 1978 Asian Games - Squads#India|Squad]]<br />
|<ref name="rsssf1978">{{cite web|last1=Stokkermans|first1=Karel|last2=Garin|first2=Erik|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames78.html|title=Asian Games 1978|work=[[RSSSF]]|date=1 March 2018|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=26 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726161944/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames78.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Football at the 1982 Asian Games|1982]]<br />
|Quarter-finals<br />
|6th<br />
|4<br />
|2<br />
|1<br />
|1<br />
|5<br />
|3<br />
|[[Football at the 1982 Asian Games - Squads#India|Squad]]<br />
|<ref name="rsssf1982"/><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Football at the 1986 Asian Games|1986]]<br />
|Round 1<br />
|16th<br />
|3<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|3<br />
|1<br />
|8<br />
|[[Football at the 1986 Asian Games - Squads#India|Squad]]<br />
|<ref name="rsssf1986"/><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Football at the 1990 Asian Games – Men's tournament|1990]]<br />
|colspan=9|''Withdrew''<br />
|<ref name="rsssf1990">{{cite web|last1=Javanovic|first1=Bojan|last2=Garin|first2=Erik|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames62.html|title=Asian Games 1990|work=[[RSSSF]]|date=29 October 2000|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=1 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401171444/https://rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames90.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Football at the 1994 Asian Games – Men's tournament|1994]]<br />
|colspan=9|''[[Indian Olympic Association]] did not allow team's participation''<br />
|<ref name="rsssf1994">{{cite web|last1=Morrison|first1=Neil|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames94.html|title=Asian Games 1994 (Hiroshima, Japan)|work=[[RSSSF]]|date=1 January 2012|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=26 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726161945/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames62.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Football at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's tournament|1998]]<br />
|Round 2<br />
|16th<br />
|5<br />
|1<br />
|0<br />
|4<br />
|3<br />
|8<br />
|[[Football at the 1998 Asian Games - Squads#India|Squad]]<br />
|<ref name="rsssf1998">{{cite web|last=Stokkermans|first=Karel|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames98.html|title=Asian Games 1998 (Thailand)|work=[[RSSSF]]|date=11 July 2002|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=26 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726161945/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames98.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|colspan=12|'''''Played by [[India national under-23 football team]] onwards'''''<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|KOR|1997}} [[Football at the 2002 Asian Games – Men|2002]]<br />
|Group stage<br />
|10th of 24<br />
|3<br />
|2<br />
|0<br />
|1<br />
|6<br />
|3<br />
|[[Football at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|Squad]]<br />
|<ref name="rsssf2002"/><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|QAT}} [[Football at the 2006 Asian Games – Men|2006]]<br />
|Group stage<br />
|14th of 28<br />
|3<br />
|1<br />
|1<br />
|1<br />
|3<br />
|4<br />
|[[Football at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|Squad]]<br />
|<ref name="rsssf2006"/><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Football at the 2010 Asian Games – Men|2010]]<br />
|Round of 16<br />
|14th of 28<br />
|4<br />
|1<br />
|0<br />
|3<br />
|5<br />
|10<br />
|[[Football at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|Squad]]<br />
|<ref name="rsssf2010"/><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Football at the 2014 Asian Games – Men|2014]]<br />
|Group stage<br />
|26th of 32<br />
|2<br />
|0<br />
|0<br />
|2<br />
|0<br />
|7<br />
|[[Football at the 2014 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|Squad]]<br />
|<ref name="rsssf2014">{{cite web |last=Zlotkowski |first=Andre |title=Asian Games 2014 (Incheon)|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2014.html|date=6 September 2018 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726161946/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2014.html |archive-date=26 July 2022 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Football at the 2018 Asian Games – Men|2018]]<br />
|colspan="9"|''[[Indian Olympic Association]] did not allow team's participation''<br />
|<ref name="rsssf2018">{{cite web |last=Di Maggio |first=Roberto |title=Asian Games 2018 (Indonesia)|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2018.html|date=6 September 2018 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412113844/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2018.html |archive-date=12 April 2023 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Football at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2022]] #<br />
|Round of 16<br />
|9th of 21<br />
|4<br />
|1<br />
|1<br />
|2<br />
|3<br />
|8<br />
|[[Football at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's team squads#India|Squad]]<br />
|<ref name="rsssf2023">{{cite web |last=Di Maggio |first=Roberto |title=Asian Games 2023 (China)|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2023.html|date=6 September 2018 |access-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104141527/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2023.html |archive-date=4 November 2023 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!'''Total'''!!'''Champions'''!!'''16 / 19'''!!'''60'''!!'''23'''!!'''4'''!!'''33'''!!'''77'''!!'''115'''!! !!<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stokkermans |first1=Karel |title=Asian Games (overview file) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asia-games.html |publisher=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106131707/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asia-games.html |archive-date=6 November 2023 |date=27 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|colspan="99" style="background:white;padding:.5em"|<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| {{color box|gold}} '''Champions'''&nbsp;&nbsp;{{color box|#cc9966}} Third place&nbsp;&nbsp;{{color box|#9acdff}} Fourth place {{legend-inline|white|border=3px solid red;}} Tournament played fully or partially on home soil&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>'''#''' Postponed due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]] & held in 2023.<br />
|}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Match summary ==<br />
India has scored the most goals against Hong Kong in a 5–2 victory in the quarter-finals of the 1958 Asiad. The most goals the team conceded were in a 1–7 loss against China in the preliminary round of the 1974 Asiad. <br />
[[File:India 1962.jpg|250px|thumb|right|India national team after defeating [[South Korea national football team|South Korea]] in the final of [[Football at the 1962 Asian Games|1962 Asiad]] at [[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium|Senayan Main Stadium]], [[Jakarta]].|alt=India national football team taking a group picture at 1962 Asian Games football tournament]] <br />
{|class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center;"<br />
!colspan=5 style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF;|{{color|#FFFFFF|Asian Games match history}}<br />
|- <br />
! scope=col|Year<br />
! scope=col|Round<br />
! scope=col|Score<br />
! scope=col|Result<br />
! scope="col" class=unsortable|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|- <br />
!scope=row rowspan=3|[[Football at the 1951 Asian Games#Results|1951]]<br />
|Quarter-final †||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''3–0''' {{fb|IDN}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Indonesia 1951 match">{{cite news|title=India's victory in football|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ygNFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z7cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4402%2C1839962|page=4|accessdate=15 April 2020|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|date=7 March 1951|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008232756/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ygNFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z7cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4402,1839962|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|Semi-finals||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''3–0''' {{fb|AFG|1930}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Afghanistan 1951 match">{{cite news|title=India in soccer final|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zANFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z7cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6536%2C1939325|page=4|accessdate=15 April 2020|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|date=9 March 1951|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703125606/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zANFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z7cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6536,1939325|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|{{gold1}} medal match||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–0''' {{fb|IRN|1925}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Iran 1951 match">{{cite news|title=First Asian Games at Delhi:India annex soccer championship|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zwNFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z7cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6431%2C2124738|page=4|accessdate=15 April 2020|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|date=12 March 1951|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703200933/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zwNFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z7cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6431,2124738|url-status=live}}</ref> <br />
|- <br />
!scope=row rowspan=2|[[Football at the 1954 Asian Games#Group C|1954]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=2|Group stage||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''3–2''' {{fb|JPN|1870}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Japan 1954 match">{{cite news |title=India beat Japan, football at Manila Games |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19540505&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |page=10 |accessdate=19 April 2020 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]]) |date=5 May 1954 |archive-date=24 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624055201/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19540505&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''0–4''' {{fb|IDN}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Indonesia 1954 match">{{cite news|title=India trounced 4—0 by indonesia at football|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2GFlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=G5QNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1393%2C2131993|page=10|access-date=19 April 2020|agency=[[Reuters]]|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|date=2 June 1958|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014044732/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2GFlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=G5QNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1393,2131993|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
!scope=row rowspan=5|[[Football at the 1958 Asian Games#Results|1958]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=2|Group stage||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''3–2''' {{fb|Burma|1948}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Burma 1958 match">{{cite web |last=Siebel |first=Norman |title=Result of the second days event:Soccer |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19580527-1.2.136 |page=14 |accessdate=11 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=27 May 1958 |archive-date=11 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611152804/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19580527-1.2.136 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–2''' {{fb|IDN}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Indonesia 1958 match">{{cite web |last=Siebel |first=Norman |title=Yesterday's result:Soccer |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19580529-1.2.155 |page=14 |accessdate=11 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=29 May 1958 |archive-date=11 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611154047/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19580529-1.2.155 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|Quarter-finals||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''5–2''' {{fb|HKG|1955}}||Win||<ref name="India vs HongKong 1958 match">{{cite web |last=Siebel |first=Norman |title=Yesterday's result:Soccer |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19580531-1.2.164 |page=14 |accessdate=11 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=31 May 1958 |archive-date=11 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611154044/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19580531-1.2.164 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|Semi-finals||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–3''' {{fb|KOR|1949}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs South Korea 1958 match">{{cite news|title=Korea, Taiwan in soccer final, India go down by one gol to three|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19580601&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|page=8|accessdate=19 April 2020|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|date=1 June 1958|archive-date=19 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019175722/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19580601&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|{{bronze3}} medal match||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–4''' {{fb|IDN}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Indonesia 1958 bronze match">{{cite news |title=Taiwan wins Asian soccer title, Indonesia gets bronze medal beating India |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19580602&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |page=9 |access-date=19 April 2020 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]]) |date=2 June 1958 |archive-date=22 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822175914/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19580602&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
!scope=row rowspan=5|[[Football at the 1962 Asian Games#Results|1962]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=3|Group stage||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''0–2''' {{fb|KOR|1949}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs South Korea 1962 match">{{cite news|title=Though beaten in soccer, India can still make last four|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620828&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|page=8|access-date=1 June 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=27 August 1962|archive-date=11 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611160319/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620828&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''4–1''' {{fb|THA}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Thailand 1962 match">{{cite news|title=India's 4-0 win in soccer|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jH5lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vZ0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=994%2C3602080|page=8|access-date=1 June 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=28 August 1962|archive-date=12 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712182326/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jH5lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vZ0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=994,3602080|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''2–0''' {{fb|JPN|1947}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Japan 1962 match">{{cite news|title=Soccer Team poised for semi-final: Japan beaten 2-0|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620830&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|page=8|access-date=1 June 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=29 August 1962|archive-date=14 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714045638/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620830&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|Semi-finals||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''3–2''' {{fb|VSO}}||Win||<ref name="India vs South Vietnam 1962 match">{{cite news|title=India and Korea to contest soccer final. Fancied Vietnam beaten by odd goal in five:Chuni Goswami nets twice|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620902&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|page=8|access-date=1 June 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=1 September 1962|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717124931/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620902&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|{{gold1}} medal match||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''2–1''' {{fb|KOR|1949}}||Win||<ref name="India vs SouthKorea 1962 gold match">{{cite news|title=India emerge Asian Games football champions. Korea beaten 2-1 in final.|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620905&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|page=10|access-date=1 June 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] ([[Google News Archive]])|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=4 September 1962|archive-date=18 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418235544/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620905&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
!scope=row rowspan=3|[[Football at the 1966 Asian Games#Group B|1966]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=3|Group stage||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–2''' {{fb|JPN|1870}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Japan 1966 match">{{cite web |title=Singapore lose |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19661211-1.2.30.13 |page=15 |accessdate=11 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=11 December 1966 |archive-date=11 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611174328/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19661211-1.2.30.13 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''2–1''' {{fb|MAS}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Malaysia 1966 match">{{cite web |title=All the games result:soccer |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19661213-1.2.139.2 |page=21 |accessdate=11 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=13 December 1966 |archive-date=11 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611174324/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19661213-1.2.139.2 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–4''' {{fb|IRN|1964}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Iran 1966 match">{{cite web |title=Asian Games-match 1966 |url=https://www.teammelli.com/matchdata/details/matchdetails.php?id=46 |website=teammelli.com |access-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016204359/https://www.teammelli.com/matchdata/details/matchdetails.php?id=46 |archive-date=16 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
!scope=row rowspan=6|[[Football at the 1970 Asian Games#Results|1970]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=2|Prelim round||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''2–2''' {{fb|THA}}||Draw||<ref name="India vs Thailand 1970 match">{{cite web |title=Violence erupts in soccer tie |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19701211-1.1.28 |page=28 |accessdate=17 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=11 December 1970 |archive-date=17 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617181257/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19701211-1.1.28 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''2–0''' {{fb|VSO}}||Win||<ref name="India vs South Vietnam 1970 match">{{cite web |title=All the games result:soccer |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19701212-1.2.149.19 |page=31 |accessdate=17 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=12 December 1970 |archive-date=17 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617181259/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19701212-1.2.149.19 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|scope=row rowspan=2|Round 2<br/>(Quarter-finals)||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''3–0''' {{fb|IDN}}||Win|| <ref name="India vs Indonesia 1970 match">{{cite web |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Arunava |last2=Basu |first2=Jaydeep |last3=Warrier |first3=Sunil |title=The India senior team at the 1970 Bangkok Asian Games |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970asiangames.html |website=indianfootball.de |access-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618002741/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1970asiangames.html |archive-date=18 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''0–1''' {{fb|JPN|1947}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Japan 1970 group match">{{cite web |title=6th Asian Games (Bangkok): Japan 1:0 India |url=http://samuraiblue.jp/timeline/19701217/ |website=samuraiblue.jp |publisher=[[Japan Football Association]]|language=ja |access-date=5 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115203722/http://samuraiblue.jp/timeline/19701217/ |archive-date=15 November 2022}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|Semi-finals||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''0–2''' {{fb|Burma|1948}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Burma 1970 match">{{cite web |title=All the results: soccer |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19701219-1.2.192 |page=30 |accessdate=17 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=19 December 1970 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618140353/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19701219-1.2.192 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|{{bronze3}} medal match||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–0''' {{fb|JPN|1947}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Japan 1970 bronze medal match">{{cite web |title=6th Asian Games (Bangkok): Japan vs India |url=http://samuraiblue.jp/timeline/19701219/ |website=samuraiblue.jp |publisher=[[Japan Football Association]]|language=ja |access-date=5 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115203722/http://samuraiblue.jp/timeline/19701219/ |archive-date=15 November 2022}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
!scope=row rowspan=3|[[Football at the 1974 Asian Games#Group B|1974]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=3|Prelim round||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''0–3''' {{fb|IRQ|1963}}||Loss|| <ref name="India vs Iraq 1974 match">{{cite web |last1=Rahman |first1=Mansoor |title=Chinese XI not at all impressive: Little hope |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=19740903&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |page=22 |accessdate=29 May 2023 |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] ([[Google News Archive]]) |date=3 September 1974 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529095031/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=19740903&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–7''' {{fb|CHN|name=China}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs China 1974 match">{{cite web |title=Iraq shock N. Korea at soccer |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19740905-1.2.34.7 |page=11 |accessdate=30 May 2023 |newspaper=New Nation ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=5 September 1974 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530143745/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19740905-1.2.34.7 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–4''' {{fb|PRK|1948}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs N.Korea 1974 match">{{cite web |title=Yesterday's late results |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19740907-1.2.27.4 |page=10 |accessdate=30 May 2023 |newspaper=New Nation ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=7 September 1974 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530143743/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19740907-1.2.27.4 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
!scope=row rowspan=5|[[Football at the 1978 Asian Games#Results|1978]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=2|Prelim round||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''0–1''' {{fb|MAS}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Malaysia 1978 match">{{cite web |title=Asian Games results: Soccer |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19781211-1.2.112.6 |page=31 |accessdate=27 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=11 December 1978 |archive-date=18 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518141248/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19781211-1.2.112.6 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''3–0''' {{fb|BAN}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Bangladesh 1978 match">{{cite web |title=Asian Games results: Soccer |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19781216-1.2.105.2 |page=38 |accessdate=27 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=16 December 1978 |archive-date=24 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624055916/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19781216-1.2.105.2 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|scope=row rowspan=3|Round 2<br/>(Quarter-finals)||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–6''' {{fb|KUW}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Kuwait 1978 match">{{cite web |title=Asian Games results: Soccer |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19781218-1.2.103.7 |page=34 |accessdate=27 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=18 December 1978 |archive-date=5 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605124504/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19781218-1.2.103.7 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–3''' {{fb|PRK|1948}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs North Korea 1978 match">{{cite web |title=Asian Games results: Soccer |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19781219-1.2.120.37 |page=31 |accessdate=27 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=19 December 1978 |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230014702/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19781219-1.2.120.37 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''0–3''' {{fb|IRQ|1963}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Iraq 1978 match">{{cite web |title=It's North versus South Korea final |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19781220-1.2.120.10 |page=37 |accessdate=27 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=20 December 1978 |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230014645/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19781220-1.2.120.10 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan=4|[[Football at the 1982 Asian Games#Group C|1982]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=3|Group stage||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''2–0''' {{fb|BAN}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Bangladesh 1982 match">{{cite web |title=Asian Games result service |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19821122-1.1.37 |page=37 |accessdate=27 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=22 November 1982 |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230014647/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19821122-1.1.37 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–0''' {{fb|MAS}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Malaysia 1982 match">{{cite web |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Arunava |last2=Basu |first2=Jaydeep |last3=Warrier |first3=Sunil |title=The Indian senior team at the 1982 New Delhi Asian Games |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1982asiangames.html |website=indianfootball.de |access-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013211557/http://www.indianfootball.de/specials/india/indianteam/1982asiangames.html |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''2–2''' {{fb|CHN|name=China}}||Draw||<ref name="India vs China 1982 match">{{cite web |title=Asian Games result service |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19821125-1.2.136.3 |page=38 |accessdate=27 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=25 November 1982 |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119175546/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19821125-1.2.136.3 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|Quarter-finals||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''0–1''' {{fb|KSA}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Saudi Arabia 1982 match">{{cite web |title=North Korea, Saudis in last four |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19821125-1.2.136.3 |page=28 |accessdate=27 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=29 November 1982 |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119175546/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19821125-1.2.136.3 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan=3|[[Football at the 1986 Asian Games#Group B|1986]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=3|Group stage||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''0–3''' {{fb|KOR|1984}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs SouthKorea 1986 match">{{cite news|title=Asian Games '86:Results Soccer|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=19860921&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|page=4|accessdate=15 April 2020|newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] ([[Google News Archive]])|date=21 September 1986|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605055126/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=19860921&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–2''' {{fb|CHN|name=China}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs China 1986 match">{{cite web |title=10th Asian Games: Results |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19860923-1.2.55.12 |page=31 |accessdate=27 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=23 September 1986 |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230014659/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19860923-1.2.55.12 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''0–3''' {{fb|BHR|1972}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Bahrain 1986 match">{{cite web |title=Kuwaitis keep up their unbeaten run |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19860927-1.1.31 |page=31 |accessdate=27 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] ([[NewspaperSG]] archives, Govt. of Singapore) |date=27 September 1986 |archive-date=30 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230014721/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19860927-1.1.31 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
!scope=row rowspan=5|[[Football at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Group C|1998]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=2|Prelim round||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''0–1''' {{fb|JPN|1947}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Japan 1998 match">{{cite news |title=Gallant Indians lose by solitary goal|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec04/sports.htm#1 |access-date=5 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=3 December 1998 |archive-date=24 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224171236/https://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec04/sports.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''1–0''' {{fb|NEP}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Nepal 1998 match">{{cite news |title=Football:India enter second round|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec06/sports.htm#2 |access-date=5 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=5 December 1998 |archive-date=13 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213064249/https://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec06/sports.htm#2 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|scope=row rowspan=3|Round 2||align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''2–3''' {{fb|TKM|1997}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Turkmenistan 1998 match">{{cite news |title=Turkmenistan down India 3-2|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec08/sports.htm#6|access-date=5 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=7 December 1998 |archive-date=19 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819215657/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec08/sports.htm#6 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''0–2''' {{fb|UZB}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Uzbekistan 1998 match">{{cite news |title=India crash out of contention|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec11/sports.htm#4 |access-date=5 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[United News of India]] |date=10 December 1998 |archive-date=9 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209034223/https://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec11/sports.htm#4 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fb-rt|IND}} '''0–2''' {{fb|PRK}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs North Korea 1998 match">{{cite news|last=Ananthanarayanan|first=N. |title=North Korea beat India|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec12/sports.htm#4 |access-date=5 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=11 December 1998 |archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824154045/https://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec12/sports.htm#4 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!colspan=5|Played by ''[[India national under-23 football team|India under–23 team]]'' onwards<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan=3|[[Football at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Group C|2002]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=3|Group stage||align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''3–0''' {{fbu|23|BAN}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Bangladesh 2002 match">{{cite news |title=14th Asian Games Busan 2002: India start football campaign with victory.|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020928/sports.htm#8 |access-date=5 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=27 September 2002 |archive-date=7 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607204127/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020928/sports.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''3–1''' {{fbu|23|TKM}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Turkmenistan 2002 match">{{cite news |title=Bhaichung Bhutia's brace keeps quarter-final hopes alive|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021001/sports.htm#3 |access-date=5 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=30 September 2002 |archive-date=22 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122124514/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021001/sports.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''0–2''' {{fbu|23|CHN}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs China 2002 match">{{cite news |title=India pay price for lapses|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021004/sports.htm#3 |access-date=5 June 2023 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]], [[Agence France-Presse]] |date=3 October 2002 |archive-date=1 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201221554/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021004/sports.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
!scope=row rowspan=3|[[Football at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Group D|2006]] <br />
|scope=row rowspan=3|Group stage||align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''1–1''' {{fbu|23|HKG}}||Draw||<ref name="India vs Hong Kong 2006 match">{{cite news |title=Doha Asian Games|url=http://specials.rediff.com/sports/2006/nov/29sld1.htm |access-date=31 May 2023 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=29 November 2006 |archive-date=6 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106220706/http://specials.rediff.com/sports/2006/nov/29sld1.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''2–1''' {{fbu|23|MDV}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Maldives 2006 match">{{cite news |title=Football: India pip Maldives 2-1|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061204/sports.htm#7 |access-date=31 May 2023 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=3 December 2006 |archive-date=5 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205223503/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061204/sports.htm#7 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''0–2''' {{fbu|23|IRN}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Iran 2006 match">{{cite news |title=Doha Asian Games: India vs Iran |url=https://m.rediff.com/sports/2006/dec/07pic6.htm |access-date=25 August 2023 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=7 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825062134/https://m.rediff.com/sports/2006/dec/07pic6.htm |archive-date=25 August 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
!scope=row rowspan=4|[[Football at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Group D|2010]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=3|Group stage||align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''0–2''' {{flagIOC2|IOC|2010 Asian Games}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Kuwait 2010 match">{{cite news |title=India suffer 0-2 loss against Kuwait in Asian Games football|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/other-top-stories/india-suffer-0-2-loss-against-kuwait-in-asian-games-football/articleshow/6884275.cms |access-date=30 May 2023 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 November 2010 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530113150/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/other-top-stories/india-suffer-0-2-loss-against-kuwait-in-asian-games-football/articleshow/6884275.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''1–2''' {{fbu|23|QAT}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Qatar 2010 match">{{cite news |title=Qatar come alive in dying minutes, beat India 2-1|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/qatar-come-alive-in-dying-minutes-beat-india-21/708914/0 |access-date=30 May 2023 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=10 November 2010 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530111033/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/qatar-come-alive-in-dying-minutes-beat-india-21/708914/0 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''4–1''' {{fbu|23|SIN}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Singapore 2010 match">{{cite news |title=India qualify for pre-quarters of Asian Games football|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/india-qualify-for-pre-quarters-of-asian-games-football/story-IBoUU2x8y7B0rsm9eqRbCL.html |access-date=30 May 2023 |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=11 November 2010 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530104013/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/india-qualify-for-pre-quarters-of-asian-games-football/story-IBoUU2x8y7B0rsm9eqRbCL.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|scope=row|Round of 16||align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''0–5''' {{fbu|23|JPN}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Japan 2010 match">{{cite news |title=India suffer 0-5 drubbing at hands of Japan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india-news/india-suffer-0-5-drubbing-at-hands-of-japan/articleshow/6935968.cms |access-date=30 May 2023 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 November 2010 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530102504/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india-news/india-suffer-0-5-drubbing-at-hands-of-japan/articleshow/6935968.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
!scope=row rowspan=2|[[Football at the 2014 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Group G|2014]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=2|Group stage||align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''0–5''' {{fbu|23|UAE}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs UAE 2014 match">{{cite news |title=India thrashed 0-5 by UAE in Asian Games football|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/asian-games-2014/india-at-incheon/india-thrashed-0-5-by-uae-in-asian-games-football/articleshow/42538885.cms |access-date=30 May 2023 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 September 2014 |archive-date=26 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226222708/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/asian-games-2014/india-at-incheon/india-thrashed-0-5-by-uae-in-asian-games-football/articleshow/42538885.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''0–2''' {{fbu|23|JOR}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Jordan 2014 match">{{cite news |title=Asian Games: India bow out of men's football after losing 0-2 to Jordan|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/asian-games-india-bow-out-of-mens-football-after-losing-0-2-to-jordan/articleshow/43157196.cms?from=mdr<br />
|access-date=30 May 2023 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |date=22 September 2014 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530100237/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/asian-games-india-bow-out-of-mens-football-after-losing-0-2-to-jordan/articleshow/43157196.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
!scope=row rowspan=4|[[Football at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Group D|2022]]<br />
|scope=row rowspan=3|Group stage||align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''1–5''' {{fbu|23|CHN}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs China 2023 match">{{cite web |author=Hangzhou Asian Games Organising Committee |title=Football - China vs India - Group Round - Group A Results |url=https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/en/results/football/results-men-gpa-000100-.htm |website=info.hangzhou2022.cn |access-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920081012/https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/en/results/football/results-men-gpa-000100-.htm |archive-date=20 September 2023 |date=19 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''1–0''' {{fbu|23|BAN}}||Win||<ref name="India vs Bangladesh 2023 match">{{cite web |author=Hangzhou Asian Games Organising Committee |title=Football - India vs Bangladesh - Group Round - Group A Results |url=https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/en/results/football/results-men-gpa-000400-.htm |website=info.hangzhou2022.cn |access-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926140305/https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/en/results/football/results-men-gpa-000400-.htm |archive-date=26 September 2023 |date=21 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''1–1''' {{fbu|23|MYA}}||Draw||<ref name="India vs Myanmar 2023 match">{{cite web |author=Hangzhou Asian Games Organising Committee |title=Football - Myanmar vs India - Group Round - Group A Results |url=https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/en/results/football/results-men-gpa-000600-.htm |website=info.hangzhou2022.cn |access-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926145809/https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/en/results/football/results-men-gpa-000600-.htm |archive-date=26 September 2023 |date=24 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|- <br />
|scope=row|Round of 16||align="left"|{{fbu-rt|23|IND}} '''0–2''' {{fbu|23|KSA}}||Loss||<ref name="India vs Saudi Arabia 2023 match">{{cite web |author=Hangzhou Asian Games Organising Committee |title=Football - India vs Saudi Arabia - Round of 16 Results |url=https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/en/results/football/results-men-8fnl-000600-.htm |website=info.hangzhou2022.cn |access-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928142749/https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/en/results/football/results-men-8fnl-000600-.htm |archive-date=28 September 2023 |date=28 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
:† <small>There was no group stage in the tournament.</small><br />
<br />
== Goalscorers ==<br />
[[File:Sheeo Mewalal Indian football player 1950s.jpg|thumb|125px|right|alt=Former India national team player Sheoo Mewalal.|[[Sheoo Mewalal]], first ever Indian to score at the Asian Games. He scored three goals for [[India national football team|India]].]]<br />
{{multiple image<br />
| align =right<br />
| direction = vertical<br />
| width = 125<br />
| image1 = Chuni-goswami 1961 India.jpg<br />
| alt1 = Former India national team player Subimal Chuni Goswami in national jersey.<br />
| image2 = Tulsidas Balaram 1959.jpg<br />
| alt2 = Former India national team player Subimal Chuni Goswami in national jersey.<br />
| caption2 = [[Chuni Goswami]] (''top'') and [[Tulsidas Balaram]] (''bottom'') both scored five goals each at the [[Asian Games]], the most by any Indian.<br />
}}<br />
[[File:Shri P. K. Banerjee, at the felicitation ceremony of the members of 1960 Rome Olympics Indian Football Team (cropped).jpg|thumb|125px|right|alt=Former India national team player P. K. Banerjee.|[[P. K. Banerjee]] scored four goals at the [[Football at the 1962 Asian Games|1962 Asian Games]], the most by an Indian in a single edition.]]<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:centre;" style="font-size:90%;<br />
!style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; scope=col data-sort-type="number"|{{abbr|No.|Number of footballers}}<br />
!style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; scope=col| Player<br />
!style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; scope=col| Venue/Location<br />
!style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; scope=col| Opponent<br />
!style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; scope=col style="width:110px;" | Date<br />
!style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; scope=col| Edition<br />
!style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; scope=col data-sort-type="number"| Goals<br />
!style="background: #0077FF;border: 2px solid #FFA500;color: #FFFFFF; scope="col" class=unsortable| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan="3"|1<br />
| rowspan="3"|{{sort name|Sheoo|Mewalal}} || rowspan="6"|[[Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium|National Stadium]], [[New Delhi]] || {{fb|IDN}} || 5 March 1951 || rowspan="6" align=center |[[Football at the 1951 Asian Games#Results|1951]] || align=center |1 ||rowspan="6" align=center |<ref name="rsssf1951">{{cite web |last=Morrison |first=Neil |title=Asian Games 1951 (India) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames51.html|date=1 March 2018 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131092616/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames51.html |archive-date=31 January 2023 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
|{{fb|AFG|1930}} || 7 March 1951 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
|{{fb|IRN|1925}} || 10 March 1951 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan="2"|2<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{sort name|Pansanttom|Venkatesh}} || {{fb|IDN}} || 5 March 1951 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{fb|AFG|1930}} ||rowspan="2"|7 March 1951 || align=center |1<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|3<br />
|{{sort name|Santosh|Nandy}} || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |4<br />
|{{sort name|Syed|Moinuddin}} || rowspan="2"|[[Rizal Memorial Stadium]], [[Manila]] || rowspan="2"|{{fb|JPN|1870}} || rowspan="2"|3 May 1954 || rowspan="2" align=center |[[Football at the 1954 Asian Games#Results|1954]] || align=center |1 || rowspan="2" align=center|<ref name="rsssf1954">{{cite web |last1=Garin |first1=Erik|last2=Herfiyana|first2=Novan |last3=Morrison |first3=Neil |title=Asian Games 1954 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames54.html|date=2 October 2014 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405124520/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames54.html |archive-date=5 April 2023 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|5<br />
|{{sort name|Joe|D'Sa}} || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan="4"|6<br />
|rowspan="4"|{{sort name|Chuni | Goswami}} || [[Korakuen Velodrome]], [[Tokyo]] || {{fb|Burma|1948}} || 26 May 1958 || rowspan="2" align=center |[[Football at the 1958 Asian Games#Results|1958]] || align=center |1 || align=center rowspan="2"|<ref name="1958AG matches">{{cite web|last=Ghoshal|first=Amoy |title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1958 Tokyo|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1958-tokyo<br />
|access-date=30 May 2023|website=sportskeeda.com |date=18 August 2014 |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208161743/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1958-tokyo |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tokyo Football Stadium|Metropolitan Football Stadium]], [[Tokyo]]||{{fb|HKG|1955}} ||30 May 1958 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium|Senayan Main Stadium]], [[Jakarta]]||{{fb|THA}} ||28 August 1962 || rowspan="2" align=center |[[Football at the 1962 Asian Games#Results|1962]] || align=center |1 || align=center rowspan="2"|<ref name="1962AG matches">{{cite web|last=Ghoshal|first=Amoy |title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1962 Jakarta|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1962-jakarta<br />
|access-date=30 May 2023|website=sportskeeda.com |date=18 August 2014 |archive-date=16 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216111507/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1962-jakarta |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|{{fb|VSO}} |||1 September 1962 || align=center |2 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan="5"|7<br />
|rowspan="5"|{{sort name|Tulsidas|Balaram}} || Korakuen Velodrome, Tokyo || {{fb|Burma|1948}} || 26 May 1958 || rowspan="3" align=center |[[Football at the 1958 Asian Games#Results|1958]] || align=center |1 || align=center rowspan="3"|<ref name="1958AG matches"/><br />
|-<br />
| Metropolitan Football Stadium, Tok||{{fb|HKG|1955}} |||30 May 1958 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
| [[Japan National Stadium]], [[Tokyo]] ||{{fb|IDN}} |||1 June 1958 || align=center |1 ‡ <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|Senayan Main Stadium, Jakarta||{{fb|THA}} ||28 August 1962 || rowspan="2" align=center |[[Football at the 1962 Asian Games#Results|1962]] || align=center |1 || align=center rowspan="2"|<ref name="1962AG matches"/><br />
|-<br />
|{{fb|JPN|1947}} ||29 August 1962 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan="3"|8<br />
|rowspan="3"|{{sort name|D.|Damodaran|D. Damodaran}} || Korakuen Velodrome, Tokyo || {{fb|Burma|1948}} || 26 May 1958 || rowspan="5" align=center |[[Football at the 1958 Asian Games#Results|1958]] || align=center |1 || align=center rowspan="5"|<ref name="1958AG matches"/><br />
|-<br />
| Metropolitan Football Stadium, Tokyo||{{fb|HKG|1955}} |||30 May 1958 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
| Japan National Stadium, Tokyo ||{{fb|KOR|1949}} |||1 June 1958 || align=center |1 ‡ <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan="2"|9<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{sort name|Mohammed | Rahmatullah}} || rowspan="2"|Metropolitan Football Stadium, Tokyo || {{fb|IDN}} || 28 May 1958 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
|{{fb|HKG|1955}} |||30 May 1958 || align=center |2 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan="3"|10<br />
|rowspan="3"|{{sort name|P. K.|Banerjee}} || rowspan="5"|Senayan Main Stadium || {{fb|THA}} || 28 August 1962 || rowspan="5" align=center |[[Football at the 1962 Asian Games#Results|1962]] || align=center |2 || align=center rowspan="5"|<ref name="1962AG matches"/><br />
|-<br />
|{{fb|JPN|1947}} |||29 August 1962 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
|{{fb|KOR|1949}} || 4 September 1962 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan="4"|11<br />
|rowspan="4"|{{sort name|Jarnail| Singh|Jarnail Singh (footballer)}} || {{fb|VSO}} || 1 September 1962 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
|{{fb|KOR|1949}} |||4 September 1962 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="11"|[[Bangkok]], Thailand ||{{fb|MAS}} || 12 December 1966|| rowspan="4" align=center |[[Football at the 1966 Asian Games#Results|1966]] || align=center |1 ‡ || align=center rowspan="4"|<ref name="1966AG matches">{{cite web|last=Ghoshal|first=Amoy |title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1966 Bangkok|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1966-bangkok<br />
|access-date=30 May 2023|website=sportskeeda.com |date=19 August 2014 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609100839/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1966-bangkok |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|{{fb|IRI|1964}} ||13 December 1966 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |12<br />
|{{sort name| Ashok | Chatterjee}} || {{fb|JPN|1870}} || 10 December 1966 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |13<br />
|{{sort name| Inder| Singh| Inder Singh (footballer)}} || {{fb|MAS}} || 12 December 1966 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |14<br />
||{{sort name|Subhash|Bhowmick}} || {{fb|THA}} || 10 December 1970 || rowspan="7" align=center |[[Football at the 1970 Asian Games#Results|1970]] || align=center |2 || rowspan="7" align=center|<ref name="rsssf1970">{{cite web |last1=Garin |first1=Erik|last2=Jovanovic|first2=Bojan |last3=Morrison |first3=Neil |title=Asian Games 1970 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames70.html|date=29 February 2012 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404154128/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames70.html |archive-date=4 April 2023 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |15<br />
|{{sort name| Mohammed|Habib|Mohammed Habib (footballer) }} || {{fb|VSO}} || 11 December 1970 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |16<br />
|{{sort name| Doraiswamy|Nataraj }} || rowspan="2"| {{fb|IDN}} || rowspan="2"| 15 December 1970 || align=center |1<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |17<br />
|{{sort name| Shyam | Thapa }}|| align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |18<br />
|{{sort name| Manjit | Singh |Manjit Singh (1970s footballer)}} || {{fb|JPN}} || 19 December 1970 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan="4"|19<br />
|rowspan="4"|{{sort name|Magan |Singh Rajvi}} || {{fb|VSO}} || 11 December 1970 || align=center |1<br />
|-<br />
|{{fb|IDN}} ||15 December 1970 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
| [[Azadi Stadium|Aryamehr Stadium]], [[Tehran]]||{{fb|CHN}} ||4 September 1974 || rowspan="2" align=center |[[Football at the 1974 Asian Games#Results|1974]] || align=center |1|| rowspan="2" align=center | <ref name="rsssf1974">{{cite web |last=Morrison |first=Neil |title=Asian Games 1974 (Iran) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames74.html|date=20 January 2012 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202020625/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames74.html |archive-date=2 February 2023 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Shahid Shiroudi Stadium|Amjadiyeh Stadium]], [[Tehran]]||{{fb|PRK|1948}} ||6 September 1974 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |20<br />
|{{sort name| Bidesh|Bose|Bidesh Ranjan Bose}} || rowspan="5"|Bangkok, Thailand || rowspan="3"|{{fb|BAN}} || rowspan="3"|10 December 1978 || rowspan="5" align=center |[[Football at the 1978 Asian Games#Results|1978]] || align=center |1 || rowspan="5" align=center |<ref name="1978AG matches">{{cite web|last=Ghoshal|first=Amoy |title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1978 Bangkok|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1978-bangkok<br />
|access-date=30 May 2023|website=sportskeeda.com |date=22 August 2014 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408123642/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1978-bangkok |url-status=live }}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |21<br />
|{{sort name| Hajinder |Singh }} || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |22<br />
|{{sort name| Xavier|Pius}} || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |23<br />
|{{sort name| Surajit|Sengupta}} || {{fb|KUW}} || 18 December 1978|| align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |24<br />
|{{sort name| A.|Devraj Doraiswamy}} || {{fb|PRK|1948}} || 20 December 1978|| align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |25<br />
|{{sort name| Prasun|Banerjee}} || [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[New Delhi]] || {{fb|BAN}} || 20 November 1982 || rowspan="4" align=center |[[Football at the 1982 Asian Games#Results|1982]] || align=center |1 || rowspan="4" align=center | <ref name="rsssf1982">{{cite web |last1=Garin|first1=Erik |last2=Morrison |first2=Neil |title=Asian Games 1982 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames82.html|date=17 January 2012 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405124521/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames82.html |archive-date=5 April 2023 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan="2"|26<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{sort name| Kartick|Seth}} || rowspan="3"|[[Ambedkar Stadium]], [[New Delhi]] || {{fb|MAS}} || 22 November 1982 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{fb|CHN}} || rowspan="2"|24 November 1982 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |27<br />
|{{sort name| Shabbir|Ali}} || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |28<br />
|{{sort name| Debashish|Mishra}} || [[Busan Gudeok Stadium]], [[Busan]] || {{fb|CHN}} || 22 September 1986 ||align=center | [[Football at the 1986 Asian Games#Results|1986]] || align=center |1 || align=center |<ref name="rsssf1986">{{cite web |last1=Garin|first1=Erik|last2=Jovanovic|first2=Bojan |last3=Morrison |first3=Neil |title=Asian Games 1982 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames86.html|date=21 December 2009 |access-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603065245/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames86.html |archive-date=3 June 2023 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |29<br />
|{{sort name| Carlton|Chapman}} ||rowspan="3"| [[Trang Municipality Stadium]], [[Trang, Thailand|Trang]] || {{fb|NEP}} || 5 December 1998 ||align=center rowspan="3"|[[Football at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Results|1998]] || align=center |1 || rowspan="3" align=center | <ref name="1998AG matches">{{cite web|last=Ghoshal|first=Amoy |title=Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1998 Bangkok|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1998-bangkok<br />
|access-date=14 August 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|date=25 August 2014 |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531084043/https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/indian-football-team-at-the-asian-games-1998-bangkok |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |30<br />
|{{sort name|I. M.|Vijayan}} || rowspan="2"|{{fb|TKM|1997}} || rowspan="2"|7 December 1998 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |31<br />
|{{sort name| Tushar|Rakshit}} || align=center |1<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan="2"|32<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{sort name|Bhaichung|Bhutia}} || [[Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium]], [[Ulsan]] || {{fbu|23|BAN}} || 27 September 2002 || align=center rowspan="4"|[[Football at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Results|2002]] ||align=center |2 || align=center rowspan="4"|<ref name="rsssf2002">{{cite web |last1=Díaz Rubio|first1=Julian|last2=Zlotkowski|first2=Andre |title=Asian Games 2002 (South Korea) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames02.html|date=23 November 2006 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212102740/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames02.html |archive-date=12 February 2023 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Yangsan Stadium]], [[Yangsan]] || {{fbu|23|TKM}} || 30 September 2002 || align=center |2 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |33<br />
|{{sort name| Renedy|Singh}} || Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium, Ulsan || {{fbu|23|BAN}} || 27 September 2002 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |34<br />
|{{sort name| Abhishek|Yadav|Abhishek Yadav (footballer)}} || Yangsan Stadium, Yangsan || {{fbu|23|TKM}} || 30 September 2002 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |35<br />
|{{sort name|Pappachen |Pradeep}} || [[Thani bin Jassim Stadium|Al-Gharafa Stadium]], [[Al-Rayyan]] || {{fbu|23|HKG}} || 29 November 2006 || align=center rowspan="3"|[[Football at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Results|2006]] ||align=center |1 || align=center rowspan="3"|<ref name="rsssf2006">{{cite web |last1=Riaz Hai Naveed|first1=Malik|last2=Zlotkowski|first2=Andre |title=Asian Games 2006 (Qatar) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames06.html|date=4 September 2014 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401174847/https://rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames06.html |archive-date=1 April 2023 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |36<br />
|{{sort name|Sukumar |Singh| Irungbam Surkumar Singh}} || rowspan="2"|[[Jassim bin Hamad Stadium|Al-Sadd Stadium]], [[Doha]] || rowspan="2"|{{fbu|23|MDV}} || rowspan="2"|3 December 2006 || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |37<br />
|{{sort name|Subhas |Chakrobarty |Subhas Sumbhu Chakrobarty}} || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |38<br />
|{{sort name|Dharmaraj |Ravanan}} || rowspan="5"|[[Huadu Stadium]], [[Guangzhou]] || {{fbu|23|QAT}} || 9 November 2010 || align=center rowspan="5"|[[Football at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Results|2010]] ||align=center |1 || align=center rowspan="5"|<ref name="rsssf2010">{{cite web |last=Zlotkowski|first=Andre |title=Asian Games 2002 (Guangzhou) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2010.html|date=29 October 2014 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022152628/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames2010.html |archive-date=22 October 2022 |work=[[RSSSF]] |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |39<br />
|{{sort name|Jewel |Raja}} || rowspan="4"|{{fbu|23|SIN}} || rowspan="4"|11 November 2010 ||align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |40<br />
|{{sort name|Balwant|Singh|Balwant Singh (footballer)}} || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |41<br />
|{{sort name|Jibon|Singh}} || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |42<br />
|{{sort name|Manish |Maithani}} || align=center |1 <br />
|-<br />
!scope=row |43<br />
|{{sort name|Rahul|K. P.}} || [[Yellow Dragon Sports Center|Huanglong Sports Centre Stadium]], [[Hangzhou]] || {{fbu|23|CHN}} || 19 September 2023 || align=center rowspan="3"|[[Football at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament#Results|2022]] ||align=center |1 || <ref name="2023INDvsKSA"/><br />
|-<br />
!scope=row rowspan="2"|44<br />
| rowspan="2"|{{sort name|Sunil|Chhetri}}|| rowspan="2"|[[Hangzhou Xiaoshan Sports Centre|Xiaoshan Sports Centre Stadium]], [[Xiaoshan District|Xiaoshan]] || {{fbu|23|BAN}} ||21 September 2023 ||align=center |1 ‡ ||<ref name="2023INDvsBAN"/><br />
|-<br />
|{{fb|MYA}} || 24 September 2023 || align=center |1 ‡ ||<ref name="2023INDvsMYA"/><br />
|}<br />
:‡ <small>Goal scored from [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalty kick]].</small><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[India at the AFC Asian Cup]]<br />
* [[India national football team at the Olympics]]<br />
* [[India at the FIFA World Cup qualification]]<br />
* [[History of the India national football team]]<br />
* [[Football at the Asian Games]]<br />
* [[Football at the Summer Olympics]]<br />
* [[AFC U-23 Championship]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Footnotes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Asia|India|Association football|Sports}}<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asia-games.html Asian Games ''(football overview)''] by ''[[RSSSF]]''<br />
* [https://ocasia.org/ Olympic Council of Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926101426/https://ocasia.org/ |date=2022-09-26 }}<br />
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/ All India Football Federation] (official website)<br />
* {{Twitter|IndianFootball}}<br />
* {{Facebook|445396648884481/}}<br />
* [https://www.the-afc.com/en/south/india.html India] at [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]<br />
* [https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/associations/IND India] at [[FIFA]]<br />
{{India national football team}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Football at the Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:India at the Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:History of sport in India]]<br />
[[Category:India national football team]]<br />
[[Category:India national under-23 football team]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horace_Williamson&diff=503087Horace Williamson2026-03-20T16:22:40Z<p>Roexpertindia: adding new page needs work</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]<br />
| name =Horace Williamson<br />
| honorific_suffix = <br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| order = <br />
| office = Director, [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Delhi Intelligence Bureau]] <br />
| term_start = 1931<br />
| term_end = 1936<br />
| predecessor = [[David Petrie]]<br />
| successor =<br />
| deputy = <br />
| office2 = Special advisor to the [[Secretary of State for India]]<br />
| term_end2 =1942<br />
| predecessor2 = <br />
| successor2 = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = 1880<br />
| birth_place =<br />
| death_date = 15 April 1965<br />
| death_place = <br />
| resting_place = <br />
| resting_place_coordinates = <br />
| profession = [[Indian Imperial Police|Police officer]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Sir Horace Williamson''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR-cats|sep=,|CIE|MBE}} (1880 - 15 April 1965) was a British colonial officer in the [[Indian Imperial Police]] and director of the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Delhi Intelligence Bureau]].<ref name=Griffiths1971>{{cite book |last1=Griffiths |first1=Percival |title=To Guard my People: The History of the Indian Police |date=1971 |publisher=Ernest Benn Ltd. |location=London |url=https://ia801509.us.archive.org/7/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.111104/2015.111104.The-History-Of-The-Indian-Police.pdf|isbn=0-510-26942-7|page=224}}</ref><ref name=Nair2022>{{cite book |last1=Nair |first1=Sunil |title=Tales of Crimes Past: A Casebook of Crime in Colonial India |date=2022 |publisher=Hachette |isbn=978-93-93701-27-5 |page=24 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UniCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT24 |language=en |chapter=3. Murder they wrote: The Fulham Clark affair}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Horace Wiiliamson was born in 1880 to a barrister.<ref name=West2014>{{cite book |last1=West |first1=Nigel |title=Historical Dictionary of British Intelligence |date=2014 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |location=Plymouth |isbn=978-0-8108-7896-9 |page=639 |edition=Second |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tWWAEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA639 |language=en |chapter=The Dictionary}}</ref> He was educated at [[Cheltenham College]] and joined the [[Indian Imperial Police|Indian Police Service]] in the [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]] in 1900.<ref name=West2014/><ref name=Noonans>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Lot 218, 25 March 2014 {{!}} Noonans Mayfair |url=https://www.noonans.co.uk/auctions/archive/lot-archive/results/244049/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006071823/https://www.noonans.co.uk/archive/lot-archive/results/244049/ |archive-date=6 October 2025 |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=www.noonans.co.uk}}</ref><br />
<br />
Williamson rose through the ranks, becoming in charge of the police in Agra in 1909.<ref name=Noonans/> He then became Superintendent in 1913 and Assistant to the Inspector General in 1916.<ref name=West2014/><ref name=Noonans/> He was awarded the M.B.E. in 1919 and the [[Order of the Indian Empire|C.I.E.]] in 1921.<ref name=Noonans/> Promoted to [[Deputy inspector general of police|Deputy Inspector General]] in 1923, he later served as Officiating Inspector General in 1928.<ref name=West2014/><ref name=Noonans/> In 1931, at the height of the [[Indian independence movement|civil disobedience movement]], he succeeded [[David Petrie]] as Director of the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Delhi Intelligence Bureau]], a position for which he was awarded the [[King's Police Medal]] later that year.<ref name=West2014/><ref name=Noonans/><ref name=West2015>{{cite book |last1=West |first1=Nigel |title=Historical Dictionary of International Intelligence |date=2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=979-8-8818-7563-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5o-AEQAAQBAJ|page=xvii |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Silvestri |first1=Michael |title=Policing ‘Bengali Terrorism’ in India and the World: Imperial Intelligence and Revolutionary Nationalism, 1905-1939 |date=2019 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-030-18042-3 |page=90 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zm2hDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA90|language=en}}</ref> Between 1936 and 1942 he was special advisor to the [[Secretary of State for India]].<ref name=West2014/><br />
<br />
He died in 1965.<ref name=West2014/><br />
<br />
==Selected publications==<br />
*{{cite book |title=India and Communism|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.237197/page/n5/mode/2up |date=1933 |publisher=Government of India Press |location=Calcutta}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Augusta Fullam]]<br />
*[[Bhagat Singh]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
*{{cite book |title=Hunter Report on the Amritsar Massacre, 1919 |date=1920 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |location=Calcutta |url=https://archive.org/details/india-et-al.-1920-report-of-the-committee-appointed-in-the-governmen/page/n7|language=English}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1880 births]]<br />
[[Category:1965 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People educated at Cheltenham College]]<br />
<br />
{{UK-bio-stub}}</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sartaj_Singh_(general)&diff=450170Sartaj Singh (general)2026-03-19T06:54:51Z<p>Roexpertindia: Revised and enhanced article content</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian army general}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox military person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]]<br />
| name = Sartaj Singh<br />
| honorific_suffix = [[George Medal|GM]]<br />
| death_date = 23 April 1998<br />
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}<br />
| branch = {{army|India}}<br />
| serviceyears = 1940–1974<br />
| rank = [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]]<br />
| unit = [[Regiment of Artillery]]<br />
| commands = [[Southern Command (India)|Southern Command]]<br />
| battles = {{Plainlist|<br />
*[[World War II]]<br />
*[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]<br />
*[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]<br />
}}<br />
| battles_label = <br />
| awards = {{Plainlist|<br />
*[[George Medal]]<br />
*[[Padma Bhushan]]<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
[[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] '''Sartaj Singh''' [[George Medal|GM]] (died 23 April 1998) was a senior officer in the [[Indian Army]]. He was commissioned into the [[Regiment of Artillery]] of the [[British Indian Army]] in 1940, and served as an anti-tank gunner in [[Ceylon]]. After completing training to serve as a gunnery staff instructor in the UK in 1947, he served as the first Indian instructor at the School of Artillery in [[Deolali]]. He served on a United Nations peacekeeping mission in the Congo, and commanded a division in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]. He served as the GOC, [[XV Corps (India)|XV Corps]] on the western front during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Indo Pakistan War of 1971]]. He was then awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1972 for his outstanding services to the nation.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | access-date=July 21, 2015 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> At the time of his retirement in 1974 he was General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the [[Southern Command (India)|Southern Command]], with the rank of [[lieutenant general]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/old/ie/daily/19980424/11450884.html|title = Business News: Business News India, Business News Today, Latest Finance News, Business News Live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79}}<br />
{{Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Sartaj}}<br />
[[Category:Indian generals]]<br />
[[Category:Generals of the India–Pakistan war of 1971]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service]]<br />
[[Category:1998 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br />
[[Category:Military personnel from Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian recipients of the George Medal]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-mil-bio-stub}}</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi&diff=455054Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi2026-03-15T23:17:00Z<p>Roexpertindia: minor cleanup</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Palestinian political leader (1947–2004)}}<br />
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi<br />
| native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ar|عبد العزيز الرنتيسي}}}}<br />
| image = Abd al-Aziz al-Rantisi (cropped).png<br />
| caption = Portrait of Al-Rantisi at the [[Shatila refugee camp]].<br />
| office = [[Chairman of the Hamas Shura Council]]<br />
| term_start = 22 March 2004<br />
| term_end = 17 April 2004<br />
| deputy = <br />
| predecessor = [[Ahmed Yassin]]<br />
| successor = <br />
| office1 = [[List of leaders of Hamas|Deputy Chairman of the Hamas Shura Council]]<br />
| term_start1 = 10 December 1987<br />
| term_end1 = 22 March 2004<br />
| predecessor1 = ''Position created''<br />
| successor1 = <br />
| birth_name = Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|10|23|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Yibna]], [[Ramle Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine|Ramle]], [[Mandatory Palestine]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2004|04|17|1947|10|23|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Gaza City]], [[Gaza Strip]], [[Palestinian territories]]<br />
| death_cause = [[Assassination of Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi|Assassination]] by airstrike<br />
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --><br />
| alma_mater = [[Alexandria University]]<br />
| spouse = [[Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi''' ({{langx|ar|عبد العزيز الرنتيسي}}{{ltr}}; 23 October 1947 – 17 April 2004) was a Palestinian political leader and co-founder of [[Hamas]], along with Sheikh [[Ahmed Yassin]] in 1987. He also served as the [[chairman of the Hamas Shura Council]] from the [[Killing of Ahmed Yassin|assassination of Hamas founder Ahmed Yassin]] on 22 March 2004 until [[Assassination of Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi|his own assassination]] in April 2004 and the first [[List of leaders of Hamas|deputy chairman of the Hamas Shura Council]] from December 1987 until March 2004.<br />
<br />
Rantisi was born in [[Yibna]], [[Mandatory Palestine]] in 1947. During the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]], his family [[1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight|fled or were expelled]] by Zionist militias to the [[Gaza Strip]]. In 1956, when he was nine, Israeli soldiers killed his uncle in front of him in [[Khan Younis]], which he stated had a lifelong impact on him. He studied [[pediatrics|pediatric medicine]] and [[genetics]] at [[Alexandria University]] in [[Egypt]], graduating first in his class; during that time he became a member of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]]. In 1976, he returned to Gaza to teach [[parasitology]] and [[genetics]] at the [[Islamic University of Gaza]].<br />
<br />
During the [[First Intifada]] against the [[Israeli occupied territories|Israeli occupation]] in 1988, he became a popular organizer and a leader whose efforts helped the formation of Hamas. Rantisi became Hamas's political leader and spokesman in the Gaza Strip following the Israeli killing of Hamas spiritual leader Sheikh Ahmed Yassin in March 2004.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/israel/Story/0,,1194569,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Israeli missile attack kills new Hamas chief|first=Conal|last=Urquhart|date=18 April 2004|access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref> Rantisi opposed compromise with Israel and called for the creation of a [[Palestinian state]] (including the whole of the State of Israel) through military action against Israel.<br />
<br />
On 17 April 2004, the [[Israeli Air Force]] [[targeted killing|assassinated]] al-Rantisi by firing [[Hellfire missiles]] from an [[Boeing AH-64 Apache|AH-64 Apache]] helicopter at his car.<br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
Rantisi was born in [[Yibna]], near [[Ramle Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine|Ramle]] in [[Mandatory Palestine]] on 23 October 1947. During the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]], his family [[1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight|fled or were expelled]] by Zionist militias to the [[Gaza Strip]]. In 1956, when he was eight or nine, he witnessed the [[Khan Yunis massacre]], in which Israeli soldiers killed hundreds of Palestinians in the [[Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Gaza: A History|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=97|author-link=Jean-Pierre Filiu |first=Jean-Pierre |last=Filiu}}</ref> During the massacre, al-Rantisi recalled that Israeli soldiers killed his uncle in front of him — as he explained to [[Joe Sacco]], this fact was very important for his future life.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sacco|first=Joe|title=Footnotes in Gaza|url=https://archive.org/details/footnotesingaza0000sacc|url-access=registration|year=2009|publisher=Metropolitan Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8050-7347-8}}</ref> He studied [[pediatrics|pediatric medicine]] and [[genetics]] at [[Egypt]]'s, [[Alexandria University]], graduating first in his class. He was a certified physician. During his time in Egypt, he became a deeply convicted member of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]]. In 1976, Rantisi returned to Gaza to teach [[parasitology]] and [[genetics]] at the [[Islamic University of Gaza|Islamic University]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2977816.stm|work=BBC News|title=Profile: Hamas leader Rantisi| date=17 April 2004|access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History with Hamas==<br />
In 1987, four Palestinian civilians of the Jabalya refugee camp were killed in a traffic accident that involved Israeli settlers and soldiers. Rantisi joined Sheikh [[Ahmad Yassin]] and [[Salah Shehadeh]], among others, encouraging people to protest the occupation, after mosque services. This was the start of the [[First Intifada]], which lasted five years. Rantisi became a popular organizer and leader whose efforts helped the formation of [[Hamas]].<br />
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/dr-abdel-aziz-rantisi-38342.html |work=The Independent |location=London, UK |title=Dr Abdel Aziz Rantisi |date=19 April 2004 |access-date=15 August 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Oct 2009 |title=Rantisi: A Life Lived, Ended for Palestinian Cause - 2004-04-18 |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2004-04-18-12-1-66344632/545180.html |access-date=15 Aug 2023 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><br />
In December 1992, Rantissi was deported to southern [[Lebanon]], as part of the expulsion of 416 Hamas and [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] operatives, and emerged as the general spokesman of the expellees.<ref name=therald>{{cite news|title=Israel shelling near camp|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ik9FAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1bsMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5819,823040&dq=abdulaziz+rantisi&hl=en|newspaper=The Telegraph Herald|date=4 January 1994|agency=Associated Press|location=Lebanon}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 8 June 2003, he directed a Hamas-led attack in which four Israeli soldiers were killed at the [[Erez Crossing]] in the Gaza Strip. On 10 June 2003, Rantisi survived an Israeli helicopter attack on a car in which he was traveling.<ref name=abc1063>{{cite news|last=Jones|first=Tony|title=Hamas leader survives assassination attempt|url=http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2003/s876632.htm|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=10 June 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419044030/http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2003/s876632.htm|archive-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was lightly wounded in the attack, which killed one of his bodyguards, a civilian, and wounded at least 25 others.<ref name=un>{{cite web|title=Identical letters dated 10 June 2003 from the Permanent Observer of Palestine to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council |url=https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6466EA5918CD99FF85256D430052B9F8 |publisher=UN |access-date=17 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419030953/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6466EA5918CD99FF85256D430052B9F8 |archive-date=19 April 2014 |date=10 June 2003}}</ref> Rantisi also reportedly threatened, while in his bed in [[Al-Shifa Hospital]], "not a single Jew in Palestine is safe" and "kill Israeli political leaders, because all of them are killers".<ref>{{cite news |author=Staff Reporter |title='Not a single Jew in Palestine is safe' |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2003-06-10-not-a-single-jew-in-palestine-is-safe/ |work=The Mail & Guardian |date=10 June 2003 |language=en-ZA}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 23 March 2004, Rantisi was named leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip, following the killing of [[Ahmed Yassin]] by Israeli forces. On 27 March 2004, Rantisi addressed 5,000 supporters in [[Gaza City|Gaza]]. He declared the then-US President [[George W. Bush]] to be an "enemy of Muslims" and asserted that "America declared war against God. Sharon declared war against God and God declared war against America, Bush and Sharon. The war of God continues against them and I can see the victory coming up from the land of Palestine by the hand of Hamas."<ref name=cnn04>{{cite news|title=New Hamas leader: Bush is 'enemy of Muslims'|url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/03/28/mideast.conflict/index.html|access-date=26 June 2024|newspaper=CNN|date=6 May 2004|location=Gaza City}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Assassination==<br />
{{main|Assassination of Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi}}<br />
<br />
On 17 April 2004, Rantisi was [[Assassination of Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi|assassinated]] by the [[Israeli Air Force]], when they fired [[Hellfire missiles]] from an [[AH-64 Apache]] helicopter at his car. Two others, a bodyguard (named Akram Nassar), and Rantisi's 27-year-old son Mohammed, were also killed in the attack, and four bystanders wounded. [[Israeli army radio]] stated that this was the first opportunity to target Rantisi, without significant [[collateral damage]], since he took the leadership of Hamas,<ref name="wwwisraelnncom4">{{cite web|url=http://www.israelnn.com/news.php3?id=60974|title=Surgical Strike Not a Retaliatory Action |work=Artuz Sheva |date=17 April 2004|access-date=18 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129032450/http://www.israelnn.com/news.php3?id=60974|archive-date=29 November 2005 }}</ref> alleging that he had surrounded himself with [[human shield]]s since the killing of Yassin.<ref name="Plaw2008">{{cite book|first=Avery |last=Plaw|title=Targeting Terrorists: A License to Kill?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lrLGaUvJfykC&pg=PA77|year=2008|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-4526-9|page=77}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Reactions===<br />
Israeli Foreign Ministry spokesman [[Jonathan Peled]] stated:<br />
: "Israel...today struck a mastermind of terrorism, with blood on his hands. As long as the [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]] does not lift a finger and fight terrorism, Israel will continue to have to do so itself."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YlsyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xucFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3163,4724148|work=Lawrence Journal-World |via=Google News Archive Search |title=Israeli attack kills leader of Hamas |first=Michael |last=Matza |date=18 April 2004}}</ref><br />
<br />
British Foreign Minister [[Jack Straw]] condemned the action:<br />
: "The British government has made it repeatedly clear that so-called 'targeted assassinations' of this kind are unlawful, unjustified and counter-productive."<ref>{{cite news|title=UK condemns Hamas leader killing|date=18 April 2004|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3636179.stm|access-date=26 June 2024 |work=BBC}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Rantisi was married to [[Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti]], who was elected to the [[Palestinian Legislative Council]] in 2006, and who was herself assassinated in 2023; they had six children.<ref name=merip04>{{cite journal|last=Seitz|first=Charmaine|title=A New Kind of Killing|journal=MERIP|date=30 March 2004|url=http://www.merip.org/mero/mero033004|access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Writings ==<br />
Al-Rantisi's political writings and poems were widely published in Arabic newspapers and on his personal website.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Alshaer |first=Atef |title=The Poetry of Hamas |journal=[[Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication]] |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=214–230 |date=September 2009 |doi=10.1163/187398509X12476683126383 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233524457 |access-date=11 June 2025}}</ref><br />
Among his books we find ''Memoirs of the Martyr Dr. Abdel Aziz Al-Rantisi'', compiled by Amer Shamakh, which offers insights into his personal experiences, ideological beliefs, and the events that shaped his role in the Palestinian resistance.<ref name="All4Palestine">{{Cite web |title=Abdel Aziz Al-Rantisi |url=https://www.all4palestine.org/ModelDetails.aspx?gid=14&mid=78083&lang=en |access-date=5 June 2025 |website=All4Palestine |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
<br />
The [[Al-Rantisi Hospital|Al-Rantisi]] Pediatric Hospital, in Gaza City, is named after him. It provided treatment for cancer and kidney failure.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gaza's Al-Rantisi Hospital goes out of service, leaving 38 children with kidney failure in danger |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/gazas-al-rantisi-hospital-goes-out-of-service-leaving-38-children-with-kidney-failure-in-danger/3049210 |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Feature: Cancer patients in Gaza suffer painful treatment journey - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/31/c_138270696.htm |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=www.xinhuanet.com |date=2019-07-31}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Al-Rantisi Hospital]]<br />
* [[Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=307153&contrassID=2&subContrassID=15&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y What the doctor orders – Interview by Amira Hass] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001002849/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=307153&contrassID=2&subContrassID=15&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y |date=1 October 2007 }} ([[Haaretz]])<br />
<br />
{{Hamas leaders}}<br />
{{Hamas}}<br />
{{Targeted killing by Israel}}<br />
{{Israeli–Palestinian conflict}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rantisi, Abdel Aziz}}<br />
[[Category:1947 births]]<br />
[[Category:2004 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Hamas leaders]]<br />
[[Category:Palestinian Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:Assassinated Palestinian politicians]]<br />
[[Category:People from the Gaza Strip]]<br />
[[Category:Palestinian pediatricians]]<br />
[[Category:Alexandria University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Academic staff of the Islamic University of Gaza]]<br />
[[Category:Palestinian nationalists]]<br />
[[Category:Assassinated Hamas members]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Palestinian medical doctors]]<br />
[[Category:History of Hamas]]<br />
[[Category:Hamas members]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-Americanism]]<br />
[[Category:Asian politicians assassinated in the 2000s]]<br />
[[Category:2000s murders in Palestine]]<br />
[[Category:Palestinian expatriates in Egypt]]<br />
[[Category:Arab people from Mandatory Palestine]]<br />
[[Category:People from Mandatory Palestine]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians assassinated in 2004]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths by Israeli airstrikes]]<br />
[[Category:People of the Second Intifada]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Azam_Nadwi&diff=518779Muhammad Azam Nadwi2026-03-15T02:32:30Z<p>Roexpertindia: adding first info more to come</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar (born 1984)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox scholar<br />
| honorific_prefix = Dr., [[Mufti]]<br />
| name = Muhammad Azam Nadwi<br />
| image = Muhammad Azam Nadwi with Khalid Saifullah Rahmani at the launch of Rahmani’s book “Prophet for the World”, held on 14 September 2024..jpg<br />
| caption = Left: [[Khalid Saifullah Rahmani]], Right: Muhammad Azam Nadwi, during the launch of Rahmani's book "Prophet for the World", held on 14 September 2024.<br />
| native_name = محمد أعظم الندوي<br />
| native_name_lang = ar<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1984|12|15}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Jamshedpur]], Bihar, India (now in [[Jharkhand]])<br />
| region = [[South Asia]]<br />
| occupation = Islamic scholar, writer, professor<br />
| language = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Urdu<br />
* Arabic<br />
}}<br />
| education = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]] (ʿĀlimiyyat, Faḍīlah)<br />
* [[University of Lucknow]] (B.A.)<br />
* [[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]] (M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.)<br />
}}<br />
| thesis_title = {{Bulleted list<br />
| {{noitalic|Ph.D. —}} Intertextuality in the Modern Literary Criticism & its Manifestations in the Writings of Shaikh Abul Hasan Ali Al Hasani Al Nadwi {{noitalic|(2023)}}<br />
| {{noitalic|M.Phil. —}} Biographical Works of Mohammad Akram Nadwi on Indian Eminent Personalities: An Analytical & Critical Study {{noitalic|(2017)}}<br />
}}<br />
| thesis_year =<br />
| doctoral_advisor = Mohammad Sharfe Alam<br />
| main_interests = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh)<br />
* Arabic literature<br />
* Islamic thought<br />
* Contemporary Muslim identity<br />
}}<br />
| notable_works = {{Plainlist|<br />
* ''Muḥsin-e-Insāniyyat''<br />
* ''Mukhtārāt min Uṣūl al-Fiqh''<br />
* ''Koronā’ī Adab''<br />
* Arabic article on [[Iqbal]]: ''al-Dhāt fī Adab-i-Iqbāl''<br />
}}<br />
| known_for = Arabic and Urdu writings on Islamic jurisprudence and reform<br />
| era = Contemporary<br />
| website =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Muhammad Azam Nadwi''' (born 15 December 1984) is an Indian Islamic scholar, writer, and professor, recognized for his work in Arabic literature and Islamic jurisprudence. He has authored and translated numerous scholarly articles and books in both Arabic and Urdu, focusing on Islamic law, contemporary Muslim identity, and classical scholarship. Nadwi currently teaches Islamic sciences—including Ḥadīth and Fiqh—at [[Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami, Hyderabad]].<br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Muhammad Azam Nadwi was born on 15 December 1984.<ref name="hayat">{{cite book |title=Hazrat Maulana Khalid Saifullah Rahmani: Hayat wa Afkar |publisher=Naeemia Book Depot |year=2024 |editor-last=Rahmani |editor-first=Ubaid Akhtar |edition=1st |location=Deoband |page=496 |language=ur |trans-title=Hazrat Maulana Khalid Saifullah Rahmani: Life and Thoughts |editor-last2=Nadwi |editor-first2=Muhammad bin Abdullah}}</ref> His father, Sayyid Hussain Ahmad ‘Ārif Gayāwī (1941–2020), was an Islamic scholar and Urdu poet, and a student of [[Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad]]. He served as the imam and khatib of the Jāmiʿ Masjid in [[Sakchi]], Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), for 27 years, from 1983 to 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mayurbhanji |first=Muhammad Ruhul Amin |date=27 February 2022 |title=Tazkira Maulana Syed Husain Ahmad Qasmi Arif Gayawi |trans-title=Biography of Maulana Syed Husain Ahmad Qasmi Arif Gayawi |url=https://qindeelonline.com/tazkera-maulana-syed-husain-ahmad-qasmi-by-mohd-ruhul-ameen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225121817/https://qindeelonline.com/tazkera-maulana-syed-husain-ahmad-qasmi-by-mohd-ruhul-ameen/ |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=7 July 2025 |website=Qindeel Online |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Azīzī |first=Faizan |date=1 March 2020 |editor-last=Farīd |editor-first=S. M. Ajmal |editor2-last=Farīd |editor2-first=S. M. Tāriq |title=Sayyid ʿĀrif Ḥusain Gayāwī kā Ṭāṭā mein intiqāl |trans-title=Sayyid Arif Husain Gayawi passed away in Tata (Jamshedpur) |url=https://archive.org/details/qaumi-tanzeem-patna-1-march-2020-v.-59-issue.-60 |journal=Daily Qaumi Tanzeem |language=ur |location=[[Patna]] |volume=50 |issue=60 |page=5}}</ref><br />
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He [[hifz|memorized the Qur’an]] and received certification in Qirā’ah from Madrasa Hussainia in [[Jamshedpur]] and [[Ranchi]]. He then pursued traditional Islamic studies and completed the ʿĀlimiyyah course at [[Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]], Lucknow, followed by the Faḍīlah specialization in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) in 2004 — a qualification considered equivalent to a Master’s degree in Islamic Studies. He later obtained a Bachelor's degree from the [[University of Lucknow]], and subsequently earned an M.A. in Arabic language and literature from [[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]], Hyderabad.{{Sfn|Rahmani|Nadwi|2024|p=496}}{{Sfn|Nadwi|2016|p=265}}<ref name="masjidebaqi">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Mufti Muhammad Azam Nadwi |url=https://www.masjidebaqi.in/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005095052/https://www.masjidebaqi.in/about |archive-date=2023-10-05 |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=Masjid e Baqi |language=en}}</ref><br />
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He was awarded an [[Master of Philosophy|M.Phil.]] in Arabic from the same university in 2017 for a dissertation titled ''Biographical Works of Mohammad Akram Nadwi on Indian Eminent Personalities: An Analytical and Critical Study'', supervised by Abdul Quddoos, Associate Professor in the Department of Arabic.<ref>{{cite web |title=MPhil Award List (2017)|url=https://manuu.edu.in/University/POS/MPhil?search=&Year_of_Award=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250707095209/https://manuu.edu.in/University/POS/MPhil?search=&Year_of_Award=7 |archive-date=7 July 2025 |access-date=7 July 2025 |website=MANUU |language=en}}</ref> On 1 March 2023, he received his [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in Arabic from the same university for a dissertation titled ''Intertextuality in the Modern Literary Criticism & its Manifestations in the Writings of Shaikh Abul Hasan Ali Al Hasani Al Nadwi'', under the supervision of Assistant Professor Mohammad Sharfe Alam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ph.D. Award List 2023 |url=https://manuu.edu.in/University/POS/PhD-Award-List-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328090544/https://manuu.edu.in/University/POS/PhD-Award-List-2023 |archive-date=28 March 2025 |access-date=7 July 2025 |website=[[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Mufti Mohd Sharfe Alam, Assistant professor, MAANU|date=25 July 2022|url=https://manuu.edu.in/sites/default/files/2022-07/Faculty_Profile_2022MUFTIMOHDSHARFEALAM.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527043142/https://manuu.edu.in/sites/default/files/2022-07/Faculty_Profile_2022MUFTIMOHDSHARFEALAM.pdf|archive-date=27 May 2025|access-date=7 July 2025|url-status=live|website=[[Maulana Azad National Urdu University|MANUU]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=25th Annual Report 2022–2023|url=https://manuu.edu.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/Annual%20Report%202022-23-Eng.pdf |website=Maulana Azad National Urdu University|date=May 2024|language=en|access-date=7 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521151433/https://manuu.edu.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/Annual%20Report%202022-23-Eng.pdf|archive-date=21 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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== Career ==<br />
Nadwi previously served as a teacher at Jāmiʿat al-Imām Aḥmad ibn ʿIrfān al-Shahīd in Malihabad, and currently teaches Hadith, Fiqh, and Arabic at [[Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami, Hyderabad]],{{Sfn|Rahmani|Nadwi|2024|p=496}} where he also serves as coordinator of the Department of Culture.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-10-09 |title=Muslim naujawānōṅ meṅ phailtā ilḥād waqt kā sab se baṛā fitnah |trans-title=The spread of atheism among Muslim youth is the greatest tribulation of our time |url=https://urdu.millattimes.com/archives/84283 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250707073044/https://urdu.millattimes.com/archives/84283 |archive-date=2025-07-07 |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=[[Millat Times]] |language=ur}}</ref><br />
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He also serves as the Imam and Khatib of Masjid-e-Baqi in Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, where he is recognized as the resident scholar.<ref name="masjidebaqi" /><br />
He is also a member of the [[International Union of Muslim Scholars]], a global association of prominent Islamic scholars.<ref name="iumsonline" /><br />
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He also participated in international scholarly seminars, including one held in [[Rabat]], Morocco, organized by [[ICESCO]] and the [[International Institute of Islamic Thought]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=az-Zāhiri |first=Sa'īd |year=2016 |title=تقرير علمي لمؤتمر علمي دولي بعنوان: محمد إقبال وجهوده في الإصلاح والتجديد الفكري |trans-title=Scientific Report on the International Conference: Muhammad Iqbal and His Efforts in Reform and Intellectual Renewal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDKDDQAAQBAJ&dq=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A&pg=PT221 |journal=Al-Fikr Al-islāmī Al-muʿāṣir |language=ar |volume=21 |issue=83 |pages=216, 220 |issn=1729-4193}}</ref><br />
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He served as one of the chief editors of the Arabic monthly journal ''Risālat al-Shabāb'', published since 2003 by the Markaz-e-Islāmī of Jamʿiyyat Shabāb al-Islām in Lucknow.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ālam |first=Suhaib |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wUMEEQAAQBAJ&dq=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A&pg=PT177 |title=Tārīkh al-lughah al-'Arabiyyah wa wāqi'uhā fī al-Hind |date=2024-01-01 |publisher=[[King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language]] |isbn=978-603-8444-13-9 |page=376 |language=ar |trans-title=The History of the Arabic Language and Its Current Status in India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=al-Nadwi |first=Muhammad Ayyūb Tāj al-Dīn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3UMEEQAAQBAJ&dq=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A&pg=PA133 |title=Dalīl al-jarā'id wa al-majallāt al-'Arabiyyah fī al-Hind |date=2024-01-01 |publisher=King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language |isbn=978-603-8413-85-2 |page=133 |language=ar |trans-title=Directory of Arabic Newspapers and Magazines in India}}</ref><br />
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== Literary works ==<br />
=== Urdu Writings ===<br />
Nadwi has authored several Islamic jurisprudential and socio-religious articles in Urdu. His work often engages with contemporary issues through a legal and ethical lens. Notable examples include ''Bank se Jāri Hone Wāle Mukhtalif Kārd kā Shar‘ī Ḥukm'' ({{translation|Legal Ruling on Various Bank-Issued Cards}}), which explores the permissibility and implications of modern financial instruments,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q3vRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA6 |title=Bank se jāri hone wāle mukhtalif kārd ke sharʿī aḥkām |date=March 2008 |publisher=[[Islamic Fiqh Academy (India)]] |edition=1st |pages=177–185 |language=ur |trans-title=Islamic Rules for Banking Cards}}</ref> and ''WhatsApp Group: Kitne Mufīd, Kitne Muḍir?'' ({{translation|[[WhatsApp]] Groups: How Useful, How Harmful?}}), which discusses the benefits and harms of digital communication platforms.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nadvi |first=Munawwar Sultan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKRoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 |title=Da'wāti aur ta'līmī maqāsid ke liye social media kā istemāl |publisher=Marwah Educational Foundation |year=2018 |location=Lucknow |pages=93–100 |language=ur |trans-title=Use of social media for preaching and educational purposes}}</ref><br />
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=== Arabic Articles ===<br />
In addition to his Urdu writings, Nadwi has published numerous research articles in Arabic on literature, history, and socio-political themes.<ref name="doi" /><ref name="muslim-women" /><ref name="Razā" /> He has also translated several Islamic jurisprudential texts between Urdu and Arabic.{{Sfn|Rahmani|Nadwi|2024|p=496}}<br />
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Furthermore, he translated [[Faiz Ahmad Faiz]]’s well-known Urdu poem "Hum Dekhenge" into Arabic under the title "Naḥnu Narā'" ({{langx|ar|نحن نرى}}).<ref>{{cite web |last=al-Nadwi |first=Miraj Ahmad Miraj |date=11 January 2020 |title=حينما تطير جبال العداء |trans-title=When the Mountains of Enmity Will Fly |url=https://www.turkpress.co/node/67789 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205074759/https://www.turkpress.co/node/67789 |archive-date=5 December 2020 |access-date=6 July 2025 |website=Turk Press |language=ar}}</ref><br />
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==== On Iqbal ====<br />
His article titled ''al-Dhāt fī Adab Iqbāl: Mafhūmuhā, wa Maʿālim Bināʾihā, wa Dawruhā fī al-Nuhūḍ al-Ḥaḍārī li-l-Ummah'' ({{translation|The Self in Iqbal’s Literature: Its Concept, Structure, and Role in the Civilizational Uplift of the Ummah}}) explores the philosophical concept of selfhood ([[khudi]]) in [[Iqbal]]’s poetry and its significance for cultural and civilizational renewal.<ref name="doi">{{cite journal |last=Nadwi |first=Muhammad Azam |date=1 April 2016 |title=Al-Dhāt fī Adab-i-Iqbāl: Mafhūmuhā, wa Maʿālim-u-Bināʾihā, wa Dawruhā fī al-Nuhūḍ al-Ḥaḍārī li-l-Ummah |trans-title="The Self" in Iqbal’s Literature: Its Concept, Structural Features, and Role in the Civilizational Advancement of the Ummah |url=https://doi.org/10.35632/citj.v21i84.617 |url-status=live |journal=Al-Fikr Al-islāmī Al-muʿāṣir |language=ar |volume=21 |issue=84 |pages=165–192 |doi=10.35632/citj.v21i84.617 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250707025409/https://citj.org/index.php/citj/article/view/617 |archive-date=7 July 2025 |access-date=6 July 2025|doi-access=free }}</ref><br />
==== On Religious and Historical Figures ====<br />
He has also written about scholars such as ''[[Rabey Hasani Nadwi|Muhammad Rabey Hasani Nadwi]]''<ref>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Nadvi|editor1-first=Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi|editor2-last=Nadwi|editor2-first=Muhammad Farman|editor1-link=Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi Nadvi|last=Nadwi|first=Muhammad Azam|title=Al-Shaykh Muḥammad al-Rābiʿ al-Ḥasanī al-Nadwī: Shakhṣiyyatuhu wa Mazāyā Kitābātih|trans-title=Shaykh Muhammad Rabey Hasani Nadwi: His Personality and the Distinctive Features of His Writings|url=https://archive.org/details/al-baas-el-islami-maulana-muhammad-rabey-hasani-number |journal=[[Al-Baas El-Islami]]|date=September–November 2023|volume=69|issue=8–10|publisher=Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama|location=Lucknow|pages=111–117|language=ar}}</ref> and ''[[Jafar Masood Hasani Nadwi]]''.<ref name="2025-01-20">{{cite web |last=al-Nadwi |first=Muhammad Azam |date=2025-01-20 |title=وداعًا شيخنا جعفر بن رشيد .. في ذمة الله علم من أعلام ندوة العلماء |trans-title=Farewell to Our Shaykh Jaʿfar ibn Rashid: A Leading Scholar of Nadwatul Ulama Passes Away |url=https://www.arabic.awazthevoice.in/personality-news/-1906.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250707024836/https://www.arabic.awazthevoice.in/personality-news/-1906.html |archive-date=7 July 2025 |access-date=6 July 2025 |website=Awaz the Voice |language=ar}}</ref><br />
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His Arabic article ''Faḍīlat al-Shaykh Muḥammad Sālim al-Qāsmī wa Maqawwimāt Bināʾ Shakhṣiyyatihi al-Fadhdhah'' ({{translation|Virtues of [[Muhammad Salim Qasmi]] and the Pillars of His Unique Personality}}) was published in a commemorative volume by Hujjat al-Islam Academy, [[Darul Uloom Waqf]], Deoband.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://dud.edu.in/index.php/ur/publications-2/413-title-of-publications-14 |title=Khatibul Islam Al-Shaikh Muhammad Salim Al-Qasmi: Hayātuhu, Afkāruhu, Āthāruhu |publisher=Hujjat al-Islam Academy, [[Darul Uloom Waqf]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-93-84775-09-4 |location=Deoband |pages=193–204 |language=ar |trans-title= |access-date=6 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250614143629/https://dud.edu.in/index.php/ur/publications-2/413-title-of-publications-14 |archive-date=14 June 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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==== On Society and Identity ====<br />
Other Arabic articles by Nadwi include ''al-Dawr al-Qiyādī li-l-Nisā’ al-Muslimāt fī Ḥarakat Taḥrīr al-Hind'' ({{translation|The Leadership Role of Muslim Women in [[Indian Freedom Movement|India's Freedom Movement]]}}),<ref name="muslim-women">{{cite web |last=al-Nadwi |first=Muhammad Azam |date=2024-08-15 |title=الدور القيادي للنساء المسلمات في حركة تحرير الهند |trans-title=The Leadership Role of Muslim Women in India’s Freedom Movement |url=https://www.arabic.awazthevoice.in/women-news/leading-role-of-muslim-women-in-indian-s-freedom-movement-887.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241105160258/https://www.arabic.awazthevoice.in/women-news/leading-role-of-muslim-women-in-indian-s-freedom-movement-887.html |archive-date=5 November 2024 |access-date=6 July 2025 |website=Awaz the Voice |language=ar}}</ref> ''Khuṭaṭ wa Khuṭuwāt Naḥwa Ibādah al-Muslimīn fī al-Hind (Muqāranah Taqrībiyyah maʿa Isbāniyā)'' ({{translation|Plans and Steps Toward the Extermination of [[Muslims in India]] (A Comparative Approximation with [[Spain]])}}),<ref>{{cite web |last=al-Nadwi |first=Muhammad Azam |date=2020-05-19 |title=خطط وخطوات نحو إبادة المسلمين في الهند (مقارنة تقريبية مع إسبانيا) |trans-title=Plans and Steps Toward the Extermination of Muslims in India (A Comparative Approximation with Spain) |url=https://pulpit.alwatanvoice.com/articles/2020/05/19/522709.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250707023544/https://pulpit.alwatanvoice.com/articles/2020/05/19/522709.html |archive-date=7 July 2025 |access-date=6 July 2025 |website=Alwatan Voice |language=ar}}</ref> ''al-Hujūm ʿalā al-Waqf: Iʿtidāʾ ʿalā al-Īmān wa al-Huwiyyah wa al-Dustūr'' ({{translation|Attack on [[Waqf]]: An Assault on Faith, Identity, and Constitution}}),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nadwi |first=Muhammad Azam |date=14 April 2025 |title=الهجوم على الوقف الإسلامي في الهند: اعتداء على الإيمان والهوية والدستور |trans-title=Attack on Waqf: An Assault on Faith, Identity, and Constitution |url=https://www.ikhwanonline.com/article/267852 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414225156/https://www.ikhwanonline.com/article/267852 |archive-date=2025-04-14 |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=[[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt]] |language=ar}}</ref> and ''Mīthāq al-Madīnah wa Dustūr al-Hind: ʿAdlun Yajmaʿ wa Tanawwuʿun Yarfaʿ'' ({{translation|The [[Constitution of Medina|Madinan Charter]] and the [[Constitution of India]]: Justice Unites, Diversity Elevates}}), which draws a comparative perspective between the Prophet Muhammad’s Charter of Medina and India’s Constitution, emphasizing their shared principles of justice, coexistence, and pluralism.<ref name="iumsonline">{{cite web |last=Nadwi |first=Muhammad Azam |date=2025-01-26 |title=ميثاق المدينة ودستور الهند.. عدلٌ يجمع، وتنوّعٌ يرفع |trans-title=The Madinan Charter and the Constitution of India: Justice Unites, Diversity Elevates |website=[[International Union of Muslim Scholars]] |language=ar |url=https://www.iumsonline.org/ar/ContentDetails.aspx?ID=37284 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126092333/https://iumsonline.org/ar/ContentDetails.aspx?ID=37284 |archive-date=2025-01-26 |access-date=2025-07-07}}</ref><br />
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He also translated ''Wājib al-ʿUlamāʾ wa al-Fuqahāʾ fī al-Wāqiʿ al-Muʿāṣir'' ({{translation|Duties of Scholars in the Contemporary Context}}), an article by [[Khalid Saifullah Rahmani]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=al-Raḥmānī |first=Khālid Saifullah |author-link=Khalid Saifullah Rahmani |date=November 2018 |editor-last=Nadvi |editor-first=Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi |title=واجب العلماء والفقهاء في الواقع المعاصر |trans-title=The Duty of Scholars and Jurists in the Contemporary Context |url=https://search.mandumah.com/Record/1244305/Details |url-status=live |journal=Al-Baʿth al-Islāmī |language=ar |location=India |publisher=Muʾassasat al-Ṣaḥāfah wa al-Nashr – Maktab al-Baʿth al-Islāmī |volume=64 |issue=7 |pages=29–40 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250707023752/https://search.mandumah.com/Record/1244305/Details |archive-date=7 July 2025 |access-date=6 July 2025 |translator-last=al-Nadwī |translator-first=Muhammad Azam}}</ref><br />
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==== On Literary Criticism ====<br />
Nadwi has also written on literary and exegetical themes. His article titled al-Tanāṣṣ al-Qurʾānī wa Tajalliyātuhu fī Kitāb "Mādhā Khasira al-ʿĀlam bi-Inḥiṭāṭ al-Muslimīn" lil-Imām Abī al-Ḥasan al-Nadwī ({{translation|Qur’anic Intertextuality and Its Manifestations in the Book "[[Islam and the World|Maza Khasir al-Alam Bi Inhitatil Muslimeen]]"}}) analyzes the role of Qur’anic allusions and rhetorical structure in one of [[Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi]]'s most influential works.<ref name="intertextuality">{{cite web |last=Nadwi |first=Muhammad Azam |date=13 July 2021 |title=التناص القرآني وتجلياته في كتاب "ماذا خسر العالم بانحطاط المسلمين" للإمام أبي الحسن الندوي |trans-title=Qur’anic Intertextuality and Its Manifestations in the Book "Maza Khasir al-Alam Bi Inhitatil Muslimeen" by Imam Abul Hasan Nadwi |url=https://albasulislami.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%91%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525020345/https://albasulislami.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%91%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0/ |archive-date=25 May 2025 |access-date=6 July 2025 |website=Al-Baas el-Islami |language=ar}}</ref><br />
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==== On Travel Literature ====<br />
His paper ''Muḥammad ibn Nasser al-Aboudi wa Riḥālātuhu ilā al-Hind'' ({{translation|[[Mohammed Nasser Al-Aboudi]] and His Travels to India}}) discusses the cultural and artistic insights of modern Arabic travel literature.<ref name="Razā">{{cite book |last=al-Nadwī |first=Muhammad Azam |url=https://manuu.edu.in/sites/default/files/Departments/Arabic/IndiaInModernArabicTravelogues.pdf |title=al-Hind fī al-Riḥalāt al-ʿArabiyyah al-Ḥadīthah |date=October 2024 |publisher=Department of Arabic, [[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]] |isbn=978-93-341-5184-8 |editor-last=Razā |editor-first=Muḥammad Shākir |location=Hyderabad |pages=235–247 |language=ar |trans-title=India in Modern Arabic Travelogues |chapter=Muḥammad ibn Nāṣir al-ʿUbūdī wa Riḥālātuhu ilā al-Hind: al-Waʿy al-Thaqāfī wa al-Taṣwīr al-Fannī |chapter-url= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250707023114/https://manuu.edu.in/sites/default/files/Departments/Arabic/IndiaInModernArabicTravelogues.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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=== Books ===<br />
He has authored, edited, and translated several works, including:{{Sfn|Rahmani|Nadwi|2024|p=496}}<br />
* ''Muḥsin-e-Insāniyyat Ṣallallāhu ʿalayhi wa sallam''<br />
* ''Mukhtārāt min Uṣūl al-Fiqh'' (a comprehensive work on the [[principles of Islamic jurisprudence]])<br />
* ''Il-Imām Muḥammad Qāsim al-Nānawtawi'' — an Arabic translation of a work by [[Khalid Saifullah Rahmani]], supplemented with annotations by Nadwi himself.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahmani |first=Khalid Saifullah |url=https://archive.org/details/al-imam-muhammad-qasim-al-nanotwi-by-khalid-saifullah-rahmani |title=Al-Imām Muḥammad Qāsim al-Nānawtawī: Rāʾid al-Nahḍah al-Islāmiyyah wa Muʾassis Ḥarakat al-Madāris al-Dīniyyah fī Shibh al-Qārrah al-Hindiyyah |publisher=[[Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami, Hyderabad]] |year=2010 |edition=1st |page=1 |language=ar |translator-last=Nadwi |translator-first=Muhammad Azam |trans-title=Imam Muhammad Qasim al-Nanawtawi: Pioneer of Islamic Renaissance and Founder of the Religious School Movement in the Indian Subcontinent}}</ref><br />
* ''Koronā’ī Adab'' — an Urdu anthology on literature during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], compiled by Nadwi and featuring essays and poetry reflecting on the pandemic experience.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Maulana Abdul Aziz Bhatkali Nadwi ke haathon Muhammad Azam Nadwi ki kitaab 'Koronai Adab' ka rasm-e-ijra |trans-title=The book 'Koronai Adab' by Muhammad Azam Nadwi was inaugurated by Maulana Abdul Aziz Bhatkali Nadwi |url=https://aawaaznews.ad4allover.in/?p=19924 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221224301/https://aawaaznews.ad4allover.in/?p=19924 |archive-date=21 February 2021 |access-date=6 July 2025 |website=Aawaz |language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nadwi, Muhammad Azam}}<br />
[[Category:1984 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]<br />
[[Category:Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama alumni]]<br />
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Maulana Azad National Urdu University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]<br />
[[Category:Arabic-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:Urdu-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:People from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:People from Jamshedpur]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Holy_Science&diff=458698The Holy Science2026-03-06T05:23:10Z<p>Roexpertindia: quick rework layout based on references further and corrected details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Religious book}}<br />
{{italic title}}<br />
[[File:Swami Sri Yukteswar Pose.jpg|thumb|[[Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri]], author of ''The Holy Science'']]<br />
'''''The Holy Science''''' is a book written by Swami [[Sri Yukteswar Giri]] in 1894 under the title '''''Kaivalya Darsanam'''''. Sri Yukteswar states that he wrote ''The Holy Science'' at the request of [[Mahavatar Babaji]].<ref name=holy/> The book compares parallel passages from the [[Bible]] and [[Upanishads]] in order to show the unity of all religions.<ref>{{cite book|last=Richardson|first=Cheryl|title=The Unmistakable Touch of Grace|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2005|isbn=978-0-7432-2652-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/unmistakabletouc00rich/page/195 195]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/unmistakabletouc00rich/page/195}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bhatt|first=Chetan|title=Liberation And Purity: Race, New Religious Movements and the Ethics of Postmodernity|publisher=Routledge|year=1997|isbn=978-1-85728-424-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/liberationpurity0000bhat/page/182 182]|url=https://archive.org/details/liberationpurity0000bhat/page/182}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Purpose of the book==<br />
In the introduction, Sri Yukteswar writes:<br />
::The purpose of this book is to show as clearly as possible that there is an essential unity in all religions; that there is no difference in the truths inculcated by the various faiths; that there is but one method by which the world, both external and internal, has evolved; and that there is but one Goal admitted by all scriptures.<ref name=holy>{{cite book|last=Sri Yukteswar|first=Swami|title=The Holy Science|publisher=Yogoda Satsanga Society of India|year=1949}}</ref><br />
<br />
The book compares [[Sanskrit]] slokas to passages from the [[New Testament]], especially the [[Book of Revelation]].<br />
<br />
He states in the introduction: “The book is divided into four sections according to the four stages in the development of knowledge.” The four sections are:<br />
:*'''The Gospel:''' “…seeks to establish the fundamental truth of creation, and to describe the evolution and the involution of the world.”<br />
:*'''The Goal:''' “All creatures, from the highest to the lowest in the link of creation, are found eager to realize three things – Existence, Consciousness, and Bliss.”<br />
:*'''The Procedure:''' “…deals with the method of realizing the three purposes of life.”<br />
:*'''The Revelation:''' “…discusses the revelations which come to those who have traveled far to realize the three ideals of life and are very near their destination.”<ref name=holy/><br />
<br />
==Yuga theory==<br />
[[File:Yugas-Ages-based-on-Sri-Yukteswar.png|300px|Equinox based eight-yuga cycle of time theorized by Sri Yukteswar.|thumb]]<br />
<br />
Sri Yukteswar's introduction to ''The Holy Science'' includes his explanation of the ''[[Yuga Cycle]]'' which differs from the traditional position because of his premise that the Earth is now in the age of ''[[Dvapara Yuga|Dwapara Yuga]]'', not the ''[[Kali Yuga]]'' that most Indian pundits believe to be the current age.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cruttenden|first=Walter|title=Lost Star of Myth and Time|publisher=St. Lynn's Press|year=2005|pages=50–51|isbn=978-0-9767631-1-6}}</ref> His theory is based on the idea that the Sun “takes some star for its dual and revolves round it in about 24,000 years of our earth – a celestial phenomenon which causes the backward movement of the equinoctial points around the zodiac.”<ref name=holy/><br />
The common explanation for this celestial phenomenon is [[precession]], the ‘wobbling’ rotating movement of the Earth axis. Research into Sri Yukteswar's explanation is being conducted by the Binary Research Institute.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cruttenden |first1=Walter W. |title=History and Celestial Time |url=https://binaryresearchinstitute.org/bri/ |website=Binary Research Institute |access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
He further states that:<br />
<blockquote>The sun also has another motion by which it revolves round a grand center called Vishnu-Naabhi which is the seat of the creative power Brahma, the universal magnetism. Brahma regulates Dharma the mental virtues of the internal world. When the sun in its revolution round its dual come to the place nearest to this grand center the seat of Brahma (an event which takes place when the autumnal equinox comes to the first point of Aries) Dharma the mental virtue becomes so much developed that man can easily comprehend all, even the mysteries of Spirit.<ref name=holy/></blockquote><br />
<br />
In ''The Holy Science'', Sri Yukteswar concludes that we are currently in the beginning stages of ''[[Dvapara Yuga|Dwapara Yuga]]'', which began around 1699 A.D., moving closer to the grand center, and will pass into ''[[Treta Yuga]]'' around the year 4099 A.D.<ref name=holy/><br />
<br />
If we represent the ''[[yuga]]s'' in a clock, the lowest spiritual time would be at 6 o'clock, approximate year 550 A.D., which is the center of ''Kali Yuga'' (more or less the Middle Ages); and the highest point is 12 o'clock, in the center of ''[[Satya Yuga]]'' (literally Age of Truth, as ''sat''=truth), or Golden Age. It takes approximately 12,000 years from the lowest to the highest point, and about 24,000 in a complete turn. Now we would be at approximately 7 o'clock, ascending in ''[[Dvapara Yuga|Dwapara Yuga]]'' or Bronze Age, which started in 1699.<br />
<br />
[Note: The graphic to the right displays the Zodiac symbols in its inner circle based on their alignment with the Northern Hemisphere AUTUMNAL Equinox, NOT the Vernal Equinox. This is because the Great Year/''Yuga Cycle'' commences when the Autumnal Equinox is aligned with the First Point of the Constellation Aries, as stated above (ref "The Holy Science" by Sri Yukteswar). Hence, they may appear to be rotated 180 degrees to those who normally use the Northern Hemisphere VERNAL Equinox as their reference point for the Zodiac 'Ages']<br />
<br />
[Note: The graphic to the right has Aries and Capricorn transposed.]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111007211549/http://www.minsobooks.com/read-extracts-from-the-holy-science.html Extracts of ''The Holy Science'']<br />
* [https://archive.org/details/the-holy-science/page/n1/mode/2up ''The Holy Science''] (courtesy of archive[.]org).<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Holy Science}}<br />
[[Category:1894 non-fiction books]]<br />
[[Category:Books about spirituality]]<br />
[[Category:Indian religious texts]]<br />
[[Category:Christian and Hindu interfaith dialogue]]<br />
[[Category:Religious pluralism]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afsana_(1951_film)&diff=484769Afsana (1951 film)2026-03-05T11:06:20Z<p>Roexpertindia: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Afsana<br />
| image = <br />
<br />
| caption = <br />
| director = [[B. R. Chopra]]<br />
| producer = [[B. R. Chopra]]<br />Shadilal Handa<br />
| writer = [[I. S. Johar]]<br />
| screenplay = [[I. S. Johar]]<br />
| story = [[I. S. Johar]]<br />
| narrator = <br />
| starring = [[Ashok Kumar]]<br />[[Veena (actress)|Veena]]<br />[[Pran (actor)|Pran]]<br />[[Kuldip Kaur]]<br />[[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]]<br />
| music = [[Husnlal Bhagatram]]<br />
| cinematography = Rajendra Malone<br />
| editing = Pran Mehra <br />
| studio = Sri Gopal Productions<br />
| distributor = Tribhuvan Productions<br />
| released = {{Film date|1951}}<br />
| runtime = 154 min<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| language = [[Hindi]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Afsana''''' ({{Translation|''The Tale''}}) is a 1951 [[Hindi]]-language [[drama film]]. It was the directorial debut of [[Baldev Raj Chopra|B. R. Chopra]]<ref name=TheHindu>{{cite news|title=Noted filmmaker B R Chopra passes away |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200811051642.htm |work=The Hindu newspaper |date=5 November 2008 |access-date=28 November 2022 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629033642/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200811051642.htm |archivedate=29 June 2011 }}</ref> and starred [[Ashok Kumar]] as twin brothers, starting a trend for such dual roles.<ref>{{cite book |title=Wanted Cultured Ladies Only!: Female Stardom and Cinema in India, 1930s-1950s |last=Majumdar |first=Neepa |page=138 |year=2009 |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] |isbn=978-0-252-07628-2 }}</ref><br />
<br />
It co-starred [[Veena (actress)|Veena]], [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], [[Kuldip Kaur]], [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]], [[Cuckoo Moray|Cuckoo]], and Baby [[Tabassum (actress)|Tabassum]]. The story was written by [[I. S. Johar]] and the music composed by [[Husnlal Bhagatram]]. The film is partly based on Marie Correlli's "Vendetta"<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Literature/Vendetta1886 |title=Vendetta! (1886)}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot summary==<br />
Ratan and Chaman (Ashok Kumar) are twin brothers who love the same girl, Meera. During a fair, all three are separated. While Chaman and Meera are found, Ratan is untraceable. Ratan lose his memory and brought up in an orphanage as Ashok . He works his way up to become a magistrate , is loved and respected by all, and is married to Leela (Kuldip Kaur ) Years later, Chaman is no longer attracted to Meera, but to a dancing girl named Rasily, while Meera awaits word of her childhood sweetheart Ratan, who she feels is still alive. Then the unexpected happens, Chaman gets into a fight with another man, killing him, and is on the run from the police. Misunderstandings are clarified, and the law declares this to be an accidental death, and as a result Chaman returns. But this is not the same Chaman any more. For one thing, he has lost interest in Rasily, and is more interested in Meera.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Ashok Kumar]] as Ratan Kumar alias Judge Ashok Kumar / Diwan Chaman Kumar<ref name=TheHindu/><ref name=muvyz/><br />
* [[Veena (actress)|Veena]] as Meera<ref name=muvyz/><br />
* [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]] as Chatpat<br />
* [[Kuldip Kaur]] as Leela<ref name=muvyz/><br />
* [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] as Mohan<ref name=muvyz/><br />
* [[Cuckoo Moray|Cuckoo]] as Rassily<br />
* [[Tabassum]] as Young Meera (Baby Tabassum)<br />
* [[Chaman Puri]] as Meera's blind dad<br />
* [[Ratan Kumar (actor)|Rattan Kumar]] as Young Ratan / Chaman<br />
* Narbada Shankar as doctor<br />
* [[O. P. Ralhan]]<br />
* [[Jagdeep]] as Child in theatre play<ref name=muvyz/><br />
* Uma Dutt<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
The music was composed by Husnlal Bhagatram and the lyrics were by [[Asad Bhopali]], Chander Oberoi, Saraswati Kumar Deepak and Gafil Harnalvi.<ref name=muvyz>{{cite web|title=Afsana (1951 film)|url=https://muvyz.com/moviepage/ob695144/songs/|publisher=Muvyz.com website|access-date=28 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=156&catName=MTk1MQ==|title=Afsana (film)|website= Box Office India website |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509074501/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=156&catName=MTk1MQ==|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 May 2012|access-date=28 November 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Soundtrack list===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! # !! Song !! Singer<br />
|-<br />
| 1 ||"Duniya Ek Kahaani Re Bhaiya" <ref name=muvyz/>||[[Mohammed Rafi]]<br />
|-<br />
| 3 ||"Chowpati Pe Kal Jo" || Mohammed Rafi, [[Shamshad Begum]]<br />
|-<br />
| 6 ||"Mohabbat Ka Dono Ke Dil Par Asar Hai" <ref name=muvyz/>|| Shamshad Begum<br />
|-<br />
| 4 ||"Kismat Bigdi Duniya Badli" <ref name=muvyz/>|| [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2 ||"Kahan Hai Tu Mere Sapnon Ke Raja" || [[Lata Mangeshkar]] <br />
|-<br />
| 5 ||"Woh Aaye Bahaarein Laaye" <ref name=muvyz/>|| Lata Mangeshkar<br />
|-<br />
| 7 ||"Aaj Kuchh Aisi Chot Lagi Hai" || Lata Mangeshkar<br />
|-<br />
| 8 ||"Khushiyon Ke Din" || Lata Mangeshkar<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|0158457}}<br />
<br />
{{B. R. Chopra}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1951 films]]<br />
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1951 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1951 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by B. R. Chopra]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Husnlal Bhagatram]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1951 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1950s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Testa,_Zanskar&diff=540121Testa, Zanskar2026-03-01T14:06:28Z<p>Roexpertindia: done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Testa<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = Tetha<br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = village<br />
| image_skyline = South Testa Lungnak Zanskar Jun24 A7CR 01199.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Testa village from the south<br />
| pushpin_map = India Ladakh<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|33.1782023|N|77.1666792|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ladakh]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 1.71<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = 3,980<br />
| population_total = 460<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = <br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number]]<br />
| postal_code = 194302<br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| website = https://kargil.nic.in/<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Testa''' (also '''Tetha''') is a small village in the Lungnak valley in [[Zanskar|Zanskar tehsil]], [[Kargil district]], [[Ladakh]], [[India]]. The village is situated on a plateau at the base of a mountain range on the right bank of the Kargiakh River. It is located on a rural road that runs on the right bank opposite the [[Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road#Padum_to_Shingo_La_pass|Padum-Darcha road]]. Testa is {{Convert|61|km|mi|abbr=on}} south from [[Padum]].<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
Testa (elevation {{cvt|3,980|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2024 |title=Node: Testa |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/926749964#map=17/33.18278/77.16202&layers=C |access-date=28 July 2024 |website=[[OpenStreetMap]]}}</ref>) is a small village in the Lungnak valley on the left bank of the Kargiakh Chu (river). It is located at a distance of {{Convert|61|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Padum on the Padum-Darcha road.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=Padum - Testa route |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/directions?engine=fossgis_osrm_car&route=33.17820%2C77.16668%3B33.46914%2C76.87818#map=11/33.3142/77.0021&layers=C |access-date=28 July 2024 |website=[[OpenStreetMap]]}}</ref> The distance from [[Darcha]] in [[Lahaul]] is {{Convert|68|km|mi|abbr=on}}, the road climbing over the {{Convert|5,091|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[Shinko La]] pass. Testa village has an area of {{Convert|170.80|ha|acre}}.<ref name="CensusKargilB" />{{rp|page=80}}<br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
[[File:Prayer Stone Testa Lungnak Zanskar Jun24 A7CR 01169.jpg|thumb|120px|left|Stone inscribed with Buddhist prayers]]<br />
The population as of the 2011 Census was 460 with 71 households. Females comprised 48.5% of the population. The literacy rate was 53%. 97.4% of the inhabitants belonged to [[scheduled tribes]].<ref name="CensusKargilB">{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=District Census Handbook: Kargil, Jammu & Kashmir -- Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA)|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt of India|year=2011|isbn=|series=3 Part XII B|location=}}</ref>{{rp|page=80-81}} The pre-dominant religion is Buddhism.<ref name="CensusKargilA" />{{rp|page=48}}<br />
<br />
== Governance ==<br />
The '''Testa Gram Panchayat''' is a government office and [[Panchayati raj in India|local self-government]] body that governs the villages of Testa and [[Kargyak]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Government Directory: LGD - Panchayat - Kargil - Jul24.xls |url=https://lgdirectory.gov.in |access-date=30 August 2024 |website=[[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]]}}</ref> The two villages together have a population of 889 as per the Census 2011.<ref name="CensusKargilB" />{{rp|page=80}}<br />
<br />
==Amenities==<br />
Testa has pre-primary, primary and middle schools. It has a dispensary, it is served by a mobile phone operator and electricity supply is available.<ref name="CensusKargilA">{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=District Census Handbook: Kargil, Jammu & Kashmir -- Village and Town Directory|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt of India|year=2011|isbn=|series=2 Part XII A|location=}}</ref>{{rp|page=147-149,151}}<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
[[File:North Fields Testa Lungnak Zanskar Jun24 A7CR 01140.jpg|thumb|Fields on the Testa plateau, Kargiakh river on the left]]<br />
The economy is largely agrarian with tourism also providing jobs and income. Annual precipitation is low, fields are irrigated through channels from streams fed by snow-melt.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2024 |title=Kargil - Ladakh: The climate and soil condition of the district |url=https://kargil.nic.in/about-district/ |access-date=24 July 2024 |website=LAHDCK – Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil}}</ref> In 2011, 47% of the cultivated land was irrigated.<ref name="CensusKargilA" />{{rp|page=152}}<br />
<br />
==Transport==<br />
In June 2024, the [[Himachal Road Transport Corporation|Himachal Road Transport Corporation (HRTC)]] announced that it would soon commence a bus service from [[Keylong]] in Lahaul to Padum. This would run on the Nimmu-Padum-Darcha road and would serve Testa.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tribune News Service |date=22 June 2024 |title=Keylong-Padum trial run a success, service on anvil |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/keylong-padum-trial-run-a-success-service-on-anvil-633256# |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=[[The Tribune (India)]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Tourism ==<br />
Testa is a way-point on the popular Darcha-Padum trek. This trek of moderate difficulty takes 9-10 days. It crosses the {{Convert|5,091|m|ft|abbr=on}} Shinko La pass, then alternates on the left and right sides of the Lungnak valley. A day hike in the middle is a visit to [[Phugtal Monastery|Phuktal Gompa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahanta |first=R. |date=2011 |title=The Complete Guide to Darcha Padum Trek |url=https://indiahikes.com/documented-trek/darcha-padum-trek |access-date=28 July 2024 |website=India Hikes}}</ref> With the completion of the Darcha-Padum road, this trek has lost its appeal.{{cn|date=July 2024}}<br />
<br />
== Gallery ==<br />
<gallery mode="packed" heights="100px"><br />
File:Testa Kargiakh Chu Zanskar Oct22 A7C 03635.jpg|Kargiakh river and Testa plateau from the right bank<br />
File:Sign Testa Road Lungnak Zanskar Jun24 A7CR 01201.jpg|Testa sign on the left bank road<br />
File:Willow Birch Trees Testa Lungnak Jun24 A7CR 01177.jpg|Willow and birch trees<br />
File:Women Stripping Willow Testa Jun24 A7CR 01196.jpg|Stripping bark from willow sticks<br />
File:Old House Testa Zanskar Jun24 A7CR 01174.jpg|Traditional house<br />
File:House Construction Testa Zanskar Jun24 A7CR 01179.jpg|Modern house under construction<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Phugtal Monastery]]<br />
* [[List of villages in Kargil district]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Commons category|Testa village}}<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Zanskar tehsil]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=B._K._Goenka&diff=488639B. K. Goenka2026-02-28T02:51:51Z<p>Roexpertindia: made a stub - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian billionaire}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = B. K. Goenka<br />
| image = BKG 4.jpg<br />
| image_size = 200<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| other_names = <br />
| birth_name = Balkrishan Gopiram Goenka<br />
| birth_date = 1966<br />
| birth_place = [[Hisar, Haryana]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Entrepreneur|industrialist}}<br />
| years_active = 1985–present<br />
| title = Chairman of [[Welspun World]]<br />
| spouse = [[Dipali Goenka]]<br />
| children = 2<br />
}}<br />
'''Balkrishan Gopiram Goenka''' (born 1966) is an Indian [[billionaire]] [[businessman]] and the founder and [[chairman]] of [[Welspun World]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jayaraj |first=Prajwal |date=2025-01-24 |title=Davos 2025: Welspun's Balkrishan Goenka Optimistic About Trump 2.0, Expects India To Benefit |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/davos/davos-2025-welspuns-balkrishan-goenka-optimistic-about-trump-20-expects-india-to-benefit |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=NDTV Profit |language=en}}</ref> a multinational conglomerate with operations in home textiles, steel, and infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=We're now primed for the next level of growth: BK Goenka |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/were-now-primed-for-the-next-level-of-growth-bk-goenka-12718187.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523002417/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/were-now-primed-for-the-next-level-of-growth-bk-goenka-12718187.html |archive-date=23 May 2024 |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> He has also served as President of the [[ASSOCHAM|Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India]] (ASSOCHAM).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keshavdev |first=V. |date=2024-10-10 |title=How Welspun's BK Goenka looks to ride the quick commerce wave |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/how-welspuns-bk-goenka-looks-to-ride-the-quick-commerce-wave/118712 |access-date= |website=[[Fortune India]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Balkrishan Goenka was born in 1966 into a [[Marwari people|Marwari]] family involved in the food grain trade.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Datta |first=Aveek |date=2019-08-05 |title=The ambitious aren't limited by resources: B.K. Goenka |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/events/the-ambitious-arent-limited-by-resources-bk-goenka/103542 |access-date= |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Dibeyendu |date=2013-03-08 |title=Can Balkrishan Goenka's decision to choose family over professionals work at Welspun? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/can-balkrishan-goenkas-decision-to-choose-family-over-professionals-work-at-welspun/articleshow/18849197.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-18 |title=BK Goenka and his net worth: Buys Rs 240 crore penthouse in India's costliest apartment deal; See inside pics |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-bk-goenka-and-his-net-worth-buys-rs-240-crore-penthouse-in-indias-costliest-apartment-deal-see-inside-pics-2985228/ |access-date= |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
He grew up in [[Hisar (city)|Hisar, Haryana]], and later moved to [[Delhi]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Datta |first=Aveek |date=7 December 2015 |title=Welspun's BK Goenka: Spinning Solutions |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/india-rich-list-2015/welspuns-bk-goenka-spinning-solutions/41365/1 |access-date= |website=[[Forbes India]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
After completing his schooling, Goenka joined his father's [[dal]] mill business at the age of 16 and later traveled to [[London]] to gain insights into trading.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lunch with BS - Bal Krishan Goenka |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/lunch-with-bs-bal-krishan-goenka-105101101014_1.html |website=www.business-standard.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
In 1985, Goenka relocated to [[Mumbai]], where he co-established a textile plant alongside his maternal uncle.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2012-02-25 |title=I had no background in any of the businesses I got into |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/i-had-no-background-in-any-of-the-businesses-i-got-into/articleshow/12027474.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> That same year, he founded Welspun, which initially focused on manufacturing [[polyester]] yarn.<ref name=":1" /> The company's first unit, Welspun Winilon Silk Mills, was set up in [[Palghar]], [[Maharashtra]], followed by a second facility in [[Vapi]], [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Mehra |first=Paranjoy Guha Thakurta and Pranati |title=Of Welspun, Cyprus and the FEMA conundrum |url=https://www.rediff.com/money/special/special-of-welspun-cyprus-and-the-fema-conundrum/20150309.htm |access-date= |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the early 1990s, Welspun expanded into home textiles, with a focus on exports. It became a publicly listed company in 1991 and was later renamed Welspun India Limited (now [[Welspun Living|Welspun Living Limited]]). Under Goenka’s leadership, the company began supplying to major global retailers, including [[Walmart]] and [[Macy's|Macy]]'s.<ref name=":1" /> Welspun also diversified into the production of steel pipes for the oil and gas industry, establishing a large-scale manufacturing plant in [[Gujarat]].<ref name=":5" /> The business gained traction after securing an order from Enron's Dabhol Power Company.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
Between 2006 and 2008, under his leadership, Welspun pursued a phase of international expansion, acquiring textile manufacturing units in the UK, Mexico, Portugal, and Argentina. However, high production costs and operational challenges led to the eventual closure of its facilities in Mexico and Argentina, and the sale of its Portugal business.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanjai |first=P.R. |date=24 April 2015 |title=Welspun Group works its way back to basics |url=https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/7ACcvew3pIldWq1vzOltkO/Welspun-Group-works-its-way-back-to-basics.html |website=LiveMint}}</ref> In the following years, the group underwent restructuring to exit non-core businesses and focus on its primary operations.<ref name=":1" /> As part of this restructuring, Welspun sold two power plants for approximately ₹400 crore and divested Welspun Maxsteel to [[JSW Steel]] for ₹1,000 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETBrandEquity.com |title=Welspun's chief B K Goenka to give up operational role - ET BrandEquity |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/the-people-report/welspuns-chief-bk-goenka-to-give-up-operational-role/49513190 |access-date= |website=ETBrandEquity.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijayaraghavan |first=Kala |title=Welspun's chief B K Goenka to give up operational role - ET BrandEquity |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/the-people-report/welspuns-chief-bk-goenka-to-give-up-operational-role/49513190#:~:text=Welspun%20recently%20sold%20two%20ready,Steel%20for%20Rs%201,000%20crore. |access-date= |website=ETBrandEquity.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Goenka acquired [[Christy (towel manufacturer)|Christy]], a UK-based towel manufacturer known for supplying products to sporting events such as [[Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]],<ref name=":2" /> and Sorema, a bath-rug manufacturer based in Portugal. He also oversaw the launch of a greenfield project in Mexico and initiated a joint venture with Italy's Zucchi to manufacture bathrobes.<ref>{{Cite news |last=John |first=Satish |date=2015-09-09 |title=Indian textile's rare survivor Welspun India's shares trebled in last one year |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/indian-textiles-rare-survivor-welspun-indias-shares-trebled-in-last-one-year/articleshow/47807137.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2018, Goenka was elected President of The [[ASSOCHAM|Associated Chambers of Commerce & Industry of India]] (ASSOCHAM), succeeding [[Sandeep Jajodia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Urs |first=Anil |date=2019-02-27 |title=Relaxation in defence procurement norms give hope to start-ups, MSEs: B K Goenka |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/relaxation-in-defence-procurement-norms-give-hope-to-start-ups-mses-b-k-goenka/article26390154.ece |access-date= |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Goenka married [[Dipali Goenka]] in 1987, She serves as the CEO and Managing Director of [[Welspun Living]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Reddy |first=Sujata |date=2016-08-10 |title=Big birthday bash on the cards for Welspun Group Chairman Balkrishan Goenka |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/big-birthday-bash-on-the-cards-for-welspun-group-chairman-balkrishan-goenka/articleshow/53631933.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fabric-ation? Welspun Crisis Takes Toll On Goenkas |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/india-rich-list-2016/fabrication-welspun-crisis-takes-toll-on-goenkas/44931/1 |access-date= |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The couple has two daughters, Radhika and Vanshika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Shrabona |date=2024-08-29 |title=Vanshika Goenka Misra: The Dream Weaver |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/leadership/vanshika-goenka-the-dream-weaver/479127 |access-date= |website=Entrepreneur |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mandavia |first1=Megha |last2=Kalesh |first2=Baiju |date=2015-12-16 |title=Succession Planning: Welspun Group to hive off yarn-spinning business for next generation |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/garments-/-textiles/succession-planning-welspun-group-to-hive-off-yarn-spinning-business-for-next-generation/articleshow/50181464.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2017 |title=Radhika Goenka: "Despite being born into money, I know how to fend for myself" - Elle India |url=https://elle.in/article/radhika-goenka-lingerie-shop/ |access-date= |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Wealth ==<br />
In 2015, Goenka was ranked 83rd on [[Forbes India's richest Indian by year|''Forbes'' India's Rich List]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Welspun India: Out Of The Woods |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/8th-anniversary-special/welspun-india-out-of-the-woods/46931/1 |access-date= |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Media presence ==<br />
Goenka was featured in a [[documentary film]] about Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: In conversation with B K Goenka, Welspun Group Chairman |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/video-gallery-exclusive-in-conversation-with-b-k-goenka-welspun-group-chairman-81151 |access-date= |website=Zee Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-11 |title=Expanding Textile Capacity By 25% At Kutch Says Welspun Group Chairman, B.K Goenka |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/bt-tv/video/expanding-textile-capacity-by-25-at-kutch-says-welspun-group-chairman-bk-goenka-412817-2024-01-11 |access-date= |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* {{cite web |title=Balkrishan Goenka |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/balkrishan-goenka/ |website=Forbes |language=en}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goenka, B. K.}}<br />
[[Category:1966 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Marwari people]]<br />
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Indian billionaires]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sampoornesh_Babu&diff=532366Sampoornesh Babu2026-02-24T01:42:04Z<p>Roexpertindia: stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian film actor}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sampoornesh Babu<br />
| relatives = <br />
| image = Sampoorneshbabu23.jpg<br />
| spouse = Uma Rani<br />
| birth_name = Narasimha Chary<br />
| birth_place = [[Siddipet]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] (now [[Telangana]]), India<!-- must be attributed to reliable sources --><br />
| citizenship = <!-- Per [[WP:INFOBOXNTLY]]: nationality/citizenship "should be avoided when the country to which the subject belongs can be inferred from the country of birth." --><br />
| othername = Sampo<br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
| years_active = 2009–present<br />
| known for = ''[[Hrudaya Kaleyam]]''<br> ''[[Kobbari Matta]]''<br />
| awards = [[CineMAA Awards|CineMAA Award for Best Actor in Comic Role]] (2015)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Narasimha Chary''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sampoornesh Babu: Movies, Photos, Videos, News, Biography & Birthday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Sampoornesh-Babu |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> popularly known by his screen name '''Sampoornesh Babu''', is an Indian actor known for his works in the [[Parody|spoof]] comedy genre in [[Telugu cinema]]. He made his acting debut as the lead role in the 2014 film, ''[[Hrudaya Kaleyam]]'',<ref>[http://www.tollywooddaily.com/journey-from-zero-to-hero-exclusive-interview-of-sampoornesh-babu/ "Sampoo Interview"].Retrieved 22 January 2015.</ref> for which he won the CineMAA Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role.<ref name="telugupeople1">{{cite web|url=http://www.telugupeople.com/news/article_00098529_CineMAA_awards_2015_winners_announced.asp|title=CineMAA awards 2015 Winners|publisher=Telugupeople.com|accessdate=25 July 2015}}</ref> He was a contestant in ''[[Bigg Boss Telugu]].''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-01 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu: Sampoornesh Babu walks out of the house, later apologises |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-telugu-sampoornesh-babu-walks-out-of-the-house-later-apologises/story-8qzcrHAVkJGW4ZooefTvOJ.html |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Acting career ==<br />
He appeared in cameo roles in many movies, including ''[[Current Theega]]'' (2014) as Sunny Leone's fiancé, and Allari Naresh's ''[[Bandipotu (2015 film)|Bandipotu]]'' (2015). His next full time stint was in the film ''[[Singham 123]]'' (2015), a parody of several films.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Not again!|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/singham-123-not-again/article7291779.ece|work=The Hindu|date=7 June 2015|last1=Chowdhary|first1=Y. Sunita}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2019, he played three roles in ''[[Kobbari Matta]]'' (2019). Later that year, he shot for ''Takkari Donga Chalaki Chukka'' but the film remains unreleased''.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sampoornesh Babu's upcoming film titled 'Takkari Donga Chakkani Chukka'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sampoornesh-babus-upcoming-film-titled-takkari-donga-chakkani-chukka/articleshow/64853984.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> In 2020, he announced his film ''?'' which he promoted as the last film to be shot in [[Wuhan]] before the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=వూహాన్ గబ్బిలాల మార్కెట్లో చిత్రీకరించిన చివరి సినిమా.. జూలై 30న రిలీజ్!|url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/entertainment/sampoornesh-babu-new-movie-look-revealed-qa1und|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===Film===<br />
{{Pending films key}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2009 || ''[[Mahatma (film)|Mahatma]]'' || Protester ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2014 || ''[[Hrudaya Kaleyam]]'' || Sampoornesh "Sampoo" Babu || Debut as lead actor<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Current theega]]'' || Sunny's fiancé || Cameo appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |2015 || ''[[Pesarattu (2015 film)|Pesarattu]]'' || || Cameo appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bandipotu (2015 film)|Bandipotu]]'' || Tellabbai || <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Singham 123]]'' || Singham 123 ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Jyothi Lakshmi (film)|Jyothi Lakshmi]]'' || || Cameo appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Where Is Vidya Balan]]'' || Ganta ||<br />
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/where-is-vidya-balan-nothing-to-do-with-vidya/article7357973.ece|title=Where is Vidya Balan: Nothing to do with Vidya|newspaper=The Hindu|date=26 June 2015|last1=Chowdhary|first1=Y. Sunita}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2016 || ''[[Lacchimdeviki O Lekkundi]]'' || ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Bhadram Be Careful Brotheru'' || Aspiring actor ||<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[Raja the Great]]'' || Peter || Cameo appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || ''[[Devadas (2018 film)|Devadas]]'' || Actor || Cameo appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2019 <br />
| ''[[Kobbari Matta]]'' || Paparayudu, Pedarayudu, Androyudu ||Triple role<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kathanam]]'' ||Himself ||Cameo appearance <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2021<br />
|''Bazaar Rowdy''<br />
|Kali<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-20|title=Bazaar Rowdy Movie Review: A Sampoornesh Babu film that forgets it was supposed to be a parody|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/bazaar-rowdy-movie-review-sampoornesh-babu-film-forgets-it-was-supposed-be-parody-865622|website=PINKVILLA}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Cauliflower (film)|Cauliflower]]''<br />
|Andy Flower and Cauliflower<br />
|Dual role<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Review : Cauliflower – Silly to the core |url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/cauliflower-telugu-movie-review.html |website=123Telugu |date=26 November 2021 |access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|[[Chor Bazaar (film)|''Chor Bazaar'']]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2023 <br />
|''[[Martin Luther King (film)|Martin Luther King]]''<br />
| Martin Luther King (Smile)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2026<br />
|''[[The Paradise (film)|The Paradise]]''<br />
| Biryani<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Venkatesh Maha's new film titled Martin Luther King|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/venkatesh-mahas-new-film-titled-martin-luther-king.html|website=123telugu.com | date=19 September 2023| access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Show<br />
! Role<br />
! Channel<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''[[Bigg Boss Telugu (season 1)|Bigg Boss Telugu]]'' (season 1)<br />
| Contestant<br />
| [[Star Maa]]<br />
| Walked on Day 9<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|[[Kalyani (TV series)|''Kalyani'']]<br />
|Guest<br />
|[[Gemini TV|GeminiTV]]<br />
|TV serial guest appearance<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|7151781}}<br />
* [https://www.hmtvlive.com/telangana/rtc-bus-hit-hero-sampoornesh-babu-car-34520 సినీ నటుడు సంపూర్ణేష్ బాబు కారును ఢీకొన్న ఆర్టీసీ బస్సు.. భార్య పిల్లలకు గాయాలు]<br />
{{Subject bar<br />
|commons = yes<br />
|commons-search = <br />
|d = yes<br />
|d-search = <br />
|portal1 = Biography<br />
|portal2 = <br />
}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Babu, Sampoornesh}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu comedians]]<br />
[[Category:People from Medak district]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_airports_in_Punjab,_India&diff=477644List of airports in Punjab, India2026-02-13T08:42:52Z<p>Roexpertindia: Starting a bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|None}}<br />
[[Punjab, India|Punjab]], a state of India, has airports which have access to international flights, domestic and some disused airstrips for emergency purposes. The airports are operated and owned by either the [[Airports Authority of India]] and Government of Punjab or private companies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport (Amritsar Airport) - IndiaAirport.com |url=https://indiaairport.com/airports/amritsar/index.htm |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=indiaairport.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
There are three international airports, nine domestic airports, four private airports and one military base in Punjab.There are three disused airports, one of them serving as a flying school. Gujarat State Aviation Infrastructure Company Limited (GUJSAIL) has been established by the Government of Gujarat to foster the development of aviation infrastructure in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]].<br />
<br />
== List of Airports ==<br />
* [[Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amritsar Airport (ATQ) |url=https://www.amritsarairport.com/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=www.amritsarairport.com}}</ref>(ATQ)<br />
* [[Adampur Airport]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Adampur airport renovation near complete, approach road not ready |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/adampur-airport-renovation-near-complete-approach-road-not-ready-454390 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> (AIP) <br />
* [[Ludhiana Airport]] (LUH)<br />
* [[Pathankot Airport]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Reach {{!}} District Pathankot, Government of Punjab {{!}} India |url=https://pathankot.nic.in/how-to-reach/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> (IXP)<br />
* [[Patiala Airport]] <br />
* [[Chandigarh Airport]] (IXC)<br />
* [[Bathinda Airport|Bathinda Airport]] (BUP)<br />
* [[Halwara Airport]] (HWR)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Airports in India}}<br />
{{Transport in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Airports in Punjab, India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of airports in India|Punjab]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=S._E._Krupa_Rao&diff=450622S. E. Krupa Rao2026-02-10T03:11:21Z<p>Roexpertindia: Expanded content with additional details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox clergy<br />
| child = <br />
| honorific_prefix = [[The Reverend]]<br />
| name = S. E. Krupa Rao, [[CBCNC]]<br />
| honorific_suffix = ''Ayyagaru''<br />
| image = <!--or: image_name --><br />
| image_size = <!--or: imagesize --><br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <!--or: image_caption --><br />
| pronunciation = <br />
| birth_name = Sreemanthula Eleazar Krupa Rao<br />
| birth_date ={{Birth date|df=yes|1939|06|15}}<ref name="Souvenir">C. L. Johnson (Edited), ''[[Canadian Baptist Ministries|Canadian Baptist Mission]] 125 year's Jubilee Celebrations of Baptist Churches in Northern Circars'', [[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]], [[Kakinada]], 1999, p.45-47.[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/433990749]</ref><ref name="ABC"/><br />
| birth_place = [[Kakinada]], [[East Godavari District]] ([[Andhra Pradesh]])<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1993|08|08|1939|06|15}}<ref name="Souvenir"/><br />
| death_place = [[Kakinada]], East Godavari District (Andhra Pradesh)<br />
| death_cause = <br />
| residence = <br />
| other_names = <br />
| citizenship = <br />
| education = <br />
*P.D. ([[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Serampore]]),<ref name="SER"/> <br />
*[[L.Th.]] (Serampore),<ref name="Souvenir"/> <br />
*[[Bachelor of Divinity|B.D.]] (Serampore),<ref name="Souvenir"/> <br />
*[[S.T.M.]] ([[Union Theological Seminary (New York City)|Union]])<br />
*[[Master of Arts|M.A.]] ([[Osmania University|Osmania]])<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
*[[Serampore College]],<ref name="SER"/> [[Serampore]] ([[West Bengal]]),<br />
*[[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]], [[Kakinada]] ([[Andhra Pradesh]]),<br />
*[[Ramayapatnam]] Baptist Theological College, [[Rajahmundry]] (Andhra Pradesh),<br />
*[[Union Theological Seminary (New York City)]] ([[United States]])<ref name="Souvenir"/><br />
*[[Osmania University]], [[Hyderabad]] ([[Telangana]])<br />
| occupation = Seminary Teacher<br />
| home_town = <br />
| years_active = 1963-1993 (30 years)<br />
| parents = [[Smt.]] Kempuratnam and [[Sri]] Sreemanthula Issac<ref name="Souvenir"/><br />
| known_for = Leadership abilities<br />
| religion = [[Christianity]]<br />
| church = [[Protestant]] [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]] Society<br />
| ordained = 1977, [[Gudivada]]<ref name="Isaiah">G. Isaiah (Edited), ''[[CBCNC]] Pastor's Conference Golden Jubilee Souvenir 1952-2002'', [[Visakhapatnam]], 2002, p.25. Rev. G. Isaiah is Pastor of the [[Quirk Memorial Baptist Church]], [[Visakhapatnam]] and a member of the YMCA, Visakhapatnam.[http://www.ymcavizag.org/downloads/YmcaNews2.pdf]. Isaiah formerly served at the Calvary Baptist Church, [[Visakhapatnam]]. [http://www.cbchurchvizag.com/our%20message.aspx]</ref><br />
| laicized = <br />
| writings = <br />
| congregations = [[Nellimarla]] and [[Kakinada]] ([[Andhra Pradesh]])<br />
| offices_held = <br />
*[[Pastor]], Andhra Baptist Church, [[Nellimarla]] {{small|(1963-1968)}},<br />
*Pastor, Andhra Baptist Church, [[Kakinada]] {{small|(1973-1976)}},<br />
*Principal, [[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]], [[Kakinada]] {{small|(1977-1993)}},<br />
*[[Principal (education)|Principal]], [[Eva Rose York Bible Training and Technical School for Women]], [[Tuni]] {{small|(1989-1993)}},<ref name="Souvenir"/><br />
*Chairperson, Board of Governors, [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], [[Secunderabad]] {{small|(1990-1992)}},<br />
*Member, [[Council of Christian Hospitals]], [[Pithapuram]],<br />
*Central Council Member, [[Bible Society of India]], [[Bangalore]]<br />
| title = [[The Reverend]]<br />
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --><br />
| signature = <br />
| signature_alt = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| module = <br />
}}<br />
'''S. E. Krupa Rao''' (born 8 August 1939;<ref name="ABC"/> died 15 June 1993)<ref name="Souvenir"/> was a [[Baptist]] [[Pastor]] of the [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]] where he held leadership positions in the [[India]]n Church society whose area of operation extended from [[Srikakulam District]] in the northern circars along the [[Bay of Bengal]] right through seven districts up to [[Guntur district]].<br />
<br />
As an Administrator Krupa Rao contributed to the ministerial, technical and medical ministries of the [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]], as Principal<ref name="Kenneth">Kenneth Knight, Shirley Knight, ''The Seed Holds the Tree: A Story of India and the Kingdom of God'', 2008, p.329. [https://books.google.com/books?id=W5MtAgAAQBAJ&q=serango&pg=PA152]</ref> of the [[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]], [[Kakinada]] and the [[Eva Rose York Bible Training and Technical School for Women]], [[Tuni]] as well as to the [[Council of Christian Hospitals]], [[Pithapuram]]. Krupa Rao headed the Major Seminary in [[Kakinada]] from 1977 through 1993, the longest ever in the history of the [[seminary]] till that point of time.<ref name="Souvenir"/> In 1989,<ref>G. Beulah Pearl Sunanda, ''The missionary enterprise of the Canadian Baptist Church in Andhra Pradesh: An appraisal'', [[Acharya Nagarjuna University]], Nagarjunanagar, 2012, p.202. [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/124140/13/13_chapter%205.pdf].</ref> he also became Principal of the [[Eva Rose York Bible Training and Technical School for Women]], [[Tuni]] succeeding [[Mildred H. Law]].<ref name="Souvenir"/><br />
<br />
==Studies==<br />
Krupa Rao underwent scholastic studies between 1945-1955 at the [[Canadian Baptist Ministries|CBM]]-High School and the [[Zilla Parishad High School]] in [[Samalkota]] and moved to [[Kakinada]] for collegiate studies between 1955-1957 to the [[Pithapuram]] Raja College.<ref name="Souvenir"/><br />
<br />
Rao was an active [[Sunday School]] Teacher in one of the Churches of the [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]]. As a resident<ref name="ABC">Akumarthi Samuel, ''Pastors who served in the Andhra Baptist Church, Jagannaickpur'' in A. Daniel, K. Venkata Ratnam (Edited), ''100 Years Souvenir of Andhra Baptist Church (1906-2006)'', Andhra Baptist Church, Kakinada, 2006.</ref> of [[Kakinada]], Krupa Rao came under the influence of then Principal of the [[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]], [[A. B. Masilamani]] who was acting as a Vocation Promoter leading youth towards Priesthood. Masilamani became Krupa Rao's Spiritual Confessor and was able to guide Krupa Rao towards Priesthood making him take up a propadeutic course during 1959<ref name="SER">''Jubilee Year Reports: Principal's Report for the year 1959-1960 and Report by the President of the Senate for the year 1960'', Appendix B, Theology Department: List of students, 1959-1960, Pre Divinity, Serampore, 1960, p.15</ref>-1961<ref name="Directory">[[S. J. Samartha]], [[M. P. John]] (Compiled), ''Directory of students 1910-1967'', [[Serampore College]] (Theology Department), [[Serampore]], 1967, p.21.</ref> at the [[Serampore College]], [[Serampore]] {''a constituent College of the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]]''} during the Principalship of William Stewart where Rao discerned his avocation towards priesthood and returned to [[Kakinada]] and joined<ref name="ABC"/> the [[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]], [[Kakinada]] during the Principalship of [[Waldo Penner]] to pursue licentiate studies in theology leading to [[L.Th.]] By this time, in 1964, the Seminary in Kakinada, together with the Andhra Union Theological College, [[Dornakal]] and the Lutheran Theological College in [[Rajahmundry]] jointly formed the near-[[ecumenical]] [[Andhra Christian Theological College]] and Krupa Rao's studies were transferred from the seminary to this College under the Principalship of [[W. D. Coleman]] and by 1965<ref>''Reports 1964-1965: Report by the President of the Senate for the year 1965'', (List of candidates who are qualified to receive the Degree and Diplomas in 1965 Examination: L. Th. Diploma) [[Serampore College]], [[Serampore]], 1965, p.15.</ref> and was awarded an [[L.Th.]] in the ensuing convocation of the University during the Registrarship of [[C. Devasahayam]].<br />
<br />
===Graduate and postgraduate===<br />
In 1968,<ref name="Souvenir"/> Krupa Rao joined the [[Ramayapatnam]] Baptist Theological Seminary (affiliated to the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]]) whose [[Bachelor of Divinity|B.D.]] section was housed within the premises of the [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], [[Rajahmundry]] to upgrade his academics to [[Bachelor of Divinity]] studying under [[Gaddala Solomon|G. Solomon]], [[Louis F. Knoll]], K. Wilson, [[W. D. Coleman]], [[G. Devasahayam]], [[W. P. Peery]], [[Eric J. Lott]], [[B. E. Devaraj]], [[Ryder Devapriam]], [[Suppogu Joseph]], [[M. Victor Paul]] and other distinguished faculty. After nearly a decade, Krupa Rao was sent to the [[Union Theological Seminary (New York City)|Union Theological Seminary]], [[New York City]] ''(affiliated<ref>Union Theological Seminary - programmes affiliated to the University of Columbia. [https://utsnyc.edu/academics/degree-programs/]</ref> to the [[University of Columbia]])'' where he studied for a master's course in theology during 1979-1980 leading to [[S.T.M.]]<ref name="Souvenir"/><br />
<br />
==Ecclesiastical ministry==<br />
<br />
===Pastoral===<br />
After completing a licentiate course in theology in 1965, Krupa Rao began pastoring [[Nellimarla]] parish from 1965 to 1968.<ref name="Souvenir"/> Again from 1973 through 1976, he pastored the Andhra Baptist Church - Jagannaickpur<ref name="ABC"/> parish in [[Kakinada]].<br />
<br />
===Spiritual Formator===<br />
In 1976,<ref name="Souvenir"/> Krupa Rao became a Spiritual Formator at the [[Protestant]] [[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]], [[Kakinada]] where aspirants enroll to discern their avocation towards priesthood. Rao, together with his other companions, [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] G. Novahu Raju and [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] C. L. Johnson used to spiritually guide and mentor the aspirants. Later, Rao also led the seminary as Principal<ref name="Kenneth"/> succeeding [[Gordon Dewolfe Barss]]. During Rao's tenure, he also took up the role of a Vocation Promoter guiding youth towards Priesthood enabling them not only to take up propadeutic courses and being their Spiritual Confessor but also enabling the aspirants to turn their ministerial calling into a perpetual profession and continue their spiritual studies at the [[Protestant]] Regional Theologiate in [[Hyderabad]] in which the [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]] is a participating member.<br />
<br />
===Medical===<br />
As a member<ref name="Souvenir"/><ref name="Isaiah"/> of the [[Council of Christian Hospitals]], Krupa Rao took part in the management of the medical institutions founded by [[Canadian Baptist Ministries]], namely,<br />
* [[Andhra Pradesh]] based,<br />
** [[Christian Medical Centre]], [[Pithapuram]], [[East Godavari District]], <br />
** [[Bethel Hospital]], [[Vuyyuru]], [[Krishna District]],<br />
** [[Star of Hope Hospital]], [[Akiveedu]], [[West Godavari District]],<br />
* [[Odisha]] based,<br />
** [[Serango Christian Hospital]], [[Serango]], [[Gajapati District]], [[Odisha]],<br />
<br />
Krupa Rao used to represent the [[Council of Christian Hospitals]] in the Association and Council of the [[Christian Medical College & Hospital]], [[Vellore]].<ref name="Souvenir"/><ref name="Isaiah"/> Krupa Rao was also a member<ref name="Isaiah"/> of the [[Christian Medical Association of India]].<br />
<br />
===Ministerial===<br />
====Andhra Christian Theological College====<br />
Krupa Rao, as a member of the Seminary Council of the [[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]], [[Kakinada]], represented the [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]] Society on the Board of Governors of the near-[[ecumenical]] [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], a [[Protestant]] Regional Theologiate situated in [[Secunderabad]] which had a four-member representation on the faculty from the [[CBCNC]] during that period, namely, K. David,<ref>''[[Indian Journal of Theology]]'', Volume 18, 2-3, 1969, p.196.[https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/ijt/18-2-3_191.pdf]</ref> G. Babu Rao,<ref name="Wilson">[[H. S. Wilson]] (Edited), ''The Church on the Move: Essays in honour of [[Victor Premasagar]]'', Christian Literature Society, [[Madras]], 1988, p.vi. [https://books.google.com/books?id=S-wrAAAAMAAJ&q=babu+rao]</ref> K. D. G. Prakasa Rao and D. J. Jeremiah.<ref>[[Roger E. Hedlund]], ''Quest for Identity: India's Churches of Indigenous Origin: the "Little Tradition" in Indian Christianity'', ISPCK/MIIS, New Delhi/Madras, 2000, p.102. [https://books.google.com/books?id=W3sGM-wp1msC&dq=d.j.jeremiah+andhra+christian+theological+college&pg=PA102]</ref> In the course of time, Krupa Rao became the Chairperson<ref name="Souvenir"/> of the Board during 1990-1992 where he held a name for himself and was able to steer clear of controversies much like his Spiritual Confessor, [[A. B. Masilamani]].<br />
<br />
In 1990 during the rotation of Principalship from [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]] Society to the [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church]] Society, Krupa Rao played a notable role. It was the [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]] Society which held the Principalship from 1986 through 1990 on a 4-year rotation basis and was then supposed to pass it on to the [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church]] Society but lack of ''[[quorum]]'' at the Board of Governors meeting of the [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], [[Hyderabad]] made the decision to prolong. As the day progressed, Krupa Rao, as Chairperson of the Board of Governors together with Governor [[Ryder Devapriam]] ensured that efforts were made to maintain a proper ''[[quorum]]'' resulting in holding of the Board of Governors meeting which then resolved to pass on the 4-year cycle of Principalship to the [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church]] Society. [[Suppogu Joseph]] was the outgoing Principal while [[M. Victor Paul]] was the Principal-designate during 1990. Incidentally, both [[Suppogu Joseph]] and [[M. Victor Paul]] happened to tutor Krupa Rao during his upgrading studies at [[Andhra Christian Theological College]] at its erstwhile campus at [[Rajahmundry]].<br />
<br />
====Bible Society of India====<br />
As a Branch Secretary of the [[Bible Society of India Andhra Pradesh Auxiliary]], Krupa Rao was instrumental in taking forward the Bible cause. In 1977, Krupa Rao became a member of the [[Bible Society of India Andhra Pradesh Auxiliary]] Committee and later became a member of the Executive Committee<ref name="Souvenir"/> of the [[Bible Society of India]] Central Office in [[Bangalore]]. During Krupa Rao's stint at the Bible Society, he worked closely with his companion [[Lella Prakasam]], then Auxiliary Secretary stationed at the Bible House, [[Secunderabad]] who also happened to hail from the [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]].<br />
<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{S-edu}}<br />
{{Succession box| before=[[Mildred H. Law]], [[Canadian Baptist Ministries|CBM]]<br/>1987-1989| title=Principal,<br/>[[Eva Rose York Bible Training and Technical School for Women]],<br />[[Tuni]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]|after=[[Lalitha Kumari (pastor)|M. S. G. Lalitha Kumari]], [[CBCNC]]<br />1993-2011| years=1989-1993}}<br />
{{S-aca}}<br />
{{Succession box| before=[[Gordon Dewolfe Barss|Gordon D. Barss]], [[Canadian Baptist Ministries|CBM]]<br/>1975-1977| title=Principal,<ref name="Kenneth"/><br/>[[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]],<br />[[Kakinada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]|after=C. L. Johnson, [[CBCNC]]<br />1993-2014| years=1976-1993}}<br />
{{S-hon}}<br />
{{Succession box| before=S. Benjamin, [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches|STBC]]<br/>1988-1990| title=Chairperson, Board of Governors,<br/>[[Andhra Christian Theological College]],<br />[[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana]]|after=T. Anantham, [[South Andhra Lutheran Church|SALC]]<br />1992-1993| years=1990-1992}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
;Notes<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
;Further reading<br />
* {{cite journal<br />
| author=G. Beulah Pearl Sunanda<br />
| title=The missionary enterprise of the Canadian Baptist church in Andhra Pradesh: An appraisal<br />
| year=2012<br />
| volume=<br />
| issue=<br />
| publisher=<br />
| hdl=10603/124140<br />
| isbn=<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite journal<br />
| author=C. L. Johnson (Edited)<br />
| title=Canadian Baptist Mission 125 year's Jubilee Celebrations of Baptist Churches in Northern Circars<br />
| year=1999<br />
| volume=<br />
| issue=<br />
| publisher=[[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]], [[Kakinada]]<br />
| isbn=<br />
| oclc=433990749<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| author=Kenneth and Shirley Knight<br />
| title=The Seed Holds the Tree: A Story of India and the Kingdom of God<br />
| year=2009<br />
| volume=<br />
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=W5MtAgAAQBAJ&dq=jessie+rosser+canadian+baptist+india&pg=PR2<br />
| publisher=Lulu.com<br />
| isbn=978-0-9864766-0-0<br />
}}<br />
* {{cite journal<br />
| author=[[S. J. Samartha]], [[M. P. John]] (Compiled)<br />
| title=Directory of students 1910-1967, Serampore College (Theology Department)<br />
| year=1967<br />
| volume=<br />
| issue=<br />
| url =<br />
| publisher=[[Serampore College]], [[Serampore]]<br />
| isbn=<br />
}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Krupa Rao, S. E.}}<br />
[[Category:1993 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kakinada]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Baptist missionaries]]<br />
[[Category:1939 births]]<br />
[[Category:Union Theological Seminary alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Senate of Serampore College (University) alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Academic staff of the Senate of Serampore College (University)]]<br />
[[Category:Osmania University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]]<br />
[[Category:Baptist missionaries in India]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian Baptist Ministries]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Baptists]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahmoud_Mohamed_Ahmed_Bahaziq&diff=445505Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq2026-02-08T12:04:24Z<p>Roexpertindia: small fix</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian-Saudi jihadist}}<br />
{{notability|1=Biographies|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq<br />
| image =<br />
| alt =<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name =<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1943|08|17}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[India]]<br />
| death_date =<br />
| death_place = <br />
| other_names = Abu 'Abd al-'Aziz<br />
| occupation = <br />
| years_active = <br />
| known_for = {{Unbulleted list|[[Bosnian mujahideen]]|[[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]}}<br />
| notable_works = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq''' (born 17 August 1943,<ref name=unlist/> [[Hyderabad]]) is an [[India]]n-[[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] [[jihad]]ist. He became known by his ''nom de guerre'' '''Abu 'Abd al-'Aziz''' after leading one of [[Bosnia]]'s early [[Bosnian mujahideen|mujahideen]] groups. Bahaziq is subject to [[United Nations Security Council]] sanctions for funding [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] (LeT) since the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]].<ref name=un2008/><ref name=unlist/><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Bahaziq was born to a [[Hadhrami people|Hadhrami]] couple in [[Hyderabad]], in the [[Indian subcontinent]].{{sfn|Li|2019|p=36}} When he was ten, the family moved to [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]], where they received Saudi citizenship.{{sfn|Li|2019|p=39}} Bahaziq graduated from high school in [[Syria]] in 1967.{{sfn|Li|2019|p=39}} He later was employed by [[Saudia Airlines]]. He married his wife Azza in 1973.{{sfn|Li|2019|pp=39-40}}<br />
<br />
== Joining the global jihad ==<br />
<br />
In the 1980s, Bahaziq became interested in the [[Afghan jihad]]. He travelled to a training camp in [[Pakistan]] run by [[Osama bin Laden]]. He fought in [[Afghanistan]] in 1988 and came back to Pakistan, where he met members of [[Ahl-i Hadith]] movement. At that time, he became involved with the [[Islamist]] terrorist organization [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] (LeT).{{sfn|Li|2019|pp=40-41}}<br />
<br />
== Bosnian mujahideen ==<br />
{{Main|Bosnian mujahideen}}<br />
<br />
During the [[breakup of Yugoslavia]], the [[Bosnia War]] erupted in April 1992. The same month, the [[Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)|Afghan War]] ended, and some mujahideen leaders decided to continue the jihad in Bosnia.{{sfn|Li|2019|p=41}}<br />
<br />
Bahaziq was one of the early movers. He and four other militants travelled to [[Zagreb]], [[Croatia]], to meet contacts and parted to [[Travnik]] in central Bosnia where they joined a new Muslim militia. During his participation in the Bosnia War, he adopted the [[Kunya (Arabic)|kunya]] Abu 'Abd al-'Aziz as his ''nom de guerre''.{{sfn|Li|2019|p=41}}<br />
<br />
In December 1992, Bahaziq left Bosnia and became proselytize and fundraise for the global jihad, travelling through the [[Arab world]], the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]].{{sfn|Li|2019|pp=41-42}}<br />
<br />
== Lashkar-e-Taiba funding ==<br />
<br />
In the aftermath of the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]], the [[United Nations Security Council]] [[Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee]] added [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] to its sanctions lists. Later that year, Bahaziq was also listed as a financer of [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]].<ref name=un2008>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUKN10334304|title=Pakistanis added to UN sanctions list after Mumbai|work=Reuters|date=10 December 2008|first=Louis|last=Charbonneau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404201428/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUKN10334304|archive-date=4 April 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unlist>{{Cite web|url=https://scsanctions.un.org/r/|website=United Nations|title=United Nations Security Council Consolidated List|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
=== Bibliography ===<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{Cite Q|Q106367649|author=Li, Darryl|ref={{harvid|Li|2019}}}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://azzambooknet.files.wordpress.com/2019/09/interview-with-abu-abdel-aziz-sirat-al-mustaqeem.pdf Interview with Abu Abdel Aziz] (1994). ''Azzam Booknet''.<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bahaziq, Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed}}<br />
[[Category:1943 births]]<br />
[[Category:Bosnian mujahideen]]<br />
[[Category:Lashkar-e-Taiba members]]<br />
[[Category:People from Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People designated by the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Islamists]]<br />
[[Category:Saudi Arabian Islamists]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indrani_(TV_series)&diff=504435Indrani (TV series)2026-02-05T18:18:02Z<p>Roexpertindia: adding the article first draft...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Bengali drama television series}}<br />
<br />
{{update|date=June 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = Indrani.jpg<br />
| image_size =<br />
| genre = [[Drama]]<br>[[Romance film|Romance]]<br />
| creator = Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal <br /> Shashi Mittal<br />
| starring = [[Ankita Chakraborty]]<br>Rahul Ganguly<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Bengali<br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = 265<br />
| producer = [[Shashi Mittal]]<br>[[Sumeet Mittal]]<br />
| location = Mumbai<br />
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br />
| runtime = 21 min approx.<br />
| company = [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]]<br />
| network = [[Colors Bangla]]<br />
| first_aired = {{start date|2022|07|18|df=yes}}<br />
| last_aired = {{end date|2023|04|09|df=yes}} <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Indrani''''' is an Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] television series broadcast on [[Colors Bangla]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=ananda |first=abp |date=2022-06-10 |title=ছক ভাঙা এবং অসমবয়সী প্রেমের গল্প নিয়ে আসছে নতুন বাংলা ধারাবাহিক 'ইন্দ্রাণী' |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/new-bengali-serial-indrani-coming-soon-ankita-chakraborty-in-lead-character-know-in-details-895211 |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ankita Chakraborty in Indrani: ছোট পর্দায় কামব্যাক অঙ্কিতার! ফিরছেন 'ইন্দ্রাণী' হয়ে |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/ankita-chakraborty-comes-back-bangla-television-indrani-new-bangla-serial-which-will-showcase-unconventional-love-story-soc-382693-2022-06-10 |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref> and digital platform [[Voot]]. Produced by [[Shashi Mittal]] and [[Sumeet Mittal]] under the banner of [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]]. It premiered on 18 July 2022. It stars [[Ankita Chakraborty]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ankita Chakraborty to play the titular role in upcoming show 'Indrani' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/ankita-chakraborty-to-play-the-titular-role-in-upcoming-show-indrani/articleshow/92127826.cms |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> and Rahul Ganguly in the lead role. It ended on 9 April 2023. The show repeated again on [[Colors Bangla]] on 22 July 2024, from Monday at 5.00pm to Sunday at 6.00pm.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
{{More plot|date=February 2023}}<br />
The show is based on Dr. Indrani Roy and a boy, Aditya.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[Ankita Chakraborty]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-12 |title=টেলিভিশনে কেন্দ্রীয় চরিত্রে ফিরছেন অঙ্কিতা, তাঁর নতুন ধারাবাহিকের গল্প কেমন |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/ankita-chakraborty-is-returning-to-the-central-character-on-television-31655019428086.html |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> as Indrani Roy – Piklu and Titli's mother -dilip's aka parichad's former wife, aditya's wife<br />
* Rahul Ganguly as Aditya Purkayastha aka Adi - Angshu's son, Shibani's son, Sanchari's stepson, a medical student - indrani's husband <br />
* Sambhabi Mukherjee as Paromita Roy aka Titli - Indrani and Dilip's daughter<br />
* [[Soma Banerjee]] as Mitali Roy - Dilip's mother<br />
* Bikash Bhowmik as Nikhil Roy - Dilip's father<br />
* Sumanta Mukherjee as Mayukh Ranjan Purkayastha - Aditya's grandfather<br />
* Deb Chatterjee as Angshuman Purkayastha aka Angshu - Aditya's father, Shibani's first husband, Sanchari's second husband<br />
* Suchandrima as Sanchari Purkayastha - Aditya's stepmother<br />
* Anindita Das as Swagata - Indrani's friend, a hospital employee<br />
* Nayna Palit Bandopadhyay as Chanda Purkayastha - Angshu's sister<br />
* Arijit Chowdhury as Dilip Roy aka Parijaat- Indrani's estranged and first husband, Piklu and Titli's estranged father (deceased) <br />
* Sukanya Basu as Mohini - a hospital staff<br />
* Unknown as Dr. Shibani Purkayastha - Aditya's mother, Angshu's first wife (deceased)<br />
* Sakshi Roy as Dr.Nisha Roy<br />
* Sangrami Rumpa as Shahana<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]<br />
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:2023 Indian television series endings]]<br />
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Colors Bangla original programming]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-tv-prog-stub}}</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katwa_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=508982Katwa Lok Sabha constituency2026-01-27T20:12:29Z<p>Roexpertindia: adding initial stub added tags</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Former Lok Sabha constituency in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| type = LS<br />
|name = Katwa<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
|established = 1962<br />
|abolished = 2009<br />
|reservation = None<br />
|state = [[West Bengal]]<br />
|assembly_cons = As of 2004:<br />[[Balagarh Assembly constituency|Balagarh (SC)]]<br />[[Pandua Assembly constituency|Pandua]]<br />[[Kalna Assembly constituency|Kalna]]<br />[[Nadanghat Assembly constituency|Nadanghat]]<br />[[Monteswar Assembly constituency|Monteswar]]<br />[[Purbasthali Assembly constituency|Purbasthali]]<br />[[Katwa Assembly constituency|Katwa]] <br />
|electors = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Katwa Lok Sabha constituency''' was one of the 543 [[Lok Sabha|parliamentary]] constituencies in [[India]]. The constituency centred on [[Katwa]] in [[West Bengal]], which was abolished following the delimitation of the parliamentary constituencies in 2008.<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
As per order o the [[Delimitation Commission]] issued in respect of the [[delimitation of constituencies]] in the West Bengal, this parliamentary constituency ceased to exist and constituent assembly segments are now part of either of the two new constituencies: [[Bardhaman Purba Lok Sabha constituency]] or [[Bardhaman-Durgapur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 |access-date=2009-05-27 |work=Table B – Extent of Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-18 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Assembly segments==<br />
Katwa Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 2010-10-01 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India }}</ref><br />
* [[Balagarh Assembly constituency|Balagarh (SC)]] (assembly constituency no. 188)<br />
* [[Pandua Assembly constituency|Pandua]] (assembly constituency no. 189)<br />
* [[Kalna Assembly constituency|Kalna]] (assembly constituency no. 276)<br />
* [[Nadanghat Assembly constituency|Nadanghat]] (assembly constituency no. 277)<br />
* [[Manteswar Assembly constituency|Manteswar]] (assembly constituency no. 278)<br />
* [[Purbasthali Assembly constituency|Purbasthali]] (assembly constituency no. 279)<br />
* [[Katwa Assembly constituency|Katwa]] (assembly constituency no. 280)<br />
<br />
==Members of Parliament==<br />
{| class="wikitable"ìÍĦĤĠč<br />
|-<br />
! Lok Sabha!!Duration!!Constituency!!Name of M.P.!!Party affiliation<br />
|-<br />
|[[1st Lok Sabha|First]]||1952-57||Kalna-Katwa||[[Janab Abdus Sattar]]||[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=loksabha1952>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |title=General Elections, India, 1951- Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008191615/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |archive-date= 8 October 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2nd Lok Sabha|Second]]||1957-62||No seat<ref name=loksabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1957- Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 June 2014}}</ref>||||<br />
|-<br />
|[[3rd Lok Sabha|Third]]||1962-67||Katwa||[[Saradish Roy]]||[[Communist Party of India]]<ref name=loksabha1962>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962- Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 June 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[4th Lok Sabha|Fourth]]||1967-71||||D.Sen||Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1967>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf |title=General Elections, India, 1967 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404203524/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf |archive-date= 4 April 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[5th Lok Sabha|Fifth]] ||1971-77||||[[Saroj Mukherjee]]||[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<ref name=loksabha1971>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |title=General Elections, India, 1971 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404195218/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |archive-date= 4 April 2014 }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
| [[6th Lok Sabha|Sixth]]||1977-80||||[[Dhirendranath Basu]]||Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1977>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |title=General Elections, 1977 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[7th Lok Sabha|Seventh]]||1980-84||||[[Saifuddin Choudhury]]||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=loksabha1980>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf |title=General Elections, 1980 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[8th Lok Sabha|Eighth]]||1984-89||||Saifuddin Choudhury||Communist Party of India (Marist)<ref name=loksabha1984>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |title=General Elections, 1984 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[9th Lok Sabha|Ninth]]||1989-91||||Saifuddin Choudhury||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=loksabha1989>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf |title=General Elections, 1989 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[10th Lok Sabha|Tenth]]||1991-96||||Saifuddin Choudhury||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=loksabha1991>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf |title=General Elections, 1991 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183558/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[11th Lok Sabha|Eleventh]]||1996-98||||[[Mahboob Zahedi]]||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=loksabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf |title = General Elections, 1996 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2 June 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[12th Lok Sabha|Twelfth]]||1998-99||||Mahboob Zahedi||Communist Party of India (Marxist) <ref name=loksabha1998>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |title=General Elections, 1998 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[13th Lok Sabha|Thirteenth]]||1999-04||||Mahboob Zahedi||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=loksabha1999>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |title=General Elections, 1999 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[14th Lok Sabha|Fourteenth]]||2004-06||||Mahboob Zahedi||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=loksabha2004>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf |title = General Elections, 2004 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2 June 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|||2006-09||||[[Abu Ayesh Mondal]]||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=2006byeelction>{{cite web | url = http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/19wb.htm | title = Left retains two seats in W Bengal bypolls | access-date = 2007-09-20 | publisher =rediff.com.}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
For Members of Parliament from this area in subsequent years see [[Bardhaman Purba Lok Sabha constituency]] and [[Bardhaman-Durgapur Lok Sabha constituency]].<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
<br />
===2006 Bye-election===<br />
A bye-election was held on 16 September 2006 following the death of the sitting MP, Mahboob Zahedi on 8 April 2006.<br />
{{Election box begin | title=Indian Parliamentary bye election, 2006: Katwa constituency}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
|candidate = Abu Ayesh Mondal<br />
|votes = 541.496<br />
|percentage = 60.32<br />
|change = +8.82<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = Susanta Ghosh<br />
|votes = 356,162<br />
|percentage = 39.68<br />
|change = +3.18<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = 185,334<br />
|percentage = 19.3<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 8,97,684<br />
|percentage = 75.8<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
***Congress Did not Contest In 2006 Bye Polls In Katwa Lok Sabha Constituency.They Supported Trinamool Congress Candidate.***<br />
<br />
===General election 2004===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: Katwa<ref>CEO West Bengal. ''[http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/Form_7A/Phase%205/Form_7A_19_Jaynagar.pdf Form 7A - 19 Jaynagar]''</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Mahboob Zahedi]]<br />
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
|votes = 494,716<br />
|percentage = 51.50<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Sultan Ahmed (Indian politician)|Sultan Ahmed]]<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|votes = 351,367<br />
|percentage = 36.50<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Saifuddin Choudhury]]<br />
|party = Party of Democratic Socialism (India)<br />
|votes = 60,693<br />
|percentage = 6.30<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent<br />
|candidate = Hossain Amjad<br />
|votes = 14,685<br />
|percentage = 9.54<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Susul Sarkar<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 10,323<br />
|percentage = 3.25<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Shyam Sundar Das<br />
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent<br />
|votes = 8,857<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Salil Dutta<br />
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)<br />
|votes = 6,290<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Swapan Bhattacharya<br />
|party = Shiv Sena<br />
|votes = 5,442<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent<br />
|candidate = Rina Mondal<br />
|votes = 3,907<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Kailash Sharma<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|votes = 3,541<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Mohammad Zakaria<br />
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent<br />
|votes = 3,362<br />
|percentage = 0.49<br />
|change = ---<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = None of the above<br />
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent<br />
|votes = 3,080<br />
|percentage = 0.49<br />
|change = ---<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 9,66,263<br />
|percentage = 81.31<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 1,43,349<br />
|percentage = 14.9<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===General elections 1951-2004===<br />
Most of the contests were multi-cornered. However, only winners and runners-up are mentioned below:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Voters<br />
!Voter turnout<br />
!Winner<br />
|<br />
|<br />
!Runners up<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|<br />
!%age<br />
!Candidate<br />
!%age<br />
!Party<br />
!Candidate<br />
!%age<br />
!Party<br />
|-<br />
|1951<br />
|185,672<br />
|49.22<br />
|Janab Abdus Sattar<br />
|39.15<br />
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
|Asutosh Lahiri<br />
|27.36<br />
|[[Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha|Hindu Mahasabha]]<ref name=loksabha1952/><br />
|-<br />
|1957<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|No seat<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|1962<br />
|277,329<br />
|53.40<br />
|Saraish Roy<br />
|56.57<br />
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br />
|Anil Kumar Chanda<br />
|43.43<br />
|INC<ref name=loksabha1957/><br />
|-<br />
|1967<br />
|334,989<br />
|68.94<br />
|D.Sen<br />
|49.82<br />
|INC<br />
|S.K.Mukherjee<br />
|46.44<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<ref name=loksabha1962/><br />
|-<br />
|1971<br />
|382,733<br />
|72.16<br />
|Saroj Mukherjee<br />
|56.91<br />
|CPI(M)<br />
|Dwaipayan Sen<br />
|38.39<br />
|INC<ref name=loksabha1971/><br />
|-<br />
|1977 <br />
|369, 900<br />
|64.30<br />
|Dhirendra Nath Basu<br />
|49.84<br />
|INC<br />
|[[Syed Abul Mansur Habibullah]]<br />
|46.64<br />
|CPI (M)<ref name=loksabha1977/> <br />
|-<br />
|1980<br />
|549,370<br />
|77.00<br />
|[[Saifuddin Choudhury]]<br />
|59.37<br />
|CPI (M) <br />
|Dhirendra Nath Basu<br />
|37.41<br />
|INC (I)<ref name =loksabha1980/><br />
|-<br />
|1984<br />
|662, 480<br />
|82.75<br />
|Saifuddin Choudhury<br />
|53.75<br />
|CPI (M)<br />
|Chowdhury Siddiquallah<br />
|46.55<br />
|INC<ref name=loksabha1984/><br />
|-<br />
|1989<br />
|811, 640<br />
|83.68<br />
|Saifuddin Choudhury<br />
|52.41<br />
|CPI (M)<br />
|Nurul Islam<br />
|38.76<br />
|INC<ref name=loksabha1989/><br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|819.630<br />
|81.15<br />
|Saifuddin Choudhury<br />
|50.24<br />
|CPI (M)<br />
|Nurul Islam<br />
|31.02<br />
|INC<ref name=loksabha1991/><br />
|-<br />
|1996<br />
|960,920<br />
|86.20<br />
|[[Mahboob Zahedi]]<br />
|50.46<br />
|CPI (M)<br />
|Nurul Islam<br />
|39.19<br />
|INC<ref name=loksabha1996/><br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
|965,240<br />
|83.46<br />
|Mahboob Zahedi<br />
|49.47<br />
|CPI (M)<br />
|[[Swapan Debnath]]<br />
|34.89<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<ref name=loksabha1998/><br />
|-<br />
|1999<br />
|933,090<br />
|78.83<br />
|Mehboob Zahedi<br />
|50.25<br />
|CPI (M)<br />
|Amal Kumar Dutta<br />
|38.45<br />
|AITC<ref name=loksabha1999/><br />
|-<br />
|2004<br />
|967,460<br />
|82.72<br />
|Mahboob Zahedi<br />
|51.20<br />
|CPI (M)<br />
|Sultan Ahmed<br />
|36.36<br />
|AITC<ref name=loksabha2004/><br />
|-<br />
|2006 Bye Election<br />
| 897,684<br />
| 75.80<br />
|Abu Ayesh Mondal<br />
|60.32<br />
|CPI(M)<br />
|Susanta Ghosh<br />
|39.68<br />
|AITC<ref name=2006byeelction/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Bardhaman district]]<br />
*[[List of former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}<br />
{{Bardhaman topics}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|23.64|88.13|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br />
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhamdha_Assembly_constituency&diff=496581Dhamdha Assembly constituency2026-01-06T00:11:15Z<p>Roexpertindia: starting basic stub initial version.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Chhattisgarh legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Dhamdha<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| state = Chhattisgarh<br />
| established = 2003<br />
| abolished = 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><br />
| electors = 153,233<br />
| mla = Tamradhwaj Sahu<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| constituency_no =<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<br />
| district =<br />
| loksabha_cons =<br />
| reservation =<br />
}}<br />
<b>Dhamdha Assembly constituency </b>was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Chhattisgarh]].<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| [[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || Tamradhwaj Sahu || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|}<br />
== Election results ==<br />
===Assembly Election 2003===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhamdha<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Chhattisgarh |url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_CHH_Nov2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114081955/https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_CHH_Nov2003.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Tamradhwaj Sahu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=48,661 |percentage=42.30% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jageshwar Sahu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=39,334 |percentage=34.19% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Arun Agrawal |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=13,350 |percentage=11.61% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sewak Ram Sahu |party=Independent politician |votes=3,451 |percentage=3.00% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jahar Lal Kurre |party=Independent politician |votes=3,043 |percentage=2.65% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mul Chand Deshlahra |party=Communist Party of India |votes=2,870 |percentage=2.49% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,327 |percentage=8.11% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=115,032 |percentage=75.08% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 153,233 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Chhattisgarh}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]<br />
{{Chhattisgarh-geo-stub}}</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nishu_Dahiya&diff=522253Nishu Dahiya2026-01-03T14:43:07Z<p>Roexpertindia: Put up new page first draft</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian freestyle wrestler (born 2003)}}<br />
{{Infobox sportsperson<br />
| name = Nishu Dahiya<br />
| fullname = Nishu Dahiya<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|1|1|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| country = {{IND}}<br />
| sport = [[Wrestling]]<br />
| event = [[Freestyle wrestling|Freestyle]]<br />
| club = <br />
| weight_class = 55 kg<br />
| show-medals = yes<br />
| medaltemplates = <br />
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[U23 World Wrestling Championships|U23 World Championships]]}}<br />
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 U23 World Wrestling Championships|2025 Novi Sad]]|[[2025 U23 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 55 kg|55 kg]]}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Nishu Dahiya''' (born 2003) is an Indian [[freestyle wrestling|freestyle wrestler]] who competes internationally for [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uww.org/athletes-results/nishu-nishu-203167-profile |title=Athlete Profile – Nishu Dahiya |publisher=United World Wrestling |access-date=29 October 2025}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
At the [[2025 World Wrestling Championships]], she finished ninth in the women’s 55&nbsp;kg category.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uww.org/athletes/sarika-sarika |title=United World Wrestling Athlete Results |publisher=United World Wrestling |access-date=29 October 2025}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Dahiya placed fifth at the [[2025 Asian Wrestling Championships]] and won a bronze medal at the [[2025 U23 World Wrestling Championships]] held in [[Novi Sad]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://whatsmat.uww.org/daten.php?spid=DCC189B134A24376AAD279D4C9EA777E |title=Nishu Dahiya – Results |publisher=United World Wrestling |access-date=29 October 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{UWW|nishu-nishu|Nishu Dahiya}}<br />
* {{IWD|DCC189B134A24376AAD279D4C9EA777E|Nishu Dahiya}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dahiya, Nishu}}<br />
[[Category:2003 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian female sport wrestlers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=SDS_Tuberculosis_Sanatorium&diff=531413SDS Tuberculosis Sanatorium2025-12-31T22:56:31Z<p>Roexpertindia: Put up new entry needs work</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Single source|date=July 2024}}{{Infobox hospital<br />
| name = Shanthabai Devarao Shivaram Tuberculosis Sanatorium and Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases<br />
| org_group = <br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| logo = <!-- --><br />
| logo_size = <!-- optional --><br />
| location = <br />
| region = Bengaluru<br />
| state = Karnataka<br />
| country = IN<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|12|55|2.19|N|77|37|22.37|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br />
| healthcare = <!-- UK:NHS. AU/CA: Medicare. ELSE freetext, eg Private --><br />
| funding = Government<br />
| type = Specialist<br />
| speciality = Cardio Thoracic and Chest Diseases<br />
| standards = <!-- optional if no national standards --><br />
| emergency = <!-- UK/IR/HK/SG: Yes/No, CA/US: I/II/III for Trauma certification level --><br />
| affiliation = [[Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences]]<br />
| patron = <!-- 'None' or the individual who acts as the hospital patron --><br />
| network = <!-- optional --><br />
| beds = <br />
| founded = {{start date and age|1948}}<br />
| website = {{URL|https://rgicd.karnataka.gov.in}}<br />
| other_links = <!-- optional --><br />
}}<br />
The '''SDS Tuberculosis Sanatorium and Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Chest diseases''' is a government institute specializing in treating [[tuberculosis]] and other chest diseases.<ref name="kargov">{{cite web|title=SDS TB and Chest Diseases Hospital|url=http://www.karunadu.gov.in/bmcri/Pages/chestdiseases.aspx|publisher=Government of Karnataka|access-date=22 November 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227110745/http://www.karunadu.gov.in/bmcri/Pages/chestdiseases.aspx|archive-date=27 December 2010}}</ref> The [https://rgicd.karnataka.gov.in SDS TRC AND RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF CHEST DISEASES] is housed on a sprawling campus near Hosur Road in [[Bengaluru]].<br />
<br />
SDS Tuberculosis Sanatorium is named after the wife of philanthropist Devarao Shivaram as ''Shanthabai Devarao Shivaram Tuberculosis Sanatorium.''<ref name=kargov/><br />
<br />
Later, as it became a teaching hospital associated with the [[Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute]], and under development plans of the [[Government of Karnataka]], it was called Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases. <br />
<br />
It is located adjoining the Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health and the [[NIMHANS]] campus.<br />
<br />
It a premier institute where chest diseases are treated with expertise from the best in the field. Of special importance attributed to the hospital is its treatment of tuberculosis which is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the region. Specialised treatment of tuberculosis and its varied complications are dealt with medically and if be need surgically yet being very cost effective. It also functions as a chest injury and trauma care referral hospital.<br />
<br />
Undergraduate students in the MBBS and Respiratory therapy, course and post graduate students from the medicine, surgery and allied departments are posted on rotation basis for a definite period for gaining clinical and surgical experience in identifying, treating and following up pulmonary disease.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{official website|https://rgicd.karnataka.gov.in}}<br />
<br />
{{Education in Bangalore}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Teaching hospitals in India]]<br />
[[Category:Hospitals in Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:1948 establishments in India]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=G._D._Harish_Gowda&diff=499431G. D. Harish Gowda2025-12-24T16:07:52Z<p>Roexpertindia: starting some article w/ refs.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
'''G. D. Harish Gowda''' (born 1987)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from Karnataka. He is an MLA from Hunsur Assembly constituency in [[Mysore district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=G.D. Harish Gowda Archives |url=https://starofmysore.com/tag/g-d-harish-gowda/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=Star of Mysore |language=en-US}}</ref> He represents Janata Dal (Secular) Party and won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] from Hunsur.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title=Mysore Assembly Constituency Result 2023 Highlights: Congress wins in Madikeri, Piriyapatna, Virajpet, Chamaraja and Narsimharaja; JD(S) gets Husur, Chamundeshwari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/mysore-assembly-constituency-result-2023-highlights-l-nagendra-s-satheesh-tanveer-sait-bjp-jds-inc-mla-candidates-leading-vote-majority-winners/articleshow/100197920.cms |access-date=2024-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Harish is from Hunsur, Mysore district. He completed his graduation in engineering in 2009 from National Institute of Engineering, Mysore.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=G.D. Harish Gowda(JD(S)):Constituency- HUNSUR(MYSORE) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6988 |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> His father [[G. T. Devegowda]] was a four time MLA.<ref>{{Cite news | date=2023-05-13 |title=Father, son win in Chamundeshwari and Hunsur |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/father-son-win-in-chamundeshwari-and-hunsur/article66846486.ece |access-date=2024-07-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="Fathers, sons make history, to enter Karnataka assembly">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |date=15 May 2023 |title=Fathers, sons make history, to enter Karnataka assembly |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/fathers-sons-make-history-to-enter-state-assembly/articleshow/100238205.cms |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117184448/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/fathers-sons-make-history-to-enter-state-assembly/articleshow/100238205.cms |archivedate=17 November 2024 |accessdate=17 November 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Harish won the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election representing JD(S) from Hunsur Assembly constituency. He polled 94,666 votes and defeated his nearest rival, H. P. Manjunath of [[Indian National Congress]], by a narrow margin of 2,412 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=G D Harish Gowda in Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/karnataka/g-d-harish-gowda-hunsur-candidate-s10a212c009/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2023-05-13 |title=Hunasuru Election Result 2023 Live: Jd(s) Candidate G.d. Harish Gowda Wins From Hunasuru |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/hunasuru-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-name-bjp-congress-jds-karnataka-assembly-election-result-1601930 |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Harish Gowda, G. D.}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1987 births]]<br />
[[Category:Janata Dal (Secular) politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]<br />
[[Category:People from Mysore district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Karnataka-JDS-politician-stub}}</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter_Evans-Wentz&diff=473333Walter Evans-Wentz2025-12-24T06:53:53Z<p>Roexpertindia: correct content and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|American anthropologist (1878–1965)}}<br />
[[File:Walter Evans-Wentz and Lama Kazi Dawa Samdup photographed circa 1919.jpg|thumb|[[Kazi Dawa Samdup|Lama Kazi Dawa Samdup]] (left) and Evans-Wentz, circa 1919]]<br />
'''Walter Yeeling Evans-Wentz''' (February 2, 1878 &ndash; July 17, 1965) was an American [[anthropologist]] and writer who was a pioneer in the study of [[Tibetan Buddhism]], and in transmission of Tibetan Buddhism to the Western world, most known for publishing an early English translation of ''[[Bardo Thodol|The Tibetan Book of the Dead]]'' in 1927. He had three other texts translated from the Tibetan: ''Tibet's Great [[Yogi]] [[Milarepa]]'' (1928), ''Tibetan Yoga and [[Secret Doctrine]]s'' (1935), and ''The Tibetan Book of the Great Liberation'' (1954), and wrote the preface to [[Paramahansa Yogananda]]'s famous spiritual book, [[Autobiography of a Yogi|''Autobiography of a Yogi'' (1946).]]<br />
<br />
==Early life and background==<br />
<br />
Walter Yeeling Wentz was born in [[Trenton, New Jersey]] in 1878. His father Christopher Wentz (1836 - February 4, 1921) - born in Weissengen, [[Baden, Germany]] - had emigrated to America with his parents in 1846.<ref>https://lamesahistory.com/wp-content/uploads/LO_222_2001.pdf - "Wentz-Park House Landmarked, A Designated Historic Site" in ''Lookout Avenue'', Volume 22, Number 2 (Autumn 2001), p. 6 (La Mesa Historical Society)</ref> At the turn of the 20th century, Christopher was a real estate developer in Pablo Beach, Florida. Walter's mother (and Christopher's 1st wife) - Mary Evans Cook (died 1898) - was of Irish heritage. Christopher and Mary were married on August 11, 1862 in Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey. Christopher's 2nd wife (they were married on June 4, 1900 in Duval County, Florida) was Olivia F. Bradford (1863-1949). Walter had two brothers and two sisters.<ref name="david">{{Cite web |last=Guy |first=David |date=1997 |title=The Hermit Who Owned His Mountain: A Profile of W.Y. Evans Wentz |url=https://tricycle.org/magazine/hermit-who-owned-his-mountain/ |access-date=2025-02-17 |publisher=Tricycle}}</ref> Though initially a Baptist, Walter's father had turned to [[Spiritualism (movement)|spiritualism]] and [[Theosophy (Blavatskian)|Theosophy]].<ref name="Oldmeadow135"/> As a teenager, Walter read [[Madame Blavatsky]]'s ''[[Isis Unveiled]]'' and ''[[The Secret Doctrine]]'' in his father's library, and became interested in the teachings of [[Theosophy]] and the occult.<ref name="Lopez49">[[#Lo|Lopez, p. 49]]</ref> Subsequently, Walter moved to [[San Diego]], California to join his father's profession, but also because it was close to [[Lomaland]], the American headquarters for the [[Theosophical Society]],<ref name=david/> which he joined in 1901.<ref name="Lopez52"/><br />
<br />
At age 24 Evans-Wentz went to [[Stanford University]], where he studied religion, philosophy, and history and was deeply influenced by visitors [[William James]] and [[W. B. Yeats]].<ref name="Oldmeadow135"/> He went on to receive B.A. and M.A degrees.<ref name=david/> He then studied [[Celtic mythology]] and folklore at [[Jesus College, Oxford]]<ref name="sutin262">Sutin 2006, pg. 262</ref> (1907). He performed ethnographic fieldwork collecting [[fairy]] folklore in Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Cornwall, Brittany, and the Isle of Man. In 1911 Evans-Wentz published his degree [[thesis]] as a book, ''The [[Fairy]]-[[Faith]] in [[Celt]]ic Countries''.<ref name=david/><ref>{{cite web | title = Evans-Wentz, W. Y. (Walter Yeeling), 1878-1965:Biographical History|publisher=University of Virginia|url =http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=evans-wentz-w-y-walter-yeeling-1878-1965-cr.xml| access-date = 2013-08-30}}</ref> While at Oxford, he added his mother's Welsh surname [[Evans (surname)|Evans]] to his name, being known henceforth as Evans-Wentz.<ref name="Lopez52">[[#Lo|Lopez, p. 52]]</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
At Oxford, Evans-Wentz met archaeologist and British Army officer [[T. E. Lawrence]], who advised him to travel to the [[Orient]].<ref name="Oldmeadow135"/><br />
<br />
Thereafter, funded by his rental properties in Florida,<ref name="Lopez52"/> he started travelling extensively, spending time in [[Mexico]], [[Europe]], and the Far East. He spent the years of the [[First World War]] in [[Egypt]]. He boarded a ship from [[Port Said]], Egypt for [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]] (then Ceylon).<ref name="Oldmeadow136"/> There he started studying the history, customs and religious traditions of the country,<ref name="Oldmeadow136"/> and also collected a large number of important [[Pali]] manuscripts, which were later donated to [[Stanford University]]. Next in 1918, he travelled across [[India]], covering important religious sites, "seeking wise men of the east". He met spiritual figures like [[Paramahansa Yogananda|Yogananda]], [[J. Krishnamurti]], [[Paul Brunton]], [[Ramana Maharishi]], [[Sri Krishna Prem]] and [[Alfred Sorensen|Shunyata]]. He also visited the [[Theosophical Society Adyar]], where he met [[Annie Besant]] and [[Swami]] Shyamananda Giri (1911-1971).<ref>Swami Shyamananda Giri (May 4, 1911 - August 28, 1971) - AKA Yogacharya Binay Narayan. His name at birth was Binayendra Narayan Dubey.</ref><ref name="Lopez52"/><br />
<br />
Finally he reached [[Darjeeling]] in 1919;<ref name="Oldmeadow136">[[#Ol|Oldmeadow, p. 136]]</ref> there he encountered Tibetan religious texts firsthand, when he acquired a Tibetan manuscript of [[Karma Lingpa]]'s ''Liberation through Hearing during the Intermediate State'' (or ''[[Bardo Thodol]]'') from Major Campbell, a British officer who had just returned from Tibet. He next met [[Lama Kazi Dawa-Samdup]] (1868&ndash;1922), an English teacher and headmaster at Maharaja's Boys School, in [[Gangtok]], [[Sikkim]]. Samdup had been with [[13th Dalai Lama]] during the latter's exile years in India in 1910; more importantly for Evans-Wentz, he had already worked as a translator with [[Alexandra David-Néel]], the Belgian-French explorer, travel writer, and Buddhist convert, and Sir [[John Woodroffe]], noted British Orientalist.<ref name="Lopez52"/><ref name="Oldmeadow136"/><br />
<br />
For the next two months, Evans-Wentz spent morning hours before the opening of the school with Samdup working on the text. During this period, they worked out the origins of what was to become ''The Tibetan Book of the Dead''. Evans-Wentz soon left for the Swami Satyananda's [[ashram]], where he was practicing yoga. Samdup meanwhile was appointed as a lecturer at the [[University of Calcutta]], in the same year, and died in Calcutta three years later, long before the book could be finally published.<ref name="Lopez53">[[#Lo|Lopez, p. 53]]</ref><br />
<br />
In 1927, ''The Tibetan Book of the Dead'' was published by [[Oxford University Press]]. Evans-Wentz chose the title "Book of the Dead" because it reminded him of the [[Book of the Dead|Egyptian ''Book of the Dead'']]. For Westerners, the book would become a principal reference on Tibetan Buddhism.<ref name="Oldmeadow135"/> Evans-Wentz credited himself only as the compiler and editor of these volumes; the actual translation was performed by Tibetan Buddhists, primarily Lama Kazi Dawa-Samdup. Evans-Wentz's interpretations and organisation of this Tibetan material is [[Hermeneutics|hermeneutically]] controversial, being influenced by preconceptions he brought to the subject from Theosophy and other [[metaphysical]] schools.<ref>Donald S. Lopez, Jr. ''The Tibetan Book of the Dead: A Biography,'' Princeton University Press, 2011.</ref><br />
<br />
This book was followed by ''Tibet's Great [[Yogi]] [[Milarepa]]'' (1928), also based on Samdup's translations. Evans-Wentz was a practitioner of the religions he studied. He became Dawa-Samdup's "disciple" (E-W's term), wore robes, and ate a simple [[vegetarian]] diet.<ref name="sutin263">Sutin 2006, pg. 263</ref> In 1935, he met [[Ramana Maharshi]] and went to Darjeeling, where he employed three translators, Sikkimese of Tibetan descent, to translate another text which was published as ''Tibetan Yoga and Secret Doctrines'' (1935).<ref name="Lopez54"/><br />
<br />
Evans-Wentz intended to settle permanently in India, but was compelled by [[World War II]] to return to the U.S. There he would publish ''The Tibetan Book of the Great Liberation'' in 1954. A final work, ''[[Cuchama]] and [[Sacred]] Mountains'' (1989), was published posthumously.<br />
<br />
In 1946, he wrote the preface to Yogananda's well known ''[[Autobiography of a Yogi]]'', that introduced both Yogananda and himself to wider audiences in a book which has been in print for over sixty-five years and translated into at least thirty-four languages. He mentions having personally met Yogananda's [[guru]], [[Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri]], at his [[ashram]] in [[Puri]] and noted positive impressions of him. Evans-Wentz remains best known for his lasting legacy to [[Tibetology]].<ref name="Oldmeadow135">[[#Ol|Oldmeadow, p. 135]]</ref><ref>'Walter Evans-Wentz' in: Forbes, Andrew ; Henley, David (2013). ''The Illustrated Tibetan Book of the Dead''. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. B00BCRLONM</ref><br />
<br />
==Later years and death==<br />
Evans-Wentz remained a [[Theosophist]] for the rest of his life, writing articles for Theosophical publications and provided financial support to the [[Maha Bodhi Society]], [[Self-Realization Fellowship]], and the Theosophical Society.<ref name="Lopez54">[[#Lo|Lopez, p. 54]]</ref> He lived for 23 years at the Keystone Hotel in [[San Diego]].<ref name="Lopez54"/><ref name="Oldmeadow137">[[#Ol|Oldmeadow, p. 137]]</ref> Evans-Wentz spent his last months at Yogananda's [[Self-Realization Fellowship]] in [[Encinitas, California]]<ref name="Lopez54"/> and died on July 17, 1965. His ''Tibetan Book of the Dead'' was read at his funeral.<ref name="sutin 267">Sutin 2006, pg. 267</ref><br />
<br />
Described as a puritanical loner, according to his biographer Ken Winkler, Evans-Wentz was a "lifelong [[bachelor]] (there is no evidence to the contrary)".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Winkler |first1=Ken |title=Pilgrim of the Clear Light: The Biography of Dr. Walter Y. Evans-Wentz |date=1982 |publisher=Dawnfire Books |location=Berkeley, California |isbn=0-942058-00-3 |page=4 |url=https://archive.org/details/pilgrimofclearli0000wink/mode/1up |access-date=11 May 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
The Department of Religious Studies at [[Stanford University]] has hosted "The Evans-Wentz Lectureship in Asian Philosophy, Religion, and Ethics" since 1969, funded by a bequest from Evans-Wentz.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://buddhiststudies.stanford.edu/events/evans-wentz-lectureship|title=The Evans-Wentz Lectureship &#124; The Ho Center for Buddhist Studies|website=buddhiststudies.stanford.edu|accessdate=February 27, 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Partial bibliography==<br />
*''[http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/ffcc/ The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries]'', London, New York, H. Frowde, 1911.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/search?query=Fairy-Faith+AND+mediatype:texts|title=Internet Archive: Digital Library of Free & Borrowable Books, Movies, Music & Wayback Machine|website=archive.org|accessdate=February 27, 2023}}</ref><br />
* {{cite book|author=M. J. LeGoc|title=The Doctrine of Rebirth and Dr. Evans-Wentz: A Public Lecture Delivered Under the Auspices of the Catholic Union of Ceylon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eaYMAAAAIAAJ|year=1921|publisher=Messenger Press}}<br />
*''[[iarchive:tibetanbookofdea0000unse_w2j5|The Tibetan Book of the Dead]]; or, The After-Death Experiences on the Bardo Plane, According to Lāma Kazi Dawa-Samdup's English Rendering'', with foreword by Sir [[John Woodroffe]], London, Oxford University Press, H. Milford, 1927. <br />
*''Tibetan Yoga And Secret Doctrines; or, Seven Books of Wisdom of the Great Path, According to the Late Lāma Kazi Dawa-Samdup's English Rendering''; Arranged and Edited with Introductions and Annotations to serve as a Commentary, London, Oxford University Press, H. Milford, 1935.<br />
*''Tibet's Great Yogi Milarepa: a Biography from the Tibetan; Being the Jetsün-Kahbum or Biographical History of Jetsün-Milarepa, According to the Late Lāma Kazi Dawa-Samdup's English Tendering'' (First edition, 1928); (2d ed.), edited with introd. and annotations by W. Y. Evans-Wentz, London, New York: Oxford University Press, 1951.<br />
*''The Tibetan Book of the Great Liberation; Or, The Method of Realizing Nirvana Through Knowing the Mind Preceded by an Epitome of Padma-Sambhava's Biography and Followed by Guru Phadampa Sangay's Teachings According to English renderings by Sardar Bahädur S. W. Laden La and by the Lāmas Karma Sumdhon Paul, Lobzang Mingyur Dorje, and Kazi Dawa-Samdup.'' Introductions, annotations, and editing by W. Y. Evans-Wentz. With psychological commentary by [[C. G. Jung]]. London, New York, Oxford University Press, 1954.<br />
* {{cite book|title=Cuchama and Sacred Mountains|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uUbOAAAACAAJ|year= 1989|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-8040-0908-9}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* ''[[Tibetan Book of the Dead]]''<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* {{cite book|author=Winkler, Ken|title=Pilgrim of the Clear Light: The Biography of Dr. Walter Y. Evans-Wentz, ''Second Edition (ebook)''|url=https://www.amazon.com/Pilgrim-Clear-Light-Evans-Wentz-ebook/dp/B00EYRK898|year=2013|publisher=Bookmango|asin=B00EYRK898}}<br />
* At Bodleian Library, Oxford: [http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/news/wyew.html Archives Hub: Papers of W. Y. Evans-Wentz]<br />
* {{cite book|author=Lopez, Donald S.|title=Prisoners of Shangri-La: Tibetan Buddhism and the West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mjUHF7kQfVAC&pg=PA48|year=1999|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-49311-4|ref=Lo}}<br />
* {{cite book|author=Oldmeadow, Harry|title=Journeys East: 20th Century Western Encounters with Eastern Religious Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vC1qAj6RbRQC&pg=PA135|year= 2004|publisher=World Wisdom, Inc|isbn=978-0-941532-57-0|ref=Ol}}<br />
* McGuire, William (2003) "Jung, Evans-Wentz and various other gurus", in: ''Journal of Analytical Psychology''; 48 (4), 433–445. {{doi|10.1111/1465-5922.00406}}<br />
* Sutin, Lawrence (2006) ''All is Change: the two-thousand-year journey of Buddhism to the West'' Little, Brown and Co. {{ISBN|0-316-74156-6}}<br />
* In the Online Archive of California: [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt038nf0pg/ Guide to the Walter Y. Evans-Wentz Collection SC0821]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commonscatinline}}<br />
* [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf900006xp Walter Yeeling Evans-Wentz Papers, 1894-1961](5 linear ft.), [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt038nf0pg Walter Y. Evans-Wentz collection, 1894-1993] (.5 linear ft.) and [https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11380133 Ed Reither collection of W. Y. (Walter Yeeling) Evans-Wentz correspondence and ephemera, 1935-1960] (.5 linear ft.), among related collections are housed in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at [http://library.stanford.edu/ Stanford University Libraries]<br />
* W.Y.Evans-Wentz papers (English) are also housed at the Bodleian Library, Oxford, see [http://archiveshub.ac.uk/features/wyew.html]<br />
* Evans-Wentz's Tibetan manuscripts are in the Bodleian Oriental Special Collections of manuscripts, see the Tibetan catalogue: [http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/95715/JESD-Tibetan-mss-catalogue-optimized.pdf] (search for "Evans-Wentz")<br />
* {{Gutenberg author | id=37274}}<br />
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Walter Yeeling Evans-Wentz}}<br />
<br />
{{Modern Buddhist writers}}<br />
{{Theosophy series}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Evans-Wentz, Walter}}<br />
[[Category:1878 births]]<br />
[[Category:1965 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century American anthropologists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]]<br />
[[Category:American people of German descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]<br />
[[Category:American religious writers]]<br />
[[Category:Buddhism in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Trenton, New Jersey]]<br />
[[Category:American Theosophists]]<br />
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhism writers]]<br />
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Bal_Sahitya_Puraskar_winners_for_Hindi&diff=512262List of Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for Hindi2025-12-16T18:20:40Z<p>Roexpertindia: adding initial data more to come</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Winners of a literary honour in India}}<br />
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}<br />
'''Bal Sahitya Puraskar''' is given each year to writers for their outstanding works in the 24 languages, since 2010.<br />
<br />
== Recipients ==<br />
Following is the list of recipients of [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] for their works written in [[Hindi language|Hindi]]. The award comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.<ref name="the quint">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal, Yuva Puraskar for 2018 |url=https://www.thequint.com/hotwire-text/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-yuva-puraskar-for-2018 |website=www.thequint.com |date=2018-06-22 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Author<br />
! Work<br />
! Genre<br />
! class="unsortable" |References<br />
|-<br />
| 2010 || Prakash Manu || ''Ek Tha Thunthuniya'' || Novel || <br />
|-Prakash Manu<br />
| 2011 || [[Hari Krishna Devsare]] || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || Balashouri Reddy || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || Ramesh Tailang || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/October-December_2013_Newsletter.pdf |title=Fourth Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar for 2013 were presented to twenty four writers in Indian languages recognised by the Akademi in a grand function held on 15 November 2013 at Goa State Museum Auditorium, Panaji, Goa |access-date=29 June 2023 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2014 || Dinesh Chamola 'Shailesh' || ''Mere Priya Baalgeet'' || Poetry || <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar November 2014, Awards Presentation Ceremony |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714091455/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || Sherjang Garg || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || || <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/sep-dec_2015_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=|archive-date=|page=4-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announced Bal Sahitya Puraskar for the year 2015 |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/sahitya-akademi-announced-bal-sahitya-puraskar-for-the-year-2015-1435216949-1 |website=www.jagranjosh.com |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || Droan Vir Kohli || ''Mataki Mataka Matkaina'' || Novel ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || Sri Swayamprakash || ''Pyare Bahi Ramsahay'' || Short Stories ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || Divik Ramesh || ''Mere Man Ki Bal Kahaniyan'' || Short Stories || <ref name="the quint"/><br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || Govind Sharma || ''Kachu Ki Topi'' || Stories ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || Balswaroop Rahi || ''Sampurna Bal Kavitayen'' || Poetry || <br />
|-<br />
| 2021 || Devendra Mewari || ''Natak Natak me Vigyan'' || Play || <br />
|-<br />
| 2022 || Kshama Sharma || ''Kshama Sharma ki Chuninda Baal Kahaniyan'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite news |title=मराठी भाषेसाठी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार |url=https://www.adda247.com/mr/jobs/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2022/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.adda247.com |date=3 September 2022}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2023 || Suryanath Singh || ''Kotuk App'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2024 || Devender Kumar || ''51 Baal Kahaniyan'' || Stories ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2025 || Sushil Shukla || ''Ek Batey Bara'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2138824 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=28 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773 |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 Winners Announced |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2025-winners-announced-complete-list-of-24-award-recipients/ |access-date=28 October 2025 |agency=Adda 24x7 Current Affairs |date=19 June 2025}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Hindi]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Portal|India|Literature}}<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/bal%20sahitya%20samman_suchi.jsp Bal Sahitya Puraskar-Sahitya Akademi India - Official Website]<br />
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]<br />
[[Category:Literary awards by language]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of Indian award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Bal Sahitya Puraskar by language]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multi-Modal_Logistics_Parks_in_India&diff=477823Multi-Modal Logistics Parks in India2025-12-10T17:37:22Z<p>Roexpertindia: Starting post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Policy initiative}}<br />
<br />
'''Multi-Modal Logistics Parks (MMLPs)''' is a key policy initiative of the [[Government of India]], led by National Highways Logistics Management Limited under [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]] (MoRTH) and the [[National Highways Authority of India]] (NHAI), to develop Multi-Modal Logistics Parks in hub-and-spoke model to improve the country's freight logistics sector by lowering overall freight costs and time, cutting warehousing costs, reducing vehicular pollution and congestion, improving the tracking and traceability of consignments through infrastructural, procedural, and information technology interventions.<ref name="log2">{{cite web |title=Government to develop 15 multi-modal logistics parks for Rs 33,000 cr |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/government-to-develop-15-multi-modal-logistics-parks-for-rs-33-000-cr-117051501161_1.html |publisher=Business Standard |access-date=2023-08-01}}</ref><ref name=":1">Government of India, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. 2016. Logistics Efficiency Enhancement Program (LEEP). Delhi.</ref><br />
<br />
Since, in 2017, India had comparatively high logistics costs, 13% of total price of goods compared with 8% in other major economies and average 72% higher cost than China of exporting/importing a container in India.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Arora |first=Rajat |date=2017-07-21 |title=Government approves plan to build 34 mega multi-modal logistics parks at an investment of Rs 2 lakh cr |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/government-approves-plan-to-build-34-mega-multi-modal-logistics-parks-at-an-investment-of-rs-2-lakh-cr/articleshow/59690653.cms |access-date=2023-08-01 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> To make India globally competitive by reducing these costs and time, the MoRTH is developing multi-modal logistics parks at selected locations in the country under its Logistics Efficiency Enhancement Program (LEEP).<ref name="log2" /><ref name=":1"/><br />
<br />
MMLP is officially defined as a freight-handling facility with a minimum area of 100 acres (40.5 hectares), with various modes of transport access, mechanized warehouses, specialized storage solutions such as cold storage, facilities for mechanized material handling and inter-modal transfer container terminals, and bulk and break-bulk cargo terminals.<ref>Government of India, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. 2017. Draft Policy Document: Development of Multimodal Logistics Parks. Delhi.</ref> Logistics parks will also provide value-added services such as customs clearance with bonded storage yards, quarantine zones, testing facilities, and warehousing management services. Provisions will also be made for late-stage manufacturing activities such as kitting and final assembly, grading, sorting, labelling and packaging activities, re-working, and returns management.<ref name=":0"/><br />
<br />
As of July 2021, 35 MMLPs has been identified by MoRTH. Among those Bangalore, Chennai, Guwahati and Nagpur are under implementation, and the rest are in pre-planning and DPR is yet to be prepared.<ref name=mm1/><br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
<br />
=== Expansion of logistics sector with India's economic growth ===<br />
<br />
Keeping pace with India's rapid economic growth is the expansion of the country's logistics sector. The movement of freight in the country nearly doubled to around 2,300 billion ton-kilometers in fiscal year 2015 from 1,200 billion ton-kilometres in the fiscal year 2008.<ref>A ton-kilometre is a unit of transport measurement equivalent to moving 1 ton of cargo over a distance of 1 kilometre.</ref> The government expects freight movement in the country to continue its growth trajectory, with expected annual growth of 8%–10% over the next 10 years. The logistics sector as a whole, according to a study commissioned by MoRTH, is poised to expand at roughly 1.2 times the rate of India's [[gross domestic product]] growth through 2032, by which time it is expected to generate $360 billion in value-added, up from $115 billion in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Multimodal Parks Can Do for Logistics in India {{!}} Asian Development Blog |url=https://blogs.adb.org/blog/what-multimodal-parks-can-do-logistics-india |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=blogs.adb.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== India's Logistics Performance Index score ===<br />
<br />
In 2016, India managed to improve its performance in the [[Logistics Performance Index]] (LPI), a ranking published by the [[World Bank]] to measure the logistics performance of countries.<ref>The World Bank. 2016. Connecting to Compete 2016: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy—The Logistics Performance Index and Its Indicators. Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.</ref> India's LPI ranking rose to 38th in 2023, up from 54th in 2014. India witnessed a “spectacular rise” of 16 places in the Logistics Performance Index (LPI). India's ranking, however, still lags behind some of its economic peers, including other Asian countries. The best logistics performer in Asia is Singapore, which was ranked 5th in 2016, followed by Hong Kong, China (9th); Japan (12th); the Republic of Korea (24th); and the People's Republic of China (PRC) (27th). Among the grouping of so-called [[BRICS]]—comprising Brazil, Russia, India, the PRC, and South Africa—aside from the PRC, South Africa also outperformed India in 2016 with a ranking of 20th (World Bank, 2016).<br />
<br />
India's National Logistics EMarket Place will empower India as a major logistics hub in the coming decade.<br />
<br />
== Government's MMLP initiative ==<br />
<br />
=== Drivers and challenges for logistics sector development in India ===<br />
<br />
Logistics costs are high in India relative to costs in developed countries, which were 13% of GDP in 2015 compared to approximately 8%–10% in developed nations. India's road freight cost per ton-kilometer, adjusted for [[purchasing power parity]], is ₹1.90 ($0.03), which is almost double that of the United States.<ref name=log1>Government of India, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. 2017. Concept Note: Logistics Efficiency Enhancement Program (LEEP)—Development of Multimodal Logistics Parks. Delhi.</ref> These higher logistics costs in India are primarily driven by the following five key factors.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
# Unfavorable inter-modal mix: 60% of freight movement skewed toward road transport despite the lower freight cost of rail transport.<ref name=":1" /> <br />
# Inefficient fleet mix: Characterized by smaller, inefficient trucks.<ref name=":1" /> <br />
# Underdeveloped material handling infrastructure: A fragmented industry consisting largely of small, unorganized warehouses with limited mechanization.<ref name=":1" /><br />
# Underdeveloped road infrastructure: Limited presence of 4 and 6 lane national highways.<ref name=":1" /><br />
# Institutional and regulatory bottlenecks: Such as complicated documentation and procedures related to toll collections, adversely impact logistics costs in India.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
=== Government's policy and reforms initiatives ===<br />
<br />
To overcome the challenges to the development of the logistics sector, the government took several initiatives. In addition to the nationwide imposition of a goods and services tax (GST), [[Make in India]], and infrastructure improvement projects, the Government of India is undertaking reforms and technology adoption to transform India's integrated logistics sector which includes the following:<ref name=goy1>R. Goyal and S. Singh. 2018. Indian Logistics Sector: On the Path of Transformation. Government of India, NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India). http://niti.gov.in/content/indian-logistics-sector-path-transformation</ref><br />
<br />
* Logistics division in the [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Ministry of Commerce and Industry]]: <br>It was newly established to coordinate integrated development of the sector via policy changes, improvement in existing procedures, identification of bottlenecks and gaps, and introduction of technology-based interventions.<ref name=goy1/><br />
* Integrated logistics portal: <br>To connect buyers, logistics service providers and relevant government agencies.<ref name=goy1/><br />
* Improved access to credit: <br>Reclassification of the logistics sector as a subsector of the Infrastructure sector, which now provides the logistics sector access to long-term credit.<ref name=goy1/><br />
* Simplification of processes: <br>The approval process for the construction of MMLPs is simplified, and investments by debt and pension funds into recognized logistics projects would be encouraged by the regulated sector's market accountability.<ref name=goy1/><br />
<br />
=== Five key functions of MMLP ===<br />
[[File:The_Effective_Framework_for_a_Multi-Modal_Logistics_Park_Development.jpg|alt=|right|frameless|600x600px]]<br />
<br />
The development of MMLPs is envisaged as a key policy measure to reduce logistics costs and help address three of the five constraining issues identified above. Specifically, these include an unfavorable modal mix, inefficient fleet mix, and underdeveloped material handling infrastructure. In July 2017, the Government of India approved a plan to build 35 MMLPs. State governments will provide the land needed for the projects, which will then be taken up through public–private partnerships.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
MMLPs have 5 key functions: <br />
* freight aggregation and distribution, <br />
* multi-modal freight transport, <br />
* integrated storage and warehousing, <br />
* information technology support, and <br />
* value-added services.<br />
<br />
== List of MMLPs by states ==<br />
<br />
In 2017, the Government of India launched a program to develop 35 multi-modal logistics parks across the country over the succeeding years and invited [[Asian Development Bank]] (ADB) to become a lead partner and provide the necessary support (Jeong, 2017). ADB then conducted a pre-feasibility study to assess the suitability of MMLP locations and identify the requisite infrastructure, connectivity, and regulatory reforms in two selected locations: Bengaluru in Karnataka and Guwahati in Assam.<ref name=ban1/><br />
<br />
[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|MoRTH]] has planned to develop 35 MMLPs under Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) mode. Based on the detailed project report (DPR), feasibility study and approved bidding document, the tender will be invited from companies. The bidding documents (The Model Concession Agreement and [[Request for proposal|Request for Proposal]]) is being finalised for these 35 MMLPs, following cities have been selected.<ref name=mm1>[https://in.news.yahoo.com/centre-develop-35-multi-model-121347289.html Centre developoing 35 MMLP], Yahoo News, 22 July 2021.</ref> Each will have a minimum area of 100 acres (40.5 hectares). The following MMLP have been identified:<ref name=mm1/><br />
<br />
* Andhra Pradsh<br />
** Vijayawada<br />
** Visakhapatnam<br />
* Assam<br />
** Guwahati, under construction by the National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation (NHIDCL) on 190 acres.<ref name=mm1/> MMLP at [[Jogighopa]] incorporates rail, road, and inland-waterway connectivity, and the proposed site is located along [[National Waterway 2]] and on the Indo-Bangladesh road route, making it suitable for the MMLP with multi modal access.<ref name="ban1">{{Cite web |date=2018-02-21 |title=Multimodal logistics park: Re-defining infrastructure in India |url=https://qrius.com/multimodal-logistics-park-redefining-infrastructure-india/ |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=Qrius |language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
* Bihar<br />
** Patna<br />
* Chhattisgarh<br />
** Raipur<br />
* Delhi-NCR<br />
* Gujarat<br />
** Kandla<br />
** Rajkot<br />
** Port of Pipavav, APM Terminals Pipavav in partnership with Contrans Logistic, has opened a state-of-the-art multimodal logistics park (MMLP Pipavav) Phase-1 near the port of Piapvav. offering connectivity with international and coastal shipping routes, access to the Indian rail network through the Dedicated Freight Corridor and connects to the evolving road network in Gujarat and the northern hinterland. <br />
** Surat<br />
** Valsad<br />
<br />
<br />
* Haryana<br />
** Ambala<br />
** [[Hisar Airport#MMLP|Hisar MMLP]]<br />
* Himachal Pradesh<br />
** Solan<br />
* Jammu and Kashmir<br />
** Jammu<br />
* Karnataka <br />
** Bangalore, 1600 acres land identified in Mudalinganahalli and Hulikunte is waiting initiation of land acquisition process.<ref name=mm1/> In this regard, the state government identified Dabaspete as the site for the park for Bengaluru in Karnataka.<ref name=ban1/><br />
* Kerala<br />
** Kochi<br />
* Punjab<br />
** Bhatinda<br />
** Sangrur<br />
* Madhya Pradesh<br />
** Indore<br />
** Bhopal<br />
* Maharashtra<br />
** [[Jalna Dry Port]]<br />
** Mumbai dighi port raigad<br />
** Nagpur, 346 acres land of [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust]] (JNPT) identified.<ref name=mm1/> <br />
** Nashik, Panaji<br />
** Pune<br />
** Sangli, Salgare<br />
* Odisha<br />
** [[Sundergarh]]<br />
* Rajasthan<br />
** Jaipur <br />
** Kota<br />
* Tamil Nadu<br />
** Chennai, 122 acres out of 158 acres is owned by [[Chennai Port Trust]] (ChPT).<br />
** Coimbatore<br />
* Telangana <br />
** Hyderabad<br />
* West Bengal <br />
** Kolkata<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Logistics Performance Index]]<br />
* [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]<br />
* [[National Highways Authority of India]]<br />
* [[Make in India]]<br />
* [[Dedicated freight corridors in India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://blogs.adb.org/blog/what-multimodal-parks-can-do-logistics-india Asian Development Blog: What Multimodal Parks Can Do for Logistics in India]<br />
* [https://www.makeinindia.com/home Make in India]<br />
* [http://barakaconsult.com/uploads/Concept%20Note%20-%20Logistics%20Efficiency%20Enhancement%20Program%20(LEEP)%20on%20Development%20of%20Multimodal%20Logistics.pdf Concept Note: Logistics Efficiency Enhancement Program (LEEP)—Development of Multimodal Logistics Parks]<br />
* [http://indiaonthego.in/pdf/Logistic-Parks-Policy.pdf Draft Policy Document: Development of Multimodal Logistics Parks]<br />
* [http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2144&key=voluntary%20vehicle%20fleet&n=1 Concept Note: Voluntary Vehicle Fleet Modernization Program ]<br />
* [http://indiaonthego.in/ India Integrated Transport and Logistics Summit 2017]<br />
* [https://www.growwleaf.com/what-is-a-national-logistics-emarket-place// What is a National Logistics Emarket place?]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]<br />
[[Category:Logistics]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in India]]<br />
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in India]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chilarai&diff=473153Chilarai2025-12-03T12:03:10Z<p>Roexpertindia: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Koch Dynasty noble}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox military person<br />
| name = Bir Chilarai Koch<br />
| honorific_suffix = <br />
| title = <br />
| image = Chilarai Dhubri.JPG<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| caption = Statue of Bir Chilarai at [[Dhubri, Assam]]<br />
| death_date = 1571<br />
| death_cause = [[Small pox]]<br />
| birth_name = Sukladhwaja<br />
| allegiance = [[Koch dynasty]]<br />
| serviceyears = 1563–1571 A.D.<br />
| rank = [[Commander-in-Chief]]<br />
| battles = *'''[[Koch–Ahom conflicts]]'''<br />
*'''Koch-Jaintia War'''<br />
*'''Koch Invasion of Tripura''' <br />
*'''Koch Invasion of Sylhet'''<br />
| spouse = Kamalpriya<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barkakoti |first=Sanjib Kr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkjkAAAAMAAJ |title=Sri Sri Sankardeva: A Total Personality |publisher=Bani Mandir |year=1995 |isbn=9788172060268 |pages=78 |language=English}}</ref><br />
| relations = [[Biswa Singha]] (father)<br />[[Nara Narayan]] (brother)<br />
| coronation = <br />
| birth_date = 1510<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sukladhwaja''' (popularly known as '''Bir Chilarai'''; 1510–1571 AD) was the 3rd son of Biswa Singha, founder of the [[Koch dynasty|Koch Dynasty]] in the [[Kamata Kingdom]] and younger brother of [[Nara Narayan]], the second king of the Koch dynasty of the Kamata kingdom in the 16th century. He was Nara Narayan's commander-in-chief and finance minister ''([[Dewan]])'' of the kingdom.<ref>"Assisted by his younger brother, Sukladhwaj, an able and dashing military general, with the nickname 'Chilarai' or 'Kite Prince' as Diwan, Prime Minister and Commander-in-Chief..." {{harvcol|Sarkar|1992|p=74}}</ref> He got his name Chilarai because, as a general, he executed troop movements that were as fast as a ''chila'' ([[kite (bird)|kite/Eagle]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://htsyndication.com/htsportal/article?arid=%221030428%22&pub=%22Assam+Tribune%22 |title=Article Details |publisher=Ht Syndication |date=3 March 2013 |accessdate=2 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035907/http://htsyndication.com/htsportal/article?arid=%221030428%22&pub=%22Assam+Tribune%22 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Military career==<br />
===Confrontation with Manipur===<br />
{{See also|Koch–Ahom conflicts}}<br />
Historical sources suggests that King Naranarayan and Chilarai have defeated the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahoms]]. Ripu Singha, the king of Manipur did not resisted the Koch forces under Chilarai, after getting informed about the war between the Ahoms and Koch dynasty. The king surrendered to them and paid twenty thousands of silver rupees, one thousand of gold coins and forty elephants. Besides this, Naranarayan imposed an annual tribute of rupees twenty thousands, three hundred gold coins and ten elephants on the Manipuri king.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Choudhary |first=Dr. Subhajit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3H2EAAAQBAJ&q=bir+chilarai+amil+sylhet |title=The Koch Dynasty and Charismatic Bir Chilarai |date=21 February 2024 |publisher=Shashwat Publication |pages=226 |isbn=978-93-6087-753-8 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
===War with the Jaintia Kingdom===<br />
The Koch army then marches towards the [[Jaintia Kingdom|Kingdom of Jaintia]], consisted of the [[Khasi and Jaintia Hills|Jaintia Hills]] and north to the [[Barak River]]. Unlike the king of Manipur, the Jaintia king preferred to resist the Koch power and came into an armed conflict with them. He was killed in action during the war. Subsequently, his son ascended the throne and submitted to the Koch. He gave Chilarai a thousand horses, ten thousand silver coins and one thousand gold coins and one hundred special type of Jaintia swords called ''Khanga,'' as compensation for the war. The king also agreed to pay an annual tribute of ten thousand silver coins, seventy horses and three hundred ''Nakoidaos'' (a special kind of knife).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECxUOSudNGYC&q=Sylhet+ |title=History of the Koch Kingdom, C. 1515-1615 |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1989 |isbn=9788170991090 |pages=62–63, 65 |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Invasion of Tripura===<br />
The Vamshavali states that after Chilarai's war with the Jaintia Kingdom, he marched towards [[Twipra Kingdom|Tripura Kingdom]] with 40,000 soldiers. Historical sources suggests that the king of Tripura was slain in the battlefield, and 18,000 of his soldiers were put to death. The battle fought at Langai in the southern border of Kachar. The dead king's brother surrendered to the Koch paying them ten thousand silver coins, one hundred gold coins and ten horses. He was installed on the throne on the condition of paying an annual tribute of nine thousand gold coins.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
===Invasion of Sylhet===<br />
Chilarai invaded [[Sylhet]], which was under the rule of the [[Karrani dynasty]] of [[Bengal Sultanate]] during the reign of [[Sulaiman Khan Karrani]]. Sylhet was then administrated by a governor with the rank of ''Nawab,'' named Amil, under the allegiance of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] and the Sultan of Bengal.<ref name=":1" /> After two days of constant battle, Chilarai rushed and beheaded Amil. Seeing the condition of Amil, his forces retreated away from the battlefield. Amil's brother submitted and paid a large amount of three lakhs of silver rupees, gold coins, horses and elephants to the Koch dynasty. After the victory in Sylhet, Chilarai was returning back to his kingdom.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
On his way, he defeated a small chiefdom named Dimrua. Panteshwar, the king of Dimrua was imprisoned and released later.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Religious patronage and character ==<br />
It was only due to his royal patronage that [[Sankardeva]] was able to establish the [[Ek Saran Naam Dharma|ekasarana-namadharma]] in Assam and bring about his cultural renaissance.<br />
<br />
Several rulers, namely the then king of [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]] and the Khasi tribal chief (Viryyavanta), submitted to Chilaray. Chilaray and his army also vanquished and killed the [[Jaintia kingdom|Jaintia]] king, and kings of [[Twipra Kingdom|Tippera]] (Tripura) and Sylhet. Chilaray is said to have never committed brutalities on unarmed common people, and even those kings who surrendered were treated with respect. He was harsh to kings and soldiers who refused to surrender, but neither him nor his brother ever annexed territories or oppressed the common people. They only collected tributes from the vanquished kings. They even treated enemy prisoners kindly, and gave them land-grants to settle.<br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
Chilaray died in 1571 of [[small pox]] on the bank of [[Ganges]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mahabahu.com/the-great-general-chilarai-a-military-genius-and-cultural-luminary/ |title=The Great General Chilarai|website=mahabahu.com |date=3 March 2013 |accessdate=12 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/more-news/editorial/chilarai-saviour-of-the-assam-school-of-neo-vaishnavism|title=Chilarai: Saviour of the Assam school of Neo-Vaishnavism|website=sentinelassam.com|date=3 March 2013 |accessdate=12 February 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bir Chilaray Diwas==<br />
The birth anniversary of Mahabir Chilaray is organised by [[Government of Assam]] annually from 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://online.assam.gov.in/web/bir-chilarai-divas |title=BirChilaray – Assam Online Portal |publisher=Online.assam.gov.in |date=1 April 2013 |accessdate=2 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206043028/http://online.assam.gov.in/web/bir-chilarai-divas |archive-date=6 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Government also declares this day as state holiday. It is celebrated on the Purnima of Magh Maah of Hindu Calendar.<br />
<br />
==Bir Chilaray award==<br />
The Directorate of Cultural Affairs, Government of Assam instituted these awards in 2005. They comprise a shawl, a citation, and a cash award of Rs. 100,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.assaminfo.com/famous-people/48/bir-chilaray.htm |title=Chilaray &#124; Bir Chilaray &#124; Bir Chilaray &#124; History of Chilaray &#124; Kamata kingdom &#124; Bir Chilaray Divas &#124; Bir Chilaray Award |publisher=Assaminfo.com |date= |accessdate=2 June 2013}}</ref><ref>http://www.samachar.com/Bir-Chilaray-Ganesh-Gogoi-Bhaben-Saikia-awards-presented-lcvkPDcbeja.html{{Dead link|date=June 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{cite book|author=Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa|title=Generalissimo Chilarai and his times: a historical biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V09uAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=2 June 2013|year=2003|publisher=Vikram Publishers}}<br />
* {{cite book|author=Guptajit Pathak|title=Assam's history and its graphics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MdjO3XVk0MAC&pg=PA132|accessdate=2 June 2013|year=2008|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-8324-251-6|pages=132–}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=J.N.|year=1992|contribution=Chapter IV: Early Rulers of Koch Bihar|editor-last=Barpujari|editor-first=H.K.|title=The Comprehensive History of Assam|volume=2|publisher=Assam Publication Board|place=Guwahati}}<br />
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECxUOSudNGYC|last=Nath |first=D. |title=History of the Koch Kingdom, C. 1515-1615 |pages=5–6|publisher=Mittal Publications|year= 1989|isbn=8170991099}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:16th-century Indian people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Assam]]<br />
[[Category:1510 births]]<br />
[[Category:1571 deaths]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basanta_Kumar_Satpathy&diff=489970Basanta Kumar Satpathy2025-11-15T08:56:21Z<p>Roexpertindia: made new bio - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian writer and academic (1913–1994)}}<br />
{{Orphan|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox writer<br />
| name = Basanta Kumar Satpathy<br />
| birth_date = 26 June 1913<br />
| death_date = 20 February 1994<br />
| occupation = Short story writer, Essayist, Translator, Academic<br />
| notable_works = Anti-romantic, Sanchayan, Manepade<br />
| awards = Odisha Sahitya Academy Award, Jhankar Award<br />
| website = {{URL|https://www.basantasatpathy.in}}<br />
| image = Basanta Kumar Satpathy.jpg<br />
| caption = Basanta Kumar Satpathy<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Basanta Kumar Satpathy''' (26 June 1913 – 20 February 1994) was an Odia short story writer, translator, and academic. He authored twelve collections of short stories, numerous translated works, and an autobiography. He was among the few literary figures who helped chart a new direction for modern [[Odia literature]] in the post-independence period. His short fiction and essays appeared in periodicals including ''[[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]]'',<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Satpathy |first1=Basanta Kumar |last2=Dash |first2=Subhra Prakash |date=2015 |title=The Bear Hunts |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44478691 |journal=Indian Literature |volume=59 |issue=3 (287) |pages=100–107 |jstor=44478691 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Satpathy |first=B.K. |date=1968 |title=Oriya: Neither Bang nor Whimper |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24157109 |journal=Indian Literature |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=66–73 |jstor=24157109 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref> ''Jhankara'', ''Samabesha'', and ''Asantakali''.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite book |last1=Nayak |first1=Jatindra Kumar |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003224778 |title=Critical Discourse in Odia |last2=Mohapatra |first2=Animesh |date=2021-10-07 |publisher=Routledge India |isbn=978-1-003-22477-8 |edition=1 |location=London |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781003224778-20}}</ref> His writing has been translated into multiple Indian languages. A selection of his short stories was translated into English by Bikram Keshari Das.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Satpathy |first=Basanta Kumar |title=When Their Eyes Met |date=2023 |publisher=Bird Nest |isbn=9788193888532 |edition=1st |location=Bhubaneswar |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Satpathy |first=Basanta Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a_h6oAEACAAJ |title="The" One-eyed Chick and Other Stories |date=2013 |publisher=Worldview Publications |isbn=978-93-82267-01-0 |language=en}}</ref> His works have been published by India's National Academy of Letters [[Sahitya Akademi]],<ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |last=Satpathy |first=Basanta Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73oH0AEACAAJ |title=The Anti-romantics: Anthology of Selected Short Stories |date=2022 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-93-5548-382-9 |language=en}}</ref> [[National Book Trust]], and [[Bharatiya Jnanpith]].<ref name="auto3">ପଟ୍ଟନାୟକ, ବିଭୂତି (ସଂପାଦନା) (2000). ''ସମସାମୟିକ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଗଳ୍ପମାଳା''. ନୂଆ ଦିଲ୍ଲୀ: ନ୍ୟାସନାଲ ବୁକ ଟ୍ରଷ୍ଟ ଇଣ୍ଡିଆ. p. ୨୪୧</ref> Several of his stories have been incorporated into school and college curricula by the Government of Odisha.<ref name="auto3"/> In 2013, his birth centenary was marked by events jointly conducted by the [[Sahitya Akademi]] and the [[Odisha Sahitya Akademi|Odisha Sahitya Academy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Odisha Sahitya Akademi |url=http://odishasahityaakademi.org/sahitya-award.php |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=odishasahityaakademi.org}}</ref> Satpathy received various literary awards, including the [[Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1968) for the book ''Anti-romantic'',<ref name="auto1"/> the Jhankar Award (1979),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to The Prajatantra Prachar Samity |url=https://theprajatantra.org/ |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=theprajatantra.org}}</ref> the Sarala Samman, and the Utkal Sahitya Samaj Samman. A monograph on his life and work was published by the [[Sahitya Akademi]] as a part of its series titled [[Makers of Indian Literature]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dash |first=Jagannath |title=Basant Kumar Satpathy |date=2019 |publisher=sahitya Akademi |isbn=9789389467642 |edition=1st |location=New Delhi |publication-date=2019 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Buy Books Online - Affordable Prices & Fast Delivery |url=https://spectrashop.in/product/basant-kumar-satpathy-makers-of-indian-literature/ |access-date=2025-06-22 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
[[File:Basanta Satpathy.jpg|thumb|Satpathy in his college days.]]<br />
<br />
Satpathy was born in Pandhada village in [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]] district, Odisha ([[Mayurbhanj State|Mayurbhanj state]] in [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]).<ref>''ସ୍ୱାଧୀନତା ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଓଡ଼ିଆ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର ଗଳ୍ପ''. ନୂଆ ଦିଲ୍ଲୀ -୧୧୦୦୧୬: ନ୍ୟାସନାଲ ବୁକ ଟ୍ରଷ୍ଟ</ref> He received his early education in Pandhada and Shirsa, and completed his matriculation from [[Baripada]] High School. As a meritorious student, he was awarded a scholarship by the Maharaja of Mayurbhanj and pursued higher education at [[Ravenshaw University|Ravenshaw College]], Cuttack.<ref name="auto2"/> During his student years, he came into contact with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] during the Harijan Padyatra and participated in political gatherings addressed by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. He also had the opportunity to engage in discussions on Odia script reform with [[Vinoba Bhave]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Satpathy |first=Basanta Kumar |title=Manepade |date=2019 |publisher=Pakshighara Prakashan |isbn=9788193216865 |edition=1st |location=Bhubaneswar |publication-date=2019 |pages=272, 273}}</ref> Satpathy completed his M.A. in English in 1938 and began his career as a teacher at Baripada High School. He later served as Public Relations Officer to the [[Mayurbhanj Palace|Maharaja of Mayurbhanj]] and was associated with publications such as ''Bhanjapradip'', ''Prajasabha'', ''Mayurbhanj Gazette'', and ''Mayurbhanj Chronicle''. He participated in a delegation to Delhi to meet [[Vallabhbhai Patel|Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]] regarding the merger of Mayurbhanj with the Indian Union.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Misra |first=Prasanna Kumar |date=1989 |title=H.k. Mahtab and the Merger of the Princely States of Orissa - an Introspection |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44146089 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=50 |pages=525–531 |jstor=44146089 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> Following the integration of Mayurbhanj, he was transferred to the Odisha Secretariat in Cuttack as [[Public relations officer|Public Relations Officer]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Satpathy |first=Basanta Kumar |title=Manepade |date=2019 |publisher=Pakshighara Prakashan |isbn=9788193216865 |pages=131 |language=Odia}}</ref> After qualifying in the Odisha Administrative Service, he joined Samanta Chandrasekhar College, Puri. He later taught at Krushnachandra Gajapati College, Paralakhemundi, and Fakir Mohan College, Balasore.<br />
<br />
== Writings ==<br />
Satpathy began his literary career with a focus on literary criticism and editorial work. in ''Bhanja Sahitya'' and ''Mayurbhanj Chronicle.'' His first short story collection, ''Anti-Romantic'', was published in 1966 and received the [[Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award|Odisha Sahitya Akademy Award]]. In 2009, ''Basanta Satpathynka Shreshtha Galpamala''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 Final Odia Catalogue |url=https://www.nbtindia.gov.in/writereaddata/attachment/monday-march-3-202512-20-00-pmodia-catalouge-2025.pdf |access-date=2025-07-02|website=National Book Trust, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Download Catalogues |url=https://www.nbtindia.gov.in/catalogues__9__download-catalogue.nbt |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=www.nbtindia.gov.in}}</ref> was published by the National Book Trust as part of a series on contemporary Indian literature. The [[Bharatiya Jnanpith]] also published Hindi translations of his short stories.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharatiya Jnanpith {{!}} Book Store |url=https://jnanpith.net/search_bookstore.php |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=jnanpith.net}}</ref> ''The'' ''Anti-Romantics'', English translation of his short stories was published by the [[Sahitya Akademi]] in 2022.<ref name="auto1"/> Satpathy translated ''Lamb's Shakespeare Stories'' (1977), ''The Travels of Ulysses'' (1970) into Odia. He translated selected English one-act plays into Odia under the title ''Nabanatika'' (1960).<ref>{{Citation |last=Pattanaik |first=Diptiranjan |title=The Power of Translation: A Survey of Translation in Orissa |date=2000 |work=Changing the Terms |pages=71–86 |editor-last=Simon |editor-first=Sherry |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1ckpcz7.6 |access-date=2025-06-22 |series=Translating in the Postcolonial Era |publisher=University of Ottawa Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctt1ckpcz7.6 |jstor=j.ctt1ckpcz7.6 |editor2-last=St-Pierre |editor2-first=Paul|url-access=subscription }}</ref> At [[Mayadhar Mansingh]]'s suggestion, he compiled ''Sanchayana'' (1974), an anthology of Odia poetry modelled on ''[[Palgrave's Golden Treasury]]'', published by the Sahitya Akademi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanchayan (Oriya) |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/sanchayan-oriya-mzq326/ |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=exoticindiaart.com |language=en}}</ref> He translated Rabindranath Tagore's ''Raja'' into Odia (1979) and adapted Fakir Mohan's novel ''Chha Mana Atha Guntha'' into a play titled ''Champa'' (1970).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Satpathy |first=Basanta Kumar |title=Basanta Satpathy Nka Shrestha Galpamala |date=2009 |publisher=National Book Trust India |isbn=978-81-237-5613-4 |location=New Delhi |pages=ii, iii |language=Odia}}</ref> He also authored ''Fakir Mohan: His Life and Literature'' (1984), which included a biographical essay and six translated stories. Between the 1960s and 1970s, Satpathy's essays appeared in the Sahitya Akademi's journal ''Indian Literature'', including pieces such as "Nilasaila," "One or Two Outstanding Books," "Neither Bang nor Whimper,"<ref name="auto"/> and "Much Paper, More Poverty." He also wrote a cricket-themed satirical essay, ''Sir Roger and Test Cricket'' (1960), modeled on [[Roger de Coverley|Sir Roger de Coverley]].<br />
<br />
=== List of published works ===<br />
'''Short Story Collections:'''<br />
<br />
* ''Anti-Romantic'' (1966)<br />
* ''Ganga o Gangi'' (1981)<br />
* ''Hyderabad Angura'' (1982)<br />
* ''Mamsashimananka Uddeshyare'' (1982)<br />
* ''Gotae Alu'' (1982)<br />
* ''Nidashraya'' (1983)<br />
* ''Akashi Phula'' (1983)<br />
* ''Ajaga Ghaa'' (1983)<br />
* ''Major Operation'' (1984)<br />
* ''Pua Pain Jhia''<br />
* ''Basanta Satpathy nka Shrestha Galpa'' (2009)<br />
<br />
'''Translations:'''<br />
<br />
* ''Nabanatika'' (1960) – translations of modern English one-act plays<br />
* ''Du'iti Bhramana Kahani'' (1970) – translations of travel narratives<br />
* ''Lambanka Shakespeare Kahani Mala'' (1977) – adaptation of Lamb's tales from Shakespeare<br />
* ''Raja'' (1979) – translation of Rabindranath Tagore's play<br />
* ''Ahamiya Sahityara Itihas''<br />
<br />
'''Edited anthology:'''<br />
<br />
* ''Sanchayana'' (1974) – anthology of modern Odia poetry compiled and edited, published by Sahitya Akademi<br />
<br />
'''Essays:'''<br />
<br />
* ''Fakir Mohan: His Life and Literature'' (1984) – a critical-biographical work with translated stories and essays<br />
<br />
'''Books in English translation:'''<br />
<br />
* ''The Anti-romantics'' (Tr. Jagannath Das)<br />
* ''The One-eyed Chick and Other Stories'' (Tr. Bikram K. Das, Sumanyu Satpathy)<br />
* ''When Their Eyes Met and Other Stories'' (Tr. Bikram K. Das)<br />
<br />
'''Autobiography:'''<br />
<br />
* ''Manepade'' (2019)<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
[[File:Gotie Alu.png|thumb|A cartoon of Satpathy's story ''Gotie Alu'' by Shilpi Ashok]]<br />
Basanta Satpathy "belonged to the tradition of [[Fakir Mohan Senapati]]".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Bikram K. |date=2012 |title=Kaani, the One-eyed Chick (A Note on the Story and the Translation) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23348909 |journal=Indian Literature |volume=56 |issue=2 (268) |pages=143–145 |jstor=23348909 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref> His short stories, have been noted for their "distinct use of humour and stylistic clarity".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nayak |first1=Jatindra Kumar |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003224778 |title=Critical Discourse in Odia |last2=Mohapatra |first2=Animesh |date=2021-10-07 |publisher=Routledge India |isbn=978-1-003-22477-8 |edition=1 |location=London |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781003224778}}</ref> Satakadi Hota characterised his humour as a "philosophical outlook that transforms sorrow into amusement." In the context of postcolonial Indian literature,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohanty |first=Jatindra Mohan |date=1985 |title=A Time of Consolidation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24158279 |journal=Indian Literature |volume=28 |issue=2 (106) |pages=128–141 |jstor=24158279 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref> Professor Himansu Mahapatra observed that Satpathy's stories extend the discourse of postcolonialism into the mainstream literary domain. Kankan Basu wrote in [[The Hindu]]:<blockquote><br />
The stories are not without an occasional dash of humour as is evident in 'When Their Eyes Met' with its confused characters playing romantic musical chairs. Quite a few stories have an unexpected twist towards the end. But it is his concern for the bigger and more serious issues that touch the reader.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-01-04 |title=An Ode to Odia |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/literary-review/an-ode-to-odia/article5534777.ece |access-date=2025-06-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref></blockquote>His birth centenary was commemorated by the Odisha Sahitya Akademi on 20 October 2013 at the Utkal Sangeet Mahavidyalaya, Bhubaneswar. A parallel centenary celebration was also organised by the Sahitya Akademi (New Delhi), which featured participation by noted literary scholars and critics including Harish Trivedi, Srinivas Rao, and former Akademi President Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari.<ref>{{Citation |title=Founding of Sahitya Akademi |date=2018-10-08 |work=Independent India, 1947-2000 |pages=181 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315838212-36 |access-date=2025-06-22 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781315838212-36 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |isbn=978-1-315-83821-2|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In his memory, the annual Basanta Satpathy Memorial Lecture<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3iOfK8NTnA |title=6th Basant Satpathy Memorial Lecture by Manoj Das |date=2019-07-15 |last=Sumanyu Satpathy |access-date=2025-06-22 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDIzIMLZJ7Y |title=Basant Satpathy Memorial Lecture 7 |date=2019-07-09 |last=Sumanyu Satpathy |access-date=2025-06-22 |via=YouTube}}</ref> is held on his birth anniversary, featuring talks by leading intellectuals and literary figures from across India.<ref>http://sambadepaper.com/Details.aspx?id=173776&boxid=21153787{{Dead link | date=August 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Satpathy, Basanta Kumar}}<br />
[[Category:1913 births]]<br />
[[Category:1994 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Odia-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:People from Mayurbhanj district]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_deputy_speakers_of_the_Tripura_Legislative_Assembly&diff=512935List of deputy speakers of the Tripura Legislative Assembly2025-11-01T16:04:52Z<p>Roexpertindia: Created redirect page</p>
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<div>#redirect [[List of speakers of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=A._Achuthan&diff=483731A. Achuthan2025-10-30T22:57:05Z<p>Roexpertindia: made a article</p>
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<div>{{short description|Indian environmental activist (1933–2022)}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = A. Achuthan<br />
| image =A Achyuthan (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| monuments = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1933|04|01|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Avittathur]] near [[Irinjalakuda]], [[Kingdom of Cochin]] (present-day [[Thrissur district]] of [[Kerala]])<br />
| resting_place = <br />
| resting_place_coordinates = <br />
| death_cause = <br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|10|10|1933|04|01|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Kozhikode]], Kerala, India<br />
| known_for = Environmental activism in Kerala <br />
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Environmental activist]]|[[Academic staff|academic]]}}<br />
| alma mater = {{ubl|[[University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering]]|[[IIT Madras]]|[[University of Kerala]]}}<br />
| movement =<br />
| awards = [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Scholarly Literature]] (2014)<br />
}}<br />
'''A. Achuthan''' was an Indian environmental activist and science writer from [[Kerala]]. He was involved in many environmental protests in the state. His book titled ''Paristhithi Padanathinu Oramukham'' [An introduction to environmental studies], won the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Scholarly Literature]] in 2014.<br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
A. Achuthan was born on April 1, 1933, to Ikanda Variyar, a sub-registrar, and Madhavi Variyar, a civil servant, in [[Avittathur]] near [[Irinjalakuda]] in present-day [[Thrissur district]] of [[Kerala]].<ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=പ്രമുഖ പരിസ്ഥിതി പ്രവർത്തകൻ ഡോ. എ. അച്യുതൻ അന്തരിച്ചു |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/noted-environmental-activist-dr-a-achuthan-passes-away-1.7945147 |access-date=2025-09-05 |newspaper=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=ml}}</ref> After completing graduation in civil engineering from the [[University of Kerala]], he studied master's degree in civil engineering from the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison|University of Wisconsin]] and a doctorate from [[IIT Madras]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-10-10 |title=A. Achyuthan, a man synonymous with environmental activism, passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/a-achyuthan-a-man-synonymous-with-environmental-activism-passes-away/article65993007.ece |access-date=2025-09-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> As a civil engineer, he is specialised in [[hydraulics]].<ref name="NIEx">{{Cite web |last=A |first=Sam Paul |date=2014-10-17 |title=The Indomitable Warrior for Environment Protection |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2014/Oct/17/the-indomitable-warrior-for-environment-protection-672606.html |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Personal life and death===<br />
Achuthan and his wife Sulochana have two children, Aruna, a VLSI design engineer in Canada, and Anupama A. Manjula, an associate professor in the Department of Pathology at Manjeri Government Medical College,.<ref name="Mathrubhumi" /> He died on October 10, 2022, at Kozhikode.<ref name="NIE">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-10-11 |title=Environmental activist A Achuthan passes away |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2022/Oct/11/environmental-activist-a-achuthan-passes-away-2506789.html |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> As per his wishes, his body was handed over to the [[Government Medical College, Kozhikode|Kozhikode Government Medical College]] for academic purposes, without being placed for public viewing or paying homage.<ref name="NIE" /><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Achuthan started his career as a demonstrator at the Government Engineering College, Thiruvananthapuram in 1954.<ref name="NIEx" /> Later he worked at the Public and Engineering Division of the Public Works Department, Government of Kerala.<ref name="Mathrubhumi" /> While working in PWD, he has done research on 'Total Sanitation' at the [[Indian Council for Medical Research]].<ref name="NIEx" /> He left PWD for teaching career and worked as a teacher at [[Government Engineering College, Thrissur|Thrissur]] and [[Government Engineering College, Barton Hill|Thiruvananthapuram]] engineering colleges and [[National Institute of Technology Calicut|Kozhikode Regional Engineering College]].<ref name="Mathrubhumi" /> He has also served as Dean and Director of Academic Staff College at the [[University of Calicut]].<ref name="Mathrubhumi" /><br />
<br />
In the same year he arrived in Kozhikode as a teacher in 1962, the [[Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad]] was formed in Kozhikode.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-13 |title=അച്യുതൻ മാഷ് എന്ന കർമ്മയോഗിയായ ഗുരുനാഥൻ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/environment/features/about-environmentalist-dr-a-achuthan-1.7954008 |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml}}</ref> Although he did not attend any of the first meetings of Parishad, he was active in literature and cultural scene of Kozhikode in the 1960s. In a poetry circle, he met another Irinjalakuda resident, [[N. V. Krishna Warrier]]. Upon Warrier's request Achuthan became a member of the Parishad in 1965.<ref name=":0" /> In 1966, he became the general secretary of the Parishad and in 1969, he became its state president.<ref name=":0" /> It was during his time that the Parishad was registered as a society. It was first registered with the home address of Achuthan.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
For the Parishad, he focused on new methods of waste disposal, proper mosquito control, the design of a smoke-free stove (now called the parishad stove), ways to save electricity, drinking water conservation measures, and low-cost building construction using local resources.<ref name=":0" /> He prepared many books and pamphlets to promote these. The most important of these is ''Ningalkkoru Veedu'' [A Home for You], which was prepared in collaboration with Vincent Paul, a colleague at REC.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Achuthan was a member of the expert committees of the Central Department of Science and Technology, [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[Kerala State Planning Board]], and the Board of Studies, Faculty, and Academic Council of various universities.<ref name="Mathrubhumi" /> He also served as the editor of the science periodicals ''Sastra Gati'' and ''Ore Oru Bhoomi''.<ref name="Mathrubhumi" /><br />
<br />
==Activism==<br />
Achuthan was a person who actively intervened in environmental issues in Kerala. He was a member of the People's Inquiry Commission related to the [[Plachimada Coca-Cola struggle|Plachimada protest]] and the Inquiry Commission related to the [[Endosulfan tragedy in Kerala|Endosulfan disaster]], and was also active in the [[Save Silent Valley]] protest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Renowned environmentalist Dr A Achuthan passes away in Kozhikode |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/renowned-environmentalist-dr-a-achuthan-passes-away-in-kozhikode-4714d3c5 |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=en}}</ref> At the time of Silent Valley issue, he was a member of the Task Forces on Energy under the Kerala State Planning Board.<ref name="NIEx" /> The first official report detailing the plight of endosulfan victims in Kerala was prepared under the leadership of Achuthan.<ref name="Manorama">{{Cite web |title=ഡോ.എ.അച്യുതൻ അന്തരിച്ചു; പരിസ്ഥിതി പോരാട്ടങ്ങളുടെ മുൻനിര പോരാളി |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/kozhikode/2022/10/11/kozhikode-dr-m-achuthan-passwed-away.html |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=Manoramaonline |publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]] |language=ml}}</ref> He was also involved in other environmental protests in the state including issues related to Jeerakapara, [[Madayipara]], [[Mavoor]] Gwalior Rayons and [[Njeliyanparambu|Njeliyanparamba]] waste treatment plant.<ref name="NIEx" /> Achuthan was also at the forefront of the formation of the Kerala Environmental Conservation Committee in 1974 to deal exclusively with environmental issues.<ref name="Mathrubhumi" /><br />
<br />
==Contributions==<br />
Achuthan has published 20 books, twelve scientific papers in various international scientific publications, and more than a hundred scientific articles.<ref name="Manorama"/><br />
<br />
==Awards and honors==<br />
His book titled ''Paristhithi Padanathinu Oramukham'' (meaning: An introduction to environmental studies) won the 2014 [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Scholarly Literature]].<ref name="Mathrubhumi" /> He had also received many awards including the Silent Valley National Park Jubilee Award and the Kerala State Science, Technology and Environment Council Award, for his environmental activism.<ref name="Manorama"/><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Achuthan, A}}<br />
[[Category:1933 births]]<br />
[[Category:2022 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian environmentalists]]<br />
[[Category:Malayali people]]<br />
[[Category:Activists from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:People from Thrissur district]]<br />
[[Category:Indian science writers]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]<br />
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni]]<br />
[[Category:IIT Madras alumni]]<br />
[[Category:University of Kerala alumni]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Udvada&diff=542384Udvada2025-09-04T02:59:13Z<p>Roexpertindia: data!</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{refimprove|date=September 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Udvada<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = town<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India3 <br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|20.487500|N|72.870556|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Valsad district|Valsad]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = Taluka<br />
| subdivision_name3 = Pardi<br />
| established_title = <br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 5897<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] <br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --><br />
| postal_code = 396180<br />
| registration_plate = GJ 15<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 91260<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = 995/1000 [[female|♀]]/[[male|♂]]<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Udvada''' is a town situated in [[Pardi]] taluka in the [[Valsad district]] in the state of [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. Udvada is a coastal town located around 24&nbsp;km from the [[Valsad]] city. The [[Zoroastrian temple]], [[Udvada Atash Behram]] is situated here.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name ''Udvada'' means the 'grazing ground of camels', which it used to be before it became a fishing town.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Udvada is situated on the mouth of [[Kolak River]]. It also has a hill on the outskirts of the town. It is neighbours with Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar haveli which is a Union Territory of India.<br />
<br />
==Transport==<br />
The town is served by [[Udvada railway station]] for passenger trains & [[Vapi Railway Station]] for mail exp & superfast trains including with tejas, Shatabdi, which lies on [[New Delhi–Mumbai main line]]. The nearest airport is [[Surat Airport]] in [[Surat]]. Mumbai is the biggest airport nearby.<br />
<br />
==Zoroastrianism==<br />
<br />
===The Atash Behram===<br />
[[File:Udvada Fire Temple 1905.JPG|thumb|Udvada [[Fire temple#Atash Behram|Atash Behram]], 1905]]<br />
[[File:Udwada atash behram.jpg|thumb|Udvada [[Fire temple#Atash Behram|Atash Behram]] before 2009 renovations.]]<br />
<br />
The [[Udvada Atash Behram]] ({{coord|20.4875|72.8707|format=dms|region:IR_type:landmark|name=Atash Behram, Udvada, Gujarat, India|display=inline}}) is the most sacred of the Zoroastrian fire temples in India and the oldest continuously burning fire-temple fire in India. The Udvada ''Atash Behram'' is one of nine ''Atash Behram''s worldwide, eight of which are in western [[India]] (four in [[Mumbai]], two in [[Surat]], one in [[Navsari]], and the one in Udvada), and one of which is in [[Yazd]], in central [[Iran]].<br />
<br />
The importance of Udvada in [[Parsi]] (Indian Zoroastrian) history and religion centres around the ''Atash Behram'' (from [[Middle Persian]] ''Atash Warharan'' for 'Victorious Fire', the highest grade of [[Atar#The cult of fire|ritual fire]] of the [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]) housed in the fire temple there.<br />
<br />
====History====<br />
Following the [[Early Muslim conquests|Muslim conquest]] of most of [[Greater Iran]] in the 7th century, Zoroastrians gradually became a marginalized community, and by about the 10th century, the formerly Zoroastrian-held territories had become largely Islamic. One group of Zoroastrians fled from [[Greater Khorasan]] to the west coast of India in order to preserve their religious customs and beliefs. Upon landing, the refugees founded the settlement of [[Sanjan (Gujarat)|Sanjan]], which lies about 30&nbsp; km south of Udvada.<br />
<br />
According to the same legend, on their journey, the Zoroastrians had carried ash from a sacred fire, which a priest is said to have then used for the bed of the Sanjan fire when it was consecrated. A related legend recounts that this fire was consecrated as Atash Bahram fires traditionally are, that is, out of 16 fires, including that of a funeral pyre, a shepherd's hearth, a goldsmith's hearth, a potter's kiln and from a fire caused by lightning.{{ref_label|Desai|1|none}}<br />
<br />
Some centuries after their arrival (probably in the late 14th century), Sanjan was attacked by troops of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] (possibly those of [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]]{{ref_label|Balaram|2|none}}) and the Parsis fled again, into caves in the nearby Barhot hills, 14&nbsp;km south of Sanjan. The sacred fire went with them. Several years later it was installed in Navsari. In the 18th century, a decision was made to return the flame to Sanjan, but along the way, the priests preferred to remain in Udvada, where the fire temple was consecrated in 1742. {{ref_label|Boyce_Kotwal_a|3|none}}<br />
<br />
The first recorded use of the name in reference to the fire there appears in a 1905 work by [[Jivanji Jamshedji Modi]], who made several allusions to the "Iranshah Fire" within the space of two pages. In 1920, when Shahpurshah Hodivala published his English language translation of the [[Qissa-i Sanjan]], he assumed that this was the original name of the fire. It had been so-called because it was consecrated to be the earthly representative of [[Yazdegerd III]], the last Zoroastrian king of Iran, this explanation is accepted by almost all devout Parsis, and even the few sceptics among them tend to refer to the fire as the ''Iranshah''.<br />
<br />
In 1998, Sarosh Bana, executive editor with [[Business India]], approached the then Gujarat government to declare Udvada village a ‘[[Heritage Overlay|Heritage Precinct]]’. Bana organised a pictorial and architectural assessment of the village and set up a pilgrimage boarding facility and a museum showcasing the history of the Parsis and Udvada. The museum is now OPEN FOR PUBLIC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPrintView.jsp?page_id=607|title=Village by the sea|website=www.harmonyindia.org|access-date=2016-08-12|archive-date=20 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820192133/http://www.harmonyindia.org/hportal/VirtualPrintView.jsp?page_id=607|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Today====<br />
Ceremonial anniversary celebrations are held at the ''Atash Behram'' on the day of its founding. The ceremonies in Udvada are held on the ninth day of the ninth month in the ''Shahenshahi'' (imperial) version of the [[Zoroastrian calendar]] (which, in 2020, was on 21 April). Pilgrims from all over the world visit the temple on that day. Special ceremonies are also held on the 20th day of each month. In the Zoroastrian calendar, that day is dedicated to the divinity [[Verethragna]] ([[Avestan language|Avestan]], [[Middle Persian]] ''Waharam'', hence ''Behram''), [[Hypostasis (linguistics)|hypostasis]] of victory.<br />
<br />
According to tradition and later as a result of the legal verdict, nine priestly families of Sanjan and their heirs are the sole lawful guardians of the fire and its temple. They alone have the right to enjoy their income. The position of high priest passes in turn from the head of one family to the head of another.{{ref_label|Boyce_Kotwal_c|5|none}}<br />
<br />
Major renovations are being made in Udvada Atash Behram by a renowned construction company Shapoorji Pallonji since December 2018. It was due for a major internal renovation. It was a major concern for the Parsi community for it holds great value in creating the community of Parsis in India.<br />
<br />
===Ilm-e Kshnoom===<br />
Udvada is also the religious centre of the [[Ilm-e-Kshnoom]], a very small Zoroastrian sect based on a mystic and esoteric interpretation of religious texts. Founded in the early 20th century, this sect found a following among the prominent Unvala family of Udvada (after whom adherents of the Ilm-e-Kshnoom are also called the 'Unvala sect'), who then attempted to establish new standards of worship at the Atash Behram. The Unvalas eventually took the caretakers of the Atash Behram to court (which led to the nine families also gaining a legal footing), and when in 1936 two priests of the Atash Behram died, the Unvalas refused to accept their nominated successors. [[Maneckji Nusserwanji Dhalla]], a highly respected theologian of the time, was called upon to intervene, and the issue was settled after over 25 years of discord. Dhalla had barely returned to his home town when the Ilm-e-Kshnoom sought to establish their priest as another 'high' priest.<br />
<br />
===Zoroastrian Heritage Museum===<br />
Udvada also hosts a Zoroastrian Heritage Museum, sponsored by the Government of Gujarat. This museum contains summaries of the teachings and beliefs of lord Ahura Mazda, it has a large write-up, that tells you about the history of the Parsi's and Ahura Mazda. It also has explanations and write-ups on the holy ceremony of the Parsis called Navjot. It also showcases brief biographies of some of the prominent personalities from the Parsi community and their contributions to India.<br />
<br />
==Preservation==<br />
The town, and its ambience, is under threat from the advancing sea (and consequent salinity) and commercialization. The Mumbai-based Save Udvada Committee, supported by the [[India]]n and Gujarat state governments, is engaged in combating sea-driven erosion.{{ref_label|Homji|6|none}} There have also been attempts to get Udvada declared a [[World Heritage Site]], to protect the ancient residences and the fire temple. The typical Parsi homes here with their high ceilings, sloped roofs with ornamental skirting, and double {{Lang|gu-latn|otla}}''s'' (porches) are over a century old, and considered worth preserving.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*Udwadia, a toponymic surname from the town:<br />
**[[Farokh Udwadia]], Indian physician<br />
**[[Firdaus E. Udwadia]]: Indian mechanical engineer, known for the [[Udwadia–Kalaba formulation]]<br />
**[[Tehemton Erach Udwadia]], Indian surgeon and gastroenterologist<br />
**[[Zarir Udwadia]], Indian pulmonologist and researcher<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
#{{note_label|Desai|1|none}} {{cite web<br />
| last = Desai<br />
| first = Jenny<br />
| title = Udvada<br />
| url = http://parsiqueen.tripod.com/id31.html<br />
| access-date = 2006-09-06<br />
}}<br />
#{{note_label|Balaram|2|none}} {{cite news<br />
| last = Balaram<br />
| first = Gunvanti<br />
| title = Sanjan shards help piece together Parsi history<br />
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-04-13/mumbai/27271975_1_parsis-zoroastrian-dokhma<br />
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130628041045/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-04-13/mumbai/27271975_1_parsis-zoroastrian-dokhma<br />
| url-status = dead<br />
| archive-date = 2013-06-28<br />
| access-date = 2006-09-06<br />
| work = [[The Times of India]]<br />
| date = 2003-04-13<br />
}}<br />
#{{note_label|Boyce_Kotwal_a|3|none}}{{note_label|Boyce_Kotwal_b|4|none}}{{note_label|Boyce_Kotwal_c|5|none}} {{cite encyclopedia<br />
|title = Irānshāh<br />
|url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iransah<br />
|author1 = Boyce, Mary<br />
|author2 = Kotwal, Firoze<br />
|name-list-style = amp<br />
|encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Iranica<br />
|access-date = 2012-08-03<br />
}}<br />
#{{note_label|Homji|6|none}} {{cite journal<br />
| title=Curbing coastal erosion - Example of Udvada (South Gujarat)<br />
| author=Homji, V. M. M.<br />
| journal=National Academy Science Letters<br />
| year=1995<br />
| access-date=2006-09-06<br />
| url=http://wwwscieng.murdoch.edu.au/centres/others/mangrove/sea_level.pdf<br />
| archive-date=21 August 2006<br />
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821202519/http://wwwscieng.murdoch.edu.au/centres/others/mangrove/sea_level.pdf<br />
| url-status=dead<br />
}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cities and towns in Valsad district]]<br />
[[Category:Zoroastrianism in India]]<br />
[[Category:Parsi culture]]<br />
[[Category:Parsi people]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_neighbourhoods_of_Ranchi&diff=513116List of neighbourhoods of Ranchi2025-08-29T02:23:38Z<p>Roexpertindia: adding initial info v1</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|None}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{more citations needed|date=April 2012}}<br />
{{notability|Lists|date=April 2012}}<br />
{{more footnotes needed|date=April 2012}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Major residential areas ==<br />
<br />
=== Hind Piri ===<br />
Hind Piri is located in the heart of Ranchi city, the prime residential area which is densely populated faces [[Main Road, Ranchi|Main Road]] [[Old Commissioner's Compound]] and [[PP Compound]].<br />
the place has many Schools, Hospitals, Banks and Colleges at its vicinity. Hind Piri is One of the oldest residential colony in Ranchi. The Ranchi Daily Market which is city's main vegetables and fruit market, is located at northern end of the colony along with New Market, which deals in electronic goods. [[Guru Nanak]] Higher Secondary School is flanking it from south. on the north west of the colony lies Marwari College. it is easily accessible by Railway station, Bus stop and Airport from main road. it is also adjacent to Sainik Market, Anjuman Market, Hi Street Mall and, [[Hotel Capitol Hills]]<br />
<br />
=== CMPDI ===<br />
[[Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited]] (CMPDIL) is one of the eight subsidiary of [[Coal India Limited]] (CIL) with its headquarters at Ranchi. CMPDIL came into existence in 1975 after nationalization of coal mines and as the name suggests became planning and design subsidiary of CIL. CMPDIL now gives services in exploration, planning & design, coal preparation, Coal Bed Methane (CBM)′<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cmpdi.co.in/cbm.php | title=Coal Bed Methane | publisher=CMPDI | accessdate=13 December 2018 }}</ref> and research & development in coal sector and has clients spread across India and globe.<br />
The colony is based in the Kanke road. The colony has a [[State Bank of India]] inside the campus.<br />
Gondwana School inside the campus has been run by CMPDI for the last 25 years. The Colony also has a tennis court, play ground, Community hall and Mayuri hall.<br />
It has a Ladies club (Mahila Sabha) which donates towards blind students at Birsa Blind school. The colony is 8.7&nbsp;km from [[Ranchi Railway Station]] and 12.3&nbsp;km from Airport.<br />
<br />
===Ashok Nagar===<br />
This cooperative society colony was established in 1975. This colony was formed by Senior Bihar Govt employees. The colony has 500 plots. The size of the plot varies from {{convert|5000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} to 12000 sq ft (type d to type a). The colony has 4 cricket ground size parks and one temple. The colony is based in the heart of the city. The colony is 3&nbsp;km from Railway Station and 4&nbsp;km from Airport.<br />
<br />
===SAIL Satellite colony===<br />
Established in 1990, the colony was created exclusively for employees of the [[Steel Authority of India Limited]] (SAIL) posted in Ranchi. Besides the residential units, the colony features Children's Park, Play Grounds, BasketBall & Tennis Courts, Recreation Centre and much more."Morning Stars Football Club" is also situated in this colony. This Club was established in 2000 by a group of Sail Employees. Delhi Public School, a major school of Ranchi is located inside this colony. It is also a very peaceful and quiet colony. It has houses of {{convert|400|sqft|m2}} to 1500 sq.feet.<br />
<br />
===Resaldar Nagar===<br />
Resaldar Nagar was established in 1975, major residents are Muslims. The speciality of this area is that the whole area was occupied within three years - now there are no more vacant plots. It is situated in the very heart of city near ''Rajendra chowk'' and ''Over Bridge''. This is the most reputed area for Muslim and the best colony for Muslims. Most of the people are highly literate. It is named after a ''Baba'' named ''Resaldar''. <br />
<br />
===Lalpur===<br />
Lalpur Chowk, an important locality of Ranchi, is an intersection (chowk meaning "intersection") is at the intersection of Circular and Old Hazaribagh Road (old HB Road in short). The word chowk is a [[Hindi]] word meaning intersection. The area has several shops and important commercial establishments. Circular Road ends at the subsequent chowk, namely, Dangratoli Chowk, where Circular Road meets Purulia Road. In the opposite direction, the Circular Road takes one to Kutchery area of Ranchi. From there, it forks to Ratu Road and Kanke Road. Old HB Road continues until it meets the new Hazaribagh Road. In the opposite direction it leads to Firayalal chowk, which is one of the busiest intersections in Ranchi.<br />
Lalpur Chowk also leads to Peace Road.<br />
<br />
There are major residential areas around Lalpur chowk. Burdwan Compound, BSNL colony, Lower Burdwan compound etc. Burdwan Compound has a large population of [[Bengali people|Bengalis]]. Burdwan Compound is so named because it was the estate of the king of Burdwan, a district in [[West Bengal]].<br />
<br />
===Harmu Housing Colony===<br />
[[File:Harmu Housing Colony.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A view of Harmu Colony]]<br />
Harmu Housing Colony is one of the largest residential areas of Ranchi. The Colony was established during the early 1960s, and has since rapidly expanded. Currently 2016, it has, apart from residential houses and apartments, a number of trading and commercial establishments; government offices; schools and hospitals, and other civic facilities. The neighboring areas of Harmu housing Colony are Argora and Ashok Nagar in South, Kishore Gunj in North and New AG Cooperative colony in East. India cricket captain [[MS Dhoni]]'s house is located here..<br />
Many high rise apartments are being built in this area and property prices are very high.<br />
<br />
===Kantatoli Colony===<br />
Kantatoli Colony also known as Netaji Nagar, is one of the popular residential areas of Ranchi. Kantatoli Colony/Netaji Nagar is famous for its cultural events and especially for the [[Durga Puja]] celebrations. It was set up to rehabilitate the refugees from [[East Bengal]] after the [[Partition of India|partition]]. It is adjacent to the Birsa Bus Terminus.<br />
<br />
===AG Co-Operative Colony===<br />
AG Co-Operative Colony includes A.G.Colony Kadru both are coming under the society of A.G Office Employees Housing Society is becoming very expensive locality in Ranchi. Children Park in new AG cooperative colony is the building ground for fresh cricketing talent.<br />
<br />
===Morhabadi===<br />
Morhabadi is a residential Neighbourhood in Ranchi in India. It houses the famous Morhabadi Maidan, Birsa Munda football stadium, Asto Turf hockey stadium and Tagore hill. Morhabadi Maidan hosts various fairs or 'mela' round the year. it is surrounded by various parks such as Ram Dayal Munda Park, Sidhu Kanhu Park, Oxygen park, Dada Dadi park, Gandhi park, nigam park etc which makes it a place for joggers and strollers.<br />
<br />
==Other localities==<br />
<br />
* Resaldar Nagar<br />
* [[MECON Limited|MECON]] Shyamali colony<br />
* HEC colony<br />
* NIFFT Colony<br />
* Hinoo<br />
* Argora<br />
* A.G. Colony, Kadru<br />
* Burdwan Compound<br />
* Old Commissioner's Compound<br />
* Jawahar Nagar<br />
* Gandhi Nagar<br />
* Tharpakhna<br />
* Kusai Colony<br />
* Rahmat Colony<br />
* Pathalkudwa<br />
* Purani Ranchi<br />
* Indrapuri<br />
* Shivpuri<br />
* South Office Para<br />
* North Office Para<br />
* Bariatu Sarhul nagar <br />
* Nagra Toli<br />
* Bhitta<br />
* Shastri Nagar<br />
* Morhabadi<br />
* Shashi Vihar Colony (Cheshire Home Road, Bariatu)<br />
* Budh Vihar<br />
* Hesag<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{cite web|title=Ranchi.com |url=http://www.ranchi.com/ |accessdate=2007-04-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419200455/http://www.ranchi.com/ |archivedate=19 April 2007 }}<br />
* {{cite web<br />
| title = Official Ranchi Website<br />
| url = http://ranchi.nic.in/welcome.htm<br />
| accessdate =2007-04-13 }}<br />
<br />
* {{cite web<br />
| title = Ranchiinfo.com (under construction)<br />
| url = http://www.ranchiinfo.com/<br />
| accessdate =2007-05-13 }}<br />
<br />
* {{cite web | title = Rock Garden Ranchi | url = http://www.seejharkhand.in/tourism/ranchi/rock-garden.html | accessdate =2015-06-15 }}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|23.36|N|85.33|E|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ranchi]]<br />
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Jharkhand]]</div>Roexpertindiahttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahel,_Faridkot&diff=484919Ahel, Faridkot2025-08-25T07:20:36Z<p>Roexpertindia: made info - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Village in Faridkot District, Punjab, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Ahel<br />
| other_name = <br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|30.712365|N|74.503527|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = <br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = <br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = <br />
| subdivision_name2 = <br />
| established_title = <br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]<br />
| leader_name = <br />
| unit_pref = <br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| population_total = 1,267<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 151212<br />
| area_code = +91-<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest cities<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = Sadiq, Jand Sahib<br />
| blank1_name_sec2 = <br />
| blank1_info_sec2 = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec2 = <br />
| blank2_info_sec2 = <br />
}}<br />
'''Ahel''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਅਹਿਲ) is a village in [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], [[India]]. It located 29 km away in the south from [[Faridkot, Punjab]]. It is Basically [[Sandhu]] community's village, but with the time more communities migrated from other places. The population as per 2011 census was 1267 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahal (Faridkot, Faridkot District (Punjub), India) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/india/villages/faridkot/faridkot/035502__ahal/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Map of Ahal, Faridkot, Faridkot, Punjab |url=https://m.mapsofindia.com/villages/punjab/faridkot/faridkot/ahal.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=m.mapsofindia.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Faridkot district]]<br />
<br />
{{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}</div>Roexpertindia